Input: when did microsoft launch its own search engine

Timeline of web search engines

Year Month and date ( if available ) Event type Event Pre-web search engine The Archie search engine , created by Alan Emtage , Bill Heelan and J. Peter Deutsch , computer science students at McGill University in Montreal , goes live . The program downloads the directory listings of all the files located on public anonymous FTP ( File Transfer Protocol ) sites , creates a searchable database of a lot of file names ; however , Archie does not index the contents of these sites since the amount of data is so limited it can be readily searched manually . 1991 Pre-web search engine The rise of Gopher ( created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota ) leads to two new search programs , Veronica and Jughead . Like Archie , they search the file names and titles stored in Gopher index systems . Veronica ( Very Easy Rodent - Oriented Net - wide Index to Computerized Archives ) provides a keyword search of most Gopher menu titles in the entire Gopher listings . Jughead ( Jonzy 's Universal Gopher Hierarchy Excavation And Display ) is a tool for obtaining menu information from specific Gopher servers . While the name of the search engine `` Archie '' was not a reference to the Archie comic book series , `` Veronica '' and `` Jughead '' are characters in the series , thus referencing their predecessor . Virtual library of the web Timothy Berners - Lee sets up the Virtual Library ( VLib ) , a loose confederation of topical experts maintaining relevant topical link lists . 1993 June First web robot Matthew Gray produces the first known web robot , the Perl - based World Wide Web Wanderer , and uses it to generate an index of the web called the Wandex . However , the World Wide Web Wanderer is intended only to measure the size of the web rather than to facilitate search . 1993 September 2 First web search engine W3Catalog , written by Oscar Nierstrasz at the University of Geneva , is released to the world . It is the world 's first web search engine . It does not rely on a crawler and indexer but rather on already existing high - quality lists of websites . One of its main drawbacks is that the bot accesses each page hundreds of times each day , causing performance degradation . 1993 October / November Second web search engine Aliweb , a web search engine created by Martijn Koster , is announced . It does not use a web robot , but instead depends on being notified by website administrators of the existence at each site of an index file in a particular format . The absence of a bot means that less bandwidth is used ; however , most website administrators are not aware of the need to submit their data . 1993 December First web search engine to use a crawler and indexer JumpStation , created by Jonathon Fletcher , is released . It is the first WWW resource - discovery tool to combine the three essential features of a web search engine ( crawling , indexing , and searching ) . 1994 January New web search engine Infoseek is launched . 1994 January Web search engine supporting natural language queries Altavista is launched . This is a first among web search engines in many ways : it has unlimited bandwidth , allows natural language queries , has search tips , and allows people to add or delete their domains in 24 hours . 1994 March New web search engine The World - Wide Web Worm is released . It is claimed to have been created in September 1993 , at which time there did not exist any crawler - based search engine , but it is not the earliest at the time of its actual release . It supports Perl - based regular expressions . 1994 April 20 New web search engine The WebCrawler search engine , created by Brian Pinkerton at the University of Washington , is released . Unlike its predecessors , it allows users to search for any word in any webpage , which has become the standard for all major search engines since . 1994 April New web directory Yahoo ! launches its web directory . Yahoo ! would not build its own web search engine until 2002 , relying until then on outsourcing the search function to other companies . 1994 July New web search engine Lycos , a web search engine , is released . It began as a research project by Michael Loren Mauldin of Carnegie Mellon University 's main Pittsburgh campus . 1995 New web directory LookSmart is released . It competes with Yahoo ! as a web directory , and the competition makes both directories more inclusive . January -- March New web search engine Larry Page and Sergey Brin begin working on BackRub , the predecessor to Google Search . The crawler begins activity in March . May New web search engine Inktomi releases its HotBot search engine . 1997 April New natural language - based web search engine Ask Jeeves , a natural language web search engine , that aims to rank links by popularity , is released . It would later become Ask.com . 1998 July -- September New web search portal MSN launches a search portal called MSN Search , using search results from Inktomi . After many changes to the backend search engine , MSN would start developing in - house search technology in 2005 , and later change its name to Bing in June 2009 . 1997 September 15 New web search engine The domain Google.com is registered . Soon , Google Search is available to the public from this domain ( around 1998 ) . 1997 September 23 New web search engine ( non-English ) Arkady Volozh and Ilya Segalovich launch their Russian web search engine yandex.ru and publicly present it at the Softool exhibition in Moscow . The initial development is by Comptek ; Yandex would become a separate company in 2000 . 1998 June 5 New web directory Gnuhoo , a web directory project by Rich Skrenta and Bob Truel , both employees of Sun Microsystems , launches . It would later be renamed the Open Directory Project . 1999 May New web search engine AlltheWeb , based on the Ph. D. thesis of Tor Egge at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology , titled FTP Search , launches . The engine is launched by Egge 's company Fast Search & Transfer , established on July 16 , 1997 . 2000 January 1 New web search portal Baidu , a Chinese company that would grow to provide many search - related services , launches . 2002 - 3 Web search business consolidation Yahoo ! buys Inktomi ( 2002 ) and then Overture Services Inc. ( 2003 ) which has already bought AlltheWeb and Altavista . Starting 2003 , Yahoo ! starts using its own Yahoo Slurp web crawler to power Yahoo ! Search . Yahoo ! Search combines the technologies of all Yahoo ! 's acquisitions ( until 2002 , Yahoo ! had been using Google to power its search ) . 2004 - 5 November ( 2004 ) - February ( 2005 ) Change in backend providers Microsoft starts using its own indexer and crawler for MSN Search rather than using blended results from LookSmart and Inktomi . December User experience Google Suggest is introduced as a Google Labs feature . 2005 January Webmaster tools To combat link spam , Google , Yahoo ! and Microsoft collectively introduce the nofollow attribute . 2005 October New web search engine Overture Services Inc. owner Bill Gross launches the Snap search engine , with many features such as display of search volumes and other information , as well as sophisticated auto - completion and related terms display . It is unable to get traction and soon goes out of business . 2006 - 2009 New human - curated web search engine Wikia launches Wikia Search , a search engine based on human curation , but then shuts it down . Relevant dates : publicly proposed December 23 , 2006 and January 31 , 2007 , private pre-alpha December 24 , 2007 , toolbar release August 2008 , shutdown March -- May 2009 . 2008 January 28 New web search engine Cuil , a web search engine created by ex-Googlers that uses picture thumbnails to display search results , launches . It would later shut down on September 17 , 2010 . 2009 July 29 Web search engine consolidation Microsoft and Yahoo ! announce that they have made a ten - year deal in which the Yahoo ! search engine would be replaced by Bing . Yahoo ! will get to keep 88 % of the revenue from all search ad sales on its site for the first five years of the deal , and have the right to sell adverts on some Microsoft sites . Yahoo ! Search will still maintain its own user interface , but will eventually feature `` Powered by Bing TM '' branding . All Yahoo ! Search global customers and partners are expected to be transitioned by early 2012 . 2009 August 10 ( announced ) , rollout completed and made live June 8 , 2010 Search algorithm update Named Caffeine , this update is announced on August 10 , 2009 . It promises faster crawling , expansion of the index , and a near - real - time integration of indexing and ranking . The rollout is made live on June 8 , 2010 . September 8 User experience Google launches Google Instant , described as a search - before - you - type feature : as users are typing , Google predicts the user 's whole search query ( using the same technology as in Google Suggest , later called the autocomplete feature ) and instantaneously shows results for the top prediction . Google claims that this is estimated to save 2 -- 5 seconds per search query . SEO commentators initially believe that this will have a major effect on search engine optimization , but soon revise downward their estimate of the impact . November 1 New web search engine Blekko , a search engine that uses slashtags to allow people to search in more targeted categories , launches . 2011 June 2 Webmaster tools Google , Yahoo ! , and Microsoft announce Schema.org , a joint initiative that supports a richer range of tags that websites can use to convey better information . 2011 February 23 -- 24 Search algorithm update Google launches Google Panda , a major update affecting 12 % of search queries . The update continues with the earlier work of cracking down on spam , content farms , scrapers , and websites with a high ad - to - content ratio . The rollout is gradual over several months , and Panda will see many further updates . 2012 January 10 Search algorithm update , user experience Google launches Search Plus Your World , a deep integration of one 's social data into search . SEO commentators are critical of how the search results favor Google+ and push it to users , compared to more widely used social networks such as Facebook and Twitter . 2012 April 24 Search algorithm update Google launches its `` Webspam update '' which would soon become known as Google Penguin . 2012 May 10 User experience Microsoft announces a redesign of its Bing search engine that includes `` Sidebar '' , a social feature that searches users ' social networks for information relevant to the search query . 2012 May 16 Search algorithm update Google starts rolling out Knowledge Graph , used by Google internally to store semantic relationships between objects . Google now begins displaying supplemental information about objects related to search queries on the side . 2013 August 21 -- 22 ( approximate date for rollout ) , September 26 ( announcement ) Search algorithm update Google releases Google Hummingbird , a core algorithm update that may enable more semantic search and more effective use of the Knowledge Graph in the future .

It is the world 's first web search engine .

January New web search engine Infoseek is launched .

March New web search engine The World - Wide Web Worm is released .

It supports Perl - based regular expressions .

July New web search engine Lycos , a web search engine , is released .

1995 New web directory LookSmart is released .

May New web search engine Inktomi releases its HotBot search engine .

1997 September 15 New web search engine The domain Google.com is registered .

1997 September 23 New web search engine ( non-English )

It would later be renamed the Open Directory Project .

December User experience Google Suggest is introduced as a Google Labs feature .

January Webmaster tools To combat link spam , Google , Yahoo !

and Microsoft collectively introduce the nofollow attribute .

It is unable to get traction and soon goes out of business .

It would later shut down on September 17 , 2010 .

2009 July 29 Web search engine consolidation Microsoft and Yahoo !

announce that they have made a ten - year deal in which the Yahoo !

search engine would be replaced by Bing .

The rollout is made live on June 8 , 2010 .

Google claims that this is estimated to save 2 -- 5 seconds per search query .

2012 January 10 Search algorithm update , user experience Google launches

Search Plus Your World , a deep integration of one 's social data into search .

August 21 -- 22 ( approximate date for rollout ) , September 26 ( announcement )


Input: when does derek and meredith get back together in season 2

Grey's Anatomy (season 2)

The season includes the first episode to be written Zoanne Clack , who would become one the series ' main writers , as well as a co-producer and executive story editor . Other writers include Kip Koenig , Blythe Robe and Elizabeth Klaviter . Executive producer Peter Horton returned to the series to direct five episodes for the season , after writing two episodes in the second season . Rob Corn directed two episodes , whereas Adam Davidson is credited for writing three episodes , his last ones in the series . Among the other directors are Wendey Stanzler , Mark Tinker , Jeff Melman , Jessica Yu , Lesli Linka Glatter , Michael Dinner , Dan Minahan , David Paymer , Julie Anne Robinson , Tricia Brock , and Seith Mann . Danny Lux continued his position as the main music composer for the series , while Herbert Davis , Tim Suhrstedt and Adam Kane served as the season 's cinematography directors . Susan Vaill and Edward Ornelas resumed their positions as editors , joined by Briana London , who left the series after nine episodes . Linda Lowy and John Brace , responsible for the casting since the beginning of the series , returned as casting team members . After the departure of Laurence Bennett , the production design team was taken over by Donald Lee Harris , with Amy B. Ancona and Brandee Dell'Aringa joining for ten episodes each .


