PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
إليكلومول

إليكلومول
إليسكلومول (نزل,المعروف ايضا باسم STA-4783) هو الدواء الذي يحفز موت الخلايا المبرمج (موت الخلية المبرمج) في السرطان الخلايا. يتم تطويره من قبل سينتا للأدوية وجلاكسو سميث كلاين كمساعد للعلاج الكيميائي، وقد حصل المسار السريع و المخدرات اليتيمة الحالة من إدارة الغذاء والدواء الأمريكية لعلاج النقيلي سرطان الجلد. أعلنت شركة سينتا للأدوية في 26 فبراير 2009 عن تعليق جميع التجارب السريرية التي تنطوي على إليسكلومول بسبب مخاوف تتعلق بالسلامة. في مارس 2010، أعلنت سينتا أن إدارة الغذاء والدواء قد وافقت على استئناف التطوير السريري للإلسكلومول، وأنهم يتوقعون بدء تجربة سريرية واحدة أو أكثر للإلسكلومول في النصف الثاني من العام.
في دراسة صغيرة عشوائية من المرحلة الثانية، تبين ان إليسكلومول يزيد بشكل كبيرمن البقاء على قيد الحياة بدون تقدم في الأشخاص الذين يعانون من سرطان الجلد النقيلي عندما تعطى بالإضافة إلى باكليتاكسيل (تاكسول).
تم الإعلان عن نتائج تجربة المرحلة الثالثة في مارس 2013. توقفت الدراسة عندما تقرر أن إضافة إليسكلومول إلى باكليتاكسيل لم تزيد بشكل كبير من البقاء على قيد الحياة بدون التقدم.
اقترحت الدراسات التي أجريت على النماذج قبل السريرية أن الإليسكلومول قد يكون فعالا في خلايا ساركوما يوينغ ذات المستويات المرتفعة من الإجهاد التأكسدي الخلوي.
آلية العمل
إليسكلومول يحث الإجهاد التأكسدي من خلال إثارة تراكم أنواع الأكسجين التفاعلية داخل الخلايا السرطانية. إليسكلومول يتطلب الأكسدة أيون المعادن النشطة للعمل. مجمع النحاس (إي) هو 34 مرة أكثر قوة من مجمع ني(إي) و 1040 أضعاف أكثر قوة من بت(إي) المعقدة.
اكتشافه
تم تصنيع إليسكلومول لأول مرة في شينوجي بيوريسيرتش في ليكسينغتون، ماساتشوستس. تم اكتشاف فعاليته ضد السرطان من قبل العلماء في أبحاث شيونوجي الحيوية. قال تشن من سينتا:" لقد كانت فرحة الكيميائي الخالص". "محلية الصنع، عشوائية، ومن الواضح أنها مصنوعة بدون غرض معين. كان الوحيد الذي عمل على كل ما حاولنا.”
المراجع
هيدرازيدات
أدوية يتيمة
أدوية مساندة للعلاج الكيميائي
أدوية لم يصنفها نظام التصنيف الكيميائي العلاجي التشريحي
CXCL10

CXCL10
C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) also known as Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) or small-inducible cytokine B10 is an 8.7 kDa protein that in humans is encoded by the CXCL10 gene. C-X-C motif chemokine 10 is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family.
Gene
The gene for CXCL10 is located on human chromosome 4 in a cluster among several other CXC chemokines.
Function
CXCL10 is secreted by several cell types in response to IFN-γ. These cell types include monocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. CXCL10 has been attributed to several roles, such as chemoattraction for monocytes/macrophages, T cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells, promotion of T cell adhesion to endothelial cells, antitumor activity, and inhibition of bone marrow colony formation and angiogenesis.
This chemokine elicits its effects by binding to the cell surface chemokine receptor CXCR3.
Structure
The three-dimensional crystal structure of this chemokine has been determined under 3 different conditions to a resolution of up to 1.92 Å. The Protein Data Bank accession codes for the structures of CXCL10 are and .
Biomarkers
CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 have proven to be valid biomarkers for the development of heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction, suggesting an underlining pathophysiological relation between levels of these chemokines and the development of adverse cardiac remodeling.
Clinical significance
Baseline pre-treatment plasma levels of CXCL10 are elevated in patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) of genotypes 1 or 4 who do not achieve a sustained viral response (SVR) after completion of antiviral therapy. CXCL10 in plasma is mirrored by intrahepatic CXCL10 mRNA, and both strikingly predict the first days of elimination of HCV RNA (“first phase decline”) during interferon/ribavirin therapy for all HCV genotypes. This also applies for patients co-infected with HIV, where pre-treatment IP-10 levels below 150 pg/mL are predictive of a favorable response, and may thus be useful in encouraging these otherwise difficult-to-treat patients to initiate therapy. The pathogen Leishmania major utilizes a protease, GP63, that cleaves CXCL10, implicating CXCL10 in host defense mechanisms of certain intracellular pathogens like Leishmania.
References
External links
Further reading
Cytokines
وارك (الداوريني)

