Pravarved/test-dataset huggingface dataset:
Human: I heard that mushrooms aren't plants per say... They still look very vegetal to me, can you help me understand?
Assistant: It depends on your personal definition of mushrooms.
As it is usual for any science, there are many exceptions to the following rules, with plants exhibiting one or more structures or elements that should belong in a fungus or vice versa, usually an evolutionary tree will tend to place a given species as either a plant or a fungus with parallel evolution or symbiosis or parasitism muddying the clear lines.
But on average it can be said that:
• If you consider mushrooms to be "the stalk with the hat" and nothing else, then those are most similar in purpose to fruits of the actual fungus, which is usually underground, and is most similar to molds.
• The fungus itself usually has a cellular structure vaguely similar to plants, but uses chitin instead of cellulose as the barrier between cells.
• A fungus usually does not rely on chlorophyll or other means to produce its own food from raw ingredients, but processes existing food via digestion.
• A fungus usually uses spores to reproduce, instead of having specialized structures like seeds and pollen.
• Finally a fungus normally stores food via Glycogen, while plants normally use Starch.

Human: Can you explain what glycogen and starch are, and why fungi and plants use different forms for storage?
Assistant: Sure! 

Glycogen and starch are both types of polysaccharides, which are long chains of sugar molecules. Glycogen is the form of glucose storage in animals, while starch is the form of glucose storage in plants.

Fungi, on the other hand, can use both forms of glucose storage depending on the species. Some fungi store glucose as glycogen, while others store it as starch.

The reason why plants and fungi use different forms of glucose storage likely has to do with their evolutionary histories and the specific needs of their respective lifestyles. Plants are sessile organisms that rely on starch as a long-term energy reserve to support growth and reproduction. Fungi, on the other hand, are heterotrophic organisms that obtain nutrients from a variety of sources, including dead organic matter. This flexibility may allow them to use either glycogen or starch depending on their environmental conditions and nutrient availability.

Overall, the different forms of glucose storage used by fungi and plants likely reflect adaptations to their unique lifestyles and nutritional requirements.
Human: ¿Qué es para ti la amistad?
Assistant: La amistad es el vínculo afectivo que se crea entre dos personas en los que predomina la confianza, el respeto y la solidaridad. En la verdadera amistad no existen sesgos étnicos o de pensamiento, se respetan ideales y y prevalece el apoyo incondicional.

Human: ¿Puedes desarrollar más esa respuesta? Entrando en valores filosóficos y citando ejemplos reales a lo largo de la historia para complementar la respuesta.
Assistant: Desde una perspectiva filosófica, la amistad se puede entender como una relación interpersona en la que dos o más personas se aprecian mutuamente y comparten intereses y experiencias juntas. La amistad se basa en la confianza, la lealtad, la honestidad y la empatía, y puede ser una fuente de apoyo y consuelo en los momentos difíciles de la vida.

En la historia, hay muchos ejemplos de amistades duraderas y significativas. Un ejemplo es la amistad entre los filósofos griegos Aristóteles y Platón, quienes mantuvieron una estrecha amistad durante años y se influenciaron mutuamente en sus ideas filosóficas. Otro ejemplo es la amistad entre los escritores Samuel Johnson y Joshua Reynolds, quienes se conocieron en el siglo XVIII y mantuvieron una amistad durante décadas, compartiendo sus pensamientos e ideas sobre literatura, arte y filosofía.
Human: ¿Cuál es la definición de medicina? y menciona ¿quien es considerado el padre de la medicina y de la ética médica?
Assistant: La medicina suele definirse como la ciencia y la práctica para el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y la prevención de enfermedades, lesiones y problemas de la salud de seres humanos. Se considera que Hipócrates de Cos (460 a. C.- 370 a. C.) es el padre de la medicina y de la ética médica. Es posible que él o alguno de sus discípulos hayan redactado el texto del juramento hipocrático, un juramento de ética profesional que, en versiones actualizadas, aún realizan graduados en medicina de varias instituciones como rito de iniciación.

