PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
Rainbow gravity theory

Rainbow gravity theory
Rainbow gravity (or "gravity's rainbow") is a theory that different wavelengths of light experience different gravity levels and are separated in the same way that a prism splits white light into the rainbow. This phenomenon would be imperceptible in areas of relatively low gravity, such as Earth, but would be significant in areas of extremely high gravity, such as a black hole. As such the theory claims to disprove that the universe has a beginning or Big Bang, as the big bang theory calls for all wavelengths of light to be impacted by gravity to the same extent. The theory was first proposed in 2003 by physicists Lee Smolin and João Magueijo, and claims to bridge the gap between general relativity and quantum mechanics. Scientists are currently attempting to detect rainbow gravity using the Large Hadron Collider.
Background
Rainbow gravity theory's origin is largely the product of the disparity between general relativity and quantum mechanics. More specifically, "locality," or the concept of cause and effect that drives the principles of general relativity, is mathematically irreconcilable with quantum mechanics. This issue is due to incompatible functions between the two fields; in particular, the fields apply radically different mathematical approaches in describing the concept of curvature in four-dimensional space-time. Historically, this mathematical split begins with the disparity between Einstein's theories of relativity, which saw physics through the lens of causality, and classical physics, which interpreted the structure of space-time to be random and inherent.
The prevailing notion about cosmic change is that the universe is expanding at a constantly accelerating rate; moreover, it is understood that as one traces the universe's history backwards one finds that it was, at one point, far denser. If true, the Rainbow gravity theory prohibits a singularity such as that which is postulated in the Big Bang. This indicates that, when viewed in reverse, the universe slowly approaches a point of terminal density without ever reaching it, implying that the universe does not possess a point of origin.
Criticism
There are stringent constraints on energy-dependent speed-of-light scenarios. Based on these, Sabine Hossenfelder has strongly criticised the rainbow gravity concept, stating that "It is neither a theory nor a model, it is just an idea that, despite more than a decade of work, never developed into a proper model. Rainbow gravity has not been shown to be compatible with the standard model. There is no known quantization of this approach and one cannot describe interactions in this framework at all. Moreover, it is known to lead to non-localities which are ruled out already. For what I am concerned, no papers should get published on the topic until these issues have been resolved."
See also
Steady-state model
Eternal inflation
Cyclic model
References
Physical cosmology
Astrophysics theories
Theories of gravity
Setepenre (princess)

Setepenre (princess)
Setepenre or Sotepenre ("chosen of Re") was an ancient Egyptian princess of the 18th Dynasty; sixth and last daughter of Pharaoh Akhenaten and his chief queen Nefertiti.
Family
Setepenre was born around the 9th to 11th year of her father Akhenaten in the city of Akhetaten. She had five older sisters named Meritaten, Meketaten, Ankhesenpaaten, Neferneferuaten Tasherit, and Neferneferure.
Life
One of the earliest depictions of Setepenre is in a fresco from the King's House in Amarna. She is depicted sitting on her mother Nefertiti's lap. The fresco is much damaged and only a small hand of Setepenre remains. The fresco is dated to ca. year 9 of Akhenaten, and the entire family is depicted.
The next time the six princesses appeared together was in Year 12, on the eighth day of the second month of winter, during the so-called “reception of foreign tributes”. This event was depicted in the Amarna tombs of Meryre II and Huya. In the tomb of Meryre II, Akhenaten and Nefertiti are shown seated in a kiosk, receiving tribute from foreign lands. The daughters of the royal couple are shown standing behind their parents. Setepenre is the last daughter in the lower register. She is standing right behind her sister Neferneferure, who is holding a gazelle. Setepenre is shown reaching over to pet the gazelle.
Death and burial
On Wall C in Room of the Royal Tomb of Akhenaten the names of five princesses are listed, that of Neferneferure is plastered over and only four of the princesses are depicted. This probably means that Setepenre predeceased Neferneferure, and it is likely that Setepenre died around Year 13 or 14, before she reached her sixth birthday. Since she is not shown on Wall B in Room , where the royal family mourns the death of the second princess Meketaten, it is likely that she predeceased Meketaten as well, perhaps before the construction of the royal tomb was advanced enough to allow burial. She was possibly the first of the princesses to die. It is possible that her body was later moved to Room of the Royal Tomb.
References
Princesses of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
14th-century BC Egyptian women
Children of Akhenaten
Nefertiti
Royalty who died as children
هارولد اندروز (لاعب كرة قدم)

