PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
جيم بيترز (عداء مراثوني)

جيم بيترز (عداء مراثوني)
جيم بيترز (و. ) هو عداء مراثوني، ومنافس ألعاب قوى من المملكة المتحدة، والمملكة المتحدة لبريطانيا العظمى وأيرلندا، ولد في حي هكني في لندن، شارك في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1952، والألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1948، توفي عن عمر يناهز 81 عاماً.
روابط خارجية
مراجع
حاملو أرقام قياسية سابقة في ألعاب القوى
رياضيو المسار والميدان في دورة ألعاب الكومنولث والإمبراطورية البريطانية 1954
رياضيون (الميدان والمضمار) شاركوا في دورة الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1948
رياضيون (الميدان والمضمار) شاركوا في دورة الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1952
رياضيون من لندن
عداؤو ماراثون إنجليز
عداؤو ماراثون بريطانيون
عداؤو مسافات طويلة إنجليز
عداؤو مسافات طويلة بريطانيون
فائزون بميداليات برونزية في ألعاب الكومنولث من إنجلترا
فائزون بميداليات في ألعاب الكومنولث في ألعاب القوى
لاعبو قوى أولمبيون من بريطانيا العظمى
لاعبو قوى من لندن
مواليد 1918
وفيات 1999
فائزون بميداليات في دورة ألعاب الكومنولث والإمبراطورية البريطانية 1954
آروانجن

آروانجن ، هي قرية وبلدية في مقاطعة أوبيرارجو، كانتون برن، سويسرا.
التاريخ
تم ذكر آروانجن لأول مرة في عام 1255 باسم فيلا آروانجن.
المراجع
روابط خارجية
الموقع الرسمي لـ Aarwangen
برن: شلوس أروانجن - لو شاتو دي أروانجن
أماكن مأهولة على ضفاف نهر الآر
بلديات كانتون برن
مقالات مع مصادر باللغة الألمانية (de)
Horse (zodiac)

Horse (zodiac)
The Horse (⾺) is the seventh of the 12-year cycle of animals which appear in the Chinese zodiac related to the Chinese calendar. There is a long tradition of the Horse in Chinese mythology. Certain characteristics of the Horse nature are supposed to be typical of or to be associated with either a year of the Horse and its events, or in regard to the personality of someone born in such a year. Horse aspects can also enter by other chronomantic factors or measures, such as hourly. The year of the horse is associated with the Earthly Branch symbol 午.
History
The lunar calendar paved the sequence of the Chinese zodiac animals. This calendar can be traced back to the 14th century B.C. Myths say that Emperor Huangdi, the first Chinese emperor, in 2637 B.C. invented the Chinese lunar calendar, which follows the cycles of the moon. In a folklore story that explains the origins of the cycle, the animals hold a race to determine their order. The custom of pairing an animal with a year in a 12-year cycle can be traced back to at least the Han dynasty (201 BC – 220 AD), and there are many legends and folktales surrounding the 12 zodiac animals, which are often depicted in East Asian art and design. A group of Chinese figures in our collection shows the zodiac animals with human bodies but animal heads. This way of portraying them became popular in the Tang dynasty (8th century).
Years and the Five Elements
People born within these date ranges can be said to have been born in the "Year of the Horse", while also bearing the following elemental sign:
Basic astrology elements
See also
Burmese zodiac
Chinese astrology
Chinese New Year
Horse
Horse worship
Horses in Chinese culture
Fire Horse
Notes
References
Hale, Gill (2002). The Practical Encyclopedia of Feng Shui. New York: Barnes and Noble Books.
“V&A · The Lunar Zodiac.” Victoria and Albert Museum, https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/the-lunar-zodiac#slideshow=8683334511&slide=0.
“Chinese Zodiac: Cultural Significance.” Chinese Zodiac | Cultural Significance, https://depts.washington.edu/triolive/quest/2007/TTQ07030/culture.html.
Chiao, Fefe Ho & Chloe, et al. “Year of the Horse: Fortune and Personality – Chinese Zodiac.” Chinese New Year, https://chinesenewyear.net/zodiac/horse/.
External links
Chinese astrological signs
Vietnamese astrological signs
Horses in mythology
Horses in Chinese mythology
أنجيلو مارتينو كولومبو

