Folk costume

Folk costume
A folk costume (also regional costume, national costume, traditional clothing, traditional garment or traditional regalia) expresses an identity through clothing or costume, which is usually associated with a geographic area or a period of time in history. It can also indicate social, marital or religious status. If the costume is used to represent the culture or identity of a specific ethnic group, it is usually known as ethnic costume (also ethnic dress, ethnic wear, ethnic clothing, traditional ethnic wear or traditional ethnic garment). Such costumes often come in two forms: one for everyday occasions, the other for traditional festivals and formal wear. The word "costume" in this context is sometimes considered pejorative due to the multiple senses of the word, and in such cases "regalia" can be substituted without offense.
Following the rise of romantic nationalism, the pre-industrial peasantry of Europe came to serve as models for all that appeared genuine and desirable. Their garments are crystallized into so-called "typical" forms, and enthusiasts adopted that attire as part of their symbolism. These garments may be made from traditional pre-industrial textiles, in regional styles.
In areas where Western dress codes have become usual, traditional garments are often worn at special events or celebrations; particularly those connected with cultural traditions, heritage or pride. International events may cater for non-Western attendees with a compound dress code such as "business suit or national dress".
In modern times, there are instances where traditional garments are required by sumptuary laws. In Bhutan, the traditional Tibetan-style clothing of gho and kera for men, and kira and toego for women, must be worn by all citizens, including those not of Tibetan heritage. In Saudi Arabia, women are also required to wear the abaya in public.
Africa
Central Africa
Cameroon – Pagne (female), Toghu (male)
Central African Republic – Pagne
Democratic Republic of the Congo – Pagne
Equatorial Guinea – Pano
Gabon – Pagne
Republic of the Congo – Pagne
São Tomé and Príncipe – Pano
Eastern Africa
Burundi – Imvutano
Comoros – Lesso (female), Kanzu (male)
Djibouti – Macawiis (male), Koofiyad (male), Dirac (female), Garbasaar (female); the Afar people have their style of traditional clothing.
Eritrea – Kidan Habesha (male), Zuria or Habesha kemis (female)
Ethiopia – Ethiopian suit or Kidan Habesha (male), Habesha kemis (female); each ethnic group has a traditional style of dress.
Kenya – Does not have a national costume. All tribes have their respective traditional garments, for example: Maasai traditional costume: Kitenge, Kikoi, Maasai beadwork
Madagascar – Lamba
Mauritius and Réunion – Sega dress
Rwanda – Mushanana
Seychelles – Kanmtole dress
Somalia – Kanzu or Khamiis, Macawiis (male), Kitenge Koofiyad (male), Dirac (female), Guntiino (female), Garbasaar (female)
Sudan – Jalabiyyah, Taqiyyah, and Turban (male), Toob, a cotton women's dress (female)
Tanzania – Kanzu and Kofia (male), Kanga (female)
Uganda – Kanzu and Kofia (male), Gomesi (female), Mushanana (Female - South Western Uganda)
Northern Africa
Algeria - Burnous, Caftan, Caftan El-Bey, Gandoura, Haïek, Jellaba, Mlaya, Sarouel
Bikhmar (Ouargla)
Blouza (Oran)
Chedda (Tlemcen)
Chemsa (Jijel)
Fergani (Constantine)
Gandoura Annabiya (Annaba)
Ghlila, Karakou, Sarouel Mdawer (Algiers)
Labsa M'zabia (M'zab)
Labsa Naïlia (Ouled Naïl)
Lefa we dlala (Annaba)
Melhfa Chaouïa (Aures)
Melhfa Sahraouia (Tindouf)
Qashabiya (Djelfa et Laghouat), Labsa Kbaylia (Kabylie)
Binouar - Sétif
Labsa Touratia (Hoggar)
Egypt – Galabeya
Libya – Jellabiya, Farmla (an embroidered vest), Fouta
Morocco – Djellaba, Fez hat and Balgha (male), Takchita (female)
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic – Darra'a (male), Melhfa Sahraouia (female)
Tunisia – Jebba, Chechia, Fouta
Southern Africa
Angola – Pano
Botswana - leteisi and Tshega
Lesotho – Shweshwe clothing and blankets, Mokorotlo
Malawi – Chitenje
Mozambique – Capulana
Namibia – Herero traditional clothing
South Africa –
Sotho: Shweshwe clothing and blankets, Mokorotlo
Xhosa: Umbhaco
Zulu: Isicholo
Afrikaners and Rooineks: slouch hat, safari shirt, veldskoen, knee-high socks, khaki Bermuda shorts or trousers.
