PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
جورج مارديكيان

جورج مارديكيان هو طاهي وصاحب مطعم أمريكي، ولد في 7 نوفمبر 1903 في بايبورت في تركيا، وتوفي في 23 أكتوبر 1977 في سان فرانسيسكو في الولايات المتحدة.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أرمن في الحرب العالمية الأولى
أشخاص من بايبرد
أصحاب أعمال أمريكيون في القرن 20
أصحاب مطاعم أمريكيون
أفراد الجيش الأمريكي في الحرب العالمية الثانية
أفراد الجيش الأمريكي في الحرب الكورية
أمريكيون من أصل أرمني
تاريخ سان فرانسيسكو (كاليفورنيا)
حائزون على ميدالية الحرية
طباخون
طباخون أمريكيون
طباخون ذكور أمريكيون
طباخون من كاليفورنيا
عثمانيون أرمن
عثمانيون مهاجرون إلى الولايات المتحدة
كتاب أرمن
كتاب مذكرات أمريكيون
كتاب مذكرات أمريكيون في القرن 20
كتاب مذكرات في القرن 20
مجندون أرمنيون
مواليد 1903
مؤسسو شركات أمريكيون
ناجون من الإبادة الجماعية للأرمن
وفيات 1977
طباخون من سان فرانسيسكو
عزلة النوعة (صعدة)

عزلة النوعة (صعدة)
عزلة النوعة هي إحدى عزل مديرية ساقين في محافظة صعدة اليمنية ويبلغ تعداد سكانها 1903 نسمة حسب التعداد السكاني في اليمن لعام 2004.
روابط خارجية
الجهاز المركزي للإحصاء بالجمهورية اليمنية
المركز الوطني للمعلومات باليمن
World Gazetteer:Yemen
الدليل الشامل
مراجع
عزل مديرية ساقين
بارتايدو دي لا سايرا إن توبايلنا

بارتايدو دي لا سايرا إن توبايلنا
بلدية بارتايدو دي لا سايرا إن توبايلنا ، هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة برغش، التي تقع في منطقة قشتالة وليون، والتي تقع في شمال غرب إسبانيا.
يبلغ عدد سكانها 68 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2002).
مراجع
أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة برغش
بلديات برغش
Anna Christie (1923 film)

Anna Christie (1923 film)
Anna Christie is a 1923 American silent drama film based on the 1921 play by Eugene O'Neill (first film version) and starring Blanche Sweet and William Russell.
Directed by John Griffith Wray and produced by Thomas H. Ince for First National Pictures, the screenplay was adapted by Bradley King from the Eugene O'Neill play of the same title. Thomas H. Ince Inc. paid a then-astronomical $35,000 for the screen rights to the play.
Plot
As described in a film magazine review, Anna Christie, daughter of rugged coal barge captain Chris Christopherson, has not seen her father since she was a baby. During her life on a farm, she has been betrayed by one man and been the mistress of another. Her father, unaware of her past, is determined to protect her from the advances of sailor folk. She takes a voyage with him and falls in love with drunken Matt Burke. She admits her sins and is rescued from suicide by Chris. She is forgiven by Matt who still wishes to wed her.
Cast
Preservation
Prints of Anna Christie are located in the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, George Eastman Museum Motion Picture Collection, Gosfilmofond in Moscow, Cineteca Del Friuli in Genoma, Italy, and Harvard Film Archive.
See also
Blanche Sweet filmography
Anna Christie (1930)
The Docks of New York (1928)
References
External links
Lantern slide for Anna Christie (Wayback archived)
Silent American drama films
American silent feature films
American black-and-white films
1923 drama films
1923 films
Films about prostitution in the United States
American films based on plays
Films based on works by Eugene O'Neill
First National Pictures films
Films directed by John Griffith Wray
Seafaring films
1920s rediscovered films
Rediscovered American films
1920s American films
Silent adventure films
Lashkhareh

