PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
4086 Podalirius

4086 Podalirius is a large Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp, approximately in diameter. It was discovered on 9 November 1985, by Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Zhuravleva at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnij, on the Crimean peninsula. The assumed C-type asteroid belongs to the 40 largest Jupiter trojans and has a rotation period of 10.43 hours. It was named after the legendary healer Podalirius from Greek mythology.
Orbit and classification
Podalirius is a dark Jovian asteroid orbiting in the leading Greek camp at Jupiter's Lagrangian point, 60° ahead of its orbit in a 1:1 resonance (see Trojans in astronomy). It is also a non-family asteroid in the Jovian background population. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 4.6–5.9 AU once every 12 years and 1 month (4,406 days; semi-major axis of 5.26 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 22° with respect to the ecliptic.
The body's observation arc begins with its first observation as at McDonald Observatory in December 1951, nearly 34 years prior to its official discovery observation at Nauchnij.
Physical characteristics
Podalirius is an assumed C-type asteroid, the most common spectral type among Jupiter trojans after the D-types.
Rotation period
In May 1991, a rotational lightcurve of Podalirius was obtained by Stefano Mottola and Maria Gonano–Beurer using the ESO 1-metre telescope at La Silla Observatory in northern Chile. Lightcurve analysis gave a typical rotation period of 10.43 hours with a brightness variation of 0.13 magnitude.
In November 2008, photometric follow-up observations by Robert Stephens at his Goat Mountain Astronomical Research Station gave a divergent period of 14.51 hours and a low amplitude of 0.08, while in March 2013, Mottola's original result was confirmed by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory, California, measuring a period 10.436 hours and a brightness variation of 0.16 magnitude in the R-band.
Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite, the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Podalirius measures between 85.49 and 86.89 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.050 and 0.056. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0536 and a diameter of 86.89 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.1.
Naming
This minor planet was named from Greek mythology after the legendary healer Podalirius, who stopped a pestilence during the Trojan War as mentioned in Homer's Iliad. Podalirius is the son of Asclepius and Epione and brother of Hygieia, Machaon (who was also a physician) and Panacea.
The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 4 June 1993.
References
External links
Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info )
(4086) Podalirius, Dictionary of Minor Planet Names
Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
004086
Discoveries by Lyudmila Zhuravleva
Named minor planets
19851109
Poa trivialis

Poa trivialis (rough bluegrass; UK: rough-stalked meadow-grass or rough meadow-grass), is a perennial plant regarded in the US as an ornamental plant. It is part of the grass family.
Description
It is very common in meadows and pastures throughout Britain. Its preferred habitat is moist, sheltered places. Its herbage is plentiful and fairly nutritious, though not as much as Poa annua or Poa pratensis. It is useful for grazing on heavy and damp soil. It also copes well with the polluted atmosphere of towns and cities. It is in flower from June onwards throughout the summer.
It is often considered a weed of golf courses. It is an invasive species in the Great Lakes region and was first sighted in 1843.
It has short stolons. The leaves are broad and tapering, and the sheathes are very rough. It has shiny leaves like Lolium perenne and crested dog's-tail.
They have pointed ligules 4–10 mm (3/16 – 3/8 in.) long. Compare to annual meadow grass Poa annua which is silvery and pointed, and common meadow grass Poa pratensis which is short and blunt.
The roughish, slender stem grows 30 to 60 cm (1 to 2 ft.) high. Compare with smooth meadow grass Poa annua which has a smooth stem. The panicle is green and 15 cm (6 in.) long. The spikelets are egg-shaped.
It has a loose, whorled green panicle, much branched, 15 cm (6 in.) long.
It is also called Orcheston grass, after a village on Salisbury Plain.
Wildlife value
The food plant of the caterpillars of small heath (Coenonympha pamphilus), meadow brown (Maniola jurtina), gatekeeper (Pyronia tithonus) butterflies; common sun beetle (Amara aenea) – adults feed on the developing seeds, Eupelix cuspidata of the leafhopper family, and Myrmus miriformis a grassbug – feeds on young blades and developing seeds.
It is parasitised by grass mildew Blumeria graminis, which causes a white, powdery mildew on it.
Photos
References
The Observers Book of Grasses, Sedges and Rushes. Frances Rose. pp. 44–45
Natural England description on website
Grasses,Ferns, Mosses and Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland. Phillips, Roger. 1980. p. 65.
External links
Poa trivialis usda website
Poa trivialis website
Kew gardens grass database
GLANSIS Species FactSheet
trivialis
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Flora of Malta
إيفا ناديه غونزاليس

