PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
ليشمانيا مدارية

ليشمانيا مدارية
الليشمانيا المدارية نوع من الطفيليات المسوّطة من جنس الليشمانيا، أحد مسببات داء الليشمانيات الجلدي عند البشر. ينتقل عن طريق لدغة الفاصدة السرجنتية، وهي حشرة من جنس الفواصد.
الوبائيات
تنتشر الليشمانيا المدارية في الشرق الأوسط وآسيا الوسطى وبعض مناطق أفريقيا. الإنسان هو المستودع الطبيعي المثبت الوحيد لهذا الطفيلي.
المراجع
أنواع وصفت في 1903
طلائعيات طفيلية
مثقبيات
Isaac Díaz

Isaac Díaz
Isaac Alejandro Díaz Lobos (born 24 March 1990) is a Chilean professional footballer who plays as a striker for Primera B side Deportes Copiapó.
Career
In December 2019, Díaz returned to Mexico and joined Ascenso MX club Cafetaleros, the club he also played for in 2016.
On 2021 season, he returned to Chile and joined Primera B side Deportes Iquique.
Honours
Universidad de Chile
Copa Chile: 2012–13
Puebla
Supercopa MX: 2015
References
External links
1990 births
Living people
People from Llanquihue Province
Sportspeople from Los Lagos Region
Chilean men's footballers
Chilean expatriate men's footballers
Huachipato FC footballers
Trasandino de Los Andes footballers
Naval de Talcahuano footballers
Ñublense footballers
Club Universidad de Chile footballers
Chiapas F.C. footballers
Club Puebla players
Cafetaleros de Chiapas footballers
Club Sol de América footballers
Everton de Viña del Mar footballers
Cancún F.C. footballers
Deportes Iquique footballers
Deportes Copiapó footballers
Chilean Primera División players
Tercera División de Chile players
Primera B de Chile players
Liga MX players
Ascenso MX players
Paraguayan Primera División players
Liga de Expansión MX players
Men's association football forwards
Expatriate men's footballers in Mexico
Expatriate men's footballers in Paraguay
Chilean expatriate sportspeople in Mexico
Chilean expatriate sportspeople in Paraguay
Joseph Kastein

Joseph Kastein
Josef Kastein (6 October 189013 June 1946), was a German-born writer and jurist.
Biography
Julius Katzenstein (later Josef Kastein) was born in Germany. In 1926 he moved to Ascona, Switzerland. In 1935, he immigrated to Mandatory Palestine and settled in Tel Aviv.
In 1931, his book Eine Geschichte der Juden was published by Rowohlt Verlag in Berlin (and later translated into English, Hebrew and Dutch).
According to Douglas Reed, Kastein was a "zealous Zionist historian... who holds that the Old Testament was in fact a political programme, drafted to meet the conditions of a time, and frequently revised to meet changing conditions.... and that the Law laid down in the Old Testament must be fulfilled to the letter."
A wide range of works by Kastein were published between 1918 and 1942, including poetry, novels, and essays. There has been a revival of interest in his writing in the twenty-first century, with his memoir Was es heißt, Jude zu sein : eine Kindheit in Bremen [What it means to be a Jew: a childhood in Bremen] published in 2004 and a new edition of one of his novels, Pik Adam, published in 2017.
The Leo Baeck Institute holds two archival collections relating to Kastein, one in New York and one in Jerusalem. Both collections have been digitized.
Published works
Pik Adam. Roman. Berlin: Th. Knaur Nachf., 1927.
Melchior. Ein hanseatischer Kaufmannsroman. Bremen, Friesen-Verlag, c1927.
The Messiah of Ismir: Sabbatai Zevi. Translated by Huntley Paterson. New York, Viking Press, c1931.
Eine Geschichte der Juden. Berlin, Ernst Rowohlt Verlag, 1931. (Reed. Vienna, Löwit, 1935).
Jews in Germany. Translated from the German by Dorothy Richardson, with a preface by James Stephens. London, The Cresset press, 1934.
Uriel da Costa, oder, Die Tragoedie der Gesinnung. Berlin, Rowohlt, 1932.
Juedische Neuorientierung. Vienna, R. Loewit, 1935.
History and destiny of the Jews. Translated by Huntley Paterson. Garden City, N.Y., Garden City publishing co., inc., 1936.
Was es heißt, Jude zu sein : eine Kindheit in Bremen [What it means to be a Jew: a childhood in Bremen]. Edited by Jürgen Dierking and Johann-Günther König. Bremen: Edition Temmen, 2004.
Pik Adam : Roman. Edited by Johann-Günther König. Bremen: Kellner Verlag, 2017.
References
External links
Personality of the Week – Katzenstein at www.bh.org.il
Maremagnum at www.maremagnum.com
Guide to the Papers of Josef Kastein (1890-1946) and Shulamith Kastein (1894-1983) at the Leo Baeck Institute, New York.
Jurists from Bremen (state)
German non-fiction writers
Writers from Bremen (city)
1890 births
1946 deaths
German male non-fiction writers
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to Mandatory Palestine
20th-century non-fiction writers
List of Austrian consorts

