Risør

Risør
is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located on the Skagerrak coast in the traditional region of Sørlandet. The administrative centre of Risør municipality is the town of Risør. There are many villages in Risør such as Akland, Bossvika, Fie, Hødnebø, Krabbesund, Moen, Nipe, Røysland, Sandnes, Sivik, Søndeled, and Stamsø.
Risør is a tourist destination, and the surrounding area includes many small lakes and hills. Together with its coastline, Risør is known for its tourist attractions such as the wooden boat festival which is staged during the first week of August every year. It also has a growing reputation as the regional capital of arts and crafts, which culminates in the "Villvin-festival" during the summer holiday.
The municipality is the 302nd largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Risør is the 147th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 6,735. The municipality's population density is and its population has decreased by 2.4% over the previous 10-year period.
General information
The town of Risør was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). On 1 January 1901, a part of the neighboring Søndeled municipality (population: 658) was transferred to Risør. During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, the rural municipality of Søndeled (population: 3,134) was merged into the town of Risør (population: 3,002) to form a new municipality of Risør which had a population of 6,136. On 1 January 1984, the uninhabited Folevatnet area of neighboring Tvedestrand was transferred to Risør.
Name
The town and municipality is named after the small island of Risøya which is located on the sea, just off the coast of the town. The name likely comes from the Old Norse name . The first element is which means "thicket" or "brush". The last element is which means "islands". The relatively more modern Danish language version of eyjar is øer, hence the current spelling of "Risør". The old name of the town (prior to 1909) was Øster Riisöer or Østerrisør (with meaning "eastern" Risør). After 1909, it was simply called Risør. The prefix was added in the 16th century to distinguish this town from the town of Vesterrisør, the old name of the nearby town of Mandal. After Vesterrisør was renamed Mandal, the prefix was dropped as it was no longer needed.
Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 18 July 1891. The blazon is "Azure, per fess a rocky island sable with lighthouse and two stars argent over barry wavy azure and argent". This means the arms have a blue field (background) and the charge is a black rocky island coming out of blue waves with a lighthouse on the island and two stars in the sky. The charge has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The arms often have a mural crown over the shield. The lighthouse was chosen to symbolize the Holmen fortress built in 1788. The history of these arms is quite curious. It is said that on 18 July 1891 King Oscar II visited the town of Risør so a menu had to be printed. It was printed with a coat of arms on the top, which was probably designed by the printer. That afternoon the King approved the new arms, mainly because his name was printed under the arms on the menu. The municipal flag does not has the same design as the coat of arms. The blue flag has one white star in the top left corner and three jagged horizontal white stripes.
Churches
The Church of Norway has two parishes within the municipality of Risør. It is part of the Aust-Nedenes prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark.
History
The village of Risør was a small fishing village in the prestegjeld of Søndeled when Dutch vessels began to call there to purchase timber around the year 1570. By 1607, two inns had been opened to serve Dutch sailors. In 1630, Risør became a privileged port (ladested). The town has a timber church, Risør Church which was built in the Baroque style in 1647.
In 1723, Risør was granted town status which granted it a number of commercial privileges. By the end of the 18th century, 96 sailing vessels were owned by Risør merchants. It was the sixth largest shipping town and one of four shipbuilding centers in Norway.
In Letters on Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, Mary Wollstonecraft wrote extensively while visiting Risør in 1783, including the following remarks:
On entering Risør: "We were a considerable time entering amongst the islands, before we saw about two hundred houses crowded together under a very high rock—still higher appearing above."
While at Risør: "...seaports are not favorable to improvement. The captains acquire a little superficial knowledge by traveling, which their indefatigable attention to the making of money prevents their digesting; and the fortune that they thus laboriously acquire is spent, as it usually is in towns of this description, in show and good living."
While departing Risør: "The view of the town was now extremely fine. A huge rocky mountain stood up behind it, and a vast cliff stretched on each side, forming a semicircle. In a recess of the rocks was a clump of pines, amongst which a steeple rose picturesquely beautiful."
Risør played a role in the Napoleonic Wars in 1807–1814, when Denmark–Norway took France's side, and therefore became the enemy of Norway's most important trading-partner: Great Britain. (It is from this period that Henrik Ibsen took his subject, when he created his famous poem Terje Vigen.) It was south of Risør, in Lyngør (now in the neighboring Tvedestrand municipality) that several British warships, headed by of the English navy pursued and sank the last major vessel and the pride of Norway: the frigate HDMS Najaden.
On 1 January 1838, the new formannskapsdistrikt law came into effect, granting each parish and town in Norway the rights to have a self-governing council. Thus, Risør was a small town with a council to run it.
Risør was almost wiped off the map in 1861. A great fire swept across the small town leaving just 85 houses and the 1647 Risør Church. The entire road network was re-worked after the fire to remove the small streets and alleys and have wider roads that are there today. The city was redesigned and rebuilt and today it presents a positive impression of a well kept town with white, wooden houses. White was chosen because it was an expensive paint and the residents wanted to give an expression of prosperity. Still today, most houses have white paint, although some have other colors on the sides and back of their houses.
