PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
Meteoritics

Meteoritics is the science that deals with meteors, meteorites, and meteoroids. It is closely connected to cosmochemistry, mineralogy and geochemistry. A specialist who studies meteoritics is known as a meteoriticist.
Scientific research in meteoritics includes the collection, identification, and classification of meteorites and the analysis of samples taken from them in a laboratory. Typical analyses include investigation of the minerals that make up the meteorite, their relative locations, orientations, and chemical compositions; analysis of isotope ratios; and radiometric dating. These techniques are used to determine the age, formation process, and subsequent history of the material forming the meteorite. This provides information on the history of the Solar System, how it formed and evolved, and the process of planet formation.
History of investigation
Before the documentation of L'Aigle it was generally believed that meteorites were a type of superstition and those who claimed to see them fall from space were lying.
In 1960 John Reynolds discovered that some meteorites have an excess of 129Xe, a result of the presence of 129I in the solar nebula.
Methods of investigation
Mineralogy
The presence or absence of certain minerals is indicative of physical and chemical processes. Impacts on the parent body are recorded by impact-breccias and high-pressure mineral phases (e.g. coesite, akimotoite, majorite, ringwoodite, stishovite, wadsleyite). Water bearing minerals, and samples of liquid water (e.g., Zag, Monahans) are an indicator for hydrothermal activity on the parent body (e.g. clay minerals).
Radiometric dating
Radiometric methods can be used to date different stages of the history of a meteorite. Condensation from the solar nebula is recorded by calcium–aluminium-rich inclusions and chondrules. These can be dated by using radionuclides that were present in the solar nebula (e.g. 26Al/26Mg, 53Mn/53Cr, U/Pb, 129I/129Xe). After the condensed material accretes to planetesimals of sufficient size melting and differentiation take place. These processes can be dated with the U/Pb, 87Rb/87Sr,
147Sm/143Nd and 176Lu/176Hf methods. Metallic core formation and cooling can be dated by applying the 187Re/187Os method to iron meteorites. Large scale impact events or even the destruction of the parent body can be dated using the 39Ar/40Ar method and the 244Pu fission track method. After breakup of the parent body meteoroids are exposed to cosmic radiation. The length of this exposure can be dated using the 3H/3He method, 22Na/21Ne, 81Kr/83Kr. After impact on earth (or any other planet with sufficient cosmic ray shielding) cosmogenic radionuclides decay and can be used to date the time since the meteorite fell. Methods to date this terrestrial exposure are 36Cl, 14C, 81Kr.
See also
Glossary of meteoritics
Meteor
Meteoroid
Meteorite
Notes & references
Notes
References
Further reading
Meteoroids
Meteoritics
(39122) 2000 WL42

(39122) 2000 WL42
2000 دابليو أل 42 (ويعرف أيضًا باسم (39122) 2000 دابليو أل 42 وفق تسمية الكوكب الصغير) ؛ هو كويكب ضمن حزام الكويكبات.
اكتُشف هذا الجُرم الفلكي بواسطة بحث لنكولن عن الكويكبات القريبة من الأرض في 21 نوفمبر 2000، وترتيبه 39122 من حيث الاكتشاف.
الوصف
اكتُشف في 21 نوفمبر 2000 في مرصد ماغدالينا ريدج، الواقع في مقاطعة سوكورو، نيومكسيكو في الولايات المتحدة، بواسطة مشروع بحث لنكولن عن الكويكبات القريبة من الأرض . وقد رصد المشروع 994 مشاهدة للكويكب إلى غاية 25 أغسطس 2021 بتوقيت منطقة المحيط الهادئ، أي في مدة قدرها 15,544 يومًا (42.6 عام). تستغرق الفترة المدارية للكويكب 1,620 يومًا (4.4 عام).
الخصائص المدارية
يتميز مدار هذا الكويكب بنصف محور رئيسي يبلغ 2.69 وحدة فلكية، وحضيض قدره 2.38 وحدة فلكية، وانحراف قدره 0.118 وزاوية ميلان 2.75 درجة بالنسبة لمسار الشمس. بسبب هذه الخصائص، أي نصف المحور الرئيسي بين 2 و3.2 وحدة فلكية وحضيض أكبر من 1,666 وحدة فلكية، يُصنف هذا الجُرم الفلكي وفقًا لقاعدة بيانات مختبر الدفع النفاث لأجرام النظام الشمسي الصغيرة كائنًا من حزام الكويكبات الرئيسي.
الخصائص الفيزيائية
يُقدر القدر المطلق (H) لـ بـ15.23 ووضاءته بـ0.171، مما يمكِّن تقدير قطره بـ 3.067كم. استُخلصت هذه النتائج بفضل ملاحظات مستكشف الأشعة تحت الحمراء عريض المجال (WISE)، وهو مرصد فضائي أمريكي وُضع في المدار في عام 2009 ويراقب السماء بأكملها بالأشعة تحت الحمراء، في عام 2011، نُشرت النتائج الأولى المتعلقة بالكويكبات من الحزام الرئيسي.
انظر أيضًا
قائمة الكواكب الصغيرة
المراجع
وصلات خارجية
أجرام فلكية اكتشفت في 2000
اكتشافات بحث لينكون للكويكبات القريبة من الأرض
حزام الكويكبات
كواكب صغيرة مسماة
برناردو هرنانديز غونزاليس