Input: declaration of the rights of man and citizen 1789 pdf

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

Women , in particular , were strong passive citizens who played a significant role in the Revolution . Olympe de Gouges penned her Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen in 1791 and drew attention to the need for gender equality . By supporting the ideals of the French Revolution and wishing to expand them to women , she represented herself as a revolutionary citizen . Madame Roland also established herself as an influential figure throughout the Revolution . She saw women of the French Revolution as holding three roles ; `` inciting revolutionary action , formulating policy , and informing others of revolutionary events . '' By working with men , as opposed to working separate from men , she may have been able to further the fight of revolutionary women . As players in the French Revolution , women occupied a significant role in the civic sphere by forming social movements and participating in popular clubs , allowing them societal influence , despite their lack of direct political influence .


Input: how does car insurance work in the us

Vehicle insurance in the United States

Due to the sharp decline in value immediately following purchase , there is generally a period in which the amount owed on the car loan exceeds the value of the vehicle , which is called `` upside - down '' or negative equity . Thus , if the vehicle is damaged beyond economical repair at this point , the owner will still owe potentially thousands of dollars on the loan . The escalating price of cars , longer - term auto loans , and the increasing popularity of leasing gave birth to GAP protection . GAP waivers provide protection for consumers when a `` gap '' exists between the actual value of their vehicle and the amount of money owed to the bank or leasing company . In many instances , this insurance will also pay the deductible on the primary insurance policy . These policies are often offered at auto dealerships as a comparatively low cost add - on to the car loan that provides coverage for the duration of the loan . GAP Insurance does not always pay off the full loan value however . These cases include but are not limited to :


Input: what did the princess do in the breakfast club

The Breakfast Club

In 2005 , the film received the Silver Bucket of Excellence Award in honor of its 20th anniversary at the MTV Movie Awards . For the event , MTV attempted to reunite the original cast . Sheedy , Ringwald , and Hall appeared together on stage , with Kapelos in the audience ; Gleason gave the award to his former castmates . Estevez could not attend because of other commitments , and Nelson appeared earlier in the show but left before the on - stage reunion , prompting Hall to joke that the two were `` in Africa with Dave Chappelle '' . Yellowcard performed Simple Minds ' anthem for the film , `` Do n't You ( Forget About Me ) '' , at the awards . At the 82nd Academy Awards ( March 7 , 2010 ) , Sheedy , Hall , Ringwald , and Nelson all appeared in a tribute to John Hughes -- who had died a few months prior -- along with other actors who had worked with him , including Jon Cryer from Pretty in Pink , Matthew Broderick from Ferris Bueller 's Day Off , and Macaulay Culkin from Home Alone .


Input: where is the atlantic ocean located on a map

Atlantic Ocean

In the North - East Atlantic total catches decreased between the mid-1970s and the 1990s and reached 8.7 million tons in 2013 . Blue whiting reached a 2.4 million tons peak in 2004 but was down to 628,000 tons in 2013 . Recovery plans for cod , sole , and plaice have reduced mortality in these species . Arctic cod reached its lowest levels in the 1960s -- 1980s but is now recovered . Arctic saithe and haddock are considered fully fished ; Sand eel is overfished as was capelin which has now recovered to fully fished . Limited data makes the state of redfishes and deep - water species difficult to assess but most likely they remain vulnerable to overfishing . Stocks of northern shrimp and Norwegian lobster are in good condition . In the North - East Atlantic 21 % of stocks are considered overfished . Banks


Input: how did claire become ambassador in house of cards

Claire Underwood

Brian Stelter of The New York Times described her as Frank Underwood 's conniving wife and described the Underwoods as `` the scheming husband and wife at the center of ' House of Cards ' '' . She is a woman `` who will stop at nothing to conquer everything '' . Hank Stuever of The Washington Post describes her as an `` ice - queen wife '' . The Independent 's Sarah Hughes echoes this description , saying Claire is so dedicated to the couple 's schemes that it is clear she will execute them herself if Frank wavers . Following season 4 , Robin Wright stated that she felt Claire Underwood was the equal of Frank Underwood and demanded equal pay for her performance . Netflix acquiesced .


Input: who won the war between usa and japan

United States declaration of war on Japan

President Roosevelt formally requested the declaration in his Infamy Speech , addressed to a joint session of Congress and the nation at 12 : 30 p.m. on December 8 . The declaration was quickly brought to a vote ; it passed the Senate , and then passed the House at 1 : 10 p.m. The vote was 82 -- 0 in the Senate and 388 -- 1 in the House . Jeannette Rankin , a pacifist and the first woman elected to Congress ( in 1916 ) , cast the only vote against the declaration , eliciting hisses from some of her peers . Several colleagues pressed her to change her vote to make the resolution unanimous -- or at least to abstain -- but she refused . `` As a woman , I ca n't go to war , '' she said , `` and I refuse to send anyone else . '' Nine other women held Congressional seats at the time . After the vote , an angry mob followed her from the Capitol building , forcing her to take refuge in a telephone booth until United States Capitol Police could rescue her . Two days later a similar war declaration against Germany and Italy came to vote ; Rankin abstained . Nine other women voted in favor of the declaration of war .


Input: how did the middle ages change the world

Middle Ages

As Western Europe witnessed the formation of new kingdoms , the Eastern Roman Empire remained intact and experienced an economic revival that lasted into the early 7th century . There were fewer invasions of the eastern section of the empire ; most occurred in the Balkans . Peace with the Sasanian Empire , the traditional enemy of Rome , lasted throughout most of the 5th century . The Eastern Empire was marked by closer relations between the political state and Christian Church , with doctrinal matters assuming an importance in Eastern politics that they did not have in Western Europe . Legal developments included the codification of Roman law ; the first effort -- the Codex Theodosianus -- was completed in 438 . Under Emperor Justinian ( r . 527 -- 565 ) , another compilation took place -- the Corpus Juris Civilis . Justinian also oversaw the construction of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople and the reconquest of North Africa from the Vandals and Italy from the Ostrogoths , under Belisarius ( d . 565 ) . The conquest of Italy was not complete , as a deadly outbreak of plague in 542 led to the rest of Justinian 's reign concentrating on defensive measures rather than further conquests .


Input: what was one long term effect of the work of the civilian conservation corps

Civilian Conservation Corps

The CCC operated an entirely separate division for members of federally recognized tribes : the Indian Emergency Conservation Work ( IECW or CCC - ID ) . Native men from reservations worked on roads , bridges , clinics , shelters , and other public works near their reservations . Although they were organized as groups classified as camps , no permanent camps were established for Native Americans . Instead , organized groups moved with their families from project to project , and were provided with an additional rental allowance in their pay . The CCC often provided the only paid work , as many reservations were in remote rural areas . Enrollees had to be between the ages of 17 and 35 .


Input: where was the other boleyn girl 2003 filmed

The Other Boleyn Girl (2003 film)

Two years pass and Anne has had two miscarriages , and can not seem to have a son . In front of all the court , Anne demands to know which woman is the king 's mistress , even dragging Cromwell into the conversation . The king , angered at Anne 's rude behavior , drives Anne to depart the room , and her uncle follows her , berating her for her behavior . Anne demands respect , and her uncle informs her that she has many enemies now , and Anne yells at him to repent as he leaves her . Later , Thomas Cromwell suggests that the king leave court and journey to Wulfhall in Wiltshire , where the Seymour family lives . The king has a lovely time there , and spends much time with the eldest daughter of the family , Jane Seymour . Back at court , Anne searches the king 's rooms and finds an etching of her head being decapitated from her body . Shaken , she goes to find George , begging him to fetch Mary to court . Mary comes that night , and asks what is happening , and Anne tells the both of them that the court wants her dead . Mary asks Anne when she laid with the king last , and said that perhaps if she laid with another man , that Anne could get pregnant . Mary then suggests that Anne and George lay together , but not specifically , so as not to implicate herself . George tells Mary that what she suggests is the darkest thing in all the world , but Anne , on her knees , begs for George to save her . Despite his protests and Mary 's fear , the pair of them go through with it .


Input: who was letter from a birmingham jail written to

Letter from Birmingham Jail

King addressed the accusation that the Civil Rights Movement was `` extreme '' , first disputing the label but then accepting it . Compared to other movements at the time , King finds himself as a moderate . However , in his devotion to his cause , King refers to himself as an extremist . Jesus and other great reformers were extremists : `` So the question is not whether we will be extremists , but what kind of extremists we will be . Will we be extremists for hate or for love ? '' King 's discussion of extremism implicitly responded to numerous `` moderate '' objections to the ongoing movement , such as President Dwight D. Eisenhower 's claim that he could not meet with civil rights leaders because doing so would require him to meet with the Ku Klux Klan .


Input: where is the colossus of rhodes located today

Colossus of Rhodes

Construction began in 292 BC . Ancient accounts , which differ to some degree , describe the structure as being built with iron tie bars to which brass plates were fixed to form the skin . The interior of the structure , which stood on a 15 - metre ( 49 - foot ) high white marble pedestal near the Mandraki harbour entrance , was then filled with stone blocks as construction progressed . Other sources place the Colossus on a breakwater in the harbour . According to most contemporary descriptions , the statue itself was about 70 cubits , or 33 metres ( 108 feet ) tall . Much of the iron and bronze was reforged from the various weapons Demetrius 's army left behind , and the abandoned second siege tower may have been used for scaffolding around the lower levels during construction . Upper portions were built with the use of a large earthen ramp . During the building , workers would pile mounds of earth on the sides of the colossus . Upon completion all of the earth was removed and the colossus was left to stand alone . After twelve years , in 280 BC , the statue was completed . Preserved in Greek anthologies of poetry is what is believed to be the genuine dedication text for the Colossus .


