Paramaribo

Paramaribo (nicknamed Par'bo) is the capital and largest city of Suriname, located on the banks of the Suriname River in the Paramaribo District. Paramaribo has a population of roughly 241,000 people (2012 census), almost half of Suriname's population. The historic inner city of Paramaribo has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2002.
Name
The city is named for the Paramaribo tribe living at the mouth of the Suriname River; the name is from Tupi–Guarani para "large river" + maribo "inhabitants".
History
The name Paramaribo is probably a corruption of the name of a native village, spelled Parmurbo in the earliest Dutch sources. This was the location of the first Dutch settlement, a trading post established by Nicolaes Baliestel and Dirck Claeszoon van Sanen in 1613. English and French traders also tried to establish settlements in Suriname, including a French post established in 1644 near present-day Paramaribo.
All earlier settlements were abandoned some time before the arrival of English settlers in 1650 to found Surinam. They were sent by the English governor of Barbados, Lord Francis Willoughby, 5th Baron Willoughby of Parham, and established a town on the site of Paramaribo (though probably south of the current town center). The town was protected by a fort, called Fort Willoughby. In 1662, Governor Willoughby was granted the settlement and surrounding lands (extending into Suriname's interior) by King Charles II. Around 1665 the village of Paramaribo was expanded and quickly outranked the earlier settlement of Torarica.
In 1667, during the Second Anglo-Dutch War, Paramaribo was conquered by a squadron of ships under Abraham Crijnssen. The Treaty of Breda in 1667 confirmed Paramaribo as the leading town of the now Dutch colony of Suriname. The fort protecting Paramaribo was renamed Fort Zeelandia in honor of the Dutch province that had financed Crijnssen's fleet. (The town was also renamed New Middelburg but the name did not catch on with the inhabitants).
The population of Paramaribo has always been very diverse. Among the first British settlers were many Jews and one of the oldest synagogues in the Americas, the Neveh Shalom Synagogue, is found in Paramaribo. The population of the town was greatly increased after 1873, when former enslaved people (who had been freed in 1863) were allowed to stop working for their former masters and leave the sugar plantations.
Paramaribo has remained the capital of Suriname, from its colonial days through the independence of Suriname in 1975 to the present day. The old town has suffered many devastating fires over the years, notably in January 1821 (which destroyed over 400 buildings) and September 1832 (which destroyed nearly 50 buildings). The slaves Kodjo, Mentor, and Present were found guilty of arson, and burnt alive.
In May 1972, the Paramaribo Zoo opened. In 1987, an administrative reorganization took place in Suriname and the city was divided into 12 administrative resorts (jurisdictions).
Geography
The city is located on the Suriname River, approximately inland from the Atlantic Ocean, in the Paramaribo district.
Climate
Paramaribo features a tropical rainforest climate (Af), under the Köppen climate classification. Because Paramaribo is more subject to the Intertropical Convergence Zone than the trade winds and sees no tropical cyclones, its climate is classified as equatorial. The city has no true dry season; all 12 months of the year average more than of rainfall, but the city does experience noticeably wetter and drier periods during the year. The northern hemisphere "autumn" (September through November) is the driest period of the year in Paramaribo, and the heaviest rainfall occurs from April to July. Common to many cities with this climate, temperatures are relatively consistent throughout the course of the year, with average high temperatures of 31 degrees Celsius and average low temperatures of 22 degrees Celsius. Paramaribo on average receives roughly of rainfall each year.
Demographics
Paramaribo has a population of 240,924 people (2012 census). While the population number is stagnating in recent years, many towns in the surrounding Wanica District are increasing in population.
The city is famed for its diverse ethnic makeup, including Creoles (African or mixed African-European descent) 27%, Indian (East Indian descent) 23%, Multiracials 18%, Maroons (descendants of escaped enslaved Africans) 16%, Javanese (Indonesian descent) 10%, Indigenous (descendants of native population) 2%, Chinese (descendants of 19th-century contract workers) 1.5%, and smaller numbers of Europeans (primarily of Dutch and Portuguese descent), Lebanese and Jews. In the past decades a significant number of Brazilians, Guyanese and new Chinese immigrants have settled in Paramaribo.
