Shelby County, Indiana

Shelby County, Indiana
Shelby County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 45,055. The county seat (and only incorporated city) is Shelbyville.
History
After the American Revolutionary War established US sovereignty over the territory of the upper midwest, the new federal government defined the Northwest Territory in 1787, which included the area of present-day Indiana. In 1800, Congress separated Ohio from the Northwest Territory, designating the rest of the land as the Indiana Territory. President Thomas Jefferson chose William Henry Harrison as the governor of the territory, and Vincennes was established as the capital. After the Michigan Territory was separated and the Illinois Territory was formed, Indiana was reduced to its current size and geography. By December 1816 the Indiana Territory was admitted to the Union as a state.
The Native people who inhabited these areas prior to arrival of European settlers were generally resistant to the loss of their lands. As settlers pushed into the area, treaties signed by some leaders with United States representatives ceded large areas of their territory to the US. Starting in 1794, Native American titles to Indiana lands were extinguished by usurpation, purchase, or war and treaty. The United States acquired land from the Native Americans in the 1809 treaty of Fort Wayne, and by the treaty of St. Mary's in 1818, which included the future Shelby County.
The Indiana State Legislature passed a bill on 31 December 1821 that authorized the creation of four counties, including Shelby. On 1 July 1822 the county was organized, beginning with selecting a site for the county seat.
The new county was named for Gen. Isaac Shelby, who defeated the British at the Battle of Kings Mountain in the Revolutionary War. Shelby then became the first Governor of Kentucky. During the War of 1812, he led the army of Kentucky into Canada, and defeated the British at the decisive Battle of the Thames in 1813.
Geography
The low, rolling hills of Shelby County are lightly carved by drainages, but are otherwise completely devoted to agriculture or urban development. The western edge of the county is drained by Sugar Creek, flowing south-southwestward into Johnson County. The central and SW parts of the county are drained by Big Blue River, flowing south-southwestward into Johnson County. The lower part of the county is drained by Flatrock River, flowing southwestward into Bartholomew County. The terrain slopes to the southwest, with its highest elevations (ASL) along the eastern part of its northern border with Hancock County. According to the 2010 census, the county has a total area of , of which (or 99.61%) is land and (or 0.39%) is water.
City and towns
Edinburgh (part)
Fairland
Morristown
St. Paul (part)
Shelbyville (city/county seat)
Unincorporated communities
Beech Brook
Bengal
Blue Ridge
Boggstown
Brookfield
Candleglo Village
Clover Village
Fenns
Flat Rock
Fountaintown
Freeport
Geneva
Green Meadows
Gwynneville
Knighthood Grove
Knighthood Village
Lewis Creek
London
London Heights
Marietta
Marion
Meiks
Meltzer
Middletown
Morven
Mount Auburn
Norristown
Pleasant View
Pleasure Valley
Prescott
Rays Crossing
Rolling Ridge
Sleepy Hollow
Smithland
Sugar Creek
Waldron (census-designated place)
Walkerville
Wilson Corner
Townships
Addison
Brandywine
Hanover
Hendricks
Jackson
Liberty
Marion
Moral
Noble
Shelby
Sugar Creek
Union
Van Buren
Washington
Adjacent counties
Hancock County - north
Rush County - east
Decatur County - southeast
Bartholomew County - south
Johnson County - west
Marion County - northwest
Major highways
Interstate 65
Interstate 74
U.S. Route 52
U.S. Route 421
Indiana State Road 9
Indiana State Road 44
Indiana State Road 244
Indiana State Road 252
Climate and weather
In recent years, average temperatures in Shelbyville have ranged from a low of in January to a high of in July, although a record low of was recorded in January 1994 and a record high of was recorded in July 1954. Average monthly precipitation ranged from in January to in May.
2010 Census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 44,436 people, 17,302 households, and 12,221 families in the county. The population density was . There were 19,080 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 95.4% white, 1.0% black or African American, 0.5% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 1.6% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 3.7% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 28.5% were German, 13.1% were American, 12.2% were Irish, and 9.0% were English.
Of the 17,302 households, 33.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.4% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 29.4% were non-families, and 24.5% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 2.98. The median age was 39.9 years.
The median income for a household in the county was $47,697 and the median income for a family was $60,824. Males had a median income of $46,325 versus $32,416 for females. The per capita income for the county was $26,398. About 7.4% of families and 10.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.7% of those under age 18 and 10.5% of those age 65 or over.
Government
The county government is a constitutional body, and is granted specific powers by the Constitution of Indiana, and by the Indiana Code.
County Council: The legislative branch of the county government; controls spending and revenue collection in the county. Representatives are elected to four-year terms from county districts. They set salaries, the annual budget, and special spending. The council has limited authority to impose local taxes, in the form of an income and property tax that is subject to state level approval, excise taxes, and service taxes.
Board of Commissioners: The executive body of the county; commissioners are elected county-wide to staggered four-year terms. One commissioner serves as president. The commissioners execute the acts legislated by the council, collect revenue, and manage the county government.
Court: Three State Trial Courts sit in the Courthouse located at 407 S. Harrison Street, Shelbyville, Indiana 46176. Shelby Circuit Court was established by the Indiana Constitution. Shelby Superior Courts 1 and 2 were created by Acts of the Legislature. Shelby Superior Court 2 handles the small claims. Cases are allocated between the Courts by Local Court Rules. The judges of the Shelby Cirucit and Superior Courts are elected to six (6) year terms and must be admitted to practice law in the State of Indiana. Appeals from Shelby County Trial Courts are made to the Indiana Court of Appeals.
County Officials: The county has other elected offices, including sheriff, coroner, auditor, treasurer, recorder, surveyor, and circuit court clerk. These officials are elected to four-year terms. Members elected to county government positions are required to declare party affiliations and to be residents of the county.
Political culture
Demographics
Notable people
Isaac Colton Ash, Los Angeles, California, City Council member, 1925–27
George W. Clarke, governor of Iowa, 1913–1917
Edith Jones Woodward, astronomer, born in Waldron in 1914
Kid Quill, hip hop/rap
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Shelby County, Indiana
References
Indiana counties
1821 establishments in Indiana
Populated places established in 1821
Indianapolis metropolitan area