PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
Hugh Nelson (Canadian politician)

Hugh Nelson (Canadian politician)
Hugh Nelson (May 25, 1830 – March 3, 1893) was a Canadian parliamentarian and the fourth Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia.
Born in his father's residence, Shore Cottage in Magheramorne, Larne, County Antrim, Ireland, the son of Robert Nelson, Esq. and Frances Quinn, he emigrated to California in 1854. He arrived in British Columbia in 1858, but unlike the horde of others who arrived in that year he had not come in pursuit of gold but to participate in the building of the colony as an English dominion. Eschewing the goldfields themselves, he founded the B.C. & Victoria Express Company, which had the dominant share of the freight and travel market between Victoria and New Westminster and Yale, with partner George Dietz, and also the lumbering firm Moody, Dietz and Nelson, the third partner of which was Sewell Moody, which was the operating name of Moodyville Sawmill Co. in what is now North Vancouver. The freighting firm was sold off early on to Frank Barnard Sr., whose B.C. Express Company then became the leading firm for shipments and travel to and from the Cariboo region
Although active in politics, he did not stand for office to the Legislative Council until 1870 (for the colonial riding of New Westminster), by which time he had become one of the principal promoters of British Columbia's merger with the Confederation of Canada. He was a member of the Yale Convention, which ushered in BC's union with Canada, and was on the committee of that body charged with seeing the agreement come into effect. He was a member of the colonial Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, and in 1871 was one of the first Members of Parliament from British Columbia to the House of Commons, representing
New Westminster District.
A Liberal-Conservative, he was re-elected in 1872. He did not run in 1874. In 1879, he was appointed to the Senate of Canada representing the senatorial division of Barkerville, British Columbia. He withdrew from business in 1882, and in February 1887, married Emily Stanton, daughter of J.B. Stanton, Esq., of the Canadian civil service. He and resigned his senate seat in 1887, when he was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia. In 1892, he resigned as Lieutenant-Governor and returned to England where he died the following March of Bright's disease.
Family
Hon Hugh Nelson, then a Senator married September 17, 1885 Emily Stanton, daughter of Isaac Brock Stanton and his wife, Maria Wilson. Emily was born and educated in Canada. The couple lived at 354 Cooper Street, Ottawa and Government House, Victoria during Hugh Nelson`s terms of office. He died in London, England on March 3, 1893.
References
External links
1830 births
1893 deaths
Canadian senators from British Columbia
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) senators
Lieutenant Governors of British Columbia
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from British Columbia
People from Larne
Politicians from County Antrim
Canadian people of Ulster-Scottish descent
Irish emigrants to pre-Confederation British Columbia
هنري تريسكا

هنري تريسكا
هنري إدوارد تريسكا (12 أكتوبر 1814 - 21 يونيو 1885) كان مهندسًا ميكانيكيًا فرنسيًا وأستاذًا في المعهد الوطني للفنون والحرف في باريس.
المراجع
أشخاص من دونكيرك
أعضاء الأكاديمية الفرنسية للعلوم
علماء نقشت أسماؤهم على برج إيفل
علماء ومهندسو المواد
مهندسون فرنسيون
Rosenmund reduction

Rosenmund reduction
The Rosenmund reduction is a hydrogenation process in which an acyl chloride is selectively reduced to an aldehyde. The reaction was named after Karl Wilhelm Rosenmund, who first reported it in 1918.
The reaction, a hydrogenolysis, is catalysed by palladium on barium sulfate, which is sometimes called the Rosenmund catalyst. Barium sulfate has a low surface area which reduces the activity of the palladium, preventing over-reduction. However, for certain reactive acyl chlorides the activity must be reduced further, by the addition of a poison. Originally this was thioquinanthrene although thiourea has also been used. Deactivation is required because the system must reduce the acyl chloride but not the subsequent aldehyde. If further reduction does take place, it will create a primary alcohol which would then react with the remaining acyl chloride to form an ester.
Rosenmund catalyst can be prepared by reduction of palladium(II) chloride solution in the presence of BaSO4. Typical reducing agent is formaldehyde.
While Rosenmund reduction method can be used to prepare several aldehydes, formaldehyde cannot be prepared, as formyl chloride is unstable at room temperatures.
See also
Lindlar catalyst - Palladium on calcium carbonate with added catalytic poison, similar to the Rosenmund catalyst
Grundmann aldehyde synthesis - Also reduces an acyl halide to an aldehyde, via the use of diazomethane
Diisobutylaluminium hydride (DIBALH) can also reduce acid chlorides to aldehydes.
Stephen aldehyde synthesis - Nitriles to aldehydes via reduction
References
Further reading
Organic redox reactions
Name reactions
هربرت تشارلز براون

