PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
Girlfriend (disambiguation)

Girlfriend (disambiguation)
A girlfriend is a female friend or a romantic partner.
Girlfriend(s) or Girl Friend(s) may also refer to:
Film and television
Girl Friends (1936 film), a Soviet film
Girlfriends (1978 film), an American comedy-drama starring Melanie Mayron
Girlfriends (2006 film), a French film
Girlfriends (2009 film), a South Korean film
Girlfriends (2021 film), a Spanish film
Girlfriends (2000 TV series), an American TV sitcom
Girl friends – Freundschaft mit Herz, a German drama TV series
Girlfriends (2012 TV series), a British reality TV series
Girlfriends (2018 TV series), a British drama TV series
Girlfriend (2004 film), a Hindi film
Girlfriend (2010 film), a Canadian-American drama film by Justin Lerner
Girlfriend (2018 film), a Bengali action film
Girl Friend (2002 film), an Indian Telugu-language romantic drama film
"Girlfriends" (Flight of the Conchords), an episode of Flight of the Conchords
"The Girlfriend" (The Amazing World of Gumball), an episode of The Amazing World of Gumball
Literature
Girlfriend (magazine), an Australian magazine for teenage girls
Girlfriends (magazine), an American women's magazine
Girl Friend (manga), a Japanese manga by Masaya Hokazono and Court Betten
Girl Friends (manga), a Japanese yuri manga series by Milk Morinaga
Music
Girlfriend (group), an Australian pop group
Girl Friends (group), a South Korean pop duo
Girlfriend (album), an album by Matthew Sweet
The Girlfriends, an American girl group
Songs
"Girlfriend" (Alicia Keys song)
"Girlfriend" (Avril Lavigne song)
"Girlfriend" (B2K song)
"Girlfriend" (Big Bang song)
"Girlfriend" (Billie song)
"Girlfriend" (Bobby Brown song)
"Girlfriend" (Bow Wow & Omarion song)
"Girlfriend" (Charlie Puth song)
"Girlfriend" (The Darkness song)
"Girlfriend" (Icona Pop song)
"Girlfriend" (Jay Park song)
"Girlfriend" (Kap G song)
"Girlfriend" (Matthew Sweet song)
"Girlfriend" (NSYNC song)
"Girlfriend" (Pebbles song)
"Girlfriend" (The Pillows song)
"Girlfriend" (Tyler Medeiros song)
"Girlfriend" (Wings song), a song covered by Michael Jackson
"Girlfriend", a song by Ashanti from The Declaration
"Girlfriend", a song by Victoria Beckham from Victoria Beckham
"Girlfriend", a song by Rebecca Black
"Girlfriend", a song by Day26 from Forever in a Day
"Girlfriend", a song by Girls' Generation from Tell Me Your Wish (Genie)
"Girlfriend", a song by Jim Jones from Pray IV Reign
"Girlfriend", a song by Phoenix from Wolfgang Amadeus Phoenix
"Girlfriend", a song by Queen Pen from My Melody
"Girlfriend", a song by Jonathan Richman, originally recorded by the Modern Lovers
"Girlfriend", a song by T-Pain
"Girlfriend", the English title of the song "Damn, dis-moi" by Christine and the Queens
"Girlfriends", a song by Cheap Trick from Woke Up with a Monster
"Girl Friend", a song by Rocket Punch from Red Punch
Other uses
Girlfriend (fashion), a style of men's clothing
Girlfriend, a character from the indie rhythm game Friday Night Funkin'
See also
Doctor Girlfriend, a character from The Venture Bros.
Girlfriend, Boyfriend, a 2012 Taiwanese film
Ex-Girlfriend (disambiguation)
GFriend, a South Korean girl group
Charles Edward Borden

