ذحيحة

ذحيحة
ذُحَيْحَة ، جنس حشرات خنفسية من فصيلة النافطيات. تم وصف الجنس لأول مرة علميًا في عام 1834 بواسطة Pierre François Marie Auguste Dejean. تنتشر انواعه في جميع أنحاء العالم تقريبًا، توجد الأنواع الأصلية في جميع القارات باستثناء أستراليا. وَجَدت دراسة أجريت على الجنس أن له تنوع بشكل خاص في شمال ولاية أريزونا في الولايات المتحدة. وتوجد بعض الأنواع في القطب الشمالي، مع عدم وجودها أبعد عن شمال الإقليم الشمالي الغربي الجنوبي لكندا.
تتغذى الخنافس البالغة منها على النبات أم يرقاتها تفترس بيض الجنادب.
هو واحد من أكبر أجناس النافطيات، مع حوالي 360 نوعًا موصوفًا اعتبارًا من عام 2011.
الأنواع
Epicauta abadona Skinner, 1904
Epicauta abeona Pinto, 1980
Epicauta adspersa (Klug, 1825)
Epicauta aemula (Fischer, 1827)
Epicauta aethiops (Latreille, 1827)
Epicauta afoveata Werner, 1949
Epicauta alastor Skinner, 1904
Epicauta albicincta (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta albida (Say, 1824)
Epicauta albida (Say, 1824)
Epicauta albolineata (Dugès, 1877)
Epicauta albomarginata Mäklin, 1875
Epicauta albovittata Gestro, 1878
Epicauta alphonsii Horn, 1874
Epicauta alpina Werner, 1944
Epicauta ambusta (Pallas, 1781)
Epicauta andersoni Werner, 1944
Epicauta annulicornis Chevrolat, 1877
Epicauta anthracina (Erichson, 1848)
Epicauta apache Pinto, 1980
Epicauta apicalis Dugès, 1889
Epicauta apicipennis Tan, 1958
Epicauta aptera Kaszab, 1952
Epicauta apure Adams & Selander, 1979
Epicauta aragua Adams & Selander, 1979
Epicauta ardosia Fairmaire, 1896
Epicauta arizonica Werner, 1944
Epicauta aspera Werner, 1944
Epicauta assamensis (Waterhouse, 1871)
Epicauta assimilis (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta aterrima (Klug, 1825)
Epicauta atkinsoni Kraatz, 1880
Epicauta atomaria (Germar, 1821)
Epicauta atrata (Fabricius, 1775)
Epicauta atricolor Champion, 1892
Epicauta atripilis Champion, 1892
Epicauta atrivittata (LeConte, 1854)
Epicauta atropos Pinto, 1991
Epicauta audouini (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta auricomans Champion, 1892
Epicauta badeni (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta balli Werner, 1945
Epicauta basimacula (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta batesii Horn, 1875
Epicauta beccarii (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta beckeri (Dugès, 1889)
Epicauta bella Mäklin, 1875
Epicauta bifovieceps Fairmaire, 1897
Epicauta bimaculatithorax Pic, 1913
Epicauta bisignata Mäklin, 1875
Epicauta bispinosa Werner, 1949
Epicauta bohemani Mäklin, 1875
Epicauta borgmeieri Denier, 1935
Epicauta borrei Dugès, 1881
Epicauta bosqi Denier, 1935
Epicauta brasilera Selander, 1981
Epicauta brevipennis (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta brevitibialis Kaszab, 1952
Epicauta bruchi Borchmann, 1930
Epicauta brunnea Werner, 1944
Epicauta brunneipennis (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta callosa LeConte, 1866
Epicauta candidata Champion, 1892
Epicauta canescens (Klug, 1835)
Epicauta cardui (Dugès, 1869)
Epicauta carmelita (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta castadiva Pinto, 1991
Epicauta cavernosa Courbon, 1855
Epicauta caviceps Horn, 1873
Epicauta cazieri Dillon, 1952
Epicauta centenaria Breyer y Trant, 1910
Epicauta centralis Burmeister, 1881
Epicauta cervina Mäklin, 1875
Epicauta chalybea (Erichson, 1843)
Epicauta cheni Tan, 1958
Epicauta chinensis (Laporte, 1840)
Epicauta cicatrix Werner, 1951
Epicauta cinctipennis (Chevrolat, 1834)
Epicauta cinerea (Fabricius, 1798)
Epicauta cinerea Forster, 1771
Epicauta cinereiventris Champion, 1892
Epicauta cinerea (Forster, 1771)
Epicauta clericalis (Berg, 1881)
Epicauta cognata (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta compressicollis Champion, 1892
Epicauta conferta (Say, 1824)
Epicauta coromandelensis (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta corvina (LeConte, 1858)