وارك (الداوريني)
وارك هو دُوَّار يقع بجماعة مولاي أحمد الشريف، إقليم الحسيمة، جهة طنجة تطوان الحسيمة في المملكة المغربية. ينتمي الدوّار لمشيخة الداوريني التي تضم 7 دواوير. يقدر عدد سكانه بـ 2964 نسمة حسب الإحصاء الرسمي للسكان والسكنى لسنة 2004.
مراجع
روابط خارجية
البوابة الوطنية للجماعات الترابية
المندوبية السامية للتخطيط
أماكن مأهولة في الداوريني (مولاي أحمد الشريف)
Anne George (writer)

Anne George (writer)
Anne Carroll George (1927-2001) was an American author and poet. A collection of her poetry, Some of it is True (1993, Curbow Publications), was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize in 1993, and her Southern Sisters mystery series was honored with the coveted Agatha Award. She graduated from Samford University
and was Alabama's 1994 state poet and cofounder of Druid Press. George died in 2001 of complications during heart surgery.
Bibliography
Dreamer, Dreaming Me (1980)
Wild Goose Chase (1982)
Spraying Under the Bed for Wolves (1985, Druid Press)
Some of it is True (1993, Curbow Publications)
This One and Magic Life: A Novel of a Southern Family (1999)
The Map that Lies Between Us (2000, Black Belt Press)
Southern Sisters Mysteries
Murder on A Girls' Night Out (1996)
Murder on A Bad Hair Day (1996)
Murder Runs in the Family (1997)
Murder Makes Waves (1997)
Murder Gets A Life (1998)
Murder Shoots the Bull (1999)
Murder Carries A Torch (2000)
Murder Boogies with Elvis (2001)
References
External links
Official Anne George Website
Aunt Sister and The Mouse: an Anne George Fan Site
FantasticFiction - Anne George
1927 births
2001 deaths
20th-century American novelists
20th-century American women writers
Agatha Award winners
American mystery writers
American women novelists
Writers from Montgomery, Alabama
Samford University alumni
Poets from Alabama
Women mystery writers
American women poets
21st-century American women writers
20th-century American poets
Novelists from Alabama
TCF7

TCF7
Transcription factor 7 is the gene that in humans encodes for the TCF1 protein.
References
Further reading
Paul Franklin (visual effects supervisor)

Paul Franklin (visual effects supervisor)
Paul J. Franklin is an English visual effects supervisor who has worked with visual effects since the 1990s. Franklin won the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects and the BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects for Inception (2010), and won a second Academy Award for Best Visual Effects for Interstellar (2014). He shared the wins with Andrew Lockley, Peter Bebb, and Chris Corbould. Franklin has also been nominated for an Academy Award for The Dark Knight (2008). He was nominated for BAFTA Awards for Batman Begins, The Dark Knight (2008), and The Dark Knight Rises (2012).
Background
Franklin was born in Cheshire, England. He was educated at Sandbach School in Cheshire from 1977 to 1984. He attended the South Cheshire College (Crewe), part of the former Mid Cheshire College in Northwich, for a year, and then gained a place at the Ruskin School of Art at Oxford University, where he was a member of St John's College, to study fine art. At Oxford he had his first experience of filmmaking, frequently collaborating with director Ben Hopkins, and began to experiment with the emerging new medium of computer animation. He graduated in 1989. He worked two jobs as a videotape editor and then began a career in computer graphics and animation at Psygnosis (now Studio Liverpool) in the early 1990s. After several years at the Moving Picture Company in London he and a group of colleagues founded the visual effects company Double Negative in 1998 with financing from PolyGram Filmed Entertainment. He headed the 3D effects for Double Negative's first film Pitch Black (2000).
Franklin was an undergraduate external examiner at Bournemouth University for 4 or 5 years and also gave visiting practitioner lectures at BU's Media School. In 2012, he received an honorary degree from Bournemouth.
Filmography
Franklin has been visual effects supervisor for the following films:
Revelation (2001)
Batman Begins (2005)
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2007)
The Dark Knight (2008)
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009)
Inception (2010)
The Dark Knight Rises (2012)
Interstellar (2014)
Venom (2018)
References
External links
Living people
People from Cheshire
Alumni of the Ruskin School of Art
People educated at Sandbach School
Visual effects supervisors
Best Visual Effects Academy Award winners
Best Visual Effects BAFTA Award winners
Year of birth missing (living people)
Thomas Drescher

