Hadharem

Hadharem
The Hadharem or the Hadhrami (singular) are an Arab sub-ethnic group indigenous to the Hadhramaut region in South Arabia, which is part of modern-day eastern Yemen. They speak Hadhrami Arabic, an Arabic dialect with heavy influence from the extinct South Semitic Hadramautic language. Among the two million inhabitants of Hadhramaut, there are about 1,300 distinct tribes.
Social hierarchy
As in other regions of Yemen, Hadhrami society is stratified into several groups. At the top of hierarchy are the religious elites, or sada, who can trace their descent to the Prophet Muhammad. These are followed by the sheikhs, and then the Bedouins: peasants who belong to tribes and who live mainly from agriculture and trading. Finally, at the bottom of the hierarchy are the Al-Muhamashīn, or "the marginalized" (previously referred to as "al-akhdam", or "servants".)
Language
The Hadharem speak Hadhrami Arabic, a dialect of Arabic, although Hadharem living in the diaspora that have acculturated mainly speak the local language of the region they live in.
Diaspora
The Hadharem have a long seafaring and trading tradition that predates Semitic cultures. Hadramite influence was later overshadowed by the rise of the Sabaeans, who became the ruling class. This prompted Hadhrami seamen to emigrate in large numbers around the Indian Ocean basin, including the Horn of Africa, the Swahili Coast, the Malabar Coast, Hyderabad in South India, Sri Lanka, and Maritime Southeast Asia.
Hadharem in the Arabian Gulf
Hadharami communities exist in western Yemen, the trading ports of the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, and on the coast of the Red Sea. The money changers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia have historically been of Hadhrami origin.
Hadhrami East Africans
The Hadharem have long had a presence in the Horn of Africa (Djibouti, Ethiopia and Somalia), and also comprise a notable part of the Harari population. Hadhrami settlers were instrumental in helping to consolidate the Muslim community in the coastal Benadir province of Somalia, in particular. During the colonial period, disgruntled Hadharem from the tribal wars settled in various Somali towns. They were also frequently recruited into the armies of the Somali Sultanates.
Some Hadhrami communities also reportedly exist in Mozambique, Comoros, and Madagascar.
Hadhrami Jews
The vast majority of the Hadhrami Jews now live in Israel.
List of Hadhrami Diaspora
Sri Lankan Moors
Arab Indonesian
Arab Malaysian
Arab Singaporean
Chaush, India
Sodagar (Gujarati Shaikh)
Konkani Muslims of the Konkani division of Maharashtra (partially)
Nawayath, of Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka, India; Barkas, Hyderabad, India
Mappila of Kerala, India
Hadhrami Jews in Israel and abroad
The Surti Sunni Vohra Community in Gujarat that are partially of Hadhrami descent
Lemba people who claim Jewish ancestry via Hadramaut's historic Jewish population
Notable people
Yemen
Mohammed A. Al-Hadhrami, the Foreign Minister of the Republic of Yemen
Waleed salam Bills wad Bin Hilabi
Abd Al-Rahman Ali Al-Jifri, politician
Abdulaziz Al-Saqqaf, human-rights activist
Faisal Bin Shamlan, politician
Habib Ali al-Jifri, Islamic scholar
Habib Umar bin Hafiz, Islamic scholar
Habib Abdullah bin Alwi al-Haddad, Sufi saint
Imam Muhammad al-Faqih Muqaddam, founder of Ba'alawi Sufi order
Sayyid Abu Bakr Al-Aidarus (saint)
Syed Alwi Jamalullail, wali
Swahili Coast
Awadh Saleh Sherman, Kenya, businessman
Najib Balala, Kenya, Minister of Tourism
Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi, President of Comoros
Habib Salih, Lamu, Kenya, religious scholar
Khadija Abdalla Bajaber, Mombasa, Kenya, poet and novelist
