Melun

Melun is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region, north-central France. It is located on the southeastern outskirts of Paris, about from the centre of the capital. Melun is the prefecture of the Seine-et-Marne, and the seat of one of its arrondissements. Its inhabitants are called Melunais.
History
Meledunum began as a Gaulish town; Caesar noted Melun as "a town of the Senones, situated on an island in the Seine"; at the island there was a wooden bridge, which his men repaired. Roman Meledunum was a mutatio where fresh horses were kept available for official couriers on the Roman road south-southeast of Paris, where it forded the Seine. Around 500 A.D, Clovis I granted Melun to a Gallo-Roman magnate, Aurelianus, who had fought for Clovis several times and apparently influenced his conversion to Christianity.
The Normans sacked it in 845. The castle of Melun became a royal residence of the Capetian kings. Hugh Capet (See also: House of Capet) gave Melun to Bouchard, his favorite. In the reign of Hugh's son, Robert II of France, Eudes, the count of Champagne, bought the city, but the king took it back for Bouchard in 999. The chatelain Gautier and his wife, who had sold the city, were hanged; Eudes escaped. Robert died there in July 1031.
Robert of Melun (c. 1100 – 27 February 1167) was an English scholastic Christian theologian who taught in France, and later became Bishop of Hereford in England. He studied under Peter Abelard in Paris before teaching there and at Melun, which gave him his surname.
In July 1415, Melun was besieged by King Henry V of England, who had recently signed the Treaty of Troyes with King Charles VI of France. The town was in the hands of the Dauphin, later Charles VII of France, who had been dispossessed by the treaty. The defenders were led by Arnaud Guillaume, seigneur de Barbazan, and fought off the besiegers for fourteen weeks before capitulating. The town was liberated by Joan of Arc on 17 April 1430.
Counts of Melun
Aurelianus (c. 500)
Donatus (?-834)
Bouchard I (956/967–1005), also Count of Vendôme and Count of Paris
Viscounts of Melun
The early viscounts of Melun were listed by 17th and 18th century genealogists, notably Père Anselme. Based on closer reading of the original documents, Adolphe Duchalais constructed this list of viscounts in 1844:
Salo (c. 993; possibly legendary)
Joscelin I (c. 998)
William (possibly c. 1000)
Ursio (c. 1067–1085)
William the Carpenter (c. 1094)
Hilduin, Garin, Ursio II, Jean (unknown dates, possibly not viscounts)
Adam (c. 1138–1141; married Mahaut, daughter of his predecessor)
Joscelin II (c. 1156)
The title eventually became an honorary peerage. Such viscounts include Honoré Armand de Villars and Claude Louis Hector de Villars.
Population
Climate
Transport
Melun is served by the Gare de Melun, which is an interchange station on Paris RER line D, on the Transilien R suburban rail line, and on several national rail lines.
Main sights
The Collegiate Church of Notre-Dame, Melun was the original home of the Melun Diptych.
The nearby château of Vaux-le-Vicomte is considered a smaller predecessor of Palace of Versailles.
The officers' school of the French Gendarmerie is located in Melun.
Notable people
Melun is the birthplace of:
Morgan Ciprès (born 1991), pair skater
Jérémie Bela (born 1993), footballer
Willy Boly (born 1991), footballer
Pierre Certon (c.1510-1520-1572), composer of the Renaissance (probably born in Melun)
Jacques Amyot (1513–1593), writer
Chimène Badi (1982–), singer
Samir Beloufa (1979–), professional footballer
Raphaël Desroses (born 1980), basketball player
Khamis Digol (born 1998), footballer
Stéphane Dondon (born 1977), basketball player
Grégory Guilvert (born 1982), racing driver
Judah of Melun (13th century), French rabbi and tosafist
Yvan Kibundu (born 1989), footballer
Godson Kyeremeh (born 2000), footballer
Edmé-François Mallet (1713–1755), theologian and encyclopédiste
Steven Mouyokolo (born 1987), footballer
Granddi Ngoyi (born 1988), footballer
Yrétha Silété (born 1994), figure skater
Oumar Solet (born 2000), footballer
Bertrand Grospellier (1981–), poker player
William the Carpenter, viscount of Melun in the 11th century
Jean-Baptiste Djebbari (born 1982), politician and former Minister of Transport
Education
A campus of the École nationale de l'aviation civile (French civil aviation university) is located in Melun.
Public high schools/sixth form colleges:
Lycée Léonard de Vinci
Lycée Jacques-Amyot
Lycée Georges Sand
There is one private high school/sixth form college:
Lycée Saint Aspais
Twin towns – sister cities
Melun is twinned with:
Crema, Italy
Spelthorne, England, United Kingdom
Vaihingen (Stuttgart), Germany
See also
Communes of the Seine-et-Marne department
References
Sources
Initial text from the "Carpenters' Encyclopedia of Carpenters 2001" Compiled by John R. Carpenter.
The Viscounts and Counts of Melun are listed in Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln, Neue Folge, Volume VII, Tafels 55 & 56.
External links
Tourist office website
1999 Land Use, from IAURIF (Institute for Urban Planning and Development of the Paris-Île-de-France région)
Communes of Seine-et-Marne
Prefectures in France
Senones