Thomas Drescher (born 24 November 1978 in Bad Nauheim) is a German former footballer who last played for 1. FC Eschborn. He spent two seasons in the Bundesliga with 1. FC Kaiserslautern.
References
External links
1978 births
Living people
German men's footballers
Rot-Weiss Frankfurt players
1. FC Kaiserslautern players
SV Wacker Burghausen players
SV Elversberg players
SV Eintracht Trier 05 players
Bundesliga players
2. Bundesliga players
Men's association football defenders
People from Bad Nauheim
Footballers from Darmstadt (region)
ميشيل بوفير

ميشيل بوفير هو عالم كيمياء حيوية كندي، ولد في 14 سبتمبر 1958.
مراجع
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة مونتريال
خريجو جامعة مونتريال
كيميائيون حيويون كنديون
مواليد 1958
برزة خوران

برزة خوران هي قرية تقع في قسم نبوت الريفي (مقاطعة إيوان) في إيران. يقدر عدد سكانها بـ 32 نسمة بحسب إحصاء 2016.
انظر أيضاً
قائمة مدن إيران
مراجع
أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة إيوان
Dominique Heinrich

Dominique Heinrich (born July 31, 1990) is an Austrian professional ice hockey defenseman currently playing for EC Red Bull Salzburg in the ICE Hockey League (ICEHL).
Playing career
After 9 seasons within Salzburg's organization, Heinrich left as a free agent in order to pursue an SHL career in Sweden, agreeing to a two-year contract with Örebro HK on April 27, 2016. However, in January 2017, he returned to Salzburg.
He participated at the 2015 IIHF World Championship with the Austrian national team.
References
External links
1990 births
Living people
Austrian ice hockey defencemen
EC Red Bull Salzburg players
Ice hockey people from Vienna
Örebro HK players
Julen Etxabeguren

Julen Etxabeguren Leanizbarrutia (born 7 March 1991) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a centre back for SD Beasain.
Etxabeguren started his career in his native Basque Country with Real Sociedad, but did not break into their first team. He moved to Scotland in 2014 to study and signed for East Fife. After playing for East Fife in Scottish League Two for six months, he signed a contract with Scottish Premiership side Dundee.
Career
Real Sociedad
After coming through the youth system at Real Sociedad, Etxabeguren progressed to their B-team where he was a regular for four years. In the 2013–14 season, he trained with the first team during pre-season and was named in their Champions League squad. He was then affected by injury. Despite being offered a new contract, he decided to give up football.
East Fife
Etxabeguren moved to Scotland to study for a master's degree in electronic engineering at the University of Edinburgh. When he had nearly concluded that course, he considered resuming his football career. Etxabeguren signed for semi-professional club East Fife, playing in Scottish League Two, in December 2014. This was considered a surprising move for a player who had been at a relatively high level. Etxabeguren quickly became a cult hero with the Methil club, with his arrival coinciding with an improvement in the team's form.
Dundee
On 2 June 2015, Dundee confirmed that Etxabeguren had signed a three-year deal with the club and would begin pre-season training in July. He became a regular in the side, featuring in 40 Scottish Premiership matches between July 2015 and March 2017 despite needing surgery on an eye injury in January 2016, but then ruptured his achilles tendon in a match against Partick Thistle which resulted in a seven-month layoff. After returning in October 2017, he only made one appearance from the bench before sustaining a dislocated shoulder. Etxabeguren was released by Dundee at the end of the season.
Career statistics
References
External links
1991 births
Living people
Footballers from Madrid
Footballers from the Basque Country (autonomous community)
Spanish men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Real Sociedad B footballers
East Fife F.C. players
Dundee F.C. players
Real Unión footballers
Segunda División B players
Tercera División players
Scottish Professional Football League players
Spanish expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Scotland
Spanish expatriate sportspeople in Scotland
SD Beasain footballers
باتريشيا دوبوز دونكان