Epicauta corybantica Pinto, 1991
Epicauta costata (LeConte, 1854)
Epicauta costipennis Borchmann, 1930
Epicauta courboni (Guérin-Ménéville, 1855)
Epicauta crassitarsis Maydell, 1935
Epicauta cribricollis Fairmaire, 1893
Epicauta croceicincta Dugès, 1881
Epicauta crucera Selander, 1981
Epicauta cryptogramaca Yang & Ren, 2006
Epicauta cupraeola (Dugès, 1869)
Epicauta curticollis Borchmann, 1930
Epicauta curvicornis (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta curvispina Kaszab, 1952
Epicauta cyclops Fairmaire, 1891
Epicauta dalihodi Dvorák, 1996
Epicauta delicata Mathieu, 1983
Epicauta desgodinsi Frivaldszky, 1892
Epicauta diana Pinto, 1991
Epicauta discolor (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta disparilis (Champion, 1892)
Epicauta distorta (Champion, 1892)
Epicauta diversicornis Haag-Rutenberg, 1880
Epicauta diversipubescens Maydell, 1934
Epicauta divisa (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta dohrni (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta dongolensis (Laporte de Castelnau in Brullé, 1840)
Epicauta dubia (Fabricius, 1781)
Epicauta dusaunlti (Dufour, 1821)
Epicauta elegantula Péringuey, 1909
Epicauta emarginata Champion, 1892
Epicauta emmerichi Pic, 1934
Epicauta ennsi Werner, 1957
Epicauta enona Péringuey, 1899
Epicauta ensiformis Werner, 1944
Epicauta erythraea Pic, 1911
Epicauta erythrocephala Pallas, 1776
Epicauta evanescens Champion, 1892
Epicauta excavata (Klug, 1825)
Epicauta excavatifrons Maydell, 1934
Epicauta excors (Fall, 1909)
Epicauta fabricii (LeConte, 1853)
Epicauta fallax Horn, 1885
Epicauta fasciceps Walker, 1871
Epicauta femoralis (Erichson, 1834)
Epicauta ferruginea Say, 1824
Epicauta fissilabris (LeConte in Agassiz, 1850)
Epicauta flabellicornis (Germar, 1817)
Epicauta flagellaria (Erichson, 1848)
Epicauta flavocinerea (Blatchley, 1910)
Epicauta flavogrisea (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta flobcina Pinto, 1991
Epicauta floridensis Werner, 1944
Epicauta floydwerneri Martínez, 1955
Epicauta forticornis Haag-Rutenberg, 1880
Epicauta fortis Werner, 1944
Epicauta franciscana Denier, 1935
Epicauta fuliginosa (Olivier, 1795)
Epicauta fulviceps Mäklin, 1875
Epicauta fulvipes (Klug, 1825)
Epicauta fumosa (Germar, 1824)
Epicauta fumosa Haag-Rutenberg, 1880
Epicauta funebris Horn, 1873
Epicauta funesta (Chevrolat, 1834)
Epicauta gissleri (Horn, 1878)
Epicauta gorhami (Marseul, 1873)
Epicauta grammica (Fischer, 1827)
Epicauta grandiceps (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta griseonigra Fairmaire, 1873
Epicauta griseovittata Haag-Rutenberg, 1880
Epicauta haagi F. Bates, 1875
Epicauta haematoccphala (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta haroldi (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta heterodera Horn, 1891
Epicauta hieroglyphica (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta himalayica Kaszab, 1960
Epicauta hirsutipubescens (Maydell, 1934)
Epicauta hirticornis (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta hirtipes (Waterhouse, 1871)
Epicauta horaki Dvorák, 1996
Epicauta horni Champion, 1892
Epicauta hubbelli Werner, 1973
Epicauta humeralis (Dugès, 1889)
Epicauta hydrocephala Fairmaire, 1893
Epicauta hypoleuca (Klug, 1825)
Epicauta immaculata (Say, 1824)
Epicauta impressicornis (Pic, 1913)
Epicauta impressifrons Van Dyke, 1928
Epicauta incompleta Fairmaire, 1896
Epicauta inconstans Fischer de Waldheim, 1827
Epicauta indiana Kaszab, 1956
Epicauta ingrata Fall, 1907
Epicauta insignis Horn, 1885
Epicauta insularis (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta intermedia Haag-Rutenberg, 1880
Epicauta interrupta (Fairmaire, 1889)
Epicauta jeanneli Pic, 1913
Epicauta jeffersi Pinto, 1980
Epicauta jimenezi Dugès, 1889