Charles Edward Borden; also Carl Borden; (15 May 1905 – 25 December 1978) was an American- born Canadian professor of archaeology at the University of British Columbia and the author of seminal works on archaeology, pre-history and pre-contact history. He was of German descent. The Canadian Archaeological Association referred to him as the grandfather of archaeology in British Columbia and especially regarding prehistory and early history and rendered outstanding services to British Columbia. The Borden System was used on all archaeological sites. Borden deemed the Milliken site in the Fraser Canyon, with finds dating back about 9500 years old, making it the oldest known settlement at the time, therefore the most important of the excavations at sites.
In 1951 Borden received funding from Aluminum Company of Canada (Alcan), and the British Columbia Ministry of Education to undertake salvage archaeology at the Carrier Indian site. The construction of the Kemano power reservoir resulted in imminent flooding of a large part of Carrier hunting territory in Tweedsmuir Park. In 1951 Borden began survey and excavation of the site and returned to work there every summer until he retired in 1970. His final article published in Science in 1979 was based on excavations of early microblade assemblages at Namu in 1977.
From 1948 to 1957, Borden excavated material and undertook salvage archaeology projects in the 1950s and 1960s at the Marpole Midden, also known as Great Marpole Midden. Borden "was the first to draw links between contemporary Musqueam peoples and excavated remains." At the time of his death, however in 1978, in spite of his best intentions, all of the Marpole material was in storage and still required "full description, quantification and publication of the original data" on which they were based.
Early life
Borden left the United States with his mother, when she was widowed taking her infant son to join her family in Germany. In 1927 American authorities helped him to return to the United States.
He majored in German at the University of California at Los Angeles and received his A.B. in 1932. He then studied at University of California at Berkeley earning his M.A. in 1933 and his Ph.D. in 1937. His first teaching position was at Reed College in Portland. He began working as assistant professor of German at the University of British Columbia in after teaching for a short period at Reed College in Portland.
Legacy
The Early period in Northwest coast prehistory : CAA/SAA symposium organized by Roy L. Carlson in honour of C.E. Borden, Society for American Archaeology und Canadian Archaeological Association 1979.
See also
Coast Salish peoples
First Nations
History of British Columbia
History of Washington (state)
Citations
References
External links
Charles E. Borden fonds The University of British Columbia Archives
1905 births
1978 deaths
Canadian archaeologists
North American cultural studies
Academic staff of the University of British Columbia
20th-century American archaeologists
American emigrants to Canada
مارلين زاكس

مارلين زاكس (18 ديسمبر 1927 في نيويورك - 31 ديسمبر 2016 في سان فرانسيسكو) كاتبة للأطفال، وروائية، وكاتِبة من الولايات المتحدة.
المراجع
خريجو كلية هنتر
روائيون أمريكيون في القرن 20
روائيون أمريكيون في القرن 21
روائيون أمريكيون يهود
روائيون من ولاية نيويورك
كاتبات أطفال أمريكيات
كاتبات أمريكيات في القرن 20
كاتبات أمريكيات في القرن 21
كتاب أدب أطفال أمريكيون
كتاب من سان فرانسيسكو
يهود أمريكيون في القرن 21
باتريك دونكان (كاتب)

باتريك دونكان (كاتب)
باتريك دونكان هو صحفي وكاتب جنوب أفريقي، ولد في 1918 في جوهانسبرغ في جنوب أفريقيا، وتوفي في 1967 في لندن في المملكة المتحدة.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
ناشطون من جوهانسبرغ
أشخاص من جوهانسبرغ
جنوب إفريقيون من أصل إسكتلندي
جنوب إفريقيون من أصل بريطاني
جنوب إفريقيون مغتربون في المملكة المتحدة
خريجو كلية باليول (أوكسفورد)
سجناء ومعتقلون جنوب إفريقيون
مواليد 1918
ناشطون جنوب إفريقيون بيض مناهضون للأبارتايد
وفيات 1967
William T. Cobb