هربرت تشارلز براون هو موظف مدني أسترالي، ولد في 1874، وتوفي في 1940.
مراجع
مواليد 1874
وفيات 1940
Mohammad Hasanlu

Mohammad Hasanlu (also Romanized as Moḩammad Ḩasanlū; also known as Moḩammad Ḩasanī) is a village in Mulan Rural District, in the Central District of Kaleybar County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 120, in 23 families.
References
Populated places in Kaleybar County
Jackie Rice

Jackie Rice
{{family name hatnote|Rice (American patronymic surname), and her middle name is Sobreo (Philippine matronymic surname)}}
Jacqueline Sobreo Rice (born April 27, 1990) is a Filipino-American singer, songwriter, model, and former actress.
Career and personal life
Born to an American father and a Filipino mother, she grew up in Olongapo City, Zambales. She was a student at St. Anne Academy in Olongapo City when she entered showbusiness through GMA Network's reality search contest StarStruck, where she became the Ultimate Female Survivor in the show's third season. After StarStruck, she appeared in Love to Love and Fantastikids and then later starred in Fantastic Man. She later joined Dyesebel and then Ang Babaeng Hinugot sa Aking Tadyang. After that, she played Mercedita in Kung Aagawin Mo ang Lahat sa Akin.
She currently lives in Quezon City and is a contract artist of GMA Artist Center. She appeared as the cover girl of Maxim for the month of July 2009. As of late 2009, she played as one of the villains in Darna. In early 2010, she was also included in the fantaserye Panday Kids. She was then cast into lead roles via Dear Friend Presents: Tisay and Ilumina where she played a black sorcerer possessed by a demon.
In 2017, she joined My Love from the Star wherein she replaces Bea Binene because Jennylyn Mercado's fans said the latter was too young for the role of Lucy.
In 2018, Jackie became famous again when she became the lead antagonist of Hindi Ko Kayang Iwan Ka as the insane Ava and also the heartless ex-girlfriend of Marco who died in the finale episode after attempting to kill Thea. She portrayed a character that is similar to Ryza Cenon's villain and femme fatale character in Ika-6 na Utos. Later in 2019, she was cast as the comical supporting villain in TODA One I Love as Tiffy who will become the rival of Jelay. Jackie Rice's antagonist role in that series is far from her previous character as she said, "Her Ava character in Hindi Ko Kayang Iwan Ka was very dark and cold-blooded murderer while in TODA One I Love'' is flirtatious and comical."
Filmography
Television drama
Drama anthology
Other shows
Movies
References
External links
Jackie Rice on iGMA.tv
Jackie Rice on Instagram
1990 births
Living people
21st-century Filipino actresses
Filipino child actresses
Filipino film actresses
Filipino people of American descent
Filipino television actresses
Tagalog people
Actresses from Bataan
People from Olongapo
Participants in Philippine reality television series
StarStruck (Philippine TV series) participants
StarStruck (Philippine TV series) winners
GMA Network personalities
American actresses of Filipino descent
Filipino female models
American female models
21st-century American actresses
Filipino emigrants to the United States
Actresses from Zambales
سايدشو بوب

سايدشو بوب
روبرت أندردنك تيرويلجر (المشهور باسم سايدشو بوب)، هي شخصية كرتونية من مسلسل عائلة سيمبسون. يؤدي صوته الممثل الأمريكي كيلسي جرامر، أول ظهور للشخصية كان في حلقة "The Telltale Head".
مراجع
اضطراب الشخصية المعادية للمجتمع في الخيال
أصحاب أعمال خياليون
إرهابيون خياليون
شخصيات تلفزيون خياليون
شخصيات تلفزيونية ظهرت في 1990
شخصيات خيالية ظهرت في 1990
شخصيات ذكور أمريكيون في التلفاز
شخصيات ذكور في التلفاز
شخصيات ذكور في الرسوم المتحركة
شخصيات ذكور في مسلسل رسوم متحركة
عمد خياليون
قتلة خياليون
قتلة متسلسلون خياليون
مجرمون خياليون
مجرمون خياليون في تلفزيوني
مزاحون خياليون
منفذو اغتيالات خياليون
مهرجون خياليون
ZEEP