Epicauta jucunda Péringuey, 1888
Epicauta kansana Werner, 1944
Epicauta korytkowskii Kaszab, 1978
Epicauta kraussi (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta kwangsiensis Tan, 1958
Epicauta labialis (Dugès, 1881)
Epicauta laevicollis Mäklin, 1875
Epicauta laevicornis Werner, 1973
Epicauta langei Borchmann, 1930
Epicauta languida (Horn, 1895)
Epicauta laticornis (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta latitarsis (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta lauta (Horn, 1885)
Epicauta lemniscata (Fabricius, 1801)
Epicauta leonensis Pic, 1913
Epicauta leoni Dugès, 1889
Epicauta leopardina (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta leucocoma Champion, 1892
Epicauta levettei Casey, 1891
Epicauta liebecki Werner, 1944
Epicauta linearis (LeConte, 1858)
Epicauta longicollis (LeConte, 1853)
Epicauta luctitera (Fairmaire, 1873)
Epicauta luteolineata Pic, 1933
Epicauta maculata (Say, 1824)
Epicauta maculifera (Maydell, 1934)
Epicauta magnomaculata Martin, 1932
Epicauta maklini (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta mandibularis Anand, 1977
Epicauta mannerheimi (Mäklin, 1875)
Epicauta manovana Pic, 1913
Epicauta mashuna Péringuey, 1899
Epicauta maura (LeConte, 1851)
Epicauta megacephala (Champion, 1892)
Epicauta megalocephala (Gebler, 1817)
Epicauta melanocephala (Fabricius, 1801)
Epicauta melanota (Mäklin, 1875)
Epicauta merkeliana Horn, 1891
Epicauta mesembryanthemi Péringuey, 1888
Epicauta mima Péringuey, 1909
Epicauta mimetica (Horn, 1875)
Epicauta mimetica (Horn, 1875)
Epicauta minutepunctata Borchmann, 1930
Epicauta missionum (Berg, 1881)
Epicauta modesta (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta moesta Péringuey, 1886
Epicauta mojiangensis Tan Juanjie, 1993
Epicauta monachica (Berg, 1883)
Epicauta montana Anand, 1977
Epicauta montara Ballmer, 1979
Epicauta murina (LeConte, 1853)
Epicauta nattereri (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta neglecta (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta nepalensis (Hope in Gray, 1831)
Epicauta nigra Dugés, 1870
Epicauta nigrans (Mäklin, 1875)
Epicauta nigripes Borchmann, 1930
Epicauta nigritarsis (LeConte, 1853)
Epicauta nigromarginata (Mäklin, 1875)
Epicauta nigropunctata (Blanchard, 1843)
Epicauta niveolineata (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta normalis Werner, 1944
Epicauta notaticollis Péringuey, 1888
Epicauta nyassensis (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta obesa (Chevrolat, 1835)
Epicauta oblita (LeConte, 1851)
Epicauta obscureovittata Wellman, 1910
Epicauta obscuricornis Chevrolet, 1877
Epicauta obscurocephala Reitter, 1905
Epicauta occidentalis Werner, 1944
Epicauta ocellata Dugés, 1869
Epicauta ochrea (LeConte, 1853)
Epicauta oculata (Fabricius, 1792)
Epicauta optata Péringuey, 1892
Epicauta oregona Horn, 1875
Epicauta ovampoa Péringuey, 1899
Epicauta palpalis Kaszab, 1981
Epicauta pardalis (LeConte, 1866)
Epicauta parkeri Werner, 1944
Epicauta parvula (Haldeman, 1854)
Epicauta pedalis (LeConte, 1866)
Epicauta pensylvanica (De Geer, 1775)
Epicauta philaemata (Klug, 1825)
Epicauta phoenix Werner, 1944
Epicauta picitarsis Fairmaire, 1885
Epicauta picta (Laporte, 1840)
Epicauta pilma (Molina, 1782)
Epicauta pilsbryi Skinner, 1906
Epicauta platycera Fairmaire, 1876
Epicauta pleuralis Fairmaire
Epicauta pluvialis Borchmann, 1930
Epicauta polingi Werner, 1944
Epicauta politicollis Fairmaire, 1893
Epicauta probsti Dvorák, 1996
Epicauta prolifica Wellman, 1909
Epicauta promerotricha Dvorák, 1996
Epicauta proscripta Pinto, 1980
Epicauta prosopidis Werner, 1973
Epicauta pruinosa LeConte, 1866
Epicauta punctata (Pallas, 1781)
Epicauta puncticollis Mannerheim, 1843
Epicauta punctipennis Werner, 1944
Epicauta punctum Dugés, 1869
Epicauta punjabensis Saha, 1979