هارولد اندروز (لاعب كرة قدم)
هارولد اندروز (13 أغسطس 1903 بلنكولن في المملكة المتحدة - 1 أغسطس 1988) هو لاعب كرة قدم بريطاني (وحمل سابقاً جنسية المملكة المتحدة لبريطانيا العظمى وأيرلندا) في مركز الهجوم. لعب مع نادي بارنسلي ونادي لوتون تاون ونوتس كاونتي ولينكولن سيتي أف سي و.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إنجليز
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
لاعبو كرة قدم مركز جناح وسط
رياضيون من لنكولن (إنجلترا)
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الإنجليزي
لاعبو كرة قدم إنجليز
لاعبو لتن تاون
لاعبو لينكولن سيتي أف سي
لاعبو نادي بارنسلي
لاعبو نوتس كاونتي
مواليد 1903
وفيات 1988
لاعبو كرة قدم من لنكولن (إنجلترا)
داماد محمود جلال الدين باشا

داماد محمود جلال الدين باشا (ولد في إسطنبول 1853م - وتوفي في بروكسل 17 ديسمبر 1903م) هو رجل دولة عثماني، وشاعر وكاتب.
والده هو أمير البحر العثماني داماد خليل رفعت باشا الكرجي، وأمه هي عصمت خانم. عمل في شبابه في سفارة الدولة العثمانية في مدينة باريس، ثم شغل منصب وزير العدلية وظل يشغله زهاء ثمانية أشهر. وفي ديسمبر 1899م فرّ محمود باشا مع ابنيه الأمير صباح الدين ولطف الله. وهناك من يذكر أن سبب الخلاف بين محمود باشا والسلطان عبد الحميد الثاني كان حول مسألة منح امتياز خط سكة حديد بغداد لألمانيا، فقد كان محمود باشا يفضل إنجلترا إلا أنه لم يستطع إقناع السلطان بذلك، فقرر بعدها الرحيل مع ابنيه. تزوج محمود باشا السلطانة سنيحة بنت السلطان عبد المجيد الأول وأخت السلطان عبد الحميد الثاني، وكان لديهما ابنين هما الأمير صباح الدين ولطف الله.
حياته
وُلد محمود باشا عام 1853م في مدينة إسطنبول العثمانية، والده هو داماد خليل رفعت باشا الجورجي، ووالدته هي عصمت خانم. عمل في شبابه في سفارة الدولة العثمانية في مدينة باريس. وتزوج محمود باشا من السلطانة سنيحة بنت السلطان عبد المجيد الأول، وكان لديهما ابنان هما الأمير صباح الدين ولطف الله.
هروبه إلى أوروبا
في ديسمبر 1899م فرَّ داماد محمود باشا مع ابنيه الأمير صباح الدين والأمير لطف الله. ويُذكر أن سبب الخلاف بين محمود باشا والسلطان عبد الحميد الثاني كان حول مسألة منح امتياز خط سكة حديد بغداد لألمانيا، فقد كان محمود باشا يفضل إنجلترا، إلا أنه لم يستطع إقناع السلطان بذلك، فقرر بعدها الرحيل مع ابنيه. وكان هروب محمود باشا مع ابنيه خيانة للسلطان عبد الحميد الثاني حيث أن المعارضين خرجوا من قصره. وفور مغادرة محمود باشا إلى مصر ظل السلطان عبد الحميد الثاني يطلب من الخديوي عباس حلمي الثاني إعادتهم إلى إسطنبول أو إخراجهم من مصر على الأقل ودارت بينهما مكاتبات كثيرة حول هذا الشأن.
العفو عنه
أصدر السلطان عبد الحميد الثاني عفواً أكثر من مرة عن محمود باشا وابنيه. وقام الخديوي بإرسال «أحمد شفيق باشا» إلى محمود باشا ليخبره بالعفو الصادر من السلطان فوافق محمود باشا على ذلك إلا أن ابنيه رفضا الرجوع قبل إدخال إصلاحات في الدولة، وكان محمود باشا يخاف من العودة وحده. وفي 10 أبريل 1900م طلب محمود باشا مقابلة أحمد شفيق باشا وأخبره أنه لا يرغب بالعودة إلى إسطنبول، وقام بعدها بالسفر إلى فرنسا.
روابط خارجية
مراجع
سياسيو جمعية الاتحاد والترقي
عثمانيون كرجيون
مواليد 1853
مواليد في إسطنبول
وفيات 1903
برنهارد لارسون