ZEEP
The ZEEP (Zero Energy Experimental Pile) reactor was a nuclear reactor built at the Chalk River Laboratories near Chalk River, Ontario, Canada (which superseded the Montreal Laboratory for nuclear research in Canada). ZEEP first went critical at 15:45 on September 5, 1945. ZEEP was the first operational nuclear reactor outside the United States.
The reactor was designed by Canadian, British and French scientists as a part of an effort to produce plutonium for nuclear weapons during World War II. It was developed while the Montreal Laboratory and Chalk River Laboratories research facility were under the supervision of the National Research Council of Canada (NRC). ZEEP was instrumental in the development of the NRX and NRU reactors, which led to the development of the successful CANDU reactor. ZEEP was used to test reactivity effects and other physics parameters needed for reactor development at Chalk River Laboratories, including fuel lattices for the NRU reactor situated next door.
ZEEP was one of the world's first heavy water reactors, and it was also designed to use natural (unenriched) uranium; a feature carried through to the CANDU design. Uranium enrichment is a complex and expensive process; thus, the ability to use unenriched uranium gave ZEEP and its descendants a number of distinct advantages.
ZEEP continued to be used for basic research until 1970. It was decommissioned in 1973 and dismantled in 1997. In 1966 ZEEP was designated a historic site by Ontario, and commemorated with a historic plaque. Both this plaque and ZEEP itself are now on display at the Canada Science and Technology Museum in Ottawa, Canada.
See also
Science and technology in Canada
CANDU reactor
Heavy water reactor
AECL
List of nuclear reactors
References
External links
NRC Archives Photographs - Physics- Atomic Energy Project collection
Atomic Energy of Canada Limited
ZEEP: The Little Reactor that Could (1995)
AECL Public Affairs brochure on ZEEP (1992)
The Canadian Nuclear FAQ
The Society for the Preservation of Canada's Nuclear Heritage, Inc.
Atomic Energy of Canada Limited
Nuclear research reactors
Defunct nuclear reactors
عقد 630 هـ

عقد 630 هـ هو الفترة بين عام 630 إلى 639 في التقويم الهجري، أي العشر سنوات الرابع من القرن السابع الهجري.
مراجع
توم دريك (توضيح)

توم دريك (توضيح)
قد يقصد من «توم دريك» :
Chan Ming Tai

Chan Ming Tai (Chinese: 陳銘泰 born 30 January 1995), also known as Theophilius Chan, is an athlete from Hong Kong specialising in the long jump. He is coached by Ms Chan Wai Yin and Dr Anthony Giorgi. At the 2015 Summer Universiade he finished 4th with a jump of 7.89m (0.9). At the 2016 Asian Indoor Championships in Doha he won the bronze medal with a jump of 7.85m. At the 2017 Asian Championships in Bhubaneswar he won the silver medal with a jump of 8.03m.
His personal best in the event is 8.12m set at the Hong Kong Championships 2016. This is the current national record.
Competition record
References
3. Media extracts and Competition Profiles 2013-2016
1995 births
Living people
Hong Kong male long jumpers
Athletes (track and field) at the 2014 Asian Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2018 Asian Games
Alumni of the University of Hong Kong
Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Hong Kong
Asian Games competitors for Hong Kong
Competitors at the 2017 Summer Universiade
Competitors at the 2019 Summer Universiade
تفميم المعدة والاثناعشر

تفميم المعدة والاثناعشر أو المفاغرة المعدية الاثناعشرية هي إجراء جراحي ينشئ فيها الطبيب اتصالا جديدا بين المعدة والاثنا عشر. يمكن عمل هذا الإجراء في حالات سرطان المعدة أو في حالة قصور الصمام البوابي.
مراجع
جراحة الجهاز الهضمي
Lathyrus cicera