By the second half of the 19th century, over 100 sailing vessels were based at their home port in Risør and more than 1,000 sailors called Risør home. The transition to steamships and the economic damage of World War I, however, destroyed Risør's shipping industry.
On 1 January 1901, an area of the neighboring municipality of Søndeled (population: 658) was transferred to the city, greatly expanding Risør. During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, the town of Risør (population: 3,002) and the entire municipality of Søndeled (population: 3,134) were merged to form a new, much larger municipality of Risør, with the town being the administrative centre.
Geography
Risør is the easternmost coastal municipality in Agder county, located on the peninsula between the mouths of the Søndeledfjorden and Sandnesfjorden, providing ready access to the Skagerrak. Risør municipality is bordered to the southwest by Tvedestrand, to the northwest by Vegårshei and Gjerstad, and to the northeast by Kragerø in Vestfold og Telemark county. The Nordfjorden is a branch of the Søndeledfjorden that flows to the north of the large island of Barmen.
Government
All municipalities in Norway are responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Agder District Court and the Agder Court of Appeal.
Municipal council
The municipal council of Risør is made up of 29 representatives that are elected to four-year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.
Mayors
The mayors of Risør (incomplete list):
1845-1845: Jacob Wetlesen Prebensen
1851-1851: Jacob Wetlesen Prebensen
1862-1866: Jacob Wetlesen Prebensen
1871-1876: Peder Christian Bjørnsgaard
1877-1880: Søren Hille
1880-1909: Jacob Christian Wetlesen Prebensen
1922-1922: Andreas Hansson (V)
1988-1995: Laila Amalie Skarheim (Ap)
1995-2007: Lars Lauvhjell (Sp)
2007-2011: Knut Henning Thygesen (R)
2011-present: Per Kristian Lunden (Ap)
Politics
In the 2007 municipal elections, Risør had the highest vote for the Red Electoral Alliance in Norway at 13.7 per cent. Also, Knut Henning Thygesen was elected as the only mayor from the Red Party through a direct mayor election.
Transportation
Risør is located along the Skaggerak coast. The Stangholmen Lighthouse sits just offshore, marking a shipping channel leading to the town harbour. The European route E18 highway runs along the western edge of the municipality. The Norwegian County Road 416 connects the E18 highway with the town centre in the eastern side of the municipality. Other main roads in Risør include Norwegian County Road 411 and Norwegian County Road 418.
Economy
Risør was a town built as a result of shipping and industrial interests. The historic timber and fishing industries thrived for a few hundred years, but now they have mostly vanished. Paper production served as an economic basis for a time, until the pulp factory was closed in 1970. Today Risør is more of a tourist destination with a burgeoning art colony and music festivals. Summer vacationers account for a major part of the economy.
Attractions
Risør has many tourist attractions.
A world class chamber music festival, is held in late June
A bluegrass music-festival every mid-July. Norway's only festival of its kind.
A popular artists’ market (Villvinmarked or "Villvin-festival") is held in July
A wooden boat festival (Trebåtfestival) is held in August. During the festival the population swells to 20,000 people.
Den Hellige Ånds Church, built in 1647
The citadel at Tangen, a fortification from the Napoleonic Wars (with modifications from the German occupation period)
Risør Akvarium, salt water aquarium with over 100 different species. The only salt water aquarium in the south region of Norway.
Risør Underwater Post Office, is established in 2004.
Notable people
Isak Lauritssøn Falck (1601–1669), a land owner and timber merchant who developed Risør
Christian Jensen Lofthuus (1750-1797), a peasant who led a revolt in 1786 called Lofthusreisingen
Henrik Carstensen (1753–1835), a timber merchant, shipowner, rep. Norwegian Constituent Assembly
Carsten Henrik Bruun (1828–1907), a shipmaster of whaling vessels, also involved in sealing
Nikolai Prebensen (1850–1938), a politician and County Governor of Finnmark & Aust-Agder
Dikken Zwilgmeyer (1853–1913), a Norwegian fiction writer of children's literature
Isak Martinius Skaugen (1875–1962), a sea captain, founded I. M. Skaugen a shipping co.
Ove Ansteinsson (1884–1942), a journalist and author
Per Sunderland (1924–2012), a Norwegian stage and film actor
Victor D. Norman (born 1946), a politician & professor of economy and rector at NHH
Carl Magnus Neumann (born 1944), a jazz saxophonist, lived in Risør since 2000
Knut Henning Thygesen (born 1953), an author and politician, Mayor of Risør from 2007
Erik Mykland (born 1971), a footballer with 371 club caps and 78 for Norway
References
External links
Municipal fact sheet from Statistics Norway
Risor Rødt
Risør kommune
Risør Wooden Boat Festival annually in August
Tourist Information Risør
Visit Risør
Det Lille Hotel
Aust Agder News
Risør chamber music festival
Culture in Risør on the map
Map of Aust-Agder including Risør municipality
Risørby – facts and pictures of Risør
Municipalities of Agder
1838 establishments in Norway