PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
كستناء

كستناء
الكَسْتَنَاء أو الكستنة أو القَسْطَل أو أَبُو فَرْوَة أو الشَّاهِبَلُّوط هو صنف يضم ثمانية أو تسعة أنواع من الأشجار والشجيرات. يتبع هذا الصنف فصيلة البلوطية وينمو في المناطق الدافئة المعتدلة من نصف الكرة الشمالي. ويشير الاسم الكستناء أو أبو فروة أيضًا إلى المكسرات الصالحة للأكل التي تنتجها.
أنواعه
1- الكستناء الأمريكية: وهي تزرع في أمريكا الشمالية، وتتميز بحبات صغيرة الحجم نسبياً، وتعتبر من أفضل أنواع الكستناء.
2- الكستناء الصينية: وتعتبر من أكثر الأنواع تحملاً للآفات الزراعية، مما يرفع من قيمتها التجارية، أشجارها قصيرة، وتتميز بحبات متوسطة الحجم.
3- الكستناء الأوروبية: أشجارها طويلة، وثمارها تشبه الكستناء الصينية، وتتميز بطعم حلو المذاق.
4- الكستناء اليابانية: أشجارها صغيرة، وتتميز بثمار كبيرة الحجم وذات طعم طيب، وهي تقاوم الآفات.
5- الكستناء المهجنة: وهي أقرب وصفاً إلى النوع الأمريكي.
استهلاك
مكسرات
المكسرات من المحاصيل الغذائية في جنوب أوروبا وجنوب غرب وشرق آسيا، وكانت أيضاً مهمةً في شرق أمريكا الشمالية قبل وصول مرض لفحة الكستناء. في العصور الوسطى، كانت المجتمعات التي تقطن الغابات في جنوب أوروبا تعتمد على الكستناء كمصدر رئيسي للكربوهيدرات حيث كان الحصول على دقيق القمح صعباً.
يمكن الكستناء المكسرات ان تؤكل مشوية أو مغطاةً بالسكر أو العصير، وفي فرنسا تباع كحلوى تحت اسم مارون جلاسيه .
يمكن طحن الكستناء للحصول على دقيقٍ يمكن استخدامه بعد ذلك لإعداد الخبز والمعجنات والكعك.
في بلدان شمال غرب أوروبا تؤكل الكستناء نيئة بعد تقشيرها (و هذا الاستخدام غير معروف في أمريكا الشمالية). ليس من السهل تقشير الكستناء الطازجة، ولذلك تترك في درجة حرارة الغرفة ل24-48 ساعة ليصبح تقشيرها سهلاً باستخدام سكين مطبخ.
القيمة الغذائية
منتجات أخرى
الخشب مماثل لخشب البلوط يستخدم في الزخرفة وعمره طويل. لكن بسبب الامراض، اختفت تقريبًا من السوق أخشاب الكستناء الأمريكية. ومن الصعب الحصول على حجم كبير من أخشاب الكستناء الحلوة، ويرجع ذلك إلى قابليتها العالية للتشقق والتشويه عندما تجف. في إيطاليا يستخدم لصنع براميل تعتيق الخل.
صور إضافية
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
How to Roast Chestnuts.
How to peel chestnuts easily.
The American Chestnut Foundation.
Chestnut museum in the Beaumedrobie country - Joyeuse, France.
Pictures of various Chestnut lumber and veneer.
Picture – Autumn colours of a Chinese Chestnut tree (كستناء صينية) with pictures of that species' leaves and flowers.
"Japanese+chestnut"+picture&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=1&ct=image&cd=1 Picture – Large Japanese Chestnut tree (Castanea crenata) in Old Lyme, Connecticut in 1876 and photographed in 2000.
Picture - Large, old and gnarled Sweet Chestnut tree at Sheffield Park Garden.
Tahitian Chestnut tree’s mad root system.
Chestnut Veloute
أشجار
أشجار مثمرة
أصنوفات سماها فيليب ميلر
زانية
مطبخ عيد الميلاد
مكسرات
نباتات طبية
الدوري المغربي لكرة القدم 1988–89

