List of wars involving the Ottoman Empire

List of wars involving the Ottoman Empire
This is a list of wars involving the Ottoman Empire ordered chronologically, including civil wars within the empire.
The earliest form of the Ottoman military was a nomadic steppe cavalry force. This was centralized by Osman I from Turkoman tribesmen inhabiting western Anatolia in the late 13th century. Orhan I organized a standing army paid by salary rather than looting or fiefs. The Ottomans began using guns in the late 14th century.
The Ottoman Empire was the first of the three Islamic Gunpowder Empires, followed by Safavid Persia and Mughal India. By the 14th century, the Ottomans had adopted gunpowder artillery. By the time of Sultan Mehmed II, they had been drilled with firearms and became "perhaps the first standing infantry force equipped with firearms in the world." The Janissaries are thus considered the first modern standing army.
The Ottoman Classical Army was the military structure established by Mehmed II. The classical Ottoman army was the most disciplined and feared military force of its time, mainly due to its high level of organization, logistical capabilities and its elite troops. Following a century long reform efforts, this army was forced to disbandment by Sultan Mahmud II on 15 June 1826 by what is known as Auspicious Incident. By the reign of Mahmud the Second, the elite Janissaries had become corrupt and an obstacle in the way of modernization efforts, meaning they were more of a liability than an asset.
Rise (1299–1453)
Classical Age (1453–1566)
{| class="wikitable"
! width="10%" | Date
! width="30%" | Conflict
! width="20%" | Ottomans (and allies)
! width="20%" | Opposition
! width="20%" | Result
|-
| 1454
| Battle of Leskovac
| Ottoman Empire
| Serbian Despotate
| style="background:#ff7e80"|Defeat
Skobaljić on November 16, 1454, defeating his army at Tripolje (near Novo Brdo), where Voivode Nikola and his men fought to the last man, inflicting disproportionately large casualties on the Ottoman force.
|-
| 1454
| Battle of Kruševac
| Ottoman Empire
| Serbian Despotate
| style="background:#ff7e80"|Defeat
Nikola Skobaljić continued his forays against the Ottomans, operating between Leskovac and Priština, and won several major victories against the armies of the sultan.
|-
| 1455
| Siege of Trepča
| Ottoman Empire
| Serbian Despotate
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
Mehmed directed his forces towards Southern Serbia in 1455. He captured the Trepça, Novo Brdo and silver mines.
|-
| 1455
| Siege of Novo Brdo (1455)
| Ottoman Empire
| Serbian Despotate
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
The notables of the city were executed; 320 young men were recruited into the Janissaries and 700 Serbian women were enlisted into the army. The roof of St. Nicholas Church, popularly known as the Saxon church, was removed along with its bells. In 1467, the rest of the people were taken to Istanbul. The Ottoman colony established in the conquered city could not prevent its cultural and economic decline. Novo Brdo, which became noteworthy as the eventual site of an Ottoman mint, maintained its importance until the reign of Murad IV
|-
| 1455
| Siege of Berat (1455)
| Ottoman Empire
| League of Lezhë
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
Berat falls to the Ottomans
|-
| 1456
| Siege of Belgrade (1456)
| Ottoman Empire
| Serbian Despotate Crusader peasant and local gentry recruits
| style="background:#ff7e80"|Defeat
John Hunyadi repels the Ottomans
Mehmed II's advance into Central Europe halted
|-
| 1459
| Siege of Smederevo (1459)
| Ottoman Empire
| Serbian Despotate
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
The fall of Smederevo led to the surrender of all the small forts in northern Serbia. By the end of 1459, all of Serbia was under Mehmed's control, with some 200,000 Serbian captives, thus beginning more than 400 years of Ottoman rule.
