PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
Amanda Billings

Amanda Billings (born December 14, 1986) is a Canadian figure skater. She had been expected to contend for the 2006 Winter Olympics, but an injury on December 21, 2005, prevented her doing so.
She trained at the Calalta club in Calgary, with coaches Scott Davis and Sharon Lariviere. She is an alumna of Bishop Carroll High School, which is designed for students needing a flexible schedule, and includes a number of other top Canadian athletes.
In 2007, Billings took on the role of Gabriella in the east coast version of Disney's High School Musical: The Ice Tour.
Competitive highlights
References
External links
Official Site
Profile of Amanda Billings by Skate Canada; URL last accessed February 18, 2006
Moore, Jacque, "Why Amanda Can't Skate", Swerve: Calgary Inside & Out (supplement to the Calgary Herald), March 17, 2006. pp. 18–25.
Disney puts a new spin on 'High School Musical', The Tennessean; URL last accessed September 17, 2007
1986 births
Living people
Figure skaters from Calgary
Canadian female single skaters
Canadian people of British descent
1930–31 Northern Football League

1930–31 Northern Football League
The 1930–31 Northern Football League season was the 38th in the history of the Northern Football League, a football competition in Northern England.
Clubs
The league featured 12 clubs which competed in the last season, along with one new club:
Trimdon Grange Colliery
League table
References
1930-31
4
Al-Bukiryah Club Stadium

Al-Bukiryah Club Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Al Bukayriyah, Saudi Arabia. It is currently used mostly for football matches, on club level by Al-Bukiryah FC.
Construction
Construction began in 1986 with a proposed cost of 99,500,000 SAR. The stadium finally opened its doors in 1988.
Previous name(s)
This stadium was previously known as Al-Amal Club Stadium and was changed following the change of the club name to Al-Bukiryah FC.
References
Football venues in Saudi Arabia
جولي تشو

جولي تشو هي لاعبة هوكي الجليد أمريكية، ولدت في 13 مارس 1982 في بريدجبورت في الولايات المتحدة.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أعلام أمريكيون مثليون من أصل آسيوي
أعلام هوكي جليد من كونيتيكت
أعلام هوكي جليد من ولاية نيويورك
أمريكيون من أصل بورتوريكي
أمريكيون من أصل صيني
حائزون على ميداليات في الألعاب الأولمبية الشتوية 2002
حائزون على ميداليات في الألعاب الأولمبية الشتوية 2010
حائزون على ميداليات في الألعاب الأولمبية الشتوية 2014
خريجو جامعة هارفارد
خريجو قاعة تشوات روزماري
خريجو كلية هارفارد
رياضيات سحاقيات
رياضيون أمريكيون من أصل صيني
رياضيون فازوا بميداليات في الأولمبياد الشتوية في 2006
رياضيون مثليون من الولايات المتحدة
رياضيون من أصل صيني
رياضيون من فيرفيلد (كونيتيكت)
شخصيات إل جي بي تي من كونيتيكت
فائزون بميداليات برونزية أولمبية من الولايات المتحدة في هوكي الجليد
فائزون بميداليات فضية أولمبية من الولايات المتحدة في هوكي جليد
لاعبو هوكي الجليد مثليون
لاعبو هوكي جليد أمريكيون مغتربون في كندا
لاعبو هوكي جليد في الألعاب الأولمبية الشتوية 2002
لاعبو هوكي جليد في الألعاب الأولمبية الشتوية 2006
لاعبو هوكي جليد في الألعاب الأولمبية الشتوية 2010
لاعبو هوكي جليد في الألعاب الأولمبية الشتوية 2014
مواليد 1982
لاعبو هوكي جليد من كونيتيكت
لاعبو هوكي جليد من ولاية نيويورك
Samuel A. Schreiner Jr.

