PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
Islamic Fiqh Academy (India)

Islamic Fiqh Academy (India)
Islamic Fiqh Academy (IFA) of India is a Deobandi fiqh organization. It was established in 1988 in New Delhi under the guidance of Mujahidul Islam Qasmi. The primary objective of the academy is to address contemporary issues and challenges faced by Muslims in light of the principles and methodology of Islamic jurisprudence, as derived from the Quran, Sunnah (teachings and practices of Muhammad), and the interpretations of classical jurists and scholars. The IFA aims to find solutions to problems arising from social, political, economic, industrial, and technological developments through collective efforts and research. It organizes seminars, symposiums, and conferences, and prepares literature to address new issues and challenges faced by Muslims in the modern world. The academy focuses on promoting the principles of fiqh and Islamic ethics, while also fostering dialogue and cooperation with other academic and fiqh institutions worldwide.
The IFA has gained recognition both within India and internationally. It has established collaborative relationships with research organizations, educational centers, and departments of Law and Islamic studies at various universities, particularly in the Arab world. The academy also maintains strong ties with other renowned fiqh academies globally, aiming to efficiently identify and analyze problems faced by Muslim communities and find appropriate solutions.
Activities
The activities of the IFA can be broadly categorized into three areas: organizing fiqhi seminars, conducting training workshops, and preparing and publishing fiqhi literature. Through these endeavors, the Islamic Fiqh Academy of India plays a significant role in addressing contemporary issues and providing guidance on matters related to Islamic jurisprudence and ethics.
Services
It has issued statements on aspects of Islamic religious observance such as medical treatment during the Ramadan fast, and on sex education, mixed-sex education and organ donation. It has issued a number of published works, including an Urdu translation of the Encyclopedia of Islamic Jurisprudence. The Academy has been described as "the most recent and, in many ways, the most sophisticated articulation so far of claims to institutionalized Islamic authority in India".
Membership
The membership includes a large number of young graduates (Fazils) from madrasas including Darul Uloom Deoband, Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama and Firangi Mahal in Lucknow. The academy coordinates with other academic and Fiqh institutions in the Middle East and in countries and areas with a significant Muslim minority population, such as the USA and Europe.
See also
List of Deobandi organisations
Deobandi fiqh
References
External links
Islamic Fiqh Academy
Deobandi fiqh
1988 establishments in Delhi
Educational organisations based in India
Deobandi organisations
القلعة (توضيح)

القلعة (توضيح)
انظر القلعة عن المنشأة العسكرية، لمقالات أخرى تحمل نفس الاسم:
قرية القلعة: قرية في محافظة قنا، مصر.
القلعة: في تونس.
حقوق المثليين في أوزبكستان

حقوق المثليين في أوزبكستان
يواجه الأشخاص من المثليين والمثليات ومزدوجي التوجه الجنسي والمتحولين جنسياً (اختصاراً: مجتمع الميم) في أوزبكستان تحديات قانونية واجتماعية لا يواجهها غيرهم من المغايرين جنسيا. يعتبر النشاط الجنسي المثلي بين الرجال غير قانوني في أوزبكستان وتتراوح عقوبته بين الغرامة والسجن لمدة تصل إلى 3 سنوات. ويواجه الأشخاص من مجتمع المثليين وصمة عار بين السكان. كما أن المنازل التي يعيش فيها الشركاء المثليون غير مؤهلة للحصول على نفس الحماية القانونية المتاحة للأزواج المغايرين.
قانونية النشاط الجنسي المثلي
قانون العقوبات 1994/95 (مراجعة 2001)
§ 120
” «بيسوكوابوزليك» أي ما يعني الاتصال الجنسي الطوعي بين فردين من الرجال – سيعاقب عليه بالسجن لما يصل إلى ثلاثة سنوات.“
ملخص
انظر أيضا
حقوق المثليين في آسيا
مراجع
المثلية في أوزبكستان
حقوق الإنسان في أوزبكستان
أوزبكستان
أوزبكستان
قانون أوزبكستاني
حقوق المثليين في أوزبكستان
حقوق المثليين في آسيا حسب البلد
كوسلادا