باتريشيا دوبوز دونكان هي فنانة أمريكية، ولدت في 1932.
مراجع
فنانون وفنانات أمريكيون
مواليد 1932
روبرت غوردون (لاعب كرة قدم أمريكية)

روبرت غوردون (لاعب كرة قدم أمريكية)
روبرت غوردون هو لاعب كرة قدم أمريكية ولاعب كرة قدم كندية أمريكي، ولد في 9 يوليو 1968 في ديترويت في الولايات المتحدة.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
لاعبو كرة قدم كندية من ديترويت
رياضيون من ديترويت
لاعبو أمريكيون من كرة القدم الكندية
لاعبو أوتاوا راف ريدرز
لاعبو إدمنتون اسكيموس
لاعبو تورونتو أرغونتس
لاعبو كرة القدم الأمريكية من ديترويت
لاعبو كرة قدم أمريكية من ميشيغان
لاعبو ليونز
لاعبو وينيبيغ بلو بومرز
مدربو الدوري الكندي لكرة القدم
مستقبلون واسعون كرة قدم أمريكية
مستقبلون واسعون كرة قدم كندية
مواليد 1968
محمد يعلى

محمد يعلى أو محمد الحاج يعلى، من مواليد 29 ديسمبر 1929 في تيفرا بولاية بجاية بالجزائر، هو سياسي جزائري، عضو في جبهة التحرير الوطني .
خلال حرب الاستقلال عمل كسفير الحكومة الجزائرية المؤقتة في الصين. عند الاستقلال أصبح والي للجزائر العاصمة وقسنطينة قبل أن يكون مستشارًا لرئاسة مجلس الوزراء في عام 1974، حتى عام 1977 عندما دخل الحكومة.
وظائف
1965 - 1970، محافظ الجزائر
1970 - 1974، والي ولاية قسنطينة
1974 - 1977، مستشار في رئاسة الجمهورية
1977 - 1979، وزير التجارة.
1979 - 1982، وزير المالية.
1982 - 1987، وزير الداخلية .
1988، سفير الاتحاد السوفياتي.
مراجع
سفراء الجزائر لدى الاتحاد السوفيتي
سياسيون جزائريون
مواليد 1348 هـ
مواليد في تيزي وزو
وزراء داخلية الجزائر
وزراء مالية الجزائر
ولاة الجزائر
أندريه بيير

أندريه بيير هو محامي أمريكي، ولد في 1969 في أركاهاي في هايتي.
مراجع
أشخاص من نورث ميامي (فلوريدا)
أفارقة أمريكيون في القرن 20
أفارقة أمريكيون في القرن 21
خريجو معهد نيويورك للتكنولوجيا
ديمقراطيون من ولاية فلوريدا
رؤساء بلديات في فلوريدا
سياسيون أمريكيون من أصل هايتي
محامون أمريكيون
مواليد 1969
هايتيون نازحون إلى الولايات المتحدة
كارل هيلتون

كارل هيلتون هو لاعب كرة قدم أمريكية أمريكي، ولد في 28 فبراير 1964 في غالفستون في الولايات المتحدة.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
لاعبو مينيسوتا فايكنج
مواليد 1964
نهايات ضيقة كرة القدم الأمريكية
Kwame Boateng

Kwame Boateng (born 28 November 1992) is a Ghanaian professional football striker. He currently plays for Karela United.
Club career
Boateng was part of Asante Kotoko coached by a Serbian manager Bogdan Korak. During the summer of 2011, the club went on a tour to Serbia to play a series of friendlies and to try to impress clubs and scouts in Europe. Boateng and Owusu-Ansah Kontor stayed in Serbia and joined Metalac Gornji Milanovac of the Serbian SuperLiga. He made his league debut on September 10, 2011, in a round 4 match against Javor Ivanjica.
International career
On 25 May 2015, Boateng made his debut for the Ghana national football team in a friendly game against Madagascar.
References
1992 births
Living people
Footballers from Accra
Ghanaian men's footballers
Ghana men's international footballers
Ghanaian expatriate men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Asante Kotoko S.C. players
FK Metalac Gornji Milanovac players
Serbian SuperLiga players
Expatriate men's footballers in Serbia
Karela United FC players
Vivian Smith (poet)

