List of official languages

List of official languages
This is a list of official, or otherwise administratively-recognized, languages of sovereign countries, regions, and supra-national institutions. The article also lists lots of languages which have no administrative mandate as an official language, generally describing these as de facto official languages.
Official languages of sovereign countries, wholly or partly
A
Abkhaz:
Abkhazia (with Russian; independence is disputed)
Afar:
Djibouti (with Arabic, French, Somali)
Afrikaans:
Namibia (with English and German)
South Africa (with English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
Aja-Gbe:
Benin (a national language along with Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official language is French)
Akan (Akuapem Twi, Asante Twi, Fante):
Ghana (a government-sponsored language along with Ewe-Gbe, Dagaare, Dagbani, Dangme, Ga, Gonja, Kasem, Nzema, the official language is English)
Albanian:
Albania
Kosovo (with Serbian)
North Macedonia (with Macedonian)
Amharic:
Ethiopia
Anii:
Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
Arabic (see also List of countries where Arabic is an official language):
Algeria (with Berber)
Bahrain
Chad (with French)
Comoros (with French and Comorian)
Djibouti (with French)
Egypt
Eritrea (with Tigrinya and English)
Iraq (with Kurdish)
Israel (with Hebrew)
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mali (with Tuareg and French)
Mauritania (with several national languages: Fula, Soninke, Wolof)
Morocco (with Berber)
Niger (with French, Buduma, Fula, Gourmanché, Hausa, Kanuri, Songhay-Zarma, Tamasheq, Tasawaq, Tebu)
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somaliland (with English and Somali; independence is disputed)
Somalia (with Somali)
Sudan (with English)
Syria
Tunisia
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
Armenian:
Armenia
Artsakh (independence disputed)
Assamese:
India (with 21 other regional languages, and with English as a link language)
Aymara:
Bolivia (with Spanish, Quechua, Guaraní and 33 other languages)
Peru (with Spanish and Quechua and other languages)
Azerbaijani:
Azerbaijan
B
Balanta:
Senegal (a national language along with Bassari, Bedik, Fula, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon, Safen, Serer, Soninke, Wolof, the official language is French)
Bambara:
see Manding
Mali (a national language along with Bomu, Bozo, Dogon, Fula, Mamara, Songhay, Soninke, Syenara, Tamasheq, the official language is French)
Bariba:
Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
Basque:
Co-official in some autonomous communities of Spain:
Basque Country
Navarre; both with Spanish
Bassari:
Senegal (a national language along with Balanta, Bedik, Fula, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon, Safen, Serer, Soninke, Wolof, the official language is French)
Bedik:
Senegal (a national language along with Balanta, Bassari, Fula, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon, Safen, Serer, Soninke, Wolof, the official language is French)
Belarusian:
Belarus (with Russian)
Bengali:
Bangladesh
India (with 21 other regional languages, and with English as a link language)
Sierra Leone
Berber:
Algeria (with Arabic)
Morocco (with Arabic)
Biali:
Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
Bislama:
Vanuatu (with English and French)
Boko:
Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
Bomu:
Mali (a national language along with Bambara, Bozo, Dogon, Fula, Mamara, Songhay, Soninke, Syenara, Tamasheq, the official language is French)
Bosnian:
Bosnia and Herzegovina (with Croatian, Serbian) (de facto)
Bozo:
Mali (a national language along with Bambara, Bomu, Dogon, Fula, Mamara, Songhay, Soninke, Syenara, Tamasheq, the official language is French)
Buduma:
Niger (with French, Arabic, Fula, Gourmanché, Hausa, Kanuri, Songhay-Zarma, Tamasheq, Tasawaq, Tebu)
Bulgarian:
Bulgaria
Burmese:
Myanmar (formerly Burma)
C
Cantonese:
Hong Kong (using Traditional Chinese characters); with Mandarin Chinese and English
Macau (using Traditional Chinese characters); with Mandarin Chinese and Portuguese
Catalan:
Andorra,
Co-official in some autonomous communities of Spain:
Balearic Islands
Catalonia
Valencian Community; all with Spanish
Chinese, Mandarin:
Mainland China (using Simplified Chinese characters)
Macau (using both Simplified Chinese characters and Traditional Chinese characters)
Hong Kong (using both Simplified Chinese characters and Traditional Chinese characters; with Cantonese and English)
Singapore (using Simplified Chinese characters; with English, Malay and Tamil)
Taiwan (using Traditional Chinese characters; other official languages of Taiwan are Formosan languages, Taiwanese Hokkien, Hakka and Taiwan Sign Language.)