كوسلادا هي بلدية ومدينة في منطقة الحكم الذاتي وتقع في منطقة مدريد في وسط إسبانيا. تبلغ مساحة هذه المدينة 12 (كم²)، ويبلغ عدد سكانها 91861 نسمة حسب إحصاء سنة 2011 م.
توأمة
لكوسلادا اتفاقيات توأمة مع كل من:
أوراديا (2005 - )
جنين
مجيك
أعلام
لورا كيفيدو
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أماكن مأهولة في منطقة مدريد
بلديات منطقة مدريد
كوسلادا
يوكو أويتا

يوكو أويتا (尾板 裕子)، هو لاعب كرة قدم. ولعبت مع منتخب اليابان لكرة القدم للسيدات.
وصلات خارجية
لاعبات كرة قدم يابانيات
لاعبات منتخب اليابان لكرة القدم للنساء
لاعبو بونيوز كيوتو
مواليد 1969
Francis Jennings

Francis Jennings
Francis "Fritz" Paul Jennings (1918November 17, 2000) was an American historian, best known for his works on the colonial history of the United States. He taught at Cedar Crest College from 1968 to 1976, and at the Moore College of Art from 1966 to 1968.
Biography
Early life and education
Jennings was born in Pottsville, Pennsylvania in 1918, just before the close of World War I. He graduated from Pottsville High School in 1935 and Temple University in 1939. After graduating from Temple University, he stayed in Philadelphia and taught high school English and history at Franklin High School. He then married Joan Woollcott, and started a family.
After the outbreak of World War II, he joined the United States Army in 1942 and attended basic training in Fort Eustis, Virginia. He was then transferred the 231 Station Hospital at Camp Atterbury, Indiana, then to England in 1943, where he was the chief clerk of a headquarters unit. He became a sergeant. After returning home from the war, earned a master's degree in education and two more children were born.
Jennings earned a PhD in 1965 at the University of Pennsylvania.
Career
Jennings was interested in American historiography and the influence of ideology in the case of Francis Parkman. In 1956, he purchased a used set of his works. In his reading of Parkman he argued it contained a heavy strain of American exceptionalism or ideology and revisited Parkman's sources. The Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture published his own work on colonial Indian relationships offered by Parkman in the Watergate-era titled Invasion of America: Indians, Colonialism, and the Cant of Conquest.
Later life and death
Jennings spent his last years as the Senior Research Fellow at the Newberry Library of Chicago and earlier as the director of the Newberry Library's D'Arcy McNickle Center for American Indian History. He died on November 17, 2000, after a long illness.
Bibliography
Selected works
The "Covenant Chain" trilogy:
The Invasion of America: Indians, Colonialism and the Cant of Conquest (1975)
The Ambiguous Iroquois Empire: The Covenant Chain Confederation of Indian Tribes with English Colonies (1984); New York: Norton.
Empire of Fortune (1990); W. W. Norton & Company
The Creation of America: Through Revolution to Empire (2000); New York: Cambridge University Press.
The Founders of America (1993)
Articles and essays
Jennings, Francis. "James Logan". American National Biography. 13: pages 836–37. Ed. John A. Garraty and Mark C. Carnes. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. .
Further reading
Peterson, Mark. "How (and Why) to Read Francis Parkman" Common-Place: The Journal of Early American Life (2002) online
References
External links
Francis Jennings at the Organization of American Historians (OAH)
Francis Jennings Papers at the Newberry Library
1918 births
2000 deaths
20th-century American historians
20th-century American male writers
American male non-fiction writers
Temple University alumni
University of Pennsylvania alumni
United States Army non-commissioned officers
United States Army personnel of World War II
القرية (صحم)

