PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
Masakazu Kihara

Masakazu Kihara
is a Japanese football player.
Club statistics
References
External links
1987 births
Living people
Hannan University alumni
Association football people from Yamaguchi Prefecture
Japanese men's footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Omiya Ardija players
Avispa Fukuoka players
Expatriate men's footballers in Cambodia
Men's association football midfielders
Angkor Tiger FC players
Angkor Tiger FC managers
Universiade bronze medalists for Japan
Universiade medalists in football
Japanese football managers
Medalists at the 2009 Summer Universiade
Japanese expatriate sportspeople in Cambodia
كليف بلات

كليف بلات (27 أكتوبر 1977 بولفرهامبتن في المملكة المتحدة - ) هو لاعب كرة قدم بريطاني في مركز الهجوم. لعب مع كوفنتري سيتي وكولتشستر يونايتد وميلتون كينز دونز ونادي بوري ونادي والسول ونوتس كاونتي ونادي بيتربورو يونايتد ونادي نورثامبتون تاون ونادي روتشديل.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إنجليز
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
رياضيون بريطانيون سود
رياضيون من وولفرهامبتون
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الإنجليزي
لاعبو كرة قدم إنجليز
لاعبو كوفتري سيتي
لاعبو كولتشستر يونايتد
لاعبو نادي بوري
لاعبو نادي بيتربورو يونايتد
لاعبو نادي ميلتون كينز دونز
لاعبو نادي والسول
لاعبو نوتس كاونتي
لاعبو نورثامبتون تاون
مواليد 1977
لاعبو نادي روتشدیل
لاعبو كرة قدم من وولفرهامبتون
العلاقات اللبنانية الليبيرية

العلاقات اللبنانية الليبيرية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين لبنان وليبيريا.
مقارنة بين البلدين
هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين:
منظمات دولية مشتركة
يشترك البلدان في عضوية مجموعة من المنظمات الدولية، منها:
وصلات خارجية
موقع وزارة الخارجية الليبيرية
مراجع
العلاقات اللبنانية الليبيرية
إيما بيل كليفتون

إيما بيل كليفتون هي ممثلة أمريكية، ولدت في 1 نوفمبر 1874 في بيتسبرغ في الولايات المتحدة، وتوفيت في 3 أغسطس 1922 في لوس أنجلوس في الولايات المتحدة.
أعمال
أفلام
(1914) تحت المظلة
(1914) كسب العيش
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أشخاص من بنسيلفانيا
كاتبات أمريكيات في القرن 20
كاتبات سيناريو أمريكيات
كتاب سيناريو أمريكيون في القرن 20
كتاب سيناريو من بنسيلفانيا
كتاب من بنسلفانيا
كتاب وكاتبات أمريكيون في القرن 20
مواليد 1874
وفيات 1922
Osterley tube station

Osterley tube station
Osterley is a London Underground station in Osterley in west London. The station is on the Heathrow branch of the Piccadilly line, between Boston Manor and Hounslow East. The station is located on Great West Road (A4) close to the National Trust-owned Osterley Park. It is in Travelcard Zone 4.
History
Osterley station opened on 25 March 1934. A station at Osterley had first opened in 1883 at Osterley & Spring Grove, located about 300m to the east on Thornbury Road. In June 1931, it had been decided to relocate the station to the west, to a site adjacent to the new Great West Road which had opened in 1925. Upon opening, the Osterley & Spring Grove station was closed, although the station building remained.
Designed in the modern European style used elsewhere on the Piccadilly line by Charles Holden, the station was designed by architect Stanley Heaps following a preliminary plan by Holden. The design uses brick, reinforced concrete and large areas of glass. The station also features a brick tower topped with a concrete "obelisk", possibly inspired by De Telegraaf Building in Amsterdam, which Holden visited as part of a study trip to the Netherlands. The Chief Executive of London Transport Frank Pick felt that stations designed by others that followed Holden's style lacked attention to detail – with Pick dubbing them 'Holdenesque'. The station was awarded listed building status in 1987, at Grade II.
Osterley station was a replacement for an earlier station, "Osterley & Spring Grove", located about 300m to the east on Thornbury Road, which was closed when Osterley opened. The old station buildings and platforms remain.
The station was served from its opening by trains from the District and Piccadilly lines, although District line services were withdrawn on 9 October 1964.
Step-free access
In 2009, because of financial constraints, Transport for London decided to stop work on a project to provide step-free access at Osterley on the grounds that it was a relatively quiet station and within one or two stops of an existing step-free station, Hounslow East where step-free access has been available since 2005.
In 2017, TfL announced that Osterley station would receive funding for step-free access, with work commencing in 2018. In October 2021, Osterley became the 89th step-free Tube station, following completion of works at the station to install two lifts.
Connections
London Buses route H91 serves the station.
Osterley is the closest tube station to Sky's offices near Gillette Corner. Sky runs a private shuttle bus service to and from the station every 15 minutes during extended office hours for visitors and staff.
Gallery
References
External links
London Transport Museum Photographic Archive
Piccadilly line stations
London Underground Night Tube stations
Art Deco architecture in London
Tube stations in the London Borough of Hounslow
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1934
Art Deco railway stations
Charles Holden railway stations
David King (historian)

