PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
ضحك شرير

ضحك شرير
الضحك الشرير أو الضحك المهووس هو الضحك الهوس من قبل الشرير في الخيال، يعود التعبير إلى عام 1860 على الأقل ويعد الضحك الشرير من أقدم التعابير في المسلسلات والأفلام حيث يعود لعام 1784 حيث ينطق المشرفون بهذه الضحكات، يمكن كتابتها مثل Mwahahaha ، muwhahaha ، muhahaha ، Bwahahaha.
خلال الثلاثينيات، استخدم البرنامج الإذاعي الشهير ذا شادو ضحكة شريرة كجزء من عرضها هذا ما عبر عنه الممثل فرانك ريديك، وتم استخدام ضحكاته حتى بعد أن تولى أورسون ويلز الدور القيادي.
عند الرجال، يبدأ الضحك على شكل ضجيج منخفض، في الجزء الخلفي من الحلق، يعمل ببطء في طريقه إلى محك بصوت عال بالنسبة للنساء، يبدأ بصوت عال أجش ويرتفع إلى ابتسامة مهووسة غريبة.
إرتباطات
جنون العظمة
لطالما إرتبطت الضحكات الشريرة بجنون العظمة حيث يضحك الشخص الضحكات الشريرة عند الشعور بجنون العظمة كما في الأفلام السينمائية
علم النفس
أوضح العالم النفسي، جينز كجيلدجارد كريستيانسين، أن الضحكة التي تميز العديد من شخصيات الأفلام الشريرة، مثل الجوكر، هي علامة واضحة على شرهم و«الاستمتاع الصريح» بمعاناة الآخرين.
وتوجد أيضا أسباب عديدة عملية للضحك الشرير، وفقا للسيد جينز الذي يعمل في جامعة آرهوس.
وعلى سبيل المثال، تشير الرسومات الموجودة في ألعاب «سوبر ماريو»، إلى أنه من الصعب استحضار استجابة عاطفية من لاعب معين. ويأمل الباحثون الآن بإجراء المزيد من التجارب على الضحك الشرير، لمعرفة الخصائص الشخصية النهائية وتأثيرها على الآخرين.
لم يتمكن العلماء المشاركون من التمييز بين الضحكات العفوية من الكلام غير البشري ولكن يمكنهم تحديد الضحك الإرادي على أنه من صنع الإنسان. تشير هذه النتائج والبيانات الصوتية إلى أن الضحكات العفوية والإرادية تنتجها أنظمة صوتية مختلفة، وأن الضحك العفوي قد يتشارك الميزات مع أصوات الحيوانات غير البشرية التي لا ينتجها الضحك الإرادي.
الاستخدامات
كانت الضحكات الشريرة تستخدم في بعض الالعاب الالكترونية المرعبة وفي أفلام الرعب الأمريكية ويستخدم بعض الممثلين ابتسامة شيطانية إما كأثر جانبي لعدم الصحة النفسية أو للدلالة على الشر كما يفعل الشخص الشرير غالبًا ما يبدو الضحك الشرير في الأفلام، حتى عندما لا يظهر أي شرير على الشاشة. وهذا السيد الضاحك يلاحق الأبطال والضحايا الذين يحاولون الهرب.
مراجع
روابط خارجية
الخير والشر
خوف
ضحك
فكاهة
روبرت هوبر (مهندس)

روبرت هوبر (مهندس)
روبرت هوبر هو مهندس سويسري، ولد في 7 يوليو 1901، وتوفي في 7 أبريل 1995.
مراجع
مواليد 1901
وفيات 1995
مهندسو ميكانيك سويسريون
On the Path

