PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
خليط التغذية

خليط التغذية هو كائن حي يمكنه استخدام مزيج من مصادر الطاقة والكربون المختلفة. التبادلات المتاحة بين ضوئي التغذية وكيميائي التغذية، وبين جمادي التغذية وعضوي التغذية، وبين ذاتي التغذية وغيري التغذية أو الجمع بينها. وقد تكون الكائنات خليطة التغذية حقيقية النواة أو بدائية النواة.
ويمكنها الاستفادة من ظروف بيئية مختلفة.
إذا كان الوضع الغذائي أساسيًا، فمن الضروري دائمًا المحافظة على النمو والاستمرارية؛ وإذا كان اختياريًا، فيمكن استخدامه كمصدر تكميلي. بعض الكائنات الحية لها دورات كالفن غير كاملة، لذا لا تكون قادرة على تثبيت ثاني أكسيد الكربون وعليها استخدام مصادر الكربون العضوي.
أمثلة
بانتوتروفس هي نوع من البكتيريا التي تعيش مثل كائن كيميائي عضوي غيري التغذية، حيث توجد مجموعة متنوعة من المركبات العضوية التي يمكنها إتمام عملية الأيض. كما يمكن حدوث عملية الأيض الاختيارية لكيميائية جمادي التغذية، كما هو واضح في بكتيريا الكبريت عديمة اللون (بعض البكتيريا الكبريتية)، حيث تتأكسد مركبات الكبريت مثل كبريتيد الهيدروجين، والكبريت الأولي أو الثيوسلفات إلى كبريتات. ومركبات الكبريت هي بمثابة الجهات المانحة للإلكترون وتُستهلك لإنتاج إيه تي بي. ومصدر الكربون لهذه الكائنات الحية يمكن أن يكون ثاني أكسيد الكربون (ذاتية التغذية) أو الكربون العضوي (غيري التغذية). قد تحدث التغذية العضوية الغيرية في ظل الظروف الهوائية أو لا هوائية؛ تحدث التغذية الجمادي الذاتية في الظروف الهوائية.
العديد من الأمثلة على جنس الحنديرة.
الدبور الشرقي الدبور الأحمر
فينوس صائد الذباب ديونيا ماسكيبولا
انظر أيضًا
ذاتي التغذية
غيري التغذية
ملاحظات
وصلات خارجية
Sanders, Robert W. Mixotrophic Nutrition of Phytoplankton: Venus Fly Traps of the microbial world. Temple University.
تمثيل ضوئي
علم الأحياء الدقيقة
علم البيئة الغذائي
Dawn Moncrieffe

Dawn Moncrieffe
Dawn Marie Moncrieffe (born 26 January 1968) is a Canadian female deaf former track and field athlete. She has competed at the Deaflympics representing Canada in 1985, 1993 and in 2001. She had won a total of 4 medals in her Deaflympic career which spanned from 1985 to 2001.
Dawn Moncrieffe was born to a family of African descent on 26 January 1968 in the north of Lambeth, England. She was born profoundly deaf due to the maternal rubella. Her family then migrated to Canada and settled in Winnipeg. Dawn studied and graduated at the Manitoba School for the Deaf which is located in Winnipeg.
References
1968 births
Living people
Deaf competitors in athletics
Canadian female middle-distance runners
Canadian deaf people
Canadian disabled sportspeople
ألان ديفيز

ألان ديفيز (و. 1966 – م) هو ممثل تلفزيوني، وممثل هزلي، وممثل، وكاتب سيناريو، ومقدم برامج، وكاتِب، من المملكة المتحدة، ولد في إسكس.
التعليم
تعلم في .
وصلات خارجية
مراجع
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
تشي
حاصلون على الدكتوراه الفخرية من جامعة كنت
خريجو جامعة كينت
شخصيات تلفزيونية من إسكس
كتاب بريطانيون في القرن 21
كتاب ذكور إنجليز في القرن 20
كتاب ذكور إنجليز في القرن 21
كتاب مذكرات إنجليز
كتاب من لندن
كوميديون إنجليز
كوميديون إنجليز في القرن 20
كوميديون إنجليز في القرن 21
كوميديون من إسكس
كوميديون وكوميديات إنجليز في القرن 21
مسجلو بث صوتي إنجليز
مقدمو برامج تلفزيونية حوارية إنجليز
ملحدون إنجليز
ممثلو أفلام من لندن
ممثلو تلفزيون إنجليز
ممثلو راديو ذكور إنجليز
ممثلون إنجليز في القرن 20
ممثلون إنجليز في القرن 21
ممثلون من إسكس
مواليد 1966
مواليد في إسكس
كتاب مذكرات إنجليز في القرن 21
Léo Morais

