{"id":"6401197308716204890","input":"which method of forecasting uses averages to predict future weather","passages":[{"title":"Forecasting","text":"Seasonality is a characteristic of a time series in which the data experiences regular and predictable changes which recur every calendar year . Any predictable change or pattern in a time series that recurs or repeats over a one - year period can be said to be seasonal . It is common in many situations -- such as grocery store or even in a Medical Examiner 's office -- that the demand depends on the day of the week . In such situations , the forecasting procedure calculates the seasonal index of the `` season '' -- seven seasons , one for each day -- which is the ratio of the average demand of that season ( which is calculated by Moving Average or Exponential Smoothing using historical data corresponding only to that season ) to the average demand across all seasons . An index higher than 1 indicates that demand is higher than average ; an index less than 1 indicates that the demand is less than the average . ","sentences":["Seasonality is a characteristic of a time series in which the data experiences regular and predictable changes which recur every calendar year .","Any predictable change or pattern in a time series that recurs or repeats over a one - year period can be said to be seasonal .","It is common in many situations -- such as grocery store or even in a Medical Examiner 's office -- that the demand depends on the day of the week .","In such situations , the forecasting procedure calculates the seasonal index of the `` season '' -- seven seasons , one for each day -- which is the ratio of the average demand of that season ( which is calculated by Moving Average or Exponential Smoothing using historical data corresponding only to that season ) to the average demand across all seasons .","An index higher than 1 indicates that demand is higher than average ; an index less than 1 indicates that the demand is less than the average ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Seasonality, in which data experiences regular and predictable changes which recur every calendar year, is the method of forecasting, where averages are used to calculate the seasonal index of the season.","selected_sentences":["Seasonality is a characteristic of a time series in which the data experiences regular and predictable changes which recur every calendar year .","Any predictable change or pattern in a time series that recurs or repeats over a one - year period can be said to be seasonal .","In such situations , the forecasting procedure calculates the seasonal index of the `` season '' -- seven seasons , one for each day -- which is the ratio of the average demand of that season ( which is calculated by Moving Average or Exponential Smoothing using historical data corresponding only to that season ) to the average demand across all seasons ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-1218875241352839456","input":"difference between russian blue and british blue cat","passages":[{"title":"Russian Blue","text":"The coat is known as a `` double coat '' , with the undercoat being soft , downy and equal in length to the guard hairs , which are an even blue with silver tips . However , the tail may have a few very dull , almost unnoticeable stripes . The coat is described as thick , plush and soft to the touch . The feeling is softer than the softest silk . The silver tips give the coat a shimmering appearance . Its eyes are almost always a dark and vivid green . Any white patches of fur or yellow eyes in adulthood are seen as flaws in show cats . Russian Blues should not be confused with British Blues ( which are not a distinct breed , but rather a British Shorthair with a blue coat as the British Shorthair breed itself comes in a wide variety of colors and patterns ) , nor the Chartreux or Korat which are two other naturally occurring breeds of blue cats , although they have similar traits . ","sentences":["The coat is known as a `` double coat '' , with the undercoat being soft , downy and equal in length to the guard hairs , which are an even blue with silver tips .","However , the tail may have a few very dull , almost unnoticeable stripes .","The coat is described as thick , plush and soft to the touch .","The feeling is softer than the softest silk .","The silver tips give the coat a shimmering appearance .","Its eyes are almost always a dark and vivid green .","Any white patches of fur or yellow eyes in adulthood are seen as flaws in show cats .","Russian Blues should not be confused with British Blues ( which are not a distinct breed , but rather a British Shorthair with a blue coat as the British Shorthair breed itself comes in a wide variety of colors and patterns ) , nor the Chartreux or Korat which are two other naturally occurring breeds of blue cats , although they have similar traits ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Russian Blue is with the undercoat being soft, downy and equal in length to the guard hairs, which are an even blue with silver tips, and the tail may have a few very dull, almost unnoticeable stripes. British Blues are not a distinct breed, but rather a British Shorthair with a blue coat as the British Shorthair breed itself comes in a wide variety of colors and patterns.","selected_sentences":["The coat is known as a `` double coat '' , with the undercoat being soft , downy and equal in length to the guard hairs , which are an even blue with silver tips .","However , the tail may have a few very dull , almost unnoticeable stripes .","Russian Blues should not be confused with British Blues ( which are not a distinct breed , but rather a British Shorthair with a blue coat as the British Shorthair breed itself comes in a wide variety of colors and patterns ) , nor the Chartreux or Korat which are two other naturally occurring breeds of blue cats , although they have similar traits ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The Russian Blue cat's coat is known as a `` double coat '' , with the undercoat being soft , downy and equal in length to the guard hairs , which are an even blue with silver tips. The silver tips give the coat a shimmering appearance. Its tail may have a few very dull stripes. Its eyes are almost always a dark and vivid green.\r\nThe British Blue cat is just a British Shorthair with a blue coat.","selected_sentences":["The coat is known as a `` double coat '' , with the undercoat being soft , downy and equal in length to the guard hairs , which are an even blue with silver tips .","However , the tail may have a few very dull , almost unnoticeable stripes .","The silver tips give the coat a shimmering appearance .","Its eyes are almost always a dark and vivid green .","Russian Blues should not be confused with British Blues ( which are not a distinct breed , but rather a British Shorthair with a blue coat as the British Shorthair breed itself comes in a wide variety of colors and patterns ) , nor the Chartreux or Korat which are two other naturally occurring breeds of blue cats , although they have similar traits ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"7812627963583184440","input":"what is the role of the prime minister in canada","passages":[{"title":"Prime Minister of Canada","text":"Because the prime minister is , in practice , the most politically powerful member of the Canadian government , he or she is sometimes erroneously referred to as Canada 's head of state , when , in fact , that post is held by the Canadian monarch , represented by the governor general . The prime minister is , instead , the head of government and is responsible for advising the Crown on how to exercise the Royal Prerogative and its executive powers , which are governed by the constitution and its conventions . However , the function of the prime minister has evolved with increasing power . Today , as per the doctrines of constitutional monarchy , the advice given by the prime minister is ordinarily binding , meaning the prime minister effectively carries out those duties ascribed to the sovereign or governor general , leaving the latter to act in predominantly ceremonial fashions . As such , the prime minister , supported by the Office of the Prime Minister ( PMO ) , controls the appointments of many key figures in Canada 's system of governance , including the governor general , the Cabinet , justices of the Supreme Court , senators , heads of crown corporations , ambassadors to foreign countries , the provincial lieutenant governors , and approximately 3,100 other positions . Further , the prime minister plays a prominent role in the legislative process -- with the majority of bills put before parliament originating in the Cabinet -- and the leadership of the Canadian Armed Forces . William ","sentences":["Because the prime minister is , in practice , the most politically powerful member of the Canadian government , he or she is sometimes erroneously referred to as Canada 's head of state , when , in fact , that post is held by the Canadian monarch , represented by the governor general .","The prime minister is , instead , the head of government and is responsible for advising the Crown on how to exercise the Royal Prerogative and its executive powers , which are governed by the constitution and its conventions .","However , the function of the prime minister has evolved with increasing power .","Today , as per the doctrines of constitutional monarchy , the advice given by the prime minister is ordinarily binding , meaning the prime minister effectively carries out those duties ascribed to the sovereign or governor general , leaving the latter to act in predominantly ceremonial fashions .","As such , the prime minister , supported by the Office of the Prime Minister ( PMO ) , controls the appointments of many key figures in Canada 's system of governance , including the governor general , the Cabinet , justices of the Supreme Court , senators , heads of crown corporations , ambassadors to foreign countries , the provincial lieutenant governors , and approximately 3,100 other positions .","Further , the prime minister plays a prominent role in the legislative process -- with the majority of bills put before parliament originating in the Cabinet -- and the leadership of the Canadian Armed Forces .","William"]}],"output":[{"answer":"Prime Minister of Canada is responsible for advising the Crown on how to exercise the Royal Prerogative and its executive powers. It carries out duties ascribed to the sovereign or governor general, leaving the latter to act in predominantly ceremonial fashions, controls the appointments of many key figures in Canada 's system of governance, and plays a prominent role in the legislative process -- with the majority of bills put before parliament originating in the Cabinet -- and the leadership of the Canadian Armed Forces.","selected_sentences":["The prime minister is , instead , the head of government and is responsible for advising the Crown on how to exercise the Royal Prerogative and its executive powers , which are governed by the constitution and its conventions .","Today , as per the doctrines of constitutional monarchy , the advice given by the prime minister is ordinarily binding , meaning the prime minister effectively carries out those duties ascribed to the sovereign or governor general , leaving the latter to act in predominantly ceremonial fashions .","As such , the prime minister , supported by the Office of the Prime Minister ( PMO ) , controls the appointments of many key figures in Canada 's system of governance , including the governor general , the Cabinet , justices of the Supreme Court , senators , heads of crown corporations , ambassadors to foreign countries , the provincial lieutenant governors , and approximately 3,100 other positions .","Further , the prime minister plays a prominent role in the legislative process -- with the majority of bills put before parliament originating in the Cabinet -- and the leadership of the Canadian Armed Forces ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Prime Minister of Canada is responsible for advising the Crown on how to exercise the Royal Prerogative and its executive powers, carries out duties ascribed to the sovereign or governor general, controls the appointments of many key figures in Canada 's system of governance, and plays a prominent role in the legislative process -- with the majority of bills put before parliament originating in the Cabinet -- and the leadership of the Canadian Armed Forces.","selected_sentences":["The prime minister is , instead , the head of government and is responsible for advising the Crown on how to exercise the Royal Prerogative and its executive powers , which are governed by the constitution and its conventions .","Today , as per the doctrines of constitutional monarchy , the advice given by the prime minister is ordinarily binding , meaning the prime minister effectively carries out those duties ascribed to the sovereign or governor general , leaving the latter to act in predominantly ceremonial fashions .","As such , the prime minister , supported by the Office of the Prime Minister ( PMO ) , controls the appointments of many key figures in Canada 's system of governance , including the governor general , the Cabinet , justices of the Supreme Court , senators , heads of crown corporations , ambassadors to foreign countries , the provincial lieutenant governors , and approximately 3,100 other positions .","Further , the prime minister plays a prominent role in the legislative process -- with the majority of bills put before parliament originating in the Cabinet -- and the leadership of the Canadian Armed Forces ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"1249598914156603825","input":"the latin phrase parens patriae was used to refer to","passages":[{"title":"Parens patriae","text":"Parens patriae is Latin for `` parent of the nation '' ( lit. , `` parent of the fatherland '' ) . In law , it refers to the public policy power of the state to intervene against an abusive or negligent parent , legal guardian , or informal caretaker , and to act as the parent of any child or individual who is in need of protection . For example , some children , incapacitated individuals , and disabled individuals lack parents who are able and willing to render adequate care , thus requiring state intervention . ","sentences":["Parens patriae is Latin for `` parent of the nation '' ( lit.",", `` parent of the fatherland '' ) .","In law , it refers to the public policy power of the state to intervene against an abusive or negligent parent , legal guardian , or informal caretaker , and to act as the parent of any child or individual who is in need of protection .","For example , some children , incapacitated individuals , and disabled individuals lack parents who are able and willing to render adequate care , thus requiring state intervention ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"In law, Latin Parens patriae refers to the public policy power of the state to intervene against an abusive or negligent parent, legal guardian, or informal caretaker, and to act as the parent of any child or individual who is in need of protection.","selected_sentences":["Parens patriae is Latin for `` parent of the nation '' ( lit.","In law , it refers to the public policy power of the state to intervene against an abusive or negligent parent , legal guardian , or informal caretaker , and to act as the parent of any child or individual who is in need of protection ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"7663406429430503589","input":"who were the dadaists and what did they do","passages":[{"title":"Dada","text":"Dada ( \/ \u02c8d\u0251\u02d0d\u0251\u02d0 \/ ) or Dadaism was an art movement of the European avant - garde in the early 20th century , with early centers in Z\u00fcrich , Switzerland at the Cabaret Voltaire ( circa 1916 ) ; New York Dada began circa 1915 , and after 1920 Dada flourished in Paris . Developed in reaction to World War I , the Dada movement consisted of artists who rejected the logic , reason , and aestheticism of modern capitalist society , instead expressing nonsense , irrationality , and anti-bourgeois protest in their works . The art of the movement spanned visual , literary , and sound media , including collage , sound poetry , cut - up writing , and sculpture . Dadaist artists expressed their discontent with violence , war , and nationalism , and maintained political affinities with the radical left . Cover ","sentences":["Dada ( \/ \u02c8d\u0251\u02d0d\u0251\u02d0 \/ ) or Dadaism was an art movement of the European avant - garde in the early 20th century , with early centers in Z\u00fcrich , Switzerland at the Cabaret Voltaire ( circa 1916 ) ; New York Dada began circa 1915 , and after 1920 Dada flourished in Paris .","Developed in reaction to World War I , the Dada movement consisted of artists who rejected the logic , reason , and aestheticism of modern capitalist society , instead expressing nonsense , irrationality , and anti-bourgeois protest in their works .","The art of the movement spanned visual , literary , and sound media , including collage , sound poetry , cut - up writing , and sculpture .","Dadaist artists expressed their discontent with violence , war , and nationalism , and maintained political affinities with the radical left .","Cover"]}],"output":[{"answer":"Dadaist includes artists who rejected the logic, reason, and aestheticism of modern capitalist society, instead expressing nonsense, irrationality, and anti-bourgeois protest in their works. Dadaist artists expressed their discontent with violence, war, and nationalism, and maintained political affinities with the radical left.","selected_sentences":["Developed in reaction to World War I , the Dada movement consisted of artists who rejected the logic , reason , and aestheticism of modern capitalist society , instead expressing nonsense , irrationality , and anti-bourgeois protest in their works .","Dadaist artists expressed their discontent with violence , war , and nationalism , and maintained political affinities with the radical left ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-9025710588846987152","input":"what are the sirens in o brother where art thou","passages":[{"title":"O Brother, Where Art Thou?","text":"Near a river , the group hears singing . They see three women washing clothes and singing . The women drug them with corn whiskey and they lose consciousness . Upon waking , Delmar finds Pete 's clothes lying next to him , empty except for a toad . Delmar is convinced the women were Sirens and transformed Pete into the toad . Later , one - eyed Bible salesman Big Dan Teague invites them for a picnic lunch , then mugs them and kills the toad . ","sentences":["Near a river , the group hears singing .","They see three women washing clothes and singing .","The women drug them with corn whiskey and they lose consciousness .","Upon waking , Delmar finds Pete 's clothes lying next to him , empty except for a toad .","Delmar is convinced the women were Sirens and transformed Pete into the toad .","Later , one - eyed Bible salesman Big Dan Teague invites them for a picnic lunch , then mugs them and kills the toad ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"There are three women washing clothes and singing . Delmar is convinced the women were Sirens.","selected_sentences":["They see three women washing clothes and singing .","Delmar is convinced the women were Sirens and transformed Pete into the toad ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Delmar is convinced three women, who washed clothes, sang, and drugged them with corn whiskey and they lose consciousness, were Sirens.","selected_sentences":["They see three women washing clothes and singing .","The women drug them with corn whiskey and they lose consciousness .","Delmar is convinced the women were Sirens and transformed Pete into the toad ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"303093955824602175","input":"who has played chad dimera on days of our lives","passages":[{"title":"Chad DiMera","text":"Chad DiMera is a fictional character from the original NBC Daytime soap opera , Days of Our Lives . The role was originated by Casey Jon Deidrick on June 19 , 2009 . Deidrick vacated the role in 2013 . Billy Flynn currently portrays the role , making his first appearance on September 12 , 2014 . ","sentences":["Chad DiMera is a fictional character from the original NBC Daytime soap opera , Days of Our Lives .","The role was originated by Casey Jon Deidrick on June 19 , 2009 .","Deidrick vacated the role in 2013 .","Billy Flynn currently portrays the role , making his first appearance on September 12 , 2014 ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The role was originated by Casey Jon Deidrick on June 19, 2009.  Billy Flynn currently portrays the role, making his first appearance on September 12, 2014.","selected_sentences":["The role was originated by Casey Jon Deidrick on June 19 , 2009 .","Billy Flynn currently portrays the role , making his first appearance on September 12 , 2014 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Billy Flynn currently plays the role of Chad DiMera on Days of Our Lives. The role was originated by Casey Jon Deidrick.","selected_sentences":["Chad DiMera is a fictional character from the original NBC Daytime soap opera , Days of Our Lives .","The role was originated by Casey Jon Deidrick on June 19 , 2009 .","Billy Flynn currently portrays the role , making his first appearance on September 12 , 2014 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"5153457465520635701","input":"one of the causes of the german hyperinflationary period that occurred after world war i was","passages":[{"title":"Hyperinflation","text":"By November 1922 , the value in gold of money in circulation had fallen from \u00a3 300 million before World War I to \u00a3 20 million . The Reichsbank responded by the unlimited printing of notes , thereby accelerating the devaluation of the mark . In his report to London , Lord D'Abernon wrote : `` In the whole course of history , no dog has ever run after its own tail with the speed of the Reichsbank . '' Germany went through its worst inflation in 1923 . In 1922 , the highest denomination was 50,000 Marks . By 1923 , the highest denomination was 100,000,000,000,000 ( 10 ) Marks . In December 1923 the exchange rate was 4,200,000,000,000 ( 4.2 \u00d7 10 ) Marks to 1 US dollar . In 1923 , the rate of inflation hit 3.25 \u00d7 10 percent per month ( prices double every two days ) . Beginning on 20 November 1923 , 1,000,000,000,000 old Marks were exchanged for 1 Rentenmark , so that 4.2 Rentenmarks were worth 1 US dollar , exactly the same rate the Mark had in 1914 . ","sentences":["By November 1922 , the value in gold of money in circulation had fallen from \u00a3 300 million before World War I to \u00a3 20 million .","The Reichsbank responded by the unlimited printing of notes , thereby accelerating the devaluation of the mark .","In his report to London , Lord D'Abernon wrote : `` In the whole course of history , no dog has ever run after its own tail with the speed of the Reichsbank . ''","Germany went through its worst inflation in 1923 .","In 1922 , the highest denomination was 50,000 Marks .","By 1923 , the highest denomination was 100,000,000,000,000 ( 10 ) Marks .","In December 1923 the exchange rate was 4,200,000,000,000 ( 4.2 \u00d7 10 ) Marks to 1 US dollar .","In 1923 , the rate of inflation hit 3.25 \u00d7 10 percent per month ( prices double every two days ) .","Beginning on 20 November 1923 , 1,000,000,000,000 old Marks were exchanged for 1 Rentenmark , so that 4.2 Rentenmarks were worth 1 US dollar , exactly the same rate the Mark had in 1914 ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The Reichsbank made unlimited printing of notes, thereby accelerating the devaluation of the mark. Then Germany went through its worst inflation in 1923.","selected_sentences":["The Reichsbank responded by the unlimited printing of notes , thereby accelerating the devaluation of the mark .","Germany went through its worst inflation in 1923 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"1952549940748890096","input":"where is mount logan located on a map","passages":[{"title":"Mount Logan","text":"Mount Logan \/ \u02c8lo\u028a\u0261\u0259n \/ is the highest mountain in Canada and the second - highest peak in North America , after Denali . The mountain was named after Sir William Edmond Logan , a Canadian geologist and founder of the Geological Survey of Canada ( GSC ) . Mount Logan is located within Kluane National Park Reserve in southwestern Yukon , less than 40 kilometres ( 25 mi ) north of the Yukon \/ Alaska border . Mount Logan is the source of the Hubbard and Logan Glaciers . Logan is believed to have the largest base circumference of any non-volcanic mountain on Earth ( a large number of shield volcanoes are much larger in size and mass ) , including a massif with eleven peaks over 5,000 metres ( 16,400 ft ) . ","sentences":["Mount Logan \/ \u02c8lo\u028a\u0261\u0259n \/ is the highest mountain in Canada and the second - highest peak in North America , after Denali .","The mountain was named after Sir William Edmond Logan , a Canadian geologist and founder of the Geological Survey of Canada ( GSC ) .","Mount Logan is located within Kluane National Park Reserve in southwestern Yukon , less than 40 kilometres ( 25 mi ) north of the Yukon \/ Alaska border .","Mount Logan is the source of the Hubbard and Logan Glaciers .","Logan is believed to have the largest base circumference of any non-volcanic mountain on Earth ( a large number of shield volcanoes are much larger in size and mass ) , including a massif with eleven peaks over 5,000 metres ( 16,400 ft ) ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Mount Logan \/ \u02c8lo\u028a\u0261\u0259n \/ is the highest mountain in Canada, and it is located within Kluane National Park Reserve in southwestern Yukon , less than 40 kilometres ( 25 mi ) north of the Yukon \/ Alaska border.","selected_sentences":["Mount Logan \/ \u02c8lo\u028a\u0261\u0259n \/ is the highest mountain in Canada and the second - highest peak in North America , after Denali .","Mount Logan is located within Kluane National Park Reserve in southwestern Yukon , less than 40 kilometres ( 25 mi ) north of the Yukon \/ Alaska border ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Mount Logan is the highest mountain in Canada, and it is located within Kluane National Park Reserve in southwestern Yukon , less than 40 kilometres ( 25 mi ) north of the Yukon \/ Alaska border.","selected_sentences":["Mount Logan \/ \u02c8lo\u028a\u0261\u0259n \/ is the highest mountain in Canada and the second - highest peak in North America , after Denali .","Mount Logan is located within Kluane National Park Reserve in southwestern Yukon , less than 40 kilometres ( 25 mi ) north of the Yukon \/ Alaska border ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"7321027163416439028","input":"who sang the song the reverend mr black","passages":[{"title":"The Reverend Mr. Black","text":"`` The Reverend Mr. Black '' is a 1963 song by Billy Edd Wheeler , Mike Stoller , and Jerry Leiber . The chorus came from the 1931 folk song , `` The Lonesome Valley , '' a version of which appears in the 2000 film , O Brother , Where Art Thou ? . It was recorded by The Kingston Trio in 1963 for their album The Kingston Trio No. 16 and became a top - ten hit for them on the Billboard Hot 100 . Johnny Cash covered the song in 1981 for his album The Baron . ","sentences":["`` The Reverend Mr. Black '' is a 1963 song by Billy Edd Wheeler , Mike Stoller , and Jerry Leiber .","The chorus came from the 1931 folk song , `` The Lonesome Valley , '' a version of which appears in the 2000 film , O Brother , Where Art Thou ? .","It was recorded by The Kingston Trio in 1963 for their album","The Kingston Trio No. 16","and became a top - ten hit for them on the Billboard Hot 100 .","Johnny Cash covered the song in 1981 for his album The Baron ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The Reverend Mr. Black was recorded by The Kingston Trio in 1963 for their album and covered for the album by Johnny Cash The Baron.","selected_sentences":["It was recorded by The Kingston Trio in 1963 for their album","Johnny Cash covered the song in 1981 for his album The Baron ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"6560700610521845615","input":"what is the function of insulin and where is it produced","passages":[{"title":"Insulin","text":"Insulin ( from Latin insula , island ) is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets ; it is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body . It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates , fats and protein by promoting the absorption of , especially glucose from the blood into liver , fat and skeletal muscle cells . In these tissues the absorbed glucose is converted into either glycogen via glycogenesis or fats ( triglycerides ) via lipogenesis , or , in the case of the liver , into both . Glucose production and secretion by the liver is strongly inhibited by high concentrations of insulin in the blood . Circulating insulin also affects the synthesis of proteins in a wide variety of tissues . It is therefore an anabolic hormone , promoting the conversion of small molecules in the blood into large molecules inside the cells . Low insulin levels in the blood have the opposite effect by promoting widespread catabolism , especially of reserve body fat . ","sentences":["Insulin ( from Latin insula , island ) is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets ; it is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body .","It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates , fats and protein by promoting the absorption of , especially glucose from the blood into liver , fat and skeletal muscle cells .","In these tissues the absorbed glucose is converted into either glycogen via glycogenesis or fats ( triglycerides ) via lipogenesis , or , in the case of the liver , into both .","Glucose production and secretion by the liver is strongly inhibited by high concentrations of insulin in the blood .","Circulating insulin also affects the synthesis of proteins in a wide variety of tissues .","It is therefore an anabolic hormone , promoting the conversion of small molecules in the blood into large molecules inside the cells .","Low insulin levels in the blood have the opposite effect by promoting widespread catabolism , especially of reserve body fat ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets.  It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and protein by promoting the absorption of, especially glucose from the blood into liver, fat and skeletal muscle cells.  Glucose production and secretion by the liver is strongly inhibited by high concentrations of insulin in the blood.  Circulating insulin also affects the synthesis of proteins in a wide variety of tissues promoting the conversion of small molecules in the blood into large molecules inside the cells.","selected_sentences":["Insulin ( from Latin insula , island ) is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets ; it is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body .","It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates , fats and protein by promoting the absorption of , especially glucose from the blood into liver , fat and skeletal muscle cells .","Glucose production and secretion by the liver is strongly inhibited by high concentrations of insulin in the blood .","Circulating insulin also affects the synthesis of proteins in a wide variety of tissues .","It is therefore an anabolic hormone , promoting the conversion of small molecules in the blood into large molecules inside the cells ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-2652183708580968768","input":"what is meant by sanctification in the bible","passages":[{"title":"Sanctification","text":"Sanctification is the act or process of acquiring sanctity , of being made or becoming holy . It is a gift given through the power of God to a person or thing which is then considered sacred or set apart in an official capacity within the religion . In general anything from a temple , to vessels , to days of the week , to a human believer who willingly accepts this gift can be sanctified . To sanctify is to literally `` set apart for particular use in a special purpose or work and to make holy or sacred . '' Etymologically , `` sanctify '' derives from the Latin verb sanctificare which in turn derives from sanctus `` holy '' and facere `` to make '' . ","sentences":["Sanctification is the act or process of acquiring sanctity , of being made or becoming holy .","It is a gift given through the power of God to a person or thing which is then considered sacred or set apart in an official capacity within the religion .","In general anything from a temple , to vessels , to days of the week , to a human believer who willingly accepts this gift can be sanctified .","To sanctify is to literally `` set apart for particular use in a special purpose or work and to make holy or sacred . ''","Etymologically , `` sanctify '' derives from the Latin verb sanctificare which in turn derives from sanctus `` holy '' and facere `` to make '' ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Sanctification is the act or process of acquiring sanctity , of being made or becoming holy .\nTo sanctify is to literally `` set apart for particular use in a special purpose or work and to make holy or sacred . ''","selected_sentences":["Sanctification is the act or process of acquiring sanctity , of being made or becoming holy .","To sanctify is to literally `` set apart for particular use in a special purpose or work and to make holy or sacred . ''"],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976,47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-706037731496174088","input":"what is the meaning of grenade by bruno mars","passages":[{"title":"Grenade (song)","text":"Lyrically , the song contains masochistic themes and tells the story of heartbreak caused by a failed relationship : `` Gave you all I had \/ And you tossed it in the trash '' . The chorus has Mars singing , `` I 'd catch a grenade for ya , '' and speaks of unrequited love when the subject girl of his affections `` wo n't do the same '' . Tim Byron , writer for The Vine , `` ' Grenade ' is about the feeling of withdrawal '' . The critic added , `` Mars knows she is bad for him , that 's she 's preventing him from thinking straight , that he ca n't actually have her the way he wants , but he still nonetheless has crazy desires for that rush of romantic cocaine that he gets from her . '' As Mars commented in an interview to Blues & Soul : `` ' Grenade ' represents the OTHER side of love -- where you 're in love with a woman and you know for a fact that she does n't love you the way you love HER . '' ","sentences":["Lyrically , the song contains masochistic themes and tells the story of heartbreak caused by a failed relationship : `` Gave you all I had \/","And you tossed it in the trash '' .","The chorus has Mars singing , `` I 'd catch a grenade for ya , '' and speaks of unrequited love when the subject girl of his affections `` wo n't do the same '' .","Tim Byron , writer for The Vine , `` ' Grenade ' is about the feeling of withdrawal '' .","The critic added , `` Mars knows she is bad for him , that 's she 's preventing him from thinking straight , that he ca n't actually have her the way he wants , but he still nonetheless has crazy desires for that rush of romantic cocaine that he gets from her . ''","As Mars commented in an interview to Blues & Soul : `` ' Grenade ' represents the OTHER side of love -- where you 're in love with a woman and you know for a fact that she does n't love you the way you love HER . ''"]}],"output":[{"answer":"`` ' Grenade ' is about the feeling of withdrawal '' .  It represents the OTHER side of love -- where you 're in love with a woman and you know for a fact that she does n't love you the way you love HER . ''","selected_sentences":["Tim Byron , writer for The Vine , `` ' Grenade ' is about the feeling of withdrawal '' .","As Mars commented in an interview to Blues & Soul : `` ' Grenade ' represents the OTHER side of love -- where you 're in love with a woman and you know for a fact that she does n't love you the way you love HER . ''"],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"1825594767789845231","input":"who wrote capitalism and underdevelopment in latin america","passages":[{"title":"Andre Gunder Frank","text":"Frank was a prolific author , writing 40 books . He published widely on political economy , economic history , international relations , historical sociology , and world history . Perhaps his most notable work is Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America . Published in 1967 , it was one of the formative texts in dependency theory . In his later career he produced works such as ReOrient : Global Economy in the Asian Age and , with Barry Gills , The World System : Five Hundred Years or Five Thousand . Frank 's theories center on the idea that a nation 's economic strength , largely determined by historical circumstances -- especially geography -- dictates its global power . He is also well known for suggesting that purely export oriented solutions to development create imbalances detrimental to poor countries . Frank has made significant contributions to the world - systems theory ( which , according to him , should be rather called the World System one ) . He has argued that a World System was formed no later than in the 4th millennium BC ; his argument contrasts sharply with the scholarly majority who posit beginnings in the `` long 16th century '' ( a position held , for example , by Immanuel Wallerstein ) . Frank also insisted that the idea of numerous `` world - systems '' did not make much sense ( indeed , if there are many `` world - systems '' in the world , then they simply do not deserve to be called `` world - systems '' ) , and we should rather speak about one single World System . ","sentences":["Frank was a prolific author , writing 40 books .","He published widely on political economy , economic history , international relations , historical sociology , and world history .","Perhaps his most notable work is Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America .","Published in 1967 , it was one of the formative texts in dependency theory .","In his later career he produced works such as ReOrient : Global Economy in the Asian Age and , with Barry Gills , The World System : Five Hundred Years or Five Thousand .","Frank 's theories center on the idea that a nation 's economic strength , largely determined by historical circumstances -- especially geography -- dictates its global power .","He is also well known for suggesting that purely export oriented solutions to development create imbalances detrimental to poor countries .","Frank has made significant contributions to the world - systems theory ( which , according to him , should be rather called the World System one ) .","He has argued that a World System was formed no later than in the 4th millennium BC ; his argument contrasts sharply with the scholarly majority who posit beginnings in the `` long 16th century '' ( a position held , for example , by Immanuel Wallerstein ) .","Frank also insisted that the idea of numerous `` world - systems '' did not make much sense ( indeed , if there are many `` world - systems '' in the world , then they simply do not deserve to be called `` world - systems '' ) , and we should rather speak about one single World System ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Frank wrote Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America.","selected_sentences":["Frank was a prolific author , writing 40 books .","Perhaps his most notable work is Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Andre Gunder Frank wrote 40 books, the most notable among which was Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America.","selected_sentences":["Frank was a prolific author , writing 40 books .","Perhaps his most notable work is Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-2277978882346195536","input":"when were books of the new testament written","passages":[{"title":"New Testament","text":"In the 1830s German scholars of the T\u00fcbingen school tried to date the books as late as the 3rd century , but the discovery of some New Testament manuscripts and fragments from the 2nd and 3rd centuries , one of which dates as early as 125 ( Papyrus 52 ) , disproves a 3rd - century date of composition for any book now in the New Testament . Additionally , a letter to the church at Corinth in the name of Clement of Rome in 95 quotes from 10 of the 27 books of the New Testament , and a letter to the church at Philippi in the name of Polycarp in 120 quotes from 16 books . Therefore , some of the books of the New Testament must have been in circulation by the end of the first century . ","sentences":["In the 1830s German scholars of the T\u00fcbingen school tried to date the books as late as the 3rd century , but the discovery of some New Testament manuscripts and fragments from the 2nd and 3rd centuries , one of which dates as early as 125 ( Papyrus 52 ) , disproves a 3rd - century date of composition for any book now in the New Testament .","Additionally , a letter to the church at Corinth in the name of Clement of Rome in 95 quotes from 10 of the 27 books of the New Testament , and a letter to the church at Philippi in the name of Polycarp in 120 quotes from 16 books .","Therefore , some of the books of the New Testament must have been in circulation by the end of the first century ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The discovery of some New Testament manuscripts and fragments from the 2nd and 3rd centuries , one of which dates as early as 125, disproves a 3rd - century date of composition for any book now in the New Testament.  Some of the books of the New Testament must have been in circulation by the end of the first century.","selected_sentences":["In the 1830s German scholars of the T\u00fcbingen school tried to date the books as late as the 3rd century , but the discovery of some New Testament manuscripts and fragments from the 2nd and 3rd centuries , one of which dates as early as 125 ( Papyrus 52 ) , disproves a 3rd - century date of composition for any book now in the New Testament .","Therefore , some of the books of the New Testament must have been in circulation by the end of the first century ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-8400502352454998371","input":"who sings the song fooled around and fell in love","passages":[{"title":"Fooled Around and Fell in Love","text":"`` Fooled Around and Fell in Love '' is a song written and performed by blues guitarist Elvin Bishop . It appeared on his 1975 album Struttin ' My Stuff and was released as a single the following year . Bishop does not sing lead vocals on the track ; feeling that his gravelly voice would n't do the song justice , he invited vocalist Mickey Thomas , who was a background singer in his band at the time , to sing it . The song peaked at # 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in May 1976 . The record was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America on June 23 , 1976 . In Canada , the song reached number 22 on the singles chart and number 8 on the Adult Contemporary chart . The song became a Gold record . ","sentences":["`` Fooled Around and Fell in Love '' is a song written and performed by blues guitarist Elvin Bishop .","It appeared on his 1975 album Struttin ' My Stuff and was released as a single the following year .","Bishop does not sing lead vocals on the track ; feeling that his gravelly voice would n't do the song justice , he invited vocalist Mickey Thomas , who was a background singer in his band at the time , to sing it .","The song peaked at # 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in May 1976 .","The record was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America on June 23 , 1976 .","In Canada , the song reached number 22 on the singles chart and number 8 on the Adult Contemporary chart .","The song became a Gold record ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Mickey Thomas sings Fooled Around and Fell in Love, which performed by blues guitarist Elvin Bishop.","selected_sentences":["`` Fooled Around and Fell in Love '' is a song written and performed by blues guitarist Elvin Bishop .","Bishop does not sing lead vocals on the track ; feeling that his gravelly voice would n't do the song justice , he invited vocalist Mickey Thomas , who was a background singer in his band at the time , to sing it ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Mickey Thomas sang Fooled Around and Fell in Love at the invitation of blues guitarist Elvin Bishop, who wrote and performed the song.","selected_sentences":["`` Fooled Around and Fell in Love '' is a song written and performed by blues guitarist Elvin Bishop .","Bishop does not sing lead vocals on the track ; feeling that his gravelly voice would n't do the song justice , he invited vocalist Mickey Thomas , who was a background singer in his band at the time , to sing it ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-2088358219848335172","input":"how many jurors must agree in order to reach a verdict in a criminal case","passages":[{"title":"Hung jury","text":"Juries in criminal cases are generally , as a rule , required to reach a unanimous verdict , and juries in civil cases typically have to reach a majority on some level . If a defendant has been found guilty of a capital offense , one that could result in the death penalty if the person is eligible , the opinion of the jury must be unanimous if the defendant is to be sentenced to death . Currently , two states , Oregon and Louisiana , do not require unanimous verdicts in criminal cases . Each requires a 10 - 2 majority for conviction , except for capital crimes : Oregon requires at least 11 votes and Louisiana requires all 12 . ","sentences":["Juries in criminal cases are generally , as a rule , required to reach a unanimous verdict , and juries in civil cases typically have to reach a majority on some level .","If a defendant has been found guilty of a capital offense , one that could result in the death penalty if the person is eligible , the opinion of the jury must be unanimous if the defendant is to be sentenced to death .","Currently , two states , Oregon and Louisiana , do not require unanimous verdicts in criminal cases .","Each requires a 10 - 2 majority for conviction , except for capital crimes : Oregon requires at least 11 votes and Louisiana requires all 12 ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Juries in criminal cases are generally required to reach a unanimous verdict.  For a capital offense, the opinion of the jury must be unanimous if the defendant is to be sentenced to death, except Oregon and Louisiana where a 10 - 2 majority for criminal cases and at least 11 votes in Oregon and all 12 in Louisiana are required for a capital offense.","selected_sentences":["Juries in criminal cases are generally , as a rule , required to reach a unanimous verdict , and juries in civil cases typically have to reach a majority on some level .","Currently , two states , Oregon and Louisiana , do not require unanimous verdicts in criminal cases .","Each requires a 10 - 2 majority for conviction , except for capital crimes : Oregon requires at least 11 votes and Louisiana requires all 12 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-2799979436905626723","input":"how did the horse latitudes get their name","passages":[{"title":"Horse latitudes","text":"A likely and documented explanation is that the term is derived from the `` dead horse '' ritual of seamen ( see Beating a dead horse ) . In this practice , the seaman paraded a straw - stuffed effigy of a horse around the deck before throwing it overboard . Seamen were paid partly in advance before a long voyage , and they frequently spent their pay all at once , resulting in a period of time without income . If they got advances from the ship 's paymaster , they would incur debt . This period was called the `` dead horse '' time , and it usually lasted a month or two . The seaman 's ceremony was to celebrate having worked off the `` dead horse '' debt . As west - bound shipping from Europe usually reached the subtropics at about the time the `` dead horse '' was worked off , the latitude became associated with the ceremony . ","sentences":["A likely and documented explanation is that the term is derived from the `` dead horse '' ritual of seamen ( see Beating a dead horse ) .","In this practice , the seaman paraded a straw - stuffed effigy of a horse around the deck before throwing it overboard .","Seamen were paid partly in advance before a long voyage , and they frequently spent their pay all at once , resulting in a period of time without income .","If they got advances from the ship 's paymaster , they would incur debt .","This period was called the `` dead horse '' time , and it usually lasted a month or two .","The seaman 's ceremony was to celebrate having worked off the `` dead horse '' debt .","As west - bound shipping from Europe usually reached the subtropics at about the time the `` dead horse '' was worked off , the latitude became associated with the ceremony ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"A likely and documented explanation is that the term is derived from the `` dead horse '' ritual of seamen.\n Seamen were paid partly in advance before a long voyage , and they frequently spent their pay all at once , resulting in a period of time without income, which was called \"dead horse\" time .\nWhen west - bound shipping from Europe usually reached the subtropics at about the time the `` dead horse '' was worked off , the latitude became associated with the ceremony .","selected_sentences":["A likely and documented explanation is that the term is derived from the `` dead horse '' ritual of seamen ( see Beating a dead horse ) .","Seamen were paid partly in advance before a long voyage , and they frequently spent their pay all at once , resulting in a period of time without income .","As west - bound shipping from Europe usually reached the subtropics at about the time the `` dead horse '' was worked off , the latitude became associated with the ceremony ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"A likely and documented explanation is that Horse latitudes is derived from the `` dead horse '' ritual of seamen ( see Beating a dead horse ).","selected_sentences":["A likely and documented explanation is that the term is derived from the `` dead horse '' ritual of seamen ( see Beating a dead horse ) ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-5334327453087093295","input":"what part of london is the o2 arena in","passages":[{"title":"The O2","text":"The O2 is a large entertainment district on the Greenwich peninsula in South East London , England , including an indoor arena , a music club , a Cineworld cinema , an exhibition space , piazzas , bars and restaurants . It was built largely within the former Millennium Dome , a large dome - shaped canopy built to house an exhibition celebrating the turn of the third millennium ; consequently The Dome remains a name in common usage for the venue . It is sometimes referred to as The O2 Arena , but that name properly refers to a smaller indoor arena within The O2 . Naming rights to the district were purchased by the mobile telephone provider O2 from its developers , Anschutz Entertainment Group ( AEG ) , during the development of the district . AEG owns the long - term lease on the O2 Arena and surrounding leisure space . ","sentences":["The O2 is a large entertainment district on the Greenwich peninsula in South East London , England , including an indoor arena , a music club , a Cineworld cinema , an exhibition space , piazzas , bars and restaurants .","It was built largely within the former Millennium Dome , a large dome - shaped canopy built to house an exhibition celebrating the turn of the third millennium ; consequently The Dome remains a name in common usage for the venue .","It is sometimes referred to as The O2 Arena , but that name properly refers to a smaller indoor arena within The O2 .","Naming rights to the district were purchased by the mobile telephone provider O2 from its developers , Anschutz Entertainment Group ( AEG ) , during the development of the district .","AEG owns the long - term lease on the O2 Arena and surrounding leisure space ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The O2 Arena is on the Greenwich peninsula in Southeast London, England.","selected_sentences":["The O2 is a large entertainment district on the Greenwich peninsula in South East London , England , including an indoor arena , a music club , a Cineworld cinema , an exhibition space , piazzas , bars and restaurants .","It is sometimes referred to as The O2 Arena , but that name properly refers to a smaller indoor arena within The O2 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"4676002274784316434","input":"how does myelin sheath help the nervous system","passages":[{"title":"Myelin","text":"The main purpose of a myelin sheath is to increase the speed at which impulses propagate along the myelinated fiber . Along unmyelinated fibers , impulses continuously move as waves , but , in myelinated fibers , they `` hop '' or propagate by saltatory conduction . Myelin decreases capacitance and increases electrical resistance across the cell membrane ( the axolemma ) . Thus , myelination prevents the electric current from leaving the axon . It has been suggested that myelin permits larger body size by maintaining agile communication between distant body parts . ","sentences":["The main purpose of a myelin sheath is to increase the speed at which impulses propagate along the myelinated fiber .","Along unmyelinated fibers , impulses continuously move as waves , but , in myelinated fibers , they `` hop '' or propagate by saltatory conduction .","Myelin decreases capacitance and increases electrical resistance across the cell membrane ( the axolemma ) .","Thus , myelination prevents the electric current from leaving the axon .","It has been suggested that myelin permits larger body size by maintaining agile communication between distant body parts ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The main purpose of a myelin sheath is to increase the speed at which impulses propagate along the myelinated fiber. Myelin decreases capacitance and increases electrical resistance across the cell membrane (the axolemma). Thus , myelination prevents the electric current from leaving the axon, and it permits larger body size by maintaining agile communication between distant body parts.","selected_sentences":["The main purpose of a myelin sheath is to increase the speed at which impulses propagate along the myelinated fiber .","Myelin decreases capacitance and increases electrical resistance across the cell membrane ( the axolemma ) .","Thus , myelination prevents the electric current from leaving the axon .","It has been suggested that myelin permits larger body size by maintaining agile communication between distant body parts ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-6386286690559682770","input":"which sport awards the oldest trophy in international sports","passages":[{"title":"America's Cup","text":"The America 's Cup , affectionately known as the `` Auld Mug '' , is a trophy awarded to the winner of the America 's Cup match races between two sailing yachts . One yacht , known as the defender , represents the yacht club that currently holds the America 's Cup and the second yacht , known as the challenger , represents the yacht club that is challenging for the cup . The timing of each match is determined by an agreement between the defender and the challenger . The America 's Cup is the oldest international sporting trophy . It will next be raced for in the southern summer , in the early part of 2021 . ","sentences":["The America 's Cup , affectionately known as the `` Auld Mug '' , is a trophy awarded to the winner of the America 's Cup match races between two sailing yachts .","One yacht , known as the defender , represents the yacht club that currently holds the America 's Cup and the second yacht , known as the challenger , represents the yacht club that is challenging for the cup .","The timing of each match is determined by an agreement between the defender and the challenger .","The America 's Cup is the oldest international sporting trophy .","It will next be raced for in the southern summer , in the early part of 2021 ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The America 's Cup is the oldest international sporting trophy awarded to the winner of the America 's Cup match races between two sailing yachts.","selected_sentences":["The America 's Cup , affectionately known as the `` Auld Mug '' , is a trophy awarded to the winner of the America 's Cup match races between two sailing yachts .","The America 's Cup is the oldest international sporting trophy ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"4988326746697423597","input":"where is the original london bridge now located","passages":[{"title":"London Bridge (Lake Havasu City)","text":"London Bridge is a bridge in Lake Havasu City , Arizona . It was built in the 1830s and formerly spanned the River Thames in London , England . It was dismantled in 1967 and relocated to Arizona . The Arizona bridge is a reinforced concrete structure clad in the original masonry of the 1830s bridge , which was purchased by Robert P. McCulloch from the City of London . McCulloch had exterior granite blocks from the original bridge numbered and transported to America to construct the present bridge in Lake Havasu City , a planned community he established in 1964 on the shore of Lake Havasu . The bridge was completed in 1971 ( along with a canal ) , and links an island in the Colorado River with the main part of Lake Havasu City . The song `` London Bridge is Falling Down '' is a nursery rhyme that predates the bridge 's original 19th - century construction . ","sentences":["London Bridge is a bridge in Lake Havasu City , Arizona .","It was built in the 1830s and formerly spanned the River Thames in London , England .","It was dismantled in 1967 and relocated to Arizona .","The Arizona bridge is a reinforced concrete structure clad in the original masonry of the 1830s bridge , which was purchased by Robert P. McCulloch from the City of London .","McCulloch had exterior granite blocks from the original bridge numbered and transported to America to construct the present bridge in Lake Havasu City , a planned community he established in 1964 on the shore of Lake Havasu .","The bridge was completed in 1971 ( along with a canal ) , and links an island in the Colorado River with the main part of Lake Havasu City .","The song `` London Bridge is Falling Down '' is a nursery rhyme that predates the bridge 's original 19th - century construction ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"London Bridge is in Lake Havasu City, Arizona now.","selected_sentences":["London Bridge is a bridge in Lake Havasu City , Arizona .","It was dismantled in 1967 and relocated to Arizona ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"London Bridge was dismantled in 1967 and relocated to Lake Havasu City, Arizona.","selected_sentences":["London Bridge is a bridge in Lake Havasu City , Arizona .","It was dismantled in 1967 and relocated to Arizona ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-1683156601593628060","input":"where does the term cherry picker come from","passages":[{"title":"Cherry picking","text":"The term is based on the perceived process of harvesting fruit , such as cherries . The picker would be expected to only select the ripest and healthiest fruits . An observer who only sees the selected fruit may thus wrongly conclude that most , or even all , of the tree 's fruit is in a likewise good condition . This can also give a false impression of the quality of the fruit ( since it is only a sample and is not a representative sample ) . ","sentences":["The term is based on the perceived process of harvesting fruit , such as cherries .","The picker would be expected to only select the ripest and healthiest fruits .","An observer who only sees the selected fruit may thus wrongly conclude that most , or even all , of the tree 's fruit is in a likewise good condition .","This can also give a false impression of the quality of the fruit ( since it is only a sample and is not a representative sample ) ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The term is based on the perceived process of harvesting fruit, the picker would be expected to only select the ripest and healthiest fruits . This can also give a false impression of the quality of the fruit, since it is only a sample and is not a representative sample.","selected_sentences":["The term is based on the perceived process of harvesting fruit , such as cherries .","The picker would be expected to only select the ripest and healthiest fruits .","This can also give a false impression of the quality of the fruit ( since it is only a sample and is not a representative sample ) ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The term is based on the perceived process of harvesting fruit, such as cherries.","selected_sentences":["The term is based on the perceived process of harvesting fruit , such as cherries ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"8069008391649164179","input":"who owns the rights to popeye the sailor","passages":[{"title":"Popeye","text":"On January 1 , 2009 , 70 years since the death of his creator , Segar 's character of Popeye ( though not the various films , TV shows , theme music and other media based on him ) became public domain in most countries , but remains under copyright in the United States . Because Segar was an employee of King Features Syndicate when he created the Popeye character for the company 's Thimble Theatre strip , Popeye is treated as a work for hire under U.S. copyright law . Works for hire are protected for 95 years from publication or 120 years from creation , whichever is shorter . Since Popeye made his first appearance in January 1929 , and all U.S. copyrights expire on December 31 of the year that the term ends , Popeye will enter the public domain in the U.S. on January 1 , 2025 , assuming no amendments to U.S. copyright law before that date . ","sentences":["On January 1 , 2009 , 70 years since the death of his creator , Segar 's character of Popeye ( though not the various films , TV shows , theme music and other media based on him ) became public domain in most countries , but remains under copyright in the United States .","Because Segar was an employee of King Features Syndicate when he created the Popeye character for the company 's Thimble Theatre strip , Popeye is treated as a work for hire under U.S. copyright law .","Works for hire are protected for 95 years from publication or 120 years from creation , whichever is shorter .","Since Popeye made his first appearance in January 1929 , and all U.S. copyrights expire on December 31 of the year that the term ends , Popeye will enter the public domain in the U.S. on January 1 , 2025 , assuming no amendments to U.S. copyright law before that date ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"On January 1, 2009, Popeye became public domain in most countries, but remains under copyright in the United States. Popeye will enter the public domain in the U.S. on January 1, 2025.","selected_sentences":["On January 1 , 2009 , 70 years since the death of his creator , Segar 's character of Popeye ( though not the various films , TV shows , theme music and other media based on him ) became public domain in most countries , but remains under copyright in the United States .","Since Popeye made his first appearance in January 1929 , and all U.S. copyrights expire on December 31 of the year that the term ends , Popeye will enter the public domain in the U.S. on January 1 , 2025 , assuming no amendments to U.S. copyright law before that date ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"On January 1, 2009, Popeye - created by Segar - became public domain in most countries, but remains under copyright in the United States because Segar was an employee of King Features Syndicate when Popeye was created making it a work for hire under U.S. copyright law . Popeye will enter the public domain in the U.S. on January 1, 2025.","selected_sentences":["On January 1 , 2009 , 70 years since the death of his creator , Segar 's character of Popeye ( though not the various films , TV shows , theme music and other media based on him ) became public domain in most countries , but remains under copyright in the United States .","Because Segar was an employee of King Features Syndicate when he created the Popeye character for the company 's Thimble Theatre strip , Popeye is treated as a work for hire under U.S. copyright law .","Since Popeye made his first appearance in January 1929 , and all U.S. copyrights expire on December 31 of the year that the term ends , Popeye will enter the public domain in the U.S. on January 1 , 2025 , assuming no amendments to U.S. copyright law before that date ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-5352303832848103685","input":"what is the real name of jethalal in taarak mehta ka ooltah chashmah","passages":[{"title":"Dilip Joshi","text":"Dilip Joshi is an Indian film and television actor . He has appeared in a number of serials as well as films . He acts mostly in comedy and is currently playing the role of Jethalal Champaklal Gada in Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah . ","sentences":["Dilip Joshi is an Indian film and television actor .","He has appeared in a number of serials as well as films .","He acts mostly in comedy and is currently playing the role of Jethalal Champaklal Gada in Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Dilip Joshi is an Indian film and television actor, acts mostly in comedy and is currently playing the role of Jethalal Champaklal Gada in Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah.","selected_sentences":["Dilip Joshi is an Indian film and television actor .","He acts mostly in comedy and is currently playing the role of Jethalal Champaklal Gada in Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"7012260037231457401","input":"what was agenda 21 of earth summit of rio de janeiro","passages":[{"title":"Agenda 21","text":"Agenda 21 is a non-binding , action plan of the United Nations with regard to sustainable development . It is a product of the Earth Summit ( UN Conference on Environment and Development ) held in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , in 1992 . It is an action agenda for the UN , other multilateral organizations , and individual governments around the world that can be executed at local , national , and global levels . ","sentences":["Agenda 21 is a non-binding , action plan of the United Nations with regard to sustainable development .","It is a product of the Earth Summit ( UN Conference on Environment and Development ) held in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , in 1992 .","It is an action agenda for the UN , other multilateral organizations , and individual governments around the world that can be executed at local , national , and global levels ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Agenda 21 is a non-binding action plan of the United Nations with regard to sustainable development.  It is an action agenda for the UN, other multilateral organizations, and individual governments around the world that can be executed at local, national, and global levels.","selected_sentences":["Agenda 21 is a non-binding , action plan of the United Nations with regard to sustainable development .","It is an action agenda for the UN , other multilateral organizations , and individual governments around the world that can be executed at local , national , and global levels ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-3630668852329184957","input":"who takes photos of planes in the air","passages":[{"title":"Aviation photography","text":"Air - to - air photography is the art of photographing aircraft in the air , while using another aircraft as a photo platform . The subject aircraft is photographed while both aircraft are in flight . This allows the photographer to position the subject in specific locations and angles to get the most desirable shot . Some things that must be considered to achieve best results are lighting and background . Proper lighting is achieved through correct placement of the aircraft relative to the sun , and is accomplished flying only at certain times of the day and \/ or by flying at a heading that lines the sun up on the subject aircraft properly . The background can highlight or distract from the subject and must be carefully considered when taking shots . Air - to - air photography uses include commercial use and advertising . Remote ","sentences":["Air - to - air photography is the art of photographing aircraft in the air , while using another aircraft as a photo platform .","The subject aircraft is photographed while both aircraft are in flight .","This allows the photographer to position the subject in specific locations and angles to get the most desirable shot .","Some things that must be considered to achieve best results are lighting and background .","Proper lighting is achieved through correct placement of the aircraft relative to the sun , and is accomplished flying only at certain times of the day and \/ or by flying at a heading that lines the sun up on the subject aircraft properly .","The background can highlight or distract from the subject and must be carefully considered when taking shots .","Air - to - air photography uses include commercial use and advertising .","Remote"]}],"output":[{"answer":"Air - to - air photography is the art of photographing aircraft in the air , while using another aircraft as a photo platform . It can be used for commercial use and advertising .","selected_sentences":["Air - to - air photography is the art of photographing aircraft in the air , while using another aircraft as a photo platform .","Air - to - air photography uses include commercial use and advertising ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46994197],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Air - to - air photography is the art of photographing aircraft in the air, while using another aircraft as a photo platform.  The subject aircraft is photographed while both aircraft are in flight.","selected_sentences":["Air - to - air photography is the art of photographing aircraft in the air , while using another aircraft as a photo platform .","The subject aircraft is photographed while both aircraft are in flight ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"147778680095892610","input":"who bought the old london bridge and where is it now","passages":[{"title":"London Bridge (Lake Havasu City)","text":"London Bridge is a bridge in Lake Havasu City , Arizona . It was built in the 1830s and formerly spanned the River Thames in London , England . It was dismantled in 1967 and relocated to Arizona . The Arizona bridge is a reinforced concrete structure clad in the original masonry of the 1830s bridge , which was purchased by Robert P. McCulloch from the City of London . McCulloch had exterior granite blocks from the original bridge numbered and transported to America to construct the present bridge in Lake Havasu City , a planned community he established in 1964 on the shore of Lake Havasu . The bridge was completed in 1971 ( along with a canal ) , and links an island in the Colorado River with the main part of Lake Havasu City . ","sentences":["London Bridge is a bridge in Lake Havasu City , Arizona .","It was built in the 1830s and formerly spanned the River Thames in London , England .","It was dismantled in 1967 and relocated to Arizona .","The Arizona bridge is a reinforced concrete structure clad in the original masonry of the 1830s bridge , which was purchased by Robert P. McCulloch from the City of London .","McCulloch had exterior granite blocks from the original bridge numbered and transported to America to construct the present bridge in Lake Havasu City , a planned community he established in 1964 on the shore of Lake Havasu .","The bridge was completed in 1971 ( along with a canal ) , and links an island in the Colorado River with the main part of Lake Havasu City ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The old London Bridge was purchased by Robert P. McCulloch and relocated to Lake Havasu City, Arizona, linking an island in the Colorado River with the main part of the city.","selected_sentences":["London Bridge is a bridge in Lake Havasu City , Arizona .","It was dismantled in 1967 and relocated to Arizona .","The Arizona bridge is a reinforced concrete structure clad in the original masonry of the 1830s bridge , which was purchased by Robert P. McCulloch from the City of London .","McCulloch had exterior granite blocks from the original bridge numbered and transported to America to construct the present bridge in Lake Havasu City , a planned community he established in 1964 on the shore of Lake Havasu .","The bridge was completed in 1971 ( along with a canal ) , and links an island in the Colorado River with the main part of Lake Havasu City ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"7287786402792448843","input":"what is the function of the sensory system in the nervous system","passages":[{"title":"Sensory nervous system","text":"The sensory nervous system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information . A sensory system consists of sensory neurons ( including the sensory receptor cells ) , neural pathways , and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception . Commonly recognized sensory systems are those for vision , hearing , touch , taste , smell , and balance . In short , senses are transducers from the physical world to the realm of the mind where we interpret the information , creating our perception of the world around us . ","sentences":["The sensory nervous system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information .","A sensory system consists of sensory neurons ( including the sensory receptor cells ) , neural pathways , and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception .","Commonly recognized sensory systems are those for vision , hearing , touch , taste , smell , and balance .","In short , senses are transducers from the physical world to the realm of the mind where we interpret the information , creating our perception of the world around us ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The sensory nervous system is a part of the nervous system that processes sensory information .\nSensory systems are those for vision , hearing , touch , taste , smell , and balance .","selected_sentences":["The sensory nervous system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information .","Commonly recognized sensory systems are those for vision , hearing , touch , taste , smell , and balance ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-3135281716449062067","input":"where did the movie safe haven take place","passages":[{"title":"Safe Haven (film)","text":"A frightened woman ( Julianne Hough ) flees her house in Boston , holding a bloody knife . After taking shelter with a neighbor , she is shown moments later at the bus station trying to flee town . She buys a bus ticket with her hair now cropped and bleached and stops in the small town of Southport , North Carolina . At the general store , she introduces herself as Katie Feldman . After acquiring a job as a waitress and renting a small house on the edge of town , Katie befriends her neighbor , Jo ( Cobie Smulders ) and meets Alex Wheatley ( Josh Duhamel ) , a widowed father of two young children , Josh ( Noah Lomax ) and Lexie ( Mimi Kirkland ) , who operates the local general store and gives Katie a bicycle so she wo n't have to walk . ","sentences":["A frightened woman ( Julianne Hough ) flees her house in Boston , holding a bloody knife .","After taking shelter with a neighbor , she is shown moments later at the bus station trying to flee town .","She buys a bus ticket with her hair now cropped and bleached and stops in the small town of Southport , North Carolina .","At the general store , she introduces herself as Katie Feldman .","After acquiring a job as a waitress and renting a small house on the edge of town , Katie befriends her neighbor , Jo ( Cobie Smulders ) and meets Alex Wheatley ( Josh Duhamel ) , a widowed father of two young children , Josh ( Noah Lomax ) and Lexie ( Mimi Kirkland ) , who operates the local general store and gives Katie a bicycle so she wo n't have to walk ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Safe Haven took place in Boston and the small town of Southport, North Carolina.","selected_sentences":["A frightened woman ( Julianne Hough ) flees her house in Boston , holding a bloody knife .","She buys a bus ticket with her hair now cropped and bleached and stops in the small town of Southport , North Carolina ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-6108171001798735768","input":"where does manners maketh the man come from","passages":[{"title":"William Horman","text":"The Vulgaria draws from a variety of sources , for example including the saying `` It does no good for all truth to be told nor all wrong imputed '' derived from the Old English Durham Proverbs . Another example of a proverb to be translated is `` Somtyme of a myshappe cometh a good turne '' . The proverb `` necessity is the mother of invention '' appears , perhaps for the first time in English , translated as `` Mater artium necessitas '' . Other sayings included the advice not to `` offereth a candell to the deuyll '' , to remember that `` many a ragged colt proued to a good horse '' , `` it is better a chylde unborne than untaught '' , `` manners maketh man '' and `` one scabbed shepe marreth a hole flocke '' . `` That the whiche muste be wyll be '' reflects the Spanish `` Que Sera , Sera '' . The book gives practical advice . `` At a soden shyfte leere ( empty ) barellis , tyed together , with boardis above , make passage over a streme '' . He says that alleys in gardens , covered with vines , `` do great pleasure with the shadow in parchynge heat , and clusters of grapis maketh a pleasant walkynge alley '' . ","sentences":["The Vulgaria draws from a variety of sources , for example including the saying `` It does no good for all truth to be told nor all wrong imputed '' derived from the Old English Durham Proverbs .","Another example of a proverb to be translated is `` Somtyme of a myshappe cometh a good turne '' .","The proverb `` necessity is the mother of invention '' appears , perhaps for the first time in English , translated as `` Mater artium necessitas '' .","Other sayings included the advice not to `` offereth a candell to the deuyll '' , to remember that `` many a ragged colt proued to a good horse '' , `` it is better a chylde unborne than untaught '' , `` manners maketh man '' and `` one scabbed shepe marreth a hole flocke '' .","`` That the whiche muste be wyll be '' reflects the Spanish `` Que Sera , Sera '' .","The book gives practical advice .","`` At a soden shyfte leere ( empty ) barellis , tyed together , with boardis above , make passage over a streme '' .","He says that alleys in gardens , covered with vines , `` do great pleasure with the shadow in parchynge heat , and clusters of grapis maketh a pleasant walkynge alley '' ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"`` Manners maketh man ' derives from a variety of the Old English Proverbs written by William Horman.","selected_sentences":["The Vulgaria draws from a variety of sources , for example including the saying `` It does no good for all truth to be told nor all wrong imputed '' derived from the Old English Durham Proverbs .","Other sayings included the advice not to `` offereth a candell to the deuyll '' , to remember that `` many a ragged colt proued to a good horse '' , `` it is better a chylde unborne than untaught '' , `` manners maketh man '' and `` one scabbed shepe marreth a hole flocke '' ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"\"Manners maketh man\" is included in the book \"The Vulgaria\" written by William Horman.  It derives from a variety of the Old English Proverbs.","selected_sentences":["The Vulgaria draws from a variety of sources , for example including the saying `` It does no good for all truth to be told nor all wrong imputed '' derived from the Old English Durham Proverbs .","Other sayings included the advice not to `` offereth a candell to the deuyll '' , to remember that `` many a ragged colt proued to a good horse '' , `` it is better a chylde unborne than untaught '' , `` manners maketh man '' and `` one scabbed shepe marreth a hole flocke '' ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"564840272417677889","input":"when does quinn get out of the wheelchair","passages":[{"title":"Quinn Fabray","text":"Quinn 's car accident has left her in a wheelchair , suffering from a severely compressed spine . By `` Prom - asaurus '' she is able to stand and to walk a few steps in the sessions . When Quinn is nominated for prom queen , Finn agrees to campaign with her , but is outraged when he discovers that she has been hiding the fact that she can now stand for the sympathy vote . When Quinn and Santana count the votes , they discover that Finn has won and so has Quinn . Quinn realizes that the victory means nothing . She and Santana falsely report the prom queen results as a write - in victory for Rachel . Her recovery is rapid enough to allow her to dance in the `` Nationals '' competition episode , which New Directions wins . Quinn helps Puck study for the test he needs to pass in order to graduate . She tells him that with all they went through , they are bonded for life , and she kisses him . Emboldened , Puck passes his test . Later , Quinn returns her cheerleading uniform to Sue , and the two have a tearful farewell . ","sentences":["Quinn 's car accident has left her in a wheelchair , suffering from a severely compressed spine .","By `` Prom - asaurus '' she is able to stand and to walk a few steps in the sessions .","When Quinn is nominated for prom queen , Finn agrees to campaign with her , but is outraged when he discovers that she has been hiding the fact that she can now stand for the sympathy vote .","When Quinn and Santana count the votes , they discover that Finn has won and so has Quinn .","Quinn realizes that the victory means nothing .","She and Santana falsely report the prom queen results as a write - in victory for Rachel .","Her recovery is rapid enough to allow her to dance in the `` Nationals '' competition episode , which New Directions wins .","Quinn helps Puck study for the test he needs to pass in order to graduate .","She tells him that with all they went through , they are bonded for life , and she kisses him .","Emboldened , Puck passes his test .","Later , Quinn returns her cheerleading uniform to Sue , and the two have a tearful farewell ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"By `` Prom - asaurus '' she is able to stand and to walk a few steps in the sessions. Her recovery is rapid enough to allow her to dance in the `` Nationals '' competition episode , which New Directions wins.","selected_sentences":["By `` Prom - asaurus '' she is able to stand and to walk a few steps in the sessions .","Her recovery is rapid enough to allow her to dance in the `` Nationals '' competition episode , which New Directions wins ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"2467726430222210965","input":"where did the shape of numbers come from","passages":[{"title":"Arabic numerals","text":"Arabic numerals , also called Hindu -- Arabic numerals , are the ten digits : 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , based on the Hindu -- Arabic numeral system , the most common system for the symbolic representation of numbers in the world today . In this numeral system , a sequence of digits such as `` 975 '' is read as a single number , using the position of the digit in the sequence to interpret its value . They are descended from the Hindu - Arabic numeral system developed by ancient Indian mathematicians around 500 CE . ","sentences":["Arabic numerals , also called Hindu -- Arabic numerals , are the ten digits : 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , based on the Hindu -- Arabic numeral system , the most common system for the symbolic representation of numbers in the world today .","In this numeral system , a sequence of digits such as `` 975 '' is read as a single number , using the position of the digit in the sequence to interpret its value .","They are descended from the Hindu - Arabic numeral system developed by ancient Indian mathematicians around 500 CE ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Arabic numerals , also called Hindu -- Arabic numerals , are the ten digits : 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , based on the Hindu -- Arabic numeral system. They are descended from the Hindu - Arabic numeral system developed by ancient Indian mathematicians around 500 CE .","selected_sentences":["Arabic numerals , also called Hindu -- Arabic numerals , are the ten digits : 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , based on the Hindu -- Arabic numeral system , the most common system for the symbolic representation of numbers in the world today .","They are descended from the Hindu - Arabic numeral system developed by ancient Indian mathematicians around 500 CE ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-7090705350443894352","input":"how many ots are there in the nfl","passages":[{"title":"American football rules","text":"If a game is tied at the end of four quarters , overtime is played . In overtime , the coin is tossed to determine which team will possess the ball first . The winner of the coin toss can choose to give the ball or receive the ball . If the first possession results in a field goal , the other team is given possession to match or better the field goal ; therefore continuing the game . If the first possession results in a touchdown or safety , the scoring team wins . During the regular season in the NFL , one overtime period is played ( with each team receiving two time outs ) . If both teams are tied after the 10 - minute overtime , the game officially ends in a tie . In the playoffs , 15 - minute overtime periods continue until a winner is determined . Overtime follows after a three - minute intermission following the end of the regulation game . Prior to start of overtime , a coin flip is performed where the captain of the visiting team calls the toss . The team that wins the coin flip has the option to either receive the kickoff or choose the side of the field they wish to defend . Ties are rare in the NFL ; a game between the Minnesota Vikings and Green Bay Packers on September 16 , 2018 ended in a 29 -- all draw . The previous occurrence was one week earlier , on September 9 , 2018 . ","sentences":["If a game is tied at the end of four quarters , overtime is played .","In overtime , the coin is tossed to determine which team will possess the ball first .","The winner of the coin toss can choose to give the ball or receive the ball .","If the first possession results in a field goal , the other team is given possession to match or better the field goal ; therefore continuing the game .","If the first possession results in a touchdown or safety , the scoring team wins .","During the regular season in the NFL , one overtime period is played ( with each team receiving two time outs ) .","If both teams are tied after the 10 - minute overtime , the game officially ends in a tie .","In the playoffs , 15 - minute overtime periods continue until a winner is determined .","Overtime follows after a three - minute intermission following the end of the regulation game .","Prior to start of overtime , a coin flip is performed where the captain of the visiting team calls the toss .","The team that wins the coin flip has the option to either receive the kickoff or choose the side of the field they wish to defend .","Ties are rare in the NFL ; a game between the Minnesota Vikings and Green Bay Packers on September 16 , 2018 ended in a 29 -- all draw .","The previous occurrence was one week earlier , on September 9 , 2018 ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"During the regular season in the NFL , only one overtime period is played, whereas in the playoffs , 15 - minute overtime periods continue until a winner is determined .","selected_sentences":["During the regular season in the NFL , one overtime period is played ( with each team receiving two time outs ) .","In the playoffs , 15 - minute overtime periods continue until a winner is determined ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"5940116972435933830","input":"when do you need to blind bake pastry","passages":[{"title":"Blind-baking","text":"Baking blind ( sometimes called pre-baking ) is the process of baking a pie crust or other pastry without the filling . Blind baking a pie crust is necessary when it will be filled with an unbaked filling ( such as with pudding or cream pies ) , in which case the crust must be fully baked . It is also called for if the filling has a shorter bake time than the crust , in which case the crust is partly baked . Blind baking is also used to keep pie crust from becoming soggy due to a wet filling . A ","sentences":["Baking blind ( sometimes called pre-baking ) is the process of baking a pie crust or other pastry without the filling .","Blind baking a pie crust is necessary when it will be filled with an unbaked filling ( such as with pudding or cream pies ) , in which case the crust must be fully baked .","It is also called for if the filling has a shorter bake time than the crust , in which case the crust is partly baked .","Blind baking is also used to keep pie crust from becoming soggy due to a wet filling .","A"]}],"output":[{"answer":"Blind baking a pie crust is necessary when it will be filled with an unbaked or wet filling, in which case the crust must be fully baked to keep from becoming soggy.","selected_sentences":["Blind baking a pie crust is necessary when it will be filled with an unbaked filling ( such as with pudding or cream pies ) , in which case the crust must be fully baked .","Blind baking is also used to keep pie crust from becoming soggy due to a wet filling ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Blind baking a pie crust is necessary when it will be filled with an unbaked filling such as with pudding or cream pies or filled with wet filling to keep pie crust from becoming soggy.  It is also called for if the filling has a shorter bake time than the crust.","selected_sentences":["Blind baking a pie crust is necessary when it will be filled with an unbaked filling ( such as with pudding or cream pies ) , in which case the crust must be fully baked .","It is also called for if the filling has a shorter bake time than the crust , in which case the crust is partly baked .","Blind baking is also used to keep pie crust from becoming soggy due to a wet filling ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-6660928758563057380","input":"what is the accounting rate of return on the\u200b investment","passages":[{"title":"Accounting rate of return","text":"Accounting rate of return , also known as the Average rate of return , or ARR is a financial ratio used in capital budgeting . The ratio does not take into account the concept of time value of money . ARR calculates the return , generated from net income of the proposed capital investment . The ARR is a percentage return . Say , if ARR = 7 % , then it means that the project is expected to earn seven cents out of each dollar invested ( yearly ) . If the ARR is equal to or greater than the required rate of return , the project is acceptable . If it is less than the desired rate , it should be rejected . When comparing investments , the higher the ARR , the more attractive the investment . More than half of large firms calculate ARR when appraising projects . ","sentences":["Accounting rate of return , also known as the Average rate of return , or ARR is a financial ratio used in capital budgeting .","The ratio does not take into account the concept of time value of money .","ARR calculates the return , generated from net income of the proposed capital investment .","The ARR is a percentage return .","Say , if ARR = 7 % , then it means that the project is expected to earn seven cents out of each dollar invested ( yearly ) .","If the ARR is equal to or greater than the required rate of return , the project is acceptable .","If it is less than the desired rate , it should be rejected .","When comparing investments , the higher the ARR , the more attractive the investment .","More than half of large firms calculate ARR when appraising projects ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Accounting rate of return is a financial ratio used in capital budgeting, and it calculates the return, generated from net income of the proposed capital investment.","selected_sentences":["Accounting rate of return , also known as the Average rate of return , or ARR is a financial ratio used in capital budgeting .","ARR calculates the return , generated from net income of the proposed capital investment ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"7770488621251822506","input":"where does the bronx get its name from","passages":[{"title":"The Bronx","text":"The origin of the person of Jonas Bronck ( c. 1600 -- 43 ) is contested . Some sources claim he was a Swedish born emigrant from Komstad , Norra Ljunga parish in Sm\u00e5land , Sweden , who arrived in New Netherland during the spring of 1639 . Bronck became the first recorded European settler in the area now known as the Bronx and built a farm named `` Emmanus '' close to what today is the corner of Willis Avenue and 132nd Street in Mott Haven . He leased land from the Dutch West India Company on the neck of the mainland immediately north of the Dutch settlement in Harlem ( on Manhattan Island ) , and bought additional tracts from the local tribes . He eventually accumulated 500 acres ( 200 ha ) between the Harlem River and the Aquahung , which became known as Bronck 's River or the Bronx ( River ) . Dutch and English settlers referred to the area as Bronck 's Land . The American poet William Bronk was a descendant of Pieter Bronck , either Jonas Bronck 's son or his younger brother . More recent research indicates that Pieter was probably Jonas ' nephew or cousin , but certainly of the same family . ","sentences":["The origin of the person of Jonas Bronck ( c. 1600 -- 43 ) is contested .","Some sources claim he was a Swedish born emigrant from Komstad , Norra Ljunga parish in Sm\u00e5land , Sweden , who arrived in New Netherland during the spring of 1639 .","Bronck became the first recorded European settler in the area now known as the Bronx and built a farm named `` Emmanus '' close to what today is the corner of Willis Avenue and 132nd Street in Mott Haven .","He leased land from the Dutch West India Company on the neck of the mainland immediately north of the Dutch settlement in Harlem ( on Manhattan Island ) , and bought additional tracts from the local tribes .","He eventually accumulated 500 acres ( 200 ha ) between the Harlem River and the Aquahung , which became known as Bronck 's River or the Bronx ( River ) .","Dutch and English settlers referred to the area as Bronck 's Land .","The American poet William Bronk was a descendant of Pieter Bronck , either Jonas Bronck 's son or his younger brother .","More recent research indicates that Pieter was probably Jonas ' nephew or cousin , but certainly of the same family ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The origin of the person of Jonas Bronck ( c. 1600 -- 43 ) is contested, but Bronck was the first recorded European settler in the area now known as the Bronx.","selected_sentences":["The origin of the person of Jonas Bronck ( c. 1600 -- 43 ) is contested .","Bronck became the first recorded European settler in the area now known as the Bronx and built a farm named `` Emmanus '' close to what today is the corner of Willis Avenue and 132nd Street in Mott Haven ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The Bronx gets its name from the person of Jonas Bronck ( c. 1600 -- 43 ) who was the first recorded European settler in the area.","selected_sentences":["The origin of the person of Jonas Bronck ( c. 1600 -- 43 ) is contested .","Bronck became the first recorded European settler in the area now known as the Bronx and built a farm named `` Emmanus '' close to what today is the corner of Willis Avenue and 132nd Street in Mott Haven ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-8121883889178313578","input":"what are four functions of the cell or plasma membrane","passages":[{"title":"Cell membrane","text":"The cell membrane ( also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane , and historically referred to as the plasmalemma ) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment ( the extracellular space ) . It consists of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins . The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings . The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of cells and organelles . In this way , it is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules . In addition , cell membranes are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell adhesion , ion conductivity and cell signalling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures , including the cell wall , the carbohydrate layer called the glycocalyx , and the intracellular network of protein fibers called the cytoskeleton . In the field of synthetic biology , cell membranes can be artificially reassembled . ","sentences":["The cell membrane ( also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane , and historically referred to as the plasmalemma ) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment ( the extracellular space ) .","It consists of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins .","The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings .","The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of cells and organelles .","In this way , it is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules .","In addition , cell membranes are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell adhesion , ion conductivity and cell signalling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures , including the cell wall , the carbohydrate layer called the glycocalyx , and the intracellular network of protein fibers called the cytoskeleton .","In the field of synthetic biology , cell membranes can be artificially reassembled ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The cell membrane separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment, protects the cell from its surroundings, controls the movement of substances in and out of cells and organelles, and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures.","selected_sentences":["The cell membrane ( also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane , and historically referred to as the plasmalemma ) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment ( the extracellular space ) .","The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings .","The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of cells and organelles .","In addition , cell membranes are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell adhesion , ion conductivity and cell signalling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures , including the cell wall , the carbohydrate layer called the glycocalyx , and the intracellular network of protein fibers called the cytoskeleton ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"2540646016381071556","input":"who is given credit for inventing the printing press","passages":[{"title":"Movable type","text":"The world 's first movable type printing press technology for printing paper books was made of porcelain materials and was invented around AD 1040 in China during the Northern Song Dynasty by the inventor Bi Sheng ( 990 -- 1051 ) . Subsequently in 1377 , the world 's oldest extant movable metal print book , Jikji , was printed in Korea during the Goryeo dynasty . Because of this , the diffusion of both movable - type systems was , to some degree , limited to primarily East Asia , although various sporadic reports of movable type technology were brought back to Europe by Christian missionaries , traders and business people who were returning to Europe after having worked in China for several years and influenced the development of printing technology in Europe . Some of these medieval European accounts are still preserved in the library archives of the Vatican and Oxford University among many others . Around 1450 Johannes Gutenberg , introduced the metal movable - type printing press in Europe , along with innovations in casting the type based on a matrix and hand mould . The small number of alphabetic characters needed for European languages was an important factor . Gutenberg was the first to create his type pieces from an alloy of lead , tin , and antimony -- and these materials remained standard for 550 years . ","sentences":["The world 's first movable type printing press technology for printing paper books was made of porcelain materials and was invented around AD 1040 in China during the Northern Song Dynasty by the inventor Bi Sheng ( 990 -- 1051 ) .","Subsequently in 1377 , the world 's oldest extant movable metal print book , Jikji , was printed in Korea during the Goryeo dynasty .","Because of this , the diffusion of both movable - type systems was , to some degree , limited to primarily East Asia , although various sporadic reports of movable type technology were brought back to Europe by Christian missionaries , traders and business people who were returning to Europe after having worked in China for several years and influenced the development of printing technology in Europe .","Some of these medieval European accounts are still preserved in the library archives of the Vatican and Oxford University among many others .","Around 1450 Johannes Gutenberg , introduced the metal movable - type printing press in Europe , along with innovations in casting the type based on a matrix and hand mould .","The small number of alphabetic characters needed for European languages was an important factor .","Gutenberg was the first to create his type pieces from an alloy of lead , tin , and antimony -- and these materials remained standard for 550 years ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The world 's first movable type printing press technology for printing paper books was made of porcelain materials and was invented around AD 1040 in China during the Northern Song Dynasty by the inventor Bi Sheng ( 990 -- 1051 ) .\r\nAround 1450 Johannes Gutenberg , introduced the metal movable - type printing press in Europe.","selected_sentences":["The world 's first movable type printing press technology for printing paper books was made of porcelain materials and was invented around AD 1040 in China during the Northern Song Dynasty by the inventor Bi Sheng ( 990 -- 1051 ) .","Around 1450 Johannes Gutenberg , introduced the metal movable - type printing press in Europe , along with innovations in casting the type based on a matrix and hand mould ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"2898536612279544831","input":"who has priority at a 4 way stop","passages":[{"title":"All-way stop","text":"A motorist approaching an all - way stop is always required to come to a full stop before the crosswalk or stop line . In most jurisdictions that use all - way stops , pedestrians always have priority at a crosswalk , even if the crosswalk is not delineated with pavement markings . Within some U.S. jurisdictions , such as the state of Idaho , bicyclists are exempt from the need to make a complete stop , but must give way to other vehicles as otherwise required by law . After a full - stop has been made , vehicles usually have the right - of - way to proceed through the intersection in the order that they arrived at the intersection . In the United States , if vehicles arrive at approximately the same time , each driver must yield to the drivers on their right . Some areas have additional formal and informal rules which may or may not include special procedures for when all stop signs are approached simultaneously . ","sentences":["A motorist approaching an all - way stop is always required to come to a full stop before the crosswalk or stop line .","In most jurisdictions that use all - way stops , pedestrians always have priority at a crosswalk , even if the crosswalk is not delineated with pavement markings .","Within some U.S. jurisdictions , such as the state of Idaho , bicyclists are exempt from the need to make a complete stop , but must give way to other vehicles as otherwise required by law .","After a full - stop has been made , vehicles usually have the right - of - way to proceed through the intersection in the order that they arrived at the intersection .","In the United States , if vehicles arrive at approximately the same time , each driver must yield to the drivers on their right .","Some areas have additional formal and informal rules which may or may not include special procedures for when all stop signs are approached simultaneously ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"After a full - stop has been made, vehicles usually have the right-of-way to proceed through the intersection in the order that they arrived at the intersection. In the United States, if vehicles arrive at approximately the same time, each driver must yield to the drivers on their right. Pedestrians always have priority at a crosswalk.","selected_sentences":["In most jurisdictions that use all - way stops , pedestrians always have priority at a crosswalk , even if the crosswalk is not delineated with pavement markings .","After a full - stop has been made , vehicles usually have the right - of - way to proceed through the intersection in the order that they arrived at the intersection .","In the United States , if vehicles arrive at approximately the same time , each driver must yield to the drivers on their right ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-2861764028778158728","input":"who pays taxes a short introduction to tax incidence","passages":[{"title":"Tax incidence","text":"In economics , tax incidence or tax burden is the analysis of the effect of a particular tax on the distribution of economic welfare . The introduction of a tax drives a wedge between the price consumers pay and the price producers receive for a product , which typically imposes an economic burden on both producers and consumers . The concept was brought to attention by the French Physiocrats , in particular Fran\u00e7ois Quesnay , who argued that the incidence of all taxation falls ultimately on landowners and is at the expense of land rent . Tax incidence is said to `` fall '' upon the group that ultimately bears the burden of , or ultimately has to pay , the tax . The key concept is that the tax incidence or tax burden does not depend on where the revenue is collected , but on the price elasticity of demand and price elasticity of supply . ","sentences":["In economics , tax incidence or tax burden is the analysis of the effect of a particular tax on the distribution of economic welfare .","The introduction of a tax drives a wedge between the price consumers pay and the price producers receive for a product , which typically imposes an economic burden on both producers and consumers .","The concept was brought to attention by the French Physiocrats , in particular Fran\u00e7ois Quesnay , who argued that the incidence of all taxation falls ultimately on landowners and is at the expense of land rent .","Tax incidence is said to `` fall '' upon the group that ultimately bears the burden of , or ultimately has to pay , the tax .","The key concept is that the tax incidence or tax burden does not depend on where the revenue is collected , but on the price elasticity of demand and price elasticity of supply ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"In economics , tax incidence or tax burden is the analysis of the effect of a particular tax on the distribution of economic welfare .\r\nTax incidence is said to `` fall '' upon the group that ultimately bears the burden of , or ultimately has to pay , the tax .","selected_sentences":["In economics , tax incidence or tax burden is the analysis of the effect of a particular tax on the distribution of economic welfare .","Tax incidence is said to `` fall '' upon the group that ultimately bears the burden of , or ultimately has to pay , the tax ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-7711754914573176514","input":"what is a sapper in the canadian army","passages":[{"title":"Sapper","text":"In the Canadian Forces , sappers exist both in the regular force and reserve force . The rank of sapper is used instead of private trained to signify completion of the Engineer DP1 course . Canadian sappers have been deployed in many major conflicts in recent history including World War I , World War II , the Korean War , and the War in Afghanistan . The roles of a sapper entail : Bridge building with the ACROW , Bailey , or Medium Girder Bridge bridging systems ; explosive ordnance disposal ; operating the advanced reverse - osmosis water purification unit , used mainly in domestic operations ; maintaining roadways and airfields ; combat diving ; tactical breaching ; and erecting and tearing down friendly living spaces . Ultimately , the objective of the sappers is to facilitate the living , moving , and fighting for friendly troops on the battlefield , and denying the same to enemy forces . The motto of the Canadian Military Engineers is Ubique ( Latin : everywhere ) a motto shared with the Royal Canadian Artillery . The patron saint of combat engineers is Saint Barbara , and 4 December is the corps ' day of celebration . ","sentences":["In the Canadian Forces , sappers exist both in the regular force and reserve force .","The rank of sapper is used instead of private trained to signify completion of the Engineer DP1 course .","Canadian sappers have been deployed in many major conflicts in recent history including World War I , World War II , the Korean War , and the War in Afghanistan .","The roles of a sapper entail : Bridge building with the ACROW , Bailey , or Medium Girder Bridge bridging systems ; explosive ordnance disposal ; operating the advanced reverse - osmosis water purification unit , used mainly in domestic operations ; maintaining roadways and airfields ; combat diving ; tactical breaching ; and erecting and tearing down friendly living spaces .","Ultimately , the objective of the sappers is to facilitate the living , moving , and fighting for friendly troops on the battlefield , and denying the same to enemy forces .","The motto of the Canadian Military Engineers is Ubique ( Latin : everywhere ) a motto shared with the Royal Canadian Artillery .","The patron saint of combat engineers is Saint Barbara , and 4 December is the corps ' day of celebration ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"In the Canadian Forces, sappers exist both in the regular force and reserve force. The rank of sapper is used instead of private trained to signify completion of the Engineer DP1 course.  The roles of a sapper entail: Bridge building with the ACROW, Bailey, or Medium Girder Bridge bridging systems; explosive ordnance disposal; operating the advanced reverse - osmosis water purification unit, used mainly in domestic operations; maintaining roadways and airfields; combat diving; tactical breaching; and erecting and tearing down friendly living spaces.  Ultimately, the objective of the sappers is to facilitate the living, moving, and fighting for friendly troops on the battlefield, and denying the same to enemy forces.","selected_sentences":["In the Canadian Forces , sappers exist both in the regular force and reserve force .","The rank of sapper is used instead of private trained to signify completion of the Engineer DP1 course .","The roles of a sapper entail : Bridge building with the ACROW , Bailey , or Medium Girder Bridge bridging systems ; explosive ordnance disposal ; operating the advanced reverse - osmosis water purification unit , used mainly in domestic operations ; maintaining roadways and airfields ; combat diving ; tactical breaching ; and erecting and tearing down friendly living spaces .","Ultimately , the objective of the sappers is to facilitate the living , moving , and fighting for friendly troops on the battlefield , and denying the same to enemy forces ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"In the Canadian Forces, sappers exist both in the regular force and reserve force. The rank of sapper is used instead of private trained to signify completion of the Engineer DP1 course. The roles of a sapper entail: Bridge building with the ACROW, Bailey, or Medium Girder Bridge bridging systems; explosive ordnance disposal; operating the advanced reverse - osmosis water purification unit; maintaining roadways and airfields; combat diving; tactical breaching; and erecting and tearing down friendly living spaces. Ultimately, the objective of the sappers is to facilitate the living, moving, and fighting for friendly troops on the battlefield, and denying the same to enemy forces.","selected_sentences":["In the Canadian Forces , sappers exist both in the regular force and reserve force .","The rank of sapper is used instead of private trained to signify completion of the Engineer DP1 course .","The roles of a sapper entail : Bridge building with the ACROW , Bailey , or Medium Girder Bridge bridging systems ; explosive ordnance disposal ; operating the advanced reverse - osmosis water purification unit , used mainly in domestic operations ; maintaining roadways and airfields ; combat diving ; tactical breaching ; and erecting and tearing down friendly living spaces .","Ultimately , the objective of the sappers is to facilitate the living , moving , and fighting for friendly troops on the battlefield , and denying the same to enemy forces ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"8848527010251792102","input":"where did the chinese fire drill come from","passages":[{"title":"Chinese fire drill","text":"The term goes back to the early 1900s , and is alleged to have originated when a ship run by British officers and a Chinese crew practiced a fire drill for a fire in the engine room . The bucket brigade drew water from the starboard side , took it to the engine room , and poured it onto the ' fire ' . To prevent flooding , a separate crew hauled the accumulated water from the engine room , up to the main deck and heaved the water over the port side . The drill had previously gone according to plan until the orders became confused in translation . The bucket brigade began to draw the water from the starboard side , run over to the port side and then throw the water overboard , bypassing the engine room completely . Additionally , the term is documented to have been used in the U.S. Marine Corps during World War II , where it was often expressed in the phrase `` as screwed up as a Chinese fire drill '' . It was also commonly used by Americans during the Korean War and the Vietnam War . ","sentences":["The term goes back to the early 1900s , and is alleged to have originated when a ship run by British officers and a Chinese crew practiced a fire drill for a fire in the engine room .","The bucket brigade drew water from the starboard side , took it to the engine room , and poured it onto the ' fire ' .","To prevent flooding , a separate crew hauled the accumulated water from the engine room , up to the main deck and heaved the water over the port side .","The drill had previously gone according to plan until the orders became confused in translation .","The bucket brigade began to draw the water from the starboard side , run over to the port side and then throw the water overboard , bypassing the engine room completely .","Additionally , the term is documented to have been used in the U.S. Marine Corps during World War II , where it was often expressed in the phrase `` as screwed up as a Chinese fire drill '' .","It was also commonly used by Americans during the Korean War and the Vietnam War ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The term goes back to the early 1900s and is alleged to have originated when a ship run by British officers and a Chinese crew practiced a fire drill for a fire in the engine room.  