Churchill College, Cambridge

Churchill College, Cambridge
Churchill College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. It has a primary focus on science, engineering and technology, but retains a strong interest in the arts and humanities.
In 1958, a trust was established with Sir Winston Churchill as its chairman of trustees, to build and endow a college for 60 fellows and 540 students as a national and Commonwealth memorial to Winston Churchill; its Royal Charter and Statutes were approved by the Queen Elizabeth II, in August 1960. It is situated on the outskirts of Cambridge, away from the traditional centre of the city, but close to the University's main new development zone (which now houses the Centre for Mathematical Sciences). It has of grounds, the largest area of the Cambridge colleges.
Churchill was the first formerly all-male college to decide to admit women, and was among three men's colleges to admit its first women students in 1972. Within 15 years all others had followed suit. The college has a reputation for relative informality compared with other Cambridge colleges, and traditionally admits a larger proportion of its undergraduates from state schools.
The college motto is "Forward", which was taken from the final phrase of Winston Churchill's first speech to the House of Commons as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, known as the "blood, toil, tears and sweat" speech in which Churchill said, "Come, then, let us go forward together".
History
In 1955, on holiday in Sicily soon after his resignation as prime minister, Winston Churchill discussed with Sir John Colville and Lord Cherwell the possibility of founding a new institution. Churchill had been impressed by the United States' Massachusetts Institute of Technology and wanted a British version, but the plans evolved into the more modest proposal of creating a science and technology-based college within the University of Cambridge. Churchill wanted a mix of non-scientists to ensure a well-rounded education and environment for scholars and fellows. The college therefore admits students to read all subjects except land economy and theology & religious studies (though it is possible to switch to these subjects later).
The first postgraduate students arrived in October 1960, and the first undergraduates a year later. Full college status was received in 1966.
Following the Labour government's Representation of the People Act 1969, which reduced the voting age to 18 years, under the guidance of professor Dick Tizard, in 1970 Churchill's student union, the Junior Common Room (JCR), inspired by the worldwide student democracy movement, led the National Union of Students (NUS) in taking the Cambridge Town Clerk to the High Court to overturn a 19th-century precedent that won students the right to vote in their university towns.
Initially all students were male. Women were accepted as undergraduates in 1972, one of the first three previously all-male colleges to do so.
The bias towards science and engineering remains as policy to the current day, with the statutes requiring approximately 70% science and technology students amongst its student intake each year. The college statutes also stipulate that one third of the students of the college should be studying for postgraduate qualification.
Cambridge University Radio (later Cam FM) broadcast from Churchill College from 1979 until 2011.
On 27 October 2020, the college launched Churchill, Empire and Race, intended as a year-long programme looking critically at its founder. However in June 2021, the programme was abruptly terminated following a dispute with the college’s leadership.
Buildings and grounds
In 1958, a 42-acre (170,000 m2) site was purchased to the west of the city centre, which had previously been farmland. After a competition, Richard Sheppard was appointed to design the new college. Building was completed by 1968 with nine main residential courts, separate graduate flats and a central building consisting of the dining hall, buttery, combination rooms and offices.
The dining hall is the largest in Cambridge. It measures 22m square, 9m to the base of the vault beams, and 11.6m to the highest point. It can cater for up to 430 guests in a formal dining arrangement.
The main college buildings and courtyards are arranged around a large central space, in which the library was placed. Only a few years later, being opened in 1974, an extension to the library building was added to house the Churchill Archives Centre. Its original purpose was to provide a home to Sir Winston's papers, however since then it has been endowed with papers from other political figures including former Prime Ministers Margaret Thatcher and John Major, as well as former Leader of the Opposition Neil Kinnock, and those of eminent scientists and engineers including Reginald Victor Jones, Rosalind Franklin and Sir Frank Whittle.
In 1992, the Møller Centre for Continuing Education was built on the Churchill site, designed by Henning Larsen. It is a dedicated residential executive training and conference centre, aiming to bring together education and commerce.
