PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
هنري هاركلي

هنري هاركلي (بالإنجليزية: Henry Harclay)، (يُعرف أيضًا بهاركلا) هو فيلسوف إنجليزي وعميد جامعي عاش في القرون الوسطى وُلد في العقد الثامن وتُوفي في الخامس والعشرين من حزيران عام 1317
حياته
وُلد هنري هاركلي في أبرشية كارلايل بالقرب من الحدود الإنجليزية والاسكتلندية. ينحدر من عائلة هاركلي وهي أسرة فرسان القديمة ولكن بسيطة وهو من أصول متواضعة وقد منحهم هارتلي لقب هاركلي. وقد اُختلِف على اسم عائلته فقيل أنه هاركيلي وقيل هاركلا وقيل آركيلي وقيل هاركلي.
كان لهنري أخت واحدة وستة أشقاء. أحد إخوته هو آندرو هاركلي. آندرو كان شخصية مثيرة للجدل في وقته ولكنه كان معروفًا أيضا بإنجازاته السياسية والعسكرية خلال الحروب الإنجلو الاسكتلندية في أوائل القرن الرابع عشر. وكان والده مايكل مأمور شرطة في مقاطعة كمبرلاند بين عامي 1285 و1298.
حصل هنري على درجة الماجستير في الفنون في جامعة أكسفورد في عمر السادسة والعشرين. وفي هذا العام نفسه 1296، الأسقف كارلايل عينه ليكون رئيس كنيسة الجامعة في داكر في يوم عيد الميلاد. وقد كان رجل دين علماني حتى عام 1297 عندما عُيِّن كاهنًا. بعد وقت قصير من هذه الأحداث، توجه هنري لدراسة اللاهوت في جامعة باريس. وعلى الأرجح كان ذلك بين عامي 1300 و1310. على كل حال، عاد هنري إلى أكسفورد حيث حصل على درجة الماجستير في اللاهوت.
حصل هنري هاركلي على منصب عميد جامعة أكسفورد في 1312، وهو المنصب الذي شغله حتى وفاته في عام 1317. أكَّد الأسقف لينكولن، وجون دالدربي، أن هنري كان نشطًا للغاية متفانٍ من أجل الحفاظ على النظام من الجامعة. أُثيرَ الجدل خلال توليه منصب العميد حول تأكيد الامتيازات التي منحها الملك للجامعة. لذا فقد اضطر للسفر إلى المحكمة البابوية في أفينون للدفاع عن الامتيازات الممنوحة للجامعة وقد تُوفي في إحدى رحلاتها في أفينون. وقد كان لهنري دورٌ مهمٌّ في أكسفورد وباريس حيث نُشرَت له بعض السلسلات الغنية فلسفيًا.
روابط خارجية
مراجع
أشخاص من كارلايل (كمبريا)
إنجليز في القرن 13
إنجليز في القرن 14
خريجو جامعة السوربون
فلاسفة القرن 14
فلاسفة إنجليز
فلاسفة مدرسيون
كتاب غير روائيين ذكور إنجليز
مستشارو جامعة أكسفورد
مواليد عقد 1270
وفيات 1317
جلال الدين الحمامصي

جلال الدين الحمامصي ولد جلال الدين الذي يعد واحدا من رواد المدرسة الحديثة في الصحافة، في مدينة دمياط في أول يوليو 1913 لأب كان كاتبا معروفا، فورث عنه جلال الدين فن الكتابة وأحب الكتابة الصحفية وظهرت ميوله الصحفية مبكرا منذ أن كان طالبا في الثانوي، فلما التحق بكلية الهندسة بجامعة فؤاد الأول القاهرة لم يبتعد عن الصحافة.
حياته
تخرج من كلية الهندسة عام 1939م. ظهرت موهبته في المرحلة الثانوية حيث عمل كهاو للصحافة قبل أن يتدرج في سلك صاحبة الجلالة.
حياته السياسية
عندما استقال مكرم عبيد من حزب الوفد في يوليو 1942 م انضم إليه الحمامصي وأصبح معارضا للوفد .
وكان كاتبا ذا رأي حر فوضع في السجن بمعتقل الزيتون 1943 وظل به حتى يوليو 1944 م وفي السجن أقام علاقات وصداقة وطيدة مع أنور السادات زميله في الزنزانة وعلي ماهر باشا والشيخ أحمد حسن الباقوري .
بعد إطلاق صراحه أصبح الحمامصي رئيس لتحرير جريدة الكتلة التي أصدرها مكرم عبيد.
عملة
محرر بمجلات مؤسسة دار الهلال عام 1936.
محرر جريدة المصري عام 1939 .
عضوا بمجلس النواب في عام 1942م.
رأس تحرير جريدة الزمان عام 1947.
رأس تحرير جريدة أخبار اليوم عام 1950.
مستشارا لمصر في واشنطن عام 1953.
رئيسا لتحرير أخبار اليوم عام 1954م.
عمل بجريدة الجمهورية عام 1955.
ولجهوده الكبيرة في الصحافة المصرية عهد إليه بإنشاء وكالة أنباء الشرق الأوسط، ثم عاد رئيسا لتحرير جريدة الأخبار منذ عام 1974، وقد اُشتهر فيها بعموده اليومي «دخان في الهواء».
مؤلفاته
له العديد من المؤلفات في المجال الصحفي منها:
المندوب الصحفي
وكالة الأنباء
من الخبر إلى الموضوع الصحفي
الصحيفة المثالية
كما أن له العديد من المؤلفات السياسية الأخرى منها:
حوار وراء الأسوار وهو كتاب شهير أصدره عقب وفاة الرئيس الراحل جمال عبد الناصر
مستقبل الديمقراطية في مصر
من القاتل
وفاته
وافته المنية في 20 يناير 1988م
بعد أن ترك بصمات بارزة في تاريخ الصحافة المصرية والعربية.
مراجع
رؤساء تحرير مصريون
مواليد 1331 هـ
مواليد 1913
وفيات 1988
SM U-55

SM U-55 was one of the six Type U-51 U-boats of the Imperial German Navy during the First World War.
Construction and commissioning
U-55 was ordered from Germaniawerft, Kiel on 23 August 1914, was laid down on 28 December 1914 and launched on 18 March 1916. She was commissioned under her first commander Wilhelm Werner on 8 June 1916.
In German service
Werner commanded her for most of her wartime career, during which she undertook 14 patrols with II Flotilla, sinking 61 merchant ships for a total of . She also damaged another seven for a total of , and took another two as prizes for a total of 3,466 GRT. Her most famous act was the sinking of the British passenger liner with three torpedoes, on 17 July 1918, off the east coast of Ireland. Carpathia herself had become famous for her actions in coming to the rescue of the sinking in 1912. U-55 also sank the hospital ship on 4 January 1918.
Werner was replaced by Alexander Weiss on 10 August 1918, Weiss being succeeded by Hans Friedrich on 15 September and commanding U-55 until the armistice on 11 November 1918.
In Japanese service
On 26 November 1918 U-55 was surrendered to the Royal Navy at Harwich, along with the rest of the surviving U-Boat fleet. It was subsequently handed over to Japan, and entered service with the Imperial Japanese Navy in 1920 as O-3, serving as such until 1921. It was dismantled at the Sasebo Navy Yard between March and June 1921, briefly recommissioning in 1923 as Auxiliary Vessel No. 2538.
Summary of raiding history
Original documents from Room 40
See also
Room 40
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
External links
Photos of cruises of German submarine U-54 in 1916–1918. Great photo quality, comments in German.
A 44 min. film from 1917 about a cruise of the German submarine U-35. A German propaganda film without dead or wounded; many details about submarine warfare in World War I.
Room 40: original documents, photos and maps about World War I German submarine warfare and British Room 40 Intelligence from The National Archives, Kew, Richmond, UK.
World War I submarines of Germany
Type U 51 submarines
Ships built in Kiel
1916 ships
U-boats commissioned in 1916
Foreign submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy
Auxiliary ships of the Imperial Japanese Navy
ني تريغليا (هالكيديكي)