|-
| 1460
| Siege of Amasra
| Ottoman Empire
|
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
Annexation of Amasra by the Ottoman Empire
|-
| 1461
| Siege of Trebizond (1461)
| Ottoman Empire
| Empire of Trebizond
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
Ottomans conquer Empire of Trebizond
|-
| 1462
| Night attack at Târgoviște
| Ottoman Empire
| Wallachia
| style="background:#FCE883"|Inconclusive
Failure of Wallachian attempt to assassinate Mehmed II
Vlad III impales over 20,000 Turks
|-
| 1462
| Ottoman conquest of Lesbos
| Ottoman Empire
| Gattilusio lordship of Lesbos Knights Hospitaller
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
Ottomans conquer the island of Lesbos
|-
| 1463–1479
| First Ottoman-Venetian war
| Ottoman Empire
| Papal States League of Lezhë Principality of ZetaKingdom of Hungary Knights Hospitaller Crown of Aragon Kingdom of Naples Aq Qoyunlu Duchy of Burgundy Principality of Moldavia Kingdom of Croatia Duchy of Saint Sava Kingdom of France Republic of Ragusa Grand Duchy of Lithuania Crown of Castile FlorenceKaramanidsManiotsGreek rebels
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
Ottomans conquer the Morea, Negroponte and Albania from Venetians
|-
| 1463
| Siege of Jajce
| Ottoman Empire
| Republic of Venice Kingdom of Bosnia Republic of Ragusa (logistics, goods) Bohemian (Hussite) mercenaries
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
Collapse of the Kingdom of Bosnia
|-
| 1473
| Battle of Otlukbeli
| Ottoman Empire
| Aq Qoyunlu
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
Aq Qoyunlu power nearly wiped out in the East, paving way for Shah Ismail I of the Safavids to take over Persia
|-
| 1473–79
| Moldavian War of Mehmed II
| Wallachia
| Moldavia Transylvania
| style="background:#ff7e80"|Defeat
Mehmet II fails to follow up his victory at Valea Albă with a successful siege of Neamț Citadel
Mehmet's son Bayezid continues the war with the Moldavians in 1484
|-
| 1475
| Conquest of Crimea
|
|
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
The process that started with the conquest of the Anatolian coast of the Black Sea continued with Crimea on the opposite shore, and during the reign of Mehmed the Conqueror, the Black Sea became a Turkish lake.
|-
| 1479
| Battle of Breadfield
|
| Serbian Despotate Wallachia
| style="background:#ff7e80"|Defeat<ref name="Mikaberidze215">Battle of Breadfield (1479), Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia, Vol. 1, ed. Alexander Mikaberidze, (ABC-CLIO, 2011), 215.</ref>
Ottoman raids into Hungary halted
|-
| 1480
| First Ottoman siege of Rhodes
|
| Knights Hospitaller
| style="background:#ff7e80"|Defeat
Ottomans fail to conquer Rhodes
|-
| 1480–1481
| Invasion of Otranto
|
| Kingdom of Naples Crown of Aragon Kingdom of Sicily Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Portugal
| style="background:#ff7e80"|Defeat
Ottomans conquer Otranto and gain foothold in Southern Italy
Ottoman garrison surrender the city after 13 months
|-
| 1481–1484
| Albanian Uprisings of 1481–1484
|
| Albanian rebels Kastrioti familyDukagjini FamilyMuzaka family
| style="background:#FCE883"|Inconclusive
Albanian forces under Nicholas Pal Dukagjini and Lekë Dukagjini land on the north Albanian coastline in early Summer 1481, sparking rebellion in former Dukagjini territories. Lezhë and Shkodër are attacked, forcing Ottomans to send reinforcements.
Meanwhile, Gjon Kastrioti II lands in Durrës, gathering support from 7,000 Albanian infantrymen, and his cousin Konstandin Muzaka lands in the coastal region around Himara. Rebellion breaks out in Central and Southern Albania.
Forces under Gjon Kastrioti defeat a force of 2,000 to 3,000 Ottomans in August 1481 and capture Himara and Borsh Castle.
Rebellion in Northern, Central and Southern Albania prevents Ottomans from sending reinforcements to Italy, resulting in Otranto being recaptured by Christian forces in September 1481.