William T. Cobb
William Titcomb Cobb (July 23, 1857 - July 24, 1937) was an American politician and the 46th Governor of Maine.
Biography
William Titcomb Cobb was born in Rockland, Maine on July 23, 1857. He graduated in 1877 from Bowdoin College, where he was admitted to the Zeta Psi fraternity. After completing his graduation, he went to study in Germany. He studied at the Leipzig University and the University of Berlin. After his education in Germany, he returned to the United States and studied law at Harvard Law School. In 1880, he was admitted to the bar. He had a successful legal career.
He was nominated for the governorship of Maine by the Republican party in 1904. He won the general election. He was sworn into governor's office on January 4, 1905. He won the re-election in 1906. During his administration, harsher prohibition laws and economic restructuring was endorsed. Railroad growth was promoted. A meat inspection law and a pure food and drug law were advocated.
Cobb left office on January 6, 1909. He died on July 24, 1937, a day after his 80th birthday, in Rockland, Maine.
Notes
Sources
Sobel, Robert and John Raimo. Biographical Directory of the Governors of the United States, 1789-1978. Greenwood Press, 1988.
1857 births
1937 deaths
People from Rockland, Maine
Bowdoin College alumni
Republican Party governors of Maine
Harvard Law School alumni
Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
Leipzig University alumni
Maine lawyers
19th-century American lawyers
20th-century American lawyers
الاحتجاجات المالية 2020

الاحتجاجات المالية 2020
بدأت الاحتجاجات المالية الجارية لعام 2020 في مالي في 5 يونيو 2020 عندما تجمع المتظاهرون في شوارع باماكو بمالي، مطالبين إبراهيم أبو بكر كيتا بالاستقالة من رئاسة مالي.
19 يونيو - تظاهر عشرات الآلاف من الماليين في باماكو للمطالبة باستقالة الرئيس إبراهيم أبو بكر كيتا.
20 يونيو - دعت المجموعة الاقتصادية لدول غرب إفريقيا إلى إجراء انتخابات جديدة بسبب الخلافات حول شرعية الانتخابات البرلمانية المالية لعام 2020.
5 يوليو - التقى الرئيس إبراهيم أبو بكر كيتا بالإمام محمود ديكو، زعيم حركة 5 يونيو الاحتجاجية.
11-12 يوليو - اشتبك متظاهرون في باماكو مع قوات الأمن، التي أفادت التقارير أنها إطلقت قذائف حية على المتظاهرين. وبحسب ما ورد قُتل 11 شخصًا وأصيب 124 آخرون.
23 يوليو - وصل الرؤساء نانا أكوفو أدو، والحسن واتارا، ومحمد يوسفو، ومحمد بخاري، وماكي سال إلى باماكو للقاء الرئيس كيتا وقادة المعارضة بعد فشل محاولة الوساطة التي قامت بها المجموعة الاقتصادية لدول غرب أفريقيا.
18 أغسطس - انقلاب مالي 2020: جنود متمردون يعتقلون الرئيس إبراهيم أبو بكر ورئيس الوزراء بوبو سيسيه بعد إطلاق النار على معسكر عسكري بالقرب من باماكو صباح الثلاثاء.
19 أغسطس - أعلن الرئيس إبراهيم أبو بكر استقالته وحل البرلمان. أعلن محمود ديكو أنه سيترك السياسة.
المراجع
مالي في 2020
أحداث أغسطس 2020 في إفريقيا
أحداث يوليو 2020 في إفريقيا
أحداث يونيو 2020 في إفريقيا
احتجاجات 2020
احتجاجات جارية
احتجاجات في مالي
Jorgelina Cravero