إيفا ناديه غونزاليس (2 سبتمبر 1987 ببوينس آيرس في الأرجنتين - ) هي لاعبة كرة قدم أرجنتينية في مركز قلب الدفاع، شاركت في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2008. وشاركت مع منتخب الأرجنتين لكرة القدم للسيدات. أما مع النوادي، فقد لعبت مع .
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
رياضيون من بوينس آيرس
لاعبات كأس العالم للنساء 2007
لاعبات كرة قدم أرجنتينيات
لاعبات منتخب الأرجنتين لكرة القدم للسيدات
لاعبو كرة قدم أرجنتينيون أولمبيون
لاعبو كرة قدم في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2008
لاعبو كرة قدم في دورة الألعاب الأمريكية 2007
لاعبو كرة قدم من بوينس آيرس
مدافعات مركزيات كرة قدم نسائية
منافسون في دورة الألعاب الأمريكية من الأرجنتين
مواليد 1987
Appraiser

Appraiser
An appraiser (from Latin appretiare, "to value") is a person that develops an opinion of the market value or other value of a product, most notably real estate.
The current definition of "appraiser" according to the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP) is: "One who is expected to perform valuation services competently and in a manner that is independent, impartial and objective." USPAP further comments on this definition: "Such expectation occurs when individuals, either by choice or by requirement placed upon them or upon the service they provide by law, regulation, or agreement with the client or intended users, represent that they comply."
To be a real property appraiser in the United States, an individual must be licensed as an appraiser by the state in which they practice. This real property appraisal license is based on a background investigation, an understanding of USPAP and compliance of all associated state laws and regulations. Appraisers of other assets, such as personal property appraisers or business appraisers, have no state licensing requirements.
The actual valuation service provided by appraisers typically involves development of an opinion of value based on one or more of three common methods for arriving at value:
sales comparison approach (SCA)
cost approach (CA)
income approach (IA)
Usage
In the United States, the most common usage relates to real estate and personal property appraisals, while the term is often used to describe a person specially appointed by a judicial or quasi-judicial authority to put a valuation on property, e.g. on the items of an inventory of the Tangible Property of an Estate (IRS law) of a deceased person or on land taken for public purposes by the right of eminent domain. Appraisers of imported goods and boards of general appraisers have extensive functions in administering the customs laws of the United States. Merchant appraisers are sometimes appointed temporarily under the revenue laws to value where there is no resident appraiser without holding the office of appraiser (U.S. Rev. Stats. § 2609).
See also
Auction
Valuation (finance)
References
Real estate valuation
Government occupations
Business occupations
Visual arts occupations
Home inspection
Valuation professionals
Embassy of Costa Rica, Washington, D.C.

