Haemosporida

Haemosporida
The Haemosporida (sometimes called Haemospororida) are an order of intraerythrocytic parasitic alveolates.
Taxonomy
Over 500 species are in this order, organised into four families: the Garniidae, the Haemoproteidae, the Leucocytozoidae, and the Plasmodiidae. The majority of the species lie within three genera: Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, and Plasmodium.
The Haemoproteidae and the Plasmodiidae both produce pigment. These families have been placed in the suborder Laveraniina. Neither the Haemoproteidae nor the Leucocytozoidae have an asexual cycle in the peripheral blood. The Garniidae do not produce pigment, but do have an asexual cycle in the blood.
The taxa in detail are:
Family Garniidae
Genus Fallisia Lainson, Landau & Shaw 1974
Subgenus Fallisia
Subgenus Plasmodioides Gabaldon, Ulloa and Zerpa 1985
Genus Garnia Lainson, Landau and Shaw 1971
Genus Progarnia Lainson 1995
Family Haemoproteidae
Genus Johnsprentia Landau, Chavatte & Beveridge 2012
Genus Haemocystidium Castellani and Willey 1904, emend. Telford 1996
Genus Haemoproteus Kruse 1890
Subgenus Haemoproteus
Subgenus Parahaemoproteus Bennett et al 1965
Genus Paleohaemoproteus Poinar and Telford 2005
Genus Sprattiella Landau et al 2012
Family Leucocytozoidae
Genus Leucocytozoon Ziemann 1898 emend. Berestneff 1904, Sambon 1908
Subgenus Akiba
Subgenus Leucocytozoon
Family Plasmodiidae
Genus Bioccala Landau et al 1984
Genus Biguetiella Landau et al 1984
Genus Billbraya Paperna and Landau 1990
Genus Dionisia Landau et al 1980
Genus Hepatocystis Miller 1908
Genus Mesnilium Misra, Haldar and Chakravarty 1972
Genus Nycteria Garnham and Heisch 1953
Genus Plasmodium Marchiafava and Celli 1885
Subgenus Asiamoeba Telford 1988
Subgenus Bennettinia Valkiūnas 1997
Subgenus Carinamoeba Garnham 1966
Subgenus Giovannolaia Corradetti, Garnham & Laird 1963
Subgenus Haemamoeba Grassi & Feletti 1890
Subgenus Huffia Garnham & Laird 1963
Subgenus Lacertaemoba Telford 1988
Subgenus Laverania Bray 1963
Subgenus Novyella Corradetti, Garnham & Laird 1963
Subgenus Nyssorhynchus Poinar 2005
Subgenus Ophidiella Garnham 1966
Subgenus Papernaia Landau et al 2010
Subgenus Paraplasmodium Telford 1988
Subgenus Plasmodium Bray 1963 emend. Garnham 1964
Subgenus Sauramoeba Garnham 1966
Subgenus Vinckeia Garnham 1964
Genus Polychromophilus Landau et al 1984
Genus Rayella Dasgupta 1967
Genus Saurocytozoon Lainson and Shaw 1969
Genus †Vetufebrus Poinar 2011
Note
The genus Mesnilium is the only group that infects fish. The genus has a single species and has been reported only once. IThis genus may have been mistakenly placed in this genus. DNA studies are likely to be needed to clarify this point.
Several genera infect mammals: Bioccala, Biguetiella, Dionisia, Hepatocystis, Plasmodium,
Polychromophilus, Nycteria, and Rayella.
The insect vectors of Hepatocystis, Plasmodium and Polychromophilus are Ceratopogonidae, Culicidae, and Nycteribiidae, respectively. The vectors of Nycteria and Rayella are currently unknown. Bioccala also uses Nycteribiidae as its insect vector.
Rayella is thought to have originated from Hepatocystis.
Other genera that may be related
Chelonplasma
Pirhemocyton although once thought to be a protozoan has since been shown to be intraerythrocytic inclusion bodies due to a viral infection.
Phylogenetics
Morrison has shown using molecular data that the Haemosporidia are nested within the gregarines and that this clade is distinct from the piroplasms. This latter clade is a sister group of the coccidians.
References
Apicomplexa orders