Jorgelina Cravero (born 27 January 1982) is a retired Argentine tennis player.
She has career-high WTA rankings of 106 in singles (achieved on 10 September 2007) and 114 in doubles (set on 17 November 2008). Cravero has not won a title on the WTA Tour in singles or doubles. However, she won 15 singles titles and 34 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.
In 2007, Cravero qualified for three of the four Grand Slam tournaments, losing in the opening round every time: to Justine Henin at Wimbledon, to Martina Müller at the Australian Open and to Aravane Rezaï at the US Open.
Playing for Argentina Fed Cup team, Cravero has a win–loss record of 6–7.
Most memorable experiences were qualifying for the Australian Open and Wimbledon in 2007. Cravero enjoys the clay surface best of all and started playing tennis at the age of five. She turned professional in 2000.
In 2011, she announced her retirement from professional tennis.
Personal
Cravero was born in San Francisco, Córdoba. The right-hander lives in Buenos Aires. Her father Carlos is an accountant; mother Rita is a math teacher; she has one brother, Eugenio, and three sisters, Monica, Daniela and Maria Alejandra.
ITF Circuit finals
Singles: 23 (15 titles, 8 runner-ups)
Doubles: 54 (34 titles, 20 runner-ups)
References
External links
1982 births
Living people
Argentine female tennis players
Pan American Games gold medalists for Argentina
People from San Francisco, Córdoba
Tennis players at the 2007 Pan American Games
Pan American Games medalists in tennis
Competitors at the 1998 South American Games
South American Games bronze medalists for Argentina
South American Games medalists in tennis
Tennis players at the 2003 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2007 Pan American Games
Sportspeople from Córdoba Province, Argentina
21st-century Argentine women
كارل جون ألفرد غوستافسون

كارل جون ألفرد غوستافسون هو فلاح وسياسي سويدي، ولد في 1862 في السويد، وتوفي في 1936. حزبياً، نشط في حزب التجمع المعتدل. وقد انتخب عن دائرة (1909 – 1933).
مراجع
سياسيو حزب الوسط السويدي
مواليد 1862
وفيات 1936
هارولد ثورنتون

هارولد ثورنتون هو رسام أسترالي، ولد في 26 أغسطس 1915 في سيدني في أستراليا، وتوفي بنفس المكان في 3 أبريل 2004.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
فنانون ذكور أستراليون في القرن 20
رسامون أستراليون في القرن 20
فنانون ذكور في القرن 20
مواليد 1915
وفيات 2004
رسامون ذكور أستراليون
Carlos de la Vega

Carlos de la Vega Díaz (born 24 January 1980) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a right back.
Football career
After emerging through Rayo Vallecano's youth system, de la Vega went on to play with amateur sides RSD Alcalá and AD Alcorcón, also from his hometown of Madrid, until well into his 20s.
He did not have his first taste of full professional football until the 2008–09 season (he had only played one match with Rayo's first team in 2002–03's La Liga, two minutes) when, after returning to Rayo in the previous year, he was fairly used as the club easily retained its Segunda División status.
In late December 2009, unsettled de la Vega was loaned to another side in the second level, SD Huesca, until the end of the season. In July 2012, after more than one year out of football, the 32-year-old signed for two seasons with CD Leganés of Segunda División B.
Drug scandal
In February 2009, de la Vega was arrested in connection with an anti-drug operation in the Spanish capital. After eight days, he paid €30.000 in order to be released from custody.
Former footballers Predrag Stanković and Txutxi were also involved in the plot, among others. In 2014 (confirmation in 2015) de la Vega was one of two persons acquitted, as five other people received sentences that ranged from four to 12 years.
References
External links
1980 births
Living people
Footballers from Madrid
Spanish men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
La Liga players
Segunda División players
Segunda División B players
Tercera División players
Rayo Vallecano B players
Rayo Vallecano players
RSD Alcalá players
AD Alcorcón footballers
SD Huesca footballers
CD Leganés players
جون فان ألفن