القرية (صحم)
القرية منطقة سكنية تقع في ولاية صحم، التابعة لمحافظة شمال الباطنة في سلطنة عمان. يقدر عدد سكانها بـ 90 نسمة حسب إحصاء عام 2010 التابع للمركز الوطني للإحصاء والمعلومات الحكومي. رمز المنطقة هو 60430430.
مراجع
انظر أيضاً
قائمة مدن سلطنة عمان
الوصلات الخارجية
المركز الوطني للإحصاء والمعلومات، سلطنة عمان
أماكن مأهولة في ولاية صحم
أوتكيربيك هيدروف

أوتكيربيك هيدروف (مواليد 25 يناير 1974) هو ملاكم أوزباكستاني، مثّل بلاده في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية في دورتي 2000 و2004.
روابط خارجية
مراجع
أشخاص من أنديجان
حائزون على ميداليات أولمبية في الملاكمة
حائزون على ميداليات في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2004
حائزون على ميداليات في دورة الألعاب الآسيوية 2002
فائزون بميداليات برونزية أولمبية من أوزبكستان
فائزون بميداليات ذهبية في الألعاب الآسيوية لأوزبكستان
فائزون بميداليات في الألعاب الآسيوية في الملاكمة
ملاكمو وزن متوسط
ملاكمون أوزبكستانيون
ملاكمون أولمبيون من أوزبكستان
ملاكمون في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2000
ملاكمون في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2004
ملاكمون في دورة الألعاب الآسيوية 2002
ملاكمون في دورة الألعاب الآسيوية 2006
مواليد 1394 هـ
فائزون بميداليات بطولة العالم للملاكمة
1994 في كوستاريكا

1994 في كوستاريكا
فيما يلي قوائم الأحداث التي وقعت خلال عام 1994 في كوستاريكا.
سياسة
تعيين في المنصب
8 مايو – خوسيه ماريا فيغيريس رئيس كوستاريكا.
انتهاء فترة المنصب
8 مايو – رافاييل أنخيل كالديرون فورنييه رئيس كوستاريكا.
مواليد
يناير
10 يناير – جون خايرو رويز لاعب كرة قدم كوستاريكي.
مارس
25 مارس – كيفين أليمان لاعب كرة قدم كندي.
أبريل
19 أبريل – كريستيان مارتينيز لاعب كرة قدم كوستاريكي.
يوليو
31 يوليو – جيك بيكفورد لاعب كرة قدم كوستاريكي.
سبتمبر
27 سبتمبر – آريال لاسييتير لاعب كرة قدم من الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية.
نوفمبر
12 نوفمبر – آلفين بينيت لاعب كرة قدم كوستاريكي.
ديسمبر
26 ديسمبر – ماريانا بينافايدز لاعبة كرة قدم كوستاريكية.
وفيات
ديسمبر
29 ديسمبر – مانويل مورا (مواليد 1909) سياسي كوستاريكي.
1994 حسب البلد
قرصعنة حقلية

قرصعنة حقلية
القِرصَعنة الحقلية أو شوكة يهودية أو شوكة زرقاء أو قرصعنة زرقاء أو درافل أو شويكة ابراهيم أو عشربا نوع نباتي عشبي يتبع جنس القِرصَعنة من الفصيلة الشفوية. موطنه الأصلي وسط وجنوب أوروبا.
الموئل والانتشار
تنتشر في مناطق الوطن العربي المتوسطية وتركيا والقوقاز وكل مناطق أوروبا من اليونان والبلقان إلى إسبانيا والبرتغال وشمالاً من بريطانيا إلى روسيا.
الوصف النباتي
النبات معمر ذو أشواك.
مصادر
نباتات أوروبا
أصنوفات سماها كارولوس لينيوس
الحياة النباتية في أوروبا
قرصعنة
نباتات أذربيجان
نباتات أرمينيا
نباتات ألبانيا
نباتات ألمانيا
نباتات البرتغال
نباتات البوسنة والهرسك
نباتات الجبل الأسود
نباتات الدنمارك
نباتات المجر
نباتات المغرب العربي
نباتات النمسا
نباتات اليونان
نباتات إسبانيا
نباتات إيطاليا
نباتات بريطانيا
نباتات بلجيكا
نباتات بلغاريا
نباتات بولندا
نباتات تركيا
نباتات تشيكيا
نباتات جورجيا
نباتات روسيا
نباتات روسيا البيضاء
نباتات رومانيا
نباتات سلوفاكيا
نباتات سلوفينيا
نباتات سويسرا
نباتات صربيا
نباتات طبية
نباتات عطرية
نباتات فرنسا
نباتات كرواتيا
نباتات لبنان
نباتات مقدونيا
نباتات مولدوفا
نباتات هولندا
نباتات وادي النيل
نباتات وصفت في 1753
Rainow

