Gonzaga Duque

Gonzaga Duque
Luís Gonzaga Duque Estrada, known as Gonzaga Duque (21 June 1863, Rio de Janeiro - 29 September 1911, Rio de Janeiro) was a Brazilian writer and critic. He was of Swedish descent on his father's side.
Life and work
After completing his primary education, he enrolled at the prestigious , then studied at the Colégio Meneses Vieira. He completed his studies at the Colégio Paixão in Petrópolis. It would appear that he never attended a university.
His best known work, the novel Mocidade Morta (1900, Dead Youth), deals with young artists during the , a period from 1840 to 1889, when the Republic of Brazil was established, and their opposition to the prevailing conservativism. The initial reviews were not kind; calling it boring, morbid and full of pseudo-intellectual chatter. Later, it received some praise for its documentary value. Recent criticism calls it a significant contribution to understanding the artistic community of late 19th century Brazil and its relationship to the outdated approaches taught at the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts.
As a critic, he produced the first systematic examination of Brazilian art in his book A Arte Brasileira. This came during a period when the artists there were beginning to make a living entirely from the proceeds of their painting. In 1907, he was a co-founder of the cultural journal, . Known to be an unsparing critic in the cause of modernism, his caustic comments about the works of João Zeferino da Costa, who worked in a conservative, classical style, discouraged Da Costa from ever exhibiting again.
A familiar face among Rio's artistic milieu, his portrait was painted by Eliseu Visconti, Belmiro de Almeida, Rodolfo Amoedo and , among others. The Brazilian art scholar, Vera Lins, has done a thorough study of his work, which is available online.
Bibliography
A Arte Brasileira. São Paulo: Mercado de Letras, 1994.
Mocidade Morta. Rio de Janeiro: Fundação Casa de Rui Barbosa, 1995
Horto de Mágoas - contos, Vera Lins and Júlio Castañon Guimaraes, Eds. Prefeitura da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro, 1996.
Impressões de um Amador: textos esparsos de crítica, 1882-1909, Vera Lins and Júlio Castañon Guimaraes, Eds. Belo Horizonte: Editora UFMG, 2001.
Revoluções brasileiras: resumos históricos. Francisco Foot Hardman and Vera Lins, Eds. Belo Horizonte: Editora UFMG, co-edição Giordano, 1998.
References
Further reading
Guimararães, Júlio Castañon. "Gonzaga Duque: ficção e crítica de artes plásticas". In: Carvalho, José Murilo de, et al. Sobre o pré-modernismo. Rio de Janeiro: Fundação Casa de Rui Barbosa, 1988.
Lins, Vera. Gonzaga Duque: A Estratégia do Franco-Atirador. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Tempo Brasileiro, 1991.
Lins, Vera. Gonzaga Duque: crítica e utopia na virada do século. Rio de Janeiro: Fundação Casa de Rui Barbosa, 1996.
Vermeersch, Paula. Lista de artigos de Gonzaga Duque na Revista Kosmos. Rotunda. Campinas: Centro de Estudos de Pesquisa das Artes no Brasil (CEPAB), Instituto de Artes, Unicamp, 2003.
Vermeersch, Paula. Por uma arte brasileira: a pintura acadêmica no final do Segundo Reinado e a crítica de Gonzaga Duque. Rotunda. Campinas: Centro de Estudos de Pesquisa das Artes no Brasil (CEPAB), Instituto de Artes, Unicamp, 2003.
External links
Casa de Rui Barbosa: Vera Lins: Linhas cruzadas - decifrando o arquivo de Gonzaga Duque, Online.
1863 births
1911 deaths
Brazilian art critics
Writers from Rio de Janeiro (city)