جون فان ألفن (17 حزيران / يونيه 1914 - 19 ديسمبر 1961) هو لاعب كرة قدم بلجيكي سابق ولد في أنتويرب في بلجيكا. يلعب في خط الوسط مع بيرسخوت إيه سي. مع بيرسخوت إيه سي، فاز مرتين الدوري البلجيكي الممتاز في عام 1938 و 1939.
لعب مع منتخب بلجيكا لكرة القدم من عام 1938 إلى عام 1944 وقد لعب خلالها عشر مباريات، بما في ذلك مباراة واحدة في كأس العالم عام 1938.
إنجازات
منتخب بلجيكا لكرة القدم من عام 1938 إلى عام 1944 (11 كأس)
أول مباراة دولية: بلجيكا-هولندا، 1-1 في 3 أبريل 1938
المشاركة في 1938 كأس العالم (لعب مباراة واحدة)
الدوري البلجيكي الممتاز في عام 1938 و 1939 مع بيرسخوت إيه سي
الدوري البلجيكي الممتاز في عام 1937 مع بيرسخوت إيه سي
روابط خارجية
المراجع
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية بلجيكيون
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
مدافعو كرة قدم رجالية
رياضيون من أنتويرب
لاعبو بيرتشوت
لاعبو كأس العالم 1938
لاعبو كرة قدم بلجيكيون
لاعبو منتخب بلجيكا لكرة القدم
مدربو كرة قدم بلجيكيون
مواليد 1914
وفيات 1961
لاعبو كرة قدم من أنتفيرب
Dittaino

Dittaino
The Dittaino (Greek: ; Latin: Chrysas) is a river of central Sicily which rises in the Heraean Mountains, not far from the modern towns of Gangi and Enna. It is long.
After flowing through the territory of Assorus, where its tutelary divinity was worshipped with peculiar honors during the Greek civilization, and afterwards through that of Agyrium, it joins the Simeto in the plain of Catania, about from its mouth.
Hydronym
The modern name is the Sicilian version of Arab vocable Wādī al-tīn, namely "The River of Sandstone".
References
Rivers of Italy
Rivers of Sicily
Rivers of the Province of Enna
Rivers of the Province of Catania
First Christian Church (Columbia, Missouri)

First Christian Church (Columbia, Missouri)
The First Christian Church is a historic Disciples of Christ church located at 101 North Tenth Street in Columbia, Missouri. It was designed by T.N. Bell of Chicago, Illinois and built in 1893. It has a Richardsonian Romanesque style Sanctuary that includes a square bell tower, horizontal massing with contrasting high gables, round arches, heavy and highly textured stone work, and voussoir arches. The Education Building was designed by Eugene Groves and added in 1929. This is the second church building to stand at this site. The building is still a functioning church today.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. It is located in the North Village Arts District.
References
Bibliography
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Missouri
Neoclassical architecture in Missouri
Richardsonian Romanesque architecture in Missouri
Churches completed in 1893
19th-century churches in the United States
Churches in Columbia, Missouri
National Register of Historic Places in Boone County, Missouri
Neoclassical church buildings in the United States
CLEC1B

CLEC1B
C-type lectin domain family 1 member B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC1B gene.
Natural killer (NK) cells express multiple calcium-dependent (C-type) lectin-like receptors, such as CD94 (KLRD1; MIM 602894) and NKG2D (KLRC4; MIM 602893), that interact with major histocompatibility complex class I molecules and either inhibit or activate cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion. CLEC2 is a C-type lectin-like receptor expressed in myeloid cells and NK cells.[supplied by OMIM]
References
External links
Further reading
Genes on human chromosome 12
C-type lectins
كالاشيبيتا

كالاشيبيتا هي بلدية في مقاطعة إنا في صقلية الإيطالية.
السكان
في سنة 1861 بلغ عدد السكان نسمة، وتطور العدد ليصل في سنة 2011 لـ نسمة.
أعلام
بيترو الثاني ملك صقلية
مراجع
مدن وبلدات في صقلية
بلديات مقاطعة إنا
الجبين (توضيح)

الجبين (توضيح)
قد يقصد من «الجبين» :
الجبين (سوريا) : قرية في سوريا
الجبين (محوت) : مستوطنة في سلطنة عمان
كريل نحيل