On the Path is a 2010 Bosnian drama film written and directed by Jasmila Žbanić. The film was screened in competition at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival. At the 7th Yerevan Golden Apricot International Film Festival the film won the FIPRESCI Prize.
Plot
Luna and Amar are a young Bosniak couple living in Sarajevo. Both have traumatic memories from the Bosnian War of the 1990s. Luna had seen her parents killed by an anti-Muslim militia in Bijeljina, and had come to Sarajevo with her grandparents as a child refugee. Amar had served as a soldier in the war and lost his brother. At present, however, they have apparently built up a successful life - she as an air hostess with B&H Airlines, he as an air traffic controller at the Sarajevo International Airport. When she comes back from a flight they make love passionately and go to have a good time at a local nightclub. Though identifying as "Muslims" in the context of Bosnia's ethnic set-up, religion plays no part in their life. In fact, Amar drinks alcohol a bit too much - which is forbidden by Islam - and it is this which begins to put their relationship under strain.
First of all, Amar loses his job for being drunk at work. Luna is very worried and has little hope of realizing her fragile dream of having a child with Amar. But her fears for their future increase when Amar takes on a well-paid job in a Muslim community hours away from where they live. Only after quite some time has elapsed during which they have had no contact with each other, is Luna allowed to visit Amar in this community of conservative Wahhabis in its idyllic lakeside location. She notices that the men and veiled women live in strict segregation and are closely watched. Luna asks Amar to return home with her but Amar insists that life in this isolated community of faithful followers has brought him peace and also keeps him from drinking. When he returns home a few weeks later, Luna realizes that Amars attitude to religion has fundamentally changed. Amar claims that his only interest is to become a better person, but Luna finds it extremely difficult to follow his line of thinking. She begins to question everything that she has believed in, even her desire to have a child. As the wounds of a tragic war-filled past continue to haunt her, Luna tears herself apart searching if love is truly enough to keep her and Amar together on the path to a lifetime of happiness.
Cast
Zrinka Cvitešić
Leon Lučev
Mirjana Karanović
Nina Violić
Jasna Beri
Jasna Žalica
Mirvad Kurić
Sebastian Cavazza
Marija Kohn
Izudin Bajrović
Vanessa Glodjo
Ermin Bravo
References
External links
2010 films
Bosnian-language films
2010 drama films
Films directed by Jasmila Žbanić
Films set in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Films about Islam
Bosnia and Herzegovina drama films
Andrei Olhovskiy

Andrei Olhovskiy
Andrei Stanislavovich Olhovskiy (born 15 April 1966) is a former tennis player from Russia, who turned professional in 1989.
Career
Olhovskiy represented the Soviet Union at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul and Russia at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, where he reached the quarterfinals as a wild card before falling to Brazil's Fernando Meligeni.
The right-hander won two career titles in singles (Copenhagen, 1993 and Shanghai, 1996) and 20 titles in doubles, French Open (1993) and Australian Open (1994) champion in mixed doubles. Olhovskiy reached his highest ATP singles ranking on 14 June 1993, when he became world No. 49, and his highest doubles ranking of No. 6 (31 July 1995). He played for the Russia Davis Cup team from 1983 to 2001. He defeated No. 1 seed Jim Courier in the third round of Wimbledon in 1992.
Career finals
Singles (2 wins, 2 losses)
Doubles: 40 (20–20)
Doubles performance timeline
External links
Olympic tennis players for Russia
Olympic tennis players for the Soviet Union
Tennis players from Moscow
Russian male tennis players
Soviet male tennis players
Tennis players at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Tennis players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
1966 births
Living people
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in mixed doubles
Universiade medalists in tennis
Universiade silver medalists for the Soviet Union
Australian Open (tennis) champions
French Open champions
Medalists at the 1987 Summer Universiade
رالي المكسيك 2006

رالي المكسيك 2006 هو سباق رالي أقيم في الفترة من مارس 3 إلى 2006 في ليون. كان الجولة الثالثة ضمن بطولة العالم للراليات موسم 2006. تكون الرالي من 17 مرحلة. فاز سيباستيان لوب ببطولة السائقين.
النتائج
مراجع
بطولة العالم للراليات موسم 2006
رالي المكسيك
رياضة محركات مكسيكية في 2006
أنامر (زاكموزن)

أنامر (زاكموزن)
أنامر هو دُوَّار يقع بجماعة زڭموزن، إقليم تارودانت، جهة سوس ماسة في المملكة المغربية. ينتمي الدوّار لمشيخة زاكموزن التي تضم 31 دوار. يقدر عدد سكانه بـ 169 نسمة حسب الإحصاء الرسمي للسكان والسكنى لسنة 2004.
مراجع
روابط خارجية
البوابة الوطنية للجماعات الترابية
المندوبية السامية للتخطيط
أماكن مأهولة في زاكموزن (زڭموزن)
هرج ومرج (فيلم)

