PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
جيلكو موسا

جيلكو موسا مواليد 8 يناير 1986 في موستار، جمهورية يوغوسلافيا الاشتراكية الاتحادية، هو لاعب كرة يد كرواتي. يلعب حاليا مع نادي ماغديبورغ لكرة اليد ويحمل الرقم 22. مثل منتخب كرواتيا لكرة اليد. حقق المركز الثاني في بطولة أوروبا لكرة اليد للرجال 2010.
المسيرة الاحترافية
لعب مع نادي تريمو تربنجه لكرة اليد في الدوري السلوفيني من سنة 2007 إلى 2010، ثم لعب مع نادي جورينيه فيلينيه لكرة اليد من سنة 2010 إلى 2012، ثم انضم إلى فيف تارغي كيلسي في الدوري السلوفيني من سنة 2012 إلى 2016، ثم انضم إلى نادي ماغديبورغ لكرة اليد في الدوري الألماني في سنة 2016.
سجل المنافسة
شارك في البطولات التالية:
بطولة العالم لكرة اليد للرجال 2015
بطولة أوروبا لكرة اليد للرجال 2012
بطولة أوروبا لكرة اليد للرجال 2014
الميداليات
روابط خارجية
مراجع
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون كرواتيون مغتربون في ألمانيا
رياضيون كرواتيون مغتربون في البوسنة والهرسك
رياضيون كرواتيون مغتربون في بولندا
رياضيون كرواتيون مغتربون في سلوفينيا
رياضيون من موستار
كروات البوسنة والهرسك
لاعبو الدوري الألماني لكرة اليد
لاعبو فيف تارغي كيلسي
لاعبو كرة يد كرواتيون
لاعبو كرة يد مغتربون في بولندا
مواليد 1986
مواليد في موستار
ميغيل سانابريا

ميغيل سانابريا (11 نوفمبر 1964 في باراغواي - ) هو مدرب كرة قدم ولاعب كرة قدم باراغواياني في مركز الوسط. شارك مع منتخب باراغواي لكرة القدم. أما مع النوادي، فقد لعب مع أوليمبيا أسونسيون وسيرو بورتينيو ونادي بوليفار.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في بوليفيا
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
رياضيون من لوكوي (إسبانيا)
لاعبو أوليمبيا أسونسيون
لاعبو كرة قدم باراغوايانيون
لاعبو كرة قدم باراغوايانيون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في بوليفيا
لاعبو كوبا أمريكا 1991
لاعبو منتخب باراغواي لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي بوليفار
مواليد 1964
Agnes Lyall

Agnes Lyall
Agnes Earl Lyall (1908-2013) was an American artist. She helped found the American Abstract Artists in 1936. Her work is included in the collections of the Whitney Museum of American Art, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the Brooklyn Museum, the Yale University Art Gallery, the Carnegie Museum of Art, the National Gallery of Art and the Museum of Modern Art, New York.
References
1908 births
2013 deaths
20th-century American women artists
20th-century American artists
21st-century American women artists
21st-century American artists
Judith Clarke

Judith Clarke (24 August 1943 – 14 May 2020) was an Australian best-selling author of short stories for children and young adults.
Life
Clarke was born on 24 August 1943 and raised in Sydney. She worked as a teacher, lecturer and librarian. She graduated from the University of New South Wales, and Australian National University.
Clarke died on 14 May 2020 in Melbourne.
Awards
Young People's Talking Book of the Year Award (1991) from the Variety Club
Boston Globe-Horn Book Honor Book in Fiction and Poetry, for Kalpana's Dream
Children's Books of the Year Awards Winner-Children's Book Council of Australia, for Wolf on the Fold
Children's Books of the Year Awards Honor, Older Readers, for Night Train (Holt, 2000), by the Children's Book Council of Australia
Victorian Premier's Literary Awards Winner, by Young Adult Fiction-State Library of Victoria, Australia
Queensland Premier’s Literary Young Adult Book Award winner (2007) for One Whole and Perfect Day
Michael L. Printz Honor Book, for One Whole and Perfect Day
Prime Minister's Literary Award, Young Adult Fiction (2018) shortlisted for My Lovely Frankie
Works
The boy on the lake: stories of the supernatural, University of Queensland Press, 1989,
Riffraff, H. Holt, 1992,
Friend of my Heart, University of Queensland Press, 1994,
Panic stations, University of Queensland Press, 1995,
Big Night Out, Shorts, 1995,
Lost Day, Puffin Books, 1997,
Nighttrain, Puffin, 1998,
Starry Nights, Allen & Unwin, 2001,
Wolf on the Fold, Allen & Unwin, 2002,
Kalpana's Dream, Allen & Unwin, 2004,
One Whole and Perfect Day, Allen & Unwin, 2006, ; (Front Street, 2007)
The Winds of Heaven, Allen & Unwin, 2009,
Capsella series
The heroic life of Al Capsella, University of Queensland Press, 1988,
Al Capsella takes a vacation, Holt, 1993,
My Lovely Frankie, Allen & Unwin, 2017,
References
External links
"Refreshingly Upbeat", January Magazine, Sue Bursztynski
"One Whole & Perfect Day", revish, Jaemi
1943 births
2020 deaths
Australian children's writers
Australian women children's writers
Writers from Sydney
جيمس جاي ارتشر