Léo Morais
Leonardo Moreira Morais (born 3 October 1991 in Salvador), commonly known as Léo is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a right back for Botafogo-PA.
Career
Vitória
Atlético Paranaense
On 8 February 2013 Atlético Paranaense signed Léo Morais on loan from Vitória until the end of the 2013 season. He quickly became a first team starter and was one of the most important players in the 2013 Copa do Brasil campaign, in which Atlético reached the finals only losing to Flamengo in two matches.
Flamengo
After a great 2013 season with Atlético Paranaense Flamengo signed Léo Morais on 2 January 2 2014, from Vitória, to play as back-up right back for Léo Moura. Léo struggled with a series of injuries and never stablished himself as a regular player on Flamengo's roster.
Internacional (loan)
Second loan to Atlético Paranaense
On 17 January 2017 Atlético Paranaense extended Léo Morais until the end of 2017 season. Although, the player was released from the club in May 2017 due to problems with the club officers.
Coritiba (loan)
After having his loan contract cancelled with Atlético Paranaense, rivals Coritiba signed Léo Morais on loan from Flamengo on 9 May 2017 until the end of 2017 season.
Fluminense (loan)
As Léo Morais would not have space in Flamengo's first team on 23 January 2018 Fluminense signed him on loan until 31 December 2018.
Career statistics
(Correct )
Honours
Vitória
Campeonato Baiano: 2010
Flamengo
Campeonato Carioca: 2014
Internacional
Campeonato Gaúcho: 2015
Atlético Paranaense
Campeonato Paranaense: 2016, 2017
References
External links
1991 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Esporte Clube Vitória players
Club Athletico Paranaense players
CR Flamengo footballers
Sport Club Internacional players
Coritiba Foot Ball Club players
Fluminense FC players
Avaí FC players
Men's association football defenders
Footballers from Salvador, Bahia
1000 ق م

1000 ق م أو 1000 قبل الميلاد أو ألف قبل الميلاد هي سنة من العقد 100 ق م في التقويم اليولياني البروليبتي (التقويم الميلادي). تسبقها سنة 1001 ق م وتليها سنة 999 ق م.
مواليد
حيرام الأول
كتب
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
صفحة السنة على موقع onthisday.com
عقد 1000 ق م
Robin Green

Robin Green (born July 31, 1945) is an American writer and producer. She was a writer and executive producer on the HBO series The Sopranos and was the co-creator and executive producer of the CBS series Blue Bloods. In the 1970s, Green was a writer for Rolling Stone.
Biography
A Rhode Island native, Robin Green earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in American literature from Pembroke College in Brown University, and a Master of Fine Arts from the Iowa Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa. Green is Jewish.
In 1968, Green worked as Marvel Comics' secretary-receptionist and "Gal Friday" for editor-in-chief Stan Lee.
After moving on from Marvel she spent time as a magazine journalist in such publications as Rolling Stone.
Upon entering the television industry as a writer, Green wrote and produced for such series as The Sopranos, Northern Exposure, A Year in the Life and Almost Grown, and wrote the Showtime TV movie Critical Choices.
In 2010, Green worked as an executive consultant and writer on the second season of police drama Southland.
In August 2018 Little Brown and Company published Green's memoir, The Only Girl: My Life and Times on the Masthead of Rolling Stone.
Green is married to Sopranos co-writer Mitchell Burgess. Together, they created the CBS police procedural Blue Bloods, which premiered in 2010.
Works
Awards
Green won an Emmy Award for her work on the CBS series Northern Exposure. She was awarded Emmys for Best Writing of a Drama Series for episodes of The Sopranos in 2001 and 2003, as well as an Emmy for Outstanding Drama Series in 2004. In addition, she won two Peabody Awards and a Golden Globe Award for the series.
References
External links
American television producers
American women television producers
American television writers
Pembroke College in Brown University alumni
Brown University alumni
Iowa Writers' Workshop alumni
Living people
American women television writers
Writers Guild of America Award winners
Place of birth missing (living people)
Primetime Emmy Award winners
Showrunners
21st-century American women
1945 births
Michael Gandolfini

