PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
Deir ez-Zor suspension bridge

Deir ez-Zor suspension bridge
The Deir ez-Zor suspension bridge was a pedestrian suspension bridge crossing the Euphrates River, in the city of Deir ez-Zor in north-eastern Syria.
The former footbridge connected, across the Euphrates River, the Levant region and the main section of the city on the southern bank, with Upper Mesopotamia region and the eastern section of the city on the northern bank.
History
The iron/steel pedestrian bridge was built in 1927, by the French construction company Fougerolle (then-under Le Soliditit Françs), during the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon period (1920−1941).
The Deir ez-Zor suspension bridge was destroyed in May 2013, from shelling by Syrian Army forces during the Syrian Civil War.
After the suspension bridge was destroyed, the Siyasiyeh Bridge became the last entry route across the Euphrates to the western section of the city and the adjoining province of Hasakeh. However the locally renamed "bridge of death" was sufficiently dangerous to attacks that only one vehicle could speed across the bridge at a time during night time darkness. It was destroyed in the autumn of 2014, being blown up as a result of the battle between the Islamic State of Iraq and Sham and the Syrian Army.
See also
Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–14)
Battle of Deir ez-Zor – in 1941, during World War II
References
External links
Bridges in Syria
Bridges over the Euphrates River
Buildings and structures in Deir ez-Zor
Demolished bridges
Footbridges
Steel bridges
Suspension bridges
Bridges completed in 1927
Buildings and structures demolished in 2013
1927 establishments in Mandatory Syria
2013 in the Syrian civil war
Terrorist incidents in Syria in 2013
French colonial architecture
بيل وينتيرز

بيل وينتيرز هو مصرفي أمريكي، ولد في سبتمبر 1961.
مراجع
أصحاب أعمال من كونيتيكت
خريجو جامعة كولغيت
خريجو كلية وارتون لإدارة الأعمال
رؤساء تنفيذيون أمريكيون من شركات خدمات مالية
مصرفيون أمريكيون
مواليد 1961
انتشار التفعيل

انتشار التفعيل في علم الأعصاب هي الفرضية القائلة بأن تفعيل خلية عصبية يفعل الخلايا الأخرى المرتبطة بها. وهو في علم النفس تصور لترابط الصور الذهنية المحفوظة يقول بأن استحضار صورة محفوظة واحدة يستحضر الصور الأخرى المرتبطة بها. والتفعيل عبارة عن جعل الشيء يفعل.
انظر أيضًا
نظرية الترابط
المراجع
دلالات
خوارزميات
خوارزميات بحث
خوارزميات مخططات
ذاكرة
ذكاء اصطناعي
علم اللغة النفسي
علم المعاني
فينتشنزو فيرارا

فينتشنزو فيرارا هو لاعب كرة قدم إيطالي في مركز ، ولد في 29 يونيو 1993 في كازيرتا في إيطاليا.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أجنحة كرة قدم
أشخاص من كازيرتا
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي الدرجة الثالثة
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي الدرجة الرابعة
لاعبو ساسولو
لاعبو فيرتوس فيرونا
لاعبو كرة قدم إيطاليون
لاعبو كرة قدم من كامبانيا
لاعبو نادي ترينتو
لاعبو نادي ريجينا 1919
مواليد 1993
ألكسندر بيغام