Chichewa:
Malawi (with English)
Zimbabwe (with English, Shona, Ndebele, Chirbawe, Kalanga, "Koisan" (Tshuwau), Nambya, Ndau, Zimbabwean sign language, Tonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa)
Chirbawe (Sena):
see Sena
Comorian
Comoros (with Arabic and French)
Corsican :
France (with French)
Corsica
Croatian:
Croatia
Bosnia and Herzegovina (with Bosnian and Serbian) (de facto)
Czech:
Czech Republic
Slovakia (legislation states that a person using Czech language at a Slovak institution must be treated as if using Slovak language)
D
Dagaare:
Ghana (a government-sponsored language along with Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante), Ewe-Gbe, Dagbani, Dangme, Ga, Gonja, Kasem, Nzema, the official language is English)
Dagbani:
Ghana (a government-sponsored language along with Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante), Ewe-Gbe, Dagaare, Dangme, Ga, Gonja, Kasem, Nzema, the official language is English)
Dangme
Ghana (a government-sponsored language along with Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante), Ewe-Gbe, Dagaare, Dagbani, Ga, Gonja, Kasem, Nzema, the official language is English)
Danish:
Denmark
Faroe Islands (with Faroese)
Dari:
Afghanistan (a local variant of Persian, but defined as "Dari" in the Afghan constitution; together with Pashto)
Dendi:
Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
Dhivehi:
Maldives
Dioula:
see Manding
Burkina Faso (a national language along with Fula, Mossi and other languages, the official language is French)
Dogon:
Mali (a national language along with Bambara, Bomu, Bozo, Fula, Mamara, Songhay, Soninke, Syenara, Tamasheq, the official language is French)
Dutch:
Belgium (official language with French and German)
sole official language in:
Flanders
co-official language in:
Brussels (with French)
The Netherlands (sole official language in every province except Friesland, where West Frisian is co-official and the BES islands, where Papiamento and English are co-official)
Aruba (with Papiamento)
Curaçao (with Papiamento and English)
Sint Maarten (with English)
Suriname
Dzongkha:
Bhutan
E
English (see also List of countries where English is an official language):
Antigua and Barbuda
Australia
The Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Botswana (but the national language is Tswana)
Cameroon (with French)
Canada (with French)
Ontario (de facto; with limited French)
Quebec (with French)
Nova Scotia (de facto; with limited French & Gaelic)
New Brunswick (with French)
Manitoba (with French)
British Columbia (de facto; with limited French)
Prince Edward Island (de facto; with limited French)
Saskatchewan (de facto; with limited French)
Alberta (de facto; with limited French)
Newfoundland and Labrador (de facto; with limited French, Innu-aimun, & Inuttut)
Northwest Territories (with 10 others)
Yukon (with French)
Nunavut (with Inuit & French)
Curaçao (with Dutch and Papiamento)
Dominica
England
Eritrea (with Tigrinya and Arabic)
Eswatini (with Swati)
Fiji (with Bau Fijian and Fiji Hindi)
The Gambia
Ghana (with Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante), Ewe-Gbe, Dagaare, Dagbani, Dangme, Ga, Gonja, Kasem, Nzema)
Grenada
Guyana
Hong Kong (with Cantonese and Mandarin Chinese)
India (with 22 regional languages)
Republic of Ireland ("second official"; with Irish)
Jamaica
Kenya (with Swahili)
Kiribati
Lesotho (with Sotho)
Liberia
Malawi (with Chichewa)
Malaysia (de facto official language with Malay; still serves as official and national language with Malay in Sabah and Sarawak)
Malta (with Maltese)
Marshall Islands (with Marshallese)
Mauritius (with French)
Micronesia, Federated States of
Namibia (Afrikaans, German, and Oshiwambo are spoken regionally)
Nauru (with Nauruan)
New Zealand (with Māori and New Zealand Sign Language)
Nigeria (with Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba)
Pakistan (with Urdu as the national language)
Palau (with Palauan)
Papua New Guinea (with Tok Pisin and Hiri Motu)
Philippines (with Filipino)
Rwanda (with French and Kinyarwanda)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Samoa (with Samoan)
Seychelles (with Seychellois Creole and French)
Sierra Leone
Singapore (with Chinese, Malay, Tamil)
Sint Maarten (with Dutch)
Solomon Islands
Somaliland (with Arabic and Somali; independence is disputed)
South Africa (with Afrikaans, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
South Sudan
Sri Lanka (with Sinhala and Tamil)
Sudan (with Arabic)
Tanzania (with Swahili)
Tonga (with Tongan)
Trinidad and Tobago
Tuvalu (with Tuvaluan)
Uganda (with Swahili)
United Kingdom (de facto; individual countries in the UK have statutorily defined official languages, but the UK as a whole does not)
United States (de facto; the United States has no administratively mandated official language)
Vanuatu (with Bislama and French)
Zambia
Zimbabwe (with Shona, Ndebele, Chewa, Chirbawe, Kalanga, "Koisan" (Tshuwau), Nambya, Ndau, Zimbabwean sign language, Tonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa)
Estonian:
Estonia
Ewe-Gbe:
Ghana (a government-sponsored language along with Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante), Dagaare, Dagbani, Dangme Ga, Gonja, Kasem, Nzema, the official language is English)
Togo (with French and Kabye)
F
Faroese:
Faroe Islands
Denmark
Fijian:
Fiji (with English and Fiji Hindi)
Filipino:
Philippines (with English)
Finnish:
Finland (with Swedish)
Fon-Gbe:
Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
Foodo:
Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
Formosan:
Taiwan (other national languages of Taiwan are Mandarin, Taiwanese Hokkien, Hakka and Taiwan Sign Language.)
French (see also List of countries where French is an official language):
Belgium (official language with Dutch and German)
sole official language in:
Wallonia (except for the Canton of Eupen and the Canton of Sankt Vith, where German is the official language)
co-official language in:
Brussels (with Dutch)
Benin (with several national languages: Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba)
Burkina Faso (with several national languages including Dioula, Fula, Mossi)
Burundi (with Kirundi)
Cameroon (with English)
Canada (with English)
Quebec (with limited English)
New Brunswick (with English)
Manitoba (with English)
Northwest Territories (with 10 others)
Yukon (with English)
Nunavut (with Inuit & English)
Central African Republic (with Sango)
Chad (with Arabic)
Comoros (with Arabic and Comorian)
Ivory Coast
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Djibouti (with Arabic)
Equatorial Guinea (with Spanish and Portuguese)
France
French Guiana