Zambia – Chitenje
Zimbabwe – Chitenje
Western Africa
Benin – Dashiki suit and Aso Oke Hat (male), Buba and wrapper set (female)
Burkina Faso – Batakari (male), Kaftan (female)
Cape Verde – Pano de terra
Côte d'Ivoire – Kente cloth (male), Kente kaba and slit set (female)
Gambia – Boubou (male), Kaftan (female)
Ghana – Kente cloth or Ghanaian smock and Kufi (male), Kente kaba and slit set (female), Agbada (male)
Guinea – Boubou (male), Kaftan (female)
Guinea-Bissau – Ethnic clothes of Guinea-Bissau; for example: Fula: Boubou (male), Kaftan (female)
Liberia – Dashiki suit and Kufi (male), Buba and skirt set (female)
Mali – Grand boubou and Kufi (male), Kaftan (female)
Mauritania – Darra'a (male), Melhfa Sahraouia (female)
Niger – Babban riga, Tagelmust, Alasho (male), Kaftan (female)
Nigeria – Agbada, Dashiki or Isiagu and Aso Oke Hat (male), Buba and wrapper set (female)
Senegal – Senegalese kaftan and Kufi (male), Kaftan (female)
Togo - Batakari, Agbada or Ewe kente cloth (male), Pagne or kente kaba (female)
Asia
Central Asia
Tajikistan - Chapan, Tubeteika, Turban, Paranja
Turkic Countries:
Kazakhstan – Chapan, Kalpak (male), Saukele, Koylek (female)
Kyrgyzstan – Chapan, Kalpak (male), Saukele, Koylek (female)
Turkmenistan – Chapan
Uzbekistan – Khalat, Tubeteika, Chapan, Turban, Paranja
East Asia
China – Cheongsam and Changshan and Hanfu(de facto; each ethnic groups of China have their own traditional costume)
Han Chinese – Hanfu: Shenyi, ruqun, shanku
Manchus – Magua, Tangzhuang, Cheongsam and Changshan
Mongols – Deel
Uyghurs, Hui and other Chinese Muslims – Tubeteika, Khalat, Chapan
Tibetan – Chuba
Japan – Wafuku: Kimono, Junihitoe, Sokutai
Fukuoka Prefecture – Mizu happi and Shime-komi
Hokkaido – Ainu clothing
Ryukyu – /Ryusou
Okinawa – Kariyushi shirt
Korea – Hanbok (South Korea)/Chosŏn-ot (North Korea)
Mongolia – Deel
Taiwan - Aboriginal groups in Taiwan conserve traditional indigenous styles; popular styles include Amis, Atayal, Bunun and Paiwan styles
North Asia
Russia (Urals, Siberian Federal District and Far Eastern Siberia) – Clothing of Siberian nationalities (Buryat, Yakut, Altai, etc.)
Buryatia - Deel
Tuva – Deel
South Asia
Afghanistan – Pashtun dress: Afghan cap, turban, Shalwar Kameez (male), Firaq partug, Burqa, Chador (veil) (female)
Bangladesh – Sherwani and Kurta (male), Sari and Long Skirt, Mexi, (female)
Bhutan – Gho (male) and Kira (female)
India – Achkan, Shalwar Kameez, Sherwani, Dhoti, Phiran, Churidar, Kurta, Turban (male) and Sari, Patiala salwar, Lehenga, Choli, Pathin (female)
Maldives – Dhivehi libaas (women) and Dhivehi mundu (men)
Nepal – Daura-Suruwal and Dhaka topi, (male) and Gunyou Cholo (female); Traditional Newar, Sunuwar, Rai, Limbu ([bakku, chuwa])clothing
Pakistan – Peshawari turban, Shalwar Kameez, Churidar (male), Shalwar Kameez and Dupatta (female), Punjabi turban
Sri Lanka – Kandyan sari (female)
Southeast Asia
Brunei – Baju Melayu, Songkok (male), Baju Kurung, Tudung (female)
Cambodia – Sampot, Apsara, Sabai, Krama, Chang kben
East Timor – Tais cloth clothing
Indonesia – (See: National costume of Indonesia). There are hundreds of types of folk costumes in Indonesia because of the diversity in the island nation. Each ethnic group of Indonesia have their own traditional costume;
Batak tribe: Ulos
Javanese people: Beskap, Batik shirt, Blangkon, Songkok, Sarong (male), Kebaya, Tudung, Sarong (female).