جيمس جاي ارتشر هو عسكري أمريكي، ولد في 19 ديسمبر 1817 في مقاطعة هارفورد في الولايات المتحدة، وتوفي في 24 أكتوبر 1864 في ريتشموند في الولايات المتحدة.
مراجع
أسرى الحرب الأهلية الأمريكية
أشخاص من تكساس في الحرب الأهلية الأمريكية
أشخاص من تينيسي في الحرب الأهلية الأمريكية
أشخاص من هافر دي غريس
خريجو جامعة برنستون
مبارزون ومبارزات
مواليد 1817
وفيات 1864
أفراد عسكريون أمريكيون في الحرب المكسيكية الأمريكية
أفراد عسكريون أمريكيون في الحرب الأمريكية المكسيكية
أفراد الجيش الأمريكي في الحرب الأمريكية المكسيكية
Lahouari Touil

Lahouari Touil (born 30 July 1991) is an Algerian footballer who plays as a striker for USM Khenchela.
Club career
Lahouari Touil started his football career with CRB Ain Turk after which Touil moved to WA Tlemcen where he played for three seasons And his first match was on September 10, 2011 against AS Khroub and participated as a substitute, as for his first goal was against JS Kabylie on October 1, which was the winning goal. although he was a key player in most matches he was not convinced. after that Touil moved to ASM Oran in Ligue 1 but only played 6 matches including two as a starter, Then he fell back in the level where reached to play in the Ligue Nationale du Football Amateur for two seasons with USM Annaba, to regain some of his luster by returning to Ligue 2 from Amal Bou Saâda gate. and then to Ligue 1 with the team in which WA Tlemcen starred and achieved great results by scoring 10 goals, On September 2, Lahouari Touil moved to the Iraqi club Al-Zawraa SC becoming the first Algerian to play there. His first match was in the Iraqi Super Cup against Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya, where Touil won the first title in its history. As for the first match in the Iraqi Premier League, it was against Al-Sinaa SC and he scored the winning goal.
On 8 September 2022, Touil joined Saudi club Al-Ain.
On 30 August 2023, he joined USM Khenchela.
Career statistics
Club
Honours
Club
Al-Zawraa SC
Iraqi Super Cup (1): 2021
References
External links
1991 births
Living people
Algerian men's footballers
Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 players
Algerian Ligue 2 players
Iraq Stars League players
Saudi First Division League players
Men's association football forwards
WA Tlemcen players
ASM Oran players
USM Annaba players
Amal Bou Saâda players
USM Bel Abbès players
Al-Zawraa SC players
Al-Ain FC (Saudi Arabia) players
Algerian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Iraq
Algerian expatriate sportspeople in Iraq
Expatriate men's footballers in Saudi Arabia
Algerian expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia
21st-century Algerian people
Olo (online ordering)

