Osmylidae

Osmylidae are a small family of winged insects of the net-winged insect order Neuroptera. The osmylids, also called lance lacewings, stream lacewings or giant lacewings, are found all over the world except North and Central America. There are around 225 extant species.
Description and ecology
Adult osmylids are small to moderately-sized net-winged insects, with wingspans ranging from 1.4 to 3 cm. Smaller members resemble typical green lacewings, and larger species resemble antlions. Many species, namely those of the type genus Osmylus, have spotted wings. The thin antennae are short. They have two compound eyes, as well as three ocelli in between. Adult osmylids, like green lacewings (some of which are colloquially known as "stinkflies"), have prothoracal glands which produce foul-smelling compounds used to deter would-be predators.
Their larvae are superficially similar to those of spongillaflies (Sisyridae). They have peculiar mouthparts which look like a thin forceps with the ends bending outwards. The body is elongated and slender and terminates in two extensible graspers bearing tiny hooks; these are used to aid in locomotion and to grasp prey. The larvae are associated with damp, mossy habitats and are amphibious. They hunt small invertebrate prey, from which they suck the body fluids with their mouthparts.
The adults are diurnal or crepuscular weak-flying insects which mostly prey on small invertebrates, supplemented with some pollen. Eggs are deposited in damp places, usually near freshwater.
Systematics and taxonomy
Osmylids are generally placed with the extant families Sisyridae (spongillaflies) and Nevrorthidae within the clade Osmyloidea, which is the second earliest diverging clade of Neuroptera after Coniopterygidae (dustywings). The group also contains Archeosmylidae from the Permian-Triassic and Saucrosmylidae from the Middle Jurassic, both of which are thought to be closely related to Osmylidae. The earliest records of Osmylidae date to the Early Jurassic, some of which are already assignable to extant subfamilies, and were diverse during the Jurassic and Cretaceous. At least 278 species have been described in 25 extant and 38 extinct genera.
Taxonomy largely after Winterton et al., 2019
Subfamilies and genera
Subfamily Eidoporisminae
Eidoporismus - Australia
†Stenosmylina - Weald Clay, United Kingdom, Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian)
Subfamily Gumillinae
Gumilla - Brazil
†Allotriosmylus - Daohugou Bed, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian)
†Enodinympha - Daohugou Bed, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian)
†Epiosmylus - Daohugou Bed, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian), Itat Formation, Russia, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian), Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Middle/Late Jurassic
†Kolbasinella - Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Middle/Late Jurassic
†Nilionympha - Daohugou Bed, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian)
†Nuddsia - Crato Formation, Brazil, Early Cretaceous (Aptian) (=Burmaleon Myskowiak et al, 2016 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian))
†Osmylochrysa - Purbeck Group, England, Early Cretaceous (Berriasian)
†Tenuosmylus Daohugou Bed, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian)
Subfamily Kempyninae
Australysmus - Australia
Euosmylus - New Zealand
Kempynus Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, Chile
†Arbusella - Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Middle/Late Jurassic
†Cretosmylus - Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
†Euporismites Redbank Plains Formation, Australia, Eocene (Ypresian)
†Jurakempynus Daohugou Bed, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian), Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Middle/Late Jurassic, Shar-Teeg, Mongolia, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
†Kempynosmylus Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
†Ponomarenkius - Daohugou Bed, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian)
†Sauktangida - Kyrgyzstan, Early Jurassic (Toarcian)
†Mirokempynus Ma et al. 2020 Daohugou Bed, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian)
†Subfamily Mesosmylininae
†Mesosmylina Posidonia Shale, Green Series, Germany, Sagul Formation, Kyrgyzstan Early Jurassic (Toarcian) Zhargalant Formation, Mongolia, Itat Formation, Russia, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian), Ukurei Formation, Russia, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
†Sogjuta Dzhil Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Early Jurassic (Hettangian), Shar-Teeg, Mongolia, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
Subfamily Osmylinae
Grandosmylus - Afghanistan, Tajikistan
Lahulus - India
Osmylus - Eurasia
Parosmylus Needham, 1909 - Central through South Asia
Sinosmylus - China
†Lithosmylus - Florissant Formation, Colorado, United States, Eocene (Priabonian)
†Vetosmylus - Daohugou Bed, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian)
Subfamily Protosmylinae
Gryposmylus - Central to Southeast Asia
Heterosmylus Central to South Asia
Lysmus - Indonesia, China, Japan, Russia
Paryphosmylus - Ecuador
†Juraheterosmylus - Daohugou Bed, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian)
†Jurosmylus - Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Middle/Late Jurassic
†Mesosmylidus - Purbeck Group, England, Early Cretaceous (Berriasian)
†Osmylidia - Florissant Formation, Colorado, United States, Eocene (Priabonian)
†Petrushevskia - Dzhil Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Early Jurassic (Hettangian)
†Protosmylina - Weald Clay, United Kingdom, Early Cretaceous (Barremian)
†Protosmylus - Baltic amber, Baltic Coast, Europe, Eocene
†Pseudosmylidia Florissant Formation, Colorado, United States, Eocene (Priabonian)
Subfamily Stenosmylinae
Carinosmylus - Australia
Euporismus - Australia
Isostenosmylus - Northern South America
Oedosmylus - Australia
Phymatosmylus - Argentina, Chile
Stenolysmus - Australia
Stenosmylus - Australia
Subfamily Porisminae
Porismus - Australia
Subfamily Spilosmylinae
Spilosmylus - Africa, South through Southeast Asia, New Guinea
Thaumatosmylus - Indonesia, Malaysia, China
Thyridosmylus Madagascar, China, India
†Ensiosmylus Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Middle/Late Jurassic
†Imanosmylus Siyanovskaya Formation, Russia, Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Subfamily Incertae sedis
†Archaeosmylidia - Daohugou Bed, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian)
†Dimidiosmylus - Shar-Teeg, Mongolia, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
†Erlikosmylus - Sagul Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Early Jurassic (Toarcian)
†Karaosmylus Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Middle/Late Jurassic
†Kubekius - Itat Formation, Russia, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian)
†Osmylopsis - Purbeck Group, England, Early Cretaceous (Berriasian)
†Palaeothyridosmylus Daohugou Bed, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian)
†Pronymphites - Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Middle/Late Jurassic
†Scapoptera - Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Middle/Late Jurassic
†Stenochrysa - Purbeck Group, England, Early Cretaceous (Berriasian)
†Tengriosmylus - Sagul Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Early Jurassic (Toarcian)
†Tetanoptilon - Posidonia Shale, Germany, Early Jurassic (Toarcian)
Notes
References
Neuroptera
Neuroptera families