Samuel A. Schreiner Jr.
Samuel Agnew Schreiner Jr. (June 6, 1921 – January 14, 2018) was an American writer.
Born in Mt. Lebanon, a suburb of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Schreiner graduated from Princeton University in 1942. During World War II he served in the U.S. Army Office of Strategic Services as a cryptographer from 1942 to 1945. He served in the China-Burma-India theater and became a first lieutenant, receiving both a Bronze Star and Presidential Unit Citation.
Schreiner began his career as a reporter for the McKeesport Daily News and the Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph from 1946 to 1951. At Parade in New York he was a writer and assistant managing editor from 1951 to 1955. He then moved to Reader's Digest where he served as an editor from 1955 to 1974. In 1974 he devoted himself full-time to writing.
Personal life and death
Schreiner and his wife, Doris Ann (née Moon 1921-2012), married in 1945. They had two daughters.
Schreiner died at his home in Darien, Connecticut on January 14, 2018. He was 96.
Books
Thine Is the Glory, novel (New York: Arbor House, 1975).
Set in Pittsburgh, the work is a multi-generational saga set against the rise of an industrial city from the mid-19th century until World War II. The protagonist is Scott Shallenberger Stewart, who begins as a country boy and ends as a moneyed power player like Andrew Carnegie, Henry Clay Frick, Andrew W. Mellon, George Westinghouse, and others.
Pleasant Places, novel (New York: Arbor House, 1976).
The Condensed World of the Reader's Digest, nonfiction (Chicago: Stein Publishing, 1977).
Angelica, novel (New York: Arbor House, 1977).
The Possessors and the Possessed, novel (New York: Arbor House, 1980).
The Van Alens: First Family of a Nation's First City, novel (New York: Arbor House, 1981).
A Place Called Princeton, nonfiction (New York: Arbor House, 1984).
The Trials of Mrs. Lincoln, nonfiction (New York: Donald I. Fine, 1987).
Cycles: Recurring Forces That Can Predict Changes in Your Health, Moods, Relationships, Financial Investments, the Wealth , nonfiction (New York: Donald I. Fine, 1990).
May Day! May Day!, nonfiction (New York: Donald I. Fine, 1990).
Code of Conduct, (With Everett Alvarez), nonfiction (New York: Donald I. Fine, 1990).
Henry Clay Frick, biography (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1995).
The Passionate Beechers: A Family Saga of Sanctity and Scandal that Changed America, biography (New York: John Wiley, 2004).
The Concord Quartet: Alcott, Emerson, Hawthorne, Thoreau and the Friendship That Freed the American Mind, biography (New York: John Wiley, 2006).
References
Bibliography
Contemporary Authors Online. The Gale Group, 2004. PEN (Permanent Entry Number): 0000088332.
1921 births
2018 deaths
Princeton University alumni
Writers from Pittsburgh
People from Mt. Lebanon, Pennsylvania
American cryptographers
American male novelists
20th-century American novelists
20th-century American male writers
Novelists from Pennsylvania
20th-century American non-fiction writers
American male non-fiction writers
United States Army personnel of World War II
الخفاجي (توضيح)

الخفاجي (توضيح)
الخفاجي قد تشير إلى:
إبراهيم خفاجي (و 1926 – 2017 هـ ) شاعر غنائي سعودي معاصر
أوس الخفاجي (و. 1974 م) سياسي عراقي وقيادي في قوات أبو الفضل العباس
أبو سنان الخفاجي (و. 1032 – 1073 م) شاعر شامي في القرن الحادي عشر
محسن خضر الخفاجي(و 1945 – 2017 هـ ) سياسي عراقي وعضو القيادة الإقليمية لحزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي
ألقاب النسب
ألقاب عربية
فضل إلهي شودري