French Polynesia
French Loyalty Islands
French Southern and Antarctic Lands
Scattered islands in the Indian Ocean
Guadeloupe
Martinique
Mayotte
New Caledonia
Réunion
Saint Barthélemy
Saint Martin
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Wallis and Futuna
(Adelie Land)
(Clipperton Island)
Gabon
Guernsey (with English)
Guinea (with several national languages: Fula, Kissi, Kpelle, Malinke, Susu, Toma, Oniyan, Wamey)
Haiti (with Haitian Creole)
Italy
Aosta Valley (with Italian)
Jersey (with English)
Luxembourg (with German and Luxembourgish)
Madagascar (with Malagasy)
Mali (with several national languages: Bambara, Bomu, Bozo, Dogon, Fula, Mamara, Songhay, Soninke, Syenara, Tamasheq)
Mauritius (with English)
Monaco
Niger (with Arabic, Buduma, Fula, Gourmanché, Hausa, Kanuri, Songhay-Zarma, Tamasheq, Tasawaq, Tebu)
Rwanda (with English and Kinyarwanda)
Senegal (with several national languages: Balanta, Bassari, Bedik, Fula, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon, Safen, Serer, Soninke, Wolof)
Seychelles (with Seychellois Creole and English)
Switzerland (National and official language with German, Italian, and (Romansh))
Official language in:
Canton of Geneva
Canton of Vaud
Canton of Jura
Canton of Neuchâtel
Canton of Fribourg (with German)
Canton of Berne (with German)
Canton of Valais (with German)
Togo (with Ewe-Gbe and Kabye)
Vanuatu (with Bislama and English)
Fula:
Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
Burkina Faso (a national language along with Dioula, Mossi and other languages, the official language is French)
Guinea (a national language along with Kissi, Kpelle, Malinke, Susu, Toma, Oniyan, Wamey, the official language is French)
Mali (a national language along with Bambara, Bomu, Bozo, Dogon, Mamara, Songhay, Soninke, Syenara, Tamasheq, the official language is French)
Mauritania (a national language along with Soninke, Wolof, the official language is Arabic)
Niger (with French, Arabic, Buduma, Gourmanché, Hausa, Kanuri, Songhay-Zarma, Tamasheq, Tasawaq, Tebu)
Senegal (a national language along with Balanta, Bassari, Bedik, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon, Safen, Serer, Soninke, Wolof, the official language is French)
G
Ga:
Ghana (a government-sponsored language along with Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante), Ewe-Gbe, Dagaare, Dagbani, Dangme, Gonja, Kasem, Nzema, the official language is English)
Gàidhlig:
Scotland (along with English and Scots)
Gbe:
see Aja-Gbe, Ewe-Gbe, Fon-Gbe, Gen-Gbe, Waci-Gbe, Xwela-Gbe
Gen-Gbe:
Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
Georgian:
Georgia
South Ossetia (with Ossetian and Russian; independence is disputed)
Abkhazia (with Georgian according to the Georgian constitution; independence is disputed)
German:
Austria (with Hungarian, Burgenland Croatian, and Slovene)
Belgium (official language with Dutch and French)
sole official language in:
Canton of Eupen
Canton of Sankt Vith
Brazil
Antônio Carlos
Santa Maria do Herval
Domingos Martins
Laranja da Terra
Pancas
Santa Maria de Jetibá
Vila Pavão
Pomerode
Canguçu
Germany
Liechtenstein
Luxembourg (with French and Luxembourgish)
Italy (in South Tyrol)
Namibia (with Afrikaans and English)
Switzerland (National and official language with French, Italian, and (Romansh))
Official language in 21 cantons:
17 of the 26 cantons (monolingually German)
Canton of Grisons (with Italian and Romansh)
Canton of Berne (with French)
Canton of Fribourg (with French)
Canton of Valais (with French)
Gonja:
Ghana (a government-sponsored language along with Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante), Ewe-Gbe, Dagaare, Dagbani, Dangme, Ga, Kasem, Nzema, the official language is English)
Gourmanché
Niger (with French, Arabic, Buduma, Fula, Hausa, Kanuri, Songhay-Zarma, Tamasheq, Tasawaq, Tebu)
Greek:
Greece
Cyprus (with Turkish)
Albania (Greek Minority Zone of Himara, Finiq and Dervican with Albanian)
Guaraní:
Paraguay (with Spanish)
Bolivia (with Spanish, Quechua, Aymara and 33 other languages)
Gujarati:
India
H
Haitian Creole:
Haiti (with French)
Hakka:
Taiwan (other national languages of Taiwan are Mandarin, Taiwanese Hokkien, Formosan languages and Taiwan Sign Language.)
Hassaniya:
Senegal (a national language along with Balanta, Bassari, Bedik, Fula, Jola, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon, Safen, Serer, Soninke, Wolof, the official language is French)
Hausa:
Niger (with French, Arabic, Buduma, Fula, Gourmanché, Kanuri, Songhay-Zarma, Tamasheq, Tasawaq, Tebu)
Nigeria (with English, Igbo and Yoruba)
Hebrew:
Israel (with Arabic)
Hindi:
India ("official language of the Union"; with English; 21 other regional languages namely Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Meitei (Manipuri), Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu)
Fiji (with English and Bau Fijian; known constitutionally as Fiji Hindi as an umbrella term to cover Standard Hindi, Urdu, as well as other Hindustani dialects)
Hiri Motu:
Papua New Guinea (with English and Tok Pisin)
Hungarian:
Hungary
I
Igbo:
Nigeria (with English, Hausa and Yoruba)
Icelandic:
Iceland
Indonesian:
Indonesia (a standardized dialect of Malay)
Irish:
Republic of Ireland ("national"; with English being "second official")
Italian:
Italy
Croatia
Istria County (with Croatian)
San Marino
Slovenia
Slovenian Istria (with Slovene)
Switzerland (National and official language with French, German, and (Romansh))
Official language in:
Canton of Ticino
Canton of Grisons (with German and Romansh)
Vatican City (with Latin)
J
Japanese:
Japan (de facto)
Palau (Angaur)
Javanese:
native to Java; Indonesia
Jola:
Senegal (a national language along with Balanta, Bassari, Bedik, Fula, Hassaniya, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon, Safen, Serer, Soninke, Wolof, the official language is French)
K
Kabye:
Togo (with French and Ewe-Gbe)
Kalanga:
Zimbabwe (with English, Shona, Ndebele, Chewa, Chirbawe, Tshuwau ("Koisan"), Nambya, Ndau, Zimbabwean sign language, Tonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa)
Kannada:
India (with 21 other regional Languages, and with English as a link language)
Kanuri:
Niger (with French, Arabic, Buduma, Fula, Gourmanché, Hausa, Songhay-Zarma, Tamasheq, Tasawaq, Tebu)
Kasem:
Ghana (a government-sponsored language along with Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante), Ewe-Gbe, Dagaare, Dagbani, Dangme, Ga, Gonja, Nzema, the official language is English)
Kazakh:
Kazakhstan (with Russian)
Khmer:
Cambodia
Kinyarwanda:
Rwanda (with French and English)
Kirundi:
Burundi (with French)
Kissi