Embassy of Costa Rica, Washington, D.C.
The Embassy of Costa Rica in Washington, D.C. is the diplomatic mission of Costa Rica to the United States. It is located at 2114 S Street Northwest, Washington, D.C. in the Kalorama neighborhood.
The embassy also operates Consulates-General in Atlanta, Austin, Texas, Chicago, Miami, New Orleans, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, Tampa, and New York City.
The ambassador is Catalina Crespo Sancho.
In 1974, the Embassy received one of the three pre-Columbian stone spheres of Costa Rica that came to the United States as part of an agreement that had been negotiated in 1971 between American art specialist Samuel Adams Green and the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica together with the Costa Rican Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Culture. The two larger spheres went to Fairmount Park in Philadelphia, where they were displayed in 1976 together with other monumental sculptures, before going into storage at the warehouses of the Fairmont Park Association. The one in Washington D.C. is displayed in the streetside yard of the Embassy building, as a symbol of national identity.
See also
Costa Rica – United States relations
References
External links
Official website
wikimapia
Costa Rica
Washington, D.C.
Costa Rica–United States relations
زهاو شي

زهاو شي (16 مارس 1993 بالصين - ) هو لاعب كرة قدم صيني في مركز حراسة المرمى. لعب مع نادي بكين سينوبو غوان.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية صينيون
حراس مرمى كرة قدم رجالية
لاعبو دوري السوبر الصيني
لاعبو الدوري الصيني لكرة القدم الدرجة الأولى
لاعبو كرة قدم صينيون
لاعبو نادي بكين غوان
مواليد 1993
Tetsuya (musician)

Tetsuya (musician)
is a Japanese musician, best known as the bandleader and bassist of the rock band L'Arc-en-Ciel. He was formerly known by the stage name tetsu and he started using his birth name professionally on December 1, 2009. While in L'Arc-en-Ciel his name is styled as tetsuya, whereas in his solo work it is styled as TETSUYA.
He also does backup vocals in L'Arc-en-Ciel and has composed many of the band's songs, including "Link", "Ready Steady Go", "Finale", "Driver's High", "Stay Away", "Pieces" and "Good Luck My Way". In 2001 he started a solo career under the name TETSU69 (1969 is his birth year). From 2005 to 2006 he was a support member of Morrie's solo project Creature Creature.
Playing style
Tetsuya plays with a melodic style. Many of L'Arc-en-Ciel's songs involve him playing counter melodies with guitarist Ken while still holding a groove with the drums. Tetsuya's composing can be seen as more "poppish" as compared to Ken's who has a heavier and sometimes bluesy approach. He frequently uses slides, hammer-ons, and pull-offs in his playing.
He plays with a pick most of the time, but uses finger style occasionally when the song calls for it, such as in "Winter Fall" , "Jojoushi" , "XXX" and "Mirai Sekai". In a few songs he can be heard using the slap style of playing, such as in the L'Arc songs "The Nepenthes" and "Twinkle, Twinkle". Tetsuya has also used distortion, such as in "Stay Away" and "Butterfly's Sleep".
Tetsuya primarily plays a 5 string bass since L'Arc-en-Ciel's 15th anniversary, but is known to occasionally use 6 strings. Such as in "Neo Universe", "Time Goes On", "Get Out from the Shell" where he plays lead melody. In "Perfect Blue" he used a 6 string baritone guitar (an electric guitar between the range of a bass and standard electric guitar). Tetsuya also uses a guitar/bass double neck in the song "Trust".
Even though Tetsuya is endorsed by ESP Guitars and has several signature models, he has used his Zon bass for most of his recording work. Tetsuya is an avid collector of basses and guitars, owning over 120 basses and more than 20 guitars.
Tetsuya now also endorses Lakland basses and his signature model is the US Series 55-69 tetsuya. He was seen using variations of this bass at the band's recent 20th anniversary concerts in aid of the great Japanese earthquake and tsunami tragedy.
Discography
Singles
EP
Albums
DVD / Blu-ray
Other releases
References
External links
TETSUYA Official website
L'Arc-en-Ciel members
Ki/oon Music artists
Japanese rock bass guitarists
Japanese male singer-songwriters
Japanese singer-songwriters
Japanese male rock singers
Visual kei musicians
Japanese alternative rock musicians
Musicians from Shiga Prefecture
1969 births
Living people
Male bass guitarists
James Edmund Boyd