The rebellions are eventually crushed, and Gjon Kastrioti retreats to Italy in 1484.
|-
| 1484–1486
| Moldavian War of Bayezid II
| Wallachia
| Moldavia Transylvania
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
Ottomans conquer Chilia and Akkerman
|-
| 1484–1486
| Mamluk War of Bayezid II
|
|
| style="background:#FCE883"|Stalemate
Ottoman incursions into Cilicia halted
|-
| 1485–1503
| Polish–Ottoman War (1485–1503)
| Crimean Khanate Moldavia
| Duchy of Masovia
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
Polish King Aleksander Jagiellonczyk forced to sign truce with ottomans
|-
| 1490–1494
| War of the Hungarian Succession
|
| John Corvinus
Vladislaus
John Albert
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
Near elimination of Croatian Nobility at Krbava Field
Eventual Ottoman expansion into Croatia
|-
| 1493–1593
| Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War
Battle of Una
Battle of Vrpile
Battle of Krbava Field
Battle of Dubica
Battle of Jajce (1518)
Siege of Knin
Battle of Mohács
Siege of Güns
Siege of Klis
Katzianer's Campaign
Battle of Hrastovica (1561)
Battle of Obreška
Siege of Krupa
Siege of Szigetvár
Siege of Gvozdansko
Battle of Slunj
Siege of Bihać (1592)
Battle of Brest (1592)
Battle of Sisak
|
| Until 1526: Kingdom of Croatia Kingdom of Hungary
From 1527:
Kingdom of Croatia
Kingdom of Hungary
Duchy of Carniola
Serbian Despotate
| style="background:#FCE883"|Inconclusive
Ottoman Empire conquered areas of Kingdom of Croatia between Vrbas river and Kupa river. Their advance was conclusively halted in 1593 in Third Battle of Sisak. The remaining land remained under the control of Kingdom of Croatia.
Kingdom of Croatia reduced to "Remnants of the remnants"
Croatia joins Habsburg Monarchy
Formation of Military Frontier
Start of the Long Turkish War
|-
| 1499–1503
| Second Ottoman-Venetian War
|
|
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
Venetian strongholds of Modon and Coron fall to the Ottomans
Cephalonia and Ithaca are taken by Venice
|-
|1505–17
|Mamluk–Portuguese conflicts
Battle of Cannanore
Battle of Diu
Portuguese conquest of Goa
Siege of Jeddah
| Mamluk Sultanate
Indian states:
Gujarat Sultanate
Bijapur Sultanate
Calicut kingdom
Kannur
Supported by:
| Portuguese Empire
Supported by: Safavid Empire
| style="background:#ff7e80"|Defeat
Portuguese Indian Armadas got the dominance of the Indian Ocean trade in detritment of muslims and Arabs
Establishment of Portuguese India
|-
| 1505
|Campaign of Trabzon (1505)
|
| Safavid Empire
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
After the battle of 1505, Shah Ismail sent an envoy to Bayezid II complaining about Selim's over-aggressive raids and demanding the return of his captured soldiers' weapons. Bayezid did not return the weapons but he did send the envoy back with gifts and promises of friendship. Selim fought against the Safavids again in 1507 and in 1510, both times defeating the Safavid forces.
|-
| 1507
| Battle of Erzincan (1507)
|
| Safavid Empire
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
Bayezid II did not retaliate to this raid, however Selim I, then the governor of Trabzon, led an attack against Erzincan and defeated a Safavid army that was sent against him by Shah Ismail.
|-
|1507–42
|Ajuran-Portuguese wars
|Ajuran Sultanate
| Portuguese Empire
| style="background:#ff7e80"|Defeat
Portuguese retake Pate, Mombasa and Kilwa from Somali/Ottoman forces.Four centuries of Swahili verse: a literary history and anthology – p. 11
|-
|-
| 1508
| Georgian campaign (1508)
|
| Kingdom of Imereti
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
Imereti and Guria subjugated by the OttomansPage 19Gürcistanın yeni jeopolitiği. C Küçükali.