Michael Gandolfini (born May 10, 1999) is an American actor. Gandolfini made his film debut in Ocean's 8 (2018) and appeared in The Many Saints of Newark (2021), in which he played the role of Tony Soprano, which was originally portrayed by his late father James Gandolfini in the television series The Sopranos.
Early life
Gandolfini was born on May 10, 1999 in New York City to actor James Gandolfini and Marcy Wudarski. He is of Italian, Polish, and Slovak heritage, and has a younger half-sister from his father's second marriage. While he was a teenager, Gandolfini enjoyed performing, but his father advised against an acting career; he wanted him to pursue sports or "be a director. They have the power," he said.
His father James Gandolfini died at age 51 of a heart attack in Rome on June 19, 2013.
Career
After his father's death, Michael Gandolfini decided to pursue acting. He enrolled at New York University after graduating from high school. After early auditions, he was cast in the HBO drama series The Deuce as Joey Dwyer. In 2019, he was cast in The Many Saints of Newark to play the young version of Tony Soprano, the role played by his father in the television series The Sopranos. Gandolfini had never watched the show. He described watching it while preparing for the role as an intense process. He was later cast in the Russo brothers' crime drama Cherry.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
1999 births
Living people
21st-century American male actors
American male child actors
American male models
American male film actors
American male television actors
American people of Italian descent
American people of Polish descent
Male actors from New York City
New York University alumni
DUMAND Project

DUMAND Project
The DUMAND Project (Deep Underwater Muon And Neutrino Detector Project) was a proposed underwater neutrino telescope to be built in the Pacific Ocean, off the shore of the island of Hawaii, five kilometers beneath the surface. It would have included thousands of strings of instruments occupying a cubic kilometer of the ocean.
The proposal called for two types of detectors: optical detectors to find the Cherenkov radiation emitted by secondary particles traveling faster than the speed of light in water, resulting from collisions by neutrinos, and hydrophones to listen for the acoustic signals generated by the interactions. Sophisticated signal processing would have combined the signals from many optical and acoustic sensors, allowing scientists to determine the direction from which the neutrino arrived, and to rule out false signals arising from other particles or acoustic sources. Because of the nature of the interaction between neutrinos and protons, DUMAND would have been most sensitive to ultra-high energy neutrinos, and completely insensitive to solar neutrinos.
Work began in about 1976, at Keahole Point, but the project cancelled in 1995 due to technical difficulties. Although it was never completed, DUMAND was in a sense a precursor of the Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA), and the water Cherenkov neutrino telescopes in the Mediterranean (ANTARES, NEMO and the NESTOR Project). The DUMAND hardware was also donated to NESTOR, to reduce costs and cut on development and construction time.
References
Further reading
External links
DUMAND experiment record on INSPIRE-HEP
Hawaii (island)
Neutrino observatories
Particle experiments
Electronic funds transfer

Electronic funds transfer (EFT) is the electronic transfer of money from one bank account to another, either within a single financial institution or across multiple institutions, via computer-based systems, without the direct intervention of bank staff.
According to the United States Electronic Fund Transfer Act of 1978 it is "a funds transfer initiated through an electronic terminal, telephone, computer (including on-line banking) or magnetic tape for the purpose of ordering, instructing, or authorizing a financial institution to debit or credit a consumer's account".
EFT transactions are known by a number of names across countries and different payment systems. For example, in the United States, they may be referred to as "electronic checks" or "e-checks". In the United Kingdom, the term "BACS Payment", "bank transfer" and "bank payment" are used, in Canada, "e-transfer" is used, while in several other European countries "giro transfer" is the common term.
Types
EFTs include, but are not limited to:
Automated teller machine (ATM) transfers
Direct deposit payment or withdrawals of funds initiated by the payer
Direct debit payments in which a business debits the consumer's bank accounts for payment for goods or services
Electronic bill payment in online banking, which may be delivered by EFT or paper check
QR code payment is a payment initiated using a QR Code scanned from a mobile app
Transfers initiated by telephone
Transfers resulting from credit or debit card transactions, whether initiated through a payment terminal
Wire transfer via an international banking network such as SWIFT
See also
Automated Clearing House (ACH)
E-commerce payment system
Electronic funds transfer at point of sale (EFTPOS)
Immediate Payment Service
Interbank network
Payment system
Real time gross settlement
Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT)
Instant payment
References
External links
Electronic Funds Transfer Association
ميتش ديفيس

