PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
أكرم عفيف

أكرم عفيف
أكرم حسن عفيف يحيى عفيف (مواليد 17 نوفمبر 1996) هو لاعب كرة قدم قطري يلعب حاليًا مع نادي السد في دوري نجوم قطر ومنتخب قطر لكرة القدم في مركز الجناح.
في 8 مايو 2016 انتقل رسميًا من نادي السد القطري إلى نادي فياريال الإسباني ليكون بذلك أول لاعب قطري يلعب في الدوري الإسباني وأعاره فياريال إلى أندية سبورتينغ خيخون ونادي يوبين.
مسيرته الكروية
يلعب في السد القطري.
روابط خارجية
مصادر
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية قطريون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في بلجيكا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إسبانيا
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من الدوحة
رياضيون قطريون مغتربون في إسبانيا
رياضيون قطريون مغتربون في بلجيكا
قطريون متجنسون
قطريون من أصل تنزاني
قطريون من أصل صومالي
قطريون من أصل يمني
لاعب دوري كرة القدم البلجيكي الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو أكاديمية أسباير (قطر)
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني
لاعبو الدوري البلجيكي للمحترفين
لاعبو دوري نجوم قطر
لاعبو ريال سبورتينغ خيخون
لاعبو كأس آسيا 2019
لاعبو كأس العالم 2022
لاعبو كأس كونكاكاف الذهبية 2021
لاعبو كرة قدم قطريون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إسبانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في بلجيكا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون قطريون
لاعبو كوبا أمريكا 2019
لاعبو منتخب قطر تحت 20 سنة لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب قطر لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب قطر لكرة القدم للشباب
لاعبو نادي السد (قطر)
لاعبو نادي المرخية
لاعبو نادي فياريال
لاعبو نادي يوبين
لاعبون فازوا بكأس الأمم الآسيوية
مواليد 1416 هـ
مواليد 1417 هـ
مواليد 1996
مواليد في الدوحة
رياضيون من الدوحة
Boyacı Mosque

Boyacı Mosque
Boyacı Camii, also called Boyacıoğlu Camii or Kadı Kemalettin Camii is a Mosque in Gaziantep, Turkey.
It is located in the Şahinbey district of the city at the intersection of Kutlar Street and Hamdi Kutlar Avenue. Construction began in 1211 under the orders of Kadı Kemalettin Bey and it was finished in 1357.
References
Mosques in Gaziantep
14th-century mosques
Mosques completed in 1357
قائمة قلاع المملكة المتحدة

قائمة قلاع المملكة المتحدة
القَلْعَة هو حصن منيع يشيَّد في موقع يصعب الوصول إليه، وغالبًا ما يكون على قمة جبل أو مشرفًا على بحر، وقد وجد بعضها مشيداً على أرض منبسطة.
قائمة قلاع الجزائر
تحتوي هذه القائمة على أسماء القلاع في المملكة المتحدة.
القلعة الحرة
قلعة إلين دونن
قلعة بونتيفراكت
قلعة كونوي
برج لندن
قصر وندسور
قلعة بوديام
قلعة دروغو
قلعة دورهام
قلعة دوفر
قلعة دونستانبيرغ
قلعة لودلو
قلعة مورتون كوربيت
قلعة ميدلهام
قلعة هارليتش
قلعة كارديف
كاستل واي بير
مراجع
السياحة في المملكة المتحدة
تاريخ المملكة المتحدة
قلاع في المملكة المتحدة
قوائم قلاع حسب البلد
قوائم مبان ومنشآت في المملكة المتحدة
Mehraban, Iran

Mehraban, Iran
Mehraban (also Romanized as Mehrabān; also known as Mehravān and Mehrevān) is a city in Mehraban District of Sarab County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran.
At the 2006 census, its population was 6,000 in 1,542 households. The following census in 2011 counted 6,095 people in 1,728 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 5,772 people in 1,882 households.
References
Sarab County
Cities in East Azerbaijan Province
Populated places in Sarab County
1952 Belgian Grand Prix

