Cypraea

Cypraea is a genus of medium-sized to large sea snails or cowries, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Cypraeidae, the cowries.
Species
Species within the genus Cypraea include:
† Cypraea ficoides (Hutton, 1873)
Cypraea pantherina Lightfoot, 1786
† Cypraea porcellus Brocchi, 1814
Cypraea tigris Linnaeus, 1758
Nomen dubium
Cypraea contrastriata Perry, 1811 (synonyms: Arestorides argus contrastriata (Perry, 1811); Cypraea argus contrastriata Perry, 1811; Talparia argus contrastriata (Perry, 1811) )
Synonyms
Almost all species previously belonging to Cypraea have been reassigned to other genera within the family Cypraeidae:
Cypraea achatidea Sowerby, 1837: synonym of Schilderia achatidea
Cypraea acicularis Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Erosaria acicularis
Cypraea aenigma Lorenz, 2002: synonym of Nesiocypraea aenigma
Cypraea albuginosa Gray, 1825: synonym of Erosaria albuginosa
Cypraea alexhuberti Lorenz & Huber, 1999: synonym of Austrasiatica alexhuberti
Cypraea alfredensis (Schilder & Schilder, 1929): synonym of Cypraeovula alfredensis (Schilder & Schilder, 1929)
Cypraea algoensis Gray, 1825: synonym of Cypraeovula algoensis
Cypraea alisonae Burgess, 1983: synonym of Blasicrura alisonae
Cypraea amarata (Meuschen, 1787): synonym of Mauritia scurra
Cypraea amphitales Melvill, 1888 : synonym of Cypraeovula amphitales
Cypraea androyensis Blocher & Lorenz, 1999: synonym of Palmadusta androyensis
Cypraea angelicae Clover, 1974: synonym of Zonaria angelicae
Cypraea angioyorum Biraghi, 1978: synonym of Erronea angioyorum
Cypraea angustata Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Notocypraea angustata
Cypraea annettae Dall, 1909: synonym of Pseudozonaria annettae
Cypraea annulus Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Monetaria annulus
Cypraea arabica Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Mauritia arabica
Cypraea arabicula: synonym of Pseudozonaria arabicula
Cypraea argus Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Arestorides argus
Cypraea armeniaca Verco, 1912: synonym of Umbilia armeniaca
Cypraea artuffeli Jousseaume, 1876: synonym of Palmadusta artuffeli
Cypraea aurantium Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Lyncina aurantium
Cypraea barbieri Raybaudi, 1986: synonym of Purpuradusta barbieri
Cypraea asellus Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Palmadusta asellus
Cypraea barclayi Reeve, 1857: synonym of Contradusta barclayi
Cypraea beckii Gaskoin, 1836 is a synonym of Erosaria beckii
Cypraea bernardi Richard, 1974: synonym of Erosaria bernardi
Cypraea bistrinotata Schilder & Schilder, 1937: synonym of Pustularia bistrinotata
Cypraea boivinii Kiener, 1843: synonym of Erosaria boivinii
Cypraea boucheti Lorenz, 2002: synonym of Palmulacypraea boucheti
Cypraea bregeriana Crosse, 1868: synonym of Contradusta bregeriana
Cypraea brevidentata Sowerby, 1870: synonym of Bistolida brevidentata
Cypraea broderipii Gray in Sowerby, 1832: synonym of Lyncina broderipii
Cypraea camelopardalis Perry, 1811: synonym of Lyncina camelopardalis
Cypraea capensis: synonym of Cypraeovula capensis
Cypraea capricornica Lorenz, 1989is a synonym of Umbilia capricornica
Cypraea caputdraconis Melvill, 1888: synonym of Monetaria caputdraconis
Cypraea caputserpentis Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Erosaria caputserpentis
Cypraea carneola Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Lyncina carneola
Cypraea carneola sowerbyi Anton, 1838: synonym of Lyncina carneola (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cypraea castanea Higgins, 1868: synonym of Cypraeovula castanea
Cypraea catholicorum Schilder, 1938: synonym of Cribrarula catholicorum
Cypraea caurica Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Erronea caurica
Cypraea cernica Sowerby, 1870: synonym of Erosaria cernica
Cypraea cervinetta Kiener, 1843: synonym of Macrocypraea cervinetta
Cypraea cervus Linnaeus, 1771: synonym of Macrocypraea cervus
Cypraea chiapponii Lorenz, 1999: synonym of Pustularia chiapponii
Cypraea childreni Gray, 1825: synonym of Ipsa childreni
Cypraea chinensis Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Ovatipsa chinensis
Cypraea cicercula Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Pustularia cicercula
Cypraea cinerea Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Luria cinerea
Cypraea citrina Gray, 1825: synonym of Erosaria citrina
Cypraea clandestina Linnaeus, 1767: synonym of Palmadusta clandestina
Cypraea cohenae Burgess, 1965: synonym of Cypraeovula cohenae
Cypraea colligata Lorenz, 2002: synonym of Cypraeovula colligata
Cypraea coloba Melvill, 1888: synonym of Ovatipsa coloba
Cypraea comptonii Gray, 1847: synonym of Notocypraea comptoni
Cypraea connelli Liltved, 1983: synonym of Cypraeovula connelli
Cypraea conoidea Scopoli, 1786: synonym of Morum oniscus (Linnaeus, 1767)
Cypraea contaminata Sowerby, 1832: synonym of Palmadusta contaminata
Cypraea controversa Gray, 1824: synonym of Luria controversa
Cypraea coronata Schilder 1930: synonym of Cypraeovula coronata
Cypraea costispunctata G. B. Sowerby II, 1870: synonym of Pusula costispunctata (G. B. Sowerby II, 1870)
Cypraea coxeni Cox, 1873: synonym of Eclogavena coxeni
Cypraea cribellum Gaskoin, 1849: synonym of Cribrarula cribellum
Cypraea cribraria Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Cribrarula cribraria
Cypraea cruenta: synonym of Ovatipsa chinensis
Cypraea cruickshanki Kilburn, 1972: synonym of Cypraeovula cruickshanki
Cypraea cumingii Sowerby, 1832: synonym of Cribrarula cumingii
Cypraea cylindrica Born, 1778: synonym of Erronea cylindrica
Cypraea dayritiana Cate, 1963: synonym of Eclogavena dayritiana
Cypraea decipiens Smith, 1880: synonym of Zoila decipiens
Cypraea declivis Sowerby II, 1870: synonym of Notocypraea declivis
Cypraea deforges] Lorenz, 2002: synonym of Austrasiatica deforgesi
Cypraea depressa Gray, 1824: synonym of Mauritia depressa
Cypraea diauges Melvill 1888 syn. of Bistolida diauges
Cypraea dillwyni Schilder 1922: synonym of Cryptocypraea dillwyni
Cypraea diluculum Reeve, 1845: synonym of Palmadusta diluculum
Cypraea eburnea Barnes, 1824: synonym of Erosaria eburnea
Cypraea edentula: synonym of Cypraeovula edentula
Cypraea eglantina Duclos, 1833: synonym of Mauritia eglantina
Cypraea eludens Raybaudi, 1991: synonym of Zoila eludens
Cypraea englerti Summers & Burgess, 1965: synonym of Erosaria englerti
Cypraea erosa Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Erosaria erosa
Cypraea errones Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Erronea errones
Cypraea erythraeensis Sowerby, 1837: synonym of Bistolida erythraeensis
Cypraea esontropia Duclos, 1833: synonym of Cribrarula esontropia
Cypraea exmouthensis Melvill, 1888: synonym of Cribrarula exmouthensis
Cypraea exusta Sowerby, 1832: synonym of Talparia exusta
Cypraea fallax Smith, 1881: synonym of Cribrarula fallax
Cypraea felina Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Melicerona felina
Cypraea fernandoi Cate, 1969: synonym of Erosa fernadoi
Cypraea fimbriata Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Purpuradusta fimbriata
Cypraea friendii Gray, 1831: synonym of Zoila friendii
Cypraea fultoni Sowerby, 1903: synonym of Barycypraea fultoni
Cypraea fuscodentata: synonym of Cypraeovula fuscodentata
Cypraea fuscorubra Shaw, 1909: synonym of Cypraeovula fuscorubra
Cypraea gangranosa Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of Erosaria gangranosa
Cypraea garciai Lorenz & Raines, 2001: synonym of Cribrarula garciai
Cypraea gaskoini Reeve, 1846: synonym of Cribrarula gaskoini
Cypraea gilvella Lorenz, 2002: synonym of Luria gilvella
Cypraea globosa: synonym of Lyncina lynx
Cypraea globulus Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Pustularia globulus
Cypraea goodalli Sowerby I, 1832: synonym of Bistolida goodallii
Cypraea gracilis Gaskoin, 1849: synonym of Purpuradusta gracilis
Cypraea granulata Pease, 1862: synonym of Nucleolaria granulata
Cypraea grayana Schilder, 1930: synonym of Mauritia grayana
Cypraea guttata Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Perisserosa guttata
Cypraea hammondae Iredale, 1939: synonym of Purpuradusta hammondae
Cypraea hartsmithi Schilder, 1967: synonym of Notocypraea hartsmithi
Cypraea helvola Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Erosaria helvola
Cypraea hesitata Jousseaume, 1884: synonym of Umbilia hesitata
Cypraea hirundo Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Blasicrura hirundo
Cypraea histrio Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Mauritia histrio
Cypraea humphreysii Gray, 1825: synonym of Palmadusta humphreysii
Cypraea hungerfordi lovetha Poppe, Tagaro & Buijse, 2005: synonym of Paradusta hungerfordi bealsi (Mock, 1996)
Cypraea inocellata Gray is a synonym of Erosaria miliaris
Cypraea interrupta Gray, 1824: synonym of Blasicrura interrupta
Cypraea isabella Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Luria isabella
Cypraea kieneri Hidalgo, 1906: synonym of Bistolida kieneri
Cypraea lamarckii Gray, 1825: synonym of Erosaria lamarckii
Cypraea lentiginosa: synonym of Palmadusta lentiginosa
Cypraea leucodon Broderip, 1828: synonym of Lyncina leucodon (Broderip, 1828)
Cypraea leucodon leucodon Broderip, 1828: synonym of Lyncina leucodon (Broderip, 1828)
Cypraea leviathan Schilder & Schilder, 1937: synonym of Lyncina leviathan
Cypraea lisetae Kilburn, 1975: synonym of Nesiocypraea lisetae
Cypraea limacina Lamarck, 1810: synonym of Staphylaea limacina
Cypraea lurica: synonym of Erronea caurica
Cypraea lurida Linnaeus: synonym of Luria lurida
Cypraea lynx Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Lyncina lynx
Cypraea macandrewi Sowerby, 1870: synonym of Erosaria macandrewi
Cypraea maculifera Schilder, 1932: synonym of Mauritia maculifera
Cypraea madagascariensis Gmelin, 1790: synonym of Staphylaea nucleus madagascariensis
Cypraea mappa Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Leporicypraea mappa
Cypraea margarita Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of Pustularia margarita
Cypraea marginalis Dillwyn, 1827: synonym of Erosaria marginalis
Cypraea mariae Schilder, 1927: synonym of Annepona mariae
Cypraea mauiensis Burgess, 1967: synonym of Pustularia mauiensis
Cypraea mauritiana Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Mauritia mauritiana
Cypraea microdon Gray, 1828: synonym of Purpuradusta microdon
Cypraea miliaris Gmelin, 1790: synonym of Erosaria miliaris
Cypraea minoridens Melvill, 1901: synonym of Purpuradusta minoridens
Cypraea moneta Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Monetaria moneta
Cypraea mus Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Muracypraea mus
Cypraea nebrites Melvill, 1888: synonym of Erosaria nebrites
Cypraea nigropunctata Gray, 1828: synonym of Pseudozonaria nigropunctata
Cypraea nivosa Broderip, 1827: synonym of Lyncina nivosa
Cypraea nucleus Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Staphylaea nucleus
