Rockdale County, Georgia

Rockdale County, Georgia
Rockdale County is a county located in the North Central portion in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 93,570 up from 85,215 in 2010. The county seat is Conyers.
Rockdale County is included in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History
Rockdale County was created on October 18, 1870 and received its name from Rockdale Baptist Church (est. 1846), which was named after the granite strata that rests under the county's red clay top soil. A bill introduced by John F. Hardin and John Harris carved Rockdale out of the northern portion of Newton County; parts of Rockdale County also came from neighboring Henry, Walton, Gwinnett, and DeKalb counties. Conyers, Rockdale's only incorporated town and urban center, became the county seat.
Prior to Rockdale becoming a county, the land had been inhabited by the Creek and Cherokee; the boundary between the two native nations, the Hightower Trail, ran directly through the area. Burial remains have been discovered in the Honey Creek and Hi-Roc areas. Whites began migrating to the area in the early 19th century and initial white settlers suffered from Indian raids. Early white settlements developed along Big Haynes Creek in the northern part of the county, the Yellow River in the middle portion of the county, and Honey Creek in the south.
Communities formed around grist mills and newly formed churches such as Haralson Mill, Costleys Mill, Dial Mill, Zacharys Mill, McElroys Mill, Union Grove Baptist Church, Ebenezer Methodist Church, Philadelphia Methodist Church, Salem Baptist Church, Smyrna Presbyterian Church, Pleasant Hill Baptist Church, Bethel Christian Church, Honey Creek Baptist Church, and Whites Chapel Methodist Church. Other communities included Magnet and Zingara. These settlers were largely subsistence farmers.
During the American Civil War, General William Tecumseh Sherman marched the Union Army north of Conyers on his way to Covington from Lithonia. Seizure and destruction of property accompanied his army's march through the area. Many of the residents of Conyers, fearing Sherman would raze the city, fled to nearby Social Circle in Walton County, since Conyers was an important stop on the Georgia Railroad, but Conyers remained unscathed by the war.
The city is a fine example of residential and commercial architecture of the 19th century. According to a historical marker on U.S. Highway 278 west of Conyers, Major General Joseph Wheeler of the Confederate States Army and part of his staff were captured by Union troops pursuing Jefferson Davis on May 9, 1865. Wheeler was later released in Athens only to be recaptured again. He was wounded three times and had his horse shot out from under him sixteen times.
During Reconstruction, Conyers and Rockdale County experienced tremendous growth. According to the local newspaper, The Weekly Farmer, the population of Conyers increased from 300 to 2,000. The number of stores, businesses, schools, and churches of the county rapidly multiplied as well. Parts of the county were infamous for moonshining and the county became dry in 1882, prohibiting the sale and manufacture of liquor except by a licensed pharmacist as prescribed by a physician. The economy of the county was still based primarily on agriculture into the early 20th century. The PBS documentary The Lost Children of Rockdale County is about a syphilis outbreak which occurred in the county during the 1990s.
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (1.7%) is water. It is the second-smallest county in Georgia by area, ahead of Clarke County.
The entirety of Rockdale County is located in the Upper Ocmulgee River sub-basin of the Altamaha River basin.
Adjacent counties
Newton County – Southeast
Henry County – southwest
DeKalb County – west
Walton County – northeast
Gwinnett County – north
Transportation
Major highways
Interstate 20
U.S. Route 278
State Route 12
State Route 20
State Route 138
State Route 162
State Route 212
State Route 402 (unsigned designation for I-20)
The county features an interchange of I-20 and SR 20. In order to ease potential motorist confusion, the concurrency of SR 20 & 138 is usually called just "138".
Pedestrians and cycling
Arabia Mountain Path
Conyers Trail
Deer Run Trial
Rockdale River Trail
S River Trail
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 93,570 people, 32,792 households, and 23,533 families residing in the county.
2010 census
According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the racial makeup of the county was 40.9% White, 45.8% Black, 0.2% American Indian, 1.8% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, 0.3% Other race, and 1.6% from two or more races. 9.5% of the population was Hispanic or Latino.
There were 24,052 households, out of which 39.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.60% were married couples living together, 12.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.50% were non-families. 16.90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.87 and the average family size was 3.20.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 27.50% under the age of 18, 8.80% from 18 to 24, 30.50% from 25 to 44, 24.00% from 45 to 64, and 9.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.40 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $53,599, and the median income for a family was $60,065. Males had a median income of $41,087 versus $29,189 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,300. About 5.70% of families and 8.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.00% of those under age 18 and 7.70% of those age 65 or over.
Education
Government and policing
Rockdale County Sheriff
The Sheriff's Office provides police patrol to the county areas other than in Conyers which has a municipal police department. The Sheriff also protects the court, maintains the county prison, and provides administration services.
Politics
A former Republican stronghold, Rockdale County has undergone a massive shift towards the Democratic Party in recent decades, primarily due to large growth of the African-American population. In 2000, Republican presidential nominee George W. Bush won 62.64% of the county's vote, defeating Democrat Al Gore by 29 percentage points. However, just 20 years later, Democratic nominee Joe Biden won 69.88% of the county's vote, defeating Republican incumbent Donald Trump by more than 40 percentage points.
Notable people
Jill Arrington, ESPN college football reporter
Billy Buckner, former Major League Baseball player
Cartel's Will Pugh, Joseph Pepper, Jeff Lett, Nic Hudson, & Kevin Sanders
David Elder, former Major League Baseball player
Dakota Fanning, actress
Elle Fanning, actress
Holly Hunter, actress
John Mark Karr, JonBenét Ramsey's falsely claimed murderer
Clint Mathis, World Cup soccer player
Jack McBrayer, actor
Kevin Ware, current college basketball player
E.R. Shipp - Pulitzer Prize recipient
Grady Jarrett - NFL player
Attractions
Georgia International Horse Park
Black Shoals Lake and Covered Bridge
Old Towne Conyers Historic District
Monastery of the Holy Spirit
Salem Campground
Smyrna Campground
Milstead Historic Mill Village
Panola Mountain State Park
Rockdale Baptist Church
Georgia Revolution FC
Communities
Conyers
Lakeview Estates
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Rockdale County, Georgia
List of counties in Georgia
Sources
Margaret G. Barksdale, E. L. Cowan, Francis A. King, eds. A History of Rockdale County (Conyers, Ga., 1978).
The Heritage of Rockdale County, Georgia (Waynesville, N.C., 1998).
References
External links
Rockdale County Historic Maps
Rockdale County Courthouse
The Rockdale Citizen
The Rockdale News
Conyers-Rockdale Chamber of Commerce
Conyers Convention and Visitor's Bureau
The Lost Children of Rockdale County
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Rockdale
1870 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Populated places established in 1870
Black Belt (U.S. region)
Majority-minority counties in Georgia