Canastota, New York

Canastota, New York
Canastota is a village located inside the Town of Lenox in Madison County, New York, United States. The population was 4,556 at the 2020 census.
The village was incorporated in 1835, but was reorganized in 1870. Located along the banks of the Erie Canal, which was completed through the Mohawk River valley by 1825, Canastota was a vibrant trading and commercial town during the mid-nineteenth century for a wide agricultural area and an important stop on the in-between the cities of Rome and Syracuse.
Although the section of the canal running through the village was abandoned by the 1920s, much of the section remains intact and is now part of the Old Erie Canal State Historic Park.
The village of Canastota is in the southern part of the Town of Lenox.
History
Native Peoples
Kniste Stota was the historic name of the Canastota, a term used by the local Oneida Nation, meaning "cluster of pines near still waters".
The area that makes up Canastota was once inhabited by people of the Oneida Nation, a member of the Haudenosanee confederacy. The Nation's homelands before European settlement of central New York consisted of more than six million acres from the St. Lawrence River to the Susquehanna River.
Captain Reuben Perkins
The village was originally founded by Captain Reuben Perkins, a veteran of the Revolutionary War who served in the battles of Plattsburgh, Saratoga, and Stony Point. In 1800 Captain Perkins moved his family to a log cabin located on Quality Hill along the Seneca Turnpike. In 1810, Captain Perkins purchased 329 and 2/10 acres of land from the Oneida Nation and permanently settled his family in a cabin on the intersection of what would become James St. and Main St. Perkins later won a contract for the two miles of the Erie Canal through Canastota, and served as its superintendent. In 1814 Perkins sold 100 acres of his land and again in 1832, he sold his remaining land holdings.
The Erie Canal
Construction of the Erie Canal through Canastota began in 1817. As the historic waterway was opened, from 1819 through 1825 it caused a surge of growth and development in the area. Workers and their employers soon moved their families to the area and eventually schools, businesses, and religious organizations sprung up.
As soon as this section of the canal was opened, a line of packets was established, making regular trips between Syracuse and Utica, stopping at all intermediate towns. Trade sprang up at once between Canastota and other villages, making it one of the foremost villages in central New York. The first post office was established in 1829 with Ichabod S. Spencer as postmaster, and by 1831 there were three public houses, three stores and a hatter business in the village and the population totaled 406.
When the canal was superseded by the construction of railroads, and later the New York Thruway, some canal towns were cut off from the main lines of commerce.
Liberty Party National Convention
On the first and second days of September, 1852, the national convention of the Liberty Party was held at the Dutch Reformed Church in Canastota. Much of the conventions business was to hear reports from delegates regarding the attitude towards the abolition of slavery in their respective areas. Among the speakers and attendees were Frederick Douglass, Gerrit Smith, and Jermain Wesley Loguen. Later debate during the convention focused on whether the party should nominate its own presidential candidate or if they should support the nomination of the Free Democracy Party.
The 170th anniversary of the convention was celebrated in 2022, attended by representatives from the Village of Canastota, the Town of Lenox, and the William G. Pomeroy foundation. A marker was placed as a dedication to the convention on the site where it was held.
The Terrible Fire of 1873
On Sunday, October 26, 1873, a fire started in a hay barn located to the east of the village. Some sixty tons of hay and the barn it was stored in burned completely.
Just after 1:30am the following morning, another fire was discovered in a small barn on Spencer St. which soon spread to the Eagle Hotel and other surrounding dwellings and businesses. Urged forward by fierce winds, the fire soon raged through several blocks, leaving smoldering ruins in its wake. In total, over thirty buildings were completely destroyed.
No deaths were reported in the next days edition of the Canastota Herald, though many were reported to have sustained serious burns to their faces and hands as they worked tirelessly to retrieve personal items and other goods from the burning buildings. Many of the early records of the village were lost in this fire.
The Herald later reported that in a letter to the Relief Committee, Gerrit Smith wrote, "Let not Canastota despair. She has still more left than she has lost. She has the sympathies and prayers of her fellowman left; above all, the loving God is left to her." Mr. Smith enclosed his letter with a check for $1000.
1908 New York To Paris Race
The 1908 Race from New York to Paris travelled directly through Canastota.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,425 people, 1,872 households, and 1,173 families residing in the village. The population density was . There were 1,994 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the village was 97.31% White, 0.93% African American, 0.38% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 0.38% from other races, and 0.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.13% of the population.
There were 1,872 households, out of which 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.9% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.3% were non-families. 32.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.96.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 25.3% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 17.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.7 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $34,155, and the median income for a family was $43,049. Males had a median income of $31,296 versus $24,047 for females. The per capita income for the village was $16,324. About 10.0% of families and 14.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.5% of those under age 18 and 19.8% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
The presence of fertile soils made Canastota an agricultural center in Central New York and a source of vegetables for the region. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, many Italian families immigrated here to become tenant farmers and landowners. The village was sometimes referred to as the onion capital of the world, and onions once accounted for a large portion of the village income.
During the 1850s, Charles Spencer constructed compound microscopes and achromatic objective microscopes. Robert Tolles became his partner. The manufacturing operation moved elsewhere following the fire of 1873.
Herman Casler of Canastota invented the Biograph, an early motion picture machine. The first showing of movies using of the biograph occurred at the Bruce Opera House in Canastota. In 1904, Harry D. Weed invented the Tire chain, and patented his invention while working for the Marvin and Casler Machine Shop in Canastota.
Arts and culture
There are 16 sites in Canastota listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Canastota has produced two world boxing champions, Carmen Basilio and Billy Backus, and is the location of the International Boxing Hall of Fame.
Notable people
Billy Backus, former World Welterweight Champion
Carmen Basilio, former World Welterweight and Middleweight Champion
Milton De Lano, former US Congressman
Edmund Giambastiani, admiral of US Navy
Margaret Shulock, cartoonist
See also
Canistota, South Dakota.
Chad Hanna
References
External links
Village of Canastota, New York
Canastota Public Library Digital Collection on New York Heritage
Villages in New York (state)
Syracuse metropolitan area
Populated places established in 1835
Villages in Madison County, New York
1835 establishments in New York (state)