1094

1094
Year 1094 (MXCIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
Spring – Emperor Alexios I (Komnenos) sends a Byzantine expeditionary force under General Tatikios to Nicaea, in an attempt to re-capture the city from the Seljuk Turks. However, the arrival of Barkiyaruq's army en route stops the Byzantines. Alexios sends reinforcements; short of supplies, the Seljuk Turks retreat. Abu'l-Qasim, Seljuk governor of Nicaea, is defeated and forced to conclude a truce with Alexios.
Europe
May
Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar (El Cid) completes his conquest of Valencia in Al-Andalus (modern Spain). He begins his rule (in the name of King Alfonso VI) of Valencia. The Almoravid campaign to regain the city fails.
Duncan II (son of the late King Malcolm III) invades England at the head of an army of Norman knights from Scotland, aided by his half-brother Edmund. He succeeds his uncle, King Donald III (the Fair), as ruler of Scotland.
July 28 – William Bertrand dies, and his margravial title of Provence is inherited by Raymond IV (Saint-Gilles), who becomes count of Toulouse (until 1105).
November 12 – King Donald III mobilizes his army and kills Duncan II in battle in the Lowlands. He re-takes the Scottish throne, Edmund sides with Donald as co-ruler and is named as heir as he has no children.
Fatimid Egypt
After the death of Caliph al-Mustansir Billah, his son-in-law and vizier Al-Afdal declares al-Musta'li, a younger son of al-Mustansir, in a coup d'état as new Caliph. Al-Mustansir's designated heir, Nizar, flees to Alexandria.
Eastern Islamic world
Sultan Mahmud I dies after a 2-year reign. He is succeeded by his brother Barkiyaruq (one of the Seljuk prince who claim the throne) as ruler of the Seljuk Empire.
Caliph of Baghdad, al-Muqtadi died on 3 February 1094 and he was succeeded by his nominated heir Ahmad (al-Mustazhir).
By topic
Religion
May 15 – The Cathedral of St. Agatha in Catania (Sicily) is consecrated by the Breton abbot Ansger.
October 8 – Doge Vitale Faliero consecrates the new Basilica of San Marco in Venice.
King Ladislaus I of Hungary founds a diocese (alongside the bishop's see) in Zagreb.
Al-Musta'li becomes the nineteenth imam of Musta'li Ismailism
Births
January 14 – Eudokia Komnene, Byzantine princess (d. 1129)
Abd al-Mu'min, Almohad caliph (approximate date)
Ibn Zuhr (or Avenzoar), Moorish physician (d. 1162)
Malachy, Irish archbishop and saint (d. 1148)
Richard d'Avranches, 2nd Earl of Chester (d. 1120)
Yelü Dashi, founder of the Qara Khitai (d. 1143)
Deaths
January 10 – Al-Mustansir Billah, Fatimid caliph (b. 1029)
February 3
Al-Muqtadi, Abbasid caliph (b. 1056)
Teishi, Japanese empress (b. 1013)
June 2 – Nicholas the Pilgrim, Italian shepherd (b. 1075)
June 4 – Sancho V, king of Aragon and Pamplona
July 28 – William Bertrand, margrave of Provence
October 14
Bertha of Holland, French queen
Fujiwara no Nobunaga, Japanese nobleman (b. 1022)
November 12 – Duncan II, king of Scotland
Abu Ali Fana-Khusrau, Buyid nobleman
Al-Bakri, Moorish historian and geographer
Aq Sunqur al-Hajib, Seljuk sultan of Aleppo
Badr al-Jamali, Fatimid vizier and statesman
Isaac Albalia, Andalusian Jewish astronomer (b. 1035)
Jonathan I, Italo-Norman count of Carinola
Mahmud I, sultan of the Seljuk Empire
Michael of Avranches, Italian bishop
Roger de Beaumont, Norman nobleman
Roger de Montgomery, Norman nobleman
Terken Khatun, Seljuk empress and regent
William Fitzeustace, Norman nobleman
Wulfnoth Godwinson, English nobleman
References