Input: when is the last time the patriots lost 2 in a row

List of New England Patriots seasons

Season Team League Conference Division Regular season Postseason results Awards Head coaches Finish Won Lost Ties Boston Patriots 1960 1960 AFL -- Eastern 4th 5 9 0 Lou Saban 1961 1961 AFL -- Eastern 2nd 9 Lou Saban ( 2 -- 3 ) Mike Holovak ( 7 -- 1 -- 1 ) 1962 1962 AFL -- Eastern 2nd 9 Mike Holovak 1963 1963 AFL -- Eastern 1st 7 6 Won Divisional Playoffs ( at Bills ) 26 -- 8 Lost AFL Championship ( at Chargers ) 10 -- 51 1964 1964 AFL -- Eastern 2nd 10 Gino Cappelletti ( MVP ) 1965 1965 AFL -- Eastern 3rd 8 1966 1966 AFL -- Eastern 2nd 8 Jim Nance ( MVP ) 1967 1967 AFL -- Eastern 5th 10 1968 1968 AFL -- Eastern 4th 10 0 1969 1969 AFL -- Eastern 3rd 10 0 Clive Rush 1970 1970 NFL AFC East 5th 12 0 Clive Rush ( 1 -- 6 ) John Mazur ( 1 -- 6 ) New England Patriots 1971 1971 NFL AFC East 3rd 6 8 0 John Mazur 1972 1972 NFL AFC East 5th 11 0 John Mazur ( 2 -- 7 ) Phil Bengtson ( 1 -- 4 ) 1973 1973 NFL AFC East 3rd 5 9 0 Chuck Fairbanks NFL AFC East 3rd 7 7 0 NFL AFC East 5th 11 0 1976 1976 NFL AFC East 2nd 11 0 Lost Divisional Playoffs ( at Raiders ) 21 -- 24 Mike Haynes ( DROY ) 1977 1977 NFL AFC East 3rd 9 5 0 1978 1978 NFL AFC East 1st 11 5 0 Lost Divisional Playoffs ( Oilers ) 14 -- 31 1979 1979 NFL AFC East 2nd 9 7 0 Ron Erhardt 1980 1980 NFL AFC East 2nd 10 6 0 1981 1981 NFL AFC East 5th 14 0 1982 1982 NFL AFC 7th 5 0 Lost First Round ( at Dolphins ) 13 -- 28 Ron Meyer NFL AFC East 2nd 8 8 0 1984 1984 NFL AFC East 2nd 9 7 0 Ron Meyer ( 5 -- 3 ) Raymond Berry ( 4 -- 4 ) 1985 1985 NFL AFC East 3rd 11 5 0 Won Wild Card Playoffs ( at Jets ) 26 -- 14 Won Divisional Playoffs ( at Raiders ) 27 -- 20 Won Conference Championship ( at Dolphins ) 31 -- 14 Lost Super Bowl XX ( vs. Bears ) 10 -- 46 Raymond Berry 1986 1986 NFL AFC East 1st 11 5 0 Lost Divisional Playoffs ( at Broncos ) 17 -- 22 NFL AFC East 2nd 8 7 0 1988 1988 NFL AFC East 3rd 9 7 0 John Stephens ( OROY ) 1989 1989 NFL AFC East 4th 5 11 0 1990 1990 NFL AFC East 5th 15 0 Rod Rust 1991 1991 NFL AFC East 4th 6 10 0 Leonard Russell ( OROY ) Dick MacPherson 1992 1992 NFL AFC East 5th 14 0 1993 1993 NFL AFC East 4th 5 11 0 Bill Parcells 1994 1994 NFL AFC East 2nd 10 6 0 Lost Wild Card Playoffs ( at Browns ) 13 -- 20 Bill Parcells ( COY ) 1995 1995 NFL AFC East 4th 6 10 0 Curtis Martin ( OROY ) NFL AFC East 1st 11 5 0 Won Divisional Playoffs ( Steelers ) 28 -- 3 Won Conference Championship ( Jaguars ) 20 -- 6 Lost Super Bowl XXXI ( vs. Packers ) 21 -- 35 1997 1997 NFL AFC East 1st 10 6 0 Won Wild Card Playoffs ( Dolphins ) 17 -- 3 Lost Divisional Playoffs ( at Steelers ) 6 -- 7 Pete Carroll 1998 1998 NFL AFC East 4th 9 7 0 Lost Wild Card Playoffs ( at Jaguars ) 10 -- 25 1999 1999 NFL AFC East 5th 8 8 0 2000 2000 NFL AFC East 5th 5 11 0 Bill Belichick 2001 2001 NFL AFC East 1st 11 5 0 Won Divisional Playoffs ( Raiders ) 16 -- 13 ( OT ) Won Conference Championship ( at Steelers ) 24 -- 17 Won Super Bowl XXXVI ( 1 ) ( vs. Rams ) 20 -- 17 Tom Brady ( SB MVP ) 2002 2002 NFL AFC East 2nd 9 7 0 2003 2003 NFL AFC East 1st 14 0 Won Divisional Playoffs ( Titans ) 17 -- 14 Won Conference Championship ( Colts ) 24 -- 14 Won Super Bowl XXXVIII ( 2 ) ( vs. Panthers ) 32 -- 29 Tom Brady ( SB MVP ) Bill Belichick ( COY ) NFL AFC East 1st 14 0 Won Divisional Playoffs ( Colts ) 20 -- 3 Won Conference Championship ( at Steelers ) 41 -- 27 Won Super Bowl XXXIX ( 3 ) ( vs. Eagles ) 24 -- 21 Deion Branch ( SB MVP ) 2005 2005 NFL AFC East 1st 10 6 0 Won Wild Card Playoffs ( Jaguars ) 28 -- 3 Lost Divisional Playoffs ( at Broncos ) 13 -- 27 Tedy Bruschi ( CBPOY ) 2006 2006 NFL AFC East 1st 12 0 Won Wild Card Playoffs ( Jets ) 37 -- 16 Won Divisional Playoffs ( at Chargers ) 24 -- 21 Lost Conference Championship ( at Colts ) 34 -- 38 2007 2007 NFL AFC East 1st 16 0 0 Won Divisional Playoffs ( Jaguars ) 31 -- 20 Won Conference Championship ( Chargers ) 21 -- 12 Lost Super Bowl XLII ( vs. Giants ) 14 -- 17 Tom Brady ( MVP , OPOY ) Bill Belichick ( COY ) 2008 2008 NFL AFC East 2nd 11 5 0 Jerod Mayo ( DROY ) 2009 2009 NFL AFC East 1st 10 6 0 Lost Wild Card Playoffs ( Ravens ) 14 -- 33 Tom Brady ( CBPOY ) NFL AFC East 1st 14 0 Lost Divisional Playoffs ( Jets ) 21 -- 28 Tom Brady ( MVP , OPOY ) Bill Belichick ( COY ) 2011 2011 NFL AFC East 1st 13 0 Won Divisional Playoffs ( Broncos ) 45 -- 10 Won Conference Championship ( Ravens ) 23 -- 20 Lost Super Bowl XLVI ( vs. Giants ) 17 -- 21 2012 2012 NFL AFC East 1st 12 0 Won Divisional Playoffs ( Texans ) 41 -- 28 Lost Conference Championship ( Ravens ) 13 -- 28 2013 2013 NFL AFC East 1st 12 0 Won Divisional Playoffs ( Colts ) 43 -- 22 Lost Conference Championship ( at Broncos ) 16 -- 26 2014 2014 NFL AFC East 1st 12 0 Won Divisional Playoffs ( Ravens ) 35 -- 31 Won Conference Championship ( Colts ) 45 -- 7 Won Super Bowl XLIX ( 4 ) ( vs. Seahawks ) 28 -- 24 Rob Gronkowski ( CBPOY ) Tom Brady ( SB MVP ) 2015 2015 NFL AFC East 1st 12 0 Won Divisional Playoffs ( Chiefs ) 27 -- 20 Lost Conference Championship ( at Broncos ) 18 -- 20 2016 2016 NFL AFC East 1st 14 0 Won Divisional Playoffs ( Texans ) 34 -- 16 Won Conference Championship ( Steelers ) 36 -- 17 Won Super Bowl LI ( 5 ) ( vs. Falcons ) 34 -- 28 ( OT ) Tom Brady ( SB MVP ) 2017 2017 NFL AFC East 1st 13 0 Won Divisional Playoffs ( Titans ) 35 -- 14 Won Conference Championship ( Jaguars ) 24 -- 20 Super Bowl LII ( vs. Eagles ) Total 489 386 9 All - time regular season record ( 1960 -- 2017 ) 34 19 -- All - time postseason record ( 1960 -- 2017 ) 523 405 9 All - time regular & postseason record ( 1960 -- 2017 ) Tom


Input: when do they post new episodes of big brother

Big Brother (U.S. TV series)

The Power of Veto is a power first introduced in Big Brother 3 . During its first season , it did not allow a nominated HouseGuest to use it on themselves . The final Power of Veto that season was the Golden Power of Veto , and allowed a nominated HouseGuest to remove themself from the block . Following this , the Golden Power of Veto was used in all subsequent seasons . The Diamond Power of Veto , used in Big Brother 12 allowed one HouseGuest to remove themselves from the block , as well as choose the replacement nominee only moments before the live eviction. Power of Veto competitions differ drastically from the Head of Household competition , with PoV competitions being more skill based in nature . Competitions such as the `` Pop Goes the Veto ! '' competition , which required HouseGuest to find letter tiles and spell the longest word , have been used in numerous consecutive seasons . Competitions such as the `` Big Brother Boardwalk '' competition see HouseGuests attempting to guess how much of an item there is ; this is one of various competitions that do not require HouseGuests to compete in a physical based competition . The `` How Bad Do You Want It ? '' Power of Veto competition , first introduced in the seventh season , saw HouseGuests taking punishments in exchange for advancing in the competition . Variations of this competition have been used in numerous subsequent seasons . HouseGuests Janelle Pierzina ( S7 ) , Daniele Donato ( S8 ) , Paul Abrahamian ( S19 ) , and Kaycee Clark ( S20 ) currently hold the record for most Power of Veto wins in a single season , with five wins each . HouseGuests James Zinkand , Frank Eudy , Shane Meaney and Kaycee Clark all hold the record for most consecutive Power of Veto wins , with three each .


Input: when was the first colour video camera invented

Color motion picture film

The first practical subtractive color process was introduced by Kodak as `` Kodachrome '' , a name recycled twenty years later for a very different and far better - known product . Filter - photographed red and blue - green records were printed onto the front and back of one strip of black - and - white duplitized film . After development , the resulting silver images were bleached away and replaced with color dyes , red on one side and cyan on the other . The pairs of superimposed dye images reproduced a useful but limited range of color . Kodak 's first narrative film with the process was a short subject entitled Concerning $1000 ( 1916 ) . Though their duplitized film provided the basis for several commercialized two - color printing processes , the image origination and color - toning methods constituting Kodak 's own process were little - used .


Input: why did nasa shut down the space shuttle program

Space Shuttle retirement

Two modified Boeing 747s were used to fly the shuttles back to KSC when they landed at Edwards AFB . N911NA was retired on February 8 , 2012 and is now a parts hulk for the `` SOFIA '' 747 . Beginning in September 2014 , N911NA was loaned out to the Joe Davies Heritage Airpark , in Palmdale , CA , where it is on outdoor display next to the B - 52 . The other aircraft , N905NA was used to send Discovery , Endeavour and Enterprise to their museums and in September 2012 was found to have few parts for Sofia . It is currently a museum piece at the Johnson Space Center . NASA


Input: who fixes the defect by modifying the code

Software inspection

Author : The person who created the work product being inspected . Moderator : This is the leader of the inspection . The moderator plans the inspection and coordinates it . Reader : The person reading through the documents , one item at a time . The other inspectors then point out defects . Recorder / Scribe : The person that documents the defects that are found during the inspection . Inspector : The person that examines the work product to identify possible defects .


Input: the current chief minister of which of these pairs of straight share the same surname

List of current Indian chief ministers

In the Republic of India , a chief minister is the head of government of each of twenty - nine states and two union territories ( Delhi and Puducherry ) . According to the Constitution of India , at the state - level , the governor is de jure head , but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister . Following elections to the state legislative assembly , the governor usually invites the party ( or coalition ) with a majority of seats to form the government . The governor appoints the chief minister , whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly . Given he has the assembly 's confidence , the chief minister 's term is usually for a maximum of five years ; there are no limits to the number of terms he / she can serve .