1952 Belgian Grand Prix
The 1952 Belgian Grand Prix was a Formula Two race held on 22 June 1952 at Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps. It was race 3 of 8 in the 1952 World Championship of Drivers, in which each Grand Prix was run to Formula Two rules rather than the Formula One regulations normally used.
Report
Maserati's new A6GCM was still not ready, and, to compound this, their lead driver Juan Manuel Fangio had suffered back injuries at the non-championship Monza Grand Prix. This meant that Ferrari were once again favoured for success in the race, with their driver lineup consisting of Alberto Ascari (in place of André Simon), Nino Farina and Piero Taruffi. There were also two privateer Ferrari entries: local driver Charles de Tornaco of Ecurie Francorchamps, and Louis Rosier. The Gordini team expanded their lineup to include Belgian driver Johnny Claes, alongside Behra, Manzon and Bira. American Robert O'Brien also drove a Simca-Gordini for this race. HWM also recruited a pair of Belgian drivers — Paul Frère and Roger Laurent — who raced alongside regular drivers Peter Collins and Lance Macklin. Stirling Moss switched from HWM to ERA for this race. A handful of other privateer entrants also took part, including future World Champion Mike Hawthorn, who made his debut in a Cooper-Bristol.
Ascari headed an all-Ferrari front row, with teammates Farina and Taruffi in second and third, respectively. The Gordinis of Manzon and Behra made up row two, while the third row consisted of Hawthorn, Ken Wharton (in a Frazer-Nash), and Frère, who was the highest qualifier of the five Belgian drivers on the grid.
Taruffi started badly in the rain, dropping to ninth by the end of the first lap, while Behra overhauled the two leading Ferraris to take the lead of the race. Moss also started well, before his car broke down halfway through the first lap. Behra's lead was short-lived, as both Ascari and Farina overtook him on the second lap, subsequently holding first and second for the remainder of the race. Behra dropped to fourth when the recovering Taruffi passed him on lap 13. On the following lap Taruffi spun at Malmédy and Behra hit him, causing both to retire. Manzon overtook Hawthorn to assume what was now third place. Despite suffering from fuel leakage problems, Hawthorn was able to maintain fourth place until the end of the race. His fellow debutant Paul Frère also finished in the points, in fifth.
Ascari's win (with fastest lap), and Taruffi's retirement, meant that the two now shared the lead of the Championship, on nine points each. Indianapolis 500 winner Troy Ruttman was in third, while Farina's second-place finish raised him to fourth in the standings, three points adrift of the joint Championship leaders.
Entries
Classification
Qualifying
Race
Notes
– Includes 1 point for fastest lap
Championship standings after the race
Drivers' Championship standings
Note: Only the top five positions are included. Only the best 4 results counted towards the Championship.
References
Belgian Grand Prix
Belgian Grand Prix
Grand Prix
European Grand Prix
Belgian Grand Prix
Quwat al-Shaheed al-Sadr

Quwat al-Shaheed al-Sadr, translated as the Army of Martyr Sadr, is an Iraqi militia. They are officially known as the 25th Brigade of the Popular Mobilization Forces. It is the military wing of the Islamic Dawa Party, which is led by Nouri al-Maliki.
References
Islamic Dawa Party
Shia Islamist groups
Anti-ISIL factions in Iraq
Popular Mobilization Forces
Rebel groups in Iraq
جانغدونغ

جانغدونغ هي منطقة سكنية تقع في الصين في أزمة التبت والصين. يقدر عدد سكانها بـ
نسمة .
انظر أيضا
قائمة مدن الصين
مراجع
أماكن مأهولة في التبت
Darragh Ryan