الدوري المغربي لكرة القدم 1988–89
الدوري المغربي لكرة القدم 1988-1989 هو الموسم 33 من البطولة الوطنية المغربية لكرة القدم . يتنافس خلاله 16 من أفضل الأندية الوطنية المغربية.توج الجيش الملكي بلقبه 10 ليضيف نجمة ذهبية لقميصه .
الأندية المشاركة
الترتيب النهائي
النتائج التفصيلية
مراجع
الدوري المغربي الممتاز
دوريات كرة قدم إفريقية في 1988-89
كرة القدم المغربية في 1988–89
كرة القدم في 1988
كرة القدم في 1989
مواسم البطولة
Kymi, Greece

Kymi, Greece
Kymi (Greek: ) is a coastal town and a former municipality (7,112 inhabitants in 2011) in the island of Euboea, Greece, named after an ancient Greek place of the same name. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Kymi-Aliveri, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 167.616 km2. The ancient Euboean Kyme is mentioned as a harbor town related to the more prominent poleis of Chalkis and Eretria in antiquity. Together with these, it is sometimes named as the founding metropolis of the homonymous Kymē (Cumae) in Italy, an important early Euboean colony, which was probably named after it.
There are few or no archaeological traces of ancient Euboean Kyme, and its exact location is not known. A Bronze Age settlement has been excavated in nearby Mourteri. Some modern authors believe that Kyme never existed as an independent polis in historical times but that it was a mere village dependent on either Chalkis or Eretria.
Attractions
Kymi is a small town and the surrounding region overlooks the Aegean Sea. Due to its vantage point, Kymi is sometimes called "The Balcony of the Aegean". Kymi has one of the largest man-made ports in the country and serves as a transportation hub for the eastern Aegean Islands and northern Greece. The city Kymi is considered the greenest of Greece in terms of native vegetation and is second all in clean sand beaches. There are numerous tourist and sightseeing attractions, such as the house of the noted pathologist and researcher George Papanicolaou, inventor of the Pap smear, the Folklore Museum of Kymi, the Monastery of the Transfiguration, three small Byzantine churches in Oxilithos, the Archaeological Collection and the Archaeological Sites, and a ruined Venetian tower in San handkerchief etc. The most well known agricultural products produced in Kymi are figs, cherries and olive oil. Local specialties include the "cocoon display," handicrafts made from cocoons, and sweets such as baklava and almond.
Notable Kymiotes
Georgios Papanikolaou (1883–1962), physician, a pioneer in cytology and early cancer detection, and the inventor of the Pap test for cervical cancer
Major Ioannis Velissariou (1861–1913), popular hero of the Balkan Wars
Admiral Nikolaos Pappas (1930–2013), commander of the destroyer , mutinied in 1973 in protest against the Regime of the Colonels, later Chief of the Navy and government minister.
Climate
Transportation
The road network in the Kymi region is quite underdeveloped. There is only one major road (regional road) connecting the city of Kymi with Chania Avlonariou (a part of Avlonari), Aliveri and from there to the Greek National Road 44 towards Chalkis and Karystos.
Sports
Kymi has a few basketball courts, as well as an outdoor football pitch. There is also a sports club called Kymi Sports Club, with teams in football, basketball and volleyball.
References
Populated places in Euboea
Kymi-Aliveri
Ancient Euboea
Cities in ancient Greece
Abraham Plessner

