PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
وياما ضد. ولاية كاليفورنيا

وياما ضد. ولاية كاليفورنيا، 332 US 633 (1948)، كانت القضية التي قررت فيها المحكمة العليا للولايات المتحدة أن أحكامًا محددة من قوانين الأراضي الغريبة في كاليفورنيا لعامي 1913 و1920 قد ألغت الحقوق والامتيازات التي يضمنها التعديل الرابع عشر لفريد وياما، وهو مواطن من الولايات المتحدة يحمل والده الجنسية اليابانية، بشراء الأراضي. ومع ذلك، فإن المحكمة لم تنقض قوانين الأراضي الغريبة في كاليفورنيا باعتبارها غير دستورية.
خلفية القضية
كاليفورنيا - قوانين الأراضي الغريبة
قرار المحكمة
بعد أن تم البت في القضية في محكمة ابتدائية واستأنفتها المحكمة العليا في كاليفورنيا وأيدتها، ذهبت إلى المحكمة العليا للولايات المتحدة بموجب أمر قضائي. عرض دين أتشسون، وزير الخارجية في عهد الرئيس هاري إس ترومان، القضية للتقديم التماس.
ملاحظات
See, for example God Save This Honorable Court: How the Choice of Supreme Court Justices Shapes our History (1985), pp. 37–38: "...most observers believe that Chief Justice Fred Vinson was ambivalent about the constitutionality of school segregation, and uncertain about what position he would take after hearing arguments in a series of cases in 1953."
The "federal laws and treaties" that Associate Justice Hugo Black cites in his opinion refer primarily to the Japanese-American Treaty of 1911, which authorized Japanese in this country to lease and occupy land for residential and commercial purposes. However, because the treaty made no mention of agricultural land, the California Alien Land Law - which regulated only agricultural land - did not ostensibly present an obvious conflict.
There have been several cases before the Supreme Court in which a seemingly non-discriminatory statute was alleged to have been enforced in a discriminatory manner. One of the earliest, and more famous examples of such a case is Yick Wo v. Hopkins (1886). In its decision, the Court ruled unanimously that the regulation in question was used primarily to target Chinese laundry owners while excluding non-Chinese laundry operators, and as such, was wholly inconsistent with the protections afforded to all residents by the Fourteenth Amendment.
روابط خارجية
السوابق القضائية للولايات المتحدة في 1948
كاليفورنيا في 1948
تاريخ أمريكي ياباني
تاريخ العنصرية في كاليفورنيا
تاريخ كاليفورنيا القانوني
تاريخ مقاطعة سان دييغو (كاليفورنيا)
تشولا فيستا
قضايا المحكمة العليا في الولايات المتحدة
Zimmer's tapaculo

Zimmer's tapaculo (Scytalopus zimmeri) is a species of passerine bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is found in Bolivia and Argentina.
Taxonomy and systematics
Zimmer's tapaculo has at times been considered a subspecies of Magellanic tapaculo (Scytalopus magellanicus). It and white-browed tapaculo (S. superciliaris) form a superspecies. Its name commemorates American ornithologist John Todd Zimmer.
Description
Zimmer's tapaculo is long. Males weigh and one female weighed . The adult's most striking feature is its white supercilium, throat, and upper breast. The rest of the head, the back, and the wings are gray with a brown wash on the back. The lower breast and belly are also gray. Its flanks and vent are olive-brown and have dusky bars. The juvenile's supercilium is faint buff, its upper parts olive-brown with dusky bars, its breast and upper belly gray, and the flanks and lower belly are buff with dusky bars.
Distribution and habitat
Zimmer's tapaculo is found in southern Bolivia's Chuquisaca and Tarija departments and Argentina's Jujuy and Salta provinces. It ranges the Andean slopes from elevation. It inhabits several vegetative communities including seasonally humid Alnus, Podocarpus, and Polylepis woodlands where it frequents ravines and other shady areas, and also open wet rocky slopes with bunch grass and shrubs.
Behavior
Feeding
Zimmer's tapaculo forages on and near the ground, often staying hidden among roots, rocks, and ferns. Its diet is not well known but it appears to favor seeds.
Breeding
Both members of a Zimmer's tapaculo pair were observed tending nestlings in October. The nest was found in a crevice of an earth and stone bank.
Vocalization
The song of Zimmer's tapaculo is a series three to five burry notes repeated at intervals, often for many minutes . Its call is described as one or two "quick" notes repeated at intervals .
Status
The IUCN has assessed Zimmer's tapaculo as being of Least Concern. Though its range is small and its population number is not known, "Owing to steepness of the terrain and the species’ tolerance of habitat disturbance, however, it is probably not at any real risk."
References
Zimmer's tapaculo
Birds of the Southern Andean Yungas
Zimmer's tapaculo
Zimmer's tapaculo
Zimmer's tapaculo
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
غراهام هيوز