Malay people: Baju Melayu, Baju Kurung, Songket
Papua: Koteka
etc.
Laos – xout lao, suea pat, pha hang, pha biang, sinh
Malaysia – Baju Melayu and Songkok (male), Baju Kurung, Baju Kebarung (Kebaya/Kurung hybrid), Tudung (female); every state has its style of baju including a special baju for the Federal Territories.
Myanmar – Longyi, Gaung baung
Philippines – Barong (male) and Baro't saya; Maria Clara gown, Terno (female), Malong, Patadyong, Tapis, Salakot
Singapore:
Chinese Singaporeans - Hanfu, Cheongsam (female), Tangzhuang (male)，Changpao (male)
Indian Singaporeans - Sari (Female), Dhoti (Male), Kurta
Malay Singaporeans - Baju Melayu (Male), Baju Kurung (female), Sarong
Peranakans - Kebaya (female), Baju Lokchuan (male)
Thailand – Chut thai, Pha chung hang, Pha biang (both genders), Pha nung, Sinh, Thai Chakkri (female) Raj pattern, Suea Phraratchathan (male)
Vietnam – Việt phục: Áo giao lĩnh, Áo dài, Áo tứ thân, Áo bà ba, Áo ngũ thân
West Asia
Armenia - Armenian dress, Arkhalig, Arakhchin, Burka, Chokha, Kalpak, Papakha, Shalvar
Azerbaijan – Azerbaijani traditional clothing: Arkhalig, Chokha, Kelaghayi, Kalpak
Cyprus - Zimbouni (waistcoat) and Vraka (breeches) (men) and Saiya (formal festival dress) (women)
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - Cepken(Yelek)-Vest, Salta, Yazma, Potur, Boynuz Kemer
Israel – Sudra, Tanakhi sandals, Tembel hat, Yemenite Jewish clothes; Jewish religious clothing: Rekel, Bekishe, Tzitzit, Kippah, Tichel.
Iran – Chador, Turban, Thawb (Dishdasha/Kameez), Kurdish clothing, Zardozi, Battoulah
Iraq – Assyrian clothing, Keffiyeh, Hashimi Dress, Bisht, Dishdasha, Kurdish clothing, Agal, Bisht
Jordan – Keffiyeh, Bisht, Thawb, Bedouin clothing
Lebanon – Tantour, Labbade, Sherwal, Keffiyeh, Taqiyah
Kuwait – Dishdasha, Keffiyeh
Oman – Dishdasha, Khanjar, Keffiyeh
Palestine – The Arabic-speaking regions formerly part of Mandatory Palestine (Modern day Israel , West Bank , and the Gaza Strip ) have a specific design of a traditional costume, the thobe, not to be confused with the Arabian Peninsula men's garment of the same name, with those of Bethlehem and Ramallah being the most popular varieties. The Palestinian style of keffiyeh is regarded as a popular headdress and symbol of Palestinian identity.
Qatar – Thawb, Keffiyeh
Saudi Arabia – Thawb, Ghutrah, Agal, Bisht, Abaya, Jilbab, Niqab
Syria – Dishdasha, Sirwal, Taqiyah, Keffiyeh
Turkey - Kalpak, Yazma, Kaftan, Turban, Salvar, Çarık,Cepken-Yelek, Boynuz Kemer -Horn belt
United Arab Emirates – Kandura, Thawb, Abaya; older women would still wear the battoulah visor
Yemen – Thawb, Izaar, Turban, Jambiya, Niqab
Europe
Eastern Europe
Belarus – Slutsk stash, the national type of wimple (namitka)
Georgia – Chokha (Every region has its own specific design of Chokha), Papakha
Ossetia – Chokha
Russia – Bast shoes, Boyar hat, Ryasna, Sarafan, Kaftan, Kokoshnik, Kosovorotka, Ushanka, Valenki; (Sami) Gákti, Luhkka for colder weather
Caucasus republics (for example, Chechnya, North Ossetia-Alania and Adygea) – Chokha, Papakha, Ushanka in cold weather
Mordovia - Mordovian national costumes
Ukraine – National costumes of Ukraine: Vyshyvanka, Sharovary, Żupan, Ukrainian wreath
Central Europe
Austria - Each state has a specific design on national costume; the most famous is that of Tyrol, consisting of the characteristic Tyrolean tracht and dirndls.