ألكسندر بيغام
الميجور جنرال السير ألكسندر غوردون بيغام ـ (14 أبريل 1888 ـ 22 مارس 1963) هو طبيب وضابط جيش اسكتلندي، عمل أستاذًا للطب بالجامعة المصرية.
تعلم في كلية جورج واطسون، ثم حصل على درجة البكالوريوس في الطب والجراحة من جامعة إدنبرة سنة 1911، ثم عمل طبيبًا مقيمًا بمشفى إدنبرة الملكي، وفي سنة 1912 كُلف بالعمل في الفيلق الطبي بالجيش الملكي البريطاني، فشارك من هذا الموقع في معارك الحرب العالمية الأولى على الجبهة الفرنسية، حيث جُرح سنة 1915، ثم خدم في الهند بين عامي 1916 و1921، ونال وسام الإمبراطورية البريطانية عن خدمته مع حملة وزيرستان (1919 ـ 1921) على الجبهة الشمالية الغربية للهند.
في سنة 1924 نال بيغام درجة الدكتوراه في الطب من جامعة إدنبرة، ثم عمل مديرًا لقسم الأمراض الباطنة بمستشفى قصر العيني بالقاهرة وأستاذًا للطب الإكلينيكي بالجامعة المصرية (1926 ـ 1933). عمل بيغام بعد ذلك ممتحنًا في تخصص الأمراض الباطنة بمدرسة كتشنر للطب بالخرطوم والجامعة الأميركية في بيروت، ثم عُين سنة 1937 طبيبًا شرفيًا للملك جورج السادس.
في الحرب العالمية الثانية، خدم بيغام في الهند وبورما، وعُين طبيبًا استشاريًا للجيش البريطاني في الفترة من سنة 1941 إلى سنة 1947.
عُين بيغام لدى عودته إلى اسكتلندا محاضرًا كبيرًا لطب المناطق الحارة بجامعة إدنبرة سنة 1947، ثم انتُخب زميلًا للجمعية الملكية بإدنبرة سنة 1950.
التكريم والجوائز
وشاح النيل من الطبقة الثالثة (مصر).
عُين سنة 1937 طبيبًا شرفيًا للملك جورج السادس.
حصل على لقب سير سنة 1946.
انتُخب زميلًا بالجمعية الملكية في إدنبرة في 6 مارس 1950.
انظر أيضًا
سنية حبوب
أدما أبو شديد
المراجع
أساتذة أجانب عملوا بجامعة القاهرة
أساتذة الجامعة الأمريكية في بيروت
أساتذة مدرسة كتشنر الطبية
أطباء إسكتلنديون في القرن 20
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة القاهرة
أفراد الجيش البريطاني في الحرب العالمية الأولى
أفراد عسكريون إسكتلنديون
أفراد عسكريون بريطانيون في الحرب الإنجليزية الأفغانية الثالثة
أكاديميو جامعة إدنبرة
جنرالات إسكتلنديون
جنرالات القوات المسلحة البريطانية
جنرالات القوات المسلحة البريطانية في الحرب العالمية الثانية
خريجو جامعة إدنبرة
زملاء الجمعية الملكية في إدنبرة
زملاء كلية الأطباء الملكية
زملاء كلية الأطباء الملكية بإدنبرة
ضباط الفيلق الطبي بالجيش الملكي البريطاني
ضباط رتبة الإمبراطورية البريطانية
فرسان إسكتلنديون
مواليد 1888
وفيات 1963
أفراد عسكريون من دومفريز وغالاوي
كوسترين

كوسترين (Küstrin) بلدة في مقاطعة براندنبورغ البروسية السابقة في ألمانيا، وتقع على جانبي نهر الأودر. بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية أنشأ الحلفاء حدوداً جديدة على طول خط أودر نايسه وفقا لإتفاق بوتسدام، وتم تقسيم المدينة مع منطقة نويمارك البراندنبورغية بين ألمانيا ما بعد الحرب وجمهورية بولندا الشعبية.
مراجع
براندنبورغ
مدن مقسمة
مدن وبلدات في محافظة لوبوسكي
معابر الحدود الألمانية البولندية
مقاطعة براندنبورغ
قرى في براندنبورغ
بلديات سابقة في براندنبورغ
كأس أمريكا الجنوبية 1963

كأس أمريكا الجنوبية 1963 لكرة القدم، عقدت في بوليفيا وفاز بها منتخب بوليفيا، وحل منتخب الباراغواي بالمركز الثاني.
الترتيب النهائي
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أحداث مارس 1963 الرياضية
الرياضة في كوتشابامبا
لا باز في القرن 20
بطولات كوبا أمريكا
بطولة أمريكا الجنوبية 1963
رياضة بوليفية في 1963
كرة القدم الأمريكية الجنوبية في 1963
منافسات رياضية في لا باز
منافسات كرة قدم دولية تستضيفها بوليفيا
أحداث مارس 1963 الرياضية في أمريكا الجنوبية
جزين (مقاطعة فريدونكنار)