The bucket brigade began to draw the water from the starboard side, run over to the port side and then throw the water overboard, bypassing the engine room completely.","selected_sentences":["The term goes back to the early 1900s , and is alleged to have originated when a ship run by British officers and a Chinese crew practiced a fire drill for a fire in the engine room .","The bucket brigade began to draw the water from the starboard side , run over to the port side and then throw the water overboard , bypassing the engine room completely ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The term, Chinese fire drill,  goes back to the early 1900s , and is alleged to have originated when a ship run by British officers and a Chinese crew practiced a fire drill for a fire in the engine room .","selected_sentences":["The term goes back to the early 1900s , and is alleged to have originated when a ship run by British officers and a Chinese crew practiced a fire drill for a fire in the engine room ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"3570496683880371285","input":"who does santana end up with in glee","passages":[{"title":"Santana Lopez","text":"At the beginning of season six , Santana , Brittany and the rest of Glee Club alumni return to McKinley High School in Homecoming . Along with Quinn and Brittany , she performs `` Problem '' by Ariana Grande in an attempt to recruit cheerleaders to join the revamped New Directions , currently being revived by Rachel . Their attempt got discouraged by Kitty , the current Cheerios captain and a former glee club member who is bitter with the alumni . Santana succeeds in persuading two twin cheerleaders to audition . She also performs `` Take On Me '' and `` Home '' with the alumni around the school . In Jagged Little Tapestry , Santana and the alumni stick around for another week to help Rachel recruit for New Directions . After a sweet performance of `` Hand In My Pocket '' \/ `` I Feel the Earth Move '' with Brittany , Santana proposes and Brittany accepts . However , Kurt disagrees with their decision , but Santana insults him by telling him that Blaine broke off his proposal because Kurt is weird . Santana and Brittany then return in What The World Needs Now to deal with Santana 's disapproving grandmother Alma -- with whom she has n't spoken since coming out as a lesbian . Brittany takes matters into her own hands and tries to invite Alma to the wedding , but Alma 's prejudice is too strong and she rejects their engagement , and Brittany tells her off for doing so . Later the New Directions serenade them in an attempt to be invited to their upcoming wedding . She and Brittany are wed in a double ceremony with Kurt and Blaine , because Brittany wanted it that way , in the eighth episode A Wedding . Before the ceremony , Sue arrives with Alma , who she has helped to realize that although she may not believe females should marry each other , family is the most important thing , leading her and Santana to reconcile . Santana and Brittany return briefly in the series final `` Dreams Come True '' for a last performance with the rest of the Glee Cast . ","sentences":["At the beginning of season six , Santana , Brittany and the rest of Glee Club alumni return to McKinley High School in Homecoming .","Along with Quinn and Brittany , she performs `` Problem '' by Ariana Grande in an attempt to recruit cheerleaders to join the revamped New Directions , currently being revived by Rachel .","Their attempt got discouraged by Kitty , the current Cheerios captain and a former glee club member who is bitter with the alumni .","Santana succeeds in persuading two twin cheerleaders to audition .","She also performs `` Take On Me '' and `` Home '' with the alumni around the school .","In Jagged Little Tapestry , Santana and the alumni stick around for another week to help Rachel recruit for New Directions .","After a sweet performance of `` Hand In My Pocket '' \/ `` I Feel the Earth Move '' with Brittany , Santana proposes and Brittany accepts .","However , Kurt disagrees with their decision , but Santana insults him by telling him that Blaine broke off his proposal because Kurt is weird .","Santana and Brittany then return in What The World Needs Now to deal with Santana 's disapproving grandmother Alma -- with whom she has n't spoken since coming out as a lesbian .","Brittany takes matters into her own hands and tries to invite Alma to the wedding , but Alma 's prejudice is too strong and she rejects their engagement , and Brittany tells her off for doing so .","Later the New Directions serenade them in an attempt to be invited to their upcoming wedding .","She and Brittany are wed in a double ceremony with Kurt and Blaine , because Brittany wanted it that way , in the eighth episode A Wedding .","Before the ceremony , Sue arrives with Alma , who she has helped to realize that although she may not believe females should marry each other , family is the most important thing , leading her and Santana to reconcile .","Santana and Brittany return briefly in the series final `` Dreams Come True '' for a last performance with the rest of the Glee Cast ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"After a sweet performance with Brittany , Santana proposes and Brittany accepts. She and Brittany are wed in a double ceremony with Kurt and Blaine.","selected_sentences":["After a sweet performance of `` Hand In My Pocket '' \/ `` I Feel the Earth Move '' with Brittany , Santana proposes and Brittany accepts .","She and Brittany are wed in a double ceremony with Kurt and Blaine , because Brittany wanted it that way , in the eighth episode A Wedding ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"After performing in \"Hand In My Pocket\" \/ \"I Feel the Earth Move\" with Brittany, Santana Lopez proposed and Brittany accepted. They wed in a double ceremony with Kurt and Blaine in Glee's eighth episode A Wedding.","selected_sentences":["After a sweet performance of `` Hand In My Pocket '' \/ `` I Feel the Earth Move '' with Brittany , Santana proposes and Brittany accepts .","She and Brittany are wed in a double ceremony with Kurt and Blaine , because Brittany wanted it that way , in the eighth episode A Wedding ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"8394238569735603187","input":"how did jessica jones get her powers in the show","passages":[{"title":"Jessica Jones","text":"Midtown High student Jessica Campbell goes to school with Peter Parker , on whom she has a crush and is present when he is bitten by the irradiated spider which gives him radioactive powers . Jessica 's father receives tickets for Disney World from his boss Tony Stark . On the way home , their car collides with a military convoy carrying radioactive chemicals . Her family is killed , and she spends several months in a coma . Upon waking , she is placed in an orphanage and adopted by the Jones family . Jessica later discovers that her radiation exposure granted her super strength , limited invulnerability , and flight . Jessica 's adoptive parents re-enroll her at Midtown High , where she is ostracized by her classmates , especially Flash Thompson . Peter Parker ( who has since become Spider - Man ) senses in Jessica a kindred spirit -- someone who has also lost her family due to a tragic circumstance . Jessica mistakes his kind attention for pity and lashes out at him . She later witnesses a fight between Spider - Man and the villain Sandman in her school . This inspires her to use her abilities for positive ends . ","sentences":["Midtown High student Jessica Campbell goes to school with Peter Parker , on whom she has a crush and is present when he is bitten by the irradiated spider which gives him radioactive powers .","Jessica 's father receives tickets for Disney World from his boss Tony Stark .","On the way home , their car collides with a military convoy carrying radioactive chemicals .","Her family is killed , and she spends several months in a coma .","Upon waking , she is placed in an orphanage and adopted by the Jones family .","Jessica later discovers that her radiation exposure granted her super strength , limited invulnerability , and flight .","Jessica 's adoptive parents re-enroll her at Midtown High , where she is ostracized by her classmates , especially Flash Thompson .","Peter Parker ( who has since become Spider - Man ) senses in Jessica a kindred spirit -- someone who has also lost her family due to a tragic circumstance .","Jessica mistakes his kind attention for pity and lashes out at him .","She later witnesses a fight between Spider - Man and the villain Sandman in her school .","This inspires her to use her abilities for positive ends ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"On the way home, their car collides with a military convoy carrying radioactive chemicals.  Her family is killed, and she spends several months in a coma.  Jessica later discovers that her radiation exposure granted her super strength, limited invulnerability, and flight.","selected_sentences":["On the way home , their car collides with a military convoy carrying radioactive chemicals .","Her family is killed , and she spends several months in a coma .","Jessica later discovers that her radiation exposure granted her super strength , limited invulnerability , and flight ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Jessica Jones's radiation exposure when the car she was in collided with a military convoy carrying radioactive chemicals granted her super strength , limited invulnerability, and flight.","selected_sentences":["On the way home , their car collides with a military convoy carrying radioactive chemicals .","Jessica later discovers that her radiation exposure granted her super strength , limited invulnerability , and flight ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"2465071880314423467","input":"tom petty don't come around here no more meaning","passages":[{"title":"Don't Come Around Here No More","text":"The original inspiration was a romantic encounter that producer David A. Stewart of Eurythmics had with Stevie Nicks of Fleetwood Mac . On The Howard Stern Show , Stewart explained that the title 's phrase was actually uttered by Nicks . She had broken up with Eagles guitarist Joe Walsh the night before , and invited Stewart to her place for a party after an early Eurythmics show in Los Angeles . Stewart did not know who she was at the time , but went anyway . When the partygoers all disappeared to a bathroom for a couple of hours to snort cocaine , he decided to go upstairs to bed . He woke up at 5am to find Nicks in his room trying on Victorian clothing and described the entire scenario as very much reminiscent of Alice in Wonderland . Later that morning , she told Walsh , `` Do n't come around here no more . '' ","sentences":["The original inspiration was a romantic encounter that producer David A. Stewart of Eurythmics had with Stevie Nicks of Fleetwood Mac .","On The Howard Stern Show , Stewart explained that the title 's phrase was actually uttered by Nicks .","She had broken up with Eagles guitarist Joe Walsh the night before , and invited Stewart to her place for a party after an early Eurythmics show in Los Angeles .","Stewart did not know who she was at the time , but went anyway .","When the partygoers all disappeared to a bathroom for a couple of hours to snort cocaine , he decided to go upstairs to bed .","He woke up at 5am to find Nicks in his room trying on Victorian clothing and described the entire scenario as very much reminiscent of Alice in Wonderland .","Later that morning , she told Walsh , `` Do n't come around here no more . ''"]}],"output":[{"answer":"Stevie Nicks had broken up with Eagles guitarist Joe Walsh the night before. Later that morning she told him , `` Do n't come around here no more . ''","selected_sentences":["She had broken up with Eagles guitarist Joe Walsh the night before , and invited Stewart to her place for a party after an early Eurythmics show in Los Angeles .","Later that morning , she told Walsh , `` Do n't come around here no more . ''"],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The original inspiration was a romantic encounter that producer David A. Stewart of Eurythmics had with Stevie Nicks of Fleetwood Mac. Stevie Nicks had broken up with Eagles guitarist Joe Walsh the night before. Later that morning she told him, ``Don't come around here no more.''","selected_sentences":["The original inspiration was a romantic encounter that producer David A. Stewart of Eurythmics had with Stevie Nicks of Fleetwood Mac .","She had broken up with Eagles guitarist Joe Walsh the night before , and invited Stewart to her place for a party after an early Eurythmics show in Los Angeles .","Later that morning , she told Walsh , `` Do n't come around here no more . ''"],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-1319427116042080303","input":"where did the word tar heel come from","passages":[{"title":"Tar Heel","text":"The exact etymology of the nickname is unknown , but most folklore believe its roots come from the fact that tar , pitch , and turpentine created from the vast pine forests were some of North Carolina 's most important exports early in the state 's history . For a time after the American Civil War , the name Tar Heel was derogatory , but it was later reappropriated by the people of North Carolina . Because the exact history of the term is unknown , a number of legends have developed to explain it . One such legend claims it to be a nickname given during the U.S. Civil War , because of the state 's importance on the Confederate side , and the fact that the troops `` stuck to their ranks like they had tar on their heels '' . The term `` Tar Heel '' gained popularity during the Civil War . ","sentences":["The exact etymology of the nickname is unknown , but most folklore believe its roots come from the fact that tar , pitch , and turpentine created from the vast pine forests were some of North Carolina 's most important exports early in the state 's history .","For a time after the American Civil War , the name Tar Heel was derogatory , but it was later reappropriated by the people of North Carolina .","Because the exact history of the term is unknown , a number of legends have developed to explain it .","One such legend claims it to be a nickname given during the U.S. Civil War , because of the state 's importance on the Confederate side , and the fact that the troops `` stuck to their ranks like they had tar on their heels '' .","The term `` Tar Heel '' gained popularity during the Civil War ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The exact etymology of the nickname is unknown, but most folklore believe its roots come from the fact that tar, pitch, and turpentine created from the vast pine forests were some of North Carolina's most important exports early in the state's history. A legend claims it to be a nickname given during the U.S. Civil War, because of the state's importance on the Confederate side, and the fact that the troops ``stuck to their ranks like they had tar on their heels''.","selected_sentences":["The exact etymology of the nickname is unknown , but most folklore believe its roots come from the fact that tar , pitch , and turpentine created from the vast pine forests were some of North Carolina 's most important exports early in the state 's history .","One such legend claims it to be a nickname given during the U.S. Civil War , because of the state 's importance on the Confederate side , and the fact that the troops `` stuck to their ranks like they had tar on their heels '' ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-7411292323581898358","input":"2 facts about the great wall of china","passages":[{"title":"Great Wall of China","text":"The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone , brick , tamped earth , wood , and other materials , generally built along an east - to - west line across the historical northern borders of China to protect the Chinese states and empires against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe with an eye to expansion . Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC ; these , later joined together and made bigger and stronger , are collectively referred to as the Great Wall . Especially famous is the wall built in 220 -- 206 BC by Qin Shi Huang , the first Emperor of China . Little of that wall remains . The Great Wall has been rebuilt , maintained , and enhanced over various dynasties ; the majority of the existing wall is from the Ming Dynasty ( 1368 -- 1644 ) . ","sentences":["The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone , brick , tamped earth , wood , and other materials , generally built along an east - to - west line across the historical northern borders of China to protect the Chinese states and empires against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe with an eye to expansion .","Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC ; these , later joined together and made bigger and stronger , are collectively referred to as the Great Wall .","Especially famous is the wall built in 220 -- 206 BC by Qin Shi Huang , the first Emperor of China .","Little of that wall remains .","The Great Wall has been rebuilt , maintained , and enhanced over various dynasties ; the majority of the existing wall is from the Ming Dynasty ( 1368 -- 1644 ) ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC ; these , later joined together and made bigger and stronger , are collectively referred to as the Great Wall .\r\nThe Great Wall has been rebuilt , maintained , and enhanced over various dynasties ; the majority of the existing wall is from the Ming Dynasty 1368 -- 1644) .","selected_sentences":["Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC ; these , later joined together and made bigger and stronger , are collectively referred to as the Great Wall .","The Great Wall has been rebuilt , maintained , and enhanced over various dynasties ; the majority of the existing wall is from the Ming Dynasty ( 1368 -- 1644 ) ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The Great Wall of China was built along an east - to - west line across the historical northern borders of China to protect the Chinese states and empires against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe with an eye to expansion, and the famous one is the wall built in 220 -- 206 BC by Qin Shi Huang , the first Emperor of China .","selected_sentences":["The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone , brick , tamped earth , wood , and other materials , generally built along an east - to - west line across the historical northern borders of China to protect the Chinese states and empires against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe with an eye to expansion .","Especially famous is the wall built in 220 -- 206 BC by Qin Shi Huang , the first Emperor of China ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"4225324768630339402","input":"why did the us send aid to greece and turkey in 1947","passages":[{"title":"Truman Doctrine","text":"Truman told Congress that `` it must be the policy of the United States to support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures . '' Truman claims that because totalitarian regimes coerced free peoples , they automatically represented a threat to international peace and the national security of the United States . Truman made the plea in the midst of the Greek Civil War ( 1946 -- 49 ) . He argued that if Greece and Turkey did not receive the aid , they would inevitably fall to communism with grave consequences throughout the region . Because Turkey and Greece were historic rivals , it was considered necessary to help both equally even though the crisis in Greece was far more intense . ","sentences":["Truman told Congress that `` it must be the policy of the United States to support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures . ''","Truman claims that because totalitarian regimes coerced free peoples , they automatically represented a threat to international peace and the national security of the United States .","Truman made the plea in the midst of the Greek Civil War ( 1946 -- 49 ) .","He argued that if Greece and Turkey did not receive the aid , they would inevitably fall to communism with grave consequences throughout the region .","Because Turkey and Greece were historic rivals , it was considered necessary to help both equally even though the crisis in Greece was far more intense ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Truman claims that because totalitarian regimes coerced free peoples , they automatically represented a threat to international peace and the national security of the United States. He argued that if Greece and Turkey did not receive the aid, they would inevitably fall to communism with grave consequences throughout the region.","selected_sentences":["Truman claims that because totalitarian regimes coerced free peoples , they automatically represented a threat to international peace and the national security of the United States .","He argued that if Greece and Turkey did not receive the aid , they would inevitably fall to communism with grave consequences throughout the region ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-4602846050758049819","input":"percentage of organised and unorganised sector in india","passages":[{"title":"Labour in India","text":"Labour in India refers to employment in the economy of India . In 2012 , there were around 487 million workers in India , the second largest after China . Of these over 94 percent work in unincorporated , unorganized enterprises ranging from pushcart vendors to home - based diamond and gem polishing operations . The organised sector includes workers employed by the government , state - owned enterprises and private sector enterprises . In 2008 , the organised sector employed 27.5 million workers , of which 17.3 million worked for government or government owned entities . ","sentences":["Labour in India refers to employment in the economy of India .","In 2012 , there were around 487 million workers in India , the second largest after China .","Of these over 94 percent work in unincorporated , unorganized enterprises ranging from pushcart vendors to home - based diamond and gem polishing operations .","The organised sector includes workers employed by the government , state - owned enterprises and private sector enterprises .","In 2008 , the organised sector employed 27.5 million workers , of which 17.3 million worked for government or government owned entities ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"In 2012 , there were around 487 million workers in India.\r\nOf these over 94 percent work in unincorporated , unorganized enterprises ranging from pushcart vendors to home - based diamond and gem polishing operations .\r\nIn 2008 , the organized sector employed 27.5 million workers , of which 17.3 million worked for government or government owned entities .","selected_sentences":["In 2012 , there were around 487 million workers in India , the second largest after China .","Of these over 94 percent work in unincorporated , unorganized enterprises ranging from pushcart vendors to home - based diamond and gem polishing operations .","In 2008 , the organised sector employed 27.5 million workers , of which 17.3 million worked for government or government owned entities ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"In 2012, over 94 percent of the 487 million workers in India work in unorganized enterprises. In 2008, 27.5 million workers were employed by the organised sector.","selected_sentences":["In 2012 , there were around 487 million workers in India , the second largest after China .","Of these over 94 percent work in unincorporated , unorganized enterprises ranging from pushcart vendors to home - based diamond and gem polishing operations .","In 2008 , the organised sector employed 27.5 million workers , of which 17.3 million worked for government or government owned entities ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-2731077157409962831","input":"when was the berlin wall built and why","passages":[{"title":"Berlin Wall","text":"The Berlin Wall ( German : Berliner Mauer , pronounced ( b\u025b\u0281\u02c8li\u02d0n\u0250 \u02c8ma\u028a\u032f\u0250 ) ( listen ) ) was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989 . Constructed by the German Democratic Republic ( GDR , East Germany ) , starting on 13 August 1961 , the Wall cut off ( by land ) West Berlin from virtually all of surrounding East Germany and East Berlin until government officials opened it in November 1989 . Its demolition officially began on 13 June 1990 and finished in 1992 . The barrier included guard towers placed along large concrete walls , accompanied by a wide area ( later known as the `` death strip '' ) that contained anti-vehicle trenches , `` fakir beds '' and other defenses . The Eastern Bloc portrayed the Wall as protecting its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the `` will of the people '' in building a socialist state in East Germany . ","sentences":["The Berlin Wall ( German : Berliner Mauer , pronounced ( b\u025b\u0281\u02c8li\u02d0n\u0250 \u02c8ma\u028a\u032f\u0250 ) ( listen ) ) was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989 .","Constructed by the German Democratic Republic ( GDR , East Germany ) , starting on 13 August 1961 , the Wall cut off ( by land )","West Berlin from virtually all of surrounding East Germany and East Berlin until government officials opened it in November 1989 .","Its demolition officially began on 13 June 1990 and finished in 1992 .","The barrier included guard towers placed along large concrete walls , accompanied by a wide area ( later known as the `` death strip '' ) that contained anti-vehicle trenches , `` fakir beds '' and other defenses .","The Eastern Bloc portrayed the Wall as protecting its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the `` will of the people '' in building a socialist state in East Germany ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The Berlin Wall was constructed starting on 13 August 1961, and was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989.  The Eastern Bloc portrayed the Wall as protecting its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the `` will of the people '' in building a socialist state in East Germany.","selected_sentences":["The Berlin Wall ( German : Berliner Mauer , pronounced ( b\u025b\u0281\u02c8li\u02d0n\u0250 \u02c8ma\u028a\u032f\u0250 ) ( listen ) ) was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989 .","Constructed by the German Democratic Republic ( GDR , East Germany ) , starting on 13 August 1961 , the Wall cut off ( by land )","The Eastern Bloc portrayed the Wall as protecting its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the `` will of the people '' in building a socialist state in East Germany ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-995491656588177102","input":"when was star spangled banner put to music","passages":[{"title":"The Star-Spangled Banner","text":"On September 20 , both the Baltimore Patriot and The American printed the song , with the note `` Tune : Anacreon in Heaven '' . The song quickly became popular , with seventeen newspapers from Georgia to New Hampshire printing it . Soon after , Thomas Carr of the Carr Music Store in Baltimore published the words and music together under the title `` The Star Spangled Banner '' , although it was originally called `` Defence of Fort M'Henry '' . Thomas Carr 's arrangement introduced the raised fourth which became the standard deviation from `` The Anacreontic Song '' . The song 's popularity increased and its first public performance took place in October when Baltimore actor Ferdinand Durang sang it at Captain McCauley 's tavern . Washington Irving , then editor of the Analectic Magazine in Philadelphia , reprinted the song in November 1814 . ","sentences":["On September 20 , both the Baltimore Patriot and The American printed the song , with the note `` Tune : Anacreon in Heaven '' .","The song quickly became popular , with seventeen newspapers from Georgia to New Hampshire printing it .","Soon after , Thomas Carr of the Carr Music Store in Baltimore published the words and music together under the title `` The Star Spangled Banner '' , although it was originally called `` Defence of Fort M'Henry '' .","Thomas Carr 's arrangement introduced the raised fourth which became the standard deviation from `` The Anacreontic Song '' .","The song 's popularity increased and its first public performance took place in October when Baltimore actor Ferdinand Durang sang it at Captain McCauley 's tavern .","Washington Irving , then editor of the Analectic Magazine in Philadelphia , reprinted the song in November 1814 ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Soon after September 20, Thomas Carr of the Carr Music Store in Baltimore published the words and music together under the title `` The Star Spangled Banner '' , although it was originally called `` Defence of Fort M'Henry '' .","selected_sentences":["On September 20 , both the Baltimore Patriot and The American printed the song , with the note `` Tune : Anacreon in Heaven '' .","Soon after , Thomas Carr of the Carr Music Store in Baltimore published the words and music together under the title `` The Star Spangled Banner '' , although it was originally called `` Defence of Fort M'Henry '' ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-8255651165999579801","input":"who discovered the titanic wreck site and when","passages":[{"title":"Wreck of the RMS Titanic","text":"Ballard realized that looking for the wreck itself using sonar was unlikely to be successful and adopted a different tactic , drawing on the experience of the surveys of Thresher and Scorpion ; he would look for the debris field instead , using Argo 's cameras rather than sonar . Whereas sonar could not distinguish man - made debris on the sea bed from natural objects , cameras could . The debris field would also be a far bigger target , stretching a mile ( 1.6 km ) or longer , whereas Titanic itself was only 90 feet ( 27 m ) wide . The search required round - the - clock towing of Argo back and forth above the sea bed , with shifts of watchers aboard the research vessel Knorr looking at the camera pictures for any sign of debris . After a week of fruitless searching , at 12.48 am on Sunday 1 September 1985 pieces of debris began to appear on Knorr 's screens . One of them was identified as a boiler , identical to those shown in pictures from 1911 . The following day , the main part of the wreck was found and Argo sent back the first pictures of Titanic since her sinking 73 years before . The discovery made headlines around the world . ","sentences":["Ballard realized that looking for the wreck itself using sonar was unlikely to be successful and adopted a different tactic , drawing on the experience of the surveys of Thresher and Scorpion ; he would look for the debris field instead , using Argo 's cameras rather than sonar .","Whereas sonar could not distinguish man - made debris on the sea bed from natural objects , cameras could .","The debris field would also be a far bigger target , stretching a mile ( 1.6 km ) or longer , whereas Titanic itself was only 90 feet ( 27 m ) wide .","The search required round - the - clock towing of Argo back and forth above the sea bed , with shifts of watchers aboard the research vessel Knorr looking at the camera pictures for any sign of debris .","After a week of fruitless searching , at 12.48 am on Sunday 1 September 1985 pieces of debris began to appear on Knorr 's screens .","One of them was identified as a boiler , identical to those shown in pictures from 1911 .","The following day , the main part of the wreck was found and Argo sent back the first pictures of Titanic since her sinking 73 years before .","The discovery made headlines around the world ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Ballard realized that looking for the wreck itself using sonar was unlikely to be successful, he would look for the debris field instead, using Argo's cameras rather than sonar.  At 12.48 am on Sunday 1 September 1985 pieces of debris began to appear on the research vessel Knorr's screens, and the following day, the main part of the wreck was found.","selected_sentences":["Ballard realized that looking for the wreck itself using sonar was unlikely to be successful and adopted a different tactic , drawing on the experience of the surveys of Thresher and Scorpion ; he would look for the debris field instead , using Argo 's cameras rather than sonar .","The search required round - the - clock towing of Argo back and forth above the sea bed , with shifts of watchers aboard the research vessel Knorr looking at the camera pictures for any sign of debris .","After a week of fruitless searching , at 12.48 am on Sunday 1 September 1985 pieces of debris began to appear on Knorr 's screens .","The following day , the main part of the wreck was found and Argo sent back the first pictures of Titanic since her sinking 73 years before ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Ballard realized that looking for the wreck itself using sonar was unlikely to be successful, he would look for the debris field instead, using Argo's cameras rather than sonar. At 12.48 am on Sunday 1 September 1985 pieces of debris began to appear on the Knorr's screens, and the following day, the main part of the wreck was found.","selected_sentences":["Ballard realized that looking for the wreck itself using sonar was unlikely to be successful and adopted a different tactic , drawing on the experience of the surveys of Thresher and Scorpion ; he would look for the debris field instead , using Argo 's cameras rather than sonar .","After a week of fruitless searching , at 12.48 am on Sunday 1 September 1985 pieces of debris began to appear on Knorr 's screens .","The following day , the main part of the wreck was found and Argo sent back the first pictures of Titanic since her sinking 73 years before ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"8074663367424236737","input":"why was the eastern roman empire called the byzantine empire","passages":[{"title":"Byzantine Empire","text":"The Byzantine Empire , also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire , was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the East during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages , when its capital city was Constantinople ( modern - day Istanbul , which had been founded as Byzantium ) . It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until it fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453 . During most of its existence , the empire was the most powerful economic , cultural , and military force in Europe . Both `` Byzantine Empire '' and `` Eastern Roman Empire '' are historiographical terms created after the end of the realm ; its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the Roman Empire ( Greek : \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1fec\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd , tr . Basileia t\u00f4n Rh\u014dmai\u014dn ; Latin : Imperium Romanum ) , or Romania ( \u1fec\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 ) , and to themselves as `` Romans '' . ","sentences":["The Byzantine Empire , also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire , was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the East during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages , when its capital city was Constantinople ( modern - day Istanbul , which had been founded as Byzantium ) .","It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until it fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453 .","During most of its existence , the empire was the most powerful economic , cultural , and military force in Europe .","Both `` Byzantine Empire '' and `` Eastern Roman Empire '' are historiographical terms created after the end of the realm ; its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the Roman Empire ( Greek : \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1fec\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd , tr .","Basileia t\u00f4n Rh\u014dmai\u014dn ; Latin : Imperium Romanum ) , or Romania ( \u1fec\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 ) , and to themselves as `` Romans '' ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the East during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople which had been founded as Byzantium.  Both \"Byzantine Empire'' and \"Eastern Roman Empire'' are historiographical terms created after the end of the realm.","selected_sentences":["The Byzantine Empire , also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire , was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the East during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages , when its capital city was Constantinople ( modern - day Istanbul , which had been founded as Byzantium ) .","Both `` Byzantine Empire '' and `` Eastern Roman Empire '' are historiographical terms created after the end of the realm ; its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the Roman Empire ( Greek : \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1fec\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd , tr ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-1304148266768342141","input":"who is on keeping up with the kardashians","passages":[{"title":"Keeping Up with the Kardashians","text":"The series focuses mainly on sisters Kourtney , Kim , and Khlo\u00e9 Kardashian and their half - sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner . It also features their parents Kris and Caitlyn Jenner ( previously known as Bruce Jenner ) , and brother Rob Kardashian . The significant others of the Kardashian sisters have also appeared on the show , including Kourtney 's boyfriend Scott Disick and Khlo\u00e9 's ex-husband Lamar Odom . Caitlyn 's son Brody made cameo appearances in the early seasons before joining the show to appear regularly , along with his brother Brandon , and Brandon 's wife , Leah . Kim 's friend Jonathan Cheban and Khlo\u00e9 's friend Malika Haqq have also been part of the show . ","sentences":["The series focuses mainly on sisters Kourtney , Kim , and Khlo\u00e9 Kardashian and their half - sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner .","It also features their parents Kris and Caitlyn Jenner ( previously known as Bruce Jenner ) , and brother Rob Kardashian .","The significant others of the Kardashian sisters have also appeared on the show , including Kourtney 's boyfriend Scott Disick and Khlo\u00e9 's ex-husband Lamar Odom .","Caitlyn 's son Brody made cameo appearances in the early seasons before joining the show to appear regularly , along with his brother Brandon , and Brandon 's wife , Leah .","Kim 's friend Jonathan Cheban and Khlo\u00e9 's friend Malika Haqq have also been part of the show ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The series focuses mainly on sisters Kourtney , Kim , and Khlo\u00e9 Kardashian and their half - sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner, but also features Kris and Caitlyn Jenner (former Bruce Jenner), brother Rob Kardashian, as well as Kourtney's boyfried Scott Disick, and Khloe's ex-husband, Lamar Odom. \r\nCameo appearances by Caitlyn 's son Brody and his wife  Leah . Part of the show have also been Kim 's friend Jonathan Cheban and Khlo\u00e9 's friend Malika Haqq.","selected_sentences":["The series focuses mainly on sisters Kourtney , Kim , and Khlo\u00e9 Kardashian and their half - sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner .","It also features their parents Kris and Caitlyn Jenner ( previously known as Bruce Jenner ) , and brother Rob Kardashian .","The significant others of the Kardashian sisters have also appeared on the show , including Kourtney 's boyfriend Scott Disick and Khlo\u00e9 's ex-husband Lamar Odom .","Caitlyn 's son Brody made cameo appearances in the early seasons before joining the show to appear regularly , along with his brother Brandon , and Brandon 's wife , Leah .","Kim 's friend Jonathan Cheban and Khlo\u00e9 's friend Malika Haqq have also been part of the show ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-3567306321240576148","input":"when does a new school year start in america","passages":[{"title":"First day of school","text":"In the United States , educational policy is determined primarily at the state level and at the level of individual school districts . Therefore , there is no one particular day on which all schools start . The first day of school for many school districts is on the Wednesday after Labor Day ( first Monday in September ) . On that day , public transportation services increase and start the rush hour earlier . In some other school districts , school begins in August and late July . For example , in San Diego Unified School District , San Diego , California , the first school student 's day of 2017 - 18 school year was set to August 28 . ","sentences":["In the United States , educational policy is determined primarily at the state level and at the level of individual school districts .","Therefore , there is no one particular day on which all schools start .","The first day of school for many school districts is on the Wednesday after Labor Day ( first Monday in September ) .","On that day , public transportation services increase and start the rush hour earlier .","In some other school districts , school begins in August and late July .","For example , in San Diego Unified School District , San Diego , California , the first school student 's day of 2017 - 18 school year was set to August 28 ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"There is no one particular day on which all schools start . The first day of school for many school districts is on the Wednesday after Labor Day ( first Monday in September ) . In some other school districts , school begins in August and late July . For example , in San Diego Unified School District , San Diego , California , the first school student 's day of 2017 - 18 school year was set to August 28 .","selected_sentences":["Therefore , there is no one particular day on which all schools start .","The first day of school for many school districts is on the Wednesday after Labor Day ( first Monday in September ) .","In some other school districts , school begins in August and late July .","For example , in San Diego Unified School District , San Diego , California , the first school student 's day of 2017 - 18 school year was set to August 28 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"There is no one particular day on which all schools start. The first day of school for many school districts is on the Wednesday after Labor Day (first Monday in September). In some other school districts, school begins in August and late July.","selected_sentences":["Therefore , there is no one particular day on which all schools start .","The first day of school for many school districts is on the Wednesday after Labor Day ( first Monday in September ) .","In some other school districts , school begins in August and late July .","For example , in San Diego Unified School District , San Diego , California , the first school student 's day of 2017 - 18 school year was set to August 28 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-5579666386261642523","input":"what was the purpose of the molasses act","passages":[{"title":"Molasses Act","text":"The Molasses Act of March 1733 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain ( citation 6 Geo II . c. 13 ) , which imposed a tax of six pence per gallon on imports of molasses from non-English colonies . Parliament created the act largely at the insistence of large plantation owners in the British West Indies . The Act was not passed for the purpose of raising revenue , but rather to regulate trade by making British products cheaper than those from the French West Indies . The Molasses Act greatly affected the significant colonial molasses trade . ","sentences":["The Molasses Act of March 1733 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain ( citation 6 Geo II .","c. 13 ) , which imposed a tax of six pence per gallon on imports of molasses from non-English colonies .","Parliament created the act largely at the insistence of large plantation owners in the British West Indies .","The Act was not passed for the purpose of raising revenue , but rather to regulate trade by making British products cheaper than those from the French West Indies .","The Molasses Act greatly affected the significant colonial molasses trade ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The Molasses Act of March 1733 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain, which imposed a tax of six pence per gallon on imports of molasses from non-English colonies. The Act was not passed for the purpose of raising revenue, but rather to regulate trade by making British products cheaper than those from the French West Indies. The Molasses Act greatly affected the significant colonial molasses trade.","selected_sentences":["The Molasses Act of March 1733 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain ( citation 6 Geo II .","c. 13 ) , which imposed a tax of six pence per gallon on imports of molasses from non-English colonies .","The Act was not passed for the purpose of raising revenue , but rather to regulate trade by making British products cheaper than those from the French West Indies .","The Molasses Act greatly affected the significant colonial molasses trade ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The Molasses Act of March 1733 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain ( citation 6 Geo II . c. 13 ) , which imposed a tax of six pence per gallon on imports of molasses from non-English colonies .","selected_sentences":["The Molasses Act of March 1733 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain ( citation 6 Geo II .","c. 13 ) , which imposed a tax of six pence per gallon on imports of molasses from non-English colonies ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-2971066805564800926","input":"who are the three judges on american idol 2018","passages":[{"title":"American Idol","text":"In early 2017 , Variety reported that Fremantle Media was in talks to revive the show for NBC or for its original network , Fox . A dispute between Fremantle and Core Media Group derailed these plans . Then , in May 2017 , it was announced that ABC was making a bid to revive the program . Later , ABC announced that it had acquired the rights to the series , and that American Idol would return for the 2017 -- 18 television season . On May 16 , Katy Perry was the first judge to be announced by ABC . On July 20 , 2017 , it was announced on Live with Kelly and Ryan , that Ryan Seacrest would be returning as the host for the revival season . On September 24 , 2017 , Luke Bryan was the second judge to be announced for the revival season . On September 29 , 2017 , Lionel Richie was the third and final judge to be announced . On November 6 , 2017 , it was announced that the revival season would premiere on March 11 , 2018 . ","sentences":["In early 2017 , Variety reported that Fremantle Media was in talks to revive the show for NBC or for its original network , Fox .","A dispute between Fremantle and Core Media Group derailed these plans .","Then , in May 2017 , it was announced that ABC was making a bid to revive the program .","Later , ABC announced that it had acquired the rights to the series , and that American Idol would return for the 2017 -- 18 television season .","On May 16 , Katy Perry was the first judge to be announced by ABC .","On July 20 , 2017 , it was announced on Live with Kelly and Ryan , that Ryan Seacrest would be returning as the host for the revival season .","On September 24 , 2017 , Luke Bryan was the second judge to be announced for the revival season .","On September 29 , 2017 , Lionel Richie was the third and final judge to be announced .","On November 6 , 2017 , it was announced that the revival season would premiere on March 11 , 2018 ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Katy Perry, Luke Bryan, and Lionel Richie were the judges for American Idol revival season, which would premiere on March 11 , 2018.","selected_sentences":["On May 16 , Katy Perry was the first judge to be announced by ABC .","On September 24 , 2017 , Luke Bryan was the second judge to be announced for the revival season .","On September 29 , 2017 , Lionel Richie was the third and final judge to be announced .","On November 6 , 2017 , it was announced that the revival season would premiere on March 11 , 2018 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"1897426264536254359","input":"who did the english take new york from what was it called before the english named it new york","passages":[{"title":"New Amsterdam","text":"On August 27 , 1664 , while England and the Dutch Republic were at peace , four English frigates sailed into New Amsterdam 's harbor and demanded New Netherland 's surrender , whereupon New Netherland was provisionally ceded by Stuyvesant . On September 6 , Stuyvesant sent lawyer Johannes de Decker and five other delegates to sign the official Articles of Capitulation . This was swiftly followed by the Second Anglo - Dutch War , between England and the Dutch Republic . In June 1665 , New Amsterdam was reincorporated under English law as New York City , named after the Duke of York ( later King James II ) . He was the brother of the English King Charles II , who had been granted the lands . ","sentences":["On August 27 , 1664 , while England and the Dutch Republic were at peace , four English frigates sailed into New Amsterdam 's harbor and demanded New Netherland 's surrender , whereupon New Netherland was provisionally ceded by Stuyvesant .","On September 6 , Stuyvesant sent lawyer Johannes de Decker and five other delegates to sign the official Articles of Capitulation .","This was swiftly followed by the Second Anglo - Dutch War , between England and the Dutch Republic .","In June 1665 , New Amsterdam was reincorporated under English law as New York City , named after the Duke of York ( later King James II ) .","He was the brother of the English King Charles II , who had been granted the lands ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"On August 27 , 1664 , while England and the Dutch Republic were at peace , four English frigates sailed into New Amsterdam 's harbor and demanded New Netherland 's surrender , whereupon New Netherland was provisionally ceded by Stuyvesant . In June 1665 , New Amsterdam was reincorporated under English law as New York City.","selected_sentences":["On August 27 , 1664 , while England and the Dutch Republic were at peace , four English frigates sailed into New Amsterdam 's harbor and demanded New Netherland 's surrender , whereupon New Netherland was provisionally ceded by Stuyvesant .","In June 1665 , New Amsterdam was reincorporated under English law as New York City , named after the Duke of York ( later King James II ) ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-547956488374826249","input":"the function of the semicircular canals\u200b is","passages":[{"title":"Semicircular canals","text":"Each canal is filled with a fluid called endolymph and contains motion sensors within the fluids . At the base of each canal , the bony region of the canal is enlarged which opens into the utricle and has a dilated sac at one end called the osseous ampullae . Within the ampulla is a mound of hair cells and supporting cells called crista ampullaris . These hair cells have many cytoplasmic projections on the apical surface called stereocilia which are embedded in a gelatinous structure called the cupula . As the head rotates the duct moves but the endolymph lags behind owing to inertia . This deflects the cupula and bends the stereocilia within . The bending of these stereocilia alters an electric signal that is transmitted to the brain . Within approximately 10 seconds of achieving constant motion , the endolymph catches up with the movement of the duct and the cupula is no longer affected , stopping the sensation of acceleration . The specific gravity of the cupula is comparable to that of the surrounding endolymph . Consequently , the cupula is not displaced by gravity , unlike the otolithic membranes of the utricle and saccule . As with macular hair cells , hair cells of the crista ampullaris will depolarise when the stereocilia deflect towards the kinocilium . Deflection in the opposite direction results in hyperpolarisation and inhibition . In the horizontal canal , ampullopetal flow is necessary for hair - cell stimulation , whereas ampullofugal flow is necessary in the anterior and posterior canals . ","sentences":["Each canal is filled with a fluid called endolymph and contains motion sensors within the fluids .","At the base of each canal , the bony region of the canal is enlarged which opens into the utricle and has a dilated sac at one end called the osseous ampullae .","Within the ampulla is a mound of hair cells and supporting cells called crista ampullaris .","These hair cells have many cytoplasmic projections on the apical surface called stereocilia which are embedded in a gelatinous structure called the cupula .","As the head rotates the duct moves but the endolymph lags behind owing to inertia .","This deflects the cupula and bends the stereocilia within .","The bending of these stereocilia alters an electric signal that is transmitted to the brain .","Within approximately 10 seconds of achieving constant motion , the endolymph catches up with the movement of the duct and the cupula is no longer affected , stopping the sensation of acceleration .","The specific gravity of the cupula is comparable to that of the surrounding endolymph .","Consequently , the cupula is not displaced by gravity , unlike the otolithic membranes of the utricle and saccule .","As with macular hair cells , hair cells of the crista ampullaris will depolarise when the stereocilia deflect towards the kinocilium .","Deflection in the opposite direction results in hyperpolarisation and inhibition .","In the horizontal canal , ampullopetal flow is necessary for hair - cell stimulation , whereas ampullofugal flow is necessary in the anterior and posterior canals ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Each semicircular canal is filled with a fluid called endolymph and contains motion sensors within the fluids . At the base of each canal , the bony region of the canal is enlarged which opens into the utricle and has a dilated sac at one end called the osseous ampullae . In the horizontal canal , ampullopetal flow is necessary for hair - cell stimulation , whereas ampullofugal flow is necessary in the anterior and posterior canals .","selected_sentences":["Each canal is filled with a fluid called endolymph and contains motion sensors within the fluids .","At the base of each canal , the bony region of the canal is enlarged which opens into the utricle and has a dilated sac at one end called the osseous ampullae .","In the horizontal canal , ampullopetal flow is necessary for hair - cell stimulation , whereas ampullofugal flow is necessary in the anterior and posterior canals ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"","selected_sentences":[],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":true,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"8655741853358662357","input":"why did jamie kill her mom in halloween 4","passages":[{"title":"Jamie Lloyd","text":"Escaping from town , Jamie cowers in a pick - up truck as Rachel hits Michael head on , throwing him off the road and knocking him out . Despite Rachel 's orders , Jamie goes over to him and holds his hand . The police tell Jamie to drop to the ground and shoot Michael many times , causing him to fall into an abandoned mine shaft , which then collapses on top of him . Later , back in her foster home , Jamie is possessed by Michael 's spirit and stabs her foster mother , though not fatally . When screams are heard from upstairs , Dr. Loomis walks over to the staircase seeing Jamie poised at the top holding a pair of bloody scissors . Sheriff Ben Meeker ( Beau Starr ) restrains Loomis from shooting her . Jamie is now apparently consumed by Michael 's rage . ","sentences":["Escaping from town , Jamie cowers in a pick - up truck as Rachel hits Michael head on , throwing him off the road and knocking him out .","Despite Rachel 's orders , Jamie goes over to him and holds his hand .","The police tell Jamie to drop to the ground and shoot Michael many times , causing him to fall into an abandoned mine shaft , which then collapses on top of him .","Later , back in her foster home , Jamie is possessed by Michael 's spirit and stabs her foster mother , though not fatally .","When screams are heard from upstairs , Dr. Loomis walks over to the staircase seeing Jamie poised at the top holding a pair of bloody scissors .","Sheriff Ben Meeker ( Beau Starr ) restrains Loomis from shooting her .","Jamie is now apparently consumed by Michael 's rage ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Jamie is possessed by Michael's spirit and stabs her foster mother, though not fatally.  Jamie is now apparently consumed by Michael's rage.","selected_sentences":["Later , back in her foster home , Jamie is possessed by Michael 's spirit and stabs her foster mother , though not fatally .","Jamie is now apparently consumed by Michael 's rage ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-2941144753522933171","input":"why were the statues of easter island built","passages":[{"title":"Moai","text":"The statues were carved by the Polynesian colonizers of the island , mostly between circa 1250 A.D. and 1500 A.D. In addition to representing deceased ancestors , the moai , once they were erected on ahu , may also have been regarded as the embodiment of powerful living or former chiefs and important lineage status symbols . Each moai presented a status : `` The larger the statue placed upon an ahu , the more mana the chief who commissioned it had . '' The competition for grandest statue was ever prevalent in the culture of the Easter Islanders . The proof stems from the varying sizes of moai . ","sentences":["The statues were carved by the Polynesian colonizers of the island , mostly between circa 1250 A.D. and 1500 A.D.","In addition to representing deceased ancestors , the moai , once they were erected on ahu , may also have been regarded as the embodiment of powerful living or former chiefs and important lineage status symbols .","Each moai presented a status : `` The larger the statue placed upon an ahu , the more mana the chief who commissioned it had . ''","The competition for grandest statue was ever prevalent in the culture of the Easter Islanders .","The proof stems from the varying sizes of moai ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"In addition to representing deceased ancestors, the moai may also have been regarded as the embodiment of powerful living or former chiefs and important lineage status symbols. The competition for grandest statue was ever prevalent in the culture of the Easter Islanders.","selected_sentences":["In addition to representing deceased ancestors , the moai , once they were erected on ahu , may also have been regarded as the embodiment of powerful living or former chiefs and important lineage status symbols .","The competition for grandest statue was ever prevalent in the culture of the Easter Islanders ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-2041797756397877903","input":"identify four problem affecting the mining industry in nigeria","passages":[{"title":"Mining industry of Nigeria","text":"The mining of minerals in Nigeria accounts for only 0.3 % of its GDP , due to the influence of its vast oil resources . The domestic mining industry is underdeveloped , leading to Nigeria having to import minerals that it could produce domestically , such as salt or iron ore . Rights to ownership of mineral resources is held by the Federal government of Nigeria , which grants titles to organizations to explore , mine , and sell mineral resources . Organized mining began in 1903 when the Mineral Survey of the Northern Protectorates was created by the British colonial government . A year later , the Mineral Survey of the Southern Protectorates was founded . By the 1940s , Nigeria was a major producer of tin , columbite , and coal . The discovery of oil in 1956 hurt the mineral extraction industries , as government and industry both began to focus on this new resource . The Nigerian Civil War in the late 1960s led many expatriate mining experts to leave the country . Mining regulation is handled by the Ministry of Solid Minerals Development , which oversees the management of all mineral resources . Mining law is codified in the Federal Minerals and Mining Act of 1999 . Historically , Nigeria 's mining industry was monopolized by state - owned public corporations . This led to a decline in productivity in almost all mineral industries . The Obasanjo administration began a process of selling off government - owned corporations to private investors in 1999 . ","sentences":["The mining of minerals in Nigeria accounts for only 0.3 % of its GDP , due to the influence of its vast oil resources .","The domestic mining industry is underdeveloped , leading to Nigeria having to import minerals that it could produce domestically , such as salt or iron ore .","Rights to ownership of mineral resources is held by the Federal government of Nigeria , which grants titles to organizations to explore , mine , and sell mineral resources .","Organized mining began in 1903 when the Mineral Survey of the Northern Protectorates was created by the British colonial government .","A year later , the Mineral Survey of the Southern Protectorates was founded .","By the 1940s , Nigeria was a major producer of tin , columbite , and coal .","The discovery of oil in 1956 hurt the mineral extraction industries , as government and industry both began to focus on this new resource .","The Nigerian Civil War in the late 1960s led many expatriate mining experts to leave the country .","Mining regulation is handled by the Ministry of Solid Minerals Development , which oversees the management of all mineral resources .","Mining law is codified in the Federal Minerals and Mining Act of 1999 .","Historically , Nigeria 's mining industry was monopolized by state - owned public corporations .","This led to a decline in productivity in almost all mineral industries .","The Obasanjo administration began a process of selling off government - owned corporations to private investors in 1999 ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The discovery of oil in 1956 hurt the mineral extraction industries, as government and industry both began to focus on this new resource. The Nigerian Civil War in the late 1960s led many expatriate mining experts to leave the country.   Also, monopolized by state - owned public corporations led to a decline in productivity in almost all mineral industries.","selected_sentences":["The discovery of oil in 1956 hurt the mineral extraction industries , as government and industry both began to focus on this new resource .","The Nigerian Civil War in the late 1960s led many expatriate mining experts to leave the country .","Historically , Nigeria 's mining industry was monopolized by state - owned public corporations .","This led to a decline in productivity in almost all mineral industries ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-2975380728484507671","input":"what was the purpose of the reichstag fire","passages":[{"title":"Reichstag fire","text":"In February 1933 , three men were arrested who were to play pivotal roles during the Leipzig Trial , known also as the `` Reichstag Fire Trial '' : Bulgarians Georgi Dimitrov , Vasil Tanev and Blagoy Popov . The Bulgarians were known to the Prussian police as senior Comintern operatives , but the police had no idea how senior they were : Dimitrov was head of all Comintern operations in Western Europe . The responsibility for the Reichstag fire remains an ongoing topic of debate and research . Historians disagree as to whether van der Lubbe acted alone , as he said , to protest the condition of the German working class . The Nazis accused the Comintern of the act . Some historians endorse the theory , initially proposed by the Communist Party , that the arson was planned and ordered by the Nazis as a false flag operation . The building remained in its fire - damaged state until it was partially repaired from 1961 to 1964 , then completely restored from 1995 to 1999 . ","sentences":["In February 1933 , three men were arrested who were to play pivotal roles during the Leipzig Trial , known also as the `` Reichstag Fire Trial '' : Bulgarians Georgi Dimitrov , Vasil Tanev and Blagoy Popov .","The Bulgarians were known to the Prussian police as senior Comintern operatives , but the police had no idea how senior they were : Dimitrov was head of all Comintern operations in Western Europe .","The responsibility for the Reichstag fire remains an ongoing topic of debate and research .","Historians disagree as to whether van der Lubbe acted alone , as he said , to protest the condition of the German working class .","The Nazis accused the Comintern of the act .","Some historians endorse the theory , initially proposed by the Communist Party , that the arson was planned and ordered by the Nazis as a false flag operation .","The building remained in its fire - damaged state until it was partially repaired from 1961 to 1964 , then completely restored from 1995 to 1999 ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Historians disagree as to whether van der Lubbe acted alone , as he said , to protest the condition of the German working class . Other historians endorse the theory which was initially proposed by the Communist Party , that the arson was planned and ordered by the Nazis as a false flag operation .","selected_sentences":["Historians disagree as to whether van der Lubbe acted alone , as he said , to protest the condition of the German working class .","Some historians endorse the theory , initially proposed by the Communist Party , that the arson was planned and ordered by the Nazis as a false flag operation ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"","selected_sentences":[],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":true,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-4201107548677275710","input":"what is wonder woman's sword and shield made of","passages":[{"title":"Wonder Woman","text":"Diana 's bulletproof bracelets were formed from the remnants of Athena 's legendary shield , the Aegis , to be awarded to her champion . The shield was made from the indestructible hide of the great she - goat , Amalthea , who suckled Zeus as an infant . These forearm guards have thus far proven indestructible and able to absorb the impact of incoming attacks , allowing Wonder Woman to deflect automatic weapon fire and energy blasts . Diana can slam the bracelets together to create a wave of concussive force capable of making strong beings like Superman 's ears bleed . Recently , she gained the ability to channel Zeus 's lightning through her bracelets as well . Zeus explained to her that this power had been contained within the bracelets since their creation , because they were once part of the Aegis , and that he had only recently unlocked it for her use . After the 2011 relaunch of the character , it was revealed that Diana was the daughter of Zeus and Hippolyta and that the bracelets are able to keep the powers she had inherited from Zeus in check . In addition , Hephaestus has modified the bracelets to allow Wonder Woman the sorcerous ability to manifest a sword of grayish metal from each bracelet . Each sword , marked with a red star , takes shape from a flash of lightning , and when Wonder Woman is done with them , the swords disappear , supposedly , back into her bracelets . As such , she has produced other weapons from the bracelets in this way such as a bow that fires explosive arrows , spears and energy bolts among others . ","sentences":["Diana 's bulletproof bracelets were formed from the remnants of Athena 's legendary shield , the Aegis , to be awarded to her champion .","The shield was made from the indestructible hide of the great she - goat , Amalthea , who suckled Zeus as an infant .","These forearm guards have thus far proven indestructible and able to absorb the impact of incoming attacks , allowing Wonder Woman to deflect automatic weapon fire and energy blasts .","Diana can slam the bracelets together to create a wave of concussive force capable of making strong beings like Superman 's ears bleed .","Recently , she gained the ability to channel Zeus 's lightning through her bracelets as well .","Zeus explained to her that this power had been contained within the bracelets since their creation , because they were once part of the Aegis , and that he had only recently unlocked it for her use .","After the 2011 relaunch of the character , it was revealed that Diana was the daughter of Zeus and Hippolyta and that the bracelets are able to keep the powers she had inherited from Zeus in check .","In addition , Hephaestus has modified the bracelets to allow Wonder Woman the sorcerous ability to manifest a sword of grayish metal from each bracelet .","Each sword , marked with a red star , takes shape from a flash of lightning , and when Wonder Woman is done with them , the swords disappear , supposedly , back into her bracelets .","As such , she has produced other weapons from the bracelets in this way such as a bow that fires explosive arrows , spears and energy bolts among others ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Diana 's bulletproof bracelets were formed from the remnants of Athena 's legendary shield , the Aegis, and the shield was made from the indestructible hide of the great she - goat , Amalthea . In addition , Hephaestus has modified the bracelets to allow Wonder Woman the sorcerous ability to manifest a sword of grayish metal from each bracelet .","selected_sentences":["Diana 's bulletproof bracelets were formed from the remnants of Athena 's legendary shield , the Aegis , to be awarded to her champion .","The shield was made from the indestructible hide of the great she - goat , Amalthea , who suckled Zeus as an infant .","In addition , Hephaestus has modified the bracelets to allow Wonder Woman the sorcerous ability to manifest a sword of grayish metal from each bracelet ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"1000447235989441874","input":"what is the difference between a word and a morpheme","passages":[{"title":"Morpheme","text":"A morpheme is the smallest grammatical unit in a language . In other words , it is the smallest meaningful unit of a language . The linguistics field of study dedicated to morphemes is called morphology . A morpheme is not identical to a word , and the principal difference between the two is that a morpheme may or may not stand alone , whereas a word , by definition , is freestanding . When a morpheme stands by itself , it is considered as a root because it has a meaning of its own ( e.g. the morpheme cat ) and when it depends on another morpheme to express an idea , it is an affix because it has a grammatical function ( e.g. the -- s in cats to indicate that it is plural ) . Every word comprises one or more morphemes . ","sentences":["A morpheme is the smallest grammatical unit in a language .","In other words , it is the smallest meaningful unit of a language .","The linguistics field of study dedicated to morphemes is called morphology .","A morpheme is not identical to a word , and the principal difference between the two is that a morpheme may or may not stand alone , whereas a word , by definition , is freestanding .","When a morpheme stands by itself , it is considered as a root because it has a meaning of its own ( e.g. the morpheme cat ) and when it depends on another morpheme to express an idea , it is an affix because it has a grammatical function ( e.g. the -- s in cats to indicate that it is plural ) .","Every word comprises one or more morphemes ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"A morpheme is not identical to a word , and the principal difference between the two is that a morpheme may or may not stand alone , whereas a word , by definition , is freestanding . Every word comprises one or more morphemes .","selected_sentences":["A morpheme is not identical to a word , and the principal difference between the two is that a morpheme may or may not stand alone , whereas a word , by definition , is freestanding .","Every word comprises one or more morphemes ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-3249167027666800308","input":"has the university of kentucky ever won a national championship in football","passages":[{"title":"Kentucky Wildcats football","text":"The NCAA has never officially recognized a national champion from among the bowl coalition institutions , but in 2004 the NCAA commissioned Jeff Sagarin to use his computer model to retroactively determine the highest ranked teams for the years prior to the BCS . His champion for the 1950 season is Kentucky . The polls for the 1950 national champion , taken before the bowl games were played , list either Oklahoma ( AP , Berryman , Helms , Litkenhous , UPI , Williamson ) , Princeton ( Boand , Poling ) , or Tennessee ( Billingsley , DeVold , Dunkel , Missouri , Don Faurot Football Research , National Championship Foundation , Sagarin ( ELO - Chess ) ) . Tennessee was the winner of the Cotton Bowl and the only team to beat Kentucky during the 1950 season . Oklahoma was named National Champion by AP and UPI Coaches ' Poll , both which awarded their titles before the bowl games . Kentucky would go on to beat Oklahoma in the Sugar Bowl . However , they are still not recognized as national champions for that year . ","sentences":["The NCAA has never officially recognized a national champion from among the bowl coalition institutions , but in 2004 the NCAA commissioned Jeff Sagarin to use his computer model to retroactively determine the highest ranked teams for the years prior to the BCS .","His champion for the 1950 season is Kentucky .","The polls for the 1950 national champion , taken before the bowl games were played , list either Oklahoma ( AP , Berryman , Helms , Litkenhous , UPI , Williamson ) , Princeton ( Boand , Poling ) , or Tennessee ( Billingsley , DeVold , Dunkel , Missouri , Don Faurot Football Research , National Championship Foundation , Sagarin ( ELO - Chess ) ) .","Tennessee was the winner of the Cotton Bowl and the only team to beat Kentucky during the 1950 season .","Oklahoma was named National Champion by AP and UPI Coaches ' Poll , both which awarded their titles before the bowl games .","Kentucky would go on to beat Oklahoma in the Sugar Bowl .","However , they are still not recognized as national champions for that year ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The NCAA has never officially recognized a national champion from among the bowl coalition institutions.  In 1950, Kentucky would go on to beat Oklahoma in the Sugar Bowl, however, they are still not recognized as national champions for that year.","selected_sentences":["The NCAA has never officially recognized a national champion from among the bowl coalition institutions , but in 2004 the NCAA commissioned Jeff Sagarin to use his computer model to retroactively determine the highest ranked teams for the years prior to the BCS .","His champion for the 1950 season is Kentucky .","Kentucky would go on to beat Oklahoma in the Sugar Bowl .","However , they are still not recognized as national champions for that year ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-8575645126450111771","input":"what is the meaning of eid in arabic","passages":[{"title":"Eid al-Adha","text":"Eid al - Adha ( Arabic : \u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u062d\u0649 \u200e , translit . \u02bf\u012bd al - a\u1e0d\u1e25\u0101 , lit . ' Feast of the Sacrifice ' \u200e , ( \u0295i\u02d0d \u00e6l\u02c8\u0294\u0251d\u0295\u0127\u00e6\u02d0 ) ) , also called the `` Sacrifice Feast '' , is the second of two Muslim holidays celebrated worldwide each year , and considered the holier of the two . It honors the willingness of Ibrahim ( Abraham ) to sacrifice his son , as an act of obedience to God 's command . Before Abraham sacrificed his son , God provided a male goat to sacrifice instead . In commemoration of this , an animal is sacrificed and divided into three parts : one third of the share is given to the poor and needy ; another third is given to relatives , friends and neighbors ; and the remaining third is retained by the family . ","sentences":["Eid al - Adha ( Arabic : \u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u062d\u0649 \u200e , translit .","\u02bf\u012bd al - a\u1e0d\u1e25\u0101 , lit . '","Feast of the Sacrifice ' \u200e , ( \u0295i\u02d0d \u00e6l\u02c8\u0294\u0251d\u0295\u0127\u00e6\u02d0 ) ) , also called the `` Sacrifice Feast '' , is the second of two Muslim holidays celebrated worldwide each year , and considered the holier of the two .","It honors the willingness of Ibrahim ( Abraham ) to sacrifice his son , as an act of obedience to God 's command .","Before Abraham sacrificed his son , God provided a male goat to sacrifice instead .","In commemoration of this , an animal is sacrificed and divided into three parts : one third of the share is given to the poor and needy ; another third is given to relatives , friends and neighbors ; and the remaining third is retained by the family ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Eid al - Adha, Feast of the Sacrifice, also called the `` Sacrifice Feast '', is the second of two Muslim holidays celebrated worldwide each year, and considered the holier of the two. It honors the willingness of Ibrahim (Abraham) to sacrifice his son, as an act of obedience to God's command. Before Abraham sacrificed his son, God provided a male goat to sacrifice instead. In commemoration of this, an animal is sacrificed and divided into three parts: one third of the share is given to the poor and needy; another third is given to relatives, friends and neighbors; and the remaining third is retained by the family.","selected_sentences":["Eid al - Adha ( Arabic : \u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u062d\u0649 \u200e , translit .","Feast of the Sacrifice ' \u200e , ( \u0295i\u02d0d \u00e6l\u02c8\u0294\u0251d\u0295\u0127\u00e6\u02d0 ) ) , also called the `` Sacrifice Feast '' , is the second of two Muslim holidays celebrated worldwide each year , and considered the holier of the two .","It honors the willingness of Ibrahim ( Abraham ) to sacrifice his son , as an act of obedience to God 's command .","Before Abraham sacrificed his son , God provided a male goat to sacrifice instead .","In commemoration of this , an animal is sacrificed and divided into three parts : one third of the share is given to the poor and needy ; another third is given to relatives , friends and neighbors ; and the remaining third is retained by the family ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Eid al - Adha, 'Feast of the Sacrifice ', also called the `` Sacrifice Feast '', is the second of two Muslim holidays celebrated worldwide each year, and considered the holier of the two.","selected_sentences":["Eid al - Adha ( Arabic : \u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u062d\u0649 \u200e , translit .","\u02bf\u012bd al - a\u1e0d\u1e25\u0101 , lit . '","Feast of the Sacrifice ' \u200e , ( \u0295i\u02d0d \u00e6l\u02c8\u0294\u0251d\u0295\u0127\u00e6\u02d0 ) ) , also called the `` Sacrifice Feast '' , is the second of two Muslim holidays celebrated worldwide each year , and considered the holier of the two ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-5564082149455239127","input":"who is quality of human being is necessary to lead a happy life","passages":[{"title":"Quality of life","text":"Unlike per capita GDP or standard of living , both of which can be measured in financial terms , it is harder to make objective or long - term measurements of the quality of life experienced by nations or other groups of people . Researchers have begun in recent times to distinguish two aspects of personal well - being : Emotional well - being , in which respondents are asked about the quality of their everyday emotional experiences -- the frequency and intensity of their experiences of , for example , joy , stress , sadness , anger , and affection -- and life evaluation , in which respondents are asked to think about their life in general and evaluate it against a scale . Such and other systems and scales of measurement have been in use for some time . Research has attempted to examine the relationship between quality of life and productivity . There are many different methods of measuring quality of life in terms of health care , wealth and materialistic goods . However , it is much more difficult to measure meaningful expression of one 's desires . One way to do so is to evaluate the scope of how individuals have fulfilled their own ideals . Quality of life can simply mean happiness , the subjective state of mind . By using that mentality , citizens of a developing country appreciate more since they are content with the basic necessities of health care , education and child protection . ","sentences":["Unlike per capita GDP or standard of living , both of which can be measured in financial terms , it is harder to make objective or long - term measurements of the quality of life experienced by nations or other groups of people .","Researchers have begun in recent times to distinguish two aspects of personal well - being : Emotional well - being , in which respondents are asked about the quality of their everyday emotional experiences -- the frequency and intensity of their experiences of , for example , joy , stress , sadness , anger , and affection -- and life evaluation , in which respondents are asked to think about their life in general and evaluate it against a scale .","Such and other systems and scales of measurement have been in use for some time .","Research has attempted to examine the relationship between quality of life and productivity .","There are many different methods of measuring quality of life in terms of health care , wealth and materialistic goods .","However , it is much more difficult to measure meaningful expression of one 's desires .","One way to do so is to evaluate the scope of how individuals have fulfilled their own ideals .","Quality of life can simply mean happiness , the subjective state of mind .","By using that mentality , citizens of a developing country appreciate more since they are content with the basic necessities of health care , education and child protection ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Researchers have begun in recent times to distinguish two aspects of personal well - being : Emotional well - being , in which respondents are asked about the quality of their everyday emotional experiences -- the frequency and intensity of their experiences of , for example , joy , stress , sadness , anger , and affection -- and life evaluation , in which respondents are asked to think about their life in general and evaluate it against a scale .\r\nQuality of life can simply mean happiness , the subjective state of mind .","selected_sentences":["Researchers have begun in recent times to distinguish two aspects of personal well - being : Emotional well - being , in which respondents are asked about the quality of their everyday emotional experiences -- the frequency and intensity of their experiences of , for example , joy , stress , sadness , anger , and affection -- and life evaluation , in which respondents are asked to think about their life in general and evaluate it against a scale .","Quality of life can simply mean happiness , the subjective state of mind ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"","selected_sentences":[],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":true,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-8073169326776686920","input":"what was the role of the elizabethan privy council","passages":[{"title":"Elizabethan government","text":"The Privy Council was Elizabeth 's group of advisers . Its main purpose was to give numerous different opinions and the monarch decided on the issue at hand . ( However , the advice was often ignored ; the Council still carried out her wishes . ) Routine administration was usually left to the Council . It was involved in matters of religion , military , the queen 's security , economics , and the welfare of the citizens . It dealt with both matters of national and individual interest , issued proclamations in the queen 's name , and supervised law and enforcement . ","sentences":["The Privy Council was Elizabeth 's group of advisers .","Its main purpose was to give numerous different opinions and the monarch decided on the issue at hand .","( However , the advice was often ignored ; the Council still carried out her wishes . )","Routine administration was usually left to the Council .","It was involved in matters of religion , military , the queen 's security , economics , and the welfare of the citizens .","It dealt with both matters of national and individual interest , issued proclamations in the queen 's name , and supervised law and enforcement ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The Privy Council was Elizabeth's group of advisers. Its main purpose was to give numerous different opinions and the monarch decided on the issue at hand, but routine administration was usually left to the Council. It dealt with both matters of national and individual interest, issued proclamations in the queen's name, and supervised law and enforcement.","selected_sentences":["The Privy Council was Elizabeth 's group of advisers .","Its main purpose was to give numerous different opinions and the monarch decided on the issue at hand .","Routine administration was usually left to the Council .","It dealt with both matters of national and individual interest , issued proclamations in the queen 's name , and supervised law and enforcement ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-6128121563108424852","input":"where did many of the names for the constellations come from","passages":[{"title":"Constellation","text":"Historically , the constellations can be simply divided into two regions ; namely the northern and southern sky , whose origins are distinctly different . The northern skies have constellations that have mostly survived since Antiquity , whose common names are based on Classical Greek legends or those whose true origins have now been lost . Evidence of these constellations have survived in the form of star charts , whose oldest representation appears on the statue known as the Farnese Atlas , which has been suggested to be based on the star catalogue of the Greek astronomer , Hipparchus . Southern hemisphere constellations are more modern inventions , which were created as new constellations , or become substitutes for some ancient constellation . e.g. Argo Navis . Some southern constellations were to become obsolete or had extended names that became foreshortened to more usable forms e.g. Musca Australis became simply Musca . ","sentences":["Historically , the constellations can be simply divided into two regions ; namely the northern and southern sky , whose origins are distinctly different .","The northern skies have constellations that have mostly survived since Antiquity , whose common names are based on Classical Greek legends or those whose true origins have now been lost .","Evidence of these constellations have survived in the form of star charts , whose oldest representation appears on the statue known as the Farnese Atlas , which has been suggested to be based on the star catalogue of the Greek astronomer , Hipparchus .","Southern hemisphere constellations are more modern inventions , which were created as new constellations , or become substitutes for some ancient constellation .","e.g. Argo Navis .","Some southern constellations were to become obsolete or had extended names that became foreshortened to more usable forms e.g. Musca Australis became simply Musca ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Historically , the constellations can be simply divided into two regions ; namely the northern and southern sky. The northern skies have constellations whose common names are based on Classical Greek legends or those whose true origins have now been lost. Some southern constellations were to become obsolete or had extended names that became foreshortened to more usable forms e.g. Musca Australis became simply Musca.","selected_sentences":["Historically , the constellations can be simply divided into two regions ; namely the northern and southern sky , whose origins are distinctly different .","The northern skies have constellations that have mostly survived since Antiquity , whose common names are based on Classical Greek legends or those whose true origins have now been lost .","Some southern constellations were to become obsolete or had extended names that became foreshortened to more usable forms e.g. Musca Australis became simply Musca ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-1381572815481993720","input":"who are the sirens in brother where art thou","passages":[{"title":"O Brother, Where Art Thou?","text":"Near a river , the group hears singing . They see three women washing clothes and singing . The women drug them with corn whiskey and they lose consciousness . Upon waking , Delmar finds Pete 's clothes lying next to him , empty except for a toad . Delmar is convinced the women were Sirens and transformed Pete into the toad . Later , one - eyed Bible salesman Big Dan Teague invites them for a picnic lunch , then mugs them and kills the toad . ","sentences":["Near a river , the group hears singing .","They see three women washing clothes and singing .","The women drug them with corn whiskey and they lose consciousness .","Upon waking , Delmar finds Pete 's clothes lying next to him , empty except for a toad .","Delmar is convinced the women were Sirens and transformed Pete into the toad .","Later , one - eyed Bible salesman Big Dan Teague invites them for a picnic lunch , then mugs them and kills the toad ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Delmar is convinced that the three women washing clothes and singing were Sirens.","selected_sentences":["They see three women washing clothes and singing .","Delmar is convinced the women were Sirens and transformed Pete into the toad ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Delmar is convinced that the three women who drugged him and the group with corn whiskey were Sirens.","selected_sentences":["Near a river , the group hears singing .","They see three women washing clothes and singing .","The women drug them with corn whiskey and they lose consciousness .","Delmar is convinced the women were Sirens and transformed Pete into the toad ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"29428406020748506","input":"what does undrafted free agent mean in nfl","passages":[{"title":"Free agent","text":"Players who are not drafted in a league 's annual draft of amateur players are considered to be unrestricted free agents and are free to sign contracts with any team . In most North American professional sports , players are drafted by sequencing each team from worst to best ( according to the teams ' immediately preceding season record , sometimes invoking a draft lottery factor to avoid having teams intentionally lose their last games to gain higher draft position ) and allowing said teams to claim rights to the top players entering the league that year . Players that pass through an entire draft ( usually several rounds ) without being selected by any of the league 's teams become unrestricted free agents , and these players are sometimes identified simply as an undrafted free agent ( UDFA ) or undrafted sportsperson and are free to sign with any team they choose . The term `` undrafted free agent '' is most common in the National Football League , where rookies enter directly into the NFL and do not play in a minor league system . It can also occasionally be seen in the National Hockey League , which increasingly uses college hockey as a source ; the NHL Entry Draft usually drafts players during high school age ( i.e. , junior leagues ) , which allows overlooked players who excel at the college level or in European professional leagues to bypass the draft and sign directly with the NHL . ","sentences":["Players who are not drafted in a league 's annual draft of amateur players are considered to be unrestricted free agents and are free to sign contracts with any team .","In most North American professional sports , players are drafted by sequencing each team from worst to best ( according to the teams ' immediately preceding season record , sometimes invoking a draft lottery factor to avoid having teams intentionally lose their last games to gain higher draft position ) and allowing said teams to claim rights to the top players entering the league that year .","Players that pass through an entire draft ( usually several rounds ) without being selected by any of the league 's teams become unrestricted free agents , and these players are sometimes identified simply as an undrafted free agent ( UDFA ) or undrafted sportsperson and are free to sign with any team they choose .","The term `` undrafted free agent '' is most common in the National Football League , where rookies enter directly into the NFL and do not play in a minor league system .","It can also occasionally be seen in the National Hockey League , which increasingly uses college hockey as a source ; the NHL Entry Draft usually drafts players during high school age ( i.e. , junior leagues ) , which allows overlooked players who excel at the college level or in European professional leagues to bypass the draft and sign directly with the NHL ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Players that pass through an entire draft without being selected by any of the league's teams become unrestricted free agents and are free to sign with any team they choose.  The term `` undrafted free agent '' is most common in the National Football League, where rookies enter directly into the NFL and do not play in a minor league system.","selected_sentences":["Players who are not drafted in a league 's annual draft of amateur players are considered to be unrestricted free agents and are free to sign contracts with any team .","Players that pass through an entire draft ( usually several rounds ) without being selected by any of the league 's teams become unrestricted free agents , and these players are sometimes identified simply as an undrafted free agent ( UDFA ) or undrafted sportsperson and are free to sign with any team they choose .","The term `` undrafted free agent '' is most common in the National Football League , where rookies enter directly into the NFL and do not play in a minor league system ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Players who pass through an entire draft without being selected by any of the league's teams become unrestricted free agents. These players are sometimes identified as an undrafted free agent ( UDFA ) and are free to sign with any team they choose.","selected_sentences":["Players who are not drafted in a league 's annual draft of amateur players are considered to be unrestricted free agents and are free to sign contracts with any team .","Players that pass through an entire draft ( usually several rounds ) without being selected by any of the league 's teams become unrestricted free agents , and these players are sometimes identified simply as an undrafted free agent ( UDFA ) or undrafted sportsperson and are free to sign with any team they choose ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-1232889570494423885","input":"where does the cedar river begin and end","passages":[{"title":"Cedar River (Iowa River tributary)","text":"The headwaters of the Cedar River are located in Dodge County , Minnesota , consisting of a west fork and middle fork approximately three miles northeast of the town of Blooming Prairie , and an east fork approximately one mile south of the town of Hayfield . It then flows into Mower County , Minnesota through the townships of Udolpho , Lansing , Austin ( where Turtle Creek and Dobbins Creek join it ) , and Lyle . It then flows into Mitchell County , Iowa and Floyd County , Iowa with the endpoint being located in Louisa County , Iowa at the town of Columbus Junction , where it joins with the Iowa River which then winds its way to the Mississippi River . Despite being a tributary of the Iowa River , it appears larger than the Iowa River at their confluence point . Palisades - Kepler State Park is located on the Cedar River near Cedar Rapids . Cedar ","sentences":["The headwaters of the Cedar River are located in Dodge County , Minnesota , consisting of a west fork and middle fork approximately three miles northeast of the town of Blooming Prairie , and an east fork approximately one mile south of the town of Hayfield .","It then flows into Mower County , Minnesota through the townships of Udolpho , Lansing , Austin ( where Turtle Creek and Dobbins Creek join it ) , and Lyle .","It then flows into Mitchell County , Iowa and Floyd County , Iowa with the endpoint being located in Louisa County , Iowa at the town of Columbus Junction , where it joins with the Iowa River which then winds its way to the Mississippi River .","Despite being a tributary of the Iowa River , it appears larger than the Iowa River at their confluence point .","Palisades - Kepler State Park is located on the Cedar River near Cedar Rapids .","Cedar"]}],"output":[{"answer":"The headwaters of the Cedar River are located in Dodge County , Minnesota, with the end point being located in Louisa County , Iowa at the town of Columbus Junction , where it joins with the Iowa River.","selected_sentences":["The headwaters of the Cedar River are located in Dodge County , Minnesota , consisting of a west fork and middle fork approximately three miles northeast of the town of Blooming Prairie , and an east fork approximately one mile south of the town of Hayfield .","It then flows into Mitchell County , Iowa and Floyd County , Iowa with the endpoint being located in Louisa County , Iowa at the town of Columbus Junction , where it joins with the Iowa River which then winds its way to the Mississippi River ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-8041775374831436682","input":"what happens to toby at the end of the office","passages":[{"title":"Toby Flenderson","text":"In `` New Guys '' , Andy returns from Outward Bound manager training , making him become more `` decisive and confident '' . When Andy tells Toby that he plans to fabricate an excuse to fire Nellie , Toby shoots down the idea as a violation of corporate policy , prompting Andy to tell Toby `` I understand why Michael did n't like you . '' When Andy hosts a motivational exercise involving a tightrope , he insults Toby and Nellie in front of the staff . Since that time , Andy has been rude towards Toby in a manner that echoes Michael Scott 's hatred of his harmless HR rep , though Toby seems much less affected by Andy 's behavior than he was by Michael 's . When Andy went off on his long boat trip , Toby 's time in the last season was devoted to his unrequited romantic interest in Nellie Bertram and his belief that he 'd convicted an innocent man during his jury time on the Scranton Strangler case ( a theory he put to rest when he went to visit the convict in prison and was , in fact , strangled and nearly killed by him ) . In the series finale , it 's revealed that Toby was fired immediately after Dwight fired Kevin Malone ( it 's likely that the Corporate office fired Toby and Dwight simply had the burden of telling him ) and Toby then moved to New York where he 's trying to become a novelist and has six roommates . Toby surprises his former co-workers at the reunion panel when he says that his life feels meaningless now that he 's not being filmed for the documentary anymore . He breaks down in tears while dancing with Pam at Dwight and Angela 's wedding , saying of what 's bad in his life that `` It 's everything ! '' , but he seems cheered a little when the group insists he join them for post-wedding festivities . In a photo gallery NBC released of `` where are they now ? '' info - bits for the characters , it 's revealed that Toby has returned to his destiny by taking on an HR position at a TJ Maxx store . ","sentences":["In `` New Guys '' , Andy returns from Outward Bound manager training , making him become more `` decisive and confident '' .","When Andy tells Toby that he plans to fabricate an excuse to fire Nellie , Toby shoots down the idea as a violation of corporate policy , prompting Andy to tell Toby `` I understand why Michael did n't like you . ''","When Andy hosts a motivational exercise involving a tightrope , he insults Toby and Nellie in front of the staff .","Since that time , Andy has been rude towards Toby in a manner that echoes Michael Scott 's hatred of his harmless HR rep , though Toby seems much less affected by Andy 's behavior than he was by Michael 's .","When Andy went off on his long boat trip , Toby 's time in the last season was devoted to his unrequited romantic interest in Nellie Bertram and his belief that he 'd convicted an innocent man during his jury time on the Scranton Strangler case ( a theory he put to rest when he went to visit the convict in prison and was , in fact , strangled and nearly killed by him ) .","In the series finale , it 's revealed that Toby was fired immediately after Dwight fired Kevin Malone ( it 's likely that the Corporate office fired Toby and Dwight simply had the burden of telling him ) and Toby then moved to New York where he 's trying to become a novelist and has six roommates .","Toby surprises his former co-workers at the reunion panel when he says that his life feels meaningless now that he 's not being filmed for the documentary anymore .","He breaks down in tears while dancing with Pam at Dwight and Angela 's wedding , saying of what 's bad in his life that `` It 's everything ! ''",", but he seems cheered a little when the group insists he join them for post-wedding festivities .","In a photo gallery NBC released of `` where are they now ? ''","info - bits for the characters , it 's revealed that Toby has returned to his destiny by taking on an HR position at a TJ Maxx store ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"In the series finale, it's revealed that Toby was fired immediately after Dwight fired Kevin Malone and Toby then moved to New York where he's trying to become a novelist and has six roommates.  In a photo gallery NBC released of `` where are they now? '' info, it's revealed that Toby has returned to his destiny by taking on an HR position at a TJ Maxx store.","selected_sentences":["In the series finale , it 's revealed that Toby was fired immediately after Dwight fired Kevin Malone ( it 's likely that the Corporate office fired Toby and Dwight simply had the burden of telling him ) and Toby then moved to New York where he 's trying to become a novelist and has six roommates .","In a photo gallery NBC released of `` where are they now ? ''","info - bits for the characters , it 's revealed that Toby has returned to his destiny by taking on an HR position at a TJ Maxx store ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"In the series finale, it's revealed that Toby was fired and then moved to New York where he's trying to become a novelist. In a photo gallery NBC released of `` where are they now? '' info, it's revealed that Toby has returned to his destiny by taking on an HR position at a TJ Maxx store.","selected_sentences":["In the series finale , it 's revealed that Toby was fired immediately after Dwight fired Kevin Malone ( it 's likely that the Corporate office fired Toby and Dwight simply had the burden of telling him ) and Toby then moved to New York where he 's trying to become a novelist and has six roommates .","In a photo gallery NBC released of `` where are they now ? ''","info - bits for the characters , it 's revealed that Toby has returned to his destiny by taking on an HR position at a TJ Maxx store ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-3590849776680080342","input":"how much were the actors in friends paid","passages":[{"title":"Friends","text":"In their original contracts for the first season , cast members were paid $22,500 per episode . The cast members received different salaries in the second season , beginning from the $20,000 range to $40,000 per episode . Before their salary negotiations for the third season , the cast decided to enter collective negotiations , despite Warner Bros . ' preference for individual deals . The actors were given the salary of the least paid cast member , meaning Aniston and Schwimmer had their salaries reduced . The stars were paid $75,000 per episode in season three , $85,000 in season four , $100,000 in season five , $125,000 in season six , $750,000 in seasons seven and eight , and $1 million in seasons nine and ten , making Aniston , Cox , and Kudrow the highest - paid TV actresses of all time . The cast also received syndication royalties beginning in 2000 after renegotiations . At the time , that financial benefit of a piece of the show 's lucrative back - end profits had only been given out to stars who had ownership rights in a show , like Jerry Seinfeld and Bill Cosby . ","sentences":["In their original contracts for the first season , cast members were paid $22,500 per episode .","The cast members received different salaries in the second season , beginning from the $20,000 range to $40,000 per episode .","Before their salary negotiations for the third season , the cast decided to enter collective negotiations , despite Warner Bros . '","preference for individual deals .","The actors were given the salary of the least paid cast member , meaning Aniston and Schwimmer had their salaries reduced .","The stars were paid $75,000 per episode in season three , $85,000 in season four , $100,000 in season five , $125,000 in season six , $750,000 in seasons seven and eight , and $1 million in seasons nine and ten , making Aniston , Cox , and Kudrow the highest - paid TV actresses of all time .","The cast also received syndication royalties beginning in 2000 after renegotiations .","At the time , that financial benefit of a piece of the show 's lucrative back - end profits had only been given out to stars who had ownership rights in a show , like Jerry Seinfeld and Bill Cosby ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"In their original contracts for the first season, cast members were paid $22,500 per episode. The stars were paid $75,000 per episode in season three, $85,000 in season four, $100,000 in season five, $125,000 in season six, $750,000 in seasons seven and eight, and $1 million in seasons nine and ten, making Aniston, Cox, and Kudrow the highest - paid TV actresses of all time.","selected_sentences":["In their original contracts for the first season , cast members were paid $22,500 per episode .","The stars were paid $75,000 per episode in season three , $85,000 in season four , $100,000 in season five , $125,000 in season six , $750,000 in seasons seven and eight , and $1 million in seasons nine and ten , making Aniston , Cox , and Kudrow the highest - paid TV actresses of all time ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"In their original contracts for the first season of Friends , cast members were paid $22,500 per episode .The cast members received different salaries in the second season , beginning from the $20,000 range to $40,000 per episode . The stars were paid $75,000 per episode in season three , $85,000 in season four , $100,000 in season five , $125,000 in season six , $750,000 in seasons seven and eight , and $1 million in seasons nine and ten , making Aniston , Cox , and Kudrow the highest - paid TV actresses of all time .","selected_sentences":["In their original contracts for the first season , cast members were paid $22,500 per episode .","The cast members received different salaries in the second season , beginning from the $20,000 range to $40,000 per episode .","The stars were paid $75,000 per episode in season three , $85,000 in season four , $100,000 in season five , $125,000 in season six , $750,000 in seasons seven and eight , and $1 million in seasons nine and ten , making Aniston , Cox , and Kudrow the highest - paid TV actresses of all time ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-2097010749137006349","input":"where did they film game of thrones season 2","passages":[{"title":"Game of Thrones (season 2)","text":"For the second season , the city of Dubrovnik , Croatia , was used instead of Malta for scenes in King 's Landing and Daenerys ' scenes in Qarth . For example , the Min\u010deta Tower in Dubrovnik was used as the House of the Undying . Scenes set north of the Wall were filmed in Iceland in November 2011 . The main locations are the Vatnaj\u00f6kull glacier , the Sv\u00ednafellsj\u00f6kull glacier near Skaftafell , and the M\u00fdrdalsj\u00f6kull glacier near Vik used as the location for the Fist of the First Men with H\u00f6f\u00f0abrekka as the Frostfang Mountains . New shooting locations in Northern Ireland include The Linen Mill Film & Television Studios in Banbridge , Ballintoy Harbour and Downhill Strand . As the story in the second season required that the Winterfell set be expanded , a new set for Winterfell was built at the Moneyglass Estate near Toome village . ","sentences":["For the second season , the city of Dubrovnik , Croatia , was used instead of Malta for scenes in King 's Landing and Daenerys ' scenes in Qarth .","For example , the Min\u010deta Tower in Dubrovnik was used as the House of the Undying .","Scenes set north of the Wall were filmed in Iceland in November 2011 .","The main locations are the Vatnaj\u00f6kull glacier , the Sv\u00ednafellsj\u00f6kull glacier near Skaftafell , and the M\u00fdrdalsj\u00f6kull glacier near Vik used as the location for the Fist of the First Men with H\u00f6f\u00f0abrekka as the Frostfang Mountains .","New shooting locations in Northern Ireland include The Linen Mill Film & Television Studios in Banbridge , Ballintoy Harbour and Downhill Strand .","As the story in the second season required that the Winterfell set be expanded , a new set for Winterfell was built at the Moneyglass Estate near Toome village ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"For the second season , filming took place in the city of Dubrovnik , Croatia; Iceland; Vatnaj\u00f6kull glacier, Sv\u00ednafellsj\u00f6kull glacier near Skaftafell; the M\u00fdrdalsj\u00f6kull glacier near Vik; the Linen Mill Film & Television Studios in Banbridge, Ballintoy Harbour; Downhill Strand; the Moneyglass Estate near Toome village.","selected_sentences":["For the second season , the city of Dubrovnik , Croatia , was used instead of Malta for scenes in King 's Landing and Daenerys ' scenes in Qarth .","Scenes set north of the Wall were filmed in Iceland in November 2011 .","The main locations are the Vatnaj\u00f6kull glacier , the Sv\u00ednafellsj\u00f6kull glacier near Skaftafell , and the M\u00fdrdalsj\u00f6kull glacier near Vik used as the location for the Fist of the First Men with H\u00f6f\u00f0abrekka as the Frostfang Mountains .","New shooting locations in Northern Ireland include The Linen Mill Film & Television Studios in Banbridge , Ballintoy Harbour and Downhill Strand .","As the story in the second season required that the Winterfell set be expanded , a new set for Winterfell was built at the Moneyglass Estate near Toome village ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-8952466670522367312","input":"when did the emperor lose power in japan","passages":[{"title":"Emperor of Japan","text":"The role of the Emperor of Japan has historically alternated between a largely ceremonial symbolic role and that of an actual imperial ruler . Since the establishment of the first shogunate in 1199 , the Emperors of Japan have rarely taken on a role as supreme battlefield commander , unlike many Western monarchs . Japanese Emperors have nearly always been controlled by external political forces , to varying degrees . In fact , between 1192 and 1867 , the sh\u014dguns , or their shikken regents in Kamakura ( 1203 -- 1333 ) , were the de facto rulers of Japan , although they were nominally appointed by the Emperor . After the Meiji Restoration in 1867 , the Emperor was the embodiment of all sovereign power in the realm , as enshrined in the Meiji Constitution of 1889 . Since the enactment of the 1947 Constitution , he has been a ceremonial head of state without even nominal political powers . ","sentences":["The role of the Emperor of Japan has historically alternated between a largely ceremonial symbolic role and that of an actual imperial ruler .","Since the establishment of the first shogunate in 1199 , the Emperors of Japan have rarely taken on a role as supreme battlefield commander , unlike many Western monarchs .","Japanese Emperors have nearly always been controlled by external political forces , to varying degrees .","In fact , between 1192 and 1867 , the sh\u014dguns , or their shikken regents in Kamakura ( 1203 -- 1333 ) , were the de facto rulers of Japan , although they were nominally appointed by the Emperor .","After the Meiji Restoration in 1867 , the Emperor was the embodiment of all sovereign power in the realm , as enshrined in the Meiji Constitution of 1889 .","Since the enactment of the 1947 Constitution , he has been a ceremonial head of state without even nominal political powers ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Since the establishment of the first shogunate in 1199, the Emperors of Japan have rarely taken on a role as supreme battlefield commander.  In fact, between 1192 and 1867, the sh\u014dguns, or their shikken regents in Kamakura (1203 -- 1333), were the de facto rulers of Japan.  In recent days, since the enactment of the 1947 Constitution, he has been a ceremonial head of state without even nominal political powers.","selected_sentences":["Since the establishment of the first shogunate in 1199 , the Emperors of Japan have rarely taken on a role as supreme battlefield commander , unlike many Western monarchs .","In fact , between 1192 and 1867 , the sh\u014dguns , or their shikken regents in Kamakura ( 1203 -- 1333 ) , were the de facto rulers of Japan , although they were nominally appointed by the Emperor .","Since the enactment of the 1947 Constitution , he has been a ceremonial head of state without even nominal political powers ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Since the establishment of the first shogunate in 1199, the Emperors of Japan have rarely taken on a role as supreme battlefield commander. In fact, between 1192 and 1867, the sh\u014dguns, or their shikken regents in Kamakura (1203 -- 1333), were the de facto rulers of Japan.","selected_sentences":["Since the establishment of the first shogunate in 1199 , the Emperors of Japan have rarely taken on a role as supreme battlefield commander , unlike many Western monarchs .","In fact , between 1192 and 1867 , the sh\u014dguns , or their shikken regents in Kamakura ( 1203 -- 1333 ) , were the de facto rulers of Japan , although they were nominally appointed by the Emperor ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"8142593921177883591","input":"what happens to hale in sons of anarchy","passages":[{"title":"David Hale (Sons of Anarchy)","text":"In the season premiere , Hale is first seen moving into the office of the chief , a position that he states will soon be official . His brother , Jacob , apologizes for bringing Zobelle to Charming , and states that he never intended things to escalate as far as they did . Jacob also tells Hale that he is continuing with his campaign to be mayor of Charming , and asks for `` the support of the chief . '' Hale agrees to support his brother . Later in the episode , Hale keeps vigil over Half - Sack 's funeral which is being attended by numerous Sons Of Anarchy members and associates . Jacob meets him there and reiterates his disgust for the gang and the apparent outpouring of support for them . Hale explains that people , including those in Charming , do n't like to see SAMCRO vulnerable since it makes everyone uncomfortable . Later into the funeral , an unknown party , later revealed to be the Calaveras MC , commits a drive - by shooting , injuring and killing several attendees . Hale tries to stop them by getting in front of their van and firing at the driver , but is killed when the vehicle runs him over . Jacob and Unser both futilely rush towards his bloodied body as the van speeds off . ","sentences":["In the season premiere , Hale is first seen moving into the office of the chief , a position that he states will soon be official .","His brother , Jacob , apologizes for bringing Zobelle to Charming , and states that he never intended things to escalate as far as they did .","Jacob also tells Hale that he is continuing with his campaign to be mayor of Charming , and asks for `` the support of the chief . ''","Hale agrees to support his brother .","Later in the episode , Hale keeps vigil over Half - Sack 's funeral which is being attended by numerous Sons Of Anarchy members and associates .","Jacob meets him there and reiterates his disgust for the gang and the apparent outpouring of support for them .","Hale explains that people , including those in Charming , do n't like to see SAMCRO vulnerable since it makes everyone uncomfortable .","Later into the funeral , an unknown party , later revealed to be the Calaveras MC , commits a drive - by shooting , injuring and killing several attendees .","Hale tries to stop them by getting in front of their van and firing at the driver , but is killed when the vehicle runs him over .","Jacob and Unser both futilely rush towards his bloodied body as the van speeds off ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"In the season premiere, Hale is first seen moving into the office of the chief. Later in the episode, Hale keeps vigil over Half-Sack's funeral which is being attended by numerous Sons Of Anarchy members and associates. Even later into the funeral, an unknown party, later revealed to be the Calaveras MC, commits a drive-by shooting, injuring and killing several attendees. Hale tries to stop them by getting in front of their van and firing at the driver, but is killed when the vehicle runs him over.","selected_sentences":["In the season premiere , Hale is first seen moving into the office of the chief , a position that he states will soon be official .","Later in the episode , Hale keeps vigil over Half - Sack 's funeral which is being attended by numerous Sons Of Anarchy members and associates .","Later into the funeral , an unknown party , later revealed to be the Calaveras MC , commits a drive - by shooting , injuring and killing several attendees .","Hale tries to stop them by getting in front of their van and firing at the driver , but is killed when the vehicle runs him over ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"2025392644941556934","input":"is eugene from walking dead really a scientist","passages":[{"title":"Eugene Porter","text":"Dr. Eugene Porter is a fictional character from the comic book series The Walking Dead and is portrayed by Josh McDermitt beginning in the fourth season of the American television series of the same name . In both mediums he claims to be a scientist who knows the cure to the zombie plague and is being escorted to Washington D.C. by Sgt . Abraham Ford and Rosita Espinosa , and encounter Rick Grimes and his group and recruit them to assist their mission . Eugene is overweight , possesses virtually no survival skills of his own and is extremely dependent on the group , but is highly intelligent and resourceful in using technology to ensure the group 's survival . Eventually it is revealed that Eugene is not a scientist , but a high school science teacher , and that he does n't know how to cure the virus but lied to manipulate the other survivors into taking him to Washington D.C. believing it to be the best chance for survival . This proves true as the group eventually finds the Alexandria Safe - Zone where Eugene becomes its primary engineer . Though his lie puts a strain on their friendship , Abraham eventually forgives him and they resume being friends . ","sentences":["Dr. Eugene Porter is a fictional character from the comic book series The Walking Dead and is portrayed by Josh McDermitt beginning in the fourth season of the American television series of the same name .","In both mediums he claims to be a scientist who knows the cure to the zombie plague and is being escorted to Washington D.C. by Sgt .","Abraham Ford and Rosita Espinosa , and encounter Rick Grimes and his group and recruit them to assist their mission .","Eugene is overweight , possesses virtually no survival skills of his own and is extremely dependent on the group , but is highly intelligent and resourceful in using technology to ensure the group 's survival .","Eventually it is revealed that Eugene is not a scientist , but a high school science teacher , and that he does n't know how to cure the virus but lied to manipulate the other survivors into taking him to Washington D.C. believing it to be the best chance for survival .","This proves true as the group eventually finds the Alexandria Safe - Zone where Eugene becomes its primary engineer .","Though his lie puts a strain on their friendship , Abraham eventually forgives him and they resume being friends ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Dr. Eugene Porter claims to be a scientist who knows the cure to the zombie plague, eventually it is revealed that Eugene is not a scientist, but a high school science teacher.","selected_sentences":["Dr. Eugene Porter is a fictional character from the comic book series The Walking Dead and is portrayed by Josh McDermitt beginning in the fourth season of the American television series of the same name .","In both mediums he claims to be a scientist who knows the cure to the zombie plague and is being escorted to Washington D.C. by Sgt .","Eventually it is revealed that Eugene is not a scientist , but a high school science teacher , and that he does n't know how to cure the virus but lied to manipulate the other survivors into taking him to Washington D.C. believing it to be the best chance for survival ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-3641307514429228391","input":"what is the exchange particle for strong nuclear force","passages":[{"title":"Nuclear force","text":"The discovery of the neutron in 1932 revealed that atomic nuclei were made of protons and neutrons , held together by an attractive force . By 1935 the nuclear force was conceived to be transmitted by particles called mesons . This theoretical development included a description of the Yukawa potential , an early example of a nuclear potential . Mesons , predicted by theory , were discovered experimentally in 1947 . By the 1970s , the quark model had been developed , by which the mesons and nucleons were viewed as composed of quarks and gluons . By this new model , the nuclear force , resulting from the exchange of mesons between neighboring nucleons , is a residual effect of the strong force . ","sentences":["The discovery of the neutron in 1932 revealed that atomic nuclei were made of protons and neutrons , held together by an attractive force .","By 1935 the nuclear force was conceived to be transmitted by particles called mesons .","This theoretical development included a description of the Yukawa potential , an early example of a nuclear potential .","Mesons , predicted by theory , were discovered experimentally in 1947 .","By the 1970s , the quark model had been developed , by which the mesons and nucleons were viewed as composed of quarks and gluons .","By this new model , the nuclear force , resulting from the exchange of mesons between neighboring nucleons , is a residual effect of the strong force ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The nuclear force, resulting from the exchange of mesons between neighboring nucleons, is a residual effect of the strong force.","selected_sentences":["By this new model , the nuclear force , resulting from the exchange of mesons between neighboring nucleons , is a residual effect of the strong force ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"825713187881645325","input":"where is the dead sea located in the world","passages":[{"title":"Dead Sea","text":"The Dead Sea ( Hebrew : \u05d9\u05b8\u05dd \u05d4\u05b7\u05de\u05b6\u05bc\u05dc\u05b7\u05d7 \u202c Yam ha - Melah lit . Sea of Salt ; Arabic : \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a \u200e Al - Bahr al - Mayyit ) is a salt lake bordered by Jordan to the east and Israel and Palestine to the west . Its surface and shores are 430.5 metres ( 1,412 ft ) below sea level , Earth 's lowest elevation on land . The Dead Sea is 304 m ( 997 ft ) deep , the deepest hypersaline lake in the world . With a salinity of 342 g \/ kg , or 34.2 % , ( in 2011 ) , it is 9.6 times as salty as the ocean and one of the world 's saltiest bodies of water . This salinity makes for a harsh environment in which plants and animals can not flourish , hence its name . The Dead Sea is 50 kilometres ( 31 mi ) long and 15 kilometres ( 9 mi ) wide at its widest point . It lies in the Jordan Rift Valley , and its main tributary is the Jordan River . ","sentences":["The Dead Sea ( Hebrew : \u05d9\u05b8\u05dd \u05d4\u05b7\u05de\u05b6\u05bc\u05dc\u05b7\u05d7 \u202c Yam ha - Melah lit .","Sea of Salt ; Arabic : \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a \u200e","Al - Bahr al - Mayyit ) is a salt lake bordered by Jordan to the east and Israel and Palestine to the west .","Its surface and shores are 430.5 metres ( 1,412 ft ) below sea level , Earth 's lowest elevation on land .","The Dead Sea is 304 m ( 997 ft ) deep , the deepest hypersaline lake in the world .","With a salinity of 342 g \/ kg , or 34.2 % , ( in 2011 ) , it is 9.6 times as salty as the ocean and one of the world 's saltiest bodies of water .","This salinity makes for a harsh environment in which plants and animals can not flourish , hence its name .","The Dead Sea is 50 kilometres ( 31 mi ) long and 15 kilometres ( 9 mi ) wide at its widest point .","It lies in the Jordan Rift Valley , and its main tributary is the Jordan River ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The Dead Sea is a salt lake bordered by Jordan to the east and Israel and Palestine to the west.  