برنهارد لارسون هو لاعب رماية سويدي، ولد في 14 أغسطس 1879 في أوربرو في السويد، وتوفي في 1 أغسطس 1947 في ستوكهولم في السويد.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
حائزون على ميداليات في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1912
رماة أولمبيون من السويد
رماة في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1912
رياضيون من أوربرو
سويديون فازوا بالميدالية البرونزية الأولمبية
سويديون في القرن 19
سويديون في القرن 20
فائزون بميداليات أولمبية في الرماية
فائزون بميداليات ذهبية أولمبية من السويد
لاعبو رماية سويديون
مواليد 1879
وفيات 1947
Emma Jones (journalist)

Emma Jones (journalist)
Emma Jones (born 23 May 1975) is a Welsh journalist.
Education
She attended Mold Alun School and Staffordshire University.
Career
She joined the Evening Leader newspaper in her home town of Mold.
Jones worked on a variety of stories, from hard news to showbiz at the Sunday Mirror, then The Mail On Sunday and The Sun. She worked as editor of Smash Hits magazine in 2001, but returned to The Sun in 2002 to become its youngest columnist. Jones was twice nominated for the UK Press Gazette Young Journalist of the Year Award, and the then editor of The Sun David Yelland described her as "the brightest young female voice in Britain".
On 28 July 2018 Jones published her first novel Supernova Hangover.
Broadcast media
Jones was a regular contributor to radio and TV, twice co-presenting the National TV Awards for ITV2 with Tess Daly.
References
1975 births
Living people
Alumni of Staffordshire University
Daily Mail journalists
Daily Mirror people
People from Mold, Flintshire
The Sun (United Kingdom) people
Welsh journalists
Welsh women journalists
People educated at Alun School, Mold
بيتر دانيال برون

بيتر دانيال برون هو محامي وقاضي وسياسي دنماركي، ولد في 18 ديسمبر 1796، وتوفي في 7 يونيو 1864.
مراجع
مواليد 1796
وفيات 1864
محامون دنماركيون في القرن 19
Doug Friedman

Doug Friedman (born September 1, 1971) is an American former professional ice hockey player who played in the American Hockey League (AHL) with two brief stints in the National Hockey League (NHL). Known as an enforcer, Friedman racked up over 1,400 penalty minutes in just under 500 games in the AHL/IHL. He played four years with Boston University in NCAA Division I before beginning his professional career with the Cornwall Aces of the AHL. He was the only player taken from Edmonton in the 1998 NHL Expansion Draft. He finished his career with the Worcester IceCats of the AHL in 2001.
Career
Friedman was selected in the eleventh round of the 1991 NHL Entry Draft, 222nd overall, by the Quebec Nordiques. During the 1993–94 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey season Friedman was voted captain of the Terriers. Friedman had two brief NHL stints, in the 1997–98 and 1998–99 with the Edmonton Oilers and Nashville Predators, primarily as an enforcer.
Following his playing career, Friedman transitioned into coaching. From 2014 to 2018, Friedman was the athletic director of the college-preparatory school Kents Hill and coached the school's ice hockey team. In 2018, Friedman was named the head coach of the United States Premier Hockey League (USPHL) team Twin City Thunder based in Auburn, Maine, and later became the head coach of their National Collegiate Development Conference (NCDC) team. In June 2021, he joined the Danbury Jr. Hat Tricks as head coach of their North American 3 Hockey League (NA3HL) team, but then left the organization a month later for his alma mater as director of hockey operations at Boston University.
Personal life
Friedman grew-up in Cape Elizabeth, Maine. He is married with three children and lives in Readfield, Maine.
Career statistics
References
External links
1971 births
Living people
American men's ice hockey left wingers
Boston University alumni
Boston University Terriers men's ice hockey players
Cornwall Aces players
Edmonton Oilers players
Hamilton Bulldogs (AHL) players
Hershey Bears players
Ice hockey players from Connecticut
Ice hockey people from Maine
Jewish ice hockey players
Kentucky Thoroughblades players
Milwaukee Admirals (IHL) players
Nashville Predators players
People from Cape Elizabeth, Maine
Sportspeople from Cumberland County, Maine
Sportspeople from Greenwich, Connecticut
Quebec Nordiques draft picks
Worcester IceCats players
نهائي كأس تركيا 2008