أنجيلو مارتينو كولومبو (16 مايو 1935 بجاتينارا في إيطاليا - 13 مارس 2014 بفيرتشيلي في إيطاليا) هو لاعب كرة قدم إيطالي في مركز حراسة المرمى. لعب مع نادي برو فيرتشيلي ونادي كالياري ونادي مسينا وهيلاس فيرونا ويوفنتوس و.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
حراس مرمى كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص من جاتينارا
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي
لاعبو برو فيرتشيلي
لاعبو كالياري
لاعبو كرة قدم إيطاليون
لاعبو كرة قدم من بييمونتي
لاعبو نادي مسينا
لاعبو هيلاس فيرونا
لاعبو يوفنتوس
مواليد 1935
وفيات 2014
Janusz Meissner

Janusz Meissner (pen name: "porucznik Herbert," English: "Flt Lt Herbert"; 21 January 1901 in Warsaw – 28 February 1978 in Kraków) was a Polish writer and journalist, and a pilot of Polish Air Force.
Life
In late 1919 Meissner completed pilot training at Kraków's Lower Pilot School (Niższa Szkoła Pilotów), and in March 1920, at Poznań's Higher Pilot School (Wyższa Szkoła Pilotów). From July 1920 he served in the Polish-Soviet War, in the newly formed Toruńska Eskadra Wywiadowcza (Toruń Reconnaissance Squadron) in the rank of pilot sergeant. For his combat flight of 16 July 1920, he was decorated with the – newly introduced – Cross of Valor, and promoted to lieutenant.
After the Polish-Soviet War he participated in the preparations for the Third Silesian Uprising and in actual terror operations beginning 2/3 May 1921, commanding a special-forces detachment of the Wawelberg Group. For his contribution to the success of the Uprising, he was decorated with the Virtuti Militari (Poland's highest military decoration), 5th class, on 27 June 1922, and with the Cross of Independence with Swords.
After the Silesian Uprisings he was discharged from the army and returned to civilian life. After an unsuccessful attempt to become a businessman he returned to the military in 1922 and remained until 1946. He served as chief pilot in Polish Air Force Academy (Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Sił Powietrznych). From 1944 he was an officer in the RAF. In 1946 he returned to Poland to live in Zakopane. In 1956 he moved to Kraków, where he died.
He left two sons: Andrzej and Jerzy.
Works
Books in Polish
Meissner is most known as the author of 48 popular books on flying, pilots, sea, pirates, sport, as well as hunting.
Szkoła orląt ("School of Eagles")
L jak Lucy (L for Lucy)
Żądło Genowefy (G – for Genevieve)
trilogy: Czarna bandera, Czerwone krzyże, Zielona brama ("Black Ensign", "Red Crosses", "Green Gate")
Trzy diamenty
Sześciu z "Daru Pomorza"
Movies
Meissner was a writer of:
Gwiaździsta eskadra (about flying)
Orzeł (about submarines)
Sprawa pilota Maresza (about flying)
Wraki (about diving)
Books in English
Notes
References
Zdzislaw P. Wesolowski, The Order of the Virtuti Militari and Its Cavaliers, 1792–1992, Miami, Hallmark Press, 1992, .
1901 births
1978 deaths
Polish aviators
Royal Air Force officers
Polish people of the Polish–Soviet War
Recipients of the Order of the Banner of Work
Recipients of the Cross of Independence with Swords
Military personnel from Warsaw
Writers from Warsaw
Burials at Salwator Cemetery
Carlos Amarilla

Carlos Amarilla
Carlos Arecio Amarilla Demarqui (born 26 October 1970) is a football referee from Paraguay. Amarilla has been a referee since 1997 and his first international game was between Uruguay and Ecuador. In the 2006 FIFA World Cup he took charge of the opening Group E match between the United States and the Czech Republic, and the Group G match between Switzerland and Togo. Amarilla was not chosen to officiate Knockout Round matches.
He was the referee in the first qualifying match for the 2010 World Cup between Colombia and Brazil (14 October 2007).
He was pre-selected as a referee for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Amarilla was chosen to officiate at the finals, but withdrew following the failure of a fitness test by his assistant referees.
On 11 September 2012, he officiated a 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifying match between Uruguay and Ecuador.
On 15 May 2013, he also officiated Copa Libertadores 2013's Round of 16 match between Corinthians and Boca Juniors (1-1). The Brazilian team ended up eliminated after the aggregated score.
Besides being a FIFA referee, Amarilla is an electrical engineer by trade.
References
External links
FIFA Profile
Welfussball Profile
1970 births
Living people
Paraguayan football referees
2006 FIFA World Cup referees
Copa América referees
Place of birth missing (living people)
العطف (المحمودية)