Epicauta purpurea (Horn, 1885)
Epicauta purpureiceps (Berg, 1889)
Epicauta quadraticollis Fairmaire, 1891
Epicauta rehni Maydell, 1934
Epicauta reini (Kiesenwetter, 1879)
Epicauta rileyi Horn, 1874
Epicauta rubriceps (Blanchard, 1843)
Epicauta rubriceps L. Redtenbacher, 1844
Epicauta rubricollis (Reiche in Ferret & Galin, 1850)
Epicauta ruficeps (Illiger in Wiedemeyer, 1800)
Epicauta rufidorsum (Goeze, 1777)
Epicauta rufifrons Fåhraeus, 1870
Epicauta rufipedes Dugés, 1870
Epicauta rufipennis (Chevrolet, 1834)
Epicauta rufoscutellaris Pic, 1913
Epicauta rugicollis (Fairmaire, 1887)
Epicauta ruidosana Fall, 1907
Epicauta rutilifrons Borchmann, 1930
Epicauta sanctoruensis Zaragoza-Caballero & Velasco-de Leon, 2003
Epicauta sanguiniceps (Fairmaire, 1885)
Epicauta sanguinicollis (LeConte, 1853)
Epicauta sanguinithorax Haag-Rutenberg, 1880
Epicauta schneideri Dvorák, 1996
Epicauta segmenta (Say, 1823)
Epicauta seminitida Wellman, 1910
Epicauta semitestacea Fairmaire, 1896
Epicauta semivittata Fairmaire, 1875
Epicauta senilis Werner, 1949
Epicauta seriata Ren & Yang, 2007
Epicauta sericans LeConte, 1866
Epicauta sharpi Marseul, 1875
Epicauta sibirica (Pallas, 1773)
Epicauta singularis Champion, 1892
Epicauta sparsicapilla Yang & Ren, 2007
Epicauta spilotella Péringuey, 1904
Epicauta spinicornis Pic, 1911
Epicauta spurcaticollis Fairmaire, 1883
Epicauta stigmata Dugès, 1869
Epicauta straba Horn, 1891
Epicauta strangulata (Gerstaecker, 1854)
Epicauta strigata (Gyllenhal in Schoenherr, 1817)
Epicauta strigida Marseul, 1879
Epicauta strigosa (Gyllenhal in Schoenherr, 1817)
Epicauta stuarti LeConte, 1868
Epicauta subatra Dugés, 1889
Epicauta subglabra (Fall, 1922)
Epicauta sublineata (LeConte, 1854)
Epicauta subrubra Dugés, 1886
Epicauta subvittata (Erichson, 1848)
Epicauta sulcicollis Mäklin, 1875
Epicauta suturalis (Germar, 1821)
Epicauta talpa Haag-Rutenberg, 1880
Epicauta tamara Adams & Selander, 1979
Epicauta tarasca Pinto, 1991
Epicauta temexa Adams & Selander, 1979
Epicauta tenebrosa Werner, 1949
Epicauta tenella (LeConte, 1858)
Epicauta tenuicollis (Pallas, 1782)
Epicauta tenuicornis (Champion, 1892)
Epicauta tenuilineata (Horn, 1894)
Epicauta tenuis (LeConte, 1853)
Epicauta teresa Mathieu, 1983
Epicauta terminata Dugés, 1869
Epicauta testaceipes Fairmaire in Révoil, 1882
Epicauta tetragramma Haag-Rutenberg, 1880
Epicauta texana Werner, 1944
Epicauta textilis (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta thailandica Dvorák, 1996
Epicauta thoracica (Erichson, 1843)
Epicauta tibialis (Waterhouse, 1871)
Epicauta tomentosa Mäklin, 1875
Epicauta torsa (LeConte, 1853)
Epicauta trichrus (Pallas, 1798)
Epicauta tricostata (Werner, 1943)
Epicauta tripartita Champion, 1892
Epicauta unicalcarata Champion, 1892
Epicauta uniforma Werner, 1944
Epicauta unilineata Champion, 1891
Epicauta valida (LeConte, 1853)
Epicauta velata (Gerstaecker, 1854)
Epicauta ventralis Werner, 1945
Epicauta vicina Haag-Rutenberg, 1880
Epicauta vidua (Klug, 1825)
Epicauta villipes Haag-Rutenberg, 1880
Epicauta virgulata (LeConte, 1866)
Epicauta viridipennis Burmeister, 1865
Epicauta vittata (Fabricius, 1775)
Epicauta vitticollis (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta vittulata Borehmann, 1917
Epicauta waterhousei (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)
Epicauta weixiensis Tan, 1992
Epicauta wellmani Kaszab, 1956
Epicauta westermanni Mäklin, 1875
Epicauta wheeleri Horn, 1873
Epicauta wittmeri Kaszab, 1978
Epicauta xanthocephala (Klug, 1825)
Epicauta xantusi Kaszab, 1952
Epicauta yungana Denier, 1935
Epicauta zebra (Dohrn, 1876)
المراجع
للاستزادة
Campos-Soldini, M. P. (2011). A new species group of the genus Epicauta Dejean of southern South America, the bella group (Coleoptera: Meloidae). Neotropical Entomology 40(5), 575-86.
نافطيات