غراهام هيوز هو مخرج بريطاني، ولد في 1979 في ليفربول في المملكة المتحدة.
مراجع
كتاب أدب رحلات بريطانيون
كتاب من ليفربول
مخرجو فيديوهات موسيقية بريطانيون
مذيعو تلفزيون بريطانيون
مواليد 1979
Matthew Taylor (cricketer, born 1994)

Matthew Taylor (cricketer, born 1994)
Matthew David Taylor (born 8 July 1994) is an English cricketer. Taylor is a left-arm fast-medium bowler who bats right-handed. Taylor made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire on 3 September 2013 against Leicestershire.
References
External links
Living people
1994 births
English cricketers
Gloucestershire cricketers
Oxfordshire cricketers
Sportspeople from Banbury
Cricketers from Oxfordshire
ماتيلد أندريه

ماتيلد أندريه مواليد 11 فبراير 1986 في لواندا، هي لاعبة كرة يد أنغولية تلعب كجناح أيمن. مثلت منتخب أنغولا لكرة اليد للسيدات. حققت المركز الأول في ألعاب عموم أفريقيا 2011.
سجل المنافسة
شاركت في البطولات التالية:
بطولة العالم لكرة اليد للسيدات 2011
بطولة العالم لكرة اليد للسيدات 2015
الميداليات
مراجع
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون من لواندا
فائزون بميداليات ذهبية في الألعاب الإفريقية من أنغولا
فائزون بميداليات في الألعاب الإفريقية في كرة اليد
لاعبات كرة يد أنغوليات
منافسون في الألعاب الإفريقية 2011
منافسون في الألعاب الإفريقية 2015
مواليد 1986
لاعبو كرة يد من لواندا
Wadi Abu Jamil

Wadi Abu Jamil is the former Jewish quarter in Beirut, Lebanon, located in the city's central district.
History
Formerly known as Wadi al-Yahoud (meaning "Valley of the Jews"), the quarter was the center of the Lebanese Jewish community, with Beirut's largest and most important synagogue, the Maghen Abraham Synagogue, located there. The neighborhood was home to Lebanon's centuries-old Jewish community and also for the more recent Jewish refugees from Syria and Iraq.
Emigration from the community began in earnest after the 1967 Arab-Israeli war. During the 1982 Lebanon War, Yasir Arafat's PLO forces took over much of the neighborhood, which was located along the dividing line between the two sides of the Lebanese Civil War. During the war, Israeli bombardment damaged the Magen Abraham Synagogue.
The area today is home to around 29 Lebanese Jews, mostly elderly.
Synagogue renovation
Renovation of the Maghen Abraham Synagogue began in the summer of 2009. Funding for the renovation includes donations from the Lebanese Jewish Community Council and Jewish Lebanese living overseas. Isaac Arazi, the leader of the Jewish community in Lebanon has managed to raise $40,000 from private donors. Renovation is estimated to cost between $1 million and $1.5 million. Solidere, the Lebanese joint-stock company responsible for much of Central Beirut’s reconstruction, has donated $150,000 toward the renovation effort. Lebanese architect Nabil Gholam has played an important role in the redevelopment planning process.
See also
Beirut Central District
History of the Jews in Lebanon
References
Karam, Dima (October 2003), Beirut Synagogue is a Reminder of a Departed People, Daily Star.
Hendler, Sefi (19 August 2006), Beirut’s last Jews, Ynetnews.
External links
Maghen Abraham Congregation: Sephardic Jewish Lebanese community in Canada
Wadi Hills
Jewish communities
Jews and Judaism in Beirut
Neighbourhoods of Beirut
NGC 3987