Czech Republic – Kroje
Hungary – National costumes of Hungary
Poland – Czamara, Żupan, Kontusz, Rogatywka (National costumes of Poland)
Slovakia – Kroj (embroidered traditional dress)
Northern Europe
Denmark – Folkedragt
Faroe Islands – Føroysk klæði
Greenland – Anorak
Estonia –
Finland – Every region has its own specific design of national costume (kansallispuku, nationaldräkt). These vary widely. Many of them resemble Swedish costumes, but some take influences from Russian costumes as well. For the Sami in Finland, each place has its own Gákti or Luhkka for colder weather.
Iceland – Þjóðbúningurinn
Ireland – Aran sweater, Irish walking hat, flat cap, Grandfather shirt, Galway shawl, brogue, Irish stepdance costume
Latvia - Tautastērps
Lithuania - Tautinis kostiumas
Norway – Every county (including Svalbard, which isn't a county) has a designated style of folk costume, or Bunad; the most famous bunader come from Hardanger and Setesdal; Sami: Gákti, and for colder weather, Luhkka
Sweden – the traditional folkdräkt has been specific to the local region and varied from province to province but has since 1983 been supplemented by an official National Costume, Sverigedräkten, common for all; 18th century: Nationella dräkten; Sami: Gákti, Luhkka for colder weather
United Kingdom: Every constituent country has its own national costume.
England – English country clothing, Morris dance costumes, Flat cap, English clogs
Cornwall – Sou'wester hat, fisherman's smock, gansey, bal-maiden clothing, Cornish kilts and tartans
Lancashire – Lancashire shawl, English clogs
London – Pearly kings and queens
Northumbria - Maud, blue bonnet, Rapper dance costumes, Northumberland kilts and tartan
Southern England – Smock
Northern Ireland: Similar to the rest of Ireland.
Scotland – Highland dress: Kilt or trews, tam o'shanter or Balmoral bonnet, doublet, Aboyne dress, and brogues or ghillies.
Scottish Lowlands: Similar to Northumbria – Maud, blue bonnet
Wales – Traditional Welsh costume
Southern Europe
Albania – Albanian Traditional Clothing, Fustanella, Tirq, Xhamadan, Opinga
Andorra – Barretina, espadrilles
Bulgaria – Every town has its own design of a national costume (nosia), with different types of clothing items traditional for each of the ethnographic regions of the country.
Croatia – Croatian national costume, Lika cap, Šibenik cap
Greece – Fustanella, Breeches (Vraka), Amalia costume.
Greek fisherman's caps in many coastal villages by the Aegean sea.
Italy – Italian folk dance costumes; Roman clothing: Toga, Stola
South Tyrol – Tracht and Dirndl
Sardinia – Every town has its design of the traditional folk costume (see also Sardinian people for more information).
Sicily – Coppola, Arbereshe costumes
Kosovo – Traditional clothing of Kosovo, Qeleshe, Tirq, Xhubleta, Xhamadan, Opinga
Malta – Għonnella
Montenegro – Montenegrin cap
North Macedonia – Macedonian national costume
Portugal – Every region has its own specific design of a national costume. The most famous costumes come from Viana do Castelo and Nazaré.
Romania – Romanian dress
Serbia – Every region has different design of a national costume. Serbian traditional clothing, Lika cap, Montenegrin cap, Opanci, Šajkača, Šubara
Slovenia – Gorenjska narodna noša
Spain – Every autonomous region has its own national costume.
Andalusia - Sombrero cordobes, traje de flamenca, traje de luces, montera
Basque Country – Beret, espadrilles
Canary Islands - Every island has its specific style of traditional dress. Néstor Martín-Fernández de la Torre designed a costume in Gran Canaria in 1934 to serve as pan-islander costume for all islands, but only caught on in Gran Canaria, being specific to its capital city Las Palmas.
Catalonia - Barretina, Faixa
Galicia - Each province has its regional costume.
Western Europe
Belgium – Bleu sårot (Wallonia)
France – Every administrative region has a style of folk costume, varying by department. For example, Brittany, with Breton costume varying by department and predominantly used in Cercles celtiques, pardons and festivals.
Basque Country – Beret, espadrille
Germany – Every state has its own specific design of a national costume (Tracht). For example, Bavaria's well-known tracht: Lederhosen and Dirndl.
Liechtenstein – Tracht, Dirndl
Netherlands – Many areas, villages and towns used to have their own traditional style of clothing. In the 21st century, only a few hundred people still wear the traditional dresses and suits on a daily basis. They can be found mainly in Staphorst (about 700 women), Volendam (about 50 men) and Marken (about 40 women). Most well-known parts of Dutch folk costumes outside the Netherlands are probably the Dutch woman's bonnet and klompen.