|-
|1508–1573
|Gujarati–Portuguese conflicts
Battle of Diu (1509)
Siege of Diu (1531)
Siege of Diu (1538)
| Gujarat Sultanate
Supported by:
Kingdom of Calicut
Ottoman Empire
|
Portuguese India
| style="background:#ff7e80"|Defeat
Establishment of Portuguese Diu. Ottomans and Gujarati fail to relieve Diu and Portugal keeps control of the port
Treaty of Bassein (1534)
Establishment of Portuguese Bassein
Establishment of Portuguese Daman
|-
| 1509–1513
| Ottoman Civil War (1509–13)
| Şehzade Selim
| Şehzade Ahmet
Şahkulu
Safavid Empire
| style="background:#FCE883"|Victory for Selim
Şehzade Selim becomes Selim I
Şehzade Ahmet puts down Şahkulu's rebellion
Selim executes Ahmet and relations between Ottomans and Safavids worsen
|-
| 1510
| Campaign of Trabzon (1510)
|
| Safavid Empire
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
In 1510 Shah Ismail sent a military contingent against the same place that Selim had successfully defended in 1505 Shah Ismail’s brother advanced through Ottoman territory and marched against Trabzon but he was defeated by Selim.
|-
| 1514
| Battle of Chaldiran
|
| Safavid Empire
| style="background:#8cff90"|Ottoman Military VictoryDavid Eggenberger, An Encyclopedia of Battles, (Dover Publications, 1985), 85. however some sources claim Political Stalemate
Ottomans annex Eastern Anatolia and northern Iraq from the Safavids
Ottomans briefly occupy and plunder the Safavid capital, TabrizEncyclopaedia Iranica, Tabriz
Kurdish chiefs assert their authority and switch their allegiance from the Safavids to the Ottomans.
Safavids adopt tactics similar to Ottomans
|-
| 1514
| Capture of Bayburt (1514)
|
| Safavid Empire
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
Sultan Selim assigned Bıyıklı Mehmed Pasha with the task of conquering Bayburt. Bıyıkli Mehmed Pasha conquered Bayburt which was defended by a Qizilbash Safavid chief, Kara Maksud.XVII. YÜZYILIN ORTALARINA DOĞRU KELKİD KAZASI. İbrahim Etem Çakır, Selçuk Demir. Karadeniz Araştırmaları Merkezi. The attitude of Mehmet Pasha cause some of the guards around Kiği to be afraid, this area was also captured.
|-
| 1515
| Siege of Kemah
|
| Safavid Empire
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
The siege ended with a decisive victory for the Ottoman Empire over the Safavid Empire. The fortress was captured by Selim I on 19 May in 1515. With this victory, Ottomans created their safe border against the Safavids.
|-
| 1515
| Battle of Tekiryaylağı
|
| Safavid Empire
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
After this battle Tunceli and it's around conquered by the Ottomans. After these occupation, Ottoman army led by the Bıyıklı Mehmed Pasha, prepared for the next battles against Safavids Battle of Koçhisar
|-
| 1515–1577
| Spanish-Ottoman Wars of 1515–1577
Algiers expedition (1516)
Algiers expedition (1519)
Capture of Peñón of Algiers
Battle of Formentera
Siege of Coron
Conquest of Tunis (1534)
Conquest of Tunis (1535)
Sack of Mahón
Siege of Castelnuovo
Battle of Preveza
Battle of Girolata
Algiers expedition
Siege of Tripoli (1551)
Capture of Béjaïa (1555)
Siege of Oran (1556)
Raid of the Balearic islands (1558)
Expedition to Mostaganem (1558)
Battle of Djerba
Great Siege of Malta
Capture of Tunis (1569)
Battle of Lepanto
Conquest of Tunis (1574)
| (until 1538)
| Holy Roman Empire
Kingdom of Naples
Kingdom of Sicily
Malta
Republic of Florence
Hafsid Kingdom
| style="background:#FCE883"|In North Africa Ottoman victory In Mediterranean inconclusive.
Algeria, Tunisia and Libya became Ottoman territory
|-
| 1515
| Battle of Turnadağ
|
| Beylik of Dulkadir
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
After the battle, Beylik of Dulkadir ceased to exist. It was converted to an Ottoman sanjak, (Ottoman administrative unit). The first governor of the sanjak became Ali Bey of the Dulkadir. Hadim Sinan Pasha was promoted to be the grand vizier. The next year, Selim I waged a war against Egypt, and Egypt as well as Syria and Palestine came under the Ottoman rule.