هرج ومرج (فيلم)
هرج ومرج فيلم مصري من إنتاج عام 2013.
القصة
في إطار الفانتازيا الاجتماعية تدور أحداث الفيلم حول قصة حب تجمع بين منال وزكي ومنير الذين يحاولون تحقيق أحلامهم البسيطة وتلبية احتياجاتهم الأساسية رغم كل ما يحدث في البلد، في الوقت الذي يحاول كل من زكي ومنير الفوز بقلب منال والرهان عليها.
طاقم التمثيل
أيتن عامر
رمزي لينر
محمد فراج
صبري عبد المنعم
روابط خارجية
المصادر
صفحة الفيلم علي موقع السينما
الموقع الرسمي للفيلم
أفلام صبري عبد المنعم
أفلام مصرية إنتاج 2013
Adolfo Martín

Adolfo Martín González (9 December 1910 – 4 September 1975) was a Spanish footballer who played for La Liga side Real Betis. He is noted as being the first Real Betis player to score in La Liga. He scored in a 9–1 loss to the 1932–33 champions Athletic Bilbao. From 1932 through to 1936, Adolfo Martín appeared in 49 La Liga games, scoring 12 goals. He was born in La Laguna, Tenerife.
References
External links
1910 births
1975 deaths
Spanish men's footballers
La Liga players
Real Betis players
Men's association football midfielders
إهراون (إرحمونن)

إهراون (إرحمونن)
إهراون هو دُوَّار يقع بجماعة بني جميل، إقليم الحسيمة، جهة طنجة تطوان الحسيمة في المملكة المغربية. ينتمي الدوّار لمشيخة إرحمونن التي تضم 14 دوار. يقدر عدد سكانه بـ 257 نسمة حسب الإحصاء الرسمي للسكان والسكنى لسنة 2004.
مراجع
روابط خارجية
البوابة الوطنية للجماعات الترابية
المندوبية السامية للتخطيط
أماكن مأهولة في إرحمونن (بني جميل)
Harold Hillman

Harold Hillman (16 August 1930 – 5 August 2016) was a British scientist and expert in the neurobiology of execution methods. He was born in London.
Theories
Hillman caused controversy in biological fields with his insistence that structures seen in cells under the electron microscope were little more than artefacts. He maintained that up to 90 percent of the brain is made up of "a fine, granular material that is virtually liquid," and that the brain only has two cell types, instead of four.
Mainstream scientists maintain that as fixation techniques have been compared with other analysis techniques, there is no explanation for why all the different techniques should produce identical artifacts.
Hillman's main field was neurobiology and resuscitation, in which his work was largely uncontroversial.
Charitable work
Hillman was a founder member of Amnesty International, and later produced research for the charity.
Career
Hillman was Reader in Physiology at the University of Surrey from 1965 until 1989, when he took early retirement after being threatened with loss of tenure. He wrote in 1996: "I believe that I am the only tenured academic in Britain who has lost his tenure because of his or her scientific views."
In 1997, he was awarded the Ig Nobel Peace Prize for his report "The Possible Pain Experienced During Execution by Different Methods."
Harold Hillman died peacefully of heart failure on 5 August 2016. He was survived by his wife, their children, and their grandchildren.
Personal life
Hillman was born to David Hillman, a well known producer of stained glass, who was the son of Rabbi Shmuel Yitzchak Hillman. His brothers were Ellis Hillman and Mayer Hillman, and he was a cousin of Isaac Herzog.
Bibliography
What price intellectual honesty?” asks a neurobiologist, published in Brian Martin (editor), Confronting the Experts (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1996) pp. 99–130 (includes a bibliography of his works to 1996)
References
1930 births
2016 deaths
British neuroscientists
Academics of the University of Surrey
حارة الجامع (توضيح)

حارة الجامع (توضيح)
قد يقصد من «حارة الجامع» :
فيض أباد الجديدة (تيرجرد)

فيض أباد الجديدة (تيرجرد)
فيض أباد الجديدة هي قرية تقع في إيران في قسم تيرجرد الريفي. يقدر عدد سكانها بـ 25 نسمة .
انظر أيضاً
قائمة مدن إيران
مراجع
أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة أبركوه
432 (توضيح)