Input: where was the boy in striped pajamas filmed

The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (film)

After the funeral of his grandmother who was killed in Berlin by an enemy bombing , Ralf tells Bruno and Gretel that Elsa , their mother , suggests that they go to live with a relative because it is not safe there . In truth , Elsa suggests this because she does not want her children living with their murderous father . Shmuel has problems of his own ; his father has gone missing after those with whom he participated in a march did not return to the camp . Bruno decides to redeem himself by helping Shmuel find his father . The next day , Bruno , who is due to leave that afternoon , dons a striped prisoners ' outfit and a cap to cover his unshaven head , and digs under the fence to join Shmuel in the search . Bruno soon discovers the true nature of the camp after seeing the many sick and weak - looking Jews , much to his shock . While searching , the boys are taken on a march with other inmates by Sonderkommandos .


Input: who is the thinker associated with state of nature

State of nature

John Rawls used what amounted to an artificial state of nature . To develop his theory of justice , Rawls places everyone in the original position . The original position is a hypothetical state of nature used as a thought experiment development to Rawls ' theory of justice . People in the original position have no society and are under a veil of ignorance that prevents them from knowing how they may benefit from society . They lack foreknowledge of their intelligence , wealth , or abilities . Rawls reasons that people in the original position would want a society where they had their basic liberties protected and where they had some economic guarantees as well . If society were to be constructed from scratch through a social agreement between individuals , these principles would be the expected basis of such an agreement . Thus , these principles should form the basis of real , modern societies since everyone should consent to them if society were organized from scratch in fair agreements .


Input: what is the most current season of grey's anatomy

Grey's Anatomy (season 14)

April crosses Bailey when she disagrees on Bailey 's treatment plan for a rabbi who came in three times for diverticulitis and only gave him antibiotics , and who is now suffering from toxic epidermal necrolysis as a side effect . As April treats the rabbi , he gives her a lesson on faith which allows her to reflect on her recent struggles . Meredith buddies up with a new transplant surgeon from the Mayo Clinic , Dr Nick Marsh , who is recovering from a recent kidney transplant of his own . After his lab results come back , Meredith rushes him to surgery to remove a blood clot and successfully saves his kidney . After calling it quits with Amelia , Owen reconnects with Teddy , who now lives in Germany . However , after the short , happy reunion , Teddy learns that just a short while ago he was still sleeping with Amelia and refuses to be his second choice .


Input: who were the 2 students that died in 13 reasons why

Soweto uprising

The association of Afrikaans with apartheid prompted black South Africans to prefer English . Even the Bantustan regimes chose English and an indigenous African language as official languages . In addition , English was gaining prominence as the language most often used in commerce and industry . The 1974 decree was intended to forcibly reverse the decline of Afrikaans among black Africans . The Afrikaner - dominated government used the clause of the 1909 Union of South Africa Act that recognised only English and Dutch ( the latter being replaced by Afrikaans in 1925 ) as official languages as the pretext to do so . While all schools had to provide instruction in both Afrikaans and English as languages , white South African students learned other subjects in their home language .


Input: what was the worst hurricane in puerto rico

Hurricane Hugo

The remnants of Hugo tracked northeastward and entered the Canadian province of Quebec . In Montreal , rainfall reached only 0.43 in ( 11 mm ) , while precipitation amounts in the province peaked at 3.73 in ( 95 mm ) . In addition to light rain , high winds were reported in the province . Winds in Montreal gusted up to 59 mph ( 95 km / h ) , leaving 13,400 homes without electricity . 7,400 residence in Verdun and West Island also lost electricity when tree fell on power lines ; it was restored about 12 hours later . While in Brossard and Chambly power was lost to 5,000 homes and 1,000 homes in Valleyfield . In addition , high winds and heavy rainfall also occurred in the St. Lawrence River Valley . New


Input: what is the meaning behind beethoven's fur elise

Für Elise

It is not certain who `` Elise '' was . Max Unger suggested that Ludwig Nohl may have transcribed the title incorrectly and the original work may have been named `` Für Therese '' , a reference to Therese Malfatti von Rohrenbach zu Dezza ( 1792 -- 1851 ) . She was a friend and student of Beethoven 's to whom he supposedly proposed in 1810 , though she turned him down to marry the Austrian nobleman and state official Wilhelm von Droßdik in 1816 . Note that the piano sonata no . 24 , dedicated to Countess Thérèse von Brunswick , is also referred to sometimes as `` für Therese '' . The Austrian musicologist Michael Lorenz has shown that Rudolf Schachner , who in 1851 inherited Therese von Droßdik 's musical scores , was the son of Babette Bredl , born out of wedlock . Babette in 1865 let Nohl copy the autograph in her possession .


Input: where did i go wrong i lost a friend meaning

How to Save a Life

Weekly charts ( edit ) Chart ( 2006 -- 07 ) Peak position Australia ( ARIA ) Austria ( Ö3 Austria Top 40 ) 46 Belgium ( Ultratop 50 Flanders ) 7 Belgium ( Ultratip Wallonia ) Canada ( Canadian Hot 100 ) 17 European Singles Chart 14 France ( SNEP ) 35 Germany ( Official German Charts ) 45 Ireland ( IRMA ) Italy Digital Singles ( FIMI ) 5 Italy Physical Singles ( FIMI ) 29 Netherlands ( Dutch Top 40 ) 20 New Zealand ( Recorded Music NZ ) 7 Norway ( VG - lista ) 10 Portugal ( Billboard ) 7 Scotland ( Official Charts Company ) 6 Slovakia ( Rádio Top 100 ) 83 Sweden ( Sverigetopplistan ) 5 Switzerland ( Schweizer Hitparade ) 28 UK Singles ( Official Charts Company ) US Billboard Hot 100 US Mainstream Top 40 ( Billboard ) US Adult Contemporary ( Billboard ) US Alternative Songs ( Billboard ) 31 US Adult Top 40 ( Billboard ) Chart ( 2012 ) Peak position UK Singles ( Official Charts Company ) 34 Chart ( 2013 ) Peak position UK Singles ( Official Charts Company ) 30 Year - end charts ( edit ) Chart ( 2006 ) Position US Billboard Hot 100 27 Chart ( 2007 ) Position Australia ( ARIA ) 18 Belgium ( Ultratop Flanders ) 40 Ireland ( IRMA ) 10 New Zealand ( Recorded Music NZ ) 38 Sweden ( Sverigetopplistan ) 93 UK Singles ( Official Charts Company ) 11 US Billboard Hot 100 24 Decade - end charts ( edit ) Chart ( 2000 - 2009 ) Position US Billboard Hot 100 58 Certifications ( edit ) Region Certification Certified units / Sales Australia ( ARIA ) Platinum 70,000 Canada ( Music Canada ) Platinum 20,000 Denmark ( IFPI Denmark ) Gold 7,500 Italy ( FIMI ) Gold 15,000 New Zealand ( RMNZ ) Gold 7,500 United Kingdom ( BPI ) Platinum 748,702 United States ( RIAA ) 4 × Platinum 4,700,000 Streaming Denmark ( IFPI Denmark ) Gold 900,000 sales figures based on certification alone shipments figures based on certification alone


Input: what are the different classification of operating system

Operating system

The key design goal of device drivers is abstraction . Every model of hardware ( even within the same class of device ) is different . Newer models also are released by manufacturers that provide more reliable or better performance and these newer models are often controlled differently . Computers and their operating systems can not be expected to know how to control every device , both now and in the future . To solve this problem , operating systems essentially dictate how every type of device should be controlled . The function of the device driver is then to translate these operating system mandated function calls into device specific calls . In theory a new device , which is controlled in a new manner , should function correctly if a suitable driver is available . This new driver ensures that the device appears to operate as usual from the operating system 's point of view .


Input: who sings going up to the spirit in the sky

Spirit in the Sky

Weekly charts ( edit ) Chart ( 1969 -- 70 ) Peak position Australia ( Kent Music Report ) Austria ( Ö3 Austria Top 40 ) Belgium ( Ultratop 50 Flanders ) Canadian RPM Top Singles Germany ( Official German Charts ) Irish Singles Chart Netherlands ( Dutch Top 40 ) Netherlands ( Single Top 100 ) Norway ( VG - lista ) Switzerland ( Schweizer Hitparade ) UK ( Official Charts Company ) US Billboard Hot 100 Year - end charts ( edit ) Chart ( 1970 ) Rank Australia Canada 19 US Billboard Hot 100 22


Input: who was the first living indian to feature one a postage stamp of india

Postage stamps and postal history of India

From 1 January 1926 all printing and overprinting of India ' postage stamps was conducted at India Security Press , Nasik . The possibility of printing postage stamps and other security items in India had been enquired into before the First World War but could not be pursued at that time . In 1922 , the feasibility of this issue was explored in England by Lt Col C.H. Willis , C.I.E. , then master of the Bombay Mint , and Mr F.D. Ascoti , I.C.S. , Controller of Printing , Stationery and Stamps . Their favourable report , followed by a successful demonstration of production techniques in Delhi in 1923 , led to the decision of the Government to establish a security press at Nashik . The responsibility of setting up the Press was entrusted to none other than the London firm of Thomas De La Rue which already had a six - decade long association with Indian stamps . The construction began in 1924 at an original estimate of Rs 271⁄2 lakhs and was completed in 1925 with additional costs of Rs 67 and 1 / 400,000 .


Input: where is the oldest redwood tree in california

General Sherman (tree)

Height above base 274.9 ft 83.8 m Circumference at ground 102.6 ft 31.3 m Maximum diameter at base 36.5 ft 11.1 m Diameter 4.50 ft ( 1.37 m ) above height point on ground 25.1 ft 7.7 m Girth Diameter 60 ft ( 18 m ) above base 17.5 ft 5.3 m Diameter 180 ft ( 55 m ) above base 14.0 ft 4.3 m Diameter of largest branch 6.8 ft 2.1 m Height of first large branch above the base 130.0 ft 39.6 m Average crown spread 106.5 ft 32.5 m Estimated bole volume 52,508 cu ft 1,487 m Estimated mass ( wet ) ( 1938 ) 2,105 short tons 1,910 t Estimated bole mass ( 1938 ) 2,472,000 lb 1,121 t


Input: which soviet leader's name should be placed in the blank

Cheka

On August 3 , a VCheKa section for combating counterrevolution , speculation and sabotage on railways was created . On August 7 , 1918 , Sovnarkom adopted a decree on the organization of the railway section at VCheKa . Combating counterrevolution , speculation , and malfeasance on railroads was passed under the jurisdiction of the railway section of VCheKa and local Cheka . In August 1918 , railway sections were formed under the Gubcheks . Formally , they were part of the non-resident sections , but in fact constituted a separate division , largely autonomous in their activities . The gubernatorial and oblast - type Chekas retained in relationship to the transportation sections only control and investigative functions .


Input: who has called prime minister primus inter pares

Primus inter pares

Primus inter pares ( Ancient Greek : Πρώτος μεταξὺ ἴσων , prōtos metaxỳ ísōn ) is a Latin phrase meaning first among equals . It is typically used as an honorary title for those who are formally equal to other members of their group but are accorded unofficial respect , traditionally owing to their seniority in office . Historically , the princeps senatus of the Roman Senate was such a figure and initially only bore the distinction that he was allowed to speak first during debate . Also , Constantine the Great was given the role of primus inter pares . However , the term is also often used ironically or self - deprecatingly by leaders with much higher status as a form of respect , camaraderie , or propaganda . After the fall of the Republic , Roman emperors initially referred to themselves only as princeps despite having power of life and death over their `` fellow citizens '' . Various modern figures such as the Chair of the Federal Reserve , the prime minister of parliamentary regimes , the Federal President of Switzerland , the Chief Justice of the United States , and the Ecumenical Patriarch of the Eastern Orthodox Church fall under both senses : bearing higher status and various additional powers while remaining still merely equal to their peers in important senses .