Olo (online ordering)
Olo is a New York City-based B2B SaaS company that develops digital ordering and delivery programs for restaurants. The company’s platform allows customers to place restaurant orders from multiple origination points – from a brand’s own website or app, third party marketplaces, social media platforms, smart speakers, and home assistants. It also provides restaurants with order analytics and other services.
History
Olo was founded as GoMobo in 2005 by Noah Glass in New Haven. Its initial product was a mobile phone app that allowed users to pre-order food via text message from coffee shops for pick-up.
In 2010, the company changed its name to Olo ("online ordering") to reflect its change from being a customer-facing application to being a B2B software company, "invisible" to customers, used by restaurants to manage mobile device orders.
Fortune reported in 2015 that restaurants using Olo software had served approximately 10 million customers.
In 2017, Shake Shack launched the Shake App created by Olo; other restaurant brands using Olo software include Denny’s and Wingstop.
In 2019, Olo formed a partnership with Google to provide the interface between Google Search and other Google applications to connect customers with local restaurants, allowing them to place orders directly, without using third-party ordering apps such as Doordash and Postmates. ChowNow, a competitor B2B restaurant order-management SaaS company, has a similar arrangement with Google.
On March 17, 2021, Olo went public on the New York Stock Exchange and its IPO raised approximately $450 million.
In October 2021, Olo announced its acquisition of Wisely, a customer intelligence platform that uses consumer data to personalize online ordering.
In February 2022, Olo launched a service called Olo Pay which enables customers to make one-click online purchases from any restaurant in Olo’s network. In February 2022, Olo acquired Omnivore, a company that developed technology services for restaurants.
Starting in August 2022, Olo stock plunged as restaurants delayed deploying their ordering software. Following the drop in Olo’s share price, several law firms filed what Restaurant Business described as “stock-drop suits”, a common type of lawsuit following a substantial drop in a public company’s share prices where lawyers for investors attempt to show that the company intentionally withheld information related to the price fall from its shareholders.
Funding
The company has raised funds from Founder Collective, RRE Ventures, Core Capital, PayPal, Staley Capital, the Raine Group, Danny Meyer (CEO of Union Square Hospitality Group), and private investors.
In January 2020, Bloomberg News reported that Olo might be seeking an IPO with a valuation of $1 billion. Those plans were put on hold due to COVID-19. The company went public in March 2021 with a valuation of $3.6 billion.
References
Online food retailers of the United States
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
جوزيف جيرارد

جوزيف جيرارد هو سياسي كندي، ولد في 2 أغسطس 1853 في كندا، وتوفي في 3 أبريل 1933 في كندا. حزبياً، نشط في حزب كندا المحافظ. وقد انتخب وانتخب عضو مجلس العموم الكندي.
مراجع
مواليد 1853
وفيات 1933
أعضاء مجلس العموم الكندي من كيبك
Karl Klug

Karl Klug (born March 31, 1988) is a former American football defensive end who played his entire seven-year professional career with the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Iowa.
College career
During his four-year career at Iowa, Klug appeared in 40 games with 26 consecutive starts to end his career. He tallied 140 tackles, including 31 for loss, 9.5 sacks, eight quarterback pressures, eight passes defensed, four forced fumbles and a fumble recovery.
Professional career
Klug was drafted by the Tennessee Titans in the fifth round of the 2011 NFL Draft, 142nd overall. In the 2011 NFL season, Klug led all rookie defensive tackles with 7 sacks, which exceeded initial expectations.
On March 13, 2015, Klug and the Titans agreed to a two-year contract extension.
In 2016, Klug appeared in 14 games with three starts recording 26 tackles, 1.5 sacks, and one pass defensed before suffering a torn Achilles in Week 15 and was placed on injured reserve.
On March 9, 2017, Klug re-signed with the Titans.
On March 17, 2018, Klug was released by the Titans.
Coaching career
In 2018, Klug was hired as a defensive line coach at Page High School in Franklin, Tennessee, having previously volunteered with the school during his playing career.
References
External links
Tennessee Titans bio
Iowa Hawkeyes football bio
NFL.com bio
1988 births
Living people
Players of American football from Wisconsin
American football defensive tackles
American football defensive ends
Iowa Hawkeyes football players
Tennessee Titans players
People from La Crosse, Wisconsin
High school football coaches in Tennessee
متتالية ميان - تشولا

متتالية ميان - تشولا
في الرياضيات، متتالية ميان-تشولا هي متتالية أعداد صحيحة تُعرف بالمعادلة:
حيث
و هو أصغر عدد صحيح بحيث:
حيث و أقل أو يساوي .
الخصائص
تساوي واحد، حيث و أقل أو يساوي ، وبما إن n= 1 إذًا فإن كلا من و يساوي واحد أيضًا، إذًا فإن العدد التالي من المتتالية هو 1 + 1 = 2، = 2. ثم، لا يمكن أن يكون 3 لأنه سيكون هناك مجموع ثنائي غير مميز 1 + 3 = 2 + 2 = 4. ثم نجد ذلك ، بحيث تكون المجاميع الزوجية 2 و3 و4 و5 و6 و8. وهكذا تبدأ المتتالية
1 ، 2 ، 4 ، 8 ، 13 ، 21 ، 31 ، 45 ، 66 ، 81 ، 97 ، 123 ، 148 ، 182 ، 204 ، 252 ، 290 ، 361 ، 401 ، 475 ، ... .
متتاليات مماثلة
إذا حددنا ، فإن المتتالية الناتجة هي نفسها باستثناء أن كل حد أقل بمقدار واحد (أي 0 ، 1 ، 3 ، 7 ، 12 ، 20 ، 30 ، 44 ، 65 ، 80 ، 96 ،. . . OEIS : A025582).
التاريخ
اخترع التسلسل عبد المجيد ميان وسارفادمان شولا.
مراجع
سلاسل عددية
E. Ruth Anderson