|-
| 1516–1517
| Second Ottoman-Mamluk War
|
|
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
Ottomans take over the entire Mamluk Sultanate, including Cairo, Mecca, Aleppo and Damascus
Ottoman Sultans become Caliphs of the Islamic world and the most powerful Muslim leader
|-
| 1516
| Siege of Harput (1516)
|
| Safavid Empire
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
In March 1516 under the command of Deli Husrev Pasha the Ottomans laid siege to Harput. The siege lasted for three days until Harput was conquered on 26 March.Arslan, Zeynep. Mamuretü’l-aziz (Elazığ) ve Çevresinde Asayiş (1914-1923). Marmara Universitesi (Turkey) ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2012. 28582949.
|-
| 1516
| Battle of Koçhisar
|
| Safavid Empire
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
Ottoman armies annex Southeastern Anatolia, Northeastern Syria and North Iraq
|-
| 1517
| Capture of Mosul (1517)
|
| Safavid Empire
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
Ottomans capture Mosul
|-
| 1517
| Siege of Jeddah
|
|
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
End of Portuguese blockade in Red Sea
Jeddah, the remaining stronghold of the Mamluk sultanate, is captured by Selim I
|-
| 1518
| Fall of Tlemcen
|
| Kingdom of Tlemcen
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
Ottoman Corsair Oruç Reis in control of territory size of 1916 French Algeria
|-
| 1519–1610
| Celali rebellions
| Ottoman Empire
| Celali
| style="background:#8cff90" |Victory
The rebellions were suppressed bloodily
|-
|1519–1639
|Acehnese–Portuguese conflicts
Battle of Perlis River
Ottoman embassy to Aceh
Siege of Malacca (1568)
Battle of Duyon River
| Aceh Sultanate Supported by:
Ottoman Empire
Sultanate of Kalinyamat
Sultanate of Golkonda
Dutch East India Company
|
Portuguese India
Portuguese Malacca
Supported by:
Kingdom of Aru
Sultanate of Johor
Sultanate of Kedah
Sultanate of Pasai
Sultanate of Pedir
Sultanate of Perak
Sultanate of Perlis
| style="background:#FCE883"|Inconclusive
|-
| 1521
| 3rd Ottoman Siege of Belgrade
|
|
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
Suleiman I conquers the Hungarian stronghold of Belgrade, exposing the weakness of the Hungarian Nobility, something he would exploit at Mohács
|-
| 1521
| Siege of Šabac (1521)
|
| Kingdom of Hungary
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
In 1520 Suleiman the Magnificent ascended to the throne. The Ottomans under the leadership of Ahmed Pasha conquered the fortress of Šabac on 7 July in 1521. In the conquest. All of its defenders were killed. After its conquest Suleiman said that it was one of the cities he had conquered and that it must be improved. He ordered towers to be built around the fortress and a moat around it filled with water from Sava. Suleiman spent 10 full days on the Sava at Šabac overseeing the construction of the pontoon bridge.
|-
| 1522
| 2nd Ottoman Siege of Rhodes
|
| Knights Hospitaller
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
Ottoman Empire annexes Rhodes
Knights move initially to Sicily, but then to Malta, Gozo, and Tripoli
Ottoman supremacy over trade in the Eastern Mediterranean is secured
|-
| 1523
| Expedition to Kamaran
|
|
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
In 1523 under the orders of Kanuni, Captain Selman Reis went on an expedition in the Red Sea. During this expedition Selman Reis discovered that the Kamaran Island was occupied by the Portuguese,The Portuguese used their base to raid the coast of Arabia, Salman Reis and Husayn al Rumi had an Ottoman force composed of 4,000 men. After their arrival in Yemen, the Ottomans attacked the Portuguese which resulted in the complete destruction and expulsion of Portuguese forces and the occupation of the island by the Ottomans.
