Bhima River

Bhima River
The Bhima River (also known as Chandrabhaga River) is a major river in Western India and South India. It flows southeast for through Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Telangana states, before joining the Krishna River. After the first sixty-five kilometers in a narrow valley through rugged terrain, the banks open up and form a fertile agricultural area which is densely populated.
The river is prone to become dry during the summer season. In 2005 there was severe flooding in Solapur, Vijayapura and Kalburgi districts. The river is also referred to as Chandrabhaga River, especially at Pandharpur, as it resembles the shape of the Moon.
Course
The Bhima River flows southeast for a long journey of , with many smaller rivers as tributaries. It originates near Bhimashankar Temple in the Bhimashankar hills in khed Taluka on the western side of the Western Ghats, known as Sahyadri, in Pune District, Maharashtra state, at . It flows through Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary where it enters Khed Taluka and is soon joined by its tributary, the Aria River from the right (west) which flows into the Chas Kaman Reservoir. Upstream on the Aria is the Rajgurunagar-Kalmodi Dam impounding the Kalmodi Reservoir. The Chas Kaman Reservoir is impounded by the Chas Kaman Dam, the most upstream dam on the Bhima River proper. The village of Chas is on the left bank some 16 km below the dam. Some 5 km along the river below the bridge on the Bhirma at Chas, the Kumandala River meets from the right. From there it is 8 km along the river to the railroad bridge at the town of Rajgurunagar (Khed) on the left bank. In 18 km further along the river, the Bhima River enters from the right just above the village of Pimpalgaon on the left bank. From there to Siddhegavhan along the river is 10 km. Siddhegavhan is the last village in Khed Taluka on the left.
After leaving Khed Taluka, the Bhima forms the boundary between Havali Taluka on the right (south) and Shirur Taluka on the left (north). From the Bhima's intersection to the Indrayani River, which also enters from the right, is 14 km along the river. At the confluence is the town of Tulapur on the right bank in Havali Taluka. The Bhima River, the Indrayani River and the Mula-Mutha River are the major tributaries of the Bhima that drain western Pune. After the Indrayani, in about 4 km down stream the Dhomal River enters from the right, at the village of Wadhu Budruk. Shortly thereafter (3.5 km) the Bhima passes under the SH 60 bridge at the town of Koregaon Bhima. From Koregaon going east, downstream 16 km, is the confluence with the Vel River (Wel River) from the left (north) and the village of Vittalwadi. The Vel River also arises in Ambegaon Taluka, east of the Bhima, and flows through Khed Taluka and into Shirur Taluka before flowing into the Bhima. With Vittalwadi on the left, the right side of the river leaves Haveli Taluka and enters Daund Taluka.
From Vittalwadi the Bhima meanders northwest and 14 km after the Vel River enters from the left, the Kamania River (Kamina) enters from the left at the village of Parodi. After the Kamania River enters, the river meanders back southeast for 23 km to the confluence with the Mula-Mutha River from the right at the village of Ranjangaon Sandas. The Mula-Mutha River flows from the city of Pune where it is a combination of the Mula River and the Mutha River.
31 km after the Mula-Mutha River, the Ghod River enters from the left (north) across the Bhima from the village of Nanvij (Nanwij). The Ghod River is the last of the Western Ghat tributaries of the Bhima. Shirur Taluka stops at the Ghod River, and Shrigonda Taluka of Ahmednagar District continues on the left (northeast) side of the river. Downstream just 6 km from the Ghod River, is the city of Daund on the right (southwest) bank.
Chandani, Kamini, Moshi, Bori, Sina, Man, Bhogavati river and Nira are the major tributaries of the river in Solapur District. Of these, the Nira river meets with the Bhima between Nira Narsingpur in Pune District and Malshiras Taluka in Solapur district.
Bhima merges into the Krishna along the border between Karnataka and Telangana about 24 km north of Raichur. At the point where the two rivers meet, the Bhima is actually longer than the Krishna in length.
Tributaries
Sina river, Maharashtra
Nira riverPune, Maharashtra
Mula-Mutha river,Pune, Maharashtra
Chandani river
Kamini river
Kukadi river, Maharashtra
Man river
Bhogavati river, Maharashtra(Tributary of Sina)
Indrayani river, Pune, Maharashtra
Ghod River,Pune,Maharashtra
Bhama River, Maharashtra
Pavana riverPune, Maharashtra
Bori river, Maharashtra
Kagna river, Karnataka
Benitura river
Bhima basin
The total area of the Bhima basin is 70,614 km². The population living along the banks of Bhima is approximately 12.33 million people (1990) with 30.90 million people expected by 2030. Seventy-five percent of the basin lies in the state of Maharashtra.
Temples
Bhimashankar one of the twelve esteemed Jyotirlinga shrines.
Siddhatek, Siddhivinayak Temple of Ashtavinayak Ganesh
Vitthal Temple in Pandharpur.