جزين (مقاطعة فريدونكنار)
جزين هي منطقة سكنية تقع في مازندران في إيران. يقدر عدد سكانها بـ 422 نسمة .
انظر أيضاً
قائمة مدن إيران
مراجع
أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة فريدونكنار
القوإبل (القفر)

القوإبل (القفر)
القوابل محلة تابعة لقرية بني جربان، التابعة لعزلة بني سيف السافل بمديرية القفر إحدى مديريات محافظة إب في الجمهورية اليمنية، بلغ تعداد سكانها 192 حسب تعداد اليمن لعام 2004.
مراجع وروابط خارجية
المركز الوطني للمعلومات باليمن
القوابل
Rune Börjesson

Rune Börjesson (5 April 1937 – 21 February 1996) was a Swedish professional footballer who played as a forward. He was the Allsvenskan top scorer in 1959 and 1960 while at Örgryte IS, and later played professionally in Serie A with Juventus and Palermo. A full international between 1958 and 1961, he won 20 caps and scored 17 goals for the Sweden national team.
Club career
Early career
Rune Börjesson started off his career with Hovås IF, before being signed by Örgryte IS at the age of 14. While at Örgryte, Börjesson formed a successful striker partnership with the prolific striker Agne Simonsson. In 1955, Börjesson was awarded GT's Kristallkulan as the best player in West Sweden.
During the 1957–58 Division 2 Västra Götaland season, Börjesson helped Örgryte win promotion to Allsvenskan for the first time in 19 years by scoring a total of 40 goals. In his first ever Allsvenskan season, Börjesson finished as the Allsvenskan top scorer with 21 goals, as Örgryte claimed a respectable fourth position in the 1959 table. The following season Börjesson yet again finished as the league's top scorer with 24 goals, helping his team finish third.
Serie A
Börjesson signed with the Italian Serie A team Juventus after the 1961 Allsvenskan season but was quickly loaned out to Palermo where he spent two seasons, playing in 38 games and scoring 10 goals.
Return to Örgryte
Börjesson returned to Örgryte in 1963 after his stint in Italy and was reunited with his former striker partner Agne Simonsson, who had returned from a spell in La Liga with Real Madrid and Real Sociedad. He left Örgryte at the end of the 1967 Allsvenskan season to round up his career with his boyhood club Hovås IF.
Börjesson scored a total of 91 goals in 125 Allsvenskan games during his two stints at Örgryte IS. In all divisions for Örgryte, he scored a total of 202 league goals, which puts him second behind Agne Simonsson for most league goals of all time for Örgryte.
International career
Börjesson started his international career with the Sweden U21 team, representing them in three games. Prior to making his senior debut, he also represented the Sweden B team twice, scoring two goals.
Börjesson eventually made his international senior debut for Sweden in a home game against Norway on 14 September 1958, in which he also scored his first international goal. He played for Sweden in their unsuccessful 1962 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign, but never appeared in a major tournament. He won a total of 20 caps for Sweden, scoring 17 goals.
Career statistics
International
Appearances and goals by national team and year
Scores and results list Sweden's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Börjesson goal.
Honours
Örgryte IS
Division 2 Västra Götaland: 1957–58
Individual
Allsvenskan top scorer: 1959, 1960
Kristallkulan: 1955
Stor Grabb: 1960
References
1937 births
1996 deaths
Swedish men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Sweden men's international footballers
Juventus FC players
Footballers from Gothenburg
List of counties in Rhode Island

List of counties in Rhode Island
This is a list of the five counties in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. Rhode Island is tied with Hawaii for having the second-fewest counties of any U.S. state (only Delaware has fewer, with three counties). Although Rhode Island is divided into counties, it does not have any local government at the county level. Instead, local governance is provided by the eight cities and thirty-one towns. Counties in Rhode Island have had no governmental functions since 1846 other than as court administrative and sheriff corrections boundaries which are part of state government.
Within Rhode Island, Washington County is colloquially referred to as South County.
The colony of Rhode Island was established in the 17th century, and was the first of the thirteen original American colonies to declare independence from British rule in 1776, during the American Revolution, and the last to ratify the Constitution. The counties were all established before the Declaration of Independence.
The Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) code, which is used by the United States government to uniquely identify states and counties, is provided with each entry. Rhode Island's code is 44, which when combined with any county code would be written as 44XXX. The FIPS code for each county links to census data for that county.
Alphabetical list
|}
Note
The county seat of Washington County (before county government was abolished) is often referred to as West Kingston. In reality, West Kingston, a village of South Kingstown, does not have its own local government, but because the courthouse was located in West Kingston's zip code, it has become known as the county seat.
References
Rhode Island, counties in
Counties
ماركو نيكوليتش