Darragh Ryan (born 21 May 1980 in Cuckfield, West Sussex), is a former footballer who last played for Southern Stars in the Victorian State League Division 1.
Playing career
He began his career with Brighton & Hove Albion, for whom he played nine league games, scoring twice. Ryan then moved on to play for another Sussex outfit, Crawley Town. Following this, the player moved to Ireland, signing for UCD. He made his debut for them at home to Waterford, and after a number of years at the club, he returned to England, where he played non-League football with Bognor Regis Town, Worthing and Haywards Heath Town. Ryan then returned to UCD, this time for a more brief spell. Following this, he signed for Cork City where he was part of the 2007 Setanta Cup winning team against Glentoran. He then moved on to St Patrick's Athletic where he got sent off on his European debut at Valletta F.C. He made two appearances in the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League as Pats were knocked out by Steaua Bucharest at the play off stage.
In January 2010, Ryan signed for Conference National side Stevenage Borough on a non-contract basis. He also played at left back in the FA Vase sixth round for Whitehawk at Gresley Rovers, to solve an injury crisis as a favour for the Hawks' manager Darren Freeman. He played two games in similar circumstances the following season, including an FA Trophy match at Margate. He was later released by Stevenage Borough after failing to make a first-team appearance. Shortly after his release, he trialled with one of his former clubs, Crawley Town. Several months after this appearance, it was announced that Ryan had been signed by Crawley. This was the second time that the player had signed for Crawley, having spent time at the club several years previously. Ryan left the club by mutual agreement in September 2010.
Personal life
Ryan's father Gerry played eighteen times for Ireland between 1978 and 1984, scoring once, at home in a European Championship defeat to West Germany.
Honours
Cork City
Setanta Sports Cup: 2008
References
External links
Ryan sent off St Pats
Ryan to return to Belfield Park
Ryan joins Cork City's ranks
1980 births
Living people
People from Cuckfield
Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. players
Crawley Town F.C. players
University College Dublin A.F.C. players
Bognor Regis Town F.C. players
Worthing F.C. players
Cork City F.C. players
St Patrick's Athletic F.C. players
Stevenage F.C. players
Whitehawk F.C. players
English Football League players
League of Ireland players
Haywards Heath Town F.C. players
Men's association football midfielders
English men's footballers
Republic of Ireland men's youth international footballers
الميحة (توضيح)

الميحة (توضيح)
قد يقصد من «الميحة» :
الدمثي (الدوادمي)

الدمثي (الدوادمي)
الدمثي، هي قرية من فئة (أ) تقع في محافظة الدوادمي، والتابعة لمنطقة الرياض في السعودية. وتبعد الدمثي عن محافظة الدوادمي بمسافة تقارب كم.
مراجع
قرى محافظة الدوادمي
Codex Gothanus 84

Codex Gothanus 84
The Codex Gothanus 84 is a 10th/11th century Latin law parchment manuscript in two-column Carolingian minuscule and is one of two extant copies of a lost early ninth-century codex written at Fulda and commissioned by Eberhard of Friuli, probably about 830, from the scholar Lupus Servatus, abbot of Ferrières. It is held by the Gotha Research Library (Gotha, Forschungsbibliothek, Memb. I 84), hence its name.
The manuscript contains laws useful in the administration of Friuli, preceded by a text of the origins of the Lombards, probably compiled before the death of Pepin of Italy (810). According to Walter Pohl it is written from a Carolingian and Christian perspective, substituting for the Longobardi origin myth concerning Wotan a controlling sense of Providence. The Monumenta Germaniae Historica version (MGH SRL, pp 7-11) calls it Historia Langobardorum Codicis Gothani. The opening and closing of the Codex Gothanus are so different from the Origo Gentis Langobardorum and Paul the Deacon that Thomas Hodgkin, Italy and Her Invaders (vol VI 1880:146, note B) printed them separately rather than attempt to weave them into a coherent whole.
Notes
External links
Lombard books
سحقان (النادرة)

سحقان (النادرة)
سحقان هي إحدى قرى عزلة شريح بمديرية النادرة التابعة لمحافظة إب، بلغ تعداد سكانها 670 نسمة حسب تعداد اليمن لعام 2004.
مراجع
المركز الوطني للمعلومات باليمن
سحقان
برنامج Wien2K