ميتش ديفيس هو كاتب ومنتج أفلام ومخرج أمريكي، ولد في القرن العشرين في الولايات المتحدة.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
خريجو جامعة بريغام يونغ
منتجو أفلام أمريكيون
مواليد القرن 20
Pamela L. Reeves

Pamela L. Reeves
Pamela Lynn Reeves (July 21, 1954 – September 10, 2020) was the Chief United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee. She was the first female judge to serve in the Eastern District.
Early life and education
Reeves was born on July 21, 1954, in Marion, Virginia. She graduated summa cum laude from the University of Tennessee in 1976 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in history. She received a Juris Doctor in 1979 from the George C. Taylor College of Law at the University of Tennessee.
Career
From 1979 to 1985 she worked as an associate at the law firm of Griffin, Burkhalter, Cooper & Reeves and from 1985 to 1987 as an associate at Morrison, Morrison, Tyree & Dickenson. From 1987 to 2002, she worked at the law firm of Watson, Hollow & Reeves. She formed the law firm of Reeves, Herbert & Anderson, P.A. in Knoxville, in 2002, where she practiced mediation and litigation concentrated in the area of employment and contract matters. From 1998 to 1999, she served as the first woman President of the Tennessee Bar Association. In 2019, the Tennessee Bar Association awarded Reeves the Judicial Excellence Award and the first-ever Professionalism Award. A few days before her death, the University of Tennessee bestowed her with the University's Distinguished Alumna Award.
Reeves's legal work centered largely on discrimination suits. She was involved in a sexual harassment-related case involving the TVA just months after receiving her law license, and would go on to represent both plaintiffs and defendants in discrimination-related cases throughout her career. She also worked as a mediator in sexual harassment cases; during her time at Watson, Hollow & Reeves, she represented government agencies and government officials who, in her words, "had gotten into trouble." In an interview, she named Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson, which recognized sexual harassment as a violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as her favorite Supreme Court decision.
Federal judicial service
On May 16, 2013, President Barack Obama nominated Reeves to serve as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee, to the seat being vacated by Judge Thomas W. Phillips, who eventually took senior status on August 1, 2013. Her nomination was reported out of committee on January 16, 2014. The motion to invoke cloture was agreed to on March 5, 2014 by a 62–37 vote. Her nomination was confirmed later that day by a 99–0 vote. She received her judicial commission on March 7, 2014, and she became chief judge on April 1, 2019.
Death
Reeves died on September 10, 2020, from cancer.
References
External links
1954 births
2020 deaths
21st-century American judges
21st-century American women judges
American women lawyers
Deaths from cancer in Tennessee
Judges of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee
People from Marion, Virginia
Tennessee lawyers
United States district court judges appointed by Barack Obama
University of Tennessee College of Law alumni
University of Tennessee alumni
صيغة هيكلية

صيغة هيكلية
الشكل الهيكلي هو شكل ثلاثي الأبعاد للجزيء يعرض شكل الجزيء، ويتضمن زوايا الروابط. وليس من المهم عرض العناصر داخل الجزيء. كما أن الروابط ترسم على هيئة خطوط، وكل خط يمثل رابطة. ويعرف أن عند كل انحناءة خط ذرة كربون، أو في نهاية أي خط. كما أن ذرات الهيدروجين يفهم أنها توجد في أي مكان يستلزم وجودها لإكمال أي عدد ناقص من الروابط لأى عنصر. وأى عنصر أخر يتم توضيحه كتابة، وتوضيح عدد الروابط اللازمة له. وهناك بعض المجموعات مثل البنزين، يمكن أن يتم اختصارها طبقا لما هو متعارف عليه واحبانا تتضمن البنزن حلقة أو عدة حلقات موجودة في المركبات الكربونية ولها عدة أشكال هندسية أو ثلاثية الابعاد أو خماسية أو سداسية حسب عدد ذرات الكربون المرتبطة بالمركب وكما ان الروابط تلعب دورا رئيسيا في تشكيل شكل الجزيء أو المركب العضوي الموجود أو المتضمن
الصيغة الهيكلية رسم يصف البنية الجزيئية.
معرض صور
مراجع
صيغ كيميائية
كيمياء عضوية
منشآت كيميائية
فلوناريزين