ماركو نيكوليتش (20 أكتوبر 1946 – 1 يناير 2019) هو ممثل، من صربيا، ولد في كرالييفو.
جوائز
حصل على جوائز منها:
.
وصلات خارجية
مراجع
أشخاص من كرالييفو
ممثلو أفلام صرب
مواليد 1946
مواليد في كرالييفو
وفيات 2019
وفيات في بلغراد
مباركآباد (مقاطعة فهرج)

مباركآباد (مقاطعة فهرج)
مباركآباد هي قرية تقع في البلدة المركزية في إيران. يقدر عدد سكانها بـ 197 نسمة بحسب إحصاء 2016.
انظر أيضاً
قائمة مدن إيران
مراجع
أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة فهرج
ليونيل نافاريتي

ليونيل نافاريتي هو لاعب كرة قدم مكسيكي في مركز الهجوم، ولد في 23 يوليو 1996. لعب مع نادي أمريكا.
مراجع
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مكسيكيون
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص مكسيكيون في القرن 21
أشخاص من زامورا (ميتشواكان)
لاعبو كرة قدم مكسيكيون
لاعبو كرة قدم من ولاية ميتشواكان
لاعبو نادي أمريكا
مواليد 1996
Alfred Wells

Alfred Wells (May 27, 1814 – July 18, 1867) was a U.S. Representative from New York.
Biography
Alfred Wells was born in Dagsboro, Sussex County, Delaware on May 27, 1814. He pursued classical studies, and later studied law in the office of Charles Humphrey and David Woodcock. He was admitted to the bar in 1837 and commenced practice in Ithaca, New York.
Wells became active in politics as an anti-slavery Democrat, and was one of the owners of the Ithaca Journal and Advertiser, a Democratic newspaper, from 1839 to 1853.
He served as District Attorney of Tompkins County from 1845 to 1847, and was Judge of the Tompkins County Court from 1847 to 1851. He continued his anti-slavery activism by joining the Anti-Nebraska Party and attending its conventions in Saratoga and Auburn in 1854.
Like most members of the short-lived Anti-Nebraska Party, Wells became a Republican before 1860. He was elected to represent the 27th Congressional District in the 36th Congress (March 4, 1859 – March 3, 1861). He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1860.
In 1862 Wells was appointed federal revenue assessor for the district which included Ithaca, responsible for the taxes enacted to finance the Union effort during the American Civil War, and served until his death.
Wells died in Ithaca on July 18, 1867. He was interred in the City Cemetery.
Sources
Alfred Wells at Political Graveyard
1814 births
1867 deaths
New York (state) Democrats
People from Sussex County, Delaware
Politicians from Ithaca, New York
19th-century American newspaper publishers (people)
American abolitionists
New York (state) lawyers
New York (state) state court judges
County district attorneys in New York (state)
People of New York (state) in the American Civil War
Burials in New York (state)
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state)
19th-century American journalists
American male journalists
19th-century American male writers
19th-century American politicians
Journalists from New York (state)
Activists from New York (state)
19th-century American judges
19th-century American lawyers
العجالية (وراء أدهار)

العجالية (وراء أدهار)
العجالية هو دُوَّار يقع بجماعة تازروت، إقليم العرائش، جهة طنجة تطوان الحسيمة في المملكة المغربية. ينتمي الدوّار لمشيخة وراء أدهار التي تضم 18 دوار. يقدر عدد سكانه بـ 56 نسمة حسب الإحصاء الرسمي للسكان والسكنى لسنة 2004.
مراجع
روابط خارجية
البوابة الوطنية للجماعات الترابية
المندوبية السامية للتخطيط
أماكن مأهولة في وراء أدهار (تازروت)
Ministry of Religious Affairs (Bangladesh)

