Tineidae

Tineidae is a family of moths in the order Lepidoptera described by Pierre André Latreille in 1810. Collectively, they are known as fungus moths or tineid moths. The family contains considerably more than 3,000 species in more than 300 genera. Most of the tineid moths are small or medium-sized, with wings held roofwise over the body when at rest. They are particularly common in the Palaearctic, but many occur elsewhere, and some are found very widely as introduced species.
Tineids are unusual among Lepidoptera as the larvae of only a very small number of species feed on living plants, the majority feeding on fungi, lichens, and detritus. The most familiar members of the family are the clothes moths, which have adapted to feeding on stored fabrics and led to their reputation as a household pest. The most widespread of such species are the common clothes moth (Tineola bisselliella), the case-bearing clothes moth (Tinea pellionella), and the carpet moth (Trichophaga tapetzella); the brown-dotted clothes moth (Niditinea fuscella) despite its name, preferentially feeds on feathers in bird nests.
One remarkable genus is Ceratophaga, whose members feed exclusively on pure keratin in the form of the horns and hooves of dead mammals and even the shells of dead tortoises.
Systematics
Subfamilies and notable genera
Some species also are listed; for others see genus accounts.
Dryadaulinae
Brachydoxa
Dryadaula Meyrick, 1893
Erechthiinae
Anastathma
Callicerastis (sometimes in Erechthias)
Comodica
Erechthias Meyrick, 1880
Mecomodica (sometimes in Comodica or Erechthias)
Petula
Phthinocola
Pisistrata
Pontodryas
Thuriostoma
Euplocaminae
Euplocamus Latreille, 1809
Hapsiferinae
Agorarcha
Briaraula
Callocosmeta
Chrysocrata
Cimitra
Colobocrossa
Cubitofusa
Cynomastix
Dasyses
Hapsifera
Hapsiferona
Paraptica
Parochmastis
Phyciodyta
Pitharcha
Rhinophyllis
Tiquadra
Trachycentra
Zygosignata
Harmacloninae
Harmaclona
Micrerethista
Hieroxestinae
Amphixystis
Archemitra
Asymplecta
Crobylophanes Meyrick, 1938
Kermania
Mitrogona Meyrick, 1920
Oinophila
Opogona
Phaeoses
Phruriastis
Tineomigma Gozmány, 2004
Wegneria
Meessiinae
Afrocelestis
Agnathosia
Agoraula
Augolychna
Bathroxena
Clinograptis
Diachorisia
Doleromorphia
Drimylastis
Emblematodes
Epactris
Eudarcia
Galachrysis
Homosetia
Homostinea
Hybroma
Infurcitinea
Ischnoscia
Isocorypha
Leucomele
Lichenotinea
Matratinea
Mea
Meneessia
Montetinea
Nannotinea
Novotinea
Oenoe
Oxylychna
Pompostolella
Protodarcia
Stenoptinea
Tenaga
Trissochyta
Unilepidotricha
Xeringinia
Myrmecozelinae
Ateliotum
Analytarcha
Cephimallota
syn. Anemallota
syn. Aphimallota
syn. Cephitinea
Cinnerethica
Contralissa
Coryptilum
Criticonoma
Dicanica
Dinica
Drosica
Ellochotis
Endromarmata
Euagophleps
Exoplisis
Gerontha
Haplotinea (tentatively placed here)
Ippa
Ischnuridia
Janseana
Machaeropteris
Mesopherna
Metapherna
Mimoscopa
Moerarchis
Myrmecozela
Pachyarthra
Pararhodobates
Phthoropoea
Platysceptra
Propachyarthra
Rhodobates
Sarocrania
Scalmatica
Timaea
Tineovertex
Tracheloteina
Nemapogoninae
Archinemapogon
Gaedikeia
Hyladaula
Nemapogon
Nemaxera
Neurothaumasia
Peritrana
Triaxomasia
Triaxomera
Vanna
Perissomasticinae
Cylicobathra
Ectabola
Edosa
Hyperbola
Neoepiscardia
Perissomastix
Phalloscardia
Sphallesthasis Gozmány, 1959
