Tell Agrab

Tell Agrab (or Aqrab) is a tell or settlement mound southeast of Eshnunna in the Diyala region of Iraq. It is about 15 miles southeast of Tell Asmar, ancient Eshnunna.
History
Tell Agrab was occupied during the Jemdet Nasr and Early Dynastic periods through the Akkadian and Larsa periods. It was during the Early Dynastic period that monumental building occurred, including
the Shara Temple. There is no evidence that it was occupied after the end of the third millennium BC.
Archaeology
The site of Tell Agrab is encompassed by a rectangle with a height of around . It was surrounded by a fortification wall made of plano-convex bricks and with defensive towers every 19 meters. Though it had been subject to illegal digging earlier with materials from there appearing with Baghdad antiquities dealers, the site was officially excavated between 1935 and 1937 by a team from the Oriental Institute of Chicago which was also working at Eshnunna, Khafajah and Tell Ishchali during that time. The dig was led by Seton Lloyd. The primary excavation effort was on the large Early Dynastic temple consisting of a main sanctuary with altar and offering table and two smaller subsidiary sanctuaries on the same plan The temple was believed by the excavators to be dedicated to Shara based on a stone bowl fragment inscription "To Shara has Anunu, foreman of (yeo)men, presented (this) as a gift.". However, subsequent research suggests that it may have belonged to a local deity, Iluma'tim, while the name dLAGABxIGI-gunû from the bowl fragment, formerly read as Shara, might instead be Ishara, which according to Gianni Marchesi and Nicolo Marchetti is more plausible in the light of the distribution of cult centers of these two deities. Only the western end of the temple was studied, the rest being badly eroded. The temple was about square and was surrounded by a wall wide with large supporting buttresses. The presence of sling stones and a sappers tunnel indicated an attack in the Early Dynastic era. Aside from a number of treasure caches, cylinder seals, and a sculptured mace-head of gypsum ornamented with lions' head found, the most notable find was a copper chariot pulled by four onagers, one of the earliest examples known. Three cuneiform tablets in Old Akkadian were also found as well as "two small bronze statuettes of men and one of a woman (all with inlaid eyes of mother of pearl)" as well as tools and weapons made of bronze and the remains of a copper statue that would have originally been 4/5 life size.
Gallery
See also
Cities of the ancient Near East
References
Further reading
Pinhas Delougaz, Harold D. Hill, and Seton Lloyd, "Private Houses and Graves in the Diyala Region", Oriental Institute Publications 88, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1967
Henri Frankfort, "Revelations of Early Mesopotamian Culture. New Discoveries at Tell Agrab; An Ass-drawn Chariot, and Art Relics from an Early Dynastic Temple with indications of Bull-worship and Connections with Ancient India," The Illustrated London News, November 6, pp. 792-95 and col. pl. I, 1937
Gonçalves, Vera, and Isabel Gomes de Almeida, "The Divine Feminine in Mesopotamia: the rosette/star and the reed bundle symbols in early Diyala’s glyptic (c. 3100-2600 BC)" Images, in Perceptions and Productions in and of Antiquity, pp. 156-176, 2923
Ch. P., "Les Fouilles de Tell-Agrab", Revue Archéologique, vol. 11, pp. 88–90, 1938
L., “A Female Clay Figurine from Tell Agrab (Iraq) in the Vatican Museum,” Direzi-one dei Musei Stato della Città del Vaticano, vol.22, pp. 1–11, 2002
External links
Pedestalled Cup from Shara Temple - Oriental Institute
Tell Agrab items possibly lost from Baghdad Museum
Populated places disestablished in the 3rd millennium BC
1936 archaeological discoveries
Agrab
Agrab
Tells (archaeology)
Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)