Input: what were the two major complaints about the new deal

Criticism of Franklin D. Roosevelt

Garraty suggested that there were some `` striking '' similarities between Roosevelt 's programs and German anti-depression policies , but concluded that the New Deal did not have much in common with fascism in total because of the vast political differences between the two systems . Roosevelt expanded political participation for the less fortunate and Garraty stated that the main reason for the similarities was that both nations were dealing with problems that were unique in the industrial world . Garraty stated that the New Deal lacked any consistent ideological base . While the Brains Trust got a lot of attention , theorists never had much impact on Roosevelt who drew on populism , with its hostility to bankers and its willingness to inflate the currency ; Theodore Roosevelt 's New Nationalism in its dislike of competition and deemphasis on antitrust laws ; and the ideas of social workers from the Progressive Era . Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis influenced Roosevelt on financial reforms . The War Labor Board from World War I influenced Roosevelt 's labor policy .


Input: what is the highest level in martial arts

Red belt (martial arts)

A Red Belt is one of several colored belts used in some martial arts where each practitioner 's level is marked by the color of the belt , these are most commonly those of Kodokan style Judo origin . Like the more commonly known Black Belt , its use varies between arts , with most using it for the style founder , Grandmaster or other high rank , while others use it as the immediately pre-black belt rank or even to denote a beginner who holds no rank . In some schools , a red belt signifies ninth or tenth degree Dan rank , where the tenth degree is the highest rank attainable . In karate , even though grandmasters and non-black belts ( according to whatever system ) may both wear a `` red belt '' , the difference is obvious . Not only is there a clear difference in age , but the respective belts are different , as well : Dan rank belts are broader , with kyu ( pre-black belt ) rank belts normally having a width of 4 centimeters and dan rank belts having a width of 5 centimeters . Also , the grandmaster 's red belt is usually darker in color and embroidered with the person 's name and style ( as customary for dan rank belts ) .


Input: where is seine river located on a map

Seine

This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in French . ( July 2014 ) Click ( show ) for important translation instructions . ( show ) View a machine - translated version of the French article . Google 's machine translation is a useful starting point for translations , but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate , rather than simply copy - pasting machine - translated text into the English Wikipedia . Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low - quality . If possible , verify the text with references provided in the foreign - language article . You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation . A model attribution edit summary ( using German ) : Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at ( ( : de : Exact name of German article ) ) ; see its history for attribution . You should also add the template ( ( Translated fr Seine ) ) to the talk page . For more guidance , see Wikipedia : Translation .


Input: when was the first 12 gauge shotgun made

Shotgun

The shot pellets from a shotgun spread upon leaving the barrel , and the power of the burning charge is divided among the pellets , which means that the energy of any one ball of shot is fairly low . In a hunting context , this makes shotguns useful primarily for hunting birds and other small game . However , in a military or law enforcement context , the large number of projectiles makes the shotgun useful as a close quarters combat weapon or a defensive weapon . Militants or insurgents may use shotguns in asymmetric engagements , as shotguns are commonly owned civilian weapons in many countries . Shotguns are also used for target shooting sports such as skeet , trap , and sporting clays . These involve shooting clay disks , known as clay pigeons , thrown in various ways .


Input: where did brad keselowski start in the race today

Brad Keselowski

On Wednesday , April 17 , 2013 , NASCAR announced penalties related to the rear - housing infraction discovered in Keselowski and Logano 's cars prior to the NRA 500 : Keselowski 's crew chief Paul Wolfe , car chief Jerry Kelley , team engineer Brian Wilson and Penske competition director Travis Geisler were all suspended for the next six races , including the non-points Sprint All - star Race . Wolfe was also fined $100,000 and Keselowski was docked 25 driver points . Identical penalties were also handed down to all of the people in the same positions on Logano 's team . Penske Racing released a statement saying the organization planned to appeal the penalties , but on May 1 , the NASCAR Appeals Panel unanimously upheld the penalties . Team owner Roger Penske said he would further appeal the ruling to NASCAR Chief Appellate Officer John Middlebrook . 2014


Input: why did tall guy car reviews go to prison

George Takei

Takei is both a Buddhist and an avid Anglophile . On his personal website he had this to say : `` Those who know me know that I am an inconvertible Anglophile -- or more broadly , a Britanophile , which includes my affection for Scotland and Wales as well . I love things British . My car is British . My wardrobe , to a good extent , is British . I even love the food in London -- I think British food has shaken its prevailing perception as indigestible and become quite wonderful . I try to get to Britain for holidays as often as I can . I love things British . '' Takei


Input: where does the phrase lightning in a bottle come from

Lightning in a Bottle

In 2004 , the event 's co-founders and producers , who now called themselves The Do LaB , hosted Lightning in a Bottle at Gold Creek Ranch in the Angeles National Forest . After a one - year hiatus , they revived the festival in July 2006 at Live Oak Camp in Santa Barbara , California , and returned each May thereafter through 2008 . However , after this eighth festival The Do LaB decided to relocate Lightning in a Bottle to accommodate the increasing attendance . Another one - year hiatus passed , and in 2010 they brought the festival to Oak Canyon Ranch in Silverado , California . In 2013 , the event was moved to Lake Skinner in Winchester , California . For the first time , the event has been relocated outside of Southern California , with the 2014 festival taking place at San Antonio Reservoir Recreation Area in Bradley . in the following years of 2015 and 2016 , the attendees returned to San Antonio Reservoir Recreation Area in Bradley , California . At the 2017 event , twenty - year - old Baylee Gatlin died while attending the festival .


Input: what is this area of a letterform called

Letterform

The history of letterforms is discussed in fields of study relating to materials used in writing . Epigraphy includes the study of letterforms carved in stone or other permanent materials . Paleography is the study of writing in ancient and medieval manuscripts . Calligraphy treats the letterforms of decorative writing , usually in ink . Typography includes the arrangement of letterforms designed for metal print or computer . More broadly letterforms may be discussed wherever letters appear stylistically -- in graffiti for example .


Input: how to find moment generating function of normal distribution

Moment-generating function

M S n ( t ) = M X 1 ( a 1 t ) M X 2 ( a 2 t ) ⋯ M X n ( a n t ) . ( \ displaystyle M_ ( S_ ( n ) ) ( t ) = M_ ( X_ ( 1 ) ) ( a_ ( 1 ) t ) M_ ( X_ ( 2 ) ) ( a_ ( 2 ) t ) \ cdots M_ ( X_ ( n ) ) ( a_ ( n ) t ) \ , . )


Input: who decides what kind of work a citizen may or may not do

Citizenship

The civic - republican or sometimes classical or civic humanist conception of citizenship emphasizes man 's political nature , and sees citizenship as an active process , not a passive state or legal marker . It is relatively more concerned that government will interfere with popular places to practice citizenship in the public sphere . Citizenship means being active in government affairs . According to one view , most people today live as citizens according to the liberal - individualist conception but wished they lived more according to the civic - republican ideal . An ideal citizen is one who exhibits `` good civic behavior '' . Free citizens and a republic government are `` mutually interrelated . '' Citizenship suggested a commitment to `` duty and civic virtue '' .


Input: who made the quote with great power comes great responsibility

Uncle Ben

In an alternate reality shown in Friendly Neighborhood Spider - Man , an alternate reality was witnessed where May died in a random accident , prompting Peter to go into show business with Ben as his agent to make money . Peter 's focus on his career prompts him to eventually leave home , simply paying Ben a percentage out of respect for their old relationship rather than any actual concern . This Ben was eventually ' derailed ' into the 616 reality by the Hobgoblin of 2211 as part of her plan against the Spider - Men of various eras , leaving him shocked when he witnessed his destroyed house and the still - living May Parker . Confronting her , he ended up in a fight with Jarvis , with whom she at the time has a relationship with , but wandered away in confusion . Lacking direction , Ben wandered into an alleyway where he encountered a shadowy figure who offered him a gun , telling Ben that any action he takes would simply create another universe where he took the opposite action , so he might as well do what felt good . After this Hobgoblin was erased from history by a Retcon Bomb of her own invention , the Spider - Man of 2211 met with what he presumed to be the same Ben Parker to take him back to his own timeline . In a surprise twist , deciding he rather wanted to `` stick around for a while '' , this Ben Parker shoots this future Spider - Man . At the same time , another Ben Parker was shown dead in the alley , meaning one Ben Parker had killed the other and taken his place .


Input: describe the differences between batesian and mullerian mimicry

Batesian mimicry

In imperfect Batesian mimicry , the mimics do not exactly resemble their models . Many reasons have been suggested for this . Imperfect mimics may simply be evolving towards perfection . They may gain advantage from resembling multiple models at once . Humans may evaluate mimics differently from actual predators . Mimics may confuse predators by resembling both model and nonmimic at the same time ( satiric mimicry ) . Kin selection may enforce poor mimicry . The selective advantage of better mimicry may not outweigh the advantages of other strategies like thermoregulation or camouflage . Only certain traits may be required to deceive predators ; for example , tests on the sympatry / allopatry border ( where the two are in the same area , and where they are not ) of the mimic Lampropeltis elapsoides and the model Micrurus fulvius showed that color proportions in these snakes were important in deceiving predators , but that the order of the colored rings was not .


Input: what kinds of life forms were dominant during the precambrian era

Precambrian

Neoproterozoic : The youngest geologic era of the Proterozoic Eon , from the Cambrian Period lower boundary ( 541 Ma ) back to 1000 Ma . The Neoproterozoic corresponds to Precambrian Z rocks of older North American geology . Ediacaran : The youngest geologic period within the Neoproterozoic Era . The `` 2012 Geologic Time Scale '' dates it from 541 to 635 Ma . In this period the Ediacaran fauna appeared . Cryogenian : The middle period in the Neoproterozoic Era : 635 - 720 Ma . Tonian : the earliest period of the Neoproterozoic Era : 720 - 1000 Ma .


Input: what color is a turkey's beak and feet

Wild turkey

At the beginning of the 20th century the range and numbers of wild turkeys had decreased due to hunting and loss of habitat . Game managers estimate that the entire population of wild turkeys in the United States was as low as 30,000 by the late 1930s . By the 1940s , it was almost totally extirpated from Canada and had become localized in pockets in the United States , in the north - east effectively restricted to the Appalachians , only as far north as central Pennsylvania . Game officials made efforts to protect and encourage the breeding of the surviving wild population , and some trapped birds were relocated to new areas , including some in the western states where it was not native . There is evidence that the bird does well when near farmland , which provides grain and also berry - bearing shrubs at its edges . As wild turkey numbers rebounded , hunting became legal in 49 U.S. states ( excluding Alaska ) . In 1973 , the total U.S. population was estimated to be 1.3 million , and current estimates place the entire wild turkey population at 7 million individuals . In recent years , `` trap and transfer '' projects have reintroduced wild turkeys to several provinces of Canada as well , sometimes from across the border in the United States .