ني تريغليا (هالكيديكي)
ني تريغليا (Νέα Τρίγλια) هي مدينة في هالكيديكي في مقاطعة فوريا إلادا في اليونان.
مراجع
مدن اليونان
Barytherium

Barytherium (meaning "heavy beast") is a genus of an extinct family (Barytheriidae) of primitive proboscideans that lived during the late Eocene and early Oligocene in North Africa. The type species is Barytherium grave, found at the beginning of the 20th century in Fayum, Egypt. Since then, more complete specimens have been found at Dor el Talha, Libya. More fossils were also discovered in 2011 in the Aidum area in Dhofar by Oman's Ministry of Heritage and Culture, which was named Barytherium omansi.
Description
The barytheriids were the first large proboscideans to appear in the fossil records. Barytherium itself stood about 1.8–2.0 m tall at the shoulder and weighed around 2 tonnes. Barytherium spp. had eight very short tusks, four each in the upper and lower jaws, which resembled those of a modern hippopotamus more than those of an elephant. The upper pairs were vertical, while the lower pairs projected forwards from the mouth horizontally. Together, these would have created a shearing action for cropping plants.
There is disagreement about the nose of Barytherium. While it is now considered that moeritheriids did not posseess a proboscis, Barytherium are often restored with one resembling that of a tapir or elephant seal. Some palaeontologists have argued the arrangement of the teeth indicate Barytherium had a fairly long trunk similar to modern elephants.
References
Eocene proboscideans
Oligocene proboscideans
Eocene genus first appearances
Rupelian genus extinctions
Prehistoric placental genera
Eocene mammals of Africa
Oligocene mammals of Africa
Taxa named by Charles William Andrews
Fossil taxa described in 1901
رود شيرمان

رود شيرمان هو لاعب كرة قدم أمريكية أمريكي، ولد في 25 ديسمبر 1944 في باسادينا في الولايات المتحدة.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
رياضيون من باسادينا (كاليفورنيا)
لاعبو أوكلاند رايدرز
لاعبو دنفر برونكوز
لاعبو دوري كرة القدم الأمريكية
لاعبو سينسيناتي بنغالز
لاعبو كرة القدم الأمريكية من باسادينا (كاليفورنيا)
لاعبو كرة قدم أمريكية من كاليفورنيا
لاعبو لوس أنجيليس رامز
لاعبو يو أس سي تروجانز فوتبول
مستقبلون واسعون كرة قدم أمريكية
مواليد 1944
دوري اسطنبول لكرة القدم 1904–05

دوري اسطنبول لكرة القدم 1904–05 هو موسم من . فاز فيه .
نتائج الموسم
مراجع
1904–05 في كرة القدم التركية
دوري اسطنبول لكرة القدم
دوريات كرة قدم أوروبية في 1904–05
مواسم دوري اسطنبول لكرة القدم
Algeria national under-18 football team

Algeria national under-18 football team
The Algeria national under-18 football team is the national representative for Algeria in international under-18 football competition, and is controlled by the Algerian Football Federation. The team competes in the Mediterranean Games, which is held every four years. The under-18 team also participates in local and international friendly tournaments.
Current squad
The following players were called up for the Football at the 2022 Mediterranean Games.
Match dates: 26 June – 5 July 2022
Caps and goals correct as of:''' 12 October 2021, after the match against
See also
Algeria national football team
Algeria national under-23 football team
Algeria national under-20 football team
Algeria national under-17 football team
Football at the Mediterranean Games
References
External links
Algerian Football Association - official site
African national under-18 association football teams
under-18
Youth football in Algeria
السقا مات (رواية)