فضل إلهي شودري (و. 1904 – 1982 م) هو سياسي من باكستان.
تولى منصب رئيس باكستان (1973-08-14–1978-09-16). وهو عضو في العصبة الإسلامية، وحزب الشعب الباكستاني.
التعليم
تعلم في جامعة عليكرة الإسلامية.
روابط خارجية
مراجع
أعضاء المجلس الوطني الباكستاني 1962–1965
أعضاء المجلس الوطني الباكستاني 1972–1977
بنجابيون
خريجو جامعة البنجاب
خريجو جامعة عليكرة الإسلامية
رؤساء المجلس الوطني الباكستاني
رؤساء باكستان
سياسيو حزب الشعب الباكستاني
مسلمون باكستانيون
مواليد 1321 هـ
مواليد 1904
ناشطو حركة باكستان
وفيات 1402 هـ
وفيات 1982
وفيات في لاهور
حائزو أراضي باكستانيون
Hajjiabad-e Razveh

Hajjiabad-e Razveh (also Romanized as Ḩājjīābād-e Raẕveh) is a village in Qohab-e Sarsar Rural District, Amirabad District, Damghan County, Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 25, in 7 families.
The Ismaili castle of Gerdkuh is located nearby.
References
Populated places in Damghan County
ويلي ويمر

ويلي ويمر هو سياسي ألماني، ولد في 18 مايو 1943 في مونشنغلادباخ في ألمانيا. نشط حزبياً في الاتحاد الديمقراطي المسيحي. وقد انتخب (1988 – 1992) وانتخب عضو في البوندستاغ الألماني خلال (14 ديسمبر 1976 – 4 نوفمبر 1980).
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أشخاص من مونشنغلادباخ
سياسيو الاتحاد الديمقراطي المسيحي
سياسيون ألمان في القرن 21
مواليد 1943
Echinophora

Echinophora is a genus of plants belonging to the parsley family, Apiaceae. The thistle-like spininess of the plants is reflected in the genus name, composed of the Greek prefix echino- meaning "spiny" (from ἐχῖνος echīnos "hedgehog") and the suffix -phora meaning "carrier", giving the meaning "spine-bearer".
Species
The genus comprises 11 accepted species
References
Apioideae genera
Zheshart

Zheshart (Zövśört) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Ust-Vymsky District of the Komi Republic, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 8,561.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, the urban-type settlement of Zheshart, together with one rural locality (the village of Rimya), is incorporated within Ust-Vymsky District as Zheshart Urban-Type Settlement Administrative Territory (an administrative division of the district). As a municipal division, Zheshart Urban-Type Settlement Administrative Territory is incorporated within Ust-Vymsky Municipal District as Zheshart Urban Settlement.
References
Notes
Sources
Urban-type settlements in the Komi Republic
Yarensky Uyezd
Kate Miner (actress)

