Yinhe incident

Yinhe incident
The Yinhe incident occurred in 1993 after the United States government received intelligence that the China-based container ship Yinhe was carrying chemical weapon materials to Iran. The United States Navy forced the surrounding Middle Eastern countries to refuse docking rights to the Yinhe, leaving it in the international waters of the Indian Ocean for twenty-four days.
Additionally the Chinese claimed that the GPS of the ship was jammed such that the ship could not navigate. Eventually inspections of the ship's cargo by a joint Saudi-United States team concluded that the cargo ship did not contain any chemical weapons precursors. The U.S. government stated that there would be no apology, saying "the United States had acted in good faith on intelligence from multiple sources." Some American officials within the Clinton administration later raised the possibility of China having deliberately spread false intelligence in order to cause the incident, referring to it as a "sting".
The ship
The Yinhe was a Chinese container ship that ran on a fixed schedule between Tianjin Port and Kuwait. Its scheduled port visits included Shanghai, Hong Kong, Singapore, Jakarta, Dubai and Daman and Diu. The Yinhe belonged to the China Ocean Shipping Corporation.
Timeline
In late July 1993, the United States alleged that a Chinese civilian container ship, the Yinhe, was carrying chemical weapon materials to Abbas Harbor, Iran, citing a ship's manifest obtained by its Central Intelligence Agency. It stopped the Yinhe. The United States requested that the Yinhe turn back to China in order to unload its alleged cargo, but China refused after conducting an investigation and determining that no chemical weapon precursors were present on the ship. United States military vessels and aircraft followed the Yinhe, disrupting its normal travel route. The United States unilaterally disabled the Yinhe's civilian GPS, causing it lose direction and anchor on the high seas for twenty-four days until it agreed to inspection. The Yinhe experienced shortages of water and fuel.
On August 8, 1993, China publicly announced that the Yinhe was under "intrusive surveillance" by American warships in international waters—which American officials stated was a sign that China sought a confrontation—and declared officially that the ship did not carry any chemical weapons materials. The U.S. government dismissed the declaration, and a senior member of the Clinton administration initially stated that while it would be illegal for the United States to board the ship for inspection, the United States would continue efforts to persuade China to recall the ship.
On August 20, 1993, after being stuck for three weeks in international waters, the ship was allowed to "take on fuel and water ... to ensure the safety of the vessel and crew" after repeated requests from the shipping company. A ship registered to the United Arab Emirates brought fresh water, vegetables and fruits.
The ship docked at Dammam, Saudi Arabia on August 27, 1993. The next day, the United States and China agreed to an open inspection of the ship at the port, by a Saudi-United States joint team, following a preliminary boarding by seventeen Chinese and two Saudi officials. The inspection did not find any improper chemicals.
On September 4, the representatives of the Chinese, Saudi and United States governments jointly signed a certification that the ship's cargo did not contain materials related to chemical weapons.
Aftermath
American officials declined to apologize for the incident, instead describing it as "unfortunate." They indicated that they were discussing the issue of whether the United States was obligated to pay compensation to the ship owner, China Ocean Shipping Corporation. The United States also declined to respond to Chinese demands that US pay compensation for the incident.
When the accusations were reported in China, Chinese nationalism increased in response. The Chinese government attempted to downplay the issue by claiming that the accusation was not the official stance of the American government and did not represent the majority opinion in the United States. During a 2021 U.S. House hearing, a professor Joseph Fewsmith of the Department of International Relations of Boston University claimed that the Yinhe incident "has been repeatedly cited as a case of international bullying by the United States".
After the Yinhe incident, Chinese President Jiang Zemin expressed that China would adopt a diplomatic posture of goodwill and a "sixteen-characters formula" to working with the United States: enhancing confidence, avoiding troubles, expanding cooperation, and avoiding confrontation. Although Jiang was criticized by hardliners and some military officials domestically for the perceived "weak reaction," his accommodating approach helped improve China's relations with the United States.
When reporting on the BeiDou navigation system, the Chinese mainland media often mentioned the fact that the United States partially shut down the GPS navigation service in the sea area where the Yinhe was located during the Yinhe incident to force the Yinhe to stop sailing, as a reason "to develop an independent 'BeiDou' for China,” and also as the reason for “Sun Jiadong and Shen Rongjun, deputy director of the National Defense Science, Technology and Industry Commission, jointly signing a letter to propose the launch of China’s satellite navigation project”.
According to academics Joseph Yu-shek Cheng and Ngok King Lun, Chinese officials and the public generally viewed the Yinhe incident as a demonstration of US hegemonism. This view impacted the official and public perceptions of the Hainan island incident, which was largely viewed as subsequent hegemonic actions by the United States in a similar way to the Yinhe incident.
See also
China and weapons of mass destruction
United States bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade
References
1993 in China
1993 in international relations
1993 in the United States
China–United States relations
History of the Indian Ocean
International maritime incidents
Maritime incidents in 1993