Sideroxylon

Sideroxylon is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. They are collectively known as bully trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words σιδηρος (sideros), meaning "iron", and ξύλον (xylon), meaning "wood."
Distribution
The genus is distributed mainly in North and South America, but also in Africa, Madagascar, southern Asia, and various oceanic islands. Some species, such as gum bully (S. lanuginosum), S. tenax, and buckthorn bully (S. lycioides), are found in subtropical areas of North America. The only South African species, the white milkwood (S. inerme), is associated with three historical sites, and these individuals were declared national monuments due to their unusual longevity.
Ecology
Several species have become rare due to logging and other forms of habitat destruction. The tambalacoque (S. grandiflorum) of Mauritius was affected by the extinction of the birds which dispersed its seed; it was suggested that the species entirely depended on the dodo (Raphus cucullatus) for that purpose and nearly became a victim of coextinction, but this is not correct. Bully trees provide food for the larvae of certain Lepidoptera, such as the bumelia webworm moth (Urodus parvula) as well as several species of Coleoptera of the genus Plinthocoelium, commonly known as bumelia borers.
Species
83 species are currently accepted:
Sideroxylon acunae - Cuba
Sideroxylon alachuense - United States (Florida)
Sideroxylon altamiranoi - Mexico (Hidalgo, Querétaro)
Sideroxylon americanum - Mexico (Yucatán Peninsula), West Indies
Sideroxylon anomalum - Hispaniola (Barahona Province, Dominican Republic)
Sideroxylon beguei - Madagascar
Sideroxylon bequaertii - Democratic Republic of the Congo
Sideroxylon betsimisarakum - Madagascar
Sideroxylon borbonicum - Réunion
Sideroxylon boutonianum - Mauritius
Sideroxylon brucebenzii – Mexico (Jalisco)
Sideroxylon bullatum - Jamaica
Sideroxylon canariense - Canary Islands
Sideroxylon cantoniense - Southeast China
Sideroxylon capiri - Mesoamerica, West Indies
Sideroxylon capuronii - Madagascar
Sideroxylon cartilagineum - Mexico (Sinaloa, Jalisco, Guerrero)
Sideroxylon celastrinum - United States (Texas), Mesoamerica, Colombia, Venezuela, Cuba, Bahamas
Sideroxylon cinereum - Mauritius
Sideroxylon cochranei – Mexico (Jalisco)
Sideroxylon contrerasii - Mesoamerica
Sideroxylon cubense - West Indies
Sideroxylon dominicanum - Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)
Sideroxylon durifolium - Mexico (Chiapas), Belize
Sideroxylon ekmanianum - Cuba
Sideroxylon eriocarpum - Mexico (Oaxaca)
Sideroxylon eucoriaceum - Mexico (Veracruz), Guatemala
Sideroxylon eucuneifolium - Guatemala
Sideroxylon excavatum - Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca)
Sideroxylon fimbriatum - Yemen (Socotra)
Sideroxylon floribundum - Belize, Guatemala, Jamaica
Sideroxylon foetidissimum - West Indies, Southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, United States (Florida)
Sideroxylon galeatum - Mauritius (Rodrigues)
Sideroxylon gerrardianum - Madagascar
Sideroxylon grandiflorum - Mauritius
Sideroxylon hirtiantherum - Guatemala, Honduras
Sideroxylon horridum - Cuba, Cayman Islands
Sideroxylon ibarrae - Guatemala (Baja Verapaz)
Sideroxylon inerme - Africa (Somalia to Cape Province, South Africa), Seychelles (Aldabra), French Southern and Antarctic Lands (Juan de Nova I)
Sideroxylon jubilla - Cuba
Sideroxylon lanuginosum – - United States (Arizona to South Carolina, Kentucky), northeastern Mexico
Sideroxylon leucophyllum - Mexico (Baja California, Sonora)
Sideroxylon lycioides – buckthorn bully - Southeastern United States (Texas to Delaware)
Sideroxylon macrocarpum - United States (Georgia)
Sideroxylon majus - Réunion
Sideroxylon marginatum - Cape Verde
Sideroxylon mascatense - Ethiopia to Pakistan
Sideroxylon mirmulano - Madeira
Sideroxylon moaense - Cuba
Sideroxylon montanum - Jamaica
Sideroxylon nadeaudii - Tahiti
Sideroxylon nervosum - Myanmar
Sideroxylon obovatum - West Indies, Venezuela
Sideroxylon obtusifolium - Mexico (Veracruz) to Paraguay
Sideroxylon occidentale - Mexico (Baja California, Sonora)
Sideroxylon octosepalum - Jamaica (Clarendon Parish)
Sideroxylon palmeri - Mexico
Sideroxylon peninsulare - Mexico (Baja California)
Sideroxylon persimile - Mesoamerica, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago (Trinidad)
Sideroxylon picardae - Hispaniola (Haiti, Dominican Republic)
Sideroxylon polynesicum - United States (Hawaii), French Polynesia (Rapa-Iti)
Sideroxylon portoricense - Mesoamerica, Greater Antilles
Sideroxylon puberulum - Mauritius
Sideroxylon reclinatum - United States (Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina)
Sideroxylon repens - Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)
Sideroxylon retinerve - Honduras
Sideroxylon rotundifolium - Jamaica
Sideroxylon rubiginosum - Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)
Sideroxylon salicifolium - West Indies, Mesoamerica, Florida
Sideroxylon saxorum - Madagascar
Sideroxylon sessiliflorum - Mauritius
Sideroxylon socorrense - Mexico (Socorro Island)
Sideroxylon spinosum - Morocco, Algeria, Mauritania, and Western Sahara
Sideroxylon st-johnianum - Pitcairn Islands (Henderson Island)
Sideroxylon stenospermum - Mesoamerica
Sideroxylon stevensonii - Mexico (Chiapas), Belize, Guatemala
Sideroxylon tambolokoko - Madagascar
Sideroxylon tenax - United States (Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina)
Sideroxylon tepicense - Mesoamerica
Sideroxylon thornei - United States (Florida, Georgia, Alabama)
Sideroxylon verruculosum - Mexico
Sideroxylon wightianum - China (Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangdong), Vietnam
Formerly placed here
Micropholis acutangula (as S. acutangulum )
Micropholis crassipedicellata (as S. crassipedicellatum )
Micropholis guyanensis (as S. guyanense )
Micropholis rugosa (as S. rugosum )
Olinia ventosa (as S. cymosum )
Planchonella australis (as S. australe )
Planchonella costata (as S. costatum )
Planchonella eerwah (as S. eerwah )
Planchonella macrantha (as S. macranthum )
Pouteria elegans (as S. elegans )
Pouteria reticulata (as S. uniloculare )
Pouteria sapota (as S. sapota )
Synsepalum dulcificum (as S. dulcificum )
References
External links
Sapotaceae genera