List of Austrian consorts
This is a list of the Austrian empresses, archduchesses, duchesses and margravines, wives of the rulers of Austria. The monarchy in Austria was abolished at the end of the First World War in 1918.
The different titles lasted just a little under a millennium, 976 to 1918.
Margravine of Austria
House of Babenberg
Duchess of Austria
House of Babenberg
Interregnum
House of Habsburg
Albertinian Line
Albert III received the Archduchy of Austria, later called Lower Austria.
Leopoldinian line
Main line
Leopold III received the Duchies of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, the County of Tyrol and Further Austria.
In 1406, the Leopoldinian lines split their territories:
Ernestine line
The Ernestine line received the Duchies of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, also called Inner Austria:
Elder Tyrolean line
The Elder Tyrolean Line received Tyrol and soon also Further Austria. These territories were also called Upper Austria:
Claimant Duchesses
Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, claimed the Austrian territories and occupied Austria proper and Styria. Claiming the title "Duke of Austria", he resided in Vienna from 1485 to his death in 1490.
Archduchess of Austria
House of Habsburg
Lower Austria
Lower Austria (Austria proper) passed to Ferdinand's 1st son Maximilian:
Upper Austria
Upper Austria (Tyrol, Further Austria) passed to Emperor Ferdinand's 2nd son Ferdinand:
Inner Austria
Inner Austria ("Inner-Österreich") (Styria, Carinthia and Carniola) passed to Emperor Ferdinand's 3rd son Charles:
Reunited and redivided, again
The Austrian territories were reunited again by inheritance in 1619 under Ferdinand III, Archduke of Inner Austria, but in 1623 five years into the Thirty Years' War he had so much to do with, Ferdinand divided them yet again, when he made his younger brother Leopold, who had been governor over Upper Austria, Archduke of those territories.
Lower Austria
Lower Austria and Inner Austria remained with the elder line (Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor):
Upper Austria
Upper Austria passed to the Younger Tyrolean Line:
United again
The Austrian territories were conclusively reunited in 1665 under:
House of Habsburg-Lorraine
Archduchess of Austria-Este
Empress of Austria
House of Habsburg-Lorraine
See also
List of Holy Roman Empresses (813/814-1804)
List of German queens
List of Italian queens
List of Burgundian consorts
List of Hungarian consorts
List of Bohemian consorts
References
Austrian
Austrian
Austrian
Consorts
راينر بارزيل

راينر بارزيل (20 حزيران / يونيو 1924 - 29 آب / أغسطس 2006) كان سياسي ألماني ينتمي إلى الاتحاد الديمقراطي المسيحي. شغل منصب رئيس البوندستاغ الألماني من عام 1983 حتى 1984.
روابط خارجية
مراجع
أشخاص من شرق بروسيا
أعضاء البوندستاغ من ولاية شمال الراين-وستفاليا
الحاصلون على وسام الاستحقاق البافاري
الطيارون الألمان في الحرب العالمية الثانية
رومان كاثوليك ألمان
سياسيو الاتحاد الديمقراطي المسيحي
مواليد 1924
وزراء حكومة ألمانيا
وفيات 2006
أعضاء بوندستاغ 1957–1961
أعضاء بوندستاغ 1961–1965
أعضاء بوندستاغ 1972–1976
أعضاء بوندستاغ 1965–1969
أعضاء بوندستاغ 1976–1980
أعضاء بوندستاغ 1969–1972
أعضاء بوندستاغ 1983–1987
أعضاء بوندستاغ 1980–1983
رؤساء بوندستاغ
أعضاء في بوندستاغ 1965–1969
أعضاء في بوندستاغ 1976–1980
أعضاء في بوندستاغ 1969–1972
Tasian culture

