Harald Turner

Harald Turner (8 October 1891 – 9 March 1947) was a German lawyer, civil servant and Nazi Party politician. He was also an SS-Gruppenführer in the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia during the Second World War. From 1941 to 1942, as head of the German Military Administration's staff in Belgrade, Turner played a leading role in the murder of Jews and Roma. In addition, in 1944, as deputy head of the SS Race and Settlement Main Office, he was instrumental in executing Germanization policy, particularly in the General Government and the Soviet Union. He was executed in Belgrade for his war crimes.
Early life
The son of a military officer, Turner attended cadet schools, including the main Prussian military academy at Groß-Lichterfelde. He entered the Royal Prussian Army in 1908 as an infantry officer and fought in the First World War. He served in both combat and staff positions, was wounded and earned the Iron Cross, 1st and 2nd class. From December 1918 to May 1919 he served as the adjutant to the commander of the Wesel fortress, and from then to March 1920 he served in the Freikorps "Wesel". He was discharged from the military in April 1920 with the rank of Hauptmann. He then entered the Prussian civil service and worked in the pension offices at Wesel, Mainz, Bad Kreuznach and Trier until 1926, becoming in April of that year a Regierungsrat (Government Counsel). From 1927 to 1930 he studied at the University of Giessen and obtained his doctorate in law. In April 1929, he became the finance commissioner for utilities in the Saar Territory.
Nazi party and SS career
In January 1930, Turner became a member of the Nazi Party (membership number 970,460) and, in April 1932, also a member of the SS (SS member number 34,799). After the Nazi seizure of power, he was appointed the Regierungspräsident (District President) in Koblenz on 13 May 1933, a post he held until January 1936. On 1 February, he was promoted to Ministerial Director in the Prussian Ministry of Finance as head of the personnel and payroll department, a post he would hold until 1945. In April 1934 he joined the SD Main Office (later, part of the Reich Security Main Office, RSHA). Turner became a Major in the army reserves in February 1937. After the incorporation of the Sudetenland into Germany in October 1938, he served there until December, first as the chief of civil administration, and then as the representative of the District President of Egerland with headquarters in Karlsbad (today, Karlovy Vary). In 1938, Prussian Minister President Hermann Göring appointed Turner to the Prussian State Council where he served until the fall of the Nazi regime.
After the invasion of Poland, Turner worked from September 1939 as chief of the military administration's staff in the General Government and, in July 1940, was sent to occupied France to work in the same capacity. In April 1941, Turner was made head of the German military administration's staff in Serbia and attained his final promotion to SS-Gruppenführer in September. Turner suggested that all Serbian Jews be deported to Romania or the General Government. SS-Obersturmbannführer Adolf Eichmann, head of the RSHA office that handled Jewish affairs and evacuations, sent a reply indicating that those places could not even take all the German Jews, and he proposed that Turner focus on killing the Serbian Jews by shooting them. Soon after Turner received this response, he began the rapid and ruthless massacre of Serbian Jews and Roma. In an order dated 26 October 1941, Turner wrote that Jews and Roma represented a threat to public order and security, the more so as the Jewish intelligentsia had caused the war and had to be destroyed. Turner alleged, without evidence, that Roma men were working with the Jews in partisan warfare and were responsible for many atrocities, and several thousands were killed. Just six months later, on 11 April 1942, he reported to Karl Wolff, chief of the Personal Staff Reichsführer-SS, about the murders that were carried out:
Already some months ago, I shot dead all the Jews I could get my hands on in this area, concentrated all the Jewish women and children in a camp and with the help of the SD got my hands on a "delousing van", that in about 14 days to 4 weeks will have brought about the definitive clearing out of the camp …
By the beginning of May 1942, all 7,500 inmates of the Sajmište concentration camp, mostly Jewish women and children, had been killed by the gas van. On August 29 of the same year, during a presentation given to Generaloberst Alexander Löhr, the Wehrmacht Commander-in-Chief Southeast, he boasted: "Serbia is the only country that has solved the Jewish question and the Gypsy question". Turner left his Serbian post in November 1942 and, in December 1943, was appointed Deputy Chief of the Race and Settlement Main Office at SS headquarters in Berlin, under SS-Obergruppenführer Richard Hildebrandt. At the end of January 1944, he was granted the rank of Generalleutnant of the Waffen-SS.
Dismissal, capture, trial and execution
In July 1944, when speaking at the SS-Junker School at Bad Tölz, Turner made derogatory remarks about Reichsleiter Martin Bormann and about the relationship between the Party and the SS. On 19 August 1944, he was placed on leave and, on 5 September, was relieved of his position at SS headquarters and was sent to the front. At the end of the war in Europe, Turner was captured by the British as a prisoner of war and was extradited to Yugoslavia in October 1946. Turner stood trial for war crimes before a military court in Belgrade between 27 February and 3 March 1947, was found guilty and executed by hanging on 9 March.
SS ranks
References
Sources
External links
"… a 'Delousing Van'…": Euphemism for Murder at The Holocaust History Project
Harald Turner entry, p. 499 in Das Deutsche Führerlexikon 1934-1935
Perpetrating The Holocaust: Leaders, Enablers, and Collaborators (Online edition)
1891 births
1947 deaths
20th-century German civil servants
20th-century Freikorps personnel
Executed German mass murderers
Executed people from Hesse
Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia perpetrators
German Army personnel of World War I
Holocaust perpetrators in Yugoslavia
Jewish Serbian history
Lawyers in the Nazi Party
Members of the Prussian State Council (Nazi Germany)
Nazi Party officials
Nazis convicted of war crimes
Nazis executed by Yugoslavia by hanging
People from Lahn-Dill-Kreis
Recipients of the clasp to the Iron Cross, 2nd class
Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 1st class
Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 2nd class
Recipients of the War Merit Cross
Reich Security Main Office personnel
Romani genocide perpetrators
Serbia under German occupation
SS-Gruppenführer
University of Giessen alumni
Waffen-SS personnel