Rainow is a village and civil parish in Cheshire, England, in the valley of the River Dean and next to the B5470 road between Macclesfield and Kettleshulme. It straddles the eastern side of the Peak District border of Derbyshire and Cheshire, and is surrounded by pasture farmland. The Peak District Boundary Walk runs past the village. The village's name comes from the Old English hræfn + hōh, meaning "hill-spur frequented by ravens". It is a former coal-mining village and has a population of around 2,500.
To the east of the village is Lamaload Reservoir, the first concrete reservoir constructed in England, between 1958 and 1964. At , it is also the highest constructed dam in England.
White Nancy, a circular, white-painted stone structure constructed to celebrate the anniversary of the Battle of Waterloo, stands at the northern end of Kerridge Hill on the boundary between the parishes of Rainow and Bollington.
School
Rainow Primary School has 175 pupils, covering Reception through to Year 6.
Holy Trinity Church
Holy Trinity Church was built in 1846 at a cost of £1,800 by John Mellor of Kerridge End on land donated by Joseph Harding. The architect was Samuel Howard of Disley. In 1958, the present vicarage was built adjoining the church. There are regular services and events at the Church which are advertised on their website: www.rainowchurches.org.
Jenkin Chapel
Jenkin Chapel was constructed of local gritstone in 1733. It has an external flight of steps leading to a gallery (a small tower with a saddleback roof was added in 1754–55). Originally dedicated to St. John the Baptist, it was consecrated in 1894 and re-dedicated to St. John the Evangelist. There are monthly services on the 3rd Sunday of the month.
Cultural events
Rainow has an annual Church Fête with tea marquee, tug of war, and a fell race across Kerridge Hill that overlooks the village. The fête is also associated with a two-week display of 'scarecrows' throughout the village. An annual 5-mile race called The Rainow Five leads from the institute, up Kerridge then back down; it attracts many local runners, as well as the occasional celebrity such as Tony Audenshaw from the ITV soap Emmerdale.
Notable residents
Notable residents of the village are Stephen Morris and Gillian Gilbert, members of the bands Joy Division, New Order and The Other Two. Both grew up in nearby Macclesfield. The Stone Roses guitarist John Squire also lives in the village. Previous residents include Brian Redhead (journalist, author and broadcaster), Bill Turnbull (BBC journalist and presenter, resident 2012–16), and former Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne.
See also
Listed buildings in Rainow
References
External links
Rainow website
Rainow School Website
Entry in Kelly's Directory of Cheshire, 1902
Lamaload Reservoir
Villages in Cheshire
Civil parishes in Cheshire
Towns and villages of the Peak District
منتخب فيجي تحت 23 سنة لكرة القدم

منتخب فيجي تحت 23 سنة لكرة القدم هو ممثل فيجي الرسمي في المنافسات الدولية في كرة القدم في فئة كرة قدم تحت 23 سنة للرجال، يديريه اتحاد فيجي لكرة القدم.
تشكيلة المنتخب
قائمة اللاعبين
مراجع
أندية كرة قدم أسست في 1991
تأسيسات سنة 1991 في فيجي
منتخب فيجي الوطني لكرة القدم
منتخبات كرة قدم وطنية
منتخبات كرة قدم وطنية أوقيانوسية تحت 23 سنة
Michael Watt (medical doctor)