Tasian culture
The Tasian culture is possibly one of the oldest-known Predynastic culture in Upper Egypt, which evolved around 4500 BC. It is named for the burials found at Deir Tasa, a site on the east bank of the Nile located between Asyut and Akhmim. There is no general agreement about the proposed "Tasian culture", and some scholars since Baumgartel in 1955 have suggested it is a part of the Badarian culture, rather than a separate entity.
The Tasian culture group is notable for producing the earliest black-topped pottery, a type of red and brown pottery, which has been painted black on its top and interior. This pottery is vital to the dating of the various predynastic Egyptian civilizations. Since all dates for the Predynastic period are tenuous at best, Flinders Petrie developed a system called Sequence Dating through which the relative date, if not the absolute date, of any given Predynastic site can be ascertained by examining the handles on pottery.
As the Predynastic period in ancient Egypt progressed, the handles on pottery evolved from functional to ornamental, and the degree to which any given archaeological site has functional or ornamental pottery can be used to determine the relative date of the site. Since there is little difference between Tasian and Badarian pottery, the Tasian Culture overlaps the Badarian place on the scale between Sequence Dating 21 and 29 significantly.
Excavations of Tasian burials have yielded a number of skeletons. The fossils are generally taller and more robust than later predynastic Egyptian specimens. In this regard, the Tasian skeletons are most similar to those associated with the Merimde culture. Furthermore, although the Tasian crania are dolichocephalic (long-headed) like many of the other predynastic skulls, they have a large and wide vault like the Merimde crania. Skulls excavated from Badarian, Amratian, and Natufian sites tend instead to be smaller and narrow.
Archaeological evidence has suggested that the Tasian and Badarian Nile Valley sites were a peripheral network of earlier African cultures that featured the movement of Badarian, Saharan, Nubian, and Nilotic populations. Bruce Williams, Egyptologist, has stated "The Tasian Period is significantly related to the Neolithic of Sudanese-Saharan tradition as found just north of Khartoum and near Dongola in Sudan".
References
External links
Tasian - digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk
Predynastic Egypt
5th millennium BC
Archaeological cultures in Egypt
Upper Egypt
أنجولار جي إس

أنجولار جي إس (الشائع الإشارة لها بـ "Angular") هو إطار عمل تطبيقات ويب مفتوح المصدر محفوظ لجوجل ومجتمع من المطورين الأفراد والشركات. أنشئ هذا الإطار لمعالجة العديد من التحديات التي يواجهها تطوير تطبيقات الصفحة-الواحدة. وتهدف إلى تبسيط كل من تطوير واختبار هذه التطبيقات من خلال توفير إطار من جانب العميل (client-side framework) بمعماريات نمط-عرض-متحكم (MVC) ونمط عرض-النموذج (MVVM)، جنبا إلى جنب مع المكونات التي يشاع استخدامها في تطبيقات الإنترنت الغنية.
يعمل AngularJS اولاً من خلال قراءة صفحة لغة ترميز النص الفائق، التي تكمن فيها سمات ووسوم اضافية. Angular تفسر هذه الخواص على انها توجيهات لربط أجزاء مدخلات أو مخرجات من الصفحة إلى النموذج الذي يمثله متغيرات جافا سكريبت القياسية. قيم متغيرات جافا سكريبت هذه يمكن تعيينها يدويا ضمن الكود، أو استرجاعها من JSON resources ثابتة أو متغيرة.
وفقا لتحليلات خدمة جافاسكربت Libscore فإن هذا الإطار يستخدم في مواقع NBC, Walgreens, Intel, Sprint, ABC News ، وحوالي 8400 موقع آخر من مليون تم اختباره في يوليو 2015.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أجاكس
إطارات عمل جافا سكريبت
برمجيات 2010
برمجيات تستخدم رخصة إم أي تي
برمجيات جوجل
مكتبات جافا سكريبت
RFXAP

RFXAP (Regulatory factor X associated protein) هوَ بروتين يُشَفر بواسطة جين RFXAP في الإنسان.
الوظيفة
الأهمية السريرية
المراجع
قراءة متعمقة
جينات على كروموسوم 13
إيدلسان (إدلسان)

إيدلسان (إدلسان)
إيدلسان هي إحدى مشيخات المملكة المغربية، تتبع جغرافيا لإقليم ورززات وإداريًا لإدلسان. يقدر عدد سكانها بـ 2977 نسمة حسب الإحصاء الرسمي للسكان والسكنى لسنة 2004.
مراجع
انظر أيضا
قائمة مدن المغرب
أماكن مأهولة في إدلسان
Luke Boden