برناردو هرنانديز غونزاليس هو رائد أعمال إسباني، ولد في 29 ديسمبر 1970 في سلامنكا في إسبانيا.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أصحاب أعمال أمريكيون في الحوسبة
أصحاب أعمال إسبان
أصحاب أعمال في تقنية المعلومات
أعلام إل جي بي تي إسبانية في القرن 21
خريجو كلية بوسطن
شخصيات أعمال مثليون من الولايات المتحدة
شخصيات إنترنت أمريكية
شخصيات مثلية القرن 21
مواليد 1970
موظفو جوجل
شخصيات أعمال مثليون إسبان
تلم تصالبي

تلم تصالبي
يوجد التلم التصالبي على السطح العلوي للعظم الوتدي، حيث يوجد عندها التصالبة البصرية للعصبين البصريين.
ينتهي التلم التصالبي عند الثقبة البصرية التي تنقل العصب البصري والشريان العيني إلى محجر العين.
المصادر
عظام الرأس والعنق
مقالات تتضمن نصوصا من الطبعة العشرين لكتاب تشريح جرايز (1918)
Molinia

Molinia, or moor grass, is a genus of two species of flowering plants in the grass family, native to damp moorland in Eurasia and northern Africa. They are both herbaceous perennial grasses.
The genus is named after Juan Ignacio Molina, a 19th-century Chilean naturalist.
Species
Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench - (purple moor grass) - Eurasia + northern Africa from Ireland + Morocco to Ethiopia + Kazakhstan; naturalized in parts of United States + Canada
Molinia japonica Hack. (Japanese moor grass) - Japan, Korea, Anhui, Zhejiang, Sakhalin, Kuril
formerly included
see Arctophila Catabrosa Cleistogenes Diarrhena Disakisperma Festuca Glyceria Poa Puccinellia
References
Molinieae
Bunchgrasses of Africa
Bunchgrasses of Asia
Bunchgrasses of Europe
Garden plants
Poaceae genera
جان بروير (دراج)

جان بروير (دراج)
جان بروير هو دراج ألماني، ولد في 23 ديسمبر 1951 في في ألمانيا.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
دراجون ألمان
دراجون من شمال الراين-وستفاليا
رياضيون من شمال الراين-وستفاليا
مواليد 1938
مواليد 1951
Benjamin Franklin Bradley

Benjamin Franklin Bradley (October 5, 1825 – January 22, 1897) was a politician in the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War.
Biography
Bradley was born in Georgetown in Scott County, Kentucky. He served in the United States Army in the Mexican War and then in the Confederate States Army in the Civil War when he was commissioned as the major of the 1st Battalion, Kentucky Mounted Rifles. He was elected to represent Kentucky in the Second Confederate Congress from 1864 to 1865.
After the war, Bradley returned to Kentucky and took the Oath of Allegiance. He resumed his legal career and served in the Kentucky State Senate in 1889.
He died in Georgetown, Kentucky, on January 22, 1897, and was buried in Georgetown Cemetery.
References
External links
Political Graveyard
Members of the Confederate House of Representatives from Kentucky
19th-century American politicians
American military personnel of the Mexican–American War
Confederate States Army officers
Kentucky lawyers
People from Georgetown, Kentucky
1825 births
1897 deaths
19th-century American lawyers
تشارلز كافنديش

تشارلز كافنديش
اللورد تشارلز كافنديش (17 مارس 1704 ـ 28 أبريل 1783) نبيل وسياسي وعالم بريطاني، هو الابن الأصغر للورد ويليام كافنديش دوق ديفونشاير الثاني. كان عضوًا بمجلس العموم عند دائرة هيتسبيري من سنة 1725 إلى سنة 1741.
في سنة 1757، حصل كافنديش على وسام كوبلي من الجمعية الملكية (التي كان نائبًا لرئيسها)، وكان ذلك لابتكاره مقياس حرارة.
كان ابنه الأكبر هنري كافنديش من الفيزيائيين والكيميائيين المعدودين في زمانهم.
المراجع
بريطانيون في القرن 18
حائزون على وسام كوبلاي
زملاء الجمعية الملكية
عائلة كافنديش
مواليد 1704
وفيات 1783
أعضاء برلمان بريطانيا العظمى في دوائر إنتخابية في داربيشير
أعضاء برلمان بريطانيا العظمى في دوائر إنتخابية في ويلتشاير
Erwin von Lahousen

