Open Marxism

Open Marxism, also called the 'warm stream' of Marxism, is a critical Marxist school of thought which draws on libertarian socialist critiques of state-socialism and stresses the need for openness to praxis and history through an anti-positivist (dialectical) method grounded in the "practical reflexivity" of Karl Marx's own concepts. The "openness" in open Marxism also refers to a non-deterministic view of history in which the unpredictability of class struggle is foregrounded. There is significant overlap with some forms of Post-Marxism. It is often humanist, and very strongly anti-structuralist, whether Leninist or Althusserian
Overview
The sources of open Marxism are many, from György Lukács' return to the philosophical roots of Marx's thinking to council communism, the New Left and elements of Autonomism and situationism. Intellectual affinities with autonomist Marxism were especially strong and led to the creation of the journal The Commoner (2001–2012) following in the wake of previous open Marxist journals Arguments (1958–1962) and Common Sense (1987–1999). In the 1970s and 1980s, state-derivationist debates around the separation of the economic and the political under capitalism unfolded in the San Francisco-based working group Kapitalistate and the Conference of Socialist Economists journal Capital & Class, involving many of the theorists of Open Marxism and significantly influencing its theoretical development.
Three volumes entitled Open Marxism were published by Pluto Press in the 1990s. A fourth volume, again published by Pluto, appeared in 2020. The authorship of the latest volume showed how far the influence of Open Marxism has spread from Europe to Latin America. There, new open Marxist works are frequently published on the website Comunizar.
Theorists
John Holloway
Simon Clarke
Werner Bonefeld
Ana C Dinerstein
Richard Gunn
Kosmas Psychopedis
Alfonso Garcia Vela
Sergio Tischler
Peter Burnham
Mike Rooke
Hans-Georg Backhaus
Helmut Reichelt
Harry Cleaver
Johannes Agnoli
Mike Neary
Adrian Wilding
Edith Gonzalez
Frederick Harry Pitts
Kostas Axelos
Antonio Negri
Ernst Bloch
Karl Korsch
Rosa Luxemburg
Theodor Adorno
Antonio Gramsci
György Lukács
Criticism
Some critics have alleged that open Marxism is too open and only loosely Marxist. A charge of 'subjectivism' and 'voluntarism' is sometimes levelled at open Marxism, though its authors, particularly John Holloway have responded to this.
Others claim that open Marxist accounts tend to treat the national capitalist state abstractly, without reference to uneven and combined development and international forms of class struggle in the capitalist "world-system".
See also
Antipositivism
Neo-Marxism
Parametric determinism
Post-Marxism
References
Further reading
Axelos, K. ([1976] 1961). Alienation, Techne and Praxis in the Thought of Karl Marx. Trans. R. Buzina. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Axelos, K. (1984). Systematique ouverte (Open Systems). Les Editions de Minuit: Paris.
Bonefeld, W., Gunn, R., Psychopedis, K. (Eds.)(1992). Open Marxism, vol. 1: Dialectics and History. London: Pluto Press.
Bonefeld, W., Gunn, R., Psychopedis, K. (Eds.)(1992). Open Marxism - vol. 2: Theory and Practice. London: Pluto Press.
Bonefeld, W., Holloway, J., Psychopedis, K. (Eds.)(1995). Open Marxism - vol. 3: Emancipating Marx. London: Pluto Press.
Bonefeld, W., and Psychopedis, K. (Eds.).(2005). Human Dignity: Social Autonomy and the Critique of Capitalism. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Ltd.
Clarke, S. (1983). "State, Class Struggle, and the Reproduction of Capital". Kapitalistate. Vol. 10 (11): pg. 118-33.
Clarke, S. ed. (1991). The State Debate. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Cleaver, H. (1977). Reading Capital Politically. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
Dinerstein, A., Garcia Vela, A. Gonzalez,E., Holloway, J. (2020). Open Marxism 4: Against a Closing World. London: Pluto.
Holloway, J., Matamoros, F., Tischler, S. (2009). Negativity and Revolution: Adorno & Political Activism. London: Pluto Press
Holloway, J. (2002). Change the World Without Taking Power: The Meaning of Revolution Today. London: Pluto Press.
External links
Common Sense journal
Autonomism
Eponymous political ideologies
Marxist theory
Neo-Marxism