|-
| 1526
| Battle of Mohács
|
Crimean Khanate
|
Kingdom of Croatia
Crown of Bohemia
Duchy of Bavaria
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
End of Ottoman–Hungarian wars
Start of Ottoman–Habsburg wars
Collapse and partition of Medieval Hungary and Hungary never regained its former political power
End of Middle Ages in Central Europe
|-
| 1526–1791
| Ottoman-Habsburg wars
In Hungary and Balkans
Hungarian campaign of 1527–1528
Balkan campaign of 1529
Little War in Hungary
Siege of Vienna
Siege of Szigetvár
Long Turkish War
Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664)
Great Turkish War
Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718)
Russo-Turkish War (1735–1739)
Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791)
In Mediterranean
Battle of Formentera
Siege of Coron
Conquest of Tunis (1535)
Sack of Mahón
Siege of Castelnuovo
Battle of Girolata
Battle of Alboran
Algiers expedition
Capture of Mahdia
Siege of Oran
Ottoman raid of the Balearic islands
Battle of Djerba
Sieges of Oran and Mers El Kébir
Great Siege of Malta
Battle of Lepanto
Conquest of Tunis (1574)
Battle of Cape Corvo
Battle of Cape Celidonia
|
Vassals:
Moldavia
Transylvania
Cossack Hetmanate (Doroshenko's faction)
Crimean Khanate
| | Habsburg Dynasty:
Archduchy of Austria
Kingdom of Bohemia
Republic of Genoa
Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Croatia
Non-Habsburg allies:
Moldavia
Transylvania
Tsardom of Russia
Cossack Hetmanate (Muscovite and Polish vassals)
Holy League Allies:
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Duchy of Mantua
Order of Saint John
| style="background:#FCE883"|Inconclusive
End of Ottoman expansion
Decline of both the Ottoman and Habsburg empires
Prolonged military conflict contributed to decline of both Ottomans and Habsburgs which caused significant shift in the balance of power from both of these empires to the emerging France, Britain and Russia
|-
| 1527–28
| Hungarian Campaign of Ferdinand I
| Eastern Hungarian Kingdom
| Habsburg Austria Kingdom of Bohemia Royal Hungary Rascians
| style="background:#ff7e80"|Defeat
Austria occupies Győr, Komárom, Esztergom, Buda, and Székesfehérvár while Suleiman takes no action immediately despite his vassals' pleas
|-
| 1529
| Hungarian Campaign of Suleiman I
| Eastern Hungarian Kingdom
| Habsburg Austria Kingdom of Bohemia Royal Hungary Rascians
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
Ottomans re-occupy Győr, Komárom, Esztergom, and Buda, reversing all of Ferdinand I's gains in his invasion of Hungary the previous year
|-
|1529–43
|Ethiopian–Adal War
| Adal Sultanate
|
Portuguese Empire (1541–43)
| style="background:#FCE883"|Stalemate and Status quo ante bellum
Withdrawal of the few remaining Adal-Ottoman troops from the Ethiopian Highlands after the death of Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi.
|-
| 1529
| 1st Ottoman siege of Vienna
|
|
Electorate of the Palatinate
Kabyle soldiers
| style="background:#ff7e80"|Defeat
Suleiman fails to conquer Vienna
Ferdinand unable to counter-attack after Suleiman lays waste to Styria and Habsburg Hungary
|-
| 1530–52
| Little War in Hungary
|
Eastern Hungarian Kingdom Supported by:
|
Habsburg Austria
Kingdom of Bohemia
Royal Hungary Kingdom of Croatia
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
Hungary divided into larger Ottoman and smaller Habsburg spheres of influence, as well as a semi-independent Ottoman vassal state of Transylvania
|-
| 1531
| Battle of al-Shihr (1531)
| Kathiri Sultanate
|
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory
Khoja Zufar prevented the Portuguese from entering al-Shihr, he defeated and drove out the Portuguese forces.<ref name=Andreu>Andreu Martínez d’Alòs-Moner; Conquistadores, Mercenaries, and Missionaries: The Failed Portuguese Dominion of the Red Sea. Northeast African Studies 1 April 2012; 12 (1): The Portuguese Off the South Arabian Coast: Ḥaḍramī Chronicles, with Yemeni and European Accounts of Dutch Pirates Off Mocha in the Seventeenth Century, 1963, Clarendon Press, p. 57</ref>
|-
| 1532–55
| 2nd Ottoman–Safavid War
|
| Safavid Empire
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory Ottomans gain large parts of Mesopotamia, Western Kurdistan, Western Armenia, and Western Georgia
Persians retain Tabriz, Eastern Georgia, Eastern Armenia, Eastern Kurdistan, Dagestan, and Azerbaijan and the rest of their north-western borders as they were prior to the war
Erzurum, Van, and Shahrizor become buffer zones
Kars is declared a neutral zone
|-
| 1533
| Expedition of Irakeyn
|
| Safavid Empire
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory Although the Ottoman army reached Sultaniye under difficult conditions, they could not find any trace of the Shah. From here, the Ottoman army headed towards Baghdad, struggling with the difficult terrain and climatic conditions. Baghdad was easily captured by the Ottoman forces on November 28, 1534, after the Safavid forces under the command of Tekelü Mehmed Khan, who were defending Baghdad, fled the city.