Economy
Paramaribo is the business and financial centre of Suriname. Even though the capital city does not produce significant goods itself, almost all revenues from the country's main export products gold, oil, bauxite, rice, and tropical wood are channeled through its institutions. All banks, insurance corporations and other financial and commercial companies are headquartered in Paramaribo. Around 75 percent of Suriname's GDP is consumed in Paramaribo.
Tourism is an increasingly important sector, with most visitors coming from the Netherlands.
Government
Administratively, Paramaribo forms its own district in Suriname. The resorts of Paramaribo district therefore correspond to boroughs of the city. There are twelve resorts in the Paramaribo district:
Transport
Paramaribo is served by the Johan Adolf Pengel International Airport and Zorg en Hoop Airport for local flights. The Jules Wijdenbosch Bridge, which is part of the East-West Link, connects Paramaribo with Meerzorg on the other side of the Suriname River.
The Jules Sedney Harbour is the main harbour for cargo. The former harbour of Waterkant is used by ferries.
Most airlines like Gum Air, Caricom Airways and Blue Wing Airlines have their head offices on the grounds of Zorg en Hoop Airport in Paramaribo.
Education
Paramaribo's institution of higher learning is Anton de Kom University of Suriname, the country's only university.
Healthcare
Paramaribo is home to four hospitals, the Academic Hospital Paramaribo, 's Lands Hospitaal, Sint Vincentius Hospital and Diakonessenhuis.
Historic inner city of Paramaribo
The Dutch colonial town established in 17th and 18th centuries was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2002. The historic inner city is located along the left bank of the Suriname River. The original architecture of buildings and street plan has largely remained intact and preserved.
Notable landmarks
Fort Zeelandia
Presidential Palace of Suriname
Roman Catholic St Peter and St Paul Cathedral
Suriname Mosque
National Assembly of Suriname
Neveh Shalom Synagogue
The Arya Diwaker Hindu Temple
Garden of Palms, a landscape garden of royal palms behind the presidential palace
Centrumkerk
Kwakoe, abolition of slavery memorial
Notable people
Ashwin Adhin (1980), Vice President (2015–2020), politician
Ronny Aloema, football player
Maarten Atmodikoro, football player
Regi Blinker, football player
Remy Bonjasky, kickboxer
Edson Braafheid, football player
Romeo Castelen, football player
Audrey Christiaan, activist
Augusta Curiel, photographer
Edgar Davids, football player
Stanley Franker, tennis player
Henk Fraser, football player
Ulrich van Gobbel, football player
Majoie Hajary, composer, pianist
Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink, football player
Ruth Jacott, singer, Dutch representative in the Eurovision Song Contest 1993
Jerry de Jong, football player
Rajendre Khargi, journalist and ambassador to the Netherlands
Kelvin Leerdam, football player
Coenraad van Lier, physician, politician
Jeangu Macrooy, singer, Dutch representative in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 and the Eurovision Song Contest 2021
Stanley Menzo, football player
Felipe Enrique Neri, Baron de Bastrop (1729–1827), businessman and landowner known for his money in the Anglo-American settlement of Texas.
Pim de la Parra, director
Herman Rijkaard, football player
Andy Ristie, kickboxer
Jairzinho Rozenstruik, mixed martial artist and kickboxer
Grace Schneiders-Howard, civil service worker/politician
Clarence Seedorf, football player
Andwélé Slory, football player
Tyrone Spong, kickboxer and boxer
Regilio Tuur, boxer
Mark de Vries, football player
Fabian Wilnis, football player
Aron Winter, football player
Twin towns – sister cities
Paramaribo is twinned with:
Antwerp, Antwerp Province, Belgium
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Willemstad, Curaçao, Netherlands
Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States
See also
Paramaribo District
References
External links
Capitals in South America
Populated places in Paramaribo District
Port cities in South America
Populated places established in 1603
World Heritage Sites in Suriname
1603 establishments in the Dutch Empire
1603 establishments in South America