432 (توضيح)
(عدد): عدد طبيعي.
ماسيمو دراجو

ماسيمو دراجو (2 مارس 1971 بكروتوني في إيطاليا - ) هو مدرب كرة قدم ولاعب كرة قدم إيطالي في مركز الدفاع. لعب مع نادي أفيلينو ونادي كاتانيا ونادي كروتوني ونادي كييتي كالسيو الرياضي و و و ونادي بوتنزا و و.
مراجع
مدافعو كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص من كروتوني
رياضيون من قلورية
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو كروتوني
لاعبو كرة قدم إيطاليون
لاعبو نادي أفيلينو
لاعبو نادي كاتانيا
مدربو كرة قدم إيطاليون
مدربو نادي كروتوني
مواليد 1971
لاعبو كرة قدم من كالابريا
Geastrum elegans

Geastrum elegans is an inedible species of mushroom belonging to the genus Geastrum, or earthstar fungi.
elegans
Fungi described in 1842
Fungi of Europe
Inedible fungi
Bjarne Johnsen

Bjarne Johnsen (27 April 1892 – 4 September 1984) was a Norwegian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.
He was part of the Norwegian team, which won the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event. He was born and died in Bergen, and represented Bergens TF.
References
1892 births
1984 deaths
Norwegian male artistic gymnasts
Gymnasts at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Olympic gymnasts for Norway
Olympic gold medalists for Norway
Sportspeople from Bergen
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Medalists at the 1912 Summer Olympics
20th-century Norwegian people
Tony Kerr

Tony Kerr (born 21 December 1987 in Sandown) is an English professional footballer who plays for Kitsap Pumas in the USL Premier Development League, and for the English National Beach Soccer team.
Club career
Kerr started playing beach soccer at 14 years of age, fast gaining a reputation as a goalscorer on the English scene after scoring 48 goals in his first season, winning the England Beach Soccer golden foot award. Later, at 16 years old, Kerr again won the EBS golden foot, as well as earning a place in the England Squad and being named English Rookie of the Year.
On 23 April 2009, Kerr was announced to the press as a new signing for the Kitsap Pumas, a brand new professional soccer franchise playing out of Bremerton in the Premier Development League NorthWest Division. Kerr scored the first goal in Kitsap franchise history on 3 May 2009, in a 5–0 win over the Spokane Spiders. He finished his first professional season as Kitsap's second leading points scorer with 7 goals and 2 assists. He started both play-off games as the Pumas eventually lost to eventual PDL National Champions Ventura County Fusion in Laredo, Texas.
At the end of the 2009 season, it was announced that the Pumas would be extending his contract for the 2010 season; he was the first ever player to renew their contract with the club.
International career
Karr has represented England at International level being capped for the Beach Soccer team earning his first call up age 16 and being named English Rookie of the Year.
Kerr returned to the international scene in 2008, scoring the winning penalty in his debut against Estonia in the FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup Qualifiers.
He continued to do well on the International scene, scoring 2 goals in three games against Turkey and Hungary, both during England's largely unsuccessful tour of France.
In 2010, the Forward was named in a ten-man squad to tour the Canary Islands with the England Beach Soccer team after a years absence from the national team. Games included Spain, Switzerland and Germany.
Personal
Tony is the younger brother of FIFA beach soccer coach Luke Kerr.
External links
Sandown Sociedad BSC Profile
England Beach Soccer Team Profile
FIFA Beach Soccer Profile
References
1987 births
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
English men's footballers
Kitsap Pumas players
People from Sandown
USL League Two players
East Cowes Victoria Athletic A.F.C. players
English expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
English expatriate men's footballers
Bruce Gibson

Bruce Gibson (Benjamin Bruce Gibson, born July 15, 1953) is a Texas lawyer, politician, tax consultant and lobbyist. He was a member of the Texas House of Representatives for Texas State District 58 from 1981 to 1992, serving in the 67th through 72nd sessions, resigning from the House in 1992 to become executive assistant to Texas Lieutenant Governor Bob Bullock.
He later served as president of the Texas Chamber of Commerce and subsequently as Chief of Staff to Texas Lieutenant Governor David Dewhurst.
He has a Bachelor of Arts degree in history from Texas Christian University and a law degree from the University of Texas School of Law.
References
Members of the Texas House of Representatives
1953 births
Texas Christian University alumni
University of Texas School of Law alumni
Living people
EIF3B