السقا مات (رواية)
رواية للأديب المصري يوسف السباعي صدرت لأول مرة سنة 1952 م عن دار النشر للجامعيين. يعتبرها الكثير من النقاد أهم رواية كتبها يوسف السباعي وتدور أحداثها في حارة مصرية في العشرينيات
فكرة الرواية
تدور الفكرة الرئيسية في الرواية حول فلسفة الموت ومحاولة الشخصية الرئيسية «المعلم شوشة السقا» للهروب من ذكرى وفاة زوجته الشابة. المفارقة تحدث عندما ينقذ المعلم شوشة شخص ما من الضرب في أحد المطاعم ثم تتوثق علاقته به ويدعوه للإقامة معه في بيته مع حماته وابنه سيد، وهو لا يعلم ان هذا الشخص يعمل في مجال متعلق بدفن الموتى. ينفر المعلم شوشة من ضيفه في البداية إلا إن الضيف سرعان ما يتمكن من إقناع المعلم شوشة بمواصلة حياتة ونبذ الخوف من الموت، إلا أن أكبر مفارقة تحدث عندما يموت الضيف نفسه فجأة في بيت شوشة فينهار المعلم بسبب ذلك. بعد فترة يستعيد المعلم شوشة عافيته ويأتيه خبر سار بتعيينه شيخاً للساقيين في المنطقة، إلا أن البيت ينهار فوق رأس المعلم وتنتهي حياته في مشهد قوي ومؤثر.
تحويل الرواية إلى فيلم
حاول المخرج الراحل صلاح أبوسيف تحويل الرواية إلى عمل سينمائي في السبيعينيات إلا إن جميع المنتجين رفضوا المغامرة بإنتاج فيلم يتحدث عن الموت. تمكن صلاح أبو سيف في النهاية من الحصول على موافقة المنتج والمخرج يوسف شاهين على إنتاج الفيلم بالاشتراك مع شركة ساتبيك التونسية سنة 1977، حيث قام بكتابة السيناريو محسن زايد بالاشتراك مع صلاح أبو سيف.
وقام بالتمثيل فيه: عزت العلايلي، فريد شوقي، أمينة رزق، ناهد جبر، حسن حسين، شويكار، بلقيس وتحية كاريوكا. إلا إن نهاية الفيلم مختلفة عن نهاية الرواية، حيث تعمد كاتبي السيناريو أن تكون النهاية فيها قدر من التفاؤل.
وصلات خارجية
آراء القراء حول رواية السقا مات على موقع أبجد
أفضل مائة رواية عربية
روايات 1952
روايات تجري أحداثها في القاهرة
روايات تقع أحداثها في عقد 1920
روايات مصرية حولت إلى أفلام
روايات يوسف السباعي
Coulonces, Orne

Coulonces, Orne
Coulonces is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.
Geography
The commune is made up of the following collection of villages and hamlets, La Villette and Coulonces.
The commune has the River Dives running through it and one stream, Merdret's Creek.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Communes of Orne
Orne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
Marcos Górriz

Marcos Górriz
Marcos Aurelio Górriz Bonhora (born 4 March 1964) is a former professional tennis player from Spain. He is now a tennis coach; among his students is Alejandro Falla.
Career
Górriz took part in 13 Grand Slam tournaments during his career. From his 11 singles appearances he made the second round twice. The first time was in the 1992 French Open who he beat world number 29 Omar Camporese, before being eliminated in the next round by Michael Chang in four sets. In the 1993 Wimbledon Championships he also made the second round, with a win over Slava Doseděl. On this occasion he lost in the second round to Todd Martin.
The Spaniard made at least one quarter-final appearance on the ATP Tour every year from 1990 to 1994. His best performance came in the 1991 Kremlin Cup, when he was a semi-finalist.
As a doubles player he had more success, winning a title at Genova in 1991, with Alfonso Mora. He was also runner-up at two tournaments.
ATP career finals
Doubles: 3 (1–2)
Challenger titles
Singles: (4)
Doubles: (6)
Notes
References
1964 births
Living people
Spanish male tennis players
Tennis players from Barcelona
Tennis players from Catalonia
20th-century Spanish people
Paolo Pedretti