Lathyrus cicera is a species of wild pea known by the common names red pea, red vetchling and flatpod peavine. It is native to Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East, and it is known from other places as an introduced species. This is a hairless annual herb producing a slightly winged stem. The leaves are each made up of two leaflike linear leaflets long. They also bear branched, curling tendrils. The inflorescence holds a single pea flower wide which is a varying shade of red. The fruit is a hairless dehiscent legume pod.
This is one pea species known to cause lathyrism; nevertheless, as cicerchia it figured among the comestibles enjoyed by the fortunate Milanese, listed at length by Bonvesin de la Riva in his "Marvels of Milan" (1288).
References
External links
Jepson Manual Treatment
Photo gallery
cicera
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Flora of Europe
Flora of North Africa
سد دويرة

سد دويرة
سد الدويرة أو بحيرة الدويرة هو سد مائي يقع على بُعد إلى الجنوب الشرقي من قصبة الجزائر في بلدية دويرة بولاية الجزائر. شيد ما بين 25 أكتوبر 2005م و12 نوفمبر 2013م، ويستعمل أساسا في توفير ماء الشرب وماء الري.
الموقع
يقع سد دويرة متوسطا ثلاث بلديات في ولاية الجزائر هي دويرة والمحالمة وتسالة المرجة.
الخصائص
مصدر المياه
يتم تموين سد دويرة بواسطة المياه المسترجعة من وادي الحراش.
وتصل كمية هذه المياه إلى أكثر من 70 مليون متر مكعب، تحول من وادي الحراش نحو سد دويرة انطلاقا من ولاية البليدة، ممتدة على مسافة تتجاوز ، لتساهم محطة الضخ التي تبلغ طاقتها 8 أمتار مكعبة في الثانية.
ويمون السد كذلك بفضل تحويل جزء من مياه وادي حمام ملوان ووادي مزفران القريب جدا من الموقع.
وقد تم تشغيل القناة الممونة من وادي حمام ملوان نحو سد دويرة بتاريخ 29 نوفمبر 2014م.
أما بالنسبة للقناة الممونة من وادي مزفران نحو سد دويرة، فهي مبرمجة للاستلام في خلال العام 2018م.
الأهداف
يسمح المسطح المائي المتمثل في سد دويرة بتحقيق أربعة أهداف هي:
تخزين الماء بغرض الري.
التموين بالماء الشروب.
إعادة تموين الطبقة الجوفية لمتيجة.
نشاطات التسلية.
الاستعمال
تسمح مياه سد دويرة بسقي مئات الهكتارات من الأراضي الزراعية الموجود في متيجة، مع توجيه كمية من المياه للشرب.
وتبلغ المساحة المسقية في سهل متيجة، منها في ولاية البليدة، و المتبقية في غرب ولاية الجزائر.
ويستفيد الفلاحون والمزارعون في الناحية الغربية من ولاية الجزائر، بالإضافة إلى نظرائهم في ولاية البليدة، من مياه السقي التي يوفرها هذا السد.
ويتم الري الزراعي بواسطة شبكة قنوات تمون المستثمرات الفلاحية في سهل متيجة، بالإضافة إلى شبكات صغيرة للصرف داخل هذه المزارع.
المرافق
تتضمن البطاقة التقنية لمشروع سد دويرة إنجاز مسابح على حواف الخزان الذي سيكون في الحقيقة بحيرة واسعة وسط أراض فلاحية شاسعة قرب مدينة الجزائر العاصمة.
كما يتوفر هذا المشروع على عمليات تهيئة حول السد موجهة لاحتضان مناطق للترفيه والتسلية.
ويجد هواة الرياضات الشراعية ومحبو الرياضات المائية فضاء للمارسة نشاطهم في هذا السد الذي تشرف عليه الوكالة الوطنية للسدود ووزارة الموارد المائية الجزائرية.
التشجير
تم إطلاق حملة تشجير حول السد المائي لدويرة خلال العام 2016م، عبر غرس الأشجار في إطار اليوم العالمي للغابات.
وسمحت عملية التشجير بغرس الآلاف من الشجيرات حول المسطح المائي.
مكتبة الصور
المراجع
انظر أيضًا
مواضيع ذات صلة
فيديوهات
وصلات خارجية
وزارة الموارد المائية الجزائرية
السياحة في الجزائر
سدود الجزائر
سدود ردمية
ولاية الجزائر
William Ganz

