Leiderdorp

Leiderdorp is a town and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland near the city of Leiden. It had a population of in .
The municipality covers an area of of which is water. Leiderdorp has now become a suburb of the city of Leiden, although the Oude Rijn (Old Rhine) river and the Zijl river separate the two. The HSL-Zuid high-speed rail line between Amsterdam and Brussels crosses Leiderdorp in a tunnel.
It is one of the oldest towns in South Holland province and was a base for the Spanish army in the Eighty Years' War.
History
Excavations have shown that as early as during the Iron Age in the area of current day Leiderdorp hunters and fishers roamed around and lived on the dry places around the river.
Roman Period
The Rhine, which passes through Leiderdorp, functioned as the Northern border of the Roman Empire. Close to Leiderdorp, the Romans built a fort, Matilo. Around the fall of the Western Roman Empire the Romans retreated from the area.
Middle Ages
During the middle ages, the first permanent settlement appeared. The Rhine served as a connection between the sea and the hinterland, and there is evidence of trade taking place. During the late Middle Ages three castles were built in Leiderdorp, Huis ter Zijl (1260), Huis ter Does (around 1300) and Huis Berendrecht (around 1420).
In 1396 the Augustinian monastery Engelendael was founded. The monks copied books, cared for the sick and worked the fields. The monastery was abandoned in 1574, but its legacy is still present as the arterial road of Leiderdorp is called Engelendaal.
Eighty Years' War
In 1492 the first bridge crossing the Rhine was built. In 1514 Leiderdorps population had grown to 500. During the Siege of Leiden Leiderdorp was the headquarters of the Spanish General Francisco de Valdez, who ultimately failed to capture the city. In 1620 the Protestant Dorpskerk (town church) is constructed. The Dorpskerk celebrated its 400th anniversary in 2020 with a series of concerts and exhibitions.
1700-1940
From 1597 till 1795 Leiden had administrative rights over Leiderdorp, which led to the town becoming even more dependent on the larger city. In 1795 Leiderdorp decreases in size as the neighbouring Leiden expands. A rope factory was constructed in 1806, and in 1862 the first school was established on the Hoofdstraat (main street). A shipyard was constructed in 1877, and in 1915 social housing designed by famous Dutch architect Willem Marinus Dudok was erected.
Second World War
During the Second World war a bunker was constructed in the neighbouring fields, and a pen factory and community centre were destroyed to make way for it. The spires of one of the churches was used as a sniper's nest.
Notable residents
The Reverend Pierre Jacques Smit (1863 – 1960) an illustrator at the British Natural History Museum
Gerrit de Blanken (1894 – 1961) a Dutch potter
Armin van Buuren (born 1976) trance music producer and DJ, lived in Leiderdorp
Carice van Houten (born 1976) a Dutch actress and singer
Thomas Erdbrink (born 1976) chief of the Tehran Bureau of The New York Times
Dennis Leeflang (born 1979) a Dutch rock drummer, currently lives in Los Angeles
Thomas Azier (born 1987) electro-pop singer and musician
Robert de Hoog (born 1988) a Dutch actor
Daphne Groeneveld (born 1994) a Dutch model
Sport
Marcel Vonk (born 1974) poker player and academic researcher in string theory
Sylvia Karres (born 1976) a retired field hockey player, team silver medallist at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Femke Dekker (born 1979) a Dutch rower, team silver medallist at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Taeke Taekema (born 1980) a Dutch field hockey player, team silver medallist at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Noeki Klein (born 1983) women's water polo player, team gold medallist at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Regina Bruins (born 1986) professional cyclist, lives in Leiderdorp
Ted Jan Bloemen, (born 1986) Dutch-Canadian long track speed skater, gold medallist at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Jens Toornstra (born 1989) a Dutch footballer with 300 club caps
Ilse Paulis (born 1993) a Dutch rower, team gold medallist at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Jeroen Kampschreur (born 1999) a Dutch paralympic skier
Matthijs de Ligt (born 1999) professional footballer, 23 caps with the Netherlands national team
Noussair Mazraoui (born 1997) professional footballer.
Twin towns
Until 2013 Leiderdorp was twinned with
Gallery
See also
Zijl
References
External links
Municipalities of South Holland
Populated places in South Holland