Cassia (genus)

Cassia (genus)
Cassia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae, and the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. Species are known commonly as cassias. The genus includes 37 species and has a pantropical distribution. Species of the genera Senna and Chamaecrista were previously included in Cassia. Cassia now generally includes the largest species of the legume subtribe Cassiinae, usually mid-sized to tall trees.
Cassia is also the English common name of some unrelated species in the genus Cinnamomum of the family Lauraceae.
Ecology
Cassia species occur in a range of climates. Some can be utilized widely as ornamental plants. They have been used in reforestation projects, and species from desert climates can be used to prevent desertification.
Cassia species are used as food plants by the caterpillars of many lepidopteran taxa. For example, the skipper Astraptes fulgerator and the pierids Catopsilia pomona and C. pyranthe are all seen on Cassia fistula. The latter utilizes several other cassias, as well.
The plant pathogenic viruses cassia yellow blotch bromovirus and cassia yellow spot potyvirus were first described from Cassia.
Uses
Because the name Cassia is not precise, it is sometimes difficult to know what is meant by references to plants known as "cassias". Cassia gum, for example, is made from Senna obtusifolia, a species formerly included in genus Cassia.
Genera Cassia and Senna are both known in systems of traditional medicine. Cassia fistula, for example, is used in Ayurvedic medicine.
There exists some culinary use for cassias. The fruit of some species is edible. In Central America, its pods are stewed into a molasses-like syrup, taken as a sweetener and for its nutritional and medicinal effects. Some have toxins in their seeds, however.
Systematics and taxonomy
There are hundreds of Cassia species, but it is unclear just how many. One estimate stands at 692. The genus was a wastebasket taxon for a long time, used to classify plants that did not fit well anywhere else. Over 1000 species have belonged to Cassia over the years. Many taxa have since been transferred to more appropriate genera, such as Senna. Plants of the World Online accepts 37 species.
Species
Cassia comprises the following species:
Cassia abbreviata Oliv.
subsp. abbreviata Oliv.
subsp. beareana (Holmes) Brenan
subsp. kassneri (Baker f.) Brenan
Cassia afrofistula Brenan — Kenyan shower cassia
Cassia angolensis Welw. ex Hiern
Cassia arereh Delile
Cassia artensis Beauvis.
Cassia aubrevillei Pellegr.
Cassia bakeriana Craib—pink cassia, wishing-tree
Cassia brewsteri (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth. — Brewster's cassia, cigar cassia
Cassia burttii Baker f.
Cassia cowanii H.S.Irwin & Barneby
var. cowanii H.S.Irwin & Barneby
var. guianensis (Sandwith) H.S.Irwin & Barneby
var. peruviana (J.F.Macbr.) H.S.Irwin & Barneb
Cassia eremophila Vogel—desert cassia
Cassia fastuosa Willd. ex Vogel
var. calva H.S.Irwin & Barneby
var. fastuosa
Cassia ferruginea (Schrad.) DC.
var. ferruginea
var. vellozoana H.S.Irwin & Barneby
Cassia fikifiki
Cassia fistula L. — golden shower, Indian-laburnum, purging cassia
Cassia grandis L.f. — pink shower cassia
Cassia hintonii Sandwith
Cassia hippophallus Capuron
Cassia javanica L.—apple-blossom cassia, Palawan cherry
subsp. bartonii F.M.Bailey
subsp. javanica L.
var. javanica L.
var. microcalyx Irwin & Barneby
subsp. nodosa (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) K.Larsen & S.S.Larsen
subsp. pubiflora (Merr.) K.Larsen
Cassia johannae Vatke
Cassia lancangensis Y.Y. Qian
Cassia leiandra Benth.
Cassia leptophylla Vogel—gold medallion tree
Cassia mannii Oliv.
Cassia marksiana (F.M.Bailey) Domin
Cassia midas H.S.Irwin & Barneby
Cassia moschata Kunth
Cassia mystacicarpa
Cassia psilocarpa Welw.
Cassia queenslandica C.T.White
Cassia × regia Standl.
Cassia roxburghii DC.—Roxburgh's cassia
Cassia rubriflora Ducke
Cassia sieberiana DC.
Cassia spruceana Benth.
Cassia swartzioides Ducke
var. scarlatina (Ducke) H.S.Irwin & Barneby
var. swartzioides
Cassia thyrsoidea Brenan
Cassia tomentella (Benth.) Domin
See also
Sydney Percy-Lancaster
References
Fabaceae genera
Cassieae
Pantropical flora