Guinea (a national language along with Fula, Kpelle, Malinke, Susu, Toma, Oniyan, Wamey, the official language is French)
"Koisan" (Tshuwau):
Zimbabwe (with English, Shona, Ndebele, Chewa, Chirbawe, Kalanga, Nambya, Ndau, Zimbabwean sign language, Tonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa)
Korean:
North Korea
South Korea (with Korean Sign Language)
Korean Sign Language:
South Korea (with Korean)
Kpelle:
Guinea (a national language along with Fula, Kissi, Malinke, Susu, Toma, Oniyan, Wamey, the official language is French)
Kurdish:
Iraq (with Arabic)
Kyrgyz:
Kyrgyzstan (with Russian)
L
Lao:
Laos
Latin:
Holy See
Hungary
Croatia
Poland
Latvian:
Latvia
Lithuanian:
Lithuania
Lukpa:
Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
Luxembourgish:
Luxembourg (with French and German)
M
Macedonian:
North Macedonia (with Albanian)
Malagasy:
Madagascar (with French)
Malay:
Malaysia (with de facto official language English)
Brunei
Singapore (with English, Chinese and Tamil)
Indonesia (a standardized local dialect of Malay, but treated as the separate language in Indonesia)
Malinke:
see Manding
Guinea (a national language along with Fula, Kissi, Kpelle, Susu, Toma, Oniyan, Wamey, the official language is French)
Maltese:
Malta (with English)
Mamara:
Mali (a national language along with Bambara, Bomu, Bozo, Dogon, Fula, Songhay, Soninke, Syenara, Tamasheq, the official language is French)
Manding (Mandinka, Malinke):
see Bambara, Dioula, Malinke, Mandinka
Mandinka:
see Manding
Senegal (a national language along with Balanta, Bassari, Bedik, Fula, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon, Safen, Serer, Soninke, Wolof, the official language is French)
Mandjak:
Senegal (a national language along with Balanta, Bassari, Bedik, Fula, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandinka, Mankanya, Noon, Safen, Serer, Soninke, Wolof, the official language is French)
Mankanya:
Senegal (a national language along with Balanta, Bassari, Bedik, Fula, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandinka, Mandjak, Noon, Safen, Serer, Soninke, Wolof, the official language is French)
Manx Gaelic:
Isle of Man (with English)
Māori:
New Zealand (with English and New Zealand Sign Language)
Marshallese:
Marshall Islands (with English)
Mauritian Creole
Mauritius
Mbelime:
Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
Meitei (officially known as Manipuri)
India (along with 21 other scheduled languages recognised by the 8th schedule of the Indian Constitution)
Mongolian:
Mongolia
Montenegrin:
Montenegro
Mossi:
Burkina Faso (a national language along with Dioula, Fula and other languages, the official language is French)
N
Nambya:
Zimbabwe (with English, Shona, Ndebele, Chewa, Chirbawe, Kalanga, "Koisan" (Tshuwau), Ndau, Zimbabwean sign language, Tonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa)
Nateni:
Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
Nauruan
Nauru (with English)
Ndau:
Zimbabwe (with English, Shona, Ndebele, Chewa, Chirbawe, Kalanga, "Koisan" (Tshuwau), Nambya, Zimbabwean sign language, Tonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa)
Ndebele (Northern):
South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
Zimbabwe (with English, Shona, Chewa, Chirbawe, Kalanga, "Koisan" (Tshuwau), Nambya, Ndau, Zimbabwean sign language, Tonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa)
Ndebele (Southern):
South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
Nepali:
Nepal
New Zealand Sign Language:
New Zealand (with English and Māori)
Noon:
Senegal (a national language along with Balanta, Bassari, Bedik, Fula, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Safen, Serer, Soninke, Wolof, the official language is French)
Northern Sotho:
South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
Norwegian:
Norway (two official written forms – Bokmål and Nynorsk)
Nzema:
Ghana (a government-sponsored language along with Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante), Ewe-Gbe, Dagaare, Dagbani, Dangme, Ga, Gonja, Kasem, the official language is English)
O
Oniyan:
Guinea (a national language along with Fula, Kissi, Kpelle, Malinke, Susu, Toma, Wamey, the official language is French)
Oriya
Oromo:
Ethiopia
Ossetian:
South Ossetia (with Russian and Georgian; independence is disputed)
P
Palauan:
Palau (with English)
Papiamento:
Aruba (with Dutch)
Curaçao (with Dutch and English)
Netherlands (Bonaire)
Pashto:
Afghanistan (with Dari in Afghanistan)
Persian:
Iran
Afghanistan (called Dari in Afghanistan; with Pashto)
Tajikistan (called Tajiki in Tajikistan; with Russian for "inter-ethnic communication")
Polish:
Poland
Portuguese:
Angola
Brazil
Cape Verde
East Timor (with Tetum)
Equatorial Guinea (with Spanish and French)
Guinea-Bissau
Macau (with Cantonese)
Mozambique
Portugal
São Tomé and Príncipe
Punjabi:
India
Q
Quechua:
Bolivia (with Spanish, Aymara, Guaraní and 33 other languages)
Peru (with Spanish and Aymara)
R
Romanian:
Romania
Moldova
Romansh:
National language in Switzerland (with German, French, and Italian)
Official language in canton of Grisons (with German and Italian)
Russian:
Russia (in some regions together with regional languages)
Abkhazia (with Abkhaz according to the Abkhazian constitution; independence is disputed)
Belarus (with Belarusian)
Kazakhstan (with Kazakh)
Kyrgyzstan (with Kyrgyz)
South Ossetia (with Ossetian and Georgian; independence is disputed)
Tajikistan ("inter-ethnic communication"; with Tajik)
Transnistria (with Moldovan and Ukrainian; independence is disputed)
S
Safen:
Senegal (a national language along with Balanta, Bassari, Bedik, Fula, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon, Serer, Soninke, Wolof, the official language is French)
Samoa
Samoa (with English)
Sango
Sao Pauloan Brazilian Portuguese (Portugues)
Central African Republic (with French)
Sena:
Zimbabwe as Chirbawe (with English, Shona, Ndebele, Chewa, Kalanga, "Koisan" (Tshuwau), Nambya, Ndau, Zimbabwean sign language, Tonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa)
Scots
Scotland (With English and Scots Gaelic)
Serbian:
Serbia
Bosnia and Herzegovina (with Bosnian, Croatian) (de facto)
Kosovo (independence is disputed; with Albanian)
Serer:
Senegal (a national language along with Balanta, Bassari, Bedik, Fula, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon, Safen, Soninke, Wolof, the official language is French)
Seychellois Creole
Seychelles (with French and English)
Shona:
Zimbabwe (with English, Ndebele, Chewa, Chirbawe, Kalanga, "Koisan" (Tshuwau), Nambya, Ndau, Zimbabwean sign language, Tonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa)
Sinhala:
Sri Lanka (with Tamil, and with English as a link language)
Slovak:
Slovakia
Czech Republic
Slovene:
Slovenia
Somali:
Djibouti (with Arabic, French, Afar)
Somalia (with Arabic)
Somaliland (with Arabic and English; independence is disputed)
Songhay-Zarma:
Mali (a national language along with Bambara, Bomu, Bozo, Dogon, Fula, Mamara, Soninke, Syenara, Tamasheq, the official language is French)
Niger (with French, Arabic, Buduma, Fula, Gourmanché, Hausa, Kanuri, Tamasheq, Tasawaq, Tebu)
Soninke:
Mali (a national language along with Bambara, Bomu, Bozo, Dogon, Fula, Mamara, Songhay, Syenara, Tamasheq, the official language is French)
Mauritania (a national language along with Fula, Wolof, the official language is Arabic)
Senegal (a national language along with Balanta, Bassari, Bedik, Fula, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon, Safen, Serer, Wolof, the official language is French)
Sotho:
Lesotho (with English)
South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
Spanish:
Argentina (de facto)
Bolivia (with Aymara, Quechua, Guaraní, and 33 other languages)
Chile
Easter Island (with Rapa Nui)
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominican Republic
Ecuador (de facto)
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea (with French and Portuguese)
Guatemala
Honduras
Mexico (de facto)
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay (with Guaraní)
Peru (with Aymara, Quechua and other languages)
Spain (Aranese, Basque, Catalan, and Galician are co-official in some regions)
United States (in the US territory of Puerto Rico)
Uruguay (de facto)
Venezuela
Western Sahara (with Arabic)
Susu:
Guinea (a national language along with Fula, Kissi, Kpelle, Malinke, Toma, Oniyan, Wamey, the official language is French)
Swahili:
Kenya (with English)
Rwanda (with English, French and Kinyarwanda)
Tanzania (de facto; with English)
Uganda (since 2005; with English)
Swati:
Eswatini (with English)
South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
Swedish:
Sweden
Finland (with Finnish)
Åland (monolingually Swedish) (an autonomous province under Finnish sovereignty)
Syenara:
Mali (a national language along with Bambara, Bomu, Bozo, Dogon, Fula, Mamara, Songhay, Soninke, Tamasheq, the official language is French)
T
Taiwan Sign Language:
Taiwan (other national languages of Taiwan are Mandarin, Formosan languages, Hakka and Taiwanese Hokkien.)
Taiwanese Hokkien:
Taiwan (using Traditional Chinese characters and/or pe̍h-oē-jī (Latin letters); other national languages of Taiwan are Mandarin, Formosan languages, Hakka and Taiwan Sign Language.)
Tajik:
Tajikistan (a variant of Persian written in Cyrillic)
Tagalog:
see Filipino
Tamasheq:
Mali (a national language along with Bambara, Bomu, Bozo, Dogon, Fula, Mamara, Songhay, Soninke, Syenara, the official language is French)
Niger (with French, Arabic, Buduma, Fula, Gourmanché, Hausa, Kanuri, Songhay-Zarma, Tasawaq, Tebu)
Tamil:
India (with 21 other languages, and with English as a link language)
Singapore (with English, Chinese and Malay)
Sri Lanka (with Sinhala, and with English as a link language)
Tammari:
Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
Tasawaq:
Niger (with French, Arabic, Buduma, Fula, Gourmanché, Hausa, Kanuri, Songhay-Zarma, Tamasheq, Tebu)
Tebu:
Niger (with French, Arabic, Buduma, Fula, Gourmanché, Hausa, Kanuri, Songhay-Zarma, Tamasheq, Tasawaq)
Telugu:
India (with 21 other regional Languages, and with English as a link language)
Tetum:
East Timor (with Portuguese)
Thai:
Thailand
Tigrinya:
Eritrea (with Arabic and English)
Tok Pisin:
Papua New Guinea (with English and Hiri Motu)
Toma:
Guinea (a national language along with Fula, Kissi, Kpelle, Malinke, Susu, Oniyan, Wamey, the official language is French)
Tonga:
Zimbabwe (with English, Shona, Ndebele, Chewa, Chirbawe, Kalanga, "Koisan" (Tshuwau), Nambya, Ndau, Zimbabwean sign language, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa)
Tongan
Tonga (with English)
Tsonga:
South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
Tswana:
Botswana (with English)
South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
Zimbabwe (with English, Shona, Ndebele, Chewa, Chirbawe, Kalanga, "Koisan" (Tshuwau), Nambya, Ndau, Zimbabwean sign language, Tonga, Venda, Xhosa)
Turkish:
Turkey
Cyprus (with Greek)
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (independence disputed)
Turkmen:
Turkmenistan
Tuvaluan
Tuvalu (with English)
U
Ukrainian:
Ukraine
Transnistria (with Moldovan and Russian; independence is disputed)
Urdu:
Pakistan (with English)
India (Urdu dialect and in script it is Sanscrit with 21 other regional languages, and with English as a link language)
Uzbek:
Uzbekistan
V
Venda:
South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Xhosa, Zulu)
Zimbabwe (with English, Shona, Ndebele, Chewa, Chirbawe, Kalanga, "Koisan" (Tshuwau), Nambya, Ndau, Zimbabwean sign language, Tonga, Tswana, Xhosa)
Vietnamese:
Vietnam
W
Waama:
Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
Waci-Gbe:
Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
Wamey:
Guinea (a national language along with Fula, Kissi, Kpelle, Malinke, Susu, Toma, Oniyan, the official language is French)
Welsh:
United Kingdom (limited de jure official status in Wales)
Wolof:
Mauritania (a national language along with Fula, Soninke, the official language is Arabic)
Senegal (a national language along with Balanta, Bassari, Bedik, Fula, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon, Safen, Serer, Soninke, the official language is French)
X
Xhosa:
South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Zulu)
Zimbabwe (with English, Shona, Ndebele, Chewa, Chirbawe, Kalanga, "Koisan" (Tshuwau), Nambya, Ndau, Zimbabwean sign language, Tonga, Tswana, Venda)
Xwela-Gbe:
Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
Y
Yobe:
Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
Yom:
Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
Yoruba:
Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Xwela-Gbe, Yom, the official languages is French)
Nigeria (with English, Hausa and Igbo)
Z
Zimbabwean sign language:
Zimbabwe (with English, Shona, Ndebele, Chewa, Chirbawe, Kalanga, "Koisan" (Tshuwau), Nambya, Ndau, Tonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa)
Zulu:
South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa)
Number of countries with the same official language
This is a ranking of languages by number of sovereign countries in which they are de jure or de facto official (or with a national language status). An '*' (asterisk) indicates a country whose independence is disputed.