Michael Watt (medical doctor)
Michael Herbert Watt (16 March 1887 – 7 April 1967) was a New Zealand medical doctor and public health administrator.
Early life and education
Watt was born in Green Island, Otago, the 11th child of Michael Watt, a Presbyterian minister who taught at Presbyterian Theological College in Dunedin, and his wife, Isabella Shand, both of whom were from Scotland. He was educated at Otago Boys' High School and earned MB and ChB degrees from the University of Otago in 1910. After a year of clinical experience in London, Wolverhampton and Dublin, he received his MD in 1912. In the mid-1910s he earned a Diploma in Public Health from the same university, the second person to do so.
Career
Watt was in private practice in Ngāruawāhia from 1911. In 1914 he became a demonstrator in physiology at the University of Otago, and in 1915 an instructor in anatomy. The following year, he left this position to become a part-time district health officer in the Department of Public Health, and in 1917 became district health officer in Wellington, the first holder of such a position born and trained in New Zealand.
After the 1920 departmental reforms, Watt became the first director of the Division of Public Health, and in 1925 he became deputy director general of health and in 1930, director general, succeeding Thomas Valintine. With the outbreak of the Second World War, in 1939 he was appointed to chair a wartime medical advisory committee and in 1942 as controller of the Hospitals Emergency Precautions Service. He retired in 1947. From 1948 to 1947, he was UNICEF's regional director for Southeast Asia; appointed in 1949 to head the Far East mission, he was unable to take up the post after a medical examination led to his being diagnosed with chronic lymphatic leukaemia.
Moulded by the 1913 smallpox epidemic and by study tours of Japan and North America in 1925 and of North America, Britain and Scandinavia in 1938, Watt was a strong advocate of immunisation, tuberculosis eradication, health and dietary education and industrial health and safety. He played a major role in establishing the Journal of the New Zealand Branch of the Royal Sanitary Institute (1934), the Medical Research Council of New Zealand (1937) and the South Pacific Board of Health (1944), and laid the groundwork for the establishment of the National Health Institute.
Honours
In the 1935 King's Birthday Honours, Watt was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire for his services to public health.
Personal life and death
Watt married Mary Roberta McCahon in 1913 at Timaru; they had two sons, both of whom also entered medicine; his elder son, James Watt, was the first professor of paediatrics in New Zealand. He died in Wellington on 7 April 1967.
References
1887 births
1967 deaths
New Zealand public health doctors
Health professionals from Dunedin
New Zealand Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
New Zealand public servants
UNICEF people
People educated at Otago Boys' High School
University of Otago alumni
.ar

.ar is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Argentina. It is administered by NIC Argentina. Registering an .ar domain (like website.ar) directly is now allowed. Previously, only 9 of the second-level domains listed below were open for registration, and a local presence in Argentina was required. Recently the extension has become synonymous with Augmented Reality and is being by many prominent AR and XR startups.
Second-level domains
As of January 2017 there are currently 12 second-level domains.
com.ar – Companies and individuals resident in Argentina
coop.ar – Registered cooperatives
edu.ar – Educational institutions. Currently, this second-level domain is handled by ARIU (Asociación de Redes de Interconexión Universitaria).
gob.ar, gov.ar – Local and national government
int.ar – International entities and representatives of foreign international organizations in Argentina
mil.ar – Military use
mutual.ar – Registered mutual organizations
net.ar – Providers of internet services licensed by the Comisión Nacional de Comunicaciones
org.ar – Non-profit organizations, which must present a valid proof
senasa.ar – Legal and human persons related to the National Food Safety and Quality Service
.seg.ar - for companies authorised by the Superintendence of National Insurance.
tur.ar – Tourism and travel companies licensed by the Ministerio de Turismo de la Nación. Provincial or municipal government agencies promoting their respective provinces or municipalities can also use this second-level domain.
musica.ar – Any member listed in the National Registry of Musicians and National Musical Groups
bet.ar – Online gambling operators, licensed by local and national government
Special characters
In November 2008, a resolution approved the use of special characters in domain names, including ñ, ç, á, é, í ó, ú, ä, ë, ï, ö, and ü. The .gob.ar domain was also approved for government entities (.gob stands for "gobierno", government in Spanish).
See also
Internet in Argentina
References
External links
NIC Argentina
Resolution N° 904/2008 about tur.ar domains
IANA .ar whois information
Internet in Argentina
Country code top-level domains
sv:Toppdomän#A
Duz Aghol

