PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
John Smith (1880s first baseman)

John Smith (1880s first baseman)
John Joseph Smith (1858 – January 6, 1899) was a professional baseball player who, in 1882, played one season in the National League. In total he appeared in 54 games, all as a first baseman. He played in 35 games with the Troy Trojans and 19 with Worcester Worcesters. Smith had a .242 batting average in 219 career at bats. His listed height during his playing career was 5'11" and his weight was 210. It is unknown if he batted or threw left or right-handed. He was born in New York City, and died on January 6, 1899 at the age of 40 or 41 in San Francisco, California. He is interred at Holy Cross Cemetery in Colma, California.
References
External links
1858 births
1899 deaths
Troy Trojans players
Worcester Ruby Legs players
Baseball players from New York (state)
Major League Baseball first basemen
19th-century baseball players
San Francisco Knickerbockers players
San Francisco Californias players
San Francisco Haverlys players
San Francisco (minor league baseball) players
Wilmington Blue Hens players
Atlantic City (minor league baseball) players
San Francisco Pioneers players
Burials at Holy Cross Cemetery (Colma, California)
توماس غروفز

توماس غروفز هو سياسي بريطاني (وحمل سابقاً جنسية المملكة المتحدة لبريطانيا العظمى وأيرلندا)، ولد في 1884، وتوفي في 29 مايو 1958. حزبياً، نشط في حزب العمال.
مناصب
في ، انتخب عضو برلمان المملكة المتحدة الـ32 عن دائرة (15 نوفمبر 1922 – 16 نوفمبر 1923).
في ، انتخب عضو برلمان المملكة المتحدة الـ33 عن دائرة (6 ديسمبر 1923 – 9 أكتوبر 1924).
في ، انتخب عضو برلمان المملكة المتحدة الـ34 عن دائرة (29 أكتوبر 1924 – 10 مايو 1929).
في ، انتخب عضو برلمان المملكة المتحدة الـ35 عن دائرة (30 مايو 1929 – 7 أكتوبر 1931).
في ، انتخب عضو برلمان المملكة المتحدة الـ36 عن دائرة (27 أكتوبر 1931 – 25 أكتوبر 1935).
في ، انتخب عضو برلمان المملكة المتحدة الـ37 عن دائرة (14 نوفمبر 1935 – 15 يونيو 1945).
مراجع
أعضاء برلمان المملكة المتحدة 1922–23
أعضاء برلمان المملكة المتحدة 1923–24
أعضاء برلمان المملكة المتحدة 1924–29
أعضاء برلمان المملكة المتحدة 1929–31
أعضاء برلمان المملكة المتحدة 1931–35
أعضاء برلمان المملكة المتحدة 1935–45
مواليد 1884
نواب حزب العمال البريطاني عن الدوائر الانتخابية الإنجليزية
وفيات 1958
"Sunshine" Sonny Payne

"Sunshine" Sonny Payne
John William Payne (November 29, 1925 – February 10, 2018), better known as "Sunshine" Sonny Payne, was an American radio host, who had presented blues music as the host of the King Biscuit Time radio show on KFFA in Helena, Arkansas from 1951 until his death. In 2010 he was nominated for induction into the Blues Hall of Fame.
Life and career
John William Payne was born in Helena, the son of Gladys Swope Payne and William G. Payne. In 1940 he began working as a paper boy, and met and became friends with blues musicians Robert Lockwood, Jr. and Sonny Boy Williamson. He applied for work at radio station KFFA when it began operating in 1941, and started as a janitor and errand boy at the station two days before broadcasts began. In 1942, in the absence of the station's owner and announcer Sam Anderson, he also began reading commercials on the station's 15-minute slot sponsored by the King Biscuit Flour company, and began learning to play bass. Later that year, he lied about his age and joined the U.S. Army, going on to serve in the 75th Signal Battalion in the Aleutian Islands and New Guinea.
He left the armed forces in 1948 in San Antonio, Texas, and joined with guitarist friend Bud Davis to accompany Tex Ritter on tour. He worked as a bass player with Ritter, Harry James and others, touring and working in Chicago until 1951, when he returned to Helena and secured a job as an announcer at KFFA. That year, he began working as host of the King Biscuit Time show. By the time he began regular broadcasting, the show had already won a wide audience as a hugely influential medium for blues in the Delta at a time when little African-American music was heard on the air. Initially, blues musicians such as Sonny Boy Williamson mainly played live in the studio, and later the program switched primarily to playing records. The show's reputation grew over the years to international proportions, enhanced by Sonny Payne's off-the-cuff patter. He gained the nickname "Sunshine" after a grumpy on-air comment about the weather, when taking part one day in a live outside broadcast, was taken up as a running joke by Robert Lockwood Jr. It is currently broadcast from the KFFA studio located in the Delta Cultural Center in Helena. Payne died on February 10, 2018, at the age of 92, having suffered a stroke sometime recently.
Awards
Payne received the George Foster Peabody Award in 1992, for outstanding achievement in the field of radio and broadcast journalism. and twice received the Blues Foundation's Keeping the Blues Alive award. He was inducted into the Blues Foundation's Hall of Fame on May 5, 2010.
References
External links
Photo of Payne on the KFFA web site (archived version)
1925 births
2018 deaths
People from Helena, Arkansas
Radio personalities from Arkansas
United States Army personnel of World War II
Max Jensen