Erwin von Lahousen
Generalmajor Erwin Heinrich René Lahousen, Edler von Vivremont (25 October 1897 – 24 February 1955) was a high-ranking Abwehr official during the Second World War, as well as a member of the German Resistance and a key player in attempts to assassinate Adolf Hitler on 13 March 1943 and 20 July 1944.
Background
An Austrian from an aristocratic family, Lahousen served in the Austro-Hungarian Army during the First World War. After the war, he became a member of Austrian counterintelligence. However, after the Anschluss in 1938, Austria's intelligence services were absorbed into Germany's, and Lahousen joined the Abwehr, headed by Admiral Wilhelm Canaris.
Second World War
Lahousen and Canaris took well to each other, as both shared anti-Nazi feelings. Lahousen became a member of a circle of hand-picked officers opposed to Hitler who ran the intelligence agency. Canaris appointed him chief of Abwehr section II, which dealt primarily with the Brandenburgers and sabotage.
Lahousen handled the successful sabotage aspects of the invasion of Poland in September 1939. But because Canaris did not give as much a priority to sabotage as to espionage, Lahousen ordered that agents destined for Britain be trained primarily for spying, with disastrous results. Saboteurs who landed in the United States during Operation Pastorius in June 1942 were betrayed to the FBI by one of their number, arrested, tried by military tribunal, and executed.
In 1943, Lahousen was sent to the Eastern Front and thus escaped the final days of the Abwehr, which, along with Canaris, had fallen into disfavour. Lahousen later claimed that he was the one who supplied the bomb used on the Smolensk plot (Operation Spark, 13 March 1943). The assassination attempt carried out by Fabian von Schlabrendorff failed.
After the failure of the assassination attempt and putsch (20 July plot), Claus von Stauffenberg and thousands of other accused plotters, including Canaris, were executed. Due to his service at the front, Lahousen escaped notice. On 19 July 1944 Lahousen was heavily wounded by an artillery hit.
Nuremberg trial
After the end of the war, Lahousen voluntarily testified against Hermann Göring and 21 other defendants at the Nuremberg war crimes trials in 1945–1946. Lahousen was the first witness for the prosecution, his prominence due to being the sole survivor of the 'Abwehr resistance'. Among other things, he gave evidence about the murder of hundreds of thousands of Soviet prisoners of war and the Einsatzgruppen death squads, who murdered more than a million Jews in the conquered areas of the Soviet Union, Poland and Ukraine.
Notes
See also
List of Germans who resisted Nazism
Schwarze Kapelle
References
Further reading
1897 births
1955 deaths
Abwehr personnel of World War II
Austrian resistance members
Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I
Edlers of Austria
Major generals of the German Army (Wehrmacht)
World War II espionage
Austrian military personnel of World War II
Austro-Hungarian Army officers
Theresian Military Academy alumni
Witnesses to the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg
أنس الخجا

أنس الخجا لاعب كرة قدم سوري من مواليد حمص، يلعب مع الكرامة الحمصي، وكان قد لعب مع منتخب سوريا لكرة القدم.
مراجع
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من حمص
رياضيون من حمص
لاعبو الدوري السوري
لاعبو كرة قدم سوريون
لاعبو كرة قدم من حمص
لاعبو منتخب سوريا لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي الكرامة
مواليد 1400 هـ
مواليد 1971
مواليد 1980
مواليد في حمص
Mohammad Fahim Dashty