David King (historian)
David King (born 1970) is an American historian and writer. He lives in Lexington, Kentucky and has taught European History at the University of Kentucky. He authored the books: Finding Atlantis (2005), Vienna 1814 (2008), and Death in the City of Light: The Serial Killer of Nazi-Occupied Paris (2011).
Works
2005, USA, Finding Atlantis: A true story of genius, madness and an extraordinary quest for a lost world. New York: Harmony Books.
2008, USA, Vienna, 1814: How the conquerors of Napoleon made love, war, and peace at the Congress of Vienna. New York: Harmony Books.
2011, USA, Death in the City of Light: The Serial Killer of Nazi-Occupied Paris. New York: Crown.
2017, USA, The Trial of Adolf Hitler: The Beer Hall Putsch and the Rise of Nazi Germany. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
References
1970 births
Living people
21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
American male non-fiction writers
Scalesia affinis

Scalesia affinis is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is endemic to the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador.
It is one of the most widely distributed Scalesia species and occurs on four major islands: Fernandina Island, Isabela Island (main distribution area), Santa Cruz Island and Floreana Island.
Populations from Santa Cruz and Floreana display some morphological and genetic divergence from populations of Fernandina Island and Isabela Island.
References
Eliasson, U.H. 1974. Studies in Galapagos Plants XIV. The Genus Scalesia Arn.Opera Botanica, 36: 1-117
Nielsen, L.R. 2004. Molecular differentiation within and among Island Populations of the Endemic Plant Scalesia affinis (Asteraceae) from the Galápagos Islands. Heredity, 93: 434–442.
affinis
Flora of the Galápagos Islands
Least concern plants
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Ziyad Al-Sahafi

Ziyad Al-Sahafi (born 3 February 1994) is a Saudi Arabian footballer who plays as a defender for Saudi Pro League side Abha.
Career
On 31 August 2022, Al-Sahafi joined Al-Taawoun on loan from Al-Ittihad.
On 7 September 2023, Al-Sahafi joined Abha on a permanent transfer.
Career statistics
Club
Honours
Al-Ittihad
King Cup: 2018
Crown Prince Cup: 2016–17
References
External links
Living people
1994 births
Footballers from Jeddah
Saudi Arabian men's footballers
Saudi Arabia men's international footballers
Al-Ittihad Club (Jeddah) players
Al Taawoun FC players
Abha Club players
Saudi Pro League players
Men's association football defenders
Men's association football midfielders
Riadh Jelassi

Riadh Jelassi (born 7 July 1971 in Tebourba) is a Tunisian former professional footballer who played as a striker.
He was a member of the Tunisian national team at the World Cups in 1998 and 2002, although he only appeared as a substitute in Tunisia's last 1998 World Cup match against Romania, already eliminated. He scored 5 goals in 20 appearances for Tunisia.
International goals
External links
1971 births
Living people
Tunisian men's footballers
Tunisia men's international footballers
Tunisian expatriate men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
1998 FIFA World Cup players
2002 FIFA World Cup players
1998 African Cup of Nations players
Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1 players
Saudi Pro League players
Étoile Sportive du Sahel players
Al Shabab FC (Riyadh) players
Espérance Sportive de Tunis players
Expatriate men's footballers in Saudi Arabia
Tunisian expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia
أسيف المال