Lashkhareh (also Romanized as Lashkharah; also known as Lashkhar) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Lamerd County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 205, in 44 families.
References
Populated places in Lamerd County
Diego Serrano

Diego Serrano (born February 5, 1973) is an Ecuadorian actor.
Career
Serrano was born on February 5, 1973, in Quito, Ecuador. He has appeared on The Young and the Restless as Diego Guittierez (2001–02) and the long-running, defunct soap opera Another World as Tomas Rivera (1993–97). In 2000, he starred alongside star Jennifer Love Hewitt on the Fox television series Time of Your Life. He also appeared in the 2005 film The Mostly Unfabulous Social Life of Ethan Green playing Kyle Underhill, a professional baseball player who comes out as gay and authors an autobiography. Serrano played the role of Richard in the film The Ode (2008) based on the novel Ode to Lata by Ghalib Shiraz Dhalla. He also appeared as "Eddie Diaz" with Rosie Perez, Marianne Jean-Baptiste, and Tony Award winner Patti Lupone in Nancy Savoca's The 24 Hour Woman.
Personal life
Serrano was in a long-term relationship with actress Cote de Pablo, but they were reported as having broken up in June 2015.
References
External links
1973 births
American male soap opera actors
Ecuadorian emigrants to the United States
Living people
People from Quito
Paweł Kal

Paweł Kal (born 9 July 1989) is a Polish footballer who plays for Korona Kielce.
Career
Due to his health problems (precisely knee operation) he was forced to stop playing football.
Club
In February 2011, he was loaned to Olimpia Grudziądz on a half year deal.
International
He was a part of Poland national under-21 football team.
References
External links
Living people
1989 births
Footballers from Kielce
Men's association football defenders
Polish men's footballers
Korona Kielce players
Olimpia Grudziądz players
Ekstraklasa players
Sergio Bizzio

Sergio Bizzio is an Argentine writer and director. He was born on December 3, 1956, in Villa Ramallo, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina.
Among his works, the short story Cinismo (Cynicism), included in his book Chicos (Boys), was the basis for the 2007 movie XXY.
Other works include Rabia, which was awarded the International Prize to the Diversity Novel in Spain.
Works
Gran salón con piano, 1982 (poetry)
El divino convertible, 1990 (novel)
Mínimo figurado, 1990 (poetry)
Infierno Albino, 1992 (novel)
Son del África, 1993 (novel)
Paraguay, 1995 (poetry)
Más allá del bien y lentamente, 1995 (novel)
Dos obras ordinarias, 1997 (play, with Daniel Guebel)
Planet, 1998 (novel)
Gravedad, 2000 (play)
En esa época, 2001 (novel)
El abanico matamoscas, 2002 (poetry)
Rabia, 2005 (novel)
El genio argentino, 2005 (poetical essay)
Chicos, 2006 (short stories)
El día feliz de Charlie Feiling, 2006 (novel, with Daniel Guebel)
Era el cielo, 2007 (novel)
Te desafío a correr como un idiota por el jardín, Editorial Mansalva, 2008 (poetry)
Realidad, 2009 (novel)
Aiwa, Editorial Mansalva, 2009 (novel)
El escritor comido, Editorial Mansalva, 2010 (novel)
Un amor para toda la vida (novel) 2011
Borgestein (novel) 2012
En el bosque del sonambulismo sexual, Editorial Mansalva, 2013
Dos aventuras espaciales, Editorial Mansalva, 2015 (novel)
References
External links
Short story "cinismo"
1956 births
Living people
Argentine writers
Argentine film directors
سام فوغل

سام فوغل (مواليد 28 يوليو 1902) هو ملاكم أمريكي، مثّل بلاده في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1920.
روابط خارجية
مراجع
ملاكمو وزن بانتام
ملاكمون أمريكيون
ملاكمون أولمبيون من الولايات المتحدة
ملاكمون في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1920
مواليد 1902
وفيات 1971
كيبلر 67