Partially recognised or de facto independent countries are denoted by an asterisk (*)
List of languages by the number of countries in which they are the most widely used
This is a ranking of languages by number of sovereign countries in which they are de jure or de facto official, co-official, an administrative or working language.
Official regional and minority languages
Abaza:
Karachay–Cherkessia (state language; with Cherkess, Karachay, Nogai and Russian)
Adyghe:
Adygea (state language; with Russian)
Aghul:
Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)
Aklanon:
Visayas (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Kinaray-a, Surigaonon, Tagalog, and Waray)
Albanian:
Kosovo
North Macedonia (in some municipalities)
Montenegro (The only official language is Montenegrin, while Albanian is in official use along with Serbian, Bosnian and Croatian)
Altay:
Altay, Republic of (state language; with Russian)
Arabic:
Philippines (mainly in Mindanao)
Aranese see Occitan
Armenian:
Nagorno Karabagh
Assamese:
India (with Hindi, English {as a "subsidiary official language"} and 20 other official languages)
Assam
Avar:
Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)
Azeri:
Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)
Balkar:
Kabardino-Balkaria (state language; with Kabardian and Russian)
Bashkir:
Bashkortostan (state language; with Russian)
Basque:
Basque Autonomous Community (with Spanish)
Navarre (in some areas with Spanish)
Bengali:
India (as a "subsidiary official language"} and 20 other official languages; second most spoken Indian Language)
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Assam
Tripura
West Bengal
Bikol:
Luzon and Visayas (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Kinaray-a, Pangasinan, Sambal, Surigaonon, Tagalog, and Waray)
Bosnian:
part of Serbia
Sandžak region
Montenegro (with Montenegrin, Albanian, Croatian and Serbian)
Buryat:
Buryatia (state language; with Russian)
Zabaykalsky Krai
Agin-Buryat Okrug (authorized language)
Cantonese Chinese:
China:
Some provinces Canton Province (with Mandarin)
Hong Kong (for Chinese language, Cantonese is spoken de facto; co-official with English)
Macau (for Chinese language, Cantonese is spoken de facto; co-official with Portuguese)
Catalan:
parts of Spain
Balearic Islands (with Spanish)
Catalonia (with Spanish)
Valencia (named as Valencian, with Spanish)
parts of France
Pyrénées Orientales
parts of Italy
Alghero
Cebuano:
Visayas and Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Bikol, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Kinaray-a, Maguindanao, Maranao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, Waray, and Yakan)
Chavacano:
Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maguindanao, Maranao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, and Yakan)
Chechen:
Chechnya (state language; with Russian)
Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)
Cherkess:
Karachay–Cherkessia (state language; with Abaza, Karachay, Nogai and Russian)
Cherokee:
Cherokee Nation tribal jurisdiction area in Oklahoma, United States.
Chipewyan:
Northwest Territories (with Cree, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
Chukchi:
Sakha (local official language; in localities with Chukchi population)
Chuvash:
Chuvashia (state language; with Russian)
Cree:
Northwest Territories (with Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
Crimean Tatar
Crimea (with Russian and Ukrainian)
Croatian:
part of Austria
Burgenland (with German and Hungarian)*part of Italy
Molise
part of Serbia
Vojvodina (with Hungarian, Pannonian Rusyn, Romanian, Serbian and Slovak)
Montenegro (with Montenegrin, Albanian, Bosnian and Serbian)
Dargwa:
Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)
Dolgan:
Sakha (local official language; in localities with Dolgan population)
Dutch:
The Nord-Pas-de-Calais (France) (French Flemish dialect with French, English for some part of the region)
English:
parts of Canada:
Alberta
British Columbia
Manitoba (with French)
Newfoundland and Labrador
Nova Scotia
Ontario
Prince Edward Island
Quebec
Saskatchewan
New Brunswick (with French)
Northwest Territories (with Chipewyan, Cree, French, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, Slavey (North and South) and Tłįchǫ)
Nunavut (with Inuktitut, Inuinnaqtun, and French)
Yukon (with French)
The United Kingdom:
England
Northern Ireland
Scotland (with Scottish Gaelic in some municipalities)
Wales (with Welsh)
Isle of Man (with Manx Gaelic)
Guernsey (with French)
Jersey (with French)
parts of the United States. See English-only movement. English is an official language in the following states and territories:
Alabama
Alaska
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii (with Hawaiian language)
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Massachusetts
Minnesota
Mississippi
Montana
Nebraska
New Hampshire
North Carolina
North Dakota
Puerto Rico (with Spanish)
South Carolina
South Dakota (with Lakota & Dakota)
Texas
Tennessee
U.S. Virgin Islands
Utah
Virginia
West Virginia
Wyoming
Erzya:
Mordovia (state language; with Moksha and Russian)
Even:
Sakha (local official language; in localities with Even population)
Evenki:
Sakha (local official language; in localities with Evenki population)
Faroese:
Faroe Islands (with Danish)
Finnish:
Karelia (authorized language; with Karelian and Veps)
French:
parts of Canada
New Brunswick (co-official with English)
Northwest Territories (with Chipewyan, Cree, English, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, Slavey (North and South) and Tłįchǫ)
Nunavut (with English, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut)
Quebec
Yukon (with English)
Guernsey (with English)
Jersey (with English)
Puducherry (co-official with Tamil in the Union Territory of Puducherry. Also Telugu and Malayalam are its regional official languages)
part of Italy
Aosta (co-official with Italian)
part of United States with Louisiana
Frisian (West):
The Netherlands: co-official in the province of Friesland (with Dutch)
Friulian:
The Friuli region of northeastern Italy
Gagauz:
Gagauzia (Moldova) (with Russian)
Galician:
part of Spain
Galicia (with Spanish)
German:
Italy
South Tyrol (together with Italian and Ladin)
Greek:
parts of south Albania
parts of south Italy
Salento (Grecia Salentina, together with Italian)
Calabria (Bovesia, together with Italian)
Guaraní:
Bolivia
Paraguay
in Argentina
Corrientes Province (co-official with Spanish)
Gujarati:
India (with 21 other regional languages)
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
Gujarat
Gwich'in:
Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
Hawaiian:
Hawaii (with English)
Hiligaynon:
Visayas and Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Bikol, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Kinaray-a, Maguindanao, Maranao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, Waray, and Yakan)
Hindi:
India (with 21 other regional languages)
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Bihar
Chhattisgarh
Delhi Territory
Haryana
Jharkhand
Madhya Pradesh
Rajasthan
Uttarakhand
Uttar Pradesh
Hungarian:
part of Serbia
Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Romanian, Slovak and Ruthenian)
part of Romania
part of Slovenia
part of Croatia
part of Slovakia
part of Austria
Ibanag:
Luzon (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Sambal, and Tagalog)
Ilocano:
Luzon and Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Maguindanao, Maranao, Pangasinan, Sambal, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, and Yakan.)
Ingush:
Ingushetia (state language; with Russian)
Inuinnaqtun:
Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
Nunavut (with English, French, and Inuktitut)
Inuktitut:
Nunavut (with English, French, and Inuinnaqtun)
Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
Inuvialuktun:
Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
Irish:
Northern Ireland (United Kingdom) (along with Ulster Scots and English)
Italian:
part of Croatia
Istria county (with Croatian)
part of Slovenia
Izola, Koper and Piran municipalities (with Slovene)
Ivatan:
Luzon (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Ibanag, Ilocano, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Sambal, and Tagalog)
Japanese:
Part of Palau
Angaur (with English)
Kabardian:
Kabardino-Balkaria (state language; with Balkar and Russian)
Kalaallisut:
Greenland
Kalmyk:
Kalmykia (state language; with Russian)
Kannada:
India (with 21 other regional languages)
Kapampangan:
Luzon (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Ilocano, Ibanag, Ivatan, Pangasinan, Sambal, and Tagalog)
Karachay:
Karachay–Cherkessia (state language; with Abaza, Cherkess, Nogai and Russian)
Karelian:
Karelia (authorized language; with Finnish and Veps)
Kashmiri:
India (with 21 other regional languages)
Jammu and Kashmir
Kazakh:
Republic of Altay (official language; in localities with Kazakh population)
part of the People's Republic of China
Ili, with Chinese (Mandarin)
Barkol, with Chinese (Mandarin)
Mori, with Chinese (Mandarin)
part of Mongolia
Mori, with Mongolian
Khakas:
Khakassia (state language; with Russian)
Khanty:
Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug (aboriginal language; with Mansi and Nenets)
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (aboriginal language; with Nenets and Selkup)
Kinaray-a:
Visayas (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Bikol, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Surigaonon, Tagalog, and Waray)
Komi:
Komi (state language; with Russian)
Komi-Permyak:
Perm Krai
Komi-Permyak Okrug (official language)
Korean:
part of the People's Republic of China with Chinese (Mandarin)
Changbai (Jangbaek, Changbaek)
Yanbian (Yeonbyeon, Yŏnbyŏn)
Kumyk:
Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)
Kyrgyz:
part of the People's Republic of China
Kizilsu (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Lak:
Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)
Lezgian:
Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)
Macedonian
part of Albania
part of Serbia
Maguindanao:
Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maranao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, and Yakan)
Malayalam:
India (with 21 other regional languages)
Kerala
Puducherry
Lakshadweep
Mansi:
Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug (aboriginal language; with Khanty and Nenets)
Maranao:
Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maguindanao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, and Yakan)
Marathi:
India (with 21 other regional languages)
Maharashtra
Goa
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
Mari (Hill and Meadow):
Mari El (state language; with Russian)
Mayan:
Mexico (*only recognized)
Guatemala (*only recognized)
Belize (*only recognized)
Honduras (*only recognized)
El Salvador (*only recognized)
Meitei (officially known as Manipuri):
India (with 21 other official languages)
Manipur