أسيف المال هي جماعة قروية في إقليم شيشاوة بجهة مراكش آسفي. وهي تضم .. نسمة، حسب الإحصاء العام للسكان والسكنى لسنة 2014.
يبعد مركز الجماعة عن شيشاوة بـ كلم، وعن مراكش بـ كلم.
تاريخ
في سنة 2008، زار الملك محمد السادس جماعة أسيف المال، وأعطى إنطلاقة أشغال بناء سد أبي العباس السبتي في تاسكورت، وعاد الملك في سنة 2014، وأشرف على تدشين هذا السد. وهو سد يهدف بالأساس إلى الرفع من المساحة المسقية، وحماية المنشآت الفلاحية، وتحسين دخل الفلاحين من خلال تطوير وتنويع منتجاتهم الفلاحية.
دواوير الجماعة
دوار تدارت
دوار تمقرة
دوار تبونوت
دوار بونو
دوار أيت عبايد
دوار الجرف
دوار دار أكيماخ
دوار تلمعدنت
دوار دار النمس
دوار تفروخت
دوار تكرار
دوار إمين واسيف
دوار زاوية سيدي بوعثمان
دوار زلوت
دوار أنبدور
دوار إمي غزر
دوار تسكورت
التعليم
قائمة المؤسسات التعليمية في جماعة أسيف المال:
مجموعة مدارس دار أكيماخ (المركزية: دار أكيماخ / الوحدات: أيت عبايد - بونو)
مجموعة مدارس إمين واسيف (المركزية: إمين واسيف / الوحدات: تكرار - دار النمس - تدارت)
مجموعة مدارس أسيف المال (المركزية: ../ الوحدات: أنبدور - إمي غزر - تسكورت)
إعدادية أسيف المال
النقل والطرق
الصحة
مراجع
جماعات قروية في المغرب
جماعات قروية في إقليم شيشاوة
جماعات قروية في جهة مراكش آسفي
Steve Carlson

Steve Carlson
Steven Edward Carlson (born August 26, 1955) is an American former professional ice hockey forward and a former minor league hockey coach. He played in the World Hockey Association from 1975 to 1979 and the National Hockey League during the 1979–80 season. He also appeared in the movie Slap Shot as one of the three Hanson Brothers.
Biography
Carlson was born in Virginia, Minnesota. He appeared in the movie Slap Shot as one of the three Hanson Brothers, who were based on Carlson and his brothers and teammates. Carlson played in the World Hockey Association with the New England Whalers, Edmonton Oilers and Minnesota Fighting Saints and in the National Hockey League for the Los Angeles Kings, scoring nine goals for the Kings. While playing for the Edmonton Oilers in the WHA, he was the roommate of Wayne Gretzky during his rookie season. Carlson is one of six players to ever be on a team with Gordie Howe and on a team with Wayne Gretzky.
Since retiring from hockey, Carlson runs a power skating school in Johnstown, PA. He and his brothers also make numerous public appearances, primarily at hockey-related events and charities, as their Hanson Brothers characters. The trio also appeared in two sequels to Slap Shot, Slap Shot 2: Breaking the Ice, 2002 and Slap Shot 3: The Junior League, 2008.
On October 4, 2021, Carlson was diagnosed with Stage IV metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
Source
Coaching career
Transactions
Selected by Minnesota Fighting Saints, 7th round, #102 overall 1974 WHA Amateur Draft.
Selected by Detroit Red Wings, 8th round, #131 overall 1975 NHL Amateur Draft.
Traded to Edmonton (WHA) by Minnesota (WHA) with Mike Antonovich, Bill Butters, Jack Carlson, Dave Keon, Jean-Louis Levasseur and John McKenzie, January, 1977.
Traded to New England (WHA) by Edmonton (WHA) with Jack Carlson, Dave Dryden, Dave Keon and John McKenzie for future considerations (Dave Debol, June, 1977), Dan Arndt and cash, January, 1977.
Hockey Cards
See also
List of NHL players
References
External links
http://www.hansonbrothers.net/ - Official site for the Hanson Brothers
1955 births
Living people
American men's ice hockey centers
Baltimore Skipjacks coaches
Baltimore Skipjacks players
Detroit Red Wings draft picks
ECHL coaches
Edmonton Oilers (WHA) players
Ice hockey coaches from Minnesota
Ice hockey players from Minnesota
Johnstown Chiefs coaches
Johnstown Jets players
Los Angeles Kings players
Minnesota Fighting Saints draft picks
Minnesota Fighting Saints players
New England Whalers players
People from Virginia, Minnesota
Ice hockey people from St. Louis County, Minnesota
Springfield Indians players
ليندا هوتشيون