|-
| 1534
| Ottoman conquest of Tunis
|
| Hafsid dynasty
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory Tunis captured by Barbarossa
|-
| 1535
| Habsburgian conquest of Tunis
|
|
County of Flanders
Habsburg Spain
Kingdom of Sicily
Hafsid dynasty Kingdom of Portugal
| style="background:#ff7e80"|Defeat Muley Hassan of the Hafsid dynasty restored as client ruler of Tunis and Spanish-Imperial tributary.History of the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey Ezel Kural Shaw
|-
| 1536–38
| Italian War of 1536–1538
| Regency of Algiers
| Spain
| style="background:#FCE883"|Inconclusive Franco-Ottoman alliance strengthened and Charles V forced to negotiate peace to avoid two-front war
Spain strengthens control over Italy
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V loses to Ottomans at Preveza
|-
| 1536–37
| Siege of Klis
|
| Kingdom of Croatia
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory Ottomans take Klis
|-
| 1537–40
| Third Ottoman-Venetian war
| Regency of Algiers
| Holy League:
Kingdom of Sicily
Knights of Malta
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory Venice loses most foreign possessions and can no longer take on the Ottoman navy
|-
|1538–1560
|Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1538–1557)
Siege of Diu (1538)
Battle of Suakin (1541)
Attack on Jeddah (1541)
Battle of El Tor
Battle of Suez (1541)
Ethiopian–Adal War
Capture of Aden (1548)
Siege of Qatif (1551)
Ottoman campaign against Hormuz
Battle of the Strait of Hormuz (1553)
Battle of the Gulf of Oman
Red Sea Campaign (1556)
|
Ottoman Egypt
Ottoman Arabia
Gujarat Sultanate
Adal Sultanate
|
Portuguese India
Kingdom of Hormuz
Ethiopian Empire
| style="background:#FCE883"|Stalemate Portugal maintains control of the Persian Gulf
Ottomans expand their influence in the Red Sea, annexing Yemen and the west bank of the Red Sea (coastal strip of Sudan and Eritrea)
|-
| 1542–46
| Italian War of 1542–1546
| Regency of Algiers
Swiss mercenaries Jülich-Cleves-Berg
|
Brandenburg
Spain
| style="background:#FCE883"|Inconclusive No territorial changes for Ottomans
Barbarossa increases Ottoman control over the Mediterranean with the Sack of Nice
|-
| 1543
| Battle of Karagak
|
| Kingdom of Imereti
Principality of Guria
| style="background:#ff7e80"|Defeat|-
| 1545
| Battle of Sokhoista
|
| Kingdom of Imereti Kingdom of Kartli Principality of Guria
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory The victory at Sokhoista gave to the Ottomans the upper hand in southwestern Caucasus and allowed them to overrun Samtskhe, where they installed their protégé, atabek Kaikhosro III. Tortum, İspir, and Pasin were detached from Samtskhe and annexed to the Ottoman Empire.
|-
| 1547
| Ottoman invasion of Guria
|
| Principality of Guria
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory Ottomans conquer Adjara
|-
| 1551–1559
| Spanish-Ottoman War (1550–1560)
Capture of Mahdia
Siege of Tripoli
Campaign of Tlemcen (1551)
Capture of Béjaïa
Raid of the Balearic islands
Expedition to Mostaganem
Battle of Djerba
Part of German-Ottoman war 1550–1562, Spanish-Ottoman Wars of 1515–1577 and Conflicts between the Regency of Algiers and Morocco
|
Regency of Algiers
Regency of Tunis
| | Knights of Malta
Saadi Sultanate
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory Béjaïa under Ottoman rule.
