Neritidae

Neritidae, common name the nerites, is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized saltwater and freshwater snails which have a gill and a distinctive operculum.
The family Neritidae includes marine genera such as Nerita, marine and freshwater genera such as Neritina, and freshwater and brackish water genera such as Theodoxus.
The common name "nerite" as well as the family name Neritidae and the genus name Nerita, are derived from the name of Nerites, who was a sea god in Greek mythology.
Distribution
Neritidae live primarily in the southern hemisphere, but there are some exceptions, such as a genus Theodoxus which can be found in Europe and Northern Africa or Bathynerita naticoidea.
Taxonomy
This family consists of the five following subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005):
Neritinae Rafinesque, 1815 - synonyms: Neritellinae Gray, 1847; Proto neritidae Kittl, 1899
† Neritariinae Wenz, 1938
Neritininae Poey, 1852
tribe Neritinini Poey, 1852 - synonyms: Catilinae Gray, 1868; Orthopomatini Gray, 1868; Stenopomatini Gray, 1868; Septariini Jousseaume, 1894
tribe Theodoxini Bandel, 2001
Smaragdiinae H. B. Baker, 1923
† Velatinae Bandel, 2001
Genera
Genera, subgenera and species within the family Neritidae include:
† Bajanerita Squires, 1993
† Calyptronerita Le Renard, 1980
† Cuisenerita Symonds & Pacaud, 2010
† Mesoneritina Yen, 1946
† Monsneritina Kowalke, 2002
Subfamily Neritinae
Genus Bathynerita Clarke, 1989
Genus Mienerita Dekker, 2000
Genus Nerita Linnaeus, 1758 - type genus, synonyms: Turrita Wagner, 1897
Subgenus Adenerita
Subgenus Amphinerita
Subgenus Cymostyla
Subgenus Heminerita
Subgenus Ilynerita
Subgenus Linnerita
Subgenus Melanerita Martens, 1889
Species Nerita atramentosa Reeve, 1855
Species Nerita melanotragus Smith, E. A., 1884
Subgenus Nerita
Subgenus Ritena
Subgenus Theliostyla
Subfamily † Neritariinae
† Neritaria Koken, 1892
Subfamily Neritininae
Clithon Montfort, 1810
Clypeolum Récluz, 1842
Fluvinerita Pilsbry, 1932
Fluvinerita tenebricosa
† Manana Gabuniya, 1949
† Mananopsis Gabuniya, 1949
Nereina de Cristofori & Jan, 1832
Neripteron Lesson, 1831
Neripteron vespertinum (Sowerby II, 1849)
Neritina Rafinesque, 1815
Subgenus Dostia
† Neritinopsis Gabuniya, 1953
Neritodryas Martens, 1869
Neritona Martens, 1869
† Neritoplica Oppenheim, 1892
Puperita Gray, 1857
Septaria Férussac, 1807
Theodoxus Montfort, 1810
† Velatella Meek, 1873
Vitta Mörch, 1852
Vittina H. B. Baker, 1923
Subfamily Smaragdiinae
Genus Gaillardotia Bourguignat, 1877
Genus Magadis Melvill & Standen, 1899
Genus Smaragdella Baker, 1923
Genus Smaragdia Issel, 1869
Genus Smaragoista
Subfamily † Velatinae
† Velates Montfort, 1810
Synonyms
† Agapilia Harzhauser & Kowalke, 2001 : synonym of Vitta Mörch, 1852
Navicella Lamarck, 1816: synonym of Septaria Férussac, 1807 (junior synonym)
† Ninniopsis Tomlin, 1930: synonym of † Theodoxus (Ninniopsis) Tomlin, 1930 represented as Theodoxus Montfort, 1810 (original rank)
Orthopoma Gray, 1868: synonym of Septaria Férussac, 1807
Orthopomatini Gray, 1868: synonym of Neritininae Poey, 1852
Paranerita Bourne, 1908: synonym of Vittina H. B. Baker, 1923 (Invalid: junior homonym of Paranerita Hampson, 1901 [Lepidoptera])
Pseudonerita H. B. Baker, 1923: synonym of Neripteron (Pseudonerita) H. B. Baker, 1923 represented as Neripteron Lesson, 1831
Serenia Benson, 1856: synonym of Neritona Martens, 1869 (unavailable name: established in synonymy)
Tanalia Gray, 1847: synonym of Neritona Martens, 1869
Theodoxia Bourguignat, 1877: synonym of Theodoxus Montfort, 1810 (Invalid: unjustified emendation of Theodoxus)
Theodoxis Montfort, 1810: synonym of Theodoxus Montfort, 1810 (alternative original spelling, not in use)
References
Starobogatov, Y. I. (1970). Fauna Molliuskov i Zoogeograficheskoe Raionirovanie Kontinental'nykh Vodoemov Zemnogo Shara [The Molluscan Fauna and Zoogeographical Zoning of the Continental Water Bodies of the World]. Nauka. Leningrad. 372 p., 12 tables
External links
Gray, J. E. (1868). Notes on Catillus, Humphrey, or Navicella, Lamarck, with descriptions of two new genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1867: 993-1000
Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.-P. (2005). Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia. 47 (1-2): 1-397
Bourne G. C. (1908). "Contributions to the morphology of the group Neritacea of aspidobranch gastropods. I. The Neritidae." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1908: 810-887.
Miocene Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California; United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642
Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque