Chionanthus

Chionanthus, common name: fringetrees, is a genus of about 150 species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae.
The genus has a wide distribution primarily in the tropics and subtropics, but with three species extending north into temperate regions, one (C. retusus) in eastern Asia and two (C. virginicus and C. henryae) in eastern North America. Most of the tropical species are evergreen, while the three temperate species are deciduous. Some botanists restrict Chionanthus to the deciduous, temperate species, treating the evergreen species in a separate genus Linociera, but apart from leaf persistence, there is no other consistent difference between them.
They are shrubs and small to medium-sized trees growing to 3–25 m tall. The leaves are opposite, simple. The flowers are produced in feathery panicles, with a corolla subdivided into four slender lobes; they are white, pale yellow, or tinged pink. The fruit is a drupe containing a single seed.
Species
The following species are accepted by
Chionanthus acunae (Borhidi & O.Muñiz) Borhidi - Cuba
Chionanthus adamsii Stearn - Jamaica
Chionanthus africanus (Knobl.) Stearn - tropical Africa
Chionanthus albidiflorus – Sri Lanka
Chionanthus amblirrhinus P.S.Green - Thailand
Chionanthus avilensis (Steyerm.) P.S.Green - Venezuela
Chionanthus axillaris – Australia (Queensland)
Chionanthus axilliflorus – Caribbean
Chionanthus ayresii A.J.Scott - Mauritius
Chionanthus bakeri (Urb.) Stearn - Cuba
Chionanthus balgooyana – Sarawak
Chionanthus battiscombei (Hutch.) Stearn - eastern + southern Africa
Chionanthus beccarii (Stapf) Kiew - Sumatra
Chionanthus boutonii A.J.Scott - Mauritius
Chionanthus brachystachys (Schltr.) P.S.Green - New Caledonia
Chionanthus brachythyrsus – Southern China (Hainan), Vietnam
Chionanthus brassii (Kobuski) Kiew - Papua New Guinea
Chionanthus broomeanus (Horne ex Oliv.) A.J.Scott – Réunion + Mauritius
Chionanthus bumelioides (Griseb.) Stearn - Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola
Chionanthus calcicola (Kerr) Kiew - Malaysia + Thailand
Chionanthus callophylloides – Sarawak + Sabah
Chionanthus callophyllus – Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo
Chionanthus camptoneurus (Gilg & G.Schellenb.) Stearn - Cameroon + Gabon
Chionanthus caudifolius (Ridl.) Kiew - Peninsular Malaysia
Chionanthus caymanensis Stearn - Cayman Islands
Chionanthus celebicus Koord - Sulawesi
Chionanthus clementis (Quisumb. & Merr.) Kiew - Philippines
Chionanthus colonchensis Cornejo & Bonifaz - Ecuador
Chionanthus compactus – Caribbean
Chionanthus cordifolius Labat, Marc Pignal & O.Pascal - Comoros
Chionanthus cordulatus – Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines
Chionanthus coriaceus (S.Vidal) Yuen P.Yang & S.Y.Lu - Taiwan + Philippines
Chionanthus crassifolius (Mart.) P.S.Green - Brazil
Chionanthus crispus – Sabah
Chionanthus curvicarpus – Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines
Chionanthus cuspidatus Blume - Borneo
Chionanthus decipiens P.S.Green - Myanmar + Thailand
Chionanthus densiflorus Zoll. & Moritzi - Java
Chionanthus dictyophyllus (Urb.) Stearn - Hispaniola
Chionanthus diversifolius Miq - Sumatra
Chionanthus domingensis – Caribbean
Chionanthus dussii (Krug & Urb.) Stearn - Dominica + Martinique
Chionanthus ellipticus Blume - Java + Sumatra
Chionanthus enerve (Steenis) Kiew - Borneo
Chionanthus eriorachis (Kerr) P.S.Green - Thailand
Chionanthus evenius – Malesia
Chionanthus ferrugineus (Gilg) P.S.Green - Brazil
Chionanthus filiformis (Vell.) P.S.Green - Brazil
Chionanthus fluminensis (Miers) P.S.Green - Brazil
Chionanthus foveolatus (Pock ironwood) – Southern Africa
Chionanthus gigantifolius Koord - Sulawesi
Chionanthus gigas (Lingelsh.) Kiew - New Guinea
Chionanthus globosus – Borneo
Chionanthus glomeratus Blume - Sumatra
Chionanthus grandifolius (Elmer) Kiew - Philippines
Chionanthus greenii Lombardi - Brazil
Chionanthus guangxiensis – Southeastern China (Guangxi).