Abraham Plessner (February 13, 1900 – April 18, 1961) was a Russian mathematician. He was born on February 13, 1900, to a Jewish family in Łódź, which is now in Poland. He studied at secondary school where he was taught in Russian, German, and Polish. He studied at the University of Giessen where he studied under Ludwig Schlesinger and Friedrich Engel. He also studied at the University of Göttingen and Berlin. He completed his doctorate from the University of Giessen in 1922. Jointly with Kurt Hensel he edited Kronecker's collected works.
After completing his doctorate, Plessner worked in Marburg where he published a paper containing what is now called Plessner's theorem. It is a theorem concerning the boundary behaviour of functions meromorphic in the unit disk.
Plessner submitted his habilitation, the extra post-doctoral qualification needed to lecture at a German university, to the faculty at the University of Giessen. He was denied because he happened to be a Russian citizen. He then moved to Moscow and joined the research group of Nikolai Nikolaevich Luzin at Moscow State University. Though he left Germany before the Nazi's seized power in 1933, some scholars consider him an early Jewish emigrant from Nazi Germany; his career was negatively impacted by anti-semitism and he was not able to return to Germany, unlike early non-Jewish emigrants such as Eberhard Hopf and Wilhelm Maier. One scholar writes that in Plessner's case "the anti-Semitic prejudice was mixed with and partly hidden by concern for their lack of a German citizenship".
In 1939, he became a professor at Moscow State University. He also held a position at the Mathematical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1949, he was dismissed from both posts during the Soviet campaign against "rootless cosmopolitans".
Plessner is widely viewed as a founder of the Moscow school of functional analysis. He faced financial and health problems in his later years. He died on April 18, 1961, in Moscow.
References
External links
1900 births
1961 deaths
Soviet Jews
Soviet mathematicians
20th-century Russian mathematicians
Academic staff of Moscow State University
Scientists from Łódź
Jewish scientists
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany
German emigrants to the Soviet Union
دار الصف (الرملة)

دار الصف (الرملة)
دار الصف هو دُوَّار يقع بجماعة دار الشاوي، عمالة طنجة أصيلة، جهة طنجة تطوان الحسيمة في المملكة المغربية. ينتمي الدوّار لمشيخة الرملة التي تضم 10 دواوير. يقدر عدد سكانه بـ 22 نسمة حسب الإحصاء الرسمي للسكان والسكنى لسنة 2004.
مراجع
روابط خارجية
البوابة الوطنية للجماعات الترابية
المندوبية السامية للتخطيط
أماكن مأهولة في الرملة (دار الشاوي)
Kristen Foster

Kristen Foster (born January 27, 1987 in Morden, Manitoba) is a Canadian curler.
In 2003, Foster led her Morden Collegiate Institute team to a Manitoba High School championship.
Foster had played with the Chelsea Carey rink since it formed in 2007. Since joining the rink, the team has won one Grand Slam event, the 2010 Manitoba Lotteries Women's Curling Classic and one provincial championship, the 2014 Manitoba Scotties Tournament of Hearts. The team has also played in three Canada Cups, in 2010, 2011 and 2012- finishing 2nd in 2011. The team also played in the 2013 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials, where they placed 4th. They won the bronze medal at the 2014 Scotties Tournament of Hearts. After the season, she joined the Allison Flaxey rink.
Personal life
Foster is currently a staff accountant with Bridge Road Developments and is a CGA Student. She is married to Wilt Billing.
References
External links
Living people
1987 births
Canadian women curlers
Curlers from Manitoba
People from Morden, Manitoba
Canada Cup (curling) participants
كومنتري

كومنتري، ، هي بلدية في أليي في وسط فرنسا. تقع على بعد 42 ميل (68 كم) جنوب غرب مولان، في وادي الأوي. تقع على بعد 8 كم من أحد المراكز الجغرافية في فرنسا. وُلدت الممثلة السينمائية إيفون روزيل (1900-1985) في كومنتري.
مراجع
المقاطعات الفرعية الفرنسية
الوحدات الإقليمية الإحصائية من المستوى الثاني في الاتحاد الأوروبي
بلديات إقليم أليي
مجتمعات تعدين في فرنسا
أليي
Bang Phlat district