العطف (المحمودية)
قرية العطف هي إحدى القرى التابعة لمركز المحمودية في محافظة البحيرة في جمهورية مصر العربية. حسب إحصاءات سنة 2006، بلغ إجمالي السكان في العطف 7712 نسمة، منهم 3902 رجل و3810 امرأة.
التاريخ
قرية العطف من القرى القديمة، حيث وردت باسم «العطف» في أعمال البحيرة ضمن قرى الروك الصلاحي التي أحصاها ابن مماتي في كتاب قوانين الدواوين، كما وردت باسم «العطف» في أعمال فوه والمزاحمتين ضمن قرى الروك الناصري التي أحصاها ابن الجيعان في كتاب «التحفة السنية بأسماء البلاد المصرية». وفي العصر العثماني وردت باسم «العطف» في التربيع العثماني الذي أجراه الوالي العثماني سليمان باشا الخادم في عصر السلطان العثماني سليمان القانوني ضمن قرى ولاية البحيرة، وفي تاريخ 1228هـ/1813م الذي عدّ قرى مصر بعد المسح الذي قام به محمد علي باشا باسم «العطف» ضمن قرى مديرية البحيرة.
طالع أيضا
محافظة البحيرة
قائمة قرى محافظة البحيرة
المصادر
قرى المحمودية
Khiyam al-Walid

Khiyam al-Walid was a Palestinian Arab village in the Safad Subdistrict located northeast of Safad along the Syrian border. It was on situated on a hill above sea level on the eastern edge of the Hula Valley. In 1945, there were 280 predominantly Muslim inhabitants. It was depopulated during the 1948 Palestine War.
History
The name of the village in Arabic is translated as "the tents of al-Walid", which may refer to the Arab Muslim commander Khalid ibn al-Walid (d. 642). According to local tradition, a shrine and the tomb of the sage Shaykh ibn al-Walid was located in the village mosque.
British Mandate era
In the 1931 census of Palestine the population of Khiyam al-Walid was 181, all Muslims, in a total of 42 houses.
Khiyam al Walid was classified as a hamlet by the Palestine Index Gazeteer. During the British Mandate period, many of the houses were situated along the road to the nearby village of az-Zawiya. There was a good water source to the east, and the village consequently expanded in that direction. In a 1945 survey, the village was made up of a total 4,215 dunams. Despite its entire population being Arab, 92% of its land was Jewish-owned.
Types of land use in dunams in the village in the 1945 statistics:
The land ownership of the village before occupation in dunams:
1948, aftermath
According to an Israeli military report in June 1948, the residents fled on May 1 in anticipation of an attack by Israeli forces. It was occupied by the end of may in Operation Yiftach.
Palestinian historian Walid Khalidi wrote of the remains of the village in 1992, saying "The site is deserted and overgrown with grass and thorns. There are a few carob trees, piles of stones, and crumbled terraces."
References
Bibliography
External links
Welcome To Khiyam al-Walid
Khiyam al-Walid, Zochrot
Khiayam al-Walid at Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center
Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War
District of Safad
Ali Baba (writer)

Ali Baba (writer)
Ali Baba, (1940 – 8 August 2016) was a renowned short story writer, novelist, poet and playwright of Sindhi including Urdu-language. He received awards for Pride of Performance . He died on 8 August 2016 due to heart attack in his home Karachi.
Early life
Ali Baba's actual name was Ali Muhammad and he was born to Muhammed Ramzan Rind at Kotri, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan in 1940. His parents migrated from Balochistan to Sehwan Sharif Sindh. Afterward they made Kotri as permanent residence. He got primary education from Nango line primary school Kotri and matriculation from Sher Dil Khan Municipal High school Kotri. His father served in railway department. He also served as clerk but resigned. Later he joined as Assistant Manager in a textile mill. He left this job as well. He started writing from 1965.
Notable works
He was notable for the following works:
Dharti Dhikana
Mohenjo Daro
Dungi Manjh Darya
Death
He died on 8 August 2016 in Karachi.
References
1940 births
2016 deaths
Pakistani novelists
Pakistani television writers
People from Jamshoro District
Sindhi-language writers
Anna Eliza Hardy