كيبلر 67 الذي يرمز له بالرمز 2MASS J19363680+4609591، هو نجم، في كوكبة الدجاجة (كوكبة).
الاكتشاف
.
مراجع
أنظمة كوكبية لديها كوكب واحد مؤكد
كوكبة الدجاجة
نجوم النسق الأساسي نوع-G
David J. Parker

David J. Parker
David James Parker (born 1947) is a politician from Alberta, Canada. He was the leader of the Alberta Greens from 1996 to 2001. He has also been a perennial candidate running in federal and provincial elections.
Political career
Parker first ran for a seat in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta in the 1993 Alberta general election. He ran in the electoral district of Edmonton-Gold Bar. He was defeated finishing second last in a field of six candidates. Liberal incumbent Bettie Hewes won the electoral district with a landslide majority.
Parker became leader of the Alberta Greens in 1996. As leader of the party he ran for office in the 1997 Alberta general election in Gold Bar for the second time. He was easily defeated by Hugh MacDonald losing some of his previous votes and finishing second last with 97 votes. He finished just ahead of Natural Law leader Maury Shapka. Parker stepped down as leader in 2001.
Parker ran for a seat in the House of Commons of Canada in the 2004 Canadian federal election in Edmonton Centre for the federal Greens. He won almost 5% of the popular vote finishing fourth. A few months later Parker ran in the provincial Edmonton Centre electoral district in the 2004 Alberta general election. He won fourth place well behind incumbent Laurie Blakeman. He ran again in Edmonton Centre two years later in the 2006 Canadian federal election this time marginally increasing his popular vote but still finishing a distant fourth place. Parker most recently ran for a second time in the provincial Edmonton Centre electoral district in the 2008 Alberta general election again finishing a distant fourth.
In the 2008 federal election, he placed fourth in the Edmonton Centre riding.
Electoral history
References
Living people
Alberta Greens candidates in Alberta provincial elections
Green Party of Canada candidates in the 2004 Canadian federal election
Green Party of Canada candidates in the 2006 Canadian federal election
Green Party of Canada candidates in the 2008 Canadian federal election
Leaders of the Alberta Greens
1947 births
ميتسواكي هوشينو

ميتسواكي هوشينو مواليد 19 فبراير 1959 في شيزوكا، اليابان، هو مؤدي أصوات ياباني.
أدواره في الأنمي
مسلسلات أنمي تلفزيونية
دي جرايمان
هيكارو نو غو
الخادم الأسود
ون بيس - روبين
روروني كنشين
كاميتشو! - كينكيتشي هيتوتسوباشي
دبلجة
الضاحكون
تايني تون
فريندز
السبعة الرائعون
الدرع
مالكوم في الوسط
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
ممثلو أداء صوتي ذكور من محافظة شيزوكا
ممثلو أداء صوتي من محافظة شيزوكا
ممثلو أداء صوتي يابانيون
ممثلون يابانيون
ممثلون يابانيون في القرن 20
ممثلون يابانيون في القرن 21
مواليد 1959
مواليد في شيزوؤكا (محافظة)
راي يونغ (مدير)

راي يونغ (مدير)
راي يونغ هو مدير كندي، ولد في 1961.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
خريجو جامعة كلية بوث للأعمال
خريجو جامعة ويسترن أونتاريو
كنديون من أصل صيني
مواليد 1961
مواليد 1962
Hanna Pysmenska