Max Jensen (1860; fl. until 1908), was a German marine painter. He was active from 1877–1908 and studied at the Berlin Academy of Arts, after which he continued his studies at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf. His paintings were shown at exhibitions in Germany, Denmark and Holland. Jensen lived in Berlin, but spent much time at the North Sea and Baltic coasts, observing marine landscapes.
References
19th-century German painters
19th-century German male artists
German male painters
Robert Davidson (Australian politician)

Robert Davidson (Australian politician)
Robert Davidson (4 September 1856 – 5 August 1931) was an Australian politician.
He was born in Mauchline in Ayrshire to fancy box manufacturer John Davidson and Mary Dalrymple. He attended the University of Glasgow and studied at the Free Church College. Arriving in Sydney in 1883, he married Jeanie Logan Muir on 31 August that year; they would have seven children. In 1884 he was ordained a minister in the Free Church of Scotland and given responsibility for Port Macquarie Parish, which he retained until his retirement in 1893 when he became proprietor of the Port Macquarie News. In 1901 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the Liberal member for Hastings and Macleay, serving until his retirement in 1910. He retired to Kiama, where he was buried after his death in Forbes in 1931.
References
1856 births
1931 deaths
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
People from Mauchline
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
19th-century Ministers of the Free Church of Scotland
Australian Presbyterian ministers
Australian newspaper proprietors
Scottish emigrants to Australia
20th-century Australian Presbyterian ministers
19th-century Australian Presbyterian ministers
20th-century Australian politicians
Peter Smit (writer)

Peter Smit (writer)
Peter Smit (born April 13, 1952, in Uitgeest) is a Dutch children's writer and publicist.
From 1997 to 2001, Smit belonged to the Foundation Board LIRA, and from 1998 to 2004 he sat on the board of the Association of Writers. Since 2004 he has been director of the Foundation P.C. Hooft Prize.
From 1995, Smit specialized in writing young adult novels. He also published many picture books for beginners and children with reading problems.
Works
Onbegonnen werk (1983)
Achter de dromer (1986)
De nachtboerderij (1989)
De Avondjes (1990)
Nooit meer gapen (1992)
De kattenmantel (1991)
Jan Janse Weltevree (1996)
Tips en Trucs van de Bende van de Zwarte Hand (2002)
Het 1000 vragen quizboek (2003)
Water bevriest bij nul graden (2004)
Grote Boek van de kleine feiten (2005)
Gouden Boek van Sinterklaas (2005)
Nationaal spreekbeurtenboek (2007)
Op avontuur met Kapitein Kwadraat (2010)
References
External links
Official site
1952 births
Living people
Dutch children's writers
People from Uitgeest
منتخب بوتسوانا للكريكت

منتخب بوتسوانا للكريكت هو ممثل بوتسوانا الرسمي في المنافسات الدولية في الكريكت .
تشكيلة المنتخب
قائمة اللاعبين
مراجع
الكريكت في بوتسوانا
بوتسوانا في كريكت دولية
منتخبات رياضية وطنية من بوتسوانا
منتخبات كريكت وطنية
ظافر (اسم)