It lies in the Jordan Rift Valley.","selected_sentences":["Al - Bahr al - Mayyit ) is a salt lake bordered by Jordan to the east and Israel and Palestine to the west .","It lies in the Jordan Rift Valley , and its main tributary is the Jordan River ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"2419074681660487333","input":"where did harvey originate and when did it become an official hurricane","passages":[{"title":"Hurricane Harvey","text":"The eighth named storm , third hurricane , and the first major hurricane of the extremely active 2017 Atlantic hurricane season , Harvey developed from a tropical wave to the east of the Lesser Antilles , reaching tropical storm status on August 17 . The storm crossed through the Windward Islands on the following day , passing just south of Barbados and later near Saint Vincent . Upon entering the Caribbean Sea , Harvey began to weaken due to moderate wind shear and degenerated into a tropical wave north of Colombia early on August 20 . The remnants were monitored for regeneration as it continued west - northwestward across the Caribbean and the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula , before redeveloping over the Bay of Campeche on August 23 . Harvey then began to rapidly intensify on August 24 , regaining tropical storm status and becoming a hurricane later that day . While the storm moved generally northwest , Harvey 's intensification phase stalled slightly overnight from August 24 -- 25 ; however , Harvey soon resumed strengthening and quickly became a major hurricane and attained Category 4 intensity later that day . Hours later , Harvey made landfall near Rockport , Texas , at peak intensity . Afterwards , rapid weakening ensued , and Harvey had downgraded to a tropical storm as it stalled near the coastline of the state , dropping torrential and unprecedented amounts of rainfall over the Lone Star state . On August 28 , it emerged back over the Gulf of Mexico , strengthening slightly before making a third and final landfall in Louisiana on August 29 . As Harvey drifted inland , it quickly weakened again as it became extratropical on September 1 , before dissipating two days later . ","sentences":["The eighth named storm , third hurricane , and the first major hurricane of the extremely active 2017 Atlantic hurricane season , Harvey developed from a tropical wave to the east of the Lesser Antilles , reaching tropical storm status on August 17 .","The storm crossed through the Windward Islands on the following day , passing just south of Barbados and later near Saint Vincent .","Upon entering the Caribbean Sea , Harvey began to weaken due to moderate wind shear and degenerated into a tropical wave north of Colombia early on August 20 .","The remnants were monitored for regeneration as it continued west - northwestward across the Caribbean and the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula , before redeveloping over the Bay of Campeche on August 23 .","Harvey then began to rapidly intensify on August 24 , regaining tropical storm status and becoming a hurricane later that day .","While the storm moved generally northwest , Harvey 's intensification phase stalled slightly overnight from August 24 -- 25 ; however , Harvey soon resumed strengthening and quickly became a major hurricane and attained Category 4 intensity later that day .","Hours later , Harvey made landfall near Rockport , Texas , at peak intensity .","Afterwards , rapid weakening ensued , and Harvey had downgraded to a tropical storm as it stalled near the coastline of the state , dropping torrential and unprecedented amounts of rainfall over the Lone Star state .","On August 28 , it emerged back over the Gulf of Mexico , strengthening slightly before making a third and final landfall in Louisiana on August 29 .","As Harvey drifted inland , it quickly weakened again as it became extratropical on September 1 , before dissipating two days later ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The first major hurricane of the extremely active 2017 Atlantic hurricane season, Harvey developed from a tropical wave to the east of the Lesser Antilles. Harvey began to rapidly intensify on August 24, regaining tropical storm status and becoming a hurricane later that day.","selected_sentences":["The eighth named storm , third hurricane , and the first major hurricane of the extremely active 2017 Atlantic hurricane season , Harvey developed from a tropical wave to the east of the Lesser Antilles , reaching tropical storm status on August 17 .","Harvey then began to rapidly intensify on August 24 , regaining tropical storm status and becoming a hurricane later that day ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-2087815182494679903","input":"what is the youngest age you can marry in the usa","passages":[{"title":"Age of marriage in the United States","text":"Unlike most Western countries , 18 of the U.S. states do not have a legal minimum age of marriage . Individuals aged 18 have the ability to marry in U.S. states except Nebraska ( 19 ) and Mississippi ( 21 ) . In addition , all states , except Delaware and New Jersey , allow minors to marry in certain circumstances , such as parental consent , judicial consent , pregnancy , or a combination of these situations . Most states allow parties aged 16 and 17 to marry with parental consent alone . In most states , children under 16 can be married too . In the 32 states which have an absolute minimum age set by statute , this age varies between 14 and 18 , while in 18 states there is no statutory minimum age if other legal conditions are met . Although in such states there is no set minimum age by statute , the traditional common law minimum age is 14 for boys and 12 for girls - ages which have been confirmed by case law in some states . Over the past 15 years , more than 200,000 minors married in US , and in Tennessee girls as young as 10 were married in 2001 , before the state finally set a minimum age of 17 in 2018 . ","sentences":["Unlike most Western countries , 18 of the U.S. states do not have a legal minimum age of marriage .","Individuals aged 18 have the ability to marry in U.S. states except Nebraska ( 19 ) and Mississippi ( 21 ) .","In addition , all states , except Delaware and New Jersey , allow minors to marry in certain circumstances , such as parental consent , judicial consent , pregnancy , or a combination of these situations .","Most states allow parties aged 16 and 17 to marry with parental consent alone .","In most states , children under 16 can be married too .","In the 32 states which have an absolute minimum age set by statute , this age varies between 14 and 18 , while in 18 states there is no statutory minimum age if other legal conditions are met .","Although in such states there is no set minimum age by statute , the traditional common law minimum age is 14 for boys and 12 for girls - ages which have been confirmed by case law in some states .","Over the past 15 years , more than 200,000 minors married in US , and in Tennessee girls as young as 10 were married in 2001 , before the state finally set a minimum age of 17 in 2018 ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Unlike most Western countries , 18 of the U.S. states do not have a legal minimum age of marriage . Over the past 15 years , more than 200,000 minors married in US , and in Tennessee girls as young as 10 were married in 2001 , before the state finally set a minimum age of 17 in 2018 . In the 32 states which have an absolute minimum age set by statute , this age varies between 14 and 18.","selected_sentences":["Unlike most Western countries , 18 of the U.S. states do not have a legal minimum age of marriage .","In the 32 states which have an absolute minimum age set by statute , this age varies between 14 and 18 , while in 18 states there is no statutory minimum age if other legal conditions are met .","Over the past 15 years , more than 200,000 minors married in US , and in Tennessee girls as young as 10 were married in 2001 , before the state finally set a minimum age of 17 in 2018 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"67651437175855293","input":"what's the difference between russia and siberia","passages":[{"title":"Siberia","text":"The territory of Siberia extends eastwards from the Ural Mountains to the watershed between the Pacific and Arctic drainage basins . The Yenisei River conditionally divides Siberia into two parts , Western and Eastern . Siberia stretches southwards from the Arctic Ocean to the hills of north - central Kazakhstan and to the national borders of Mongolia and China . With an area of 13.1 million square kilometres ( 5,100,000 sq mi ) , Siberia accounts for 77 % of Russia 's land area , but it is home to approximately 36 million people -- 27 % of the country 's population . This is equivalent to an average population density of about 3 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 7.8 \/ sq mi ) ( approximately equal to that of Australia ) , making Siberia one of the most sparsely populated regions on Earth . If it were a country by itself , it would still be the largest country in area , but in population it would be the world 's 35th - largest and Asia 's 14th - largest . ","sentences":["The territory of Siberia extends eastwards from the Ural Mountains to the watershed between the Pacific and Arctic drainage basins .","The Yenisei River conditionally divides Siberia into two parts , Western and Eastern .","Siberia stretches southwards from the Arctic Ocean to the hills of north - central Kazakhstan and to the national borders of Mongolia and China .","With an area of 13.1 million square kilometres ( 5,100,000 sq mi ) , Siberia accounts for 77 % of Russia 's land area , but it is home to approximately 36 million people -- 27 % of the country 's population .","This is equivalent to an average population density of about 3 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 7.8 \/ sq mi ) ( approximately equal to that of Australia ) , making Siberia one of the most sparsely populated regions on Earth .","If it were a country by itself , it would still be the largest country in area , but in population it would be the world 's 35th - largest and Asia 's 14th - largest ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The territory of Siberia extends eastwards from the Ural Mountains to the watershed between the Pacific and Arctic drainage basins.  With an area of 13.1 million square kilometres, Siberia accounts for 77 % of Russia's land area, but it is home to approximately 36 million people -- 27 % of the country's population.","selected_sentences":["The territory of Siberia extends eastwards from the Ural Mountains to the watershed between the Pacific and Arctic drainage basins .","With an area of 13.1 million square kilometres ( 5,100,000 sq mi ) , Siberia accounts for 77 % of Russia 's land area , but it is home to approximately 36 million people -- 27 % of the country 's population ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Siberia accounts for 77 % of Russia's land area, but it is home to approximately 36 million people -- 27 % of the country's population.","selected_sentences":["The territory of Siberia extends eastwards from the Ural Mountains to the watershed between the Pacific and Arctic drainage basins .","With an area of 13.1 million square kilometres ( 5,100,000 sq mi ) , Siberia accounts for 77 % of Russia 's land area , but it is home to approximately 36 million people -- 27 % of the country 's population ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-8255383364539252416","input":"why did the us demand trade with japan","passages":[{"title":"Perry Expedition","text":"The growing commerce between America and China , the presence of American whalers in waters off Japan , and the increasing monopolization of potential coaling stations by the British and French in Asia were all contributing factors in the decision by President Fillmore to dispatch an expedition to Japan . The Americans were also driven by concepts of Manifest Destiny and the desire to impose the benefits of western civilization and the Christian religion on what they perceived as `` backward '' Asian nations . By the early nineteenth century , the Japanese policy of isolation was increasingly under challenge . In 1844 , King William II of the Netherlands sent a letter urging Japan to end the isolation policy on its own before change would be forced from the outside . Between 1790 and 1853 at least twenty - seven U.S. ships ( including three warships ) visited Japan , only to be turned away . ","sentences":["The growing commerce between America and China , the presence of American whalers in waters off Japan , and the increasing monopolization of potential coaling stations by the British and French in Asia were all contributing factors in the decision by President Fillmore to dispatch an expedition to Japan .","The Americans were also driven by concepts of Manifest Destiny and the desire to impose the benefits of western civilization and the Christian religion on what they perceived as `` backward '' Asian nations .","By the early nineteenth century , the Japanese policy of isolation was increasingly under challenge .","In 1844 , King William II of the Netherlands sent a letter urging Japan to end the isolation policy on its own before change would be forced from the outside .","Between 1790 and 1853 at least twenty - seven U.S. ships ( including three warships ) visited Japan , only to be turned away ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The presence of American whalers in waters off Japan , and the increasing monopolization of potential coaling stations by the British and French in Asia were all contributing factors in the decision by President Fillmore to dispatch an expedition to Japan. The Americans were also driven by concepts of Manifest Destiny and the desire to impose the benefits of western civilization and the Christian religion on what they perceived as `` backward '' Asian nations. Between 1790 and 1853 at least twenty - seven U.S. ships ( including three warships ) visited Japan , only to be turned away.","selected_sentences":["The growing commerce between America and China , the presence of American whalers in waters off Japan , and the increasing monopolization of potential coaling stations by the British and French in Asia were all contributing factors in the decision by President Fillmore to dispatch an expedition to Japan .","The Americans were also driven by concepts of Manifest Destiny and the desire to impose the benefits of western civilization and the Christian religion on what they perceived as `` backward '' Asian nations .","Between 1790 and 1853 at least twenty - seven U.S. ships ( including three warships ) visited Japan , only to be turned away ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The presence of American whalers in waters off Japan , and the increasing monopolization of potential coaling stations by the British and French in Asia were all contributing factors in the decision by President Fillmore to dispatch an expedition to Japan. The Americans were also driven by concepts of Manifest Destiny and the desire to impose the benefits of western civilization and the Christian religion on what they perceived as `` backward '' Asian nations. Seven US ships were sent to Japan between 1790 and 1853, only to be turned away.","selected_sentences":["The growing commerce between America and China , the presence of American whalers in waters off Japan , and the increasing monopolization of potential coaling stations by the British and French in Asia were all contributing factors in the decision by President Fillmore to dispatch an expedition to Japan .","The Americans were also driven by concepts of Manifest Destiny and the desire to impose the benefits of western civilization and the Christian religion on what they perceived as `` backward '' Asian nations .","Between 1790 and 1853 at least twenty - seven U.S. ships ( including three warships ) visited Japan , only to be turned away ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-1808518785098944547","input":"why might it be difficult for medical professionals to diagnose a specific illness","passages":[{"title":"Medical diagnosis","text":"Diagnosis is often challenging , because many signs and symptoms are nonspecific . For example , redness of the skin ( erythema ) , by itself , is a sign of many disorders and thus does not tell the healthcare professional what is wrong . Thus differential diagnosis , in which several possible explanations are compared and contrasted , must be performed . This involves the correlation of various pieces of information followed by the recognition and differentiation of patterns . Occasionally the process is made easy by a sign or symptom ( or a group of several ) that is pathognomonic . ","sentences":["Diagnosis is often challenging , because many signs and symptoms are nonspecific .","For example , redness of the skin ( erythema ) , by itself , is a sign of many disorders and thus does not tell the healthcare professional what is wrong .","Thus differential diagnosis , in which several possible explanations are compared and contrasted , must be performed .","This involves the correlation of various pieces of information followed by the recognition and differentiation of patterns .","Occasionally the process is made easy by a sign or symptom ( or a group of several ) that is pathognomonic ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Diagnosis is often challenging, because many signs and symptoms are nonspecific. Thus differential diagnosis, in which several possible explanations are compared and contrasted, must be performed. This involves the correlation of various pieces of information followed by the recognition and differentiation of patterns. Occasionally the process is made easy by a sign or symptom that is pathognomonic.","selected_sentences":["Diagnosis is often challenging , because many signs and symptoms are nonspecific .","Thus differential diagnosis , in which several possible explanations are compared and contrasted , must be performed .","This involves the correlation of various pieces of information followed by the recognition and differentiation of patterns .","Occasionally the process is made easy by a sign or symptom ( or a group of several ) that is pathognomonic ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Diagnosis is often challenging , because many signs and symptoms are nonspecific .","selected_sentences":["Diagnosis is often challenging , because many signs and symptoms are nonspecific .","Occasionally the process is made easy by a sign or symptom ( or a group of several ) that is pathognomonic ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-7727578080179949088","input":"where did the term out of left field come from","passages":[{"title":"Out of left field","text":"`` Out of left field '' is American slang meaning `` unexpectedly '' , `` odd '' or `` strange '' . The phrase came from baseball terminology referring to the area covered by the left fielder who has the farthest throw to first base . According to mlb.com there is another meaning : `` The term ' way out in left field ' is taken to mean ' crazy . ' '' Cook County Hospital ( by the West Side Grounds , the Chicago Cubs first location under what is now the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine ) had a mental institution behind left field , ( This can not be true . Left field was against Wood St . ) ( ... ) The bottom line is , patients could be heard yelling and screaming things at fans behind the left field wall . ' '' Variations include `` out in left field '' and simply `` left field '' . ","sentences":["`` Out of left field '' is American slang meaning `` unexpectedly '' , `` odd '' or `` strange '' .","The phrase came from baseball terminology referring to the area covered by the left fielder who has the farthest throw to first base .","According to mlb.com there is another meaning : `` The term ' way out in left field ' is taken to mean ' crazy . ' ''","Cook County Hospital ( by the West Side Grounds , the Chicago Cubs first location under what is now the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine ) had a mental institution behind left field , ( This can not be true .","Left field was against Wood St . )","( ... )","The bottom line is , patients could be heard yelling and screaming things at fans behind the left field wall . ' ''","Variations include `` out in left field '' and simply `` left field '' ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"``Out of left field'' is American slang meaning ``unexpectedly'', ``odd'' or ``strange''. The phrase came from baseball terminology referring to the area covered by the left fielder who has the farthest throw to first base. Also Cook County Hospital had a mental institution behind left field and patients could be heard yelling and screaming things at fans behind the left field wall.","selected_sentences":["`` Out of left field '' is American slang meaning `` unexpectedly '' , `` odd '' or `` strange '' .","The phrase came from baseball terminology referring to the area covered by the left fielder who has the farthest throw to first base .","Cook County Hospital ( by the West Side Grounds , the Chicago Cubs first location under what is now the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine ) had a mental institution behind left field , ( This can not be true .","The bottom line is , patients could be heard yelling and screaming things at fans behind the left field wall . ' ''"],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"\"Out of left field'' is American slang meaning ``unexpectedly'', ``odd'' or ``strange''. The phrase came from baseball terminology referring to the area covered by the left fielder who has the farthest throw to first base.","selected_sentences":["`` Out of left field '' is American slang meaning `` unexpectedly '' , `` odd '' or `` strange '' .","The phrase came from baseball terminology referring to the area covered by the left fielder who has the farthest throw to first base .","Cook County Hospital ( by the West Side Grounds , the Chicago Cubs first location under what is now the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine ) had a mental institution behind left field , ( This can not be true .","The bottom line is , patients could be heard yelling and screaming things at fans behind the left field wall . ' ''"],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"6929893982252164322","input":"where can i find dragon ball super english dubbed","passages":[{"title":"List of Dragon Ball Super episodes","text":"Dragon Ball Super received an English - language dub that premiered on the Toonami channel in Southeast Asia and India in January 2017 . The series has been aired in Israel on Nickelodeon and in Portugal on SIC . Toei Animation Europe announced that Dragon Ball Super would be broadcast in France , Italy , Spain , and English - speaking Africa in Fall 2016 . An official English sub of the series would be simulcasted legally on Crunchyroll , Daisuki.net , and Anime Lab beginning October 22 , 2016 . Funimation announced the company acquired the rights to the series and will be producing an English dub . As well as officially announcing the dub , it was also announced they will be simulcasting the series on their streaming platform , FunimationNow . Funimation 's English dub of Dragon Ball Super started airing on Adult Swim 's Toonami block starting January 7 , 2017 . ","sentences":["Dragon Ball Super received an English - language dub that premiered on the Toonami channel in Southeast Asia and India in January 2017 .","The series has been aired in Israel on Nickelodeon and in Portugal on SIC .","Toei Animation Europe announced that Dragon Ball Super would be broadcast in France , Italy , Spain , and English - speaking Africa in Fall 2016 .","An official English sub of the series would be simulcasted legally on Crunchyroll , Daisuki.net , and Anime Lab beginning October 22 , 2016 .","Funimation announced the company acquired the rights to the series and will be producing an English dub .","As well as officially announcing the dub , it was also announced they will be simulcasting the series on their streaming platform , FunimationNow .","Funimation 's English dub of Dragon Ball Super started airing on Adult Swim 's Toonami block starting January 7 , 2017 ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Dragon Ball Super received an English language dub that premiered on the Toonami channel in Southeast Asia and India. Toei Animation Europe announced that it would be broadcast in English speaking Africa. Funimation's English dub of Dragon Ball Super started airing on Adult Swim 's Toonami block.","selected_sentences":["Dragon Ball Super received an English - language dub that premiered on the Toonami channel in Southeast Asia and India in January 2017 .","Toei Animation Europe announced that Dragon Ball Super would be broadcast in France , Italy , Spain , and English - speaking Africa in Fall 2016 .","Funimation 's English dub of Dragon Ball Super started airing on Adult Swim 's Toonami block starting January 7 , 2017 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"881590761407781223","input":"what are the three stages of cell division","passages":[{"title":"Cell cycle","text":"The cell cycle or cell - division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA ( DNA replication ) to produce two daughter cells . In bacteria , which lack a cell nucleus , the cell cycle is divided into the B , C , and D periods . The B period extends from the end of cell division to the beginning of DNA replication . DNA replication occurs during the C period . The D period refers to the stage between the end of DNA replication and the splitting of the bacterial cell into two daughter cells . In cells with a nucleus , as in eukaryotes , the cell cycle is also divided into three periods : interphase , the mitotic ( M ) phase , and cytokinesis . During interphase , the cell grows , accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis , preparing it for a big cell division and duplicating its DNA . During the mitotic phase , the chromosomes separate . During the final stage , cytokinesis , the chromosomes and cytoplasm separate into two new daughter cells . To ensure the proper division of the cell , there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints. This helps the cell produce even more ","sentences":["The cell cycle or cell - division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA ( DNA replication ) to produce two daughter cells .","In bacteria , which lack a cell nucleus , the cell cycle is divided into the B , C , and D periods .","The B period extends from the end of cell division to the beginning of DNA replication .","DNA replication occurs during the C period .","The D period refers to the stage between the end of DNA replication and the splitting of the bacterial cell into two daughter cells .","In cells with a nucleus , as in eukaryotes , the cell cycle is also divided into three periods : interphase , the mitotic ( M ) phase , and cytokinesis .","During interphase , the cell grows , accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis , preparing it for a big cell division and duplicating its DNA .","During the mitotic phase , the chromosomes separate .","During the final stage , cytokinesis , the chromosomes and cytoplasm separate into two new daughter cells .","To ensure the proper division of the cell , there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.","This helps the cell produce even more"]}],"output":[{"answer":"In bacteria, which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle is divided into the B, C, and D periods.   In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle is also divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic phase, and cytokinesis.","selected_sentences":["In bacteria , which lack a cell nucleus , the cell cycle is divided into the B , C , and D periods .","In cells with a nucleus , as in eukaryotes , the cell cycle is also divided into three periods : interphase , the mitotic ( M ) phase , and cytokinesis ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"In bacteria, the cell cycle is divided into the three periods B, which extends from the end of cell division to the beginning of DNA replication, C, during which DNA replication occurs, and D, which refers to the stage between the end of DNA replication and the splitting of the bacterial cell into two daughter cells.\r\nIn cells with a nucleus, the three periods are interphase, during which the cell grows, the mitotic (M) phase, during which the chromosomes separate, and cytokinesis, during which the chromosomes and cytoplasm separate into two new daughter cells.","selected_sentences":["In bacteria , which lack a cell nucleus , the cell cycle is divided into the B , C , and D periods .","The B period extends from the end of cell division to the beginning of DNA replication .","DNA replication occurs during the C period .","The D period refers to the stage between the end of DNA replication and the splitting of the bacterial cell into two daughter cells .","In cells with a nucleus , as in eukaryotes , the cell cycle is also divided into three periods : interphase , the mitotic ( M ) phase , and cytokinesis .","During interphase , the cell grows , accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis , preparing it for a big cell division and duplicating its DNA .","During the mitotic phase , the chromosomes separate .","During the final stage , cytokinesis , the chromosomes and cytoplasm separate into two new daughter cells ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-6580776415184358023","input":"who came up with the social exchange theory","passages":[{"title":"Social exchange theory","text":"Social exchange theory goes back to Thibaut and Kelley ( 1959 ) , Kelley and Thibaut ( 1978 ) , Homans ( 1961 ) and Rusbult ( 1983 ) . Sociologist George Homans published a work `` Social Behavior as Exchange '' . He defined social exchange as the exchange of activity , tangible or intangible , and more or less rewarding or costly , between at least two persons . After Homans founded the theory , other theorists continued to write about it , particularly Peter M. Blau and Richard M. Emerson , who in addition to Homans are generally thought of as the major developers of the exchange perspective within sociology . Homans ' work emphasized the individual behavior of actors in interaction with one another . Although there are various modes of exchange , Homans centered his studies on dyadic exchange . John Thibaut and Harold Kelley are recognized for focusing their studies within the theory on the psychological concepts , the dyad and small group . L\u00e9vi - Strauss is recognized for contributing to the emergence of this theoretical perspective from his work on anthropology focused on systems of generalized exchange , such as kinship systems and gift exchange . ","sentences":["Social exchange theory goes back to Thibaut and Kelley ( 1959 ) , Kelley and Thibaut ( 1978 ) , Homans ( 1961 ) and Rusbult ( 1983 ) .","Sociologist George Homans published a work `` Social Behavior as Exchange '' .","He defined social exchange as the exchange of activity , tangible or intangible , and more or less rewarding or costly , between at least two persons .","After Homans founded the theory , other theorists continued to write about it , particularly Peter M. Blau and Richard M. Emerson , who in addition to Homans are generally thought of as the major developers of the exchange perspective within sociology .","Homans ' work emphasized the individual behavior of actors in interaction with one another .","Although there are various modes of exchange , Homans centered his studies on dyadic exchange .","John Thibaut and Harold Kelley are recognized for focusing their studies within the theory on the psychological concepts , the dyad and small group .","L\u00e9vi - Strauss is recognized for contributing to the emergence of this theoretical perspective from his work on anthropology focused on systems of generalized exchange , such as kinship systems and gift exchange ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Sociologist George Homans founded the Social exchange theory and published a work \"Social Behavior as Exchange.\"","selected_sentences":["Social exchange theory goes back to Thibaut and Kelley ( 1959 ) , Kelley and Thibaut ( 1978 ) , Homans ( 1961 ) and Rusbult ( 1983 ) .","Sociologist George Homans published a work `` Social Behavior as Exchange '' .","After Homans founded the theory , other theorists continued to write about it , particularly Peter M. Blau and Richard M. Emerson , who in addition to Homans are generally thought of as the major developers of the exchange perspective within sociology ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-3226050181953926794","input":"where is malaysia located on a world map","passages":[{"title":"Malaysia","text":"Malaysia ( \/ m\u0259\u02c8le\u026a\u0292\u0259 \/ ( listen ) m\u0259 - LAY - zh\u0259 or \/ m\u0259\u02c8le\u026asi\u0259 \/ ( listen ) m\u0259 - LAY - see - \u0259 ; Malaysian pronunciation : ( m\u0259lejsi\u0259 ) ) is a federal constitutional monarchy located in Southeast Asia . It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of 330,803 square kilometres ( 127,720 sq mi ) separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions , Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia ( Malaysian Borneo ) . Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand at the north and maritime borders with Singapore at the south , Vietnam at the northeast , and Indonesia in the west . East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam . The capital city is Kuala Lumpur , while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government . With a population of over 30 million , Malaysia is the 44th most populous country . The southernmost point of continental Eurasia , Tanjung Piai , is in Malaysia . Located in the tropics , Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries on earth , with large numbers of endemic species . ","sentences":["Malaysia ( \/ m\u0259\u02c8le\u026a\u0292\u0259 \/ ( listen ) m\u0259 - LAY - zh\u0259 or \/ m\u0259\u02c8le\u026asi\u0259 \/ ( listen ) m\u0259 - LAY - see - \u0259 ; Malaysian pronunciation : ( m\u0259lejsi\u0259 ) ) is a federal constitutional monarchy located in Southeast Asia .","It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of 330,803 square kilometres ( 127,720 sq mi ) separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions , Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia ( Malaysian Borneo ) .","Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand at the north and maritime borders with Singapore at the south , Vietnam at the northeast , and Indonesia in the west .","East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam .","The capital city is Kuala Lumpur , while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government .","With a population of over 30 million , Malaysia is the 44th most populous country .","The southernmost point of continental Eurasia , Tanjung Piai , is in Malaysia .","Located in the tropics , Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries on earth , with large numbers of endemic species ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy located in Southeast Asia. Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand at the north and maritime borders with Singapore at the south, Vietnam at the northeast and Indonesia in the west. East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam.","selected_sentences":["Malaysia ( \/ m\u0259\u02c8le\u026a\u0292\u0259 \/ ( listen ) m\u0259 - LAY - zh\u0259 or \/ m\u0259\u02c8le\u026asi\u0259 \/ ( listen ) m\u0259 - LAY - see - \u0259 ; Malaysian pronunciation : ( m\u0259lejsi\u0259 ) ) is a federal constitutional monarchy located in Southeast Asia .","Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand at the north and maritime borders with Singapore at the south , Vietnam at the northeast , and Indonesia in the west .","East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"5211778179822029613","input":"who was supposed to be in blazing saddles","passages":[{"title":"Blazing Saddles","text":"Casting was problematic . Richard Pryor was Brooks ' original choice to play the Sheriff Bart , but the studio , claiming his history of drug arrests made him uninsurable , refused to approve financing with Pryor as the star . Cleavon Little was cast in the role , and Pryor remained as a writer . Brooks offered the other leading role , the Waco Kid , to John Wayne ; he declined , deeming the film `` too blue '' for his family - oriented image , but assured Brooks that `` he would be the first one in line to see it . '' Gig Young was cast , but he collapsed during his first scene from what was later determined to be alcohol withdrawal syndrome , and Gene Wilder was flown in to replace him . Johnny Carson and Wilder both turned down the Hedley Lamarr role before Harvey Korman was cast . Madeline Kahn objected when Brooks asked to see her legs during her audition . `` She said , ' So it 's THAT kind of an audition ? ' '' Brooks recalled . `` I explained that I was a happily married man and that I needed someone who could straddle a chair with her legs like Marlene Dietrich in Destry Rides Again . So she lifted her skirt and said , ' No touching . ' '' ","sentences":["Casting was problematic .","Richard Pryor was Brooks ' original choice to play the Sheriff Bart , but the studio , claiming his history of drug arrests made him uninsurable , refused to approve financing with Pryor as the star .","Cleavon Little was cast in the role , and Pryor remained as a writer .","Brooks offered the other leading role , the Waco Kid , to John Wayne ; he declined , deeming the film `` too blue '' for his family - oriented image , but assured Brooks that `` he would be the first one in line to see it . ''","Gig Young was cast , but he collapsed during his first scene from what was later determined to be alcohol withdrawal syndrome , and Gene Wilder was flown in to replace him .","Johnny Carson and Wilder both turned down the Hedley Lamarr role before Harvey Korman was cast .","Madeline Kahn objected when Brooks asked to see her legs during her audition .","`` She said , ' So it 's THAT kind of an audition ? ' ''","Brooks recalled .","`` I explained that I was a happily married man and that I needed someone who could straddle a chair with her legs like Marlene Dietrich in Destry Rides Again .","So she lifted her skirt and said , ' No touching . ' ''"]}],"output":[{"answer":"Richard Pryor was Brooks' original choice to play the Sheriff Bart, but the studio refused.   Brooks offered the other leading role, the Waco Kid, to John Wayne; he declined, deeming the film `` too blue '' for his family - oriented image.   Gig Young was cast, but he collapsed during his first scene.  Johnny Carson and Wilder both turned down the Hedley Lamarr role.","selected_sentences":["Richard Pryor was Brooks ' original choice to play the Sheriff Bart , but the studio , claiming his history of drug arrests made him uninsurable , refused to approve financing with Pryor as the star .","Brooks offered the other leading role , the Waco Kid , to John Wayne ; he declined , deeming the film `` too blue '' for his family - oriented image , but assured Brooks that `` he would be the first one in line to see it . ''","Gig Young was cast , but he collapsed during his first scene from what was later determined to be alcohol withdrawal syndrome , and Gene Wilder was flown in to replace him .","Johnny Carson and Wilder both turned down the Hedley Lamarr role before Harvey Korman was cast ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Richard Pryor was Brooks' original choice to play the Sheriff Bart, but the studio refused. Brooks offered the other leading role, the Waco Kid, to John Wayne; he declined. Gig Young was cast, but he collapsed during his first scene. Johnny Carson and Wilder both turned down the Hedley Lamarr role.","selected_sentences":["Richard Pryor was Brooks ' original choice to play the Sheriff Bart , but the studio , claiming his history of drug arrests made him uninsurable , refused to approve financing with Pryor as the star .","Brooks offered the other leading role , the Waco Kid , to John Wayne ; he declined , deeming the film `` too blue '' for his family - oriented image , but assured Brooks that `` he would be the first one in line to see it . ''","Gig Young was cast , but he collapsed during his first scene from what was later determined to be alcohol withdrawal syndrome , and Gene Wilder was flown in to replace him .","Johnny Carson and Wilder both turned down the Hedley Lamarr role before Harvey Korman was cast ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"5169855379632457446","input":"how does the mls all star game work","passages":[{"title":"Major League Soccer All-Star Game","text":"The Major League Soccer All - Star Game is an annual soccer game held by Major League Soccer featuring select players from the league against an international club . MLS initially adopted a traditional all - star game format used by other North American sports leagues where the Eastern Conference squared off against the Western Conference . This eventually evolved into the current system where the league annually invites a club from abroad to play against a league all - star team . The MLS All - Stars hold an 8 -- 4 record in the competition marking the season 's midpoint . Players are awarded rosters spots through a combination of fan voting and selections by the appointed manager and league commissioner . ","sentences":["The Major League Soccer All - Star Game is an annual soccer game held by Major League Soccer featuring select players from the league against an international club .","MLS initially adopted a traditional all - star game format used by other North American sports leagues where the Eastern Conference squared off against the Western Conference .","This eventually evolved into the current system where the league annually invites a club from abroad to play against a league all - star team .","The MLS All - Stars hold an 8 -- 4 record in the competition marking the season 's midpoint .","Players are awarded rosters spots through a combination of fan voting and selections by the appointed manager and league commissioner ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The Major League Soccer All-Star Game is an annual soccer game held by Major League Soccer featuring select players from the league against an international club. Players are awarded rosters spots through a combination of fan voting and selections by the appointed manager and league commissioner.","selected_sentences":["The Major League Soccer All - Star Game is an annual soccer game held by Major League Soccer featuring select players from the league against an international club .","Players are awarded rosters spots through a combination of fan voting and selections by the appointed manager and league commissioner ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The Major League Soccer All - Star Game selects players from the league against an international club. It initially adopted a traditional all - star game format used by other North American sports leagues where the Eastern Conference squared off against the Western Conference. This eventually evolved into the current system where the league annually invites a club from abroad to play against a league all - star team. Players are awarded rosters spots through a combination of fan voting and selections by the appointed manager and league commissioner .","selected_sentences":["The Major League Soccer All - Star Game is an annual soccer game held by Major League Soccer featuring select players from the league against an international club .","MLS initially adopted a traditional all - star game format used by other North American sports leagues where the Eastern Conference squared off against the Western Conference .","This eventually evolved into the current system where the league annually invites a club from abroad to play against a league all - star team .","Players are awarded rosters spots through a combination of fan voting and selections by the appointed manager and league commissioner ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-3119678287930545077","input":"is wellington in the north or south island","passages":[{"title":"Wellington","text":"Wellington \/ \u02c8w\u025bl\u026a\u014bt\u0259n \/ ( M\u0101ori : Te Whanganui - a-Tara ) is the capital city and second most populous urban area of New Zealand , with 412,500 residents . It is at the south - western tip of the North Island , between Cook Strait and the Rimutaka Range . Wellington is the major population centre of the southern North Island and is the administrative centre of the Wellington Region , which also includes the Kapiti Coast and Wairarapa . It is the world 's windiest city , with an average wind speed of over 26 km \/ h , and the world 's southernmost capital of a sovereign state . ","sentences":["Wellington \/ \u02c8w\u025bl\u026a\u014bt\u0259n \/ ( M\u0101ori :","Te Whanganui - a-Tara ) is the capital city and second most populous urban area of New Zealand , with 412,500 residents .","It is at the south - western tip of the North Island , between Cook Strait and the Rimutaka Range .","Wellington is the major population centre of the southern North Island and is the administrative centre of the Wellington Region , which also includes the Kapiti Coast and Wairarapa .","It is the world 's windiest city , with an average wind speed of over 26 km \/ h , and the world 's southernmost capital of a sovereign state ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Wellington is at a tip of the North Island.","selected_sentences":["Wellington \/ \u02c8w\u025bl\u026a\u014bt\u0259n \/ ( M\u0101ori :","It is at the south - western tip of the North Island , between Cook Strait and the Rimutaka Range ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"1136659608894793729","input":"what are the two main forms of general-purpose local government in the united states","passages":[{"title":"Local government in the United States","text":"Local government in the United States refers to governmental jurisdictions below the level of the state . Most states have at least two tiers of local government : counties and municipalities . In some states , counties are divided into townships . There are several different types of jurisdictions at the municipal level , including the city , town , borough , and village . The types and nature of these municipal entities varies from state to state . ","sentences":["Local government in the United States refers to governmental jurisdictions below the level of the state .","Most states have at least two tiers of local government : counties and municipalities .","In some states , counties are divided into townships .","There are several different types of jurisdictions at the municipal level , including the city , town , borough , and village .","The types and nature of these municipal entities varies from state to state ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Most states have at least two tiers of local government : counties and municipalities. The types and nature of these municipal entities varies from state to state.","selected_sentences":["Most states have at least two tiers of local government : counties and municipalities .","The types and nature of these municipal entities varies from state to state ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"4880175829667739755","input":"how do you become the governor general of canada","passages":[{"title":"Governor General of Canada","text":"The Governor General of Canada ( French : Gouverneure g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du Canada ) is the federal viceregal representative of the Canadian monarch , currently Queen Elizabeth II . The person of the sovereign is shared equally both with the 15 other Commonwealth realms and the 10 provinces of Canada , but resides predominantly in her oldest realm , the United Kingdom . The Queen , on the advice of her Canadian prime minister , appoints a governor general to carry out most of her constitutional and ceremonial duties . The commission is for an unfixed period of time -- known as serving at Her Majesty 's pleasure -- though five years is the normal convention . Beginning in 1959 , it has also been traditional to rotate between anglophone and francophone incumbents -- although many recent governors general have been bilingual . Once in office , the governor general maintains direct contact with the Queen , wherever she may be at the time . ","sentences":["The Governor General of Canada ( French : Gouverneure g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du Canada ) is the federal viceregal representative of the Canadian monarch , currently Queen Elizabeth II .","The person of the sovereign is shared equally both with the 15 other Commonwealth realms and the 10 provinces of Canada , but resides predominantly in her oldest realm , the United Kingdom .","The Queen , on the advice of her Canadian prime minister , appoints a governor general to carry out most of her constitutional and ceremonial duties .","The commission is for an unfixed period of time -- known as serving at Her Majesty 's pleasure -- though five years is the normal convention .","Beginning in 1959 , it has also been traditional to rotate between anglophone and francophone incumbents -- although many recent governors general have been bilingual .","Once in office , the governor general maintains direct contact with the Queen , wherever she may be at the time ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The Governor General of Canada (French : Gouverneure g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du Canada) is the federal viceregal representative of the Canadian monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II. The Queen, on the advice of her Canadian prime minister, appoints a governor general to carry out most of her constitutional and ceremonial duties.","selected_sentences":["The Governor General of Canada ( French : Gouverneure g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du Canada ) is the federal viceregal representative of the Canadian monarch , currently Queen Elizabeth II .","The Queen , on the advice of her Canadian prime minister , appoints a governor general to carry out most of her constitutional and ceremonial duties ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The Governor General of Canada is the federal viceregal representative of the Canadian monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II. The Queen, on the advice of her Canadian prime minister, appoints a governor general to carry out most of her constitutional and ceremonial duties.","selected_sentences":["The Governor General of Canada ( French : Gouverneure g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du Canada ) is the federal viceregal representative of the Canadian monarch , currently Queen Elizabeth II .","The Queen , on the advice of her Canadian prime minister , appoints a governor general to carry out most of her constitutional and ceremonial duties ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-6808692426881606856","input":"what did the committee of public safety do during the french revolution","passages":[{"title":"Committee of Public Safety","text":"The Committee of Public Safety ( French : Comit\u00e9 de salut public ) -- created in April 1793 by the National Convention and then restructured in July 1793 -- formed the de facto executive government in France during the Reign of Terror ( 1793 -- 94 ) , a stage of the French Revolution . The Committee of Public Safety succeeded the previous Committee of General Defence ( established in January 1793 ) and assumed its role of protecting the newly established republic against foreign attacks and internal rebellion . As a wartime measure , the Committee -- composed at first of nine , and later of twelve , members -- was given broad supervisory powers over military , judicial , and legislative efforts . It was formed as an administrative body to supervise and expedite the work of the executive bodies of the Convention and of the government ministers appointed by the Convention . As the Committee tried to meet the dangers of a coalition of European nations and counter-revolutionary forces within the country , it became more and more powerful . ","sentences":["The Committee of Public Safety ( French : Comit\u00e9 de salut public ) -- created in April 1793 by the National Convention and then restructured in July 1793 -- formed the de facto executive government in France during the Reign of Terror ( 1793 -- 94 ) , a stage of the French Revolution .","The Committee of Public Safety succeeded the previous Committee of General Defence ( established in January 1793 ) and assumed its role of protecting the newly established republic against foreign attacks and internal rebellion .","As a wartime measure , the Committee -- composed at first of nine , and later of twelve , members -- was given broad supervisory powers over military , judicial , and legislative efforts .","It was formed as an administrative body to supervise and expedite the work of the executive bodies of the Convention and of the government ministers appointed by the Convention .","As the Committee tried to meet the dangers of a coalition of European nations and counter-revolutionary forces within the country , it became more and more powerful ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The Committee of Public Safety succeeded the previous Committee of General Defence and assumed its role of protecting the newly established republic against foreign attacks and internal rebellion.  The Committee tried to meet the dangers of a coalition of European nations and counter-revolutionary forces within the country.","selected_sentences":["The Committee of Public Safety succeeded the previous Committee of General Defence ( established in January 1793 ) and assumed its role of protecting the newly established republic against foreign attacks and internal rebellion .","As the Committee tried to meet the dangers of a coalition of European nations and counter-revolutionary forces within the country , it became more and more powerful ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-6322465127033121658","input":"where does the delaware river start and end","passages":[{"title":"Delaware River","text":"The Delaware River rises in two main branches that descend from the western flank of the Catskill Mountains in New York . The West Branch begins near Mount Jefferson in the Town of Jefferson in Schoharie County . The river 's East Branch begins at Grand Gorge near Roxbury in Delaware County . These two branches flow west and merge near Hancock in Delaware County , and the combined waters flow as the Delaware River south . Through its course , the Delaware River forms the boundaries between Pennsylvania and New York , the entire boundary between New Jersey and Pennsylvania , and most of the boundary between Delaware and New Jersey . The river meets tide - water at the junction of Morrisville , Pennsylvania , and Trenton , New Jersey , at the Falls of the Delaware . The river 's navigable , tidal section served as a conduit for shipping and transportation that aided the development of the industrial cities of Trenton , Camden , and Philadelphia . The mean freshwater discharge of the Delaware River into the estuary of Delaware Bay is 11,550 cubic feet per second ( 327 m \/ s ) . ","sentences":["The Delaware River rises in two main branches that descend from the western flank of the Catskill Mountains in New York .","The West Branch begins near Mount Jefferson in the Town of Jefferson in Schoharie County .","The river 's East Branch begins at Grand Gorge near Roxbury in Delaware County .","These two branches flow west and merge near Hancock in Delaware County , and the combined waters flow as the Delaware River south .","Through its course , the Delaware River forms the boundaries between Pennsylvania and New York , the entire boundary between New Jersey and Pennsylvania , and most of the boundary between Delaware and New Jersey .","The river meets tide - water at the junction of Morrisville , Pennsylvania , and Trenton , New Jersey , at the Falls of the Delaware .","The river 's navigable , tidal section served as a conduit for shipping and transportation that aided the development of the industrial cities of Trenton , Camden , and Philadelphia .","The mean freshwater discharge of the Delaware River into the estuary of Delaware Bay is 11,550 cubic feet per second ( 327 m \/ s ) ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The West Branch of the river  begins near Mount Jefferson in the Town of Jefferson in Schoharie County , and the East Branch begins at Grand Gorge near Roxbury in Delaware County . They merge near Hancock in Delaware County and flow as the Delaware River until it discharges into the estuary of Delaware Bay.","selected_sentences":["The West Branch begins near Mount Jefferson in the Town of Jefferson in Schoharie County .","The river 's East Branch begins at Grand Gorge near Roxbury in Delaware County .","These two branches flow west and merge near Hancock in Delaware County , and the combined waters flow as the Delaware River south .","The mean freshwater discharge of the Delaware River into the estuary of Delaware Bay is 11,550 cubic feet per second ( 327 m \/ s ) ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"3800568474599943409","input":"where are wild horses found in the us","passages":[{"title":"Mustang","text":"The BLM has established Herd Management Areas to determine where and how many animals will be sustained as free - roaming populations . Some populations of free - roaming horses and burros remain protected under the Act , but others have disappeared from places where there were once established populations . A few hundred free - roaming horses survive in Alberta and British Columbia . The BLM considers roughly 26,000 individuals a manageable number , but the feral mustang population in February 2010 was 33,700 horses and 4,700 burros . More than half of all mustangs in North America are found in Nevada ( which features the horses on its State Quarter ) , with other significant populations in California , Oregon , Utah , Montana , and Wyoming . Another 34,000 horses are in holding facilities . ","sentences":["The BLM has established Herd Management Areas to determine where and how many animals will be sustained as free - roaming populations .","Some populations of free - roaming horses and burros remain protected under the Act , but others have disappeared from places where there were once established populations .","A few hundred free - roaming horses survive in Alberta and British Columbia .","The BLM considers roughly 26,000 individuals a manageable number , but the feral mustang population in February 2010 was 33,700 horses and 4,700 burros .","More than half of all mustangs in North America are found in Nevada ( which features the horses on its State Quarter ) , with other significant populations in California , Oregon , Utah , Montana , and Wyoming .","Another 34,000 horses are in holding facilities ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"A few hundred free - roaming horses survive in Alberta and British Columbia . More than half of all mustangs in North America are found in Nevada ( which features the horses on its State Quarter ) , with other significant populations in California , Oregon , Utah , Montana , and Wyoming . Another 34,000 horses are in holding facilities .","selected_sentences":["A few hundred free - roaming horses survive in Alberta and British Columbia .","More than half of all mustangs in North America are found in Nevada ( which features the horses on its State Quarter ) , with other significant populations in California , Oregon , Utah , Montana , and Wyoming .","Another 34,000 horses are in holding facilities ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"A few hundred free - roaming horses survive in Alberta and British Columbia . More than half of all mustangs in North America are found in Nevada, with other significant populations in California , Oregon , Utah , Montana , and Wyoming . Another 34,000 horses are in holding facilities .","selected_sentences":["A few hundred free - roaming horses survive in Alberta and British Columbia .","More than half of all mustangs in North America are found in Nevada ( which features the horses on its State Quarter ) , with other significant populations in California , Oregon , Utah , Montana , and Wyoming .","Another 34,000 horses are in holding facilities ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"3258253084080261518","input":"why there are just 28 days in february","passages":[{"title":"February","text":"The Roman month Februarius was named after the Latin term februum , which means purification , via the purification ritual Februa held on February 15 ( full moon ) in the old lunar Roman calendar . January and February were the last two months to be added to the Roman calendar , since the Romans originally considered winter a monthless period . They were added by Numa Pompilius about 713 BC . February remained the last month of the calendar year until the time of the decemvirs ( c. 450 BC ) , when it became the second month . At certain intervals February was truncated to 23 or 24 days , and a 27 - day intercalary month , Intercalaris , was inserted immediately after February to realign the year with the seasons . ","sentences":["The Roman month Februarius was named after the Latin term februum , which means purification , via the purification ritual Februa held on February 15 ( full moon ) in the old lunar Roman calendar .","January and February were the last two months to be added to the Roman calendar , since the Romans originally considered winter a monthless period .","They were added by Numa Pompilius about 713 BC .","February remained the last month of the calendar year until the time of the decemvirs ( c. 450 BC ) , when it became the second month .","At certain intervals February was truncated to 23 or 24 days , and a 27 - day intercalary month , Intercalaris , was inserted immediately after February to realign the year with the seasons ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"January and February were the last two months to be added to the Roman calendar , since the Romans originally considered winter a monthless period .\r\nAt certain intervals February was truncated to 23 or 24 days , and a 27 - day intercalary month , Intercalaris , was inserted immediately after February to realign the year with the seasons .","selected_sentences":["January and February were the last two months to be added to the Roman calendar , since the Romans originally considered winter a monthless period .","At certain intervals February was truncated to 23 or 24 days , and a 27 - day intercalary month , Intercalaris , was inserted immediately after February to realign the year with the seasons ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"","selected_sentences":[],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":true,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-1227560510279821008","input":"when does izzie get cancer in grey's anatomy","passages":[{"title":"Izzie Stevens","text":"Izzie supports Alex when he discovers his new girlfriend has psychiatric problems , and convinces him to have her committed . She is also handed primary responsibility for the clinic , as Bailey cuts back on her responsibilities . Izzie and Alex go on to rekindle their relationship , though Izzie is concerned when she begins hallucinating Denny . She discovers she has metastatic melanoma ( Stage IV ) which has spread to her liver , skin , and brain , causing the hallucinations . Her survival chances are estimated at only 5 % . She is admitted to Seattle Grace as a patient , and Derek Shepherd ( Patrick Dempsey ) successfully removes a tumor from her brain . Izzie spends her time in the hospital planning Meredith and Derek 's wedding , but when her condition worsens and Derek discovers a second brain tumor , they give the ceremony to Izzie and Alex , who marry in front of all their friends . The procedure to remove the second tumor from Izzie 's brain causes her to lose her short - term memory , and although she soon regains it , she flatlines moments later . The fifth season ends with her friends ignoring her DNR order and attempting to resuscitate her , transposed with images of Izzie in an elevator encountering George , who has been in an accident and is also currently flatlining . Though George dies , Izzie is resuscitated and recovers enough to return to work . ","sentences":["Izzie supports Alex when he discovers his new girlfriend has psychiatric problems , and convinces him to have her committed .","She is also handed primary responsibility for the clinic , as Bailey cuts back on her responsibilities .","Izzie and Alex go on to rekindle their relationship , though Izzie is concerned when she begins hallucinating Denny .","She discovers she has metastatic melanoma ( Stage IV ) which has spread to her liver , skin , and brain , causing the hallucinations .","Her survival chances are estimated at only 5 % .","She is admitted to Seattle Grace as a patient , and Derek Shepherd ( Patrick Dempsey ) successfully removes a tumor from her brain .","Izzie spends her time in the hospital planning Meredith and Derek 's wedding , but when her condition worsens and Derek discovers a second brain tumor , they give the ceremony to Izzie and Alex , who marry in front of all their friends .","The procedure to remove the second tumor from Izzie 's brain causes her to lose her short - term memory , and although she soon regains it , she flatlines moments later .","The fifth season ends with her friends ignoring her DNR order and attempting to resuscitate her , transposed with images of Izzie in an elevator encountering George , who has been in an accident and is also currently flatlining .","Though George dies , Izzie is resuscitated and recovers enough to return to work ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Izzie is concerned when she begins hallucinating Denny and eventually, she discovers she has metastatic melanoma which has spread to her liver, skin, and brain, causing the hallucinations.  When her condition worsens, Derek discovers a second brain tumor.","selected_sentences":["Izzie and Alex go on to rekindle their relationship , though Izzie is concerned when she begins hallucinating Denny .","She discovers she has metastatic melanoma ( Stage IV ) which has spread to her liver , skin , and brain , causing the hallucinations .","Izzie spends her time in the hospital planning Meredith and Derek 's wedding , but when her condition worsens and Derek discovers a second brain tumor , they give the ceremony to Izzie and Alex , who marry in front of all their friends ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Izzie is concerned when she begins hallucinating Denny and eventually, she discovers she has metastatic melanoma which has spread to her liver, skin, and brain, causing the hallucinations.","selected_sentences":["Izzie and Alex go on to rekindle their relationship , though Izzie is concerned when she begins hallucinating Denny .","She discovers she has metastatic melanoma ( Stage IV ) which has spread to her liver , skin , and brain , causing the hallucinations ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"5326283591971440626","input":"where is the sun located during the winter solstice","passages":[{"title":"Sun path","text":"In the Northern Hemisphere , the sun path near to the winter solstice ( November , December , January ) rises in the southeast , transits the celestial meridian at a low angle in the south ( more than 43 \u00b0 above the southern horizon in the tropics ) , and then sets in the southwest . It is on the south ( equator ) side of the house all day long . A vertical window facing south ( equator side ) is effective for capturing solar thermal energy . For comparison , the sun path near the winter solstice in the Southern Hemisphere ( May , June , July ) rises in the northeast , peaks out at a low angle in the north ( more than halfway up from the horizon in the tropics ) , and then sets in the northwest . There , the north - facing window would let in plenty of solar thermal energy to the house . ","sentences":["In the Northern Hemisphere , the sun path near to the winter solstice ( November , December , January ) rises in the southeast , transits the celestial meridian at a low angle in the south ( more than 43 \u00b0 above the southern horizon in the tropics ) , and then sets in the southwest .","It is on the south ( equator ) side of the house all day long .","A vertical window facing south ( equator side ) is effective for capturing solar thermal energy .","For comparison , the sun path near the winter solstice in the Southern Hemisphere ( May , June , July ) rises in the northeast , peaks out at a low angle in the north ( more than halfway up from the horizon in the tropics ) , and then sets in the northwest .","There , the north - facing window would let in plenty of solar thermal energy to the house ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"In the Northern Hemisphere, the sun path near to the winter solstice (November, December, January) rises in the southeast, transits the celestial meridian at a low angle in the south (more than 43 \u00b0 above the southern horizon in the tropics) and then sets in the southwest. The sun path near the winter solstice in the Southern Hemisphere (May, June, July) rises in the northeast, peaks out at a low angle in the north (more than halfway up from the horizon in the tropics) and then sets in the northwest.","selected_sentences":["In the Northern Hemisphere , the sun path near to the winter solstice ( November , December , January ) rises in the southeast , transits the celestial meridian at a low angle in the south ( more than 43 \u00b0 above the southern horizon in the tropics ) , and then sets in the southwest .","For comparison , the sun path near the winter solstice in the Southern Hemisphere ( May , June , July ) rises in the northeast , peaks out at a low angle in the north ( more than halfway up from the horizon in the tropics ) , and then sets in the northwest ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-325736180194371137","input":"what is the meaning of ayes and noes","passages":[{"title":"Division of the assembly","text":"In the House of Commons , the Speaker says `` The Question is that ... '' , then states the question . Next , he \/ she says , `` As many as are of that opinion say Aye . '' Then , following shouts of `` Aye '' , he says , `` of the contrary , No , '' and similar shouts of `` No '' may follow . If one side clearly has more support , the Speaker then announces his \/ her opinion as to the winner , stating , for example , `` I think the Ayes have it , the Ayes have it '' . Otherwise , the Speaker declares a division . ","sentences":["In the House of Commons , the Speaker says `` The Question is that ... '' , then states the question .","Next , he \/ she says , `` As many as are of that opinion say Aye . ''","Then , following shouts of `` Aye '' , he says , `` of the contrary , No , '' and similar shouts of `` No '' may follow .","If one side clearly has more support , the Speaker then announces his \/ her opinion as to the winner , stating , for example , `` I think the Ayes have it , the Ayes have it '' .","Otherwise , the Speaker declares a division ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"When a question is stated by the Speaker in the House of Commons,   shouts of `` Aye '' , indicate agreement,  shouts of `` No '' indicate disagreement.","selected_sentences":["In the House of Commons , the Speaker says `` The Question is that ... '' , then states the question .","Then , following shouts of `` Aye '' , he says , `` of the contrary , No , '' and similar shouts of `` No '' may follow ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976,45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"2298825359780396174","input":"summary of you laughed and laughed and laughed by gabriel okara","passages":[{"title":"You Laughed and Laughed and Laughed","text":"Gabriel Okara 's poem consists of 10 stanzas and describes the interplay of different interpretations of the same sounds , sights , and dances . The interaction that takes place within the poem is commonly thought to be between a white colonialist and an African native . The poem follows a trope in African literature of `` The White Man Laughed '' , which embodies the notion of dismay and cynical derision of the beliefs , practices , and norms of an African . However , Okara 's poem can be seen to transcend the acceptance of the derision of the White Man and present a wiser African intellectual . The poem concludes with the African teaching the White Man of his ignorance and helping him realize that the native beliefs of the African are not primitive nor removed from intellectual thought . ","sentences":["Gabriel Okara 's poem consists of 10 stanzas and describes the interplay of different interpretations of the same sounds , sights , and dances .","The interaction that takes place within the poem is commonly thought to be between a white colonialist and an African native .","The poem follows a trope in African literature of `` The White Man Laughed '' , which embodies the notion of dismay and cynical derision of the beliefs , practices , and norms of an African .","However , Okara 's poem can be seen to transcend the acceptance of the derision of the White Man and present a wiser African intellectual .","The poem concludes with the African teaching the White Man of his ignorance and helping him realize that the native beliefs of the African are not primitive nor removed from intellectual thought ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The interaction that takes place within the poem is commonly thought to be between a white colonialist and an African native. Okara 's poem can be seen to transcend the acceptance of the derision of the White Man and present a wiser African intellectual. The poem concludes with the African teaching the White Man of his ignorance and helping him realize that the native beliefs of the African are not primitive nor removed from intellectual thought.","selected_sentences":["The interaction that takes place within the poem is commonly thought to be between a white colonialist and an African native .","However , Okara 's poem can be seen to transcend the acceptance of the derision of the White Man and present a wiser African intellectual .","The poem concludes with the African teaching the White Man of his ignorance and helping him realize that the native beliefs of the African are not primitive nor removed from intellectual thought ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-5722275223041982351","input":"who sings at the beginning of nice for what","passages":[{"title":"Nice for What","text":"`` Nice for What '' is a song recorded by Canadian rapper Drake . It was released by Young Money Entertainment and Cash Money Records on April 6 , 2018 , along with its music video . The song was produced by Murda Beatz with co-production handled by Blaqnmild , and features additional vocals by Big Freedia and 5th Ward Weebie . It debuted at number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 , replacing Drake 's own `` God 's Plan '' and becoming his fifth US number one . It also debuted atop the UK Singles Chart , becoming his second number - one song of 2018 in the country after `` God 's Plan '' . ","sentences":["`` Nice for What '' is a song recorded by Canadian rapper Drake .","It was released by Young Money Entertainment and Cash Money Records on April 6 , 2018 , along with its music video .","The song was produced by Murda Beatz with co-production handled by Blaqnmild , and features additional vocals by Big Freedia and 5th Ward Weebie .","It debuted at number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 , replacing Drake 's own `` God 's Plan '' and becoming his fifth US number one .","It also debuted atop the UK Singles Chart , becoming his second number - one song of 2018 in the country after `` God 's Plan '' ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"`` Nice for What '' is a song recorded by Canadian rapper Drake and features additional vocals by Big Freedia and 5th Ward Weebie .","selected_sentences":["`` Nice for What '' is a song recorded by Canadian rapper Drake .","The song was produced by Murda Beatz with co-production handled by Blaqnmild , and features additional vocals by Big Freedia and 5th Ward Weebie ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Nice for What featured additional vocals by Big Freedia and 5th Ward Weebie.","selected_sentences":["`` Nice for What '' is a song recorded by Canadian rapper Drake .","The song was produced by Murda Beatz with co-production handled by Blaqnmild , and features additional vocals by Big Freedia and 5th Ward Weebie ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"5436639304781957342","input":"where are the falls in marble falls texas","passages":[{"title":"Marble Falls, Texas","text":"Marble Falls is located in southern Burnet County at 30 \u00b0 34 \u2032 N 98 \u00b0 17 \u2032 W \ufeff \/ \ufeff 30.567 \u00b0 N 98.283 \u00b0 W \ufeff \/ 30.567 ; - 98.283 ( 30.5741 , - 98.2782 ) , on the banks of Lake Marble Falls . According to the Handbook of Texas website , the former falls were flooded by the lake , which was created by a shelf of limestone running diagonally across the Colorado River from northeast to southwest . The upper layer of limestone , brownish on the exterior but a deep blue inside , was so hard and cherty it was mistaken for marble . The falls were actually three distinct formations at the head of a canyon 1.25 miles ( 2.01 km ) long , with a drop of some 50 feet ( 15 m ) through the limestone strata . The natural lake and waterfall were covered when the Colorado River was dammed with the completion of Max Starcke Dam in 1951 . A photo of the falls as they once existed can be seen at the website for the Wallace Guest House , a local bed and breakfast . Lake Marble Falls sits between Lake Lyndon B. Johnson to the north and Lake Travis to the south . The falls for which the city is named are now underwater but are revealed every few years when the lake is lowered . ","sentences":["Marble Falls is located in southern Burnet County at 30 \u00b0 34 \u2032 N 98 \u00b0 17 \u2032 W \ufeff \/ \ufeff 30.567 \u00b0 N 98.283 \u00b0 W \ufeff \/ 30.567 ; - 98.283 ( 30.5741 , - 98.2782 ) , on the banks of Lake Marble Falls .","According to the Handbook of Texas website , the former falls were flooded by the lake , which was created by a shelf of limestone running diagonally across the Colorado River from northeast to southwest .","The upper layer of limestone , brownish on the exterior but a deep blue inside , was so hard and cherty it was mistaken for marble .","The falls were actually three distinct formations at the head of a canyon 1.25 miles ( 2.01 km ) long , with a drop of some 50 feet ( 15 m ) through the limestone strata .","The natural lake and waterfall were covered when the Colorado River was dammed with the completion of Max Starcke Dam in 1951 .","A photo of the falls as they once existed can be seen at the website for the Wallace Guest House , a local bed and breakfast .","Lake Marble Falls sits between Lake Lyndon B. Johnson to the north and Lake Travis to the south .","The falls for which the city is named are now underwater but are revealed every few years when the lake is lowered ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The falls for which the city is named are now underwater but are revealed every few years when the lake is lowered. \r\n The natural lake and waterfall were covered when the Colorado River was dammed with the completion of Max Starcke Dam in 1951.","selected_sentences":["The natural lake and waterfall were covered when the Colorado River was dammed with the completion of Max Starcke Dam in 1951 .","The falls for which the city is named are now underwater but are revealed every few years when the lake is lowered ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Marble Falls, Texas is located in southern Burnet County at 30 \u00b0 34 \u2032 N 98 \u00b0 17 \u2032 W \ufeff \/ \ufeff 30.567 \u00b0 N 98.283 \u00b0 W \ufeff \/ 30.567 ; - 98.283 ( 30.5741 , - 98.2782 ) , on the banks of Lake Marble Falls . The former falls were flooded by the lake , which was created by a shelf of limestone running diagonally across the Colorado River from northeast to southwest. The falls for which the city is named are now underwater but are revealed every few years when the lake is lowered .","selected_sentences":["Marble Falls is located in southern Burnet County at 30 \u00b0 34 \u2032 N 98 \u00b0 17 \u2032 W \ufeff \/ \ufeff 30.567 \u00b0 N 98.283 \u00b0 W \ufeff \/ 30.567 ; - 98.283 ( 30.5741 , - 98.2782 ) , on the banks of Lake Marble Falls .","According to the Handbook of Texas website , the former falls were flooded by the lake , which was created by a shelf of limestone running diagonally across the Colorado River from northeast to southwest .","The falls for which the city is named are now underwater but are revealed every few years when the lake is lowered ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"6117871363562593302","input":"what were harry patch lasting views on war","passages":[{"title":"Harry Patch","text":"When the war ended , I do n't know if I was more relieved that we 'd won or that I did n't have to go back . Passchendaele was a disastrous battle -- thousands and thousands of young lives were lost . It makes me angry . Earlier this year , I went back to Ypres to shake the hand of Charles Kuentz , Germany 's only surviving veteran from the war . It was emotional . He is 107 . We 've had 87 years to think what war is . To me , it 's a licence to go out and murder . Why should the British government call me up and take me out to a battlefield to shoot a man I never knew , whose language I could n't speak ? All those lives lost for a war finished over a table . Now what is the sense in that ? -- ","sentences":["When the war ended , I do n't know if I was more relieved that we 'd won or that I did n't have to go back .","Passchendaele was a disastrous battle -- thousands and thousands of young lives were lost .","It makes me angry .","Earlier this year , I went back to Ypres to shake the hand of Charles Kuentz , Germany 's only surviving veteran from the war .","It was emotional .","He is 107 .","We 've had 87 years to think what war is .","To me , it 's a licence to go out and murder .","Why should the British government call me up and take me out to a battlefield to shoot a man I never knew , whose language I could n't speak ?","All those lives lost for a war finished over a table .","Now what is the sense in that ? --"]}],"output":[{"answer":"To Harry Patch, it's a license to go out and murder.  All those lives lost for a war finished over a table, and now what is the sense in that?","selected_sentences":["To me , it 's a licence to go out and murder .","All those lives lost for a war finished over a table .","Now what is the sense in that ? --"],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"He considered the war to be a license to go out and murder. He questioned the sense behind all those lives lost for a war finished over a table and that behind being called up and sent to a battlefield to shoot a man he never knew, whose language he couldn't speak.","selected_sentences":["To me , it 's a licence to go out and murder .","Why should the British government call me up and take me out to a battlefield to shoot a man I never knew , whose language I could n't speak ?","All those lives lost for a war finished over a table .","Now what is the sense in that ? --"],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-1152407807275770327","input":"show me on a map where ecuador is","passages":[{"title":"Ecuador","text":"Ecuador ( \/ \u02c8\u025bkw\u0259d\u0254\u02d0r \/ ( listen ) EK - w\u0259 - dor , Spanish : ( ekwa\u02c8\u00f0or ) ) ( Quechua : Ikwadur ) , officially the Republic of Ecuador ( Spanish : Rep\u00fablica del Ecuador , which literally translates as `` Republic of the Equator '' ; Quechua : Ikwadur Ripuwlika ) , is a representative democratic republic in northwestern South America , bordered by Colombia on the north , Peru on the east and south , and the Pacific Ocean to the west . Ecuador also includes the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands in the Pacific , about 1,000 kilometres ( 620 mi ) west of the mainland . The capital city is Quito , while the largest city is Guayaquil . ","sentences":["Ecuador ( \/ \u02c8\u025bkw\u0259d\u0254\u02d0r \/ ( listen ) EK - w\u0259 - dor , Spanish : ( ekwa\u02c8\u00f0or ) )","( Quechua : Ikwadur ) , officially the Republic of Ecuador ( Spanish : Rep\u00fablica del Ecuador , which literally translates as `` Republic of the Equator '' ;","Quechua : Ikwadur Ripuwlika ) , is a representative democratic republic in northwestern South America , bordered by Colombia on the north , Peru on the east and south , and the Pacific Ocean to the west .","Ecuador also includes the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands in the Pacific , about 1,000 kilometres ( 620 mi ) west of the mainland .","The capital city is Quito , while the largest city is Guayaquil ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in northwestern South America , bordered by Colombia on the north , Peru on the east and south , and the Pacific Ocean to the west . Ecuador also includes the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands in the Pacific , about 1,000 kilometres ( 620 mi ) west of the mainland .","selected_sentences":["Ecuador ( \/ \u02c8\u025bkw\u0259d\u0254\u02d0r \/ ( listen ) EK - w\u0259 - dor , Spanish : ( ekwa\u02c8\u00f0or ) )","Quechua : Ikwadur Ripuwlika ) , is a representative democratic republic in northwestern South America , bordered by Colombia on the north , Peru on the east and south , and the Pacific Ocean to the west .","Ecuador also includes the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands in the Pacific , about 1,000 kilometres ( 620 mi ) west of the mainland ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Ecuador is in northwestern South America , bordered by Colombia on the north , Peru on the east and south , and the Pacific Ocean to the west . Ecuador also includes the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands in the Pacific , about 620 mi west of the mainland .","selected_sentences":["Ecuador ( \/ \u02c8\u025bkw\u0259d\u0254\u02d0r \/ ( listen ) EK - w\u0259 - dor , Spanish : ( ekwa\u02c8\u00f0or ) )","Quechua : Ikwadur Ripuwlika ) , is a representative democratic republic in northwestern South America , bordered by Colombia on the north , Peru on the east and south , and the Pacific Ocean to the west .","Ecuador also includes the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands in the Pacific , about 1,000 kilometres ( 620 mi ) west of the mainland ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"8178812834126067626","input":"where are nimbus clouds found in the sky","passages":[{"title":"Nimbostratus cloud","text":"Nimbostratus has a diffuse cloud base generally found anywhere from near surface in the low levels to about 3,000 m ( 9,800 ft ) in the middle level of the troposphere . Although usually dark at its base , it often appears illuminated from within to a surface observer . Nimbostratus usually has a thickness of about 2000 to 4000 m . Though found worldwide , nimbostratus occurs more commonly in the middle latitudes . It is coded C 2 on the SYNOP report . ","sentences":["Nimbostratus has a diffuse cloud base generally found anywhere from near surface in the low levels to about 3,000 m ( 9,800 ft ) in the middle level of the troposphere .","Although usually dark at its base , it often appears illuminated from within to a surface observer .","Nimbostratus usually has a thickness of about 2000 to 4000 m .","Though found worldwide , nimbostratus occurs more commonly in the middle latitudes .","It is coded C 2 on the SYNOP report ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Nimbostratus has a diffuse cloud base generally found anywhere from near surface in the low levels to about 3,000 m in the middle level of the troposphere.   Though found worldwide, nimbostratus occurs more commonly in the middle latitudes.","selected_sentences":["Nimbostratus has a diffuse cloud base generally found anywhere from near surface in the low levels to about 3,000 m ( 9,800 ft ) in the middle level of the troposphere .","Though found worldwide , nimbostratus occurs more commonly in the middle latitudes ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"7917660921108075032","input":"jay z magna carta holy grail album sales","passages":[{"title":"Magna Carta Holy Grail","text":"Magna Carta Holy Grail debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and sold 528,000 copies in its first week , which bypassed its predicted debut in the range of 350,000 to 400,000 . The album also debuted at number one on the Canadian Albums Chart . It is Jay - Z 's third straight number one album in Canada . The album debuted at number one on the UK Album Chart , Jay - Z 's first UK number one album . In its second week the album sold 129,000 more copies in the United States . Despite the 76 % drop in sales , Magna Carta Holy Grail retained its number one position on the Billboard 200 , becoming the first rap album to spend two consecutive weeks on top since Lil Wayne 's Tha Carter IV ( 2011 ) . In its third week the album would drop down to number two , selling 77,000 copies . In its fourth week the album would drop down to number three , selling 62,000 copies . It sold 1,099,000 copies in 2013 in the United States , making it the tenth best - selling album of the year . By February 26 , 2014 , the album had sold 1,130,000 copies in the United States . As of September 2 , 2013 , It was announced by Billboard that Magna Carta Holy Grail was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , for shipments of two million copies in the United States . ","sentences":["Magna Carta Holy Grail debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and sold 528,000 copies in its first week , which bypassed its predicted debut in the range of 350,000 to 400,000 .","The album also debuted at number one on the Canadian Albums Chart .","It is Jay - Z 's third straight number one album in Canada .","The album debuted at number one on the UK Album Chart , Jay - Z 's first UK number one album .","In its second week the album sold 129,000 more copies in the United States .","Despite the 76 % drop in sales , Magna Carta Holy Grail retained its number one position on the Billboard 200 , becoming the first rap album to spend two consecutive weeks on top since Lil Wayne 's Tha Carter IV ( 2011 ) .","In its third week the album would drop down to number two , selling 77,000 copies .","In its fourth week the album would drop down to number three , selling 62,000 copies .","It sold 1,099,000 copies in 2013 in the United States , making it the tenth best - selling album of the year .","By February 26 , 2014 , the album had sold 1,130,000 copies in the United States .","As of September 2 , 2013 , It was announced by Billboard that Magna Carta Holy Grail was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , for shipments of two million copies in the United States ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Magna Carta Holy Grail debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and sold 528,000 copies in its first week, in its second week the album sold 129,000 more copies. In its third week the album sold 77,000 copies and in its fourth week 62,000 copies. By February 26, 2014, the album had sold 1,130,000 copies in the United States.","selected_sentences":["Magna Carta Holy Grail debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and sold 528,000 copies in its first week , which bypassed its predicted debut in the range of 350,000 to 400,000 .","In its second week the album sold 129,000 more copies in the United States .","In its third week the album would drop down to number two , selling 77,000 copies .","In its fourth week the album would drop down to number three , selling 62,000 copies .","By February 26 , 2014 , the album had sold 1,130,000 copies in the United States ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Magna Carta Holy Grail debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and sold 528,000 copies in its first week, in its second week the album sold 129,000 more copies. In its third week the album sold 77,000 copies and in its fourth week 62,000 copies. By February 26, 2014, the album had sold 1,130,000 copies in the United States. It also had shipments of two million copies in the United States .","selected_sentences":["Magna Carta Holy Grail debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and sold 528,000 copies in its first week , which bypassed its predicted debut in the range of 350,000 to 400,000 .","In its second week the album sold 129,000 more copies in the United States .","In its third week the album would drop down to number two , selling 77,000 copies .","In its fourth week the album would drop down to number three , selling 62,000 copies .","By February 26 , 2014 , the album had sold 1,130,000 copies in the United States .","As of September 2 , 2013 , It was announced by Billboard that Magna Carta Holy Grail was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , for shipments of two million copies in the United States ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"996740052006736596","input":"what is the process of somatic cell nuclear transfer","passages":[{"title":"Somatic cell nuclear transfer","text":"The process of somatic cell nuclear transplant involves two different cells . The first being a female gamete , known as the ovum ( egg \/ oocyte ) . In human SCNT ( Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer ) experiments , these eggs are obtained through consenting donors , utilizing ovarian stimulation . The second being a somatic cell , referring to the cells of the human body . Skin cells , fat cells , and liver cells are only a few examples . The nucleus of the donor egg cell is removed and discarded , leaving it ' deprogrammed . ' What is left is a somatic cell and an denucleated egg cell . These are then fused by inserting the somatic cell into the ' empty ' ovum . After being inserted into the egg , the somatic cell nucleus is reprogrammed by its host egg cell . The ovum , now containing the somatic cell 's nucleus , is stimulated with a shock and will begin to divide . The egg is now viable and capable of producing an adult organism containing all the necessary genetic information from just one parent . Development will ensue normally and after many mitotic divisions , this single cell forms a blastocyst ( an early stage embryo with about 100 cells ) with an identical genome to the original organism ( i.e. a clone ) . Stem cells can then be obtained by the destruction of this clone embryo for use in therapeutic cloning or in the case of reproductive cloning the clone embryo is implanted into a host mother for further development and brought to term . ","sentences":["The process of somatic cell nuclear transplant involves two different cells .","The first being a female gamete , known as the ovum ( egg \/ oocyte ) .","In human SCNT ( Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer ) experiments , these eggs are obtained through consenting donors , utilizing ovarian stimulation .","The second being a somatic cell , referring to the cells of the human body .","Skin cells , fat cells , and liver cells are only a few examples .","The nucleus of the donor egg cell is removed and discarded , leaving it ' deprogrammed . '","What is left is a somatic cell and an denucleated egg cell .","These are then fused by inserting the somatic cell into the ' empty ' ovum .","After being inserted into the egg , the somatic cell nucleus is reprogrammed by its host egg cell .","The ovum , now containing the somatic cell 's nucleus , is stimulated with a shock and will begin to divide .","The egg is now viable and capable of producing an adult organism containing all the necessary genetic information from just one parent .","Development will ensue normally and after many mitotic divisions , this single cell forms a blastocyst ( an early stage embryo with about 100 cells ) with an identical genome to the original organism ( i.e. a clone ) .","Stem cells can then be obtained by the destruction of this clone embryo for use in therapeutic cloning or in the case of reproductive cloning the clone embryo is implanted into a host mother for further development and brought to term ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The process of somatic cell nuclear transplant involves two different cells. The first being a female gamete, known as the ovum (egg \/ oocyte). The second being a somatic cell, referring to the cells of the human body.  In human SCNT (Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer) experiments, these eggs are obtained through consenting donors, utilizing ovarian stimulation. The nucleus of the donor egg cell is removed and discarded, leaving it 'deprogrammed'. What is left is a somatic cell and an denucleated egg cell, these are then fused by inserting the somatic cell into the 'empty' ovum. The ovum, now containing the somatic cell's nucleus, is stimulated with a shock and will begin to divide. The egg is now viable and capable of producing an adult organism containing all the necessary genetic information from just one parent.","selected_sentences":["The process of somatic cell nuclear transplant involves two different cells .","The first being a female gamete , known as the ovum ( egg \/ oocyte ) .","In human SCNT ( Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer ) experiments , these eggs are obtained through consenting donors , utilizing ovarian stimulation .","The second being a somatic cell , referring to the cells of the human body .","The nucleus of the donor egg cell is removed and discarded , leaving it ' deprogrammed . '","What is left is a somatic cell and an denucleated egg cell .","These are then fused by inserting the somatic cell into the ' empty ' ovum .","The ovum , now containing the somatic cell 's nucleus , is stimulated with a shock and will begin to divide .","The egg is now viable and capable of producing an adult organism containing all the necessary genetic information from just one parent ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"3210998342303398345","input":"why is interphase not truly a period of rest","passages":[{"title":"Interphase","text":"Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle in which a typical cell spends most of its life . During this phase , the cell copies its DNA in preparation for mitosis . Interphase is the ' daily living ' or metabolic phase of the cell , in which the cell obtains nutrients and metabolizes them , grows , reads its DNA , and conducts other `` normal '' cell functions . The majority of eukaryotic cells spend most of their time in interphase . This phase was formerly called the resting phase . However , interphase does not describe a cell that is merely resting ; rather , the cell is living , and preparing for later cell division , so the name was changed . A common misconception is that interphase is the first stage of mitosis . However , since mitosis is the division of the nucleus , prophase is actually the first stage . ","sentences":["Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle in which a typical cell spends most of its life .","During this phase , the cell copies its DNA in preparation for mitosis .","Interphase is the ' daily living ' or metabolic phase of the cell , in which the cell obtains nutrients and metabolizes them , grows , reads its DNA , and conducts other `` normal '' cell functions .","The majority of eukaryotic cells spend most of their time in interphase .","This phase was formerly called the resting phase .","However , interphase does not describe a cell that is merely resting ; rather , the cell is living , and preparing for later cell division , so the name was changed .","A common misconception is that interphase is the first stage of mitosis .","However , since mitosis is the division of the nucleus , prophase is actually the first stage ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle in which a typical cell spends most of its life . This phase was formerly called the resting phase .However , interphase does not describe a cell that is merely resting ; rather , the cell is living , and preparing for later cell division , so the name was changed .","selected_sentences":["Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle in which a typical cell spends most of its life .","This phase was formerly called the resting phase .","However , interphase does not describe a cell that is merely resting ; rather , the cell is living , and preparing for later cell division , so the name was changed ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"1525043530395262205","input":"why did the united states begin opening prisons","passages":[{"title":"History of United States prison systems","text":"Starting in the 1820s , a new institution , the `` penitentiary '' , gradually became the focal point of criminal justice in the United States . At the same time , other novel institutions -- the asylum and the almshouse -- redefined care for the mentally ill and the poor . For its proponents , the penitentiary was an ambitious program whose external appearance , internal arrangements , and daily routine would counteract the disorder and immorality thought to be breeding crime in American society . Although its adoption was haphazard at first , and marked by political strife -- especially in the South -- the penitentiary became an established institution in the United States by the end of the 1830s . New ","sentences":["Starting in the 1820s , a new institution , the `` penitentiary '' , gradually became the focal point of criminal justice in the United States .","At the same time , other novel institutions -- the asylum and the almshouse -- redefined care for the mentally ill and the poor .","For its proponents , the penitentiary was an ambitious program whose external appearance , internal arrangements , and daily routine would counteract the disorder and immorality thought to be breeding crime in American society .","Although its adoption was haphazard at first , and marked by political strife -- especially in the South -- the penitentiary became an established institution in the United States by the end of the 1830s .","New"]}],"output":[{"answer":"Starting in the 1820s, a new institution, the ``penitentiary'', gradually became the focal point of criminal justice in the United States. Although its adoption was haphazard at first and marked by political strife -- especially in the South -- the penitentiary became an established institution in the United States by the end of the 1830s.","selected_sentences":["Starting in the 1820s , a new institution , the `` penitentiary '' , gradually became the focal point of criminal justice in the United States .","Although its adoption was haphazard at first , and marked by political strife -- especially in the South -- the penitentiary became an established institution in the United States by the end of the 1830s ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"353185088012400827","input":"where is yemen located in the middle east","passages":[{"title":"Yemen","text":"Yemen ( \/ \u02c8j\u025bm\u0259n \/ ( listen ) ; Arabic : \u0627\u0644\u064a\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646 \u200e al - Yaman ) , officially known as the Republic of Yemen ( \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 al - Jumh\u016br\u012byah al - Yaman\u012byah ) , is an Arab country in Western Asia at the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula . Yemen is the second - largest country in the peninsula , occupying 527,970 km ( 203,850 sq mi ) . The coastline stretches for about 2,000 km ( 1,200 mi ) . It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north , the Red Sea to the west , the Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea to the south , and Oman to the east - northeast . Although Yemen 's constitutionally stated capital is the city of Sana'a , the city has been under Houthi rebel control since February 2015 . Because of this , Yemen 's capital has been temporarily relocated to the port city of Aden , on the southern coast . Yemen 's territory includes more than 200 islands ; the largest of these is Socotra . ","sentences":["Yemen ( \/ \u02c8j\u025bm\u0259n \/ ( listen ) ;","Arabic : \u0627\u0644\u064a\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646 \u200e al - Yaman ) , officially known as the Republic of Yemen ( \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 al - Jumh\u016br\u012byah al - Yaman\u012byah ) , is an Arab country in Western Asia at the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula .","Yemen is the second - largest country in the peninsula , occupying 527,970 km ( 203,850 sq mi ) .","The coastline stretches for about 2,000 km ( 1,200 mi ) .","It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north , the Red Sea to the west , the Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea to the south , and Oman to the east - northeast .","Although Yemen 's constitutionally stated capital is the city of Sana'a , the city has been under Houthi rebel control since February 2015 .","Because of this , Yemen 's capital has been temporarily relocated to the port city of Aden , on the southern coast .","Yemen 's territory includes more than 200 islands ; the largest of these is Socotra ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Yemen is an Arab country in Western Asia at the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, and It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north , the Red Sea to the west , the Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea to the south , and Oman to the east - northeast .","selected_sentences":["Yemen ( \/ \u02c8j\u025bm\u0259n \/ ( listen ) ;","Arabic : \u0627\u0644\u064a\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646 \u200e al - Yaman ) , officially known as the Republic of Yemen ( \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 al - Jumh\u016br\u012byah al - Yaman\u012byah ) , is an Arab country in Western Asia at the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula .","It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north , the Red Sea to the west , the Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea to the south , and Oman to the east - northeast ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Yemen is an Arab country in Western Asia at the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, and it is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, the Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea to the south and Oman to the east-northeast.","selected_sentences":["Yemen ( \/ \u02c8j\u025bm\u0259n \/ ( listen ) ;","Arabic : \u0627\u0644\u064a\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646 \u200e al - Yaman ) , officially known as the Republic of Yemen ( \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 al - Jumh\u016br\u012byah al - Yaman\u012byah ) , is an Arab country in Western Asia at the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula .","It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north , the Red Sea to the west , the Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea to the south , and Oman to the east - northeast ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"2013677806126951373","input":"give three reasons why the fynbos biome is so important to south africa and the world","passages":[{"title":"Fynbos","text":"Of the world 's six floral kingdoms , this is the smallest and richest per unit of area . The Holarctic kingdom , in contrast , incorporates the whole of the Northern Hemisphere north of the tropics . The diversity of fynbos plants is extremely high , with over 9000 species of plants occurring in the area , around 6200 of which are endemic , i.e. growing nowhere else in the world . South Africa 's Western Cape has a level of botanic diversity that exceeds that of the richest tropical rainforest in South America , including the Amazon . Of the Ericas , over 600 occur in the fynbos kingdom , while only two or three dozen have been described in the rest of the world . This is in an area of 46,000 km -- by comparison , the Netherlands , with an area of 33,000 km , has 1400 species , none of them endemic . Table Mountain in Cape Town supports 2200 species , more than the entire United Kingdom . Thus , although the fynbos covers only 6 % of the area of southern Africa , it has half the species on the subcontinent -- and in fact has almost 1 in 5 of all African plant species so far described . ","sentences":["Of the world 's six floral kingdoms , this is the smallest and richest per unit of area .","The Holarctic kingdom , in contrast , incorporates the whole of the Northern Hemisphere north of the tropics .","The diversity of fynbos plants is extremely high , with over 9000 species of plants occurring in the area , around 6200 of which are endemic , i.e. growing nowhere else in the world .","South Africa 's Western Cape has a level of botanic diversity that exceeds that of the richest tropical rainforest in South America , including the Amazon .","Of the Ericas , over 600 occur in the fynbos kingdom , while only two or three dozen have been described in the rest of the world .","This is in an area of 46,000 km -- by comparison , the Netherlands , with an area of 33,000 km , has 1400 species , none of them endemic .","Table Mountain in Cape Town supports 2200 species , more than the entire United Kingdom .","Thus , although the fynbos covers only 6 % of the area of southern Africa , it has half the species on the subcontinent -- and in fact has almost 1 in 5 of all African plant species so far described ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Of the world 's six floral kingdoms, Fynbos is the smallest and richest per unit of area. The diversity of fynbos plants is extremely high, with over 9000 species of plants occurring in the area, around 6200 of which are endemic, i.e. growing nowhere else in the world. South Africa's Western Cape has a level of botanic diversity that exceeds that of the richest tropical rainforest in South America, including the Amazon. Of the Ericas, over 600 occur in the fynbos kingdom, while only two or three dozen have been described in the rest of the world.","selected_sentences":["Of the world 's six floral kingdoms , this is the smallest and richest per unit of area .","The diversity of fynbos plants is extremely high , with over 9000 species of plants occurring in the area , around 6200 of which are endemic , i.e. growing nowhere else in the world .","South Africa 's Western Cape has a level of botanic diversity that exceeds that of the richest tropical rainforest in South America , including the Amazon .","Of the Ericas , over 600 occur in the fynbos kingdom , while only two or three dozen have been described in the rest of the world ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"","selected_sentences":[],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":true,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-7378308003987837218","input":"indian tribes that walked the trail of tears","passages":[{"title":"Trail of Tears","text":"The Trail of Tears was a series of forced relocations of Native American peoples from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States , to areas to the west ( usually west of the Mississippi River ) that had been designated as Indian Territory . The forced relocations were carried out by government authorities following the passage of the Indian Removal Act in 1830 . The relocated peoples suffered from exposure , disease , and starvation while en route to their new designated reserve , and many died before reaching their destinations . The forced removals included members of the Cherokee , Muscogee ( Creek ) , Seminole , Chickasaw , Choctaw , and Ponca nations . The phrase `` Trail of Tears '' originates from a description of the removal of many Native American tribes , including the infamous Cherokee Nation relocation in 1838 . ","sentences":["The Trail of Tears was a series of forced relocations of Native American peoples from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States , to areas to the west ( usually west of the Mississippi River ) that had been designated as Indian Territory .","The forced relocations were carried out by government authorities following the passage of the Indian Removal Act in 1830 .","The relocated peoples suffered from exposure , disease , and starvation while en route to their new designated reserve , and many died before reaching their destinations .","The forced removals included members of the Cherokee , Muscogee ( Creek ) , Seminole , Chickasaw , Choctaw , and Ponca nations .","The phrase `` Trail of Tears '' originates from a description of the removal of many Native American tribes , including the infamous Cherokee Nation relocation in 1838 ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The Trail of Tears was a series of forced relocations of Native American peoples from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States , to areas to the west ( usually west of the Mississippi River ) that had been designated as Indian Territory.  