NGC 3987
إن جي سي 3987 التي يرمز لها بالرمز NGC 3987، هي مجرة، في كوكبة الأسد.
الاكتشاف
اكتشفت في 6 أبريل 1785، بواسطة ويليام هيرشل.
مراجع
اكتشافات ويليام هيرشل
الفهرس العام الجديد
أجرام الفهرس العام الجديد
أجرام فلكية اكتشفت في 1785
كوكبة الأسد
مجرات حلزونية
مجرات نشطة
Single-deck bus

Single-deck bus
A single-decker bus or single-decker is a bus that has a single deck for passengers. Normally the use of the term single-decker refers to a standard two-axled rigid bus, in direct contrast to the use of the term double-decker bus, which is essentially a bus with two passenger decks and a staircase. These types of single-deckers may feature one or more doors, and varying internal combustion engine positions. The majority of single-deckers have a length of up to 12 metres, although some exceptions of longer buses exist. They also typically weigh between 11 and 14 tons.
In regions where double-deckers are not common, the term single-decker may lack common usage, as in one sense, all other main types of bus have a single deck. Also, the term may become synonymous with the name transit bus or related terms, which can correctly be applied to double-deckers too.
With the exception of regions of major double deck or articulated bus operation, usually major urban areas such as Hong Kong, cities in the United Kingdom and Singapore, the single decker is the standard mode of public transport bus travel, increasingly with low floor features.
With their origins in van chassis, minibuses are not usually considered single-deckers, although modern minibus designs blur this distinction. Midibuses can also be regarded as both included with and separate from standard single-deckers, in terms of full size length and vehicle weights, although again design developments have seen this distinction blurred. Some coach style buses that do not have underfloor luggage space can also be correctly termed as single-deckers, with some sharing standard bus chassis designs, such as the Volvo B10M, with a different body style applied.
Notable examples of single-decker buses (excluding coaches, trolleybuses, midibuses and minibuses)
Alexander Dennis Enviro200
Alexander Dennis Enviro300
Alexander Dennis Enviro350H
BYD K9
Daewoo BC212MA
Daewoo BS105
DAC 112UDM
DAF SB220
Dennis Dart
Dennis Falcon
Dennis Lance/Lance SLF
Designline Olympus
Hino Blue Ribbon
Hino Rainbow
Ikarus 260
Irisbus Agoraline
Irisbus Citelis
Isuzu Erga
Isuzu Cubic
Iveco TurboCity
Iveco Urbanway
MAN NL262
MAN NLxx3F
MAZ-103
MAZ-203
Mercedes-Benz Citaro
Mercedes-Benz O305
Mercedes-Benz O405
Mercedes-Benz O500M/U
Mercedes-Benz OC 500 LE
Mercedes-Benz OF-OH
Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Star
Nissan Diesel Space Runner RA
Nova Bus LFS
New Flyer Low Floor
Optare Excel
Optare Tempo
Optare Tempo SR
Orion VII
Renault PR100.2
Rocar Autodromo 812U
Rocar De Simon U412
Scania Citywide
Scania K UB
Scania L113
Scania L94UB
Scania N UB
Scania N113
Scania N94UB
Scania OmniCity
Solaris Urbino 12
Thaco TB120CT
VDL SB200
VDL SB250
Volvo B7RLE
Volvo B8RLE
Volvo B9L
Volvo B10B
Volvo B10BLE
Volvo B10M
Volvo B12BLE
Optare Prisma
Optare Solo
Optare Solo SR
Optare Solo Plus
Optare Versa
See also
Tram
Bus rapid transit
List of buses
References
External links
Buses by type
كراش بانديكوت (توضيح)

كراش بانديكوت (توضيح)
قد يقصد من «كراش بانديكوت» :
NGC 7049

NGC 7049 هي مجرة تتبع كوكبة الهندي. اكتشفها جيمس دنلوب في 4 أغسطس 1826.
مراجع
روابط خارجية
أجرام الفهرس العام الجديد
كوكبة الهندي
مجرات محدبة
Naoki Yanagi