James Edmund Boyd (February 14, 1845 – August 21, 1935) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina.
Education and career
Boyd was born in Alamance County, North Carolina, a child of Archibald J. Boyd and Margaret Wetherly Brannock. He served in the American Civil War as a private in the Confederate States Army (13th North Carolina Infantry and 1st North Carolina Cavalry). Boyd attended Davidson College and read law in 1868. He was in private practice of law in North Carolina from 1868 to 1880. He was a member of the North Carolina House of Representatives from 1874 to 1875 and was a delegate to the North Carolina Constitutional Convention in 1875. He was the United States Attorney for the Western District of North Carolina from 1880 to 1885. He was again in private practice of law in North Carolina from 1885 to 1897. He was a United States Assistant Attorney General from 1897 to 1900.
Boyd supervised the federal investigations into the Wilmington Insurrection of 1898 in North Carolina and the Phoenix Election Riot in South Carolina. No white person accused of killing black citizens was prosecuted in either state. The December 8 issue of the Wilmington Messenger reported that Boyd was arrested by federal agents and accused of membership in the Ku Klux Klan.
Federal judicial service
Boyd received a recess appointment from President William McKinley on July 11, 1900, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina vacated by Judge Hamilton G. Ewart. He was nominated to the same position by President McKinley on December 15, 1900. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 9, 1901, and received his commission the same day. On or about October 31, 1919, President Woodrow Wilson certified Boyd involuntarily as disabled in accordance with the act of February 25, 1919 which authorized the President to appoint an additional judge for the court and provided that no successor to the judge certified as disabled would be appointed. Judge Edwin Y. Webb was appointed to the additional judgeship authorized by the statute. Boyd continued to render a reduced level of service to the court. His service terminated on August 21, 1935, due to his death in Greensboro, North Carolina.
References
Sources
1845 births
1935 deaths
19th-century American lawyers
20th-century American judges
20th-century American lawyers
People from Alamance County, North Carolina
North Carolina lawyers
Judges of the United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina
United States federal judges appointed by William McKinley
Members of the North Carolina House of Representatives
United States Attorneys for the Western District of North Carolina
United States Assistant Attorneys General
Confederate States Army soldiers
Davidson College alumni
United States federal judges admitted to the practice of law by reading law
سان مارتن دهاردينهيم

سان مارتن دهاردينهيم هي بلدية تقع في إقليم باد كاليه من منطقة نور با دو كاليه في شمال فرنسا. تبلغ مساحة هذه المدينة 6.68 (كم²)، وترتفع عن سطح البحر 73 م، يبلغ عدد سكانها 308 نسمة حسب إحصاء المعهد الوطني للإحصاء والدراسات الاقتصادية سنة 2009 م. وترأس Louis Devulder البلدية خلال فترة (2008-2014).
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
* Les résultats des recensements de la population
بلديات باد كاليه
ليغا باسكيت الدرجة الأولى 2001–02

ليغا باسكيت الدرجة الأولى 2001–02 هو موسم من ليغا باسكيت الدرجة الأولى. أشرف على تنظيمه ، وفاز فيه تريفيزو لكرة السلة.
نتائج الموسم
مراجع
دوريات كرة سلة أوروبية في 2001-02
مواسم ليغا باسكيت الدرجة الأولى
2001–02 في كرة سلة إيطالية
Stade Jules Deschaseaux

Stade Jules Deschaseaux is a multi-purpose stadium in Le Havre, France. It is used mostly for football matches. The stadium is able to hold 16,400 people and was built in 1932.
It hosted one match at the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Czechoslovakia and the Netherlands.
In 2012, it was replaced by the newly constructed Stade Océane, the ground is now used by the rugby section of Havre Athlétique Club.
References
Jules Deschaseaux
1938 FIFA World Cup stadiums
Le Havre AC
Sports venues in Seine-Maritime
Multi-purpose stadiums in France
Buildings and structures in Le Havre
Sports venues completed in 1932
International Plant Names Index

