James B. McGovern Jr.

James B. McGovern Jr.
James Bernard McGovern Jr. (February 4, 1922 – May 6, 1954) was a World War II fighter pilot and later an aviator with the Central Intelligence Agency. He and co-pilot Wallace Buford were the only Americans to die in combat in the First Indochina War. At the time, they were officially employees of Civil Air Transport.
Early life and education
He was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey. After graduating from high school in 1940, he went to work for the Wright Aircraft Engineering Company in Paterson, New Jersey.
Career
World War II
McGovern enlisted in the United States Army Air Corps in May 1942. He served in China in 1944 as part of the 14th Air Force's 118th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, 23rd Fighter Group. The 118th was known for its "Black Lightning" markings on its P-51s that have been carried forward to the C-21s that they fly today as the 118th Airlift Squadron. During this time, he was credited with shooting down four Japanese Zero fighters, and destroying another five on the ground.
The nickname "Earthquake McGoon" was given to McGovern in World War II because the first four letters of his last name, and, like the namesake character in the Li'l Abner comic strip, he was a big man at about and (considered large for a fighter pilot).
Prisoner of Chinese Communists
On December 5, 1949 a plane he was piloting crash landed in Guangxi province. The plane was flying from Hong Kong to Kunming. Its automatic direction finder failed. Additional technical trouble caused a forced landing 180 miles west of Nanning. McGovern and the other passengers were captured by Chinese guerrilla fighters. On January 4, 1950 they reached Nanning and were told they were prisoners. He was later released in May 1950.
Dien Bien Phu
His C-119 Flying Boxcar cargo plane was hit twice by ground fire, first in the port engine, then in the horizontal stabilizer, while parachuting a howitzer to the besieged French garrison at Dien Bien Phu during the First Indochina War. He managed to fly , but just short of a landing strip in Laos, a wingtip clipped a tree. Moments before impact, McGovern was heard to say over his radio, "Looks like this is it, son." McGovern, his co-pilot Wallace Buford, and two French crewmen were killed. Two others were thrown clear; one later died of his injuries. The day after, the garrison at Dien Bien Phu surrendered.
McGovern's skeletal remains were discovered in an unmarked grave in northern Laos in 2002. They were identified in September 2006 by laboratory experts at the U.S. military's Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command. He was interred in Arlington National Cemetery on May 24, 2007.
Legacy
On February 24, 2005, James McGovern was posthumously awarded (along with Buford and six other surviving pilots) the Legion of Honour with the rank of knight (chevalier) by the President of France Jacques Chirac for their actions in supplying Dien Bien Phu during the 57-day siege.
References
Further reading
External links
Vietnam MIA `McGoon' coming home for burial
The Shootdown of Earthquake McGoon
James 'Earthquake McGoon' McGovern Jr. Memorial
McGovern's two victory credits
CAT Pilots to be honored by France
History of 103rd Airlift Wing
Image of the cartoon Earthquake McGoon
1922 births
1954 deaths
United States Army personnel of World War II
Aviators killed by being shot down
Aviators from New Jersey
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Knights of the Legion of Honour
People from Elizabeth, New Jersey
People of the First Indochina War
United States Army officers
Military personnel from New Jersey
American military personnel killed in action