Bohemian Switzerland

Bohemian Switzerland, also known as Czech Switzerland, is a nature region in the Elbe Sandstone Mountains in the northwestern Czech Republic, protected as a national park.
It has been a protected area (as Elbe Sandstone Mountains Protected Landscape Area) since 1972. The region along the right side of the Elbe became a national park in 2000 and is adjacent to the Saxon Switzerland National Park in Germany. Together with Saxon Switzerland, the region is known as Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland.
Etymology
The concept of Bohemian Switzerland developed in the 18th century as an extension of the Saxon Switzerland, a part of the Elbe Sandstone Mountains in Germany. The name was inspired by the Swiss artists Adrian Zingg and Anton Graff, who were reminded of their homeland by the geography of northern Bohemia.
Geography
Bohemian Switzerland covers the eastern part of the Czech side of the Elbe Sandstone Mountains. It is located northeast of Děčín, on right bank of the Elbe River, which briefly forms its border. It extends eastward into the Lusatian Mountains and westward into the Ore Mountains. Its highest elevation is the hill Růžovský vrch at above sea level.
History
A large number of castles were built in the Bohemian Switzerland region in order to guard the trade routes. Several of these castles were also used as medieval robber baron hideouts. The region had been very sparsely populated since ancient times by a few Germanic, Slavic and Celtic tribes, but was finally colonised in the 12th century by German-speaking settlers. Until the end of the World War II it was home to German Bohemians (later known as the Sudeten Germans). Since its German population was driven out after 1945, the area has been almost exclusively settled by Czechs.
The area first began to draw tourists in large numbers in the second half of the 19th century. Artists of the Romantic era were inspired by the wild beauty of the rocks. For example, the artist Ludwig Richter or the composer Carl Maria von Weber, who set his famous opera Der Freischütz in the vicinity of Rathen.
National park
As early as 1972, the whole of Bohemian Switzerland was placed under protection. When, in 1990, the status of Saxon Switzerland was raised to that of a national park, efforts were stepped up to place the Bohemian part of Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland under national park protection as well. A plan devised in 1991 envisaged that this would also include the Růžovský vrch. This plan was heavily resisted by various groups, such as the owners of hunting land and the forestry industry. A compromise proposal also fell on stony ground. In 1999, the Czech government decided to create the Bohemian Switzerland National Park to its originally envisaged extent. On 1 January 2000 the valuable forest and rock landscape, the Kamenice Gorge and the area around the Růžovský vrch were given national park status. The headquarters of the national park authority is located in Krásná Lípa, and there are information offices in Hřensko and Jetřichovice.
Sights
Pravcicka Gate, the largest natural sandstone arch in Europe
Kamenice Gorge, a rock ravine near Hřensko
Šaunštejn Castle, a robber baron rock castle near Vysoká Lipa
Mariina skála, a viewing point near Jetřichovice
Vilemínina stěna, a viewing point near Jetřichovice
Rudolfův kámen, a viewing point near Jetřichovice
Pavlinino údolí, the deeply incised, romantic valley of the Chřibská Kamenice stream
Falkenštejn Castle, rock castle
Rock chapel in Všemily
Malá Pravčická brána, natural sandstone arch
Na Tokáni, historic inn and hostel
The well tended villages with their Upper Lusatian houses
References
External links
Official tourist guide
Bohemian-switzerland.cz – tourist guide
Pravčice Gate website
Awarded "EDEN - European Destinations of Excellence" non traditional tourist destination 2009
National parks of the Czech Republic
Protected areas established in 1972
Bohemia
Elbe Sandstone Mountains
Geography of the Ústí nad Labem Region
Tourist attractions in the Ústí nad Labem Region
1972 establishments in Czechoslovakia