Mohamed Saleh Bawazir, businessman and philanthropist
Taiba Ali Bajaber, former Mayor of Mombasa
Bushra Mohamed, British-Kenyan, Architect, Academic & Writer
North Africa
Artega tribe, Babkeer, Sudan
Horn of Africa
Mohammed Al Amoudi, Ethiopia, businessman
Erstwhile Hyderabad State(Deccan)
General El Edroos,last Army general of hyderabad state
Shaik Salman Bin Abdul Jabbar Bawazeer, A.C Guards, Hyderabad, India
Sulaiman Areeb, Hyderabad, India, poet
Awaz Sayeed, Hyderabad, India, Urdu writer and poet
Abdulla Bin Ali Bahazab [Hyderabad,
India],
Indonesia
Abdurrahman Baswedan, Journalist
Abdurrahman Shihab, Academic and Politician
Najwa Shihab, Journalist and tv presenter
Abu Bakar Bashir, founder of Jamaah Islamiyah
Ali Alatas, former Foreign Minister
Ahmad bin Abdullah Al Saqqaf, novelist and poet
Alwi Shihab, former Foreign Minister, special envoy to Middle East and OIC
Anies Baswedan, scholar, former Education Minister, Governor of Jakarta (2017-)
Nadiem Anwar Makarim, Minister of Education and Culture
Fadel Muhammad al-Haddar, former Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries
Fuad Hassan, Minister of Education and Culture
Hamid Algadri, a figure in Indonesian National Revolution and member of parliament
Sultan Hamid II, Pontianak Sultanate
Habib Abdoe'r Rahman Alzahier, religious leader
Habib Ali al-Habshi of Kwitang, religious leader
Habib Munzir Al-Musawa, Islamic cleric
Habib Rizieq Shihab, founder of FPI
Habib Usman bin Yahya, Mufti of Batavia
Jafar Umar Thalib, founder of Laskar Jihad
Sultan Badaruddin II, Sultan of Palembang
Munir Said Thalib Al-Kathiri, human rights activist
Nuruddin ar-Raniri, Islamic scholar
Quraish Shihab, Islamic scholar
Raden Saleh, Artist/painter
Said Naum, a philanthropist
Sayyid Abdullah Al-Aidarus, religious leader
Andi Soraya, Actress
Ahmad Albar, Musician
East Timor
Mari Alkatiri, former Prime Minister
Malaysia
Habib Alwi bin Thahir al-Haddad, Mufti of Johor Bahru
Scha Alyahya
Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas, philosopher
Syed Hussein Alatas, politician and sociologist
Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir, writer
Syed Hamid Albar, politician
Syed Jaafar Albar, politician
Syed Sheh Hassan Barakbah, judge
Syarif Masahor, warrior
Syed Mokhtar Al-Bukhary businessman
Syed Nasir Ismail, politician
Tun Habib Abdul Majid, Grand Vizier
Zeti Akhtar Aziz, Governor of Central Bank
House of Jamalullail (Perak)
House of Jamalullail (Perlis)
Singapore
Alsagoff family
Syed Abdul Rahman Alsagoff, merchant
Syed Mohamed Alsagoff, military leader
Syed Sharif Omar bin Ali Al Junied, merchant and namesake of Aljunied Road
South Asia
General El Edroos
Shaik Salman Bin Abdul Jabbar Bawazeer, A.C Guards, Hyderabad, India
Sulaiman Areeb, Hyderabad, India, poet
Awaz Sayeed, Hyderabad, India, Urdu writer and poet
Abdullah Bin Ahmed Balala
Hyderabad, India
Ahmed Bin Abdullah Balala
Ahmed Abdullah Masdoosi, Pakistan
Nuruddin ar-Raniri, Islamic scholar
Shah Jalal, Bangladesh, Sufi saint
Shah Paran, Bangladesh, Sufi saint
Subhani ba Yunus, Pakistan, actor
Qatar
Bawazir family
Bayazid family
Bin Hilabi family
Bahantoush Al-Kindi family
Abu Futtaim family
Belgaith family
Bakhamees family
Al Attas family
Al Kathiri family
Baharoon family
Bin Shahbal family
Al Jeenadi/Junaidi
Al Amoodi
Saudi Arabia
Bin Laden family
Mohammed Al Amoudi, businessman
Bin Gursain family
Khalid bin Mahfouz
See also
Hadhramout Region
Arab Indonesians
Hadrami sheikhdom
History of the Jews in Hadramaut
Ibn Khaldun al-Hadrami
Lemba people
Yemenite Jews
References
Further reading
AHMED BIN SALAM BAHIYAL who came from hadramaut to MAHABUBNAGAR (HYDERABAD) INDIA, 1821
Arab groups
Arab diaspora
Yemeni diaspora
Ethnic groups in the Middle East