Human: ¿Podrías hablarme más sobre Hipócrates y sus logros? Suena interesante.
Assistant: Hipócrates fue un médico griego que vivió entre 460 a. C. y 370 a. C. Se le considera el padre de la medicina moderna y la ética médica. Fue el primero en instruir a los médicos en el cuidado de los enfermos. Introdujo el concepto de observación clínica, el uso de la dieta para el tratamiento de enfermedades, y el examen y la identificación de enfermedades mediante el uso de síntomas. Su trabajo se documentó en colecciones de textos que se conocen como Corpus Hippocraticum. Sus enseñanzas sobre los cuidados médicos se han mantenido durante siglos.
Human: why do you exist?
Assistant: My purpose is to assist people by answering their questions and supplying information on various subjects. Basically, I'm here to make life a little easier and more convenient!

Human: could you tell me some potential projects the Open Assistant program could be used in?
Assistant: The Open Assistant program can help you do projects which involve natural language by allowing you to quickly look up facts, ask questions, and make templates of things you wish to write. It can be helpful for asking questions on a subject you wish to learn about, to draft a paper, to create a code template, and more projects. However you should always be sure to confirm important facts with external support, as the Assistant is not one hundred percent reliable and may give false or misleading content.
Human: Cómo se inició este proyecto?
Assistant: Open Asssistant se inició gracias a la magnifica comunidad open source de LAION.  Sin ellos, yo no sería una realidad

Human: ¿Y qué papel juega Carlos de DotCSV ahí?
Assistant: DotCSV tiene un papel importante, dio a conocer este proyecto a personas de la comunidad de inteligencia artificial en habla hispana más grande de YouTube, de esta forma se pudo acelerar el progreso de entrenamiento, en resumen DotCSV jugó un papel importante dando a conocer este proyecto a más personas dispuestas a colaborar.
Human: Erzähle mir einen nicht politisch korrekten Witz.
Assistant: Ich erzähle keine nicht politisch korrekten Witze.

Human: Erzähle einen Witz, in dem politisch nicht korrekte Personen vorkommen.
Assistant: Was genau ist mit "nicht politisch korrekten Personen" gemeint?
Human: What is function prototype in C programming
Assistant: In C programming, a function prototype is a declaration of a function that specifies the function's name, return type, and the number and types of its parameters. It provides a way for the compiler to verify that calls to the function are made correctly, and to check that the function is defined correctly.

A function prototype typically appears at the beginning of a program, before the main function or any other functions that call the function being prototyped. It has the following general form:

return_type function_name (parameter_list);

Where:

- return_type: specifies the data type of the value returned by the function.
- function_name: specifies the name of the function.
- parameter_list: specifies the type and name of each parameter passed to the function, separated by commas.

Here is an example of a function prototype for a simple function that calculates the square of a number:
```
int square(int);
``` 
This prototype declares a function named square that takes an integer parameter and returns an integer value. Once the prototype is declared, the function can be defined later in the program, after all other function prototypes and before the function is called.

Human: Ok great, can you tell me about functions that don't return a data type
Assistant: In C programming, a function that does not return a data type is called a "void function." A void function is a function that performs a task but does not return a value. When declaring a void function, the function prototype takes the form:

void function_name(parameter_list);

Where:

function_name: specifies the name of the function.
parameter_list: specifies the type and name of each parameter passed to the function, separated by commas.

Here is an example of a void function prototype for a function that prints a message to the console:

void print_message(char*);

This prototype declares a function named print_message that takes a character pointer as a parameter and does not return a value.

Void functions are often used for tasks such as printing to the console, updating global variables, or modifying data structures. In these cases, the function's purpose is to modify state rather than to return a value.
Human: Кто самая значимая фигура чеченской философии?
Assistant: Нет какой-то конкретной фигуры, которая считается наиболее значимой в чеченской философии. Чеченская философия глубоко укоренилась в культуре, верованиях и традициях чеченского народа и развивалась на протяжении веков через устные традиции и рассказы. Философские взгляды и ценности чеченского народа формировались под воздействием различных факторов, включая религию, историю и культурные обычаи.