As well as the main College buildings, Sheppard designed a separate group of flats, known as the Sheppard flats, for the use of married graduate students. These are located to one side of the College grounds, a short distance from the main buildings. The college's central buildings and chapel were Grade II listed in 1993.
Chapel
At the farthest end of the college grounds is the chapel. Sheppard's original design placed it within the main building complex near the college main entrance. The idea of having a religious building within a modern, scientifically-oriented academic institution deeply annoyed some of the original fellows, leading to the resignation of Nobel Prize winner Francis Crick in protest. Eventually a compromise was found: the chapel was sited just to the west of the Sheppard Flats, and funded and managed separately from the rest of the College itself, being tactfully referred to as "the Chapel at Churchill College". The chimney of the heating system at the front of the college substitutes visually for the missing chapel tower.
Crick had agreed to become a fellow on the basis that no chapel be placed at Churchill. A donation was later made by Lord Beaumont of Whitley to Churchill College for the establishment of one, and the majority of fellows voted in favour of it. Sir Winston Churchill wrote to him saying that no-one need enter the chapel unless they wished to do so, and therefore it did not need to be a problem. Crick, in short order, replied with a letter dated 12 October 1961 accompanied by a cheque for 10 guineas saying that, if that were the case, the enclosed money should be used for the establishment of a brothel. This story was repeated by Crick in an interview with Matt Ridley (Crick's biographer), quotes from which are reported in The Daily Telegraph.
Artworks and sculptures
The college contains many examples of modern artwork including:
Four-Square (Walk Through) (1966) – Dame Barbara Hepworth
Prints of Marilyn Monroe – Andy Warhol
Gemini (1973) – Denis Mitchell
Diagram of an Object (Second state) (1990) – Dhruva Mistry
Spiral – Michael Gillespie (1993)
Flight – Peter Lanyon (1981)
Black Bag – Graham Murdoch (1990)
Past, Present, Future - Geoffrey Clarke (2010)
There are also works by Sir Eduardo Paolozzi, Bridget Riley, Patrick Caulfield, Sir Peter Blake, and Daphne Hardy Henrion.
Hepworth's Four-Square (Walk Through) stands at the West Door, the west exit of the main college complex. In 1968, it replaced an earlier Hepworth sculpture, Squares with Two Circles (BH 347) which had been sold to a private collector. Two sculptures by Nigel Hall stand in front of the main gate of the college: The Now (1999) and Southern Shade I (2010). Mistry's Diagram of an Object (Second state) used to be found at the front of college, but is now located next to the chapel at the far end of the college. Sir Anthony Caro's Forum used to stand near the front gate of the college but it was removed in 2004 and replaced in 2007 by Lynn Chadwick's Beast Alerted 1.
Student life
The student population is divided into two common rooms: the Junior Common Room (JCR) and Middle Common Room (MCR). The former contains undergraduates and the latter postgraduates (known as advanced students). Fourth year undergraduates studying towards their Masters may choose to be in either. These student bodies organise various academic and social events as well as handling issues regarding welfare. The college funds sports clubs and societies which provide entertainment for students.
Social events
Every two weeks of the Michaelmas and Lent terms, and twice in Easter term, Churchill is host to Pav, a music event unusual for Cambridge events in that it is free and open to all university members. The name Pav originates from the pavilion buildings of the college where the event was originally held. Since 1992, Pav has been held in the Buttery, the main bar area.
In the early years of the college's foundation, the college held a ball in May Week, in common with many older colleges. However, more recently Churchill has held a Spring Ball every February, close to Valentine's Day. The Ball has hosted a number of upcoming bands, such as The Wombats (2007) and The Noisettes (2008).
During May Week the JCR organise a free garden party. The event hosts performances from local bands and musicians.
Students of the College run Churchill Casino, a Cambridge-based enterprise which provides professional casinos at various social events. Churchill Casino is frequently hired for Cambridge May Balls as well as balls at the University of Oxford and corporate events throughout the country. Profits have been donated back towards the college and to local charities.