International Plant Names Index
The International Plant Names Index (IPNI) describes itself as "a database of the names and associated basic bibliographical details of seed plants, ferns and lycophytes." Coverage of plant names is best at the rank of species and genus. It includes basic bibliographical details associated with the names. Its goals include eliminating the need for repeated reference to primary sources for basic bibliographic information about plant names.
The IPNI also maintains a list of standardized author abbreviations. These were initially based on Brummitt & Powell (1992), but new names and abbreviations are continually added.
Description
IPNI is the product of a collaboration between The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Index Kewensis), The Harvard University Herbaria (Gray Herbarium Index), and the Australian National Herbarium (APNI). The IPNI database is a collection of the names registered by the three cooperating institutions and they work towards standardizing the information. The standard of author abbreviations recommended by the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants is Brummitt and Powell's Authors of Plant Names. A digital and continually updated list of authors and abbreviations can be consulted online at IPNI.
The IPNI provides names that have appeared in scholarly publications, with the objective of providing an index of published names rather than prescribing the accepted botanical nomenclature.
See also
Plants of the World Online
The Plant List
Index Fungorum
Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database
References
External links
of the IPNI – searchable for plant name, author name, publication
Botany books
Botanical nomenclature
Databases in the United Kingdom
Online botany databases
Online taxonomy databases
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
عبد الرحمن رباح الكيالي

عبد الرحمن رباح الكيالي
عبد الرحمن رَباح الكَيّالي (1916 - 1998) أكاديمي ومؤرخ أدبي وشاعر فلسطيني. ولد في مدينة الرملة. درس المرحلتين الابتدائية والإعدادية في مدرستي الرملة ويافا والثانوية في الرملة ثم في معهد القاهرة الثانوي من 1928 حتى 1931. بقي في مصر لمواصلة تعليمه العالي وتخرج بدار العلوم في جامعة القاهرة 1936، ثم حصل على دبلوم الدراسات العليا من جامعة الجزائر سنة 1970، ثم الدكتوراه في الأدب العربي الحديث من الجامعة نفسها 1973. نشر شعره في الصحف العربية مثل «الأهرام» المصريّة، «والآداب» اللبنانية، و«اللواء» الفلسطينية، ولم يجمعه كاملًا في ديوان. له دراسات أدبية في تاريخ الأدب العربي والشعر الفلسطيني ومقالات ومحاضرات نقدية كتبها في يافا خلال سنوات 1935-1936.
سيرته
ولد عبد الرحمن رباح الكيّالي في مدينة الرملة في قضاء يافا بمتصرفية القدس العثمانية سنة 1916 م/ 1334 هـ ونشأ بها. درس المرحلة الابتدائية فيها والإعدادية في يافا 1928، ثم درسَ المرحلة الثانوية في الرملة وأنهاها في معهد القاهرة الثانوي خلال سنوات 1929-1931. درس في الأزهر أربع سنوات نظامية وواصل تعليمه العالي في مصر وحصل على شهادة الليسانس في اللغة العربية والدراسات الإسلامية من كلية دار العلوم بجامعة القاهرة سنة 1936، ثم ذهب إلى الجزائر فحصل على شهادة الدبلوم العالي في الدراسات الأدبية من جامعة الجزائر سنة 1970، فشهادة الدكتوراه في الأدب العربي الحديث من الجامعة نفسها سنة 1973.
اشتغل بالتدريس، وعمل مدرّسًا في القدس والخليل بفلسطين الانتدابية. عيّن قاضيًا شرعيًا في يافا، وعمل نائبًا لقاضي القدس الشرعي من 1947 حتى 1948، لكنه لم يمارس مهام وظيفته بسبب النكبة. واصل مهنته في التدريس في بغداد حيث هاجر إلى العراق بعد سنة 1948. ثم رجع إلى وطنه ودرّس في المدرسة الرشيدية بالقدس، ثم في كلية بير زيت، ثم في كلية الحسين الثانوية بعمّان، ثم في معهد المعلمين. أصبح مديراً لدار المعلمين في حوّارة بإربد، ثم مفتشًا.
عيّن مستشارًا ثقافيًا للأردن في الجزائر، وأثناء إقامته هناك حصل على شهادة الدكتوراه 1973، وعمل بعد تقاعده مدرّسًا في جامعة قسنطينة الناشئة حينئذ، وظل في الجزائر 15 عامًا حتى أواخر ثمانينيات القرن العشرين.
توفِّي عبد الرحمن رباح الكيّالي سنة 1998م / 1418هـ في عمّان، الأردن.
جوائزه وتكريمه
1991: منح وسام القدس للثقافة والفنون والآداب.
مؤلفاته
في الدراسات الأدبية:
«القريب في الأدب العباسي»، 1950
«التأسيس في النقد الأدبي»، 1960
«الوافي في تاريخ الأدب العربي»، 1960
«الشعر الفلسطيني في نكبة فلسطين»، 1980
وله أيضًا:
«الساحل الوضّاء»، مجموعة شعرية، 1993
«شاهد العصر»، مجموعة شعرية مخطوطة
«أبو فراس الحمداني: حياته وشعره»، دراسة، مخطوطة
«حرية الفكر في الإسلام»، مجموعة مقالاته نشرها في «الجامعة الإسلامية»
مراجع
آل الكيالي
خريجو جامعة الجزائر
خريجو جامعة القاهرة
شعراء أردنيون في القرن 20
شعراء فلسطينيون في القرن 20
شعراء وشاعرات فلسطينيون
قضاة شرعيون
قضاة فلسطينيون
كتاب عرب
كتاب فلسطينيون
كتاب مقالات فلسطينيون
معلمو مدارس فلسطينيون
مهاجرون فلسطينيون إلى الأردن
مهاجرون فلسطينيون إلى الجزائر
مهاجرون فلسطينيون إلى العراق
مواليد 1334 هـ
مؤرخو أدب عربي
مؤرخو أدب فلسطينيون
مؤرخون فلسطينيون
نقاد أدبيون فلسطينيون
وفيات 1418 هـ
حائزون على وسام القدس للثقافة والفنون والآداب
International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and Its Abolition