Cypraea ocellata L.: synonym of Erosaria ocellata
Cypraea oniscus Lamarck, 1810: synonym of Triviella aperta (Swainson, 1822)
Cypraea onyx Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Erronea onyx
Cypraea owenii Sowerby, 1837: synonym of Bistolida owenii
Cypraea ovum Gmelin 1791 (synonym of Erronea ovum
Cypraea pallida: synonym of Erronea pallida
Cypraea pallidula (Gaskoin, 1849): synonym of Blasicrura pallidula
Cypraea pediculus var. cimex G. B. Sowerby II, 1870: synonym of Pusula cimex (G. B. Sowerby II, 1870)
Cypraea picta Gray, 1824: synonym of Zonaria picta
Cypraea piperita Gray, 1825: synonym of Notocypraea piperita
Cypraea poraria Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Erosaria poraria
Cypraea propinqua Garrett, 1879: synonym of Lyncina carneola
Cypraea pulchra Gray, 1824: synonym of Luria pulchra
Cypraea pulchella Swainson, 1823: synonym of Contradusta pulchella
Cypraea punctata Linnaeus, 1771: synonym of Ransoniella punctata
Cypraea pyriformis Gray, 1824 (synonym of Erronea pyriformis
Cypraea pyrum Gmelin, 1791 (synonym of Zonaria pyrum
Cypraea reticulata Martyn, 1784: synonym of Mauritia histrio
Cypraea robertsi Hidalgo, 1906: synonym of Pseudozonaria robertsi
Cypraea sakuraii (Habe, 1970): synonym of Austrasiatica sakuraii (Habe, 1970)
Cypraea schilderorum Iredale, 1939: synonym of Lyncina schilderorum
Cypraea scurra Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Mauritia scurra
Cypraea solandri G. B. Sowerby I, 1832: synonym of Pusula solandri (G. B. Sowerby I, 1832)
Cypraea spadicea Swainson, 1823: synonym of Neobernaya spadicea
Cypraea spurca Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Erosaria spurca
Cypraea staphylaea Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Staphylaea staphylaea
Cypraea stercoraria Linnaeus: synonym of Trona stercoraria
Cypraea stolida Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Bistolida stolida
Cypraea subviridis Reeve, 1835: synonym of Erronea subviridis (Reeve, 1835)
Cypraea sulcidentata Gray, 1824): synonym of Lyncina sulcidentata
Cypraea surinamensis G. Perry, 1811: synonym of Propustularia surinamensis
Cypraea talpa Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Talparia talpa
Cypraea teres Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Blasicrura teres
Cypraea tessellata Swainson, 1822: synonym of Luria tessellata
Cypraea testudinaria Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Chelycypraea testudinaria
Cypraea teuleri Cazenavette, 1845: synonym of Bernaya teulerei
Cypraea thomasi Crosse, 1865: synonym of Erosaria thomasi
Cypraea turdus Lamarck, 1810: synonym of Erosaria turdus
Cypraea umbilicata G.B. Sowerby I, 1825: synonym of Umbilia hesitata (Iredale, 1916)
Cypraea ursellus Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Bistolida ursellus
Cypraea ventriculus Lamarck, 1810: synonym of Lyncina ventriculus
Cypraea venusta Sowerby, 1847: synonym of Zoila venusta
Cypraea verhoefi Burgess, 1982: synonym of Cypraeovula castanea (Higgins, 1868)
Cypraea vitellus Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Lyncina vitellus
Cypraea vredenburgi Schilder, 1927: synonym of Erronea vredenburgi
Cypraea walkeri Sowerby, 1832: synonym of Contradusta walkeri
Cypraea xanthodon Sowerby I, 1832: synonym of Erronea xanthodon
Cypraea zebra Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Macrocypraea zebra
Cypraea ziczac Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Palmadusta ziczac
Cypraea zonaria Gmelin: synonym of Zonaria zonaria
References
External links
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae. ii, 824 pp
Cypraeidae
Gastropod genera
Extant Miocene first appearances