فلوناريزين
يصنف الفلوناريزين Flunarizine كدواء حاجب لقنوات الكالسيوم، فهو يعيق دخول الكالسيوم بشكل غير انتقائي. ويملك فعالية حجب مستقبلات هيستامين H1.
الاستخدام
يستخدم للوقاية من صداع الشقيقة (غير فعال في هجمات الشقيقة الحادة). فهو فعال في إنقاص تواتر هجمات الشقيقة وينقص من شدتها. ويملك فعالية في حال انسداد الوعاء المحيطي، والدوار ذو المنشأ المركزي أو المحيطي، وكمساعد في علاج الصرع. قد يساعد في إنقاص شدة الهجمات ومدتها للشلل المرتبط بالشلل النصفي المتناوب الأكثر خطورة. وقد أظهر الفوناريزين إنقاصاً مهماً لتواتر الصداع وشدته عند كل من البالغين والأطفال.
طريقة الاستعمال
خذ هذا الدواء فموياً بالضبط كما هو مقرر بالوصفة، وعادة مرة واحدة يوميا في المساء. قد يستغرق 6 إلى 8 أسابيع من العلاج المستمر قبل أن يُلاحظ التأثير الأقصى للدواء.
التأثيرات الجانبية
نعاس.
كسب وزن.
غثيان.
حرقة فؤاد.
جفاف الفم أو قلق حتى يتكيف الجسم مع الدواء.
إذا استمرت إحدى هذه التأثيرات أو أصبحت مزعجة، يجب إعلام الطبيب.
بلغ الطبيب إذا تطور: طفح جلدي، اكتئاب, ألم في العضلات، رجفة، صعوبة الحركة، حركات شاذة أو غير مضبوطة (خاصة في الوجه أو الفم).
إذا لاحظت تأثيرات أخرى غير مدرجة في الأعلى اتصل بالطبيب أو الصيدلاني.
التداخل الدوائي
أخبر طبيبك بأي دواء بدون وصفة يمكن أن تتناوله، ومنها:
المسكنات ومضادات القلق ومرخيات العضلات والمهدئات والأدوية المضادة للنوبة المرضية.
لا تبدأ أو توقف أي دواء بدون قبول الطبيب أو الصيدلاني.
مضادات الاستطباب
يكون مضاداً للاستطباب في ارتفاع الضغط وقصور القلب وعدم انتظام ضربات القلب.
يمنع استخدام الفلوناريزين عند المرضى الذين يعانون من اكتئاب أو تقبض معدي عسير أو الذين لديهم اضطرابات خارج هرمية.
الحفظ
احفظ هذا الدواء في درجة حرارة الغرفة بين 59 و86 درجة فهرنهايت (15 و30 درجة سلزيوس) بعيداً عن الحرارة والضوء والرطوبة. لا يحفظ في الحمام. احفظ هذا الدواء وغيره بعيداً عن متناول الأطفال
فرط الجرعة
إذا تم الاشتباه بحدوث فرط للجرعة، اتصل على الفور بمركز مراقبة السموم أو بغرفة الطوارئ المحليين.
تشمل أعراض فرط الجرعة: الانزعاج، والوسن غير المعتاد، والنبض سريع
الجرعة الفائتة (المنسيّة)
حاول أخذ الجرعات بالوقت المحدد لها. إذا نسيت إحدى الجرعات، خذها حالما تتذكر ذلك، ولا يجب أخذها إذا كان قد اقترب موعد الجرعة المقبلة، عوضاً عن ذلك تجاهل الجرعة الفائتة وتابع الجدول الزمني للجرعات الخاص بك.
لا تقوم بأخذ جرعة مزدوجة لتعويض الجرعة الفائتة (أو للحاق بالجرعة العادية).
المصادر
http://www.medicinenet.com
اختراعات بلجيكية
ببرازينات
حاصرات قنوات الكالسيوم
ضادات السيروتونين
فلوروأرينات
مضادات مستقبلات H1
يانسن للأدوية
Onur Demirtaş

Onur Demirtaş (born 30 January 1982) is a Turkish former professional footballer.
References
1982 births
Living people
Turkish men's footballers
Türk Telekom GSK footballers
Adana Demirspor footballers
Adanaspor footballers
Eyüpspor footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Footballers from Ankara
Somatostatin family

