PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
Montgomery Atwater

Montgomery Atwater
Montgomery Meigs "Monty" Atwater (1904–1976) was an American avalanche researcher, forester, skier, and author. He is considered the founder of the field of avalanche research and forecasting in North America.
Early life
In 1904, Atwater was born in Baker City, Oregon.
Education
In 1926, Atwater earned an English Literature degree from Harvard College.
Career
Atwater worked a number of jobs including football coach, cattle rancher, and trapper. He lived in Montana in the 1930s and wrote short stories and mysteries, some under the pseudonym of Max Montgomery.
During World War II, Atwater served in the 10th Mountain Division as a winter warfare instructor. Atwater reached the rank of captain while in active combat duty and being wounded. Atwater was discharged due to his injury.
In autumn 1945, Atwater became a forest ranger for the Wasatch National Forest where he managed public safety in Little Cottonwood Canyon in Alta, Utah. Over the next two decades he established the first avalanche research center in the Western Hemisphere at Alta, inventing many of the techniques and much of the equipment needed for avalanche forecasting and control.
In 1960, Atwater served as the Avalanche Control Chief during the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley, California. Atwater successfully preventing any major avalanches during the Games despite a history of huge chairlift-destroying avalanches there.
In 1960s, with Frank Parsoneault, Atwater developed the Mark 10 Avalaunchers, a pneumatic cannon for launching avalanche control explosives.
In 1964, Atwater retired from the Forest Service. In 1966, he repeated his masterful job of avalanche control at the alpine skiing World Championships in Portillo, Chile, where the ski area had been almost completely destroyed by massive avalanches only a year earlier but successfully held the Championships unscathed. He also served as a consultant to ski areas, mining companies, and telecommunication companies throughout the mountainous regions of North and South America.
Atwater ran a small research lab in Squaw Valley.
Personal life
In 1945, Atwater moved to Alta, Utah.
Atwater had three sons, James E. Atwater, Robert and Montgomery.
In 1976, Atwater died of a heart attack.
Awards
1973 Father of snow avalanche work in the United States. Named by National Ski Patrol, U.S. Forest Service and the National Park Service.
1979 U.S. Ski and Snowboard Hall of Fame.
Bibliography
General books
Young Adult/Juvenile Fiction
References
External links
Guide to the Montgomery Atwater papers at the University of Oregon.
Montgomery Meigs Atwater papers, 1955-1966 at orbiscade.org
1904 births
1976 deaths
American children's writers
Avalanche researchers
Harvard College alumni
United States Army personnel of World War II
People from Baker City, Oregon
ترقيع الجلد

ترقيع الجلد هو عمل جراحي يُستخدم في كثير من الأحيان لعلاج فقدان الجلد بسبب جرح أو حرق أو التهاب أو جراحة.
وفي حالة تلف الجلد، تتم إزالته ويتم ترقيع مكانه بجلد جديد. ويمكن أن يقلل ترقيع الجلد من مسار العلاج والاستشفاء اللازم ويمكن أن يحسن أيضًا الوظيفة والمظهر.
الطعم الذاتي
تشمل عملية ترقيع الجلد نقل جلد سليم من أحد اجزاء جسم المريض، لتغطية الجزء التالف أو المصاب. وتسمى هذه العملية الترقيع الذاتي أو الطعم الذاتي. ويسمى ذلك الجزء من الجسم الذي يؤخذ منه الجلد للترقيع، الموقع المانح. ويتم اغلاق الموقع المانح بعملية خياطة جراحية.
الطعم الإسوي
قد لا يكون عند بعض المرضى، جلد معافى وسليم حتى يغطي عملية الترقيع، وفي هذه الحالة يتم البحث عن متبرع لكي يقوم بتوفير عملية الترقيع من جسمه، ويفضل ان يكون المتبرع نوع جلده ولونه مقاربا لنوع ولون نفس الشخص المريض. وتسمى مثل عمليات الترقيع هذه التطعيم المتجانس أو التطعيم المباين (الطعم الإسوي).
توجد طرق ترقيع مؤقتة أخرى تسمى التطعيم غير المتجانس أو التطعيم المغاير تستخدم جلد تم تحضيره بصفة خاصة من الحيوانات. يقوم الجراحون بإبدال الترقيع المؤقت للجلد، بأنسجة جلد ذاتية بعد أن يكون جسم المريض قد أنتج جلدا جديدا في الموقع المانح الأول. وقد قام الباحثون أيضا، بتطوير الجلود الاصطناعية التي من المرجح أن لا يرفضها الجسم، ويمكن أن تعمل بوصفها ترقيعا مؤقتاً.
وفي منتصف ثمانينيات القرن العشرين، بدأ الجرّاحون باستخدام شرائح كبيرة من جلد أنابيب الاختبار، التي تُزرع في المختبرات ليُستفاد منها في عملية الترقيع المؤقت بالنسبة لضحايا الحروق الشاملة.
تتم زراعات الجلد من رِقاع بالغة الصغر للجلد السليم، وتؤخذ من جسم المريض.
المراجع
وصلات اضافية
Skin graft. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Parts of this US Federal Government public domain text were used in the article.
An introduction to the use of vacuum assisted closure.
ترقيع الجلد http://forum.arabia4serv.com/t66399.html#ixzz2j5qdvi9S
http://forum.arabia4serv.com
جراحة ترقيعية
زرع الأنسجة
Charles Loos