Luke Boden (born 26 November 1988) is an English retired professional footballer who is currently an assistant coach for the Rollins College men's soccer team.
Career
England
Boden made his breakthrough when still a Sheffield Wednesday academy player. He was called up to the senior squad at the start of the 2006–07 season to ease the club's injury problems. He made his debut when he came on as a substitute in the Championship game at Plymouth Argyle on 19 August 2006.
On 18 September 2008 he was loaned out to League Two side Chesterfield for a month. Boden made his debut in the Spireites' 1–2 defeat at Rochdale on 20 September 2008. He played four games for the Spireites before a short loan spell with Rushden & Diamonds.
On 27 August 2009, Boden joined League Two side Northampton Town on a one-month loan deal.
United States
Boden was released from his contract with Sheffield Wednesday by mutual consent on 26 January 2011, and subsequently moved to play in the United States. He signed a two-year contract with Orlando City of the USL Pro league on 23 February 2011, and made his debut for his new team on 16 April as a second-half substitute in a game against the Charlotte Eagles.
Boden was released by Orlando at the end of the 2016 season, and subsequently signed with USL side Tampa Bay Rowdies on 6 January 2017.
Boden joined the Rollins Tars coaching staff ahead of the 2018 season. He is an assistant coach and the recruiting coordinator.
Personal
Boden holds a U.S. green card which qualifies him as a domestic player for MLS roster purposes.
Honours
Orlando City
USL Pro (3): 2011,2012, 2014
USL Pro Playoffs (2): 2011, 2013
Individual
USL Pro Team of the Season (1): 2014
References
External links
Luke Boden player profile at swfc.co.uk
1988 births
Living people
English men's footballers
English expatriate men's footballers
Sheffield Wednesday F.C. players
Chesterfield F.C. players
Rushden & Diamonds F.C. players
Northampton Town F.C. players
Orlando City SC (2010–2014) players
Orlando City SC players
Orlando City B players
Tampa Bay Rowdies players
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
English Football League players
USL Championship players
Major League Soccer players
English expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Men's association football fullbacks
Major Arena Soccer League players
Orlando SeaWolves players
Men's association football midfielders
Rollins Tars coaches
College men's soccer coaches in the United States
Footballers from Sheffield
Ali Sadek Abou-Heif

Ali Sadek Abou-Heif is an Egyptian lawyer and a human rights scholar, described as one of the leading specialists in international public law and human rights in Egypt and more generally in the Arab world. He was Professor of International Public Law at the University of Alexandria. He was awarded the UNESCO Prize for Human Rights Education in 1981.
References
20th-century Egyptian lawyers
Living people
Egyptian human rights activists
Academic staff of Alexandria University
Year of birth missing (living people)
بلدة ألين (مقاطعة دارك)

بلدة ألين (مقاطعة دارك)
بلدة ألين هي واحدة من عشرين بلدة في مقاطعة دارك، أوهايو، الولايات المتحدة. وجد تعداد عام 2010، 1098 شخصًا في البلدة، 687 منهم يعيشون في الأجزاء غير المدمجة من البلدة.
الاسم والتاريخ
تم تنظيم البلدة في مارس 1839. تم بناء أول مدرسة في البلدة عام 1840، وكانت الكنيسة الأولى لجماعة إنجيلية.
المراجع
روابط خارجية
موقع المقاطعة
بلديات أوهايو
جغرافيا أوهايو
ضواحي مدن في مقاطعة دارك (أوهايو)
ميشيل لينتز

ميشيل لينتز (Michel Lentz) (1820 – 1893) هو شاعر لوكسمبورغي. يعتبر من أهم الشخصيات في الأدب اللوكسمبورغي بجانب كل من ديكس وميشيل رودانج.
وهو الشاعر الذي كتب النشيد الوطني للوكسمبورغ «وطننا» Ons Heemecht.
دفن في مقبرة ليمبرتسبرغ، وبعد موت إدموند دو لافونتين الشهير بديكس، وهو شاعر شهير أيضا، تمت إقامة نصب تذكاري هو نصب ديكس ولينتز في ميدان بلاس دارم في مدينة لوكسمبورغ.
وكان لينتز شاعرا وطنيا في المقام الأول.
مراجع
أشخاص من لوكسمبورغ (مدينة)
شعراء
شعراء القرن 19
شعراء لوكسمبورغيون
كتاب أناشيد وطنية
كتاب في القرن 19
كتاب لوكسمبورغيون
كتاب لوكسمبورغيون في القرن 19
كتاب من مدينة لوكسمبورغ
لوكسمبورغيون في القرن 19
مواليد 1820
مواليد في لوكسمبورغ (مدينة)
وفيات 1893
وفيات في لوكسمبورغ (مدينة)
Hyphaene dichotoma