Anna Eliza Hardy (January 26, 1839 – December 15, 1934) was a painter prominent in a 19th-century school of painters in Bangor, Maine. She was the daughter and collaborator of Jeremiah Pearson Hardy, himself a prominent portrait painter in Bangor. and Catherine Sears Wheeler Hardy. She was born in Bangor, Maine, the youngest of four children and the only daughter in the family. Hardy died in Jamaica Plain, Mass. after a long painting career.
Hardy was especially known for her floral paintings, of which The Roses is one of the most well-known. Hardy also taught art and guided other female painters, including Charlotte Baldwin, Grace Hemenway, Florence Jennison, Nellie Lincoln, Mary Merrill, Katherine Parker Stewart, and Emma Webb, in the art of florals. She focused her energy mostly on detailed still life paintings, but as her vision began to fail, she started to create less detailed pieces.
External links
Examples of her work
References
1839 births
1934 deaths
Artists from Bangor, Maine
Painters from Maine
19th-century American painters
19th-century American women artists
20th-century American painters
20th-century American women artists
American still life painters
American women painters
Valeria Bianchi

Valeria Bianchi (born 16 September 1985) is an Argentine handball player. She defends Argentina, such as at the 2011 World Women's Handball Championship in Brazil.
References
External links
1985 births
Living people
Argentine female handball players
Argentine sportspeople of Italian descent
Handball players at the 2011 Pan American Games
Handball players at the 2015 Pan American Games
Pan American Games silver medalists for Argentina
Pan American Games medalists in handball
Medalists at the 2015 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2011 Pan American Games
جنبي صفاقي

جنبي صفاقي أو جنبوي صفاقي هوَ مصطلح طبي يَرتبط بالتجويف الجنبي وَالغشاء المصلي البطني (الصفاق). يُفصل عن التامور بواسطة حاجز مُستعرض.
مراجع
علم الأحياء الغشائي
مصطلحات طبية
Jaidon Anthony

Jaidon Anthony
Jaidon Kya Denley Anthony (born 1 December 1999) is an English professional footballer who plays as a left winger or forward for EFL Championship club Leeds United on loan from club AFC Bournemouth.
Club career
Early career
Born in Hackney, London, Anthony spent ten years in Arsenal's academy, alongside players including Emile Smith Rowe and Reiss Nelson, before joining AFC Bournemouth in 2016 after a successful trial period.
AFC Bournemouth
On 31 January 2020, Anthony joined National League South side Weymouth on loan for the remainder of the season. He made his debut for the Terras in a 5–1 win over Maidstone United on 29 February 2020 and scored the first and only goal of his brief loan spell in a 3–2 win over Dorking Wanderers on 25 July 2020.
Anthony made his debut for the Cherries on 2 December 2020 against Preston North End at the Vitality Stadium, where he assisted a goal for Sam Surridge in a 2–3 loss for the Cherries. On 31 July 2021, Anthony made his first competitive start for Bournemouth in the club's 5–0 win over Milton Keynes Dons in the EFL Cup.
First team breakthrough
On 6 August 2021, Anthony made his first league start for Bournemouth in their 2–2 draw with West Bromwich Albion in the Championship, where he also grabbed an assist. Anthony started the next league game against Nottingham Forest, grabbing another assist in a 1–2 victory for the Cherries. Bournemouth manager Scott Parker commented on Anthony that "He's shown good quality ... he's got his opportunity and at this present moment he's taken it ... Every bit of me suggests that this boy has got a key role to play this year". He scored his first goal for Bournemouth in a 2–0 win at Birmingham City on 18 August 2021.
Anthony continued a strong start to the season by winning the club's player of the month award for November, scoring four goals and getting one assist during this period. For his performances, Anthony was also nominated as the EFL Championship Player of the Month for November, losing out to Chris Willock of Queens Park Rangers.
Loan to Leeds United
On 2 September 2023, it was announced that Leeds United had signed Anthony from Bournemouth on a season-long loan swap deal with Luis Sinisterra. He scored his first league goal for the club on 23 September 2023 in a 3-0 home win over Watford.
Career statistics
Honours
AFC Bournemouth
Championship runner-up: 2021–22
References
External links
Profile at the AFC Bournemouth website
1999 births
Living people
Footballers from Greater London
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Arsenal F.C. players
AFC Bournemouth players
Weymouth F.C. players
Leeds United F.C. players
Premier League players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Black British sportsmen
English people of Jamaican descent
وفود النعمان على كسرى أنوشروان