Charles Loos (born 29 July 1951 in Brussels) is a Belgian jazz pianist and composer. In 1972 he began studying composition and jazz orchestra at Berklee College of Music in Boston, while he already followed a classical formation in Belgium. Back in his country, he co-founded Les Lundis d'Hortense, a Belgian association for jazz musicians. From 1993 to 1997, he was the president of Les Lundis d'Hortense. He won the Belgian Golden Django in 1997 for best French-speaking artist.
Loos has released over 20 albums as a leader or co-leader.
References
Jazz in Belgium biography
Belgian jazz composers
Belgian male musicians
Male jazz composers
1951 births
Living people
Belgian jazz pianists
21st-century pianists
21st-century male musicians
Jerry Reese (defensive lineman)

Jerry Reese (defensive lineman)
Jerry Reese (born July 11, 1964) is a former American professional football player who was a defensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL) and the World League of American Football (WLAF). He played for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the NFL, and the Barcelona Dragons of the WLAF. He was drafted by the Steelers in the fifth round of the 1988 NFL Draft. Reese played collegiately at the University of Kentucky.
References
1964 births
Living people
American football defensive ends
American football defensive tackles
Barcelona Dragons (NFL Europe) players
Kentucky Wildcats football players
Sportspeople from Hopkinsville, Kentucky
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Players of American football from Kentucky
George Williams (musician)

George Williams (musician)
George Dale "The Fox" Williams (November 5, 1917 – April 17, 1988) was a musician, composer, and an arranger for a number of major big bands, including Jimmie Lunceford, Glenn Miller, Gene Krupa, Sonny Dunham, and Ray Anthony.
Career
He wrote hit songs, including "Whamboogie" and "It Must Be Jelly ('Cause Jam Don't Shake like That)" for Glenn Miller, "Hamp's Boogie" for Lionel Hampton, "Gene's Boogie" for Krupa, as well as Anthony's hit songs "Lackawanna Local", "The Fox", and "The Bunny Hop" and most of Anthony's recorded arrangements. He wrote arrangements for Harry James, Vaughan Monroe, Charlie Ventura, and his recording band, for which he produced two LPs and an EP in the late 1950s as a leader. In addition, he arranged and conducted the music for Barbra Streisand's first commercial single, "Happy Days Are Here Again". Williams was a ghostwriter for the arrangements on Jackie Gleason's television show and arranged Gleason's albums in the 1950s and 1960s.
Discography
The Fox in HiFi (Brunswick, 1955)
Such Beautiful Music (RCA Victor, 1956)
Swing Classics in Stereo (United Artists, 1959)
Put On Your Dancing Shoes (United Artists, 1960)
As Arranger or conductor
With Louis Bellson
Big Band Jazz from the Summit (Roulette, 1962)
With Roy Eldridge
Rockin' Chair (Clef, 1951)
References
Sources
Flower, John (1972). Moonlight Serenade: a bio-discography of the Glenn Miller Civilian Band. New Rochelle, NY: Arlington House. .
Miller, Glenn (1943). Glenn Miller's Method for Orchestral Arranging. New York: Mutual Music Society. ASIN: B0007DMEDQ
Simon, George Thomas (1971). Simon Says. New York: Galahad. .
Simon, George Thomas (1980). Glenn Miller and His Orchestra. New York: Da Capo paperback. .
1917 births
1988 deaths
20th-century American composers
American music arrangers
Jazz arrangers
كريستوفر ألين (لاعب كريكت)