E. Ruth Anderson
Elsie Ruth Anderson (23 June 1907, Newport, Rhode Island – 24 November 1989, Boston, Massachusetts) was an American musicologist, weather observer, and editor.
Biography
Anderson attended the New England Conservatory of Music from 1924 to 1931, again in 1934, and again from 1940 to 1941. On June 23, 1931, Anderson received a Diploma in Orchestra with a concentration in Violin from the New England Conservatory of Music.
During World War II, Anderson enlisted in the WAVES and trained at the Navy Aerographers School at Lakehurst Maxfield Field, New Jersey. She was assigned first to a Naval Air Station in Indiana and then to the Naval Intelligence Unit in Washington, D.C. After World War II, Anderson continued with that unit, including one year in the United Kingdom. In 1954, Anderson began working for the American Meteorological Society in Boston. For 15 years, she served as News Editor of the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. She also wrote a history of the building that houses the AMS – the Harrison Gray Otis House at 45 Beacon Street. While working for the AMS, she compiled and wrote the Contemporary American Composers: A Biographical Dictionary, published in 1977, with a follow-up edition in 1982.
Published works
Contemporary American Composers: A Biographical Dictionary, G K Hall & Co. (G.K. Hall was acquired by ITT in September 1969 and sold to Macmillan Publishing in 1985; it is now an imprint of Thomson Gale)
1st ed. (1976) (513 pages, 4to);
2nd ed. (1982);
References
1907 births
1989 deaths
American book editors
New England Conservatory alumni
20th-century American women scientists
20th-century American scientists
United States Navy sailors
WAVES personnel
American musicians
Jordan Miller (defensive tackle)

Jordan Miller (defensive tackle)
Jordan Nicolas Miller (born February 1, 1988) is an American football defensive tackle who is currently a free agent. He was originally signed by the Chicago Bears as an undrafted free agent in 2011. He played college football at Southern University.
Professional career
Jacksonville Jaguars
Miller was signed to the Jacksonville Jaguars' practice squad on October 1, 2013. He was promoted to the active roster on December 20.
He was waived/injured by the Jaguars on August 2, 2014 and later was placed on injured reserve. On August 9, he agreed to an injury settlement, releasing him from the team's roster.
New Orleans VooDoo
On April 10, 2015, Miller was assigned to the New Orleans VooDoo of the Arena Football League. On April 14, 2015, he was placed on reassignment. On April 16, 2015, he was placed on league suspension by the VooDoo.
Chicago Eagles
Miller signed with Chicago Eagles of Champions Indoor Football (CIF).
Jacksonville Sharks
On May 25, 2016, was assigned to the Jacksonville Sharks.
Tampa Bay Storm
Miller was assigned to the Tampa Bay Storm in January 2017. The Storm folded in December 2017.
Jordan Miller is currently retired and speaks to aspiring athletes in his free time.
References
External links
Chicago Bears bio
Green Bay Packers bio
Southern Jaguars bio
1988 births
Living people
People from Largo, Maryland
Players of American football from Prince George's County, Maryland
American football defensive tackles
Southern Jaguars football players
Chicago Bears players
Green Bay Packers players
Kansas City Chiefs players
Jacksonville Jaguars players
New Orleans VooDoo players
Chicago Eagles players
Jacksonville Sharks players
Tampa Bay Storm players
الغرة (السوم)

الغرة (السوم)
الغرة هي إحدى قرى عزلة السوم بمديرية السوم التابعة لمحافظة حضرموت، بلغ تعداد سكانها 65 نسمة حسب تعداد اليمن لعام 2004.
مراجع وروابط خارجية
World Gazetteer:Yemen
الجهاز المركزي للإحصاء بالجمهورية اليمنية
المركز الوطني للمعلومات باليمن
قرى عزلة السوم
بريخم