Paolo Pedretti (22 January 1906 – 22 February 1983) was an Italian cyclist who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics. He won the gold medal in the team pursuit event.
References
1906 births
1983 deaths
Italian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Italy
Cyclists at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Italy
Olympic medalists in cycling
Cyclists from the Province of Como
Medalists at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Italian track cyclists
20th-century Italian people
Pierre Aubert

Pierre Aubert (3 March 1927 – 8 June 2016) was a Swiss politician, lawyer and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1978–1987).
Political career
He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 7 December 1977 as member of the Social Democratic Party from the canton of Neuchâtel. He handed over office on 31 December 1987. After earning a law degree, he became an attorney-at-law in 1953. He began his political career as a member of the City Parliament of La Chaux-de-Fonds (1960–68), then served the Cantonal Parliament of Neuchâtel (1961–75) and was the President of the latter legislative body from 1969 until 70. Elected to the Council of States he sat in this chamber of the Federal Parliament until his election to the Federal Council in 1977. From 1974 to 1977, he belonged to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and was rapporteur for the admission of Portugal. He was the chancellor of the University of Neuchâtel from 1971 to 1977.
During his time in office, Aubert held the portfolio of the Political Department in 1978 and from 1979 to 1987 after it was renamed to "Federal Department of Foreign Affairs". He was President of the Confederation twice: in 1983 and in 1987. He stood for a Swiss active policy in general and in the Human rights field in particular. Aubert made 55 foreign trips, 39 of which were official trips. Aubert visited four African countries and signed a declaration against apartheid in Nigeria in 1979. He was the first Swiss foreign minister to establish contacts with the PLO leadership when he received Faruk Kaddhumi in July 1980 in Bern. He led the unsuccessful campaign to join the United Nations in 1986 (only 24% of the voters were in favour).
References
External links
1927 births
2016 deaths
People from La Chaux-de-Fonds
Members of the Federal Council (Switzerland)
Foreign ministers of Switzerland
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland politicians
Swiss Protestants
Knights Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
Commanders with Star of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland
بوب ماكنزي (لاعب كرة قدم)

بوب ماكنزي (لاعب كرة قدم)
بوب ماكنزي هو لاعب كرة قدم أسترالي، ولد في 19 ديسمبر 1928، وتوفي في 4 يناير 2012 في ملبورن في أستراليا. لعب مع نادي ملبورن لكرة القدم.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
لاعبو كرة قدم أسترالية من فيكتوريا (أستراليا)
لاعبو نادي ملبورن لكرة القدم
مواليد 1928
وفيات 2012
Mary Rice Phelps