Bang Phlat district
Bang Phlat is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighboring districts, clockwise from the north, are Bang Kruai district, Bang Sue, Dusit, Phra Nakhon, Bangkok Noi, and Taling Chan.
History
Bang Phlat was one of the 25 districts created in 1915, when the inner districts of Bangkok were reorganized. In 1938 the district was abolished and added to Bangkok Noi.
Bang Phlat district was again set up in 1989 by taking four sub-districts from Bangkok Noi. The west side of Borommaratchachonnani Road and Somdet Phra Pin Klao Road were moved back to Bangkok Noi in 1991, creating the new Arun Amarin Sub-district.
Bang Phlat has a number of transliteration spellings that are visible across the district including: Bang Phlat, Bang Phlad, Bang Plat, Bang Plad. It is likely that this spelling will become unified as the new MRT station stop has been titled "Bang Phlat".
The term Bang Phlat meaning 'lost place'. It is thought that, in the past, the area was filled with waterways and overgrown. People travelling from other areas lost their way.
Administration
The district is divided into four sub-districts (khwaeng).
Places
The main road running through Bang Phlat is Charan Sanit Wong, a road that parallels the Chao Phraya to the west from Thon Buri up to the Rama VII bridge.
Bang Phlat has a mixture of light commercial, industrial and residential zones. There are a few medium commercial and residential areas which are growing as the area becomes more prosperous. There are two Express River Boat stations servicing Bang Phlat, Krung Thon Bridge to the south and Rama VII Bridge to the north.
Rama VIII Bridge and Rama VIII Park
Krungthon Bridge
Wat Kharuehabodi (วัดคฤหบดี)
Wat Bowon Mongkhon (วัดบวรมงคล)
Masjid Bang O
Yanhee International Hospital
Pata Pinklao and Pata Zoo
References
External links
bangpladliving.com website offering google map with local information in English
BMA website with the tourist landmarks of Bang Phlat
Bangphlat District Office
Districts of Bangkok
Pike County, Mississippi

Pike County, Mississippi
Pike County is a county located on the southwestern border of the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,324. The county seat is Magnolia. Pike County is named for explorer Zebulon Pike. Pike County is part of the McComb, MS Micropolitan Statistical Area.
History
Pike County was formed from Marion County by an act of the Territorial General Assembly on December 9, 1815. Holmesville was selected as the county seat on December 11, 1816; it was named in honor of Major Andrew Hunter Holmes, an army officer killed in the War of 1812. In 1873 Magnolia was voted in as the new county seat. The county was devoted to agriculture and is still mostly rural.
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.4%) is water.
Major highways
Interstate 55
U.S. Highway 51
U.S. Highway 98
Mississippi Highway 24
Mississippi Highway 44
Mississippi Highway 48
Mississippi Highway 570
Mississippi Highway 584
Adjacent counties
Lincoln County (north)
Walthall County (east)
Washington Parish, Louisiana (southeast)
Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana (south)
Amite County (west)
Demographics
As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 40,324 people, 14,404 households, and 8,528 families residing in the county.
Communities
Cities
Magnolia (county seat)
McComb
Towns
Osyka
Summit
Census-designated place
Fernwood
Unincorporated communities
Chatawa
Holmesville
Kirkville
Pricedale
Progress
Sherman
Politics
Pike County is a swing county in presidential elections; since 2000 it has voted Democratic four times and Republican twice.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Pike County, Mississippi
Fernwood Lumber Company
History of Pike County Mississippi 1798-1876 by Luke W. Conerly 1909
J. J. Carter, Pike County native who served in the late 19th century in the Louisiana House of Representatives and as mayor of Minden, Louisiana
References
External links
Mississippi Courthouses – Pike County
Mississippi counties
McComb micropolitan area
1815 establishments in Mississippi Territory
Populated places established in 1815
Black Belt (U.S. region)
Majority-minority counties in Mississippi
Merkel Cabinet

Merkel Cabinet
The Merkel Cabinet is the name of any of four cabinets in the Federal Republic of Germany led by Angela Merkel:
First Merkel cabinet (2005–2009)
Second Merkel cabinet (2009–2013)
Third Merkel cabinet (2013–2018)
Fourth Merkel cabinet (2018–2021)
غريغ فينتر

غريغ فينتر هو صحفي أمريكي، ولد في 1 نوفمبر 1970 في بروكلين في الولايات المتحدة.
مراجع
أشخاص من بروكلين
خريجو جامعة براون
صحفيون أمريكيون
صحفيون أمريكيون في القرن 21
كتاب نيويورك تايمز
مواليد 1970
عديل الحسناوي