North Brabant – poffer
Switzerland - Every canton has a specific design of national dress. The most famous Swiss costumes come mainly from the German-speaking cantons of Appenzell, Bern and Zug.
North America
Caribbean
Antigua and Barbuda – plaid dress, with white pinafore for women, designed by Heather Doram
Bahamas - None, unofficially Androsia-cloth clothing. Junkanoo costumes can be considered folk costume but fall more into the sector of carnival dress than traditional garment.
Cuba – Guayabera, panama hat (male), guarachera (female)
Dominican Republic – Chacabana, panama hat
Dominica – Madras
Haiti – Karabela dress (female), Shirt jacket (male)
Jamaica – Bandanna cloth Quadrille dress (female), Bandanna cloth shirt and white trousers (male), Jamaican Tam
Puerto Rico – Guayabera, panama hat (male), enaguas (female)
St. Lucia – Madras
Trinidad and Tobago – Tobago has an Afro-Tobagonian Creole culture with the Bélé costumes as their typical garment, commonly made of madras. Trinidad, however, has no defined national garment; the two major ethnic groups in the island wear the following during cultural occasions:
Afro-Trinidadians - Shirt jacket or Dashiki (male), Booboo (female)
Indo-Trinidadian - Kurta, Dhoti, Sherwani (male), Sari, Choli, Lehenga (female)
Central America
Belize – Mestizos - Huipil (female), Guayabera (male); Mayas - All tribes wear distinct kinds of Mayan dress.
Guatemala – Huipil, Corte skirt, Tocado (female), Todosantero suit (male)
Nicaragua – Huipil, Rebozo (female), Cotona (male)
Panama – Pollera (female), Montuno (male)
Northern America
Bermuda – Bermuda shorts
Canada:
First Nations – button blanket, buckskins, moccasins, Chilkat blanket, Cowichan sweater, war bonnet. Many communities prefer the word "Regalia" to denote their folk dress.
Lumberjacks of Quebec and Ontario – Traditional logging wear includes mackinaw jackets or flannel shirts, with headgear being a tuque or trapper hat; a good example is seen with folk characters like Big Joe Mufferaw.
Maritimes – Acadians wear their traditional heritage clothing on special occasions like the Tintamarre. The Scottish background in Nova Scotia has brought the Nova Scotia tartan as folk wear in the form of kilts, aboyne dresses and trews for Scottish highland dance competitions.
Métis – Ceinture fléchée, Capote, Moccasins
Newfoundland - Traditional mummers dress in masks and baggy clothes in Christmas season celebrations; the Cornish influence has also brought yellow oilskins and sou'westers as typical wear in coastal areas.
Nunavut and other Inuit communities – Parka, mukluks, amauti
Prairies – Western wear is common on events such as the Calgary Stampede; often worn with Calgary White Hats.
Quebec and French Canadians – Ceinture fléchée, Capote, tuque
Mexico – Charro outfit, Guayabera, Sarape, Sombrero (male), Rebozo, China Poblana dress (female); every state has a typical folk dress, for example:
Chiapas – Chiapaneca
El Norte – cowboy hats, cowboy boots, bandanna; indigenous communities, like the Yaqui, Seri and Rarámuri, conserve traditional apparel.
Oaxaca: Tehuana
Querétaro, Hidalgo and San Luis Potosí - Quechquemitl
Tamaulipas Cuera tamaulipeca
Veracruz - Guayabera
Yucatán – Guayabera (male), Huipil (female)
United States:
Alaska – Kuspuks, worn with dark pants and mukluks, as well as parkas are traditional native wear.
Hawaii – Aloha shirt, Muumuu, Holokū, Pāʻū (skirt; can be made of kapa cloth or grass; modern variations are textile cloth-based with Hawaiian leaf and flower motifs), Malo (loincloth)
American Southwest, Texas and rural areas in the Midwestern and Western US – Western wear, derived from original Mexican vaquero and American pioneer garb is traditional dress in Texas, the Southwestern US, and many rural communities, including cowboy hats, Western shirts, cowboy boots, jeans, chaps, prairie skirts, and bolo ties.
Utah – Mormons may dress in 19th-century pioneer clothing for Mormon trek-related activities and events.