ليندا هوتشيون
ليندا هتشيون، (ولدت في 24 أغسطس 1947 في تورونتو)، باحثة كندية متخصصة في دراسة نظرية الأدب، والنقد الأدبي، والأوبرا. عملها في ما بعد الحداثة مشهور بشكل خاص.
نُبذة
حصلت على درجة البكالوريوس في الأدب من جامعة تورنتو في عام 1969، والماجستير في الدراسات الرومانسية من جامعة كورنيل في عام 1971 والدكتوراه في الأدب المقارن في عام 1975، ومرة أخرى من جامعة تورونتو.
درست لأول مرة في جامعة ماك ماستر قبل أن تصبح أستاذة في اللغة الإنجليزية والأدب المقارن في جامعة تورنتو عام 1988. منذ عام 2000، كانت رئيسة الجمعية الأمريكية للغات الحديثة (أول امرأة كندية تشغل هذا المنصب).
من مؤلفاتها
"رواية الرواية التأريخية، تسلية الماضي"، (ترجمة للعربية: شكري مجاهد).
مراجع
أكاديميون كنديون
زملاء الجمعية الملكية
منظرو السخرية
ناقدات أدبيات
نسويون كنديون
نقد أدبي كندي
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة تورنتو
أكاديميون وكتاب في النرجسية
David Reynolds (screenwriter)

David Reynolds (screenwriter)
David Reynolds is an American screenwriter for television and film. His credits include the Disney animated films The Emperor's New Groove and Finding Nemo.
Biography
In the early 1990s, he became a television writer.
He made his writing debut on the late-night television series, Late Night with Conan O'Brien. Afterwards, he started to trend into film with his theatrical debut as additional story material on Mulan. After the success of Mulan, Disney gave Reynolds a 'six-year contract' deal to work for both Walt Disney Feature Animation and Pixar Animation Studios. Some later works with the "Mouse-House" included additional writing on the story for A Bug's Life, writer of the host segments on Fantasia 2000, and got his official writing debut with The Emperor's New Groove.
He went on to write with other writers on films like on Atlantis: The Lost Empire with Tab Murphy, The Jungle Book 2 with Karl Geurs and Evan Spiliotopoulos, and his most acclaimed work yet, Finding Nemo, with Andrew Stanton and Bob Peterson. He received numerous nominations and awards for Nemo, including an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Screenplay, a BAFTA nomination for Best Original Screenplay, a Hugo Award nomination for Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form, and a Nebula Award nomination for Best Script, and won an Annie for Writing in a Feature Production. Reynolds was attached to co-write, alongside Ken Kaufman, the 2006 animated film Curious George. His name was featured in the film’s trailer but was left uncredited in the film.
His last movie credit was for working on Chimpanzee where he was a creative consultant and wrote the short film The Polar Bears in 2012. In 2007, Reynolds was slated to write a film adaptation of the book Nightmare Academy. In 2010, it was reported that he was working at Sony Pictures Animation for a feature titled Futuropolis that would've been co-written and directed by Stephan Franck. , no updates have emerged for Nightmare Academy and Futuropolis. On June 7, 2015, Reynolds and New Groove director Mark Dindal attended a conversation event for the Austin Film Festival where they shared their knowledge, secrets, and strategies.
In 2021, Reynolds was announced as screenwriter for an upcoming animated Garfield film, along with the announcement that Chris Pratt will voice the titular character. Replacing the original screenwriters, Paul A. Kaplan and Mark Torgove the film will reunite Reynolds with New Groove director Mark Dindal.
Filmography
Unrealized projects
Nightmare Academy
Futuropolis
Brooklyn Family Robinson
Where's Charlie?
Awards and nominations
References
External links
Director Mark Dindal and Screenwriter David Reynolds, The Emperor's New Groove Interview
David Reynolds on Instagram
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American male screenwriters
American television writers
Animation screenwriters
Annie Award winners
American male television writers
Pixar people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Walt Disney Animation Studios people
Kerstin Thiele

Kerstin Thiele (born 26 August 1986, in Riesa, Bezirk Dresden, East Germany) is a German judoka and a silver medallist at the Olympic Games 2012 in London.
Kerstin Thiele is a German champion in judo in the Middleweight (70 kg) division. She competes for the German club JC Leipzig, and was part of the German national team.
At the 2012 Olympics she reached the women's middleweight judo final vs. Lucie Décosse, who won the gold medal. On the way Thiele beat Moira de Villiers, Anett Meszaros, Edith Bosch and Chen Fei.
References
External links
Kerstin Thiele at london.judobund.de
1986 births
Living people
People from Riesa
People from Bezirk Dresden
German female judoka
Olympic judoka for Germany
Judoka at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for Germany
Olympic medalists in judo
Sportspeople from Saxony
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
1974 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles

1974 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles
Chris Evert defeated Olga Morozova in the final, 6–0, 6–4 to win the ladies' singles tennis title at the 1974 Wimbledon Championships. It was her first Wimbledon singles title and her second major singles title overall.
Billie Jean King was the two-time defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Morozova.
Seeds
Billie Jean King (quarterfinals)
Chris Evert (champion)
Evonne Goolagong (quarterfinals)
Rosie Casals (fourth round)
Virginia Wade (semifinals)
Kerry Melville (semifinals)
Nancy Gunter (withdrew)
Olga Morozova (final)
Nancy Gunter withdrew due to injury. She was replaced in the draw by lucky loser Tine Zwaan.
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
References
External links
1974 Wimbledon Championships – Women's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Women's Singles
Wimbledon Championship by year – Women's singles
Wimbledon Championships
Wimbledon Championships
الماذن (البيضاء)

الماذن (البيضاء)
الماذن هي إحدى قرى الجمهورية اليمنية. وهي تتبع جغرافيًا لمحافظة البيضاء. وإداريًا لمديرية مكيراس. يبلغ تعداد سكانها 1308 نسمة حسب الإحصاء الذي جرى عام 2004.
مراجع وروابط خارجية
World Gazetteer:Yemen
الجهاز المركزي للإحصاء بالجمهورية اليمنية
المركز الوطني للمعلومات باليمن
قرى مديرية مكيراس
فاني سميث

فاني سميث هي متزحلقة حرة سويسرية، ولدت في 20 مايو 1992 في إيغل في سويسرا.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من إيغل (سويسرا)
رياضيون من كانتون فود
سويسريون من أصل أمريكي
سويسريون من أصل إنجليزي
فائزون بميداليات أولمبية في التزلج الحر
فائزون بميداليات برونزية أولمبية من سويسرا
فائزون بميداليات في الألعاب الأولمبية الشتوية 2018
فائزون بميداليات في الألعاب الأولمبية الشتوية 2022
ممارسات التزلج الحر سويسريات
ممارسو تزلج حر أولمبيون في سويسرا
ممارسو تزلج حر في الألعاب الأولمبية الشتوية 2022
ممارسي التزلج الحر في الألعاب الأولمبية الشتوية 2010
ممارسي التزلج الحر في الألعاب الأولمبية الشتوية 2014
ممارسي التزلج الحر في الألعاب الأولمبية الشتوية 2018
مواليد 1992
2002 في المكسيك

2002 في المكسيك
فيما يلي قوائم الأحداث التي وقعت خلال عام 2002 في المكسيك.
رياضة
1 يناير – المكسيك في كأس العالم 2002
أفلام
من الأفلام التي صدرت هذه السنة في المكسيك:
29 أغسطس – فريدا من إخراج جوليا تيمور.
برامج ومسلسلات وأنمي
عائلة بلوش
وفيات
يناير
26 يناير – فرانسيسكو كابانياس (مواليد 1912) ملاكم مكسيكي.
مارس
16 مارس – كيد أزتيكا (مواليد 1913) ملاكم مكسيكي.
يوليو
5 يوليو – كاتي خورادو (مواليد 1924) ممثلة مكسيكية.
مراجع
2002 حسب البلد
أمريكا الشمالية في 2002
سنوات القرن 21 في المكسيك
المكسيك في عقد 2000
Paul Newell

Paul Newell
Paul Clayton Newell (born 23 February 1969) is an English former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
Career
Newell made 147 appearances for Southend United, Leyton Orient, Colchester United, Barnet and Darlington in the Football League between the 1987–88 and 1996–97 seasons. He went on to play non-league football for clubs including Sittingbourne, St Albans City, Dagenham & Redbridge, Billericay Town, Hendon, Canvey Island, Aveley and Ford United, and was on the books of Northampton Town without playing for the first team.
Honours
Darlington
Football League Third Division play-off runners-up: 1995–96
References
External links
Paul Newell at Soccerbase
1969 births
Living people
Footballers from Woolwich
English men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Southend United F.C. players
Leyton Orient F.C. players
Colchester United F.C. players
Barnet F.C. players
Darlington F.C. players
Sittingbourne F.C. players
Northampton Town F.C. players
St Albans City F.C. players
Dagenham & Redbridge F.C. players
Grays Athletic F.C. players
Billericay Town F.C. players
Canvey Island F.C. players
Aveley F.C. players
Redbridge F.C. players
English Football League players
Isthmian League players
أعلى الجمهة (يافع)