The MCR has its own reserved area, the Sandy Ashmore Room, where students may socialise. This incorporates a student-run bar known as the Vicious Penguin. The MCR organises a range of activities including an annual conference, the Conference on Everything, and hosts termly Guest Nights. The Conference on Everything gives students an opportunity to present their own research as well as featuring talks from distinguished speakers including Salah Al-Shaikhly, the Iraqi ambassador to the United Kingdom; Michael Green, Lucasian Professor and pioneer of string theory; Julian Huppert, scientist and Member of Parliament (MP) for Cambridge; David Spiegelhalter, Winton Professor of the Public Understanding of Risk, and Nicholas Bingham, Senior Investigator at Imperial College London and Visiting Professor of Mathematics at the London School of Economics.
Sport
With playing fields on site, unlike many other colleges, sport is an integral part of the college. As well as football pitches, a cricket pitch and others, the facilities include a gym, and tennis and squash courts.
Churchill College Football Club (CCFC) were the first college team to retain the Cambridge University Amateur Football League Division 1 title, winning it in 2005–06 and 2006–07. In the 2006–2007 season they also reached the final of Cuppers.
The college also has a successful boat club (Churchill College Boat Club) which in 2013 won the Pegasus Cup (This trophy is awarded annually to the most successful college boat club competing in the Cambridge May Bumping Races). In 2015, Churchill College Boat Club made history by being the first boat club at the university to win both the Pegasus Cup and Marconi Cup (This award is present to the most successful college boat club in the Lent Bumps) in the same year.
Traditions
Churchill is a relatively young college, and prides itself on being modern and forward looking. It has relatively few traditions. Informal hall (cafeteria-style dining period) was introduced in 1971, as an alternative to formal hall (fixed time, waiter service, all diners wearing gowns), but students are no longer required to wear gowns at formal halls, with exception of certain college feasts.
In special formal meals such as Matriculation Dinner or Scholars' Feast the Master usually raises a toast, first to "The King" and then to "Sir Winston". In other formal halls this is usually made by a senior student once the fellows have left. This latter tradition started in the early 2000s with the students customarily toasting in the reverse order: "Sir Winston", followed by "The Queen".
People associated with the college
Masters
The Mastership of Churchill College is a Crown appointment. To date the college has had seven masters:
The appointment of microbiologist Professor Sharon Peacock CBE FMedSci MRCP as 8th Master, with effect from October 2024, was announced in October 2023.
Notable fellows
See also :Category:Fellows of Churchill College, Cambridge
Raymond Allchin – British archaeologist and Indologist
Michael Ashburner – Biologist, former head of the European Bioinformatics Institute and the European Molecular Biology Laboratory
John Arundel Barnes – Social anthropologist
Correlli Barnett – Military historian
Jacques Barzun – Historian and cultural critic; (Extraordinary Fellow at Churchill while also Provost, Dean of Graduate studies, and Dean of Faculties at Columbia.)
Piers Brendon – Writer and historian
Edward Bullard – Geophysicist, former head of the National Physical Laboratory
Edward Craig – Philosopher
James Fox - Art historian and broadcaster
George Gamow – Cosmologist (overseas fellow)
Mark Goldie - Professor of Intellectual History
Priya Gopal - Teaching fellow in colonial and postcolonial literature
Frank Hahn – Economist
Archie Howie – Physicist
Richard Keynes – Physiologist
Julia King, Baroness Brown of Cambridge - Engineer, former Vice-Chancellor of Aston University
John Kinsella – Poet and novelist
Nigel Knight - Economist and political scientist
Matthew Kramer - Political and legal and moral philosopher
David Luscombe - Medieval historian
C. B. Macpherson – Political scientist
Peter Murray-Rust – Chemist
David Newbery – Economist
David Olive - Physicist
