PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
Ibbit-Lim

Ibbit-Lim was the earliest known ruler of the Third kingdom of Ebla, in modern Syria, reigning most likely shortly before 1950 BCE.
Reign
Ibbit-Lim is only known by a fragmentary basalt torso found in 1968 at Tell Mardikh and now in Aleppo, which was part of a votive statue for Ishtar, once placed in this goddess' temple in the acropolis of Ebla. A cuneiform inscription on it bears the name of the meki (king) of Ebla Ibbit-Lim, son of Igrish-Kheb, and claims that the statue was made "eight years after Ishtar's apparition in Ebla". It is believed that this text passage refers to the election of Ishtar as the poliadic goddess of Ebla, an action most likely brought by Ibbit-Lim himself, eight years before making the statue.
Ibbit-Lim's torso was the first evidence permitting the identification of Tell Mardikh with the ancient city of Ebla, whose location had been lost.
As one of the earliest rulers – if not the first one – of the Third kingdom of Ebla, Ibbit-Lim may have been the king who ordered the construction of city walls. The names of Ibbit-Lim and his father Igrish-Kheb – who is not known to have been a king – are Amorite, suggesting that the inhabitants of Third kingdom of Ebla were predominantly Amorites, as were most of the inhabitants of Syria at that time.
Sources
Kings of Ebla
20th-century BC monarchs
Quytul, Ardabil

Quytul, Ardabil
Quytul (also Romanized as Qūyţūl and Qūytūl) is a village in Angut-e Gharbi Rural District, Anguti District, Germi County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 79, in 18 families.
References
Tageo
Towns and villages in Germi County
الطريق الأوروبي E60

الطريق الأوروبي E60 هو طريق من شبكة الطرق الأوروبية الدولية. ويعتبر ثاني أطول طريق من ضمن الشبكة، يمتد لمسافة 8200 كم (5100 ميل)، من بريست بفرنسا (على ساحل المحيط الأطلسي)، إلى اركشتام بقرغيزستان (على الحدود مع الصين).
المراجع
مصادر خارجية
UN Economic Commission for Europe: Overall Map of E-road Network (2007)
أوروبا
الطرق في فرنسا
النقل البري في أوروبا
طرق في أذربيجان
طرق في رومانيا
طرقات في أوزبكستان
طرقات في المجر
طرقات في النمسا
طرقات في بافاريا
طرقات في تركمانستان
طرقات في جورجيا
طرقات في سويسرا
طرقات في طاجيكستان
طرقات في قيرغيزستان
قوائم ذات صلة بالنقل في أوروبا
قوائم طرقات
لجنة الأمم المتحدة الاقتصادية لأوروبا
Evil Zone

Evil Zone is a fighting game developed by Yuke's Future Media Creators for the PlayStation in 1999. The player can choose from ten characters to fight in several game modes including story mode, arcade mode, versus mode, practice and survival mode.
Story
The story of the game tells of Ihadurca, a powerful being who exists in multiple dimensions at once. The inhabitants of the world of I-Praseru (Happy Island) were able to temporarily confine Ihadurca in a dimension known as Evil Zone. A tournament is held to select the strongest warrior throughout the dimensions. The champion will be tasked to destroy Ihadurca before she can escape the Evil Zone and threaten the world once more.
The story mode is presented as an anime. Every playable character has their own unique story, each including their unique title movie and cutscenes narrated by the playable character. The cutscenes are animated in an anime style and drawn by the animation studio AIC.
Gameplay
During the game, fighting occurs on a 3D field, with characters allowed to move forwards, backward, and sidestep left and right. Most of the fighting is done with range-based attacks, but it is possible to attack a short-range and use grapple moves on your opponent. The fighting system only utilizes two main moves types: attack and guard.
Each playable character has a unique move set and ultra-attack. An ultra-attack is a powerful move that requires 'Power Stocks' to perform. 'Power Stocks' are obtained by the character standing still and charging; characters can hold up to three stocks at a time. The less health a character has, the faster it takes to charge.
A 'Pressure Dash' can occur if both characters perform a dash attack, towards each other, at the same time. If a 'Pressure Dash' occurs, each player must rapidly hit buttons; the winner gains an advantage over their opponent.
Characters
There are 10 playable characters in Evil Zone, including the story's antagonist, Ihadurca:
Setsuna Saizuki - "The Guardian Angel"
Linedwell Rainrix - "A Medium at Daybreak"
Erel Plowse - "Mercenary"
Gally 'Vanish' Gregman - "The Bounty Hunter"
Keiya Tenpoouin - "The Man in the Shadow"
Midori Himeno - "Grappler and Passionate"
Danzaiver - "Exceptional Inspector"
Alty Al Lazel - "Wizard"
Kakurine - "Priestess"
Ihadurca - "The Absolute Existence"
Reception
The game received mixed reviews according to the review aggregation website GameRankings. In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of 27 out of 40.
Notes
b.Written as character - "Alias"
References
External links
1999 video games
3D fighting games
Anime International Company
Multiplayer and single-player video games
PlayStation (console) games
PlayStation (console)-only games
Science fantasy video games
Titus Software games
Video games about demons
Video games developed in Japan
Video games featuring female protagonists
Video games about parallel universes
Video games scored by Satoshi Miyashita
Yuke's games
Pricing objectives