Naoki Yanagi
is a Japanese voice actor who was born in Tokyo. He was associated with Trias Production, and is now with Artist Crew. He has voiced in a number of anime shows and video games. Some of his lead roles include Manabu Yuuki in The Galaxy Railways, Mythos in Princess Tutu, Renji Hiiragi in Night Wizard, Cacao in Trouble Chocolate, Moses in Blood+ and Gyro Robo in Machine Robo Rescue. He heads a production company called FreeMarch.
Filmography
Anime
Video games
Dubbing
Mikoto Yutaka in The Day of Revolution
Cubit Foxtar Mega Man Zero 3
Edd (Double D) in Ed, Edd n Eddy (Japanese dub)
Baby Sylvester in Baby Looney Tunes (Japanese dub)
Uwasa no Futari (Hiroshi Akabane)
Drama CDs
References
External links
Official agency profile at Artist Crew
Naoki Yanagi at Ryu's Seiyuu Infos
1996 births
Living people
Male actors from Tokyo
Japanese male voice actors
كبينغفرد (كامبريدجشير)

كبينغفرد (كامبريدجشير)
كبينغفرد هي قرية تقع في المملكة المتحدة في إنجلترا.
انظر أيضاً
قائمة مدن المملكة المتحدة
مراجع
قرى كامبريدجشير
هونتينغدونشير
All About Them

All About Them (French title: À trois on y va) is a 2015 French romantic comedy film directed by Jérôme Bonnell. It stars Anaïs Demoustier, Félix Moati and Sophie Verbeeck.
Plot
Micha and Charlotte are a couple who have recently bought a house near Lille. For the past few months, the two slowly drift apart and Charlotte starts cheating on Micha with their mutual friend Mélodie who works as a lawyer. Little does Charlotte know, Micha also starts cheating on her with the same person, Mélodie. Mélodie ends up falling in love with both of them while she becomes the secret lover of both Micha and Charlotte.
Cast
Anaïs Demoustier as Mélodie
Félix Moati as Micha
Sophie Verbeeck as Charlotte
Patrick d'Assumçao as William
Caroline Baehr as Aunt Estelle
Claire Magnin as Lawyer Courtois
Olivier Broche as The depressive
Laure Calamy as The aggressive
Accolades
References
External links
2015 films
2015 romantic comedy films
2010s French-language films
French romantic comedy films
2015 LGBT-related films
French LGBT-related films
Lesbian-related films
Belgian LGBT-related films
LGBT-related romantic comedy films
Belgian romantic comedy films
Films set in Lille
2010s French films
زيل (مدينة)

زيل (مدينة)
زيل هي مدينة في مقاطعة توكات، تركيا. تقع زيل إلى الجنوب من أماسيا وغرب توكات في شمال وسط تركيا. المدينة لها تاريخ طويل، بما في ذلك الأسقفية السابقة وموقع معركة زيلا مما دفع بعبارة فيني فيدي فيتشي. اليوم المدينة هي مركز للتسويق الزراعي والسياحة.
المراجع
مديريات محافظة توقاد
مواقع رومانية في تركيا
البنطس
مواقع إغريقية في تركيا
أماكن مأهولة في محافظة توقاد
صفحات بترجمات غير مراجعة
سيليا كاسترو

سيليا كاسترو هي رسامة تشيلية، ولدت في 1860 في فالبارايسو في تشيلي، وتوفي بنفس المكان في 19 يونيو 1930.
مراجع
فنانون من فالبارايسو
أشخاص من فالبارايسو
رسامات تشيليات
رسامون تشيليون
رسامون تشيليون في القرن 19
رسامون تشيليون في القرن 20
فنانات القرن 20
فنانات تشيليات في القرن 20
فنانات في القرن 19
فنانون تشيليون في القرن 20
مواليد 1860
وفيات 1930
Murder of Nusrat Jahan Rafi