Chionanthus guianensis (Aubl.) Pers - Venezuela + French Guiana
Chionanthus hahlii (Rech.) Kiew - Bismarck, Solomons, Samoa
Chionanthus hainanensis – Southern China (Hainan)
Chionanthus havilandii – Borneo
Chionanthus henryae H.L.Li - USA (Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Arkansas)
Chionanthus henryanus – Southwestern China, Burma
Chionanthus holdridgei – Caribbean
Chionanthus implicatus (Rusby) P.S.Green - South America
Chionanthus intermedius – India
Chionanthus insularis Labat - Comoros
Chionanthus jamaicensis (Urb.) Stearn - Jamaica
Chionanthus kinabaluensis – Borneo
Chionanthus kajewskii (Sleumer) Kiew - Solomon Islands
Chionanthus lancifolius (Ridl.) Kiew - Peninsular Malaysia
Chionanthus leopoldii – Borneo
Chionanthus ligustrinus – Caribbean
Chionanthus littoreus Miq - Sumatra
Chionanthus longiflorus – Southwestern China (Yunnan)
Chionanthus longipetalus (Merr.) Kiew - Sabah, Sarawak
Chionanthus lucens – Sabah
Chionanthus luzonicus Blume - Philippines
Chionanthus macrobotrys (Merr.) Kiew - Sabah, Sarawak
Chionanthus macrocarpus – Indonesia, Malaysia
Chionanthus macrothyrsus (Merr.) Soejarto & P.K.Lôc - Vietnam
Chionanthus mala-elengi (Dennst.) P.S.Green - India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Burma, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Andaman Islands
Chionanthus mannii (Soler.) Stearn - western + central Africa
Chionanthus maxwellii P.S.Green - Thailand
Chionanthus micranthus (Mart.) Lozano & Fuertes - Brazil
Chionanthus microbotrys (Kerr) P.S.Green - Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
Chionanthus microstigma (Gagnep.) P.S.Green - Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
Chionanthus mildbraedii (Gilg & G.Schellenb.) Stearn - central Africa
Chionanthus minutiflorus Kurz - Burma
Chionanthus montanus Blume - Java, Sulawesi, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Chionanthus niloticus (Oliv.) Stearn - tropical Africa
Chionanthus nitens Koord. & Valeton - Java, Sulawesi
Chionanthus nitidus (Merr.) Kiew - Philippines
Chionanthus oblanceolatus (B.L.Rob.) P.S.Green - Mexico + Central America
Chionanthus oblongifolius Koord. & Valeton - Java
Chionanthus obtusifolius (Lam.) Stearn - Madagascar
Chionanthus oliganthus (Merr.) Kiew - Sabah, Sarawak
Chionanthus pachyphyllus – Borneo
Chionanthus palustris – Borneo
Chionanthus panamensis (Standl.) Stearn - Mexico, Central America
Chionanthus parkinsonii (Hutch.) Bennet & Raizada - Thailand, Vietnam, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Chionanthus pedunculatus P.S.Green - New Caledonia
Chionanthus peglerae (C.H.Wright) Stearn - South Africa (Natal + Cape Province)
Chionanthus picrophloia – Australia (Queensland)
Chionanthus plurifloroides – Borneo
Chionanthus pluriflorus – Borneo
Chionanthus polycephalus – Borneo
Chionanthus polygamus – Indonesia, Malaysia, New Guinea
Chionanthus porcatus – Borneo
Chionanthus proctorii Stearn - Jamaica
Chionanthus pubescens – Ecuador, Peru
Chionanthus pubicalyx – Borneo
Chionanthus purpureus Lam. - Sri Lanka
Chionanthus pygmaeus (Pygmy fringetree) – Southeastern United States (Florida)
Chionanthus quadristamineus – Australia (Lord Howe Island endemic)
Chionanthus ramiflorus – Australia (Queensland), southern China, India, Nepal, Vietnam
Chionanthus remotinervius (Merr.) Kiew - Philippines
Chionanthus retusus (Chinese fringetree) – China, Japan, Korea
Chionanthus richardsiae Stearn - Zambia
Chionanthus riparius (Lingelsh.) Kiew - New Guinea
Chionanthus rostratus (Teijsm. & Binn.) Miq. - Java
Chionanthus rugosus – Borneo
Chionanthus rupicola (Lingelsh.) Kiew - Indonesia, New Guinea
Chionanthus sabahensis – Sabah
Chionanthus salicifolius (Lingelsh.) Kiew - New Guinea
Chionanthus sessiliflorus (Hemsl.) Kiew - New Guinea + Solomon Islands
Chionanthus sleumeri – Australia (Queensland)
Chionanthus spicatus – Borneo
Chionanthus spiciferus (Ridl.) Kiew - Peninsular Malaysia
Chionanthus stenurus (Merr.) Kiew - Sulawesi
Chionanthus subsessilis (Eichler) P.S.Green - Brazil
Chionanthus sumatranus Blume - Sumatra + Andaman Islands
Chionanthus sutepensis (Kerr) P.S.Green - Thailand
Chionanthus tenuis P.S.Green - Brazil
Chionanthus thorelii (Gagnep.) P.S.Green - Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
Chionanthus timorensis Blume - Timor
Chionanthus trichotomus (Vell.) P.S.Green - Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay
Chionanthus tropophyllus (H.Perrier) Stearn - Madagascar
Chionanthus urbanii (Knobl.) Stearn - Hispaniola
Chionanthus velutinus (Kerr) P.S.Green - Thailand
Chionanthus verruculatus D.Fang - China (Guangxi)
Chionanthus verticillatus (Gagnep.) Soejarto & P.K.Lôc - Vietnam
Chionanthus virginicus (White fringetree) – Eastern United States (Texas to Florida to Massachusetts to Missouri)
Chionanthus vitiensis (Seem.) A.C.Sm. - Niue, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga
Chionanthus wurdackii B.Ståhl - Peru
Chionanthus zeylanicus L. - Sri Lanka, southern India
Chionanthus zollingerianus Koord. & Valeton - Java
References
Cited works
External links
University of Pretoria: Chionanthus foveolatus
Oleaceae genera
Ornamental trees