Hanna Pysmenska
Hanna Serhiivna Pysmenska (born March 12, 1991) is a Ukrainian diver.
Career
Competing as a pair with Mariya Voloshchenko, they finished seventh with in the synchronized 3 metre springboard event of the 2008 Olympic Games, and she also finished in 26th in the 3 metre springboard event. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed in the same events, finishing in sixth in the synchronised 3 metre springboard event with Olena Fedorova and in 21st in the individual event. She is also a European champion (3m springboard at the 2017 European Championships) and multiple medallist. She began diving at the age of 5 and made her international debut in 2007. In 2019, she suffered a severe shoulder injury, missing out on six months of training time.
References
1991 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Vinnytsia
Ukrainian female divers
Divers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Divers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Olympic divers for Ukraine
Divers at the 2023 European Games
European Games medalists in diving
European Games gold medalists for Ukraine
Universiade medalists in diving
Universiade silver medalists for Ukraine
Medalists at the 2011 Summer Universiade
Divers at the 2020 Summer Olympics
21st-century Ukrainian women
Grenchenberg

Grenchenberg
The Grenchenberg (1,405 m) is a mountain of the Jura, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Solothurn. The mountain is named after the town of Grenchen, located on its south side.
References
External links
Grenchenberg on Hikr
Mountains of the Jura
Mountains of Switzerland
Mountains of the canton of Bern
Mountains of the canton of Solothurn
One-thousanders of Switzerland
Bern–Solothurn border
آدم جونسون (لاعب كرة قدم)

آدم جونسون (لاعب كرة قدم)
آدم جونسون من مواليد 14 يوليو 1987 في سندرلاند في إنجلترا، لاعب كرة قدم إنجليزي.
و قد بدأ باللعب مع نادي ميدلزبره في عام 2001. وفي عام 2006 أعير إلى نادي ليدز يونايتد، ولعب معهم 5 مباريات. وقد أنتقل الاعب آدم جونسون إلى نادي مانشستر سيتي الإنجليزي من فريقة السابق نادي ميدلزبره في يناير 2010. لعب للمنتخب مباراة واحدة ودية.
في تاريخ 24 مارس 2016، تم الحكم عليه بالسجن لمدة 6 سنوات بداعي اغتصاب فتاة قاصر، وبعد هذه الحادثة، تم فسخ عقدة مع نادي سندرلاند وشركة أديداس.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إنجليز
أجنحة كرة قدم
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
الجريمة في مقاطعة دورهام
إنجليز أدينوا بالاعتداء الجنسي على الأطفال
رياضيون أدينوا بجرائم
رياضيون من سندرلاند
سجناء ومعتقلون إنجليز
سجناء ومعتقلون في إنجلترا وويلز
لاعبو الدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الإنجليزي
لاعبو سندرلاند
جونسون
لاعبو كرة قدم من تاين ووير
لاعبو كرة قدم من سندرلاند
لاعبو كرة قدم من مقاطعة دورهام
لاعبو ليدز يونايتد
لاعبو مانشستر سيتي
لاعبو منتخب إنجلترا تحت 21 سنة لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب إنجلترا لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب إنجلترا لكرة القدم للشباب
لاعبو ميدلزبره
لاعبو نادي واتفورد
لاعبو نهائي كأس الاتحاد الإنجليزي
مجرمون
مجرمون إنجليز في القرن 21
جونسون
مواليد في سندرلاند
أبوندانس

أبوندانس جبن فرنسي ذي العلامات التالية : تسمية أصلية محمية و تسمية أصلية مراقبة
يصنع من حليب الأبقار الطازج و أصله من السافوا الفرنسية
يعتبر من أقدم أنواع الأجبان الفرنسية و طريقة تحظيره خاصة جدا حيث تتبع وصفة دقيقة كي تسمح بإنتاج الجودة المطلوبة
طالع أيضاً
قائمة أنواع الجبن
مراجع
أجبان
أجبان تصنع من حليب البقر
أجبان فرنسية
سافوا العليا (إقليم فرنسي)
علامات تجارية للمنتجات الغذائية
حي مايو (الخرطوم)