عديل الحسناوي (1989 المغرب) هو لاعب كرة قدم مغربي.
مراجع
لاعبو الدفاع الحسني الجديدي
لاعبو كرة قدم مغاربة
مواليد 1409 هـ
مواليد 1989
مواليد في المغرب
دوجيسة إيرانية

دوجيسة إيرانية (الاسم العلمي:Dugesia iranica) هي من الحيوانات تتبع الدوجيسة من الدوجيسات.
انظر أيضا
الدوجيسة
مراجع
دوجيسة إيرانية
دوجيسة إيرانية
دوجيسة إيرانية
أقحوان المروج الشائع

أقحوان المروج الشائع نوع نباتي ينتمي إلى جنس أقحوان المروج من الفصيلة النجمية زهرة من مغطاة البذور وموطنها الأصلي أوروبا وبعض مناطق قارة آسيا.
معرض صور
مراجع
أربياناوية
أصنوفات سماها جان باتيست لامارك
أصنوفات سماها كارولوس لينيوس
الحياة النباتية في أوروبا
خضراوات ازهرار
نباتات آسيا الوسطى
نباتات الحدائق في أوروبا
نباتات زينة في آسيا
نباتات مالطا
نباتات مجتاحة في الولايات المتحدة
نباتات مجتاحة في نيوزيلندا
نباتات وصفت في 1753
نباتات أوروبا
Henry Brill

Henry Brill (October 6, 1906 – June 17, 1990) was an American psychiatrist and educator. A native of Bridgeport, Connecticut, he earned both his undergraduate and medical degrees from Yale University. After receiving his M.D. in 1932, he began a career in the New York state psychiatric system, culminating in the directorship of Pilgrim Psychiatric Center in Brentwood, NY from 1958 to 1976. At its height in the mid-1950s, Pilgrim was the largest mental institution in the world, with a census of 13,875 patients. Brill also served as Deputy Commissioner of the New York State Department of Mental Hygiene from 1959 to 1964.
Brill was a leader in the early use of the tranquilizer chlorpromazine (Thorazine) in the United States for the treatment of psychosis, having heard of its success in France and Canada in the early 1950s. After being contacted directly by the drug's U.S. distributor, Smith Kline & French, Brill convened a meeting of New York psychiatrists in 1953 to discuss the benefits of chlorpromazine use in the public sector psychiatric hospital system. Shortly thereafter, New York became the first state to use the new medication in its hospitals on a large scale. Following several successful pilot tests in 1954, the introduction of chlorpromazine for general use in the patient population in January 1955 led to the first decrease in the New York state psychiatric hospital census during peacetime, as described in analyses published by Brill and Robert Patton in 1957. The advent of wide antipsychotic medication use in the public psychiatric hospital systems of the United States was a key factor in the eventual rise of the deinstitutionalization movement in the 1960s.
Brill was the chairman of the American Psychiatric Association Committee on Nomenclature and Statistics from 1960 to 1965 and was notable for supporting committee member Robert Spitzer's efforts to discontinue the classification of homosexuality as a mental disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 2nd Edition (DSM-II). Brill also served as a member of the 1970s National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse (the Shafer Commission), which recommended decriminalizing marijuana because it was not harmful. This advice was rejected by President Nixon and ignored by Congress for more than 50 years.
References
External links
Pilgrim Psychiatric Center at the New York State Office of Mental Health
Congressional Record Entry, June 28, 1990 Entry into the Congressional Record noting Brill's death.
New York Times obituary, June 18, 1990.
1906 births
1990 deaths
20th-century American physicians
American psychiatrists
People from Bridgeport, Connecticut
METRN

METRN
Meteorin, glial cell differentiation regulator is a protein that in humans is encoded by the METRN gene.
Function
Meteorin regulates glial cell differentiation and promotes the formation of axonal networks during neurogenesis. Aligned with its neurotrophic properties Meteorin promotes neurotic outgrowth of cultured dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons via a mechanism that involves satellite glial cells. Meteorin also has been shown to have profound and extremely long-lasting analgesic effects in animal models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain.
The human variant of the protein is currently being developed by the Danish biotechnology company, Hoba Therapeutics, for the treatment of neuropathic pain in humans.
References
Further reading
Yarankash