Mohammad Fahim Dashty (1973 – 4 or 5 September 2021) was an Afghan journalist, politician and military official. In 2021, he served as spokesman of the National Resistance Front of Afghanistan during the Republican insurgency in Afghanistan.
Biography
Born around 1973, Dashty was the nephew of Afghan politician, Abdullah Abdullah, and a close associate of the family of the Northern Alliance leader, Ahmad Shah Massoud. He was with Massoud when the latter was killed by a suicide bombing on 9 September 2001. Dashty was badly wounded in the bombing.
After the United States invasion of Afghanistan, Dashty founded a newspaper based at Kabul and became known for supporting journalists and advocating freedom of speech in Afghanistan. He was a leader of the Afghanistan National Journalist Union (ANJU) as well as a key figure in the Federation for "Afghan Journalists and Media Entities", founded in 2012. In addition, he contributed to the South Asia Press Freedom Report.
In 2021, following the takeover of Afghanistan by Taliban, Dashty joined the National Resistance Front of Afghanistan as a spokesman. Beforehand, he had reportedly refused offers of a government post by the Taliban. Dashty was one of the main sources of information in the Panjshir Valley as the Taliban pressed in, issuing statements on Twitter. Shortly before his death, he stated "If we die, history will write about us, as people who stood for their country till the end of the line". On 4 or 5 September 2021, Dashty was killed in combat during the Taliban offensive into Panjshir. His death was confirmed by his friend Noor Rahman Akhlaqi on Facebook as well as other sources. The Taliban claimed that he had died as they had advanced into Bazarak, capital of the Panjshir Province. In contrast, the International Federation of Journalists stated that he had died alongside General Abdul Wodo Zara at Dashtak, Anaba District. According to unspecified sources and defense analyst Babak Taghvaee, Dashty was killed by a Pakistani drone strike during the fighting. NRF officials seconded these claims, specifying that Dashty had been killed by a Pakistani drone strike at Anaba. Pakistan and the Taliban denied this, with the latter eventually claiming that Dashy had been shot during a clash between NRF commanders. Reportedly BBC Persian, in an interview with Dashty, leaked a number leading to his location.
After his death, former colleagues, associates, and organizations like the ANJU, Afghanistan Independent Journalists' Association (AIJA), and the International Federation of Journalists released eulogies in his honor.
References
1970s births
2021 deaths
Afghan Tajik people
21st-century Afghan politicians
Politicians of Panjshir Province
Military personnel killed in the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
Deaths by drone strikes
Maggie Brown

Maggie Brown (born 1948) is an American playwright, director and actress.
Education
Maggie Brown was raised in Independence, Missouri, and graduated from Southwest Missouri State University. After moving to New York City, she worked in theater as a performer with Time & Space, Ltd. theatre company, and as Director of Children's Theatre at the Manhattan Theatre Club. As an acting teacher, she taught at the New York Association for the Blind, where she directed several Lighthouse Players productions, including The Little Foxes.
Work
On television, she performed guest roles on series including Barney Miller, Dallas, Highway to Heaven and Little House on the Prairie, and appeared in more than 250 television commercials.
Her first script, Sophisticated Nuts and Dried Fruit (1982), was produced in Los Angeles as three one-act plays, and staged in 2001 at Eastern Connecticut State University. Kenn Salmon and herself are co-authors of plays: Pat the Cat's Last Fling (1990) and Country Songbird with Wife.
As of 2011 and since writing Twelve Angry Jurors, Brown has performed with The Old Pros Theatre Group, a troupe of retired actors, musicians and dancers who stage productions for the Laguna Woods Village retirement community in Laguna Woods, California.
References
External links
American stage actresses
American television actresses
American theatre directors
1948 births
Living people
Actresses from Missouri
Writers from Independence, Missouri
American women dramatists and playwrights
20th-century American actresses
20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American actresses
21st-century American dramatists and playwrights
21st-century American women writers
American women theatre directors
Missouri State University alumni
إيفرتون كيمارايس فيريرا

إيفرتون كيمارايس فيريرا هو لاعب كرة قدم برازيلي في مركز الوسط، ولد في 14 نوفمبر 1986 في البرازيل. لعب مع نادي غواراني.
مراجع
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في رومانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية برازيليون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة القدم البرازيليون
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
رياضيون برازيليون مغتربون في رومانيا
لاعبو غواراني
لاعبو كرة قدم برازيليون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون برازيليون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في رومانيا
مواليد 1986
Emir Music

Emir Music (born 1 September 1964) is an Austrian/Croatian football manager and former footballer who played as a striker.
Club career
Born in Bosanska Krupa, Bosnia, back then still within Yugoslavia, he started playing with local club NK Bratstvo Bosanska Krupa. Soon after showing his scoring skills at his local club, he has been transferred to the higher league club NK Prijedor before making his first appearance in the Yugoslav First League in 1990 when he was playing for NK Osijek. He then moved to CD Castellón in Spain where he played for 2 seasons. In summer of 1993, he moved to the Austrian first league club Vorwärts Steyr where he played a strong first half of the season, leading the top scorer list prior to getting injured. After just one season, he was transferred to Croatian club Varteks, where he stayed two seasons. In 1996, he made a move back to Austria to SV Wörgl where he became one of the pillars in the offense leading the club as the top scorer into the second league. In 2000, still playing for SV Wörgl in the second league, he retired from professional football.
External links
1964 births
Living people
Austrian men's footballers
NK Osijek players
NK Varaždin (1931–2015) players
SK Vorwärts Steyr players
Men's association football forwards
People from Bosanska Krupa
Sportspeople from Una-Sana Canton
أندريا كوسو