ظافر (اسم)
ظافر هو اسم علم مذكر من أصل عربي، ومعناه هو اسم فاعل الفائز الغالب، وكان لقباً عند بعض القادة والخلفاء مثل الظافر بأمر الله الفاطمي (549هـ). فإسم ظافر أو الظافر عادة يستخدم في البادية أكثر من الحضر نظرا لتفضيل الأباء في البوادي بأن تكون كبيعة أسماء أبنائهم توحي بالقوة والشجاعة والبطولة وهو مايتناسق مع طبيعة الحياة التي يعيشونها ويفضلها سكان البادية.
الأصل اللغوي
شخصيات تحمل الاسم
ظافر أرجين (ممثل تركي، 30 أغسطس 1942 – )
ظافر أوزغولتيكين (لاعب كرة قدم تركي، 10 مارس 1975 – )
ظافر الحداد
ظافر العابدين (ممثل تونسي، 26 نوفمبر 1972 – )
ظافر العاني (سياسي عراقي، 1958 – )
ظافر القاسمي (1913 – )
ظافر بن جابر السكري
ظافر فرج (لاعب كرة قدم بحريني)
ظافر هانم (كاتبة تركية، القرن 20 – )
ظافر يوسف (موسيقي تونسي، 19 نوفمبر 1967 – )
انظر أيضًا
اسم العلم
الاسم الشخصي
اسم العائلة
اسم
كنية
لقب
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
موسوعة السلطان قابوس لأسماء العرب
أسماء ذكور عربية
Saad SC

Saad SC
Saad Sport Club is an Iraqi football team based in Ad-Dawr, Saladin, that plays in Iraq Division Three.
History
Lower divisions
Saad SC was founded on 5 November 1989 and admitted to the Iraq Division Three (fourth-tier of Iraqi football) after the withdrawal of one of the teams in that division. Saad won the Division Three and Division Two titles consecutively, and in the 1991–92 season they won the Iraq Division One title by beating Wahid Huzairan 1–0 in the final, securing promotion to the Iraqi Premier League.
In Premier League
Saad SC team played in the Iraqi Premier League for the first time in the 1992–93 season, and in that season the club's name was changed and played under the name (Al-Dawr Al-Ahli), and the team was not good enough, and with a strange decision, the team was excluded from the league, and was replaced by Sulaymaniya after 46 games, with Sulaymaniya adopting the results obtained by Al-Dawr Al-Ahli up to that point, and eventually relegated to the Iraq Division One.
Managerial history
Nihad Ghazi
Dhiaa Hussein
Mohammed Khalaf
Famous players
Rahim Bakr
Honours
Iraqi Division One (second tier)
Winners (1): 1991–92
Iraqi Division Two (third tier)
Winners (1): 1990–91
Iraqi Division Three (fourth tier)
Winners (1): 1989–90
References
External links
Saad (Al-Dawr Al-Ahli) SC on Goalzz.com
Iraq Clubs- Foundation Dates
1989 establishments in Iraq
Association football clubs established in 1989
Football clubs in Saladin
غوردون هاميلتون (راقص باليه)

غوردون هاميلتون (راقص باليه)
غوردون هاميلتون هو راقص باليه أسترالي، ولد في 1918، وتوفي في 14 فبراير 1959.
مراجع
أستراليون مغتربون في النمسا
أستراليون مغتربون في فرنسا
أشخاص من سيدني
راقصو باليه ذكور أستراليون
مواليد 1918
وفيات 1959
البطولة الوطنية للرأس الأخضر 2016

البطولة الوطنية للرأس الأخضر 2016 هو الموسم 36 من البطولة الوطنية للرأس الأخضر. كان عدد الأندية المشاركة فيه 12، وفاز فيه .
نتائج الموسم
مراجع
البطولة الوطنية للرأس الأخضر
دوريات كرة قدم إفريقية في 2015-16
كرة القدم الرأس الأخضرية في 2015–16
مواسم بطولة الرأس الأخضر لكرة القدم
Tamchakett

Tamchakett is a town and commune in the Hodh El Gharbi Region of south-central Mauritania.
Transport
The town is served by Tamchakett Airport.
Communes of Mauritania
وعي نقدي

وعي نقدي
الوعي النقدي هو مفهوم تعليمي واجتماعي شائع طوره المربي البرازيلي والمنظر التربوي باولو فريري، وهو يرتكز على النظرية النقدية لما بعد الماركسية. يركز الوعي النقدي على تحقيق فهم متعمق للعالم، مما يسمح بإدراك التناقضات الاجتماعية والسياسية وكشفها. يشمل الوعي النقدي أيضًا اتخاذ إجراءات ضد العناصر القمعية في حياة المرء التي ينيرها هذا الفهم.
المراجع
النظرية النقدية
تغير اجتماعي
علم التربية النقدي
فلسفة التربية
لغة برتغالية
Fahad Al-Munaif (footballer, born 1994)