Mary Rice Phelps (born May 1, 1867) was an African-American teacher and writer. She began her teaching career at thirteen years old.
Biography
Mary Rice was born on May 1, 1867, in Union County, South Carolina, to Adeline and Hilliard Rice. She learned to read by the time she was four years old, and she began school at five.
At thirteen, Rice was asked to take charge of a large school in Spartanburg County, South Carolina. With her parents' permission, she took the teachers examination and received her teaching certificate. After one year of running the school, Rice's parents sent her to the Benedict Institute in Columbia, South Carolina, to continue her own education. She entered Scotia Seminary in Concord, North Carolina, in 1881 and graduated in 1885.
Rice then served as principal of public schools in Glenn Springs, South Carolina, for three years. In 1890, she was elected to be assistant principal of the Eddy School in Milledgeville, Georgia.
On October 25, 1891, Rice married John L. Phelps in Helena, South Carolina. In 1893, Mary Rice Phelps was elected assistant principal of Cleveland Academy in Helena, but she left within a year to accept a position at the Haines Industrial School in Augusta, Georgia. In addition to teaching during school terms, Phelps used her vacations to teach rural children.
Phelps was also known as an accomplished writer, and James T. Haley included her essay "The Responsibility of Women as Teachers" in his Afro-American Encyclopaedia (1895). In the essay, Phelps encouraged mothers to think of themselves as their children's first teachers and thus to teach their children morality from an early age.
Phelps died on October 9, 1931, at 64 years of age in Keysville, Burke County, Georgia. She and her husband, John Phelps, are buried at Cedar Grove Cemetery in Augusta, Georgia.
References
19th-century African-American educators
19th-century American educators
African-American writers
Date of death unknown
1867 births
1931 deaths
People from Union County, South Carolina
هانس جون جنسن

هانس جون جنسن هو سياسي نرويجي، (و. ). نشط حزبياً في حزب العمال. وقد انتخب .
مراجع
أعضاء برلمان النرويج
سياسيو حزب العمال (النرويج)
مواليد 1882
أشخاص من قول (النرويج)
Brian Bowles (baseball)

Brian Bowles (baseball)
Brian Christopher Bowles (born August 18, 1976) is a former Major League Baseball relief pitcher, born in Harbor City, California. He was drafted by the Toronto Blue Jays in the 50th round of the 1994 amateur draft. Bowles signed on to play minor league baseball in the Blue Jays organization. He batted and threw right-handed during his baseball career.
Major league career
Bowles made his major league debut for the Blue Jays at age 24. That year, had an earned run average of 0.00 in innings. In 2002, Bowles had an earned run average of 4.05 in 20 innings, going 2–1. In 2003, Bowles recorded a 2.57 earned run average in 7.0 innings. On October 15, 2003, Bowles was granted free agency. Less than two months later, Bowles signed with the Milwaukee Brewers. After failing to make the Major League roster in 2004, Bowles was released by the Brewers on July 8. On July 21, he signed with the Colorado Rockies. Bowles, however, became unhappy in the Rockies system. On October 15, 2004, Bowles was again granted free agency. On March 6, 2005, Bowles was signed by Chicago White Sox. After failing to make the roster, Bowles was released on March 30, only 24 days after he was signed. After not playing in 2005, Bowles was signed on March 4, 2006, by the Baltimore Orioles. After the season, Bowles was granted free agency. On November 13, 2006, Bowles was signed by the San Francisco Giants. He did not, however, play a game as Giant. After playing the 2007 season for the Triple-A Fresno Grizzlies, Bowles retired. Bowles is now the head varsity baseball coach and teacher for Palos Verdes Peninsula High School.
At the time of his retirement Bowles had a 2–1 record, a 3.23 earned run average, 17 walks, and 25 strikeouts. His lifetime fielding percentage was .800.
Pitching style
Bowles threw a 91-mile per hour four-seam fastball, an 89-90 mile per hour two-seam fastball in addition to an 84-86 mile per hour slider, and an 80-84 mile per hour forkball. Bowles' fastballs were his best pitches.
References
External links
, or Retrosheet, or Pelota Binaria (Venezuelan Winter League)
1976 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Baseball players from Los Angeles
Bridgeport Bluefish players
Cardenales de Lara players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Colorado Springs Sky Sox players
Dunedin Blue Jays players
Gulf Coast Blue Jays players
Hagerstown Suns players
Indianapolis Indians players
Long Island Ducks players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Medicine Hat Blue Jays players
Ottawa Lynx players
People from Harbor City, Los Angeles
St. Catharines Stompers players
Syracuse SkyChiefs players
Toronto Blue Jays players
UC Santa Barbara Gauchos baseball players
ألفان إس. هاربر

