Mario Benedetti

Mario Benedetti Farrugia (14 September 1920 – 17 May 2009), was a Uruguayan journalist, novelist, and poet and an integral member of the Generación del 45. Despite publishing more than 80 books and being published in twenty languages, he was not well known in the English-speaking world. In the Spanish-speaking world he is considered one of Latin America's most important writers of the latter half of the 20th century.
Early life and education
Benedetti was born 1920 in Paso de los Toros in the Uruguayan Tacuarembó Department to Brenno Benedetti, a pharmaceutical and chemical winemaker, and Matilde Farrugia, who were of Italian descent. Two years later, they moved to Tacuarembó, the capital city of the province, and shortly after that, his father tried to buy a chemist's but was swindled and went into bankruptcy, so they moved and settled in Montevideo, the capital city of the country, where they lived in difficult economic conditions. Mario completed six years of primary school at the Deutsche Schule Montevideo, where he also learned German, which later allowed him to be the first translator of Franz Kafka in Uruguay. His father immediately removed him from the school when Nazi ideology started featuring in the classroom. For two years afterwards, he studied at Liceo Miranda, but for the rest of his high-school years he did not attend an educational institution. In those years he learned shorthand, which was his livelihood for a long time. At the age of 14 he began working, first as a stenographer and then as a seller, public officer, accountant, journalist, broadcaster and translator.
Career
He trained as a journalist with Carlos Quijano, on the weekly newspaper Marcha. From 1938 and 1941 he lived in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He worked in different professions on both banks of the Río de la Plata river, for example, as a stenographer. In 1946 he married Luz López Alegre.
He was a member of the "Generation of 45", an Uruguayan intellectual and literary movement that included Carlos Maggi, Manuel Flores Mora, Ángel Rama, Emir Rodríguez Monegal, Idea Vilariño, Carlos Real de Azúa, José Pedro Díaz, Amanda Berenguer, Ida Vitale, Líber Falco, Juan Carlos Onetti, among others.
He wrote for the weekly Uruguayan newspaper Marcha from 1945 until it was forcibly closed by the military government in 1973, and was its literary director from 1954. In 1957, he traveled to Europe and visited nine countries as a correspondent for Marcha weekly magazine and El Diario newspaper.
Exile, 1973–1985
For 12 years, from 1973 to 1985, when a civic-military dictatorship ruled Uruguay, Benedetti lived in exile. He first went to Buenos Aires, Argentina, and then to Lima, Peru, where he was detained, deported and then given amnesty. He went to Cuba in 1976 and the following year to Madrid, Spain.
His exile was made particularly trying by the fact that his wife had to remain in Uruguay to look after both of their mothers. In 1980, he moved to Palma, Majorca.
Return to Uruguay, 1985
Benedetti returned to Uruguay in March 1985, following the restoration of democracy, and thereafter divided his time between Montevideo and Madrid. He was granted Honoris Causa doctorates by the Universidad de la República, Uruguay, the Universidad de Alicante, Spain and the Universidad de Valladolid, Spain. In 1986, he was awarded Laureate Of The International Botev Prize. On 7 June 2005, he was named the recipient of the Menéndez Pelayo International Prize. His poetry was also used in the 1992 Argentine movie The Dark Side of the Heart (El lado oscuro del corazón), in which he read some of his poems in German.
In 2006, Mario Benedetti signed a petition in support of the independence of Puerto Rico from the United States.
Personal life and death
In the last ten years of his life, Benedetti suffered from asthma and, in order to avoid the cold, spent his winters in Madrid where it was summer, though as his health deteriorated he eventually remained in Montevideo. In 2006, his wife Luz López died, ending more than six decades of matrimony.
Before dying, he dictated to his personal secretary, Ariel Silva, what would become his last poem:
He died in Montevideo on 17 May 2009. He had suffered from respiratory and intestinal problems for more than a year. His remains are buried at the National Pantheon in the Central Cemetery of Montevideo.
Work
For his poetry and novels Benedetti won numerous international awards. La Tregua, first published in 1960, has since been translated into more than 20 languages (into English by Harry Morales) and inspired the 1974 film The Truce. Each year below links to either the corresponding "[year] in literature" or "[year] in poetry" article:
Poetry
1945: La víspera indeleble ("Indelible Eve"), his first published book
1956: Poemas de oficina ("Office Poems")
1963:
Inventario, Poesía 1950–1958 ("Inventory, Poems 1950–1958")
Poemas del hoy por hoy ("Poems of Today")
1977: La casa y el ladrillo ("The House and the Brick")
1981: Viento del exilio ("Wind of the exile")
1986: Preguntas al azar ("Random Questions")
1988: Yesterday y mañana ("Yesterday and Tomorrow")
1991: Las soledades de Babel ("The Loneliness of Babel")
1994: Inventario dos (1985-1994) ("Inventory Two (1985-1994)"), published in Madrid
1995: ("The Exercise of Discretion: Oblivion Is Full of Memory"), published in Spain
1996: El amor, las mujeres y la vida. Poemas de amor.
1997: La vida ese paréntesis
2002: Insomnios y Duermevelas,
2004: Defensa propia,
Little Stones At My Window (Bilingual edition; translation and introduction by Charles Hatfield)
Poemas de otros
Noción de Patria
Sólo mientras tanto
Quemar las naves
A ras de sueño
Letras de emergencia
2007: Vivir adrede
Short stories
1960: Montevideanos
Aquí se respira bien
Los pocillos
Acaso irreparable
Escrito en Überlingen
El reino de los cielos
Miss Amnesia
"Una carta de amor"
La noche de los feos
"La sirena viuda"
"El buzón del tiempo"
1977: La vecina orilla
Essays
1960: El país de la cola de paja
"La Colección"
Plays
1958: Ida y Vuelta
1979: Pedro y el capitán
Novels
1953: Quién de nosotros
1960: La tregua, the basis for The Truce (1974 film)
1965: Gracias por el fuego, the basis for a 1984 film of the same name; see List of Argentine films of 1984
1971: El cumpleaños de Juan Ángel
1982: Primavera con una esquina rota
1993: La borra del café
1996: Andamios
2003: El porvenir de mi pasado
Miscellaneous
1969: Book Cubano, including poems, articles and interviews about Cuba and his experiences there
1984: El Desexilio y Otras Conjeturas (Dis-exile And Other Conjectures)
1996: Obras completas ("Complete Works"), in 28 volumes, published in Argentina
See also
List of Uruguayan writers
Eduardo Galeano
Juan Carlos Onetti
Daniel Viglietti
Sergio Renán
Eliseo Subiela
Nacha Guevara
References
External links
Mario Benedetti Foundation (in Spanish)
Excerpt from "Spring with a Broken Corner" in Guernica Magazine
Poemas
Center for Latin American studies Mario Benedetti, Universitat d'Alacant, Spain
1920 births
2009 deaths
20th-century essayists
20th-century journalists
20th-century novelists
20th-century short story writers
20th-century Uruguayan male writers
20th-century Uruguayan poets
21st-century essayists
21st-century short story writers
21st-century Uruguayan male writers
21st-century Uruguayan poets
Burials at the Central Cemetery of Montevideo
Magic realism writers
Male essayists
Male novelists
People from Paso de los Toros
Translators of Franz Kafka
Uruguayan essayists
Uruguayan exiles
Uruguayan expatriates in Argentina
Uruguayan expatriates in Cuba
Uruguayan expatriates in Peru
Uruguayan expatriates in Spain
Uruguayan journalists
Uruguayan male poets
Uruguayan male short story writers
Uruguayan novelists
Uruguayan people of Italian descent
Uruguayan short story writers