Fahad Al-Munaif (footballer, born 1994)
Fahad Ibrahim Al-Munaif (born 10 May 1994) is a Saudi footballer who plays as a defender for Al-Suqoor.
On 16 June 2022, Al-Munaif joined Al-Riyadh. On 19 September 2023, Al-Munaif joined Al-Suqoor.
References
External links
Living people
1994 births
Saudi Arabian men's footballers
Al Faisaly FC players
Al-Nojoom FC players
Al-Orobah FC players
Al-Qaisumah FC players
Al-Kawkab FC players
Al-Adalah FC players
Al-Riyadh SC players
Al-Suqoor FC players
Place of birth missing (living people)
Saudi First Division League players
Saudi Pro League players
Saudi Second Division players
Men's association football defenders
J. Reginald Murphy

J. Reginald Murphy
John Reginald Murphy (born 1933), usually known as Reg Murphy, is a publisher and business executive.
Professional life
Journalism and editing
A native of Gainesville, Georgia and a graduate of Mercer University, Murphy began his career in journalism with the Macon Telegraph. He became editor of the Atlanta Constitution, editor and publisher of The San Francisco Examiner, and publisher and CEO of The Baltimore Sun.
Murphy was president and CEO of the National Geographic Society from 1996 to 1998.
Golf
From 1994 to 1995, Murphy served as the president of the United States Golf Association. He authored a biography of Griffin Bell, Uncommon Sense: The Achievement of Griffin Bell.
Academics
On 2012 he served as Executive-in-Residence at the College of Coastal Georgia.
Kidnapping
Murphy was kidnapped on February 20, 1974, at the age of 40, and was freed two days later after the Atlanta Constitution paid $700,000 ransom.
Murphy was well known for his stance against the Vietnam War, but the motive for the kidnapping is still unknown. William A. H. Williams was arrested for the crime only six hours after Murphy was released, and all of the money was recovered.
Williams was convicted and sentenced to 40 years in jail but served only nine; his wife Betty received probation for not reporting her husband to police. Williams claimed to represent a right-wing militia group called The American Revolutionary Army, protesting against "too leftist and too liberal" media outlets and a government which was a “fraud and a murderer on a mass scale”, and sought to have all federal elected officials resign.
On 2019, contacted by a journalist, Williams apologised for the kidnapping.
Family
Murphy has a wife named Diana and two daughters.
See also
List of kidnappings
References
1933 births
1970s missing person cases
20th-century American journalists
American male journalists
Formerly missing people
The Atlanta Journal-Constitution people
American people taken hostage
Kidnapped businesspeople
Living people
Missing person cases in Vietnam
People from Gainesville, Georgia
The Baltimore Sun people
1998 Copa Perú

1998 Copa Perú
The 1998 Copa Perú season, the promotion tournament of Peruvian football.
The tournament has 5 stages. The first four stages are played as mini-league round-robin tournaments, except for third stage in region IV, which is played as a knockout stage. The final stage features two knockout rounds and a final four-team group stage to determine the two promoted teams.
The 1998 Peru Cup started with the District Stage on February. The next stage was the Provincial Stage which started, on June. The tournament continued with the Departmental Stage on July. The Regional Staged followed. The National Stage started on November. The winner and runner-up of the National Stage will be promoted to the First Division.
Departmental Stage
The following list shows the teams that qualified for the Regional Stage.
Regional Stage
The following list shows the teams that qualified for the Regional Stage.
Region I
Region I includes qualified teams from Amazonas, Lambayeque, Tumbes and Piura region.
Group A
Playoff
Group B
Final Group
Playoff
Region II
Region II includes qualified teams from Ancash, Cajamarca and La Libertad region.
Playoff
Region III
Region III includes qualified teams from Loreto, San Martín and Ucayali region.
Playoff
Region IV
Region IV includes qualified teams from Callao, Ica and Lima region.
Playoff
Region V
Region V includes qualified teams from Huánuco, Junín and Pasco region.
Note: Originally Señor de Puelles (8 pts) won the group. But after a complaint by Hidro, this team received 3 pts from its match against Señor de Puelles, hence obtaining first place.
Region VI
Region VI includes qualified teams from Apurímac, Ayacucho and Huancavelica region.
Playoff
Region VII
Region VII includes qualified teams from Cusco, Madre de Dios and Puno region.
Playoff
Region VIII
Region VIII includes qualified teams from Arequipa, Moquegua and Tacna region.
Note: Because both teams were already eliminated, Senati and Peñarol agreed to not play their match.
National Stage
The National Stage started in November. The winners of the National Stage will be promoted to the First Division.
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Finals
External links
Copa Peru 1998
Copa Perú seasons
Cop
سيرافيم نيفيز