كريل نحيل
ايفوزي نحيل أو كريل نحيل هو نوع من الحيوانات البحرية يتبع جنس ايفوزي خيطي القدم من فصيلة الايفوزية.
انظر أيضاً
ايفوزي خيطي القدم
قائمة أنواع الايفوزية
مراجع
نحيل
3-Methylhexane

3-Methylhexane is a branched hydrocarbon with two enantiomers. It is one of the isomers of heptane.
The molecule is chiral, and is one of the two isomers of heptane to have this property, the other being its structural isomer 2,3-dimethylpentane. The enantiomers are (R)-3-methylhexane and (S)-3-methylhexane.
References
Alkanes
Alejandro Martín

Alejandro Martín
Alejandro 'Ale' Martín Méndez (born 24 April 1990) is a Spanish footballer who plays for UD Lanzarote as a goalkeeper.
Club career
Born in Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Martín finished his graduation with UD Las Palmas, and made his senior debuts with the reserves in the 2008–09 season, in Segunda División B. In August 2010 he was loaned to neighbouring UD Lanzarote, in Tercera División. A season later Martín returned to the B-team, now in the fourth level.
On 15 October 2012, due to Mariano Barbosa's suspension and Raúl Lizoain's injury, Martín made his professional debut, starting in a 2–3 away loss against Real Madrid Castilla, in the Segunda División championship; it was his maiden first team appearance, however. Released in 2015, he moved to fellow Tercera División side CD Unión Sur Yaiza on 25 September.
References
External links
1990 births
Living people
Footballers from Las Palmas
Spanish men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Segunda División players
Segunda División B players
Tercera División players
Tercera Federación players
UD Las Palmas Atlético players
UD Lanzarote players
UD Las Palmas players
فريتز فينتر

فريتز فينتر هو رسام ألماني، ولد في 22 سبتمبر 1905 في في ألمانيا، وتوفي في 1 أكتوبر 1976 في هيرشينغ في ألمانيا.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أشخاص من شمال الراين-وستفاليا
أشخاص من مقاطعة فيسفاليا
الحاصلون على وسام الاستحقاق البافاري
خريجو باوهاوس
رسامون ألمان
رسامون ألمان في القرن 20
رسامون تجريديون
فنانون ذكور ألمان في القرن 20
فنانون ذكور في القرن 20
قادة فرسان من وسام استحقاق جمهورية ألمانيا الاتحادية
مواليد 1905
وفيات 1976
نوتردام (توضيح)

نوتردام (توضيح)
نوتردام لقب فرنسي الذي يعني "سيدتنا." يصف بمريم العذراء وهو اسم الكنائس الكاثوليكية الكثيرة في البلاد الفرنسية. الحادثة الأشهر هي الكاتدرائية نوتر دام في مدينة باريس. إيضا توجد في الولاية المتحدة جامعة نوتر دام وتشهر بفريقها لكرة القدم الإمريكية.
الكنائس والكاتدرائيات
كاتدرائية نوتردام (باريس)
السيدة الإفريقية
نوتردام دى سيون
المدارس
نوتردام (جامعة)
كلية نوتر دام (دكا)
أحياء
حي نوتردام (تونس)
صفحات توضيح أسماء أماكن
Tomb of Askia