Somatostatin family
The somatostatin family is a protein family with somatostatin as titular member, a hormone which inhibits the release of the pituitary somatotropin (growth hormone) and inhibits the release of glucagon and insulin from the pancreas of fasted animals. Cortistatin is a cortical neuropeptide with neuronal depressant and sleep-modulating properties.
Human proteins from this family
Cortistatin (CORT)
Somatostatin (SST)
References
Protein domains
Hormones
C. W. Smith (racing driver)

C. W. Smith (racing driver)
C. W. "Skip" Smith (October 28, 1947 – November 4, 2017) was an American stock car racing driver and Pennsylvania state trooper who previously ran 7 NASCAR Xfinity Series races and 24 ARCA Racing Series races between 1994 and 2005.
Racing career
Smith drove in 24 ARCA Racing Series races from 1994 to 2004 in his self-owned #67 Chevrolet. Never running more than four races in one season, Smith finished as high as 66th in points (in 1996) and failed to qualify just once in his 22 attempts. He finished his ARCA career following 2004, having run on just three different tracks (Daytona, Talladega, and his native Pocono), posting six top-tens (with a best finish of 6th), and nine DNFs in 21 career races.
Smith took his ARCA team up to the NASCAR Busch Series beginning in 1999. Along with Daytona and Talladega (Pocono not being on the schedule), he would also attempt races at Rockingham and Michigan. He would attempt 15 races between 1999 and 2005, making the field seven of those times.
Acquiring sponsorship from Panasonic for the 2002 season, he is perhaps best known for his performance in that year's Aaron's 312 at Talladega. Making it through The Big One on lap 15 that took out 27 cars, Smith was running in the top 10 for most of the race until overheating issues ended his day on lap 75 of 117. Despite the DNF, Smith would still finish the race in 13th, his best finish in the series.
Smith would retire following the 2005 season, ending his career with two top-15 finishes and six DNFs.
Personal life
Smith was a graduate of Williamsport Area Community College and the Pennsylvania State Police Academy, serving as a Pennsylvania state trooper for 35 years. His son Jason Smith won the Pro Stock track championship at Selinsgrove Speedway in 2009.
Smith died of leukemia on November 4, 2017.
Motorsports career results
NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)
Busch Series
ARCA Re/Max Series
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)
References
External links
1947 births
2017 deaths
Sportspeople from Williamsport, Pennsylvania
Racing drivers from Pennsylvania
NASCAR drivers
American state police officers
ARCA Menards Series drivers
روب إيلدر

روب إيلدر هو نبال فيجي، ولد في 25 أبريل 1981 في سوفا في فيجي.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
رياضيون من سوفا
متسابقو قفز عالي
مواليد 1981
نبالون أولمبيون من فيجي
نبالون ذكور فيجيون
نبالون في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2004
نبالون في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2012
نبالون في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2016
جرمينتشيك (قبردينو - بلقاريا)

جرمينتشيك (قبردينو - بلقاريا)
جرمينتشيك هي مدينة في مقاطعة قبردينو - بلقاريا في روسيا.
المراجع
مدن قبردينو - بلقاريا
علم باراغواي

علم باراغواي
أعتمد علم جمهورية باراغواي رسميا في 25 تشرين الثاني - نوفمبر من سنة 1842 ويتكون العلم الباراغواياني من ثلاثة ألوان أفقية هي الأحمر والأبيض والأزرق ويوجد في منتصف العلم عند الشريط الأبيض شعار النبالة حيث يتكون شعار النبالة من من نجمة خماسية الشكل صفراء اللون محاطة بإكليل من الزهور الخضراء حيث كُتب على شعار النبالة عبارة REPUBLICA DEL PARAGUAY وتعني هذه العبارة جمهورية باراغواي.
يعتبر علم باراغواي غير عادياً لأنه يختلف على وجهه وعكسه: تظهر الصورة الوجهية للعلم شعار النبالة الوطني بينما تظهر الصورة العكسية ختم الخزانة، ويعد علم باراغواي واحداً من ثلاثة أعلام وطنية فقط في جميع أنحاء العالم تحمل هذه الميزة، والآخران هما علم مولدوفا وعلم السعودية.
مراجع
أعلام استحدثت عام 2013
بارغواي
أعلام وطنية
استحداثات عام 1842
رموز باراغواي الوطنية
أعلام استحدثت في 1842