كريستوفر ألين (لاعب كريكت)
كريستوفر ألين (7 مايو 1944 في المملكة المتحدة - 18 أكتوبر 2012) هو لاعب كريكت بريطاني. لعب مع .
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
رياضيون من ساوثهامبتون
لاعبو كريكت إنجليز
مواليد 1944
وفيات 2012
وفيات السرطان في إنجلترا
وفيات بسبب سرطان القولون
لاعبو كريكت من دورست
لاعبو كريكت من ساوثهامبتون
بحيرة فيرجينيا (كاليفورنيا)

بحيرة فيرجينيا (كاليفورنيا)
بحيرة فيرجينيا بحيرة فرجينيا هي بحيرة في سييرا نيفادا (جون موير البرية) في مقاطعة فريسنو، كاليفورنيا.
المصادر
بحيرات شمال كاليفورنيا
بحيرات كاليفورنيا
بحيرات مقاطعة فريسنو (كاليفورنيا)
هليلج مينيزي

هليلج مينيزي (الاسم العلمي:Terminalia menezesii) هو نوع نباتي يتبع جنس الهليلج من الفصيلة القمبريطية.
انظر أيضًا
هليلج
مراجع
نباتات وصفها أرثر أكسيل
مينيزي
كليمنت ديفيز

كليمنت ديفيز هو محامي وسياسي بريطاني (وحمل سابقاً جنسية المملكة المتحدة لبريطانيا العظمى وأيرلندا)، ولد في 19 فبراير 1884 في المملكة المتحدة، وتوفي في 23 مارس 1962 في لندن في المملكة المتحدة. حزبياً، نشط في الحزب الليبرالي.
مناصب
في ، انتخب عضو برلمان المملكة المتحدة الـ35 عن دائرة مونتغوميريشير (30 مايو 1929 – 7 أكتوبر 1931).
في ، انتخب عضو برلمان المملكة المتحدة الـ36 عن دائرة مونتغوميريشير (27 أكتوبر 1931 – 25 أكتوبر 1935).
في ، انتخب عضو برلمان المملكة المتحدة الـ37 عن دائرة مونتغوميريشير (14 نوفمبر 1935 – 15 يونيو 1945).
في ، انتخب عضو برلمان المملكة المتحدة الـ38 عن دائرة مونتغوميريشير (5 يوليو 1945 – 3 فبراير 1950).
في ، انتخب عضو برلمان المملكة المتحدة الـ39 عن دائرة مونتغوميريشير (23 فبراير 1950 – 5 أكتوبر 1951).
في ، انتخب عضو برلمان المملكة المتحدة الـ40 عن دائرة مونتغوميريشير (25 أكتوبر 1951 – 6 مايو 1955).
في ، انتخب عن دائرة مونتغوميريشير (26 مايو 1955 – 18 سبتمبر 1959).
في ، انتخب عن دائرة مونتغوميريشير (8 أكتوبر 1959 – 23 مارس 1962).
انتخب عضو مجلس الشورى البريطاني.
انتخب (2 أغسطس 1945 – 5 نوفمبر 1956).
روابط خارجية
مراجع
أعضاء برلمان المملكة المتحدة 1929–31
أعضاء برلمان المملكة المتحدة 1931–35
أعضاء برلمان المملكة المتحدة 1935–45
أعضاء برلمان المملكة المتحدة 1945–50
أعضاء برلمان المملكة المتحدة 1950–51
أعضاء برلمان المملكة المتحدة 1951–55
أعضاء برلمان المملكة المتحدة 1955–59
أعضاء برلمان المملكة المتحدة 1959–64
أعضاء مجلس الشورى البريطاني
مواليد 1884
وفيات 1962
خريجو قاعة الثالوث
Kyösti Hämäläinen