Tripura (formerly)
Mi'kmaq:
Nova Scotia ("first language"; with English (de facto), French, Scottish Gaelic)
Moksha:
Mordovia (state language; with Erzya and Russian)
Mongolian:
part of the People's Republic of China
Inner Mongolia, with Chinese (Mandarin)
Haixi, with Tibetan and Chinese (Mandarin)
Bortala, with Chinese (Mandarin)
Bayin'gholin, with Chinese (Mandarin)
Dorbod, with Chinese (Mandarin)
Qian Gorlos, with Chinese (Mandarin)
Harqin Left, with Chinese (Mandarin)
Fuxin, with Chinese (Mandarin)
Weichang, with Chinese (Mandarin)
Subei, with Chinese (Mandarin)
Henan, with Chinese (Mandarin)
Náhuatl:
Mexico (*only recognized)
El Salvador (*only recognized)
Nenets:
Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug (aboriginal language; with Khanty and Mansi)
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (aboriginal language; with Khanty and Selkup)
Nepali:
India (with 21 other regional languages)
Nogai:
Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)
Karachay–Cherkessia (state language; with Abaza, Cherkess, Karachay and Russian)
Occitan:
Catalonia, with Catalan and Spanish)
Odia:
India (with 21 other regional languages)
Odisha
Ossetic (Digor and Iron dialects):
North Ossetia—Alania (state language; with Russian)
Pangasinan:
Luzon (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Sambal, and Tagalog)
Portuguese:
part of the People's Republic of China
Macau (with Chinese)
Punjabi:
Pakistan
Punjab
India (with 21 other regional languages)
Punjab
Delhi
Romanian:
Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Hungarian, Slovak and Ruthenian)
Russian. Russian is fixed as a state language in the Constitutions of the republics of the Russian Federation:
Adygea (state language; with Adyghe)
Altay, Republic of (state language; with Altay)
Bashkortostan (state language; with Bashkir)
Buryatia (state language; with Buryat)
Chechnya (state language; with Chechen)
Chuvashia (state language; with Chuvash)
Dagestan (state language; with the languages of the Dagestan peoples)
Ingushetia (state language; with Ingush)
Kabardino-Balkaria (state language; with Balkar and Kabardian)
Kalmykia (state language; with Kalmyk)
Karachay–Cherkessia (state language; with Abaza, Cherkess, Karachay and Nogai)
Karelia (state language)
Khakassia (state language; with Khakas)
Komi (state language; with Komi)
Mari El (state language; with Mari (Hill and Meadow))
Mordovia (state language; with Erzya and Moksha)
North Ossetia—Alania (state language; with Ossetic)
Sakha (state language; with Sakha)
Tatarstan (state language; with Tatar)
Tyva (state language; with Tuvan)
Udmurtia (state language; with Udmurt)
Russian (with Gagauz) is an official language of Gagauzia (autonomous republic within Moldova)
Rusyn:
Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Romanian, Hungarian, Slovak)
Ukraine
Zakarapts'ka region (with Ukrainian, Hungarian)
Rutul:
Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)
Sakha:
Sakha (state language; with Russian)
Sambal:
Luzon (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, and Tagalog)
Sami:
Finland (in four municipalities)
Norway (in six municipalities in two provinces)
Sweden (in four municipalities and surrounding municipalities)
Sanskrit:
Nepal
Saraiki
Pakistan
Sarikoli:
part of the People's Republic of China (It's different from Tajiki of Tajikistan)
Taxkorgan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Selkup:
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (aboriginal language; with Khanty and Nenets)
Serbian:
Croatia-Co-official minority language in municipalities: Borovo, Trpinja, Markušica, Negoslavci, Vukovar, Šodolovci, Erdut, Darda, Jagodnjak, Kneževi Vinogradi, Dvor, Gvozd, Biskupija, Ervenik, Kistanje, Gračac, Udbina, Vrbovsko, Donji Kukuruzari and Nijemci.
Sindhi:
India (with 21 other regional languages)
Pakistan (Official language in the Province of Sindh along with Urdu and English)
North and South Slavey:
Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
Slovak:
part of Serbia
Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Hungarian, Romanian and Ruthenian)
Slovene:
part of Italy
Friuli-Venezia Giulia (with Italian, Friulian and German)
part of Austria
Carinthia (with German)
Spanish:
New Mexico (spoken with English)
Puerto Rico (with English)
Philippines (mainly as Chavacano in Mindanao)
El Cenizo, Texas
Surigaonon:
Visayas and Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Bikol, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Kinaray-a, Maguindanao, Maranao, Tagalog, Tausug, Waray, and Yakan)
Tabasaran:
Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)
Tagalog:
Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Bikol, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Kinaray-a, Maguindanao, Maranao, Pangasinan, Sambal, Surigaonon, Tausug, Waray, and Yakan)
Tahitian:
French Polynesia (with French)
Tamil:
India (with 21 other regional languages)
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Puducherry
Tamil Nadu
Sri Lanka
Singapore
Tat:
Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)
Tatar:
Tatarstan (state language; with Russian)
Tausug:
Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maguindanao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Maranao, and Yakan)
Telugu:
India (with 21 other regional languages)
Andhra Pradesh
Telangana
Puducherry
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Tibetan:
Tibet Autonomous Region (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Aba (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Garzê (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Dêqên (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Wenshan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Gannan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Haibai (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Hainan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Huangnan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Golog (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Gyêgu (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Haixi (with Mongolian and Chinese (Mandarin))
Muli (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Tianzhu (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Tłįchǫ:
Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, and South Slavey)
Tsakhur:
Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)
Tswana:
South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
Turkish:
North Macedonia in Plasnica and Centar Župa
Kosovo in Prizren and Mamuša
part of Bulgaria
Tuvan:
Tyva (state language; with Russian)
Udmurt:
Udmurtia (state language; with Russian)
Urdu:
Pakistan (with English as co-official language)
India (with 21 other regional languages)
Jammu and Kashmir
Delhi Territory
Uttar Pradesh state
Bihar state
Andhra Pradesh mainly in Hyderabad (former princely state of Nizam) and adjacent areas of Maharashtra and Karnataka
Uyghur:
Xinjiang (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Veps:
Karelia (authorized language; with Finnish and Karelian)
Vietnamese:
Guangxi Province, China (some regional status)
Part of Cambodia
Part of Laos
Waray:
Visayas (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Kinaray-a, and Tagalog)
Welsh:
Wales (United Kingdom) (with English)
Yakan:
Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maguindanao, Maranao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, and Tausug)
Yiddish:
Russia (only in Jewish Autonomous Oblast, with Russian)
Yukaghir:
Sakha (local official language; in localities with Yukaghir population)
Zhuang:
Guangxi (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Lianshan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
See also
List of official languages of international organizations
List of official languages by country and territory
National language
Notes
References
Language policy
Lists of languages