بريخم هي قرية أفغانية في مقاطعة خواهان التابعة لولاية بدخشان الواقعة في شمال شرق أفغانستان.
انظر أيضًا
مقاطعة خواهان
ولاية بدخشان
المراجع
أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة خواهان
Mohammadyar

Mohammadyar (also Romanized as Moḩammadyār, Moḩammad Yār, and Muhammadiar) is a city and the capital of Mohammadyar District of Naqadeh County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran.
At the 2006 census, its population was 8,018 in 1,953 households. The following census in 2011 counted 8,604 people in 2,423 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 9,313 people in 2,775 households.
References
Naqadeh County
Cities in West Azerbaijan Province
Populated places in Naqadeh County
نورمان باور

نورمان باور هو سياسي بريطاني (وحمل سابقاً جنسية المملكة المتحدة لبريطانيا العظمى وأيرلندا)، ولد في 18 مايو 1907، وتوفي في 7 ديسمبر 1990. حزبياً، نشط في حزب المحافظين. في ، انتخب عضو برلمان المملكة المتحدة الـ37 عن دائرة (2 ديسمبر 1941 – 15 يونيو 1945) وفي ، انتخب عضو برلمان المملكة المتحدة الـ38 عن دائرة هارو الغربية (5 يوليو 1945 – 3 فبراير 1950) وفي ، انتخب عضو برلمان المملكة المتحدة الـ39 عن دائرة هارو الغربية (23 فبراير 1950 – 30 مارس 1951).
مراجع
أعضاء برلمان المملكة المتحدة 1935–45
أعضاء برلمان المملكة المتحدة 1945–50
أعضاء برلمان المملكة المتحدة 1950–51
مواليد 1907
نواب حزب المحافظين عن الدوائر الانتخابية الإنجليزية
وفيات 1990
Rogier Jansen

Rogier Jansen (born 29 August 1984) is a Dutch retired basketball player and current coach. Jansen has represented the Dutch national basketball team multiple times.
Professional career
On 2 July 2003 Jansen signed with Hanzevast Capitals - or Donar - from Groningen. In the 2003–04 season Jansen won the Dutch national championship with the team. In 2005, he got his first NBB Cup.
In the 2005–06 season Jansen played for BC Omniworld in Almere.
Jansen returned to Groningen in 2007.
After two seasons with the Capitals, he signed with EiffelTowers Den Bosch. In the 2011–12 season Jansen won the Dutch Basketball League with Den Bosch. It was his second national championship.
During the 2012–13 season, Jansen returned to his former club Donar, now named GasTerra Flames. His contract wasn't extended.
On 28 June 2013 it was announced Jansen signed with the Den Helder Kings for the 2013–14 season.
In August 2014, Jansen signed a 2-year deal with Zorg en Zekerheid Leiden. In the 2015–16 season, Jansen was named DBL Sixth Man of the Year.
On 26 October 2017, Jansen signed with CB Clavijo of the Spanish second tier LEB Oro. He transferred to Ourense in November 2017. In March 2018, Jansen signed with his third Spanish club of the season, CD Estela of the Liga EBA.
Coaching career
Jansen was assistant coach with Apollo Amsterdam in the 2018–19 season.
Honours
Club
Donar Groningen
Dutch Basketball League (1): 2003–04
NBB Cup (1): 2004–05
EiffelTowers Den Bosch
Dutch Basketball League (1): 2011–12
Individual
DBL MVP Under 23 (1): 2006–07
DBL All-Star (4): 2009, 2014,2015,2016
DBL Rookie of the Year (1): 2003–04
References
1984 births
Almere Pioneers players
Living people
Den Helder Kings players
Donar (basketball club) players
Dutch Basketball League players
Dutch men's basketball players
Leuven Bears players
Shooting guards
Heroes Den Bosch players
Basketball players from Amsterdam
West-Brabant Giants players
CB Clavijo players
B.S. Leiden players
كانتون جنيف

كانتون جنيف يُسمى رسميا جمهورية وكانتون جنيف هو أحد كانتونات سويسرا، يقع في أقصى غرب البلاد على الحدود مع فرنسا. تبلغ مساحته 282.48 كيلومتر مربع ويٌقدر عدد سكانه بـ نسمة (في ).
أعلام
ريتشارد برتون
إدغار براندت
ميشيل سيمون
جون برنهارد
مراجع
جنيف
تأسيسات سنة 1815 في سويسرا
جغرافيا جنيف
جمهوريات سابقة
دول وأقاليم أسست في 1815
مقالات مع مصادر باللغة الألمانية (de)
إيرنيستو كورديرو أرويو