Kyösti Hämäläinen (born 16 September 1945 in Helsinki) is a Finnish rally driver. He contested 19 World Rally Championship events, winning the 1977 1000 Lakes Rally overall. Hämäläinen also won 13 Finnish Rally Championship titles between 1973 and 1986.
Career
Hämäläinen began his career in 1965 by taking part in ice racing events with rental cars. In 1969, he moved to rallying and in 1973 took his Finnish Rally Championship championship in group 1, driving an Alfa Romeo 2000 GTV. He followed it up with four consecutive Group 1 titles between 1975 and 1978, using a Sunbeam Avenger(1975) and Ford Escort(1976,1977,1978). In 1978 Hämäläinen moved to Group 2 and won eight consecutive Finnish Championships with a Ford Escort, from 1979 to 1986.
Hämäläinen's career in the World Rally Championship consisted mainly of his entries into 1000 Lakes Rally, which was also part of the Finnish Rally Championship. His first WRC start was the 1973 1000 Lakes Rally, in which he retired. 1977 was the most successful year of Hämäläinen's WRC career, including an unexpected victory in the 1000 Lakes Rally, a 5th-place finish in International Swedish Rally and a 6th place in Lombard RAC Rally.
Complete WRC results
External links
Rallybase Data page
Juwra Data page
Living people
Finnish rally drivers
World Rally Championship drivers
1945 births
Sportspeople from Helsinki
20th-century Finnish people
Haizer

Haizer is a town and commune in Bouïra Province, Algeria. According to the 1998 census it has a population of 15,388.
References
Communes of Bouïra Province
وليد فياض

وليد فياض سياسي لبناني، يشغل منصب وزير الطاقة والمياه في حكومة نجيب ميقاتي منذ 10 سبتمبر 2021.
مراجع
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
مهندسون لبنانيون
وزراء طاقة لبنانيون
قائمة الأفلام المصرية سنة 1936

قائمة الأفلام المصرية سنة 1936
هذه قائمة بالأفلام المصرية لسنة 1936 مرتبة أبجديا
المراجع
مصر في 1936
أفلام إنتاج 1936
أفلام مصرية إنتاج 1936
قوائم أفلام حسب البلد أو اللغة 1936
3
قوائم أفلام مصرية حسب السنة
موريس فينلي

موريس فينلي مواليد 2 أغسطس 1981 في أوبيليكا، هو لاعب كرة سلة أمريكي بدأ مسيرته الاحترافية في سنة 2004. يبلغ طوله . لعب مع عدة فرق في إسبانيا وألمانيا وإيطاليا.
فرق لعب لها
أولمبيا ميلانو
فنربخشة لكرة السلة
سان سباستيان غيبوثكوا بي سي
روابط خارجية
مراجع
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من أوبيليكا
أفارقة أمريكيون في القرن 20
أفارقة أمريكيون في القرن 21
رجال أمريكيون أفارقة في القرن 20
رجال أمريكيون أفارقة في القرن 21
رياضيون أمريكيون أفارقة في القرن 21
صناديق تصفح الدوري الأوروبي لكرة السلة
لاعبو أولمبيا ميلانو
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني لكرة السلة
لاعبو إيلان بيرن باو لاك أورثيز
لاعبو جيبوزكوا باسكيط
لاعبو فنربخشة لكرة السلة
لاعبو كرة سلة أمريكيون
لاعبو كرة سلة أمريكيون أفارقة
لاعبو كرة سلة مغتربون أمريكيون في الجبل الأسود
لاعبو كرة سلة مغتربون أمريكيون في اليونان
لاعبو كرة سلة مغتربون أمريكيون في إسبانيا
لاعبو كرة سلة مغتربون أمريكيون في إيطاليا
لاعبو كرة سلة مغتربون أمريكيون في تركيا
لاعبو كرة سلة مغتربون أمريكيون في فرنسا
لاعبو كرة سلة من ألاباما
لاعبو لييج باسكت
لاعبو منز سانا 1871 باسكت
لاعبو مورنار بار
لاعبو نادي مورنار بار لكرة السلة
لاعبو هجوم خلفي (كرة السلة)
مواليد 1981
مواليد في أوبيليكا
Gonzalo Giménez

Gonzalo Giménez
Gonzalo Emiliano Giménez (born 4 September 1995) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Almagro.
Career
Giménez made his debut for Arsenal de Sarandí after coming from the youth ranks in an Argentine Primera División match against Crucero del Norte on 1 June 2015. Five more appearances followed in all competitions for Giménez in 2016 and 2016–17 respectively between February and October 2016. In September 2017, Giménez joined Estudiantes of Primera B Metropolitana. He made his debut on 24 September in a 1–1 draw versus Colegiales. Fellow Primera B Metropolitana team Flandria signed Giménez in June 2018. In his first start, he scored his first senior goal in a win over Comunicaciones on 29 August.
In August 2020, Giménez moved up to Primera B Nacional with Almagro.
Career statistics
.
References
External links
1995 births
Living people
Footballers from Lanús
Argentine men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Argentine Primera División players
Primera B Metropolitana players
Arsenal de Sarandí footballers
Estudiantes de Buenos Aires footballers
CSD Flandria footballers
Club Almagro players
ليزا تومسن