Pricing objectives or goals give direction to the whole pricing process. Determining what your objectives are is the first step in pricing. When deciding on pricing objectives you must consider: 1) the overall financial, marketing, and strategic objectives of the company; 2) the objectives of your product or brand; 3) consumer price elasticity and price points; and 4) the resources you have available.
Some of the more common pricing objectives are:
maximize long-run profit
maximize short-run profit
increase sales volume (quantity)
increase monetary sales
increase market share
obtain a target rate of return on investment (ROI)
obtain a target rate of return on sales
stabilize market or stabilize market price: an objective to stabilize price means that the marketing manager attempts to keep prices stable in the marketplace and to compete on non-price considerations. Stabilization of margin is basically a cost-plus approach in which the manager attempts to maintain the same margin regardless of changes in cost.
company growth
maintain price leadership
desensitize customers to price
discourage new entrants into the industry
match competitors prices
encourage the exit of marginal firms from the industry
survival
avoid government investigation or intervention
obtain or maintain the loyalty and enthusiasm of distributors and other sales personnel
enhance the image of the firm, brand, or product
be perceived as “fair” by customers and potential customers
create interest and excitement about a product
discourage competitors from cutting prices
use price to make the product “visible"
help prepare for the sale of the business (harvesting)
social, ethical, or ideological objectives
See also
Price
Price controls
Price fixing
Price gouging
Just price
Resale price maintenance
Pricing
Pricing strategies
Pricing
2013–14 Croatian Football Cup

2013–14 Croatian Football Cup
The 2013–14 Croatian Football Cup is the twenty-third season of Croatia's football knockout competition. The defending champions are Hajduk Split, having won their sixth title the previous year by defeating Lokomotiva in the final.
Calendar
Preliminary round
The draw for the preliminary round was held on 1 August 2013 with matches scheduled on 28 August 2013.
* Match played on 27 August.
First round
First round proper consisted of 16 single-legged matches, with 16 winners of the preliminary round joined by 16 clubs with the highest cup coefficients. The draw for the first round was held on 28 August, where the club with the lowest cup coefficient hosts the one with the highest and so on. Matches were scheduled on 25 September 2013.
* Match was played on 24 September.
** Match was played on 1 October.
*** Match was played on 9 October.
Second round
The second round was contested by 16 winners from the first round in eight single-legged fixtures scheduled on 30 October 2013. It was the last stage of the competition employing the single leg format as from the quarter-finals onwards all fixtures are going to be double-legged events.
Quarter-finals
Quarter-final ties were played over two legs, scheduled for 27 November and 4 December 2013. The round featured eight winners from the second round. The unseeded draw for quarter-final pairings was held on 5 November. The tie between Rijeka and Osijek has been postponed for 2014 due to Rijeka's congested fixture list. Both clubs initially agreed to play the first leg in Rijeka on 12 February 2014 and the second leg in Osijek on 19 February 2014. However, due to the flooded pitch in Rijeka, the first leg was played on 19 February and the return leg in Osijek on 12 March.
|}
Semi-finals
Dinamo Zagreb won 4–1 on aggregate.
Rijeka won 3–1 on aggregate.
Final
First leg
Second leg
Rijeka won 3–0 on aggregate
References
External links
Official website
Croatian Football Cup seasons
Croatia
Croatian Cup, 2013-14
لورنس إف. جونسون