Hyphaene dichotoma is a species of palm tree in the family Arecaceae.
It is found in India and Sri Lanka.
It is threatened by habitat loss.
It also widely found in most parts of East Africa and in very healthy populations, The tree's nuts are also a common eaten wild nut for almost all the areas it grows in.
Hyphaene dichotoma is no where close to being threatened by habitat loss in this parts of Africa especially Kenyan Coast as in some places it forms an almost entire forest.
References
dichotoma
Flora of India (region)
Trees of Sri Lanka
Near threatened plants
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
سياحة رياضية

سياحة رياضية
السياحة الرياضية هي نوع جديد ينحدر من كلا الناحيتين الناحية السياحية والناحية الرياضية . بالنسبة للناحية السياحية فهو طريقة جديدة لجدولة السياحة ولكن بشكل رياضي فبالنسبة للسياحة الرياضية .. فهي تعني الذهاب إلى بلد ما للقيام بممارسة نوع معين من الرياضة إما أنها موجودة فقط في ذلك البلد أو من يشابهه أو بسبب الرغبة في الذهاب إلى هذا البلد أولا بسبب أنه هو البلد المختار للسياحة وثانيا للعب وممارسة الرياضة المطلوبة في نفس البلد .. وكمثال عليها فمن يذهب إلى بلاد الثلج القارص من السياحة أن يذهب للتزلج على الجليد أو التزلج على الثلج. ولا تقتصر السياحة الرياضية على ممارسة الرياضة فقط فهناك من يهوى المشاهدة مثلا السفر لبلد ما لحضور مقابلة أو منازلة في رياضة معينة فبالتالي تعتبر سياحة .
مراجع
أنواع السياحة
ثقافة رياضات
Samuel T. Douglass

Samuel T. Douglass (February 14, 1814 – March 5, 1898) was an American lawyer and jurist. He served as a justice of the Michigan Supreme Court.
Early life and education
Douglass was born in Wallingford, Vermont, on February 28, 1814. His family moved to Fredonia, New York, and Douglass was educated at Fredonia Academy there. He studied law in the office of James Mullet (who was judge of the Supreme Court of New York).
Career
Douglas came to Detroit in 1837, and was admitted to the bar the same year. With the exception for a brief time in Ann Arbor, Douglass spent the next fifty years in Detroit as a practicing lawyer and judge. In 1849, Douglass became law partners with James V. Campbell, also later a justice of the Michigan Supreme Court. He married Campbell's sister, Elizabeth, in 1856.
In 1845, Douglass was appointed reporter of decisions of the Michigan Supreme Court; he served in that position until resigning in 1849. Douglass was reporter when the first two volumes of the Michigan Reports were published, covering 1843 to 1847. Douglass served as judge of the Wayne County Circuit Court and the Michigan Supreme Court from 1851 until 1857.
A separate Michigan Supreme Court was created in 1857, and Douglass was nominated for justice by the Democratic Party. The Democrats were an extreme minority in the Michigan Legislature at the time, however, and James V. Campbell, Douglass' former law partner and brother-in-law, was appointed instead. In May 1857, Douglass resigned the circuit judgeship and returned to private practice.
Douglass was a lover of nature and an amateur naturalist. In 1860 he built a home and farm on Grosse Ile in the Detroit River. Douglass took part in several trips to explore the Upper Peninsula of Michigan at a time when the area remained remote and almost entirely unsettled.
Douglass died on the afternoon of March 5, 1898.
Notes
1814 births
1898 deaths
People from Wayne County, Michigan
People from Fredonia, New York
People from Wallingford, Vermont
Michigan lawyers
New York (state) lawyers
Justices of the Michigan Supreme Court
19th-century American judges
19th-century American lawyers
جسر وانكسيان