International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and Its Abolition
The United Nations General Assembly declared 2004 as the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle against Slavery and its Abolition (having welcomed the fact that UNESCO had proclaimed it as such earlier).
The General Assembly resolution in its entirety (of which this declaration was a single paragraph) was voted against by the Israel, Palau and the United States, with Australia and Canada abstaining.
The United Nations International Years, beginning with the World Refugee Year in 1959/1960, are designated in order to focus world attention on important issues. The proclamation of an international year to commemorate the struggle against slavery and its abolition marked the bicentenary of the proclamation of the first black state, Haiti, as well as the reunion of the peoples of Africa, the Americas, the Caribbean and Europe.
Among the initiatives that marked the commemorative year was a virtual exhibition, Lest We Forget: The Triumph over Slavery, created by the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture and New York Public Library.
Another effort that was launched during the year was a research and information programme, Forgotten Slaves. The programme was implemented by the French Marine Archaeology Group (GRAN) with the support of UNESCO. It was inspired by the wreck of the slave ship l’Utile off the shores of the Tromelin Island in the Indian Ocean in 1761 and was intended to be part of an information campaign to raise awareness of both the history of slavery and modern forms of slavery.
See also
International Day for the Abolition of Slavery
United Nations International Years
Abolitionism
References
External links
International Year to Commemorate the Struggle against Slavery and its Abolition: UNESCO Home Page
Forgotten Slaves home page (in French)
Struggle against Slavery and its Abolition, International Year to Commemorate the
Slavery
2004 in international relations
Abolitionism