EIF3B (Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit B) هوَ بروتين يُشَفر بواسطة جين EIF3B في الإنسان.
الوظيفة
الأهمية السريرية
المراجع
قراءة متعمقة
جينات على كروموسوم 7
جوناثان ماهر

جوناثان ماهر هو لاعب قذف أيرلندي، ولد في 1985.
مراجع
مواليد 1985
Cholic acid

Cholic acid, also known as 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid is a primary bile acid that is insoluble in water (soluble in alcohol and acetic acid), it is a white crystalline substance. Salts of cholic acid are called cholates. Cholic acid, along with chenodeoxycholic acid, is one of the two major bile acids produced by the liver, where it is synthesized from cholesterol. These two major bile acids are roughly equal in concentration in humans. Derivatives are made from cholyl-CoA, which exchanges its CoA with either glycine, or taurine, yielding glycocholic and taurocholic acid, respectively.
Cholic acid downregulates cholesterol-7-α-hydroxylase (rate-limiting step in bile acid synthesis), and cholesterol does the opposite. This is why chenodeoxycholic acid, and not cholic acid, can be used to treat gallstones (because decreasing bile acid synthesis would supersaturate the stones even more).
Cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid are the most important human bile acids. Other species may synthesize different bile acids as their predominant primary bile acids.
Medical uses
Cholic acid, sold under the brand name Cholbam, is approved for use in the United States and is indicated as a treatment for children and adults with bile acid synthesis disorders due to single enzyme defects, and for peroxisomal disorders (such as Zellweger syndrome).
It was approved for use in the European Union in September 2013, and is sold under the brand name Orphacol. It is indicated for the treatment of inborn errors in primary bile-acid synthesis due to 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-C27-steroid oxidoreductase deficiency or Δ4-3-oxosteroid-5β-reductase deficiency in infants, children and adolescents aged one month to 18 years and adults.
Cholic acid FGK (Kolbam) was approved for medical use in the European Union in November 2015. It is indicated for the treatment of inborn errors of primary bile acid synthesis, in infants from one month of age for continuous lifelong treatment through adulthood, encompassing the following single enzyme defects:
sterol 27-hydroxylase deficiency (presenting as cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, CTX);
2- (or alpha-) methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) deficiency;
cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) deficiency.
The most common side effects include peripheral neuropathy (nerve damage in the hands and feet), diarrhea, nausea (feeling sick), acid reflux (stomach acid flowing up into the mouth), esophagitis (inflammation of the food pipe), jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), skin problems (lesions) and malaise (feeling unwell).
Interactive pathway map
References
External links
Bile acids
Triols
Cholanes
Orphan drugs
Eric Ang

Eric Ang (born February 2, 1971) is a shooter from the Philippines. He represented the country in the 2008 Summer Olympics. He lost in the contention for any medal by placing 30th on the qualifying rounds for Men's Trap on the second day of the games.
References
See also
Philippines at the 2008 Summer Olympics
1971 births
Living people
Filipino male sport shooters
Trap and double trap shooters
Olympic shooters for the Philippines
Shooters at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Asian Games medalists in shooting
Shooters at the 1998 Asian Games
Shooters at the 2002 Asian Games
Shooters at the 2006 Asian Games
Shooters at the 2010 Asian Games
Shooters at the 2014 Asian Games
Asian Games bronze medalists for the Philippines
SEA Games bronze medalists for the Philippines
SEA Games silver medalists for the Philippines
SEA Games medalists in shooting
Medalists at the 2002 Asian Games
Competitors at the 2005 SEA Games
Competitors at the 2019 SEA Games
SEA Games gold medalists for the Philippines
Trevor McCallum