لورنس إف. جونسون هو مستقبلي أمريكي، ولد في 17 ديسمبر عام 1950.
مراجع
أشخاص من كوربوس كريستي (تكساس)
مربون من تكساس
مستقبليون
مواليد 1950
أشخاص في تقنيات تعليمية
Heini Dittmar

Heini Dittmar (March 30, 1912 in Bad Kissingen – April 28, 1960 near Mülheim an der Ruhr, West Germany) was a record-breaking German glider pilot.
Inspired by the example of his glider flying brother Edgar, Dittmar took an apprenticeship at the German Institute for Gliding (DFS). In 1932, flying his self-built glider Condor I, he won a first prize at the Rhön Glider Competition.
Dittmar then became a research pilot. In 1934, he, Hanna Reitsch, Peter Riedel, and Wolf Hirth were members of Professor Georgii's South American Glider Expedition, where in Argentina he achieved a new world gliding altitude record (about ). Later the same year, he achieved a new world record for long-distance using a Fafnir II and was awarded the Hindenburg Cup. In 1936, he achieved the first crossing of the Alps in a glider. He then crowned his career as a glider pilot by becoming the first Gliding World Champion after his victory at the first Rhön International Gliding Competition in 1937.
During and after the Second World War, Dittmar worked as an aircraft designer and test pilot. On 2 October 1941, flying the Messerschmitt Me 163A V4 KE+SW, he became the first human to fly faster than . This record was achieved over the FAI-specified 3-km distance and was measured using an Askania theodolite. Later, on 6 July 1944, he reached a speed of in the Me 163B V18 bearing the Stammkennzeichen code of VA+SP, nearly losing the complete rudder surface in the process to flutter. It is unclear, however, if sufficient altitude was attained to make this a true supersonic flight.
Dittmar died in a crash in 1960 while test-flying a light aircraft of his own design, the HD-153 Motor-Möwe, near Essen/Mülheim airport.
References
1912 births
1960 deaths
German aviation record holders
German glider pilots
German test pilots
German World War II pilots
Flight speed record holders
Glider flight record holders
مارغريت كرويشانك