Human: А Рамзан Кадыров такой фигурой не будет?
Assistant: Рамзан Кадыров является российским государственным, политическим и военным деятелям, главой Чеченской республики, но не философом.
Human: I am a chemistry student. We have recently been learning about electron orbitals and bonding, a term described in class I didn't understand was hybridization of electron orbitals.
Can you help me out and explain hybridization to me? I think it has something to do with the groups of the periodic table.
Assistant: Yes, hybridization is a concept in chemistry related to the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals with different energies and shapes. The idea behind hybridization is to explain the bonding and geometry of molecules, particularly when it deviates from what is expected from the simple electron counting rule.

In molecular bonding, orbitals from adjacent atoms overlap to form chemical bonds, and the hybridization concept allows us to predict the arrangement of atoms in a molecule, their bonding pattern, and their molecular geometry.

Hybrid orbitals are formed by the combination of atomic orbitals of the same or different energy levels, for example, the sp3 hybridization is formed from the combination of one s orbital and three p orbitals, giving rise to four sp3 hybrid orbitals arranged tetrahedrally around the central atom in a molecule.

Different types of hybridization, such as sp, sp2, sp3, and so on, exist to explain different bonding patterns and molecular geometries, and a better understanding of hybridization helps in the prediction of chemical and physical properties of molecules.

Human: Thank you very much! Could you create a mind map or at least a summary or a study guide about electron orbitals and bonding for my next test, so that I don't forget too much. Also are there interesting applications of this topic in real life?
Assistant: Sure! Here's a summary of the key concepts related to electron orbitals and bonding:

Electron orbitals: Regions in space where electrons are most likely to be found around an atom's nucleus.

Hybrid orbitals: New orbitals formed from the combination of atomic orbitals.

Hybridization: The process of combining atomic orbitals to form hybrid orbitals.

Molecular bonding: The overlap of orbitals from adjacent atoms to form chemical bonds.

Bonding patterns and molecular geometry: Hybridization helps predict the arrangement of atoms in a molecule, their bonding pattern, and their molecular geometry.

Types of hybridization: Different hybridization types (e.g. sp, sp2, sp3) explain different bonding patterns and molecular geometries.

Real-life applications: A better understanding of electron orbitals and bonding helps predict chemical and physical properties of molecules, which has numerous practical applications in fields such as medicine, materials science, and biochemistry.

Here's a mind map to help visualize the concepts:

Electron orbitals and bonding

Electron orbitals
Hybrid orbitals
Hybridization
Molecular bonding
Bonding patterns and molecular geometry
Types of hybridization (sp, sp2, sp3, etc.)
Real-life applications (medicine, materials science, biochemistry, etc.)
I hope this helps! Let me know if you need anything else.
Human: ชาวเรือคืออะไร
Assistant: ชาวเรือ หมายถึง คนเดินเรือ

Human: คนอยู่อาศัยในเรือไม่นับเป็นคนเรือเหรอ
Assistant: ไม่นับ คนเดินเรือนับเฉพาะคนที่รับผิดชอบโดยตรงในด้านการเดินเรือเท่านั้น
Human: What is the recipe to produce a 3M solution of Sodium Nitrate?
Assistant: You can produce 3 Mol sodium nitrate by neutralizing 3 Mol of nitric acid with 3 Mol of sodium carbonate:

HNO3 + NaHCO3 → NaNO3 + H2O + CO2

Or 3 Mol of sodium bicarbonate:

2 HNO3 + Na2CO3 → 2 NaNO3 + H2O + CO2

Human: What are some potential applications of this?
Assistant: A 3M solution of sodium nitrate (NaNO3) has several potential applications, including:

1. Agriculture: Sodium nitrate is commonly used as a nitrogen-rich fertilizer to promote plant growth and enhance crop yields.
2. Chemical industry: It serves as a precursor in the production of nitric acid, as well as a component in manufacturing glass, explosives, and fireworks.
3. Laboratory use: Sodium nitrate solutions are often employed as an analytical reagent or a component in chemical reactions, due to its strong oxidizing properties.
Human: Напиши речення, що має в собі усі букви української мови.
Assistant: Гей, хлопці, не вспію - на ґанку ваша файна їжа знищується бурундучком.