أندريا كوسو (مواليد 3 مايو 1980 في كالياري - إيطاليا) لاعب كرة قدم إيطالي يلعب حاليا لصالح نادي الدرجة الأولى كالياري الإيطالي منذ 2008 في مركز الوسط المهاجم .
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
لاعبو كرة قدم من كالياري
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من كالياري
رياضيون من كالياري
لاعبو أولبيا كالسيو 1905
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي الدرجة الثالثة
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي الدرجة الرابعة
لاعبو كالياري
لاعبو كرة قدم إيطاليون
لاعبو كرة قدم من سردينيا
لاعبو منتخب إيطاليا لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي لوميتساني
لاعبو هيلاس فيرونا
مواليد 1980
مواليد في كالياري
Bahavar

Bahavar (also Romanized as Bahāvar) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Abhar County, Zanjan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 63, in 10 families.
References
Populated places in Abhar County
Computational epidemiology

Computational epidemiology is a multidisciplinary field that uses techniques from computer science, mathematics, geographic information science and public health to better understand issues central to epidemiology such as the spread of diseases or the effectiveness of a public health intervention. Computational epidemiology traces its origins to mathematical epidemiology, but began to experience significant growth with the rise of big data and the democratization of high-performance computing through cloud computing.
Introduction
In contrast with traditional epidemiology, computational epidemiology looks for patterns in unstructured sources of data, such as social media. It can be thought of as the hypothesis-generating antecedent to hypothesis-testing methods such as national surveys and randomized controlled trials.
A mathematical model is developed which describes the observed behavior of the viruses, based on the available data. Then simulations of the model are performed to understand the possible outcomes given the model used. These simulations produce as results projections which can then be used to make predictions or verify the facts and then be used to plan interventions and meters towards the control of the disease's spread.
References
External links
Sax Institute - Decision Analytics
Computational science
Epidemiology
جان لي

جان لي هي جندية كندية، ولدت في 26 يوليو 1924 في كرانبروك في كندا.
مراجع
أشخاص من كرانبروك (كولومبيا البريطانية)
تاريخ سلاح الجو
كنديات في الحرب العالمية الثانية
كنديات في القرن 20
كنديون من أصل صيني
مواليد 1924
نساء عسكريات كنديات
جو باتلر (موسيقي)

جو باتلر (موسيقي)
جو باتلر هو موسيقي أمريكي، ولد في 16 سبتمبر 1941 في لونغ آيلند في الولايات المتحدة.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أشخاص من لونغ آيلند
طبالو روك أمريكيون
طبالون أمريكيون
طبالون أمريكيون في القرن 20
كتاب أغان من ولاية نيويورك
كتاب وكاتبات أغان أمريكيون
مغنو فولك أمريكيون
مغنون أمريكيون
مواليد 1941
أفونديل وليامز

أفونديل وليامز هو لاعب كرة قدم ومدرب كرة قدم بريطاني في مركز الهجوم، ولد في 10 أكتوبر 1977 في جزر العذراء البريطانية في المملكة المتحدة. شارك مع منتخب الجزر العذراء البريطانية لكرة القدم. أما مع النوادي، فقد لعب مع .
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
لاعبو جزر العذراء البريطانية
لاعبو كرة قدم فنسينتيون
لاعبو كرة قدم متعددو اللعب الدولي
لاعبو منتخب جزر العذراء البريطانية لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب سانت فنسينت والجرينادينز لكرة القدم
مدربو منتخب جزر العذراء البريطانية الوطني لكرة القدم
مواليد 1977
Sudetenquell

Sudetenquell
The SS owned Sudetenquell GmbH (literally Sudeten Spring GmbH) was projected towards the end of 1938 and formally established in April 1939 (several months ahead of the invasion of Poland), as the mineral water producer in Sudetenland during World War II. To develop the springs for mass exploitation a forced labour camp in Czech territory opened in August 1942 in the West Bohemian place of Korunní Kyselka. It was a subcamp of KZ Flossenbürg. By 1944, the Schutzstaffel (SS) had purchased 75 per cent of the mineral water producers in Germany and were intending to acquire a monopoly.
Citations
References
Sudetenquell GmbH label and poster.
Defunct companies of Germany
Nazi SS
German companies established in 1939