William Ganz (January 7, 1919 - November 11, 2009) was a Slovakia-born American cardiologist who co-invented the pulmonary artery catheter, often referred to as the Swan-Ganz catheter, with Jeremy Swan in 1970. The catheter is used to monitor heart conditions, especially in intensive care units. Ganz was also one of the first cardiologists to use enzymes to open clogged arteries, which can lead to heart attacks.
Ganz was born in Kosice, Czechoslovakia, located in modern-day Slovakia, in 1919. He enrolled at the Charles University School of Medicine in Prague, Czechoslovakia, in 1938. The school was closed in 1940 following the start of Nazi Germany's occupation Czechoslovakia. Ganz, who was Jewish, was sent to a Nazi labor camp in Hungary during World War II. He was scheduled to be sent to Auschwitz in 1944, but escaped and went into hiding. After World War II, Ganz graduated from Charles University in 1947 at the top of his class.
Ganz worked in Czechoslovakia, which was under Communist rule at the time. In 1966, Ganz was permitted to take his wife, Magda, and the couple's two sons on a vacation to Italy. Instead, the family went to Vienna, Austria, where they applied for a visa to the United States. He had relatives in Los Angeles, which allowed the family to move to the United States. Ganz gained a position at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, where he remained for the rest of his career.
Ganz and Dr. Jeremy Swan first developed the idea for the pulmonary artery catheter in 1970. A balloon is placed at the end of a flexible catheter, which is inserted into the pulmonary artery. Additionally, Ganz had a role in the development of thrombolysis, in which enzymes break down blood clots.
Ganz died of natural causes on November 11, 2009, at the age of 90. He was survived by his sons, Dr. Peter Ganz, a cardiologist at UCSF, and Dr. Tomas Ganz, a pulmonologist at UCLA. His wife, Magda Ganz, died in 2005.
References
1919 births
2009 deaths
American cardiologists
Czechoslovak emigrants to the United States
Charles University alumni
People from Košice
Edward Avery (judge)

Edward Avery (judge)
Edward Avery (February 20, 1790 – June 27, 1866) was a lawyer from Wooster, Ohio, United States, who was an Ohio State Senator and served on the Ohio Supreme Court from 1847 to 1851. He later helped found the College of Wooster and the Wooster Cemetery.
Biography
Edward Avery was born February 20, 1790, in Stamford, Connecticut. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in 1810 from Yale University. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in Connecticut in 1813. He traveled to Europe in 1816. In 1817, he became the second lawyer to locate in Wooster, Ohio.
In 1819, Avery was appointed prosecuting attorney of Wayne County, Ohio, and served until 1825. He was elected to the Ohio State Senate in 1824 and served one two-year term. His re-election in 1826 was contested in the Senate, and his seat given to his opponent.
After he complete his service in the Senate, Avery returned to his practice in Wooster. In 1832 he was one of four trustees of the town, and was a school examiner. He also mentored law students.
On January 15, 1847, the Ohio General Assembly elected Avery to a seat on the Ohio Supreme Court to a seven-year term that began February 6, 1847. The judges traveled to each county in the state in those days. The job was arduous, and Avery's health gave out. He submitted his resignation March 1, 1851, and was replaced by the legislature on March 17, 1851.
After returning to Wooster, Avery retired from law practice. He helped establish the College of Wooster and was generous in giving to it. He guarantee the notes to establish the non-denominational Wooster Cemetery. He was an elder in the Presbyterian church.
Avery married Jane Galbreath of Steubenville, Ohio November 25, 1823 or December 28, 1823. She died in 1824, and Avery married Gennette Marie Sherwood on February 3, 1834. Gennette had no children.
Avery died June 27, 1866, at Wooster. He was buried at Wooster Cemetery next to his two wives and daughter.
References
1790 births
1866 deaths
County district attorneys in Ohio
Ohio Whigs
19th-century American politicians
Ohio state senators
Justices of the Ohio Supreme Court
Politicians from Stamford, Connecticut
People from Wooster, Ohio
Yale University alumni
19th-century American judges
(17006) 1999 CH63