American Upper Midwest, Pacific Northwest, the northern portions of the Great Lakes Basin and northern New England (especially Maine) – Due to the cold weather, the garb in rural areas tends to more closely adhere to heavier materials, such as flannel shirts or Buffalo plaid mackinaw jackets, and a knit cap or, in the case of the Upper Peninsula, a Stormy Kromer cap. A good example is seen in the typical attire of Paul Bunyan, a folk hero popular in areas where logging was a common occupation, as well as lumberjacks working in the area.
The Amish (mostly found in Pennsylvania, Ohio and Indiana) follow a style of plain dress.
Deep South –
Louisiana – The Cajun people of Louisiana traditionally wear the colorful capuchon for Mardi Gras celebrations. Creole women used to historically wear the tignon, mostly in plain or madras fabrics, but it is now sometimes worn for heritage events or cultural reasons.
South Carolina and Georgia – Gullah communities in the South Carolina Lowcountry and Sea Islands preserve the traditional African-style clothing and culture.
Nantucket – Summer residents of Nantucket will often wear Nantucket Reds.
Various styles of Native American clothing; for example, traditional pow-wow regalia for Plains Indians: Moccasins, buckskins, glass beads, breech clouts, and war bonnets or roaches.
New York – According to folklorist Washington Irving, knickerbockers similar to the breeches of the Pilgrims and Founding Fathers were traditionally worn by many wealthy Dutch families in 19th century New York. Historically, these short pants remained commonplace among young urban American boys until the mid 20th century.
Patriotic historic European-American costume, especially in the Northeastern United States, includes clothing styles of the Plymouth Pilgrims, Founding Fathers of the United States, William Penn, or Minutemen. (See .)
Oceania
Australia and New Zealand
Australia
Aboriginal Australians: fibercraft-made clothing, possum cloak
European Australians: cork hat, bushwear: Moleskin trousers, bush shirt, Akubra slouch hat, Driza-Bone coat, Australian work boots
Torres Strait Islands – Augemwalli
New Zealand
Māori – Piupiu, korowai or kakahu huruhuru.
New Zealand Europeans - Swanndri bush jacket, slouch hat, walk shorts, and knee-high socks; or a black singlet and rugby shorts.
Melanesia
Fiji – Sulu, Tapa cloth (called masi), I-sala
New Caledonia – Manou, Robes mission
Papua New Guinea – Meri blaus, lap-lap, Koteka
Vanuatu – Aelan dress, Lap-lap
Micronesia
Federated States of Micronesia - Lap-lap (male), Grass skirt (female)
Palau - Lap-lap (male), Grass skirt (female)
Polynesia
Cook Islands – Pareo
French Polynesia – Pareo
Samoa – Lavalava, Puletasi, 'ie toga clothing
Tonga – Tupenu, Ta'ovala, Tapa cloth
South America
Argentina – Gaucho costume; every province has a specific design of poncho, with the poncho salteño being the most recognized.
Bolivia – Poncho, Chullo, Andean pollera
Brazil – Each region has its own traditional costume.
Bahia – Baiana and Abadá
Brazilian carnival or Samba costumes for Rio de Janeiro.
Caipiras (Brazilian country folk) in Sao Paulo, Goiás and other nearby states conserve traditional folk styles of clothing, imitated by participants of festa juninas.
Gaúcho costumes for Rio Grande Do Sul.
Indigenous clothes for many states within the Amazônia Legal area
Northeastern sertão (desert) – Vaqueiro or Cangaceiro clothing
Chile – Huaso costume: Chamanto, Chupalla
Colombia – Sombrero Vueltiao, ruana, white shirt, trousers and alpargatas (male), blouse, Cumbia pollera, Sombrero vueltiao and alpargatas (female); every region has a distinct costume.
Ecuador – Poncho, Panama hat
Guyana - Guyana is unique among South American nations to not have a designated style of national dress. Every ethnic group wears their cultural clothing during important events or occasions:
Afro-Guyanese - Dashiki or Shirt jacket (male), Booboo (female)
Indo-Guyanese - Kurta, Sherwani, Churidar (male), Sari, Lehenga (female)
Every indigenous tribe wears their tribal clothes during culture events or important occasions.
Paraguay – Ao po'i
Peru – Chullo, Poncho, Andean pollera
Suriname – Kotomisse, Pangi cloth
Uruguay – Gaucho costume
Venezuela – Llanero costume (Liqui liqui and pelo e' guama hat; men), Joropo dress and pelo e' guama hat (women)
Gallery
Africa
Asia
Europe
North America
Oceania
South America
Notes