Viviparidae

Viviparidae, sometimes known as the river snails or mystery snails, are a family of large operculate freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks.
This family is classified in the informal group Architaenioglossa according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005.
Distribution
This family occurs nearly worldwide in temperate and tropical regions, with the exception that they are absent from South America.
There are two genera of Viviparidae in Africa: Bellamya and Neothauma.
The oldest known vivparid is Viviparus langtonensis from the Middle Jurassic of England. The oldest records from the Southern Hemisphere is from the Late Jurassic Talbragar fossil beds of Australia.
Taxonomy
The family Viviparidae contains 3 subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005):
Viviparinae Gray, 1847 (1833) - synonyms: Paludinidae Fitzinger, 1833 (inv.); Kosoviinae Atanackovic, 1859 (n.a.)
Bellamyinae Rohrbach, 1937 - synonym: Amuropaludinidae Starobogatov, Prozorova, Bogatov & Sayenko, 2004 (n.a.)
Lioplacinae Gill, 1863 - synonym: Campelomatinae Thiele, 1929
Genera
Genera within the family Viviparidae include:
subfamily Viviparinae Gray, 1847
Galizgia Mikhaylovskiy, 1903
† Kosovia Atanacković, 1959
Rivularia Heude, 1890
Trochopaludina Starobogatov, 1985
Tulotoma Haldeman, 1840
Viviparus Montfort, 1810 - type genus
subfamily Bellamyinae Rohrbach, 1937
Amuropaludina Moskvicheva, 1979
Angulyagra Rao, 1931
Anulotaia Brandt, 1968
Anularya Zhang & Chen, 2015
† Apameaus Sivan, Heller & van Damme, 2006 This Pliocene-Pleistocene genus contains only one species Apameaus apameae Sivan, Heller & van Damme, 2006
Bellamya Jousseame, 1886 - type genus of the subfamily
Boganmargarya Thach, 2018
Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912
Eyriesia P. Fischer, 1885
Filopaludina Habe, 1964
Heterogen Annandale, 1921 - with the only species Heterogen longispira (E. A. Smith, 1886)
Idiopoma Pilsbry, 1901
Larina Adams, 1851
Margarya Nevill, 1877
Mekongia Crosse & Fischer, 1876
Neclarina Iredale, 1943
Notopala Cotton, 1935
Sinotaia Haas, 1939
Taia Annandale, 1918
† Temnotaia Annandale, 1919
Tchangmargarya He, 2013
Torotaia Haas, 1939
Trochotaia Brandt, 1974
subfamily Lioplacinae Gill, 1863
Campeloma Rafinesque, 1819
Lioplax Troschel, 1856
subfamily ?
† Albianopalin Hamilton-Bruce, Smith & Gowlett-Holmes, 2002 - from Albian, New South Wales
Neothauma E. A. Smith, 1880
Siamopaludina Brandt, 1968
Genera brought into synonymy
Centrapala Cotton, 1935: synonym of Larina A. Adams, 1855
Contectiana Bourguignat, 1880: synonym of Viviparus Montfort, 1810
Eularina Iredale, 1943: synonym of Larina A. Adams, 1855
subfamily † Kosoviinae Atanacković, 1959: synonym of Viviparidae Gray, 1847
Lecythoconcha Annandale, 1920: synonym of Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912
Metohia Popović, 1964 : (junior homonym, no replacement name available in 2014)
Notopalena Iredale, 1943: synonym of Notopala Cotton, 1935
Paludina Férussac, 1812: synonym of Viviparus Montfort, 1810
Siamopaludina Brandt, 1968 : synonym of Filopaludina (Siamopaludina) Brandt, 1968 represented as Filopaludina Habe, 1964
Vivipara : synonym of Viviparus Montfort, 1810
Life cycle
Life spans have been reported from 3 to 11 years in various species of Viviparidae.
References
Further reading
Hirano T., Saito T. & Chiba S. (2015). "Phylogeny of freshwater viviparid snails in Japan". Journal of Molluscan Studies 81(4): 435–441. .
Qian Z.-X., Fang Y.-F. & He J. (2014). "A conchological review of Bellamyinae (Gastropoda: Viviparidae) of China". Shell Discoveries 1(3): 3-12.
External links
Ju-Guang Wang, Dong Zhang, Ivan Jakovlić, Wei-Min Wang, Sequencing of the complete mitochondrial genomes of eight freshwater snail species exposes pervasive paraphyly within the Viviparidae family (Caenogastropoda); PLOS|One, July 25, 2017
Taxa named by John Edward Gray
Gastropod families