Kate Miner (actress)
Kate Miner (born September 7, 1984), also known as Kate Lang Johnson, is an American actress. Notable film credits include Fifty Shades of Black, The Campaign, Fired Up, Behind the Mask: The Rise of Leslie Vernon, and A Leading Man.
Miner is a main cast member in seasons nine to eleven of the U.S. series Shameless as Phillip Gallagher’s love interest. She was a lead actor in the NBC miniseries Persons Unknown and on season three of the series Necessary Roughness. She also had leading roles in the ABC Family pilot Phys. Ed and the NBC pilot Holding Patterns. though neither show was picked up into a series.
Career
Acting
Miner is known for her roles on Showtime's Shameless (seasons 9-11), USA Network's Necessary Roughness and NBC's Persons Unknown in addition to playing Will Ferrell's mistress in the 2012 comedy film The Campaign and Marlon Wayans assistant in the 2016 comedy spoof Fifty Shades of Black.
She has guest starred or recurred on Grey's Anatomy, Disjointed, Two and a Half Men, Scandal, CSI: New York, The Deep End, Boston Public, Malcolm in the Middle, Drake & Josh, CSI: Miami, Quintuplets, Summerland, Ugly Betty, ER, Life, Hellcats, and Secret Girlfriend. Additional film credits include Fired Up, A Leading Man, Street and the indie horror flick Behind the Mask: The Rise of Leslie Vernon.
Music
In 2012, she married her college sweetheart, musician Justin Miner. Kate sings and plays keys, mandolin, and harmonica in their band, Miner.
Their band performed on season 3 of Hart of Dixie. She and her husband have composed songs featured on Elementary (TV series), House of Lies, and Hart of Dixie as well as the feature film Project Almanac.
In 2018, Kate released an EP with her new project, Winslow with bandmate Briana Lane. The duo are signed with Kobalt under AWAL Records. Their song 'Origami Tiger' was featured on the soundtrack for the film Luce starring Octavia Spencer and Naomi Watts.
Modelling
Miner has appeared in national campaigns for Gap Fit, Victoria's Secret, Skechers, Levi's, Abercrombie & Fitch, Hollister, Zinc, Fabrizio Gianni, and DKNY.
References
External links
Variety: 'Unknown' fills in blanks
Angie Veach, "Kate Lang Johnson Cast in NBC Pilot ‘Holding Patterns’", Young Adult Hollywood, March 13, 2013
Lesley Goldberg, "'Wildfire,' 'Persons Unknown' Alums to Co-Star in ABC Family Pilot 'Phys Ed' (Exclusive)", The Hollywood Reporter, October 15, 2012
1984 births
Living people
Actresses from Minneapolis
Actresses from Minnesota
American film actresses
American television actresses
University of Southern California alumni
21st-century American actresses
Guestbook

Guestbook
A guestbook (also guest book, visitor log, visitors' book, visitors' album) is a paper or electronic means for a visitor to acknowledge a visit to a site, physical or web-based, and leave details such as their name, postal or electronic address and any comments. Such paper-based ledgers or books are traditional in churches, at weddings, funerals, B&Bs, museums, schools, institutions and other private facilities open to the public. Some private homes keep visitors' books. Specialised forms of guestbooks include hotel registers, wherein guests are required to provide their contact information, and Books of Condolence, which are used at funeral homes and more generally after notable public deaths, such as the death of a monarch or president, or after a public disaster, such as an airplane crash.
On the web, a guestbook is a logging system that allows visitors of a website to leave a public comment. It is possible in some guestbooks for visitors to express their thoughts about the website or its subject. Generally, they do not require the poster to create a user account, as it is an informal method of dropping off a quick message. The purpose of a website guestbook is to display the kind of visitors the site gets, including the part of the world they reside in, and gain feedback from them. This allows the webmaster to assess and improve their site. A guestbook is generally a script, which is usually remotely hosted and written in a language such as Perl, PHP, Python or ASP. Many free guestbook hosts and scripts exist.
Names and addresses provided in guestbooks, paper-based or electronic, are frequently recorded and collated for use in providing statistics about visitors to the site, and to contact visitors to the site in the future. Because guestbooks are considered ephemeral objects, historians, literary scholars and other academic researchers have been increasingly eager to identify and help conserve them.
See also
Guestbook spam
References
Web applications
Books by type
Memorabilia
Archives
Moreau Lake State Park

Moreau Lake State Park is a state park in Saratoga County, New York, United States.
The park is located in the southwest part of the town of Moreau on US 9 off Interstate 87. It has over of hiking trails.
It is located near the Hudson River.
See also
Mount McGregor
List of New York state parks
References
External links
State parks of New York (state)
U.S. Route 9
Parks in Saratoga County, New York
جيمي إليس