ليزا تومسن (20 أغسطس 1985 في ألمانيا - ) هي لاعبة كرة طائرة ألمانية في مركز . لعبت مع .
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
رياضيون من آخن
لاعبات كرة طائرة نسائية ألمانيات
لاعبو كرة طائرة في الألعاب الأوروبية 2015
منافسون في الألعاب الأوروبية من ألمانيا
مواليد 1985
لاعبو كرة طائرة مثليون
Vincent Reed

Vincent Reed (born 21 March 1940) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Cambridgeshire. He was born in Yelling.
Reed, who played club cricket with Papworth, and who represented Huntingdonshire between 1966 and 1980, and for Cambridgeshire in the Minor Counties Championship between 1973 and 1975, made a single List A appearance for Cambridgeshire in the 1975 Gillette Cup. He scored 8 runs and took figures of 0-26 from 12 overs of bowling.
Between 2001 and 2007, Reed played in the Over-50s County Championship for Huntingdonshire.
Reed's brother Roland, and cousins Ian, Lyndon, Trevor, Phil and Granny, played cricket for Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire.
External links
Vincent Reed at Cricket Archive
1940 births
Living people
English cricketers
Cambridgeshire cricketers
People from Yelling
Bladimir Díaz

Bladimir Díaz
Bladimir Yovany Díaz Saavedra (born 10 July 1992) is a Colombian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Sektzia Ness Ziona in Israeli Premier League.
Club career
Chalatenango
After 34 goals for Chalatenango in the Segunda División de El Salvador, he scored 28 in 40 appearances in his first full season in the Salvadoran Primera División.
Díaz finished as the top scorer of the Clausura 2016 tournament, scoring 15 goals.
Alianza
Díaz signed with Alianza for the Apertura 2018 tournament. In November 2018, Díaz scored two goals in a 4–1 victory against Pasaquina at the Estadio Cuscatlán.
In December 2018, Alianza reached the Apertura 2018 final, its fifth consecutive final since the Apertura 2016. Díaz scored 7 goals during the Apertura 2018.
Alashkert
In June 2022, Díaz signed for Armenian Premier League club Alashkert alongside fellow Colombian Fabio Burbano. On 24 December 2022, Alashkert announced the departure of Díaz.
Al-Diriyah
On 27 December 2022, Díaz joined Saudi Arabian club Al-Diriyah; however, he was released from his contract three weeks later.
References
External links
1986 births
Living people
Colombian men's footballers
Real Santander footballers
Alianza Petrolera F.C. players
A.D. Chalatenango footballers
Alianza F.C. footballers
Bladimir Diaz
Comunicaciones F.C. players
Cobán Imperial players
C.D. FAS footballers
FC Alashkert players
Al-Diriyah Club players
Sektzia Ness Ziona F.C. players
Bladimir Diaz
Armenian Premier League players
Saudi Second Division players
Israeli Premier League players
Colombian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in El Salvador
Expatriate men's footballers in Thailand
Expatriate men's footballers in Armenia
Expatriate men's footballers in Saudi Arabia
Expatriate men's footballers in Israel
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in El Salvador
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Thailand
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Armenia
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Israel
Men's association football forwards
People from Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca
Footballers from Valle del Cauca Department
21st-century Colombian people
Chris Carr (motorcyclist)