نهائي كأس تركيا 2008 هي المباراة النهائية من منافسة كأس تركيا 2007–08، أقيمت المباراة في 2008، في ملعب بورصا أتاتورك، بين فريقي كايسري سبور، وغنتشلربيرليغي، وفاز فيها كايسري سبور، بعد أن هزم غنتشلربيرليغي، بنتيجة 0 - 0، وحضر المباراة 17000 شخصاً.
تفاصيل المباراة
لعبت المباراة النهائية في 2008.
انظر أيضًا
كأس تركيا 2007–08
مراجع
كأس تركيا
كرة القدم التركية في 2007–08
مباريات غنتشلربيرليغي
مباريات كايسري سبور
مباريات كرة قدم حسمت بالضربات الترجيحية
نهائيات كأس تركيا
إليفاليه وليامز بليس

إليفاليه وليامز بليس هو شخصية أعمال أمريكي، ولد في 12 أبريل 1836 في في الولايات المتحدة، وتوفي في 21 يوليو 1903 في بروكلين في الولايات المتحدة.
مراجع
أصحاب أعمال أمريكيون في القرن 19
مواليد 1836
مؤسسو شركات أمريكيون
وفيات 1903
Yevgeni Bashkirov

Yevgeni Bashkirov
Yevgeni Olegovich Bashkirov (born 6 July 1991) is a Russian professional footballer who plays as a defensive and central midfielder for Finnish club VPS.
Career
Bashkirov is a graduate of the Zenit football academy. He then played at Zenit Saint Petersburg youth team.
He made his professional debut for FC Tom Tomsk on 26 September 2012 in the Russian Cup game against PFC CSKA Moscow.
On 31 January 2019, he signed a 1.5-year contract with Rubin Kazan. On 24 February 2020, his contract with Rubin was terminated by mutual consent.
On 26 February 2020, he signed with Polish club Zagłębie Lubin until the end of June 2020 with an extension option. Having made no appearances since September 2021 due to injuries, and with less than three months left on his contract, Bashkirov left Zagłębie by mutual consent on 12 April 2022.
On 10 March 2023, Bashkirov signed a two-year contract with VPS in Finland.
Honours
Individual
Veikkausliiga Team of the Year: 2023
References
External links
Player page on the official FC Tom Tomsk website
1991 births
Footballers from Saint Petersburg
Living people
Russian men's footballers
Russia men's youth international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
FC Zenit Saint Petersburg players
FC Tom Tomsk players
PFC Krylia Sovetov Samara players
FC Rubin Kazan players
Zagłębie Lubin players
Vaasan Palloseura players
Russian Premier League players
Ekstraklasa players
Russian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Poland
Russian expatriate sportspeople in Poland
Expatriate men's footballers in Finland
Russian expatriate sportspeople in Finland
Ernesto Mejía Sánchez

Ernesto Mejía Sánchez (Masaya, Nicaragua, 1923 - Mérida, Mexico, 1985) was a Nicaraguan author and poet. He took his doctoral degree in Madrid and, for several years was a professor at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. His first work was Romances y Corridos Nicaragüenses, a compilation of stories, which was published in Mexico in 1946.
He was a political adversary of Somoza. For that reason, he wrote a book of political poetry in 1950. This work launched his career as a poet. Together with Carlos Martinez Rivas, Pablo Antonio Cuadra y Ernesto Cardenal, he became part of what was called the "Generation of 1940".
In addition to being a poet, he was known as an expert on the work of Rubén Darío. In 1983, he edited an edition of Darío's complete stories and, in 1985, his complete poetry.
In 1971, he became Doctor Honoris Causa at the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua and, a year later, received the Xavier Villaurrutia Award. In 1980, he was appointed Nicaragua's ambassador to Spain and, afterwards, to Argentina. That same year, he was awarded the Alfonso Reyes International Prize.
Selected works
Ensalmos y Conjuros, Cuadernos Americanos (1947)
La Carne Contigua (1948)
El Retorno (1950)
Contemplaciones Europeas, Ministry of Culture (1957)
Estelas/Homenajes (1971)
Recolección a Mediodía, Conaculta (2010)
References
External links
Poéticas: A selection of his poetry
Ernesto Mejía Sanchez recorded at the Library of Congress for the Hispanic Division’s audio literary archive on Oct. 7, 1960
20th-century Nicaraguan poets
Nicaraguan male poets
Nicaraguan academics
Nicaraguan diplomats
1923 births
1985 deaths
Ambassadors of Nicaragua to Spain
Ambassadors of Nicaragua to Argentina
20th-century male writers
Academic staff of the National Autonomous University of Mexico
Nicaraguan expatriates in Mexico
WCW/nWo Revenge

