Sphaeropsis

Sphaeropsis
The Sphaeropsis are a genus of fungi, within the family of Botryosphaeriaceae and within the order of Botryosphaeriales, within the class Dothideomycetes. They are plant pathogens.
Most known species is Sphaeropsis sapinea (or Diplodia sapinea and Diplodia pinea ), which is the causal agent of the Diplodia tip blight disease on pines and other conifer species. It is also found on forest and ornamental trees in the Western Balkans, Europe, and in the United States.
History
The genus Sphaeropsis was introduced by Saccardo in 1880 (for several species of Diplodia with brown, aseptate conidia), with Sphaeropsis visci named as the type species. Sphaeropsis was later found to be the asexual morph of Phaeobotryosphaeria (Phillips et al. 2008, 2013; Wijayawardene et al. 2017).
Distribution
Species in Sphaeropsis have a cosmopolitan distribution since they have been recorded from both temperate and tropical countries. Including; Germany, Namibia, New Zealand, South Africa, Thailand, (Phillips et al. 2013; Slippers et al. 2014; Farr and Rossman 2019). China (Sphaeropsis citrigena and Sphaeropsis guizhouensis), and Chile.
Etymology
Sphaeropsis is derived from the New Latin from sphaer meaning sphere or globe and opsis meaning appearance, vision.
So named as the species are similar in form to the fungal genus Sphaeria , (in the Hypoxylaceae family, Xylariales order).
Hosts
Species Sphaeropsis visci causes leaf-spot disease on Asian mistletoe (Viscum coloratum in China, and also on European mistletoe (Viscum album) populations.
While species Sphaeropsis pinea (Needle cast) is a significant problem in Chile.
Species
, the GBIF lists up to 143 species, while Species Fungorum lists about 139 species (out of 374 records). Over 600 species were accepted by Wijayawardene et al. 2020.
This list of species with name, authority and dates is based on the Species Fungorum list.
Sphaeropsis abietis
Sphaeropsis abietis-mariesii
Sphaeropsis actinidiae
Sphaeropsis akebiae
Sphaeropsis alsines
Sphaeropsis americana
Sphaeropsis amplispora
Sphaeropsis arenaria
Sphaeropsis aristolochiae
Sphaeropsis astericola
Sphaeropsis asterisci
Sphaeropsis astragali
Sphaeropsis begoniicola
Sphaeropsis berberidis
Sphaeropsis betulae
Sphaeropsis cactinae
Sphaeropsis cadabae
Sphaeropsis calycanthi
Sphaeropsis capparis
Sphaeropsis carthami
Sphaeropsis caryotae
Sphaeropsis caulincola
Sphaeropsis cerasifolia
Sphaeropsis cereicola
Sphaeropsis chromolaenicola
Sphaeropsis cinnamomi
Sphaeropsis citrigena
Sphaeropsis codiaei
Sphaeropsis coluteae
Sphaeropsis conspersa
Sphaeropsis cordiana
Sphaeropsis cornicola
Sphaeropsis cryptomeriae
Sphaeropsis cycadis
Sphaeropsis datiscae
Sphaeropsis dendranthemae
Sphaeropsis desmodiicola
Sphaeropsis dilleniae
Sphaeropsis dircae
Sphaeropsis dracaenae
Sphaeropsis eucalypticola
Sphaeropsis euonymi
Sphaeropsis fici-elasticae
Sphaeropsis foliicola
Sphaeropsis fragosoana
Sphaeropsis galii
Sphaeropsis ginkgonis
Sphaeropsis glandulosa
Sphaeropsis gouldiae
Sphaeropsis graminum
Sphaeropsis grandiflorae
Sphaeropsis grandinea
Sphaeropsis guizhouensis
Sphaeropsis guttifera
Sphaeropsis hamamelidis
Sphaeropsis hariotii
Sphaeropsis hassanii
Sphaeropsis hedericola
Sphaeropsis heterogena
Sphaeropsis heveae
Sphaeropsis hippocastanea
Sphaeropsis hranicensis
Sphaeropsis hrubyi
Sphaeropsis hyalina
Sphaeropsis hypodermia
Sphaeropsis ixorae-parviflorae
Sphaeropsis japonica
Sphaeropsis jodhpurensis
Sphaeropsis karachiensis
Sphaeropsis latispora
Sphaeropsis leptadeniae
Sphaeropsis ligniperda
Sphaeropsis ligustri
Sphaeropsis linariae
Sphaeropsis lineata
Sphaeropsis linhaiensis
Sphaeropsis loranthi
Sphaeropsis lycii
Sphaeropsis lyndonvillae
Sphaeropsis magnoliae
Sphaeropsis melanconioides
Sphaeropsis mespili
Sphaeropsis mimosicola
Sphaeropsis moelleriana
Sphaeropsis muehlenbeckiae
Sphaeropsis mulinicola
Sphaeropsis myrtaceicola
Sphaeropsis necatrix
Sphaeropsis negundinis
Sphaeropsis nubilosa
Sphaeropsis oligosperma
Sphaeropsis oncidii
Sphaeropsis orchidearum
Sphaeropsis paeoniae
Sphaeropsis pallidula
Sphaeropsis parca
Sphaeropsis persicae
Sphaeropsis philodendri
Sphaeropsis phoenicis
Sphaeropsis photiniae
Sphaeropsis pilocarpi
Sphaeropsis pinicola
Sphaeropsis plumeriae
Sphaeropsis polianthina
Sphaeropsis ponciri
Sphaeropsis porosa
Sphaeropsis profundae
Sphaeropsis ptilotrichi
Sphaeropsis punctata
Sphaeropsis punicae
Sphaeropsis puttemansii
Sphaeropsis ralfsii
Sphaeropsis raphiae
Sphaeropsis rehmanniae
Sphaeropsis rhodocarpa
Sphaeropsis rutae
Sphaeropsis sabalicola
Sphaeropsis salicis
Sphaeropsis salviae
Sphaeropsis sapinea
Sphaeropsis saponariae
Sphaeropsis sarmientoi
Sphaeropsis sideritis
Sphaeropsis solieri
Sphaeropsis spartii
Sphaeropsis spinulosa
Sphaeropsis sterculiae
Sphaeropsis stictoides
Sphaeropsis sumachi
Sphaeropsis teucrii
Sphaeropsis tulipastri
Sphaeropsis vaccinii
Sphaeropsis valentina
Sphaeropsis veronicae
Sphaeropsis verrucosa
Sphaeropsis viridula
Sphaeropsis viscicola
Sphaeropsis vochysiae
Sphaeropsis wisteriana
Former species
Many older species of Sphaeropsis have been transferred to other genera. Such as Sphaeropsis malorum , is now Botryosphaeria stevensii .
Aklso Sphaeropsis tumefaciens now Cophinforma tumefaciens.
Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens (Sphaeropsis Apple rot), now Xenosphaeropsis pyriputrescens (in the Phacidiaceae family).
References
Dothideomycetes
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Ascomycota orders