Vivian Smith (poet)
Vivian Brian Smith (born 3 June 1933) is an Australian poet. He is considered one of the most lyrical and observant Australian poets of his generation.
Early life
Smith was born in Hobart, Tasmania and studied French at the University of Tasmania from which he graduated with a Master of Arts. He left Tasmania in the late 1950s and has lived since then in Sydney, where he was a longtime professor at the University of Sydney until his retirement in the early 2000s. He returns to Tasmania every year and his poetry is still influenced by the landscape there. Smith has published criticism as well as a bibliography of the work of Patrick White. He has been an advocate of Australian literature and of many individual Australian writers.
Writing career
Smith's first book of poetry, The Other Meaning, was published in 1956 and he has since published eight further collections, among which Tide Country won the New South Wales Premier's Prize for Poetry and the Grace Leven Prize. A key later collection is Along The Line (Salt, 2007). He is a highly respected critic, having produced key studies on Australian literature and contributed much to the growth and sophistication of criticism surrounding Australian poetry. With his fellow poet and great friend, the late Noel Rowe, he published the anthology Windchimes: Asia in Australian Poetry (Pandanus Books 2006).
Awards and recognition
Smith won the Kenneth Slessor Prize for Poetry in 1983 and the Patrick White Award in 1997. He was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities in 1998.
Bibliography
Poetry collections
The Other Meaning (1956)
An Island South (1967)
Familiar Places : Poems (1978)
Tide Country (1982)
Selected Poems (1985)
New Selected Poems (1995)
Late News (2000)
Along the Line (2006)
The Other Side of Things (2008)
Traveller's Tale : And Other Poems (2011)
Here, There and Elsewhere (2012)
Anthologies
Australian Poetry 1969 (1969) edited
Young St Poets Anthology (1981) edited
Quadrant Twenty-Five Years (1982) edited with Lee Shrubb and Peter Coleman
Effects of Light : The Poetry of Tasmania (1985) edited with Margaret Scott
Australian Poetry 1986 : the finest of recent Australian poetry (1986) edited
Australian Poetry 1988 : the finest of recent Australian poetry (1988) edited
Sydney's Poems : A Selection on the Occasion of the City's One Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary 1842-1992 (1992) edited with Robert Gray
Windchimes : Asia in Australian Poetry (2006) edited with Noel Rowe
Non-fiction
The Writing of Novels and Short Stories, [and], James McAuley's Recent Poetry edited with Gavin Casey (1964)
Nettie Palmer : Her Private Journal Fourteen Years, Poems, Reviews and Literary Essays (1988)
References
1933 births
Living people
20th-century Australian poets
University of Tasmania alumni
Academic staff of the University of Sydney
Writers from Hobart
Patrick White Award winners
21st-century Australian poets
Australian male poets
Quadrant (magazine) people
20th-century Australian male writers
21st-century Australian male writers
Fellows of the Australian Academy of the Humanities
Emerson Umaña

Emerson Umaña
Emerson David Umaña Corleto (born November 12, 1981 in San Vicente, El Salvador) is a Salvadoran former professional football midfielder.
Club career
Umaña started his career at hometown club Independiente in the Salvadoran second division before a stint at Dragón in 2001. He then joined another second level team, Telecom, whom he left for top level FAS in 2003. He won three league titles while with FAS and after six years he moved on to Isidro Metapán before signing up with Águila for the 2011 Apertura season.
International career
Umaña made his debut for El Salvador in a February 2005 UNCAF Nations Cup match against Panama and has earned a total of 10 caps, scoring 1 goal. He has represented his country in 3 FIFA World Cup qualification matches and played at the 2005 UNCAF Nations Cup,
His final international game was a July 2008 friendly match against Guatemala.
International goals
Scores and results list El Salvador's goal tally first.
References
1981 births
Living people
People from San Vicente, El Salvador
Men's association football midfielders
Salvadoran men's footballers
El Salvador men's international footballers
C.D. FAS footballers
A.D. Isidro Metapán footballers
C.D. Águila footballers
R. Douglas Stuart