جسر وانكسيان (صينية مبسطة: 万县长江大桥 ؛ صينية تقليدية: 萬縣長江大 ؛ بينيين: Wànxiàn Chángjiāng dàqiáo) هو جسر ذو شكل قوسي و مصنوع من الخرسانة المسلحة، و يقطع الجسر نهر يانغتسي بالقرب من مدينة تشونغتشينغ في الصين.
فتح الجسر أمام حركة المرور في 1997، و يكون قوسه محمل طوله 420 م، ويجعله بذلك الأكبر في العالم في صنفه (جسر قوسي من الخرسانة المسلحة) و أمام جسر كرك في كرواتيا (فتح في 1980 بمحمل طوله 390 متر).
وصف عام
الجسر هو جسر قوسي، طول محمله الرئيسي 420 متر (المسافة بين أقصى جوانب القوس) بينما الطول الإجمالي هو 856 متر.
جوهر استعمال الجسور القوسية هو الابتعاد قدر الإمكان عن بناء جسور كبيرة ذات ركائز ودعائم طولية وكذلك لتكلفة الجسر القوسي التي تكون عادة أقل من تكلفة جسر عادي.
في مرحلة الدراسة والتخطيط قبل تشييد الجسر تم اقتراح العديد من أنواع الجسور مثل الجسور المعلقة، و الجسور القوسية الحديدية، إلى جانب الجسور المشبكة. لذلك ولإعتبارات اقتصادية ولنوعية المكان، كان الحل الأنسب هو الجسر القوسي حتى لو تم الالتجاء للتكنولوجيا المعمارية الحديثة.
مقالات ذات صلة
تشونغتشينغ
جسر قوسي
قائمة الجسور المقوسة
مراجع
جسور اكتملت في سنة 1997
جسور في الصين
جسور في تشونغتشينغ
جسور قوسية
Andean guan

Andean guan
The Andean guan (Penelope montagnii) is a gamefowl species of the family Cracidae, in which it belongs to the guan subfamily Penelopinae. This bird occurs in the highlands (5,000 ft/1,500 m ASL and higher) of the Andes, from Venezuela and Colombia through Ecuador and Peru south to Bolivia and perhaps northwesternmost Argentina.
Description
These are medium-sized birds, measuring about in length and weighing about . They are long-bodied with thin necks and small heads, and similar in shape to turkeys but more slender and elegant. The plumage is overall brown with whitish edging to the feathers of the head, neck and chest. It has a red dewlap and reddish legs.
In the Conover Collection of the Field Museum, there is a hypopigmented female specimen of the subspecies atrogularis taken December 20, 1929, at Pucará (west Ecuador). The forehead, chin and upper throat retain the normal color and the hind part of the body is faintly barred pinkish-buff; otherwise the plumage is white. The iris color was not recorded, making it tough to determine whether this is a case of albinism or leucism. Leucism is more frequently seen in birds—particularly in such pronounced cases—, and hypopigmented cracids are rare in the first place. This particular bird has abraded feathers; prior to its death it seems to have been held in a cage for some time, presumably to show off such a rare specimen.
Ecology and status
They are inhabitants of cloud forest; the sightings of this cracid are often associated to the migrations of army ants which the bird usually follows. The nest is built in a tree, with a single egg each mating season. Two adults with a young were observed in Ecuador in late June.
Three of four birds of the nominate subspecies, collected on May 29 at the Balcones River near Guasca, were molting their tails. The tail molt starts at the outside and progresses inward, with the old rectrices being shed in alternating pairs.
The Andean guan is affected by habitat destruction, apparently unable to cope with deforestation, and is also hunted for food. However, the Andean guan has a vast range and is thus not globally threatened.
Given its altitudinal range, it might be affected by habitat fragmentation in the long term. There is little data on its overall population, but it occurs in several protected areas in its range. For example, it can be found in the Cocora valley in Quindío Department and the Quimbaya protected forest in Risaralda Department of Colombia, and the Yanacocha Reserve of Ecuador.
Footnotes
References
Blake, Emmet R. (1955): A collection of Colombian game birds. Fieldiana Zool. 37(5): 9-23. Fulltext at the Internet Archive
Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2006): Notes on breeding, behaviour and distribution of some birds in Ecuador. Bull. B.O.C. 126(2): 153–164.
Terres, John K. & National Audubon Society (NAS) (1980): The Audubon Society Encyclopedia of North American Birds. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
External links
BirdLife Data Factsheet
Andean guan
Andean guan
Birds of the Andes
Birds of the Northern Andes
Andean guan
Andean guan
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