ألفان إس. هاربر هو مصور أمريكي، ولد في 1847، وتوفي في 1911.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أشخاص من تالاهاسي
مصورون أمريكيون في القرن 19
مصورون من بنسيلفانيا
مصورون من فلوريدا
مواليد 1847
وفيات 1911
Salehabad, Arsanjan

Salehabad, Arsanjan
Salehabad (also Romanized as Şāleḩābād and Salāhābād; also known as Şāleḩābād-e Bālā and Şāleḩābād-e Pā’īn) is a village in Aliabad-e Malek Rural District, in the Central District of Arsanjan County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 519, in 127 families.
References
Populated places in Arsanjan County
لطفاء ولاعبون

لطفاء ولاعبون (بالإنجليزية Gentlemen & players) هي رواية من تأليف الكاتبة البريطانية جوان هاريس نشرت عام 2005.
روابط خارجية
مراجع
كتب نشرتها دار دابلداي للنشر
روايات بريطانية
روايات بريطانية في 2005
روايات تقع أحداثها في مدارس
روايات غموض بريطانية
ستيف بارنت

ستيف بارنت هو لاعب كرة قدم أمريكية أمريكي، ولد في 4 يونيو 1941 في ساند سبرينغ في الولايات المتحدة، وتوفي في 2 يناير 2018 في دانفيل في الولايات المتحدة.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أشخاص من ساند سبرينغ
لاعبو شيكاغو بيرز
لاعبو واشنطن ريدسكينس
مهاجمو خط كرة قدم أمريكية
مواليد 1941
وفيات 2018
Nuevo Baztán

Nuevo Baztán is a municipality southeast of Madrid, near Alcalá de Henares, Spain. It consists of a small historic centre and modern housing estates.
The historic centre was designed as an industrial and housing complex laid out on a grid plan. It was promoted and developed by the prominent politician and publisher Juan de Goyeneche (1656–1735).
History
Nuevo Baztán was founded around 1709 in a mercantalist initiative to promote industrial development in Spain. The site chosen belonged to a locality called Olmeda.
The name of the new development refers to the Goyeneche family's home town, Baztan in Navarre. Much of the construction was performed by Agotes imported from Navarre. The town housed factories producing among other things munitions and glassware. The Goyeneche family financed not only the palaces, churches, and factories, but also houses for the employees, many of whom were transplants from other regions of Spain.
Glass production at Nuevo Baztán only lasted a few years because of difficulty in obtaining the necessary fuel supplies locally. Some employees relocated to La Granja de San Ildefonso near Segovia, where there was abundant timber and a demand for glass at a royal palace which was under construction in the 1720s. The other industries of Nuevo Baztán ceased production by the end of the 18th century.
Newer housing has arisen around the 18th-century nucleus in the past decades, and the present town contains large modern developments, including Eurovillas, Las Villas de Nuevo Baztán, Monteacevedo, and El Mirador del Baztán.
Goyeneche Palace
The Goyeneche Palace (Spanish: Palacio de Goyeneche or Palacio de Nuevo Baztán) is one of a number of palaces in Spain and Peru associated with the Goyeneche family. The palace was built to a Baroque design by José de Churriguera which incorporates a church.
The palace-church and two plazas were designated as a conservation area in 1941. However, in 2007 it was reported that the palace was in a poor state of conservation. There have been proposals to restore it for use as an art gallery.
The palace's wine cellars house an interpretation centre.
See also
List of planned cities
References
"Juan de Goyeneche y el triunfo de los navarros en la monarquía hispánica del siglo XVIII" (in Spanish). An on-line article about a Goyeneche exhibition shown in Madrid and Pamplona in 2005–6). The exhibition was sponsored by Caja Navarra and curated by staff of the University of Navarre. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
External links
1709 establishments in Spain
Municipalities in the Community of Madrid
Planned communities in Spain
Populated places established in 1709
Settlement schemes in Spain