Mangifera

Mangifera is a genus of flowering plants in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae. It contains about 69 species, with the best-known being the common mango (Mangifera indica). The center of diversity of the genus is in the Malesian ecoregion of Southeast Asia, particularly in Sumatra, Borneo, and the Malay peninsula. They are generally canopy trees in lowland rainforests, reaching a height of .
Uses
Mangifera species are widely cultivated in Asia and elsewhere. More than 27 species in the genus bear edible, fleshy fruits, especially the common mango (M. indica). Others, such as M. foetida, yield astringent fruits that can be eaten pickled.
Mango wastes, such as the seed kernel and peel, have high functional and nutritional potential. Mango seed contains important bioactive compounds that have high antioxidant activity, lipids that have acceptable physical and chemical characteristics (free of trans fatty acids), and a somewhat high (about 6%) protein content. The mango peel contains considerable amounts of antioxidants and dietary fiber.
Fossil record
The earliest fossil species thought to be related to Mangifera is Eomangiferophyllum damalgiriense from the upper Paleocene of northeastern India. Leaves have also been reported from the Paleocene of Japan and the Eocene of Germany, though these have been considered questionable. Leaf fossils confidently assignable to Mangifera have been collected from Oligocene or early Miocene sediments in northern Thailand.
Taxonomy
Subgenera
Subgenus Mangifera
Section Marchandora Pierre
Section Euantherae Pierre
Section Rawa Kosterm.
Section Mangifera Kosterm.
Subgenus Limus (Marchand) Kosterm.
Species
These species names have been included:
Mangifera acutigemma Kosterm.; Unresolved
Mangifera altissima Blanco; Unresolved
Mangifera amba Forssk.; Unresolved
Mangifera andamanica King; Unresolved
Mangifera anisodora Blanco; UnresolvedMangifera applanata Kosterm.; Unresolved
Mangifera austro-indica Kosterm.; Unresolved
Mangifera blommesteinii Kosterm.; Unresolved
Mangifera bullata Kosterm. Unresolved
Mangifera caesia Jack Accepted
Mangifera campnospermoides Kosterm. unresolved
Mangifera camptosperma Pierre Unresolved
Mangifera casturi Kosterm.; Accepted
Mangifera cochinchinensis Engl. Accepted (Indo-China)
Mangifera collina Kosterm. Unresolved
Mangifera decandra Ding Hou; Unresolved
Mangifera dewildei Kosterm. unresolved
Mangifera dongnaiensis Pierre Accepted (Vietnam)
Mangifera flava Evrard Accepted (Indo-China)
Mangifera foetida Lour. Accepted
Mangifera gedebi Miq. unresolved
Mangifera gracilipes Hook.f. Unresolved
Mangifera griffithii Hook.f. Unresolved
Mangifera indica L. Accepted: the common mango (type sp.) (synonym M. austroyunnanensis Hu)
Mangifera kemanga Blume Unresolved
Mangifera lalijiwa Kosterm. Unresolved
Mangifera laurina Blume Accepted
Mangifera linearifolia (Mukh.) Kosterm. Accepted
Mangifera macrocarpa Blume Unresolved
Mangifera magnifica Kochummen Unresolved
Mangifera merrllii Mukherji Unresolved
Mangifera minutifolia Evrard Accepted (Vietnam)
Mangifera monandra Merr. Unresolved
Mangifera nicobarica Kosterm. Unresolved
Mangifera odorata Griff. Accepted
Mangifera orophila Kosterm. Unresolved
Mangifera pajang Kosterm. Unresolved
Mangifera paludosa Kosterm. Unresolved
Mangifera parvifolia Boerl. & Koord. Unresolved
Mangifera pedicellata Kosterm. Unresolved
Mangifera pentandra Hook.f. Unresolved
Mangifera persiciformis C.Y. Wu & T.L. Ming; Accepted (synonyms: M. persiciforma C.Y. Wu & T.L. Ming, Mangifera hiemalis J.Y. Liang )
Mangifera pseudoindica Kosterm. Unresolved
Mangifera quadrifida Jack ex Wall. unresolved
Mangifera reba Pierre. Accepted
Mangifera rubropetala Kosterm. Accepted
Mangifera rufocostata Kosterm. Unresolved
Mangifera siamensis Warb. ex W. G. Craib Accepted
Mangifera similis Blume Unresolved
Mangifera sumbawaensis Kosterm. Unresolved
Mangifera superba Hook.f. Unresolved
Mangifera swintonioides Kosterm. Accepted (Malesia)
Mangifera sylvatica Roxb. Accepted
Mangifera taipa Buch.-Ham. Unresolved
Mangifera torquenda Kosterm. Unresolved
Mangifera transversalis Kosterm. Unresolved
Mangifera zeylanica (Blume) Hook.f. Unresolved
Formerly placed here
Bouea oppositifolia (Roxb.) Meisn. (as M. oppositifolia Roxb.)
Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) M.R.Almeida (as M. axillaris Desr.)
Elaeodendron glaucum (Rottb.) Pers. (as M. glauca Rottb.)
Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O'Rorke) Baill. (as M. gabonensis Aubry-Lecomte ex O'Rorke)
Fegimanra africana (Oliv.) Pierre. (as M. africana Oliv.)
Spondias pinnata (J.Koenig ex L.f.) Kurz (as M. pinnata J.Koenig ex L.f.)
References
Anacardiaceae genera