مارغريت كرويشانك هي طبيبة نيوزيلندية، ولدت في 1873 في في نيوزيلندا، وتوفيت في 28 نوفمبر 1918 في في نيوزيلندا بسبب الإنفلونزا الإسبانية وإنفلونزا.
النشأة والعائلة
ولدت كروكشانك في يوم رأس سنة 1873 في بالمرستون، وهي بلدة صغيرة في الجزيرة الجنوبية لنيوزيلندا. كانت شقيقتها التوأم تدعى كريستينا، ووالداهما إليزابيث (ولدت باسم تاغارت) وجورج، اللذان هاجرا معًا من اسكتلندا، إلى أستراليا أولًا ثم إلى دونستان في أوتاغو الوسطى، بسبب حمى الذهب هناك.
توفيت والدة كروكشانك في وقت كانت فيه الفتاتان التوأم صغيرتين، وبالتالي احتيج لهما في المنزل للمساعدة في تربية أشقائهما الخمسة الأصغر سنًا. تناوبتا على الذهاب إلى المدرسة، فتاة تذهب للمدرسة والأخرى تبقى في المنزل، وأكملتا دراستهما في مدرسة بلدة بالمرستون الثانوية بهذه الطريقة، ثم ذهبتا معًا إلى مدرسة أوتاغو الثانوية للبنات في دنيدن. كانت كل من الفتاتان دوكسات في عام 1891.
مهنة الطب
التحقت كروكشانك بكلية الطب في جامعة أوتاغو دنيدن وكانت ثاني امرأة تنهي دراستها في كلية الطب بعد إميلي سيدبرغ، وتخرجت في عام 1897. مارست الطب العام في وايمتي (أول امرأة في نيوزيلندا تقوم بذلك).
أكملت كروكشانك دراساتها العليا في إدنبره ودبلن في عام 1913، وسافرت أيضًا إلى أوروبا وأمريكا. قدم لها شعب وايمتي ساعةً ذهبية وسلسلةً ومحفظةً من مئة جنيه ذهبي، أمام العامة قبل أن تغادر لإظهار تقديرهم. يعرض متحف وايمتي ساعة الجيب الذهبية هذه. يقول النقش الموجود داخل علبة الساعة: «قُدمت إلى مارغريت بي كروكشانك، من أصدقائها الكثر في وايمتي، الثالث عشر من فبراير 1913».
نظمت خلال الحرب العالمية الأولى عمل صندوق الصليب الأحمر في وايمتي، وتولت عبء الحالات عن شريكها الطبيب باركلي، الذي جُنّد وسافر للخارج. كانت أيضًا واحدة من ثلاثة أطباء تشاركوا دوره كمشرف على المستشفى في غيابه. عملت كروكشانك ليلًا ونهارًا عند انتشار جائحة إنفلونزا عام 1918، إذ اعتنت بأطفال الآباء المرضى، وطبخت لهم وجبات الطعام، حتى أنها حلبت بقرة عائلة كان البالغون فيها مرضى، ولا يمكنهم القيام بذلك بأنفسهم. أُصيبت بالمرض في نهاية المطاف، وتوفيت في 28 نوفمبر 1918.
الإرث
كُشف عن تمثال تذكاري لها في حفل تأبيني في ساحة سيدون في وايمتي في عام 1923. كان من بين المتحدثين في الحفل زميلة كروكشانك السابقة الطبيبة إميلي سيدبرغ، التي مثلت جمعية النساء الطبيات النيوزيلندية، وعضو برلمان وايتاكي، جون باتشنر، ورئيس المجلس المحلي، السيد هارت. كما حضرت الآنسة إم ألين ممثلةً عن جمعية نساء جامعة أوتاغو. كشفت صاحبة عقار كروكشانك- مدة 23 عامًا- السيدة باركلي عن التمثال.
نُحت التمثال من قبل النحات النيوزيلندي ويليام تريثويي. كان أول نصب تذكاري لامرأة بخلاف الملكة فيكتوريا في نيوزيلندا، وكُتب عليه «الطبيبة المحبوبة - المخلصة حتى الممات».
سُمي جناح الولادة في مستشفى وايمات باسمها في عام 1948.
يضم متحف وأرشيف وايمتي مجموعة من الأشياء والرسائل والصور والأعمال الفنية المتعلقة بالطبيبة كروكشانك. يمكن مشاهدة بعضها عبر الإنترنت من خلال الموقع الإلكتروني لمتحف نيوزيلندا.
مراجع
أطباء نيوزيلنديون في القرن 20
خريجو جامعة أوتاغو
طبيبات في القرن 20
طبيبات نيوزيلنديات
مواليد 1873
وفيات 1918
وفيات بسبب الإنفلونزا الإسبانية
Chris Thompson (footballer, born 1960)

Chris Thompson (footballer, born 1960)
Christopher Thompson (24 January 1960 – 5 June 2012) was an English footballer who played as a midfielder or a forward.
Career
Thompson was born in Walsall, West Midlands on 24 January 1960. He started his career at Bolton Wanderers, signing professional terms with the club in 1977 after impressing in the club youth teams. He made his debut for the club on 25 October 1977 in a League Cup match against Peterborough United. His first league appearance for the club came during the 1979–80 season, appearing as a substitute in a 3–1 defeat against Coventry City. He made a total of 81 appearances in all competitions for Bolton, scoring 20 goals, before being transferred to Blackburn Rovers in 1983.
During his three-year spell at Blackburn, Thompson made 100 appearances and scored 26 goals before moving to Wigan Athletic in 1986. In his fourth league game for Wigan, he scored a hat-trick in a 5–1 win against his hometown club Walsall. He scored nine goals during the 1986–87 season, helping the club reach the inaugural Football League play-offs. Despite Thompson scoring the opening goal in the first leg of the play-off semi final against Swindon Town, the club went on to lose the game 3–2, and would ultimately be knocked out by the same scoreline on aggregate. Thompson also played an important role in the club's 1986–87 FA Cup run, scoring in the Second and Third Round against Darlington and Gillingham. He also scored the opening goal in the Fifth Round match against Hull City, which Wigan went on to win 3–0, reaching the quarter finals for the first time in their history.
In 1988, Thompson joined Sam Ellis' Blackpool. In his first season at Bloomfield Road, he made 36 League appearances and scored eight goals. The following season, 1989–90, under Jimmy Mullen, who had taken over with five games remaining of the previous term, Thompson made three appearances before being sold to Cardiff City.
He made only five further League appearances (two for Cardiff and three for Walsall) before retiring from the game in 1991 at the age of 31.
Death
Thompson was found dead at his flat in Anderson Gardens, Tipton, on 5 June 2012. An inquest into his death six months later failed to identify a specific cause of death, but the pathologist had discovered cirrhosis of the liver and due to the decomposed state of his body he may have died several weeks before his body was discovered. His sister, Maureen Bradshaw, told the coroner that he had struggled with depression in later life and was a heavy drinker.
References
External links
Profile at sporting-heroes.net
1960 births
2012 deaths
Footballers from Walsall
English men's footballers
Bolton Wanderers F.C. players
English Football League players
Lincoln City F.C. players
Blackburn Rovers F.C. players
Wigan Athletic F.C. players
Blackpool F.C. players
Cardiff City F.C. players
Walsall F.C. players
Men's association football midfielders
Men's association football forwards
آيت هرود (مسكانة زكزاون)