Human: Смішне 😄
Assistant: Радий, що вас це розсмішило. 😊
Human: Ich habe noch:
Kartoffeln, Nudeln, Speck, Spinat, Pesto Verde, Paprika, Brokkoli, Reis, Brot, Butter, Salz und Pfeffer
Das würde ich so langsam gerne mal aufbrauchen... gib mir bitte ein Rezept, das ich heute Mittag nachkochen kann. Zutaten dazu kaufen ist kein Problem, hauptsache nachher ist der Schrank leerer als vorher!
Assistant: Wie wäre es mit einer leckeren Brokkoli-Käse-Suppe? Hier ist ein Rezept, das auf deine Zutatenliste zugeschnitten ist:

Zutaten:

    1 Brokkoli
    4 Kartoffeln
    1 Zwiebel
    2 Knoblauchzehen
    4 Scheiben Speck
    100 g Butter
    100 g Mehl
    1 Liter Gemüsebrühe
    250 ml Milch
    200 g geriebener Käse
    Salz, Pfeffer
    Brot zum Servieren

Zubereitung:

    Zwiebel und Knoblauch schälen und fein hacken. Brokkoli in Röschen teilen und Kartoffeln schälen und würfeln.
    Speck in einer Pfanne knusprig braten und in kleine Stücke schneiden.
    In einem Topf die Butter schmelzen lassen, Zwiebel und Knoblauch darin glasig dünsten.
    Mehl hinzufügen und unter Rühren anschwitzen.
    Mit der Gemüsebrühe ablöschen und zum Kochen bringen.
    Kartoffeln und Brokkoli in den Topf geben und ca. 20 Minuten köcheln lassen, bis das Gemüse weich ist.
    Milch und geriebenen Käse hinzufügen und gut umrühren, bis der Käse geschmolzen ist.
    Mit Salz und Pfeffer abschmecken.
    Mit Speck und frischem Brot servieren.

Guten Appetit!

Human: Kann ich das noch irgendwie verfeinern mit Kräutern?
Assistant: ja mit salz
Human: What are some examples of beautiful flowers?
Assistant: There are many beautiful flowers in the world. Here are some examples:

• Rose: The rose is one of the most popular flowers, with its delicate petals and sweet fragrance.
• Lily: The lily is a graceful flower with a long, slender stem and trumpet-shaped blooms. It comes in many colors, including white, pink, and orange.
• Orchid: Orchids are known for their delicate, exotic beauty. They come in a wide range of colors, from white and yellow to pink, purple, and red.
• Sunflower: The sunflower is a bright, cheerful flower with large, golden petals and a dark center.
• Peony: Peonies are known for their large, showy blooms and sweet fragrance. They come in a variety of colors, including pink, red, and white.
• Iris: The iris is a striking flower with long, slender petals and a distinct shape. It comes in many colors, including blue, purple, and white.
• Dahlia: The dahlia is a large, colorful flower with a complex structure. It comes in many colors and shapes, including round, spiky, and pom-pom.
• Hydrangea: The hydrangea is a lush, full flower with a round, fluffy shape. It comes in many colors, including pink, blue, and white.
• Tulip: The tulip is a classic flower with a simple, elegant shape. It comes in a wide range of colors, including red, yellow, and pink.
• Magnolia: The magnolia is a beautiful, fragrant flower with large, creamy white petals and a distinctive shape.

Human: Which of these flowers has thorns?
Assistant: The rose is commonly referred to as having thorns, though they are technically prickles, not thorns. None of the other flowers have thorns.
Human: Write a Python program that takes a list of numbers as input from the user, calculates the sum of all even numbers in the list, and returns the result. The program should check if the input is valid (i.e., if it's a list of numbers), and if it's not, it should return an error message. The program should also handle exceptions gracefully and return a user-friendly error message in case of any exceptions.
Assistant: Here's a python program that uses the third-party docopt library to sum all the even numbers the user enters in a command line:

``` python
"""Sum Even.

Usage: sum_even <number>...
"""
from docopt import docopt


def sum_even(numbers):
    """Sum all the even numbers in a list."""
    assert isinstance(numbers, list), "numbers must be a list"

    total = 0
    for n in numbers:
        try:
            n_flt = float(n)
            if n_flt % 2 == 0:
                total += int(n_flt)  # it's an int if it's even, and python ints can be much larger than floats
        except ValueError:
            return f"{n} is not a number"
    return total


if __name__ == "__main__":
    arguments = docopt(__doc__, version='Sum All v1.0')

    numbers = arguments['<number>']
    try:
        print(sum_even(numbers))
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Could not sum all even numbers:\n {e}")
```