حي مايو (الخرطوم)
حي مايو هو أحد أحياء مدينة الخرطوم في السودان، يقع في الناحية الجنوبية للعاصمة الخرطوم، سُمي باسم مايو نسبة لحكومة الجنرلال جعفر النمير التي أطلق عليها اسم (حكومة مايو) وهو الشهر الذي حدث فيه أنقلاب جعفر نمير في عام 1969م، فبعد أن قام جعفر نمير بأزالة منطقة العيشيش في عام 1977 نقل السكان إلى حي مايو والذي كان قبل ذلك مكب لمياه الصرف الصحي.
يمتاز حي مايو بكثافة سكانية عالية وهو مثال على التعايش السلمي في السودانـ فيه عدد من المكونات العرقية، تقدر مساحته بحوالي 40 كيلومتر مربع، ويقال إن قدم حي فيه هو حي «قورو» الذي هو جزء اليوم من حي النصر غرب، وهناك رواية أخرى تقول إن حي «تبن» الواقع شرق المدنية هو اقدم الأحياء، كانت الأحياء سابقا بأسماء القبائل السودان مثل «حي العرب، وحي المساليت، وحي النوبة».
يمتاز حي مايو بكثرة الأسواق فيه، ففيه عشرة أسواق رئيسة بالأضافة إلي أن كل حي من أحياء مايو بها سوق، من أهم الأسواق بمايو هو سوق بروس وسوق 6، سوق قرو، وغيرها.
مراجع
أحياء الخرطوم
Natural Area Code

Natural Area Code
The Natural Area Code, or Universal Address, is a proprietary geocode system for identifying an area anywhere on the Earth, or a volume of space anywhere around the Earth. The use of thirty alphanumeric characters instead of only ten digits makes a NAC shorter than its numerical latitude/longitude equivalent.
Two-dimensional system
Instead of numerical longitudes and latitudes, a grid with 30 rows and 30 columns - each cell denoted by the numbers 0-9 and the twenty consonants of the Latin alphabet - is laid over the flattened globe. A NAC cell (or block) can be subdivided repeatedly into smaller NAC grids to yield an arbitrarily small area, subject to the ±1 m limitations of the World Geodetic System (WGS) data of 1984.
A NAC represents an area on the earth—the longer the NAC, the smaller the area (and thereby, location) represented. A ten-character NAC can uniquely specify any building, house, or fixed object in the world. An eight-character NAC specifies an area no larger than 25 metres by 50 metres, while a ten-character NAC cell is no larger than 0.8 metres by 1.6 metres.
Using a base 30 positional numeral system, NAC uses an alternate method which excludes vowels and avoids potential confusion between "0" (zero) and "O" (capital "o"), and "1" (one) and "I" (capital "i"):
For example, the ten-character NAC for the centre of the city of Brussels is HBV6R RG77T.
Extension to three dimensions
The full NAC system provides a third coordinate: altitude. This coordinate is the arctangent of the altitude, relative to the Earth's radius, and scaled so that the zero point (000...) is at the centre of the Earth, the midpoint (H00...) is the local radius of the geoid, i.e. the Earth's surface, and the endpoint (ZZZ...) is at infinity.
For example, the three-dimensional NAC for the centre of Brussels, at ground level, is HBV6R RG77T H0000.
See also
Military Grid Reference System
Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system
Quadtree
Geohash
References
Further reading
External links
NAC Geographic Products
Geocodes
NGC 5637

NGC 5637
إن جي سي 5637 التي يرمز لها بالرمز NGC 5637، هي مجرة، في كوكبة العواء.
الاكتشاف
اكتشفت في 10 أبريل 1785، بواسطة ويليام هيرشل.
مراجع
اكتشافات ويليام هيرشل
الفهرس العام الجديد
Khalwa

Khalwa - in Arabic - is to be alone with a thing, with it, or to it. It can also mean:
Khalwa (Sufism), a Sufism concept for solitude
Khalwa (structure), a place of seclusion
Khalwa (school), a Quranic school in Sudan
NGC 3954

NGC 3954 is an elliptical galaxy located in the Leo constellation. It was discovered on April 26, 1785 by the astronomer William Herschel.
References
External links
Leo (constellation)
3954
Elliptical galaxies
How Google Works