WCW/nWo Revenge is a professional wrestling video game released in 1998 for the Nintendo 64 game console. It is the sequel to 1997's WCW vs. nWo: World Tour. Like its predecessor, Revenge features AKI's proprietary grappling system; as well as heavily improved graphics, a championship mode, and a large roster of wrestlers (real and fictional).
Revenge gained critical praise and tremendous commercial success. According to a 1999 article by IGN, Revenge was the best-selling wrestling game for the N64 console, and at the time, was the top selling third-party Nintendo game ever.
Revenge was the last AKI-developed WCW game for the Nintendo 64. The next AKI wrestling game released for the console, WWF WrestleMania 2000, sported THQ's newly acquired World Wrestling Federation license.
Background
The Revenge grappling system is part of what ensured the game's success and popularity. The system was simple to learn and allowed for a variety of moves to be performed depending on the character. The graphics were improved from World Tour, and many new features were introduced to expand the popular series.
Reception
WCW/nWo Revenge surpassed the success of its predecessor, World Tour. Within a month, it became the highest selling console game in North America. Like its predecessor, Revenge also won "Console Fighting Game of the Year" by the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences at the 2nd Annual Interactive Achievement Awards, marking the second consecutive year an AKI/THQ title achieved the honor. It would quickly reach Player's Choice status and become heavily responsible for THQ's profits in late 1998 and '99, eventually selling 1.88 million copies in the US and ranking substantially among the best-selling N64 games.
Next Generation rated it four stars out of five and commented that the full exhibitionist phenomenon of professional wrestling was better presented in Revenge than in other similar titles.
Revenge'''s main competition that year was WWF War Zone by Acclaim, based on WCW's rival promotion, the World Wrestling Federation. Due to War Zone being delayed into 1998 Bret Hart and "The British Bulldog" Davey Boy Smith make appearances in both titles (both men having departed from WWF in late 1997).
The game achieved critical favor for its numerous improvements on World Tour. Matt Casamassina of IGN commented that Revenge is better than World Tour in terms of gameplay, graphics, wrestler roster, atmosphere, controls and the ability to play the game with four players. In IGN's 2008 "History of Wrestling Games" article, Rus McLaughlin also commended Revenge for its expanded roster, authentic venues, and "style to burn".
See also
List of licensed wrestling video games
Virtual Pro Wrestling''
References
1998 video games
Asmik Ace Entertainment games
Nintendo 64 games
Nintendo 64-only games
Syn Sophia games
THQ games
World Championship Wrestling video games
Video game sequels
Video games developed in Japan
Professional wrestling games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Arp 240

Arp 240 is a pair of interacting spiral galaxies located in the constellation Virgo. The two galaxies are listed together as Arp 240 in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies. The galaxy on the right is known as NGC 5257, while the galaxy on the left is known as NGC 5258. Both galaxies are distorted by the gravitational interaction, and both are connected by a tidal bridge, as can be seen in images of these galaxies.
One supernova has been observed in NGC 5258: SN 2020dko (type Ia, mag. 19).
References
External links
Unbarred spiral galaxies
Intermediate spiral galaxies
Peculiar galaxies
Interacting galaxies
Luminous infrared galaxies
Virgo (constellation)
NGC objects
08641
48330
240
برنك (كامبريدجشير)

