Perlodidae

Perlodidae
The Perlodidae, also known as the perlodid stoneflies, stripetails, or springflies, are a family of stoneflies.
Natural history
The family Perlodidae is composed of at least 50 genera and over 350 species, with the fossil records extending at least from the Triassic. The majority of perlodid stoneflies are univoltine - one generation occurs per year. Usually, adults emerge from April to June. Many species have an egg diapause during the warmer months; this allows them to inhabit otherwise unfriendly environments like temporary seeps or streams. Larvae have flattened bodies, often with patterns on their heads and thoraces, long tails, and divergent hind wing pads. Unlike the similar common stoneflies, perlodid larvae do not have branching gills on their thoraces. The perlodids are found throughout North America.
Habit and habitat
The Perlodidae are generally lotic and lentic erosional. These habitats are flowing streams or pools that contain sediments, vascular plants, and detritus. They are most often found in cool, clear streams with rocky bottoms. They are found under rocks and in coarse particulate organic matter where many prey are to be found. The larvae are generally considered to be clingers as can be seen by their wide stance for gripping substrates.
Functional feeding group
The perlodid larvae are mostly predators that engulf their prey, although a few species are scrapers and collector-gatherers. They will eat a variety of small invertebrates, but they are also known to eat plant matter, especially when young.
Genera
Selected genera in the two subfamilies include:
Isoperlinae
Calliperla Banks, 1948
Cascadoperla Szczytko & Stewart, 1979
Cosumnoperla Szczytko & Bottorff, 1987
Clioperla Needham & Claassen, 1925
Isoperla Banks, 1906
Kaszabia Raušer, 1968
Cosumnoperla Szczytko & Bottorff, 1987
Perlodinae
Afroperlodes Miron & Zwick, 1973
Arcynopteryx Klapálek, 1904
Baumannella Stark & Stewart, 1985
Besdolus Ricker, 1952
Bulgaroperla Raušer, 1966
Chernokrilus Ricker, 1952
Cultus Ricker, 1952
Dictyogenus Klapálek, 1904
Diploperla Needham & Claassen, 1925
Diura Billberg, 1820
Filchneria Klapálek, 1908
Frisonia Ricker, 1943
Guadalgenus Stark & Gonzalez del Tanago, 1986
Hedinia Navás, 1936
Helopicus Ricker, 1952
Hemimelaena Klapálek, 1907
Hydroperla Frison, 1935
Isogenoides Klapálek, 1912
Isogenus Newman, 1833
Kogotus Ricker, 1952
Levanidovia Teslenko & Zhiltzova, 1989
Malirekus Ricker, 1952
Megaperlodes Yokoyama, Isobe & Yamamoto, 1990
Megarcys Klapálek, 1912
Neofilchneria Zwick, 1973
Neowuia Li & Murányi, 2017
Oconoperla Stark & Stewart, 1982
Oroperla Needham, 1933
Osobenus Ricker, 1952
Ostrovus Ricker, 1952
Perlinodes Needham & Claassen, 1925
Perlodes Banks, 1903
Perlodinella Klapálek, 1912
Pictetiella Illies, 1966
Protarcys Klapálek, 1912
Pseudomegarcys Kohno, 1946
Rauserodes Zwick, 1999
Remenus Ricker, 1952
Rickera Jewett, 1954
Salmoperla Baumann & Lauck, 1987
Setvena Ricker, 1952
Skwala Ricker, 1943
Sopkalia Ricker, 1952
Stavsolus Ricker, 1952
Susulus Bottorff & Stewart, 1989
Tadamus Ricker, 1952
Yugus Ricker, 1952
Zhiltzovaia Özdikmen, 2008
Extinct, incertae sedis
† Derancheperla Sinitshenkova, 1990
† Isoperlodes Sinitshenkova, 1992
References
Voshell, J.R. A Guide to Common Freshwater Invertebrates of North America. McDonald and Woodward. Blacksburg, Va. 2002.
Merritt and Cummins. An Introduction to the Aquatic insects of North America 3rd ed. Kendall Hunt. Dubuque, Iowa. 1996.
Plecoptera families