Theatrochora
Scardiinae
Afroscardia
Amorophaga
Archyala Meyrick, 1889
Bythocrates
Cnismorectis
Coniastis
Cranaodes
Daviscardia
Diataga
Dorata
Hilaroptera Gozmány, 1969
Leptozancla Meyrick, 1920
Montescardia
Morophaga Herrich-Schäffer, 1853
Pelecystola Meyrick, 1920
Scardia
Scardiella
Semeoloncha Gozmány, 1968
Tinissa Walker, 1864
Trigonarchis
Vespitinea
Setomorphinae
Lindera
Prosetomorpha
Setomorpha
Siloscinae
Autochthonus Walsingham, 1891
Organodesma Gozmány, 1965
Silosca Gozmány, 1965
Stathmopolitinae
Stathmopolitis
Teichobiinae
Dinochora
Ectropoceros
Psychoides
Tineinae
Acridotarsa
Anomalotinea
Asymphyla
Ceratobia
Ceratophaga
Ceratuncus
Crypsithyris
Crypsithyrodes
Eccritothrix
Elatobia
Enargocrasis
Eremicola
Graphicoptila
Hippiochaetes
Kangerosithyris
Lipomerinx
Metatinea
Miramonopis
Monopis
Nearolyma
Niditinea
Ocnophilella
Phereoeca
Praeacedes
Pringleophaga
Proterodesma
Proterospastis
Reisserita
Stemagoris
Tetrapalpus
Thomintarra
Tinea
Tinemelitta
Tineola
Tineomigma
Trichophaga
Tryptodema
Wyoma
Xerantica
Genera incertae sedis
These fungus moths have not been assigned to a subfamily with a reasonable amount of certainty:
Acanthocheira
Acritotilpha
Afghanotinea
Amathyntis
Ancystrocheira
Antigambra
Antipolistes
Apreta
Archyala
Argyrocorys
Astrogenes
Axiagasta
Barymochtha
Basanasca
Bascantis
Brithyceros
Catalectis
Catapsilothrix
Cataxipha
Catazetema
Cervaria
Chionoreas
Clepticodes
Colpocrita
Compsocrita
Cosmeombra
Cryphiotechna
Crypsitricha
Cubotinea
Cycloponympha (often placed in Lyonetiidae)
Dasmophora
Dolerothera
Drastea (often placed in Acrolophidae)
Dyotopasta
Ecpeptamena
Endeixis
Endophthora
Ephedroxena
Episyrta
Eriozancla
Erysimaga
Eschatotypa
Eucrotala
Eugennaea
Euprora
Exonomasis
Glaucostolella
Gourbia
Graphidivalva
Habrophila
Hapalothyma
Harmotona
Hecatompeda
Heloscopa (often placed in Oecophoridae)
Heterostasis
Hilaroptera
Histiovalva
Homalopsycha
Homodoxus
Hoplocentra
Hyalaula
Hypoplesia
Leptonoma
Lepyrotica
Leucophasma
Liopycnas
Lithopsaestis
Lysiphragma
Lysitona
Marmaroxena
Melodryas
Merunympha
Miarotagmata
Minicorona
Monachoptilas
Mythoplastis
Nesophylacella
Nonischnoscia
Nothogenes
Nyctocyrmata
Ochetoxena
Ogmocoma
Orocrypsona
Otochares
Oxymachaeris
Pachydyta
Panthytarcha
Pedaliotis
Pelecystola
Peristactis
Petasactis
Pezetaera
Philagraulella
Phryganeopsis
Plaesiostola
Plemyristis
Polypsecta
Probatostola
Proboloptila
Protagophleps
Protaphreutis
Prothinodes
Psecadioides
Pyloetis
Randominta
Ranohira
Rungsiodes
Sagephora
Scardia
Sciomystis
Setiarcha
Sphecioses
Stryphnodes
Syncraternis
Syngeneta
Syrmologa
Taeniodictys (often placed in Lyonetiidae)
Tephrosara
Tetanostola
Thallostoma
Thisizima
Thomictis
Thyrsochares
Tomara
Trachyrrhopala
Trachytyla
Transmixta
Trichearias
Trierostola
Trithamnora
Xylesthia
Xystrologa
Zonochares
Zymologa
Fossil record
†Architinea Rebel, 1934
†Architinea balticella Rebel, 1934
†Architinea sepositella Rebel, 1934
†Dysmasiites Kusnezov, 1941
†Dysmasiites carpenteri Kusnezov, 1941
†Electromeessia Kozlov, 1987
†Electromeessia zagulijaevi Kozlov, 1987 (Baltic region, Eocene Amber)
†Glessoscardia Kusnezov, 1941
†Glessoscardia gerasimovi Kusnezov, 1941
†Martynea Kusnezov, 1941
†Martynea rebeli Kusnezov, 1941
†Monopibaltia Skalski, 1974
†Monopibaltia ignitella Skalski, 1974 (Baltic region, Eocene Amber)