برنك (كامبريدجشير)
برنك هي قرية وأبرشية مدنية تقع في المملكة المتحدة في إنجلترا. يقدر عدد سكانها بـ 931 نسمة .
انظر أيضًا
قائمة مدن المملكة المتحدة
مراجع
أبرشيات مدنية في كامبريدجشير
حجارة البناء
جغرافيا بيتربرة
قرى كامبريدجشير
أوبو ديجيتال

أوبو ديجيتال هي قسم مستقل يتم إدارته من خارج البلاد ويتشارك العلامة التجارية أوبو مع أوبو للإلكترونيات وهي جميعها مملوكة للشركة الصينية بي بي كي إليكترونيكس. وتأسس هذا القسم في عام 2004 ويقع مقره في مينلو بارك في كاليفورنيا. ويقوم هذا القسم بالتصميم والتسويق للأجهزة الصوتية وأجهزة الفيديو ويشمل ذلك مشغلات بلو راي وسماعات الرأس ومكبرات الصوت وتستهدف بشكل أساسي المستهلكين في الصين وهونغ كونغ وتايوان واليابان والولايات المتحدة الأمريكية وأوروبا وأستراليا ونيوزيلندا والهند.
أعلنت أوبو ديجيتال في الثاني من أبريل لعام 2018 عن التوقف عن تطور منتجات جديدة وعن تقليص الإنتاج تدريجياً حتى الإيقاف بشكل نهائي ولكنها ستواصل دعم أجهزتها الحالية.
المراجع
روابط خارجية
موقع شركة أوبو ديجيتال
أوبو
شركات إلكترونيات أسست في 2004
شركات إلكترونيات في الولايات المتحدة
شركات القطاع الخاص في الصين
شركات المصنعة سماعات رأس
شركات أسست في 2004
شركات تكنولوجيا مقرها في منطقة خليج سان فرانسيسكو
شركات صينية أسست في 2004
شركات مقرها في مينلو بارك (كاليفورنيا)
علامات تجارية صينية
مينلو بارك (كاليفورنيا)
1970–71 Coppa Italia

1970–71 Coppa Italia
The 1970–71 Coppa Italia, the 24th Coppa Italia was an Italian Football Federation domestic cup competition won by Torino.
Group stage
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Play-off match
p=after penalty shoot-out
Group 4
Group 5
Group 6
Group 7
Group 8
Group 9
Qualifying play-off
The top seven groupwinners of the nine group qualifier in the quarter-finals. The other two teams played playoff.
p=after penalty shoot-out
Quarter-finals
Final group
Final play-off
Top goalscorers
References
rsssf.com
Coppa Italia seasons
Coppa Italia
Coppa Italia
Antoine Christophe Merlin

Antoine Christophe Merlin (13 September 1762 in Thionville, Moselle – September 1833 in Paris) was a member of several legislative bodies during the era of the French Revolution. He is usually called Merlin de Thionville (Merlin of Thionville) to distinguish him from Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai.
Life
He was born at Thionville, the son of a procureur in the bailliage of Thionville. After studying theology, he began a career in law, and in 1788 was an avocat at the parlement of Metz. In 1790 he was elected municipal officer of Thionville, and was sent by the department of Moselle to the Legislative Assembly. On 23 October 1791 he moved and carried the institution of a committee of surveillance, of which he became a member. It was he who proposed the law sequestrating the property of the émigrés, and he took an important part in the Demonstration of 20 June 1792 and in the revolution of 10 August of the same year.
He was elected deputy to the National Convention, and pressed for the execution of Louis XVI, but a mission to the army prevented his attending the trial. He displayed great bravery in the defence of Mainz. He took part in the Thermidorian Reaction which followed the fall of Robespierre, and was appointed to the Committee of General Security on 31 July 1794. He sat in the Council of Five Hundred under the Directory, and at the Coup of 18 Fructidor (4 September 1797) demanded the deportation of certain republican members. In 1798 he ceased to be a member of the Council of Five Hundred, and was appointed director-general of posts, being sent subsequently to organize the Army of Italy. He retired into private life at the proclamation of the Consulate, and lived in retirement under the Consulate and the First French Empire.
See also
The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy
References
Attribution
The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica gives as its reference J. Reynaud, (Paris, 1860).
1762 births
1833 deaths
People from Thionville
People of the French Revolution
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
Deputies to the French National Convention