برنامج Wien2K هو برنامج غير مجاني مؤسس من قِبل بيتر بلاها وكارلهاينز شفارتز من معهد كيمياء المواد في جامعة فيينا للتكنولوجيا، أول إصدار للبرنامج كانت سنة 1990 م، ومن ذلك الوقت تطور تطورا سريع وأضيفت له تحسينات عديدة.
يسمح هذا البرنامج بالقيام بالعمليات الحسابية التي تخص البنية الإلكترونية للمادة باستخدام نظرية الكثافة الوظيفية DFT.
مميزات البرنامج
يحتوي البرنامج على واجهة تطبيقية وعلى صيغة أخرى حديثة ممثلة في العمل مباشرة على الإنترنت أي انه يمكنك العمل في أي مكان توجد فيه، وإذا كان هناك حسابات معقدة وتحتاج إلى عدد هائل من العمليات، يتم إرسال عملك بكل سهولة عبر البرنامج إلى مركز الحسابات المركزي, ومن ثم يتم إرسال النتائج إلى بريدك الإلكتروني.
يمكن إضافة برامج مرفقة له كبرنامج XCeysDen الذي يسمح بمشاهدة ثلاثية الأبعاد لبنية المادة والكثافة الإلكترونية وغيرها.
يقوم البرنامج برسم بعض المنحنيات تلقائيا مع وضع البيانات اللازمة لذلك واستنتاج بعض المعاملات الفيزيائية تلقائيا بفضل قاعدة بياناته التي تحوى معلومات حول عناصر الجدول الدوري.
البرنامج غير مجاني إلا أنه غير باهظ الثمن نسبيا كالبرامج الأخرى ك VASP Castep
يتم العمل على برنامج Wien2K بإدخال معاملات بنية بلورية ومواقع الذرات في البلورة ونوعها, من ثم نقوم بتحديد بعض الاختيارات على طريقة الحساب كشبه الكمون المستعمل ودقة الحساب, نشغل دورة SCF ونباشر في حساب الخصائص البنيوية والإلكترونية للمادة.
مراجع
برامج فيزيائية
برامج كيمياء حسابية
فيزياء المواد
هينريش غرايف

هينريش غرايف هو كاتب وممثل ألماني، ولد في 11 مارس 1907 في درسدن في ألمانيا، وتوفي في 16 يوليو 1946 في برلين في ألمانيا.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
سياسيو الحزب الشيوعي الألماني
ألمان مهاجرون إلى الاتحاد السوفيتي
كتاب باللغة الألمانية
ممثلو مسرح ألمان
ممثلون ألمان
ممثلون سوفيت
مواليد 1907
وفيات 1946
Honey Russell

Honey Russell
John David "Honey" Russell (May 31, 1902 – November 15, 1973) was an American basketball player and coach who was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1964. He turned professional after his sophomore year of high school, and for the next 28 years he played for numerous early 20th century pro teams, including many in the American Basketball League. His career included over 3,200 pro games (a number that would take a modern NBA player 30–40 years to equal). He was the first coach of the NBA's Boston Celtics (1946–1948).
Russell coached basketball at Seton Hall University from 1936 to 1943 and again from 1949 to 1960. His teams won 294 games and lost 137. In 1940 and 1941, Seton Hall ran its winning streak to 43 games, a national record at the time. The 1952–53 team won the National Invitation Tournament at Madison Square Garden in New York City. That team won 31 games, including 27 in a row, while only losing 2 games.
Russell also was a scout in professional baseball, working for the Atlanta Braves, Montreal Expos and Chicago White Sox. Of the many players he signed, 23 made it to the major leagues, including the Joe and Frank Torre, Don McMahon, and Earl Williams.
Head coaching record
NCAA
BAA
|-
| align="left" |Boston
| align="left" |1946–47
| 60||22||38||||align="center" |5th in Eastern||—||—||—||—|| align="center" |Missed playoffs
|-
| align="left" |Boston
| align="left" |1947–48
| 58||20||38||||align="center" |3rd in Eastern||3||1||2|||| align="center" |Lost in Quarterfinals
|-
|-class="sortbottom"
| align="center" colspan="2"|Total
| 118||42||76|||| ||3||1||2||||
References
External links
John Russell @ basketball-reference.com
Honey Russell @ ProBasketballEncyclopedia.com
1902 births
1973 deaths
American Basketball League (1925–1955) coaches
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Atlanta Braves scouts
Basketball coaches from New York (state)
Boston Celtics head coaches
Chicago Bruins coaches
Chicago Bruins players
Chicago White Sox scouts
Cleveland Rosenblums players
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
Manhattan Jaspers men's basketball coaches
Milwaukee Braves scouts
Montreal Expos scouts
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
New York University alumni
Original Celtics players
Paterson Crescents players
Player-coaches
Seton Hall Pirates men's basketball coaches
Seton Hall University alumni
Basketball players from Brooklyn
Wilkes-Barre Barons players
Dprevank

Dprevank is a village in the Ashtarak Municipality of the Aragatsotn Province of Armenia. The village is on the road from Dzoragyugh to Tsakhkasar. The village has been founded in 1991-1992 by Armenian refugees fleeing from Mədrəsə village of Shamakhi Distric of Azerbaijan.
References
Populated places in Aragatsotn Province
June Kirby

June Kirby
June Shirley Kirby (January 5, 1928 – March 6, 2022) was an American actress and model, who spent most of her career as a wardrobe mistress in Hollywood productions' costume departments. She was a showgirl at The Diamond Horseshoe in the late forties and was spotted by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer which offered her a couple of film parts as a Goldwyn Girl such as in Vincente Minnelli's Kismet (1955) and Joseph L. Mankiewicz's Guys and Dolls (1955) featured opposite Marlon Brando, Larri Thomas and Pat Sheehan. Kirby also performed on Broadway in As the Girls Go (1948-1950), and Gentlemen Prefer Blondes.
Early years
Born in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, Kirby was raised in Jersey City, New Jersey and earned a diploma at James J. Ferris High School in Jersey City. She later attended Kingston University where she studied fashion.
Modeling
Kirby also worked as a model. In 1946, she was named "posture queen of America" by the National Chiropractic Association. She was in Famous Models Magazine dated June 1950.
Personal life
Kirby dated men such as Mickey Rooney. She married Roy B. Whitlock on August 20, 1960, and they had a daughter named Shawn. Whitlock died on December 23, 1984. She later married Bob Przybysz. Kirby died on March 6, 2022, at the age of 94.
Filmography
Actress
Costume designer
Wardrobe department
Special effects
References
External links
1928 births
2022 deaths
21st-century American women
Actresses from Jersey City, New Jersey
American film actresses
American female models
American musical theatre actresses
James J. Ferris High School alumni
People from Bay Ridge, Brooklyn
Troy, Sauk County, Wisconsin

Troy, Sauk County, Wisconsin
The Town of Troy is located in Sauk County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 773 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated communities of Black Hawk, Cassell, and Witwen are located in the town.
History
The town was named after Troy, Ohio, the native home of an early settler.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 54.3 square miles (140.6 km2), of which, 53.1 square miles (137.6 km2) of it is land and 1.1 square miles (3.0 km2) of it (2.12%) is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 773 people, 277 households, and 219 families residing in the town. The population density was 14.5 people per square mile (5.6/km2). There were 300 housing units at an average density of 5.6 per square mile (2.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.84% White, 0.52% from other races, and 0.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.65% of the population.
There were 277 households, out of which 36.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.0% were married couples living together, 6.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.9% were non-families. 17.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.17.
In the town the population was 28.2% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.1 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $39,432, and the median income for a family was $43,750. Males had a median income of $28,438 versus $23,984 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,735. About 5.9% of families and 8.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.5% of those under age 18 and 2.4% of those age 65 or over.
Notable people
Leroy Litscher, farmer and politician, was born in the town
References
External links
Town of Troy Official Website
Towns in Sauk County, Wisconsin
Towns in Wisconsin
جورج دوسن (توضيح)