How Google Works is a book co-written by Google's Executive Chairman and ex-CEO Eric Schmidt and former SVP of Products Jonathan Rosenberg. The authors explain how technology has shifted the balance of power from companies to consumers and make the argument that the only way to succeed in this ever-changing landscape is to create superior products and attract a new breed of multifaceted employees, dubbed "smart creatives". The book is in English and was published on 23 September 2014 by Grand Central Publishing, a division of Hachette Book Group. The hardcover version is 304 pages in length. Covering various topics such as corporate culture, strategy, talent, decision-making, communication, innovation, and dealing with disruption, the authors illustrate management maxims with numerous insider anecdotes from Google's history. It became a New York Times bestseller.
Contents
The book is divided into several main sections:
Introduction—Lessons Learned from the Front Row
Culture—Believe Your Own Slogans
Strategy—Your Plan Is Wrong
Talent—Hiring Is the Most Important Thing You Do
Decisions—The True Meaning of Consensus
Communications—Be a Damn Good Router
Innovation—Create the Primordial Ooze
Conclusion—Imagine the Unimaginable
Further reading
How Google Works - Book summary
Review from The Guardian
2014 non-fiction books
Books about Google
Books by computer and internet entrepreneurs
Grand Central Publishing books
جمعية مرشدات أذربيجان

جمعية مرشدات أذربيجان هي المنظمة التوجيهية الوطنية في أذربيجان، مع الوضع الحالية الجمعية «تعمل من أجل الانضمام إلى الجمعية العالمية للمرشدات وفتيات الكشافة». كل من المرشدات وجمعية كشافة أذربيجان أعضاء في الجمعية الوطنية لمنظمات الشباب التابعة لجمهورية أذربيجان (بالإنجليزية:National Assembly of Youth Organizations of the Republic of Azerbaijan).
المراجع
المنظمات الأعضاء في الجمعية العالمية للمرشدات وفتيات الكشافة
المنظمات الأعضاء في المنظمة العالمية للحركة الكشفية
النشاطات الكشفية والإرشادية في أذربيجان
منظمات أسست في 1997
Sheikha Manal's Young Artist Award