جيمي إليس (24 فبراير 1940 في الولايات المتحدة - 6 مايو 2014 في الولايات المتحدة) هو ملاكم أمريكي، صنّف ضمن فئة وزن ثقيل.
إحصائيات
خاض خلال مسيرته 53 نزالا، فاز في 40 وتعادل في 1 وخسر في 12. فاز بالضربة القاضية في 24 نزالا.
روابط خارجية
مراجع
أبطال العالم في الملاكمة من الوزن الثقيل
أبطال رابطة الملاكمة العالمية
أفارقة أمريكيون في القرن 20
أفارقة أمريكيون في القرن 21
رياضيون أمريكيون أفارقة في القرن 20
رياضيون من لويفل (كنتاكي)
ملاكمو الوزن الثقيل
ملاكمون أفارقة أمريكيون
ملاكمون أمريكيون
ملاكمون من كنتاكي
ملاكمون من لويفيل (كنتاكي)
مواليد 1940
وفيات 2014
وفيات بسبب الخرف
باغجغاز عليا

باغجغاز عليا هي قرية في مقاطعة ميانة، إيران. عدد سكان هذه القرية هو 306 في سنة 2006.
مراجع
أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة ميانة
Earle D. Baker

Earle D. Baker (September 28, 1887 – July 15, 1969) was a prominent Hollywood food broker who was a member of the Los Angeles City Board of Education from 1949 to 1951 and of the Los Angeles City Council from 1951 until 1959.
Biography
Baker was born on September 28, 1887, in Iantha, Missouri, the son of William Calvin Baker of Ohio and Laura Laidlaw Baker of Canada. He was brought to California in 1901 and attended San Francisco public schools as well as the University of California in Berkeley. He was married to Edna I. Harrison of Kansas City, Kansas, on September 4, 1912. They had two children, Calvin Harrison Baker and Adele Baker Hart, and lived at 6818 Odin Street, at 2200 Fairfield Avenue, and at 2017 Holly Hill Terrace, all in the Hollywood Hills.
One of his first positions was that of secretary to the San Fernando Fruit Exchange. In 1930 he began a food brokerage business, Baker Brokerage Company, later known as Baker-Bishop-King, Inc. He retired in 1947, but after his council service ended in 1959 he worked for a savings and loan association. He was a Methodist and a Republican.
He was president of the Hollywood Lions Club, as well as district governor of the organization and a master of the Cahuenga Lodge of Masons. He was on the board of directors of the Hollywood Bowl and Hollywood YMCA and was active in the First Methodist Church of Hollywood.
Baker died July 15, 1969, at the age of 81 in Laguna Beach, California. Services were held at Laguna Hills United Methodist Church, and burial followed at Grand View Memorial Park Cemetery, Glendale.
Public service
Board of education
Baker won a seat on the Board of Education in 1949 when he was opposed by John T. Gardner, a union leader. He served for two years and then ran for the City Council.
City Council
Elections
Baker was easily elected in the primary vote for Los Angeles City Council District 2, over incumbent Lloyd G. Davies, whose ill health had forced him to miss many City Council meetings. In that era, the 2nd District represented Hollywood and a sizable portion of the San Fernando Valley, generally west of Ventura Boulevard and extending north to Encino. He was reelected in 1953 and 1955, and was defeated by Lemoine Blanchard in a runoff in 1959 after City Council terms were extended to four years.
Positions
Conservative. Baker was known as a conservative and was supported by the Los Angeles unit of the conservative political group Pro America.
Statue. He introduced a resolution urging the Board of Public Works to cancel a $10,000 contract with artist Bernard Rosenthal for a modernistic artwork of a family grouping that was cast and eventually installed in front a new Police Building opposite the City Hall. He noted "manifest strong public objection" to the piece.
References
Los Angeles City Council members
1969 deaths
1887 births
California Republicans
Burials at Grand View Memorial Park Cemetery
People from Barton County, Missouri
20th-century American politicians
علي الصعيدي العدوي