جورج دوسن (توضيح)
قد يقصد من «جورج دوسن» :
صفحات توضيح أشخاص
هواري بنشنات

هواري بنشنات (25 مايو 1961) مغني جزائري من وهران لموسيقى الراي يُلقب بـ "سيد الراي".
حياته
مواطن بحي الحمري بولاية وهران. وهو ابن عائلة كبيرة ليس لديها موارد سوى الأغنية. في عام 1975، عندما كان مراهقًا فقط، بدأ الغناء والإيقاع أيضًا بالدربوكة في نوع موسيقي متأثر ببلاوي هواري وأحمد صابر.
سجل أول أغنية له سنة 1977 مع عبد القادر قصيدي بعنوان دلالي. كان النجاح كبيرا، خاصة أنه في ذلك الوقت، كان هناك عدد أكبر من الشباب (مغني الراي الجدد) في الساحة. كان صعوده سريعا وكان أكثر المطربين إنتاجا يعرفون كيف يستمعون ويقدرون نغمات الأغنية الوهرانية مثل أحمد وهبي وبلاوي هواري وأحمد صابر وبنزرقة.
هواري بنشنات هو جزء من الجيل الثاني من الراي الحديث الذي حل محل مسعود بلمو، بلقاسم بوثلجة هو مغني راي آخر من الجيل القديم.مع خالد، الشاب الصحراوي والشاب الهندي، الشاب حامد هم الراي الثوريون، الذين أدخلوا السينث. في السبعينيات وحطمت المحرمات التي كانت تدور حول موسيقى الراي. جلب مهرجان الراي عام 1985 في وهران الفنان إلى جميع البيوت الجزائرية عبر التلفزيون.
يشكل بنشنيت حالة خاصة في الإيقاع الوهران. قصائده المبنية ونصوصه المنحوتة، المطهرة من أي تفاهات في غير أوانها، تتطلب اهتمامًا معينًا. لكن هواري لا ينسى الغناء بالوهرانية النقية والعامية والعجنية والعربية والفرنسية والإسبانية والأمازيغية، مكي نونا هو من صنع نجاحه بفضل كلماته مثل أرسام وهرن ولوكان البكا إيرودلي لي فيت، إلخ. الكتابة كلمات أغانيه بنفسه ولحن موسيقاه الخاصة التي تزيد عن 400 عنوان، اختار هواري بنشنات موسيقى الراي ليس لسهولة اللغة، بل لتعكس واقعًا معيشًا.
وهو متزوج من أخت عبد القادر قصيدي وله طفلان: محمد (مغني الراي) ومهدي.
أعماله
ألبومات
1977: .
1989:
2001: .
2010: «8 عناوين».
2013: الباهية «10 عناوين».
الفردي
1977:
1983:
1983:
1983:
1983:
1983:
1983:
1989:
1989:
1989:
1989:
1989:
2001:
2010:
المراجع
وصلات خارجية
صفحة هواري بنشنات علي AllMusic
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من وهران
مغتربون جزائريون في فرنسا
مغنو راي
مغنون جزائريون
مغنون جزائريون في القرن 20
مغنون جزائريون في القرن 21
مغنون ذكور جزائريون في القرن 20
مغنون ذكور جزائريون في القرن 21
مغنون ذكور في القرن 20
مغنون ذكور في القرن 21
مغنون وكتاب أغان
ملحنون جزائريون
مواليد 1379 هـ
مواليد 1380 هـ
مواليد 1406 هـ
مواليد 1960
مواليد 1961
مواليد في وهران
موسيقيون جزائريون
موسيقيون من وهران
Frank Gray (researcher)

Frank Gray (researcher)
Frank Gray (13 September 1887 – 23 May 1969) was a physicist and researcher at Bell Labs who made numerous innovations in television, both mechanical and electronic, and is remembered for the Gray code.
The Gray code, or reflected binary code (RBC), appearing in Gray's 1953 patent, is a binary numeral system often used in electronics, but with many applications in mathematics.
Gray conducted pioneering research on the development of television; he proposed an early form of "flying spot scanner" for early TV systems in 1927, and helped develop a two-way mechanically scanned TV system in 1930.
With Pierre Mertz, Gray wrote the classic paper on the mathematics of raster scan systems in 1934. He later participated in the early days of the digital revolution, with Raymond W. Sears, William M. Goodall, John Robinson Pierce, and others at Bell Labs, by providing the binary code used by Sears in his PCM tube, a beam deflection tube of the type that Sears and Pierce collaborated on, which was used in Goodall's "Television by pulse code modulation".
Early life
Gray graduated from Purdue University in 1911 with a degree in Physics.
Patents
With Herbert E. Ives as co-inventor, Gray filed for two US patents in 1927: "Electro-optical system" (US 2,037,471, issued 14 April 1936) and "Electro-optical transmission" (US 1,759,504, issued 20 May 1930), and one in just his own name: "Television system" (US 2,113,254, issued 5 April 1938). He patented many other similar-sounding inventions over the years that followed.
His 1953 patent "Pulse Code Communication" with the Gray code was filed in 1947.
References
External links
Science Newsletter, 16 April 1927 (reproduced at Science News Online) "How New Television Process Works" with Gray's flying-spot scanner innovation
Two Way Television 1930 booklet by AT&T, with photo of Frank Gray
Complete 1930 booklet at TV History
Scientists at Bell Labs
1887 births
1969 deaths