Duz Aghol (also Romanized as Dūz Āghol and Dūz Āghel; also known as Dooz Aghlī, Duzagal, and Dūz Āghlī) is a village in Qarah Quyun-e Jonubi Rural District, Qarah Quyun District, Showt County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 213, in 56 families.
References
Populated places in Showt County
Seyyed Ramazan

Seyyed Ramazan (also Romanized as Seyyed Ramaẕān; also known as Hāyeţ) is a village in Gheyzaniyeh Rural District, in the Central District of Ahvaz County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 146, in 26 families.
References
Populated places in Ahvaz County
Secret ingredient

Secret ingredient
A secret ingredient is a component of a product that is closely guarded from public disclosure for competitive advantage. Sometimes the ingredient makes a noticeable difference in the way a product performs, looks or tastes; other times it is used for advertising puffery. Companies can go to elaborate lengths to maintain secrecy, repackaging ingredients in one location, partially mixing them in another and relabeling them for shipment to a third, and so on. Secret ingredients are normally not patented because that would result in publication, but they are protected by trade secret laws. Employees who need access to the secret are usually required to sign non-disclosure agreements.
Notable secret ingredients
Merchandise 7X, the "secret ingredient" or "secret formula" in Coca-Cola. The ingredient has remained a secret since its invention in 1886 by John Pemberton. The description of the ingredient is kept in a vault at the World of Coca-Cola in Atlanta.
KFC's "Colonel's secret recipe", created by Colonel Sanders in the 1930s. The recipe, which is advertised as containing "eleven herbs and spices", remains locked in a vault in Louisville, Kentucky.
Special sauce, thought by some to be the variant of Thousand Island dressing used in the preparation of a McDonald's Big Mac hamburger.:23 According to Sarah J. Gim of The Huffington Post, the special sauce is thicker, sweeter and has a "slightly different taste". The ingredients for the special sauce are available on McDonald's website. McDonald's decided to not only reveal the ingredients of the special sauce, but also the method used to make it.
Irn-Bru's secret recipe, created by Robert Barr in 1901.
Chartreuse liqueur, a green or yellow alcoholic drink made by the monks at a monastery in France. The secret of the 130 herbs used in its preparation is known to possibly as few as three monks.
Becherovka, Czech traditional herbal liqueur. The liqueur is based on a blend of different herbs, known only to two current and three former employees of the distillery. All of them had to commit to secrecy until their death.
References
Business terms
Product management
Trade secrets
نوباتيا

نوباتيا (بالإغريقية: Νοβαδἰα، وتنطق نوباديا) هي مملكة إفريقية مسيحية قديمة قامت في منطقة النوبة السفلى، ثم صارت لاحقًا جزءًا من مملكة نوبية أكبر هي مملكة مقرة. تسمى هذه المملكة في الكتابات التأريخية العربية بمملكة المريس.
انظر أيضًا
عمارة نوبية.
مقرة.
مملكة فازوغلي.
مملكة الأبواب المسيحية.
مراجع
المسيحية في السودان
المسيحية في العصور الوسطى
النوبة
انحلالات القرن 7 في إفريقيا
تاريخ السودان
تاريخ المسيحية
تاريخ النوبة
دول إفريقيا القديمة
دول سابقة في إفريقيا
دول وأقاليم انحلت في القرن 7
دول وأقاليم أسست في القرن 4
كنيسة قبطية أرثوذكسية
مقرة
ممالك سابقة