Tomb of Askia
The Tomb of Askia, in Gao, Mali, is believed to be the burial place of Askia Mohammad I, one of the Songhai Empire's most prolific emperors. It was built at the end of the fifteenth century and is designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
UNESCO describes the tomb as a fine example of the monumental mud-building traditions of the West African Sahel. The complex includes the pyramidal tomb, two mosques, a cemetery and an assembly ground. At in height it is the largest pre-colonial architectural monument in Gao. It is a notable example of the Sudano-Sahelian architectural style that later spread throughout the region.
Relatively recent modifications to the site have included the expansion of the mosque buildings in the 1960s and mid-1970s, and the 1999 construction of a wall around the site. It has also been regularly replastered throughout its history, a process essential to the maintenance and repair of mud structures. Electricity was added in the early 2000s, allowing for ceiling fans, lights and a loudspeaker mounted on top.
Askia is in regular use as a mosque and a publicly owned cultural centre for the city of Gao. The site and a buffer area around it are protected by both national and local laws.
History
Askia Mohammed was the first Askia emperor and expanded the Songhai Empire. As a devoted Muslim, he felt obligated to make his pilgrimage to Mecca, which he returned from in 1495. He brought back with him the materials to make his tomb; all of the mud and wood came from Mecca. The caravan is said to have consisted of "thousands of camels." It was structured as a house, with several rooms and passageways and was sealed when Askia Mohammed died.
Although Askia Mohammed is the only one that was buried in the tomb itself, several other Askia's are buried in the courtyard.
Gallery
References
External links
World Heritage Website
UNESCO Evaluation of Askia (in English and French)
Buildings and structures completed in the 15th century
World Heritage Sites in Mali
Sudano-Sahelian architecture
Gao Region
World Heritage Sites in Danger
Mosques in Mali
Monuments and memorials in Mali
مانسوة ثؤلولية

مانسوة ثؤلولية (الاسم العلمي:Mansoa verrucifera) هي من النباتات تتبع المانسوة من ال البنيونية.
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المانسوة
مراجع
مانسوة ثؤلولية
مانسوة (نبات)
مانسوة ثؤلولية
نباتات المكسيك
نباتات غيانا
نباتات فنزويلا
نباتات معترشة
مانسوة ثؤلولية
نباتات وصفها ألوين هوارد غنتري
نباتات وصفها شلكتندال
هاليسين

هاليسين (SU-3327) هو مركب كيميائي يعمل كمثبط للإنزيم c-Jun-N-termanase kinase (JNK). في الأصل ، تم البحث في علاج مرض السكري ، ولكن لم يستمر تطوير هذا الاستخدام بسبب سوء نتائج الاختبارات السريرية.
وفي وقت لاحق ، تم التعرف على الهاليسين من قبل الباحثين في مجال الذكاء الاصطناعي في عيادة (MIT Jameel Clinic) في عام 2019 باستخدام منهج (in silico deep learning) ، كمضاد حيوي واسع الطيف. وقد تم التحقق من هذا الاحتمال في اختبار زراعة الخلايا في المختبر، ثم تلاها اختبارات في اجسام حية على الفئران. وأظهرت الاختبارات نتائج إيجابية ضد السللات البكتيرية المقاومة للعقاقير من مطثية عسيرة ، و راكدة بومانية ، و متفطرة سلية ، مع آلية غير عادية من الإجراءات التي تنطوي على عزل الحديد داخل الخلايا البكتيرية ، مما يتداخل مع قدرتها على تنظيم توازن الأس الهيدروجيني عبر غشاء الخلية بشكل صحيح. بما أن تأثير الهالسين مختلفة عن معظم المضادات الحيوية ، فقد احتفظ الهاليسين بمقاومته النشطة ضد السلالات البكتيرية المقاومة للعديد من الأدوية شائعة الاستخدام.
تشير الدراسات الأولية إلى أن الهاليسين يقتل البكتيريا عن طريق تعطيل قدرتها على الحفاظ على تدرج كهروكيميائي عبر أغشية الخلايا. إن هذا التدرج ضروري ، من بين وظائف أخرى ، لإنتاج ATP (الجزيئات التي تستخدمها الخلايا لتخزين الطاقة) ، لذا فإذا انهارهذا التدرج ، تموت الخلايا كنتيجة لذلك، وهذا النوع من آلية القتل يمكن أن يكون من الصعب على البكتيريا تطوير مقاومة له.
روابط خارجية
تعلم الآلة للمضادات الحيوية
مراجع
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مثبطات الإنزيمات
مضادات حيوية