وفود النعمان على كسرى أنوشروان هي رواية كتبها محمد عزة دروزة.
الروايةُ قوميّةٌ تمجّد العروبة وتعبّر عن المطامح القومية والرغبة في النهوض، وتبوأ المكانة اللائقة.
روايات بالعربية
بام مارشال

بام مارشال هي منافسة ألعاب القوى أمريكية، ولدت في 16 أغسطس 1960 في في الولايات المتحدة.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أمريكيات في القرن 21
حائزون على ميداليات في بطولة العالم لألعاب القوى
رياضيون (الميدان والمضمار) شاركوا في دورة الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1988
رياضيون أولمبيون في الميدان والمضمار من الولايات المتحدة
عداءات سريعات أمريكيات
فائزون بميداليات ذهبية في بطولة العالم لألعاب القوى
مواليد 1960
Virial stress

Virial stress is a measure of mechanical stress on an atomic scale for homogeneous systems.
The expression of the (local) virial stress can be derived as the functional derivative of the free energy of a molecular system with respect to the deformation tensor.
Volume averaged Definition
The instantaneous volume averaged virial stress is given by
where
and are atoms in the domain,
is the volume of the domain,
is the mass of atom k,
is the ith component of the velocity of atom k,
is the jth component of the average velocity of atoms in the volume,
is the ith component of the position of atom k, and
is the ith component of the force applied on atom by atom .
At zero kelvin, all velocities are zero so we have
.
This can be thought of as follows. The τ11 component of stress is the force in the x1-direction divided by the area of a plane perpendicular to that direction. Consider two adjacent volumes separated by such a plane. The 11-component of stress on that interface is the sum of all pairwise forces between atoms on the two sides.
The volume averaged virial stress is then the ensemble average of the instantaneous volume averaged virial stress.
In a three dimensional, isotropic system, at equilibrium the "instantaneous" atomic pressure is usually defined as the average over the diagonals of the negative stress tensor:
The pressure then is the ensemble average of the instantaneous pressure
This pressure is the average pressure in the volume .
Equivalent Definition
It's worth noting that some articles and textbook use a slightly different but equivalent version of the equation
where is the ith component of the vector oriented from the th atoms to the kth calculated via the difference
Both equation being strictly equivalent, the definition of the vector can still lead to confusion.
Derivation
The virial pressure can be derived, using the virial theorem and splitting forces between particles and the container or, alternatively, via direct application of the defining equation and using scaled coordinates in the calculation.
Inhomogeneous Systems
If the system is not homogeneous in a given volume the above (volume averaged) pressure is not a good measure for the pressure. In inhomogeneous systems the pressure depends on the position and orientation of the surface on which the pressure acts. Therefore, in inhomogeneous systems a definition of a local pressure is needed. As a general example for a system with inhomogeneous pressure you can think of the pressure in the atmosphere of the earth which varies with height.
Instantaneous local virial stress
The (local) instantaneous virial stress is given by:
Measuring the virial pressure in molecular simulations
The virial pressure can be measured via the formulas above or using volume rescaling trial moves.
See also
Virial theorem
References
External links
Physical Interpretation of the volume averaged Virial Stress
Computer Simulation of Liquids
Continuum mechanics
جوزي أوغو