†Palaeoinfurcitinea Kozlov, 1987
†Palaeoinfurcitinea rohdendorfi Kozlov, 1987 (Russia, Eocene Amber)
†Palaeoscardiites Kusnezov, 1941
†Palaeoscardiites mordvilkoi Kusnezov, 1941
†Palaeotinea Kozlov, 1987
†Palaeotinea rasnitsyni Kozlov, 1987
†Paratriaxomasia Jarzembowski, 1980
†Paratriaxomasia solentensis Jarzembowski, 1980
†Proscardiites Kusnezov, 1941
†Proscardiites martynovi Kusnezov, 1941
†Pseudocephitinea Kozlov, 1987
†Pseudocephitinea svetlanae Kozlov, 1987 (Russia, Eocene Amber)
†Scardiites Kusnezov, 1941
†Scardiites meyricki Kusnezov, 1941
†Simulotenia Skalski, 1977
†Simulotenia intermedia Skalski, 1977
†Tillyardinea Kusnezov, 1941
†Tillyardinea eocaenica Kusnezov, 1941
Tinea Linnaeus, 1758
†Tinea antique Rebel, 1822
†Tineitella T. B. Fletcher, 1940
†Tineitella crystalli Kawall, 1876 (originally in Tineites)
†Tineitella sucinacius Kozlov, 1987 (originally in Tineites)
†Tineolamima Rebel, 1934
†Tineolamima aurella Rebel, 1934
†Tineosemopsis Skalski, 1974
†Tineosemopsis decurtatus Skalski, 1974
References
Global Taxonomic Database of Tineidae
Common Clothes Moth
A Caterpillar that Eats Tortoise Shells
Tineid of Korea(closed, 2005~2019.12.23)
Fauna Europaea
Further reading
Key works
Dugdale, J.S., 1988. Lepidoptera - annotated catalogue and keys of family-group taxa. Fauna of New Zealand, 14: 1–262.
Gaedike, R. 1983. Zur Kenntnis der paläarktischen Tineiden Die Gattung Infurcitinea Spuler, 1910 (Lepidoptera). Entomologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden, 46: 121–150.
Gaedike, R. 1985. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der paläarktischen Tineiden: Gattung Obesoceras Petersen, 1957 (Lepidoptera). Entomologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden, 48: 167–181.
Hinton, H.E. 1956. The larvae of the species of Tineidae of economic importance. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 47: 251–346.
Leraut, P., 1985. Mise a jour de la liste des Tineides de la faune de France. Entomologica Gallica, 1(4): 319–325.
Petersen, G. 1957–8. Die Genitalien der paläarktischen Tineiden. Beiträge zur Entomologie, 7: 55–176, 338–380, 557–595; 8: 111–118, 398–430.
Robinson, G.S. 1979. Clothes-moths of the Tinea pellionella complex: a revision of the world's species (Lepidoptera: Tineidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 38: 57–128, figs 1–103.
Zagulajev, A.K. 1960. Tineidae; part 3 - subfamily Tineinae. [In Russian.] Fauna SSSR, 78: 1–267, 231 figs, 3 pls. [Translation, 1975, New Delhi.]
Zagulajev, A.K. 1964. Tineidae; part 2 - subfamily Nemapogoninae. [In Russian.] Fauna SSSR, 86: 1–424, 385 figs, 1 pl. [Translation, 1968, Jerusalem.]
Zagulajev, A.K. 1973. Tineidae; part 4 - subfamily Scardiinae. [In Russian.] Fauna SSSR, 104: 1–126, 99 figs, 2 pls.
Zagulajev, A.K. 1975. Tineidae; part 5 - subfamily Myrmecozelinae. [In Russian.] Fauna SSSR, 108: 1–426, 319 figs, 8 pls. [Translation, 1988, New Delhi.]
Zagulajev, A.K. 1979. Tineidae; part 6 - subfamily Meessiinae. [In Russian.] Fauna SSSR, 119: 1–409.
Zagulajev A K. 1988 English translation (original 1975). Clothes Moths (Tineidae) (English translation of Nastoyaschie Moli (Tineidae)).Akademiya Nauk SSSr, Zoologicheskii Institut, New series No. 108
External links
Moth families
Household pest insects