آيت هرود (مسكانة زكزاون)
آيت هرود هو دُوَّار يقع بجماعة أربعاء آيت أحمد، إقليم تيزنيت، جهة سوس ماسة في المملكة المغربية. ينتمي الدوّار لمشيخة مسكانة زكزاون التي تضم 94 دوار. يقدر عدد سكانه بـ 19 نسمة حسب الإحصاء الرسمي للسكان والسكنى لسنة 2004.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
البوابة الوطنية للجماعات الترابية
المندوبية السامية للتخطيط
أماكن مأهولة في مسكانة زكزاون (أربعاء آيت أحمد)
مقاطعة فولتون (نيويورك)

مقاطعة فولتون (نيويورك)
مقاطعة فولتون هي إحدى المقاطعات في ولاية نيويورك في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية.
مراجع
أماكن مأهولة أسست في 1838
تأسيسات سنة 1838 في ولاية نيويورك
مقاطعات ولاية نيويورك
يوهان صموئيل كونينغ

يوهان صموئيل كونينغ هو رياضياتي ألماني، ولد في 31 يوليو 1712 في بودينغن في ألمانيا، وتوفي في 21 أغسطس 1757 في أوترختسه هوفلروخ في هولندا.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أشخاص من بودينغن
أعضاء الأكاديمية الفرنسية للعلوم
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة فرانيكير
رياضياتيون ألمان في القرن 18
مواليد 1712
وفيات 1757
وارن وولف

وارن وولف هو عازف جاز أمريكي، ولد في 10 نوفمبر 1979 في بالتيمور في الولايات المتحدة.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أفارقة أمريكيون في القرن 20
أفارقة أمريكيون في القرن 21
خريجو كلية باركلي للموسيقى
خريجو معهد بيبودي
مواليد 1979
موسيقيو جاز أفارقة أمريكيون
موسيقيو جاز أمريكيون
موسيقيو جاز من ماريلند
موسيقيون من بالتيمور
شين‌ أباد (بيرانشهر)

شين‌ أباد (بيرانشهر)
شين‌ أباد هي قرية في مقاطعة بيرانشهر، إيران. عدد سكان هذه القرية هو 2,908 في سنة 2006.
مراجع
أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة بيرانشهر
John von Collas

John von Collas born Jean de Collas (11 November 1678 – 16 June 1753) was a late Baroque architect of the 18th century.
Biography
Collas was born in Sedan to Antoine de Collas (died 1693) and Elisabeth née de Vilain (died 1681). He was a French Huguenot, his father was a counsellor of William III of Orange, the later William III of England.
After the Edict of Fontainebleau of 1685 the family was forced to flee from France and moved to the Netherlands and further to London in 1688. Collas grew up at the estates of
William Russell, 1st Duke of Bedford and became a Page of Russell’s Granddaughter Mary Butler (1646–1707), he carried the train of Mary II of England (1662–1694) at her coronation in 1689.
Aged 22, John von Collas was a member of the Royal Society and started a journey to Asia. Initially on his way through he arrived in Königsberg in autumn 1701 and decided to stay in East Prussia. He became a Royal Prussian Engineer, counsellor, director of the Geometer and respected scholar. He was involved in the design of the Wesel citadel. He was mentioned as a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences in 1704.
Collas became the landlord of several estates in East Prussia like Dommelkeim (1703–1753), Naujeninken (1703–1731), Brandwehten (1703–1731), Perkuhnen (1717–1731), Sauerwalde (1720–1731), Laugallen (1718–1731), Kraupischkehmen, (1718–1731), Weißenstein/ Gutenfeld (1721–1753) and owned houses in Wehlau (1721–1753) and Borchersdorf (1724–1753), in total he possessed about 2,720 Hectare.
Collas was a successful architect and projected the baroque palaces of Finckenstein, Friedrichstein, Dönhoffstädt and Jäskendorf.
Collas married Charlotte Pelet (27 February 1700 - 29 December 1751), daughter of the merchant Pierre Pelet, owner of Weißenstein-Gutenfeld manor, and Maria Elisabeth née Salomon on 30 April 1716 in Königsberg.
He died at his manor at Weißenstein.
See also
Jean de Bodt
External links
Finckenstein Palace
1678 births
1753 deaths
18th-century German architects
German Baroque architects
People from Sedan, Ardennes
People from East Prussia
فان فان دوك