سيرافيم نيفيز
سيرافيم داس نيفيز (بالبرتغالية: Serafim das Neves؛ 29 أغسطس 1920 – 1989) كان لاعب كرة قدم برتغاليًا لعب كمدافع.
المراجع
وصلات خارجية
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية برتغاليون
مدافعو كرة قدم رجالية
لاعبو الدوري البرتغالي الممتاز
لاعبو كرة قدم برتغاليون
لاعبو منتخب البرتغال لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي بيليننسش
دوتاما (آيت بوستة)

دوتاما (آيت بوستة)
دوتاما هو دُوَّار يقع بجماعة سيدي غانم، إقليم الصويرة، جهة مراكش آسفي في المملكة المغربية. ينتمي الدوّار لمشيخة آيت بوستة التي تضم 4 دواوير. يقدر عدد سكانه بـ 616 نسمة حسب الإحصاء الرسمي للسكان والسكنى لسنة 2004.
مراجع
روابط خارجية
البوابة الوطنية للجماعات الترابية
المندوبية السامية للتخطيط
أماكن مأهولة في آيت بوستة (سيدي غانم)
هاري فوس

هاري فوس (مواليد ) هو لاعب كرة قدم. يلعب مع منتخب هولندا لكرة القدم. سبق له أن لعب في كأس العالم لكرة القدم مع منتخب بلاده.
روابط خارجية
مراجع
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية هولنديون
مدافعو كرة قدم رجالية
لاعبو بي إس في آيندهوفن
لاعبو أدو دين هاغ
لاعبو الدوري الهولندي الدرجة الأولى
لاعبو فاينورد
لاعبو كأس العالم 1974
لاعبو كرة قدم من لاهاي
لاعبو كرة قدم هولنديون
لاعبون فائزون بكأس الاتحاد الأوروبي
مواليد 1946
وفيات 2010
وفيات السرطان في هولندا
ليونارد إدوارد ماسون

ليونارد إدوارد ماسون هو عالم إنسان أمريكي، ولد في 1913، وتوفي في 8 أكتوبر 2005.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة هاواي
خريجو جامعة ييل
علماء أنثروبولوجيا في القرن 20
علماء إنسان أمريكيون
مواليد 1913
وفيات 2005
كالين كار

كالين كار (4 أكتوبر 1982 بأوكلاند في الولايات المتحدة - ) هو لاعب كرة قدم أمريكي في مركز الهجوم. لعب مع شيكاغو فاير وهيوستن دينامو و.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أفارقة أمريكيون في القرن 20
أفارقة أمريكيون في القرن 21
رياضيون أمريكيون أفارقة في القرن 21
رياضيون من بيركيلي (كاليفورنيا)
لاعبو الدوري الأمريكي لكرة القدم
لاعبو الدوري الأمريكي لكرة القدم الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو شيكاغو فاير
لاعبو كرة قدم أفارقة أمريكيون
لاعبو كرة قدم أمريكيون
لاعبو كرة قدم من بيركيلي (كاليفورنيا)
لاعبو كرة قدم من كاليفورنيا
لاعبو هيوستن دينامو
مسجلو بث صوتي أمريكيون
مواليد 1982
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية أمريكيون أفارقة
United Nations Security Council Resolution 229

United Nations Security Council Resolution 229 was adopted on December 2, 1966 after a closed meeting to select the Secretary-General. The Council, "conscious of the proven qualities of high sense of duty of U Thant, and believing that his reappointment would be most conductive to the larger interests and purposes of the Organization", recommended the appointment of U Thant for another term as Secretary-General.
See also
United Nations Secretary-General selection, 1961#1966 selection
List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 201 to 300 (1965–1971)
References
Text of the Resolution at undocs.org
External links
0229
0229
December 1966 events
Albrecht Joseph