Mallikarjun Temple chinmalli kalaburagi
Sri Dattatreya Temple, Ganagapura, Gulbarga district, Karnataka.
Shri Kshetra Ghattargi Bhagamma, Ghattargi, Gulbarga District, Karnataka.
Sri Kshetra Hulakantheshwar Temple, Heroor (B), Gulbarga District, Karnataka.
Sri Kshetra Rasangi Balabheemasena Temple in Rasanagi, Jevargi Taluka, Kalaburagi district, Karnataka
Sri Kshetra Kolakoor Siddhabasaveshwara Temple in Kolakoor, Jevargi Taluka, Kalaburagi district, Karnataka
Honagunta Chandrala Parameshwari Temple, Honagunta near Shahbad, Kalaburagi district
Chandrala paramweshwari temple at Sannati , Karnataka
Kanaganahalli Buddhist site, Karnataka
Dams
There are twenty-two dams in the basin of Bhima River. The first dam is the Chas Kaman Dam in Khed Taluka, Pune district. The largest dam by capacity is Ujjani Dam, near Tembhurni, Solapur District. Total Water storage capacity of Bhima basin is about 300 TMC in Maharashtra state. Nearly 30 barrages are constructed across the main Bhima river from the downstream of Ujjani dam in Maharashtra and Karnataka states to harness all the water available in the river in excess of Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal allocations. Bhima to Sina interlink (Jod Kalava) with 21 km tunnel from Ujjani reservoir is constructed to supply water for vast lands in catchment area of Sina tributary from main Bhima river.
Dams – Capacity [River]
Ujjani – 118 TMC [Bhima]
Bhatghar – 23.50 TMC [Yelwandi]
Mulshi – 18.47 TMC [Mula]
Varasgaon – 12.82 TMC [Mose]
Dimbhe – 12.49 TMC [Ghod]
Nira Devghar – 11.73 TMC [Nira]
Panshet – 10.65 TMC [Ambi]
Manikdoh – 10.17 TMC [Kukadi]
Veer – 9.41 TMC [Nira]
Pavana – 8.51 TMC [Pawana]
Bhama Askhed – 7.67 TMC [Bhama]
Chas Kaman – 7.58 TMC [Bhima]
Ghod (Chinchani) – 5.47 TMC [Ghod]
Pimpalgaon Joge – 3.89 TMC [Aarala]
Temghar – 3.71 TMC [Mutha]
Andhra – 2.92 TMC [Indrayani]
Yedgaon – 2.80 TMC [Kukadi]
Khadakwasala – 1.98 TMC [Mutha]
Kalamodi – 1.51 TMC [Aarala]
Vadaj- 1.17 TMC [Meena]
Vadivale – 1.07 TMC [Indrayani]
Visapur – .90 TMC [Hanga]
Gunjavani – .69 TMC [Gunjavani]
Nazare – .59 TMC [Karha]
Kasarsai – .57 TMC [Pawana Basin]
Walwan – [Indrayani]
Chilewadi – [Kukadi Basin]
Pushpawati – [Kukadi basin]
Thitewadi – [Vel]
Sina Nimgaon – 2.2 TMC Approx[Sina]
Sina Kolegaon – 5.0 TMC Approx.[Sina]
Shirvata – 5.0 TMC Approx.[Indrayani]
Hydro power plants
Bhira Hydroelectric Project 300 MW (150 MW pumped storage) by Tata Power with water from Mulshi Dam, Bhushi Dam, Bhira Dam, Walwan Dam, Thokarwadi Dam and Shirvata Dam
Khopoli hydro 72 MW by Tata Power
Bhivpuri hydro 78 MW by Tata Power
Ujjani Dam 12 MW pumped storage
Bhatghar Dam 16 MW
Pawana Dam 10 MW
Khadakwasla Dam 8 MW
Veer Dam 9 MW
Dimbhe Dam 5 MW
Manikdoh Dam 6 MW
Niradevghar Dam 6 MW
Most of the hydro power (450 MW from Bhira, Khopoli and Bhivpuri) is generated by diverting water from the Bhima river basin to west flowing Kundalika, Patalganga and Ulhas rivers respectively. The diverted water is nearly 42.5 TMC which is mostly going waste to Arabian sea after generating hydro power. State government is planning to reduce the use of Bhima river basin water for power generation and use river basin water fully for drinking and irrigation purposes inside the basin as the available water is inadequate. However, Bhira hydro station can be operated in pumped storage mode to generate peaking power without releasing water to Arabian sea.
See also
List of rivers of India
Rivers of India
Bhima Pushkaram
References
External links
Classification of Waters of Upper Bhima River Basin
Monitoring of Indian National Aquatic Resources
Notified rivers
Flood alert in villages along Bhima river
Environmental Status of Pune Region, Maharashtra Pollution Control Board
Rivers of Maharashtra
Tributaries of the Krishna River