فان فان دوك
فـان فان دوك هو لاعب كرة قدم فيتنامي في مركز ، ولد في 11 أبريل 1996 في محافظة ني أن في فيتنام. لعب مع نادي سونغ لام نغي أن.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أجنحة كرة قدم
أشخاص من محافظة ني أن
لاعبو الدوري الفيتنامي
لاعبو كأس آسيا 2019
لاعبو كرة قدم في الألعاب الآسيوية 2018
لاعبو كرة قدم فيتناميون
لاعبو منتخب فيتنام لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي سونغ لام نغي أن
منافسون في الألعاب الآسيوية من فيتنام
مواليد 1996
NLRP7

NLRP7
NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NLRP7 gene.
Function
NALPs are cytoplasmic proteins that form a subfamily within the larger CATERPILLER protein family. Most short NALPs, such as NALP7, have an N-terminal pyrin (MEFV) domain (PYD), followed by a NACHT domain, a NACHT-associated domain (NAD), and a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) region. NALPs are implicated in the activation of proinflammatory caspases (e.g., CASP1) via their involvement in multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes.
References
Further reading
LRR proteins
NOD-like receptors
آيت عمر يكو (آيت علي بوبكر)

آيت عمر يكو (آيت علي بوبكر)
آيت عمر يكو هو دُوَّار يقع بجماعة عين الشكاك، إقليم صفرو، جهة فاس مكناس في المملكة المغربية. ينتمي الدوّار لمشيخة آيت علي بوبكر التي تضم 8 دواوير. يقدر عدد سكانه بـ 463 نسمة حسب الإحصاء الرسمي للسكان والسكنى لسنة 2004.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
البوابة الوطنية للجماعات الترابية
المندوبية السامية للتخطيط
أماكن مأهولة في آيت علي بوبكر (عين الشكاك)
Gustaf Jansson

Gustaf Jansson
Gustaf Nils Jansson (5 January 1922 – 11 April 2012) was a Swedish long-distance runner who won the bronze medal in the marathon at the 1952 Summer Olympics. He finished fifth at the 1954 European Athletics Championships.
References
1922 births
2012 deaths
People from Filipstad Municipality
Swedish male long-distance runners
Swedish male marathon runners
Olympic athletes for Sweden
Olympic bronze medalists for Sweden
Athletes (track and field) at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists in athletics (track and field)
Sportspeople from Värmland County
20th-century Swedish people
Xacitarxan

Xacitarxan
Hajji Tarkhan or Hajji Tarkhan al Jedid, also known as Hashtar Khan / Astarxan or Astrakhan, was a medieval city at the right bank of Volga, situated approximately 12 km north of the modern city of Astrakhan. The first mention of the town was recorded in 1333. In the 13th and 14th centuries, it was one of the main trade and political centres of the Golden Horde. In 1395, the city was sacked by Timur. Astrakhan was rebuilt afterwards and became the capital of the Khanate of Astrakhan in 1459. In 1547, the city was seized by the Crimean khan Sahib I Giray. In 1556, Astrakhan was besieged and burned by Ivan the Terrible.
See also
Saqsin
Atil Astrakhan was fought over in 1917-1922 and bombed in 1942.
Footnotes
References
Destroyed populated places
Golden Horde
Astrakhan Khanate
Defunct towns in Russia
Populated places on the Volga
Former populated places in Russia