They included  members of the Cherokee , Muscogee ( Creek ) , Seminole , Chickasaw , Choctaw , and Ponca nations .","selected_sentences":["The Trail of Tears was a series of forced relocations of Native American peoples from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States , to areas to the west ( usually west of the Mississippi River ) that had been designated as Indian Territory .","The forced removals included members of the Cherokee , Muscogee ( Creek ) , Seminole , Chickasaw , Choctaw , and Ponca nations ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-8968924461127428093","input":"what episode of family guy does meg get pregnant","passages":[{"title":"Peter's Daughter","text":"When the house is flooded due to a flash flood , Peter orders Meg to get a case of beer , but she drowns . Peter saves her , and they find out that Meg has fallen into a coma , prompting Peter to rethink his constant cruel behavior towards her . When Meg recovers , Peter swears to become a better father . She starts dating a medical intern named Michael Milano , to whom she awoke at the hospital . Peter spies on them to make sure Michael will not hurt Meg ; however , this behavior ends up driving Michael away . Later , Meg shocks the family when she announces that she is pregnant . Peter concludes that the only thing to do is force Michael to marry her , and heads to his house with a shotgun ; however , after learning of Meg 's pregnancy , Michael turns out to be completely willing . Lois tells Meg `` There are other options , '' but Meg does n't want to get an abortion . Meg decides to go through with it , until the wedding ceremony , where she reveals to Lois that she just found out she is not actually pregnant , instead , she had her period and assumes she read the pregnancy test wrong . Lois suggests that Meg tell Michael the truth , and says that if Michael really cares about her , he will still understand and stay . When she tells him , however , Michael bails out completely without a word . The episode ends with Peter introducing a live action clip of Conway Twitty . ","sentences":["When the house is flooded due to a flash flood , Peter orders Meg to get a case of beer , but she drowns .","Peter saves her , and they find out that Meg has fallen into a coma , prompting Peter to rethink his constant cruel behavior towards her .","When Meg recovers , Peter swears to become a better father .","She starts dating a medical intern named Michael Milano , to whom she awoke at the hospital .","Peter spies on them to make sure Michael will not hurt Meg ; however , this behavior ends up driving Michael away .","Later , Meg shocks the family when she announces that she is pregnant .","Peter concludes that the only thing to do is force Michael to marry her , and heads to his house with a shotgun ; however , after learning of Meg 's pregnancy , Michael turns out to be completely willing .","Lois tells Meg `` There are other options , '' but Meg does n't want to get an abortion .","Meg decides to go through with it , until the wedding ceremony , where she reveals to Lois that she just found out she is not actually pregnant , instead , she had her period and assumes she read the pregnancy test wrong .","Lois suggests that Meg tell Michael the truth , and says that if Michael really cares about her , he will still understand and stay .","When she tells him , however , Michael bails out completely without a word .","The episode ends with Peter introducing a live action clip of Conway Twitty ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The episode that ends with Peter introducing a live action clip of Conway Twitty is the one where Meg shocks the family when she announces that she is pregnant.","selected_sentences":["Later , Meg shocks the family when she announces that she is pregnant .","The episode ends with Peter introducing a live action clip of Conway Twitty ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"6035128968861552746","input":"what was the purpose for building the monuments in the horyu ji area","passages":[{"title":"H\u014dry\u016b-ji","text":"The temple was originally commissioned by Prince Sh\u014dtoku ; at the time it was called Ikaruga - dera ( \u6591\u9ce9 \u5bfa ) , a name that is still sometimes used . This first temple is believed to have been completed by 607 . H\u014dry\u016b - ji was dedicated to Yakushi Nyorai , the Buddha of healing and in honor of the prince 's father . Excavations done in 1939 confirmed that Prince Shotoku 's palace , the Ikaruga - no - miya ( \u6591\u9ce9 \u5bae ) , occupied the eastern part of the current temple complex , where the T\u014d - in ( \u6771\u9662 ) sits today . Also discovered were the ruins of a temple complex which was southwest of the prince 's palace and not completely within the present temple complex . The original temple , named by modern historians and archaeologists Wakakusa - garan ( \u82e5\u8349 \u4f3d\u85cd ) , was lost , probably burned to the ground after being hit by lightning in 670 . The temple was reconstructed but slightly reoriented in a northwest position , which is believed to have been completed by around 711 . The temple was repaired and reassembled in the early twelfth century , in 1374 , and 1603 . ","sentences":["The temple was originally commissioned by Prince Sh\u014dtoku ; at the time it was called Ikaruga - dera ( \u6591\u9ce9 \u5bfa ) , a name that is still sometimes used .","This first temple is believed to have been completed by 607 .","H\u014dry\u016b - ji was dedicated to Yakushi Nyorai , the Buddha of healing and in honor of the prince 's father .","Excavations done in 1939 confirmed that Prince Shotoku 's palace , the Ikaruga - no - miya ( \u6591\u9ce9 \u5bae ) , occupied the eastern part of the current temple complex , where the T\u014d - in ( \u6771\u9662 ) sits today .","Also discovered were the ruins of a temple complex which was southwest of the prince 's palace and not completely within the present temple complex .","The original temple , named by modern historians and archaeologists Wakakusa - garan ( \u82e5\u8349 \u4f3d\u85cd ) , was lost , probably burned to the ground after being hit by lightning in 670 .","The temple was reconstructed but slightly reoriented in a northwest position , which is believed to have been completed by around 711 .","The temple was repaired and reassembled in the early twelfth century , in 1374 , and 1603 ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The temple was originally commissioned by Prince Sh\u014dtoku. H\u014dry\u016b-ji was dedicated to Yakushi Nyorai, the Buddha of healing and in honor of the prince's father.","selected_sentences":["The temple was originally commissioned by Prince Sh\u014dtoku ; at the time it was called Ikaruga - dera ( \u6591\u9ce9 \u5bfa ) , a name that is still sometimes used .","H\u014dry\u016b - ji was dedicated to Yakushi Nyorai , the Buddha of healing and in honor of the prince 's father ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"7138718732378649732","input":"what is the tax rate for lottery winnings in california","passages":[{"title":"California State Lottery","text":"All prizes for Fantasy 5 , Daily Derby , Daily 3 , Daily 4 , and non-jackpot SuperLotto Plus , Mega Millions , and Powerball prizes , are paid out in one payment , less 25 % or 33 % ( depending upon the winner 's tax documentation ) Federal withholding if the prize is over $5,000 . Merchandise prizes over $5,000 are subject to 33 % Federal withholding . Scratchers tickets are generally one - payment prizes ; however , some games have annuity options for payments each year , or per week . California does not tax California Lottery winnings , however it taxes lottery winnings from other jurisdictions . For SuperLotto Plus and Mega Millions jackpots , the player may choose a single cash payout for a floating percentage of the jackpot , or an annuity . The SuperLotto Plus , Mega Millions , and Powerball payment schedule are on a graduated basis over 30 annual payments . Until 2005 , when California joined Mega Millions , the payment choice on SuperLotto Plus had to be made when the ticket was bought . Since then , there is a 60 - day window after winning , in which the choice of cash or annuity is to be made . ","sentences":["All prizes for Fantasy 5 , Daily Derby , Daily 3 , Daily 4 , and non-jackpot SuperLotto Plus , Mega Millions , and Powerball prizes , are paid out in one payment , less 25 % or 33 % ( depending upon the winner 's tax documentation )","Federal withholding if the prize is over $5,000 .","Merchandise prizes over $5,000 are subject to 33 % Federal withholding .","Scratchers tickets are generally one - payment prizes ; however , some games have annuity options for payments each year , or per week .","California does not tax California Lottery winnings , however it taxes lottery winnings from other jurisdictions .","For SuperLotto Plus and Mega Millions jackpots , the player may choose a single cash payout for a floating percentage of the jackpot , or an annuity .","The SuperLotto Plus , Mega Millions , and Powerball payment schedule are on a graduated basis over 30 annual payments .","Until 2005 , when California joined Mega Millions , the payment choice on SuperLotto Plus had to be made when the ticket was bought .","Since then , there is a 60 - day window after winning , in which the choice of cash or annuity is to be made ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"All prizes for Fantasy 5, Daily Derby, Daily 3, Daily 4, and non-jackpot SuperLotto Plus, Mega Millions, and Powerball prizes, are paid out in one payment, less 25 % or 33 % (depending upon the winner 's tax documentation) Federal Withholding if the prize is over $5,000. California does not tax California Lottery winnings, however it taxes lottery winnings from other jurisdictions.","selected_sentences":["All prizes for Fantasy 5 , Daily Derby , Daily 3 , Daily 4 , and non-jackpot SuperLotto Plus , Mega Millions , and Powerball prizes , are paid out in one payment , less 25 % or 33 % ( depending upon the winner 's tax documentation )","Federal withholding if the prize is over $5,000 .","California does not tax California Lottery winnings , however it taxes lottery winnings from other jurisdictions ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-5182527068386462986","input":"what does a high coefficient of thermal expansion mean","passages":[{"title":"Thermal expansion","text":"Temperature is a monotonic function of the average molecular kinetic energy of a substance . When a substance is heated , the kinetic energy of its molecules increases . Thus , the molecules begin vibrating \/ moving more and usually maintain a greater average separation . Materials which contract with increasing temperature are unusual ; this effect is limited in size , and only occurs within limited temperature ranges ( see examples below ) . The relative expansion ( also called strain ) divided by the change in temperature is called the material 's coefficient of thermal expansion and generally varies with temperature . ","sentences":["Temperature is a monotonic function of the average molecular kinetic energy of a substance .","When a substance is heated , the kinetic energy of its molecules increases .","Thus , the molecules begin vibrating \/ moving more and usually maintain a greater average separation .","Materials which contract with increasing temperature are unusual ; this effect is limited in size , and only occurs within limited temperature ranges ( see examples below ) .","The relative expansion ( also called strain ) divided by the change in temperature is called the material 's coefficient of thermal expansion and generally varies with temperature ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"When a substance is heated, the kinetic energy of its molecules increases, thus, the molecules begin vibrating. The relative expansion divided by the change in temperature is called the material's coefficient of thermal expansion and generally varies with temperature.","selected_sentences":["When a substance is heated , the kinetic energy of its molecules increases .","Thus , the molecules begin vibrating \/ moving more and usually maintain a greater average separation .","The relative expansion ( also called strain ) divided by the change in temperature is called the material 's coefficient of thermal expansion and generally varies with temperature ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"3560498347527160821","input":"what is the atomic mass and atomic number","passages":[{"title":"Mass number","text":"The mass number ( symbol A , from the German word Atomgewichte ( atomic weight ) , also called atomic mass number or nucleon number , is the total number of protons and neutrons ( together known as nucleons ) in an atomic nucleus . It determines the atomic mass of atoms . Because protons and neutrons both are baryons , the mass number A is identical with the baryon number B as of the nucleus as of the whole atom or ion . The mass number is different for each different isotope of a chemical element . This is not the same as the atomic number ( Z ) which denotes the number of protons in a nucleus , and thus uniquely identifies an element . Hence , the difference between the mass number and the atomic number gives the number of neutrons ( N ) in a given nucleus : N = A \u2212 Z ( \\ displaystyle N = A-Z ) . ","sentences":["The mass number ( symbol A , from the German word Atomgewichte ( atomic weight ) , also called atomic mass number or nucleon number , is the total number of protons and neutrons ( together known as nucleons ) in an atomic nucleus .","It determines the atomic mass of atoms .","Because protons and neutrons both are baryons , the mass number A is identical with the baryon number B as of the nucleus as of the whole atom or ion .","The mass number is different for each different isotope of a chemical element .","This is not the same as the atomic number ( Z ) which denotes the number of protons in a nucleus , and thus uniquely identifies an element .","Hence , the difference between the mass number and the atomic number gives the number of neutrons ( N ) in a given nucleus : N =","A \u2212 Z ( \\ displaystyle N =","A-Z ) ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The mass number, also called atomic mass number or nucleon number, is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus, and it determines the atomic mass of atoms.  The atomic number denotes the number of protons in a nucleus, and thus uniquely identifies an element.","selected_sentences":["The mass number ( symbol A , from the German word Atomgewichte ( atomic weight ) , also called atomic mass number or nucleon number , is the total number of protons and neutrons ( together known as nucleons ) in an atomic nucleus .","It determines the atomic mass of atoms .","This is not the same as the atomic number ( Z ) which denotes the number of protons in a nucleus , and thus uniquely identifies an element ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-2140615685061189870","input":"when do dawson and joey's first kiss","passages":[{"title":"Joey Potter","text":"In season one , Joey is the `` girl next door . '' She is confused by her growth into a teenager and her developing feelings for her longtime best friend Dawson , who she also admitted is her soulmate . She immediately becomes jealous when Jen Lindley arrives and steals Dawson away from her . She is intimidated by Jen , who grew up in New York and does not know how to compete . She lives with her pregnant sister Bessie , and she works for her at the Ice House , the Potter family restaurant . She is frustrated with having to deal with work and taking care of her sister along with significant helpings of teenage angst . Nonetheless , Joey manages to be helpful with the birth of Bessie 's son , Alexander , as does their critical neighbor , Evelyn Ryan . One day she is convinced to compete in the beauty pageant , which she does so that she can win the cash prize . But instead of winning the contest , she wins Dawson 's heart , as he finally sees past his best friend image , and realizes that he has strong romantic feelings towards her . At the end of the season , she finds herself with the opportunity of going to Paris for a year , but rejects it in favor of staying in Capeside with Dawson after she and Dawson kiss . ","sentences":["In season one , Joey is the `` girl next door . ''","She is confused by her growth into a teenager and her developing feelings for her longtime best friend Dawson , who she also admitted is her soulmate .","She immediately becomes jealous when Jen Lindley arrives and steals Dawson away from her .","She is intimidated by Jen , who grew up in New York and does not know how to compete .","She lives with her pregnant sister Bessie , and she works for her at the Ice House , the Potter family restaurant .","She is frustrated with having to deal with work and taking care of her sister along with significant helpings of teenage angst .","Nonetheless , Joey manages to be helpful with the birth of Bessie 's son , Alexander , as does their critical neighbor , Evelyn Ryan .","One day she is convinced to compete in the beauty pageant , which she does so that she can win the cash prize .","But instead of winning the contest , she wins Dawson 's heart , as he finally sees past his best friend image , and realizes that he has strong romantic feelings towards her .","At the end of the season , she finds herself with the opportunity of going to Paris for a year , but rejects it in favor of staying in Capeside with Dawson after she and Dawson kiss ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Joey is the ``girl next door''. She competes in a beauty pageant, but instead of winning the contest, she wins Dawson's heart, as he finally sees past his best friend image and realizes that he has strong romantic feelings towards her. At the end of the season, she finds herself with the opportunity of going to Paris for a year, but rejects it in favor of staying in Capeside with Dawson after she and Dawson kiss.","selected_sentences":["In season one , Joey is the `` girl next door . ''","One day she is convinced to compete in the beauty pageant , which she does so that she can win the cash prize .","But instead of winning the contest , she wins Dawson 's heart , as he finally sees past his best friend image , and realizes that he has strong romantic feelings towards her .","At the end of the season , she finds herself with the opportunity of going to Paris for a year , but rejects it in favor of staying in Capeside with Dawson after she and Dawson kiss ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"1842615902339594582","input":"what is the average income in the u.s","passages":[{"title":"Household income in the United States","text":"Another common measurement of personal income is the mean household income . Unlike the median household income , which divides all households in two halves , the mean income is the average income earned by American households . In the case of mean income , the income of all households is divided by the number of all households . The mean income is usually more affected by the relatively unequal distribution of income which tilts towards the top . As a result , the mean tends to be higher than the median income , with the top earning households boosting it . Overall , the mean household income in the United States , according to the US Census Bureau 2014 Annual Social and Economic Supplement , was $72,641 . ","sentences":["Another common measurement of personal income is the mean household income .","Unlike the median household income , which divides all households in two halves , the mean income is the average income earned by American households .","In the case of mean income , the income of all households is divided by the number of all households .","The mean income is usually more affected by the relatively unequal distribution of income which tilts towards the top .","As a result , the mean tends to be higher than the median income , with the top earning households boosting it .","Overall , the mean household income in the United States , according to the US Census Bureau 2014 Annual Social and Economic Supplement , was $72,641 ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The mean income is the average income earned by American households, and the mean household income in the United States , according to the US Census Bureau 2014 Annual Social and Economic Supplement , was $72,641 .","selected_sentences":["Unlike the median household income , which divides all households in two halves , the mean income is the average income earned by American households .","Overall , the mean household income in the United States , according to the US Census Bureau 2014 Annual Social and Economic Supplement , was $72,641 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The mean household income in the United States , according to the US Census Bureau 2014 Annual Social and Economic Supplement, was $72,641 .","selected_sentences":["Unlike the median household income , which divides all households in two halves , the mean income is the average income earned by American households .","Overall , the mean household income in the United States , according to the US Census Bureau 2014 Annual Social and Economic Supplement , was $72,641 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-9013924898511832559","input":"what episode did jimmy get shot in degrassi","passages":[{"title":"Time Stands Still (Degrassi: The Next Generation)","text":"Part two picks up where it left off in part one where Rick opens the box and finds his father 's gun , takes off his glasses , shakes , and intently stares at it . Rick comes back to school , still coated in the feathers and paint , after being humiliated during the `` Whack Your Brain '' contest . He has become the laughing stock of many people in the school , including JT and Danny . Toby Isaacs and Mr. Raditch tell him to take the afternoon off , but Rick chooses to stay . Having plans to get revenge on his bullies , he goes after Paige first . However , Paige encounters him , and right when Rick was about to pull the gun out to shoot her , she tells him that she thought the prank was sickening and that she was sorry . Because of this , Rick does not take out the gun to shoot her , he apologizes for hurting Terri and leaves . This , supposedly , was to end his rage , and he was not going to shoot anyone . However , while trying to clean himself up in the bathroom , Spinner and Jay trick Rick into thinking the prank was Jimmy 's idea , and he recommits to revenge . He sees Jimmy in a now empty hallway afterwards and shoots him in the back , though Jimmy was unaware that Rick thought he set up the prank . The bullet in Jimmy 's back severed his spine which paralyzes him . ","sentences":["Part two picks up where it left off in part one where Rick opens the box and finds his father 's gun , takes off his glasses , shakes , and intently stares at it .","Rick comes back to school , still coated in the feathers and paint , after being humiliated during the `` Whack Your Brain '' contest .","He has become the laughing stock of many people in the school , including JT and Danny .","Toby Isaacs and Mr. Raditch tell him to take the afternoon off , but Rick chooses to stay .","Having plans to get revenge on his bullies , he goes after Paige first .","However , Paige encounters him , and right when Rick was about to pull the gun out to shoot her , she tells him that she thought the prank was sickening and that she was sorry .","Because of this , Rick does not take out the gun to shoot her , he apologizes for hurting Terri and leaves .","This , supposedly , was to end his rage , and he was not going to shoot anyone .","However , while trying to clean himself up in the bathroom , Spinner and Jay trick Rick into thinking the prank was Jimmy 's idea , and he recommits to revenge .","He sees Jimmy in a now empty hallway afterwards and shoots him in the back , though Jimmy was unaware that Rick thought he set up the prank .","The bullet in Jimmy 's back severed his spine which paralyzes him ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"In Time Stands Still (Degrassi: The Next Generation), after being humiliated during the ``Whack Your Brain'' contest and being coated in feathers and paint, Rick comes back to school. Rick is tricked into thinking the prank was Jimmy's idea, and he recommits to revenge. He sees Jimmy in a now empty hallway and shoots him in the back.","selected_sentences":["Rick comes back to school , still coated in the feathers and paint , after being humiliated during the `` Whack Your Brain '' contest .","However , while trying to clean himself up in the bathroom , Spinner and Jay trick Rick into thinking the prank was Jimmy 's idea , and he recommits to revenge .","He sees Jimmy in a now empty hallway afterwards and shoots him in the back , though Jimmy was unaware that Rick thought he set up the prank ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"In  part two of Time Stands Still, Rick is tricked into thinking the prank was Jimmy's idea, and he recommits to revenge. He sees Jimmy in a now empty hallway and shoots him in the back.","selected_sentences":["Rick comes back to school , still coated in the feathers and paint , after being humiliated during the `` Whack Your Brain '' contest .","However , while trying to clean himself up in the bathroom , Spinner and Jay trick Rick into thinking the prank was Jimmy 's idea , and he recommits to revenge .","He sees Jimmy in a now empty hallway afterwards and shoots him in the back , though Jimmy was unaware that Rick thought he set up the prank ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-3902030572620006499","input":"why does context influence the way we understand text","passages":[{"title":"Context effect","text":"Context effects can have a wide range of impacts in daily life . In reading difficult handwriting context effects are used to determine what letters make up a word . This helps us analyze potentially ambiguous messages and decipher them correctly . It can also affect our perception of unknown sounds based on the noise in the environment . For example , we may fill in a word we can not make out in a sentence based on the other words we could understand . Context can prime our attitudes and beliefs about certain topics based on current environmental factors and our previous experiences with them . ","sentences":["Context effects can have a wide range of impacts in daily life .","In reading difficult handwriting context effects are used to determine what letters make up a word .","This helps us analyze potentially ambiguous messages and decipher them correctly .","It can also affect our perception of unknown sounds based on the noise in the environment .","For example , we may fill in a word we can not make out in a sentence based on the other words we could understand .","Context can prime our attitudes and beliefs about certain topics based on current environmental factors and our previous experiences with them ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"In reading difficult handwriting context effects are used to determine what letters make up a word . This helps us analyze potentially ambiguous messages and decipher them correctly, and it can also affect our perception of unknown sounds based on the noise in the environment . Context can prime our attitudes and beliefs about certain topics based on current environmental factors and our previous experiences with them .","selected_sentences":["In reading difficult handwriting context effects are used to determine what letters make up a word .","This helps us analyze potentially ambiguous messages and decipher them correctly .","It can also affect our perception of unknown sounds based on the noise in the environment .","Context can prime our attitudes and beliefs about certain topics based on current environmental factors and our previous experiences with them ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"4243557355858281972","input":"what determines the distancea beam bridge can span","passages":[{"title":"Beam bridge","text":"Beam bridges are often only used for relatively short distances because , unlike truss bridges , they have no built in supports . The only supports are provided by piers . The farther apart its supports , the weaker a beam bridge gets . As a result , beam bridges rarely span more than 250 feet ( 80 m ) . This does n't mean beam bridges are n't used to cross great distances , it only means that a series of beam bridges must be joined together , creating what 's known as a continuous span . ","sentences":["Beam bridges are often only used for relatively short distances because , unlike truss bridges , they have no built in supports .","The only supports are provided by piers .","The farther apart its supports , the weaker a beam bridge gets .","As a result , beam bridges rarely span more than 250 feet ( 80 m ) .","This does n't mean beam bridges are n't used to cross great distances , it only means that a series of beam bridges must be joined together , creating what 's known as a continuous span ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Beam bridges are often only used for relatively short distances because , unlike truss bridges , they have no built in supports. Beam bridges rarely span more than 250 feet. This does not mean beam bridges are not used to cross great distances, it only means that a series of beam bridges must be joined together, creating what 's known as a continuous span .","selected_sentences":["Beam bridges are often only used for relatively short distances because , unlike truss bridges , they have no built in supports .","As a result , beam bridges rarely span more than 250 feet ( 80 m ) .","This does n't mean beam bridges are n't used to cross great distances , it only means that a series of beam bridges must be joined together , creating what 's known as a continuous span ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Beam bridges are supported by piers. The farther apart those piers are, the weaker the bride gets. As a result , beam bridges rarely span more than 250 feet. For a beam bridge to cover a great distance, a series of beam bridges will need to be joined together, creating a continuous span.","selected_sentences":["The only supports are provided by piers .","The farther apart its supports , the weaker a beam bridge gets .","As a result , beam bridges rarely span more than 250 feet ( 80 m ) .","This does n't mean beam bridges are n't used to cross great distances , it only means that a series of beam bridges must be joined together , creating what 's known as a continuous span ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"6429502499101907735","input":"how did the venus flytrap get its name","passages":[{"title":"Venus flytrap","text":"`` The great wonder of the vegetable kingdom is a very curious unknown species of Sensitive . It is a dwarf plant . The leaves are like a narrow segment of a sphere , consisting of two parts , like the cap of a spring purse , the concave part outwards , each of which falls back with indented edges ( like an iron spring fox - trap ) ; upon anything touching the leaves , or falling between them , they instantly close like a spring trap , and confine any insect or anything that falls between them . It bears a white flower . To this surprising plant I have given the name of Fly trap Sensitive . '' -- ","sentences":["`` The great wonder of the vegetable kingdom is a very curious unknown species of Sensitive .","It is a dwarf plant .","The leaves are like a narrow segment of a sphere , consisting of two parts , like the cap of a spring purse , the concave part outwards , each of which falls back with indented edges ( like an iron spring fox - trap ) ; upon anything touching the leaves , or falling between them , they instantly close like a spring trap , and confine any insect or anything that falls between them .","It bears a white flower .","To this surprising plant I have given the name of Fly trap Sensitive . ''","--"]}],"output":[{"answer":"Upon anything touching the leaves, or falling between them, the plant instantly close like a spring trap, and confine any insect or anything that falls between them.  To this surprising plant I have given the name of Fly trap Sensitive.","selected_sentences":["The leaves are like a narrow segment of a sphere , consisting of two parts , like the cap of a spring purse , the concave part outwards , each of which falls back with indented edges ( like an iron spring fox - trap ) ; upon anything touching the leaves , or falling between them , they instantly close like a spring trap , and confine any insect or anything that falls between them .","To this surprising plant I have given the name of Fly trap Sensitive . ''"],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-3360234058204091523","input":"where is cancer constellation located in the sky","passages":[{"title":"Cancer (constellation)","text":"Cancer is one of the twelve constellations of the zodiac . Its name is Latin for crab and it is commonly represented as one . Its astrological symbol is ( Unicode \u264b ) . Cancer is a medium - size constellation with an area of 506 square degrees and its stars are rather faint , its brightest star Beta Cancri having an apparent magnitude of 3.5 . It contains two stars with known planets , including 55 Cancri , which has five : one super-earth and four gas giants , one of which is in the habitable zone and as such has expected temperatures similar to Earth . Located at the center of the constellation is Praesepe ( Messier 44 ) , one of the closest open clusters to Earth and a popular target for amateur astronomers . ","sentences":["Cancer is one of the twelve constellations of the zodiac .","Its name is Latin for crab and it is commonly represented as one .","Its astrological symbol is ( Unicode \u264b ) .","Cancer is a medium - size constellation with an area of 506 square degrees and its stars are rather faint , its brightest star Beta Cancri having an apparent magnitude of 3.5 .","It contains two stars with known planets , including 55 Cancri , which has five : one super-earth and four gas giants , one of which is in the habitable zone and as such has expected temperatures similar to Earth .","Located at the center of the constellation is Praesepe ( Messier 44 ) , one of the closest open clusters to Earth and a popular target for amateur astronomers ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Cancer is a medium - size constellation, it's brightest star is Beta Cancri. Located at the center of the constellation is Praesepe ( Messier 44 ) , one of the closest open clusters to Earth and a popular target for amateur astronomers .","selected_sentences":["Cancer is a medium - size constellation with an area of 506 square degrees and its stars are rather faint , its brightest star Beta Cancri having an apparent magnitude of 3.5 .","Located at the center of the constellation is Praesepe ( Messier 44 ) , one of the closest open clusters to Earth and a popular target for amateur astronomers ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Cancer (constellation) is located at the center of the constellation is Praesepe ( Messier 44 ) , one of the closest open clusters to Earth and a popular target for amateur astronomers .","selected_sentences":["Located at the center of the constellation is Praesepe ( Messier 44 ) , one of the closest open clusters to Earth and a popular target for amateur astronomers ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"2859143131160429137","input":"where did australian troops go and fight after gallipoli","passages":[{"title":"Military history of Australia during World War I","text":"After the Gallipoli Campaign , Australian troops returned to Egypt and the AIF underwent a major expansion , which involved the raising of another three infantry divisions -- the 3rd , 4th and 5th -- and the establishment of the Anzac Mounted Division . In March 1916 , the infantry began to move to France while the cavalry units stayed in the area and fought Turkish troops and the Senussi Arab tribes that were threatening British control of Egypt . Mounted troops were particularly important in the defence of Egypt and Australian troops of the Anzac Mounted Division saw action in all the major battles of the campaign , first seeing combat in the Battle of Romani . Apart from the horsemen , the mounted troops included the 1st Imperial Camel Corps Brigade . This was organised as a mounted infantry brigade . Of its four battalions , the 1st and 3rd were composed of Australians , the 2nd was British , and the 4th was half Australian and half New Zealand . The cameliers participated in most of the fighting in Egypt and Palestine until the brigade was disbanded in July 1918 . The Australian and New Zealand components then traded their camels for horses and became the 5th Light Horse Brigade . ","sentences":["After the Gallipoli Campaign , Australian troops returned to Egypt and the AIF underwent a major expansion , which involved the raising of another three infantry divisions -- the 3rd , 4th and 5th -- and the establishment of the Anzac Mounted Division .","In March 1916 , the infantry began to move to France while the cavalry units stayed in the area and fought Turkish troops and the Senussi Arab tribes that were threatening British control of Egypt .","Mounted troops were particularly important in the defence of Egypt and Australian troops of the Anzac Mounted Division saw action in all the major battles of the campaign , first seeing combat in the Battle of Romani .","Apart from the horsemen , the mounted troops included the 1st Imperial Camel Corps Brigade .","This was organised as a mounted infantry brigade .","Of its four battalions , the 1st and 3rd were composed of Australians , the 2nd was British , and the 4th was half Australian and half New Zealand .","The cameliers participated in most of the fighting in Egypt and Palestine until the brigade was disbanded in July 1918 .","The Australian and New Zealand components then traded their camels for horses and became the 5th Light Horse Brigade ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"After the Gallipoli Campaign, Australian troops returned to Egypt.  In March 1916, the infantry began to move to France while the cavalry units stayed in the area and fought Turkish troops and the Senussi Arab tribes that were threatening British control of Egypt.  Australian troops of the Anzac Mounted Division saw action in all the major battles of the campaign, first seeing combat in the Battle of Romani.  The cameliers participated in most of the fighting in Egypt and Palestine until the brigade was disbanded in July 1918.","selected_sentences":["After the Gallipoli Campaign , Australian troops returned to Egypt and the AIF underwent a major expansion , which involved the raising of another three infantry divisions -- the 3rd , 4th and 5th -- and the establishment of the Anzac Mounted Division .","In March 1916 , the infantry began to move to France while the cavalry units stayed in the area and fought Turkish troops and the Senussi Arab tribes that were threatening British control of Egypt .","Mounted troops were particularly important in the defence of Egypt and Australian troops of the Anzac Mounted Division saw action in all the major battles of the campaign , first seeing combat in the Battle of Romani .","The cameliers participated in most of the fighting in Egypt and Palestine until the brigade was disbanded in July 1918 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"After the Gallipoli Campaign, Australian troops returned to Egypt. In March 1916, the infantry began to move to France while the cavalry units stayed in the area and fought Turkish troops and the Senussi Arab tribes that were threatening British control of Egypt. Australian troops of the Anzac Mounted Division saw action in all the major battles of the campaign, first seeing combat in the Battle of Romani. Apart from the horsemen, the mounted troops included the 1st Imperial Camel Corps Brigade. The cameliers participated in most of the fighting in Egypt and Palestine until the brigade was disbanded in July 1918.","selected_sentences":["After the Gallipoli Campaign , Australian troops returned to Egypt and the AIF underwent a major expansion , which involved the raising of another three infantry divisions -- the 3rd , 4th and 5th -- and the establishment of the Anzac Mounted Division .","In March 1916 , the infantry began to move to France while the cavalry units stayed in the area and fought Turkish troops and the Senussi Arab tribes that were threatening British control of Egypt .","Mounted troops were particularly important in the defence of Egypt and Australian troops of the Anzac Mounted Division saw action in all the major battles of the campaign , first seeing combat in the Battle of Romani .","Apart from the horsemen , the mounted troops included the 1st Imperial Camel Corps Brigade .","The cameliers participated in most of the fighting in Egypt and Palestine until the brigade was disbanded in July 1918 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-7460132328666082401","input":"who is the author of the analects of confucius","passages":[{"title":"Analects","text":"According to Ban Gu , writing in the Book of Han , the Analects originated as individual records kept by Confucius 's disciples of conversations between the Master and them , which were then collected and jointly edited by the disciples after Confucius 's death in 479 BC . The work is therefore titled Lunyu meaning `` edited conversations '' or `` selected speeches '' ( i.e. analects ) . This broadly forms the traditional account of the genesis of the work accepted by later generations of scholars , for example the Song dynasty neo-Confucian scholar Zhu Xi stated that Analects is the records of Confucius 's first - and second - generation pupils . The view however was challenged by Qing dynasty philologist Cui Shu ( \u5d14 \u8ff0 , 1740 -- 1816 ) who argued on linguistic ground that the last five books are much later than the rest of the work . Many modern scholars now believe that the work was compiled over a period of around two hundred years , with some questioning the authenticity of some of the sayings . Because no texts of the Analects have been discovered earlier , and because the Analects was not referred to by name in any existing source before the early Han dynasty , some scholars have proposed dates as late as 140 BC for the text 's compilation . ","sentences":["According to Ban Gu , writing in the Book of Han , the Analects originated as individual records kept by Confucius 's disciples of conversations between the Master and them , which were then collected and jointly edited by the disciples after Confucius 's death in 479 BC .","The work is therefore titled Lunyu meaning `` edited conversations '' or `` selected speeches '' ( i.e. analects ) .","This broadly forms the traditional account of the genesis of the work accepted by later generations of scholars , for example the Song dynasty neo-Confucian scholar Zhu Xi stated that Analects is the records of Confucius 's first - and second - generation pupils .","The view however was challenged by Qing dynasty philologist Cui Shu ( \u5d14 \u8ff0 , 1740 -- 1816 ) who argued on linguistic ground that the last five books are much later than the rest of the work .","Many modern scholars now believe that the work was compiled over a period of around two hundred years , with some questioning the authenticity of some of the sayings .","Because no texts of the Analects have been discovered earlier , and because the Analects was not referred to by name in any existing source before the early Han dynasty , some scholars have proposed dates as late as 140 BC for the text 's compilation ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"According to Ban Gu, writing in the Book of Han, the Analects originated as individual records kept by Confucius's disciples of conversations between the Master and them, which were then collected and jointly edited by the disciples after Confucius's death in 479 BC. This broadly forms the traditional account of the genesis of the work accepted by later generations of scholars, for example the Song dynasty neo-Confucian scholar Zhu Xi stated that Analects is the records of Confucius's first - and second - generation pupils. The view however was challenged by Qing dynasty philologist Cui Shu who argued on linguistic ground that the last five books are much later than the rest of the work. Because no texts of the Analects have been discovered earlier, and because the Analects was not referred to by name in any existing source before the early Han dynasty, some scholars have proposed dates as late as 140 BC for the text's compilation.","selected_sentences":["According to Ban Gu , writing in the Book of Han , the Analects originated as individual records kept by Confucius 's disciples of conversations between the Master and them , which were then collected and jointly edited by the disciples after Confucius 's death in 479 BC .","This broadly forms the traditional account of the genesis of the work accepted by later generations of scholars , for example the Song dynasty neo-Confucian scholar Zhu Xi stated that Analects is the records of Confucius 's first - and second - generation pupils .","The view however was challenged by Qing dynasty philologist Cui Shu ( \u5d14 \u8ff0 , 1740 -- 1816 ) who argued on linguistic ground that the last five books are much later than the rest of the work .","Because no texts of the Analects have been discovered earlier , and because the Analects was not referred to by name in any existing source before the early Han dynasty , some scholars have proposed dates as late as 140 BC for the text 's compilation ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-1446086815859496396","input":"where does doctor strange get his powers from","passages":[{"title":"Doctor Strange","text":"The character 's origin story relates that he was once a brilliant but egotistical surgeon . After a car accident severely damages his hands and hinders his ability to perform surgery , he searches the globe for a way to repair them and encounters the Ancient One . After becoming one of the old Sorcerer Supreme 's students , he becomes a practitioner of both the mystical arts as well as martial arts . Along with studying many powerful spells . He has a suit consisting of two main relics . One being the Cloak of Levitation and the Eye of Agamotto -- which give him added powers . Strange is aided along the way by his friend and valet , Wong , and a large assortment of mystical objects . He takes up residence in a mansion called the Sanctum Sanctorum , located in New York City . Later , Strange takes the title of Sorcerer Supreme to help to defend the world against future threats . ","sentences":["The character 's origin story relates that he was once a brilliant but egotistical surgeon .","After a car accident severely damages his hands and hinders his ability to perform surgery , he searches the globe for a way to repair them and encounters the Ancient One .","After becoming one of the old Sorcerer Supreme 's students , he becomes a practitioner of both the mystical arts as well as martial arts .","Along with studying many powerful spells .","He has a suit consisting of two main relics .","One being the Cloak of Levitation and the Eye of Agamotto -- which give him added powers .","Strange is aided along the way by his friend and valet , Wong , and a large assortment of mystical objects .","He takes up residence in a mansion called the Sanctum Sanctorum , located in New York City .","Later , Strange takes the title of Sorcerer Supreme to help to defend the world against future threats ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Doctor Strange becomes a practitioner of both the mystical arts as well as martial arts. He has a suit consisting of two main relics - one being the Cloak of Levitation and the Eye of Agamotto -- which give him added powers .","selected_sentences":["After becoming one of the old Sorcerer Supreme 's students , he becomes a practitioner of both the mystical arts as well as martial arts .","He has a suit consisting of two main relics .","One being the Cloak of Levitation and the Eye of Agamotto -- which give him added powers ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"3314412235054309162","input":"where would a commercial quantity of cobalt-60 be produced","passages":[{"title":"Cobalt-60","text":"Cobalt - 60 , Co , is a synthetic radioactive isotope of cobalt with a half - life of 5.2714 years . It is produced artificially in nuclear reactors . Deliberate industrial production depends on neutron activation of bulk samples of the monoisotopic and mononuclidic cobalt isotope Co . Measurable quantities are also produced as a by - product of typical nuclear power plant operation and may be detected externally when leaks occur . In the latter case ( in the absence of added cobalt ) the incidentally produced Co is largely the result of multiple stages of neutron activation of iron isotopes in the reactor 's steel structures via the creation of Co precursor . The simplest case of the latter would result from the activation of Fe . Co decays by beta decay to the stable isotope nickel - 60 ( Ni ) . The activated nickel nucleus emits two gamma rays with energies of 1.17 and 1.33 MeV , hence the overall nuclear equation of the reaction is Co + n \u2192 Co \u2192 Ni + e + \u03bd + gamma rays . ","sentences":["Cobalt - 60 , Co , is a synthetic radioactive isotope of cobalt with a half - life of 5.2714 years .","It is produced artificially in nuclear reactors .","Deliberate industrial production depends on neutron activation of bulk samples of the monoisotopic and mononuclidic cobalt isotope Co .","Measurable quantities are also produced as a by - product of typical nuclear power plant operation and may be detected externally when leaks occur .","In the latter case ( in the absence of added cobalt ) the incidentally produced Co is largely the result of multiple stages of neutron activation of iron isotopes in the reactor 's steel structures via the creation of Co precursor .","The simplest case of the latter would result from the activation of Fe .","Co decays by beta decay to the stable isotope nickel - 60 ( Ni ) .","The activated nickel nucleus emits two gamma rays with energies of 1.17 and 1.33 MeV , hence the overall nuclear equation of the reaction is Co + n \u2192 Co \u2192 Ni + e + \u03bd + gamma rays ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"It is produced artificially in nuclear reactors.  Measurable quantities are also produced as a by - product of typical nuclear power plant operation.","selected_sentences":["It is produced artificially in nuclear reactors .","Measurable quantities are also produced as a by - product of typical nuclear power plant operation and may be detected externally when leaks occur ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"3981686652335798180","input":"where do guinea pigs sleep in the wild","passages":[{"title":"Guinea pig","text":"C. porcellus is not found naturally in the wild ; it is likely descended from closely related species of cavies , such as C. aperea , C. fulgida , and C. tschudii , which are still commonly found in various regions of South America . Studies from 2007 -- 2010 applied molecular markers and studied the skull and skeletal morphology of current and mummified animals , thereby revealing the ancestor to most likely be Cavia tschudii . Some species of cavy identified in the 20th century , such as C. anolaimae and C. guianae , may be domestic guinea pigs that have become feral by reintroduction into the wild . Wild cavies are found on grassy plains and occupy an ecological niche similar to that of cattle . They are social , living in the wild in small groups that consist of several females ( sows ) , a male ( boar ) , and the young ( which , in a break with the preceding porcine nomenclature , are called `` pups '' not `` piglets '' ) . They move together in groups ( herds ) eating grass or other vegetation , and do not store food . While they do not burrow themselves or build nests , they frequently seek shelter in the burrows of other animals , as well as in crevices and tunnels formed by vegetation . They tend to be most active during dawn and dusk ( crepuscular ) , when it is harder for predators to spot them . ","sentences":["C. porcellus is not found naturally in the wild ; it is likely descended from closely related species of cavies , such as C. aperea , C. fulgida , and C. tschudii , which are still commonly found in various regions of South America .","Studies from 2007 -- 2010 applied molecular markers and studied the skull and skeletal morphology of current and mummified animals , thereby revealing the ancestor to most likely be Cavia tschudii .","Some species of cavy identified in the 20th century , such as C. anolaimae and C. guianae , may be domestic guinea pigs that have become feral by reintroduction into the wild .","Wild cavies are found on grassy plains and occupy an ecological niche similar to that of cattle .","They are social , living in the wild in small groups that consist of several females ( sows ) , a male ( boar ) , and the young ( which , in a break with the preceding porcine nomenclature , are called `` pups '' not `` piglets '' ) .","They move together in groups ( herds ) eating grass or other vegetation , and do not store food .","While they do not burrow themselves or build nests , they frequently seek shelter in the burrows of other animals , as well as in crevices and tunnels formed by vegetation .","They tend to be most active during dawn and dusk ( crepuscular ) , when it is harder for predators to spot them ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Some domestic guinea pigs that have become feral by reintroduction into the wild frequently seek shelter in the burrows of other animals, as well as in crevices and tunnels formed by vegetation.","selected_sentences":["Some species of cavy identified in the 20th century , such as C. anolaimae and C. guianae , may be domestic guinea pigs that have become feral by reintroduction into the wild .","While they do not burrow themselves or build nests , they frequently seek shelter in the burrows of other animals , as well as in crevices and tunnels formed by vegetation ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Wild cavies are found on grassy plains.  While they do not burrow themselves or build nests, they frequently seek shelter in the burrows of other animals, as well as in crevices and tunnels formed by vegetation.","selected_sentences":["Wild cavies are found on grassy plains and occupy an ecological niche similar to that of cattle .","While they do not burrow themselves or build nests , they frequently seek shelter in the burrows of other animals , as well as in crevices and tunnels formed by vegetation ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"4745157990769416655","input":"where does the phrase getting cold feet come from","passages":[{"title":"Cold feet","text":"The origin of the term itself has been largely attributed to American author Stephen Crane , who added the phrase , in 1896 , to the second edition of his short novel , Maggie : A Girl of the Streets . Crane writes , `` I knew this was the way it would be . They got cold feet . '' The term is present in `` Seed Time and Harvest '' by Fritz Reuter published in 1862 . Kenneth McKenzie , a former professor of Italian at Princeton University attributed the first use of the phrase to the play Volpone produced by Ben Jonson in 1605 . The true origin and first usage of the phrase remains debated and unconfirmed as exemplified above . ","sentences":["The origin of the term itself has been largely attributed to American author Stephen Crane , who added the phrase , in 1896 , to the second edition of his short novel , Maggie : A Girl of the Streets .","Crane writes , `` I knew this was the way it would be .","They got cold feet . ''","The term is present in `` Seed Time and Harvest '' by Fritz Reuter published in 1862 .","Kenneth McKenzie , a former professor of Italian at Princeton University attributed the first use of the phrase to the play Volpone produced by Ben Jonson in 1605 .","The true origin and first usage of the phrase remains debated and unconfirmed as exemplified above ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The true origin and first usage of the phrase remains debated and unconfirmed. Kenneth McKenzie, a former professor of Italian at Princeton University attributed the first use of the phrase to the play Volpone produced by Ben Jonson in 1605. The origin of the term itself has been largely attributed to American author Stephen Crane, who added the phrase, in 1896, to the second edition of his short novel, Maggie: A Girl of the Streets.","selected_sentences":["The origin of the term itself has been largely attributed to American author Stephen Crane , who added the phrase , in 1896 , to the second edition of his short novel , Maggie : A Girl of the Streets .","Kenneth McKenzie , a former professor of Italian at Princeton University attributed the first use of the phrase to the play Volpone produced by Ben Jonson in 1605 .","The true origin and first usage of the phrase remains debated and unconfirmed as exemplified above ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The true origin and first usage of the phrase remains debated and unconfirmed. The origin of the term itself has been largely attributed to American author Stephen Crane, who added the phrase, in 1896, to the second edition of his short novel, Maggie: A Girl of the Streets.","selected_sentences":["The origin of the term itself has been largely attributed to American author Stephen Crane , who added the phrase , in 1896 , to the second edition of his short novel , Maggie : A Girl of the Streets .","Kenneth McKenzie , a former professor of Italian at Princeton University attributed the first use of the phrase to the play Volpone produced by Ben Jonson in 1605 .","The true origin and first usage of the phrase remains debated and unconfirmed as exemplified above ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"5307681062679098187","input":"what does the prime minister of france do","passages":[{"title":"Prime Minister of France","text":"The Prime Minister proposes a list of ministers to the President of the Republic . Decrees and decisions of the Prime Minister , like almost all executive decisions , are subject to the oversight of the administrative court system . Few decrees are taken after advice from the Council of State ( French : Conseil d'\u00c9tat ) . All prime ministers defend the programs of their ministry , and make budgetary choices . The extent to which those decisions lie with the Prime Minister or President depends upon whether they are of the same party . ","sentences":["The Prime Minister proposes a list of ministers to the President of the Republic .","Decrees and decisions of the Prime Minister , like almost all executive decisions , are subject to the oversight of the administrative court system .","Few decrees are taken after advice from the Council of State ( French : Conseil d'\u00c9tat ) .","All prime ministers defend the programs of their ministry , and make budgetary choices .","The extent to which those decisions lie with the Prime Minister or President depends upon whether they are of the same party ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The Prime Minister proposes a list of ministers to the President of the Republic.  All prime ministers defend the programs of their ministry and make budgetary choices.","selected_sentences":["The Prime Minister proposes a list of ministers to the President of the Republic .","All prime ministers defend the programs of their ministry , and make budgetary choices ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"4934935867385951010","input":"which industry provides the largest employment in india","passages":[{"title":"Economy of India","text":"India has one of the fastest growing service sectors in the world with an annual growth rate above 9 % since 2001 , which contributed to 57 % of GDP in 2012 -- 13 . India has become a major exporter of IT services , Business Process Outsourcing ( BPO ) services , and software services with $154 billion revenue in FY 2017 . This is the fastest - growing part of the economy . The IT industry continues to be the largest private - sector employer in India . India is the third - largest start - up hub in the world with over 3,100 technology start - ups in 2014 -- 15 The agricultural sector is the largest employer in India 's economy but contributes to a declining share of its GDP ( 17 % in 2013 -- 14 ) . India ranks second worldwide in farm output . The industry ( manufacturing ) sector has held a steady share of its economic contribution ( 26 % of GDP in 2013 -- 14 ) . The Indian automobile industry is one of the largest in the world with an annual production of 21.48 million vehicles ( mostly two and three - wheelers ) in 2013 -- 14 . India had $600 billion worth of retail market in 2015 and one of world 's fastest growing e-commerce markets . ","sentences":["India has one of the fastest growing service sectors in the world with an annual growth rate above 9 % since 2001 , which contributed to 57 % of GDP in 2012 -- 13 .","India has become a major exporter of IT services , Business Process Outsourcing ( BPO ) services , and software services with $154 billion revenue in FY 2017 .","This is the fastest - growing part of the economy .","The IT industry continues to be the largest private - sector employer in India .","India is the third - largest start - up hub in the world with over 3,100 technology start - ups in 2014 -- 15","The agricultural sector is the largest employer in India 's economy but contributes to a declining share of its GDP ( 17 % in 2013 -- 14 ) .","India ranks second worldwide in farm output .","The industry ( manufacturing ) sector has held a steady share of its economic contribution ( 26 % of GDP in 2013 -- 14 ) .","The Indian automobile industry is one of the largest in the world with an annual production of 21.48 million vehicles ( mostly two and three - wheelers ) in 2013 -- 14 .","India had $600 billion worth of retail market in 2015 and one of world 's fastest growing e-commerce markets ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The IT industry continues to be the largest private - sector employer in India, and the agricultural sector is the largest employer in India 's economy.","selected_sentences":["The IT industry continues to be the largest private - sector employer in India .","The agricultural sector is the largest employer in India 's economy but contributes to a declining share of its GDP ( 17 % in 2013 -- 14 ) ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"2311199713168366745","input":"how many views does blood sweat and tears have","passages":[{"title":"Blood Sweat & Tears (song)","text":"The MV was directed by Choi Yongseok and Ko Yoojeong of Lumpens . Additional notable players of production include Nam Hyunwoo of GDW as director of photography , Kim Gyeungseok of Sunny as gaffer , Lee Moonyoung of Myllab as art director , and Shin Yunkyun of DnD line for special effects . Choreography was created by Keone Madrid & Quick Style Crew and supervised by Son Sungdeuk . Within 24 hours of the music video 's release , it reached 6.3 million views , setting a new record . Also on October 13 , it was reported that `` Blood , Sweat & Tears '' had become the fastest K - pop music video by a group to reach 10 million views . According to reports , this was achieved in less than 42 hours - almost half the amount of time taken for their previous record `` Fire '' , which took 72 hours . On February 20 , 2017 the music video became the third music video by BTS to pass the milestone of 100 million views on YouTube , at the time becoming the second fastest music video by a K - pop group , passing the milestone in less than 134 days after its release . The music video became the third BTS music video to pass 200 million views on October 29 , 2017 . ","sentences":["The MV was directed by Choi Yongseok and Ko Yoojeong of Lumpens .","Additional notable players of production include Nam Hyunwoo of GDW as director of photography , Kim Gyeungseok of Sunny as gaffer , Lee Moonyoung of Myllab as art director , and Shin Yunkyun of DnD line for special effects .","Choreography was created by Keone Madrid & Quick Style Crew and supervised by Son Sungdeuk .","Within 24 hours of the music video 's release , it reached 6.3 million views , setting a new record .","Also on October 13 , it was reported that `` Blood , Sweat & Tears '' had become the fastest K - pop music video by a group to reach 10 million views .","According to reports , this was achieved in less than 42 hours - almost half the amount of time taken for their previous record `` Fire '' , which took 72 hours .","On February 20 , 2017 the music video became the third music video by BTS to pass the milestone of 100 million views on YouTube , at the time becoming the second fastest music video by a K - pop group , passing the milestone in less than 134 days after its release .","The music video became the third BTS music video to pass 200 million views on October 29 , 2017 ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Within 24 hours of the release of the music video of Blood Sweat & Tears, it reached 6.3 million views, setting a new record. The music video became the third BTS music video to pass 200 million views on October 29, 2017.","selected_sentences":["Within 24 hours of the music video 's release , it reached 6.3 million views , setting a new record .","The music video became the third BTS music video to pass 200 million views on October 29 , 2017 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"5536148021381977498","input":"why did carter boycott the 1980 olympics in moscow","passages":[{"title":"1980 Summer Olympics boycott","text":"Western governments first considered the idea of boycotting the Moscow Olympics in response to the situation in Afghanistan at the 20 December 1979 meeting of NATO representatives , a fortnight after the invasion of Afghanistan . The idea was not completely new : since 1975 \/ 1976 proposals for an Olympic boycott circulated widely among human rights activists and groups as a sanction for Soviet violations of human rights . At that moment , not many of the member governments were interested in the proposal . The idea began to gain popularity in early January 1980 when Russian dissident Andrei Sakharov called for a boycott . On 14 January 1980 , the Carter Administration joined Sakharov 's appeal and set a deadline by which the Soviet Union must pull out of Afghanistan or face the consequences , including an international boycott of the games . On 26 January 1980 , Canadian Prime Minister Joe Clark announced that Canada , like the US , would boycott the Olympic Games if Soviet forces did not leave Afghanistan by 20 February 1980 . ","sentences":["Western governments first considered the idea of boycotting the Moscow Olympics in response to the situation in Afghanistan at the 20 December 1979 meeting of NATO representatives , a fortnight after the invasion of Afghanistan .","The idea was not completely new : since 1975 \/ 1976 proposals for an Olympic boycott circulated widely among human rights activists and groups as a sanction for Soviet violations of human rights .","At that moment , not many of the member governments were interested in the proposal .","The idea began to gain popularity in early January 1980 when Russian dissident Andrei Sakharov called for a boycott .","On 14 January 1980 , the Carter Administration joined Sakharov 's appeal and set a deadline by which the Soviet Union must pull out of Afghanistan or face the consequences , including an international boycott of the games .","On 26 January 1980 , Canadian Prime Minister Joe Clark announced that Canada , like the US , would boycott the Olympic Games if Soviet forces did not leave Afghanistan by 20 February 1980 ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Western governments first considered the idea of boycotting the Moscow Olympics after the invasion of Afghanistan. On 14 January 1980, the Carter Administration set a deadline by which the Soviet Union must pull out of Afghanistan or face the consequences, including an international boycott of the games.","selected_sentences":["Western governments first considered the idea of boycotting the Moscow Olympics in response to the situation in Afghanistan at the 20 December 1979 meeting of NATO representatives , a fortnight after the invasion of Afghanistan .","On 14 January 1980 , the Carter Administration joined Sakharov 's appeal and set a deadline by which the Soviet Union must pull out of Afghanistan or face the consequences , including an international boycott of the games ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-6211811958483871748","input":"where is wernickes area located in the brain","passages":[{"title":"Wernicke's area","text":"Wernicke 's area ( \/ \u02c8v\u025b\u0259rn\u026ak\u0259 \/ or \/ \u02c8v\u025b\u0259rn\u026aki \/ ; German : ( \u02c8v\u025b\u0281n\u026ak\u0259 ) ) , also called Wernicke 's speech area , is one of the two parts of the cerebral cortex that are linked to speech ( the other is Broca 's area ) . It is involved in the comprehension or understanding of written and spoken language ( in contrast to Broca 's area that is involved in the production of language ) . It is traditionally thought to be in Brodmann area 22 , which is located in the superior temporal lobe in the dominant cerebral hemisphere ( which is the left hemisphere in about 95 % of right handed individuals and 60 % of left handed individuals ) . Damage caused to Wernicke 's area results in receptive , fluent aphasia . This means that the person with aphasia will be able to fluently connect words , but the phrases will lack meaning . This is unlike non-fluent aphasia , in which the person will use meaningful words , but in a non-fluent , telegraphic manner . ","sentences":["Wernicke 's area ( \/ \u02c8v\u025b\u0259rn\u026ak\u0259 \/ or \/ \u02c8v\u025b\u0259rn\u026aki \/ ; German : ( \u02c8v\u025b\u0281n\u026ak\u0259 ) ) , also called Wernicke 's speech area , is one of the two parts of the cerebral cortex that are linked to speech ( the other is Broca 's area ) .","It is involved in the comprehension or understanding of written and spoken language ( in contrast to Broca 's area that is involved in the production of language ) .","It is traditionally thought to be in Brodmann area 22 , which is located in the superior temporal lobe in the dominant cerebral hemisphere ( which is the left hemisphere in about 95 % of right handed individuals and 60 % of left handed individuals ) .","Damage caused to Wernicke 's area results in receptive , fluent aphasia .","This means that the person with aphasia will be able to fluently connect words , but the phrases will lack meaning .","This is unlike non-fluent aphasia , in which the person will use meaningful words , but in a non-fluent , telegraphic manner ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Wernicke's area is traditionally thought to be in Brodmann area 22, which is located in the superior temporal lobe in the dominant cerebral hemisphere which is the left hemisphere in about 95 % of right handed individuals and 60 % of left handed individuals.","selected_sentences":["Wernicke 's area ( \/ \u02c8v\u025b\u0259rn\u026ak\u0259 \/ or \/ \u02c8v\u025b\u0259rn\u026aki \/ ; German : ( \u02c8v\u025b\u0281n\u026ak\u0259 ) ) , also called Wernicke 's speech area , is one of the two parts of the cerebral cortex that are linked to speech ( the other is Broca 's area ) .","It is traditionally thought to be in Brodmann area 22 , which is located in the superior temporal lobe in the dominant cerebral hemisphere ( which is the left hemisphere in about 95 % of right handed individuals and 60 % of left handed individuals ) ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"912938934087202146","input":"where does it snow the most in north carolina","passages":[{"title":"Climate of North Carolina","text":"Snow in North Carolina is seen on a regular basis in the mountains . North Carolina averages 5 inches ( 130 mm ) of snow a year . However , this also varies greatly across the state . Along the coast , most areas register less than 2 inches ( 51 mm ) per year while the state capital , Raleigh averages 7.5 inches ( 190 mm ) . Farther west in the Piedmont - Triad , the average grows to approximately 9 inches ( 230 mm ) . The Charlotte area averages approximately 6.5 inches ( 170 mm ) . The mountains in the west act as a barrier , preventing most snowstorms from entering the Piedmont . When snow does make it past the mountains , it is usually light and is seldom on the ground for more than two or three days . However , several storms have dropped 18 inches ( 460 mm ) or more of snow within normally warm areas . The 1993 Storm of the Century that lasted from March 11 to March 15 affected locales from Canada to Central America , and brought a significant amount of snow to North Carolina . Newfound Gap received more than 36 inches ( 0.91 m ) of snow with drifts more than 5 feet ( 1.5 m ) , while Mount Mitchell measured over 4 feet ( 1.2 m ) of snow with drifts to 14 feet ( 4.3 m ) . Most of the northwestern part of the state received somewhere between 2 feet ( 0.61 m ) an 3 feet ( 0.91 m ) of snow . ","sentences":["Snow in North Carolina is seen on a regular basis in the mountains .","North Carolina averages 5 inches ( 130 mm ) of snow a year .","However , this also varies greatly across the state .","Along the coast , most areas register less than 2 inches ( 51 mm ) per year while the state capital , Raleigh averages 7.5 inches ( 190 mm ) .","Farther west in the Piedmont - Triad , the average grows to approximately 9 inches ( 230 mm ) .","The Charlotte area averages approximately 6.5 inches ( 170 mm ) .","The mountains in the west act as a barrier , preventing most snowstorms from entering the Piedmont .","When snow does make it past the mountains , it is usually light and is seldom on the ground for more than two or three days .","However , several storms have dropped 18 inches ( 460 mm ) or more of snow within normally warm areas .","The 1993 Storm of the Century that lasted from March 11 to March 15 affected locales from Canada to Central America , and brought a significant amount of snow to North Carolina .","Newfound Gap received more than 36 inches ( 0.91 m ) of snow with drifts more than 5 feet ( 1.5 m ) , while Mount Mitchell measured over 4 feet ( 1.2 m ) of snow with drifts to 14 feet ( 4.3 m ) .","Most of the northwestern part of the state received somewhere between 2 feet ( 0.61 m ) an 3 feet ( 0.91 m ) of snow ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Snow in North Carolina is seen on a regular basis in the mountains.  Farther west in the Piedmont - Triad, the average grows to approximately 9 inches.  During the 1993 Storm of the Century, Newfound Gap received more than 36 inches of snow with drifts more than 5 feet, while Mount Mitchell measured over 4 feet of snow with drifts to 14 feet.","selected_sentences":["Snow in North Carolina is seen on a regular basis in the mountains .","Farther west in the Piedmont - Triad , the average grows to approximately 9 inches ( 230 mm ) .","The 1993 Storm of the Century that lasted from March 11 to March 15 affected locales from Canada to Central America , and brought a significant amount of snow to North Carolina .","Newfound Gap received more than 36 inches ( 0.91 m ) of snow with drifts more than 5 feet ( 1.5 m ) , while Mount Mitchell measured over 4 feet ( 1.2 m ) of snow with drifts to 14 feet ( 4.3 m ) ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Snow in North Carolina is seen on a regular basis in the mountains.","selected_sentences":["Snow in North Carolina is seen on a regular basis in the mountains ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"8900479189223971396","input":"highly suspect hello my name is human meaning","passages":[{"title":"My Name Is Human","text":"The song was released on September 7 , 2016 . Said Johnny Stevens of the song , `` A lot of people think the song is about being a human . I believe some of us are n't human at all . Or at least not completely , but that is still our name . At some point in the last couple hundred years something changed . The androids , the aliens ... They are n't coming . We are here . '' ","sentences":["The song was released on September 7 , 2016 .","Said Johnny Stevens of the song , `` A lot of people think the song is about being a human .","I believe some of us are n't human at all .","Or at least not completely , but that is still our name .","At some point in the last couple hundred years something changed .","The androids , the aliens ...","They are n't coming .","We are here . ''"]}],"output":[{"answer":"Some of us aren't human at all, or at least not completely, but that is still our name.  The androids, the aliens ...they aren't coming, we are here.","selected_sentences":["I believe some of us are n't human at all .","Or at least not completely , but that is still our name .","The androids , the aliens ...","They are n't coming .","We are here . ''"],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Johnny Stevens said of the song, ``A lot of people think the song is about being a human. I believe some of us aren't human at all, or at least not completely, but that is still our name. The androids, the aliens ...they aren't coming, we are here.","selected_sentences":["Said Johnny Stevens of the song , `` A lot of people think the song is about being a human .","I believe some of us are n't human at all .","Or at least not completely , but that is still our name .","The androids , the aliens ...","They are n't coming .","We are here . ''"],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-4962008027900930315","input":"what is the difference between states and phases of matter","passages":[{"title":"Phase (matter)","text":"The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter , but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter . Also , the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram . Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter , such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another , this latter usage is similar to the use of `` phase '' as a synonym for state of matter . However , the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used . A ","sentences":["The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter , but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter .","Also , the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram .","Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter , such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another , this latter usage is similar to the use of `` phase '' as a synonym for state of matter .","However , the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used .","A"]}],"output":[{"answer":"The state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used.   The term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram.","selected_sentences":["Also , the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram .","However , the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-4900135979828185332","input":"where did the celts come from before ireland","passages":[{"title":"Celts","text":"The history of pre-Celtic Europe and the exact relationship between ethnic , linguistic and cultural factors in the Celtic world remains uncertain and controversial . The exact geographic spread of the ancient Celts is disputed ; in particular , the ways in which the Iron Age inhabitants of Great Britain and Ireland should be regarded as Celts have become a subject of controversy . According to one theory , the common root of the Celtic languages , the Proto - Celtic language , arose in the Late Bronze Age Urnfield culture of Central Europe , which flourished from around 1200 BC . According to a theory proposed in the 19th century , the first people to adopt cultural characteristics regarded as Celtic were the people of the Iron Age Hallstatt culture in central Europe ( c. 800 -- 450 BC ) , named for the rich grave finds in Hallstatt , Austria . Thus this area is sometimes called the `` Celtic homeland '' . By or during the later La T\u00e8ne period ( c. 450 BC to the Roman conquest ) , this Celtic culture was supposed to have expanded by trans - cultural diffusion or migration to the British Isles ( Insular Celts ) , France and the Low Countries ( Gauls ) , Bohemia , Poland and much of Central Europe , the Iberian Peninsula ( Celtiberians , Celtici , Lusitanians and Gallaeci ) and northern Italy ( Golasecca culture and Cisalpine Gauls ) and , following the Celtic settlement of Eastern Europe beginning in 279 BC , as far east as central Anatolia ( Galatians ) in modern - day Turkey . ","sentences":["The history of pre-Celtic Europe and the exact relationship between ethnic , linguistic and cultural factors in the Celtic world remains uncertain and controversial .","The exact geographic spread of the ancient Celts is disputed ; in particular , the ways in which the Iron Age inhabitants of Great Britain and Ireland should be regarded as Celts have become a subject of controversy .","According to one theory , the common root of the Celtic languages , the Proto - Celtic language , arose in the Late Bronze Age Urnfield culture of Central Europe , which flourished from around 1200 BC .","According to a theory proposed in the 19th century , the first people to adopt cultural characteristics regarded as Celtic were the people of the Iron Age Hallstatt culture in central Europe ( c. 800 -- 450 BC ) , named for the rich grave finds in Hallstatt , Austria .","Thus this area is sometimes called the `` Celtic homeland '' .","By or during the later La T\u00e8ne period ( c. 450 BC to the Roman conquest ) , this Celtic culture was supposed to have expanded by trans - cultural diffusion or migration to the British Isles ( Insular Celts ) , France and the Low Countries ( Gauls ) , Bohemia , Poland and much of Central Europe , the Iberian Peninsula ( Celtiberians , Celtici , Lusitanians and Gallaeci ) and northern Italy ( Golasecca culture and Cisalpine Gauls ) and , following the Celtic settlement of Eastern Europe beginning in 279 BC , as far east as central Anatolia ( Galatians ) in modern - day Turkey ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The history of pre-Celtic Europe and the exact relationship between ethnic, linguistic and cultural factors in the Celtic world remains uncertain and controversial.   According to one theory, the common root of the Celtic languages, the Proto - Celtic language, arose in the Late Bronze Age Urnfield culture of Central Europe, and the other theory proposed in the 19th century believes that the Celtic culture is adopted first by the people of the Iron Age Hallstatt culture also in central Europe.","selected_sentences":["The history of pre-Celtic Europe and the exact relationship between ethnic , linguistic and cultural factors in the Celtic world remains uncertain and controversial .","According to one theory , the common root of the Celtic languages , the Proto - Celtic language , arose in the Late Bronze Age Urnfield culture of Central Europe , which flourished from around 1200 BC .","According to a theory proposed in the 19th century , the first people to adopt cultural characteristics regarded as Celtic were the people of the Iron Age Hallstatt culture in central Europe ( c. 800 -- 450 BC ) , named for the rich grave finds in Hallstatt , Austria ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-4250679628664906948","input":"where did the expression getting cold feet come from","passages":[{"title":"Cold feet","text":"The origin of the term itself has been largely attributed to American author Stephen Crane , who added the phrase , in 1896 , to the second edition of his short novel , Maggie : A Girl of the Streets . Crane writes , `` I knew this was the way it would be . They got cold feet . '' The term is present in `` Seed Time and Harvest '' by Fritz Reuter published in 1862 . Kenneth McKenzie , a former professor of Italian at Princeton University attributed the first use of the phrase to the play Volpone produced by Ben Jonson in 1605 . The true origin and first usage of the phrase remains debated and unconfirmed as exemplified above . ","sentences":["The origin of the term itself has been largely attributed to American author Stephen Crane , who added the phrase , in 1896 , to the second edition of his short novel , Maggie : A Girl of the Streets .","Crane writes , `` I knew this was the way it would be .","They got cold feet . ''","The term is present in `` Seed Time and Harvest '' by Fritz Reuter published in 1862 .","Kenneth McKenzie , a former professor of Italian at Princeton University attributed the first use of the phrase to the play Volpone produced by Ben Jonson in 1605 .","The true origin and first usage of the phrase remains debated and unconfirmed as exemplified above ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The first use of this term has been largely attributed to American author Stephen Crane , who added the phrase , in 1896 , to the second edition of his short novel , Maggie : A Girl of the Streets .\r\nThe true origin and first usage of the phrase remains debated and unconfirmed as exemplified above .","selected_sentences":["The origin of the term itself has been largely attributed to American author Stephen Crane , who added the phrase , in 1896 , to the second edition of his short novel , Maggie : A Girl of the Streets .","The true origin and first usage of the phrase remains debated and unconfirmed as exemplified above ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The first use of this term has been largely attributed to American author Stephen Crane, who added the phrase, in 1896, to his short novel, Maggie: A Girl of the Streets. The true origin and first usage of the phrase remains debated and unconfirmed.","selected_sentences":["The origin of the term itself has been largely attributed to American author Stephen Crane , who added the phrase , in 1896 , to the second edition of his short novel , Maggie : A Girl of the Streets .","The true origin and first usage of the phrase remains debated and unconfirmed as exemplified above ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-3066832486070706632","input":"who played rosario on will & grace and is she still alive","passages":[{"title":"Shelley Morrison","text":"Shelley Morrison ( born Rachel Mitrani ; October 26 , 1936 ) is an American actress . Early in her career , she was sometimes credited as Rachel Dom\u00ednguez . Morrison has been a theater and television actress since the early 1960s , predominantly as a character actress in ethnic roles . Her most recognizable role has been as the maid Rosario Salazar in the NBC comedy television series Will & Grace , which she played from 1999 to 2006 . She was a regular performer on the sitcom The Flying Nun playing Sister Sixto , a nun known mostly for mangling the English language ; and she continued in television guest roles until securing a recurring role in the soap opera General Hospital in 1982 . ","sentences":["Shelley Morrison ( born Rachel Mitrani ; October 26 , 1936 ) is an American actress .","Early in her career , she was sometimes credited as Rachel Dom\u00ednguez .","Morrison has been a theater and television actress since the early 1960s , predominantly as a character actress in ethnic roles .","Her most recognizable role has been as the maid Rosario Salazar in the NBC comedy television series Will & Grace , which she played from 1999 to 2006 .","She was a regular performer on the sitcom The Flying Nun playing Sister Sixto , a nun known mostly for mangling the English language ; and she continued in television guest roles until securing a recurring role in the soap opera General Hospital in 1982 ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Shelley Morrison's most recognizable role has been as the maid Rosario Salazar in the NBC comedy television series Will & Grace.","selected_sentences":["Shelley Morrison ( born Rachel Mitrani ; October 26 , 1936 ) is an American actress .","Her most recognizable role has been as the maid Rosario Salazar in the NBC comedy television series Will & Grace , which she played from 1999 to 2006 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"8624733370959826532","input":"night vision devices use which type of waves","passages":[{"title":"Night vision","text":"Night - useful spectral range techniques can sense radiation that is invisible to a human observer . Human vision is confined to a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum called visible light . Enhanced spectral range allows the viewer to take advantage of non-visible sources of electromagnetic radiation ( such as near - infrared or ultraviolet radiation ) . Some animals such as the mantis shrimp can see using much more of the infrared and \/ or ultraviolet spectrum than humans . Spectrum ","sentences":["Night - useful spectral range techniques can sense radiation that is invisible to a human observer .","Human vision is confined to a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum called visible light .","Enhanced spectral range allows the viewer to take advantage of non-visible sources of electromagnetic radiation ( such as near - infrared or ultraviolet radiation ) .","Some animals such as the mantis shrimp can see using much more of the infrared and \/ or ultraviolet spectrum than humans .","Spectrum"]}],"output":[{"answer":"Night - useful spectral range techniques can sense radiation that is invisible to a human observer. Enhanced spectral range allows the viewer to take advantage of non-visible sources of electromagnetic radiation ( such as near - infrared or ultraviolet radiation ) .","selected_sentences":["Night - useful spectral range techniques can sense radiation that is invisible to a human observer .","Enhanced spectral range allows the viewer to take advantage of non-visible sources of electromagnetic radiation ( such as near - infrared or ultraviolet radiation ) ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-754087378140885848","input":"what is in his eyes from jekyll and hyde about","passages":[{"title":"In His Eyes","text":"Jekyll and Hyde tells the story of a doctor , Jekyll , who , trying to find the basis of good and evil , develops an evil alter ego , Hyde . The song is sung by the two female leads , Lucy and Emma . Emma , Jekyll 's fianc\u00e9 , is a refined young woman who is reluctant to support her husband 's experiments fearing that he is becoming too involved in the process . Lucy is a prostitute at a gentlemen 's club who becomes infatuated with the Hyde persona , eventually resulting in her death . While the two characters are very different , they both love the same man , albeit different personas within the same physicality . In this song , they lament about their separate desires for Jekyll \/ Hyde to see how much they love him and how their lives have been altered by the man and his experiments . Both women dream about their futures , with or without Jekyll \/ Hyde . They both , separately , come to the realization that their love for him is much too strong to ever truly break away . In mutual agreement , they recognize that when they look into the eyes of the man they love , they are filled with everything they need to continue on . The song ends with them fully believing that the love they have for Jekyll \/ Hyde enriches their lives and are committed to doing whatever they can for him . ","sentences":["Jekyll and Hyde tells the story of a doctor , Jekyll , who , trying to find the basis of good and evil , develops an evil alter ego , Hyde .","The song is sung by the two female leads , Lucy and Emma .","Emma , Jekyll 's fianc\u00e9 , is a refined young woman who is reluctant to support her husband 's experiments fearing that he is becoming too involved in the process .","Lucy is a prostitute at a gentlemen 's club who becomes infatuated with the Hyde persona , eventually resulting in her death .","While the two characters are very different , they both love the same man , albeit different personas within the same physicality .","In this song , they lament about their separate desires for Jekyll \/ Hyde to see how much they love him and how their lives have been altered by the man and his experiments .","Both women dream about their futures , with or without Jekyll \/ Hyde .","They both , separately , come to the realization that their love for him is much too strong to ever truly break away .","In mutual agreement , they recognize that when they look into the eyes of the man they love , they are filled with everything they need to continue on .","The song ends with them fully believing that the love they have for Jekyll \/ Hyde enriches their lives and are committed to doing whatever they can for him ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The song is sung by the two female leads, Lucy and Emma. Emma, Jekyll's fianc\u00e9, is a refined young woman who is reluctant to support her husband's experiments fearing that he is becoming too involved in the process. Lucy is a prostitute at a gentlemen's club who becomes infatuated with the Hyde persona, eventually resulting in her death. In this song, they lament about their separate desires for Jekyll \/ Hyde to see how much they love him and how their lives have been altered by the man and his experiments. They both , separately , come to the realization that their love for him is much too strong to ever truly break away. They recognize that when they look into the eyes of the man they love, they are filled with everything they need to continue on. The song ends with them fully believing that the love they have for Jekyll \/ Hyde enriches their lives and are committed to doing whatever they can for him.","selected_sentences":["The song is sung by the two female leads , Lucy and Emma .","Emma , Jekyll 's fianc\u00e9 , is a refined young woman who is reluctant to support her husband 's experiments fearing that he is becoming too involved in the process .","Lucy is a prostitute at a gentlemen 's club who becomes infatuated with the Hyde persona , eventually resulting in her death .","In this song , they lament about their separate desires for Jekyll \/ Hyde to see how much they love him and how their lives have been altered by the man and his experiments .","They both , separately , come to the realization that their love for him is much too strong to ever truly break away .","In mutual agreement , they recognize that when they look into the eyes of the man they love , they are filled with everything they need to continue on .","The song ends with them fully believing that the love they have for Jekyll \/ Hyde enriches their lives and are committed to doing whatever they can for him ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Jekyll and Hyde tells the story of a doctor , Jekyll , who , trying to find the basis of good and evil , develops an evil alter ego , Hyde .","selected_sentences":["Jekyll and Hyde tells the story of a doctor , Jekyll , who , trying to find the basis of good and evil , develops an evil alter ego , Hyde ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-8368989478366410036","input":"who won the civil war the south or the north","passages":[{"title":"American Civil War","text":"The Union and Confederacy quickly raised volunteer and conscription armies that fought mostly in the South over four years . The Union finally won the war when General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant at the Battle of Appomattox Court House , followed by a series of surrenders by Confederate generals throughout the southern states . Four years of intense combat left 620,000 to 750,000 people dead , more than the number of U.S. military deaths in all other wars combined ( at least until approximately the Vietnam War ) . Much of the South 's infrastructure was destroyed , especially the transportation systems , railroads , mills , and houses . The Confederacy collapsed , slavery was abolished , and 4 million slaves were freed . The Reconstruction Era ( 1863 -- 1877 ) overlapped and followed the war , with the process of restoring national unity , strengthening the national government , and granting civil rights to freed slaves throughout the country . The Civil War is the most studied and written about episode in U.S. history . ","sentences":["The Union and Confederacy quickly raised volunteer and conscription armies that fought mostly in the South over four years .","The Union finally won the war when General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant at the Battle of Appomattox Court House , followed by a series of surrenders by Confederate generals throughout the southern states .","Four years of intense combat left 620,000 to 750,000 people dead , more than the number of U.S. military deaths in all other wars combined ( at least until approximately the Vietnam War ) .","Much of the South 's infrastructure was destroyed , especially the transportation systems , railroads , mills , and houses .","The Confederacy collapsed , slavery was abolished , and 4 million slaves were freed .","The Reconstruction Era ( 1863 -- 1877 ) overlapped and followed the war , with the process of restoring national unity , strengthening the national government , and granting civil rights to freed slaves throughout the country .","The Civil War is the most studied and written about episode in U.S. history ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The Union, the North, finally won the war when General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant at the Battle of Appomattox Court House, followed by a series of surrenders by Confederate generals throughout the southern states.","selected_sentences":["The Union finally won the war when General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant at the Battle of Appomattox Court House , followed by a series of surrenders by Confederate generals throughout the southern states ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-5880045577240493755","input":"who sings the theme song from happy days","passages":[{"title":"Happy Days (TV theme)","text":"The song was first recorded in 1974 by Jim Haas with a group of other session singers for the first two seasons . These versions of the song were used only during the closing credits of Seasons 1 and 2 , with an updated version of `` Rock Around the Clock '' by Bill Haley and His Comets used as the opening theme . The song was re-recorded in 1975 with different lyrics for both the opening and closing credits for Seasons 3 through 10 . Pratt & McClain released the song as a single in 1976 from their album Pratt & McClain Featuring Happy Days . Bobby Arvon recorded an updated version of the song in 1983 for the opening and closing credits of Season 11 , with the same lyrics as the version used for seasons 3 - 10 . ","sentences":["The song was first recorded in 1974 by Jim Haas with a group of other session singers for the first two seasons .","These versions of the song were used only during the closing credits of Seasons 1 and 2 , with an updated version of `` Rock Around the Clock '' by Bill Haley and His Comets used as the opening theme .","The song was re-recorded in 1975 with different lyrics for both the opening and closing credits for Seasons 3 through 10 .","Pratt & McClain released the song as a single in 1976 from their album Pratt & McClain","Featuring Happy Days .","Bobby Arvon recorded an updated version of the song in 1983 for the opening and closing credits of Season 11 , with the same lyrics as the version used for seasons 3 - 10 ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"For the first two seasons the song was recorded in 1974 by Jim Haas with a group of other session singers.\r\nIn 1983 Bobby Arvon recorded an updated version of the song for the opening and closing credits of Season 11 , with the same lyrics as the version used for seasons 3 - 10 .","selected_sentences":["The song was first recorded in 1974 by Jim Haas with a group of other session singers for the first two seasons .","Bobby Arvon recorded an updated version of the song in 1983 for the opening and closing credits of Season 11 , with the same lyrics as the version used for seasons 3 - 10 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"For the first two seasons the song was recorded in 1974 by Jim Haas with a group of other session singers and was used only during the closing credits. An updated version of `` Rock Around the Clock '' by Bill Haley and His Comets was used as the opening theme. In 1983 Bobby Arvon recorded an updated version of the song for the opening and closing credits of Season 11, with the same lyrics as the version used for seasons 3 - 10.","selected_sentences":["The song was first recorded in 1974 by Jim Haas with a group of other session singers for the first two seasons .","These versions of the song were used only during the closing credits of Seasons 1 and 2 , with an updated version of `` Rock Around the Clock '' by Bill Haley and His Comets used as the opening theme .","Bobby Arvon recorded an updated version of the song in 1983 for the opening and closing credits of Season 11 , with the same lyrics as the version used for seasons 3 - 10 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-7800881219507538913","input":"where did the name sweet frog come from","passages":[{"title":"Sweet Frog","text":"Sweet Frog ( stylised as sweetFrog - Premium Frozen Yogurt ) is a chain of frozen yogurt retail stores owned and operated by Sweet Frog Enterprises , LLC . Sweet Frog customers create their own soft - serve frozen yogurt with numerous flavors and toppings from which to choose . Derek Cha , who immigrated to the United States from South Korea at the age of 12 , is the founder of Sweet Frog . He started the first Sweet Frog store in Richmond , Virginia in 2009 , at a time when the United States economy was in recession . Cha founded Sweet Frog on Christian principles . The `` FROG '' part of the name , according to Cha , is actually an acronym for `` Fully Rely on God '' . ","sentences":["Sweet Frog ( stylised as sweetFrog - Premium Frozen Yogurt ) is a chain of frozen yogurt retail stores owned and operated by Sweet Frog Enterprises , LLC .","Sweet Frog customers create their own soft - serve frozen yogurt with numerous flavors and toppings from which to choose .","Derek Cha , who immigrated to the United States from South Korea at the age of 12 , is the founder of Sweet Frog .","He started the first Sweet Frog store in Richmond , Virginia in 2009 , at a time when the United States economy was in recession .","Cha founded Sweet Frog on Christian principles .","The `` FROG '' part of the name , according to Cha , is actually an acronym for `` Fully Rely on God '' ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Derek Cha founded Sweet Frog on Christian principles . The `` FROG '' part of the name , according to Cha , is actually an acronym for `` Fully Rely on God '' .","selected_sentences":["Derek Cha , who immigrated to the United States from South Korea at the age of 12 , is the founder of Sweet Frog .","Cha founded Sweet Frog on Christian principles .","The `` FROG '' part of the name , according to Cha , is actually an acronym for `` Fully Rely on God '' ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"5874424012466282023","input":"what is the great wall of china built out of","passages":[{"title":"Great Wall of China","text":"Before the use of bricks , the Great Wall was mainly built from rammed earth , stones , and wood . During the Ming , however , bricks were heavily used in many areas of the wall , as were materials such as tiles , lime , and stone . The size and weight of the bricks made them easier to work with than earth and stone , so construction quickened . Additionally , bricks could bear more weight and endure better than rammed earth . Stone can hold under its own weight better than brick , but is more difficult to use . Consequently , stones cut in rectangular shapes were used for the foundation , inner and outer brims , and gateways of the wall . Battlements line the uppermost portion of the vast majority of the wall , with defensive gaps a little over 30 cm ( 12 in ) tall , and about 23 cm ( 9.1 in ) wide . From the parapets , guards could survey the surrounding land . Communication between the army units along the length of the Great Wall , including the ability to call reinforcements and warn garrisons of enemy movements , was of high importance . Signal towers were built upon hill tops or other high points along the wall for their visibility . Wooden gates could be used as a trap against those going through . Barracks , stables , and armories were built near the wall 's inner surface . ","sentences":["Before the use of bricks , the Great Wall was mainly built from rammed earth , stones , and wood .","During the Ming , however , bricks were heavily used in many areas of the wall , as were materials such as tiles , lime , and stone .","The size and weight of the bricks made them easier to work with than earth and stone , so construction quickened .","Additionally , bricks could bear more weight and endure better than rammed earth .","Stone can hold under its own weight better than brick , but is more difficult to use .","Consequently , stones cut in rectangular shapes were used for the foundation , inner and outer brims , and gateways of the wall .","Battlements line the uppermost portion of the vast majority of the wall , with defensive gaps a little over 30 cm ( 12 in ) tall , and about 23 cm ( 9.1 in ) wide .","From the parapets , guards could survey the surrounding land .","Communication between the army units along the length of the Great Wall , including the ability to call reinforcements and warn garrisons of enemy movements , was of high importance .","Signal towers were built upon hill tops or other high points along the wall for their visibility .","Wooden gates could be used as a trap against those going through .","Barracks , stables , and armories were built near the wall 's inner surface ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Before the use of bricks, the Great Wall was mainly built from rammed earth, stones and wood. During the Ming, however, bricks were heavily used in many areas of the wall, as were materials such as tiles, lime and stone. Bricks could bear more weight and endure better than rammed earth. Stone can hold its own weight better than brick, consequently, stones cut in rectangular shapes were used for the foundation, inner and outer brims, and gateways of the wall.","selected_sentences":["Before the use of bricks , the Great Wall was mainly built from rammed earth , stones , and wood .","During the Ming , however , bricks were heavily used in many areas of the wall , as were materials such as tiles , lime , and stone .","Additionally , bricks could bear more weight and endure better than rammed earth .","Stone can hold under its own weight better than brick , but is more difficult to use .","Consequently , stones cut in rectangular shapes were used for the foundation , inner and outer brims , and gateways of the wall ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Before the use of bricks, the Great Wall was mainly built from rammed earth, stones and wood. During the Ming area, however, bricks were heavily used in many areas of the wall, as were materials such as tiles, lime and stone.  Stone can hold its own weight better than brick, consequently, stones cut in rectangular shapes were used for the foundation, inner and outer brims, and gateways of the wall.","selected_sentences":["Before the use of bricks , the Great Wall was mainly built from rammed earth , stones , and wood .","During the Ming , however , bricks were heavily used in many areas of the wall , as were materials such as tiles , lime , and stone .","Additionally , bricks could bear more weight and endure better than rammed earth .","Stone can hold under its own weight better than brick , but is more difficult to use .","Consequently , stones cut in rectangular shapes were used for the foundation , inner and outer brims , and gateways of the wall ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"6777732893706084919","input":"what happened to backlot tour at hollywood studios","passages":[{"title":"Studio Backlot Tour","text":"On September 20 , 2014 it was announced to cast members that the ride would temporarily close on September 27 , 2014 for the orchestral facility . On September 28 , the marquee and the sign that were at the entrance were removed and painted over . At the time of the attraction 's closing , there was no word as to what would replace it . However , it was later annonouced at the D23 Expo 2015 that the land taking up the Backlot Tour , as well as the majority of the Streets of America area would make room for Star Wars and Toy Story - themed lands . Construction began in mid-2016 . ","sentences":["On September 20 , 2014 it was announced to cast members that the ride would temporarily close on September 27 , 2014 for the orchestral facility .","On September 28 , the marquee and the sign that were at the entrance were removed and painted over .","At the time of the attraction 's closing , there was no word as to what would replace it .","However , it was later annonouced at the D23 Expo 2015 that the land taking up the Backlot Tour , as well as the majority of the Streets of America area would make room for Star Wars and Toy Story - themed lands .","Construction began in mid-2016 ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"On September 20 , 2014 it was announced to cast members that the Studio Backlot Tour ride would temporarily close on September 27 , 2014 for the orchestral facility . However , it was later annonouced at the D23 Expo 2015 that the land taking up the Backlot Tour , as well as the majority of the Streets of America area would make room for Star Wars and Toy Story - themed lands .","selected_sentences":["On September 20 , 2014 it was announced to cast members that the ride would temporarily close on September 27 , 2014 for the orchestral facility .","However , it was later annonouced at the D23 Expo 2015 that the land taking up the Backlot Tour , as well as the majority of the Streets of America area would make room for Star Wars and Toy Story - themed lands ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-4857752479481038518","input":"where is french polynesia on the world map","passages":[{"title":"French Polynesia","text":"French Polynesia ( \/ \u02c8fr\u025bnt\u0283 p\u0252l\u026a\u02c8ni\u02d0\u0292\u0259 \/ ( listen ) ; French : Polyn\u00e9sie fran\u00e7aise ( p\u0254linezi f\u0281\u0251\u0303s\u025bz ) ; Tahitian : P\u014dr\u012bnetia Far\u0101ni ) is an overseas collectivity of the French Republic ; collectivit\u00e9 d'outre - mer de la R\u00e9publique fran\u00e7aise pronunciation ( help info ) ( COM ) , sometimes unofficially referred to as an overseas country ; pays d'outre - mer ( POM ) . It is composed of 118 geographically dispersed islands and atolls stretching over an expanse of more than 2,000 kilometres ( 1,200 mi ) in the South Pacific Ocean . Its total land area is 4,167 square kilometres ( 1,609 sq mi ) . ","sentences":["French Polynesia ( \/ \u02c8fr\u025bnt\u0283 p\u0252l\u026a\u02c8ni\u02d0\u0292\u0259 \/ ( listen ) ;","French : Polyn\u00e9sie fran\u00e7aise ( p\u0254linezi f\u0281\u0251\u0303s\u025bz ) ; Tahitian : P\u014dr\u012bnetia Far\u0101ni ) is an overseas collectivity of the French Republic ; collectivit\u00e9 d'outre - mer de la R\u00e9publique fran\u00e7aise pronunciation ( help info )","( COM ) , sometimes unofficially referred to as an overseas country ; pays d'outre - mer ( POM ) .","It is composed of 118 geographically dispersed islands and atolls stretching over an expanse of more than 2,000 kilometres ( 1,200 mi ) in the South Pacific Ocean .","Its total land area is 4,167 square kilometres ( 1,609 sq mi ) ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"French Polynesia is an overseas collectivity of the French Republic. It is composed of 118 geographically dispersed islands and atolls stretching over an expanse of more than 2,000 kilometres ( 1,200 mi ) in the South Pacific Ocean .","selected_sentences":["French Polynesia ( \/ \u02c8fr\u025bnt\u0283 p\u0252l\u026a\u02c8ni\u02d0\u0292\u0259 \/ ( listen ) ;","French : Polyn\u00e9sie fran\u00e7aise ( p\u0254linezi f\u0281\u0251\u0303s\u025bz ) ; Tahitian : P\u014dr\u012bnetia Far\u0101ni ) is an overseas collectivity of the French Republic ; collectivit\u00e9 d'outre - mer de la R\u00e9publique fran\u00e7aise pronunciation ( help info )","It is composed of 118 geographically dispersed islands and atolls stretching over an expanse of more than 2,000 kilometres ( 1,200 mi ) in the South Pacific Ocean ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-7882622714851648190","input":"how to cure breast wound due to breastfeeding","passages":[{"title":"Cracked nipple","text":"Cracked nipples can be treated with 100 % lanolin . Glycerin nipple pads can be chilled and placed over the nipples to help soothe and heal cracked or painful nipples . If the cause of cracked nipples is from thrush , treatment is usually begun with nystatin . If the mother is symptomatic then the mother and the baby can be treated . Continuing to breastfeed will actually help the nipples heal . A little breast milk or purified lanolin cream or ointment helps the healing process . Breastfeeding professionals that include nurses , midwives and lactation consultants are able to assist in the treatment of cracked nipples . ","sentences":["Cracked nipples can be treated with 100 % lanolin .","Glycerin nipple pads can be chilled and placed over the nipples to help soothe and heal cracked or painful nipples .","If the cause of cracked nipples is from thrush , treatment is usually begun with nystatin .","If the mother is symptomatic then the mother and the baby can be treated .","Continuing to breastfeed will actually help the nipples heal .","A little breast milk or purified lanolin cream or ointment helps the healing process .","Breastfeeding professionals that include nurses , midwives and lactation consultants are able to assist in the treatment of cracked nipples ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Cracked nipples can be treated with 100 % lanolin .\r\nAlso continuing to breastfeed will actually help the nipples heal . In addition, glycerin nipple pads can be chilled and placed over the nipples to help soothe and heal cracked or painful nipples .","selected_sentences":["Cracked nipples can be treated with 100 % lanolin .","Glycerin nipple pads can be chilled and placed over the nipples to help soothe and heal cracked or painful nipples .","Continuing to breastfeed will actually help the nipples heal ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976,45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"6609303365828870792","input":"where do the humphreys live in gossip girl","passages":[{"title":"Dan Humphrey","text":"Daniel Randolph `` Dan '' Humphrey is a fictional character in the best selling Gossip Girl series of novels . He is one of the central male characters in the television adaptation of the same name , where he is portrayed by Penn Badgley . Dan Humphrey is the son of Rufus Humphrey and has a younger sister , Jenny , while his mother remains absent for the majority of the series . Dan and his family live in Brooklyn , New York , the alternative of the old - moneyed and conservative Upper East Side . He attends St. Jude 's Preparatory School for Boys on the West Side as a scholarship student . His life changed dramatically when his father , Rufus Humphrey , married the wealthy Lily van der Woodsen , moving the family to the Upper East Side . ","sentences":["Daniel Randolph `` Dan '' Humphrey is a fictional character in the best selling Gossip Girl series of novels .","He is one of the central male characters in the television adaptation of the same name , where he is portrayed by Penn Badgley .","Dan Humphrey is the son of Rufus Humphrey and has a younger sister , Jenny , while his mother remains absent for the majority of the series .","Dan and his family live in Brooklyn , New York , the alternative of the old - moneyed and conservative Upper East Side .","He attends St. Jude 's Preparatory School for Boys on the West Side as a scholarship student .","His life changed dramatically when his father , Rufus Humphrey , married the wealthy Lily van der Woodsen , moving the family to the Upper East Side ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Dan and his family live in Brooklyn , New York , the alternative of the old - moneyed and conservative Upper East Side .