Albrecht Joseph (1901–1991) was a German playwright, screenwriter and film editor.
Biography
Due to his Jewish heritage Joseph was forced to leave Germany following the Nazi Party's takeover in 1933. He initially went to Austria and then on to Italy and Britain. He finally settled in the United States in 1939 and was employed occasionally in Hollywood where he was sometimes credited as Al Joseph. His final work was on the western television series Gunsmoke, editing over a hundred and fifty episodes.
Selected filmography
The Captain from Köpenick (1931)
Peter Voss, Thief of Millions (1932)
Tell Me Tonight (1932)
The Song of Night (1932)
The Secret of Cavelli (1934)
Fresh Wind from Canada (1935)
Girls in Distress (1939)
Three Russian Girls (1943)
Hitler's Madman (1943)
A Scandal in Paris (1946)
Loan Shark (1952)
Second Chance (1953)
The Great Man (1956)
Desert Hell (1958)
References
Bibliography
Robert von Dassanowsky. Austrian Cinema: A History. McFarland, 2005.
External links
Mass media people from Frankfurt
1901 births
1991 deaths
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
Community Justice (Scotland) Act 2016

Community Justice (Scotland) Act 2016
The Community Justice (Scotland) Act 2016 is an Act of the Scottish Parliament passed in February 2016 to make provision for new community justice arrangements. The Act established a new national body to oversee community justice and it introduced requirements about achieving outcomes that were set locally and nationally.
History
The bill was introduced on 7 May 2015 by Michael Matheson, the Cabinet Secretary for Justice.
In September 2015, a report was publisher by the Ministerial Group on Offender Reintegration. There bill was also some flexibility introduced around the date of release, to better match available support in the community.
The justice committee considered how the legislation might make provision for 32 local community planning partnerships (CPPs) taking on new responsibilities without any new funding for them to do this. The legislation established a new national body, Community Justice Scotland.
The legislation was passed unanimously on 11 February 2016.
It received Royal Assent on 21 March 2016.
References
External links
Progress of the bill at Scottish Parliament
Acts of the Scottish Parliament 2016
Penal system in Scotland
Crime prevention
ميتوسوم

ميتوسوم
الميتوسوم هو عضية خلوية تتواجد لدى بعض الكائنات وحيدة الخلية حقيقة النوى، اكتُشفت سنة 1999، وسُميت كريبتون من قبل أحد المجموعات لكن ذلك الاسم لم يعد مستخدما. وظيفة الميتوسوم لم تُحدد بشكل جيد لحد الآن.
لوحظ الميتوسوم في الكائنات اللاهوائية أو الكائنات أليفة الهواء القليل التي لا تملك متقدرات. لا تملك هذه الكائنات القدرة اكتساب الطاقة من الفسفرة التأكسدية التي تقوم بها المتقدرات عادة. وُصف الميتوسوم لأول مرة لدى المتحولة الحالة للنسيج وهي كائن طفيلي في أمعاء الإنسان. تم العثور على الميتوسومات كذلك لدى العديد من أنواع البويغيات ولدى الجياردية الإثني عشرية.
الأصل والوظيفة
تفرعت الميتوسومات -بشكل شبه مؤكد- من المتقدرات. ومثل هذه الأخيرة، تملك الميتوسومات غشاءً مزدوجا ويتم توصيل معظم البروتينات إليها عبر تسلسل أحماض أمينية محدد للهدف. تسلسل تحديد الهدف مماثل لنظيره المستخدم لاستهداف المتقدرات، ويمكن لتسلسلات استهداف المتقدرة الحقيقة توصيل البروتينات إلى الميتوسومات. اتضح أن عددا من البروتينات المرتبطة بالميتوسومات ذات قرب وثيق بنظائرها لدى المتقدرات أو الهيدروجينوسومات (وهي كذلك متقدرات منتكسة فقدت معظم وظائفها).
تشير المعلومات الحالية إلى أن الميتوسومات على الأرجح تلعب دورا في تجميع عنقود الحديد-كبريت، وذلك لأنها لا تحتوي على أي من البروتينات التي لها دور في وظائف المتقدرة الأساسية (التنفس الهوائي، تخليق الهيم) وتحتوي على البروتينات المطلوبة لتخليق عنقود Fe-S (مثل فرتكسين، نازعة سلفيدريل السيستئين، Isu1، وHsp70 المتقدري).
عكس المتقدرات، لا تملك الميتوسومات جينات (دنا) بداخلها، وجينات المكونات الميتوسومية تتواجد في الجينوم النووي بالنواة. اقترح تقرير أولي قديم تواجد الدنا في هذه العضية، لكن أبحاثا حديثة أظهرت أن ذلك غير صحيح.
مراجع
عضيات خلوية