إيرنيستو كورديرو أرويو هو وزير واقتصادي وسياسي مكسيكي، ولد في 9 مايو 1968 في مدينة مكسيكو في المكسيك. نشط حزبياً في حزب العمل الوطني. وقد انتخب .
مراجع
وزراء مالية مكسيكيون
سياسيون مكسيكيون في القرن 21
سياسيون من مدينة مكسيكو
مواليد 1968
سياسيو حزب الفعل الوطني (المكسيك)
إيفون كانازاوا

إيفون كانازاوا (باليابانية: 金沢イボンヌ؛ بالكانا: かなざわ イボンヌ) هي منافسة ألعاب القوى يابانية، ولدت في 19 نوفمبر 1974 في طوكيو في اليابان.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
رياضيو المسار والميدان في الألعاب الآسيوية 1998
رياضيو المسار والميدان في الألعاب الآسيوية 2002
رياضيون (الميدان والمضمار) شاركوا في دورة الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1996
رياضيون (الميدان والمضمار) شاركوا في دورة الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2000
رياضيون من طوكيو
لاعبات قفز الحواجز يابانيات
لاعبو قوى أولمبيون من اليابان
لاعبو قوى من طوكيو
منافسون في الألعاب الآسيوية من اليابان
مواليد 1974
يابانيون من أصل أمريكي
يابانيون من أصل جامايكي
WAY-181187

WAY-181187 is a high affinity and selective 5-HT6 receptor full agonist. It induces robust increases in extracellular GABA levels in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and amygdala of rats without affecting concentrations in the nucleus accumbens or thalamus, and has modest to no effects on norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, or glutamate levels in these areas. WAY-181187 has demonstrated preclinical efficacy in rodent models of depression, anxiety, and notably obsessive-compulsive disorder, though it has also been shown to impair cognition and memory.
See also
WAY-208466
References
5-HT6 agonists
Experimental drugs
Serotonin receptor agonists
Imidazothiazoles
Texas pocket gopher

Texas pocket gopher
The Texas pocket gopher (Geomys personatus) is a species of rodent in the family Geomyidae. It is found in Tamaulipas in Mexico and in Texas in the United States.
Description
Males grow to a length of about including a tail of about . Females are slightly smaller and both sexes weigh about . The dorsal surface is a dull greyish-brown and the ventral surface is whitish with darker patches. There is very little hair on the tail especially near the tip. The upper incisors have a pair of grooves.
Distribution
The Texas pocket gopher is found in southern Texas as far north as Val Verde County and San Patricio County, and the state of Tamaulipas, the most north-easterly part of Mexico. It is common in the sand drifts on Mustang and Padre islands in the Gulf of Mexico.
Behavior
A single Texas pocket gopher occupies a burrow system that may have short side branches and about of passages. It defends its burrow against intruders, emitting a wheezy call and gnashing its teeth. It mainly stays underground and plugs the surface entrances with soil.
The spoil heap of excavated soil can be across and high. The Texas pocket gopher feeds on the roots of grasses such as paspalum (Paspalum), Bermuda grass (Cynodon), and sandbur (Cenchrus) and consumes all parts of a composite plant in the sunflower genus Helianthus. It avoids emerging onto the surface of the ground, where it is at risk from predators, by seizing the roots of the plant and pulling it down into its burrow. It also practices coprophagy, eating some of its own fecal pellets: it takes the pellets with its teeth directly from its anus, manipulates them with its fore-feet, and examines them carefully. It then consumes some and rejects others; however, the basis for its choice is unclear.
Little is known about the reproductive behavior of this species but it appears to breed at any time of year. Litters of from one to five young have been recorded and there are believed to be up to two litters in the year.
Status
The Texas pocket gopher has a wide range and is common in at least part of that range, with a patchy distribution attributable to its requirement for loose, sandy soils in which to burrow. The IUCN lists its conservation status as being of "least concern" because, although the population trend is unknown, it is unlikely to be declining at such a rate as to warrant listing it in a more threatened category.
References
Texas Pocket Gopher
Mammals of Mexico
Mammals of the United States
Rodents of North America
Texas Pocket Gopher
Texas Pocket Gopher
Texas Pocket Gopher
Mammals described in 1889
Least concern biota of North America
Least concern biota of the United States
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot