Dahlgren system

Dahlgren system
One of the modern systems of plant taxonomy, the Dahlgren system was published by monocot specialist Rolf Dahlgren in 1975 and revised in 1977, and 1980. However, he is best known for his two treatises on monocotyledons in 1982 and revised in 1985. His wife Gertrud Dahlgren continued the work after his death.
Dahlgren ranked the dicotyledons and monocotyledons as subclasses of the class of flowering plants (angiosperms) and further divided them into superorders. Originally (1975) he used the suffix -anae, as did Cronquist, to designate these, but in 1980 changed this to -florae in accordance with Thorne. In the 1989 revision, published by his wife, the alternate names Magnoliidae and Liliidae were dropped in favour of Dicotyledon and Monocotyledon, and the suffix -florae reverted to -anae (e.g. Alismatanae for Alismatiflorae).
Reveal provides an extensive listing of Dahlgren's classification. (Note the synonyms, both nomenclatural and taxonomic, for each name in the system.)
1980 system
Summary
Class Magnoliopsida (flowering plants (Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta)
Subclass Magnoliidae (dicotyledons) 24 superorders
Superorder Magnoliiflorae
Superorder Nymphaeiflorae
Superorder Ranunculiflorae
Superorder Caryophylliflorae
Superorder Polygoniflorae
Superorder Malviflorae
Superorder Violiflorae
Superorder Theiflorae
Superorder Primuliflorae
Superorder Rosiflorae
Superorder Podostemiflorae
Superorder Fabiflorae
Superorder Proteiflorae
Superorder Myrtiflorae
Superorder Rutiflorae
Superorder Santaliflorae
Superorder Balanophoriflorae
Superorder Araliiflorae
Superorder Asteriflorae
Superorder Solaniflorae
Superorder Corniflorae
Superorder Loasiflorae
Superorder Gentianiflorae
Superorder Lamiiflorae
Subclass Liliidae (monocotyledons) 7 superorders
Superorder Alismatiflorae
Superorder Triuridiflorae
Superorder Ariflorae
Superorder Liliiflorae
Superorder Zingiberiflorae
Superorder Commeliniflorae
Superorder Areciflorae
Magnoliidae (dicotyledons)
Subclass Magnoliiflorae
Superorder Magnolianae
Order Annonales
Family Annonaceae
Family Myristicaceae
Family Eupomatiaceae
Family Canellaceae
Family Austrobaileyaceae
Order Aristolochiales
Family Aristolochiaceae
Order Rafflesiales
Family Rafflesiaceae
Family Hydnoraceae
Order Magnoliales
Family Degeneriaceae
Family Himantandraceae
Family Magnoliaceae
Order Lactoridales
Family Lactoridaceae
Order Winterales
Family Winteraceae
Order Chloranthales
Family Chloranthaceae
Order Illiciales
Family Illiciaceae
Family Schisandraceae
Order Laurales
Family Amborellaceae
Family Trimeniaceae
Family Monimiaceae
Family Gomortegaceae
Family Calycanthaceae
Family Lauraceae
Order Nelumbonales
Family Nelumbonaceae
Superorder Nymphaeiflorae
Order Piperales
Family Saururaceae
Family Piperaceae
Order Nymphaeales
Family Cabombaceae
Family Nymphaeaceae
Family Ceratophyllaceae
Superorder Ranunculiflorae
Order Ranunculales
Family Lardizabalaceae
Family Sargentodoxaceae
Family Menispermaceae
Family Kingdoniaceae
Family Circaeasteraceae
Family Ranunculaceae
Family Hydrastidaceae
Family Berberidaceae
Order Papaverales
Family Papaveraceae
Family Fumariaceae
Superorder Caryophylliflorae
Order Caryophyllales
Family Molluginaceae
Family Caryophyllaceae
Family Phytolaccaceae
Family Achatocarpaceae
Family Agdestidaceae
Family Basellaceae
Family Portulacaceae
Family Stegnospermataceae
Family Nyctaginaceae
Family Aizoaceae
Family Halophytaceae
Family Cactaceae
Family Didiereaceae
Family Hectorellaceae
Family Chenopodiaceae
Family Amaranthaceae
Superorder Polygoniflorae
Order Polygonales
Family Polygonaceae
Superorder Malviflorae
Order Malvales
Family Sterculiaceae
Family Plagiopteraceae
Family Bixaceae
Family Cochlospermaceae
Family Cistaceae
Family Sphaerosepalaceae
Family Sarcolaenaceae
Family Huaceae
Family Tiliaceae
Family Dipterocarpaceae
Family Bombacaceae
Family Malvaceae
Order Urticales
Family Ulmaceae
Family Moraceae
Family Cecropiaceae
Family Barbeyaceae
Family Cannabaceae
Family Urticaceae
Order Euphorbiales
Family Euphorbiaceae
Family Simmondsiaceae
Family Pandaceae
Family Aextoxicaceae
Family Dichapetalaceae
Order Plumbaginales
Family Plumbaginaceae
Family Limoniaceae
Order Thymelaeales
Family Gonystylaceae
Family Thymelaeaceae
Order Rhamnales
Family Rhamnaceae
Superorder Violiflorae
Order Violales
Family Flacourtiaceae
Family Berberidopsidaceae
Family Aphloiaceae
Family Physenaceae
Family Passifloraceae
Family Dipentodontaceae
Family Peridiscaceae
Family Scyphostegiaceae
Family Violaceae
Family Turneraceae
Family Malesherbiaceae
Family Caricaceae
Order Cucurbitales
Family Achariaceae
Family Cucurbitaceae
Family Begoniaceae
Family Datiscaceae
Order Salicales
Family Salicaceae
Order Tamaricales
Family Tamaricaceae
Family Frankeniaceae
Order Capparales
Family Capparaceae
Family Brassicaceae
Family Tovariaceae
Family Resedaceae
Family Gyrostemonaceae
Family Bataceae
Family Moringaceae
Order Tropaeolales
Family Tropaeolaceae
Family Limnanthaceae
Order Salvadorales
Family Salvadoraceae
Superorder Theiflorae
Order Dilleniales
Family Dilleniaceae
Order Paeoniales
Family Glaucidiaceae
Family Paeoniaceae
Order Theales
Family Stachyuraceae
Family Pentaphylacaceae
Family Marcgraviaceae
Family Quiinaceae
Family Ancistrocladaceae
Family Dioncophyllaceae
Family Nepenthaceae
Family Medusagynaceae
Family Caryocaraceae
Family Strasburgeriaceae
Family Ochnaceae
Family Chrysobalanaceae
Family Oncothecaceae
Family Scytopetalaceae
Family Theaceae
Family Bonnetiaceae
Family Clusiaceae
Family Elatinaceae
Order Lecythidales
Family Lecythidaceae
Superorder Primuliflorae
Order Primulales
Family Myrsinaceae
Family Aegicerataceae
Family Theophrastaceae
Family Primulaceae
Family Coridaceae
Order Ebenales
Family Sapotaceae
Family Styracaceae
Family Lissocarpaceae
Family Ebenaceae
Superorder Rosiflorae
Order Trochodendrales
Family Trochodendraceae
Family Tetracentraceae
Order Cercidiphyllales
Family Cercidiphyllaceae
Family Eupteleaceae
Order Hamamelidales
Family Hamamelidaceae
Family Platanaceae
Family Myrothamnaceae
Order Balanopales
Family Balanopaceae
Order Fagales
Family Nothofagaceae
Family Fagaceae
Family Corylaceae
Family Betulaceae
Order Juglandales
Family Rhoipteleaceae
Family Juglandaceae
Order Myricales
Family Myricaceae
Order Casuarinales
Family Casuarinaceae
Order Buxales
Family Buxaceae
Family Daphniphyllaceae
Family Didymelaceae
Order Geissolomatales
Family Geissolomataceae
Order Cunoniales
Family Cunoniaceae
Family Baueraceae
Family Brunelliaceae
Family Davidsoniaceae
Family Eucryphiaceae
Family Bruniaceae
Family Grubbiaceae
Order Saxifragales
Family Saxifragaceae
Family Francoaceae
Family Greyiaceae
Family Brexiaceae
Family Grossulariaceae
Family Iteaceae
Family Cephalotaceae
Family Crassulaceae
Order Droserales
Family Droseraceae
Family Lepuropetalaceae
Family Parnassiaceae
Order Rosales
Family Rosaceae
Family Neuradaceae
Family Malaceae
Family Amygdalaceae
Family Anisophylleaceae
Family Crossosomataceae
Family Surianaceae
Family Rhabdodendraceae
Order Gunnerales
Family Gunneraceae
Superorder Podostemiflorae
Order Podostemales
Family Podostemaceae (including Tristichaceae)
Superorder Fabiflorae
Order Fabales
Family Mimosaceae
Family Caesalpiniaceae
Family Fabaceae
Superorder Proteiflorae
Order Proteales
Family Proteaceae
Order Elaeagnales
Family Elaeagnaceae
Superorder Myrtiflorae
Order Myrtales
Family Psiloxylaceae
Family Heteropyxidaceae
Family Myrtaceae
Family Onagraceae
Family Trapaceae
Family Lythraceae
Family Combretaceae
Family Melastomataceae
Family Memecylaceae
Family Crypteroniaceae
Family Oliniaceae
Family Penaeaceae
Family Rhynchocalycaceae
Family Alzateaceae
Order Haloragales
Family Haloragaceae
Superorder Rutiflorae
Order Sapindales
Family Coriariaceae
Family Anacardiaceae
Family Leitneriaceae
Family Podoaceae
Family Sapindaceae
Family Hippocastanaceae
Family Aceraceae
Family Akaniaceae
Family Bretschneideraceae
Family Emblingiaceae
Family Staphyleaceae
Family Melianthaceae
Family Sabiaceae
Family Meliosmaceae
Family Connaraceae
Order Rutales
Family Rutaceae
Family Ptaeroxylaceae
Family Cneoraceae
Family Simaroubaceae
Family Tepuianthaceae
Family Burseraceae
Family Meliaceae
Order Polygalales
Family Malpighiaceae
Family Trigoniaceae
Family Vochysiaceae
Family Polygalaceae
Family Krameriaceae
Order Geraniales
Family Zygophyllaceae
Family Nitrariaceae
Family Peganaceae
Family Balanitaceae
Family Erythroxylaceae
Family Humiriaceae
Family Linaceae
Family Ctenolophonaceae
Family Ixonanthaceae
Family Lepidobotryaceae
Family Oxalidaceae (including Averrhoaceae)
Family Geraniaceae
Family Dirachmaceae
Family Ledocarpaceae
Family Vivianiaceae
Family Biebersteiniaceae
Order Linales (incorporated into Geraniales)
Family Linaceae
Family Humiriaceae
Family Ctenolophonaceae
Family Ixonanthaceae
Family Erythroxylaceae
Family Lepidobotryaceae
Family Oxalidaceae
Order Celastrales
Family Stackhousiaceae
Family Lophopyxidaceae
Family Cardiopteridaceae
Family Corynocarpaceae
Family Celastraceae
Order Rhizophorales
Family Rhizophoraceae
Family Elaeocarpaceae
Order Balsaminales
Family Balsaminaceae
Superorder Santaliflorae
Order Santalales
Family Olacaceae
Family Opiliaceae
Family Loranthaceae
Family Medusandraceae
Family Misodendraceae
Family Eremolepidaceae
Family Santalaceae
Family Viscaceae
Superorder Balanophoriflorae
Order Balanophorales
Family Cynomoriaceae
Family Balanophoraceae
Superorder Araliiflorae
Order Pittosporales
Family Pittosporaceae
Family Tremandraceae
Family Byblidaceae
Order Araliales
Family Araliaceae
Family Apiaceae
Superorder Asteriflorae
Order Campanulales
Family Pentaphragmataceae
Family Campanulaceae
Family Lobeliaceae
Order Asterales
Family Asteraceae
Superorder Solaniflorae
Order Solanales
Family Solanaceae
Family Sclerophylacaceae
Family Goetzeaceae
Family Convolvulaceae
Family Cuscutaceae
Family Cobaeaceae
Family Polemoniaceae
Order Boraginales
Family Hydrophyllaceae
Family Ehretiaceae
Family Boraginaceae
Family Lennoaceae
Family Hoplestigmataceae
Superorder Corniflorae
Order Fouquieriales
Family Fouquieriaceae
Order Ericales
Family Actinidiaceae
Family Clethraceae
Family Cyrillaceae
Family Ericaceae
Family Empetraceae
Family Monotropaceae
Family Pyrolaceae
Family Epacridaceae
Order Eucommiales
Family Eucommiaceae
Order Sarraceniales
Family Sarraceniaceae
Order Cornales
Family Garryaceae
Family Alangiaceae
Family Nyssaceae
Family Cornaceae
Family Roridulaceae
Family Davidiaceae
Family Escalloniaceae
Family Helwingiaceae
Family Torricelliaceae
Family Aucubaceae
Family Aralidiaceae
Family Diapensiaceae
Family Phellinaceae
Family Aquifoliaceae
Family Paracryphiaceae
Family Sphenostemonaceae
Family Symplocaceae
Family Icacinaceae
Family Montiniaceae
Family Columelliaceae
Family Stylidiaceae (including Donatiaceae)
Family Alseuosmiaceae
Family Hydrangeaceae
Family Sambucaceae
Family Viburnaceae
Family Menyanthaceae
Family Adoxaceae
Family Phyllonomaceae
Family Tribelaceae
Family Eremosynaceae
Family Pterostemonaceae
Family Tetracarpaeaceae
Order Dipsacales
Family Caprifoliaceae
Family Valerianaceae
Family Dipsacaceae
Family Morinaceae
Family Calyceraceae
Superorder Loasiflorae
Order Loasales
Family Loasaceae
Superorder Gentianiflorae
Order Goodeniales
Family Goodeniaceae
Order Oleales
Family Oleaceae
Order Gentianales
Family Desfontainiaceae
Family Loganiaceae
Family Dialypetalanthaceae
Family Rubiaceae
Family Theligonaceae
Family Gentianaceae
Family Saccifoliaceae
Family Apocynaceae
Family Asclepiadaceae
Superorder Lamiiflorae
Order Lamiales
Family Retziaceae
Family Stilbaceae
Family Buddlejaceae
Family Scrophulariaceae
Family Myoporaceae
Family Globulariaceae
Family Plantaginaceae
Family Lentibulariaceae
Family Pedaliaceae
Family Trapellaceae
Family Martyniaceae
Family Gesneriaceae
Family Bignoniaceae
Family Acanthaceae
Family Verbenaceae
Family Lamiaceae
Family Callitrichaceae
Order Hydrostachyales
Family Hydrostachyaceae
Order Hippuridales
Family Hippuridaceae
1982 system (monocotyledons)
Summary
Six superorders
Superorder Alismatiflorae
Superorder Ariflorae
Superorder Liliiflorae
Superorder Zingiberiflorae
Superorder Commeliniflorae
Superorder Areciflorae
Details
Superorder Alismatiflorae 5 orders
Superorder Ariflorae 1 order
Order Arales
Superorder Liliiflorae 11 orders
Order Dioscoreales
Order Taccales
Order Asparagales
Family Smilacaceae
Family Petermanniaceae
Family Philesiaceae
Family Convallariaceae
Family Asparagaceae
Family Herreriaceae
Family Dracaenaceae
Family Doryanthaceae
Family Dasypogonaceae
Family Phormiaceae
Family Xanthorrhoeaceae
Family Agavaceae
Family Hypoxidaceae
Family Asphodelaceae
Family Aphyllanthaceae
Family Dianellaceae
Family Tecophilaeaceae
Family Cyanastraceae
Family Eriospermaceae
Family Hemerocallidaceae
Family Funkiaceae
Family Hyacinthaceae
Family Alliaceae
Family Amaryllidaceae
Order Liliales
Family Iridaceae
Family Geosiridaceae
Family Colchicaceae
Family Alstroemeriaceae
Family Tricyrtidaceae
Family Calochortaceae
Family Liliaceae
Family Melanthiaceae
Order Burmanniales
Order Orchidales
Order Pontederiales
Order Haemodorales
Order Philydrales
Order Velloziales
Order Bromeliales
Superorder Zingiberiflorae 1 order
Order Zingiberales
Superorder Commeliniflorae 8 orders
Superorder Areciflorae 3 orders
1985 system (monocotyledons)
Summary
Ten superorders
Superorder Liliiflorae
Superorder Ariflorae
Superorder Triuridiflorae
Superorder Alismatiflorae
Superorder Bromeliiflorae
Superorder Zingiberiflorae
Superorder Commeliniflorae
Superorder Cyclanthiflorae
Superorder Areciflorae
Superorder Pandaniflorae
Details
Liliiflorae
Superorder Liliiflorae 6 orders p. 107
Order Dioscoreales
Family Trichopodaceae
Family Dioscoreaceae
Family Taccaceae
Family Stemonaceae
Family Trilliaceae
Family Smilacaceae
Family Petermanniaceae
Order Asparagales
Family Philesiaceae
Family Luzuriagaceae
Family Convallariaceae
Family Asparagaceae
Family Ruscaceae
Family Herreriaceae
Family Dracaenaceae
Family Nolinaceae
Family Asteliaceae
Family Hanguanaceae
Family Dasypogonaceae
Family Calectasiaceae
Family Blandfordiaceae
Family Xanthorrhoeaceae
Family Agavaceae
Family Hypoxidaceae
Family Tecophilaeaceae
Family Cyanastraceae
Family Eriospermaceae
Family Ixioliriaceae
Family Phormiaceae
Family Doryanthaceae
Family Hemerocallidaceae
Family Asphodelaceae
Family Anthericaceae
Family Aphyllanthaceae
Family Funkiaceae
Family Hyacinthaceae
Family Alliaceae
Family Amaryllidaceae
Tribe Amaryllideae
Tribe Hippeastrae
Tribe Lycoridae
Tribe Stenomesseae
Tribe Eucharideae
Tribe Pancratieae
Tribe Narcisseae
Tribe Galantheae
Order Melanthiales
Family Melanthiaceae
Family Campynemaceae
Order Burmanniales
Family Burmanniaceae
Family Thismiaceae
Family Corsiaceae
Order Liliales
Family Alstroemeriaceae
Family Colchicaceae
Family Uvulariaceae
Family Calochortaceae
Family Liliaceae
Family Geosiridaceae
Family Iridaceae
Order Orchids
Family Apostasiaceae
Family Cypripediaceae
Family Orchidaceae
Ariflorae
Superorder Ariflorae 1 order p. 275
Order Arales
Family Araceae
Family Lemnaceae
Triuridiflorae
Superorder Triuridiflorae 1 order p. 287
Order Triuridales
Family Triuridaceae
Alismatiflorae
Superorder Alismatiflorae 2 orders p. 292
Order Alismatales
Family Aponogetonaceae
Family Butomaceae
Family Limnocharitaceae
Family Alismataceae
Family Hydrocharitaceae
Order Najadales
Family Scheuchzeriaceae
Family Juncaginaceae
Family Potamogetonaceae
Family Posidoniaceae
Family Zosteraceae
Family Zannichelliaceae
Family Cymodoceaceae
Family Najadaceae
Bromeliiflorae
Superorder Bromeliflorae 6 orders p. 323
Order Velloziales
Family Velloziaceae
Order Bromeliales
Family Bromeliaceae
Order Philydrales
Family Philydraceae
Order Haemodorales
Family Haemodoraceae
Order Pontederiales
Family Pontederiaceae
Order Typhales
Family Sparganiaceae
Family Typhaceae
Zingiberiflorae
Superorder Zingiberiflorae 1 order p. 350
Order Zingiberales
Family Lowiaceae
Family Musaceae
Family Heliconiaceae
Family Strelitziaceae
Family Zingiberaceae
Family Costaceae
Family Cannaceae
Family Marantaceae
Commeliniflorae
Superorder Commeliniflorae 4 orders p. 374
Order Commelinales
Family Commelinaceae
Family Mayacaceae
Family Xyridaceae
Family Rapateaceae
Family Eriocaulaceae
Order Hydatellales
Family Hydatellaceae
Order Cyperales
Family Juncaceae
Family Thurniaceae
Family Cyperaceae
Order Poales
Family Flagellariaceae
Family Joinvilleaceae
Family Poaceae
Family Ecdeiocolaceae
Family Anarthriaceae
Family Restionaceae
Family Centrolepidaceae
Cyclanthiflorae
Superorder Cyclanthiflorae 1 order p. 461
Order Cyclanthales
Family Cyclanthaceae
Areciflorae
Superorder Areciflorae 1 order p. 467
Order Arecales
Family Arecaceae
Pandaniflorae
Superorder Pandaniflorae 1 order p. 480
Order Pandanales
Family Pandanaceae
Notes
References
Bibliography
, in
Additional excerpts
system, Dahlgren