\r\nWhen his father, marries the wealthy Lily van der Woodsen , the family moves to the Upper East Side .","selected_sentences":["Dan and his family live in Brooklyn , New York , the alternative of the old - moneyed and conservative Upper East Side .","His life changed dramatically when his father , Rufus Humphrey , married the wealthy Lily van der Woodsen , moving the family to the Upper East Side ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Dan Humphrey and his family live in Brooklyn , New York , the alternative of the old - moneyed and conservative Upper East Side . When his father, marries the wealthy Lily van der Woodsen , the family moves to the Upper East Side .","selected_sentences":["Dan and his family live in Brooklyn , New York , the alternative of the old - moneyed and conservative Upper East Side .","His life changed dramatically when his father , Rufus Humphrey , married the wealthy Lily van der Woodsen , moving the family to the Upper East Side ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"9010883397127955016","input":"who wrote be careful with me cardi b","passages":[{"title":"Be Careful (Cardi B song)","text":"`` Be Careful '' is a song recorded by American rapper Cardi B. It was released on March 29 , 2018 , as the third single from her debut studio album Invasion of Privacy ( 2018 ) . The song was written by Cardi B , Jordan Thorpe , and its producers Boi - 1da , Vinylz , and Frank Dukes . It contains an interpolation from `` Ex-Factor '' , written and performed by Lauryn Hill , which itself samples `` Can It Be All So Simple '' , written and performed by Wu - Tang Clan . The latter song also samples `` The Way We Were '' . Therefore , Hill , the members of Wu - Tang Clan , and Marvin Hamlisch , Alan Bergman and Marilyn Bergman are credited among the composers . ","sentences":["`` Be Careful '' is a song recorded by American rapper Cardi B.","It was released on March 29 , 2018 , as the third single from her debut studio album Invasion of Privacy ( 2018 ) .","The song was written by Cardi B , Jordan Thorpe , and its producers Boi - 1da , Vinylz , and Frank Dukes .","It contains an interpolation from `` Ex-Factor '' , written and performed by Lauryn Hill , which itself samples `` Can It Be All So Simple '' , written and performed by Wu - Tang Clan .","The latter song also samples `` The Way We Were '' .","Therefore , Hill , the members of Wu - Tang Clan , and Marvin Hamlisch , Alan Bergman and Marilyn Bergman are credited among the composers ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Be Careful (Cardi B song) was written by Cardi B , Jordan Thorpe, and Hill , the members of Wu - Tang Clan , and Marvin Hamlisch , Alan Bergman and Marilyn Bergman are credited among the composers .","selected_sentences":["The song was written by Cardi B , Jordan Thorpe , and its producers Boi - 1da , Vinylz , and Frank Dukes .","Therefore , Hill , the members of Wu - Tang Clan , and Marvin Hamlisch , Alan Bergman and Marilyn Bergman are credited among the composers ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-8940393460898175909","input":"what is the difference between dpt and tdpt","passages":[{"title":"Doctor of Physical Therapy","text":"A Doctor of Physical Therapy ( DPT ) degree is a post-baccalaureate degree that takes 7 years to complete . A DPT is considered as a clinical doctor who is educated in many areas of rehabilitation . A Transitional Doctor of Physical Therapy Degree is also offered for those who already hold a professional Bachelor or Master of Physical Therapy ( PT or MPT ) degree . As of 2015 , all accredited and developing physical therapist programs are DPT programs . The DPT degree currently prepares students to be eligible for the PT license examination in all 50 states . As of March 2017 , there are 222 accredited Doctor of Physical Therapy programs in the United States . After completing a DPT program the doctor of physical therapy may continue training in a residency and then fellowship . As of December 2013 , there are 178 credentialed physical therapy residencies and 34 fellowships in the US with 63 additional developing residencies and fellowships . Credentialed residencies are between 9 and 36 months while credentialed fellowships are between 6 and 36 months . ","sentences":["A Doctor of Physical Therapy ( DPT ) degree is a post-baccalaureate degree that takes 7 years to complete .","A DPT is considered as a clinical doctor who is educated in many areas of rehabilitation .","A Transitional Doctor of Physical Therapy Degree is also offered for those who already hold a professional Bachelor or Master of Physical Therapy ( PT or MPT ) degree .","As of 2015 , all accredited and developing physical therapist programs are DPT programs .","The DPT degree currently prepares students to be eligible for the PT license examination in all 50 states .","As of March 2017 , there are 222 accredited Doctor of Physical Therapy programs in the United States .","After completing a DPT program the doctor of physical therapy may continue training in a residency and then fellowship .","As of December 2013 , there are 178 credentialed physical therapy residencies and 34 fellowships in the US with 63 additional developing residencies and fellowships .","Credentialed residencies are between 9 and 36 months while credentialed fellowships are between 6 and 36 months ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"A Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) degree is a post-baccalaureate degree that takes 7 years to complete.  A Transitional Doctor of Physical Therapy Degree is offered for those who already hold a professional Bachelor or Master of Physical Therapy (PT or MPT) degree. The DPT degree currently prepares students to be eligible for the PT license examination.","selected_sentences":["A Doctor of Physical Therapy ( DPT ) degree is a post-baccalaureate degree that takes 7 years to complete .","A Transitional Doctor of Physical Therapy Degree is also offered for those who already hold a professional Bachelor or Master of Physical Therapy ( PT or MPT ) degree .","The DPT degree currently prepares students to be eligible for the PT license examination in all 50 states ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"7861424376302344640","input":"what was the motive of british government for the partition of bengal","passages":[{"title":"Partition of Bengal (1905)","text":"The provincial state of Bengal had an area of 490,000 km ( 189,000 mi ) and a population of nearly 78.5 million . It comprised West Bengal with a Hindu majority and East Bengal and Assam with a Muslim majority . It included the Hindi - speaking regions of Bihar , the Odia - speaking regions of Odisha as well as the Assamese - speaking region of Assam , making it a huge administrative entity . Moreover , the capital , Calcutta , was also the capital of the entire British India . With the growing efforts of the Indian freedom fighters to secure the independence of India , Lord Curzon decided to address both these problems by partitioning Bengal into two entities , which would result in a Muslim - majority in the eastern half , and a Hindu - majority in the western half . This he hoped would reduce the administrative pressures . ","sentences":["The provincial state of Bengal had an area of 490,000 km ( 189,000 mi ) and a population of nearly 78.5 million .","It comprised West Bengal with a Hindu majority and East Bengal and Assam with a Muslim majority .","It included the Hindi - speaking regions of Bihar , the Odia - speaking regions of Odisha as well as the Assamese - speaking region of Assam , making it a huge administrative entity .","Moreover , the capital , Calcutta , was also the capital of the entire British India .","With the growing efforts of the Indian freedom fighters to secure the independence of India , Lord Curzon decided to address both these problems by partitioning Bengal into two entities , which would result in a Muslim - majority in the eastern half , and a Hindu - majority in the western half .","This he hoped would reduce the administrative pressures ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The provincial state of Bengal had an area of 490,000 km and a population of nearly 78.5 million, making it a huge administrative entity. With the growing efforts of the Indian freedom fighters to secure the independence of India, Lord Curzon decided to address both these problems by partitioning Bengal into two entities, which would result in a Muslim-majority in the eastern half, and a Hindu-majority in the western half. This he hoped would reduce the administrative pressures.","selected_sentences":["The provincial state of Bengal had an area of 490,000 km ( 189,000 mi ) and a population of nearly 78.5 million .","It included the Hindi - speaking regions of Bihar , the Odia - speaking regions of Odisha as well as the Assamese - speaking region of Assam , making it a huge administrative entity .","With the growing efforts of the Indian freedom fighters to secure the independence of India , Lord Curzon decided to address both these problems by partitioning Bengal into two entities , which would result in a Muslim - majority in the eastern half , and a Hindu - majority in the western half .","This he hoped would reduce the administrative pressures ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"8829685395711972607","input":"where does sadness come from in the brain","passages":[{"title":"Sadness","text":"According to the American Journal of Psychiatry , sadness has been found to be associated with `` increases in bilateral activity within the vicinity of the middle and posterior temporal cortex , lateral cerebellum , cerebellar vermis , midbrain , putamen , and caudate . '' Jose V. Pardo has his M.D and Ph. D and leads a research program in cognitive neuroscience . Using positron emission tomography ( PET ) Pardo and his colleagues were able to provoke sadness among seven normal men and women by asking them to think about sad things . They observed increased brain activity in the bilateral inferior and orbitofrontal cortex . In a study that induced sadness in subjects by showing emotional film clips , the feeling was correlated with significant increases in regional brain activity , especially in the prefrontal cortex , in the region called Brodmann 's area 9 , and the thalamus . A significant increase in activity was also observed in the bilateral anterior temporal structures . ","sentences":["According to the American Journal of Psychiatry , sadness has been found to be associated with `` increases in bilateral activity within the vicinity of the middle and posterior temporal cortex , lateral cerebellum , cerebellar vermis , midbrain , putamen , and caudate . ''","Jose V. Pardo has his M.D and Ph. D and leads a research program in cognitive neuroscience .","Using positron emission tomography ( PET ) Pardo and his colleagues were able to provoke sadness among seven normal men and women by asking them to think about sad things .","They observed increased brain activity in the bilateral inferior and orbitofrontal cortex .","In a study that induced sadness in subjects by showing emotional film clips , the feeling was correlated with significant increases in regional brain activity , especially in the prefrontal cortex , in the region called Brodmann 's area 9 , and the thalamus .","A significant increase in activity was also observed in the bilateral anterior temporal structures ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"According to the American Journal of Psychiatry, sadness has been found to be associated with ``increases in bilateral activity within the vicinity of the middle and posterior temporal cortex, lateral cerebellum, cerebellar vermis, midbrain, putamen and caudate.'' In a study that induced sadness in subjects by showing emotional film clips, the feeling was correlated with significant increases in regional brain activity, especially in the prefrontal cortex, in the region called Brodmann's area 9, and the thalamus.","selected_sentences":["According to the American Journal of Psychiatry , sadness has been found to be associated with `` increases in bilateral activity within the vicinity of the middle and posterior temporal cortex , lateral cerebellum , cerebellar vermis , midbrain , putamen , and caudate . ''","In a study that induced sadness in subjects by showing emotional film clips , the feeling was correlated with significant increases in regional brain activity , especially in the prefrontal cortex , in the region called Brodmann 's area 9 , and the thalamus ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-373791611562586661","input":"were shakespeare's plays popular when he was alive","passages":[{"title":"Shakespeare's reputation","text":"It is difficult to assess Shakespeare 's reputation in his own lifetime and shortly after . England had little modern literature before the 1570s , and detailed critical commentaries on modern authors did not begin to appear until the reign of Charles I . The facts about his reputation can be surmised from fragmentary evidence . He was included in some contemporary lists of leading poets , but he seems to have lacked the stature of the aristocratic Philip Sidney , who became a cult figure due to his death in battle at a young age , or of Edmund Spenser . Shakespeare 's poems were reprinted far more frequently than his plays ; but Shakespeare 's plays were written for performance by his own company , and because no law prevented rival companies from using the plays , Shakespeare 's troupe took steps to prevent his plays from being printed . That many of his plays were pirated suggests his popularity in the book market , and the regular patronage of his company by the court , culminating in 1603 when James I turned it into the `` King 's Men , '' suggests his popularity among higher stations of society . Modern plays ( as opposed to those in Latin and Greek ) were considered ephemeral and even somewhat disreputable entertainments by some contemporaries ; the new Bodleian Library explicitly refused to shelve plays . Some of Shakespeare 's plays , particularly the history plays , were reprinted frequently in cheap quarto ( i.e. pamphlet ) form ; others took decades to reach a 3rd edition . ","sentences":["It is difficult to assess Shakespeare 's reputation in his own lifetime and shortly after .","England had little modern literature before the 1570s , and detailed critical commentaries on modern authors did not begin to appear until the reign of Charles I .","The facts about his reputation can be surmised from fragmentary evidence .","He was included in some contemporary lists of leading poets , but he seems to have lacked the stature of the aristocratic Philip Sidney , who became a cult figure due to his death in battle at a young age , or of Edmund Spenser .","Shakespeare 's poems were reprinted far more frequently than his plays ; but Shakespeare 's plays were written for performance by his own company , and because no law prevented rival companies from using the plays , Shakespeare 's troupe took steps to prevent his plays from being printed .","That many of his plays were pirated suggests his popularity in the book market , and the regular patronage of his company by the court , culminating in 1603 when James I turned it into the `` King 's Men , '' suggests his popularity among higher stations of society .","Modern plays ( as opposed to those in Latin and Greek ) were considered ephemeral and even somewhat disreputable entertainments by some contemporaries ; the new Bodleian Library explicitly refused to shelve plays .","Some of Shakespeare 's plays , particularly the history plays , were reprinted frequently in cheap quarto ( i.e. pamphlet ) form ; others took decades to reach a 3rd edition ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"It is difficult to assess Shakespeare's reputation in his own lifetime and shortly after.   That many of his plays were pirated suggests his popularity in the book market, and the regular patronage of his company by the court, culminating in 1603 when James I turned it into the `` King's Men,'' suggests his popularity among higher stations of society.  Modern plays were considered ephemeral and even somewhat disreputable entertainments by some contemporaries.  Some of Shakespeare's plays, particularly the history plays, were reprinted frequently in cheap quarto form; others took decades to reach a 3rd edition.","selected_sentences":["It is difficult to assess Shakespeare 's reputation in his own lifetime and shortly after .","That many of his plays were pirated suggests his popularity in the book market , and the regular patronage of his company by the court , culminating in 1603 when James I turned it into the `` King 's Men , '' suggests his popularity among higher stations of society .","Modern plays ( as opposed to those in Latin and Greek ) were considered ephemeral and even somewhat disreputable entertainments by some contemporaries ; the new Bodleian Library explicitly refused to shelve plays .","Some of Shakespeare 's plays , particularly the history plays , were reprinted frequently in cheap quarto ( i.e. pamphlet ) form ; others took decades to reach a 3rd edition ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-866042520475988200","input":"system of a down meaning of chop suey","passages":[{"title":"Chop Suey! (song)","text":"In an interview , Daron Malakian explained , `` The song is about how we are regarded differently depending on how we pass . Everyone deserves to die . Like , if I were now to die from drug abuse , they might say I deserved it because I abused dangerous drugs . Hence the line , ' I cry when angels deserve to die ' . The lyric passages ' Father , into your hands I commend my spirit ' and ' why have you forsaken me ? ' are a reference to Jesus ' death on the cross , as , according to the Gospels , it was one of the seven things Jesus said while dying . '' ","sentences":["In an interview , Daron Malakian explained , `` The song is about how we are regarded differently depending on how we pass .","Everyone deserves to die .","Like , if I were now to die from drug abuse , they might say I deserved it because I abused dangerous drugs .","Hence the line , ' I cry when angels deserve to die ' .","The lyric passages ' Father , into your hands I commend my spirit ' and ' why have you forsaken me ? '","are a reference to Jesus ' death on the cross , as , according to the Gospels , it was one of the seven things Jesus said while dying . ''"]}],"output":[{"answer":"In an interview , Daron Malakian explained , `` The song is about how we are regarded differently depending on how we pass. The lyric passages ' Father , into your hands I commend my spirit ' and ' why have you forsaken me ? ' are a reference to Jesus ' death on the cross , as , according to the Gospels , it was one of the seven things Jesus said while dying.","selected_sentences":["In an interview , Daron Malakian explained , `` The song is about how we are regarded differently depending on how we pass .","The lyric passages ' Father , into your hands I commend my spirit ' and ' why have you forsaken me ? '","are a reference to Jesus ' death on the cross , as , according to the Gospels , it was one of the seven things Jesus said while dying . ''"],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The lyric passages ' Father , into your hands I commend my spirit ' and ' why have you forsaken me ? ' are a reference to Jesus ' death on the cross. According to the Gospels , it was one of the seven things Jesus said while dying.","selected_sentences":["In an interview , Daron Malakian explained , `` The song is about how we are regarded differently depending on how we pass .","The lyric passages ' Father , into your hands I commend my spirit ' and ' why have you forsaken me ? '","are a reference to Jesus ' death on the cross , as , according to the Gospels , it was one of the seven things Jesus said while dying . ''"],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-8056304490971014048","input":"what kind of rock is in joshua tree","passages":[{"title":"Joshua Tree National Park","text":"The park 's oldest rocks , Pinto gneiss among them , are 1.7 billion years old . They are exposed in places on the park 's surface in the Cottonwood , Pinto , and Eagle mountains . Much later , from 250 to 75 million years ago , tectonic plate movements forced volcanic material toward the surface at this location and formed granites , including monzogranite common to the Wonderland of Rocks , parts of the Pinto , Eagle , and Coxcomb mountains , and elsewhere . Erosion eventually exposed the harder rocks , gneiss and granite , in the uplands and reduced the softer rocks to debris that filled the canyons and basins between the ranges . The debris , moved by gravity and water , formed alluvial fans at the mouths of canyons as well as bajadas where the alluvial fans overlapped . ","sentences":["The park 's oldest rocks , Pinto gneiss among them , are 1.7 billion years old .","They are exposed in places on the park 's surface in the Cottonwood , Pinto , and Eagle mountains .","Much later , from 250 to 75 million years ago , tectonic plate movements forced volcanic material toward the surface at this location and formed granites , including monzogranite common to the Wonderland of Rocks , parts of the Pinto , Eagle , and Coxcomb mountains , and elsewhere .","Erosion eventually exposed the harder rocks , gneiss and granite , in the uplands and reduced the softer rocks to debris that filled the canyons and basins between the ranges .","The debris , moved by gravity and water , formed alluvial fans at the mouths of canyons as well as bajadas where the alluvial fans overlapped ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The park 's oldest rocks , Pinto gneiss, are in Joshua Tree National Park. Erosion eventually exposed the harder rocks , gneiss and granite , in the uplands and reduced the softer rocks to debris that filled the canyons and basins between the ranges .","selected_sentences":["The park 's oldest rocks , Pinto gneiss among them , are 1.7 billion years old .","Erosion eventually exposed the harder rocks , gneiss and granite , in the uplands and reduced the softer rocks to debris that filled the canyons and basins between the ranges ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-9131789255531964482","input":"who founded the grange what was its original purpose","passages":[{"title":"National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry","text":"President Andrew Johnson commissioned Oliver Kelley to go to the Southern states and to collect data to improve Southern agricultural conditions . In the South , poor farmers bore the brunt of the Civil War and were suspicious of Northerners like Kelley . Kelley found he was able to overcome these sectional differences as a Mason . With Southern Masons as guides , he toured the war - torn countryside in the South and was appalled by the outdated farming practices . He saw the need for an organization that would bring people from the North and South together in a spirit of mutual cooperation and , after many letters and consultations with the other founders , the Grange was born . The first Grange , Grange # 1 , was founded in 1868 in Fredonia , New York . Seven men and one woman co-founded the Grange : Oliver Hudson Kelley , William Saunders , Francis M. McDowell , John Trimble , Aaron B. Grosh , John R. Thompson , William M. Ireland , and Caroline Hall . ","sentences":["President Andrew Johnson commissioned Oliver Kelley to go to the Southern states and to collect data to improve Southern agricultural conditions .","In the South , poor farmers bore the brunt of the Civil War and were suspicious of Northerners like Kelley .","Kelley found he was able to overcome these sectional differences as a Mason .","With Southern Masons as guides , he toured the war - torn countryside in the South and was appalled by the outdated farming practices .","He saw the need for an organization that would bring people from the North and South together in a spirit of mutual cooperation and , after many letters and consultations with the other founders , the Grange was born .","The first Grange , Grange # 1 , was founded in 1868 in Fredonia , New York .","Seven men and one woman co-founded the Grange : Oliver Hudson Kelley , William Saunders , Francis M. McDowell , John Trimble , Aaron B. Grosh , John R. Thompson , William M. Ireland , and Caroline Hall ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Oliver Kelley toured the war-torn countryside in the South and was appalled by the outdated farming practices.  He saw the need for an organization that would bring people from the North and South together in a spirit of mutual cooperation, the Grange was born. Seven men and one woman co-founded the Grange: Oliver Hudson Kelley, William Saunders, Francis M. McDowell, John Trimble, Aaron B. Grosh, John R. Thompson, William M. Ireland, and Caroline Hall.","selected_sentences":["President Andrew Johnson commissioned Oliver Kelley to go to the Southern states and to collect data to improve Southern agricultural conditions .","With Southern Masons as guides , he toured the war - torn countryside in the South and was appalled by the outdated farming practices .","He saw the need for an organization that would bring people from the North and South together in a spirit of mutual cooperation and , after many letters and consultations with the other founders , the Grange was born .","Seven men and one woman co-founded the Grange : Oliver Hudson Kelley , William Saunders , Francis M. McDowell , John Trimble , Aaron B. Grosh , John R. Thompson , William M. Ireland , and Caroline Hall ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"6590409206079895414","input":"band that got in trouble for lip syncing","passages":[{"title":"Milli Vanilli","text":"Beth McCarthy - Miller , then an executive with MTV , says the duo 's poor English language skills , when they came in for their first interview with the channel , stirred doubts among those present as to whether they had sung on their records . The first public sign that the group was lip - synching came on 21 July 1989 , during a live performance on MTV at the Lake Compounce theme park in Bristol , Connecticut . As they performed , the recording of the song `` Girl You Know It 's True '' jammed and began to skip , repeating the partial line `` Girl , you know it 's ... '' over and over through the speakers . They continued to pretend to sing and dance onstage for a few more moments , then they both ran offstage . According to the episode of VH1 's Behind the Music which profiled Milli Vanilli , Downtown Julie Brown stated that fans attending the concert seemed neither to care , nor even to notice , and the concert continued as if nothing unusual had happened . In a March 1990 issue of Time magazine , Pilatus was quoted proclaiming himself to be `` the new Elvis '' , reasoning that by the duo 's success they were more talented musically than Bob Dylan , Paul McCartney and Mick Jagger . ","sentences":["Beth McCarthy - Miller , then an executive with MTV , says the duo 's poor English language skills , when they came in for their first interview with the channel , stirred doubts among those present as to whether they had sung on their records .","The first public sign that the group was lip - synching came on 21 July 1989 , during a live performance on MTV at the Lake Compounce theme park in Bristol , Connecticut .","As they performed , the recording of the song `` Girl You Know","It 's True '' jammed and began to skip , repeating the partial line `` Girl , you know it 's ... ''","over and over through the speakers .","They continued to pretend to sing and dance onstage for a few more moments , then they both ran offstage .","According to the episode of VH1 's Behind the Music which profiled Milli Vanilli , Downtown Julie Brown stated that fans attending the concert seemed neither to care , nor even to notice , and the concert continued as if nothing unusual had happened .","In a March 1990 issue of Time magazine , Pilatus was quoted proclaiming himself to be `` the new Elvis '' , reasoning that by the duo 's success they were more talented musically than Bob Dylan , Paul McCartney and Mick Jagger ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The first public sign that Milli Vanilli was lip - synching came on 21 July 1989, during a live performance on MTV at the Lake Compounce theme park in Bristol, Connecticut.","selected_sentences":["The first public sign that the group was lip - synching came on 21 July 1989 , during a live performance on MTV at the Lake Compounce theme park in Bristol , Connecticut .","According to the episode of VH1 's Behind the Music which profiled Milli Vanilli , Downtown Julie Brown stated that fans attending the concert seemed neither to care , nor even to notice , and the concert continued as if nothing unusual had happened ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-44395354588652268","input":"who won the battle of the bull run","passages":[{"title":"First Battle of Bull Run","text":"Three months after First Bull Run Union forces suffered another , smaller defeat at the Battle of Ball 's Bluff , near Leesburg , Virginia . The perceived military incompetence at First Bull Run and Ball 's Bluff led to the establishment of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War , a congressional body created to investigate Northern military affairs . Concerning the Battle of First Bull Run , the committee listened to testimony from a variety of witnesses connected with McDowell 's army . Although the committee 's report concluded that the principal cause of defeat was Patterson 's failure to prevent Johnston from reinforcing Beauregard , Patterson 's enlistment had expired a few days after the battle , and he was no longer in the service . The Northern public clamored for another scapegoat , and McDowell bore the chief blame . On 25 July 1861 , he was relieved of army command and replaced by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan , who would soon be named general - in - chief of all the Union armies . McDowell was also present to bear significant blame for the defeat of Maj. Gen. John Pope 's Army of Virginia by Gen. Robert E. Lee 's Army of Northern Virginia thirteen months later , at the Second Battle of Bull Run . ","sentences":["Three months after First Bull Run Union forces suffered another , smaller defeat at the Battle of Ball 's Bluff , near Leesburg , Virginia .","The perceived military incompetence at First Bull Run and Ball 's Bluff led to the establishment of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War , a congressional body created to investigate Northern military affairs .","Concerning the Battle of First Bull Run , the committee listened to testimony from a variety of witnesses connected with McDowell 's army .","Although the committee 's report concluded that the principal cause of defeat was Patterson 's failure to prevent Johnston from reinforcing Beauregard , Patterson 's enlistment had expired a few days after the battle , and he was no longer in the service .","The Northern public clamored for another scapegoat , and McDowell bore the chief blame .","On 25 July 1861 , he was relieved of army command and replaced by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan , who would soon be named general - in - chief of all the Union armies .","McDowell was also present to bear significant blame for the defeat of Maj. Gen. John Pope 's Army of Virginia by Gen. Robert E. Lee 's Army of Northern Virginia thirteen months later , at the Second Battle of Bull Run ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Johnston won the First Bull Run, and Gen. Robert E. Lee 's Army of Northern Virginia won the Second Battle of Bull Run.","selected_sentences":["Although the committee 's report concluded that the principal cause of defeat was Patterson 's failure to prevent Johnston from reinforcing Beauregard , Patterson 's enlistment had expired a few days after the battle , and he was no longer in the service .","McDowell was also present to bear significant blame for the defeat of Maj. Gen. John Pope 's Army of Virginia by Gen. Robert E. Lee 's Army of Northern Virginia thirteen months later , at the Second Battle of Bull Run ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Gen. Robert E. Lee 's Army of Northern Virginia won the Second Battle of Bull Run against Maj. Gen. John Pope's Army of Virginia.","selected_sentences":["Although the committee 's report concluded that the principal cause of defeat was Patterson 's failure to prevent Johnston from reinforcing Beauregard , Patterson 's enlistment had expired a few days after the battle , and he was no longer in the service .","McDowell was also present to bear significant blame for the defeat of Maj. Gen. John Pope 's Army of Virginia by Gen. Robert E. Lee 's Army of Northern Virginia thirteen months later , at the Second Battle of Bull Run ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46954475],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"NA","selected_sentences":["Although the committee 's report concluded that the principal cause of defeat was Patterson 's failure to prevent Johnston from reinforcing Beauregard , Patterson 's enlistment had expired a few days after the battle , and he was no longer in the service .","McDowell was also present to bear significant blame for the defeat of Maj. Gen. John Pope 's Army of Virginia by Gen. Robert E. Lee 's Army of Northern Virginia thirteen months later , at the Second Battle of Bull Run ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46092070],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"NA","selected_sentences":["Although the committee 's report concluded that the principal cause of defeat was Patterson 's failure to prevent Johnston from reinforcing Beauregard , Patterson 's enlistment had expired a few days after the battle , and he was no longer in the service .","McDowell was also present to bear significant blame for the defeat of Maj. Gen. John Pope 's Army of Virginia by Gen. Robert E. Lee 's Army of Northern Virginia thirteen months later , at the Second Battle of Bull Run ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"NA","selected_sentences":["Although the committee 's report concluded that the principal cause of defeat was Patterson 's failure to prevent Johnston from reinforcing Beauregard , Patterson 's enlistment had expired a few days after the battle , and he was no longer in the service .","McDowell was also present to bear significant blame for the defeat of Maj. Gen. John Pope 's Army of Virginia by Gen. Robert E. Lee 's Army of Northern Virginia thirteen months later , at the Second Battle of Bull Run ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"NA","selected_sentences":["Although the committee 's report concluded that the principal cause of defeat was Patterson 's failure to prevent Johnston from reinforcing Beauregard , Patterson 's enlistment had expired a few days after the battle , and he was no longer in the service .","McDowell was also present to bear significant blame for the defeat of Maj. Gen. John Pope 's Army of Virginia by Gen. Robert E. Lee 's Army of Northern Virginia thirteen months later , at the Second Battle of Bull Run ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"NA","selected_sentences":["Although the committee 's report concluded that the principal cause of defeat was Patterson 's failure to prevent Johnston from reinforcing Beauregard , Patterson 's enlistment had expired a few days after the battle , and he was no longer in the service .","McDowell was also present to bear significant blame for the defeat of Maj. Gen. John Pope 's Army of Virginia by Gen. Robert E. Lee 's Army of Northern Virginia thirteen months later , at the Second Battle of Bull Run ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-4084391713873607156","input":"what does the democratic republic of congo flag represent","passages":[{"title":"Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo","text":"The national flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is a sky blue flag , adorned with a yellow star in the upper left canton and cut diagonally by a red stripe with a yellow fimbriation . It was adopted on 20 February 2006 . A new constitution , ratified in December 2005 and which came into effect in February 2006 , promoted a return to a flag similar to that flown between 1963 and 1971 , with a change from a royal blue to sky blue background . Blue represents peace . Red stands for `` the blood of the country 's martyrs '' , yellow the country 's wealth ; and the star a radiant future for the country . ( subscription required ) ","sentences":["The national flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is a sky blue flag , adorned with a yellow star in the upper left canton and cut diagonally by a red stripe with a yellow fimbriation .","It was adopted on 20 February 2006 .","A new constitution , ratified in December 2005 and which came into effect in February 2006 , promoted a return to a flag similar to that flown between 1963 and 1971 , with a change from a royal blue to sky blue background .","Blue represents peace .","Red stands for `` the blood of the country 's martyrs '' , yellow the country 's wealth ; and the star a radiant future for the country .","( subscription required )"]}],"output":[{"answer":"The national flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo represents blue for peace, red for `` the blood of the country 's martyrs '' , yellow for the country 's wealth ; and a star for a radiant future for the country .","selected_sentences":["The national flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is a sky blue flag , adorned with a yellow star in the upper left canton and cut diagonally by a red stripe with a yellow fimbriation .","Blue represents peace .","Red stands for `` the blood of the country 's martyrs '' , yellow the country 's wealth ; and the star a radiant future for the country ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-5388425724260292071","input":"song it's now or never by elvis presley","passages":[{"title":"It's Now or Never (song)","text":"`` It 's Now or Never '' is a ballad recorded by Elvis Presley in 1960 . It is one of two popular songs based on the Italian song of Neapolitan language `` ' O Sole mio '' ( music by Eduardo di Capua ) , the other being `` There 's No Tomorrow '' , recorded by U.S. singer Tony Martin in 1949 , which inspired Presley 's version . The lyrics were written by Aaron Schroeder and Wally Gold . The single is the second best - selling single by Presley , and one of the best - selling singles of all time . It was recorded by Bill Porter at RCA Studio B in Nashville . ","sentences":["`` It 's Now or Never '' is a ballad recorded by Elvis Presley in 1960 .","It is one of two popular songs based on the Italian song of Neapolitan language `` ' O Sole mio '' ( music by Eduardo di Capua ) , the other being `` There 's No Tomorrow '' , recorded by U.S. singer Tony Martin in 1949 , which inspired Presley 's version .","The lyrics were written by Aaron Schroeder and Wally Gold .","The single is the second best - selling single by Presley , and one of the best - selling singles of all time .","It was recorded by Bill Porter at RCA Studio B in Nashville ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"`` It 's Now or Never '' is a ballad recorded by Elvis Presley in 1960 .\r\n The single is the second best - selling single by Presley , and one of the best - selling singles of all time .","selected_sentences":["`` It 's Now or Never '' is a ballad recorded by Elvis Presley in 1960 .","The single is the second best - selling single by Presley , and one of the best - selling singles of all time ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"","selected_sentences":[],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":true,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-2264134242434198326","input":"who trained the continental army at valley forge","passages":[{"title":"Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben","text":"The Baron , his Italian greyhound , Azor ( which he took with him everywhere ) , his young aide de camp Louis de Ponti\u00e8re , his military secretary , Peter Stephen Du Ponceau ( then called Pierre Etienne Du Ponceau ) , and two other companions , reached Portsmouth , New Hampshire on December 1 , 1777 , where they were almost arrested for being British because Steuben had mistakenly outfitted them in red uniforms . They were extravagantly entertained in Boston . On February 5 , 1778 Steuben and his party arrived in York , Pennsylvania , where the Continental Congress had relocated after being ousted from Philadelphia by the British advance . Arrangements were made for Steuben to be paid following the successful completion of the war according to his contributions . He arrived at Valley Forge on February 23 , 1778 , and reported for duty as a volunteer . One soldier 's first impression of the Baron was `` of the ancient fabled God of War ... he seemed to me a perfect personification of Mars . The trappings of his horse , the enormous holsters of his pistols , his large size , and his strikingly martial aspect , all seemed to favor the idea . He turned the volunteers into a great army '' ","sentences":["The Baron , his Italian greyhound , Azor ( which he took with him everywhere ) , his young aide de camp Louis de Ponti\u00e8re , his military secretary , Peter Stephen Du Ponceau ( then called Pierre Etienne Du Ponceau ) , and two other companions , reached Portsmouth , New Hampshire on December 1 , 1777 , where they were almost arrested for being British because Steuben had mistakenly outfitted them in red uniforms .","They were extravagantly entertained in Boston .","On February 5 , 1778 Steuben and his party arrived in York , Pennsylvania , where the Continental Congress had relocated after being ousted from Philadelphia by the British advance .","Arrangements were made for Steuben to be paid following the successful completion of the war according to his contributions .","He arrived at Valley Forge on February 23 , 1778 , and reported for duty as a volunteer .","One soldier 's first impression of the Baron was `` of the ancient fabled God of War ...","he seemed to me a perfect personification of Mars .","The trappings of his horse , the enormous holsters of his pistols , his large size , and his strikingly martial aspect , all seemed to favor the idea .","He turned the volunteers into a great army ''"]}],"output":[{"answer":"Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben arrived at Valley Forge on February 23 , 1778 , and reported for duty as a volunteer.\r\n He turned the volunteers into a great army ''","selected_sentences":["He arrived at Valley Forge on February 23 , 1778 , and reported for duty as a volunteer .","He turned the volunteers into a great army ''"],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-8064518353303370644","input":"what is the primary function of the outer ear","passages":[{"title":"Ear","text":"Sound that travels through the outer ear impacts on the eardrum , and causes it to vibrate . The three ossicles bones transmit this sound to a second window ( the oval window ) which protects the fluid - filled inner ear . In detail , the pinna of the outer ear helps to focus a sound , which impacts on the eardrum . The malleus rests on the membrane , and receives the vibration . This vibration is transmitted along the incus and stapes to the oval window . Two small muscles , the tensor tympani and stapedius , also help modulate noise . The two muscles reflexively contract to dampen excessive vibrations . Vibration of the oval window causes vibration of the endolymph within the vestibule and the cochlea . ","sentences":["Sound that travels through the outer ear impacts on the eardrum , and causes it to vibrate .","The three ossicles bones transmit this sound to a second window ( the oval window ) which protects the fluid - filled inner ear .","In detail , the pinna of the outer ear helps to focus a sound , which impacts on the eardrum .","The malleus rests on the membrane , and receives the vibration .","This vibration is transmitted along the incus and stapes to the oval window .","Two small muscles , the tensor tympani and stapedius , also help modulate noise .","The two muscles reflexively contract to dampen excessive vibrations .","Vibration of the oval window causes vibration of the endolymph within the vestibule and the cochlea ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Sound that travels through the outer ear impacts on the eardrum, and causes it to vibrate.  In detail, the pinna of the outer ear helps to focus a sound, which impacts on the eardrum.","selected_sentences":["Sound that travels through the outer ear impacts on the eardrum , and causes it to vibrate .","In detail , the pinna of the outer ear helps to focus a sound , which impacts on the eardrum ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"2445255975430036163","input":"when was the first vaccine for diphtheria invented","passages":[{"title":"Diphtheria","text":"Between 1910 and 1911 , B\u00e9la Schick developed the Schick test to detect pre-existing immunity to diphtheria in an exposed person . Only those who were not exposed to diphtheria were preferably vaccinated . A massive , five - year campaign was coordinated by Dr. Schick . As a part of the campaign , 85 million pieces of literature were distributed by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company with an appeal to parents to `` Save your child from diphtheria . '' A vaccine was developed in the next decade , and deaths began declining significantly in 1924 . A ","sentences":["Between 1910 and 1911 , B\u00e9la Schick developed the Schick test to detect pre-existing immunity to diphtheria in an exposed person .","Only those who were not exposed to diphtheria were preferably vaccinated .","A massive , five - year campaign was coordinated by Dr. Schick .","As a part of the campaign , 85 million pieces of literature were distributed by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company with an appeal to parents to `` Save your child from diphtheria . ''","A vaccine was developed in the next decade , and deaths began declining significantly in 1924 .","A"]}],"output":[{"answer":"Between 1910 and 1911 , B\u00e9la Schick developed the Schick test to detect pre-existing immunity to diphtheria in an exposed person. A vaccine was developed in the next decade.","selected_sentences":["Between 1910 and 1911 , B\u00e9la Schick developed the Schick test to detect pre-existing immunity to diphtheria in an exposed person .","A vaccine was developed in the next decade , and deaths began declining significantly in 1924 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-3923468409561071009","input":"where are negative numbers used in real life","passages":[{"title":"Negative number","text":"In mathematics , a negative number is a real number that is less than zero . Negative numbers represent opposites . If positive represents a movement to the right , negative represents a movement to the left . If positive represents above sea level , then negative represents below sea level . If positive represents a deposit , negative represents a withdrawal . They are often used to represent the magnitude of a loss or deficiency . A debt that is owed may be thought of as a negative asset , a decrease in some quantity may be thought of as a negative increase . If a quantity may have either of two opposite senses , then one may choose to distinguish between those senses -- perhaps arbitrarily -- as positive and negative . In the medical context of fighting a tumor , an expansion could be thought of as a negative shrinkage . Negative numbers are used to describe values on a scale that goes below zero , such as the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales for temperature . The laws of arithmetic for negative numbers ensure that the common sense idea of an opposite is reflected in arithmetic . For example , \u2212 ( \u2212 3 ) = 3 because the opposite of an opposite is the original thing . ","sentences":["In mathematics , a negative number is a real number that is less than zero .","Negative numbers represent opposites .","If positive represents a movement to the right , negative represents a movement to the left .","If positive represents above sea level , then negative represents below sea level .","If positive represents a deposit , negative represents a withdrawal .","They are often used to represent the magnitude of a loss or deficiency .","A debt that is owed may be thought of as a negative asset , a decrease in some quantity may be thought of as a negative increase .","If a quantity may have either of two opposite senses , then one may choose to distinguish between those senses -- perhaps arbitrarily -- as positive and negative .","In the medical context of fighting a tumor , an expansion could be thought of as a negative shrinkage .","Negative numbers are used to describe values on a scale that goes below zero , such as the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales for temperature .","The laws of arithmetic for negative numbers ensure that the common sense idea of an opposite is reflected in arithmetic .","For example , \u2212 ( \u2212 3 ) = 3 because the opposite of an opposite is the original thing ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"In real life, negative numbers represent opposites. For example, if moving to the right represents positive, negative represent moving to the left, if above sea level is positive, then below sea level is negative, and if a deposit is positive, then a withdrawal is negative. An expansion could be though of as a negative shrinkage in the medical field. Negative often represents the magnitude of a loss or deficiency, so a debt can be a negative asset. Negative also represents values on a scale that are below zero.","selected_sentences":["Negative numbers represent opposites .","If positive represents a movement to the right , negative represents a movement to the left .","If positive represents above sea level , then negative represents below sea level .","If positive represents a deposit , negative represents a withdrawal .","They are often used to represent the magnitude of a loss or deficiency .","A debt that is owed may be thought of as a negative asset , a decrease in some quantity may be thought of as a negative increase .","In the medical context of fighting a tumor , an expansion could be thought of as a negative shrinkage .","Negative numbers are used to describe values on a scale that goes below zero , such as the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales for temperature ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"In real life, negative numbers represent opposites. Negative numbers are used to describe values on a scale that goes below zero , such as the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales for temperature .","selected_sentences":["Negative numbers represent opposites .","If positive represents a movement to the right , negative represents a movement to the left .","If positive represents above sea level , then negative represents below sea level .","If positive represents a deposit , negative represents a withdrawal .","They are often used to represent the magnitude of a loss or deficiency .","A debt that is owed may be thought of as a negative asset , a decrease in some quantity may be thought of as a negative increase .","In the medical context of fighting a tumor , an expansion could be thought of as a negative shrinkage .","Negative numbers are used to describe values on a scale that goes below zero , such as the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales for temperature ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-823486921735600719","input":"what is the highest mountain peak in hawaii","passages":[{"title":"Mauna Kea","text":"Mauna Kea ( \/ \u02ccm\u0254\u02d0n\u0259 \u02c8ke\u026a. \u0259 \/ or \/ \u02ccma\u028an\u0259 \u02c8ke\u026a. \u0259 \/ , Hawaiian : ( \u02c8m\u0250wn\u0259 \u02c8k\u025bj\u0259 ) ) , is a dormant volcano on the island of Hawaii . Standing 4,207 m ( 13,802 ft ) above sea level , its peak is the highest point in the state of Hawaii . Much of the mountain is under water ; when measured from its oceanic base , Mauna Kea is over 10,000 m ( 33,000 ft ) tall and is the tallest mountain on Earth . Mauna Kea is about a million years old , and has thus passed the most active shield stage of life hundreds of thousands of years ago . In its current post-shield state , its lava is more viscous , resulting in a steeper profile . Late volcanism has also given it a much rougher appearance than its neighboring volcanoes ; contributing factors include the construction of cinder cones , the decentralization of its rift zones , the glaciation on its peak , and the weathering effects of the prevailing trade winds . Mauna Kea last erupted 6,000 to 4,000 years ago and is now considered dormant . ","sentences":["Mauna Kea ( \/ \u02ccm\u0254\u02d0n\u0259 \u02c8ke\u026a.","\u0259 \/ or \/ \u02ccma\u028an\u0259 \u02c8ke\u026a.","\u0259 \/ , Hawaiian : ( \u02c8m\u0250wn\u0259 \u02c8k\u025bj\u0259 ) ) , is a dormant volcano on the island of Hawaii .","Standing 4,207 m ( 13,802 ft ) above sea level , its peak is the highest point in the state of Hawaii .","Much of the mountain is under water ; when measured from its oceanic base , Mauna Kea is over 10,000 m ( 33,000 ft ) tall and is the tallest mountain on Earth .","Mauna Kea is about a million years old , and has thus passed the most active shield stage of life hundreds of thousands of years ago .","In its current post-shield state , its lava is more viscous , resulting in a steeper profile .","Late volcanism has also given it a much rougher appearance than its neighboring volcanoes ; contributing factors include the construction of cinder cones , the decentralization of its rift zones , the glaciation on its peak , and the weathering effects of the prevailing trade winds .","Mauna Kea last erupted 6,000 to 4,000 years ago and is now considered dormant ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Mauna Kea is the highest mountain peak in the state of Hawaii .","selected_sentences":["Mauna Kea ( \/ \u02ccm\u0254\u02d0n\u0259 \u02c8ke\u026a.","Standing 4,207 m ( 13,802 ft ) above sea level , its peak is the highest point in the state of Hawaii .","Much of the mountain is under water ; when measured from its oceanic base , Mauna Kea is over 10,000 m ( 33,000 ft ) tall and is the tallest mountain on Earth ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-377486257678277508","input":"what is aws and what services are provided","passages":[{"title":"Amazon Web Services","text":"Amazon Web Services ( AWS ) is a subsidiary of Amazon.com that provides on - demand cloud computing platforms to individuals , companies and governments , on a paid subscription basis . The technology allows subscribers to have at their disposal a virtual cluster of computers , available all the time , through the Internet . AWS 's version of virtual computers emulate most of the attributes of a real computer including hardware ( CPU ( s ) & GPU ( s ) for processing , local \/ RAM memory , hard - disk \/ SSD storage ) ; a choice of operating systems ; networking ; and pre-loaded application software such as web servers , databases , CRM , etc . Each AWS system also virtualizes its console I \/ O ( keyboard , display , and mouse ) , allowing AWS subscribers to connect to their AWS system using a modern browser . The browser acts as a window into the virtual computer , letting subscribers log - in , configure and use their virtual systems just as they would a real physical computer . They can choose to deploy their AWS systems to provide internet - based services for themselves and their customers . ","sentences":["Amazon Web Services ( AWS ) is a subsidiary of Amazon.com that provides on - demand cloud computing platforms to individuals , companies and governments , on a paid subscription basis .","The technology allows subscribers to have at their disposal a virtual cluster of computers , available all the time , through the Internet .","AWS 's version of virtual computers emulate most of the attributes of a real computer including hardware ( CPU ( s ) & GPU ( s ) for processing , local \/ RAM memory , hard - disk \/ SSD storage ) ; a choice of operating systems ; networking ; and pre-loaded application software such as web servers , databases , CRM , etc .","Each AWS system also virtualizes its console I \/ O ( keyboard , display , and mouse ) , allowing AWS subscribers to connect to their AWS system using a modern browser .","The browser acts as a window into the virtual computer , letting subscribers log - in , configure and use their virtual systems just as they would a real physical computer .","They can choose to deploy their AWS systems to provide internet - based services for themselves and their customers ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Amazon Web Services ( AWS ) is a subsidiary of Amazon.com which provides on - demand cloud computing platforms to individuals , companies and governments , on a paid subscription basis .\r\nThe browser acts as a window into the virtual computer , letting subscribers log - in , configure and use their virtual systems just as they would a real physical computer .","selected_sentences":["Amazon Web Services ( AWS ) is a subsidiary of Amazon.com that provides on - demand cloud computing platforms to individuals , companies and governments , on a paid subscription basis .","The browser acts as a window into the virtual computer , letting subscribers log - in , configure and use their virtual systems just as they would a real physical computer ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"AWS, or Amazon Web Services, is a subsidiary of Amazon.com that provides on - demand cloud computing platforms, which include a virtual cluster of computers with all computer attributes such as CPU, GPU, RAM, SSD, OS, networking, applications, in addition to virtual system console, e.g. keyboard, display and mouse, to individuals , companies and governments , on a paid subscription basis. AWS can be deployed to provide internet-based services for subscribers and their customers.","selected_sentences":["Amazon Web Services ( AWS ) is a subsidiary of Amazon.com that provides on - demand cloud computing platforms to individuals , companies and governments , on a paid subscription basis .","The technology allows subscribers to have at their disposal a virtual cluster of computers , available all the time , through the Internet .","AWS 's version of virtual computers emulate most of the attributes of a real computer including hardware ( CPU ( s ) & GPU ( s ) for processing , local \/ RAM memory , hard - disk \/ SSD storage ) ; a choice of operating systems ; networking ; and pre-loaded application software such as web servers , databases , CRM , etc .","Each AWS system also virtualizes its console I \/ O ( keyboard , display , and mouse ) , allowing AWS subscribers to connect to their AWS system using a modern browser ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"5252049419884102420","input":"what was the movie fried green tomatoes about","passages":[{"title":"Fried Green Tomatoes","text":"Fried Green Tomatoes is a 1991 comedy - drama film based on the novel Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe by Fannie Flagg . Directed by Jon Avnet and written by Flagg and Carol Sobieski , it stars Kathy Bates , Jessica Tandy , Mary Stuart Masterson , and Mary - Louise Parker . It tells the story of a Depression - era friendship between two women , Ruth and Idgie , and a 1980s friendship between Evelyn , a middle - aged housewife , and Ninny , an elderly woman . The centerpiece and parallel story concerns the murder of Ruth 's abusive husband , Frank , and the accusations that follow . It received a generally positive reception from film critics and was nominated for two Academy Awards . ","sentences":["Fried Green Tomatoes is a 1991 comedy - drama film based on the novel Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe by Fannie Flagg .","Directed by Jon Avnet and written by Flagg and Carol Sobieski , it stars Kathy Bates , Jessica Tandy , Mary Stuart Masterson , and Mary - Louise Parker .","It tells the story of a Depression - era friendship between two women , Ruth and Idgie , and a 1980s friendship between Evelyn , a middle - aged housewife , and Ninny , an elderly woman .","The centerpiece and parallel story concerns the murder of Ruth 's abusive husband , Frank , and the accusations that follow .","It received a generally positive reception from film critics and was nominated for two Academy Awards ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Fried Green Tomatoes is a 1991 comedy - drama film based on the novel Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe by Fannie Flagg. It tells the story of a Depression - era friendship between two women , Ruth and Idgie , and a 1980s friendship between Evelyn , a middle - aged housewife , and Ninny , an elderly woman. The centerpiece and parallel story concerns the murder of Ruth 's abusive husband , Frank , and the accusations that follow.","selected_sentences":["Fried Green Tomatoes is a 1991 comedy - drama film based on the novel Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe by Fannie Flagg .","It tells the story of a Depression - era friendship between two women , Ruth and Idgie , and a 1980s friendship between Evelyn , a middle - aged housewife , and Ninny , an elderly woman .","The centerpiece and parallel story concerns the murder of Ruth 's abusive husband , Frank , and the accusations that follow ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"3998102536607710960","input":"where does the royal family of england get their income","passages":[{"title":"Finances of the British royal family","text":"The finances of the British royal family come from a number of sources . The UK Parliament supports the monarch and other members of the royal household financially by means of the Sovereign Grant , a percentage of the annual profits of the Crown Estate which is intended to meet the costs of the sovereign 's official expenditures . This includes the costs of the upkeep of the various royal residences , staffing , travel and state visits , public engagements , and official entertainment . Other sources of income include revenues from the Duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall , a parliamentary annuity , and income from private investments . The Keeper of the Privy Purse is Head of the Privy Purse and Treasurer 's Office and has overall responsibility for the management of the sovereign 's financial affairs . ","sentences":["The finances of the British royal family come from a number of sources .","The UK Parliament supports the monarch and other members of the royal household financially by means of the Sovereign Grant , a percentage of the annual profits of the Crown Estate which is intended to meet the costs of the sovereign 's official expenditures .","This includes the costs of the upkeep of the various royal residences , staffing , travel and state visits , public engagements , and official entertainment .","Other sources of income include revenues from the Duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall , a parliamentary annuity , and income from private investments .","The Keeper of the Privy Purse is Head of the Privy Purse and Treasurer 's Office and has overall responsibility for the management of the sovereign 's financial affairs ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The royal family of England get their income from a number of sources, including the Sovereign Grant from the UK Parliament, which is a percentage of the annual profits of the Crown Estate, revenues from the Duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall , a parliamentary annuity , and income from private investments .","selected_sentences":["The finances of the British royal family come from a number of sources .","The UK Parliament supports the monarch and other members of the royal household financially by means of the Sovereign Grant , a percentage of the annual profits of the Crown Estate which is intended to meet the costs of the sovereign 's official expenditures .","Other sources of income include revenues from the Duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall , a parliamentary annuity , and income from private investments ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"4124855109584689671","input":"what happens to eric northman in true blood","passages":[{"title":"Eric Northman","text":"In Season 7 , Pam tracks down Eric , who somehow avoided meeting the true death . However , he has been infected with the Hepatitis V virus . After learning that Sarah Newlin is still alive , he and Pam decide to go after her . Eric and Pam soon learn that Newlin drank the antidote and it permeated her body , making Sarah a living antidote for Hep V. They are forced to work with Yakuza ninjas from the Yakanomo Corporation ( the company which originally made True Blood ) in order to find her , but neither party trusts the other . Upon capturing Sarah , Eric drinks her blood and rids himself of the Hep V virus . Learning that Bill is dying , Eric secretly reveals the cure ( contrary to the Yakuza 's wishes ) to Sookie and offers to heal Bill , despite their long rivalry ; he is stunned when Bill refuses . However , after talking with Bill he understands his motives and tells Sookie to talk with him , making his final peace with both Bill and Sookie . Eric and Pam later kill all of the Yakuza members that want to use Newlin to make a new food source for vampires . By the end of the series , they are running a multibillion - dollar corporation called New Blood , derived from Sarah Newlin 's blood , which is both a new vampire food source and a universal cure for Hep V. Eric and Pam tell the world that Sarah got away from them , but they found a drop of her blood to make New Blood with , and thereby save every infected vampire in the world . In actuality , they are keeping Sarah chained in the basement at Fangtasia , and charging vampires small fortunes to feed on her , as she slowly goes insane . All the while , Eric sits on his throne on the Fangtasia stage , relishing his accomplishments . ","sentences":["In Season 7 , Pam tracks down Eric , who somehow avoided meeting the true death .","However , he has been infected with the Hepatitis V virus .","After learning that Sarah Newlin is still alive , he and Pam decide to go after her .","Eric and Pam soon learn that Newlin drank the antidote and it permeated her body , making Sarah a living antidote for Hep V. They are forced to work with Yakuza ninjas from the Yakanomo Corporation ( the company which originally made True Blood ) in order to find her , but neither party trusts the other .","Upon capturing Sarah , Eric drinks her blood and rids himself of the Hep V virus .","Learning that Bill is dying , Eric secretly reveals the cure ( contrary to the Yakuza 's wishes ) to Sookie and offers to heal Bill , despite their long rivalry ; he is stunned when Bill refuses .","However , after talking with Bill he understands his motives and tells Sookie to talk with him , making his final peace with both Bill and Sookie .","Eric and Pam later kill all of the Yakuza members that want to use Newlin to make a new food source for vampires .","By the end of the series , they are running a multibillion - dollar corporation called New Blood , derived from Sarah Newlin 's blood , which is both a new vampire food source and a universal cure for Hep V. Eric and Pam tell the world that Sarah got away from them , but they found a drop of her blood to make New Blood with , and thereby save every infected vampire in the world .","In actuality , they are keeping Sarah chained in the basement at Fangtasia , and charging vampires small fortunes to feed on her , as she slowly goes insane .","All the while , Eric sits on his throne on the Fangtasia stage , relishing his accomplishments ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Eric somehow avoided meeting the true death, however, he has been infected with the Hepatitis V virus.  After learning that Sarah Newlin is still alive, he and Pam decide to go after her.  Upon capturing Sarah, Eric drinks her blood and rids himself of the Hep V virus.  Eric and Pam later kill all of the Yakuza members that want to use Newlin to make a new food source for vampires.  By the end of the series, they are running a multibillion-dollar corporation called New Blood, derived from Sarah Newlin's blood, which is both a new vampire food source and a universal cure for Hep V.   Eric and Pam tell the world that Sarah got away from them, but they found a drop of her blood to make New Blood with, and thereby save every infected vampire in the world.   In actuality, they are keeping Sarah chained in the basement at Fangtasia, and charging vampires small fortunes to feed on her, as she slowly goes insane.   All the while, Eric sits on his throne on the Fangtasia stage, relishing his accomplishments.","selected_sentences":["In Season 7 , Pam tracks down Eric , who somehow avoided meeting the true death .","However , he has been infected with the Hepatitis V virus .","After learning that Sarah Newlin is still alive , he and Pam decide to go after her .","Upon capturing Sarah , Eric drinks her blood and rids himself of the Hep V virus .","Eric and Pam later kill all of the Yakuza members that want to use Newlin to make a new food source for vampires .","By the end of the series , they are running a multibillion - dollar corporation called New Blood , derived from Sarah Newlin 's blood , which is both a new vampire food source and a universal cure for Hep V. Eric and Pam tell the world that Sarah got away from them , but they found a drop of her blood to make New Blood with , and thereby save every infected vampire in the world .","In actuality , they are keeping Sarah chained in the basement at Fangtasia , and charging vampires small fortunes to feed on her , as she slowly goes insane .","All the while , Eric sits on his throne on the Fangtasia stage , relishing his accomplishments ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Eric Northman was infected with the Hepatitis V virus. He drank Sarah's blood and rid himself of the virus after learning that she was a living antidote for Hep V. After learning that Sarah Newlin is still alive , he and Pam decide to go after her. He and Pam ran a multibillion-dollar corporation called New Blood, through which they planned to save every infected vampire in the world .","selected_sentences":["However , he has been infected with the Hepatitis V virus .","After learning that Sarah Newlin is still alive , he and Pam decide to go after her .","Eric and Pam soon learn that Newlin drank the antidote and it permeated her body , making Sarah a living antidote for Hep V. They are forced to work with Yakuza ninjas from the Yakanomo Corporation ( the company which originally made True Blood ) in order to find her , but neither party trusts the other .","Upon capturing Sarah , Eric drinks her blood and rids himself of the Hep V virus .","Eric and Pam later kill all of the Yakuza members that want to use Newlin to make a new food source for vampires .","By the end of the series , they are running a multibillion - dollar corporation called New Blood , derived from Sarah Newlin 's blood , which is both a new vampire food source and a universal cure for Hep V. Eric and Pam tell the world that Sarah got away from them , but they found a drop of her blood to make New Blood with , and thereby save every infected vampire in the world ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-2019831316732191172","input":"where is the tv show the ozarks filmed","passages":[{"title":"Ozark (TV series)","text":"The show is set at a modest waterfront resort at Lake of the Ozarks , inspired by the Alhonna Resort and Marina where series creator Dubuque worked as a dock hand while attending school in Missouri during the 1980s . Most of the shooting locations are in the Atlanta area at Lake Allatoona and Lake Lanier , rather than at the Lake of the Ozarks , because of tax breaks offered by the State of Georgia . The film crew constructed a set in Georgia after extensively studying the Alhonna Resort property . Some scenes are filmed at Chicago locations . Only a few scenes from the pilot were shot in the actual city of Lake Ozark , Missouri , which include shots of the locally famous `` Welcome To Lake Of the Ozarks '' sign and the `` Injun Joe Muffler Man '' statue . The series was renewed for a 10 - episode second season on August 15 , 2017 . ","sentences":["The show is set at a modest waterfront resort at Lake of the Ozarks , inspired by the Alhonna Resort and Marina where series creator Dubuque worked as a dock hand while attending school in Missouri during the 1980s .","Most of the shooting locations are in the Atlanta area at Lake Allatoona and Lake Lanier , rather than at the Lake of the Ozarks , because of tax breaks offered by the State of Georgia .","The film crew constructed a set in Georgia after extensively studying the Alhonna Resort property .","Some scenes are filmed at Chicago locations .","Only a few scenes from the pilot were shot in the actual city of Lake Ozark , Missouri , which include shots of the locally famous `` Welcome To Lake Of the Ozarks '' sign and the `` Injun Joe Muffler Man '' statue .","The series was renewed for a 10 - episode second season on August 15 , 2017 ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Only a few scenes for the pilot of Ozark the TV series were shot in the actual city of Lake Ozark , Missouri, most of the shooting locations were in the Atlanta area at Lake Allatoona and Lake Lanier, also some scenes were filmed at Chicago locations.","selected_sentences":["Most of the shooting locations are in the Atlanta area at Lake Allatoona and Lake Lanier , rather than at the Lake of the Ozarks , because of tax breaks offered by the State of Georgia .","Some scenes are filmed at Chicago locations .","Only a few scenes from the pilot were shot in the actual city of Lake Ozark , Missouri , which include shots of the locally famous `` Welcome To Lake Of the Ozarks '' sign and the `` Injun Joe Muffler Man '' statue ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Most of Ozark the shooting locations are in the Atlanta area at Lake Allatoona and Lake Lanier. The film crew constructed a set in Georgia. Some scenes are filmed at Chicago locations . Only a few scenes from the pilot were shot in the actual city of Lake Ozark , Missouri.","selected_sentences":["Most of the shooting locations are in the Atlanta area at Lake Allatoona and Lake Lanier , rather than at the Lake of the Ozarks , because of tax breaks offered by the State of Georgia .","The film crew constructed a set in Georgia after extensively studying the Alhonna Resort property .","Some scenes are filmed at Chicago locations .","Only a few scenes from the pilot were shot in the actual city of Lake Ozark , Missouri , which include shots of the locally famous `` Welcome To Lake Of the Ozarks '' sign and the `` Injun Joe Muffler Man '' statue ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-4209352084651040508","input":"where do the clicks in south african languages come from","passages":[{"title":"Xhosa language","text":"Xhosa ( English : \/ \u02c8k\u0254\u02d0s\u0259 \/ or \/ \u02c8ko\u028as\u0259 \/ ; Xhosa : isiXhosa ( isik\u01c1h\u0254\u0301\u02d0sa ) ) is a Nguni Bantu language with click consonants ( `` Xhosa '' begins with a click ) and one of the official languages of South Africa . Although not widely spoken there , it is also an official language of Zimbabwe . `` Xhosa is spoken as a first language by 8.2 million people and by 11 million as a second language in South Africa , mostly in Eastern Cape Province . Total number of users in all countries is 19.2 million ( Ethnologue ) '' . Like most other Bantu languages , Xhosa is a tonal language ; the same sequence of consonants and vowels can have different meanings , depending on intonation . Xhosa has two tones : high and low . ","sentences":["Xhosa ( English : \/ \u02c8k\u0254\u02d0s\u0259 \/ or \/ \u02c8ko\u028as\u0259 \/ ; Xhosa : isiXhosa ( isik\u01c1h\u0254\u0301\u02d0sa ) ) is a Nguni Bantu language with click consonants ( `` Xhosa '' begins with a click ) and one of the official languages of South Africa .","Although not widely spoken there , it is also an official language of Zimbabwe .","`` Xhosa is spoken as a first language by 8.2 million people and by 11 million as a second language in South Africa , mostly in Eastern Cape Province .","Total number of users in all countries is 19.2 million ( Ethnologue ) '' .","Like most other Bantu languages , Xhosa is a tonal language ; the same sequence of consonants and vowels can have different meanings , depending on intonation .","Xhosa has two tones : high and low ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Xhosa is a Nguni Bantu language with click consonants. It is a tonal language ; the same sequence of consonants and vowels can have different meanings , depending on intonation .","selected_sentences":["Xhosa ( English : \/ \u02c8k\u0254\u02d0s\u0259 \/ or \/ \u02c8ko\u028as\u0259 \/ ; Xhosa : isiXhosa ( isik\u01c1h\u0254\u0301\u02d0sa ) ) is a Nguni Bantu language with click consonants ( `` Xhosa '' begins with a click ) and one of the official languages of South Africa .","Like most other Bantu languages , Xhosa is a tonal language ; the same sequence of consonants and vowels can have different meanings , depending on intonation ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"South African languages are tonal languages, where the same sequence of consonants and vowels can have different meanings, depending on intonation. These languages are known to have click consonants, which are behind the clicks.","selected_sentences":["Xhosa ( English : \/ \u02c8k\u0254\u02d0s\u0259 \/ or \/ \u02c8ko\u028as\u0259 \/ ; Xhosa : isiXhosa ( isik\u01c1h\u0254\u0301\u02d0sa ) ) is a Nguni Bantu language with click consonants ( `` Xhosa '' begins with a click ) and one of the official languages of South Africa .","Like most other Bantu languages , Xhosa is a tonal language ; the same sequence of consonants and vowels can have different meanings , depending on intonation ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-1376092079019440468","input":"when was the trade embargo placed on cuba","passages":[{"title":"United States embargo against Cuba","text":"The United States embargo against Cuba ( in Cuba called el bloqueo , `` the blockade '' ) is a commercial , economic , and financial embargo imposed by the United States on Cuba . An embargo was first imposed by the United States on sale of arms to Cuba on March 14 , 1958 , during the Fulgencio Batista regime . Again on October 19 , 1960 ( almost two years after the Batista regime was deposed by the Cuban Revolution ) the U.S. placed an embargo on exports to Cuba except for food and medicine after Cuba nationalized American - owned Cuban oil refineries without compensation . On February 7 , 1962 the embargo was extended to include almost all imports . Currently , the Cuban embargo is enforced mainly through six statutes : the Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917 , the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 , the Cuban Assets Control Regulations of 1963 , the Cuban Democracy Act of 1992 , the Helms -- Burton Act of 1996 , and the Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act of 2000 . The stated purpose of the Cuban Democracy Act of 1992 is to maintain sanctions on Cuba so long as the Cuban government refuses to move toward `` democratization and greater respect for human rights '' . The Helms -- Burton Act further restricted United States citizens from doing business in or with Cuba , and mandated restrictions on giving public or private assistance to any successor government in Havana unless and until certain claims against the Cuban government were met . In 1999 , President Bill Clinton expanded the trade embargo by also disallowing foreign subsidiaries of U.S. companies to trade with Cuba . In 2000 , Clinton authorized the sale of `` humanitarian '' U.S. products to Cuba . ","sentences":["The United States embargo against Cuba ( in Cuba called el bloqueo , `` the blockade '' ) is a commercial , economic , and financial embargo imposed by the United States on Cuba .","An embargo was first imposed by the United States on sale of arms to Cuba on March 14 , 1958 , during the Fulgencio Batista regime .","Again on October 19 , 1960 ( almost two years after the Batista regime was deposed by the Cuban Revolution ) the U.S. placed an embargo on exports to Cuba except for food and medicine after Cuba nationalized American - owned Cuban oil refineries without compensation .","On February 7 , 1962 the embargo was extended to include almost all imports .","Currently , the Cuban embargo is enforced mainly through six statutes : the Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917 , the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 , the Cuban Assets Control Regulations of 1963 , the Cuban Democracy Act of 1992 , the Helms -- Burton Act of 1996 , and the Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act of 2000 .","The stated purpose of the Cuban Democracy Act of 1992 is to maintain sanctions on Cuba so long as the Cuban government refuses to move toward `` democratization and greater respect for human rights '' .","The Helms -- Burton Act further restricted United States citizens from doing business in or with Cuba , and mandated restrictions on giving public or private assistance to any successor government in Havana unless and until certain claims against the Cuban government were met .","In 1999 , President Bill Clinton expanded the trade embargo by also disallowing foreign subsidiaries of U.S. companies to trade with Cuba .","In 2000 , Clinton authorized the sale of `` humanitarian '' U.S. products to Cuba ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"An embargo was first imposed by the United States on sale of arms to Cuba on March 14, 1958, during the Fulgencio Batista regime.  Again on October 19, 1960 the U.S. placed an embargo on exports to Cuba except for food and medicine after Cuba nationalized American-owned Cuban oil refineries without compensation.  On February 7, 1962 the embargo was extended to include almost all imports.  Currently, the Cuban embargo is enforced mainly through six statutes: the Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917, the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 , the Cuban Assets Control Regulations of 1963 , the Cuban Democracy Act of 1992 , the Helms -- Burton Act of 1996, and the Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act of 2000.  In 1999, President Bill Clinton expanded the trade embargo by also disallowing foreign subsidiaries of U.S. companies to trade with Cuba.","selected_sentences":["An embargo was first imposed by the United States on sale of arms to Cuba on March 14 , 1958 , during the Fulgencio Batista regime .","Again on October 19 , 1960 ( almost two years after the Batista regime was deposed by the Cuban Revolution ) the U.S. placed an embargo on exports to Cuba except for food and medicine after Cuba nationalized American - owned Cuban oil refineries without compensation .","On February 7 , 1962 the embargo was extended to include almost all imports .","Currently , the Cuban embargo is enforced mainly through six statutes : the Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917 , the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 , the Cuban Assets Control Regulations of 1963 , the Cuban Democracy Act of 1992 , the Helms -- Burton Act of 1996 , and the Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act of 2000 .","In 1999 , President Bill Clinton expanded the trade embargo by also disallowing foreign subsidiaries of U.S. companies to trade with Cuba ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-1968405669239622476","input":"describe the impact the minnie ball had on the battlefield during the civil war","passages":[{"title":"Mini\u00e9 ball","text":"The Mini\u00e9 ball , or Minni ball , is a type of muzzle - loading spin - stabilized rifle bullet named after its co-developer , Claude - \u00c9tienne Mini\u00e9 , inventor of the Mini\u00e9 rifle . It came to prominence in the Crimean War and American Civil War . The development of the Mini\u00e9 ball was significant because it was the first projectile which was small enough to be easily put down the barrel of a rifled long gun . Rifling -- the addition of spiral grooves inside the gun barrel , which imparted a spin to the bullet -- greatly increased the range and accuracy of the gun . Prior to the Mini\u00e9 ball , bullets had to be jammed down the rifle barrel , sometimes with a mallet , and after a relatively small number of shots , gunpowder residue built up in the spiral grooves , which then had to be cleaned out . Both the American Springfield and the British Enfield rifles -- the most common rifles used during the American Civil War -- used the Mini\u00e9 ball . ","sentences":["The Mini\u00e9 ball , or Minni ball , is a type of muzzle - loading spin - stabilized rifle bullet named after its co-developer , Claude - \u00c9tienne Mini\u00e9 , inventor of the Mini\u00e9 rifle .","It came to prominence in the Crimean War and American Civil War .","The development of the Mini\u00e9 ball was significant because it was the first projectile which was small enough to be easily put down the barrel of a rifled long gun .","Rifling -- the addition of spiral grooves inside the gun barrel , which imparted a spin to the bullet -- greatly increased the range and accuracy of the gun .","Prior to the Mini\u00e9 ball , bullets had to be jammed down the rifle barrel , sometimes with a mallet , and after a relatively small number of shots , gunpowder residue built up in the spiral grooves , which then had to be cleaned out .","Both the American Springfield and the British Enfield rifles -- the most common rifles used during the American Civil War -- used the Mini\u00e9 ball ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The development of the Mini\u00e9 ball was significant because it was the first projectile which was small enough to be easily put down the barrel of a rifled long gun . Prior to the Mini\u00e9 ball , bullets had to be jammed down the rifle barrel , sometimes with a mallet , and after a relatively small number of shots , gunpowder residue built up in the spiral grooves , which then had to be cleaned out .","selected_sentences":["The development of the Mini\u00e9 ball was significant because it was the first projectile which was small enough to be easily put down the barrel of a rifled long gun .","Prior to the Mini\u00e9 ball , bullets had to be jammed down the rifle barrel , sometimes with a mallet , and after a relatively small number of shots , gunpowder residue built up in the spiral grooves , which then had to be cleaned out ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The development of the Mini\u00e9 ball was significant because it was the first projectile which was small enough to be easily put down the barrel of a rifled long gun.","selected_sentences":["The development of the Mini\u00e9 ball was significant because it was the first projectile which was small enough to be easily put down the barrel of a rifled long gun ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-229082287897515617","input":"when did we start putting shoes on horses","passages":[{"title":"Horseshoe","text":"Historians differ on the origin of the horseshoe . Because iron was a valuable commodity , and any worn out items were generally reforged and reused , it is difficult to locate clear archaeological evidence . Although some credit the Druids , there is no hard evidence to support this claim . In 1897 four bronze horseshoes with what are apparently nail holes were found in an Etruscan tomb dated around 400 B.C. The assertion by some historians that the Romans invented the `` mule shoes '' sometime after 100 BC is supported by a reference by Catullus who died in 54 BC . However , these references to use of horseshoes and muleshoes in Rome , may have been to the `` hipposandal '' -- leather boots , reinforced by an iron plate , rather than to nailed horseshoes . ","sentences":["Historians differ on the origin of the horseshoe .","Because iron was a valuable commodity , and any worn out items were generally reforged and reused , it is difficult to locate clear archaeological evidence .","Although some credit the Druids , there is no hard evidence to support this claim .","In 1897 four bronze horseshoes with what are apparently nail holes were found in an Etruscan tomb dated around 400 B.C.","The assertion by some historians that the Romans invented the `` mule shoes '' sometime after 100 BC is supported by a reference by Catullus who died in 54 BC .","However , these references to use of horseshoes and muleshoes in Rome , may have been to the `` hipposandal '' -- leather boots , reinforced by an iron plate , rather than to nailed horseshoes ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Historians differ on the origin of the horseshoe. Because iron was a valuable commodity, and any worn out items were generally reforged and reused , it is difficult to locate clear archaeological evidence. In 1897 four bronze horseshoes with what are apparently nail holes were found in an Etruscan tomb dated around 400 B.C. The assertion by some historians that the Romans invented the `` mule shoes '' sometime after 100 BC is supported by a reference by Catullus who died in 54 BC.","selected_sentences":["Historians differ on the origin of the horseshoe .","Because iron was a valuable commodity , and any worn out items were generally reforged and reused , it is difficult to locate clear archaeological evidence .","In 1897 four bronze horseshoes with what are apparently nail holes were found in an Etruscan tomb dated around 400 B.C.","The assertion by some historians that the Romans invented the `` mule shoes '' sometime after 100 BC is supported by a reference by Catullus who died in 54 BC ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Historians differ on the origin of the horseshoe. Because iron was a valuable commodity, and any worn out items were generally reforged and reused , it is difficult to locate clear archaeological evidence. In 1897 four bronze horseshoes with what are apparently nail holes were found in an Etruscan tomb dated around 400 B.C. The assertion by some historians that the Romans invented the `` mule shoes '' sometime after 100 BC is supported by a reference by Catullus who died in 54 BC, however, the reference may have been to the `` hipposandal '' -- leather boots , reinforced by an iron plate , rather than to nailed horseshoes .","selected_sentences":["Historians differ on the origin of the horseshoe .","Because iron was a valuable commodity , and any worn out items were generally reforged and reused , it is difficult to locate clear archaeological evidence .","In 1897 four bronze horseshoes with what are apparently nail holes were found in an Etruscan tomb dated around 400 B.C.","The assertion by some historians that the Romans invented the `` mule shoes '' sometime after 100 BC is supported by a reference by Catullus who died in 54 BC .","However , these references to use of horseshoes and muleshoes in Rome , may have been to the `` hipposandal '' -- leather boots , reinforced by an iron plate , rather than to nailed horseshoes ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"4949638613124608547","input":"where is the show last tango in halifax filmed","passages":[{"title":"Last Tango in Halifax","text":"The first series was filmed in Yorkshire and in Altrincham between January and April 2012 . Altrincham was used to represent scenes set in Harrogate , such as those set at Caroline 's house . The second series began filming in July 2013 . Filming took place at Holdsworth House in Halifax in August 2013 and also at Hoghton Tower , a fortified manor house in Lancashire , in August 2013 . This resulted in the Tower 's being closed to the public between 19 and 28 August . In September the University of York supplied ten students from the Department of Theatre , Film and Television to work as extras on the series . Filming for the third series began in Yorkshire and at Peover Hall , near Knutsford , Cheshire in July 2014 . ","sentences":["The first series was filmed in Yorkshire and in Altrincham between January and April 2012 .","Altrincham was used to represent scenes set in Harrogate , such as those set at Caroline 's house .","The second series began filming in July 2013 .","Filming took place at Holdsworth House in Halifax in August 2013 and also at Hoghton Tower , a fortified manor house in Lancashire , in August 2013 .","This resulted in the Tower 's being closed to the public between 19 and 28 August .","In September the University of York supplied ten students from the Department of Theatre , Film and Television to work as extras on the series .","Filming for the third series began in Yorkshire and at Peover Hall , near Knutsford , Cheshire in July 2014 ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Filming took place at Holdsworth House in Halifax and also at Hoghton Tower, a fortified manor house in Lancashire.","selected_sentences":["The first series was filmed in Yorkshire and in Altrincham between January and April 2012 .","Filming took place at Holdsworth House in Halifax in August 2013 and also at Hoghton Tower , a fortified manor house in Lancashire , in August 2013 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Filming took place in Yorkshire, Altrinchamat, at Holdsworth House in Halifax and Hoghton Tower, a fortified manor house in Lancashire.  It also took place at Peover Hall, near Knutsford, Cheshire.","selected_sentences":["The first series was filmed in Yorkshire and in Altrincham between January and April 2012 .","Filming took place at Holdsworth House in Halifax in August 2013 and also at Hoghton Tower , a fortified manor house in Lancashire , in August 2013 .","Filming for the third series began in Yorkshire and at Peover Hall , near Knutsford , Cheshire in July 2014 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"677274563487267258","input":"where was the video for life in a northern town filmed","passages":[{"title":"Life in a Northern Town","text":"Two different music videos were made for the song . The first was made in 1984 and filmed in Hebden Bridge in West Yorkshire , England . It was directed by Tim Pope . The second was filmed in 1985 and was directed by Leslie Libman and Larry Williams . It was filmed in and around Newcastle upon Tyne with some scenes filmed in Manchester in the UK and in Aliquippa , Pennsylvania , United States , using footage of the now - closed LTV Steel and Duquesne Light facilities . The video featured footage from one of their first TV appearances , on The Tube . ","sentences":["Two different music videos were made for the song .","The first was made in 1984 and filmed in Hebden Bridge in West Yorkshire , England .","It was directed by Tim Pope .","The second was filmed in 1985 and was directed by Leslie Libman and Larry Williams .","It was filmed in and around Newcastle upon Tyne with some scenes filmed in Manchester in the UK and in Aliquippa , Pennsylvania , United States , using footage of the now - closed LTV Steel and Duquesne Light facilities .","The video featured footage from one of their first TV appearances , on The Tube ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Two different music videos were made for the song. The first was made in 1984 and filmed in Hebden Bridge in West Yorkshire, England. The second was filmed in 1985, it was filmed in and around Newcastle upon Tyne with some scenes filmed in Manchester in the UK and in Aliquippa , Pennsylvania , United States.","selected_sentences":["Two different music videos were made for the song .","The first was made in 1984 and filmed in Hebden Bridge in West Yorkshire , England .","The second was filmed in 1985 and was directed by Leslie Libman and Larry Williams .","It was filmed in and around Newcastle upon Tyne with some scenes filmed in Manchester in the UK and in Aliquippa , Pennsylvania , United States , using footage of the now - closed LTV Steel and Duquesne Light facilities ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-2399489377049908954","input":"when did the us place an embargo on cuba","passages":[{"title":"United States embargo against Cuba","text":"The United States embargo against Cuba ( in Cuba called el bloqueo , `` the blockade '' ) is a commercial , economic , and financial embargo imposed by the United States on Cuba . An embargo was first imposed by the United States on sale of arms to Cuba on March 14 , 1958 , during the Fulgencio Batista regime . Again on October 19 , 1960 ( almost two years after the Batista regime was deposed by the Cuban Revolution ) the U.S. placed an embargo on exports to Cuba except for food and medicine after Cuba nationalized American - owned Cuban oil refineries without compensation . On February 7 , 1962 the embargo was extended to include almost all imports . Currently , the Cuban embargo is enforced mainly through six statutes : the Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917 , the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 , the Cuban Assets Control Regulations of 1963 , the Cuban Democracy Act of 1992 , the Helms -- Burton Act of 1996 , and the Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act of 2000 . The stated purpose of the Cuban Democracy Act of 1992 is to maintain sanctions on Cuba as long as the Cuban government refuses to move toward `` democratization and greater respect for human rights '' . The Helms -- Burton Act further restricted United States citizens from doing business in or with Cuba , and mandated restrictions on giving public or private assistance to any successor government in Havana unless and until certain claims against the Cuban government were met . In 1999 , President Bill Clinton expanded the trade embargo by also disallowing foreign subsidiaries of U.S. companies to trade with Cuba . In 2000 , Clinton authorized the sale of `` humanitarian '' U.S. products to Cuba . ","sentences":["The United States embargo against Cuba ( in Cuba called el bloqueo , `` the blockade '' ) is a commercial , economic , and financial embargo imposed by the United States on Cuba .","An embargo was first imposed by the United States on sale of arms to Cuba on March 14 , 1958 , during the Fulgencio Batista regime .","Again on October 19 , 1960 ( almost two years after the Batista regime was deposed by the Cuban Revolution ) the U.S. placed an embargo on exports to Cuba except for food and medicine after Cuba nationalized American - owned Cuban oil refineries without compensation .","On February 7 , 1962 the embargo was extended to include almost all imports .","Currently , the Cuban embargo is enforced mainly through six statutes : the Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917 , the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 , the Cuban Assets Control Regulations of 1963 , the Cuban Democracy Act of 1992 , the Helms -- Burton Act of 1996 , and the Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act of 2000 .","The stated purpose of the Cuban Democracy Act of 1992 is to maintain sanctions on Cuba as long as the Cuban government refuses to move toward `` democratization and greater respect for human rights '' .","The Helms -- Burton Act further restricted United States citizens from doing business in or with Cuba , and mandated restrictions on giving public or private assistance to any successor government in Havana unless and until certain claims against the Cuban government were met .","In 1999 , President Bill Clinton expanded the trade embargo by also disallowing foreign subsidiaries of U.S. companies to trade with Cuba .","In 2000 , Clinton authorized the sale of `` humanitarian '' U.S. products to Cuba ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"An embargo was first imposed by the United States on sale of arms to Cuba on March 14, 1958, during the Fulgencio Batista regime.  Again on October 19, 1960 (almost two years after the Batista regime was deposed by the Cuban Revolution) the U.S. placed an embargo on exports to Cuba except for food and medicine after Cuba nationalized American-owned Cuban oil refineries without compensation.  On February 7, 1962 the embargo was extended to include almost all imports.  Currently, the Cuban embargo is enforced mainly through six statutes: the Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917, the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, the Cuban Assets Control Regulations of 1963, the Cuban Democracy Act of 1992, the Helms--Burton Act of 1996, and the Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act of 2000.   In 1999, President Bill Clinton expanded the trade embargo by also disallowing foreign subsidiaries of U.S. companies to trade with Cuba.","selected_sentences":["An embargo was first imposed by the United States on sale of arms to Cuba on March 14 , 1958 , during the Fulgencio Batista regime .","Again on October 19 , 1960 ( almost two years after the Batista regime was deposed by the Cuban Revolution ) the U.S. placed an embargo on exports to Cuba except for food and medicine after Cuba nationalized American - owned Cuban oil refineries without compensation .","On February 7 , 1962 the embargo was extended to include almost all imports .","Currently , the Cuban embargo is enforced mainly through six statutes : the Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917 , the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 , the Cuban Assets Control Regulations of 1963 , the Cuban Democracy Act of 1992 , the Helms -- Burton Act of 1996 , and the Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act of 2000 .","In 1999 , President Bill Clinton expanded the trade embargo by also disallowing foreign subsidiaries of U.S. companies to trade with Cuba ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"An embargo was first imposed by the United States on sale of arms to Cuba on March 14, 1958, during the Fulgencio Batista regime. On October 19, 1960, the U.S. placed an embargo on exports to Cuba except for food and medicine after Cuba nationalized American-owned Cuban oil refineries without compensation. On February 7, 1962 the embargo was extended to include almost all imports. Currently, the Cuban embargo is enforced mainly through six statutes: the Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917, the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, the Cuban Assets Control Regulations of 1963, the Cuban Democracy Act of 1992, the Helms--Burton Act of 1996, and the Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act of 2000. In 1999, President Bill Clinton expanded the trade embargo by also disallowing foreign subsidiaries of U.S. companies to trade with Cuba.","selected_sentences":["An embargo was first imposed by the United States on sale of arms to Cuba on March 14 , 1958 , during the Fulgencio Batista regime .","Again on October 19 , 1960 ( almost two years after the Batista regime was deposed by the Cuban Revolution ) the U.S. placed an embargo on exports to Cuba except for food and medicine after Cuba nationalized American - owned Cuban oil refineries without compensation .","On February 7 , 1962 the embargo was extended to include almost all imports .","Currently , the Cuban embargo is enforced mainly through six statutes : the Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917 , the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 , the Cuban Assets Control Regulations of 1963 , the Cuban Democracy Act of 1992 , the Helms -- Burton Act of 1996 , and the Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act of 2000 .","In 1999 , President Bill Clinton expanded the trade embargo by also disallowing foreign subsidiaries of U.S. companies to trade with Cuba ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"2980592935468943450","input":"what is the function of the endoplasmic reticulm","passages":[{"title":"Endoplasmic reticulum","text":"The endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) is a type of organelle found in eukaryotic cells that forms an interconnected network of flattened , membrane - enclosed sacs or tube - like structures known as cisternae . The membranes of the ER are continuous with the outer nuclear membrane . The endoplasmic reticulum occurs in most types of eukaryotic cells , but is absent from red blood cells and spermatozoa . There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum : rough and smooth . The outer ( cytosolic ) face of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes that are the sites of protein synthesis . The rough endoplasmic reticulum is especially prominent in cells such as hepatocytes . The smooth endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes and functions in lipid manufacture and metabolism , the production of steroid hormones , and detoxification . The smooth ER is especially abundant in mammalian liver and gonad cells . The lacy membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum were first seen in 1945 using electron microscopy . ","sentences":["The endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) is a type of organelle found in eukaryotic cells that forms an interconnected network of flattened , membrane - enclosed sacs or tube - like structures known as cisternae .","The membranes of the ER are continuous with the outer nuclear membrane .","The endoplasmic reticulum occurs in most types of eukaryotic cells , but is absent from red blood cells and spermatozoa .","There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum : rough and smooth .","The outer ( cytosolic ) face of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes that are the sites of protein synthesis .","The rough endoplasmic reticulum is especially prominent in cells such as hepatocytes .","The smooth endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes and functions in lipid manufacture and metabolism , the production of steroid hormones , and detoxification .","The smooth ER is especially abundant in mammalian liver and gonad cells .","The lacy membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum were first seen in 1945 using electron microscopy ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The endoplasmic reticulum is a type of organelle found in eukaryotic cells that forms an interconnected network of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs or tube-like structures known as cisternae.  There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum: rough and smooth. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes that are the sites of protein synthesis, and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum functions in lipid manufacture and metabolism, the production of steroid hormones, and detoxification.","selected_sentences":["The endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) is a type of organelle found in eukaryotic cells that forms an interconnected network of flattened , membrane - enclosed sacs or tube - like structures known as cisternae .","There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum : rough and smooth .","The outer ( cytosolic ) face of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes that are the sites of protein synthesis .","The smooth endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes and functions in lipid manufacture and metabolism , the production of steroid hormones , and detoxification ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"539696164695592117","input":"when do the ducks march at the peabody","passages":[{"title":"Peabody Hotel","text":"In 1940 , a Bellman by the name of Edward Pembroke volunteered to care for the ducks . Pembroke was given the position of `` Duckmaster '' and served in that position until 1991 . As a former circus animal trainer , he taught the ducks to march into the hotel lobby , which started the famous Peabody Duck March . Every day at 11 : 00 a.m. , the Peabody Ducks are escorted from their penthouse home , on the Plantation Roof , to the lobby via elevator . The ducks , accompanied by the King Cotton March by John Philip Sousa , then proceed across a red carpet to the hotel fountain , made of a solid block of Italian travertine marble . The ducks are then ceremoniously led back to their penthouse at 5 : 00 p.m. ","sentences":["In 1940 , a Bellman by the name of Edward Pembroke volunteered to care for the ducks .","Pembroke was given the position of `` Duckmaster '' and served in that position until 1991 .","As a former circus animal trainer , he taught the ducks to march into the hotel lobby , which started the famous Peabody Duck March .","Every day at 11 : 00 a.m. , the Peabody Ducks are escorted from their penthouse home , on the Plantation Roof , to the lobby via elevator .","The ducks , accompanied by the King Cotton March by John Philip Sousa , then proceed across a red carpet to the hotel fountain , made of a solid block of Italian travertine marble .","The ducks are then ceremoniously led back to their penthouse at 5 : 00 p.m."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Every day at 11 : 00 a.m., the Peabody Ducks are escorted from their penthouse home, on the Plantation Roof, to the lobby via elevator.   The ducks are then ceremoniously led back to their penthouse at 5 : 00 p.m.","selected_sentences":["Every day at 11 : 00 a.m. , the Peabody Ducks are escorted from their penthouse home , on the Plantation Roof , to the lobby via elevator .","The ducks are then ceremoniously led back to their penthouse at 5 : 00 p.m."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Every day at 11 : 00 a.m., the Peabody Ducks are escorted from their penthouse home and then at 5 : 00 p.m., they are led back to their penthouse.","selected_sentences":["Every day at 11 : 00 a.m. , the Peabody Ducks are escorted from their penthouse home , on the Plantation Roof , to the lobby via elevator .","The ducks are then ceremoniously led back to their penthouse at 5 : 00 p.m."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-6703076447246847777","input":"what was the role of drama in ancient greece","passages":[{"title":"Theatre of ancient Greece","text":"The ancient Greek drama was a theatrical culture that flourished in ancient Greece from c. 700 BC . The city - state of Athens , which became a significant cultural , political , and military power during this period , was its center , where it was institutionalised as part of a festival called the Dionysia , which honoured the god Dionysus . Tragedy ( late 500 BC ) , comedy ( 490 BC ) , and the satyr play were the three dramatic genres to emerge there . Athens exported the festival to its numerous colonies and allies in order to promote a common cultural identity . Only men were allowed to play female parts . ","sentences":["The ancient Greek drama was a theatrical culture that flourished in ancient Greece from c. 700 BC .","The city - state of Athens , which became a significant cultural , political , and military power during this period , was its center , where it was institutionalised as part of a festival called the Dionysia , which honoured the god Dionysus .","Tragedy ( late 500 BC ) , comedy ( 490 BC ) , and the satyr play were the three dramatic genres to emerge there .","Athens exported the festival to its numerous colonies and allies in order to promote a common cultural identity .","Only men were allowed to play female parts ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The city-state of Athens, which became a significant cultural, political, and military power during this period, exported the festival called the Dionysia to its numerous colonies and allies in order to promote a common cultural identity.","selected_sentences":["The city - state of Athens , which became a significant cultural , political , and military power during this period , was its center , where it was institutionalised as part of a festival called the Dionysia , which honoured the god Dionysus .","Athens exported the festival to its numerous colonies and allies in order to promote a common cultural identity ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Drama had a significant cultural , political , and military power in ancient Greece. It also promoted the common cultural identity to colonies and allies.","selected_sentences":["The ancient Greek drama was a theatrical culture that flourished in ancient Greece from c. 700 BC .","The city - state of Athens , which became a significant cultural , political , and military power during this period , was its center , where it was institutionalised as part of a festival called the Dionysia , which honoured the god Dionysus .","Athens exported the festival to its numerous colonies and allies in order to promote a common cultural identity ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-2189548918642725127","input":"in order to better control the conquistadors in the new world the spanish created","passages":[{"title":"Conquistador","text":"The Crown reserved for itself important tools of intervention . The `` capitulacion '' clearly stated that the conquered territories belonged to the Crown , not to the individual . On the other hand , concessions allowed the Crown to guide the Companies conquests to certain territories , depending on their interests . In addition , the leader of the expedition received clear instructions about their duties towards the army , the native population , the type of military action . A written report about the results was mandatory . The army had a royal official , the `` veedor '' . The `` veedor '' or notary , ensured they complied with orders and instructions and preserved the King 's share of the booty . ","sentences":["The Crown reserved for itself important tools of intervention .","The `` capitulacion '' clearly stated that the conquered territories belonged to the Crown , not to the individual .","On the other hand , concessions allowed the Crown to guide the Companies conquests to certain territories , depending on their interests .","In addition , the leader of the expedition received clear instructions about their duties towards the army , the native population , the type of military action .","A written report about the results was mandatory .","The army had a royal official , the `` veedor '' .","The `` veedor '' or notary , ensured they complied with orders and instructions and preserved the King 's share of the booty ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The leader of the expedition received clear instructions about their duties towards the army , the native population, the type of military action. The royal official of the army, the veedor, ensured they complied with orders and instructions and preserved the King 's share of the booty.","selected_sentences":["In addition , the leader of the expedition received clear instructions about their duties towards the army , the native population , the type of military action .","The army had a royal official , the `` veedor '' .","The `` veedor '' or notary , ensured they complied with orders and instructions and preserved the King 's share of the booty ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"","selected_sentences":[],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":true,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"5320436682088004611","input":"who was the song cinnamon girl written about","passages":[{"title":"Cinnamon Girl","text":"The lyrics have the singer daydreaming for a girl to love , singing that he waits `` between shows '' for his lover . Young has claimed that he wrote the song `` for a city girl on peeling pavement coming at me through Phil Ochs ' eyes playing finger cymbals . It was hard to explain to my wife . '' The city girl playing finger cymbals is a reference to folk singer Jean Ray . Music critic Johnny Rogan described the lyrics as `` exotic and allusive without really saying anything at all . '' Critic Toby Creswell describes the lyrics as `` cryptic love lyrics '' noting that they are sung `` over the crunching power of Crazy Horse . '' Critic John Mendelsohn felt the song conveyed a message of `` desperation begetting brutal vindictiveness , '' hinted at by the `` almost impenetrably subjective words '' but carried strongly by the sound of Crazy Horse 's `` heavy , sinister accompaniment . '' Introducing the song at a performance associated with Writer 's Week at Whittier College ( California ) in April , 2015 , Los Lobos co-founder Louie Perez said that when he first heard `` Cinnamon Girl '' , he was sure it was about a Mexican girl . ","sentences":["The lyrics have the singer daydreaming for a girl to love , singing that he waits `` between shows '' for his lover .","Young has claimed that he wrote the song `` for a city girl on peeling pavement coming at me through Phil Ochs ' eyes playing finger cymbals .","It was hard to explain to my wife . ''","The city girl playing finger cymbals is a reference to folk singer Jean Ray .","Music critic Johnny Rogan described the lyrics as `` exotic and allusive without really saying anything at all . ''","Critic Toby Creswell describes the lyrics as `` cryptic love lyrics '' noting that they are sung `` over the crunching power of Crazy Horse . ''","Critic John Mendelsohn felt the song conveyed a message of `` desperation begetting brutal vindictiveness , '' hinted at by the `` almost impenetrably subjective words '' but carried strongly by the sound of Crazy Horse 's `` heavy , sinister accompaniment . ''","Introducing the song at a performance associated with Writer 's Week at Whittier College ( California ) in April , 2015 , Los Lobos co-founder Louie Perez said that when he first heard `` Cinnamon Girl '' , he was sure it was about a Mexican girl ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"It was wrote for a city girl playing finger cymbals, who happened to be the folk singer Jean Ray.","selected_sentences":["Young has claimed that he wrote the song `` for a city girl on peeling pavement coming at me through Phil Ochs ' eyes playing finger cymbals .","The city girl playing finger cymbals is a reference to folk singer Jean Ray ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"1847562488251456266","input":"when was the first known case of the bubonic plague","passages":[{"title":"Bubonic plague","text":"The first recorded epidemic affected the Eastern Roman Empire ( Byzantine Empire ) and was named the Plague of Justinian after emperor Justinian I , who was infected but survived through extensive treatment . The pandemic resulted in the deaths of an estimated 25 million ( 6th century outbreak ) to 50 million people ( two centuries of recurrence ) . The historian Procopius wrote , in Volume II of History of the Wars , of his personal encounter with the plague and the effect it had on the rising empire . In the spring of 542 , the plague arrived in Constantinople , working its way from port city to port city and spreading around the Mediterranean Sea , later migrating inland eastward into Asia Minor and west into Greece and Italy . Because the infectious disease spread inland by the transferring of merchandise through Justinian 's efforts in acquiring luxurious goods of the time and exporting supplies , his capital became the leading exporter of the bubonic plague . Procopius , in his work Secret History , declared that Justinian was a demon of an emperor who either created the plague himself or was being punished for his sinfulness . ","sentences":["The first recorded epidemic affected the Eastern Roman Empire ( Byzantine Empire ) and was named the Plague of Justinian after emperor Justinian I , who was infected but survived through extensive treatment .","The pandemic resulted in the deaths of an estimated 25 million ( 6th century outbreak ) to 50 million people ( two centuries of recurrence ) .","The historian Procopius wrote , in Volume II of History of the Wars , of his personal encounter with the plague and the effect it had on the rising empire .","In the spring of 542 , the plague arrived in Constantinople , working its way from port city to port city and spreading around the Mediterranean Sea , later migrating inland eastward into Asia Minor and west into Greece and Italy .","Because the infectious disease spread inland by the transferring of merchandise through Justinian 's efforts in acquiring luxurious goods of the time and exporting supplies , his capital became the leading exporter of the bubonic plague .","Procopius , in his work Secret History , declared that Justinian was a demon of an emperor who either created the plague himself or was being punished for his sinfulness ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The first recorded epidemic affected the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) and was named the Plague of Justinian after emperor Justinian I, who was infected but survived through extensive treatment.   