جوزي أوغو (22 أبريل 1993 بأكسفورد في المملكة المتحدة - ) هو لاعب كرة قدم بريطاني في مركز الهجوم في نادي جدة. لعب مع إبسفليت يونايتد ودونفرملين أثلتيك وشروزبري تاون ونادي ريدنغ ويوفل تاون ونادي بليموث أرجايل وويكمب وندررز.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في السعودية
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إنجليز مغتربون
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
إنجليز من أصل نيجيري
رياضيون إنجليز سود
رياضيون إنجليز مغتربون في السعودية
رياضيون إنجليز من أصل نيجيري
رياضيون بريطانيون سود
رياضيون من أكسفورد
لاعبو الدوري الوطني (كرة القدم الإنجليزية)
لاعبو إبسفليت يونايتد
لاعبو بليموث أرغايل
لاعبو بوريهام وود إف سي
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الإنجليزي
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى السعودي
لاعبو دوري كرة القدم الإسكتلندي للمحترفين
لاعبو دونفرملين أثلتيك
لاعبو ريث روفرز
لاعبو شروزبري تاون
لاعبو كرة قدم إنجليز
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إنجليز
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون إنجليز
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في السعودية
لاعبو كرة قدم من أكسفورد
لاعبو نادي تشيسترفيلد
لاعبو نادي جدة
لاعبو نادي ريدينغ
لاعبو نادي غرينوك مورتون
لاعبو نادي وكينغ
لاعبو ويكمب وندررز
لاعبو يوفل تاون
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
مواليد 1993
فاريا

فاريا هي قرية لبنانية من قرى قضاء كسروان في محافظة جبل لبنان.
المناخ
يظهر الجدول التالي التغييرات المناخية على مدار السنة لفاريا:
أعلام
آن ماري سلامة
المراجع
أماكن مأهولة في قضاء كسروان
أماكن مأهولة في لبنان
تجمعات مارونية في لبنان
مدن لبنان
Aethionema retsina

Aethionema retsina is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae. It is found only in Greece. Its natural habitats are Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation and rocky shores. It is threatened by habitat loss.
References
retsina
Flora of Greece
Critically endangered plants
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Ahmed Hifzi Pasha

Ahmed Hifzi Pasha (1832 – 1900) was an Ottoman field marshal, who was the Commander-in-Chief of the Ottoman Army that defeated the Greeks on the Epirus front in the Greco-Turkish War (1897). He was also the commander in the Battle of Gorni Dubnik in October 1877, the governor of Kosovo between June 1881 and July 1898, and the governor of Ioannina between October 1889 and October 1897.
References
1832 births
1900 deaths
Ottoman Army generals
Turks from the Ottoman Empire
Pashas
Governors of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman military personnel of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
Ottoman military personnel of the Greco-Turkish War (1897)
إدي دولينج

إدي دولينج هو ممثل أمريكي، ولد في 11 ديسمبر 1889 في ونسوكت في الولايات المتحدة، وتوفي في 18 فبراير 1976 في سميثفيلد في الولايات المتحدة.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أشخاص من سميثفيلد (رود آيلاند)
أشخاص من ونسوكت (رود آيلاند)
أمريكيون من أصل أيرلندي
أمريكيون من أصل كندي فرنسي
مؤدو الفودفيل
ممثلو مسرح أمريكيون
ممثلون أمريكيون في القرن 20
ممثلون ذكور من أصل أيرلندي
مواليد 1889
وفيات 1976
وفيات مرتبطة بالمرض في رود آيلاند
List of Shorea species

List of Shorea species
This is a complete listing of Shorea species as accepted in Plants of the World Online as of July 2019. The subgeneric classification follows Ashton (2004) and covers only species native to northern Borneo, with some Sri Lankan species added. The timber groups classified according to the system proposed by Symington in the early 1940s.
Based on phylogenomic analyses showing that genus Shorea sensu Ashton (1982) is polyphyletic, in 2022 Ashton and Heckenhauer proposed reviving the former genera Doona Thwaites, Pentacme A.DC., and Richetia F.Heim, and raising Shorea section Anthoshorea to genus rank. Plants of the World Online currently recognizes Anthoshorea, Doona, and Pentacme as separate genera.
Shorea classification
References
Ashton, P.S. Dipterocarpaceae. In Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak, Volume 5, 2004. Soepadmo, E., Saw, L.G. and Chung, R.C.K. eds. Government of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Sorting Shorea names
Shorea