Yarankash (or Yaranqash) (died 1146) was a Frankish slave who assassinated his owner Zengi, the atabeg of Aleppo. According to Damascene chronicler Ibn al-Qalanisi:
Frankish slave Yarankash plotted assassination in September 1146, after the Imad al-Din Zengi drunkenly threatened him with punishment for drinking from his goblet.
"... one of [Zengi's] attendants, for whom he had a special affection and in whose company he delighted... who nursed a secret grudge against him on account of some injury previously done to him by the Atabeg, had, on finding an opportunity when he was off his guard in his drunkenness, and with the connivance and assistance of certain of his comrades amongst the attendants, assassinated him in his sleep on the eve of Sunday, 6th Second Rabi' (night of Saturday, 14 September)."
Yaranqash stabbed the atabeg numerous times and then fled to the fortress of Qal'at Ja'bar, and then from there to Damascus, "in the confident belief that he would be secure there, openly putting forward his action as a claim to consideration, and imagining that he would be made welcome." The governor, Mu'in ad-Din Unur, instead had him arrested and sent him to Zengi's son Nur al-Din in Aleppo. Nur al-Din sent him along to his brother Sayf al-Din Ghazi I in Mosul, who had him executed.
Sources
Steven Runciman, A History of the Crusades, Vol. II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem. Cambridge University Press, 1952.
The Damascus Chronicle of the Crusades, Extracted and Translated from the Chronicle of Ibn al-Qalanisi. H.A.R. Gibb, 1932 (reprint, Dover Publications, 2002).
1146 deaths
People from the Seljuk Empire
Medieval assassins
Year of birth unknown
12th-century executions
12th-century murderers
12th-century slaves
Frankish people
Darayya District

Darayya District is a district of the Rif Dimashq Governorate in southern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Darayya. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 260,961.
Sub-districts
The district of Darayya is divided into three sub-districts or nawāḥī (population as of 2004):
Localities in Darayya District
According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), the following villages, towns and cities make up the district of Darayya:
References
Districts of Rif Dimashq Governorate
John Yu

John Yu
John Samuel Yu (born 12 December 1934) is a Chinese-born Australian paediatrics doctor who served as CEO of the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children from 1979 until 1997. He was the Australian of the Year for 1996.
Early life and education
Born in Nanking (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province), China, he attended Fort Street High School and the University of Sydney in Sydney, Australia. John Yu discovered his passion for paediatric care and after starting work at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children in 1961 now called the New Children's Hospital, he eventually rose to become Head of Medicine in the hospital and later Chief Executive in 1979.
Career and later life
He was the chief executive officer of the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children at the time of its relocation from inner-city Camperdown to Westmead in western Sydney in 1995 (The hospital now uses the name The Children's Hospital at Westmead in addition to its official title), and served as the chancellor of the University of New South Wales from 2000 to 2005.
He was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in 1989 and was named Australian of the Year in 1996. He was promoted to Companion of the Order of Australia in 2001. In 2019 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of New South Wales.
Yu, as CEO of the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, publicly supported a bill introduced by Alan Corbett in the New South Wales Legislative Council to protect children from abuse and excessive physical chastisement. The bill passed in 2001, banning parents striking children above the shoulders (thus preventing neck, head, brain and facial injuries), and requiring that any physical force applied leave only trivial and short-lived signs such as redness (that is, no bruising, swelling, welts, cuts, grazes, internal injuries, emotional trauma, etc.).
On 10 October 2023, Yu was one of 25 Australians of the Year who signed an open letter supporting the Yes vote in the Indigenous Voice referendum, initiated by psychiatrist Patrick McGorry.
References
1934 births
Living people
Australian paediatricians
Australian chief executives
Companions of the Order of Australia
Fellows of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians
Fellows of the Royal Society of New South Wales
Australian of the Year Award winners
Chinese emigrants to Australia
Chancellors of the University of New South Wales
University of Sydney alumni
People educated at Fort Street High School