R. Douglas Stuart
Robert Douglas Stuart (January 20, 1886 – January 5, 1975) was a United States businessman who served as United States Ambassador to Canada from 1953 to 1956.
Early life
Stuart was born in Chicago in 1886, the son of Robert Stuart and his wife, Margaret Shearer. In 1899, Stuart's father and his business partner, Henry Parsons Crowell, used a proxy fight to gain control of the American Cereal Company from Ferdinand Schumacher. In 1901, they renamed the company the Quaker Oats Company to take advantage of the brand that had been built up by Crowell's Quaker Mill Company. Stuart's father was thus one of the co-founders of the Quaker Oats Company.
Business
From 1901 to 1921, Robert Stuart had been responsible for managing the Quaker Oats Company's facilities, and Crowell had been responsible for marketing. Douglas Stuart's older brother, John Stuart, was groomed to take over Robert Stuart's responsibilities, while Douglas Stuart trained under Crowell. In 1922, the elder Stuart and Crowell retired, and John and Douglas Stuart took over the day-to-day operations of the company.
Politics
Stuart was active in the Republican Party. His son, R. Douglas Stuart Jr., was the founder of the America First Committee, which opposed United States participation in World War II, in September 1940.
Postwar
After World War II, Stuart took Quaker Oats' marketing in a bold new direction, with Quaker Oats becoming one of the first companies to employ the services of more than one advertising agency.
Besides Quaker Oats, Stuart was active in the community. He was a delegate to the 1952 Republican National Convention. Stuart was also long-time president of the Chicago Council of the Boy Scouts of America.
Ambassador
In 1953, President of the United States Dwight Eisenhower named Stuart United States Ambassador to Canada. Stuart presented his credentials to Vincent Massey, Governor General of Canada, on July 15, 1953. He served in Ottawa until May 4, 1956.
Later life
After serving as ambassador, Stuart returned to Quaker Oats. He retired as chairman of the board in 1962.
In addition to his son, Stuart and his wife had three daughters, one, Anne, who would go on to marry Nebraska politician Clifton Batchelder.
Stuart died at his home in Lake Forest, Illinois on January 5, 1975.
References
Profile from Political Graveyard
Company History from the Quaker Oats website
"R. Douglas Stuart", Chicago Tribune, Jan. 7, 1975
1886 births
1975 deaths
Ambassadors of the United States to Canada
Businesspeople from Chicago
Illinois Republicans
Quaker Oats Company people
20th-century American businesspeople
أوغست كرامر

أوغست كرامر
يوهان بابتيست أوغست كرامر (من مواليد 10 نوفمبر 1860 - وتُوفي في 5 سبتمبر 1912) هو أخصائي أمراض عصبية سويسري-ألماني وطبيب نفسي من مواطني مقاطعة سانت غالن.
حياته
درس كرامر الطب في جامعتي ماربورغ وفرايبورغ، وحصل على شهادة الدكتوراه الطبية في عام 1887. في عام 1889 بدأ العمل في مستشفى للأمراض العقلية في إيبرسوالد، وفي عام 1895 حصل على تأهيله في الطب النفسي من جامعة غوتنغن، حيث أصبح فيما بعد أستاذًا ومديرًا لعيادة الطب النفسي. ساعد كرامر في غوتنغن في تأسيس مؤسسة مركز شباب المحافظة Provinzial-Jugendheim وهي مؤسسة لعلاج وتثقيف الشباب المريض نفسيًا.
مؤلفاته
نشر كرامر العديد من المقالات حول الطب النفسي السريري، وعلم أمراض الدماغ، والتشريح المرضي، والعديد من المجالات الأخرى. وكان من بين كتبه المعروفة أفضل مقالة عن الطب النفسي الشرعي بعنوان «الطب النفسي الشرعي- Gerichtliche Psychiatrie». ودليل الطب الشرعي للأطباء والمحامين، وكتاب لاضطرابات الجهاز العصبي للأطفال الذين شارك في تأليفه مع لودفيغ برونس (1858–1916) وثيودور زيهين (1862–1950) تحت مُسمى دليل الأمراض العصبية عند الأطفال.
مراجع
Pagel: Biographical Dictionary (translated biography)
Child & Adolescent Psychiatry- University of Göttingen
روابط خارجية
أشخاص من كانتون سانت غالن
أطباء نفسيون ألمان
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة غوتنغن
مواليد 1860
وفيات 1912
وفيات في غوتينغن