Hydrogen technologies

Hydrogen technologies are technologies that relate to the production and use of hydrogen as a part hydrogen economy. Hydrogen technologies are applicable for many uses.
Some hydrogen technologies are carbon neutral and could have a role in preventing climate change and a possible future hydrogen economy. Hydrogen is a chemical widely used in various applications including ammonia production, oil refining and energy. The most common methods for producing hydrogen on an industrial scale are: Steam reforming, oil reforming, coal gasification, water electrolysis.
Hydrogen is not a primary energy source, because it is not naturally occurring as a fuel. It is, however, widely regarded as an ideal energy storage medium, due to the ease with which electricity can convert water into hydrogen and oxygen through electrolysis and can be converted back to electrical power using a fuel cell or hydrogen turbine. There are a wide number of different types of fuel and electrolysis cells.
The potential environmental impact depends primarily on the methods used to generate hydrogen as a fuel.
Fuel cells
Alkaline fuel cell (AFC)
Direct borohydride fuel cell (DBFC)
Direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC)
Direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC)
Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC)
Electro-galvanic fuel cell (EGFC)
Flow battery (RFC)
Formic acid fuel cell (FAFC)
Metal hydride fuel cell (MHFC)
Microbial fuel cell (MFC)
Molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC)
Phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC)
Photoelectrochemical cell (PEC)
Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)
Protonic ceramic fuel cell (PCFC)
Regenerative fuel cell (RFC)
Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)
Hydrogen infrastructure
Hydrogen plant (Steam reformer)
Hydrogen pipeline transport
Hydrogen pressure letdown station
Compressed hydrogen tube trailer
Liquid hydrogen tank truck
Hydrogen piping
Hydrogen station
HCNG
Homefueler
Home Energy Station
Hydrogen highway
Zero Regio
Hydrogen compressor
Electrochemical hydrogen compressor
Guided rotor compressor
Hydride compressor
Ionic liquid piston compressor
Linear compressor
Hydrogen turboexpander-generator
Hydrogen leak testing
Hydrogen sensor
Hydrogen purifier
Hydrogen analyzer
Hydrogen valve
Hydrogen storage
Compressed hydrogen
Cryo-adsorption
Liquid hydrogen
Slush hydrogen
Underground hydrogen storage
Hydrogen tank
Power to gas
Hydrogen vehicles
Historic hydrogen filled airships
Hindenburg (airship)
Zeppelin
Hydrogen powered cars
Audi:
2004 – Audi A2H2-hybrid vehicle
2009 – Audi Q5-FCEV
BMW:
2002 – BMW 750hl
2010 – BMW 1 Series Fuel-cell hybrid electric
Chrysler:
2000 – Jeep Commander II-hybrid vehicle-Commercial
2001 – Chrysler Natrium-hybrid vehicle
2003 – Jeep Treo-Fuel cell
Daimler:
1994 – Mercedes-Benz NECAR 1
1996 – Mercedes-Benz NECAR 2
1997 – Mercedes-Benz NECAR 3
1999 – Mercedes-Benz NECAR 4
2000 – Mercedes-Benz NECAR 5
2002 – Mercedes-Benz F-Cell based on the Mercedes-Benz A-Class
2005 – Mercedes-Benz F600 Hygenius
2009 – Mercedes-Benz F-CELL Roadster
2009 – Mercedes-Benz F-Cell based on the Mercedes-Benz B-Class
Fiat:
2001 – Fiat Seicento Elettra H2 Fuel Cell-hybrid vehicle
2003 – Fiat Seicento Hydrogen-hybrid vehicle
2005 – Fiat Panda Hydrogen-Fuel cell
2008 – Fiat Phyllis-Fuel cell
2008 – Fiat Panda-Fiat Panda HyTRAN
Ford:
2000 – Ford Focus FCV-Fuel cell. Note however that Ford Motor Company has dropped its plans to develop hydrogen cars, stating that "The next major step in Ford’s plan is to increase over time the volume of electrified vehicles".
2006 – F-250 Super Chief a Tri-Flex engine concept pickup.
Forze Hydrogen-Electric Racing Team Delft
2016 – Forze-Fuel cell
General Motors:
1966 – GM Electrovan-Fuel cell
2001 – HydroGen3-Fuel cell
2002 – GM HyWire-Fuel cell
2005 – GM Sequel-hybrid vehicle
2006 – Chevrolet Equinox Fuel Cell
2007 – HydroGen4
Honda:
2002 – Honda FCX – hybrid vehicle
2007 – Honda FCX Clarity – Hydrogen Fuel cell – Production model
Hyundai:
2001 – Hyundai Santa Fe FCEV
2010 – Hyundai ix35 FCEV
Lotus Engineering:
2010 – Black Cab-Fuel cell
Kia:
2009 – Kia Borrego FCEV-Fuel cell
Mazda:
1991 – Mazda HR-X Hydrogen Wankel Rotary.
1993 – Mazda HR-X2 Hydrogen Wankel Rotary.
1993 – Mazda MX-5 Miata Hydrogen Wankel Rotary.
1995 – Mazda Capella Cargo, first public street test of the hydrogen Wankel Rotary engine.
1997 – Mazda Demio FC-EV Methanol-Reducing Fuel Cell
2001 – Mazda Premacy FC-EV – First public street test of the Methanol-Reducing Fuel Cell vehicle in Japan
2003 – Mazda RX-8 Hydrogen RE Hydrogen \ Gasoline hybrid Wankel Rotary.
2007 – Mazda Premacy Hydrogen RE Hybrid
2009 – Mazda 5 Hydrogen RE Hybrid
Mitsubishi:
2004 – Mitsubishi FCV
Morgan:
2005 – Morgan LIFEcar-hybrid vehicle-concept car
Nissan:
2002 – Nissan X-Trail FCHV-hybrid vehicle. Note, however that in 2009, Nissan announced that it is cancelling its hydrogen car R&D efforts.
Peugeot:
2004 – Peugeot Quark
2006 – Peugeot 207 Epure
2008 – H2Origin-Fuel cell
Renault:
Scenic ZEV H2 is a hydro-electric MPV co-developed by Nissan.
Riversimple:
2009 – Riversimple Urban Car
Ronn Motor Company:
2008 – Ronn Motor Scorpion
Toyota:
2002 – Toyota FCHV-hybrid vehicle
2003 – Toyota Fine-S-concept car
2003 – Toyota Fine-N-concept car
2005 – Toyota Fine-T-concept car
2005 – Toyota Fine-X-concept car
2008 – Toyota FCHV-adv-preproduction vehicle (expected public release 2015)
Volkswagen:
2000 – VW Bora Hy-motion-Fuel cell
2002 – VW Bora Hy-power-Fuel cell
2004 – VW Touran Hy-motion-Fuel cell
2007 – VW space up! blue
Hydrogen powered planes
Hyfish
Smartfish
Tupolev Tu-155-hydrogen-powered version of Tu-154
Antares DLR-H2 -The first aircraft capable of performing a complete flight on fuel-cell power only
Possible future aircraft using precooled jet engines include Reaction Engines Skylon and the Reaction Engines A2.
Hydrogen powered rockets
The following rockets were/are partially or completely propelled by hydrogen fuel:
Saturn V (upper stage)
Space Shuttle
Ariane 5
Delta IV
Atlas V (Centaur upper stage)
CE-20 (cryogenic rocket engine for upper stage of GSLV-III)
Related technologies
Environmental
Anaerobic digestion
Dark fermentation
Photofermentation
Syngas
Nuclear
Generation IV reactor
Hydrogen bomb
Organic chemistry
Dehydrogenation
Hydrogenation
Hydrogenolysis
Miscellaneous
Hydrogen odorant
Atomic hydrogen welding
Hydrogen-cooled turbogenerator
Oxyhydrogen flame
Low hydrogen annealing
Hydrogen decrepitation process (HD)
Hydrogenation disproportionation desorption and recombination (HDDR)
Standard hydrogen electrode
Reversible hydrogen electrode
Dynamic hydrogen electrode
Palladium-Hydrogen electrode
Cathodic protection
Iron-hydrogen resistor
Hydrogen pinch
Hofmann voltameter
Hydrox
Hydreliox
Joule-Thomson effect
Hydrogen ion
Bussard ramjet
Döbereiner's lamp
Nickel hydrogen battery
Gas-absorption refrigerator
Electroosmotic pump
Sodium silicide
Temperature-programmed reduction
Hydrogen damage
Hydrogen embrittlement
See also
National Center for Hydrogen Technology
Methane pyrolysis
References
Hydrogen economy
Industrial gases
Hydrogenation