In the spring of 542, the plague arrived in Constantinople.","selected_sentences":["The first recorded epidemic affected the Eastern Roman Empire ( Byzantine Empire ) and was named the Plague of Justinian after emperor Justinian I , who was infected but survived through extensive treatment .","In the spring of 542 , the plague arrived in Constantinople , working its way from port city to port city and spreading around the Mediterranean Sea , later migrating inland eastward into Asia Minor and west into Greece and Italy ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The first recorded epidemic affected the Eastern Roman Empire. In the spring of 542, the plague arrived in Constantinople.","selected_sentences":["The first recorded epidemic affected the Eastern Roman Empire ( Byzantine Empire ) and was named the Plague of Justinian after emperor Justinian I , who was infected but survived through extensive treatment .","In the spring of 542 , the plague arrived in Constantinople , working its way from port city to port city and spreading around the Mediterranean Sea , later migrating inland eastward into Asia Minor and west into Greece and Italy ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-6671062847453138968","input":"where are the four chambers of the heart located","passages":[{"title":"Heart","text":"The heart has four chambers , two upper atria , the receiving chambers , and two lower ventricles , the discharging chambers . The atria open into the ventricles via the atrioventricular valves , present in the atrioventricular septum . This distinction is visible also on the surface of the heart as the coronary sulcus . There is an ear - shaped structure in the upper right atrium called the right atrial appendage , or auricle , and another in the upper left atrium , the left atrial appendage . The right atrium and the right ventricle together are sometimes referred to as the right heart . Similarly , the left atrium and the left ventricle together are sometimes referred to as the left heart . The ventricles are separated from each other by the interventricular septum , visible on the surface of the heart as the anterior longitudinal sulcus and the posterior interventricular sulcus . ","sentences":["The heart has four chambers , two upper atria , the receiving chambers , and two lower ventricles , the discharging chambers .","The atria open into the ventricles via the atrioventricular valves , present in the atrioventricular septum .","This distinction is visible also on the surface of the heart as the coronary sulcus .","There is an ear - shaped structure in the upper right atrium called the right atrial appendage , or auricle , and another in the upper left atrium , the left atrial appendage .","The right atrium and the right ventricle together are sometimes referred to as the right heart .","Similarly , the left atrium and the left ventricle together are sometimes referred to as the left heart .","The ventricles are separated from each other by the interventricular septum , visible on the surface of the heart as the anterior longitudinal sulcus and the posterior interventricular sulcus ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The heart has two upper atria - the receiving chambers -  and two lower ventricles - the discharging chambers. The right atrium and right ventricle are referred to as the right heart and the left atrium and left ventricle as the left heart.","selected_sentences":["The heart has four chambers , two upper atria , the receiving chambers , and two lower ventricles , the discharging chambers .","The right atrium and the right ventricle together are sometimes referred to as the right heart .","Similarly , the left atrium and the left ventricle together are sometimes referred to as the left heart ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The heart has four chambers , two upper atria , the receiving chambers , and two lower ventricles , the discharging chambers. The right atrium and the right ventricle are located in the right side of the heart, while the left side has the left atrium and the left ventricle.","selected_sentences":["The heart has four chambers , two upper atria , the receiving chambers , and two lower ventricles , the discharging chambers .","The right atrium and the right ventricle together are sometimes referred to as the right heart .","Similarly , the left atrium and the left ventricle together are sometimes referred to as the left heart ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"5539784155984675927","input":"what's the purpose of the english bill of rights","passages":[{"title":"Bill of Rights 1689","text":"The Bill of Rights , also known as the English Bill of Rights , is an Act of the Parliament of England that sets out certain basic civil rights and clarifies who would be next to inherit the Crown . It received the Royal Assent on 16 December 1689 and is a restatement in statutory form of the Declaration of Right presented by the Convention Parliament to William III and Mary II in February 1689 , inviting them to become joint sovereigns of England . The Bill of Rights lays down limits on the powers of the monarch and sets out the rights of Parliament , including the requirement for regular parliaments , free elections , and freedom of speech in Parliament . It sets out certain rights of individuals including the prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment and reestablished the right of Protestants to have arms for their defence within the rule of law . Furthermore , the Bill of Rights described and condemned several misdeeds of James II of England . ","sentences":["The Bill of Rights , also known as the English Bill of Rights , is an Act of the Parliament of England that sets out certain basic civil rights and clarifies who would be next to inherit the Crown .","It received the Royal Assent on 16 December 1689 and is a restatement in statutory form of the Declaration of Right presented by the Convention Parliament to William III and Mary II in February 1689 , inviting them to become joint sovereigns of England .","The Bill of Rights lays down limits on the powers of the monarch and sets out the rights of Parliament , including the requirement for regular parliaments , free elections , and freedom of speech in Parliament .","It sets out certain rights of individuals including the prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment and reestablished the right of Protestants to have arms for their defence within the rule of law .","Furthermore , the Bill of Rights described and condemned several misdeeds of James II of England ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The Bill of Rights lays down limits on the powers of the monarch and sets out the rights of Parliament , including the requirement for regular parliaments , free elections , and freedom of speech in Parliament . It also clarifies who would be next to inherit the Crown .","selected_sentences":["The Bill of Rights , also known as the English Bill of Rights , is an Act of the Parliament of England that sets out certain basic civil rights and clarifies who would be next to inherit the Crown .","The Bill of Rights lays down limits on the powers of the monarch and sets out the rights of Parliament , including the requirement for regular parliaments , free elections , and freedom of speech in Parliament ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The Bill of Rights sets out certain basic civil rights and clarifies who would be next to inherit the Crown ; it lays down limits on the powers of the monarch and sets out the rights of Parliament , including the requirement for regular parliaments , free elections , and freedom of speech in Parliament; and It sets out certain rights of individuals including the prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment and reestablished the right of Protestants to have arms for their defence within the rule of law .","selected_sentences":["The Bill of Rights , also known as the English Bill of Rights , is an Act of the Parliament of England that sets out certain basic civil rights and clarifies who would be next to inherit the Crown .","The Bill of Rights lays down limits on the powers of the monarch and sets out the rights of Parliament , including the requirement for regular parliaments , free elections , and freedom of speech in Parliament .","It sets out certain rights of individuals including the prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment and reestablished the right of Protestants to have arms for their defence within the rule of law ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-3723493230615646386","input":"who failed the boards in grey's anatomy","passages":[{"title":"April Kepner","text":"As the end of the fifth year of residency is near , the surgical residents , including Kepner , prepare for their boards exams for the different fellowships they plan on joining . The night before taking the exam , April loses her virginity to Avery . This causes her to re-evaluate her faith during her Boards Exams , making the examiners feel uncomfortable . It is revealed that she is the only one out of the residents to have failed her Boards Exams . She receives phone calls from other hospital retracting their offers of fellowships and is laid off from Seattle Grace . Although Avery has true feelings for her , she pushes him away because she believes that he feels guilty for having sex with her . As a celebration of the conclusion of their residencies , the former chief of surgery Richard Webber ( James Pickens , Jr . ) organizes his annual dinner for them . The eighth season ends with Kepner , Avery , Karev and Webber waiting for Meredith and Yang , who are victims of an aviation accident . ","sentences":["As the end of the fifth year of residency is near , the surgical residents , including Kepner , prepare for their boards exams for the different fellowships they plan on joining .","The night before taking the exam , April loses her virginity to Avery .","This causes her to re-evaluate her faith during her Boards Exams , making the examiners feel uncomfortable .","It is revealed that she is the only one out of the residents to have failed her Boards Exams .","She receives phone calls from other hospital retracting their offers of fellowships and is laid off from Seattle Grace .","Although Avery has true feelings for her , she pushes him away because she believes that he feels guilty for having sex with her .","As a celebration of the conclusion of their residencies , the former chief of surgery Richard Webber ( James Pickens , Jr . ) organizes his annual dinner for them .","The eighth season ends with Kepner , Avery , Karev and Webber waiting for Meredith and Yang , who are victims of an aviation accident ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"At the end of their fifth year residency, the residents - including Kepner -  prepare for their boards exams. She is the only one who has failed her boards exam.","selected_sentences":["As the end of the fifth year of residency is near , the surgical residents , including Kepner , prepare for their boards exams for the different fellowships they plan on joining .","It is revealed that she is the only one out of the residents to have failed her Boards Exams ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"It is revealed that April Kepner is the only one out of the residents to have failed her Boards Exams .","selected_sentences":["It is revealed that she is the only one out of the residents to have failed her Boards Exams ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-1713121827832885030","input":"what was the damage of the haiti earthquake","passages":[{"title":"Damage to infrastructure in the 2010 Haiti earthquake","text":"Damage to infrastructure in the 2010 Haiti earthquake was extensive and affected areas included Port - au - Prince , Petit - Go\u00e2ve , L\u00e9og\u00e2ne , Jacmel and other settlements in southwestern Haiti . In February Prime Minister Jean - Max Bellerive estimated that 250,000 residences and 30,000 commercial buildings had collapsed or were severely damaged . The deputy mayor of L\u00e9og\u00e2ne , which was at the epicenter of the earthquake , reported that 90 % percent of the buildings in that city had been destroyed and L\u00e9og\u00e2ne had `` to be totally rebuilt . '' Many notable landmark buildings were significantly damaged or destroyed , including the Presidential Palace , the National Assembly building , the Port - au - Prince Cathedral , and the main jail . The Ministry of Education estimated that half the nation 's 15,000 primary schools and 1,500 secondary schools were severely damaged , cracked or destroyed . In addition , the three main universities in Port - au - Prince were also severely damaged . Other affected infrastructure included telephone networks , radio station , factories , and museums . Poor infrastructure before the earthquake only made the aftermath worse . It would take half a day to make a trip of a few miles . The roads would also crisscross haphazardly due to disorganized construction . ","sentences":["Damage to infrastructure in the 2010 Haiti earthquake was extensive and affected areas included Port - au - Prince , Petit - Go\u00e2ve , L\u00e9og\u00e2ne , Jacmel and other settlements in southwestern Haiti .","In February Prime Minister Jean - Max Bellerive estimated that 250,000 residences and 30,000 commercial buildings had collapsed or were severely damaged .","The deputy mayor of L\u00e9og\u00e2ne , which was at the epicenter of the earthquake , reported that 90 % percent of the buildings in that city had been destroyed and L\u00e9og\u00e2ne had `` to be totally rebuilt . ''","Many notable landmark buildings were significantly damaged or destroyed , including the Presidential Palace , the National Assembly building , the Port - au - Prince Cathedral , and the main jail .","The Ministry of Education estimated that half the nation 's 15,000 primary schools and 1,500 secondary schools were severely damaged , cracked or destroyed .","In addition , the three main universities in Port - au - Prince were also severely damaged .","Other affected infrastructure included telephone networks , radio station , factories , and museums .","Poor infrastructure before the earthquake only made the aftermath worse .","It would take half a day to make a trip of a few miles .","The roads would also crisscross haphazardly due to disorganized construction ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Damage to infrastructure in the 2010 Haiti earthquake was extensive and affected many cities and other settlements in southwestern Haiti .\r\nIt was estimated that 250,000 residences and 30,000 commercial buildings had collapsed or were severely damaged, including telephone networks , radio station , factories , and museums, as well as the three main universities in Port - au - Prince.","selected_sentences":["Damage to infrastructure in the 2010 Haiti earthquake was extensive and affected areas included Port - au - Prince , Petit - Go\u00e2ve , L\u00e9og\u00e2ne , Jacmel and other settlements in southwestern Haiti .","In February Prime Minister Jean - Max Bellerive estimated that 250,000 residences and 30,000 commercial buildings had collapsed or were severely damaged .","In addition , the three main universities in Port - au - Prince were also severely damaged .","Other affected infrastructure included telephone networks , radio station , factories , and museums ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976,47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-3264674982292768799","input":"when did the first chucky movie come out","passages":[{"title":"Child's Play (franchise)","text":"Child 's Play ( also called Chucky ) is an American horror comedy franchise centered on a series of seven films created by Don Mancini . The films mainly focus on Chucky ( voiced by Brad Dourif ) , a notorious serial killer known as the `` Lakeshore Strangler '' whose soul is transferred inside a Good Guy doll following a voodoo ritual in order to avoid the afterlife and possibly avoid going to Hell . The original film , Child 's Play , was released on November 9 , 1988 . The film has spawned six sequels and has gone into other media , such as comic books , a video game , tie - in merchandise , and an upcoming television show . The first , second , and fourth films were box office successes with all of the films earning over $182 million worldwide . Including revenues from sales of videos , DVDs , VOD and merchandise , the franchise has generated over $250 million . It also won a Saturn Award for Best Horror Franchise . ","sentences":["Child 's Play ( also called Chucky ) is an American horror comedy franchise centered on a series of seven films created by Don Mancini .","The films mainly focus on Chucky ( voiced by Brad Dourif ) , a notorious serial killer known as the `` Lakeshore Strangler '' whose soul is transferred inside a Good Guy doll following a voodoo ritual in order to avoid the afterlife and possibly avoid going to Hell .","The original film , Child 's Play , was released on November 9 , 1988 .","The film has spawned six sequels and has gone into other media , such as comic books , a video game , tie - in merchandise , and an upcoming television show .","The first , second , and fourth films were box office successes with all of the films earning over $182 million worldwide .","Including revenues from sales of videos , DVDs , VOD and merchandise , the franchise has generated over $250 million .","It also won a Saturn Award for Best Horror Franchise ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Child 's Play ( also called Chucky )'s original film was released on November 9 , 1988.","selected_sentences":["Child 's Play ( also called Chucky ) is an American horror comedy franchise centered on a series of seven films created by Don Mancini .","The original film , Child 's Play , was released on November 9 , 1988 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"6170717506448616660","input":"who are the interns in grey's anatomy season 9","passages":[{"title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 9)","text":"In August 2012 , it was announced that Camilla Luddington , Gaius Charles , and Tina Majorino had been cast as Jo Wilson , Shane Ross , and Heather Brooks , respectively ; these characters would be the new interns of Seattle Grace - Mercy West . TVGuide later reported that even with all of the recurring cast being added to Grey 's Anatomy for the new season that True Blood star Camilla Luddington is the only actress with an option to become a series regular . In September 2012 , it was announced that Jerrika Hinton and Tessa Ferrer had been cast as new interns Stephanie Edwards and Leah Murphy , respectively . In August 2012 , it was announced that Debbie Allen would reprise her role as Catherine Avery at sometime in series , and she is set to direct the third episode . In September 2012 , it was announced that Steven Culp would be cast as a new doctor at a new hospital , and would be known as Dr. Parker . ","sentences":["In August 2012 , it was announced that Camilla Luddington , Gaius Charles , and Tina Majorino had been cast as Jo Wilson , Shane Ross , and Heather Brooks , respectively ; these characters would be the new interns of Seattle Grace - Mercy West .","TVGuide later reported that even with all of the recurring cast being added to Grey 's Anatomy for the new season that True Blood star Camilla Luddington is the only actress with an option to become a series regular .","In September 2012 , it was announced that Jerrika Hinton and Tessa Ferrer had been cast as new interns Stephanie Edwards and Leah Murphy , respectively .","In August 2012 , it was announced that Debbie Allen would reprise her role as Catherine Avery at sometime in series , and she is set to direct the third episode .","In September 2012 , it was announced that Steven Culp would be cast as a new doctor at a new hospital , and would be known as Dr. Parker ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"In August 2012, it was announced that Camilla Luddington, Gaius Charles, and Tina Majorino had been cast as Jo Wilson, Shane Ross, and Heather Brooks, respectively; these characters would be the new interns of Seattle Grace-Mercy West.  In September 2012, it was announced that Jerrika Hinton and Tessa Ferrer had been cast as new interns Stephanie Edwards and Leah Murphy, respectively.","selected_sentences":["In August 2012 , it was announced that Camilla Luddington , Gaius Charles , and Tina Majorino had been cast as Jo Wilson , Shane Ross , and Heather Brooks , respectively ; these characters would be the new interns of Seattle Grace - Mercy West .","In September 2012 , it was announced that Jerrika Hinton and Tessa Ferrer had been cast as new interns Stephanie Edwards and Leah Murphy , respectively ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"In Grey's Anatomy (season 9), it was announced that Camilla Luddington , Gaius Charles , Tina Majorino, Jerrika Hinton and Tessa Ferrer had been cast as Jo Wilson , Shane Ross , Heather Brooks , Stephanie Edwards and Leah Murphy, who are the new interns of Seattle Grace - Mercy West.","selected_sentences":["In August 2012 , it was announced that Camilla Luddington , Gaius Charles , and Tina Majorino had been cast as Jo Wilson , Shane Ross , and Heather Brooks , respectively ; these characters would be the new interns of Seattle Grace - Mercy West .","In September 2012 , it was announced that Jerrika Hinton and Tessa Ferrer had been cast as new interns Stephanie Edwards and Leah Murphy , respectively ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-7950989363837485486","input":"meaning of the breaking of the glass at a jewish wedding","passages":[{"title":"Jewish wedding","text":"The origin of this custom is unknown , although many reasons have been given . The primary reason is that joy must always be tempered . This is based on two accounts in the Talmud of rabbis who , upon seeing that their son 's wedding celebration was getting out of hand , broke a vessel -- in the second case a glass -- to calm things down . Another explanation is that it is a reminder that despite the joy , Jews still mourn the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem . Because of this , some recite the verses `` If I forget thee \/ O Jerusalem ... '' ( Ps. 137 : 5 ) at this point . Many other reasons have been given by traditional authorities . ","sentences":["The origin of this custom is unknown , although many reasons have been given .","The primary reason is that joy must always be tempered .","This is based on two accounts in the Talmud of rabbis who , upon seeing that their son 's wedding celebration was getting out of hand , broke a vessel -- in the second case a glass -- to calm things down .","Another explanation is that it is a reminder that despite the joy , Jews still mourn the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem .","Because of this , some recite the verses `` If I forget thee \/","O Jerusalem ... ''","( Ps. 137 : 5 ) at this point .","Many other reasons have been given by traditional authorities ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The origin of this custom is unknown, although many reasons have been given.  The primary reason is that joy must always be tempered.  This is based on two accounts in the Talmud of rabbis who, upon seeing that their son's wedding celebration was getting out of hand, broke a vessel--in the second case a glass--to calm things down. \r\n Another explanation is that it is a reminder that despite the joy, Jews still mourn the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem.  Many other reasons have been given by traditional authorities.","selected_sentences":["The origin of this custom is unknown , although many reasons have been given .","The primary reason is that joy must always be tempered .","This is based on two accounts in the Talmud of rabbis who , upon seeing that their son 's wedding celebration was getting out of hand , broke a vessel -- in the second case a glass -- to calm things down .","Another explanation is that it is a reminder that despite the joy , Jews still mourn the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem .","Many other reasons have been given by traditional authorities ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The primary reason is that joy must always be tempered. This is based on two accounts in the Talmud of rabbis who, upon seeing that their son's wedding celebration was getting out of hand, broke a vessel--in the second case a glass--to calm things down. Another explanation is that it is a reminder that despite the joy, Jews still mourn the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem.","selected_sentences":["The origin of this custom is unknown , although many reasons have been given .","The primary reason is that joy must always be tempered .","This is based on two accounts in the Talmud of rabbis who , upon seeing that their son 's wedding celebration was getting out of hand , broke a vessel -- in the second case a glass -- to calm things down .","Another explanation is that it is a reminder that despite the joy , Jews still mourn the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem .","Many other reasons have been given by traditional authorities ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"4523736219295215276","input":"who plays thorn on the bold and the beautiful","passages":[{"title":"Thorne Forrester","text":"Actor Clayton Nocross first debuted in the role of Thorne in the serial 's premiere episode on March 23 , 1987 . He remained in the role until 1989 , when he was recast with Jeff Trachta . In 1996 , Trachta was let go from the role and was recast with former All My Children actor Winsor Harmon . In May 2010 , it was announced that Harmon had been downgraded to a recurring capacity , following a `` mutual decision '' between Harmon and the higher ups at The Bold and the Beautiful . On September 23 , 2017 , Harmon announced that executive producer Bradley Bell intended to recast the role of Thorne . Two days later , TV Insider 's Michael Logan announced that former General Hospital actor Ingo Rademacher had been cast in the role of Thorne . He will make his first appearance on November 27 , 2017 . ","sentences":["Actor Clayton Nocross first debuted in the role of Thorne in the serial 's premiere episode on March 23 , 1987 .","He remained in the role until 1989 , when he was recast with Jeff Trachta .","In 1996 , Trachta was let go from the role and was recast with former All My Children actor Winsor Harmon .","In May 2010 , it was announced that Harmon had been downgraded to a recurring capacity , following a `` mutual decision '' between Harmon and the higher ups at The Bold and the Beautiful .","On September 23 , 2017 , Harmon announced that executive producer Bradley Bell intended to recast the role of Thorne .","Two days later , TV Insider 's Michael Logan announced that former General Hospital actor Ingo Rademacher had been cast in the role of Thorne .","He will make his first appearance on November 27 , 2017 ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Actor Clayton Nocross first debuted in the role of Thorne in the serial's premiere episode on March 23, 1987.  He was recast with Jeff Trachta in 1989, then was recast with former All My Children actor Winsor Harmon in 1996.   TV Insider's Michael Logan announced that former General Hospital actor Ingo Rademacher had been cast in the role of Thorne making his first appearance on November 27, 2017.","selected_sentences":["Actor Clayton Nocross first debuted in the role of Thorne in the serial 's premiere episode on March 23 , 1987 .","He remained in the role until 1989 , when he was recast with Jeff Trachta .","In 1996 , Trachta was let go from the role and was recast with former All My Children actor Winsor Harmon .","In May 2010 , it was announced that Harmon had been downgraded to a recurring capacity , following a `` mutual decision '' between Harmon and the higher ups at The Bold and the Beautiful .","Two days later , TV Insider 's Michael Logan announced that former General Hospital actor Ingo Rademacher had been cast in the role of Thorne .","He will make his first appearance on November 27 , 2017 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Actor Clayton Nocross, Jeff Trachta, former All My Children actor Winsor Harmon, and former General Hospital actor Ingo Rademacher played thorn on the bold and the beautiful.","selected_sentences":["Actor Clayton Nocross first debuted in the role of Thorne in the serial 's premiere episode on March 23 , 1987 .","He remained in the role until 1989 , when he was recast with Jeff Trachta .","In 1996 , Trachta was let go from the role and was recast with former All My Children actor Winsor Harmon .","Two days later , TV Insider 's Michael Logan announced that former General Hospital actor Ingo Rademacher had been cast in the role of Thorne .","He will make his first appearance on November 27 , 2017 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"923449576656273005","input":"where is look what you made me do on the charts","passages":[{"title":"Look What You Made Me Do","text":"In the United States , `` Look What You Made Me Do '' debuted at number seventy - seven on the Billboard Hot 100 , powered by its first three days of airplay . It also sold slightly under 200,000 digital copies within its first day of sales in the country , where it became the fastest selling download since Ed Sheeran 's `` Shape of You '' . One week later , the song ascended from 77 to one on the Hot 100 after its first full week of tracking , becoming the fifth largest rise to the top position and Swift 's fifth number - one single in the United States . It also topped the nation 's Streaming Songs chart with 84.4 million streams , becoming its most streamed song within a week by a female artist and second overall behind the 103 million that Baauer 's `` Harlem Shake '' gained in 2013 . The track also had more weekly streams in the US than any other song in 2017 . With 353,000 copies sold in its first week , `` Look What You Made Me Do '' opened atop the US Digital Songs chart and had the country 's biggest sales opening since Justin Timberlake 's `` Ca n't Stop the Feeling ! '' in 2016 as well as the best weekly sales for a song by a female artist since Adele 's `` Hello '' in 2015 . The track also became the country 's first number - one song with a female artist since Halsey was featured on `` Closer '' by The Chainsmokers and the first song with a female lead artist since Sia 's `` Cheap Thrills '' with Sean Paul ( both in 2016 ) . It additionally was the first solo song by a female to top the US charts since Adele 's `` Hello '' . It remained atop the Hot 100 and Streaming Songs charts for a second week with 114,000 copies sold and 61.2 million streams , though descended to number two on the Digital Songs chart when another Reputation track titled `` ... Ready for It ? '' debuted at number one with 135,000 digital copies sold and opened at number four on the Hot 100 . As a result , Swift became the first artist to have two tracks sell over 100,000 digital copies in the nation within a week since Sheeran with `` Shape of You '' and `` Castle on the Hill '' . It also became the first time a female had two songs within the top five of the Hot 100 since 2015 when Swift 's previous tracks `` Shake It Off '' and `` Blank Space '' respectively were at numbers four and five on the chart . ","sentences":["In the United States , `` Look What You Made Me Do '' debuted at number seventy - seven on the Billboard Hot 100 , powered by its first three days of airplay .","It also sold slightly under 200,000 digital copies within its first day of sales in the country , where it became the fastest selling download since Ed Sheeran 's `` Shape of You '' .","One week later , the song ascended from 77 to one on the Hot 100 after its first full week of tracking , becoming the fifth largest rise to the top position and Swift 's fifth number - one single in the United States .","It also topped the nation 's Streaming Songs chart with 84.4 million streams , becoming its most streamed song within a week by a female artist and second overall behind the 103 million that Baauer 's `` Harlem Shake '' gained in 2013 .","The track also had more weekly streams in the US than any other song in 2017 .","With 353,000 copies sold in its first week , `` Look What You Made Me Do '' opened atop the US Digital Songs chart and had the country 's biggest sales opening since Justin Timberlake 's `` Ca n't Stop the Feeling ! ''","in 2016 as well as the best weekly sales for a song by a female artist since Adele 's `` Hello '' in 2015 .","The track also became the country 's first number - one song with a female artist since Halsey was featured on `` Closer '' by The Chainsmokers and the first song with a female lead artist since Sia 's `` Cheap Thrills '' with Sean Paul ( both in 2016 ) .","It additionally was the first solo song by a female to top the US charts since Adele 's `` Hello '' .","It remained atop the Hot 100 and Streaming Songs charts for a second week with 114,000 copies sold and 61.2 million streams , though descended to number two on the Digital Songs chart when another Reputation track titled `` ...","Ready for It ? ''","debuted at number one with 135,000 digital copies sold and opened at number four on the Hot 100 .","As a result , Swift became the first artist to have two tracks sell over 100,000 digital copies in the nation within a week since Sheeran with `` Shape of You '' and `` Castle on the Hill '' .","It also became the first time a female had two songs within the top five of the Hot 100 since 2015 when Swift 's previous tracks `` Shake It Off ''","and `` Blank Space '' respectively were at numbers four and five on the chart ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"In the United States, \"Look What You Made Me Do\" debuted at number seventy-seven on the Billboard Hot 100, powered by its first three days of airplay. One week later, the song ascended from 77 to one on the Hot 100 after its first full week of tracking.  It remained atop the Hot 100 and Streaming Songs charts for a second week.","selected_sentences":["In the United States , `` Look What You Made Me Do '' debuted at number seventy - seven on the Billboard Hot 100 , powered by its first three days of airplay .","One week later , the song ascended from 77 to one on the Hot 100 after its first full week of tracking , becoming the fifth largest rise to the top position and Swift 's fifth number - one single in the United States .","It remained atop the Hot 100 and Streaming Songs charts for a second week with 114,000 copies sold and 61.2 million streams , though descended to number two on the Digital Songs chart when another Reputation track titled `` ..."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The song ascended from 77 to one on the Hot 100 after its first full week of tracking, and remained atop the Hot 100 and Streaming Songs charts for a second week.","selected_sentences":["In the United States , `` Look What You Made Me Do '' debuted at number seventy - seven on the Billboard Hot 100 , powered by its first three days of airplay .","One week later , the song ascended from 77 to one on the Hot 100 after its first full week of tracking , becoming the fifth largest rise to the top position and Swift 's fifth number - one single in the United States .","It remained atop the Hot 100 and Streaming Songs charts for a second week with 114,000 copies sold and 61.2 million streams , though descended to number two on the Digital Songs chart when another Reputation track titled `` ..."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-3474041871426097655","input":"who was the man in you're so vain","passages":[{"title":"You're So Vain","text":"`` You 're So Vain '' is a song written and performed by Carly Simon and released in November 1972 . The song is a critical profile of a self - absorbed lover about whom Simon asserts `` You 're so vain , you probably think this song is about you . '' The title subject 's identity has long been a matter of speculation , with Simon stating that the song refers to three men , only one of whom she has named publicly , actor Warren Beatty . The song is ranked at # 82 on Billboard 's Greatest Songs of All - Time . `` You 're So Vain '' was voted # 216 in RIAA 's Songs of the Century , and in August 2014 , the UK 's Official Charts Company crowned it the ultimate song of the 1970s . ","sentences":["`` You 're So Vain '' is a song written and performed by Carly Simon and released in November 1972 .","The song is a critical profile of a self - absorbed lover about whom Simon asserts `` You 're so vain , you probably think this song is about you . ''","The title subject 's identity has long been a matter of speculation , with Simon stating that the song refers to three men , only one of whom she has named publicly , actor Warren Beatty .","The song is ranked at # 82 on Billboard 's Greatest Songs of All - Time .","`` You 're So Vain '' was voted # 216 in RIAA 's Songs of the Century , and in August 2014 , the UK 's Official Charts Company crowned it the ultimate song of the 1970s ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Carly Simon, who wrote and performed the song, state that the song referred to actor Warren Beatty besides two men she didn't reveal their names.","selected_sentences":["`` You 're So Vain '' is a song written and performed by Carly Simon and released in November 1972 .","The title subject 's identity has long been a matter of speculation , with Simon stating that the song refers to three men , only one of whom she has named publicly , actor Warren Beatty ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Carly Simon, who wrote and performed the song, states that the song referred to actor Warren Beatty besides two other men, whose names she did not reveal.","selected_sentences":["`` You 're So Vain '' is a song written and performed by Carly Simon and released in November 1972 .","The title subject 's identity has long been a matter of speculation , with Simon stating that the song refers to three men , only one of whom she has named publicly , actor Warren Beatty ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-3962441978670574417","input":"which reagent is used to detect the presence of reducing sugar","passages":[{"title":"Benedict's reagent","text":"It is a complex mixture of sodium carbonate , sodium citrate and copper ( II ) sulfate pentahydrate . It is often used in place of Fehling 's solution to detect the presence of reducing sugars . The presence of other reducing substances also gives a positive reaction . Such tests that use this reagent are called the Benedict 's tests . A positive test with Benedict 's reagent is shown by a color change from clear blue to a brick - red precipitate . ","sentences":["It is a complex mixture of sodium carbonate , sodium citrate and copper ( II ) sulfate pentahydrate .","It is often used in place of Fehling 's solution to detect the presence of reducing sugars .","The presence of other reducing substances also gives a positive reaction .","Such tests that use this reagent are called the Benedict 's tests .","A positive test with Benedict 's reagent is shown by a color change from clear blue to a brick - red precipitate ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Benedict's reagent is often used in place of Fehling's solution to detect the presence of reducing sugars.  Such tests that use this reagent are called the Benedict's tests.","selected_sentences":["It is often used in place of Fehling 's solution to detect the presence of reducing sugars .","Such tests that use this reagent are called the Benedict 's tests ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Benedict's reagent is often used in place of Fehling's solution to detect the presence of reducing sugars.","selected_sentences":["It is often used in place of Fehling 's solution to detect the presence of reducing sugars ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-2406798167614637170","input":"how was the first king of england decided","passages":[{"title":"Kingdom of England","text":"The standard title for monarchs from \u00c6thelstan until John was Rex Anglorum ( `` King of the English '' ) . Canute the Great , a Dane , was the first to call himself `` King of England '' . In the Norman period Rex Anglorum remained standard , with occasional use of Rex Anglie ( `` King of England '' ) . From John 's reign onwards all other titles were eschewed in favour of Rex or Regina Anglie . In 1604 James I , who had inherited the English throne the previous year , adopted the title ( now usually rendered in English rather than Latin ) King of Great Britain . The English and Scottish parliaments , however , did not recognise this title until the Acts of Union of 1707 . ","sentences":["The standard title for monarchs from \u00c6thelstan until John was Rex Anglorum ( `` King of the English '' ) .","Canute the Great , a Dane , was the first to call himself `` King of England '' .","In the Norman period Rex Anglorum remained standard , with occasional use of Rex Anglie ( `` King of England '' ) .","From John 's reign onwards all other titles were eschewed in favour of Rex or Regina Anglie .","In 1604 James I , who had inherited the English throne the previous year , adopted the title ( now usually rendered in English rather than Latin )","King of Great Britain .","The English and Scottish parliaments , however , did not recognise this title until the Acts of Union of 1707 ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The standard title for monarchs from \u00c6thelstan until John was \"King of the English\" until Canute the Great called himself \"King of England ''.  The term eschewed all other titles John's reign onwards.","selected_sentences":["The standard title for monarchs from \u00c6thelstan until John was Rex Anglorum ( `` King of the English '' ) .","Canute the Great , a Dane , was the first to call himself `` King of England '' .","From John 's reign onwards all other titles were eschewed in favour of Rex or Regina Anglie ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The standard title for monarchs from \u00c6thelstan until John was \"King of the English\" until Canute the Great called himself \"King of England '' for the first time.","selected_sentences":["The standard title for monarchs from \u00c6thelstan until John was Rex Anglorum ( `` King of the English '' ) .","Canute the Great , a Dane , was the first to call himself `` King of England '' ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"5121004319758778839","input":"who sang joshua fought the battle of jericho","passages":[{"title":"Joshua Fit the Battle of Jericho","text":"The song is believed to have been composed by slaves in the first half of the 19th century . Some references suggest that it was copyrighted by Jay Roberts in 1865 , . In 1882 , the song was published in Jubilee Songs by M.G. Slayton and in A Collection of Revival Hymns and Plantation Melodies by Marshall W. Taylor . The first recorded version was by Harrod 's Jubilee Singers , on Paramount Records No. 12116 in 1922 ( though some sources suggest 1924 ) . The Online 78 Discography entry for this record credits Jay Roberts as the author . Later recordings include those by Paul Robeson ( 1925 ) , Mahalia Jackson ( 1958 ) , Clara Ward , and Hugh Laurie ( 2011 ) among many others . ","sentences":["The song is believed to have been composed by slaves in the first half of the 19th century .","Some references suggest that it was copyrighted by Jay Roberts in 1865 , .","In 1882 , the song was published in Jubilee Songs by M.G. Slayton and in A Collection of Revival Hymns and Plantation Melodies by Marshall W. Taylor .","The first recorded version was by Harrod 's Jubilee Singers , on Paramount Records No. 12116 in 1922 ( though some sources suggest 1924 ) .","The Online 78 Discography entry for this record credits Jay Roberts as the author .","Later recordings include those by Paul Robeson ( 1925 ) , Mahalia Jackson ( 1958 ) , Clara Ward , and Hugh Laurie ( 2011 ) among many others ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The first recorded version of Joshua Fit the Battle of Jericho was by Harrod 's Jubilee Singers , on Paramount Records No. 12116. Later recordings include those by Paul Robeson ( 1925 ) , Mahalia Jackson ( 1958 ) , Clara Ward , and Hugh Laurie ( 2011 ) among many others.","selected_sentences":["The first recorded version was by Harrod 's Jubilee Singers , on Paramount Records No. 12116 in 1922 ( though some sources suggest 1924 ) .","Later recordings include those by Paul Robeson ( 1925 ) , Mahalia Jackson ( 1958 ) , Clara Ward , and Hugh Laurie ( 2011 ) among many others ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The first recorded version of Joshua Fit the Battle of Jericho was by Harrod 's Jubilee Singers.  Later recordings include those by Paul Robeson , Mahalia Jackson , Clara Ward , and Hugh Laurie among many others.","selected_sentences":["The first recorded version was by Harrod 's Jubilee Singers , on Paramount Records No. 12116 in 1922 ( though some sources suggest 1924 ) .","Later recordings include those by Paul Robeson ( 1925 ) , Mahalia Jackson ( 1958 ) , Clara Ward , and Hugh Laurie ( 2011 ) among many others ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-1253276861661765206","input":"when did the wall in berlin come down","passages":[{"title":"Berlin Wall","text":"The Berlin Wall ( German : Berliner Mauer , pronounced ( b\u025b\u0281\u02c8li\u02d0n\u0250 \u02c8ma\u028a\u032f\u0250 ) ( listen ) ) was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989 . Constructed by the German Democratic Republic ( GDR , East Germany ) , starting on 13 August 1961 , the Wall cut off ( by land ) West Berlin from virtually all of surrounding East Germany and East Berlin until government officials opened it in November 1989 . Its demolition officially began on 13 June 1990 and finished in 1992 . The barrier included guard towers placed along large concrete walls , accompanied by a wide area ( later known as the `` death strip '' ) that contained anti-vehicle trenches , `` fakir beds '' and other defenses . The Eastern Bloc portrayed the Wall as protecting its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the `` will of the people '' in building a socialist state in East Germany . In practice , the Wall served to prevent the massive emigration and defection that had marked East Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post-World War II period . ","sentences":["The Berlin Wall ( German : Berliner Mauer , pronounced ( b\u025b\u0281\u02c8li\u02d0n\u0250 \u02c8ma\u028a\u032f\u0250 ) ( listen ) ) was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989 .","Constructed by the German Democratic Republic ( GDR , East Germany ) , starting on 13 August 1961 , the Wall cut off ( by land )","West Berlin from virtually all of surrounding East Germany and East Berlin until government officials opened it in November 1989 .","Its demolition officially began on 13 June 1990 and finished in 1992 .","The barrier included guard towers placed along large concrete walls , accompanied by a wide area ( later known as the `` death strip '' ) that contained anti-vehicle trenches , `` fakir beds '' and other defenses .","The Eastern Bloc portrayed the Wall as protecting its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the `` will of the people '' in building a socialist state in East Germany .","In practice , the Wall served to prevent the massive emigration and defection that had marked East Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post-World War II period ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The government officials opened the Wall in November 1989, and its demolition officially began on 13 June 1990 and finished in 1992.","selected_sentences":["West Berlin from virtually all of surrounding East Germany and East Berlin until government officials opened it in November 1989 .","Its demolition officially began on 13 June 1990 and finished in 1992 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-6379860503567435412","input":"is the last game of thrones book written","passages":[{"title":"A Song of Ice and Fire","text":"A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R.R. Martin . He began the first volume of the series , A Game of Thrones , in 1991 and had it published in 1996 . Martin , who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy , has published five out of a planned seven volumes . The fifth and most recent volume of the series published in 2011 , A Dance with Dragons , took Martin five years to write . He is still writing the sixth novel , The Winds of Winter . ","sentences":["A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R.R. Martin .","He began the first volume of the series , A Game of Thrones , in 1991 and had it published in 1996 .","Martin , who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy , has published five out of a planned seven volumes .","The fifth and most recent volume of the series published in 2011 , A Dance with Dragons , took Martin five years to write .","He is still writing the sixth novel , The Winds of Winter ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"No.  Martin, who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy, has published five out of a planned seven volumes.   He is still writing the sixth novel, The Winds of Winter.","selected_sentences":["Martin , who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy , has published five out of a planned seven volumes .","He is still writing the sixth novel , The Winds of Winter ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The Winds of Winter, the sixth book out of seven books the American novelist and screenwriter George R.R. Martin planned to publish, is still being written.","selected_sentences":["A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R.R. Martin .","Martin , who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy , has published five out of a planned seven volumes .","He is still writing the sixth novel , The Winds of Winter ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"4697816389704341772","input":"what kanye west song starts with a piano","passages":[{"title":"Runaway (Kanye West song)","text":"The song takes influences from the hip hop genre and contains a large array of musical instruments . The song begins with a sparse , isolated sounding piano melody that drones on during the start of the song . After about a minute and a half , West provides his first verse . West sings `` you 've been putting up with my shit just way too long , '' before launching into the ironic chorus of `` let 's have a toast for the douchebags '' . A vocal sample of `` Look at you ! Look at you ! '' is also heard throughout the song at seemingly random points , excerpted from Rick James ' 1981 live performance in Long Beach , California . West begs his girlfriend to `` run away '' from his destructive behavior , warning her of further behavior , while also dwelling on his own intimacy issues . The piano chord that introduces the song continues on , but the production then introduces a forceful cello and a light string section . The second verse is delivered by Pusha T who is used as a juxtaposition against West ; where West is heartfelt and sincere towards his girlfriend the song , Pusha T is rude towards his and also glorifies cocaine dealing . ","sentences":["The song takes influences from the hip hop genre and contains a large array of musical instruments .","The song begins with a sparse , isolated sounding piano melody that drones on during the start of the song .","After about a minute and a half , West provides his first verse .","West sings `` you 've been putting up with my shit just way too long , '' before launching into the ironic chorus of `` let 's have a toast for the douchebags '' .","A vocal sample of `` Look at you !","Look at you ! ''","is also heard throughout the song at seemingly random points , excerpted from Rick James ' 1981 live performance in Long Beach , California .","West begs his girlfriend to `` run away '' from his destructive behavior , warning her of further behavior , while also dwelling on his own intimacy issues .","The piano chord that introduces the song continues on , but the production then introduces a forceful cello and a light string section .","The second verse is delivered by Pusha T who is used as a juxtaposition against West ; where West is heartfelt and sincere towards his girlfriend the song , Pusha T is rude towards his and also glorifies cocaine dealing ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The song begins with a sparse , isolated sounding piano melody that drones on during the start of the song .\r\nThen West sings `` you 've been putting up with my shit just way too long , '' before launching into the ironic chorus of `` let 's have a toast for the douchebags '' .","selected_sentences":["The song begins with a sparse , isolated sounding piano melody that drones on during the start of the song .","West sings `` you 've been putting up with my shit just way too long , '' before launching into the ironic chorus of `` let 's have a toast for the douchebags '' ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The song is Runaway and begins with a sparse, isolated sounding piano melody that drones on during the start of the song. Then West sings `` you 've been putting up with my shit just way too long, '' before launching into the ironic chorus of `` let 's have a toast for the douchebags ''.","selected_sentences":["The song begins with a sparse , isolated sounding piano melody that drones on during the start of the song .","West sings `` you 've been putting up with my shit just way too long , '' before launching into the ironic chorus of `` let 's have a toast for the douchebags '' ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-8687340786359128185","input":"who came up with the concept of time","passages":[{"title":"Time","text":"Artifacts from the Paleolithic suggest that the moon was used to reckon time as early as 6,000 years ago . Lunar calendars were among the first to appear , either 12 or 13 lunar months ( either 354 or 384 days ) . Without intercalation to add days or months to some years , seasons quickly drift in a calendar based solely on twelve lunar months . Lunisolar calendars have a thirteenth month added to some years to make up for the difference between a full year ( now known to be about 365.24 days ) and a year of just twelve lunar months . The numbers twelve and thirteen came to feature prominently in many cultures , at least partly due to this relationship of months to years . Other early forms of calendars originated in Mesoamerica , particularly in ancient Mayan civilization . These calendars were religiously and astronomically based , with 18 months in a year and 20 days in a month , plus five epagomenal days at the end of the year . ","sentences":["Artifacts from the Paleolithic suggest that the moon was used to reckon time as early as 6,000 years ago .","Lunar calendars were among the first to appear , either 12 or 13 lunar months ( either 354 or 384 days ) .","Without intercalation to add days or months to some years , seasons quickly drift in a calendar based solely on twelve lunar months .","Lunisolar calendars have a thirteenth month added to some years to make up for the difference between a full year ( now known to be about 365.24 days ) and a year of just twelve lunar months .","The numbers twelve and thirteen came to feature prominently in many cultures , at least partly due to this relationship of months to years .","Other early forms of calendars originated in Mesoamerica , particularly in ancient Mayan civilization .","These calendars were religiously and astronomically based , with 18 months in a year and 20 days in a month , plus five epagomenal days at the end of the year ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Artifacts from the Paleolithic suggest that the moon was used to reckon time as early as 6,000 years ago.   Other early forms of calendars originated in Mesoamerica, particularly in ancient Mayan civilization.","selected_sentences":["Artifacts from the Paleolithic suggest that the moon was used to reckon time as early as 6,000 years ago .","Other early forms of calendars originated in Mesoamerica , particularly in ancient Mayan civilization ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"3355180096232411678","input":"present position of cotton textile industry in india","passages":[{"title":"Textile industry in India","text":"India is the second largest producer of fibre in the world and the major fibre produced is cotton . Other fibres produced in India include silk , jute , wool , and man - made fibers . 60 % of the Indian textile Industry is cotton based . The strong domestic demand and the revival of the Economic markets by 2009 has led to huge growth of the Indian textile industry . In December 2010 , the domestic cotton price was up by 50 % as compared to the December 2009 prices . The causes behind high cotton price are due to the floods in Pakistan and China . India projected a high production of textile ( 325 lakh bales for 2010 - 11 ) . There has been increase in India 's share of global textile trading to seven percent in five years . The rising prices are the major concern of the domestic producers of the country . ","sentences":["India is the second largest producer of fibre in the world and the major fibre produced is cotton .","Other fibres produced in India include silk , jute , wool , and man - made fibers .","60 % of the Indian textile Industry is cotton based .","The strong domestic demand and the revival of the Economic markets by 2009 has led to huge growth of the Indian textile industry .","In December 2010 , the domestic cotton price was up by 50 % as compared to the December 2009 prices .","The causes behind high cotton price are due to the floods in Pakistan and China .","India projected a high production of textile ( 325 lakh bales for 2010 - 11 ) .","There has been increase in India 's share of global textile trading to seven percent in five years .","The rising prices are the major concern of the domestic producers of the country ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"60 % of the Indian textile Industry is cotton based.  The strong domestic demand and the revival of the Economic markets by 2009 has led to huge growth of the Indian textile industry.  In December 2010, the domestic cotton price was up by 50 % as compared to the December 2009 prices.   India projected a high production of textile (325 lakh bales for 2010 - 11).  There has been increase in India's share of global textile trading to seven percent in five years.  The rising prices are the major concern of the domestic producers of the country.","selected_sentences":["60 % of the Indian textile Industry is cotton based .","The strong domestic demand and the revival of the Economic markets by 2009 has led to huge growth of the Indian textile industry .","In December 2010 , the domestic cotton price was up by 50 % as compared to the December 2009 prices .","India projected a high production of textile ( 325 lakh bales for 2010 - 11 ) .","There has been increase in India 's share of global textile trading to seven percent in five years .","The rising prices are the major concern of the domestic producers of the country ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The strong domestic demand and the revival of the Economic markets by 2009 has led to huge growth of the Indian textile industry, 60 % of which is cotton based. India projected a high production of textile (325 lakh bales for 2010 - 11). There has been increase in India's share of global textile trading to seven percent in five years. The rising prices are the major concern of the domestic producers of the country.","selected_sentences":["60 % of the Indian textile Industry is cotton based .","The strong domestic demand and the revival of the Economic markets by 2009 has led to huge growth of the Indian textile industry .","India projected a high production of textile ( 325 lakh bales for 2010 - 11 ) .","There has been increase in India 's share of global textile trading to seven percent in five years .","The rising prices are the major concern of the domestic producers of the country ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-8781018365983812218","input":"what does the toyota tundra 1794 edition mean","passages":[{"title":"Toyota Tundra","text":"For the 2014 model year Toyota introduced the 1794 Edition Tundra , designed as a top tier luxury model to compete with the Chevrolet Silverado High Country , Ford King Ranch , Ram Laramie and GMC Denali . The Toyota Tundra plant sits on land that Toyota purchased from the oldest working cattle ranch in Texas . 1794 , refers to the year that this ranch was established by Spanish colonist Juan Ignacio de Casanova . The 1794 Edition is a Western themed package which includes Lexus - grade saddle brown leather interior , heated \/ cooled \/ powered front seats , wood trimmed steering wheel and dash , power sunroof , blind spot monitoring , an Etune Premium JBL sound system with a navigation system , unique 20 '' Alloy wheels and 1794 Badging . The seats on the 1794 are finished in leather and a suede - like material and features contrasting stitching . The dash and door panels also have leather trimmed surfaces along with wood accents . TRD ","sentences":["For the 2014 model year Toyota introduced the 1794 Edition Tundra , designed as a top tier luxury model to compete with the Chevrolet Silverado High Country , Ford King Ranch , Ram Laramie and GMC Denali .","The Toyota Tundra plant sits on land that Toyota purchased from the oldest working cattle ranch in Texas .","1794 , refers to the year that this ranch was established by Spanish colonist Juan Ignacio de Casanova .","The 1794 Edition is a Western themed package which includes Lexus - grade saddle brown leather interior , heated \/ cooled \/ powered front seats , wood trimmed steering wheel and dash , power sunroof , blind spot monitoring , an Etune Premium JBL sound system with a navigation system , unique 20 '' Alloy wheels and 1794 Badging .","The seats on the 1794 are finished in leather and a suede - like material and features contrasting stitching .","The dash and door panels also have leather trimmed surfaces along with wood accents .","TRD"]}],"output":[{"answer":"Toyota introduced the 1794 Edition Tundra ,which is designed as a top tier luxury model to compete with the Chevrolet Silverado High Country , Ford King Ranch , Ram Laramie and GMC Denali .\r\nThe 1794 Edition is a Western themed package which includes Lexus - grade saddle brown leather interior , heated \/ cooled \/ powered front seats , wood trimmed steering wheel and dash , power sunroof , blind spot monitoring , an Etune Premium JBL sound system with a navigation system , unique 20 '' Alloy wheels and 1794 Badging .","selected_sentences":["For the 2014 model year Toyota introduced the 1794 Edition Tundra , designed as a top tier luxury model to compete with the Chevrolet Silverado High Country , Ford King Ranch , Ram Laramie and GMC Denali .","The 1794 Edition is a Western themed package which includes Lexus - grade saddle brown leather interior , heated \/ cooled \/ powered front seats , wood trimmed steering wheel and dash , power sunroof , blind spot monitoring , an Etune Premium JBL sound system with a navigation system , unique 20 '' Alloy wheels and 1794 Badging ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"54652590347694060","input":"what is the meaning of rihanna's song diamonds","passages":[{"title":"Diamonds (Rihanna song)","text":"Lyrically , `` Diamonds '' is a departure from Rihanna 's recurring themes of unhealthy relationships on her other songs , and contains a prominent concept of love . The first verse introduces the song 's concept : `` Find light in the beautiful sea \/ I choose to be happy \/ You and I , you and I \/ We 're like diamonds in the sky . '' The hook continues this metaphor : `` So shine bright , tonight , you and I \/ We 're beautiful like diamonds in the sky \/ Eye to eye , so alive . '' According to Glenn Yoder of The Boston Globe , the song shows Rihanna differently than how she is viewed by the public because of lyrics such as `` I choose to be happy '' and `` We 're like diamonds in the sky '' . James Montgomery of MTV News commented that she embraces the positivity and fulfillment of a realized relationship , particularly with the line `` When you hold me , I 'm alive '' , and admits `` I knew that we 'd become one right away '' . Lindsay DiMattina of Hollywood.com interpreted that Rihanna is crying out for her lover when she sings lines such as , `` When you hold me , I 'm alive , '' and `` At first sight I felt the energy of sun rays \/ I saw the life inside your eyes . '' The Herald Sun asserted that the lyrics were most likely inspired by Rihanna 's private life . ","sentences":["Lyrically , `` Diamonds '' is a departure from Rihanna 's recurring themes of unhealthy relationships on her other songs , and contains a prominent concept of love .","The first verse introduces the song 's concept : `` Find light in the beautiful sea \/ I choose to be happy \/","You and I , you and I \/","We 're like diamonds in the sky . ''","The hook continues this metaphor : `` So shine bright , tonight , you and I \/","We 're beautiful like diamonds in the sky \/ Eye to eye , so alive . ''","According to Glenn Yoder of The Boston Globe , the song shows Rihanna differently than how she is viewed by the public because of lyrics such as `` I choose to be happy '' and `` We 're like diamonds in the sky '' .","James Montgomery of MTV News commented that she embraces the positivity and fulfillment of a realized relationship , particularly with the line `` When you hold me , I 'm alive '' , and admits `` I knew that we 'd become one right away '' .","Lindsay DiMattina of Hollywood.com interpreted that Rihanna is crying out for her lover when she sings lines such as , `` When you hold me , I 'm alive , '' and `` At first sight I felt the energy of sun rays \/","I saw the life inside your eyes . ''","The Herald Sun asserted that the lyrics were most likely inspired by Rihanna 's private life ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The Herald Sun asserted that the lyrics were most likely inspired by Rihanna 's private life .\r\nShe embraces the positivity and fulfillment of a realized relationship , particularly with the line `` When you hold me , I 'm alive '' , and admits `` I knew that we 'd become one right away '' .","selected_sentences":["James Montgomery of MTV News commented that she embraces the positivity and fulfillment of a realized relationship , particularly with the line `` When you hold me , I 'm alive '' , and admits `` I knew that we 'd become one right away '' .","The Herald Sun asserted that the lyrics were most likely inspired by Rihanna 's private life ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The Herald Sun asserted that the lyrics were most likely inspired by Rihanna 's private life . Lyrically , `` Diamonds '' is a departure from Rihanna 's recurring themes of unhealthy relationships on her other songs , and contains a prominent concept of love . She embraces the positivity and fulfillment of a realized relationship , particularly with the line `` When you hold me , I 'm alive '' , and admits `` I knew that we 'd become one right away '' .","selected_sentences":["Lyrically , `` Diamonds '' is a departure from Rihanna 's recurring themes of unhealthy relationships on her other songs , and contains a prominent concept of love .","James Montgomery of MTV News commented that she embraces the positivity and fulfillment of a realized relationship , particularly with the line `` When you hold me , I 'm alive '' , and admits `` I knew that we 'd become one right away '' .","The Herald Sun asserted that the lyrics were most likely inspired by Rihanna 's private life ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-6833142467846046261","input":"who wrote the book mark in the bible","passages":[{"title":"Gospel of Mark","text":"The Gospel of Mark was written anonymously . Early Christian tradition ascribes it to John Mark , a companion and interpreter of the apostle Peter . Hence its author is often called Mark , even though most modern scholars are doubtful of the Markan tradition and instead regard the author as unknown . It was probably written c . AD 66 -- 70 , during Nero 's persecution of the Christians in Rome or the Jewish revolt , as suggested by internal references to war in Judea and to persecution . The author used a variety of pre-existing sources , such as conflict stories ( Mark 2 : 1 -- 3 : 6 ) , apocalyptic discourse ( 4 : 1 -- 35 ) , and collections of sayings ( although not the Gospel of Thomas and probably not the Q source ) . ","sentences":["The Gospel of Mark was written anonymously .","Early Christian tradition ascribes it to John Mark , a companion and interpreter of the apostle Peter .","Hence its author is often called Mark , even though most modern scholars are doubtful of the Markan tradition and instead regard the author as unknown .","It was probably written c .","AD 66 -- 70 , during Nero 's persecution of the Christians in Rome or the Jewish revolt , as suggested by internal references to war in Judea and to persecution .","The author used a variety of pre-existing sources , such as conflict stories ( Mark 2 : 1 -- 3 : 6 ) , apocalyptic discourse ( 4 : 1 -- 35 ) , and collections of sayings ( although not the Gospel of Thomas and probably not the Q source ) ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The Gospel of Mark was written anonymously .\r\nIts author is often called Mark , even though most modern scholars are doubtful of the Markan tradition and instead regard the author as unknown .","selected_sentences":["The Gospel of Mark was written anonymously .","Hence its author is often called Mark , even though most modern scholars are doubtful of the Markan tradition and instead regard the author as unknown ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The Gospel of Mark was written anonymously.  Early Christian tradition ascribes it to John Mark, hence, its author is often called Mark, though most modern scholars regard the author as unknown.","selected_sentences":["The Gospel of Mark was written anonymously .","Early Christian tradition ascribes it to John Mark , a companion and interpreter of the apostle Peter .","Hence its author is often called Mark , even though most modern scholars are doubtful of the Markan tradition and instead regard the author as unknown ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-6333085104023663146","input":"how are the waters of hydration eliminated from a hydrated compound","passages":[{"title":"Hydrate","text":"In organic chemistry , a hydrate is a compound formed by the addition of water or its elements to another molecule . For example : ethanol , CH -- CH -- OH , is the product of the hydration reaction of ethene , CH = CH , formed by the addition of H to one C and OH to the other C , and so can be considered as the hydrate of ethene . A molecule of water may be eliminated , for example by the action of sulfuric acid . Another example is chloral hydrate , CCl -- CH ( OH ) , which can be formed by reaction of water with chloral , CCl -- CH =O . ","sentences":["In organic chemistry , a hydrate is a compound formed by the addition of water or its elements to another molecule .","For example : ethanol , CH -- CH -- OH , is the product of the hydration reaction of ethene , CH =","CH , formed by the addition of H to one C and OH to the other C , and so can be considered as the hydrate of ethene .","A molecule of water may be eliminated , for example by the action of sulfuric acid .","Another example is chloral hydrate , CCl -- CH ( OH ) , which can be formed by reaction of water with chloral , CCl -- CH =O ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"In organic chemistry , a hydrate is a compound formed by the addition of water. A molecule of water may be eliminated , for example by the action of sulfuric acid.","selected_sentences":["In organic chemistry , a hydrate is a compound formed by the addition of water or its elements to another molecule .","A molecule of water may be eliminated , for example by the action of sulfuric acid ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Adding water or its elements to another molecule results in a hydration water, the molecule of which can be eliminated by the action of sulfuric acid.","selected_sentences":["In organic chemistry , a hydrate is a compound formed by the addition of water or its elements to another molecule .","A molecule of water may be eliminated , for example by the action of sulfuric acid ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-7161860190095334095","input":"what is the meaning of the word macedonia","passages":[{"title":"Macedonia (terminology)","text":"The name Macedonia derives from the Greek \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 ( Makedon\u00eda ) , a kingdom ( later , region ) named after the ancient Macedonians . Their name , \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 ( Maked\u00f3nes ) , is cognate to the Ancient Greek adjective \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 ( makedn\u00f3s ) , meaning `` tall , slim '' . It was traditionally derived from the Indo - European root * mak - , meaning ' long ' or ' slender ' ( attested in Homer , and recorded by Hesychius of Alexandria as a Doric word meaning `` large '' ) , or makros ( ' long , large ' ) , as well as related words in other Indo - European languages . It is commonly explained as having originally meant ' the tall ones ' or ' highlanders ' . However , according to modern research by Robert S.P. Beekes , both terms are of Pre-Greek substrate origin and can not be explained in terms of Indo - European morphology . ","sentences":["The name Macedonia derives from the Greek \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 ( Makedon\u00eda ) , a kingdom ( later , region ) named after the ancient Macedonians .","Their name , \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 ( Maked\u00f3nes ) , is cognate to the Ancient Greek adjective \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 ( makedn\u00f3s ) , meaning `` tall , slim '' .","It was traditionally derived from the Indo - European root * mak - , meaning ' long ' or ' slender ' ( attested in Homer , and recorded by Hesychius of Alexandria as a Doric word meaning `` large '' ) , or makros ( ' long , large ' ) , as well as related words in other Indo - European languages .","It is commonly explained as having originally meant ' the tall ones ' or ' highlanders ' .","However , according to modern research by Robert S.P. Beekes , both terms are of Pre-Greek substrate origin and can not be explained in terms of Indo - European morphology ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The name Macedonia derives from the Greek Makedonia, a kingdom named after the ancient Macedonians. Relations to Indo-European languages has been negated in modern research by Robert S.P. Beekes.","selected_sentences":["The name Macedonia derives from the Greek \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 ( Makedon\u00eda ) , a kingdom ( later , region ) named after the ancient Macedonians .","However , according to modern research by Robert S.P. Beekes , both terms are of Pre-Greek substrate origin and can not be explained in terms of Indo - European morphology ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The name Macedonia derives from the Greek Makedon\u00eda, and it is cognate to the Ancient Greek adjective \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 ( makedn\u00f3s ) , meaning `` tall , slim '' . It was traditionally derived from the Indo - European root * mak - , meaning ' long ' or ' slender ' , or makros ( ' long , large ' ). It is commonly explained as having originally meant ' the tall ones ' or ' highlanders ' . However , according to modern research by Robert S.P. Beekes , both terms are of Pre-Greek substrate origin and can not be explained in terms of Indo - European morphology .","selected_sentences":["The name Macedonia derives from the Greek \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 ( Makedon\u00eda ) , a kingdom ( later , region ) named after the ancient Macedonians .","Their name , \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 ( Maked\u00f3nes ) , is cognate to the Ancient Greek adjective \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 ( makedn\u00f3s ) , meaning `` tall , slim '' .","It was traditionally derived from the Indo - European root * mak - , meaning ' long ' or ' slender ' ( attested in Homer , and recorded by Hesychius of Alexandria as a Doric word meaning `` large '' ) , or makros ( ' long , large ' ) , as well as related words in other Indo - European languages .","It is commonly explained as having originally meant ' the tall ones ' or ' highlanders ' .","However , according to modern research by Robert S.P. Beekes , both terms are of Pre-Greek substrate origin and can not be explained in terms of Indo - European morphology ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-6773951822001912626","input":"who is rosaline and how is she related to the capulets","passages":[{"title":"Rosaline","text":"Before Romeo meets Juliet , he loves Rosaline , Capulet 's niece and Juliet 's cousin . He describes her as wonderfully beautiful : `` The all - seeing sun \/ ne'er saw her match since first the world begun . '' Rosaline , however , chooses to remain chaste ; Romeo says : `` She hath forsworn to love , and in that vow \/ Do I live dead that live to tell it now . '' This is the source of his depression , and he makes his friends unhappy ; Mercutio comments : `` That same pale , hard - hearted wench , that Rosaline , torments him so that he will sure run mad . '' Benvolio urges Romeo to sneak into a Capulet gathering where , he claims , Rosaline will look like `` a crow '' alongside the other beautiful women . Romeo agrees , but doubts Benvolio 's assessment . After Romeo sees Juliet his feelings suddenly change : `` Did my heart love till now ? Forswear it , sight \/ For I ne'er saw true beauty till this night . '' Because their relationship is sudden and secret , Romeo 's friends and Friar Laurence continue to speak of his affection for Rosaline throughout much of the play . ","sentences":["Before Romeo meets Juliet , he loves Rosaline , Capulet 's niece and Juliet 's cousin .","He describes her as wonderfully beautiful : `` The all - seeing sun \/","ne'er saw her match since first the world begun . ''","Rosaline , however , chooses to remain chaste ; Romeo says : `` She hath forsworn to love , and in that vow \/","Do I live dead that live to tell it now . ''","This is the source of his depression , and he makes his friends unhappy ; Mercutio comments : `` That same pale , hard - hearted wench , that Rosaline , torments him so that he will sure run mad . ''","Benvolio urges Romeo to sneak into a Capulet gathering where , he claims , Rosaline will look like `` a crow '' alongside the other beautiful women .","Romeo agrees , but doubts Benvolio 's assessment .","After Romeo sees Juliet his feelings suddenly change : `` Did my heart love till now ?","Forswear it , sight \/ For I ne'er saw true beauty till this night . ''","Because their relationship is sudden and secret , Romeo 's friends and Friar Laurence continue to speak of his affection for Rosaline throughout much of the play ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Rosaline, Capulet's niece and Juliet's cousin, is loved by Juliet, however, Rosaline chooses to remain chaste.","selected_sentences":["Before Romeo meets Juliet , he loves Rosaline , Capulet 's niece and Juliet 's cousin .","Rosaline , however , chooses to remain chaste ; Romeo says : `` She hath forsworn to love , and in that vow \/"],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Rosaline, Capulet's niece and Juliet's cousin, is loved by Romeo, however, Rosaline chooses to remain chaste.","selected_sentences":["Before Romeo meets Juliet , he loves Rosaline , Capulet 's niece and Juliet 's cousin .","Rosaline , however , chooses to remain chaste ; Romeo says : `` She hath forsworn to love , and in that vow \/"],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-4691971538237144548","input":"who talks for simba in the lion king","passages":[{"title":"Simba","text":"Matthew Broderick provided the speaking voice of Adult Simba . The first actor to be assigned to The Lion King , Broderick learned of the role while he was on vacation in Ireland , where he received a telephone call from his agent informing him that the directors were interested in casting him as Simba . At the time , Broderick was well known for portraying the title character in Ferris Bueller 's Day Off ( 1986 ) . The directors decided to cast him as Simba because they felt that he was `` perfect '' for the role ; according to producer Don Hahn , Broderick 's voice resembled `` the kind of character who could be irresponsible and likeable , but you also felt that he could come back in a very heroic way . '' Jonathan Taylor Thomas , who was starring as Randy Taylor on the television sitcom Home Improvement at the time , was cast as the speaking voice of Young Simba . His appearance and personality would later serve as creative inspiration for supervising animator Mark Henn . ","sentences":["Matthew Broderick provided the speaking voice of Adult Simba .","The first actor to be assigned to The Lion King , Broderick learned of the role while he was on vacation in Ireland , where he received a telephone call from his agent informing him that the directors were interested in casting him as Simba .","At the time , Broderick was well known for portraying the title character in Ferris Bueller 's Day Off ( 1986 ) .","The directors decided to cast him as Simba because they felt that he was `` perfect '' for the role ; according to producer Don Hahn , Broderick 's voice resembled `` the kind of character who could be irresponsible and likeable , but you also felt that he could come back in a very heroic way . ''","Jonathan Taylor Thomas , who was starring as Randy Taylor on the television sitcom Home Improvement at the time , was cast as the speaking voice of Young Simba .","His appearance and personality would later serve as creative inspiration for supervising animator Mark Henn ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Matthew Broderick provided the speaking voice of Adult Simba and Jonathan Taylor Thomas was cast as the speaking voice of Young Simba .","selected_sentences":["Matthew Broderick provided the speaking voice of Adult Simba .","Jonathan Taylor Thomas , who was starring as Randy Taylor on the television sitcom Home Improvement at the time , was cast as the speaking voice of Young Simba ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"3361627022695645375","input":"what were the original casinos in las vegas","passages":[{"title":"Las Vegas Strip","text":"The first casino to be built on Highway 91 was the Pair - o - Dice Club in 1931 , but the first on what is currently the Strip was the El Rancho Vegas , opening on April 3 , 1941 , with 63 rooms . That casino stood for almost 20 years before being destroyed by a fire in 1960 . Its success spawned a second hotel on what would become the Strip , the Hotel Last Frontier , in 1942 . Organized crime figures such as New York 's Bugsy Siegel took interest in the growing gaming center leading to other resorts such as the Flamingo , which opened in 1946 , and the Desert Inn , which opened in 1950 . The funding for many projects was provided through the American National Insurance Company , which was based in the then notorious gambling empire of Galveston , Texas . The ","sentences":["The first casino to be built on Highway 91 was the Pair - o - Dice Club in 1931 , but the first on what is currently the Strip was the El Rancho Vegas , opening on April 3 , 1941 , with 63 rooms .","That casino stood for almost 20 years before being destroyed by a fire in 1960 .","Its success spawned a second hotel on what would become the Strip , the Hotel Last Frontier , in 1942 .","Organized crime figures such as New York 's Bugsy Siegel took interest in the growing gaming center leading to other resorts such as the Flamingo , which opened in 1946 , and the Desert Inn , which opened in 1950 .","The funding for many projects was provided through the American National Insurance Company , which was based in the then notorious gambling empire of Galveston , Texas .","The"]}],"output":[{"answer":"The original casinos in Las Vegas were the Pair-o-Dice Club, El Rancho Vegas. the Hotel Last Frontier, the Flamingo and the Desert Inn.","selected_sentences":["The first casino to be built on Highway 91 was the Pair - o - Dice Club in 1931 , but the first on what is currently the Strip was the El Rancho Vegas , opening on April 3 , 1941 , with 63 rooms .","Its success spawned a second hotel on what would become the Strip , the Hotel Last Frontier , in 1942 .","Organized crime figures such as New York 's Bugsy Siegel took interest in the growing gaming center leading to other resorts such as the Flamingo , which opened in 1946 , and the Desert Inn , which opened in 1950 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The first casino to be built on Highway 91 was the Pair - o - Dice Club in 1931 , but the first on what is currently the Strip was the El Rancho Vegas , opening on April 3 , 1941 , with 63 rooms .","selected_sentences":["The first casino to be built on Highway 91 was the Pair - o - Dice Club in 1931 , but the first on what is currently the Strip was the El Rancho Vegas , opening on April 3 , 1941 , with 63 rooms ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-3913791558291967751","input":"where is river narmada located in india map","passages":[{"title":"Narmada River","text":"The Narmada , also called the Rewa and previously also known as Nerbudda , even Shankari , is a river in central India and the sixth longest river in the Indian subcontinent . It is the third longest river that flows entirely within India , after the Godavari , and the Krishna . It is also known as `` Life Line of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh '' for its huge contribution to the state of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh in many ways . Narmada rises from Amarkantak Plateau near Anuppur district . It forms the traditional boundary between North India and South India and flows westwards over a length of 1,312 km ( 815.2 mi ) before draining through the Gulf of Khambhat into the Arabian Sea , 30 km ( 18.6 mi ) west of Bharuch city of Gujarat . ","sentences":["The Narmada , also called the Rewa and previously also known as Nerbudda , even Shankari , is a river in central India and the sixth longest river in the Indian subcontinent .","It is the third longest river that flows entirely within India , after the Godavari , and the Krishna .","It is also known as `` Life Line of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh '' for its huge contribution to the state of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh in many ways .","Narmada rises from Amarkantak Plateau near Anuppur district .","It forms the traditional boundary between North India and South India and flows westwards over a length of 1,312 km ( 815.2 mi ) before draining through the Gulf of Khambhat into the Arabian Sea , 30 km ( 18.6 mi ) west of Bharuch city of Gujarat ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The river Narmada is located in central India. It rises from Amarkantak Plateau near Anuppur district.","selected_sentences":["The Narmada , also called the Rewa and previously also known as Nerbudda , even Shankari , is a river in central India and the sixth longest river in the Indian subcontinent .","Narmada rises from Amarkantak Plateau near Anuppur district ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The river Narmada is located in central India. It rises from Amarkantak Plateau near Anuppur district. It forms the traditional boundary between North India and South India and flows westwards over a length of 1,312 km ( 815.2 mi ) before draining through the Gulf of Khambhat into the Arabian Sea , 30 km ( 18.6 mi ) west of Bharuch city of Gujarat .","selected_sentences":["The Narmada , also called the Rewa and previously also known as Nerbudda , even Shankari , is a river in central India and the sixth longest river in the Indian subcontinent .","Narmada rises from Amarkantak Plateau near Anuppur district .","It forms the traditional boundary between North India and South India and flows westwards over a length of 1,312 km ( 815.2 mi ) before draining through the Gulf of Khambhat into the Arabian Sea , 30 km ( 18.6 mi ) west of Bharuch city of Gujarat ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"4088290661268897018","input":"what is the purpose of court of appeals","passages":[{"title":"Court of Appeals of the Philippines","text":"The Court of Appeals of the Philippines ( Filipino : Hukuman ng Apelasyon ng Pilipinas ) is the Philippines ' second - highest judicial court , just after the Supreme Court . The court consists of 69 Associate Justices and 1 Presiding Justice . Under the Constitution , the Court of Appeals ( CA ) `` reviews not only the decisions and orders of the Regional Trial Courts nationwide but also those of the Court of Tax Appeals , as well as the awards , judgments , final orders or resolutions of , or authorized by 21 Quasi-Judicial Agencies exercising quasi-judicial functions mentioned in Rule 43 of the 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure , plus the National Amnesty Commission ( Pres . Proclamation No. 347 of 1994 ) and Office of the Ombudsman ( Fabian v. Desierto , 295 SCRA 470 ) . Under RA 9282 , which elevated the CTA to the same level of the CA , CTA en banc decisions are now subject to review by the Supreme Court instead of the CA ( as opposed to what is currently provided in Section 1 , Rule 43 of the Rules of Court ) . Added to the formidable list are the decisions and resolutions of the National Labor Relations Commission ( NLRC ) which are now initially reviewable by this court , instead of a direct recourse to the Supreme Court , via petition for certiorari under Rule 65 ( St. Martin Funeral Homes v. NLRC , 295 SCRA 414 ) '' . ","sentences":["The Court of Appeals of the Philippines ( Filipino : Hukuman ng Apelasyon ng Pilipinas ) is the Philippines ' second - highest judicial court , just after the Supreme Court .","The court consists of 69 Associate Justices and 1 Presiding Justice .","Under the Constitution , the Court of Appeals ( CA )","`` reviews not only the decisions and orders of the Regional Trial Courts nationwide but also those of the Court of Tax Appeals , as well as the awards , judgments , final orders or resolutions of , or authorized by 21 Quasi-Judicial Agencies exercising quasi-judicial functions mentioned in Rule 43 of the 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure , plus the National Amnesty Commission ( Pres .","Proclamation No.","347 of 1994 ) and Office of the Ombudsman ( Fabian v. Desierto , 295 SCRA 470 ) .","Under RA 9282 , which elevated the CTA to the same level of the CA , CTA en banc decisions are now subject to review by the Supreme Court instead of the CA ( as opposed to what is currently provided in Section 1 , Rule 43 of the Rules of Court ) .","Added to the formidable list are the decisions and resolutions of the National Labor Relations Commission ( NLRC ) which are now initially reviewable by this court , instead of a direct recourse to the Supreme Court , via petition for certiorari under Rule 65 ( St. Martin Funeral Homes v. NLRC , 295 SCRA 414 ) '' ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Under the Constitution, the Court of Appeals of the Philippines \"reviews not only the decisions and orders of the Regional Trial Courts nationwide but also those of the Court of Tax Appeals, as well as the awards, judgments, final orders or resolutions of, or authorized by 21 Quasi-Judicial Agencies exercising quasi-judicial functions mentioned in Rule 43 of the 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure, plus the National Amnesty Commission\r\nand Office of the Ombudsman, as well as the decisions and resolutions of the National Labor Relations Commission which are now initially reviewable by this court via petition for certiorari under Rule 65.\"","selected_sentences":["Under the Constitution , the Court of Appeals ( CA )","`` reviews not only the decisions and orders of the Regional Trial Courts nationwide but also those of the Court of Tax Appeals , as well as the awards , judgments , final orders or resolutions of , or authorized by 21 Quasi-Judicial Agencies exercising quasi-judicial functions mentioned in Rule 43 of the 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure , plus the National Amnesty Commission ( Pres .","Proclamation No.","347 of 1994 ) and Office of the Ombudsman ( Fabian v. Desierto , 295 SCRA 470 ) .","Added to the formidable list are the decisions and resolutions of the National Labor Relations Commission ( NLRC ) which are now initially reviewable by this court , instead of a direct recourse to the Supreme Court , via petition for certiorari under Rule 65 ( St. Martin Funeral Homes v. NLRC , 295 SCRA 414 ) '' ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"It reviews not only the decisions and orders of the Regional Trial Courts nationwide but also those of the Court of Tax Appeals , as well as the awards , judgments , final orders or resolutions of , or authorized by 21 Quasi-Judicial Agencies exercising quasi-judicial functions, plus the National Amnesty Commission and Office of the Ombudsman.\r\nIt also initially reviews the decisions and resolutions of the National Labor Relations Commission.","selected_sentences":["Under the Constitution , the Court of Appeals ( CA )","`` reviews not only the decisions and orders of the Regional Trial Courts nationwide but also those of the Court of Tax Appeals , as well as the awards , judgments , final orders or resolutions of , or authorized by 21 Quasi-Judicial Agencies exercising quasi-judicial functions mentioned in Rule 43 of the 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure , plus the National Amnesty Commission ( Pres .","Added to the formidable list are the decisions and resolutions of the National Labor Relations Commission ( NLRC ) which are now initially reviewable by this court , instead of a direct recourse to the Supreme Court , via petition for certiorari under Rule 65 ( St. Martin Funeral Homes v. NLRC , 295 SCRA 414 ) '' ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-6019826312891091394","input":"when is dragon ball super coming out in english","passages":[{"title":"List of Dragon Ball Super episodes","text":"Dragon Ball Super received an English - language dub that premiered on the Toonami channel in Southeast Asia and India in January 2017 . The series has been aired in Israel on Nickelodeon and in Portugal on SIC . Toei Animation Europe announced that Dragon Ball Super would be broadcast in France , Italy , Spain , and English - speaking Africa in Fall 2016 . An official English sub of the series would be simulcasted legally on Crunchyroll , Daisuki.net , and Anime Lab beginning October 22 , 2016 . Funimation announced the company acquired the rights to the series and will be producing an English dub . As well as officially announcing the dub , it was also announced they will be simulcasting the series on their streaming platform , FunimationNow . Funimation 's English dub of Dragon Ball Super started airing on Adult Swim 's Toonami block starting January 7 , 2017 . ","sentences":["Dragon Ball Super received an English - language dub that premiered on the Toonami channel in Southeast Asia and India in January 2017 .","The series has been aired in Israel on Nickelodeon and in Portugal on SIC .","Toei Animation Europe announced that Dragon Ball Super would be broadcast in France , Italy , Spain , and English - speaking Africa in Fall 2016 .","An official English sub of the series would be simulcasted legally on Crunchyroll , Daisuki.net , and Anime Lab beginning October 22 , 2016 .","Funimation announced the company acquired the rights to the series and will be producing an English dub .","As well as officially announcing the dub , it was also announced they will be simulcasting the series on their streaming platform , FunimationNow .","Funimation 's English dub of Dragon Ball Super started airing on Adult Swim 's Toonami block starting January 7 , 2017 ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"An official English sub of the series would be simulcasted legally on Crunchyroll, Daisuki.net, and Anime Lab beginning October 22, 2016.  Funimation's English dub of Dragon Ball Super started airing on Adult Swim's Toonami block starting January 7, 2017.","selected_sentences":["An official English sub of the series would be simulcasted legally on Crunchyroll , Daisuki.net , and Anime Lab beginning October 22 , 2016 .","Funimation 's English dub of Dragon Ball Super started airing on Adult Swim 's Toonami block starting January 7 , 2017 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-8799334786135262985","input":"where does the penobscot river start and end","passages":[{"title":"Penobscot River","text":"It arises from four branches in several lakes in north - central Maine , which flow generally east . After the uniting of the West Branch with the East Branch at Medway ( 45 \u00b0 36 \u2032 14 '' N 68 \u00b0 31 \u2032 52 '' W \ufeff \/ \ufeff 45.604 \u00b0 N 68.531 \u00b0 W \ufeff \/ 45.604 ; - 68.531 \ufeff ( Penobscot River source ) ) , the Penobscot flows 109 miles ( 175 km ) south , past the city of Bangor , where it becomes navigable . Also at Bangor is the tributary Kenduskeag Stream . It empties into the Atlantic Ocean in Penobscot Bay . It is home to the Penobscot people that live on Indian Island . ","sentences":["It arises from four branches in several lakes in north - central Maine , which flow generally east .","After the uniting of the West Branch with the East Branch at Medway ( 45 \u00b0 36 \u2032 14 '' N 68 \u00b0 31 \u2032 52 '' W \ufeff \/ \ufeff 45.604 \u00b0 N 68.531 \u00b0 W \ufeff \/ 45.604 ; - 68.531 \ufeff ( Penobscot River source ) ) , the Penobscot flows 109 miles ( 175 km ) south , past the city of Bangor , where it becomes navigable .","Also at Bangor is the tributary Kenduskeag Stream .","It empties into the Atlantic Ocean in Penobscot Bay .","It is home to the Penobscot people that live on Indian Island ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The Penobscot River arises from four branches in several lakes in north - central Maine.\r\nAfter uniting the West Branch with the East Branch at Medway, it flows past the city of Bangor.\r\nIt empties into the Atlantic Ocean in Penobscot Bay .","selected_sentences":["It arises from four branches in several lakes in north - central Maine , which flow generally east .","After the uniting of the West Branch with the East Branch at Medway ( 45 \u00b0 36 \u2032 14 '' N 68 \u00b0 31 \u2032 52 '' W \ufeff \/ \ufeff 45.604 \u00b0 N 68.531 \u00b0 W \ufeff \/ 45.604 ; - 68.531 \ufeff ( Penobscot River source ) ) , the Penobscot flows 109 miles ( 175 km ) south , past the city of Bangor , where it becomes navigable .","It empties into the Atlantic Ocean in Penobscot Bay ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976,45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"6503643630824298963","input":"who is the longest running character on general hospital","passages":[{"title":"General Hospital cast members","text":"General Hospital is an American television soap opera , airing on ABC . Created by Frank and Doris Hursley , the serial premiered on April 1 , 1963 . The longest - running cast member is Leslie Charleson , who has portrayed Dr. Monica Quartermaine since August 17 , 1977 , also making her one of the longest - tenured actors in American soap operas . Former cast member Rachel Ames was previously the series ' longest - running cast member , portraying Audrey Hardy from 1964 to 2007 , and making guest appearances in 2009 and 2013 , the latter for the series ' fiftieth anniversary . Ames made a special appearance on October 30 , 2015 . Actors Genie Francis and Kin Shriner , who portray Laura Spencer and Scott Baldwin , are the second and third longest - running cast members , having joined General Hospital in February and August 1977 , respectively . Actress Jacklyn Zeman -- who portrays Bobbie Spencer -- is the fourth longest - running cast member , joining the serial in December 1977 . Actress Jane Elliot , who joined the serial in June 1978 as Tracy Quartermaine , is the fifth longest - running cast member , joining General Hospital in June 1978 until her departure in May 2017 . Former cast member Anthony Geary , who portrayed Luke Spencer , was the sixth longest - running cast member , having joined General Hospital in November 1978 . The following list is of cast members who are currently on the show : the main and recurring cast members , or those who are debuting , departing or returning to the series . ","sentences":["General Hospital is an American television soap opera , airing on ABC .","Created by Frank and Doris Hursley , the serial premiered on April 1 , 1963 .","The longest - running cast member is Leslie Charleson , who has portrayed Dr. Monica Quartermaine since August 17 , 1977 , also making her one of the longest - tenured actors in American soap operas .","Former cast member Rachel Ames was previously the series ' longest - running cast member , portraying Audrey Hardy from 1964 to 2007 , and making guest appearances in 2009 and 2013 , the latter for the series ' fiftieth anniversary .","Ames made a special appearance on October 30 , 2015 .","Actors Genie Francis and Kin Shriner , who portray Laura Spencer and Scott Baldwin , are the second and third longest - running cast members , having joined General Hospital in February and August 1977 , respectively .","Actress Jacklyn Zeman -- who portrays Bobbie Spencer -- is the fourth longest - running cast member , joining the serial in December 1977 .","Actress Jane Elliot , who joined the serial in June 1978 as Tracy Quartermaine , is the fifth longest - running cast member , joining General Hospital in June 1978 until her departure in May 2017 .","Former cast member Anthony Geary , who portrayed Luke Spencer , was the sixth longest - running cast member , having joined General Hospital in November 1978 .","The following list is of cast members who are currently on the show : the main and recurring cast members , or those who are debuting , departing or returning to the series ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The longest running character in General Hospital is Dr. Monica Quartermaine who has been portrayed by Leslie Charleson since August 17 , 1977 .","selected_sentences":["General Hospital is an American television soap opera , airing on ABC .","The longest - running cast member is Leslie Charleson , who has portrayed Dr. Monica Quartermaine since August 17 , 1977 , also making her one of the longest - tenured actors in American soap operas ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624,47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"2853325097459087994","input":"what is the common name for salicylic acid","passages":[{"title":"Salicylic acid","text":"Salicylic acid ( from Latin salix , willow tree ) is a lipophilic monohydroxybenzoic acid , a type of phenolic acid , and a beta hydroxy acid ( BHA ) . It has the formula C H O . This colorless crystalline organic acid is widely used in organic synthesis and functions as a plant hormone . It is derived from the metabolism of salicin . In addition to serving as an important active metabolite of aspirin ( acetylsalicylic acid ) , which acts in part as a prodrug to salicylic acid , it is probably best known for its use as a key ingredient in topical anti-acne products . The salts and esters of salicylic acid are known as salicylates . ","sentences":["Salicylic acid ( from Latin salix , willow tree ) is a lipophilic monohydroxybenzoic acid , a type of phenolic acid , and a beta hydroxy acid ( BHA ) .","It has the formula C H O .","This colorless crystalline organic acid is widely used in organic synthesis and functions as a plant hormone .","It is derived from the metabolism of salicin .","In addition to serving as an important active metabolite of aspirin ( acetylsalicylic acid ) , which acts in part as a prodrug to salicylic acid , it is probably best known for its use as a key ingredient in topical anti-acne products .","The salts and esters of salicylic acid are known as salicylates ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Salicylic acid is a lipophilic monohydroxybenzoic acid, a type of phenolic acid, and a beta hydroxy acid.  It is an important active metabolite of aspirin, which acts in part as a prodrug to salicylic acid, it is probably best known for its use as a key ingredient in topical anti-acne products.","selected_sentences":["Salicylic acid ( from Latin salix , willow tree ) is a lipophilic monohydroxybenzoic acid , a type of phenolic acid , and a beta hydroxy acid ( BHA ) .","In addition to serving as an important active metabolite of aspirin ( acetylsalicylic acid ) , which acts in part as a prodrug to salicylic acid , it is probably best known for its use as a key ingredient in topical anti-acne products ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Salicylic acid is an important active metabolite of aspirin, which acts in part as a prodrug to salicylic acid, it is probably best known for its use as a key ingredient in topical anti-acne products.","selected_sentences":["Salicylic acid ( from Latin salix , willow tree ) is a lipophilic monohydroxybenzoic acid , a type of phenolic acid , and a beta hydroxy acid ( BHA ) .","In addition to serving as an important active metabolite of aspirin ( acetylsalicylic acid ) , which acts in part as a prodrug to salicylic acid , it is probably best known for its use as a key ingredient in topical anti-acne products ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"3166251051624897512","input":"where does water go after it enters a storm drain","passages":[{"title":"Storm drain","text":"Most drains have a single large exit at their point of discharge ( often covered by a grating ) into a canal , river , lake , reservoir , sea or ocean . Other than catchbasins , typically there are no treatment facilities in the piping system . Small storm drains may discharge into individual dry wells . Storm drains may be interconnected using slotted pipe , to make a larger dry well system . Storm drains may discharge into man - made excavations known as recharge basins or retention ponds . ","sentences":["Most drains have a single large exit at their point of discharge ( often covered by a grating ) into a canal , river , lake , reservoir , sea or ocean .","Other than catchbasins , typically there are no treatment facilities in the piping system .","Small storm drains may discharge into individual dry wells .","Storm drains may be interconnected using slotted pipe , to make a larger dry well system .","Storm drains may discharge into man - made excavations known as recharge basins or retention ponds ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Most drains have a single large exit at their point of discharge into a canal , river , lake , reservoir , sea or ocean, as well as discharge into man - made excavations known as recharge basins or retention ponds .","selected_sentences":["Most drains have a single large exit at their point of discharge ( often covered by a grating ) into a canal , river , lake , reservoir , sea or ocean .","Storm drains may discharge into man - made excavations known as recharge basins or retention ponds ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Most drains have a single large exit at their point of discharge ( often covered by a grating ) into a canal , river , lake , reservoir , sea or ocean . Small storm drains may discharge into individual dry wells . Storm drains may be interconnected using slotted pipe , to make a larger dry well system . Storm drains may discharge into man - made excavations known as recharge basins or retention ponds .","selected_sentences":["Most drains have a single large exit at their point of discharge ( often covered by a grating ) into a canal , river , lake , reservoir , sea or ocean .","Small storm drains may discharge into individual dry wells .","Storm drains may be interconnected using slotted pipe , to make a larger dry well system .","Storm drains may discharge into man - made excavations known as recharge basins or retention ponds ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-7063680354960177161","input":"how do they determine home court advantage in the nba finals","passages":[{"title":"2018 NBA Playoffs","text":"Each conference 's bracket is fixed ; there is no reseeding . All rounds are best - of - seven series ; the team that has four wins advances to the next round . All rounds , including the NBA Finals , are in a 2 -- 2 -- 1 -- 1 -- 1 format . Home court advantage in any round does not necessarily belong to the higher - seeded team , but instead to the team with the better regular season record . If two teams with the same record meet in a round , standard tiebreaker rules are used . The rule for determining home court advantage in the NBA Finals is winning percentage , then head to head record , followed by record vs. opposite conference . ","sentences":["Each conference 's bracket is fixed ; there is no reseeding .","All rounds are best - of - seven series ; the team that has four wins advances to the next round .","All rounds , including the NBA Finals , are in a 2 -- 2 -- 1 -- 1 -- 1 format .","Home court advantage in any round does not necessarily belong to the higher - seeded team , but instead to the team with the better regular season record .","If two teams with the same record meet in a round , standard tiebreaker rules are used .","The rule for determining home court advantage in the NBA Finals is winning percentage , then head to head record , followed by record vs. opposite conference ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Home court advantage in any round does not necessarily belong to the higher-seeded team, but instead to the team with the better regular season record.  The rule for determining home court advantage in the NBA Finals is winning percentage, then head to head record, followed by record vs. opposite conference.","selected_sentences":["Home court advantage in any round does not necessarily belong to the higher - seeded team , but instead to the team with the better regular season record .","The rule for determining home court advantage in the NBA Finals is winning percentage , then head to head record , followed by record vs. opposite conference ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The rule for determining home court advantage in the NBA Finals is winning percentage , then head to head record , followed by record vs. opposite conference .","selected_sentences":["The rule for determining home court advantage in the NBA Finals is winning percentage , then head to head record , followed by record vs. opposite conference ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-7869807512840841961","input":"what is accord and satisfaction in contractual terms","passages":[{"title":"Accord and satisfaction","text":"Accord and satisfaction is a settlement of an unliquidated debt . For example , a builder is contracted to build a homeowner a garage for $35,000 . The contract called for $17,500 prior to starting construction , to disburse $10,000 during various stages of construction , and to make a final payment of $7,500 at completion . At completion , the homeowner complained about inferior work quality and refused to make the final payment . After a mutual settlement agreement , the builder accepted $4,000 as full payment . Thereby , a new contract was formed by offer , acceptance , and consideration . The consideration is that for a $3,500 savings , the homeowner gives up that which he is entitled , a well - constructed garage . The builder gives up his right to full price to avoid suit for inferior performance . When accord and settlement has occurred , the homeowner and builder have given up his right to sue for more money under this settlement agreement . ","sentences":["Accord and satisfaction is a settlement of an unliquidated debt .","For example , a builder is contracted to build a homeowner a garage for $35,000 .","The contract called for $17,500 prior to starting construction , to disburse $10,000 during various stages of construction , and to make a final payment of $7,500 at completion .","At completion , the homeowner complained about inferior work quality and refused to make the final payment .","After a mutual settlement agreement , the builder accepted $4,000 as full payment .","Thereby , a new contract was formed by offer , acceptance , and consideration .","The consideration is that for a $3,500 savings , the homeowner gives up that which he is entitled , a well - constructed garage .","The builder gives up his right to full price to avoid suit for inferior performance .","When accord and settlement has occurred , the homeowner and builder have given up his right to sue for more money under this settlement agreement ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Accord and satisfaction is a settlement of an unliquidated debt . When accord and settlement has occurred , both parties have given up the right to sue for more money under this settlement agreement .","selected_sentences":["Accord and satisfaction is a settlement of an unliquidated debt .","When accord and settlement has occurred , the homeowner and builder have given up his right to sue for more money under this settlement agreement ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-6448570461904598731","input":"where do you expect to find a composite cone volcano","passages":[{"title":"Stratovolcano","text":"Stratovolcanoes are sometimes called `` composite volcanoes '' because of their composite layered structure built up from sequential outpourings of eruptive materials . They are among the most common types of volcanoes , in contrast to the less common shield volcanoes . Two famous stratovolcanoes are Krakatoa , best known for its catastrophic eruption in 1883 and Vesuvius , famous for its destruction of the towns Pompeii and Herculaneum in 79 CE . Both eruptions claimed thousands of lives . In modern times , Mount Saint Helens and Mount Pinatubo have erupted catastrophically . ","sentences":["Stratovolcanoes are sometimes called `` composite volcanoes '' because of their composite layered structure built up from sequential outpourings of eruptive materials .","They are among the most common types of volcanoes , in contrast to the less common shield volcanoes .","Two famous stratovolcanoes are Krakatoa , best known for its catastrophic eruption in 1883 and Vesuvius , famous for its destruction of the towns Pompeii and Herculaneum in 79 CE .","Both eruptions claimed thousands of lives .","In modern times , Mount Saint Helens and Mount Pinatubo have erupted catastrophically ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Stratovolcanoes are sometimes called \"composite volcanoes\" because of their composite layered structure built up from sequential outpourings of eruptive materials. Two famous stratovolcanoes are Krakatoa, best known for its catastrophic eruption in 1883 and Vesuvius, famous for its destruction of the towns Pompeii and Herculaneum in 79 CE. In modern times, Mount Saint Helens and Mount Pinatubo have erupted catastrophically.","selected_sentences":["Stratovolcanoes are sometimes called `` composite volcanoes '' because of their composite layered structure built up from sequential outpourings of eruptive materials .","Two famous stratovolcanoes are Krakatoa , best known for its catastrophic eruption in 1883 and Vesuvius , famous for its destruction of the towns Pompeii and Herculaneum in 79 CE .","In modern times , Mount Saint Helens and Mount Pinatubo have erupted catastrophically ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"","selected_sentences":[],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":true,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"8091625215713710904","input":"what caused the dodo bird to become extinct","passages":[{"title":"Dodo","text":"Like many animals that evolved in isolation from significant predators , the dodo was entirely fearless of humans . This fearlessness and its inability to fly made the dodo easy prey for sailors . Although some scattered reports describe mass killings of dodos for ships ' provisions , archaeological investigations have found scant evidence of human predation . Bones of at least two dodos were found in caves at Baie du Cap that sheltered fugitive slaves and convicts in the 17th century , which would not have been easily accessible to dodos because of the high , broken terrain . The human population on Mauritius ( an area of 1,860 km or 720 sq mi ) never exceeded 50 people in the 17th century , but they introduced other animals , including dogs , pigs , cats , rats , and crab - eating macaques , which plundered dodo nests and competed for the limited food resources . At the same time , humans destroyed the forest habitat of the dodos . The impact of the introduced animals on the dodo population , especially the pigs and macaques , is today considered more severe than that of hunting . Rats were perhaps not much of a threat to the nests , since dodos would have been used to dealing with local land crabs . ","sentences":["Like many animals that evolved in isolation from significant predators , the dodo was entirely fearless of humans .","This fearlessness and its inability to fly made the dodo easy prey for sailors .","Although some scattered reports describe mass killings of dodos for ships ' provisions , archaeological investigations have found scant evidence of human predation .","Bones of at least two dodos were found in caves at Baie du Cap that sheltered fugitive slaves and convicts in the 17th century , which would not have been easily accessible to dodos because of the high , broken terrain .","The human population on Mauritius ( an area of 1,860 km or 720 sq mi ) never exceeded 50 people in the 17th century , but they introduced other animals , including dogs , pigs , cats , rats , and crab - eating macaques , which plundered dodo nests and competed for the limited food resources .","At the same time , humans destroyed the forest habitat of the dodos .","The impact of the introduced animals on the dodo population , especially the pigs and macaques , is today considered more severe than that of hunting .","Rats were perhaps not much of a threat to the nests , since dodos would have been used to dealing with local land crabs ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Due to the fact of having no fear of humans and its inability to fly, dodo was an easy prey for sailors. The introduction of dodo eating animals, in addition to destroying the forest habitat of the dodos also helped cause the bird to become extinct.","selected_sentences":["Like many animals that evolved in isolation from significant predators , the dodo was entirely fearless of humans .","This fearlessness and its inability to fly made the dodo easy prey for sailors .","The human population on Mauritius ( an area of 1,860 km or 720 sq mi ) never exceeded 50 people in the 17th century , but they introduced other animals , including dogs , pigs , cats , rats , and crab - eating macaques , which plundered dodo nests and competed for the limited food resources .","At the same time , humans destroyed the forest habitat of the dodos .","The impact of the introduced animals on the dodo population , especially the pigs and macaques , is today considered more severe than that of hunting ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624,47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"61676953195646420","input":"what is the point in no mans sky","passages":[{"title":"No Man's Sky","text":"No Man 's Sky is an action - adventure survival game developed and published by the indie studio Hello Games . It was released worldwide for PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows in August 2016 , and for Xbox One in July 2018 . The game is built around four pillars : exploration , survival , combat , and trading . Players are free to perform within the entirety of a procedurally generated deterministic open world universe , which includes over 18 quintillion planets . Through the game 's procedural generation system , planets have their own ecosystems with unique forms of flora and fauna , and various sentient alien species may engage the player in combat or trade within planetary systems . Players advance in the game by mining for resources to power and improve their spacecraft , tools , and spacesuit for survival , buying and selling resources using credits earned by documenting flora and fauna , and otherwise seeking out the mystery around the Atlas , an entity at the center of the universe . ","sentences":["No Man 's Sky is an action - adventure survival game developed and published by the indie studio Hello Games .","It was released worldwide for PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows in August 2016 , and for Xbox One in July 2018 .","The game is built around four pillars : exploration , survival , combat , and trading .","Players are free to perform within the entirety of a procedurally generated deterministic open world universe , which includes over 18 quintillion planets .","Through the game 's procedural generation system , planets have their own ecosystems with unique forms of flora and fauna , and various sentient alien species may engage the player in combat or trade within planetary systems .","Players advance in the game by mining for resources to power and improve their spacecraft , tools , and spacesuit for survival , buying and selling resources using credits earned by documenting flora and fauna , and otherwise seeking out the mystery around the Atlas , an entity at the center of the universe ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The game is built around four pillars: exploration, survival, combat, and trading.   