Trevor McCallum (born February 26, 1964) is a former English-Canadian soccer defender who played professionally in the North American Soccer League and earned eighteen caps with the Canada men's national soccer team.
Career
McCallum played with Aston Villa's youth team, and in 1979 he moved to Canada where he played with Mississauga United in 1981. In 1982, he played in the National Soccer League with Toronto Italia. In 1983, he played in the North American Soccer League with Toronto Blizzard in the last two seasons of the league. In 1986, he returned to the National Soccer League and played with former team Toronto Italia. The following season he played in the Canadian Soccer League with the Edmonton Brick Men, but was traded to the Blizzard midway through the season. During his time in the Canadian Soccer League he was selected to the 1989 All-Star team.
In 1990, he was originally transferred to Edmonton, but shortly after was traded to Kitchener Spirit. In 1991, he returned to play with the Toronto Blizzard.
International career
McCallum made his debut for the Canadian national soccer team on December 6, 1983 against Mexico in a friendly match. In total he played 18 international matches for the national team between 1983 and 1988.
Personal life
His nephew Gavin McCallum is also a footballer who played for the Canadian national soccer team.
References
External links
1961 births
Living people
Footballers from Birmingham, West Midlands
Canada men's international soccer players
Canadian Soccer League (1987–1992) players
Black Canadian men's soccer players
Canadian men's soccer players
English emigrants to Canada
Men's association football defenders
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) players
Soccer players from Mississauga
Toronto Blizzard (1986–1993) players
Toronto Blizzard (1971–1984) players
Toronto Italia players
Kitchener Spirit players
Canadian National Soccer League players
Hamilton Steelers (1981–1992) players
Griffinia hyacinthina

Griffinia hyacinthina is a bulbous species of flowering plant which is endemic to Brazil.
Description
Bulbs and leaves
The tunicate bulbs of Griffinia hyacinthina can be up to 7.5 cm wide. They bear 5-7 leaves, which are glabrous and petiolate.
Flowers
The up to 60 cm long umbellate inflorescence, which exceeds the leaves in its height, bears up to seventeen blue-violet flowers lacking fragrance. Within Griffinia subgenus Griffinia, it has the largest flowers. Flowering occurs in the period of March through April. Up to five flowers may be open at the same time and they last for approximately one week.
Reproduction
Generative reproduction
Flower and fruit formation in its natural habitat occurs in March to April. Infructescences with 1-7 fruits are formed. Each pear-shaped fruit contains 1-3 seeds. Germination occurs within a period of 1-3 months and the seedlings reach maturity within 3-4 years.
Vegetative reproduction
Vegetative reproduction occurs through bulbils, which form clusters around the mother plant.
Taxonomy
This species was first described in 1817 as Amaryllis hyacinthina Ker Gawl. by John Bellenden Ker Gawler. Three years later he transferred it to Griffinia as Griffinia hyacinthina (Ker Gawl.) Ker Gawl. It is the type species of its genus.
Habitat
This species of Griffinia grows in a very specific habitat. It requires the warmth, deep shade and high humidity of the tropical rainforest where the floor is covered with large quantities of organic matter. Like related species, G. hyacinthina is endemic to Brazil. It is native to the south-eastern part of the country, specifically the Atlantic Forest.
Conservation
This species is endangered. It is threatened by extinction, due to habitat destruction.
Cultivation
It should be cultivated in well draining soils with a high proportion of organic material.
References
Amaryllidoideae
Flora of Brazil
Flora of Southern America
Endemic flora of Brazil
أليكس نور الدين

أليكس نور الدين (9 سبتمر 1950 - ) كان حاكم سومطرة الجنوبية، منذ 7 نوفمبر 2008. عمل سابقًا كوصي في بانيواسين لفترتين متتاليتين (2001-2006) ثم (2007-2012). في 14 يونيو 2008 في الفترة الثانية من ولايته، استقال مرتبطًا بترشيحه لمنصب حاكم جنوب سومطرة في الانتخابات المحلية من 2008 إلى 2013. ولد في فلمبان في سومطرة الجنوبية.
انتهت ولايته الثانية في وقت سابق قليلاً من المقرر في 21 سبتمبر 2018، وتم استبداله بهيرمان ديرو.
المراجع
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من فلمبان
إندونيسيون من أصل ملايوي
حكام سومطرة الجنوبية
سعوديون من أصل ملايوي
مغاربة من أصل ملايوي
مواليد 1950