Chris Carr (motorcyclist)
Chris Carr (born May 6, 1967 in Stockton, California) is an American motorcycle dirt-track racer and seven-time winner of the A.M.A. Grand National Championship. He has also competed as a motorcycle road racer at the national level and was a motorcycle land speed world record holder.
Racing career
Carr began his racing career as an amateur racer in 1983. He turned professional in 1985, finishing seventh in the Grand National Championship earning him the A.M.A. Rookie of the Year Award. Carr won his first Grand National in August 1986 at the Peoria TT and finished the season ranked fourth in the championship. He slowly climbed the points standing each year. In 1989, he became a member of the Harley-Davidson factory racing team. After finishing second to his Harley-Davidson teammate, Scott Parker in 1990 and 1991, he finally claimed the Grand National Championship in 1992. He ran the Grand National Series full-time until 1995 where he finished third while winning rookie of the year in the AMA Superbike road racing series. Carr left the dirt tracks to go road racing for two years (1996 and 1997).
Carr won the 1992, 1999, and 2001-2005 AMA Grand National Dirt Track (Flat Track) championships, the 2000 Formula USA Dirt Track Championship and the AMA 600cc Dirt Track championship seven times (1988–1993, and 1995).
Carr was in contention for the 2006 Grand National Championship at the final race at Scioto Downs in Columbus, Ohio before dropping out with mechanical problems. He ended the season tied for fourth in points behind chief rival Kenny Coolbeth.
Carr was inducted into the A.M.A. Motorcycle Hall of Fame in 2004.
Land speed record
On September 5, 2006, Carr broke the motorcycle land speed world record at the Bonneville Salt Flats (Utah), with a two-pass 350.8 mph (562.6 km/h) average. He was the first motorcyclist to break the 350 mph barrier. Carr's fastest run was at 354 mph (567.8 km/h).
On September 28, 2008, Rocky Robinson broke Carr's record driving the Top 1 Oil Ack Attack streamliner. Carr regained the title on 24 September 2009 with a speed of 367.382 mph.(Pending FIM ratification). This was later topped by Rocky Robinson and the Top 1 Ack Attack team on Sept. 25, 2010. Robinson set a new record of 376.363 mph (kilo average)(Pending FIM ratification) and had an exit speed of 394 mph.
Educational activities
Carr is part owner of American Supercamp, a nationally renowned dirt track school taught on 80cc-230cc bikes.
Awards
He will be inducted into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America on March 17, 2020.
Personal life
Away from the track, Carr is an active golfer and reader.
References
External links
Chris Carr at the AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame
AMA's official release on the land speed record
BUB Seven Streamliner and Chris Carr's record
2006 Bonneville Streamliner Battle
American motorcycle racers
1967 births
Living people
Motorcycle land speed record people
Sportspeople from Stockton, California
AMA Grand National Championship riders
World record setters in motorcycling
معتمدية بنزرت الشمالية

معتمدية بنزرت الشمالية إحدى معتمديات الجمهورية التونسية، تابعة لولاية بنزرت.
مراجع
انظر أيضًا
مواضيع ذات علاقة
ولاية بنزرت.
معتمديات تونس
معتمديات ولاية بنزرت
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Polygonoideae

Polygonoideae is a subfamily of plants in the family Polygonaceae. It includes a number of plants that can be highly invasive, such as Japanese knotweed, Reynoutria japonica, and its hybrid with R. sachalinensis, R. × bohemica. Boundaries between the genera placed in the subfamily and their relationships have long been problematic, but a series of molecular phylogenetic studies have clarified some of them, resulting in the division of the subfamily into seven tribes.
Taxonomy
Phylogeny
A 2015 molecular phylogenetic study suggested that the genera and tribes in Polygonoideae were related as shown in the following cladogram.
Rumex included Emex, and Fallopia was not monophyletic, with some species placed outside the main group in the tribe Polygoneae, and some others grouping with Pteroxygonum, placed in the tribe Pteroxygoneae.
Genera
Some of the boundaries between the genera are not settled ; in particular, Fallopia is at least paraphyletic. A 2011 classification divided the subfamily into five tribes, Calligoneae, Fagopyreae, Persicariae, Polygoneae and Rumiceae, leaving some genera unplaced. A 2015 molecular phylogenetic study added two new tribes accommodating these genera, Oxygoneae and Pteroxygoneae. Genera and their tribal placement accepted in the 2015 study are shown below.
Tribe Calligoneae C.A.Mey
Calligonum
Pteropyrum
Tribe Fagopyreae Yonek.
Fagopyrum
Tribe Oxygoneae T.M.Schust. & Reveal
Oxygonum
Tribe Persicariae Dumort.
Bistorta
Koenigia
Persicaria
Tribe Polygoneae Rchb.
Atraphaxis
Duma
Fallopia
Knorringia
Muehlenbeckia
Polygonum
Reynoutria
Tribe Pteroxygoneae T.M.Schust. & Reveal
Pteroxygonum
Tribe Rumiceae Dumort.
Oxyria
Rheum
Rumex (including Emex)
Many species in the subfamily have at one time or another been placed in different genera; for example the invasive Japanese knotweed is currently in the genus Reynoutria, but has been in Polygonum and Fallopia.
References
Caryophyllales subfamilies