Murder of Nusrat Jahan Rafi refers to the murder of a 19–year-old Bangladeshi female student who was murdered after reporting her sexual assault by her Madrasa principal to authorities. She was from Feni, Bangladesh. She suffered burns covering over 80% of her body. She died 4 days after her assault on 10 April 2019 at Dhaka Medical College and Hospital's burn unit. She recorded a statement identifying some of her attackers while in transit to the hospital.
History
The principal of Nusrat Rafi's Madrasa, Siraj Ud Doula had given the order to murder her. She had filled a sexual harassment complaint against him. She had been lured to the Madarasa where there was an attempt to convince her to withdraw the complaint. The assailants poured kerosene on her when she refused to withdraw the complaint.
Rafi's murder was investigated by the Police Bureau of Investigation. She made accusations against her murderers on her deathbed which was recorded by the Sonagazi Police Station Officer in Charge Moazzem Hossain. The video was leaked by that police officer to a journalist who spread the video and it went viral. Moazzem was sentenced to eight years imprisonment for his role in the leak of the video.
Aftermath
After her murder, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina announced that the responsible individuals would be prosecuted.
On 29 May 2019, the Police Bureau of Investigation (PBI) stated sixteen individuals, including two politicians, were charged with murdering her. They are: madrassah principal SM Sirajuddowla, Awami League leader Ruhul Amin, Shahadat Hossain Shamim, Nur Uddin, Imran Hossain Mamun, Hafez Abdul Quader, Iftekhar Uddin Rana, Councillor Maksud Alam alias Moksud, Kamrunnahar Moni, Saifur Rahman Mohammad Zobair, Javed, Umme Sultana Popy, Mohiuddin Shakil, Mohammad Shamim, Abdur Rahim Sharif and Absar Uddin
After a fast-tracked trial at the women and children repression prevention tribunal in Feni, on 24 October 2019 all sixteen, including former members of the school's administration (teachers and pupils) found guilty were sentenced to death. As of 2022, the murderers were still awaiting execution.
See also
Murder of Sohagi Jahan Tonu
Border shooting of Felani Khatun
References
2019 murders in Bangladesh
April 2019 crimes in Asia
Deaths by person in Bangladesh
Deaths from fire
Incidents of violence against women
Sex crimes in Asia
Violence against women in Bangladesh
History of Noakhali
Feni District
Sexual abuse scandals in Islam
Paolo Dossena

Paolo Dossena (born 29 January 1942) is an Italian record producer, lyricist, arranger and composer.
Life and career
Born in Parma, Dossena moved to Rome in the early 1960s and started collaborating with RCA Records, soon specializing in producing French artists such as Charles Aznavour, Dalida, Sylvie Vartan and Alain Barrière, often also translating the original lyrics of their songs for their Italian cover versions.
In the early 1970s Dossena founded the label Delta, and produced artists such as Riccardo Cocciante, Antonello Venditti, Francesco De Gregori and Patty Pravo, occasionally also serving as arranger and songwriter. After collaborating with the record company CAM, in 1990 he founded a new label, Compagnia Nuove Indye, also known as CNI Music, which launched groups such as Almamegretta and Agricantus.
Dossena is also active as a film score composer, and his credits include films by Mario Monicelli and Ferzan Özpetek.
References
External links
1942 births
Living people
Musicians from Parma
Italian male songwriters
Italian songwriters
Male songwriters
Italian lyricists
Italian male composers
Italian music arrangers
Italian record producers
Italian film score composers
Italian male film score composers
James Houston Spence

James Houston Spence (September 3, 1867 – February 21, 1939) was a Canadian lawyer and Senator.
Spence was born in Greenock Township, Ontario and attended school in London, Ontario and Walkerton, Ontario. He graduated from Osgoode Hall Law School before being called to the bar. He was elected a Bencher of the Law Society of Upper Canada in 1917, named King's Counsel in 1922 and was the senior partner in the law firm of Spence, Shoemaker and Spence.
He specialized in corporate, commercial and municipal law.
He was active in the Liberal Party of Canada, campaigned on behalf of various Liberal candidates in provincial and federal elections, and was a close friend of Sir Wilfrid Laurier as well as a friend of William Lyon Mackenzie King who appointed him to the Senate in 1928.
Spence served in the Hamilton Regiment from 1890 to 1893. He was also a member of the Masonic Order.
He died at his home in Toronto on February 21, 1939.
References
External links
1867 births
1939 deaths
Canadian senators from Ontario
Liberal Party of Canada senators
Lawyers in Ontario
Canadian people of Scottish descent
Canadian King's Counsel
Dandy's point