علي الصعيدي العدوي
علي بن أحمد بن مكرم الله الصعيدي العدوي المالكي (1112 - 1189 هـ - 1700 - 1775م) أبو الحسن، الملقب بالعَدَوي نسبة إلى قرية "بَني عدي" بالقرب من منفلوط؛ حيث ولد، الشهير بالصعيدي، هو شيخ شيوخ فقهاء المالكية في عصره، واحد صدور الازهر، وله أيضا بالحديث وعلومه.
حياته
ولد الصعيدي ببني عدي وقدم الى القاهرة، وحضر دروس مشايخ عصره، وتلقن الطريقة الأحمدية عن الشيخ علي بن محمد الشناوي، ودرس في الأزهر وغيره.
كتبه
حاشية على كفاية الطالب الرباني لرسالة ابن أبي زيد القيرواني - ط فقه.
حاشية على شرح العزية للزرقاني - ط.
حاشية على شرح الخرشي على خليل - ط.
حاشية على شرح شيخ الإسلام زكريا الأنصاري على ألفية المصطلح للعراقي - خ.
حاشية على شرح الجوهرة لعبد السلام.
حاشية على شرح السلم للأخضري - خ.
تقريرات على شرح السنوسية للمصنف - خ
التحريرات والنكات على شرح المحلي للورقات - طبع عن دار الرياحين 1442 هـ - 2021 م.
رسالة فيما تفعله فرقة المطاوعة من المتصوفة من البدع كالطبل والرقص - خ.
المراجع
عيسى الجساس

عيسى الجساس، (1951 - 9 فبراير 2016)، لاعب وحكم كرة قدم كويتي دولي سابق.
و قد حكم في كأس الخليج 1990، وقد أدار مباراة منتخب الإمارات لكرة القدم ومنتخب عمان لكرة القدم في 22 فبراير 1990.
يذكر بإن عيسى الجساس هو أول حكم كرة قدم كويتي يشارك في بطولة كأس العالم للناشئين عام 1986.
وفاته
توفي في 9 فبراير 2016 بعد صراع مع المرض في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، هذا وقد تم نقل جثمانه إلى الكويت.
مصادر
حكام كرة قدم كويتيون
صفحات تحتاج تصنيف سنة الولادة
لاعبو منتخب الكويت لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي الكويت
وفيات 1437 هـ
وفيات 2016
يو إف سي 147

يو إف سي 147: سيلفا ضد فرانكلين 2 هو حدث لفنون القتال المختلطة نظمته يو إف سي، أُقيم في 23 يونيو 2012، على مينيرينيو أرينا في بيلو هوريزونتي، البرازيل.
انظر أيضًا
قائمة أحداث يو إف سي
يو إف سي في 2012
المراجع
فنون القتال المختلطة في 2012
الرياضة في بيلو هوريزونتي
أحداث بطولة القتال النهائي
رياضة برازيلية في 2012
فنون القتال المختلطة في البرازيل
ألكسندر كيتينوف

ألكسندر كيتينوف مواليد 13 يناير 1971 في سكوبيه، هو لاعب كرة مضرب مقدوني سابق بدأ مسيرته كمحترف سنة 1992 وكان يلعب باليد اليمنى. أعلى تصنيف له في الفردي كان المركز الـ 296 في سنة 1996. اعتزل اللعب في سنة 2003.
نهائيات جولة رابطة محترفي التنس
الزوجي
مراجع
روابط خارجية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون من إسكوبية
لاعبو كرة مضرب مقدونيون
لاعبو كرة مضرب يوغوسلافيون
مواليد 1971
مواليد في إسكوبية
ويندي كوب (مديرة)

ويندي كوب (مديرة)
ويندي كوب هي مديرة أمريكية، ولدت في 29 يونيو 1967 في أوستن في الولايات المتحدة.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أشخاص من أوستن (تكساس)
أمريكيات في القرن 21
حائزون على الميدالية المدنية الرئاسية
خريجو جامعة برنستون
خريجو مدرسة وودرو ويلسون للشؤون العامة والدولية
مربون من تكساس
مربيات أمريكيات
مواليد 1967
Danielle Foote

Danielle Foote, born 8 June 1987 in Adelaide, is an Australian former reality series star and business person. She appeared on Big Brother Australia 2006 and lived in Sydney. Her debut single, a cover of Underworld's "Underneath the Radar", was released on 7 August 2006. It debuted at No. 52 on the ARIA singles chart, and peaked at No. 41. In January 2015 Foote married Hayden Cox, an Australian surfer and board designer. From 2014 Foote has worked with Cox in his board design business in El Segundo, California.
Discography
Singles
References
1987 births
Big Brother (Australian TV series) contestants
People from South Australia
Living people
People from Adelaide
Herbert A. Allen Sr.