Ministry of Religious Affairs (Bangladesh)
The Ministry of Religious Affairs (abbreviated as MoRA) is the ministry responsible for religious events, buildings, and Hajj in Bangladesh.
History
The ministry is responsible for the management of Hajj and Umrah in Bangladesh.Biswa Ijtema is also managed by the ministry. The ministry gained some attention after using Arabic script to discourage public urination; since few Bangladeshis understand Arabic, anything written in Arabic is presumed to be sacred and not to be urinated on.
Directorate
Waqf Administration
Christian Religious Welfare Trust
Bangladesh Hajj Office
Buddhist Religious Welfare Trust
Islamic Foundation Bangladesh is a government organization established in 1975 under the ministry working to disseminate values and ideals of Islam and carry out activities related to those values and ideals. The Head Office of the Foundation is in Dhaka, which is supported by 6 divisional offices and 64 district offices, as well as 7 Imam Training Academy Centers and 29 Islamic Mission Centers. The Director General is the Chief Executive of the Foundation.
Hindu Religious Welfare Trust is a statutory body under the ministry which is responsible for the welfare of the Hindu community and the maintenance of Hindu temples.
See also
Minister of Religious Affairs (Bangladesh)
References
Religion in Bangladesh
Religious Affairs
Abu Abd-Allah Muhammad al-Muntasir

Abu Abd-Allah Muhammad al-Muntasir was the Hafsid caliph of Ifriqiya from 1434–1435.
Life
Abu Abd-Allah Muhammad al-Muntasir was the son of Abu Abdallah Muhammad al-Mansour and a Christian concubine from Valencia known as Rīm. His father was the son and heir apparent of Abu Faris Abd al-Aziz II but he died before his father in 1430. Thereupon Abu Faris took the unusual step of declaring his grandson heir, when convention dictated that he choose another of his sons.
Fighting quickly broke out between his uncles over the succession. Abu Abd-Allah captured his uncle al-Mu’tamid and had him blinded. He also had his own brother Abu-l Fadl arrested. While he was on a military expedition in the South two more Hafsid princes rebelled, Abu-Yahya Zakariya and his brother. They fled to Constantine but were lured back to Tunis with an offer of clemency before they too were apparently executed. Abu Abd-Allah himself died of illness while on campaign against rebel Bedouin in September 1435. During his brief reign he was responsible for the building of a public water fountain at Bab Saadoun and a madrasa named after him, also in Tunis.
After his death disorder continued until all rebels were eventually subdued by his brother and successor Abu 'Amr 'Uthman.
References
1435 deaths
Year of birth unknown
15th-century Hafsid caliphs
Alejandro Alonso (footballer)

Alejandro Alonso (footballer)
Alejandro César Alonso (born 3 March 1982) is an Argentine former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. Having started his career with Club Atlético Huracán in Argentina, he went on play to for Girondins de Bordeaux, AS Monaco, and AS Saint-Étienne in France.
Career
Alonso signed a two-year deal in January 2011 with Saint-Étienne.
External links
Living people
1982 births
Footballers from Buenos Aires
Argentine men's footballers
Argentine sportspeople of Spanish descent
Men's association football midfielders
Club Atlético Huracán footballers
FC Girondins de Bordeaux players
AS Monaco FC players
AS Saint-Étienne players
Ligue 1 players
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in France
Expatriate men's footballers in Monaco
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in France
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Monaco
Pan American Games medalists in football
Pan American Games gold medalists for Argentina
Footballers at the 2003 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2003 Pan American Games
Hélder Rodrigues

Hélder Rodrigues
Hélder Figueiredo Rodrigues (born 6 October 1989) is a Portuguese footballer who plays for Lusitano FCV as a forward.
External links
Stats and profile at LPFP
1989 births
Living people
Portuguese men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Liga Portugal 2 players
S.C. Covilhã players
Académico de Viseu F.C. players
C.D. Feirense players
Lusitano FCV players
People from Centro Region, Portugal
Satoshi Takahashi