Ottomans capture Tripoli.
Mahdia was abandoned by Spain.
Ottomans temporarily occupy parts of the Balearics.
Ottoman supremacy on Mediterranean sea seizured until Battle of Lepanto.
|-
| 1551
| Ottoman conquest of Tripolitania
|
| Order of Saint John
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory Ottomans conquer Tripoli
|-
| 1551
| Invasion of Gozo
|
| Order of Saint John Maltese civilians
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory Gozo population decimated and majority of islanders forced into slavery
|-
| 1551–59
| Italian War of 1551–1559
|
Swiss mercenaries
Republic of Siena
|
Spanish Empire
Duchy of Mantua
Republic of Florence
| style="background:#FCE883"|Inconclusive Spanish-Imperial victory
Ottoman victory in the Mediterranean
Dragut's numerous victories against Genoese and Habsburgian fleets gives it near dominance in the Mediterranean
France occupies Calais from English
France cedes Corsica to Genoa after Dragut conquered it for the Franco-Ottoman alliance
|-
| 1552
| Hungarian Campaign of 1552
|
|
| style="background:#FCE883"|Inconclusive Ottomans conquer Temesvár but fail to take Eger
|-
|1554/1557–1589
|Ottoman conquest of Habesh
|
Medri Bahri
Adal Sultanate
| Ethiopian Empire
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory Establishment of Habesh Eyalet.
|-
|1558–66
|Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1558–1566)
Siege of Bahrain
Battle of Kamaran Island (1560)
|
Ottoman Arabia
Ajuran Sultanate
|
Portuguese India
Kingdom of Hormuz
| style="background:#FCE883" |Inconclusive due to Suleiman the Magnificent death
Portuguese tactical victory
|-
| 1558
| Battle of Djerba
|
|
Order of Saint John
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory Dragut ensures Ottoman naval superiority
|-
| 1565–1898
| Spanish conquest of the Philippines
| Sultanate of Sulu Sultanate of MaguindanaoConfederation of sultanates in Lanao
Supported by:
Sultanate of Ternate
Bruneian empire
| Spanish Empire
Captaincy General of the Philippines
| style="background:#FCE883" |Inconclusive|-
| 1565
| Great Siege of Malta
| Kingdom of Beni AbbasGaïd, Mouloud (1975). L'Algérie sous les Turcs (in French). Maison tunisienne de l'édition.
|
| style="background:#ff7e80"|Defeat Christian Victory
Dragut dies in action leading to conflict between remaining Ottoman generals
Myth of Ottoman Invincibility in Europe destroyed
|-
| 1566
| Siege of Szigetvár
|
Eastern Hungarian Kingdom
| Habsburg Empire
Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Croatia
| style="background:#8cff90"|Victory' Suleiman the Magnificent dies in his tent before the final assault.
The whole Hungarian-Croatian army (2300–3000) is killed, Miklós IV Zrínyi is killed in the final battle.
Miklós IV Zrínyi ordered a fuse be lit to the powder magazine. After cutting down the last of the defenders the Ottoman Army entered the remains of Szigetvár and fell into the trap. 3,000 Turks perished in the explosion.Dupuy (1970), p. 501.Nafziger & Walton (2003), p. 105
20,000–30,000 Ottomans were killed.
Ottomans captured Szigetvár fortress and it became part of Budin Eyalet
|-
|}
Transformation (1566–1703)
Old Regime (1703–1789)
Decline and modernization (1789–1908)
Dissolution (1908–1922)
See also
List of wars involving Turkey
List of battles involving the Ottoman Empire
Sick man of Europe
Eastern Question
Notes
References
Sources
Further reading
Odan, Serada. "Thread: List of Wars Involving the Ottoman Empire." Ummahcom Muslim Forum RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Mar. 2015.
"List of Wars Involving the Ottoman Empire." List of Wars Involving the Ottoman Empire''. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Mar. 2015.
Ottoman Empire
Wars