Input: where are antigen a and antigen b located

Antigen-presenting cell

T cells must be activated by interacting with a professional APC presenting an antigen which their T cell receptor recognizes before they can divide and perform their function . The APC involved in activating T cells is usually a dendritic cell . T cells can not recognize and therefore can not respond to , ' free ' or soluble antigens . They can only recognize and respond to antigen that has been processed and presented by cells via carrier molecules like MHC molecules . Helper T cells can recognize exogenous antigen presented on MHC class II ; cytotoxic T cells can recognize endogenous antigen presented on MHC class I. Most cells in the body can present antigen to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells via MHC class I ; however , the term `` antigen - presenting cell '' is often used specifically to describe professional APCs . Such cells express MHC class I and MHC class II molecules and can stimulate CD4+ helper T cells as well as cytotoxic T cells .


Input: what is the plot of the invisible man

The Invisible Man

A mysterious man , Griffin , arrives at the local inn of the English village of Iping , West Sussex , during a snowstorm . The stranger wears a long - sleeved , thick coat and gloves ; his face is hidden entirely by bandages except for a fake pink nose ; and he wears a wide - brimmed hat . He is excessively reclusive , irascible , and unfriendly . He demands to be left alone and spends most of his time in his rooms working with a set of chemicals and laboratory apparatus , only venturing out at night . While Griffin is staying at the inn , hundreds of strange glass bottles ( that he calls his luggage ) arrive . Many local townspeople believe this to be very strange . He becomes the talk of the village with many theorizing as to his origins .


Input: when did it become common to have electricity

History of electric power transmission

The concept that is the basis of modern transmission using inexpensive step up and step down transformers was first implemented by Westinghouse , William Stanley , Jr. and Franklin Leonard Pope in 1886 in Great Barrington , Massachusetts , resorting also to European technology . In 1888 Westinghouse also licensed Nikola Tesla 's induction motor patent giving AC a much needed usable motor . This system was developed into the modern 3 - phase system by Mikhail Dolivo - Dobrovolsky and Allgemeine Elektricitäts - Gesellschaft and Charles Eugene Lancelot Brown in Europe , starting in 1889 . The simplicity of polyphase generators and motors meant that besides their efficiency they could be manufactured cheaply , compactly and would require little attention to maintain . Simple economics would drive the expensive , bulky and mechanically complex DC dynamos to their ultimate extinction . As it turned out , the deciding factor in the War of Currents was the availability of low cost step up and step down transformers that meant that all customers regardless of their specialized voltage requirements could be served at minimal cost of conversion . This `` universal system '' is today regarded as one of the most influential innovations for the use of electricity .


Input: how many set of paired gradient are present in clinical mr scanner

Physics of magnetic resonance imaging

Using the k - space formalism , a number of seemingly complex ideas became simple . For example , it becomes very easy to understand the role of phase encoding ( the so - called spin - warp method ) . In a standard spin echo or gradient echo scan , where the readout ( or view ) gradient is constant ( e.g. , G ) , a single line of k - space is scanned per RF excitation . When the phase encoding gradient is zero , the line scanned is the k axis . When a non-zero phase - encoding pulse is added in between the RF excitation and the commencement of the readout gradient , this line moves up or down in k - space , i.e. , we scan the line k = constant .


Input: which religion became the counterpart to persian political and cultural universalism

Ryukyuan religion

The kijimunaa ( or bunagaya ) is one of the most famous of Okinawa 's magical creatures . A sprite ( Japanese yōsei ) , the kijimunaa resembles a short young boy and features bright red hair . They look somewhat like a Troll doll . Some say that only children or the pure of heart can see the kijimunaa . They may or may not be seen accompanied by fire . They live in the tops of Okinawa 's gajumaru ( ガジュマル , `` banyan '' ) trees ; they are especially famous in the Yomitan area , where their images can be seen in many places . Kijimunaa are known for playing harmless pranks . Kijimunaa can also be helpful , but they are quick to change their minds . They enjoy fishing and eating fish . The only thing they fear is the octopus . Belief in kijimunaa is representative of the spiritual power of trees in the Ryukyu belief system .


Input: name the type of climate prevailing over india

Climate of India

The Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research has reported that , if the predictions relating to global warming made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change come to fruition , climate - related factors could cause India 's GDP to decline by up to 9 % . Contributing to this would be shifting growing seasons for major crops such as rice , production of which could fall by 40 % . Around seven million people are projected to be displaced due to , among other factors , submersion of parts of Mumbai and Chennai if global temperatures were to rise by a mere 2 ° C ( 3.6 ° F ) . Such shifts are not new . Earlier in the Holocene epoch ( 4,800 -- 6,300 years ago ) , parts of what is now the Thar Desert were wet enough to support perennial lakes ; researchers have proposed that this was due to much higher winter precipitation , which coincided with stronger monsoons . Kashmir 's erstwhile subtropical climate dramatically cooled 2.6 -- 3.7 Ma and experienced prolonged cold spells starting 600,000 years ago .


Input: how do the incas first react to the arrival of the spanish

Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire

Spanish colonial campaigns Canary Islands ( 1402 -- 96 ) Guinea ( 1478 ) Morocco ( 1497 ) Orán ( 1509 ) Bugia ( 1510 ) Tripoli ( 1510 ) Djerba ( 1510 ) Algeria ( 1516 ) Algeria ( 1517 -- 18 ) Djerba ( 1520 ) Mexico ( 1519 -- 1821 ) Mexico ( 1519 -- 21 ) Chiapas ( 1523 -- 1695 ) Guatemala ( 1524 -- 1697 ) Petén ( 1618 -- 97 ) El Salvador ( 1524 - 39 ) Honduras ( 1524 -- 39 ) Yucatán ( 1527 -- 1697 ) Algeria ( 1529 ) Peru ( 1531 -- 72 ) Tunisia ( 1534 ) Tunisia ( 1535 ) Chile ( 1536 -- 1810 ) Colombia ( 1537 - 1540 ) Algeria ( 1541 ) Tunisia ( 1550 ) Libya ( 1551 ) Algeria ( 1555 ) Algeria ( 1556 ) Algeria ( 1558 ) Tunisia ( 1560 ) Algeria ( 1563 ) Philippines ( 1565 -- 1900 ) Philippines ( 1567 -- 1872 ) Tunisia ( 1574 ) Puerto Rico ( 1595 ) Cuba ( 1596 ) Puerto Rico ( 1598 ) Morocco ( 1614 ) Formosa ( 1626 ) St. Kitts ( 1629 ) Philippines ( 1646 ) Hispaniola ( 1655 ) Jamaica ( 1655 ) Canary Islands ( 1657 ) Jamaica ( 1657 ) Jamaica ( 1658 ) North America ( 1702 -- 13 ) Chiloé ( 1712 ) Bahamas ( 1720 ) Banda Oriental ( 1735 -- 37 ) North America ( 1739 -- 48 ) Sacramento ( 1762 -- 63 ) Cuba ( 1762 ) Nicaragua ( 1762 ) Philippines ( 1762 ) Sacramento ( 1776 -- 77 ) North America ( 1779 -- 83 ) Americas ( 1796 -- 1808 ) Río de la Plata ( 1806 -- 07 ) Ecuador ( 1809 ) Peru ( 1811 -- 24 ) Bolivia ( 1809 -- 25 ) Florida ( 1810 ) Paraguay ( 1810 -- 11 ) Argentina ( 1810 -- 18 ) Mexico ( 1810 -- 21 ) Chile ( 1810 -- 26 ) El Salvador ( 1811 ) Uruguay ( 1811 ) Venezuela ( 1811 -- 23 ) Colombia ( 1815 -- 16 ) Colombia ( 1819 -- 20 ) Ecuador ( 1820 -- 22 ) Mexico ( 1821 -- 29 ) Balanguingui ( 1848 ) Cochinchina ( 1858 -- 62 ) Morocco ( 1859 -- 60 ) Dominican Republic ( 1863 -- 65 ) Chile / Peru ( 1864 -- 66 ) Cuba ( 1868 -- 78 ) Cuba ( 1879 -- 80 ) Cuba ( 1895 -- 98 ) Philippines ( 1896 -- 98 ) Puerto Rico ( 1898 ) Guam ( 1898 ) Morocco ( 1920 -- 26 ) Morocco ( 1957 -- 58 ) Illustration


Input: who is the first going to the moon

Moon landing

ISRO , the Indian National Space agency , is planning a second version of Chandrayaan named Chandrayaan 2 . According to former ISRO Chairman G. Madhavan Nair , `` The Indian Space Research Organisation ( ISRO ) hopes to land two rovers -- one Indian and another Russian -- on the Moon in 2018 , as a part of its second Chandrayaan mission . The rover will be designed to move on wheels on the lunar surface , pick up samples of soil or rocks , do on - site chemical analysis and send the data to the mother - spacecraft Chandrayaan II , which will be orbiting above . Chandrayaan II will transmit the data to Earth . '' The payloads have already been finalized . ISRO has mentioned that due to weight restrictions it will not be carrying any overseas payloads on this mission . The lander , named Vikram , is projected to weigh 1,250 kg , and the entire spacecraft will be launched by the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle .


Input: what is the top of a kitchen cabinet called

Kitchen cabinet

Door Mounting . For both face - frame and frameless kitchen cabinets , it is conventional for cabinet doors to overlay the cabinet carcase . Face - frame cabinets allow for various door mounting options . Traditional overlay doors do not abut , allowing a partial view of the face frames when the doors are closed . Full overlay cabinet doors fit closely so that they obscure the face frame when closed . A third and less conventional option for face - frame cabinets is to inset doors into , and flush with , the face frame ( see below ) . Since frameless ( see below ) cabinet doors also fully overlay their carcases , the two types ( frameless and full - overlay face - frame cabinets ) have a similar installed appearance ( when doors are closed ) , both may use European cup hinges , and both tend to use decorative door and drawer pulls ( since there is no room for fingers at the door or drawer edge when installed ) . Space - utilization . Since typical face - frames are 1 ⁄ inches ( 38 mm ) wide and frameless side panels ⁄ inch ( 19 mm ) , access to the cabinet interior is 1 ⁄ inches ( 38 mm ) wider for a typical frameless cabinet relative to a face - frame cabinet . A 12 - inch - wide ( 300 mm ) cabinet accommodates a 10 - inch - wide ( 250 mm ) drawer in frameless construction or a 8 ⁄ - inch - wide ( 220 mm ) drawer in framed construction . The 1 ⁄ - inch ( 38 mm ) difference is most significant for narrower face - frame cabinets . Hence , the nomenclature `` full - access . '' Custom ( higher - cost ) face - frame cabinets , which use one 1 ⁄ - inch ( 38 mm ) stile to frame two cabinet openings , can also accommodate wider drawers comparable to frameless cabinets . Frameless wall - oven cabinetry further saves 3 inches ( 76 mm ) of wall space as compared to the same wall - oven installed in a face - frame cabinet , Many , if not most , contemporary ovens ( and other cabinet - front - mounted major appliances ) have been designed with the space - utilization advantage of frameless cabinets installation in mind . The oven is dimensioned , and thermally insulated , to fit within an industry - standard external width ( e.g. , 27 or 30 inches ( 690 or 760 mm ) ) cabinet cavity , less two standard ⁄ - inch ( 19 mm ) cabinet side - wall thicknesses while providing for a small space between the oven box and the internal cabinet wall . In ovens , the bezel is sized to fit the full external cavity width and overlay the cabinet side wall . Such an installation avoids any unused lateral space around the oven . ( While , hypothetically , ovens can be installed similarly in face - frame cabinets , such an installation may requires cutting away all but ⁄ inch ( 19 mm ) of each 1 ⁄ - inch ( 38 mm ) face - frame -- specifically not recommended by vendors as it may weaken the joint between side - wall and face - frame -- and buttressing face - frame cabinet side walls accordingly . ) Wood options . Frameless cabinets , which exhibit a modern appearance in keeping with the design movement of `` minimalism , '' are typically constructed of particle board , which features a high degree of dimensional stability , adherence to dimensional standards , absence of warping , uniformity , and a lower cost than solid wood and is very strong . Accordingly , the so - called European hinge includes a 35 - mm - diameter cup press - fit to a bored recess particularly well - suited to particle board construction . By virtue of the 35 - mm `` European '' cup design , European hinges avoided reliance on screws as a primary mechanism holding the cabinet door to the hinge . Nearly all non-custom framed and frameless cabinetry now use this 35 - mm cup design . Plywood and / or solid wood can also be used in frameless cabinet construction , generally at a higher cost . Hinge design features . Those European hinges intended for use with frameless cabinets afford a quick - release mechanism enabling a door to be removed and replaced without the use of tools . Such hinges typically afford six - way ( three - axis ) positional adjustment by screwdriver for door alignment . Some accommodate complex motions to avoid interfering with interior cabinet components while fully overlaying the carcases ( e.g. , permitting the full - interior - cabinet - width dimensions for pull - out trays ) . Scissors - type articulating hinges support wide - angle non-interfering adjacent doors . Inset door face - frame cabinetry . A special , and unconventional , category of framed cabinets is represented by those with inset doors . An inset - mounted cabinet door is fitted to the frame in the same way as a typical room door is fitted to the doorway ; such doors fit into a frame when closed . ( Full - size doors do not simply cover the opening between rooms or at an entrance to a building . ) Inset doors require more precise alignment of each door to the containing frame . Further , this alignment must be maintained with use . Upon opening or closing , inset doors are gently braked by the air cushion trapped between the door and frame . This desirable feature is one hallmark of high - quality inset door construction . Frameless or full - overlay face - frame construction can superficially resemble inset construction when doors are designed to fit closely within a cavity formed by surrounding doors , drawers , and / or an adjacent counter top .


Input: where was the declaration of independence written at

United States Declaration of Independence

A vote was taken after a long day of speeches , each colony casting a single vote , as always . The delegation for each colony numbered from two to seven members , and each delegation voted amongst themselves to determine the colony 's vote . Pennsylvania and South Carolina voted against declaring independence . The New York delegation abstained , lacking permission to vote for independence . Delaware cast no vote because the delegation was split between Thomas McKean ( who voted yes ) and George Read ( who voted no ) . The remaining nine delegations voted in favor of independence , which meant that the resolution had been approved by the committee of the whole . The next step was for the resolution to be voted upon by Congress itself . Edward Rutledge of South Carolina was opposed to Lee 's resolution but desirous of unanimity , and he moved that the vote be postponed until the following day . ``


Input: when does american grit season 3 come on

American Grit

The Team Challenge has the members releasing triangle - shaped puzzle pieces that must be placed on stakes to spell out the words love , money , or power . If the winning team spells love , they win a visit from their families , while spelling money wins the team $1,000 each , and spelling power gives the team the ability to move members around . Team Chloe wins by spelling out love , and they earn a visit from their families . Chloe chooses Carla , Herman , and Melanie for the Elimination Challenge . In this challenge , there is an hourglass filled with sand which will slowly drain out . The competitors must repeatedly cross a balance beam and refill the sand using either a small bag or a larger bucket with holes in it . They also have one bucket of sand near the hourglass for a single use . The contestant whose hourglass drains out first is eliminated . Eventually , Melanie 's hourglass empties and she is sent home .


Input: what is the last season of family guy

Family Guy (season 16)

No . overall No. in season Title Directed by Written by Original air date Prod . code U.S. viewers ( millions ) 290 `` Emmy - Winning Episode '' James Purdum Dominic Bianchi Peter Shin Aaron Lee October 1 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 01 ) FACX06 2.80 Peter goes out of his way to earn an Emmy win after getting fed up with not being nominated . He tries to make Family Guy more like several Emmy - nominated television shows , including Modern Family and Transparent . 291 `` Foxx in the Men House '' Brian Iles Andrew Goldberg October 8 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 08 ) EACX20 3.05 After being wobbly - legged upon sitting on the toilet in the girls ' bathroom and hitting his head on the counter , Peter meets a paramedic named Stryker Foxx ( voiced by Chris Diamantopoulos ) , who tended to his injury . He later dumps Quagmire , Cleveland and Joe as friends , due to his friendship with Stryker giving him inflated self - esteem . Later on , Peter comes to realize he does not have the strength to do the physical activities that Stryker wants to do . 292 `` Nanny Goats '' Steve Robertson Tom Devanney October 15 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 15 ) FACX02 2.54 Lois ' mother , Barbara , hires a nanny for the Griffin family when she gets displeased with recent living arrangements for the kids . This enables Peter and Lois to reconnect with their love . 293 `` Follow the Money '' Mike Kim Kevin Biggins October 22 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 22 ) EACX15 2.69 Chris receives a misprinted but extremely valuable dollar for his birthday from Carter , but loses it . They then go on an adventure to find it . 294 5 `` Three Directors '' Joe Vaux Travis Bowe November 5 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 05 ) EACX18 2.31 The story of Peter 's firing from the Pawtucket Brewery , as told in the directorial styles of Quentin Tarantino , Wes Anderson , and Michael Bay . 295 6 `` The D in Apartment 23 '' Julius Wu Artie Johann November 12 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 12 ) FACX03 3.11 After Brian posts a tweet on Twitter involving Baywatch and Ride Along 3 that is deemed racist , it goes viral and the Griffins become social pariahs , prompting them to kick Brian out of the house and into an apartment run by Lou Spinazola . 296 7 `` Petey IV '' Mike Kim Anthony Blasucci November 19 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 19 ) FACX04 2.08 Vladimir Putin visits Quahog after Peter writes an email to him about the ending to a Russian bootleg version of Rocky IV . Meanwhile , in light of moving out , Brian gets a job at a suicide hotline center to obtain some money to pay the rent to Lou Spinazola , where he falls for his co-worker , Martha ( voiced by Kristen Bell ) . 297 8 `` Crimes and Meg 's Demeanor '' Greg Colton Mike Desilets December 3 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 03 ) FACX05 2.59 Meg takes up drinking at a high school party , which brings out her more outgoing and loosened side , both concerning and delighting Peter . Meanwhile , while recovering from a leg injury following the incident in the last episode , Brian suspects that Principal Shepherd has murdered his wife and enlists Stewie to help him out . 298 9 `` Do n't Be a Dickens at Christmas '' Jerry Langford Danny Smith December 10 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 10 ) FACX07 2.98 In a play on Charles Dickens ' A Christmas Carol , Peter takes a journey around Quahog with the ghost of Patrick Swayze ( voiced by Don Swayze ) after he loses his Christmas spirit . 299 10 `` Boy ( Dog ) Meets Girl ( Dog ) '' Brian Iles Steve Callaghan January 7 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 07 ) FACX09 3.40 After Brian falls in love with Ellie ( voiced by Amanda Seyfried ) , a female show dog , he enters a dog show competition , where the winner will get to breed with her . Meanwhile , Peter and Lois attempt to convince Chris that `` Arthur Valentine '' is not real . 300 11 `` Dog Bites Bear '' John Holmquist Cherry Chevapravatdumrong January 14 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 14 ) FACX01 4.10 Brian and Stewie 's friendship is put to the test after Brian mutilates Stewie 's teddy bear , Rupert . Meanwhile , Peter meets his favorite cereal mascot , Boo Berry , and refuses to wash his right hand after shaking it with him . 301 12 `` Send in Stewie , Please '' Joe Vaux Gary Janetti March 18 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 18 ) FACX10 2.24 When Stewie gets sent to see his school 's child psychologist Dr. Cecil Pritchfield ( voiced by Ian McKellen ) for a surprising session , he reveals major secrets about himself . Note : This episode premiered on Fox without commercial interruption due to a sponsorship agreement with Sony Interactive Entertainment for their PlayStation 4 game , God of War , who was the sole advertiser at the end of the episode . 302 13 `` V Is for Mystery '' Joseph Lee David A. Goodman March 25 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 25 ) FACX08 1.91 In a parody of Sherlock Holmes , the episode depicts Sherlock Holmes ( portrayed by Stewie ) and Dr. Watson ( portrayed by Brian ) as they embark on solving a string of murder mysteries . 303 14 `` Veteran Guy '' John Holmquist Patrick Meighan April 1 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 01 ) FACX11 2.05 Peter pretends to be a veteran after buying a cap with the name USS Nathan James on it , along with Joe and Cleveland , annoying Quagmire ( who is a veteran ) . After they are caught , they are forced to join the Coast Guard where they end up in a life - or - death situation . 304 15 `` The Woof of Wall Street '' Steve Robertson Alex Carter April 8 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 08 ) FACX12 1.93 Stewie teaches Brian how to invest in the stock market , but a gruesome product Brian likes could result in his death . Meanwhile , Peter , Joe , Cleveland , and Quagmire look after the Drunken Clam while Jerome is away . 305 16 `` Family Guy Through the Years '' Julius Wu Chris Sheridan April 22 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 22 ) FACX13 2.00 Family Guy is reimagined as a series that has been on the air for 60 years , and in a special retrospective , it looks back at the cultural events and issues that were tackled on the show in the 1950s , ' 60s and ' 70s . 306 17 `` Switch the Flip '' Mike Kim Kevin Biggins April 29 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 29 ) FACX14 2.26 Stewie uses one of his inventions to swap bodies with Brian in order to fix his life , but this plan backfires as chaos quickly ensues around Quahog . 307 18 `` HTTPete '' Greg Colton Damien Fahey May 6 , 2018 ( 2018 - 05 - 06 ) FACX15 1.92 In order to promote the brewery , Peter adopts the millennial lifestyle . This attracts a high - powered Silicon Valley executive attention . 308 19 `` The Unkindest Cut '' Jerry Langford Mark Hentemann May 13 , 2018 ( 2018 - 05 - 13 ) FACX16 2.15 After Quagmire 's most treasured body part is bitten off in a shark attack , he must learn to live without it . Meanwhile , Stewie and Brian try to search the country for Mort after they discover he has left town , due to being involved in a drug scam . 309 20 `` Are You There God ? It 's Me , Peter '' Joseph Lee Travis Bowe May 20 , 2018 ( 2018 - 05 - 20 ) FACX17 1.83 When Peter falls into a coma and gets the opportunity to have a conversation with God , he interrogates the deity with some tough questions .