Herbert A. Allen Sr.
Herbert Allen Sr. (February 13, 1908 – January 18, 1997) was an American stockbroker.
Biography
A partner in Allen & Company with his older brother, Charles Robert Allen Jr., for more than fifty-five years. They were one of the first in the industry to specialize in corporate takeovers. One of the wealthiest figures on Wall Street, in 1956 he was appointed chairman of Benguet Consolidated Mining Co. which had chrome and gold mining operations in the Philippines. Among his other investments, the Allen brothers' company held an eighty percent share position in Ogden Corporation as well as a substantial holding in pharmaceutical manufacturer, Syntex Corporation. He also controlled the Irvine Ranch in California, which was converted into a substantial real estate development company.
He was a major benefactor to Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, which named a community hospital in honor of the family. Herbert Allen became a major participant in Thoroughbred horse racing.
Personal life
He was married to Ethel Strong, an Irish Catholic. Allen was a non-practicing Unitarian although he was of partial Jewish descent. They had two children, Herbert Allen Jr. and Susan Allen.
References
1908 births
1997 deaths
American stockbrokers
American financiers
American racehorse owners and breeders
20th-century American businesspeople
Allen family (investments)
كيمياء حيوية متعامدة

كيمياء حيوية متعامدة
الكيمياء الحيوية المتعامدة يشير المصطلح إلى أي تفاعل كيميائي يمكن أن يحدث داخل الأنظمة الحية دون التدخل في العمليات البيوكيميائية الأصلية. صاغ المصطلح عالمة الكيمياء كارولين بيرتوزي في عام 2003. منذ تقديمه، أتاح مفهوم التفاعل الحيوي المتعامد دراسة الجزيئات الحيوية مثل الجليكان والبروتينات والدهون في الوقت الفعلي في الأنظمة الحية الخالية من السمية الخلوية. تم تطوير عدد من استراتيجيات الربط الكيميائي التي تفي بمتطلبات التعامد الحيوي، بما في ذلك الحلقية ثنائية القطب 1,3 بين الأزيدات والسيكلوكتين (وتسمى أيضًا الكيمياء النقرية الخالية من النحاس)، بين النيترونات والسيكلوكتين، أكسيم/هيدرازون من الألدهيدات والكيتونات، ربط التترازينات، تفاعل نقري المعتمد على الإيزوسيانيد، ومؤخراً الربط الرباعي الحلقي.
المراجع
تفاعلات كيميائية
فرنسيسكو بريماتيتشيو

فرنسيسكو بريماتيتشيو وهو رسام ومهندس معماري ونحات إيطالي ولد في يوم 30 أبريل 1504 في مدينة بولونية في إيطاليا، تعلم الرسم من جوليو رومانو في مانتوفا وثم انتقل إلى فرنسا، معظم لوحاته موجودة في متاحف فرنسا منها في قصر فونتينبلو حيث تتواجد رسومه هناك مع الرسام روسو فيورينتينو وتوفي في سنة 1570.
روابط خارجية
مراجع
رسامون إيطاليون
رسامون إيطاليون في القرن 16
رسامون إيطاليون من عصر النهضة
فنانون من بولونيا
معماريون إيطاليون
معماريون فرنسيون
مواليد 1504
مواليد في بولونيا (إيطاليا)
نحاتون ونحاتات إيطاليون
نحاتون ونحاتات فرنسيون
وفيات 1570
وفيات في باريس