Satoshi Takahashi
is a Japanese instructor of Shotokan karate.
He is currently an instructor of the Japan Karate Association.
Biography
Satoshi Takahashi was born in Osaka, Japan on 9 February 1968. He studied at Takushoku University. His karate training began during his 5th year of elementary school.
Competition
Satoshi Takahashi has had considerable success in karate competition.
Major Tournament Success
50th JKA All Japan Karate Championship (2007) - 3rd Place Kata
44th JKA All Japan Karate Championship (2001) - 3rd Place Kumite; 3rd Place Kata
42nd JKA All Japan Karate Championship (1999) - 3rd Place Kata
38th JKA All Japan Karate Championship (1995) - 3rd Place Kumite
References
1968 births
Japanese male karateka
Karate coaches
Shotokan practitioners
Sportspeople from Osaka Prefecture
Takushoku University alumni
Living people
20th-century Japanese people
21st-century Japanese people
Amanda Thompson (basketball)

Amanda Thompson (basketball)
Amanda Clara Thompson (born November 18, 1987) is an American professional basketball player who played for the Atlanta Dream of the WNBA. She had previously played college basketball for the University of Oklahoma before being drafted by the Tulsa Shock in the 2010 WNBA draft.
Oklahoma statistics
Source
References
External links
Player profile
Oklahoma Sooners bio
1987 births
Living people
American women's basketball players
Atlanta Dream players
Oklahoma Sooners women's basketball players
Parade High School All-Americans (girls' basketball)
Tulsa Shock draft picks
Tulsa Shock players
Whitney M. Young Magnet High School alumni
Forwards (basketball)
جاك إم. ويلسون

جاك إم. ويلسون هو فيزيائي وشخصية أعمال وأستاذ جامعي أمريكي، ولد في 1945 في إنديانا في الولايات المتحدة.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أصحاب أعمال أمريكيون
أعضاء هيئة تدريس معهد رينسيلار للعلوم التطبيقية
جامعة في ماساتشوستس
زملاء الجمعية الفيزيائية الأمريكية
علماء أمريكيون
مواليد 1945
Gymnosporia heterophylla

Gymnosporia heterophylla, the common spike-thorn, is a small, hardy, deciduous African tree up to 5m tall, occurring in rocky places with a wide distribution from Ethiopia, the Sudan and the Congo, south to the Cape Province and west to Angola and Namibia, as well as the neighbouring islands of Madagascar and Saint Helena, with a closely related species from Mauritius.
It has a straggly, but rigid habit and is armed with sharp straight thorns up to 100mm long, which are modified branches. Bark on the mature trunk is grey-brown and deeply fissured. The tree is dioecious, and clusters of white flowers are produced in profusion in spring and are borne on thicker twigs and branches. The flowers have a fetid, faecal smell and attract large numbers of pollinating insects, particularly carrion-loving flies such as members of the family Calliphoridae. The tree has a close relationship with a number of cicada species, such as Platypleura divisa, P. mijburghi and P. maytenophila.
The specific name "heterophylla" means "variable leaves" and if the list of past synonyms is examined, it affords an interesting insight into the minds of botanists since 1753 when Linnaeus decided that the leaves reminded him of boxwood and named it Celastrus buxifolius. Since then it has been named ellipticus, heterophyllus, spathephyllus, empleurifolius, rhombifolius, parvifolius and buxifolioides - it would seem that the epithet heterophylla is appropriate.
It makes a very effective, fast-growing security hedge. The wood is hard and durable, suitable for carving, though large pieces are not often available.
Pictures
References
''Reinstatement of "Gymnosporia"
https://plants.jstor.org/compilation/maytenus.heterophylla
Sources
Trees and Shrubs of the Witwatersrand - Tree Society (Witwatersrand University Press, 1969)
Trees and Shrubs of Mpumalanga and Kruger National Park - Schmidt et al. (Jacana Press, 2002)
heterophylla
Trees of Africa
Trees of South Africa
جيري شتال

جيري شتال هو عالم حاسوب أمريكي، ولد في 16 مارس 1945 في ويلمنغتون في الولايات المتحدة.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة دركسل
خريجو جامعة كولورادو بولدر
خريجو جامعة نورث وسترن
خريجو معهد ماساتشوستس للتكنولوجيا
علماء حاسوب أمريكيون
فلاسفة القرن 21
مختصون بالعلوم الاستعرافية
مواليد 1945