Players advance in the game by mining for resources to power and improve their spacecraft, tools, and spacesuit for survival, buying and selling resources using credits earned by documenting flora and fauna, and otherwise seeking out the mystery around the Atlas, an entity at the center of the universe .","selected_sentences":["The game is built around four pillars : exploration , survival , combat , and trading .","Players advance in the game by mining for resources to power and improve their spacecraft , tools , and spacesuit for survival , buying and selling resources using credits earned by documenting flora and fauna , and otherwise seeking out the mystery around the Atlas , an entity at the center of the universe ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"It s an action - adventure survival game built around four pillars: exploration, survival, combat, and trading. Players advance in the game by mining for resources to power and improve their spacecraft, tools, and spacesuit for survival, buying and selling resources using credits earned by documenting flora and fauna, and otherwise seeking out the mystery around the Atlas, an entity at the center of the universe .","selected_sentences":["No Man 's Sky is an action - adventure survival game developed and published by the indie studio Hello Games .","The game is built around four pillars : exploration , survival , combat , and trading .","Players advance in the game by mining for resources to power and improve their spacecraft , tools , and spacesuit for survival , buying and selling resources using credits earned by documenting flora and fauna , and otherwise seeking out the mystery around the Atlas , an entity at the center of the universe ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-7286717993308076775","input":"where is bone marrow found what does it do for the body","passages":[{"title":"Bone marrow","text":"Bone marrow is a semi-solid tissue which may be found within the spongy or cancellous portions of bones . In birds and mammals , bone marrow is the primary site of new blood cell production or hematopoiesis . It is composed of hematopoietic cells , marrow adipose tissue , and supportive stromal cells . On average , bone marrow constitutes 4 % of the total body mass of humans ; in an adult having 65 kilograms of mass ( 143 lb ) , bone marrow typically accounts for approximately 2.6 kilograms ( 5.7 lb ) . Human marrow produces approximately 500 billion blood cells per day , which join the systemic circulation via permeable vasculature sinusoids within the medullary cavity . All types of hematopoietic cells , including both myeloid and lymphoid lineages , are created in bone marrow ; however , lymphoid cells must migrate to other lymphoid organs ( e.g. thymus ) in order to complete maturation . ","sentences":["Bone marrow is a semi-solid tissue which may be found within the spongy or cancellous portions of bones .","In birds and mammals , bone marrow is the primary site of new blood cell production or hematopoiesis .","It is composed of hematopoietic cells , marrow adipose tissue , and supportive stromal cells .","On average , bone marrow constitutes 4 % of the total body mass of humans ; in an adult having 65 kilograms of mass ( 143 lb ) , bone marrow typically accounts for approximately 2.6 kilograms ( 5.7 lb ) .","Human marrow produces approximately 500 billion blood cells per day , which join the systemic circulation via permeable vasculature sinusoids within the medullary cavity .","All types of hematopoietic cells , including both myeloid and lymphoid lineages , are created in bone marrow ; however , lymphoid cells must migrate to other lymphoid organs ( e.g. thymus ) in order to complete maturation ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Bone marrow is found within the spongy or cancellous portions of bones.  In birds and mammals, bone marrow is the primary site of new blood cell production or hematopoiesis.  Human marrow produces approximately 500 billion blood cells per day, which join the systemic circulation via permeable vasculature sinusoids within the medullary cavity.  All types of hematopoietic cells, including both myeloid and lymphoid lineages, are created in bone marrow.","selected_sentences":["Bone marrow is a semi-solid tissue which may be found within the spongy or cancellous portions of bones .","In birds and mammals , bone marrow is the primary site of new blood cell production or hematopoiesis .","Human marrow produces approximately 500 billion blood cells per day , which join the systemic circulation via permeable vasculature sinusoids within the medullary cavity .","All types of hematopoietic cells , including both myeloid and lymphoid lineages , are created in bone marrow ; however , lymphoid cells must migrate to other lymphoid organs ( e.g. thymus ) in order to complete maturation ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"3693575745763251678","input":"when does the secretary of state became president","passages":[{"title":"United States presidential line of succession","text":"The United States presidential line of succession is the order in which persons may become or act as President of the United States if the incumbent President becomes incapacitated , dies , resigns , or is removed from office ( by impeachment by the House of Representatives and subsequent conviction by the Senate ) . The line of succession is set by the United States Constitution and the Presidential Succession Act of 1947 as subsequently amended to include newly created cabinet offices . The succession follows the order of Vice President , Speaker of the House of Representatives , President pro tempore of the Senate , and then the heads of federal executive departments who form the Cabinet of the United States . The Cabinet currently has fifteen members , beginning with the Secretary of State , and followed by the rest in the order of their positions ' creation . Those heads of department who are ineligible to act as President are also ineligible to succeed the President by succession , for example most commonly if they are not a natural - born U.S. citizen . ","sentences":["The United States presidential line of succession is the order in which persons may become or act as President of the United States if the incumbent President becomes incapacitated , dies , resigns , or is removed from office ( by impeachment by the House of Representatives and subsequent conviction by the Senate ) .","The line of succession is set by the United States Constitution and the Presidential Succession Act of 1947 as subsequently amended to include newly created cabinet offices .","The succession follows the order of Vice President , Speaker of the House of Representatives , President pro tempore of the Senate , and then the heads of federal executive departments who form the Cabinet of the United States .","The Cabinet currently has fifteen members , beginning with the Secretary of State , and followed by the rest in the order of their positions ' creation .","Those heads of department who are ineligible to act as President are also ineligible to succeed the President by succession , for example most commonly if they are not a natural - born U.S. citizen ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The United States presidential line of succession is the order in which persons may become or act as President of the United States if the incumbent President becomes incapacitated , dies , resigns , or is removed from office ( by impeachment by the House of Representatives and subsequent conviction by the Senate ). The succession follows the order of Vice President , Speaker of the House of Representatives , President pro tempore of the Senate , and then the heads of federal executive departments who form the Cabinet of the United States. The Cabinet currently has fifteen members , beginning with the Secretary of State , and followed by the rest in the order of their positions ' creation.","selected_sentences":["The United States presidential line of succession is the order in which persons may become or act as President of the United States if the incumbent President becomes incapacitated , dies , resigns , or is removed from office ( by impeachment by the House of Representatives and subsequent conviction by the Senate ) .","The succession follows the order of Vice President , Speaker of the House of Representatives , President pro tempore of the Senate , and then the heads of federal executive departments who form the Cabinet of the United States .","The Cabinet currently has fifteen members , beginning with the Secretary of State , and followed by the rest in the order of their positions ' creation ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"7261638553433097701","input":"what happens in the pacific ocean during a la nina event","passages":[{"title":"La Ni\u00f1a","text":"La Ni\u00f1a is the positive phase of the El Ni\u00f1o Southern Oscillation and is associated with cooler - than - average sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean . However , each country and island nation has a different threshold for what constitutes a La Ni\u00f1a event , which is tailored to their specific interests . For example , the Australian Bureau of Meteorology looks at the trade winds , SOI , weather models and sea surface temperatures in the Ni\u00f1o 3 and 3.4 regions before declaring that a La Ni\u00f1a event has started . However , the Japan Meteorological Agency declares that a La Ni\u00f1a event has started when the average five - month sea surface temperature deviation for the NINO. 3 region is more than 0.5 \u00b0 C ( 0.90 \u00b0 F ) cooler for 6 consecutive months or longer . ","sentences":["La Ni\u00f1a is the positive phase of the El Ni\u00f1o Southern Oscillation and is associated with cooler - than - average sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean .","However , each country and island nation has a different threshold for what constitutes a La Ni\u00f1a event , which is tailored to their specific interests .","For example , the Australian Bureau of Meteorology looks at the trade winds , SOI , weather models and sea surface temperatures in the Ni\u00f1o 3 and 3.4 regions before declaring that a La Ni\u00f1a event has started .","However , the Japan Meteorological Agency declares that a La Ni\u00f1a event has started when the average five - month sea surface temperature deviation for the NINO.","3 region is more than 0.5 \u00b0 C ( 0.90 \u00b0 F ) cooler for 6 consecutive months or longer ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"La Ni\u00f1a is the positive phase of the El Ni\u00f1o Southern Oscillation and is associated with cooler-than-average sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean for which 3 region is more than 0.5 \u00b0 C cooler for 6 consecutive months or longer.","selected_sentences":["La Ni\u00f1a is the positive phase of the El Ni\u00f1o Southern Oscillation and is associated with cooler - than - average sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean .","3 region is more than 0.5 \u00b0 C ( 0.90 \u00b0 F ) cooler for 6 consecutive months or longer ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"9124220649895286940","input":"when was season one of stranger things filmed","passages":[{"title":"Stranger Things","text":"The filming of the first season began in November 2015 and was extensively done in Atlanta , Georgia , with the Duffer Brothers and Levy handling the direction of individual episodes . Jackson served as the basis of the fictional town of Hawkins , Indiana . Other shooting locations included the Georgia Mental Health Institute as the Hawkins National Laboratory site , Bellwood Quarry , Patrick Henry High School in Stockbridge , Georgia , for the middle and high school scenes , Emory University 's Continuing Education Department , the former city hall in Douglasville , Georgia , Georgia International Horse Park , the probate court in Butts County , Georgia , Old East Point Library and East Point First Baptist Church in East Point , Georgia , Fayetteville , Georgia , Stone Mountain Park , Palmetto , Georgia , and Winston , Georgia . Set work was done at Screen Gem Studios in Atlanta . The series was filmed with a Red Dragon digital camera . Filming for the first season concluded in early 2016 . ","sentences":["The filming of the first season began in November 2015 and was extensively done in Atlanta , Georgia , with the Duffer Brothers and Levy handling the direction of individual episodes .","Jackson served as the basis of the fictional town of Hawkins , Indiana .","Other shooting locations included the Georgia Mental Health Institute as the Hawkins National Laboratory site , Bellwood Quarry , Patrick Henry High School in Stockbridge , Georgia , for the middle and high school scenes , Emory University 's Continuing Education Department , the former city hall in Douglasville , Georgia , Georgia International Horse Park , the probate court in Butts County , Georgia , Old East Point Library and East Point First Baptist Church in East Point , Georgia , Fayetteville , Georgia , Stone Mountain Park , Palmetto , Georgia , and Winston , Georgia .","Set work was done at Screen Gem Studios in Atlanta .","The series was filmed with a Red Dragon digital camera .","Filming for the first season concluded in early 2016 ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The filming of Stranger Things' first season began in November 2015 and concluded in early 2016.","selected_sentences":["The filming of the first season began in November 2015 and was extensively done in Atlanta , Georgia , with the Duffer Brothers and Levy handling the direction of individual episodes .","Filming for the first season concluded in early 2016 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"6238924485779903024","input":"where is the north pole located on a map","passages":[{"title":"North Pole","text":"The North Pole is the northernmost point on the Earth , lying diametrically opposite the South Pole . It defines geodetic latitude 90 \u00b0 North , as well as the direction of true north . At the North Pole all directions point south ; all lines of longitude converge there , so its longitude can be defined as any degree value . Along tight latitude circles , counterclockwise is east and clockwise is west . The North Pole is at the center of the Northern Hemisphere . ","sentences":["The North Pole is the northernmost point on the Earth , lying diametrically opposite the South Pole .","It defines geodetic latitude 90 \u00b0 North , as well as the direction of true north .","At the North Pole all directions point south ; all lines of longitude converge there , so its longitude can be defined as any degree value .","Along tight latitude circles , counterclockwise is east and clockwise is west .","The North Pole is at the center of the Northern Hemisphere ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The North Pole is the northernmost point on the Earth, lying diametrically opposite the South Pole.  It defines geodetic latitude 90 \u00b0 North, as well as the direction of true north.   The North Pole is at the center of the Northern Hemisphere.","selected_sentences":["The North Pole is the northernmost point on the Earth , lying diametrically opposite the South Pole .","It defines geodetic latitude 90 \u00b0 North , as well as the direction of true north .","The North Pole is at the center of the Northern Hemisphere ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The North Pole is the northernmost point on the Earth, lying diametrically opposite the South Pole. The North Pole is at the center of the Northern Hemisphere.","selected_sentences":["The North Pole is the northernmost point on the Earth , lying diametrically opposite the South Pole .","It defines geodetic latitude 90 \u00b0 North , as well as the direction of true north .","The North Pole is at the center of the Northern Hemisphere ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-2294256020824610735","input":"where was snow white and the huntsmen filmed","passages":[{"title":"Snow White and the Huntsman","text":"Principal photography took place in the United Kingdom . The beach scenes were predominantly filmed in Pembrokeshire , on the Marloes Sands beach near the village of Marloes between September 26 and 29 , 2011 . Though the beach was not closed to the public during filming , as filming progressed , certain parts were advised to be off limits . A computer - generated castle was set on nearby Gateholm island . A field above the beach was used for production purposes , and a special wooden ramp was built for vehicles and horses to access the beach . The film used academic consultants from the University of Chichester and the University of Oxford for back - up research on fairy tales and medieval battles . The English band Florence and the Machine recorded `` Breath of Life '' exclusively for the film , which was reportedly inspired by Theron 's character Queen Ravenna . ","sentences":["Principal photography took place in the United Kingdom .","The beach scenes were predominantly filmed in Pembrokeshire , on the Marloes Sands beach near the village of Marloes between September 26 and 29 , 2011 .","Though the beach was not closed to the public during filming , as filming progressed , certain parts were advised to be off limits .","A computer - generated castle was set on nearby Gateholm island .","A field above the beach was used for production purposes , and a special wooden ramp was built for vehicles and horses to access the beach .","The film used academic consultants from the University of Chichester and the University of Oxford for back - up research on fairy tales and medieval battles .","The English band Florence and the Machine recorded `` Breath of Life '' exclusively for the film , which was reportedly inspired by Theron 's character Queen Ravenna ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Principal photography took place in the United Kingdom.  The beach scenes were predominantly filmed in Pembrokeshire, on the Marloes Sands beach near the village of Marloes.  A computer-generated castle was set on nearby Gateholm island.","selected_sentences":["Principal photography took place in the United Kingdom .","The beach scenes were predominantly filmed in Pembrokeshire , on the Marloes Sands beach near the village of Marloes between September 26 and 29 , 2011 .","A computer - generated castle was set on nearby Gateholm island ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"662120736332570642","input":"where do sperm gain the ability to\u200b swim","passages":[{"title":"Sperm motility","text":"Sperm movement is activated by changes in intracellular ion concentration . The changes in ion concentration that provoke motility are different among species . In marine invertebrates and sea urchins , the rise in pH to about 7.2 -- 7.6 activates ATPase which leads to a decrease in intracellular potassium , and thus induces membrane hyperpolarization . As a result , sperm movement is activated . The change in cell volume which alters intracellular ion concentration can also contribute to the activation of sperm motility . In some mammals , sperm motility is activated by increase in pH , calcium ion and cAMP , yet it is suppressed by low pH in the epididymis . ","sentences":["Sperm movement is activated by changes in intracellular ion concentration .","The changes in ion concentration that provoke motility are different among species .","In marine invertebrates and sea urchins , the rise in pH to about 7.2 -- 7.6 activates ATPase which leads to a decrease in intracellular potassium , and thus induces membrane hyperpolarization .","As a result , sperm movement is activated .","The change in cell volume which alters intracellular ion concentration can also contribute to the activation of sperm motility .","In some mammals , sperm motility is activated by increase in pH , calcium ion and cAMP , yet it is suppressed by low pH in the epididymis ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Sperm movement is activated by changes in intracellular ion concentration, the ion concentration that provoke motility is different among species .  In some mammals , sperm motility is activated by an increase in pH , calcium ion and cAMP.","selected_sentences":["Sperm movement is activated by changes in intracellular ion concentration .","The changes in ion concentration that provoke motility are different among species .","In some mammals , sperm motility is activated by increase in pH , calcium ion and cAMP , yet it is suppressed by low pH in the epididymis ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":".","selected_sentences":["Sperm movement is activated by changes in intracellular ion concentration .","The changes in ion concentration that provoke motility are different among species .","In some mammals , sperm motility is activated by increase in pH , calcium ion and cAMP , yet it is suppressed by low pH in the epididymis ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"26282907202164485","input":"what makes the different shapes of the moon","passages":[{"title":"Lunar phase","text":"The lunar phase or phase of the moon is the shape of the illuminated ( sunlit ) portion of the Moon as seen by an observer on Earth . The lunar phases change cyclically as the Moon orbits the Earth , according to the changing positions of the Moon and Sun relative to the Earth . The Moon 's rotation is tidally locked by the Earth 's gravity , therefore the same lunar surface always faces Earth . This face is variously sunlit depending on the position of the Moon in its orbit . Therefore , the portion of this hemisphere that is visible to an observer on Earth can vary from about 100 % ( full moon ) to 0 % ( new moon ) . The lunar terminator is the boundary between the illuminated and darkened hemispheres . Each of the four `` intermediate '' lunar phases ( see below ) is roughly seven days ( ~ 7.4 days ) but this varies slightly due to the elliptical shape of the Moon 's orbit . Aside from some craters near the lunar poles such as Shoemaker , all parts of the Moon see around 14.77 days of sunlight , followed by 14.77 days of `` night '' . ( The side of the Moon facing away from the Earth is sometimes called the `` dark side of the Moon '' , although that is a misnomer . ) ","sentences":["The lunar phase or phase of the moon is the shape of the illuminated ( sunlit ) portion of the Moon as seen by an observer on Earth .","The lunar phases change cyclically as the Moon orbits the Earth , according to the changing positions of the Moon and Sun relative to the Earth .","The Moon 's rotation is tidally locked by the Earth 's gravity , therefore the same lunar surface always faces Earth .","This face is variously sunlit depending on the position of the Moon in its orbit .","Therefore , the portion of this hemisphere that is visible to an observer on Earth can vary from about 100 % ( full moon ) to 0 % ( new moon ) .","The lunar terminator is the boundary between the illuminated and darkened hemispheres .","Each of the four `` intermediate '' lunar phases ( see below ) is roughly seven days ( ~ 7.4 days ) but this varies slightly due to the elliptical shape of the Moon 's orbit .","Aside from some craters near the lunar poles such as Shoemaker , all parts of the Moon see around 14.77 days of sunlight , followed by 14.77 days of `` night '' .","( The side of the Moon facing away from the Earth is sometimes called the `` dark side of the Moon '' , although that is a misnomer . )"]}],"output":[{"answer":"The lunar phase or phase of the moon is the shape of the illuminated (sunlit) portion of the Moon as seen by an observer on Earth.  The lunar phases change cyclically as the Moon orbits the Earth, according to the changing positions of the Moon and Sun relative to the Earth.  This face is variously sunlit depending on the position of the Moon in its orbit.  Therefore, the portion of this hemisphere that is visible to an observer on Earth can vary from about 100 % (full moon) to 0 % (new moon).","selected_sentences":["The lunar phase or phase of the moon is the shape of the illuminated ( sunlit ) portion of the Moon as seen by an observer on Earth .","The lunar phases change cyclically as the Moon orbits the Earth , according to the changing positions of the Moon and Sun relative to the Earth .","This face is variously sunlit depending on the position of the Moon in its orbit .","Therefore , the portion of this hemisphere that is visible to an observer on Earth can vary from about 100 % ( full moon ) to 0 % ( new moon ) ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-5809289061665530022","input":"what role does the veil of ignorance play in rawl's theory","passages":[{"title":"Veil of ignorance","text":"The `` veil of ignorance '' is a method of determining the morality of political issues proposed in 1971 by American philosopher John Rawls in his `` original position '' political philosophy . It is based upon the following thought experiment : people making political decisions imagine that they know nothing about the particular talents , abilities , tastes , social class , and positions they will have within a social order . When such parties are selecting the principles for distribution of rights , positions , and resources in the society in which they will live , this `` veil of ignorance '' prevents them from knowing who will receive a given distribution of rights , positions , and resources in that society . For example , for a proposed society in which 50 % of the population is kept in slavery , it follows that on entering the new society there is a 50 % likelihood that the participant would be a slave . The idea is that parties subject to the veil of ignorance will make choices based upon moral considerations , since they will not be able to make choices based on their own self - or class - interest . ","sentences":["The `` veil of ignorance '' is a method of determining the morality of political issues proposed in 1971 by American philosopher John Rawls in his `` original position '' political philosophy .","It is based upon the following thought experiment : people making political decisions imagine that they know nothing about the particular talents , abilities , tastes , social class , and positions they will have within a social order .","When such parties are selecting the principles for distribution of rights , positions , and resources in the society in which they will live , this `` veil of ignorance '' prevents them from knowing who will receive a given distribution of rights , positions , and resources in that society .","For example , for a proposed society in which 50 % of the population is kept in slavery , it follows that on entering the new society there is a 50 % likelihood that the participant would be a slave .","The idea is that parties subject to the veil of ignorance will make choices based upon moral considerations , since they will not be able to make choices based on their own self - or class - interest ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"John Rawls an American philosopher proposed in 1971 that there is a \"veil of ignorance\" a method of determining the morality of political issues based upon moral considerations, since they will not be able to make choices based on their own self - or class - interest .","selected_sentences":["The `` veil of ignorance '' is a method of determining the morality of political issues proposed in 1971 by American philosopher John Rawls in his `` original position '' political philosophy .","The idea is that parties subject to the veil of ignorance will make choices based upon moral considerations , since they will not be able to make choices based on their own self - or class - interest ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"John Rawls in his philosophy used veil of ignorance to determine the morality of political issues as people making political decisions would use it to prevent them from knowing who will receive a given distribution of rights , positions , and resources in the society and decisions would be made based upon moral considerations not on their own self - or class - interest .","selected_sentences":["The `` veil of ignorance '' is a method of determining the morality of political issues proposed in 1971 by American philosopher John Rawls in his `` original position '' political philosophy .","It is based upon the following thought experiment : people making political decisions imagine that they know nothing about the particular talents , abilities , tastes , social class , and positions they will have within a social order .","When such parties are selecting the principles for distribution of rights , positions , and resources in the society in which they will live , this `` veil of ignorance '' prevents them from knowing who will receive a given distribution of rights , positions , and resources in that society .","The idea is that parties subject to the veil of ignorance will make choices based upon moral considerations , since they will not be able to make choices based on their own self - or class - interest ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"3103906544916591053","input":"what is the meaning of rolls royce logo","passages":[{"title":"Spirit of Ecstasy","text":"The Spirit of Ecstasy , also called `` Emily '' , `` Silver Lady '' or `` Flying Lady '' , was designed by English sculptor Charles Robinson Sykes , a graduate of London 's Royal College of Art , and carries with it a story about secret passion between Montagu , second Baron Montagu of Beaulieu after 1905 , a pioneer of the automobile movement , and editor of The Car Illustrated magazine from 1902 , and the model for the emblem , Eleanor Velasco Thornton . Eleanor ( also known as Thorn ) was the secretary of John Walter , who fell in love with her in 1902 when she worked for him on the aforesaid motoring magazine . Their secret love was to remain hidden , limited to their circle of friends , for more than a decade . The reason for the secrecy was Eleanor 's impoverished social and economic status , which was an obstacle to their love . On the other hand , Montagu was married to Lady Cecil Victoria Constance Kerr since 1889 . Side ","sentences":["The Spirit of Ecstasy , also called `` Emily '' , `` Silver Lady '' or `` Flying Lady '' , was designed by English sculptor Charles Robinson Sykes , a graduate of London 's Royal College of Art , and carries with it a story about secret passion between Montagu , second Baron Montagu of Beaulieu after 1905 , a pioneer of the automobile movement , and editor of The Car Illustrated magazine from 1902 , and the model for the emblem , Eleanor Velasco Thornton .","Eleanor ( also known as Thorn ) was the secretary of John Walter , who fell in love with her in 1902 when she worked for him on the aforesaid motoring magazine .","Their secret love was to remain hidden , limited to their circle of friends , for more than a decade .","The reason for the secrecy was Eleanor 's impoverished social and economic status , which was an obstacle to their love .","On the other hand , Montagu was married to Lady Cecil Victoria Constance Kerr since 1889 .","Side"]}],"output":[{"answer":"The Spirit of Ecstasy  carries with it a story about secret passion between Montagu , a pioneer of the automobile movement , and editor of The Car Illustrated magazine from 1902 , and the model for the emblem , Eleanor Velasco Thornton .  Their secret love was to remain hidden for more than a decade because Montagu was married and Eleanor was of an impoverished social status.","selected_sentences":["The Spirit of Ecstasy , also called `` Emily '' , `` Silver Lady '' or `` Flying Lady '' , was designed by English sculptor Charles Robinson Sykes , a graduate of London 's Royal College of Art , and carries with it a story about secret passion between Montagu , second Baron Montagu of Beaulieu after 1905 , a pioneer of the automobile movement , and editor of The Car Illustrated magazine from 1902 , and the model for the emblem , Eleanor Velasco Thornton .","Their secret love was to remain hidden , limited to their circle of friends , for more than a decade ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"","selected_sentences":[],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":true,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-2465861575714299171","input":"what is the status of the 416 fire in colorado","passages":[{"title":"416 Fire","text":"The 416 & Burro Fire Complex are active wildfires in the southwestern portion of Colorado in the United States . The fires are predominately within San Juan National Forest , 13 miles north of Durango and 14 miles south of Rico . The 416 fire started on June 1 , 2018 and the Burro Fire followed on June 8th . The causes are still under investigation . As of July 2 , 2018 the fires have burned a combined total of over 55,000 acres ( 22,258 ha ) and have cost more than $27 million to contain . It is one of the largest wildfires in Colorado 's history and has had major impacts on tourism and commerce for communities in the southwest portion of the state . ","sentences":["The 416 & Burro Fire Complex are active wildfires in the southwestern portion of Colorado in the United States .","The fires are predominately within San Juan National Forest , 13 miles north of Durango and 14 miles south of Rico .","The 416 fire started on June 1 , 2018 and the Burro Fire followed on June 8th .","The causes are still under investigation .","As of July 2 , 2018 the fires have burned a combined total of over 55,000 acres ( 22,258 ha ) and have cost more than $27 million to contain .","It is one of the largest wildfires in Colorado 's history and has had major impacts on tourism and commerce for communities in the southwest portion of the state ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The 416 is active and has had major impacts on tourism and commerce for communities in the southwest portion of Colorado.","selected_sentences":["The 416 & Burro Fire Complex are active wildfires in the southwestern portion of Colorado in the United States .","It is one of the largest wildfires in Colorado 's history and has had major impacts on tourism and commerce for communities in the southwest portion of the state ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The 416 fire is active and as of July 2, 2018 has burned over 55,000 acres. It is one of the largest wildfires in Colorado 's history and has had major impacts on tourism and commerce.","selected_sentences":["The 416 & Burro Fire Complex are active wildfires in the southwestern portion of Colorado in the United States .","It is one of the largest wildfires in Colorado 's history and has had major impacts on tourism and commerce for communities in the southwest portion of the state ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"5695320212079691221","input":"who owns the federal reserve bank of america","passages":[{"title":"Federal Reserve System","text":"The Federal Reserve System is composed of several layers . It is governed by the presidentially appointed Board of Governors or Federal Reserve Board ( FRB ) . Twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks , located in cities throughout the nation , oversee the privately owned U.S. member banks . Nationally chartered commercial banks are required to hold stock in the Federal Reserve Bank of their region , which entitles them to elect some of their board members . The Federal Open Market Committee ( FOMC ) sets monetary policy ; it consists of all seven members of the Board of Governors and the twelve regional bank presidents , though only five bank presidents vote at any given time : the president of the New York Fed and four others who rotate through one - year terms . There are also various advisory councils . Thus , the Federal Reserve System has both public and private components . The structure is considered unique among central banks . It is also unusual in that the United States Department of the Treasury , an entity outside of the central bank , prints the currency used . ","sentences":["The Federal Reserve System is composed of several layers .","It is governed by the presidentially appointed Board of Governors or Federal Reserve Board ( FRB ) .","Twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks , located in cities throughout the nation , oversee the privately owned U.S. member banks .","Nationally chartered commercial banks are required to hold stock in the Federal Reserve Bank of their region , which entitles them to elect some of their board members .","The Federal Open Market Committee ( FOMC ) sets monetary policy ; it consists of all seven members of the Board of Governors and the twelve regional bank presidents , though only five bank presidents vote at any given time : the president of the New York Fed and four others who rotate through one - year terms .","There are also various advisory councils .","Thus , the Federal Reserve System has both public and private components .","The structure is considered unique among central banks .","It is also unusual in that the United States Department of the Treasury , an entity outside of the central bank , prints the currency used ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The Federal Reserve System has both public and private components.  It is governed by the presidentially appointed Board of Governors or Federal Reserve Board.  Nationally chartered commercial banks are required to hold stock in the Federal Reserve Bank of their region, which entitles them to elect some of their board members.","selected_sentences":["It is governed by the presidentially appointed Board of Governors or Federal Reserve Board ( FRB ) .","Nationally chartered commercial banks are required to hold stock in the Federal Reserve Bank of their region , which entitles them to elect some of their board members .","Thus , the Federal Reserve System has both public and private components ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"2960221046363328616","input":"who wrote cant get you out of my head","passages":[{"title":"Can't Get You Out of My Head","text":"`` Ca n't Get You Out of My Head '' is a song recorded by Australian singer Kylie Minogue for her eighth studio album , titled Fever , which she released in 2001 . The song was released in Australia by Parlophone as the lead single from the album on 17 September 2001 . It was released on 17 September 2001 in the United Kingdom . In the United States , the single was released on 18 February 2002 . Jointly written , composed , and produced by Cathy Dennis and Rob Davis , `` Ca n't Get You Out of My Head '' is a midtempo dance - pop song which lyrically details Minogue 's obsession towards her lover . The song is famous for its `` la la la '' hook . ","sentences":["`` Ca n't Get You Out of My Head '' is a song recorded by Australian singer Kylie Minogue for her eighth studio album , titled Fever , which she released in 2001 .","The song was released in Australia by Parlophone as the lead single from the album on 17 September 2001 .","It was released on 17 September 2001 in the United Kingdom .","In the United States , the single was released on 18 February 2002 .","Jointly written , composed , and produced by Cathy Dennis and Rob Davis , `` Ca n't Get You Out of My Head '' is a midtempo dance - pop song which lyrically details Minogue 's obsession towards her lover .","The song is famous for its `` la la la '' hook ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"`` Can't Get You Out of My Head '' is a song recorded by Australian singer Kylie Minogue and jointly written, composed, and produced by Cathy Dennis and Rob Davis.","selected_sentences":["`` Ca n't Get You Out of My Head '' is a song recorded by Australian singer Kylie Minogue for her eighth studio album , titled Fever , which she released in 2001 .","Jointly written , composed , and produced by Cathy Dennis and Rob Davis , `` Ca n't Get You Out of My Head '' is a midtempo dance - pop song which lyrically details Minogue 's obsession towards her lover ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946,47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"3419782677742543466","input":"where did the pilgrims come from and how did they arrive in plymouth","passages":[{"title":"Pilgrims (Plymouth Colony)","text":"The Pilgrims or Pilgrim Fathers were early European settlers of the Plymouth Colony in present - day Plymouth , Massachusetts , United States . The Pilgrims ' leadership came from the religious congregations of Brownist separatist Puritans who had fled the volatile political environment in England for the relative calm and tolerance of 17th - century Holland in the Netherlands . They held Puritan Calvinist religious beliefs but , unlike other Puritans , they maintained that their congregations needed to be separated from the English state church . They were also concerned that they might lose their English cultural identity if they remained in the Netherlands , so they arranged with English investors to establish a new colony in North America . The colony was established in 1621 and became the second successful English settlement in North America ( after the founding of Jamestown , Virginia in 1607 ) . The Pilgrims ' story became a central theme of the history and culture of the United States . ","sentences":["The Pilgrims or Pilgrim Fathers were early European settlers of the Plymouth Colony in present - day Plymouth , Massachusetts , United States .","The Pilgrims ' leadership came from the religious congregations of Brownist separatist Puritans who had fled the volatile political environment in England for the relative calm and tolerance of 17th - century Holland in the Netherlands .","They held Puritan Calvinist religious beliefs but , unlike other Puritans , they maintained that their congregations needed to be separated from the English state church .","They were also concerned that they might lose their English cultural identity if they remained in the Netherlands , so they arranged with English investors to establish a new colony in North America .","The colony was established in 1621 and became the second successful English settlement in North America ( after the founding of Jamestown , Virginia in 1607 ) .","The Pilgrims ' story became a central theme of the history and culture of the United States ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The Pilgrims ' leadership came from the religious congregations of Brownist separatist Puritans who had fled the volatile political environment in England for the relative calm and tolerance of 17th - century Holland in the Netherlands .\r\nAs they were concerned that they might lose their English cultural identity if they remained in the Netherlands ,  they arranged with English investors to establish a new colony in North America .","selected_sentences":["The Pilgrims ' leadership came from the religious congregations of Brownist separatist Puritans who had fled the volatile political environment in England for the relative calm and tolerance of 17th - century Holland in the Netherlands .","They were also concerned that they might lose their English cultural identity if they remained in the Netherlands , so they arranged with English investors to establish a new colony in North America ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"7457627639617431907","input":"what is the difference between proto-oncogenes and oncogenes","passages":[{"title":"Oncogene","text":"A proto - oncogene is a normal gene that could become an oncogene due to mutations or increased expression . Proto - oncogenes code for proteins that help to regulate the cell growth and differentiation . Proto - oncogenes are often involved in signal transduction and execution of mitogenic signals , usually through their protein products . Upon acquiring an activating mutation , a proto - oncogene becomes a tumor - inducing agent , an oncogene . Examples of proto - oncogenes include RAS , WNT , MYC , ERK , and TRK . The MYC gene is implicated in Burkitt 's lymphoma , which starts when a chromosomal translocation moves an enhancer sequence within the vicinity of the MYC gene . The MYC gene codes for widely used transcription factors . When the enhancer sequence is wrongly placed , these transcription factors are produced at much higher rates . Another example of an oncogene is the Bcr - Abl gene found on the Philadelphia chromosome , a piece of genetic material seen in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia caused by the translocation of pieces from chromosomes 9 and 22 . Bcr - Abl codes for a tyrosine kinase , which is constitutively active , leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation . ( More information about the Philadelphia Chromosome below ) ","sentences":["A proto - oncogene is a normal gene that could become an oncogene due to mutations or increased expression .","Proto - oncogenes code for proteins that help to regulate the cell growth and differentiation .","Proto - oncogenes are often involved in signal transduction and execution of mitogenic signals , usually through their protein products .","Upon acquiring an activating mutation , a proto - oncogene becomes a tumor - inducing agent , an oncogene .","Examples of proto - oncogenes include RAS , WNT , MYC , ERK , and TRK .","The MYC gene is implicated in Burkitt 's lymphoma , which starts when a chromosomal translocation moves an enhancer sequence within the vicinity of the MYC gene .","The MYC gene codes for widely used transcription factors .","When the enhancer sequence is wrongly placed , these transcription factors are produced at much higher rates .","Another example of an oncogene is the Bcr - Abl gene found on the Philadelphia chromosome , a piece of genetic material seen in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia caused by the translocation of pieces from chromosomes 9 and 22 .","Bcr - Abl codes for a tyrosine kinase , which is constitutively active , leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation .","( More information about the Philadelphia Chromosome below )"]}],"output":[{"answer":"A proto - oncogene is a normal gene that could become an oncogene due to mutations or increased expression. Proto - oncogenes code for proteins that help to regulate the cell growth and differentiation, and they are often involved in signal transduction and execution of mitogenic signals , usually through their protein products. Upon acquiring an activating mutation , a proto - oncogene becomes a tumor - inducing agent , an oncogene. Another example of an oncogene is the Bcr - Abl codes for a tyrosine kinase leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation.","selected_sentences":["A proto - oncogene is a normal gene that could become an oncogene due to mutations or increased expression .","Proto - oncogenes code for proteins that help to regulate the cell growth and differentiation .","Proto - oncogenes are often involved in signal transduction and execution of mitogenic signals , usually through their protein products .","Upon acquiring an activating mutation , a proto - oncogene becomes a tumor - inducing agent , an oncogene .","Another example of an oncogene is the Bcr - Abl gene found on the Philadelphia chromosome , a piece of genetic material seen in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia caused by the translocation of pieces from chromosomes 9 and 22 .","Bcr - Abl codes for a tyrosine kinase , which is constitutively active , leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-3933208289628918028","input":"where are tanks most widely used in india why","passages":[{"title":"Irrigation tank","text":"An irrigation tank or tank is an artificial reservoir of any size . They are mainly found in India . ( The word sagar refers to a large lake , usually man - made ) . It can also have a natural or man - made spring included as part of a structure . Tanks are part of an ancient tradition of harvesting and preserving the local rainfall and water from streams and rivers for later use , primarily for agriculture and drinking water , but also for sacred bathing and ritual . Often a tank was constructed across a slope so to collect and store water by taking advantage of local mounds and depressions . Tank use is especially critical in parts of South India without perennial rainfall where water supply replenishment is dependent on a cycle of dry seasons alternating with monsoon seasons . ","sentences":["An irrigation tank or tank is an artificial reservoir of any size .","They are mainly found in India .","( The word sagar refers to a large lake , usually man - made ) .","It can also have a natural or man - made spring included as part of a structure .","Tanks are part of an ancient tradition of harvesting and preserving the local rainfall and water from streams and rivers for later use , primarily for agriculture and drinking water , but also for sacred bathing and ritual .","Often a tank was constructed across a slope so to collect and store water by taking advantage of local mounds and depressions .","Tank use is especially critical in parts of South India without perennial rainfall where water supply replenishment is dependent on a cycle of dry seasons alternating with monsoon seasons ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Tanks are part of an ancient tradition of harvesting and preserving the local rainfall and water from streams and rivers for later use , primarily for agriculture and drinking water.\r\nTank use is especially critical in parts of South India without perennial rainfall where water supply replenishment is dependent on a cycle of dry seasons alternating with monsoon seasons .","selected_sentences":["Tanks are part of an ancient tradition of harvesting and preserving the local rainfall and water from streams and rivers for later use , primarily for agriculture and drinking water , but also for sacred bathing and ritual .","Tank use is especially critical in parts of South India without perennial rainfall where water supply replenishment is dependent on a cycle of dry seasons alternating with monsoon seasons ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"5866872638910116716","input":"who is awarded the honour of victoria cross","passages":[{"title":"Victoria Cross","text":"The Victoria Cross ( VC ) is the highest and most prestigious award of the British honours system . It is awarded for gallantry `` in the presence of the enemy '' to members of the British Armed Forces . It may be awarded posthumously . It was previously awarded to Commonwealth countries , most of which have established their own honours systems and no longer recommend British honours . It may be awarded to a person of any military rank in any service and to civilians under military command although no civilian has received the award since 1879 . Since the first awards were presented by Queen Victoria in 1857 , two thirds of all awards have been personally presented by the British monarch . These investitures are usually held at Buckingham Palace . ","sentences":["The Victoria Cross ( VC ) is the highest and most prestigious award of the British honours system .","It is awarded for gallantry `` in the presence of the enemy '' to members of the British Armed Forces .","It may be awarded posthumously .","It was previously awarded to Commonwealth countries , most of which have established their own honours systems and no longer recommend British honours .","It may be awarded to a person of any military rank in any service and to civilians under military command although no civilian has received the award since 1879 .","Since the first awards were presented by Queen Victoria in 1857 , two thirds of all awards have been personally presented by the British monarch .","These investitures are usually held at Buckingham Palace ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The Victoria Cross is awarded to members of the British Armed Forces, people of any military rank in any service and to civilians under military command.","selected_sentences":["The Victoria Cross ( VC ) is the highest and most prestigious award of the British honours system .","It is awarded for gallantry `` in the presence of the enemy '' to members of the British Armed Forces .","It may be awarded to a person of any military rank in any service and to civilians under military command although no civilian has received the award since 1879 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award of the British honours system,  is awarded to members of the British Armed Forces, people of any military rank in any service and to civilians under military command.","selected_sentences":["The Victoria Cross ( VC ) is the highest and most prestigious award of the British honours system .","It is awarded for gallantry `` in the presence of the enemy '' to members of the British Armed Forces .","It may be awarded to a person of any military rank in any service and to civilians under military command although no civilian has received the award since 1879 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"1688288076551153504","input":"where do they shoot guy's grocery games","passages":[{"title":"Guy's Grocery Games","text":"Season 1 was shot inside of an actual grocery store , Field 's Market in West Hills , California. ( 1 ) For Season 2 , the market was built in a 15,500 square foot warehouse in Santa Rosa , CA . It was built over two weeks and stocked with over $700,000 of food . After each episode , the perishable items were donated to local food banks and local farmers ; non-perishable items are being kept in the event Food Network ordered another season beyond Season 3. ( 2 ) ","sentences":["Season 1 was shot inside of an actual grocery store , Field 's Market in West Hills , California.","( 1 )","For Season 2 , the market was built in a 15,500 square foot warehouse in Santa Rosa , CA .","It was built over two weeks and stocked with over $700,000 of food .","After each episode , the perishable items were donated to local food banks and local farmers ; non-perishable items are being kept in the event Food Network ordered another season beyond Season 3.","( 2 )"]}],"output":[{"answer":"Guy's Grocery Games Season 1 was shot inside of an actual grocery store , Field 's Market in West Hills , California. For Season 2 , the market was built in a 15,500 square foot warehouse in Santa Rosa , CA.","selected_sentences":["Season 1 was shot inside of an actual grocery store , Field 's Market in West Hills , California.","For Season 2 , the market was built in a 15,500 square foot warehouse in Santa Rosa , CA ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-4015235538120941066","input":"why is the forbidden city in china called the forbidden city","passages":[{"title":"Forbidden City","text":"The name `` Zijin Cheng '' is a name with significance on many levels . Zi , or `` Purple '' , refers to the North Star , which in ancient China was called the Ziwei Star , and in traditional Chinese astrology was the heavenly abode of the Celestial Emperor . The surrounding celestial region , the Ziwei Enclosure ( Chinese : \u7d2b \u5fae \u57a3 ; pinyin : Z\u01d0w\u0113iyu\u00e1n ) , was the realm of the Celestial Emperor and his family . The Forbidden City , as the residence of the terrestrial emperor , was its earthly counterpart . Jin , or `` Forbidden '' , referred to the fact that no one could enter or leave the palace without the emperor 's permission . Cheng means a city . ","sentences":["The name `` Zijin Cheng '' is a name with significance on many levels .","Zi , or `` Purple '' , refers to the North Star , which in ancient China was called the Ziwei Star , and in traditional Chinese astrology was the heavenly abode of the Celestial Emperor .","The surrounding celestial region , the Ziwei Enclosure ( Chinese : \u7d2b \u5fae \u57a3 ; pinyin : Z\u01d0w\u0113iyu\u00e1n ) , was the realm of the Celestial Emperor and his family .","The Forbidden City , as the residence of the terrestrial emperor , was its earthly counterpart .","Jin , or `` Forbidden '' , referred to the fact that no one could enter or leave the palace without the emperor 's permission .","Cheng means a city ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The Forbidden City - `` Zijin Cheng '' meaning Jin , `` Forbidden '' and Cheng meaning city, referred to the fact that no one could enter or leave the palace without the emperor 's permission .","selected_sentences":["The name `` Zijin Cheng '' is a name with significance on many levels .","Jin , or `` Forbidden '' , referred to the fact that no one could enter or leave the palace without the emperor 's permission .","Cheng means a city ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Zi in Zijin Cheng, which means the Forbidden City, refers to  the Ziwei Star which was the heavenly abode of the Celestial Emperor and the the Forbidden City, as the residence of the terrestrial emperor, was its earthly counterpart. While Cheng means a city, the word Jin or forbidden refers to  the fact that no one could enter or leave the palace without the emperor's permission.","selected_sentences":["The name `` Zijin Cheng '' is a name with significance on many levels .","Zi , or `` Purple '' , refers to the North Star , which in ancient China was called the Ziwei Star , and in traditional Chinese astrology was the heavenly abode of the Celestial Emperor .","The Forbidden City , as the residence of the terrestrial emperor , was its earthly counterpart .","Jin , or `` Forbidden '' , referred to the fact that no one could enter or leave the palace without the emperor 's permission .","Cheng means a city ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-1411184700173642743","input":"is call of duty and black ops the same thing","passages":[{"title":"Call of Duty: Black Ops","text":"Call of Duty : Black Ops is a first - person shooter video game , developed by Treyarch and published by Activision . It was released worldwide on November 9 , 2010 for Microsoft Windows , the PlayStation 3 , Xbox 360 , and Wii , with a separate version for Nintendo DS developed by n - Space . Aspyr later released the game for OS X on September 27 , 2012 . It is the seventh title in the Call of Duty series and the third to be developed by Treyarch . It serves as the sequel to Call of Duty : World at War . ","sentences":["Call of Duty : Black Ops is a first - person shooter video game , developed by Treyarch and published by Activision .","It was released worldwide on November 9 , 2010 for Microsoft Windows , the PlayStation 3 , Xbox 360 , and Wii , with a separate version for Nintendo DS developed by n - Space .","Aspyr later released the game for OS X on September 27 , 2012 .","It is the seventh title in the Call of Duty series and the third to be developed by Treyarch .","It serves as the sequel to Call of Duty : World at War ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"No.  Call of Duty: Black Ops is the seventh title in the Call of Duty series and serves as the sequel to Call of Duty: World at War.","selected_sentences":["Call of Duty : Black Ops is a first - person shooter video game , developed by Treyarch and published by Activision .","It is the seventh title in the Call of Duty series and the third to be developed by Treyarch .","It serves as the sequel to Call of Duty : World at War ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"2495396943532822225","input":"which pigment determines the colour of human hair","passages":[{"title":"Human skin color","text":"The genetic mechanism behind human skin color is mainly regulated by the enzyme tyrosinase , which creates the color of the skin , eyes , and hair shades . Differences in skin color are also attributed to differences in size and distribution of melanosomes in the skin . Melanocytes produce two types of melanin . The most common form of biological melanin is eumelanin , a brown - black polymer of dihydroxyindole carboxylic acids , and their reduced forms . Most are derived from the amino acid tyrosine . Eumelanin is found in hair , areola , and skin , and the hair colors gray , black , blond , and brown . In humans , it is more abundant in people with dark skin . Pheomelanin , a pink to red hue is found in particularly large quantities in red hair , the lips , nipples , glans of the penis , and vagina . ","sentences":["The genetic mechanism behind human skin color is mainly regulated by the enzyme tyrosinase , which creates the color of the skin , eyes , and hair shades .","Differences in skin color are also attributed to differences in size and distribution of melanosomes in the skin .","Melanocytes produce two types of melanin .","The most common form of biological melanin is eumelanin , a brown - black polymer of dihydroxyindole carboxylic acids , and their reduced forms .","Most are derived from the amino acid tyrosine .","Eumelanin is found in hair , areola , and skin , and the hair colors gray , black , blond , and brown .","In humans , it is more abundant in people with dark skin .","Pheomelanin , a pink to red hue is found in particularly large quantities in red hair , the lips , nipples , glans of the penis , and vagina ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Eumelanin, which is behind the colors black , blond , and brown, and Pheomelanin, which is behind the red color, are the two pigments that determine the human hair color.","selected_sentences":["Eumelanin is found in hair , areola , and skin , and the hair colors gray , black , blond , and brown .","Pheomelanin , a pink to red hue is found in particularly large quantities in red hair , the lips , nipples , glans of the penis , and vagina ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Eumelanin determines the hair colors gray, black, blond and brown, and Pheomelanin, determines red hair color.","selected_sentences":["Eumelanin is found in hair , areola , and skin , and the hair colors gray , black , blond , and brown .","Pheomelanin , a pink to red hue is found in particularly large quantities in red hair , the lips , nipples , glans of the penis , and vagina ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"2061495492169076048","input":"what was the british economic policy of mercantilism","passages":[{"title":"Mercantilism","text":"With respect to its colonies , British mercantilism meant that the government and the merchants became partners with the goal of increasing political power and private wealth , to the exclusion of other empires . The government protected its merchants -- and kept others out -- through trade barriers , regulations , and subsidies to domestic industries in order to maximize exports from and minimize imports to the realm . The government had to fight smuggling , which became a favorite American technique in the 18th century to circumvent the restrictions on trading with the French , Spanish , or Dutch . The goal of mercantilism was to run trade surpluses , so that gold and silver would pour into London . The government took its share through duties and taxes , with the remainder going to merchants in Britain . The government spent much of its revenue on a superb Royal Navy , which not only protected the British colonies but threatened the colonies of the other empires , and sometimes seized them . Thus the British Navy captured New Amsterdam ( New York ) in 1664 . The colonies were captive markets for British industry , and the goal was to enrich the mother country . ","sentences":["With respect to its colonies , British mercantilism meant that the government and the merchants became partners with the goal of increasing political power and private wealth , to the exclusion of other empires .","The government protected its merchants -- and kept others out -- through trade barriers , regulations , and subsidies to domestic industries in order to maximize exports from and minimize imports to the realm .","The government had to fight smuggling , which became a favorite American technique in the 18th century to circumvent the restrictions on trading with the French , Spanish , or Dutch .","The goal of mercantilism was to run trade surpluses , so that gold and silver would pour into London .","The government took its share through duties and taxes , with the remainder going to merchants in Britain .","The government spent much of its revenue on a superb Royal Navy , which not only protected the British colonies but threatened the colonies of the other empires , and sometimes seized them .","Thus the British Navy captured New Amsterdam ( New York ) in 1664 .","The colonies were captive markets for British industry , and the goal was to enrich the mother country ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"With respect to its colonies, British mercantilism meant that the government and the merchants became partners with the goal of increasing political power and private wealth, to the exclusion of other empires.  The government protected its merchants--and kept others out--through trade barriers, regulations, and subsidies to domestic industries in order to maximize exports from and minimize imports to the realm.   The goal of mercantilism was to run trade surpluses, so that gold and silver would pour into London.  The government took its share through duties and taxes, with the remainder going to merchants in Britain.  The colonies were captive markets for British industry, and the goal was to enrich the mother country.","selected_sentences":["With respect to its colonies , British mercantilism meant that the government and the merchants became partners with the goal of increasing political power and private wealth , to the exclusion of other empires .","The government protected its merchants -- and kept others out -- through trade barriers , regulations , and subsidies to domestic industries in order to maximize exports from and minimize imports to the realm .","The goal of mercantilism was to run trade surpluses , so that gold and silver would pour into London .","The government took its share through duties and taxes , with the remainder going to merchants in Britain .","The colonies were captive markets for British industry , and the goal was to enrich the mother country ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"With respect to its colonies, British mercantilism meant that the government and the merchants became partners with the goal of increasing political power and private wealth, to the exclusion of other empires. The government protected its merchants--and kept others out--through trade barriers, regulations, and subsidies to domestic industries in order to maximize exports from and minimize imports to the realm.","selected_sentences":["With respect to its colonies , British mercantilism meant that the government and the merchants became partners with the goal of increasing political power and private wealth , to the exclusion of other empires .","The government protected its merchants -- and kept others out -- through trade barriers , regulations , and subsidies to domestic industries in order to maximize exports from and minimize imports to the realm .","The goal of mercantilism was to run trade surpluses , so that gold and silver would pour into London .","The government took its share through duties and taxes , with the remainder going to merchants in Britain .","The colonies were captive markets for British industry , and the goal was to enrich the mother country ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"1748177535249649888","input":"who played greg's mom in diary of a wimpy kid","passages":[{"title":"List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters","text":"Susan Heffley is Greg 's mother . Though she is loving and motherly , she sometimes seems naive , absent - minded , embarrassing , and overprotective , apparently thinking she knows about what kids Greg 's age are into when in fact , this is not the case . She does n't like technology . She also wants to become a good mother in front of her peers . She and her husband pay far more attention to Manny than their other two sons . She is portrayed by Rachael Harris in the first three films of the Diary of a Wimpy Kid film series . In Diary of a Wimpy Kid : The Long Haul , she is portrayed by Alicia Silverstone . In the online version of the first book , Susan was known as Ann Heffley . ","sentences":["Susan Heffley is Greg 's mother .","Though she is loving and motherly , she sometimes seems naive , absent - minded , embarrassing , and overprotective , apparently thinking she knows about what kids Greg 's age are into when in fact , this is not the case .","She does n't like technology .","She also wants to become a good mother in front of her peers .","She and her husband pay far more attention to Manny than their other two sons .","She is portrayed by Rachael Harris in the first three films of the Diary of a Wimpy Kid film series .","In Diary of a Wimpy Kid : The Long Haul , she is portrayed by Alicia Silverstone .","In the online version of the first book , Susan was known as Ann Heffley ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Susan Heffley is Greg 's mother, and she is portrayed by Rachael Harris in the first three films of the Diary of a Wimpy Kid film series.","selected_sentences":["Susan Heffley is Greg 's mother .","She is portrayed by Rachael Harris in the first three films of the Diary of a Wimpy Kid film series ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Rachael Harris played Greg 's mother, Susan Heffley, in the first three films of the Diary of a Wimpy Kid film series.","selected_sentences":["Susan Heffley is Greg 's mother .","She is portrayed by Rachael Harris in the first three films of the Diary of a Wimpy Kid film series ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-8256305667082527285","input":"what is the defense of marriage act 1996","passages":[{"title":"Defense of Marriage Act","text":"The Defense of Marriage Act ( DOMA ) ( Pub. L. 104 -- 199 , 110 Stat. 2419 , enacted September 21 , 1996 , 1 U.S.C. \u00a7 7 and 28 U.S.C. \u00a7 1738C ) was a United States federal law that , prior to being ruled unconstitutional , defined marriage for federal purposes as the union of one man and one woman , and allowed states to refuse to recognize same - sex marriages granted under the laws of other states . Until Section 3 of the Act was struck down in 2013 ( United States v. Windsor ) , DOMA , in conjunction with other statutes , had barred same - sex married couples from being recognized as `` spouses '' for purposes of federal laws , effectively barring them from receiving federal marriage benefits . DOMA 's passage did not prevent individual states from recognizing same - sex marriage , but it imposed constraints on the benefits received by all legally married same - sex couples . ","sentences":["The Defense of Marriage Act ( DOMA ) ( Pub.","L. 104 -- 199 , 110 Stat.","2419 , enacted September 21 , 1996 , 1 U.S.C. \u00a7 7 and 28 U.S.C. \u00a7 1738C ) was a United States federal law that , prior to being ruled unconstitutional , defined marriage for federal purposes as the union of one man and one woman , and allowed states to refuse to recognize same - sex marriages granted under the laws of other states .","Until Section 3 of the Act was struck down in 2013 ( United States v. Windsor ) , DOMA , in conjunction with other statutes , had barred same - sex married couples from being recognized as `` spouses '' for purposes of federal laws , effectively barring them from receiving federal marriage benefits .","DOMA 's passage did not prevent individual states from recognizing same - sex marriage , but it imposed constraints on the benefits received by all legally married same - sex couples ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The Defense of Marriage Act, enacted September 21 , 1996, was a United States federal law that , prior to being ruled unconstitutional , defined marriage for federal purposes as the union of one man and one woman , and allowed states to refuse to recognize same - sex marriages granted under the laws of other states.","selected_sentences":["The Defense of Marriage Act ( DOMA ) ( Pub.","2419 , enacted September 21 , 1996 , 1 U.S.C. \u00a7 7 and 28 U.S.C. \u00a7 1738C ) was a United States federal law that , prior to being ruled unconstitutional , defined marriage for federal purposes as the union of one man and one woman , and allowed states to refuse to recognize same - sex marriages granted under the laws of other states ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-1286481036686615960","input":"what is the difference between monte carlo and monaco","passages":[{"title":"Monte Carlo","text":"Monte Carlo ( \/ \u02c8m\u0252nti \u02c8k\u0251\u02d0rlo\u028a \/ ; Italian : ( \u02c8monte \u02c8karlo ) ; French : Monte - Carlo ( m\u0254\u0303te ka\u0281lo ) , or colloquially Monte - Carl ( m\u0254\u0303te ka\u0281l ) ; Mon\u00e9gasque : Monte - Carlu ) officially refers to an administrative area of the Principality of Monaco , specifically the ward of Monte Carlo \/ Sp\u00e9lugues , where the Monte Carlo Casino is located . Informally the name also refers to a larger district , the Monte Carlo Quarter ( corresponding to the former municipality of Monte Carlo ) , which besides Monte Carlo \/ Sp\u00e9lugues also includes the wards of La Rousse \/ Saint Roman , Larvotto \/ Bas Moulins , and Saint Michel . The permanent population of the ward of Monte Carlo is about 3,500 , while that of the quarter is about 15,000 . Monaco has four traditional quarters . From west to east they are : Fontvieille ( the newest ) , Monaco - Ville ( the oldest ) , La Condamine , and Monte Carlo . ","sentences":["Monte Carlo ( \/ \u02c8m\u0252nti \u02c8k\u0251\u02d0rlo\u028a \/ ; Italian : ( \u02c8monte \u02c8karlo ) ; French : Monte - Carlo ( m\u0254\u0303te ka\u0281lo ) , or colloquially Monte - Carl ( m\u0254\u0303te ka\u0281l ) ; Mon\u00e9gasque : Monte - Carlu ) officially refers to an administrative area of the Principality of Monaco , specifically the ward of Monte Carlo \/ Sp\u00e9lugues , where the Monte Carlo Casino is located .","Informally the name also refers to a larger district , the Monte Carlo Quarter ( corresponding to the former municipality of Monte Carlo ) , which besides Monte Carlo \/ Sp\u00e9lugues also includes the wards of La Rousse \/ Saint Roman , Larvotto \/ Bas Moulins , and Saint Michel .","The permanent population of the ward of Monte Carlo is about 3,500 , while that of the quarter is about 15,000 .","Monaco has four traditional quarters .","From west to east they are : Fontvieille ( the newest ) , Monaco - Ville ( the oldest ) , La Condamine , and Monte Carlo ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Monte Carlo refers to an administrative area and one of the four traditional quarters of the Principality of Monaco, specifically the ward of Monte Carlo, where the Monte Carlo Casino is located .","selected_sentences":["Monte Carlo ( \/ \u02c8m\u0252nti \u02c8k\u0251\u02d0rlo\u028a \/ ; Italian : ( \u02c8monte \u02c8karlo ) ; French : Monte - Carlo ( m\u0254\u0303te ka\u0281lo ) , or colloquially Monte - Carl ( m\u0254\u0303te ka\u0281l ) ; Mon\u00e9gasque : Monte - Carlu ) officially refers to an administrative area of the Principality of Monaco , specifically the ward of Monte Carlo \/ Sp\u00e9lugues , where the Monte Carlo Casino is located .","Monaco has four traditional quarters .","From west to east they are : Fontvieille ( the newest ) , Monaco - Ville ( the oldest ) , La Condamine , and Monte Carlo ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624,47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"5022173684691269392","input":"who was jim thorpe and what did he do","passages":[{"title":"Jim Thorpe","text":"James Francis Thorpe ( Sac and Fox ( Sauk ) : Wa - Tho - Huk , translated as `` Bright Path '' ; May 22 or 28 , 1887 -- March 28 , 1953 ) was an American athlete and Olympic gold medalist . A member of the Sac and Fox Nation , Thorpe became the first Native American to win a gold medal for his home country . Considered one of the most versatile athletes of modern sports , he won Olympic gold medals in the 1912 pentathlon and decathlon , and played American football ( collegiate and professional ) , professional baseball , and basketball . He lost his Olympic titles after it was found he had been paid for playing two seasons of semi-professional baseball before competing in the Olympics , thus violating the amateurism rules that were then in place . In 1983 , 30 years after his death , the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) restored his Olympic medals . ","sentences":["James Francis Thorpe ( Sac and Fox ( Sauk ) :","Wa - Tho - Huk , translated as `` Bright Path '' ; May 22 or 28 , 1887 -- March 28 , 1953 ) was an American athlete and Olympic gold medalist .","A member of the Sac and Fox Nation , Thorpe became the first Native American to win a gold medal for his home country .","Considered one of the most versatile athletes of modern sports , he won Olympic gold medals in the 1912 pentathlon and decathlon , and played American football ( collegiate and professional ) , professional baseball , and basketball .","He lost his Olympic titles after it was found he had been paid for playing two seasons of semi-professional baseball before competing in the Olympics , thus violating the amateurism rules that were then in place .","In 1983 , 30 years after his death , the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) restored his Olympic medals ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"James Francis Thorpe, a member of the Sac and Fox Nation , was the first Native American to win a gold medal for his home country .  He also played American football ( collegiate and professional ) , professional baseball , and basketball .","selected_sentences":["James Francis Thorpe ( Sac and Fox ( Sauk ) :","A member of the Sac and Fox Nation , Thorpe became the first Native American to win a gold medal for his home country .","Considered one of the most versatile athletes of modern sports , he won Olympic gold medals in the 1912 pentathlon and decathlon , and played American football ( collegiate and professional ) , professional baseball , and basketball ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"James Francis Thorpe, a member of the Sac and Fox Nation, was an American athlete and Olympic gold medalist. He was the first Native American to win a gold medal for his home country . He also played American football ( collegiate and professional ) , professional baseball , and basketball .","selected_sentences":["James Francis Thorpe ( Sac and Fox ( Sauk ) :","Wa - Tho - Huk , translated as `` Bright Path '' ; May 22 or 28 , 1887 -- March 28 , 1953 ) was an American athlete and Olympic gold medalist .","A member of the Sac and Fox Nation , Thorpe became the first Native American to win a gold medal for his home country .","Considered one of the most versatile athletes of modern sports , he won Olympic gold medals in the 1912 pentathlon and decathlon , and played American football ( collegiate and professional ) , professional baseball , and basketball ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-2951084596378848197","input":"who was the doctor that led the research on cte and was criticized by the nfl","passages":[{"title":"Bennet Omalu","text":"Together with colleagues in the Department of Pathology at the University of Pittsburgh , Omalu published his findings in the journal Neurosurgery in 2005 in a paper titled `` Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in a National Football League Player . '' In it , Omalu called for further study of the disease : `` We herein report the first documented case of long - term neurodegenerative changes in a retired professional NFL player consistent with chronic traumatic encephalopathy ( CTE ) . This case draws attention to a disease that remains inadequately studied in the cohort of professional football players , with unknown true prevalence rates . '' Omalu believed the National Football League ( NFL ) doctors would be `` pleased '' to read it and that his research could be used to `` fix the problem . '' The paper received little attention initially , but members of the NFL 's Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ( MTBI ) Committee later called for its retraction in May 2006 . Their letter requesting the retraction characterized Omalu 's description of CTE as `` completely wrong '' and called the paper `` a failure . '' ","sentences":["Together with colleagues in the Department of Pathology at the University of Pittsburgh , Omalu published his findings in the journal Neurosurgery in 2005 in a paper titled `` Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in a National Football League Player . ''","In it , Omalu called for further study of the disease : `` We herein report the first documented case of long - term neurodegenerative changes in a retired professional NFL player consistent with chronic traumatic encephalopathy ( CTE ) .","This case draws attention to a disease that remains inadequately studied in the cohort of professional football players , with unknown true prevalence rates . ''","Omalu believed the National Football League ( NFL ) doctors would be `` pleased '' to read it and that his research could be used to `` fix the problem . ''","The paper received little attention initially , but members of the NFL 's Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ( MTBI ) Committee later called for its retraction in May 2006 .","Their letter requesting the retraction characterized Omalu 's description of CTE as `` completely wrong '' and called the paper `` a failure . ''"]}],"output":[{"answer":"Bennet Omalu published his findings on  ``Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in a National Football League Player.'' in the journal of Neurosurgery.  The paper received little attention initially , but members of the NFL 's Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Committee later called for its retraction, characterizing Omalu's description of CTE as \"completely wrong\".","selected_sentences":["Together with colleagues in the Department of Pathology at the University of Pittsburgh , Omalu published his findings in the journal Neurosurgery in 2005 in a paper titled `` Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in a National Football League Player . ''","The paper received little attention initially , but members of the NFL 's Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ( MTBI ) Committee later called for its retraction in May 2006 .","Their letter requesting the retraction characterized Omalu 's description of CTE as `` completely wrong '' and called the paper `` a failure . ''"],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Bennet Omalu and colleagues of the Department of Pathology at the University of Pittsburgh published his findings on ``Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in a National Football League Player.'' in the journal of Neurosurgery. In 2006 members of the NFL 's Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ( MTBI ) Committee later called for its retraction,, calling the paper completely wrong.","selected_sentences":["Together with colleagues in the Department of Pathology at the University of Pittsburgh , Omalu published his findings in the journal Neurosurgery in 2005 in a paper titled `` Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in a National Football League Player . ''","The paper received little attention initially , but members of the NFL 's Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ( MTBI ) Committee later called for its retraction in May 2006 .","Their letter requesting the retraction characterized Omalu 's description of CTE as `` completely wrong '' and called the paper `` a failure . ''"],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"3176041515418332100","input":"what kind of car is the mach 5","passages":[{"title":"Mach Five","text":"The Mach Five ( \u30de\u30c3\u30cf \u53f7 , Mahha - g\u014d ) is the racing car Speed Racer ( Go Mifune in the Japanese version ) drives in the anime series of the same name ( known as `` Mach Go ! Go ! Go ! '' in Japan ) . The car was designed , built , and created by `` Pops Racer '' ( Daisuke Mifune ) , Speed Racer 's father . It features a set of special devices which Speed Racer uses throughout the series . In the original 1967 series , the Mach Five is a white racing car with an `` M '' written on its hood ( which does not stand for `` Mach 5 '' , but instead stands for `` Mifune '' , both Go 's last name , and the name of his father 's motor company ) . In the 1993 American remake , the design was completely changed . ","sentences":["The Mach Five ( \u30de\u30c3\u30cf \u53f7 , Mahha - g\u014d ) is the racing car Speed Racer ( Go Mifune in the Japanese version ) drives in the anime series of the same name ( known as `` Mach Go !","Go !","Go ! ''","in Japan ) .","The car was designed , built , and created by `` Pops Racer '' ( Daisuke Mifune ) , Speed Racer 's father .","It features a set of special devices which Speed Racer uses throughout the series .","In the original 1967 series , the Mach Five is a white racing car with an `` M '' written on its hood ( which does not stand for `` Mach 5 '' , but instead stands for `` Mifune '' , both Go 's last name , and the name of his father 's motor company ) .","In the 1993 American remake , the design was completely changed ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The Mach Five is the racing car Speed Racer drives in the anime series of the same name.  It features a set of special devices which Speed Racer uses throughout the series. In the original 1967 series, the Mach Five is a white racing car with an \"M\" written on its hood.  In the 1993 American remake, the design was completely changed.","selected_sentences":["The Mach Five ( \u30de\u30c3\u30cf \u53f7 , Mahha - g\u014d ) is the racing car Speed Racer ( Go Mifune in the Japanese version ) drives in the anime series of the same name ( known as `` Mach Go !","It features a set of special devices which Speed Racer uses throughout the series .","In the original 1967 series , the Mach Five is a white racing car with an `` M '' written on its hood ( which does not stand for `` Mach 5 '' , but instead stands for `` Mifune '' , both Go 's last name , and the name of his father 's motor company ) .","In the 1993 American remake , the design was completely changed ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"1062512425617030836","input":"what does the solicitor general of texas do","passages":[{"title":"Solicitor General of Texas","text":"The Solicitor General of Texas is the top appellate solicitor or lawyer for the U.S. state of Texas . It is an appointed position in the Office of the Texas Attorney General that focuses on the office 's major appellate cases . The majority of the cases handled by the Solicitor are argued in the United States Supreme Court and the Supreme Court of Texas . However some cases within the Solicitor 's responsibilities are under the jurisdiction of the United States Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit and the state appellate courts . The Solicitor represents the Attorney General of Texas before the Supreme Court of Texas and other appellate courts , as needed . The Office of the Solicitor General writes most of the amicus briefs filed by the Texas attorney general 's office . ","sentences":["The Solicitor General of Texas is the top appellate solicitor or lawyer for the U.S. state of Texas .","It is an appointed position in the Office of the Texas Attorney General that focuses on the office 's major appellate cases .","The majority of the cases handled by the Solicitor are argued in the United States Supreme Court and the Supreme Court of Texas .","However some cases within the Solicitor 's responsibilities are under the jurisdiction of the United States Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit and the state appellate courts .","The Solicitor represents the Attorney General of Texas before the Supreme Court of Texas and other appellate courts , as needed .","The Office of the Solicitor General writes most of the amicus briefs filed by the Texas attorney general 's office ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The Solicitor General of Texas is the top appellate solicitor or lawyer for the U.S. state of Texas .\r\nHe represents the Attorney General of Texas before the Supreme Court of Texas and other appellate courts , as needed .","selected_sentences":["The Solicitor General of Texas is the top appellate solicitor or lawyer for the U.S. state of Texas .","The Solicitor represents the Attorney General of Texas before the Supreme Court of Texas and other appellate courts , as needed ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The Solicitor General of Texas is the top appellate solicitor or lawyer for the U.S. state of Texas . He represents the Attorney General of Texas before the Supreme Court of Texas and other appellate courts , as needed . The Office of the Solicitor General writes most of the amicus briefs filed by the Texas attorney general 's office .","selected_sentences":["The Solicitor General of Texas is the top appellate solicitor or lawyer for the U.S. state of Texas .","The Solicitor represents the Attorney General of Texas before the Supreme Court of Texas and other appellate courts , as needed .","The Office of the Solicitor General writes most of the amicus briefs filed by the Texas attorney general 's office ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-6584031180119173333","input":"what is the story behind the song snuff","passages":[{"title":"Snuff (song)","text":"`` This is the slow one . It 's another personal one . Again , not naming names , it 's about someone who helped me through a lot and I thought she felt the same way that I did and then she really let me down . At the same time , it was good that she did , because it was that final push to me figuring out myself . The lyrics are pretty self - explanatory . '' -- Corey Taylor ","sentences":["`` This is the slow one .","It 's another personal one .","Again , not naming names , it 's about someone who helped me through a lot","and I thought she felt the same way that I did","and then she really let me down .","At the same time , it was good that she did , because it was that final push to me figuring out myself .","The lyrics are pretty self - explanatory . ''","-- Corey Taylor"]}],"output":[{"answer":"Snuff (song) -  not naming names , it 's about someone who helped me through a lot, but then she let me down. It was a good thing she did though, as that gave me the final push to figure myself out.","selected_sentences":["Again , not naming names , it 's about someone who helped me through a lot","and then she really let me down .","At the same time , it was good that she did , because it was that final push to me figuring out myself ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"According to Corey Taylor, the song Snuff is about someone who helped her through a lot and let her down, which was a good a good thing, because it was that final push to her to figure out herself.","selected_sentences":["Again , not naming names , it 's about someone who helped me through a lot","and then she really let me down .","At the same time , it was good that she did , because it was that final push to me figuring out myself .","-- Corey Taylor"],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-823708140666796093","input":"where do turkeys go after being pardoned by the president","passages":[{"title":"National Thanksgiving Turkey Presentation","text":"The phrase `` presidential pardon '' in that ceremony was apparently inserted by a speechwriter ; Bush initially was indifferent to the terminology , saying `` ' Reprieve , ' ' keep him going , ' or ' pardon ' : it 's all the same for the turkey , as long as he does n't end up on the president 's holiday table . '' Since then , at least one of the turkeys presented to the President has been taken to a farm where it will live out the rest of its natural life . For many years the turkeys were sent to Frying Pan Farm Park in Fairfax County , Virginia . From 2005 to 2009 , the pardoned turkeys were sent to either the Disneyland Resort in California or the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida , where they served as the honorary grand marshals of Disney 's Thanksgiving Day Parade . In 2010 , 2011 and 2012 , the turkeys were sent to live at Mount Vernon , the estate and home of George Washington ; Mount Vernon stopped displaying and accepting the turkeys due to the fact that they violated the estate 's policy of maintaining its own historical accuracy ( Washington never farmed turkeys ) . The 2013 , 2014 and 2015 turkeys were sent to Morven Park in Leesburg , Virginia , the estate of former Virginia governor ( and prolific turkey farmer ) Westmoreland Davis . Virginia Polytechnic Institute housed the 2016 pardoned turkey as well as the 2017 turkeys ; Virginia Tech was chosen because of the college 's poultry science program , and the National Turkey Federation wanted to begin a tradition of cooperation between the turkey industry and universities . ","sentences":["The phrase `` presidential pardon '' in that ceremony was apparently inserted by a speechwriter ; Bush initially was indifferent to the terminology , saying `` ' Reprieve , ' ' keep him going , ' or ' pardon ' : it 's all the same for the turkey , as long as he does n't end up on the president 's holiday table . ''","Since then , at least one of the turkeys presented to the President has been taken to a farm where it will live out the rest of its natural life .","For many years the turkeys were sent to Frying Pan Farm Park in Fairfax County , Virginia .","From 2005 to 2009 , the pardoned turkeys were sent to either the Disneyland Resort in California or the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida , where they served as the honorary grand marshals of Disney 's Thanksgiving Day Parade .","In 2010 , 2011 and 2012 , the turkeys were sent to live at Mount Vernon , the estate and home of George Washington ; Mount Vernon stopped displaying and accepting the turkeys due to the fact that they violated the estate 's policy of maintaining its own historical accuracy ( Washington never farmed turkeys ) .","The 2013 , 2014 and 2015 turkeys were sent to Morven Park in Leesburg , Virginia , the estate of former Virginia governor ( and prolific turkey farmer )","Westmoreland Davis .","Virginia Polytechnic Institute housed the 2016 pardoned turkey as well as the 2017 turkeys ; Virginia Tech was chosen because of the college 's poultry science program , and the National Turkey Federation wanted to begin a tradition of cooperation between the turkey industry and universities ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"At least one of the turkeys presented to the President has been taken to a farm where it will live out the rest of its natural life. For many years the turkeys were sent to Frying Pan Farm Park in Fairfax County , Virginia. From 2005 to 2009 , the pardoned turkeys were sent to either the Disneyland Resort in California or the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. In 2010 , 2011 and 2012 , the turkeys were sent to live at Mount Vernon , the estate and home of George Washington. The 2013 , 2014 and 2015 turkeys were sent to Morven Park in Leesburg , Virginia. Virginia Polytechnic Institute housed the 2016 pardoned turkey as well as the 2017 turkeys ; Virginia Tech was chosen.","selected_sentences":["Since then , at least one of the turkeys presented to the President has been taken to a farm where it will live out the rest of its natural life .","For many years the turkeys were sent to Frying Pan Farm Park in Fairfax County , Virginia .","From 2005 to 2009 , the pardoned turkeys were sent to either the Disneyland Resort in California or the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida , where they served as the honorary grand marshals of Disney 's Thanksgiving Day Parade .","In 2010 , 2011 and 2012 , the turkeys were sent to live at Mount Vernon , the estate and home of George Washington ; Mount Vernon stopped displaying and accepting the turkeys due to the fact that they violated the estate 's policy of maintaining its own historical accuracy ( Washington never farmed turkeys ) .","The 2013 , 2014 and 2015 turkeys were sent to Morven Park in Leesburg , Virginia , the estate of former Virginia governor ( and prolific turkey farmer )","Virginia Polytechnic Institute housed the 2016 pardoned turkey as well as the 2017 turkeys ; Virginia Tech was chosen because of the college 's poultry science program , and the National Turkey Federation wanted to begin a tradition of cooperation between the turkey industry and universities ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"4825648711262857693","input":"describe the components of current in npn transistor","passages":[{"title":"Bipolar junction transistor","text":"NPN is one of the two types of bipolar transistors , consisting of a layer of P - doped semiconductor ( the `` base '' ) between two N - doped layers . A small current entering the base is amplified to produce a large collector and emitter current . That is , when there is a positive potential difference measured from the base of an NPN transistor to its emitter ( that is , when the base is high relative to the emitter ) , as well as a positive potential difference measured from the collector to the emitter , the transistor becomes active . In this `` on '' state , current flows from the collector to the emitter of the transistor . Most of the current is carried by electrons moving from emitter to collector as minority carriers in the P - type base region . To allow for greater current and faster operation , most bipolar transistors used today are NPN because electron mobility is higher than hole mobility . ","sentences":["NPN is one of the two types of bipolar transistors , consisting of a layer of P - doped semiconductor ( the `` base '' ) between two N - doped layers .","A small current entering the base is amplified to produce a large collector and emitter current .","That is , when there is a positive potential difference measured from the base of an NPN transistor to its emitter ( that is , when the base is high relative to the emitter ) , as well as a positive potential difference measured from the collector to the emitter , the transistor becomes active .","In this `` on '' state , current flows from the collector to the emitter of the transistor .","Most of the current is carried by electrons moving from emitter to collector as minority carriers in the P - type base region .","To allow for greater current and faster operation , most bipolar transistors used today are NPN because electron mobility is higher than hole mobility ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"NPN is one of the two types of bipolar transistors , consisting of a layer of P - doped semiconductor ( the `` base '' ) between two N - doped layers .\r\nThat is , when there is a positive potential difference measured from the base of an NPN transistor to its emitter ( that is , when the base is high relative to the emitter ) , as well as a positive potential difference measured from the collector to the emitter , the transistor becomes active .","selected_sentences":["NPN is one of the two types of bipolar transistors , consisting of a layer of P - doped semiconductor ( the `` base '' ) between two N - doped layers .","That is , when there is a positive potential difference measured from the base of an NPN transistor to its emitter ( that is , when the base is high relative to the emitter ) , as well as a positive potential difference measured from the collector to the emitter , the transistor becomes active ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976,47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-4265517280497870183","input":"what does the bible say about a dog returning to its vomit","passages":[{"title":"As a dog returns to his vomit, so a fool repeats his folly","text":"`` As a dog returns to his vomit , so a fool repeats his folly '' is an aphorism which appears in the Book of Proverbs in the Bible -- Proverbs 26 : 11 ( Hebrew : \u05db\u05b0\u05bc\u05ad\u05db\u05b6\u05dc\u05b6\u05d1 \u05e9\u05b8\u05c1\u05a3\u05d1 \u05e2\u05b7\u05dc \u05be \u05e7\u05b5\u05d0\u05b9\u0591\u05d5 \u05db\u05b0\u05bc\u059d\u05e1\u05b4\u0597\u05d9\u05dc \u05e9\u05b9\u05c1\u05d5\u05e0\u05b6\u05a5\u05d4 \u05d1\u05b0\u05d0\u05b4\u05d5\u05b7\u05bc\u05dc\u05b0\u05ea\u05b9\u05bc\u05bd\u05d5 \u200e K\u0259\u1e35ele\u1e07 \u0161\u0101\u1e07 ' al - q\u00ea'\u014dw ; k\u0259s\u00eel , \u0161\u014dwneh \u1e07\u0259'iwwalt\u014dw . ) , also partially quoted in the New Testament , 2 Peter 2 : 22 . It means that fools are stubbornly inflexible and this is illustrated with the repulsive simile of the dog that eats its vomit again , even though this may be poisonous . Dogs were considered unclean in Biblical times as they were commonly scavengers of the dead and they appear in the Bible as repugnant creatures , symbolising evil . The reference to vomit indicates excessive indulgence and so also symbolises revulsion . ","sentences":["`` As a dog returns to his vomit , so a fool repeats his folly '' is an aphorism which appears in the Book of Proverbs in the Bible -- Proverbs 26 : 11 ( Hebrew : \u05db\u05b0\u05bc\u05ad\u05db\u05b6\u05dc\u05b6\u05d1 \u05e9\u05b8\u05c1\u05a3\u05d1 \u05e2\u05b7\u05dc","\u05be \u05e7\u05b5\u05d0\u05b9\u0591\u05d5 \u05db\u05b0\u05bc\u059d\u05e1\u05b4\u0597\u05d9\u05dc \u05e9\u05b9\u05c1\u05d5\u05e0\u05b6\u05a5\u05d4 \u05d1\u05b0\u05d0\u05b4\u05d5\u05b7\u05bc\u05dc\u05b0\u05ea\u05b9\u05bc\u05bd\u05d5 \u200e K\u0259\u1e35ele\u1e07 \u0161\u0101\u1e07 ' al - q\u00ea'\u014dw ; k\u0259s\u00eel , \u0161\u014dwneh \u1e07\u0259'iwwalt\u014dw . )",", also partially quoted in the New Testament , 2 Peter 2 : 22 .","It means that fools are stubbornly inflexible and this is illustrated with the repulsive simile of the dog that eats its vomit again , even though this may be poisonous .","Dogs were considered unclean in Biblical times as they were commonly scavengers of the dead and they appear in the Bible as repugnant creatures , symbolising evil .","The reference to vomit indicates excessive indulgence and so also symbolises revulsion ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"`` As a dog returns to his vomit , so a fool repeats his folly '' is an aphorism which appears in the Book of Proverbs in the Bible.\r\nThe reference to vomit indicates excessive indulgence and so also symbolises revulsion .","selected_sentences":["`` As a dog returns to his vomit , so a fool repeats his folly '' is an aphorism which appears in the Book of Proverbs in the Bible -- Proverbs 26 : 11 ( Hebrew : \u05db\u05b0\u05bc\u05ad\u05db\u05b6\u05dc\u05b6\u05d1 \u05e9\u05b8\u05c1\u05a3\u05d1 \u05e2\u05b7\u05dc","The reference to vomit indicates excessive indulgence and so also symbolises revulsion ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"7239708044866662245","input":"when was the first virus found in both plants and animals","passages":[{"title":"Virus","text":"Louis Pasteur was unable to find a causative agent for rabies and speculated about a pathogen too small to be detected using a microscope . In 1884 , the French microbiologist Charles Chamberland invented a filter ( known today as the Chamberland filter or the Pasteur - Chamberland filter ) with pores smaller than bacteria . Thus , he could pass a solution containing bacteria through the filter and completely remove them . In 1892 , the Russian biologist Dmitri Ivanovsky used this filter to study what is now known as the tobacco mosaic virus . His experiments showed that crushed leaf extracts from infected tobacco plants remain infectious after filtration . Ivanovsky suggested the infection might be caused by a toxin produced by bacteria , but did not pursue the idea . At the time it was thought that all infectious agents could be retained by filters and grown on a nutrient medium -- this was part of the germ theory of disease . In 1898 , the Dutch microbiologist Martinus Beijerinck repeated the experiments and became convinced that the filtered solution contained a new form of infectious agent . He observed that the agent multiplied only in cells that were dividing , but as his experiments did not show that it was made of particles , he called it a contagium vivum fluidum ( soluble living germ ) and re-introduced the word virus . Beijerinck maintained that viruses were liquid in nature , a theory later discredited by Wendell Stanley , who proved they were particulate . In the same year Friedrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch passed the first animal virus -- agent of foot - and - mouth disease ( aphthovirus ) -- through a similar filter . ","sentences":["Louis Pasteur was unable to find a causative agent for rabies and speculated about a pathogen too small to be detected using a microscope .","In 1884 , the French microbiologist Charles Chamberland invented a filter ( known today as the Chamberland filter or the Pasteur - Chamberland filter ) with pores smaller than bacteria .","Thus , he could pass a solution containing bacteria through the filter and completely remove them .","In 1892 , the Russian biologist Dmitri Ivanovsky used this filter to study what is now known as the tobacco mosaic virus .","His experiments showed that crushed leaf extracts from infected tobacco plants remain infectious after filtration .","Ivanovsky suggested the infection might be caused by a toxin produced by bacteria , but did not pursue the idea .","At the time it was thought that all infectious agents could be retained by filters and grown on a nutrient medium -- this was part of the germ theory of disease .","In 1898 , the Dutch microbiologist Martinus Beijerinck repeated the experiments and became convinced that the filtered solution contained a new form of infectious agent .","He observed that the agent multiplied only in cells that were dividing , but as his experiments did not show that it was made of particles , he called it a contagium vivum fluidum ( soluble living germ ) and re-introduced the word virus .","Beijerinck maintained that viruses were liquid in nature , a theory later discredited by Wendell Stanley , who proved they were particulate .","In the same year Friedrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch passed the first animal virus -- agent of foot - and - mouth disease ( aphthovirus ) -- through a similar filter ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"In 1892, the Russian biologist Dmitri Ivanovsky used filter to study what is now known as the tobacco mosaic virus, crushed leaf extracts from infected tobacco plants remain infectious after filtration. In 1898, Friedrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch passed the first animal virus -- agent of foot - and - mouth disease ( aphthovirus ).","selected_sentences":["In 1892 , the Russian biologist Dmitri Ivanovsky used this filter to study what is now known as the tobacco mosaic virus .","His experiments showed that crushed leaf extracts from infected tobacco plants remain infectious after filtration .","In 1898 , the Dutch microbiologist Martinus Beijerinck repeated the experiments and became convinced that the filtered solution contained a new form of infectious agent .","In the same year Friedrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch passed the first animal virus -- agent of foot - and - mouth disease ( aphthovirus ) -- through a similar filter ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The first virus found in plants was in 1898 when Martinus Beijerinck became convinced that the filtered solution contained a new form of infectious agent after he repeated the experiments Dmitri Ivanovsky started by using Charles Chamberland's filter to study what is now known as the tobacco mosaic virus.\r\nIn 1898 as well, Friedrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch passed aphthovirus, which was the first animal virus.","selected_sentences":["In 1884 , the French microbiologist Charles Chamberland invented a filter ( known today as the Chamberland filter or the Pasteur - Chamberland filter ) with pores smaller than bacteria .","In 1892 , the Russian biologist Dmitri Ivanovsky used this filter to study what is now known as the tobacco mosaic virus .","In 1898 , the Dutch microbiologist Martinus Beijerinck repeated the experiments and became convinced that the filtered solution contained a new form of infectious agent .","In the same year Friedrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch passed the first animal virus -- agent of foot - and - mouth disease ( aphthovirus ) -- through a similar filter ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"2079100088522925638","input":"what impact did the geography of new england have on the farming communities","passages":[{"title":"The impact of geography on colonial America","text":"Since the soil and weather in New England was not suitable for farming , many people did not farm . Instead they imported crops from other regions or even other countries . In return , they would trade products they had to other countries . These products included fish , whale products , ships , timber products . Also , they traded furs and livestock products made from animals living in the surrounding forests . ","sentences":["Since the soil and weather in New England was not suitable for farming , many people did not farm .","Instead they imported crops from other regions or even other countries .","In return , they would trade products they had to other countries .","These products included fish , whale products , ships , timber products .","Also , they traded furs and livestock products made from animals living in the surrounding forests ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Many people in New England did not farm since the soil and weather  was not suitable for farming.\r\nInstead they imported crops and traded products they had to other countries . They also traded furs and livestock products.","selected_sentences":["Since the soil and weather in New England was not suitable for farming , many people did not farm .","Instead they imported crops from other regions or even other countries .","In return , they would trade products they had to other countries .","Also , they traded furs and livestock products made from animals living in the surrounding forests ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Many people in New England did not farm since the soil and weather was not suitable for farming. Instead they imported crops and traded products they had.","selected_sentences":["Since the soil and weather in New England was not suitable for farming , many people did not farm .","Instead they imported crops from other regions or even other countries .","In return , they would trade products they had to other countries .","Also , they traded furs and livestock products made from animals living in the surrounding forests ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-8255622330472014268","input":"how old is the wife of president of france","passages":[{"title":"Brigitte Macron","text":"Brigitte Marie - Claude Macron ( French pronunciation : \u200b ( bri. \u0292it ma. \u0281i klod ma. k\u0281\u0254\u1dc9 ) ; n\u00e9e Trogneux , pronounced ( t\u0281\u0254. \u0272\u00f8 ) , previously Auzi\u00e8re , French pronunciation : \u200b ( o. zj\u025b\u02d0\u0281 ) ; born 13 April 1953 ) is the wife and former high school teacher of Emmanuel Macron , the President of the French Republic . In 2015 , to help support her husband in his political career , she ended her career as a teacher of literature at the elite lyc\u00e9e Saint - Louis de Gonzague in Paris . ","sentences":["Brigitte Marie - Claude Macron ( French pronunciation : \u200b ( bri. \u0292it ma.","\u0281i klod ma. k\u0281\u0254\u1dc9 ) ; n\u00e9e Trogneux , pronounced ( t\u0281\u0254.","\u0272\u00f8 ) , previously Auzi\u00e8re , French pronunciation : \u200b ( o. zj\u025b\u02d0\u0281 ) ; born 13 April 1953 )","is the wife and former high school teacher of Emmanuel Macron , the President of the French Republic .","In 2015 , to help support her husband in his political career , she ended her career as a teacher of literature at the elite lyc\u00e9e Saint - Louis de Gonzague in Paris ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Brigitte Marie-Claude Macron born 13 April 1953.","selected_sentences":["Brigitte Marie - Claude Macron ( French pronunciation : \u200b ( bri. \u0292it ma.","\u0272\u00f8 ) , previously Auzi\u00e8re , French pronunciation : \u200b ( o. zj\u025b\u02d0\u0281 ) ; born 13 April 1953 )"],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Brigitte Marie - Claude Macron, the wife of the President of the French Republic, Emmanuel Macron, was born on 13 April 1953.","selected_sentences":["Brigitte Marie - Claude Macron ( French pronunciation : \u200b ( bri. \u0292it ma.","\u0272\u00f8 ) , previously Auzi\u00e8re , French pronunciation : \u200b ( o. zj\u025b\u02d0\u0281 ) ; born 13 April 1953 )","is the wife and former high school teacher of Emmanuel Macron , the President of the French Republic ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-6510286824757176315","input":"what does it mean to stress a syllable","passages":[{"title":"Stress (linguistics)","text":"In linguistics , and particularly phonology , stress or accent is relative emphasis or prominence given to a certain syllable in a word , or to a certain word in a phrase or sentence . This emphasis is typically caused by such properties as increased loudness and vowel length , full articulation of the vowel , and changes in pitch . The terms stress and accent are often used synonymously in this context , but they are sometimes distinguished . For example , when emphasis is produced through pitch alone , it is called pitch accent , and when produced through length alone , it is called quantitative accent . When caused by a combination of various intensified properties , it is called stress accent or dynamic accent ; English uses what is called variable stress accent . ","sentences":["In linguistics , and particularly phonology , stress or accent is relative emphasis or prominence given to a certain syllable in a word , or to a certain word in a phrase or sentence .","This emphasis is typically caused by such properties as increased loudness and vowel length , full articulation of the vowel , and changes in pitch .","The terms stress and accent are often used synonymously in this context , but they are sometimes distinguished .","For example , when emphasis is produced through pitch alone , it is called pitch accent , and when produced through length alone , it is called quantitative accent .","When caused by a combination of various intensified properties , it is called stress accent or dynamic accent ; English uses what is called variable stress accent ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Stress or accent is relative emphasis or prominence given to a certain syllable in a word, or to a certain word in a phrase or sentence.  