Sheikha Manal's Young Artist Award
Launched in 2006 as an annual fine arts competition for emerging artists in the United Arab Emirates, under the patronage of Manal bint Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, President of Dubai Women Establishment and the founder of Dubai Ladies Club, wife of Mansour bin Zayed Al Nayhan, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Presidential Affairs, UAE. The prize money of the awards totals to USD 110,000 and divided into four main categories: Fine Art, Photography, Multimedia and Design.
Judges
The award is juried by a different panel of industry professionals and senior artists every year. 50 artworks are shortlisted from the online open call applications, followed by the declaration of the winners at the gala award ceremony.
2006: Hassan Sharif, Dr.Najat Makki, Mohammed Kazem, William Lawrie, Ian Redelinghuys, Dr. Mazen Asfour, Nelda Gildam.
2008: Dr.Najat Makki, Jassim Al Awadhi, Nazeem Shafi, Patricia Mills, Kimberly Lund.
2009: Sheikha Lateefa bint Maktoum, Salwa Mikdadi, Judith Greer, Jassim Al Awadhi.
2010: Antonia Carver, Jack Persekian, Jassim Al Awadhi, Sultan Sooud Al Qassemi, William Lawrie.
2011: Hoor Al Qasimi, Rami Farouk, Hala Khayat, Patricia Mills.
2012: Khalil Abdulwahid, Rami Farook, Ebtisam Abdulaziz, Ramin Salsali.
2013: Antonia Carver, Maisa Al Qassimi, Marjan Farjan, Wafa Hasher Al Maktoum.
Winners
2006: Sarah Ayoub Agha, Natalie Penderis, Nuha Hassan Asad Ali Hussain, Muna Al Ali, Roshni Armanani.
2008: Sarah Abdul Rahman Saifaei, Nazanin Irani, Nadia Hamidi, Darwin H. Guevarra, Raji Salem Al Sharif.
2009: Evan Paul Collisson, Rebecca Rendell, Nawal Khoory, Maitha Hilal Bin Demithan, Zainab Al Haj Yahya, Noor Abdullah, Afra Hilal Khalifan Bin Dhaher, Ayesha Salahuddin Al Janahi, Altamash Urooj.
2010: Fatima Mahuiddin, Zara Mahnmoud, Mohammed Hisham Hindash, Hamad Alansari, Aya Atoui, Saher Sheikh, Nishad Mohammed.
2011: Walid Al Wawi, Asma Belhamar, Raudha Al Ghurair, Omar Aly Mohamed, Bassim A.Eskander, Jetshri Bhadviya, Razan Daoud Khalaf, Lantian Xie, Deena Stevens, Arwa Al Absi Al Jundi.
2012: Saif Mhaisen, Amal Zainal Alkhaja, Nada Khalid Al Abdooli, Ali Aminu Monguno, Omnia El Afifi, Rasha Dakkak, Bao-Nhat Dinh Nguyen, Arwa Ramadan, Nargis Dhirani.
2013: Sarah Al Agroobi, Bahar Al Bahar, Nada Abu Shakra, Maitha Abdulla, Mohammed Shabanpoor, Fatma Fairooz, Hatem Hatem, Nasser Al Zayani, Sarah Al Agroobi, Tayma Bittard, Gabriella Gomez, Samar Idris, Bahar Al Bahar.
See also
Dubai Culture
References
External links
Arab art scene
Arts awards
Emirati awards
Early career awards
Awards established in 2006
2006 establishments in the United Arab Emirates
Urban semiotics

Urban semiotics is the study of meaning in urban form as generated by signs, symbols, and their social connotations.
Overview
Most urban semiotic theory is based on social semiotics, which considers social connotations, including meanings related to ideology and power structures, in addition to denotative meanings of signs. As such, urban semiotics focuses on material objects of the built environment, such as streets, squares, parks, and buildings, but also unbuilt cultural products such as building codes, planning documents, unbuilt designs, real estate advertising, and popular discourse about the city, such as architectural criticism and real estate blogs.
Theorists who take a social semiotic approach to urban semiotics define their discipline in opposition to the methods of behavioral geography, beginning with the work of Kevin Lynch in The Image of the City, which they criticize for being limited by its exclusive focus on the denotative level of communication (recognition of spatial elements, such as paths, as conceptual objects), ignoring the connotative meanings associated with urban forms; instead, urban semioticians argue that urban structures often become recognizable because they have symbolic meaning beyond their functional meanings. The social semiotic approach to urban semiotics also grew out of a critique of architectural semiotics, which was perceived to be overly attached to linguistic models of semiosis and thus unable to adequately consider the social connotations of signs.
Some theorists have used semiotic models in empirical studies of the construction of meaning in urban environments. Raymond Ledrut has used questionnaires and interviews about viewers' responses to sets of photographs in order to examine the role of class in shaping mental models of the city. Martin Krampen conducted studies of photograph recognition in order to discover the level of facade detail required to identify building types, and to examine the role of socioeconomic status in shaping preference for building styles.
Associated authors
Roland Barthes
Francoise Choay
Umberto Eco
Mark Gottdiener
Algirdas Julien Greimas
Martin Krampen
Alexandros Lagopoulos
Raymond Ledrut
Henri Lefebvre
References
Further reading
Gottdiener, M. and Alexandros Ph. Lagopoulos, eds. The City and the Sign: An Introduction to Urban Semiotics. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986.
Gottdiener. Urban Semiotics (essay)
Krampen, Martin. Meaning in the Urban Environment. London: Pion, 1979.
Urban geography
Environmental studies
Semiotics