Nick Petford - Geologist and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Northampton
Roy Porter – Historian and prolific author
Stephen Roskill – Naval historian
Andrew Sinclair – Historian, novelist and journalist
C. P. Snow – Physicist and novelist
Franz Sondheimer - Organic chemist
George Steiner – Literary critic and linguistic theorist (Extraordinary Fellow at Churchill)
Sir Colin St John Wilson – Architect
David Spiegelhalter – Statistician
Dick Tizard – Engineer
Frank Gibbs Torto – Chemist
Melissa Hines – Neuroscientist
Stuart Warren – Organic chemist
Chandra Wickramasinghe – Physicist and Astrobiologist
Michael Young – Sociologist and politician
Ghil'ad Zuckermann – Linguist and revivalist
Sander van der Linden – Psychologist
Nobel laureates
Philip Warren Anderson – Physics, for the behaviour of electrons in magnetic solids, 1977
John Cockcroft – Physics, for using accelerated particles to study atomic nuclei, 1951
Francis Crick – co-discoverer of the structure of DNA, Physiology or Medicine, 1962
Angus Deaton – Economics, 2015 (Overseas Fellow 1990–1): Analysis of consumption, poverty, and welfare
Gérard Debreu – Economics, 1983
Peter Diamond – Economics, 2010 (overseas fellow)
Robert G. Edwards – Physiology or Medicine, 2010
John Gurdon – Physiology or Medicine, 2012
Antony Hewish – co-discoverer of pulsars, Physics, 1974
William Lipscomb – Chemistry, 1976 (overseas fellow)
Mario Vargas Llosa – Literature, 2010 (overseas fellow)
Eric Maskin – Economics, 2007 (overseas fellow)
Paul Nurse - Physiology or Medicine, 2001
Wole Soyinka – Literature, 1986 (overseas fellow)
David Thouless – Physics, 2016 (Fellow 1961–5): Theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter.
Roger Tsien – Chemistry, 2008
Notable alumni
See also :Category:Alumni of Churchill College, Cambridge
Kari Blackburn – BBC World Service executive
Baroness Brinton – Liberal Democrat peer
Nick Brown - Principal of Linacre College, Oxford
Michael Burrows – inventor of the first internet search machine, Alta Vista
Peter Fincham – former controller, BBC1
Sir Christopher Frayling – writer and educationalist
Mike Gascoyne – Chief technical officer of the Caterham F1 Formula One team
Sir Peter Gershon – author of the Gershon Review, chairman of Premier Farnell and Symbian Ltd.
John Gladwin – Bishop of Chelmsford and Chair of Citizens Advice
Catherine Green – biologist who worked on the production of the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine
Michael Green – Lucasian Professor of Mathematics
Charlie Hannaford – England rugby player
Geoffrey M. Heal – Columbia University environmental economist
Roger Helmer – UK Independence Party MEP
Tim Jenkinson - Professor of Finance at the Saïd Business School
Michael Li – Founder, The Data Incubator and data scientist
Diarmaid MacCulloch – Historian
Viscount Monckton – barrister and policy advisor to Margaret Thatcher
Christine E. Morris- Andrew A. David Professor in Greek Archaeology and History at Trinity College Dublin
Simeon Nyachae – Kenyan minister and 2002 presidential candidate
Brendan O'Neill – business executive
James Owen - Theoretical Astrophysicist
Andrew Parker - Lord Chamberlain, former Director General of the Security Service (MI5)
Luke Roberts – comedian
Philip Sales - Supreme Court Justice
Mark Smith - Academic, Vice-Chancellor of Lancaster University
Ian Stewart – Mathematician
Gavin Strang – Labour Member of Parliament (MP)
Bjarne Stroustrup – inventor of C++
Sir John Stuttard – a Lord Mayor of London
Fabian Tassano – Economist and author
Geoffrey Thomas – Former President of Kellogg College, Oxford
Geoff Travis – Founder of Rough Trade Records label and shops
Neil Turok – Mathematician
Stephen Tweedie – Software developer
Peter Wadhams - Oceanographer and glaciologist
Rick Warden – Actor Band of Brothers, Rome
Jeremy Warmsley – musician
See also
Churchill Scholarships for fourteen graduates from the United States.
Churchill College Boat Club
References
External links
College Website
Churchill College JCR
Churchill College MCR
Churchill College SCR
Archives Centre
Colleges of the University of Cambridge
Winston Churchill
Educational institutions established in 1958
1958 establishments in England