This emphasis is typically caused by such properties as increased loudness and vowel length, full articulation of the vowel, and changes in pitch.  When emphasis is produced through pitch alone, it is called pitch accent, and when produced through length alone, it is called quantitative accent.  When caused by a combination of various intensified properties, it is called stress accent or dynamic accent; English uses what is called variable stress accent.","selected_sentences":["In linguistics , and particularly phonology , stress or accent is relative emphasis or prominence given to a certain syllable in a word , or to a certain word in a phrase or sentence .","This emphasis is typically caused by such properties as increased loudness and vowel length , full articulation of the vowel , and changes in pitch .","For example , when emphasis is produced through pitch alone , it is called pitch accent , and when produced through length alone , it is called quantitative accent .","When caused by a combination of various intensified properties , it is called stress accent or dynamic accent ; English uses what is called variable stress accent ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"In linguistics , and particularly phonology , stress or accent is relative emphasis or prominence given to a certain syllable in a word , or to a certain word in a phrase or sentence .","selected_sentences":["In linguistics , and particularly phonology , stress or accent is relative emphasis or prominence given to a certain syllable in a word , or to a certain word in a phrase or sentence ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-1257580038851946042","input":"what do the colours on the olympic rings represent","passages":[{"title":"Olympic symbols","text":"The rings are five interlocking rings , colored blue , yellow , black , green and red on a white field , known as the `` Olympic rings '' . The symbol was originally designed in 1912 by Baron Pierre de Coubertin , co-founder of the modern Olympic Games . He appears to have intended the rings to represent the five participating continents : Africa , Asia , America , Australia and Europe . According to Coubertin , the colors of the rings together with the white of the background included the colors composing every competing nation 's flag at the time . Upon its initial introduction , Coubertin stated the following in the August 1912 edition of Olympique : ","sentences":["The rings are five interlocking rings , colored blue , yellow , black , green and red on a white field , known as the `` Olympic rings '' .","The symbol was originally designed in 1912 by Baron Pierre de Coubertin , co-founder of the modern Olympic Games .","He appears to have intended the rings to represent the five participating continents : Africa , Asia , America , Australia and Europe .","According to Coubertin , the colors of the rings together with the white of the background included the colors composing every competing nation 's flag at the time .","Upon its initial introduction , Coubertin stated the following in the August 1912 edition of Olympique :"]}],"output":[{"answer":"The colors of the rings together with the white of the background included the colors composing every competing nation's flag at the time when the symbol was designed by Baron Pierre de Coubertin in 1912.","selected_sentences":["The symbol was originally designed in 1912 by Baron Pierre de Coubertin , co-founder of the modern Olympic Games .","According to Coubertin , the colors of the rings together with the white of the background included the colors composing every competing nation 's flag at the time ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The rings are five interlocking rings , colored blue , yellow , black , green and red on a white field, representing the five participating continents : Africa , Asia , America , Australia and Europe.","selected_sentences":["The rings are five interlocking rings , colored blue , yellow , black , green and red on a white field , known as the `` Olympic rings '' .","He appears to have intended the rings to represent the five participating continents : Africa , Asia , America , Australia and Europe ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"4026300948942185987","input":"what is the best height for a soccer player","passages":[{"title":"Height in sports","text":"In association football , or soccer , a player 's height may somewhat determine the position that they play ; however , people of all heights have an equal opportunity to excel professionally at the sport . Goalkeepers , centre backs and `` target '' heading forwards tend to be taller , while players in wide and attacking positions tend to be shorter . A study of the greatest male players in history showed that the distribution of heights approximated the average man and , when also looking at the typical weight distribution , an estimated 95 % of the world 's population would fall into the body type distribution of great footballers . A sample of reasonably select players from ages 11 -- 18 in the United States tended to approximate the height distribution of the population . However , there is an overwhelming tendency for the 11-most picked players in a squad to be shorter than their teammates , which could suggest a bias in the scouting system . ","sentences":["In association football , or soccer , a player 's height may somewhat determine the position that they play ; however , people of all heights have an equal opportunity to excel professionally at the sport .","Goalkeepers , centre backs and `` target '' heading forwards tend to be taller , while players in wide and attacking positions tend to be shorter .","A study of the greatest male players in history showed that the distribution of heights approximated the average man and , when also looking at the typical weight distribution , an estimated 95 % of the world 's population would fall into the body type distribution of great footballers .","A sample of reasonably select players from ages 11 -- 18 in the United States tended to approximate the height distribution of the population .","However , there is an overwhelming tendency for the 11-most picked players in a squad to be shorter than their teammates , which could suggest a bias in the scouting system ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"In association football, or soccer, a player's height may somewhat determine the position that they play; however, people of all heights have an equal opportunity to excel professionally at the sport. Goalkeepers, centre backs and \"target\" heading forwards tend to be taller, while players in wide and attacking positions tend to be shorter. There is an overwhelming tendency for the 11-most picked players in a squad to be shorter than their teammates.","selected_sentences":["In association football , or soccer , a player 's height may somewhat determine the position that they play ; however , people of all heights have an equal opportunity to excel professionally at the sport .","Goalkeepers , centre backs and `` target '' heading forwards tend to be taller , while players in wide and attacking positions tend to be shorter .","A study of the greatest male players in history showed that the distribution of heights approximated the average man and , when also looking at the typical weight distribution , an estimated 95 % of the world 's population would fall into the body type distribution of great footballers .","However , there is an overwhelming tendency for the 11-most picked players in a squad to be shorter than their teammates , which could suggest a bias in the scouting system ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"6161497846937596390","input":"how did the house of saud come to power","passages":[{"title":"House of Saud","text":"The most influential member of the Royal family is the King of Saudi Arabia , currently King Salman . The succession to the Saudi Arabian throne was designed to pass from one son of the first king , Ibn Saud , to another . The next in line , Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman , is the son of King Salman , and thus from the ruling House of Saud . The king - appointed cabinet includes more members of the royal family . The monarchy was hereditary by agnatic seniority until 2006 , when a royal decree provided that future Saudi kings are to be elected by a committee of Saudi princes . Although current King Salman first choose his nephew and then his son as a crown prince without any consulation with Allegiance Council . ","sentences":["The most influential member of the Royal family is the King of Saudi Arabia , currently King Salman .","The succession to the Saudi Arabian throne was designed to pass from one son of the first king , Ibn Saud , to another .","The next in line , Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman , is the son of King Salman , and thus from the ruling House of Saud .","The king - appointed cabinet includes more members of the royal family .","The monarchy was hereditary by agnatic seniority until 2006 , when a royal decree provided that future Saudi kings are to be elected by a committee of Saudi princes .","Although current King Salman first choose his nephew and then his son as a crown prince without any consulation with Allegiance Council ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The succession to the Saudi Arabian throne was designed to pass from one son of the first king, Ibn Saud, to another.  The monarchy was hereditary by agnatic seniority until 2006, when a royal decree provided that future Saudi kings are to be elected by a committee of Saudi princes.","selected_sentences":["The succession to the Saudi Arabian throne was designed to pass from one son of the first king , Ibn Saud , to another .","The monarchy was hereditary by agnatic seniority until 2006 , when a royal decree provided that future Saudi kings are to be elected by a committee of Saudi princes ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"","selected_sentences":[],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":true,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-1399826316214371736","input":"what is the difference between senate and house of rep","passages":[{"title":"United States Congress","text":"The members of the House of Representatives serve two - year terms representing the people of a single constituency , known as a `` district '' . Congressional districts are apportioned to states by population using the United States Census results , provided that each state has at least one congressional representative . Each state , regardless of population or size , has two senators . Currently , there are 100 senators representing the 50 states . Each senator is elected at - large in their state for a six - year term , with terms staggered , so every two years approximately one - third of the Senate is up for election . ","sentences":["The members of the House of Representatives serve two - year terms representing the people of a single constituency , known as a `` district '' .","Congressional districts are apportioned to states by population using the United States Census results , provided that each state has at least one congressional representative .","Each state , regardless of population or size , has two senators .","Currently , there are 100 senators representing the 50 states .","Each senator is elected at - large in their state for a six - year term , with terms staggered , so every two years approximately one - third of the Senate is up for election ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The members of the House of Representatives serve two - year terms representing the people of a single constituency, known as a `` district ''. Congressional districts are apportioned to states by population using the United States Census results. Each state, regardless of population or size, has two senators. Each senator is elected at - large in their state for a six - year term, with terms staggered, so every two years approximately one - third of the Senate is up for election.","selected_sentences":["The members of the House of Representatives serve two - year terms representing the people of a single constituency , known as a `` district '' .","Congressional districts are apportioned to states by population using the United States Census results , provided that each state has at least one congressional representative .","Each state , regardless of population or size , has two senators .","Each senator is elected at - large in their state for a six - year term , with terms staggered , so every two years approximately one - third of the Senate is up for election ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-4618864426037979762","input":"who was glumdalclitch how did she help gulliver","passages":[{"title":"Glumdalclitch","text":"When he comes ashore , he is captured by a giant farmer , who perceives Gulliver only as an animal , a freak of nature resembling a man - shaped mouse . He takes Gulliver home and gives him to his nine - year - old daughter , a child `` not above forty feet high , being little for her age . '' She makes Gulliver her pet , creates a small travel case for him ( a miniature bed - chamber in a box ) , and is amused to play with him as if he were a doll . Gulliver grows very fond of the girl , and gives her the pet name of Glumdalclitch , or `` little nurse '' in the Brobdingian language . ( Of course `` little '' is highly ironic considering the circumstances . If Gulliver knows her real name , he does not tell the reader . ) Glumdalclitch is a skilled seamstress with a talent for making dolls ' clothes . Although Gulliver admires the wardrobe that she makes for him , he finds that even the finest Brodingnagian fabric is coarse and irritates his skin . The farmer takes Gulliver about as a freak show , charging observers money for performances . Gulliver grows very proud of the stunts that he performs for Glumdalclitch 's amusement . ","sentences":["When he comes ashore , he is captured by a giant farmer , who perceives Gulliver only as an animal , a freak of nature resembling a man - shaped mouse .","He takes Gulliver home and gives him to his nine - year - old daughter , a child `` not above forty feet high , being little for her age . ''","She makes Gulliver her pet , creates a small travel case for him ( a miniature bed - chamber in a box ) , and is amused to play with him as if he were a doll .","Gulliver grows very fond of the girl , and gives her the pet name of Glumdalclitch , or `` little nurse '' in the Brobdingian language .","( Of course `` little '' is highly ironic considering the circumstances .","If Gulliver knows her real name , he does not tell the reader . )","Glumdalclitch is a skilled seamstress with a talent for making dolls ' clothes .","Although Gulliver admires the wardrobe that she makes for him , he finds that even the finest Brodingnagian fabric is coarse and irritates his skin .","The farmer takes Gulliver about as a freak show , charging observers money for performances .","Gulliver grows very proud of the stunts that he performs for Glumdalclitch 's amusement ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Glumdalclitch is a nine-year-old daughter of a giant farmer, a child \"not above forty feet high, being little for her age.\"  She makes Gulliver her pet.   Gulliver grows very fond of the girl, and gives her the pet name of Glumdalclitch who is a skilled seamstress with a talent for making dolls' clothes.","selected_sentences":["When he comes ashore , he is captured by a giant farmer , who perceives Gulliver only as an animal , a freak of nature resembling a man - shaped mouse .","He takes Gulliver home and gives him to his nine - year - old daughter , a child `` not above forty feet high , being little for her age . ''","She makes Gulliver her pet , creates a small travel case for him ( a miniature bed - chamber in a box ) , and is amused to play with him as if he were a doll .","Gulliver grows very fond of the girl , and gives her the pet name of Glumdalclitch , or `` little nurse '' in the Brobdingian language .","Glumdalclitch is a skilled seamstress with a talent for making dolls ' clothes ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Glumdalclitch is a nine-year-old,  forty feet tall daughter of the farmer who captured Gulliver. She made Gulliver her pet, created a bed for him out of a travel case and made him clothes.","selected_sentences":["When he comes ashore , he is captured by a giant farmer , who perceives Gulliver only as an animal , a freak of nature resembling a man - shaped mouse .","He takes Gulliver home and gives him to his nine - year - old daughter , a child `` not above forty feet high , being little for her age . ''","She makes Gulliver her pet , creates a small travel case for him ( a miniature bed - chamber in a box ) , and is amused to play with him as if he were a doll .","Glumdalclitch is a skilled seamstress with a talent for making dolls ' clothes .","Although Gulliver admires the wardrobe that she makes for him , he finds that even the finest Brodingnagian fabric is coarse and irritates his skin ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-4951025187477080523","input":"what is the song 3 little birds about","passages":[{"title":"Three Little Birds","text":"The source of Marley 's inspiration for the lyrics of `` Three Little Birds '' remains disputed . They are partly inspired by birds that Marley was fond of , that used to fly and sit next to his home . Tony Gilbert , a long time friend of Marley , was present at the time he was writing the song and elaborated , `` Bob got inspired by a lot of things around him , he observed life . I remember the three little birds . They were pretty birds , canaries , who would come by the windowsill at Hope Road . '' However , three female singers from the reggae group I Threes who did shows with Marley claim it is a reference to them . I Threes member Marcia Griffiths remarked , `` After the song was written , Bob would always refer to us as the Three Little Birds . After a show , there would be an encore , sometimes people even wanted us to go back onstage four times . Bob would still want to go back and he would say , ' What is my Three Little Birds saying ? ' '' ","sentences":["The source of Marley 's inspiration for the lyrics of `` Three Little Birds '' remains disputed .","They are partly inspired by birds that Marley was fond of , that used to fly and sit next to his home .","Tony Gilbert , a long time friend of Marley , was present at the time he was writing the song and elaborated , `` Bob got inspired by a lot of things around him , he observed life .","I remember the three little birds .","They were pretty birds , canaries , who would come by the windowsill at Hope Road . ''","However , three female singers from the reggae group I Threes who did shows with Marley claim it is a reference to them .","I Threes member Marcia Griffiths remarked , `` After the song was written , Bob would always refer to us as the Three Little Birds .","After a show , there would be an encore , sometimes people even wanted us to go back onstage four times .","Bob would still want to go back and he would say , ' What is my Three Little Birds saying ? ' ''"]}],"output":[{"answer":"The lyrics of \"Three Little Birds\" are partly inspired by birds that Marley was fond of, that used to fly and sit next to his home; they were pretty birds, canaries, who would come by the windowsill at Hope Road.  However, three female singers from the reggae group I Threes who did shows with Marley claim it is a reference to them.  I Threes member Marcia Griffiths remarked, \"After the song was written, Bob would always refer to us as the Three Little Birds.\"","selected_sentences":["The source of Marley 's inspiration for the lyrics of `` Three Little Birds '' remains disputed .","They are partly inspired by birds that Marley was fond of , that used to fly and sit next to his home .","They were pretty birds , canaries , who would come by the windowsill at Hope Road . ''","However , three female singers from the reggae group I Threes who did shows with Marley claim it is a reference to them .","I Threes member Marcia Griffiths remarked , `` After the song was written , Bob would always refer to us as the Three Little Birds ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-1750447400710005062","input":"who became defense against the dark arts teacher","passages":[{"title":"Magic in Harry Potter","text":"Defence Against the Dark Arts , commonly shortened to D.A.D.A. , is the class that teaches students defensive techniques to defend against the Dark Arts , and to be protected from Dark creatures . In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows , with Death - Eaters in charge of the school , the subject is renamed the Dark Arts , and involves pupils practicing the Cruciatus Curse on those who have earned detentions . The subject has an extraordinarily high turnover of staff members -- throughout the series no Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher has retained the post for more than one school year . Harry is exceptionally skilled in this subject . During the period the story takes place , the class is taught by Quirinus Quirrell ( book one ) , Gilderoy Lockhart ( book two ) , Remus Lupin ( book three ) , Bartemius Crouch Jr impersonating Alastor `` Mad - eye '' Moody ( book four ) , Dolores Umbridge ( book five ) , Severus Snape ( book six ) , and Amycus Carrow ( book seven ) . Hagrid suggests in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets that `` They 're startin ' ter think the job 's jinxed . No one 's lasted long for a while now . '' In Half - Blood Prince , Dumbledore suggests that Voldemort cursed the position because his application for it was rejected . The existence of the jinx was eventually confirmed by Rowling . The position had also been coveted by Snape , but he was denied the position as well . Snape was finally appointed D.A.D.A. professor in Half - Blood Prince . Rowling announced in an interview that once Voldemort had died , the jinx he placed on the office was lifted and a permanent professor had been teaching the subject between the end of Deathly Hallows and the epilogue , set nineteen years afterwards . Furthermore , she imagines that Harry Potter occasionally comes to the class to give lectures on the subject . ","sentences":["Defence Against the Dark Arts , commonly shortened to D.A.D.A. , is the class that teaches students defensive techniques to defend against the Dark Arts , and to be protected from Dark creatures .","In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows , with Death - Eaters in charge of the school , the subject is renamed the Dark Arts , and involves pupils practicing the Cruciatus Curse on those who have earned detentions .","The subject has an extraordinarily high turnover of staff members -- throughout the series no Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher has retained the post for more than one school year .","Harry is exceptionally skilled in this subject .","During the period the story takes place , the class is taught by Quirinus Quirrell ( book one ) , Gilderoy Lockhart ( book two ) , Remus Lupin ( book three ) , Bartemius Crouch Jr impersonating Alastor `` Mad - eye ''","Moody ( book four ) , Dolores Umbridge ( book five ) , Severus Snape ( book six ) , and Amycus Carrow ( book seven ) .","Hagrid suggests in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets that `` They 're startin ' ter think the job 's jinxed .","No one 's lasted long for a while now . ''","In Half - Blood Prince , Dumbledore suggests that Voldemort cursed the position because his application for it was rejected .","The existence of the jinx was eventually confirmed by Rowling .","The position had also been coveted by Snape , but he was denied the position as well .","Snape was finally appointed D.A.D.A. professor in Half - Blood Prince .","Rowling announced in an interview that once Voldemort had died , the jinx he placed on the office was lifted and a permanent professor had been teaching the subject between the end of Deathly Hallows and the epilogue , set nineteen years afterwards .","Furthermore , she imagines that Harry Potter occasionally comes to the class to give lectures on the subject ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"During the period the story takes place, the class is taught by Quirinus Quirrell (book one), Gilderoy Lockhart (book two), Remus Lupin (book three), Bartemius Crouch Jr impersonating Alastor \"Mad-eye\"  Moody (book four), Dolores Umbridge (book five), Severus Snape (book six), and Amycus Carrow (book seven).","selected_sentences":["During the period the story takes place , the class is taught by Quirinus Quirrell ( book one ) , Gilderoy Lockhart ( book two ) , Remus Lupin ( book three ) , Bartemius Crouch Jr impersonating Alastor `` Mad - eye ''","Moody ( book four ) , Dolores Umbridge ( book five ) , Severus Snape ( book six ) , and Amycus Carrow ( book seven ) .","Snape was finally appointed D.A.D.A. professor in Half - Blood Prince ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"8713188615749424843","input":"which stage of the cell cycle is variable","passages":[{"title":"Cell cycle","text":"The first phase within interphase , from the end of the previous M phase until the beginning of DNA synthesis , is called G ( G indicating gap ) . It is also called the growth phase . During this phase , the biosynthetic activities of the cell , which are considerably slowed down during M phase , resume at a high rate . The duration of G is highly variable , even among different cells of the same species . In this phase , the cell increases its supply of proteins , increases the number of organelles ( such as mitochondria , ribosomes ) , and grows in size . In G phase , a cell has three options . ( 1 ) To continue cell cycle and enter S phase ( 2 ) Stop cell cycle and enter G phase for undergoing differentiation. ( 3 ) Get arrested in G phase hence it may enter G phase or re-enter cell cycle . The deciding factor is availability of nitrogens and storage of energy rich compounds at the deciding point called check point . This check point is called the restriction point or START and is regulated by G \/ S cyclins , which cause transition from G to S phase . Passage through the G check point commits the cell to division . S ","sentences":["The first phase within interphase , from the end of the previous M phase until the beginning of DNA synthesis , is called G ( G indicating gap ) .","It is also called the growth phase .","During this phase , the biosynthetic activities of the cell , which are considerably slowed down during M phase , resume at a high rate .","The duration of G is highly variable , even among different cells of the same species .","In this phase , the cell increases its supply of proteins , increases the number of organelles ( such as mitochondria , ribosomes ) , and grows in size .","In G phase , a cell has three options .","( 1 ) To continue cell cycle and enter S phase ( 2 ) Stop cell cycle and enter G phase for undergoing differentiation.","( 3 ) Get arrested in G phase hence it may enter G phase or re-enter cell cycle .","The deciding factor is availability of nitrogens and storage of energy rich compounds at the deciding point called check point .","This check point is called the restriction point or START and is regulated by G \/ S cyclins , which cause transition from G to S phase .","Passage through the G check point commits the cell to division .","S"]}],"output":[{"answer":"The first phase within interphase , from the end of the previous M phase until the beginning of DNA synthesis , is called G ( G indicating gap ) .\r\nThe duration of G is highly variable , even among different cells of the same species .","selected_sentences":["The first phase within interphase , from the end of the previous M phase until the beginning of DNA synthesis , is called G ( G indicating gap ) .","The duration of G is highly variable , even among different cells of the same species ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The duration of G (G indicating gap), the first phase within interphase, is highly variable, even among different cells of the same species.","selected_sentences":["The first phase within interphase , from the end of the previous M phase until the beginning of DNA synthesis , is called G ( G indicating gap ) .","The duration of G is highly variable , even among different cells of the same species ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-2312497216715831032","input":"when do they throw fish at pike place market","passages":[{"title":"Pike Place Fish Market","text":"The Pike Place Fish Market is best known for their habit of hurling customers ' orders across the shopping area . A typical routine will involve a customer ordering a fish , with their fishmongers in orange rubber overalls and boots calling out the order , which is loudly shouted back by all the other staff , at which point the original fishmonger will throw the customer 's fish behind the counter for wrapping . Initially , the shouted repeating of the ordered fish began as a prank on one employee , but was enjoyed by customers , so it became a tradition . While working , the staff continually yell to each other and chant in unison while they throw ordered fish . At times , the fish market staff will throw a foam fish into the crowd to scare bystanders , or select a customer from the crowds to participate in the fish toss . Above the areas in which they throw fish , the market hangs a sign that reads , `` Caution : Low Flying Fish '' . ","sentences":["The Pike Place Fish Market is best known for their habit of hurling customers ' orders across the shopping area .","A typical routine will involve a customer ordering a fish , with their fishmongers in orange rubber overalls and boots calling out the order , which is loudly shouted back by all the other staff , at which point the original fishmonger will throw the customer 's fish behind the counter for wrapping .","Initially , the shouted repeating of the ordered fish began as a prank on one employee , but was enjoyed by customers , so it became a tradition .","While working , the staff continually yell to each other and chant in unison while they throw ordered fish .","At times , the fish market staff will throw a foam fish into the crowd to scare bystanders , or select a customer from the crowds to participate in the fish toss .","Above the areas in which they throw fish , the market hangs a sign that reads , `` Caution : Low Flying Fish '' ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"A typical routine will involve a customer ordering a fish , with their fishmongers in orange rubber overalls and boots calling out the order , which is loudly shouted back by all the other staff , at which point the original fishmonger will throw the customer 's fish behind the counter for wrapping. At times , the fish market staff will throw a foam fish into the crowd to scare bystanders , or select a customer from the crowds to participate in the fish toss.","selected_sentences":["A typical routine will involve a customer ordering a fish , with their fishmongers in orange rubber overalls and boots calling out the order , which is loudly shouted back by all the other staff , at which point the original fishmonger will throw the customer 's fish behind the counter for wrapping .","At times , the fish market staff will throw a foam fish into the crowd to scare bystanders , or select a customer from the crowds to participate in the fish toss ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-6800237420245525859","input":"what is the full meaning of hb pencil","passages":[{"title":"Pencil","text":"Most manufacturers , and almost all in Europe , designate their pencils with the letters H ( commonly interpreted as `` hardness '' ) to B ( commonly `` blackness '' ) , as well as F ( usually taken to mean `` fineness '' , although F pencils are no more fine or more easily sharpened than any other grade . also known as `` firm '' in Japan ) . The standard writing pencil is graded HB . This designation might have been first used in the early 20th century by Brookman , an English pencil maker . It used B for black and H for hard ; a pencil 's grade was described by a sequence or successive Hs or Bs such as BB and BBB for successively softer leads , and HH and HHH for successively harder ones . The Koh - i - Noor Hardtmuth pencil manufacturers claim to have first used the HB designations , with H standing for Hardtmuth , B for the company 's location of Bud\u011bjovice , and F for Franz Hardtmuth , who was responsible for technological improvements in pencil manufacture . ","sentences":["Most manufacturers , and almost all in Europe , designate their pencils with the letters H ( commonly interpreted as `` hardness '' ) to B ( commonly `` blackness '' ) , as well as F ( usually taken to mean `` fineness '' , although F pencils are no more fine or more easily sharpened than any other grade .","also known as `` firm '' in Japan ) .","The standard writing pencil is graded HB .","This designation might have been first used in the early 20th century by Brookman , an English pencil maker .","It used B for black and H for hard ; a pencil 's grade was described by a sequence or successive Hs or Bs such as BB and BBB for successively softer leads , and HH and HHH for successively harder ones .","The Koh - i - Noor Hardtmuth pencil manufacturers claim to have first used the HB designations , with H standing for Hardtmuth , B for the company 's location of Bud\u011bjovice , and F for Franz Hardtmuth , who was responsible for technological improvements in pencil manufacture ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The standard writing pencil is graded HB .\r\nMost manufacturers , and almost all in Europe , designate their pencils with the letters H, commonly interpreted as `` hardness '', to B  commonly `` blackness ''.","selected_sentences":["Most manufacturers , and almost all in Europe , designate their pencils with the letters H ( commonly interpreted as `` hardness '' ) to B ( commonly `` blackness '' ) , as well as F ( usually taken to mean `` fineness '' , although F pencils are no more fine or more easily sharpened than any other grade .","The standard writing pencil is graded HB .","The Koh - i - Noor Hardtmuth pencil manufacturers claim to have first used the HB designations , with H standing for Hardtmuth , B for the company 's location of Bud\u011bjovice , and F for Franz Hardtmuth , who was responsible for technological improvements in pencil manufacture ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The standard writing pencil is graded HB . Most manufacturers , and almost all in Europe , designate their pencils with the letters H, commonly interpreted as `` hardness '', to B commonly `` blackness ''.  On the other hand, the Koh - i - Noor Hardtmuth pencil manufacturers claim to have first used the HB designations , with H standing for Hardtmuth , B for the company 's location of Bud\u011bjovice.","selected_sentences":["Most manufacturers , and almost all in Europe , designate their pencils with the letters H ( commonly interpreted as `` hardness '' ) to B ( commonly `` blackness '' ) , as well as F ( usually taken to mean `` fineness '' , although F pencils are no more fine or more easily sharpened than any other grade .","The standard writing pencil is graded HB .","It used B for black and H for hard ; a pencil 's grade was described by a sequence or successive Hs or Bs such as BB and BBB for successively softer leads , and HH and HHH for successively harder ones .","The Koh - i - Noor Hardtmuth pencil manufacturers claim to have first used the HB designations , with H standing for Hardtmuth , B for the company 's location of Bud\u011bjovice , and F for Franz Hardtmuth , who was responsible for technological improvements in pencil manufacture ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"4068684148045245438","input":"what kind of fish can you catch in the long island sound","passages":[{"title":"Long Island Sound","text":"The most common marine fish in the Sound include porgy , butterfish , winter flounder , summer flounder , windowpane flounder , fourspot flounder , northern and striped sea robin , little skate , menhaden , Atlantic silversides , black seabass , blackfish ( tautog ) , cunner , bluefish , and smooth dogfish . Frequently Atlantic bonito and false albacore , both members of the tuna family , enter the sound and can be caught by anglers from small boats and shore . Many species have declined rapidly since 1975 due to over fishing . Winter flounder may not be currently present except for rare , small local populations . Tautog and summer flounder are also less numerous . Anadromous fishes include striped bass , white perch , alewives , blueback herring , and American and hickory shad . Although several shark species likely infrequently wander in and out of the Sound , e.g. blue shark , mako shark , hammerhead shark & thresher shark , there are only four species of sharks which are regularly found in the area . These are the sand tiger shark , the sandbar shark , the spiny dogfish and the smooth dogfish . Mollusks ","sentences":["The most common marine fish in the Sound include porgy , butterfish , winter flounder , summer flounder , windowpane flounder , fourspot flounder , northern and striped sea robin , little skate , menhaden , Atlantic silversides , black seabass , blackfish ( tautog ) , cunner , bluefish , and smooth dogfish .","Frequently Atlantic bonito and false albacore , both members of the tuna family , enter the sound and can be caught by anglers from small boats and shore .","Many species have declined rapidly since 1975 due to over fishing .","Winter flounder may not be currently present except for rare , small local populations .","Tautog and summer flounder are also less numerous .","Anadromous fishes include striped bass , white perch , alewives , blueback herring , and American and hickory shad .","Although several shark species likely infrequently wander in and out of the Sound , e.g. blue shark , mako shark , hammerhead shark & thresher shark , there are only four species of sharks which are regularly found in the area .","These are the sand tiger shark , the sandbar shark , the spiny dogfish and the smooth dogfish .","Mollusks"]}],"output":[{"answer":"The most common marine fish in the Sound include porgy, butterfish, winter flounder, summer flounder, windowpane flounder, fourspot flounder, northern and striped sea robin, little skate, menhaden, Atlantic silversides, black seabass, blackfish (tautog), cunner, bluefish, and smooth dogfish.  Frequently Atlantic bonito and false albacore, both members of the tuna family, enter the sound and can be caught by anglers from small boats and shore.  Anadromous fishes include striped bass, white perch, alewives, blueback herring, and American and hickory shad.  Although several shark species likely infrequently wander in and out of the Sound, e.g. blue shark, mako shark, hammerhead shark & thresher shark, there are only four species of sharks which are regularly found in the area.  These are the sand tiger shark, the sandbar shark, the spiny dogfish and the smooth dogfish.","selected_sentences":["The most common marine fish in the Sound include porgy , butterfish , winter flounder , summer flounder , windowpane flounder , fourspot flounder , northern and striped sea robin , little skate , menhaden , Atlantic silversides , black seabass , blackfish ( tautog ) , cunner , bluefish , and smooth dogfish .","Frequently Atlantic bonito and false albacore , both members of the tuna family , enter the sound and can be caught by anglers from small boats and shore .","Anadromous fishes include striped bass , white perch , alewives , blueback herring , and American and hickory shad .","Although several shark species likely infrequently wander in and out of the Sound , e.g. blue shark , mako shark , hammerhead shark & thresher shark , there are only four species of sharks which are regularly found in the area .","These are the sand tiger shark , the sandbar shark , the spiny dogfish and the smooth dogfish ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"7468794414379661050","input":"which direction do the easter island heads face","passages":[{"title":"Moai","text":"Easter Island statues are known for their large , broad noses and strong chins , along with rectangle - shaped ears and deep eye slits . Their bodies are normally squatting , with their arms resting in different positions and are without legs . The majority of the ahu are found along the coast and face inland towards the community . There are some inland ahu such as Ahu Akivi . These moai face the community but given the small size of the island , also appear to face the coast . Eyes ","sentences":["Easter Island statues are known for their large , broad noses and strong chins , along with rectangle - shaped ears and deep eye slits .","Their bodies are normally squatting , with their arms resting in different positions and are without legs .","The majority of the ahu are found along the coast and face inland towards the community .","There are some inland ahu such as Ahu Akivi .","These moai face the community but given the small size of the island , also appear to face the coast .","Eyes"]}],"output":[{"answer":"The majority of the ahu are found along the coast and face inland towards the community. These moai face the community but given the small size of the island , also appear to face the coast.","selected_sentences":["The majority of the ahu are found along the coast and face inland towards the community .","These moai face the community but given the small size of the island , also appear to face the coast ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"7483313621841077081","input":"what is the historical significance of the townshend act","passages":[{"title":"Townshend Acts","text":"The Townshend Acts were a series of British acts passed beginning in 1767 and relating to the British American colonies in North America . The acts are named after Charles Townshend , the Chancellor of the Exchequer , who proposed the program . Historians vary slightly as to which acts they include under the heading `` Townshend Acts '' , but five acts are often mentioned : The Revenue Act of 1776 , the Indemnity Act ( 1776 ) , the Commissioners of Customs Act ( 1767 ) , the Vice Admiralty Court Act ( 1777 ) , and the New York Restraining Act ( 1776 . ) . The purpose of the Townshend Acts was to raise revenue in the colonies to pay the salaries of governors and judges so that they would remain loyal to Great Britain , to create a more effective means of enforcing compliance with trade regulations , to punish the province of New York for failing to comply with the 1765 Quartering Act , and to establish the precedent that the British Parliament had the right to tax the colonies . The Townshend Acts ( 1767 ) were met with resistance in the colonies , prompting the occupation of Boston by British troops in 1768 , which eventually resulted in the Boston Massacre of 1770 . ","sentences":["The Townshend Acts were a series of British acts passed beginning in 1767 and relating to the British American colonies in North America .","The acts are named after Charles Townshend , the Chancellor of the Exchequer , who proposed the program .","Historians vary slightly as to which acts they include under the heading `` Townshend Acts '' , but five acts are often mentioned : The Revenue Act of 1776 , the Indemnity Act ( 1776 ) , the Commissioners of Customs Act ( 1767 ) , the Vice Admiralty Court Act ( 1777 ) , and the New York Restraining Act ( 1776 . ) .","The purpose of the Townshend Acts was to raise revenue in the colonies to pay the salaries of governors and judges so that they would remain loyal to Great Britain , to create a more effective means of enforcing compliance with trade regulations , to punish the province of New York for failing to comply with the 1765 Quartering Act , and to establish the precedent that the British Parliament had the right to tax the colonies .","The Townshend Acts ( 1767 ) were met with resistance in the colonies , prompting the occupation of Boston by British troops in 1768 , which eventually resulted in the Boston Massacre of 1770 ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The Townshend Acts were a series of British acts passed beginning in 1767 and relating to the British American colonies in North America.   The Townshend Acts were met with resistance in the colonies, prompting the occupation of Boston by British troops in 1768, which eventually resulted in the Boston Massacre of 1770.","selected_sentences":["The Townshend Acts were a series of British acts passed beginning in 1767 and relating to the British American colonies in North America .","The Townshend Acts ( 1767 ) were met with resistance in the colonies , prompting the occupation of Boston by British troops in 1768 , which eventually resulted in the Boston Massacre of 1770 ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The Townshend Acts were passed to raise revenue in the colonies to pay governors and judges salaries and keep them loyal to Great Britain , to enforce compliance with trade regulations more effectively, to punish the province of New York for failing to comply with the 1765 Quartering Act , and to establish the precedent that the British Parliament had the right to tax the colonies .","selected_sentences":["The purpose of the Townshend Acts was to raise revenue in the colonies to pay the salaries of governors and judges so that they would remain loyal to Great Britain , to create a more effective means of enforcing compliance with trade regulations , to punish the province of New York for failing to comply with the 1765 Quartering Act , and to establish the precedent that the British Parliament had the right to tax the colonies ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"996768280100184490","input":"where is the world's fresh water stored","passages":[{"title":"Fresh water","text":"Out of all the water on Earth , saline water in oceans , seas and saline groundwater make up about 97 % of it . Only 2.5 -- 2.75 % is fresh water , including 1.75 -- 2 % frozen in glaciers , ice and snow , 0.5 -- 0.75 % as fresh groundwater and soil moisture , and less than 0.01 % of it as surface water in lakes , swamps and rivers . Freshwater lakes contain about 87 % of this fresh surface water , including 29 % in the African Great Lakes , 22 % in Lake Baikal in Russia , 21 % in the North American Great Lakes , and 14 % in other lakes . Swamps have most of the balance with only a small amount in rivers , most notably the Amazon River . The atmosphere contains 0.04 % water . In areas with no fresh water on the ground surface , fresh water derived from precipitation may , because of its lower density , overlie saline ground water in lenses or layers . Most of the world 's fresh water is frozen in ice sheets . Many areas suffer from lack of distribution of fresh water , such as deserts . ","sentences":["Out of all the water on Earth , saline water in oceans , seas and saline groundwater make up about 97 % of it .","Only 2.5 -- 2.75 % is fresh water , including 1.75 -- 2 % frozen in glaciers , ice and snow , 0.5 -- 0.75 % as fresh groundwater and soil moisture , and less than 0.01 % of it as surface water in lakes , swamps and rivers .","Freshwater lakes contain about 87 % of this fresh surface water , including 29 % in the African Great Lakes , 22 % in Lake Baikal in Russia , 21 % in the North American Great Lakes , and 14 % in other lakes .","Swamps have most of the balance with only a small amount in rivers , most notably the Amazon River .","The atmosphere contains 0.04 % water .","In areas with no fresh water on the ground surface , fresh water derived from precipitation may , because of its lower density , overlie saline ground water in lenses or layers .","Most of the world 's fresh water is frozen in ice sheets .","Many areas suffer from lack of distribution of fresh water , such as deserts ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Only 2.5 -- 2.75 % is fresh water , including 1.75 -- 2 % frozen in glaciers , ice and snow , 0.5 -- 0.75 % as fresh groundwater and soil moisture , and less than 0.01 % of it as surface water in lakes , swamps and rivers. Freshwater lakes contain about 87 % of this fresh surface water , including 29 % in the African Great Lakes , 22 % in Lake Baikal in Russia , 21 % in the North American Great Lakes , and 14 % in other lakes. In areas with no fresh water on the ground surface , fresh water derived from precipitation may , because of its lower density , overlie saline ground water in lenses or layers. Most of the world 's fresh water is frozen in ice sheets.","selected_sentences":["Only 2.5 -- 2.75 % is fresh water , including 1.75 -- 2 % frozen in glaciers , ice and snow , 0.5 -- 0.75 % as fresh groundwater and soil moisture , and less than 0.01 % of it as surface water in lakes , swamps and rivers .","Freshwater lakes contain about 87 % of this fresh surface water , including 29 % in the African Great Lakes , 22 % in Lake Baikal in Russia , 21 % in the North American Great Lakes , and 14 % in other lakes .","In areas with no fresh water on the ground surface , fresh water derived from precipitation may , because of its lower density , overlie saline ground water in lenses or layers .","Most of the world 's fresh water is frozen in ice sheets ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The world's fresh water is stored and can be extracted from glaciers , ice and snow ,  groundwater, soil moisture , lakes, swamps, rivers,  atmosphere and precipitation.","selected_sentences":["Only 2.5 -- 2.75 % is fresh water , including 1.75 -- 2 % frozen in glaciers , ice and snow , 0.5 -- 0.75 % as fresh groundwater and soil moisture , and less than 0.01 % of it as surface water in lakes , swamps and rivers .","The atmosphere contains 0.04 % water .","In areas with no fresh water on the ground surface , fresh water derived from precipitation may , because of its lower density , overlie saline ground water in lenses or layers ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-7492408127458093340","input":"where does the last name segovia come from","passages":[{"title":"Segovia","text":"The name of Segovia is of Celtiberian origin . The first inhabitants named the city Segobriga . This name comes from two terms of the Celtiberian language of the Celtic branch of Indo - European . The term Sego means `` victory '' ( the prefix is also present in other city names such as Segeda and Segontia , cf . German `` Sieg '' or Dutch `` zege '' ) and the suffix - briga would mean `` city '' or `` strength '' . So the name might be translated as `` City of the victory '' or `` Victorious city '' . ","sentences":["The name of Segovia is of Celtiberian origin .","The first inhabitants named the city Segobriga .","This name comes from two terms of the Celtiberian language of the Celtic branch of Indo - European .","The term Sego means `` victory '' ( the prefix is also present in other city names such as Segeda and Segontia , cf .","German `` Sieg '' or Dutch `` zege '' ) and the suffix - briga would mean `` city '' or `` strength '' .","So the name might be translated as `` City of the victory '' or `` Victorious city '' ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The name of Segovia is of Celtiberian origin . It comes from two terms of the Celtiberian language of the Celtic branch of Indo - European .","selected_sentences":["The name of Segovia is of Celtiberian origin .","This name comes from two terms of the Celtiberian language of the Celtic branch of Indo - European ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976,47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-7917317314516804853","input":"how is a session key exchanged between a client and server in most secure web transactions","passages":[{"title":"HTTPS","text":"The security of HTTPS is that of the underlying TLS , which typically uses long - term public and private keys to generate a short - term session key , which is then used to encrypt the data flow between client and server . X. 509 certificates are used to authenticate the server ( and sometimes the client as well ) . As a consequence , certificate authorities and public key certificates are necessary to verify the relation between the certificate and its owner , as well as to generate , sign , and administer the validity of certificates . While this can be more beneficial than verifying the identities via a web of trust , the 2013 mass surveillance disclosures drew attention to certificate authorities as a potential weak point allowing man - in - the - middle attacks . An important property in this context is forward secrecy , which ensures that encrypted communications recorded in the past can not be retrieved and decrypted should long - term secret keys or passwords be compromised in the future . Not all web servers provide forward secrecy . ","sentences":["The security of HTTPS is that of the underlying TLS , which typically uses long - term public and private keys to generate a short - term session key , which is then used to encrypt the data flow between client and server .","X. 509 certificates are used to authenticate the server ( and sometimes the client as well ) .","As a consequence , certificate authorities and public key certificates are necessary to verify the relation between the certificate and its owner , as well as to generate , sign , and administer the validity of certificates .","While this can be more beneficial than verifying the identities via a web of trust , the 2013 mass surveillance disclosures drew attention to certificate authorities as a potential weak point allowing man - in - the - middle attacks .","An important property in this context is forward secrecy , which ensures that encrypted communications recorded in the past can not be retrieved and decrypted should long - term secret keys or passwords be compromised in the future .","Not all web servers provide forward secrecy ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The security of HTTPS is that of the underlying TLS, which typically uses long-term public and private keys to generate a short-term session key, which is then used to encrypt the data flow between client and server.  X. 509 certificates are used to authenticate the server (and sometimes the client as well).  As a consequence, certificate authorities and public key certificates are necessary to verify the relation between the certificate and its owner, as well as to generate, sign, and administer the validity of certificates.   An important property in this context is forward secrecy, which ensures that encrypted communications recorded in the past can not be retrieved and decrypted should long-term secret keys or passwords be compromised in the future.","selected_sentences":["The security of HTTPS is that of the underlying TLS , which typically uses long - term public and private keys to generate a short - term session key , which is then used to encrypt the data flow between client and server .","X. 509 certificates are used to authenticate the server ( and sometimes the client as well ) .","As a consequence , certificate authorities and public key certificates are necessary to verify the relation between the certificate and its owner , as well as to generate , sign , and administer the validity of certificates .","An important property in this context is forward secrecy , which ensures that encrypted communications recorded in the past can not be retrieved and decrypted should long - term secret keys or passwords be compromised in the future ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"8824304517892704006","input":"what species of fish are in lake michigan","passages":[{"title":"Lake Michigan","text":"Lake Michigan is home to a wide variety of fish species and other organisms . It was originally home to lake whitefish , lake trout , yellow perch , panfish , largemouth bass , smallmouth bass and bowfin , as well as some species of catfish . As a result of improvements to the Welland Canal in 1919 , an invasion of sea lampreys and overharvesting , there has been a decline in native lake trout populations , ultimately causing an increase in the population of another invasive species , the alewife . As a result , salmonids , including various strains of brown trout , steelhead ( rainbow trout ) , coho and chinook salmon , were introduced as predators in order to decrease the alewife population . This program was so successful that the introduced population of trout and salmon exploded , resulting in the creation of a large sport fishery for these introduced species . Lake Michigan is now stocked annually with steelhead , brown trout , and coho and chinook salmon , which have also begun natural reproduction in some Lake Michigan tributaries . However , several introduced invasive species , such as lampreys , round goby , zebra mussels and quagga mussels , continue to cause major changes in water clarity and fertility , resulting in knock - on changes to Lake Michigan 's ecosystem , threatening the vitality of native fish populations . ","sentences":["Lake Michigan is home to a wide variety of fish species and other organisms .","It was originally home to lake whitefish , lake trout , yellow perch , panfish , largemouth bass , smallmouth bass and bowfin , as well as some species of catfish .","As a result of improvements to the Welland Canal in 1919 , an invasion of sea lampreys and overharvesting , there has been a decline in native lake trout populations , ultimately causing an increase in the population of another invasive species , the alewife .","As a result , salmonids , including various strains of brown trout , steelhead ( rainbow trout ) , coho and chinook salmon , were introduced as predators in order to decrease the alewife population .","This program was so successful that the introduced population of trout and salmon exploded , resulting in the creation of a large sport fishery for these introduced species .","Lake Michigan is now stocked annually with steelhead , brown trout , and coho and chinook salmon , which have also begun natural reproduction in some Lake Michigan tributaries .","However , several introduced invasive species , such as lampreys , round goby , zebra mussels and quagga mussels , continue to cause major changes in water clarity and fertility , resulting in knock - on changes to Lake Michigan 's ecosystem , threatening the vitality of native fish populations ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Lake Michigan was originally home to lake whitefish , lake trout , yellow perch , panfish , largemouth bass , smallmouth bass and bowfin , as well as some species of catfish. Lake Michigan is now stocked annually with steelhead , brown trout , and coho and chinook salmon , which have also begun natural reproduction in some Lake Michigan tributaries. However , several introduced invasive species , such as lampreys , round goby , zebra mussels and quagga mussels , continue to cause major changes in water clarity and fertility , resulting in knock - on changes to Lake Michigan 's ecosystem , threatening the vitality of native fish populations.","selected_sentences":["Lake Michigan is home to a wide variety of fish species and other organisms .","It was originally home to lake whitefish , lake trout , yellow perch , panfish , largemouth bass , smallmouth bass and bowfin , as well as some species of catfish .","Lake Michigan is now stocked annually with steelhead , brown trout , and coho and chinook salmon , which have also begun natural reproduction in some Lake Michigan tributaries .","However , several introduced invasive species , such as lampreys , round goby , zebra mussels and quagga mussels , continue to cause major changes in water clarity and fertility , resulting in knock - on changes to Lake Michigan 's ecosystem , threatening the vitality of native fish populations ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615,46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"6956710458361304122","input":"what does the general governor of canada do","passages":[{"title":"Governor General of Canada","text":"The Governor General of Canada ( French : Gouverneure g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du Canada ) is the federal viceregal representative of the Canadian monarch , currently Queen Elizabeth II . The person of the sovereign is shared equally both with the 15 other Commonwealth realms and the 10 provinces of Canada , but resides predominantly in her oldest realm , the United Kingdom . Because of this , the Queen , on the advice of her Canadian prime minister , appoints a governor general to carry out most of her constitutional and ceremonial duties . The commission is for an unfixed period of time -- known as serving at Her Majesty 's pleasure -- though five years is the normal convention . Beginning in 1959 , it has also been traditional to rotate between anglophone and francophone incumbents -- although many recent governors general have been bilingual . Once in office , the governor general maintains direct contact with the Queen , wherever she may be at the time . ","sentences":["The Governor General of Canada ( French : Gouverneure g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du Canada ) is the federal viceregal representative of the Canadian monarch , currently Queen Elizabeth II .","The person of the sovereign is shared equally both with the 15 other Commonwealth realms and the 10 provinces of Canada , but resides predominantly in her oldest realm , the United Kingdom .","Because of this , the Queen , on the advice of her Canadian prime minister , appoints a governor general to carry out most of her constitutional and ceremonial duties .","The commission is for an unfixed period of time -- known as serving at Her Majesty 's pleasure -- though five years is the normal convention .","Beginning in 1959 , it has also been traditional to rotate between anglophone and francophone incumbents -- although many recent governors general have been bilingual .","Once in office , the governor general maintains direct contact with the Queen , wherever she may be at the time ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The Governor General of Canada is the federal viceregal representative of the Canadian monarch, and carries out  most of the monarch's constitutional and ceremonial duties .","selected_sentences":["The Governor General of Canada ( French : Gouverneure g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du Canada ) is the federal viceregal representative of the Canadian monarch , currently Queen Elizabeth II .","Because of this , the Queen , on the advice of her Canadian prime minister , appoints a governor general to carry out most of her constitutional and ceremonial duties ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976,46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":2,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-2705463144889337080","input":"when does the next episode of code black come on","passages":[{"title":"List of Code Black episodes","text":"Code Black is an American medical drama , starring Marcia Gay Harden and Rob Lowe , that premiered on CBS on September 30 , 2015 . The series follows the understaffed , busy emergency room of Angels Memorial Hospital , which lacks sufficient resources . On May 16 , 2016 , the show was renewed for a second season , which premiered on September 28 , 2016 . On May 14 , 2017 , CBS renewed the show for a third season . On May 24 , 2018 CBS canceled the series after three seasons . During the course of the series , 47 episodes of Code Black aired over three seasons . ","sentences":["Code Black is an American medical drama , starring Marcia Gay Harden and Rob Lowe , that premiered on CBS on September 30 , 2015 .","The series follows the understaffed , busy emergency room of Angels Memorial Hospital , which lacks sufficient resources .","On May 16 , 2016 , the show was renewed for a second season , which premiered on September 28 , 2016 .","On May 14 , 2017 , CBS renewed the show for a third season .","On May 24 , 2018 CBS canceled the series after three seasons .","During the course of the series , 47 episodes of Code Black aired over three seasons ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Code Black was an American medical drama that was canceled by CBS on May 24th, 2018, after three seasons.","selected_sentences":["Code Black is an American medical drama , starring Marcia Gay Harden and Rob Lowe , that premiered on CBS on September 30 , 2015 .","On May 24 , 2018 CBS canceled the series after three seasons ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"On May 24 , 2018 CBS canceled the Code Black series after three seasons.","selected_sentences":["Code Black is an American medical drama , starring Marcia Gay Harden and Rob Lowe , that premiered on CBS on September 30 , 2015 .","On May 24 , 2018 CBS canceled the series after three seasons ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-1121963788203736353","input":"give the importance of alkaloids in pharmacy and medicine","passages":[{"title":"Alkaloid","text":"Alkaloids are produced by a large variety of organisms including bacteria , fungi , plants , and animals . They can be purified from crude extracts of these organisms by acid - base extraction . Alkaloids have a wide range of pharmacological activities including antimalarial ( e.g. quinine ) , antiasthma ( e.g. ephedrine ) , anticancer ( e.g. homoharringtonine ) , cholinomimetic ( e.g. galantamine ) , vasodilatory ( e.g. vincamine ) , antiarrhythmic ( e.g. quinidine ) , analgesic ( e.g. morphine ) , antibacterial ( e.g. chelerythrine ) , and antihyperglycemic activities ( e.g. piperine ) . Many have found use in traditional or modern medicine , or as starting points for drug discovery . Other alkaloids possess psychotropic ( e.g. psilocin ) and stimulant activities ( e.g. cocaine , caffeine , nicotine , theobromine ) , and have been used in entheogenic rituals or as recreational drugs . Alkaloids can be toxic too ( e.g. atropine , tubocurarine ) . Although alkaloids act on a diversity of metabolic systems in humans and other animals , they almost uniformly evoke a bitter taste . ","sentences":["Alkaloids are produced by a large variety of organisms including bacteria , fungi , plants , and animals .","They can be purified from crude extracts of these organisms by acid - base extraction .","Alkaloids have a wide range of pharmacological activities including antimalarial ( e.g. quinine ) , antiasthma ( e.g. ephedrine ) , anticancer ( e.g. homoharringtonine ) , cholinomimetic ( e.g. galantamine ) , vasodilatory ( e.g. vincamine ) , antiarrhythmic ( e.g. quinidine ) , analgesic ( e.g. morphine ) , antibacterial ( e.g. chelerythrine ) , and antihyperglycemic activities ( e.g. piperine ) .","Many have found use in traditional or modern medicine , or as starting points for drug discovery .","Other alkaloids possess psychotropic ( e.g. psilocin ) and stimulant activities ( e.g. cocaine , caffeine , nicotine , theobromine ) , and have been used in entheogenic rituals or as recreational drugs .","Alkaloids can be toxic too ( e.g. atropine , tubocurarine ) .","Although alkaloids act on a diversity of metabolic systems in humans and other animals , they almost uniformly evoke a bitter taste ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Alkaloids have a wide range of pharmacological activities including antimalarial , antiasthma  , anticancer , cholinomimetic , vasodilatory , antiarrhythmic , analgesic , antibacterial, and antihyperglycemic activities .\r\nOther alkaloids possess psychotropic and stimulant activities, and have been used in entheogenic rituals or as recreational drugs .","selected_sentences":["Alkaloids have a wide range of pharmacological activities including antimalarial ( e.g. quinine ) , antiasthma ( e.g. ephedrine ) , anticancer ( e.g. homoharringtonine ) , cholinomimetic ( e.g. galantamine ) , vasodilatory ( e.g. vincamine ) , antiarrhythmic ( e.g. quinidine ) , analgesic ( e.g. morphine ) , antibacterial ( e.g. chelerythrine ) , and antihyperglycemic activities ( e.g. piperine ) .","Other alkaloids possess psychotropic ( e.g. psilocin ) and stimulant activities ( e.g. cocaine , caffeine , nicotine , theobromine ) , and have been used in entheogenic rituals or as recreational drugs ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Alkaloids have a wide range of pharmacological activities including antimalarial , antiasthma , anticancer , cholinomimetic , vasodilatory , antiarrhythmic , analgesic , antibacterial, and antihyperglycemic activities .  Many have found use in traditional or modern medicine, or as starting points for drug discovery.  Other alkaloids possess psychotropic and stimulant activities, and have been used in entheogenic rituals or as recreational drugs .","selected_sentences":["Alkaloids have a wide range of pharmacological activities including antimalarial ( e.g. quinine ) , antiasthma ( e.g. ephedrine ) , anticancer ( e.g. homoharringtonine ) , cholinomimetic ( e.g. galantamine ) , vasodilatory ( e.g. vincamine ) , antiarrhythmic ( e.g. quinidine ) , analgesic ( e.g. morphine ) , antibacterial ( e.g. chelerythrine ) , and antihyperglycemic activities ( e.g. piperine ) .","Many have found use in traditional or modern medicine , or as starting points for drug discovery .","Other alkaloids possess psychotropic ( e.g. psilocin ) and stimulant activities ( e.g. cocaine , caffeine , nicotine , theobromine ) , and have been used in entheogenic rituals or as recreational drugs ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-3431167338713387150","input":"what tractor was produce in charles city iowa","passages":[{"title":"Charles City, Iowa","text":"Charles City is known for the role it played in the history of the American tractor . A native son Charles Walter Hart , whose father owned three local farms , met Charles H. Parr in college . After graduating from the University of Wisconsin , Hart and Parr developed a two - cylinder gasoline engine and set up their Hart - Parr Gasoline Engine Company in Charles City in 1897 . It was here in 1901 the term `` tractor '' with Latin roots and a combination of the words traction and power was first coined by Hart and Parr . In 1903 the firm built fifteen `` tractors '' , the first successful production - model tractor line in the U.S. The 14,000 pound No. 3 is the oldest surviving internal combustion engine tractor in the United States and is on display at the Smithsonian National Museum of American History in Washington D.C. In 1929 , Hart - Parr was one of the four companies that merged to form Oliver Farm Equipment Company and finally the White Farm - New Idea Equipment Co . At its peak in the mid-1970s , the sprawling plant complex encompassed 23 acres and employed nearly 3,000 workers . The 1980s farm crisis and other economic pressures led to the closing of the plant in 1993 . As of 2013 , the vacant site stands ready for re-use . HART ","sentences":["Charles City is known for the role it played in the history of the American tractor .","A native son Charles Walter Hart , whose father owned three local farms , met Charles H. Parr in college .","After graduating from the University of Wisconsin , Hart and Parr developed a two - cylinder gasoline engine and set up their Hart - Parr Gasoline Engine Company in Charles City in 1897 .","It was here in 1901 the term `` tractor '' with Latin roots and a combination of the words traction and power was first coined by Hart and Parr .","In 1903 the firm built fifteen `` tractors '' , the first successful production - model tractor line in the U.S.","The 14,000 pound No. 3 is the oldest surviving internal combustion engine tractor in the United States and is on display at the Smithsonian National Museum of American History in Washington D.C.","In 1929 , Hart - Parr was one of the four companies that merged to form Oliver Farm Equipment Company and finally the White Farm - New Idea Equipment Co .","At its peak in the mid-1970s , the sprawling plant complex encompassed 23 acres and employed nearly 3,000 workers .","The 1980s farm crisis and other economic pressures led to the closing of the plant in 1993 .","As of 2013 , the vacant site stands ready for re-use .","HART"]}],"output":[{"answer":"Hart and Parr developed a two - cylinder gasoline engine and set up their Hart - Parr Gasoline Engine Company in Charles City. The firm built fifteen `` tractors '', the first successful production - model tractor line in the U.S.","selected_sentences":["After graduating from the University of Wisconsin , Hart and Parr developed a two - cylinder gasoline engine and set up their Hart - Parr Gasoline Engine Company in Charles City in 1897 .","In 1903 the firm built fifteen `` tractors '' , the first successful production - model tractor line in the U.S.","The 14,000 pound No. 3 is the oldest surviving internal combustion engine tractor in the United States and is on display at the Smithsonian National Museum of American History in Washington D.C."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":false,"non_consecutive":true,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Hart and Parr developed a two - cylinder gasoline engine and set up their Hart - Parr Gasoline Engine Company in Charles City. The firm built fifteen `` tractors '', the first successful production - model tractor line, and the 14,000 pound No. 3 is the oldest surviving internal combustion engine tractor in the United States.","selected_sentences":["After graduating from the University of Wisconsin , Hart and Parr developed a two - cylinder gasoline engine and set up their Hart - Parr Gasoline Engine Company in Charles City in 1897 .","In 1903 the firm built fifteen `` tractors '' , the first successful production - model tractor line in the U.S.","The 14,000 pound No. 3 is the oldest surviving internal combustion engine tractor in the United States and is on display at the Smithsonian National Museum of American History in Washington D.C."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":false,"round":2,"skip":false,"non_consecutive":false}}]}
{"id":"-7702508458750578906","input":"the most common form of user interface used on pc's today is called a","passages":[{"title":"Command-line interface","text":"Today , many end users rarely , if ever , use command - line interfaces and instead rely upon graphical user interfaces and menu - driven interactions . However , many software developers , system administrators and advanced users still rely heavily on command - line interfaces to perform tasks more efficiently , configure their machine , or access programs and program features that are not available through a graphical interface . ","sentences":["Today , many end users rarely , if ever , use command - line interfaces and instead rely upon graphical user interfaces and menu - driven interactions .","However , many software developers , system administrators and advanced users still rely heavily on command - line interfaces to perform tasks more efficiently , configure their machine , or access programs and program features that are not available through a graphical interface ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The most common form of user interface used on pc's today is graphical user interfaces.","selected_sentences":["Today , many end users rarely , if ever , use command - line interfaces and instead rely upon graphical user interfaces and menu - driven interactions ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The most commonly used form of user interface in PCs today is the graphical user interface.","selected_sentences":["Today , many end users rarely , if ever , use command - line interfaces and instead rely upon graphical user interfaces and menu - driven interactions ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46954475],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"End users commonly rely upon graphical user interfaces and menu - driven interactions .","selected_sentences":["Today , many end users rarely , if ever , use command - line interfaces and instead rely upon graphical user interfaces and menu - driven interactions ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46092070],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The most common forms of user interface used on pc's today are the graphical user interface and the command - line interface.","selected_sentences":["Today , many end users rarely , if ever , use command - line interfaces and instead rely upon graphical user interfaces and menu - driven interactions ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Today, many end users on PC rely upon graphical user interfaces and menu - driven interactions.","selected_sentences":["Today , many end users rarely , if ever , use command - line interfaces and instead rely upon graphical user interfaces and menu - driven interactions ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The most common form of user interface used on pc's today is called a graphical user interface.","selected_sentences":["Today , many end users rarely , if ever , use command - line interfaces and instead rely upon graphical user interfaces and menu - driven interactions ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Today , many end users rarely , if ever , use command - line interfaces and instead rely upon graphical user interfaces and menu - driven interactions .","selected_sentences":["Today , many end users rarely , if ever , use command - line interfaces and instead rely upon graphical user interfaces and menu - driven interactions ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-7652766263809313045","input":"where did the idea of walmart come from","passages":[{"title":"History of Walmart","text":"At some point Sam Walton made the decision to achieve higher sales volumes by keeping sales prices lower than his competitors by reducing his profit margin . Inspired by the successes of other discount department store chains , Walton opened the second store in Harrison , Arkansas that year . Responsible for the purchase and maintenance of signage , Walton 's assistant , Bob Bogle , came up with the name `` Wal - Mart '' for the new chain . By 1967 , the company grew to 24 stores across the state of Arkansas , and had reached $ 12.6 million in sales , and by 1968 , the company opened its first stores outside of Arkansas in Sikeston , Missouri and Claremore , Oklahoma . ","sentences":["At some point Sam Walton made the decision to achieve higher sales volumes by keeping sales prices lower than his competitors by reducing his profit margin .","Inspired by the successes of other discount department store chains , Walton opened the second store in Harrison , Arkansas that year .","Responsible for the purchase and maintenance of signage , Walton 's assistant , Bob Bogle , came up with the name `` Wal - Mart '' for the new chain .","By 1967 , the company grew to 24 stores across the state of Arkansas , and had reached $ 12.6 million in sales , and by 1968 , the company opened its first stores outside of Arkansas in Sikeston , Missouri and Claremore , Oklahoma ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Walton 's assistant, Bob Bogle, came up with the name `` Wal - Mart '' for the new chain.","selected_sentences":["Responsible for the purchase and maintenance of signage , Walton 's assistant , Bob Bogle , came up with the name `` Wal - Mart '' for the new chain ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"At some point Sam Walton made the decision to achieve higher sales volumes by keeping sales prices lower than his competitors by reducing his profit margin . Walton 's assistant , Bob Bogle , came up with the name `` Wal - Mart '' for the new chain .","selected_sentences":["Responsible for the purchase and maintenance of signage , Walton 's assistant , Bob Bogle , came up with the name `` Wal - Mart '' for the new chain ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46092070],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Sam Walton came up with the idea of achieving higher sales volumes by keeping sales prices lower than his competitors by reducing his profit margin.","selected_sentences":["Responsible for the purchase and maintenance of signage , Walton 's assistant , Bob Bogle , came up with the name `` Wal - Mart '' for the new chain ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46954475],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Sam Walton decided to achieve higher sales volumes by keeping sales prices lower than his competitors by reducing his profit margin. Inspired by the successes of other discount department store chains , Walton opened the second store in Harrison , Arkansas. His assistant , Bob Bogle , came up with the name `` Wal - Mart '' for the new chain .","selected_sentences":["Responsible for the purchase and maintenance of signage , Walton 's assistant , Bob Bogle , came up with the name `` Wal - Mart '' for the new chain ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Sam Walton made the decision to achieve higher sales by keeping sales prices lower than his competitors and his assistant, Bob Bogle, came up with the name \"WalMart\".","selected_sentences":["Responsible for the purchase and maintenance of signage , Walton 's assistant , Bob Bogle , came up with the name `` Wal - Mart '' for the new chain ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The idea of Walmart is inspired by the successes of other discount department store chains.","selected_sentences":["Responsible for the purchase and maintenance of signage , Walton 's assistant , Bob Bogle , came up with the name `` Wal - Mart '' for the new chain ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Sam Walton made the decision to achieve higher sales volumes by keeping sales prices lower than his competitors by reducing his profit margin .\nHe was inspired by the successes of other discount department store chains and opened the second store in Harrison , Arkansas that year .\nBy 1967 , the company grew to 24 stores across the state of Arkansas , and had reached $ 12.6 million in sales , and by 1968 , the company opened its first stores outside of Arkansas in Sikeston , Missouri and Claremore , Oklahoma .","selected_sentences":["Responsible for the purchase and maintenance of signage , Walton 's assistant , Bob Bogle , came up with the name `` Wal - Mart '' for the new chain ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"8788710882010892431","input":"where do the ashes come from that they use on ash wednesday","passages":[{"title":"Ash Wednesday","text":"The Catholic Church and the Methodist Church say that the ashes should be those of palm branches blessed at the previous year 's Palm Sunday service , while a Church of England publication says they `` may be made '' from the burnt palm crosses of the previous year . These sources do not speak of adding anything to the ashes other than , for the Catholic liturgy , a sprinkling with holy water when blessing them . An Anglican website speaks of mixing the ashes with a small amount of holy water or olive oil as a fixative . ","sentences":["The Catholic Church and the Methodist Church say that the ashes should be those of palm branches blessed at the previous year 's Palm Sunday service , while a Church of England publication says they `` may be made '' from the burnt palm crosses of the previous year .","These sources do not speak of adding anything to the ashes other than , for the Catholic liturgy , a sprinkling with holy water when blessing them .","An Anglican website speaks of mixing the ashes with a small amount of holy water or olive oil as a fixative ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The ashes should be those of palm branches blessed at the previous year 's Palm Sunday service, while a Church of England publication says they `` may be made '' from the burnt palm crosses of the previous year.","selected_sentences":["The Catholic Church and the Methodist Church say that the ashes should be those of palm branches blessed at the previous year 's Palm Sunday service , while a Church of England publication says they `` may be made '' from the burnt palm crosses of the previous year ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The Catholic Church and the Methodist Church say that the ashes should be those of palm branches blessed at the previous year 's Palm Sunday service , while a Church of England publication says they `` may be made '' from the burnt palm crosses of the previous year .","selected_sentences":["The Catholic Church and the Methodist Church say that the ashes should be those of palm branches blessed at the previous year 's Palm Sunday service , while a Church of England publication says they `` may be made '' from the burnt palm crosses of the previous year ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46092070],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The Catholic Church and the Methodist Church say that the ashes should be those of palm branches blessed at the previous year's Palm Sunday service , while a Church of England publication says they ``may be made'' from the burnt palm crosses of the previous year.","selected_sentences":["The Catholic Church and the Methodist Church say that the ashes should be those of palm branches blessed at the previous year 's Palm Sunday service , while a Church of England publication says they `` may be made '' from the burnt palm crosses of the previous year ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46954475],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The Catholic Church and the Methodist Church say that the ashes should be those of palm branches blessed at the previous year 's Palm Sunday service , while a Church of England publication says they could be from the burnt palm crosses of the previous year .","selected_sentences":["The Catholic Church and the Methodist Church say that the ashes should be those of palm branches blessed at the previous year 's Palm Sunday service , while a Church of England publication says they `` may be made '' from the burnt palm crosses of the previous year ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The Catholic Church and the Methodist Church say that the ashes used for Ash Wednesday should be made from palm branches blessed at the previous year 's Palm Sunday service, while a Church of England publication says they `` may be made '' from the burnt palm crosses of the previous year .","selected_sentences":["The Catholic Church and the Methodist Church say that the ashes should be those of palm branches blessed at the previous year 's Palm Sunday service , while a Church of England publication says they `` may be made '' from the burnt palm crosses of the previous year ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The Catholic Church and the Methodist Church say that the ashes should be those of palm branches blessed at the previous year 's Palm Sunday service, while a Church of England publication says they `` may be made '' from the burnt palm crosses of the previous year.","selected_sentences":["The Catholic Church and the Methodist Church say that the ashes should be those of palm branches blessed at the previous year 's Palm Sunday service , while a Church of England publication says they `` may be made '' from the burnt palm crosses of the previous year ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The Catholic Church and the Methodist Church say that the ashes should be those of palm branches blessed at the previous year 's Palm Sunday service , while a Church of England publication says they `` may be made '' from the burnt palm crosses of the previous year.","selected_sentences":["The Catholic Church and the Methodist Church say that the ashes should be those of palm branches blessed at the previous year 's Palm Sunday service , while a Church of England publication says they `` may be made '' from the burnt palm crosses of the previous year ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-8827209331783633212","input":"price of ps3 when it first came out","passages":[{"title":"PlayStation 3","text":"The initial prototype shown in May 2005 featured two HDMI ports , three Ethernet ports and six USB ports ; however , when the system was shown again a year later at E3 2006 , these were reduced to one HDMI port , one Ethernet port and four USB ports , presumably to cut costs . Two hardware configurations were also announced for the console : a 20 GB model and a 60 GB model , priced at US $499 ( \u20ac 499 ) and US $599 ( \u20ac 599 ) , respectively . The 60 GB model was to be the only configuration to feature an HDMI port , Wi - Fi internet , flash card readers and a chrome trim with the logo in silver . Both models were announced for a simultaneous worldwide release : November 11 , 2006 , for Japan and November 17 , 2006 , for North America and Europe . ","sentences":["The initial prototype shown in May 2005 featured two HDMI ports , three Ethernet ports and six USB ports ; however , when the system was shown again a year later at E3 2006 , these were reduced to one HDMI port , one Ethernet port and four USB ports , presumably to cut costs .","Two hardware configurations were also announced for the console : a 20 GB model and a 60 GB model , priced at US $499 ( \u20ac 499 ) and US $599 ( \u20ac 599 ) , respectively .","The 60 GB model was to be the only configuration to feature an HDMI port , Wi - Fi internet , flash card readers and a chrome trim with the logo in silver .","Both models were announced for a simultaneous worldwide release : November 11 , 2006 , for Japan and November 17 , 2006 , for North America and Europe ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"PlayStation3 had two hardware configurations announced: a 20 GB model and a 60 GB model , priced at US $499 ( \u20ac 499 ) and US $599 ( \u20ac 599 ).","selected_sentences":["Two hardware configurations were also announced for the console : a 20 GB model and a 60 GB model , priced at US $499 ( \u20ac 499 ) and US $599 ( \u20ac 599 ) , respectively ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The 20 GB model was priced at US $499 ( \u20ac 499 ) and 60 GB model was priced at US $599 ( \u20ac 599 ).","selected_sentences":["Two hardware configurations were also announced for the console : a 20 GB model and a 60 GB model , priced at US $499 ( \u20ac 499 ) and US $599 ( \u20ac 599 ) , respectively ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46092070],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The PS3 came in two hardware configurations. The 20 GB model was prices at US $499 (\u20ac499) and the 60 GB model at US $599 (\u20ac599).","selected_sentences":["Two hardware configurations were also announced for the console : a 20 GB model and a 60 GB model , priced at US $499 ( \u20ac 499 ) and US $599 ( \u20ac 599 ) , respectively ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46954475],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The price of the PlayStation3 when it first came out in 2005 was $499 for the 20 GB model and $599 for the 60 GB model.","selected_sentences":["Two hardware configurations were also announced for the console : a 20 GB model and a 60 GB model , priced at US $499 ( \u20ac 499 ) and US $599 ( \u20ac 599 ) , respectively ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"NA","selected_sentences":["Two hardware configurations were also announced for the console : a 20 GB model and a 60 GB model , priced at US $499 ( \u20ac 499 ) and US $599 ( \u20ac 599 ) , respectively ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"When the PlayStation3 first came out it was priced at US $499 or US $599 depending on the model.","selected_sentences":["Two hardware configurations were also announced for the console : a 20 GB model and a 60 GB model , priced at US $499 ( \u20ac 499 ) and US $599 ( \u20ac 599 ) , respectively ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"There were two hardware configurations were  announced for the console : a 20 GB model and a 60 GB model , priced at US $499 ( \u20ac 499 ) and US $599 ( \u20ac 599 ) , respectively .","selected_sentences":["Two hardware configurations were also announced for the console : a 20 GB model and a 60 GB model , priced at US $499 ( \u20ac 499 ) and US $599 ( \u20ac 599 ) , respectively ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-6581378808316587097","input":"subsistence type of farming is practised in the following area","passages":[{"title":"Subsistence agriculture","text":"Subsistence farming continues today in large parts of rural Africa , and parts of Asia and Latin America . In 2015 , about 2 billion people ( slightly more than 25 % of the world 's population ) in 500 million households living in rural areas of developing nations survive as `` smallholder '' farmers , working less than 2 hectares ( 5 acres ) of land . Subsistence agriculture had largely disappeared in Europe by the beginning of World War I , and in North America with the movement of sharecroppers and tenant farmers out of the American South and Midwest during the 1930s and 1940s . As recently as the 1950s , it was still common on family farms in North America and Europe to grow much of a family 's own food and make much of its own clothing , although sales of some of the farm 's production earned enough currency to buy certain staples , typically including sugar ; coffee and tea ; petroleum distillates ( petrol , kerosene , fuel oil ) ; textile products such as bolts of cloth , needles , and thread ; medicines ; hardware products such as nails , screws , and wire ; and a few discretionary items such as candy or books . Many of the preceding items , as well as occasional services from physicians , veterinarians , blacksmiths , and others , were often bought with barter rather than currency . In Central and Eastern Europe subsistence and semi-subsistence agriculture reappeared within the transition economy since about 1990 . ","sentences":["Subsistence farming continues today in large parts of rural Africa , and parts of Asia and Latin America .","In 2015 , about 2 billion people ( slightly more than 25 % of the world 's population ) in 500 million households living in rural areas of developing nations survive as `` smallholder '' farmers , working less than 2 hectares ( 5 acres ) of land .","Subsistence agriculture had largely disappeared in Europe by the beginning of World War I , and in North America with the movement of sharecroppers and tenant farmers out of the American South and Midwest during the 1930s and 1940s .","As recently as the 1950s , it was still common on family farms in North America and Europe to grow much of a family 's own food and make much of its own clothing , although sales of some of the farm 's production earned enough currency to buy certain staples , typically including sugar ; coffee and tea ; petroleum distillates ( petrol , kerosene , fuel oil ) ; textile products such as bolts of cloth , needles , and thread ; medicines ; hardware products such as nails , screws , and wire ; and a few discretionary items such as candy or books .","Many of the preceding items , as well as occasional services from physicians , veterinarians , blacksmiths , and others , were often bought with barter rather than currency .","In Central and Eastern Europe subsistence and semi-subsistence agriculture reappeared within the transition economy since about 1990 ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Subsistence farming continues today in large parts of rural Africa , and parts of Asia and Latin America.","selected_sentences":["Subsistence farming continues today in large parts of rural Africa , and parts of Asia and Latin America ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Subsistence farming is present today in large parts of rural Africa, and parts of Asia and Latin America. It has also reappeared in Central and Eastern Europe within the transition economy since about 1990.","selected_sentences":["Subsistence farming continues today in large parts of rural Africa , and parts of Asia and Latin America ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46954475],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Subsistence farming is practiced in large parts of rural Africa, parts of Asia and Latin America and in Central and Eastern Europe.","selected_sentences":["Subsistence farming continues today in large parts of rural Africa , and parts of Asia and Latin America ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Large parts of rural Africa , and parts of Asia and Latin America has subsistence farming, in Central and Eastern Europe it reappeared within the transition economy of the 1990s.","selected_sentences":["Subsistence farming continues today in large parts of rural Africa , and parts of Asia and Latin America ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Subsistence farming continues today in large parts of rural Africa, and parts of Asia and Latin America.   In Central and Eastern Europe subsistence and semi-subsistence agriculture reappeared within the transition economy since about 1990.","selected_sentences":["Subsistence farming continues today in large parts of rural Africa , and parts of Asia and Latin America ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Subsistence farming continues today in large parts of rural Africa , and parts of Asia and Latin America .","selected_sentences":["Subsistence farming continues today in large parts of rural Africa , and parts of Asia and Latin America ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46092070],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Subsistence farming continues today in large parts of rural Africa , and parts of Asia and Latin America \nIn 2015 , about 2 billion people in 500 million households living in rural areas of developing nations survive as `` smallholder '' farmers , working less than 2 hectares ( 5 acres ) of land .\nIn Central and Eastern Europe subsistence and semi-subsistence agriculture reappeared within the transition economy since about 1990 .","selected_sentences":["Subsistence farming continues today in large parts of rural Africa , and parts of Asia and Latin America ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-3301882905827031751","input":"what are the three components of the fire triangle","passages":[{"title":"Fire triangle","text":"The triangle illustrates the three elements a fire needs to ignite : heat , fuel , and an oxidizing agent ( usually oxygen ) . A fire naturally occurs when the elements are present and combined in the right mixture , meaning that fire is actually an event rather than a thing . A fire can be prevented or extinguished by removing any one of the elements in the fire triangle . For example , covering a fire with a fire blanket removes the oxygen part of the triangle and can extinguish a fire . In large fires where firefighters are called in , decreasing the amount of oxygen is not usually an option because there is no effective way to make that happen in an extended area . ","sentences":["The triangle illustrates the three elements a fire needs to ignite : heat , fuel , and an oxidizing agent ( usually oxygen ) .","A fire naturally occurs when the elements are present and combined in the right mixture , meaning that fire is actually an event rather than a thing .","A fire can be prevented or extinguished by removing any one of the elements in the fire triangle .","For example , covering a fire with a fire blanket removes the oxygen part of the triangle and can extinguish a fire .","In large fires where firefighters are called in , decreasing the amount of oxygen is not usually an option because there is no effective way to make that happen in an extended area ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"the three components of the fire triangle are heat , fuel , and an oxidizing agent ( usually oxygen ).","selected_sentences":["The triangle illustrates the three elements a fire needs to ignite : heat , fuel , and an oxidizing agent ( usually oxygen ) ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Heat , fuel , and an oxidizing agent ( usually oxygen ) are the three  components of the fire triangle.","selected_sentences":["The triangle illustrates the three elements a fire needs to ignite : heat , fuel , and an oxidizing agent ( usually oxygen ) ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46092070],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The fire triangle consists of the three elements that a fire needs to ignite: heat, fuel, and an oxidizing agent (usually oxygen).","selected_sentences":["The triangle illustrates the three elements a fire needs to ignite : heat , fuel , and an oxidizing agent ( usually oxygen ) ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46954475],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The three components of the fire triangle are heat , fuel , and an oxidizing agent .","selected_sentences":["The triangle illustrates the three elements a fire needs to ignite : heat , fuel , and an oxidizing agent ( usually oxygen ) ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The fire triangle is the three elements a fire needs to ignite.  They are heat, fuel, and an oxidizing agent.","selected_sentences":["The triangle illustrates the three elements a fire needs to ignite : heat , fuel , and an oxidizing agent ( usually oxygen ) ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The three components of fire are heat, fuel and an oxidizing agent (usually oxygen).","selected_sentences":["The triangle illustrates the three elements a fire needs to ignite : heat , fuel , and an oxidizing agent ( usually oxygen ) ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The triangle illustrates the three elements a fire needs to ignite : heat , fuel , and an oxidizing agent ( usually\noxygen ).  A fire naturally occurs when the elements are present and combined in the right mixture.","selected_sentences":["The triangle illustrates the three elements a fire needs to ignite : heat , fuel , and an oxidizing agent ( usually oxygen ) ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"8392700517527763056","input":"where do you get an at hop card","passages":[{"title":"AT HOP card","text":"Cards may be `` topped - up '' or monthly passes purchased in the following ways : online , at ticket machines , at ticketing offices , and at selected retail outlets such as bookshops . Top ups may be made by credit or debit card , with the latter three mediums accepting cash payment . The card is designed to reduce the number of transactions at ticket offices and the number of paper tickets . Usage is encouraged by offering cheaper fares than the cash ticket option , although there is an initial once - only fee to purchase the card . Monthly and \/ or multiple trip travel is only available with the AT HOP card . ","sentences":["Cards may be `` topped - up '' or monthly passes purchased in the following ways : online , at ticket machines , at ticketing offices , and at selected retail outlets such as bookshops .","Top ups may be made by credit or debit card , with the latter three mediums accepting cash payment .","The card is designed to reduce the number of transactions at ticket offices and the number of paper tickets .","Usage is encouraged by offering cheaper fares than the cash ticket option , although there is an initial once - only fee to purchase the card .","Monthly and \/ or multiple trip travel is only available with the AT HOP card ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"AT HOP card can be purchased online, at ticket machines, at ticketing offices, and at selected retail outlets.","selected_sentences":["Cards may be `` topped - up '' or monthly passes purchased in the following ways : online , at ticket machines , at ticketing offices , and at selected retail outlets such as bookshops ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"NA","selected_sentences":["Cards may be `` topped - up '' or monthly passes purchased in the following ways : online , at ticket machines , at ticketing offices , and at selected retail outlets such as bookshops ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46954475],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"You can purchase a card online , at ticket machines , at ticketing offices , and at selected retail outlets such as bookshops .","selected_sentences":["Cards may be `` topped - up '' or monthly passes purchased in the following ways : online , at ticket machines , at ticketing offices , and at selected retail outlets such as bookshops ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46092070],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Topped-up and monthly passes of AT HOP cards can be purchased in the following ways : online , at ticket machines , at ticketing offices , and at selected retail outlets.","selected_sentences":["Cards may be `` topped - up '' or monthly passes purchased in the following ways : online , at ticket machines , at ticketing offices , and at selected retail outlets such as bookshops ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The AT HOP card can be purchased in the following ways: online, at ticket machines, at ticketing offices, and at selected retail outlets such as bookshops.","selected_sentences":["Cards may be `` topped - up '' or monthly passes purchased in the following ways : online , at ticket machines , at ticketing offices , and at selected retail outlets such as bookshops ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"NA","selected_sentences":["Cards may be `` topped - up '' or monthly passes purchased in the following ways : online , at ticket machines , at ticketing offices , and at selected retail outlets such as bookshops ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"NA","selected_sentences":["Cards may be `` topped - up '' or monthly passes purchased in the following ways : online , at ticket machines , at ticketing offices , and at selected retail outlets such as bookshops ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"7702074066435630197","input":"what does it mean when someone says the elephant in the room","passages":[{"title":"Elephant in the room","text":"Elephant in the room is an English - language metaphorical idiom for an obvious problem or risk that no one wants to discuss . ","sentences":["Elephant in the room is an English - language metaphorical idiom for an obvious problem or risk that no one wants to discuss ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Elephant in the room is an idiom for an obvious problem or risk that no one wants to discuss.","selected_sentences":["Elephant in the room is an English - language metaphorical idiom for an obvious problem or risk that no one wants to discuss ."],"meta":{"annotator":[47200615],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Elephant in the room is a metaphorical idiom for an obvious problem or risk that no one wants to discuss .","selected_sentences":["Elephant in the room is an English - language metaphorical idiom for an obvious problem or risk that no one wants to discuss ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46092070],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Elephant in the room is an English-language metaphorical idiom for an obvious problem or risk that no one wants to discuss.","selected_sentences":["Elephant in the room is an English - language metaphorical idiom for an obvious problem or risk that no one wants to discuss ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46954475],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Elephant in the room is an English - language metaphorical idiom, which means there's an obvious problem or risk that no one wants to discuss.","selected_sentences":["Elephant in the room is an English - language metaphorical idiom for an obvious problem or risk that no one wants to discuss ."],"meta":{"annotator":[45676624],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Elephant in the room is an English - language metaphorical idiom for an obvious problem or risk that no one wants to discuss .","selected_sentences":["Elephant in the room is an English - language metaphorical idiom for an obvious problem or risk that no one wants to discuss ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545946],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Elephant in the room is an English - language metaphorical idiom for an obvious problem or risk that no one wants to discuss.","selected_sentences":["Elephant in the room is an English - language metaphorical idiom for an obvious problem or risk that no one wants to discuss ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46373812],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Elephant in the room is an English - language metaphorical idiom for an obvious problem or risk that no one wants to discuss.","selected_sentences":["Elephant in the room is an English - language metaphorical idiom for an obvious problem or risk that no one wants to discuss ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46545976],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"4766418881317162187","input":"who sings the song story of an artist","passages":[{"title":"Daniel Johnston","text":"In 2018 , Johnston 's 1982 song `` The Story of an Artist '' was featured in a television advertisement by Apple Inc . ","sentences":["In 2018 , Johnston 's 1982 song `` The Story of an Artist '' was featured in a television advertisement by Apple Inc ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Daniel Johnston sings``The story of an artist''","selected_sentences":["In 2018 , Johnston 's 1982 song `` The Story of an Artist '' was featured in a television advertisement by Apple Inc ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46092070],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"NA","selected_sentences":["In 2018 , Johnston 's 1982 song `` The Story of an Artist '' was featured in a television advertisement by Apple Inc ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46954475],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"4371964269871290494","input":"where does rammer jammer yellow hammer come from","passages":[{"title":"University of Alabama traditions","text":"The `` Rammer Jammer Cheer '' is a traditional cheer . The lyrics originate from The Rammer - Jammer , a student magazine in the 1920s , and the yellowhammer , Alabama 's state bird . The term `` yellowhammer '' was originally used to describe Confederate soldiers from Alabama who wore bright yellow cloth on their uniforms ; when the soldiers marched into the city of Hopkinsville , Kentucky , supporters of the Confederacy cheered them with the chant `` yellowhammer , yellowhammer . '' During and after the American Civil War , the term continued to be used and Alabama became known as the `` Yellowhammer State . '' ","sentences":["The `` Rammer Jammer Cheer '' is a traditional cheer .","The lyrics originate from The Rammer - Jammer , a student magazine in the 1920s , and the yellowhammer , Alabama 's state bird .","The term `` yellowhammer '' was originally used to describe Confederate soldiers from Alabama who wore bright yellow cloth on their uniforms ; when the soldiers marched into the city of Hopkinsville , Kentucky , supporters of the Confederacy cheered them with the chant `` yellowhammer , yellowhammer . ''","During and after the American Civil War , the term continued to be used and Alabama became known as the `` Yellowhammer State . ''"]}],"output":[{"answer":"The `` Rammer Jammer Cheer '' lyrics originate from The Rammer - Jammer , a student magazine in the 1920s , and the yellowhammer , Alabama 's state bird . The term `` yellowhammer '' was originally used to describe Confederate soldiers from Alabama who wore bright yellow cloth on their uniforms ; when the soldiers marched into the city of Hopkinsville , Kentucky , supporters of the Confederacy cheered them with the chant `` yellowhammer , yellowhammer . ''","selected_sentences":[],"meta":{"annotator":[46092070],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The lyrics of this traditional cheer originate from The Rammer-Jammer, a student magazine in the 1920s, and the yellowhammer, Alabama's state bird. The chant \"yellowhammer, yellowhammer\" was originally used to cheer marching Confederate soldiers from Alabama wearing bright yellow cloth on their uniforms.","selected_sentences":[],"meta":{"annotator":[46954475],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"-1109485827985534106","input":"who does the voice of plankton from spongebob","passages":[{"title":"Mr. Lawrence","text":"Lawrence was born in East Brunswick , New Jersey . He is known for his work on the animated TV series SpongeBob SquarePants , on which he has long - running - roles as the voice of Sheldon Plankton and various recurring characters such as the Realistic Fish Head and Larry the Lobster . He physically appears as the live - action artist in `` Frankendoodle '' . ","sentences":["Lawrence was born in East Brunswick , New Jersey .","He is known for his work on the animated TV series SpongeBob SquarePants , on which he has long - running - roles as the voice of Sheldon Plankton and various recurring characters such as the Realistic Fish Head and Larry the Lobster .","He physically appears as the live - action artist in `` Frankendoodle '' ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Mr. Lawrence is known for his role as the voice  of Sheldon Plankton on SpongeBob SquarePants.","selected_sentences":["Lawrence was born in East Brunswick , New Jersey .","He is known for his work on the animated TV series SpongeBob SquarePants , on which he has long - running - roles as the voice of Sheldon Plankton and various recurring characters such as the Realistic Fish Head and Larry the Lobster ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46092070],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"Mr. Lawrence gives the voice of Plankton in SpongeBob SquarePants.","selected_sentences":["Lawrence was born in East Brunswick , New Jersey .","He is known for his work on the animated TV series SpongeBob SquarePants , on which he has long - running - roles as the voice of Sheldon Plankton and various recurring characters such as the Realistic Fish Head and Larry the Lobster ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46954475],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"6291645740453573099","input":"where does the term making out come from","passages":[{"title":"Making out","text":"The sexual connotations of the phrase `` make out '' appear to have developed in the 1930s and 1940s from the phrase 's other meanings of `` to succeed '' . Originally , it meant `` to seduce '' or `` to have sexual intercourse with '' . ","sentences":["The sexual connotations of the phrase `` make out '' appear to have developed in the 1930s and 1940s from the phrase 's other meanings of `` to succeed '' .","Originally , it meant `` to seduce '' or `` to have sexual intercourse with '' ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"The sexual connotations of the phrase `` make out '' appears to have developed in the 1930s and 1940s from the phrase 's other meanings of `` to succeed '' .","selected_sentences":["The sexual connotations of the phrase `` make out '' appear to have developed in the 1930s and 1940s from the phrase 's other meanings of `` to succeed '' ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46092070],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"It's sexual connotation was likely developed in the 1930s and 1940s, from its other meaning of \"to succeed\".","selected_sentences":["The sexual connotations of the phrase `` make out '' appear to have developed in the 1930s and 1940s from the phrase 's other meanings of `` to succeed '' ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46954475],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}}]}
{"id":"3788845239430619383","input":"where is the world's largest man made lake","passages":[{"title":"Lake Kariba","text":"Lake Kariba is the world 's largest man - made lake and reservoir by volume . It lies 1300 kilometres upstream from the Indian Ocean , along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe . Lake Kariba was filled between 1958 and 1963 following the completion of the Kariba Dam at its northeastern end , flooding the Kariba Gorge on the Zambezi River . ","sentences":["Lake Kariba is the world 's largest man - made lake and reservoir by volume .","It lies 1300 kilometres upstream from the Indian Ocean , along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe .","Lake Kariba was filled between 1958 and 1963 following the completion of the Kariba Dam at its northeastern end , flooding the Kariba Gorge on the Zambezi River ."]}],"output":[{"answer":"Lake Kariba is the world's largest man - made lake. It lies 1300 kilometres upstream from the Indian Ocean , along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe .","selected_sentences":["Lake Kariba is the world 's largest man - made lake and reservoir by volume .","It lies 1300 kilometres upstream from the Indian Ocean , along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46092070],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}},{"answer":"The world's largest man made lake by volume -- Lake Kariba -- lies 1300 kilometres upstream from the Indian Ocean, along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe.","selected_sentences":["Lake Kariba is the world 's largest man - made lake and reservoir by volume .","It lies 1300 kilometres upstream from the Indian Ocean , along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe ."],"meta":{"annotator":[46954475],"has_minimal_answer":true,"non_consecutive":false,"round":1,"skip":false}}]}