Conflicts in the Horn of Africa

Conflicts in the Horn of Africa have been occurring since the 17th century BCE. The Horn of Africa includes the nations of Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia and the de facto independent nation of Somaliland.
Ancient
Invasion of Ancient Egypt by the Kingdom of Kush and the Land of Punt (17th century BC).
Medieval and Early Modern
Ifat's conquest of Makhzumi (1285)
Conquests of Emperor Amda Seyon I (1314–1344)
Battle of Gomit (1445) between the Ethiopian Empire and the Adal Sultanate
Ethiopian–Adal War (1529–1559)
Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1538–1560)
Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1586–1589)
Gobroon–Bardera War (late 18th century)
British expedition to Abyssinia (1867–1868)
Egyptian–Ethiopian War (1874–1876)
Menelik's Invasions (1878–1904)
Mahdist War (1881–1899)
Italo-Ethiopian War of 1887–1889 between the Italy and the Ethiopia
Banadir resistance (1888–1924) between Italy and Somali rebels
First Italo-Ethiopian War (1895–1896) between the Italy and the Ethiopia
Early 20th century
Somaliland campaign (1899–1920) against the United Kingdom, Italy, Ethiopia, and other Somalis
Battle of Segale (1916) in Ethiopia
1922 Burao tax revolt (1922) between Habar Yoonis tribesmen and the United Kingdom
Abyssinia Crisis (1935) between Ethiopia and Italy
Second Italo-Ethiopian War (1935–1936) between the Kingdom of Italy and the Ethiopian Empire
World War II
East African campaign (1940–1941) of Italy against the United Kingdom, the Commonwealth of Nations, Belgium and Ethiopia
Italian guerrilla war in Ethiopia (1941–1943)
1945 Sheikh Bashir rebellion (1945) between Habr Je'lo tribesmen and the United Kingdom
Cold War
Eritrean War of Independence (1961–1991), between Eritrean liberation fronts (primarily the EPLF and early on also the ELF) and the Ethiopian Empire (1961–1974) and Marxist Derg-ruled Ethiopia (1974–1991)
1961 revolt in Somalia
Somali–Kenyan conflict (from 1963)
Shifta War (1963–1967), separatist insurgency by ethnic Somalis in Kenya
Eritrean Civil Wars (1972–1974;1980–1981) between the EPLF and ELF
Ethiopian Civil War (1974–1991), between the Derg and various rebel groups; included the Red Terror
Oromo conflict (from 1973)
Ogaden War (1977–1978) between Ethiopia and Somalia
Somaliland War of Independence (1981-1991), between the Somali National Movement and Somalia
Ethiopian–Somali Border War (1982)
Post-Cold War
Somali Civil War (1978–present)
War in Somalia (2006–2009)
Somali Civil War (2009–present)
Djiboutian Civil War (1991–1994)
Hanish Islands conflict (1995) between Yemen and Eritrea
Second Afar insurgency (1995–2018)
Insurgency in Ogaden (1995–2018)
2007–2008 Ethiopian crackdown in Ogaden
Eritrean–Ethiopian War (1998–2000)
Puntland-Somaliland dispute (1998–present)
Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict (2008)
Gedeo– Guji clashes (1995–2018)
Oromia–Somali clashes (2016–2018)
Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)
Oromo conflict (1973–present)
OLA insurgency (2018–present)
Tigray War (2020–2022)
Benishangul-Gumuz conflict (2019–2022)
Afar–Somali clashes (2020–present)
War in Amhara (2023–present)
Al-Fashaga conflict (2020–2022)
Al-Shabaab invasion of Ethiopia (2022)
See also
Political history of Eastern Africa (for ancient, medieval, and early modern conflicts)
History of Djibouti
History of Eritrea
History of Ethiopia
History of Somalia
References
Horn of Africa Concerns from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
Wars involving Ethiopia
Wars involving Eritrea
Wars of independence
War on terror
Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Africa
Civil wars of the 20th century
Civil wars of the 21st century
Cold War in Africa
Separatist rebellion-based civil wars
Africa-related lists
Cold War conflicts
Wars involving Djibouti
Wars involving Somalia