Dandy's point
In neurosurgery, Dandy's point is a common entry point for occipital burr hole. Originally described by Walter Dandy in 1918 as a way to perform ventriculography via occipital approach. It is located lateral to the midline and above the inion. The catheter tip is directed toward a point 2 cm above the glabella and passed to a distance of 4 to 5 cm or until CSF is encountered.
References
Human head and neck
Neurosurgery
نيوبتولموس 2260

نيوبتولموس 2260 أو الكويكب 2260، التعين المؤقت له الكويكب 1975WM1. هو كويكب من كويكبات طروادة ينتمي إلى كويكبات معسكر الإغريق اكتشف في سنة 1975. اشتق اسم هذا الكويكب من اسم إحدى الشخصيات الإغريقية في ملحمة الإلياذة لهوميروس.
كباقي كويكبات معسكر الإغريق يقع مداره في النقطة L4 من نقاط لاغرانج وفق نظام الشمس - المشتري. يبلغ القدر المطلق لهذا الكويكب 9.31 ونصف المحور الرئيسي لمداره 5.193 وحدة فلكية. وقد تم رصده 23 مرة حتى شباط/فبراير 2013. الإشارة المرجعية له وفق الملحق الدوري لمدارات الكويكبات هي MPO250221
المراجع
أجرام فلكية اكتشفت في 1975
كواكب صغيرة مرقمة
كواكب صغيرة مسماة
كويكبات بأسماء من الأساطير الإغريقية
كويكبات معسكر الإغريق
دوري موري

دوري موري مواليد ، هو لاعب كرة سلة أمريكي معتزل. بدأ مسيرته الاحترافية في سنة 1966. تم اختياره من قبل فريق ديترويت بيستونز خلال الدرافت. يبلغ طوله . اعتزل اللعب في 1972. أحرز خلال مسيرته في الإن بي إيه 1683 نقطة بمعدل 4.7 نقاط في المباراة الواحدة.
المسيرة الاحترافية
لعب مع ديترويت بيستونز في موسم 1966–1967، ثم لعب مع سياتل سوبرسونيكس من سنة 1967 إلى 1970، ثم لعب مع بورتلاند ترايل بلايزرز في سنة 1970، ثم لعب مع واشنطن ويزاردز من سنة 1970 إلى 1972.
روابط خارجية
مراجع
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أفارقة أمريكيون في القرن 20
أفارقة أمريكيون في القرن 21
رياضيون أمريكيون أفارقة في القرن 20
رياضيون من ديترويت
لاعب الهجوم صغير الجسم (كرة السلة)
لاعبو بالتيمور باليتس (1963–73)
لاعبو ديترويت بيستونز
لاعبو سياتل سوبرسونيكس
لاعبو كرة سلة أمريكيون
لاعبو كرة سلة أمريكيون أفارقة
لاعبو كرة سلة من ديترويت
لاعبو كرة سلة من ميشيغان
لاعبو نادي بورتلاند ترايل بلايزرس
لاعبو هجوم أمامي (كرة السلة)
لاعبو وسط كرة سلة
مواليد 1943
مواليد في ديترويت
جاك سي. هالدمان الثاني

جاك سي. هالدمان الثاني (18 ديسمبر 1941، هوبكينزفيل في الولايات المتحدة - 2002، غينزفيل في الولايات المتحدة)؛ كاتِب ومؤلِّف، عالم أحياء وروائي أمريكي.
المصادر
خريجو جامعة أوكلاهوما
خريجو جامعة جونز هوبكينز
روائيون أمريكيون
روائيون أمريكيون في القرن 20
روائيون من فلوريدا
علماء أحياء القرن 20
علماء أحياء أمريكيون
علماء أحياء أمريكيون في القرن 20
كتاب أمريكيون في القرن 20
كتاب خيال علمي أمريكيون
كتاب من غينزفيل
مواليد 1941
وفيات 2002
Porreres

Porreres is a municipality on Mallorca, one of the Balearic Islands, Spain.
Notable residents
Buenaventura Sitjar, missionary and linguist
References
External links
Porreres.net
Municipalities in Mallorca
Populated places in Mallorca