أعلى الجمهة (يافع)
أعلى الجمهة هي إحدى قرى عزلة لبعوس بمديرية يافع التابعة لمحافظة لحج، بلغ تعداد سكانها 24 نسمة حسب تعداد اليمن لعام 2004.
مراجع
المركز الوطني للمعلومات باليمن
اعلى الجمهـة
بار أور (بشت أربابا)

بار أور (بشت أربابا)
بار أور هي قرية تقع في إيران في قسم بشت أربابا الريفي. يقدر عدد سكانها بـ 50 نسمة بحسب إحصاء 2016.
انظر أيضاً
قائمة مدن إيران
مراجع
أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة بانة
بلدات وقرى في مقاطعة بانة
قسم دشتي إسماعيل خاني الريفي (مقاطعة دشتستان)

قسم دشتي إسماعيل خاني الريفي (مقاطعة دشتستان)
قسم دشتي إسماعيل خاني الريفي هي قسم تقع في إيران في ناحية آب. يقدر عدد سكانها بـ 1,354 نسمة .
انظر أيضا
قائمة مدن إيران
مراجع
أقسام محافظة بوشهر الريفية
تأسيسات سنة 2009 في إيران
مقاطعة دشتستان
Tun Mutahir of Pahang

Tun Mutahir of Pahang
Sri Paduka Dato' Bendahara Sri Maharaja Tun Muhammad Tahir ibni Almarhum Dato' Bendahara Sri Maharaja Tun Ali (1813–30 May 1863) was the fifth Raja Bendahara of Pahang who ruled the state until his death in 1863 in the Pahang Civil War.
Early life
He was born in 1813. His father was Tun Ali, Bendahara Siwa Raja, and his mother was Encik Wan Ngah of the Bendahara family. He was privately educated as was the custom of the nobility then. In 1832, he was proclaimed as Bendahara Muda (Bendahara in waiting) in a ceremony in Lingga, then capital of the Johor Sultanate. He had three wives: Tengku Kechik, daughter of Sultan Abdul Rahman Muazzam Shah I of Johor ; Tengku Chik, daughter of Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II of Kedah ; and Tengku Chik, daughter of Sultan Muhammad of Johor.
Bendaharaship and civil war
Tun Ali entered into a semi-retirement in 1847 and handed the reins to Tun Mutahir. During the period when the latter followed the policy of Tun Ali, not much is written about his reign. In 1857 Tun Ali ordered the execution of Tun Ahmad, his son by another wife, Chik Puan Lingga, whom he married in 1832.
Tun Ahmad immediately fled to UK-held Singapore, and returned to Pahang when Tun Ali died. Conflict broke out between Ahmad and Tun Mutahir, which became a civil war that engulfed Pahang. This conflict not only involved the Pahang princes but also the Temenggung and the Terengganu Sultan of Johor; while the British played a political role. The war was the most decisive in the history of the Johor Sultanate. The conflict ended when Tun Mutahir was mortally wounded in 1863.
Aftermath of civil war
Tun Mutahir was buried in Bukit Timbalan, Johor Bahru, Johor. Tun Ahmad had no interest of continuing as the Bendahara of Johor. He was proclaimed as Sultan Ahmad I in 1882 and founded the modern Pahang Sultanate, which sealed the breakup of the Johor Sultanate. The Maharajah of Johor Abu Bakar was given recognition by the British and proclaimed the Sultan of Johor three years later.
Notes
References
(Tun) Suzana (Tun) Othman, Institusi Bendahara: Permata Melayu yang Hilang: Dinasti Bendahara Johor-Pahang, Pustaka BSM Enterprise, 2002,
(Tun) Suzana (Tun) Othman, Mencari Sejarah: Tun Mutahir Tun Ali, Bendahara Seri Maharaja Pahang, 1857-63, 2001,
(Tun) Suzana (Tun) Othman, Perang Bendahara Pahang, 1857-63: pensejarahan semula menelusi peranan British, 2007,
Sultans of Pahang
1813 births
1863 deaths
19th-century monarchs in Asia
House of Bendahara of Johor