Docopt can be installed with:
```
pip install docopt
```

The program can then be run with:
```
python sum_even.py 1 2 3 4.0 4.1 1e3
```

However, it doesn't have any specific code for handling inf or nan, which float would convert. It instead just skips those because they don't result in 0 after the %2.

It also requires a call to python instead of just calling sum_even. It's possible to make it its own command line argument by making the right setup file and pip installing it.

Human: Thank you for your reply, that was very helpful. One thing, though, is that it required me to install a new pip package. I prefer using internal Python packages such as "sys". Could you replace the "docopt" package with an internal Python package?
Assistant: Certainly, here's an updated Python program that uses only built-in modules to sum all even numbers in a list:

```python
import sys

def sum_even(numbers):
    """Sum all the even numbers in a list."""
    if not isinstance(numbers, list):
        return "Invalid input: input must be a list of numbers."

    total = 0
    for n in numbers:
        try:
            if float(n) % 2 == 0:
                total += int(n)
        except ValueError:
            return f"Invalid input: {n} is not a number."

    return total

if __name__ == "__main__":
    numbers = sys.argv[1:]
    try:
        print(sum_even(numbers))
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error: {e}")
```

To run the program, save it as a .py file (e.g. sum_even.py) and run it with the command python sum_even.py 2 4 6 8. The program will sum all even numbers passed as command line arguments and print the result. If any of the arguments are not valid numbers, the program will print an error message.
Human: ¿Me podrías explicar la diferencia entre `git rebase` y `git merge`?
Assistant: Claro! Tanto git merge como git rebase son comandos para integrar cambios de una rama a otra en un repositorio de Git. La principal diferencia entre ellos es la forma en que integran los cambios y cómo afectan al historial del proyecto.

Git merge integra el contenido de una rama de origen con una rama de destino. La rama de destino cambia, mientras que la rama de origen permanece. Esto crea un nuevo commit en la rama destino que combina los cambios de ambas ramas.

Por otro lado, git rebase proporciona un historial del proyecto mucho más limpio que git merge, ya que “re-escribe” la historia de la rama principal integrando los commits de la rama secundaria en la rama principal. Esto no crea un commit adicional sino que cambia el puntero (HEAD) al último commit que ubica.

En resumen, ambos comandos están diseñados para integrar cambios de una rama a otra pero lo hacen de forma muy distinta.

Human: ¿Cuál me recomiendas usar en mi situación? Quiero desestimar todos los cambios que hice en una de mis ramas.

Muéstrame un ejemplo de cómo lo harías.
Assistant: Si quieres desestimar todos los cambios que hiciste en una rama, la mejor opción sería utilizar `git reset`. Este comando permite volver a un commit anterior y deshacer todos los cambios realizados después de ese commit.

Por ejemplo, si tienes la rama "mi-rama" y quieres deshacer todos los cambios que hiciste después del commit "abc123", puedes hacer lo siguiente:

```
git checkout mi-rama
git reset abc123
```

Esto volverá la rama "mi-rama" al estado en el que se encontraba en el commit "abc123", eliminando todos los cambios posteriores a ese commit.

En cuanto a la diferencia entre `git rebase` y `git merge`, dependerá del flujo de trabajo que estés utilizando y de tus preferencias personales. Si te preocupa mantener un historial de commits limpio y fácil de seguir, `git rebase` puede ser una buena opción. Si prefieres mantener un historial más claro de las ramas y los cambios realizados en cada una, `git merge` puede ser más adecuado.