(17006) 1999 CH63
1999 سي إتش 63 (ويعرف أيضًا باسم (17006) 1999 سي إتش 63 وفق تسمية الكوكب الصغير) ؛ هو كويكب ضمن حزام الكويكبات.
اكتُشف هذا الجُرم الفلكي بواسطة بحث لنكولن عن الكويكبات القريبة من الأرض في 12 فبراير 1999، وترتيبه 17006 من حيث الاكتشاف.
الوصف
اكتُشف في 12 فبراير 1999 في مرصد ماغدالينا ريدج، الواقع في مقاطعة سوكورو، نيومكسيكو في الولايات المتحدة، بواسطة مشروع بحث لنكولن عن الكويكبات القريبة من الأرض . وقد رصد المشروع 2,566 مشاهدة للكويكب إلى غاية 5 فبراير 2022 بتوقيت منطقة المحيط الهادئ، أي في مدة قدرها 26,109 يومًا (71.5 عام). تستغرق الفترة المدارية للكويكب 1,520 يومًا (4.2 عام).
الخصائص المدارية
يتميز مدار هذا الكويكب بنصف محور رئيسي يبلغ 2.59 وحدة فلكية، وحضيض قدره 2.11 وحدة فلكية، وانحراف قدره 0.187 وزاوية ميلان 12.9 درجة بالنسبة لمسار الشمس. بسبب هذه الخصائص، أي نصف المحور الرئيسي بين 2 و3.2 وحدة فلكية وحضيض أكبر من 1,666 وحدة فلكية، يُصنف هذا الجُرم الفلكي وفقًا لقاعدة بيانات مختبر الدفع النفاث لأجرام النظام الشمسي الصغيرة كائنًا من حزام الكويكبات الرئيسي.
انظر أيضًا
قائمة الكواكب الصغيرة
المراجع
وصلات خارجية
أجرام فلكية اكتشفت في 1999
اكتشافات بحث لينكون للكويكبات القريبة من الأرض
حزام الكويكبات
كواكب صغيرة مسماة
Leni Alexander

Leni Alexander (8 June 1924 – 7 August 2005) was a German-Chilean composer.
Biography
Helene Alexander Pollak was born in Breslau, in Lower Silesia (now Wrocław, Poland), and her family lived in Hamburg and then emigrated to Chile in 1939 to escape the Nazis. She studied piano under the Montessori system of music and received a diploma in 1942 for teaching and worked with youth and disabled children while developing an interest in composition. Between 1949 and 1953, she studied with Fré Focke, Rene Leibowitz, and Olivier Messiaen. In Europe she became a friend of Bruno Maderna and Pierre Boulez. Between 1963 and 1968, she also studied electronic music and wrote a number of electronic pieces. She received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1969 and lived for several years in Paris and Cologne.
Besides new music classical compositions and musical theater, Alexander was active in composition for television soundtracks and composed for soap opera. In her later years, she composed several "hörspiel" pieces, or "plays for listening", several of them for the WDR Radio of Cologne.
She married in Chile and had two sons and a daughter. On August the 7th, 2005, Alexander died in Santiago.
Works
Alexander's compositions were mainly instrumental and were performed by orchestras in countries including Chile, Italy, France and the United States.
Selected works include:
String Quartet (1957)
Cantata of death in the morning (1960)
Aulicio
Aulicio II
Méralo for guitar (1972) (dedicated and premiered by Leo Brouwer)
Ellos se perdieron en el espacio estrellado for orchestra (1975)
Chacabuco: Ciudades fantasmas, hörspiel (1994)
Cuando aún no conocía tu nombre (1996)
Discography
Jezira Santiago de Chile: Proyecto FONDART 2000.
Homenaje Santiago de Chile: Proyecto FONDART 2009.
References
External links
List of works
1924 births
2005 deaths
20th-century classical composers
Chilean classical composers
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to Chile
Chilean women classical composers
German classical composers
German women classical composers
Jewish classical composers
Twelve-tone and serial composers
People from the Province of Lower Silesia
Silesian Jews
20th-century women composers