Input: where is the nba all-star game going to be played

2018 NBA All-Star Game

^ INJ1 DeMarcus Cousins was unable to play due to an Achilles injury . ^ REP1 Paul George was selected as DeMarcus Cousins ' replacement . ^ INJ2 John Wall was unable to participate due to a knee injury . ^ REP2 Andre Drummond was selected as John Wall 's replacement . ^ INJ3 Kevin Love was unable to participate due to a hand injury . ^ REP3 Goran Dragić was selected as Kevin Love 's replacement . ^ INJ4 Kristaps Porziņģis was unable to participate due to a torn ACL . ^ REP4 Kemba Walker was named as Kristaps Porziņģis ' replacement . ^ ST Russell Westbrook was selected to start in place of Cousins .


Input: a decrease in magnetic field strength is link to what

Magnetic domain

The reason a piece of magnetic material such as iron spontaneously divides into separate domains , rather than exist in a state with magnetization in the same direction throughout the material , is to minimize its internal energy . A large region of ferromagnetic material with a constant magnetization throughout will create a large magnetic field extending into the space outside itself ( diagram a , right ) . This requires a lot of magnetostatic energy stored in the field . To reduce this energy , the sample can split into two domains , with the magnetization in opposite directions in each domain ( diagram b right ) . The magnetic field lines pass in loops in opposite directions through each domain , reducing the field outside the material . To reduce the field energy further , each of these domains can split also , resulting in smaller parallel domains with magnetization in alternating directions , with smaller amounts of field outside the material .


Input: the conventional level of reasoning judgement of right or wrong is based on

Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development

In Stage six ( universal ethical principles driven ) , moral reasoning is based on abstract reasoning using universal ethical principles . Laws are valid only insofar as they are grounded in justice , and a commitment to justice carries with it an obligation to disobey unjust laws . Legal rights are unnecessary , as social contracts are not essential for deontic moral action . Decisions are not reached hypothetically in a conditional way but rather categorically in an absolute way , as in the philosophy of Immanuel Kant . This involves an individual imagining what they would do in another 's shoes , if they believed what that other person imagines to be true . The resulting consensus is the action taken . In this way action is never a means but always an end in itself ; the individual acts because it is right , and not because it avoids punishment , is in their best interest , expected , legal , or previously agreed upon . Although Kohlberg insisted that stage six exists , he found it difficult to identify individuals who consistently operated at that level . Touro College Researcher Arthur P. Sullivan helped support the accuracy of Kohlberg 's first five stages through data analysis , but could not provide statistical evidence for the existence of Kohlberg 's sixth stage . Therefore , it is difficult to define / recognize as a concrete stage in moral development .


Input: what is the dimension of velocity of sound

Speed of sound

The effect from impurities can be significant when making high - precision measurements . Chemical desiccants can be used to dry the air , but will in turn contaminate the sample . The air can be dried cryogenically , but this has the effect of removing the carbon dioxide as well ; therefore many high - precision measurements are performed with air free of carbon dioxide rather than with natural air . A 2002 review found that a 1963 measurement by Smith and Harlow using a cylindrical resonator gave `` the most probable value of the standard speed of sound to date . '' The experiment was done with air from which the carbon dioxide had been removed , but the result was then corrected for this effect so as to be applicable to real air . The experiments were done at 30 ° C but corrected for temperature in order to report them at 0 ° C. The result was 331.45 ± 0.01 m / s for dry air at STP , for frequencies from 93 Hz to 1,500 Hz .


Input: why is the liturgical colour of advent purple

Liturgical colours

Ember days Rogation days Vigil of St. Andrew Vigil of St. Thomas Vigil of Christmas Holy Innocents ( when this falls on a weekday ) Purification ( Blessing of Candles and Procession ) Vigil of St. Matthias ( in leap years only ) Septuagesima , Sexagesima , and Quinquagesima Palm Sunday ( Blessing of Palms , Procession , Mass ) Holy Saturday ( pre-Mass blessings and rites ) Vigil of Pentecost ( pre-Mass blessings and rites ) Vigil of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist Vigil of St. James Vigil of the Assumption Vigil of Sts . Simon and Jude Vigil of All Saints All Souls ( during the Forty Hours ' Devotion only ) Sacrament of Baptism ( Introductory rites and Exorcism )


Input: where is kenyatta avenue located in nairobi kenya

Nairobi

Nairobi 's tallest skyscrapers Pinnacle Towers 274 m ( 899 ft ) UAP Tower 163 m ( 535 ft ) Times Tower 140 m ( 460 ft ) Teleposta Towers 120 m ( 390 ft ) Kenyatta International Conference Centre 105 m ( 344 ft ) NSSF Building 103 m ( 338 ft ) I&M Bank Tower 100 m ( 330 ft ) Nyayo House 84 m ( 276 ft ) Cooperative Bank House 83 m ( 272 ft ) National Bank House 82 m ( 269 ft ) Hazina Towers 81 m ( 266 ft ) Rahimtulla Tower 80 m ( 260 ft )


Input: where was it's always sunny in philadelphia filmed

It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia

The theme song is a piece of production music called `` Temptation Sensation '' by German composer Heinz Kiessling . Additionally , Kiessling 's work ( `` On Your Bike '' and `` Blue Blood '' ) can also be heard during various scene transitions throughout the show , along with other composers and pieces such as Werner Tautz ( `` Off Broadway '' ) , Joe Brook ( `` Moonbeam Kiss '' ) and Karl Grell ( `` Honey Bunch '' ) . Many of the tracks heard in the series have been taken from Cafe Romantique , an album of easy listening production music collected by Extreme Music , the production music library unit of Sony / ATV Music Publishing . Independent record label Fervor Records has also contributed music to the show . Songs from The Jack Gray Orchestra 's album , Easy Listening Symph - O - Nette ( `` Take A Letter Miss Jones '' , `` Golly Gee Whiz '' , and `` Not a Care in the World '' ) and the John Costello III release Giants of Jazz ( `` Birdcage '' , `` Cotton Club '' and `` Quintessential '' ) are heard in several episodes . The soundtrack , featuring most of the music heard on the show , was released in 2010 .


Input: where do most of the avocados come from

Avocado

Indoors , an avocado tree is usually grown from the pit of an avocado fruit . This is often done by removing the pit from a ripe , unrefrigerated avocado fruit . The pit is then stabbed with three or four toothpicks , about one - third of the way up from the flat end . The pit is placed in a jar or vase containing tepid water . It should split in four to six weeks and yield roots and a sprout . If there is no change by this time , the avocado pit is discarded . Once the stem has grown a few inches , it is placed in a pot with soil . It should be watered every few days . Avocados have been known to grow large , so owners must be ready to re-pot the plant several times .


Input: when does hurricane season officially end in florida

Atlantic hurricane season

Year Map Number of tropical storms Number of hurricanes Number of major hurricanes Deaths Damage USD Strongest storm Major landfall hurricanes Notes 1930 8,000 $50 million `` Dominican Republic '' Dominican Republic Hurricane of 1930 ( cat 4 ) The fifth deadliest hurricane on record 1931 13 2,502 $7.5 million `` Belize '' Belize Hurricane of 1931 ( cat 4 ) 1932 15 6 3,315 $37 million `` Cuba '' Freeport Texas Hurricane of 1932 ( cat 4 ) Great Bahamas Hurricane of 1932 ( cat 5 ) Hurricane San Ciprián of 1932 ( cat 4 ) Great Cuba Hurricane of 1932 ( cat 5 ) Two Category 5 hurricanes ; one in November ( the latest such on record ) ; four major hurricanes made landfall 1933 20 11 6 651 $86.6 million `` Tampico '' Chesapeake -- Potomac Hurricane of 1933 ( cat 4 ) Great Cuba - Brownsville Hurricane of 1933 ( cat 5 ) Treasure Coast Hurricane of 1933 ( cat 4 ) Outer Banks Hurricane of 1933 ( cat 4 ) Tampico Yucatán Hurricane of 1933 ( cat 5 ) Second most active season on record following very active 1932 season . Two Category 5 hurricanes . Five major hurricanes made landfall 1934 13 7 2,017 $4.26 million Thirteen 1935 8 5 2,604 $12.5 million `` Labor Day '' Great Labor Day Hurricane of 1935 ( cat 5 ) Cuba Hurricane of 1935 ( cat 4 ) The Labor Day hurricane is most intense landfalling tropical cyclone in the Atlantic known to date 1936 17 7 5 $1.23 million Thirteen Very active season with no major landfalling hurricanes 1937 11 0 Unknown Six 1938 9 ~ 700 $290.3 million `` New England '' Long Island Express Hurricane ( cat 5 ) Earliest starting season on record ( January 3 ) . Long Island express made landfall as a fast moving category 3 . 1939 6 5 Unknown Five


Input: where is volcano erupting in hawaii on map

Kīlauea

The summits of the five volcanoes of Hawaii are revered as sacred mountains . Hawaiians associated elements of their natural environment with particular deities . In Hawaiian mythology , the sky father Wākea marries the earth mother Papa , giving birth to the Hawaiian Islands . Kīlauea itself means `` spewing '' or `` much spreading '' in Hawaiian , referencing its high state of activity , and in Hawaiian mythology Kīlauea is the body of the deity Pele , goddess of fire , lightning , wind , and volcanoes . It is here that the conflict between Pele and the rain god Kamapua ʻa was centered ; Halema ʻumaʻu , `` House of the ʻamaʻumaʻu fern '' , derives its name from the struggle between the two gods . Kamapua ʻa , hard - pressed by Pele 's ability to make lava spout from the ground at will , covered the feature , a favorite residence of the goddess , with fern fronds . Choked by trapped smoke , Pele emerged . Realizing that each could threaten the other with destruction , the other gods called a draw and divided the island between them , with Kamapua ʻa getting the moist windward northeastern side , and Pele directing the drier Kona ( or leeward ) side . The rusty singed appearance of the young fronds of the ʻamaʻumaʻu is said to be a product of the legendary struggle .


Input: where is one radian on the unit circle

Radian

π 3 rad = π 3 ⋅ 180 ∘ π = 60 ∘ ( \ displaystyle ( \ frac ( \ pi ) ( 3 ) ) ( \ text ( rad ) ) = ( \ frac ( \ pi ) ( 3 ) ) \ cdot ( \ frac ( 180 ^ ( \ circ ) ) ( \ pi ) ) = 60 ^ ( \ circ ) )


Input: what are the reasons for partition of india

Partition of India

Train to Pakistan being given an honour - guard send - off . New Delhi railway station , 1947 Rural Sikhs in a long oxcart train headed towards India . 1947 . Two Muslim men ( in a rural refugee train headed towards Pakistan ) carrying an old woman in a makeshift doli or palanquin. 1947 . A refugee train on its way to Punjab , Pakistan


Input: when do you add citric acid to wine

Acids in wine

Acetic acid is a two - carbon organic acid produced in wine during or after the fermentation period . It is the most volatile of the primary acids associated with wine and is responsible for the sour taste of vinegar . During fermentation , activity by yeast cells naturally produces a small amount of acetic acid . If the wine is exposed to oxygen , Acetobacter bacteria will convert the ethanol into acetic acid . This process is known as the `` acetification '' of wine and is the primary process behind wine degradation into vinegar . An excessive amount of acetic acid is also considered a wine fault . A taster 's sensitivity to acetic acid will vary , but most people can detect excessive amounts at around 600 mg / l .