PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
Red nucleus

Red nucleus
The red nucleus or nucleus ruber is a structure in the rostral midbrain involved in motor coordination. The red nucleus is pale pink, which is believed to be due to the presence of iron in at least two different forms: hemoglobin and ferritin. The structure is located in the tegmentum of the midbrain next to the substantia nigra and comprises caudal magnocellular and rostral parvocellular components. The red nucleus and substantia nigra are subcortical centers of the extrapyramidal motor system.
Function
In a vertebrate without a significant corticospinal tract, gait is mainly controlled by the red nucleus. However, in primates, where the corticospinal tract is dominant, the rubrospinal tract may be regarded as vestigial in motor function. Therefore, the red nucleus is less important in primates than in many other mammals. Nevertheless, the crawling of babies is controlled by the red nucleus, as is arm swinging in typical walking. The red nucleus may play an additional role in controlling muscles of the shoulder and upper arm via projections of its magnocellular part. In humans, the red nucleus also has limited control over hands, as the rubrospinal tract is more involved in large muscle movement such as that for the arms (but not for the legs, as the tract terminates in the superior thoracic region of the spinal cord). Fine control of the fingers is not modified by the functioning of the red nucleus but relies on the corticospinal tract. The majority of red nucleus axons do not project to the spinal cord but, via its parvocellular part, relay information from the motor cortex to the cerebellum through the inferior olivary complex, an important relay center in the medulla.
Input and output
The red nucleus receives many inputs from the cerebellum (interposed nucleus and the lateral cerebellar nucleus) of the opposite side and an input from the motor cortex of the same side.
The red nucleus has two sets of efferents:
In humans, the majority of the output goes to the bundle of fibers continues through the medial tegmental field toward the inferior olive of the same side, to form part of a pathway that ultimately influence the cerebellum.
The other output (the rubrospinal projection) goes to the rhombencephalic reticular formation and spinal cord of the opposite side, making up the rubrospinal tract, which runs ventral to the lateral corticospinal tract. As stated earlier, the rubrospinal tract is more important in non-primate species: in primates, because of the well-developed cerebral cortex, the corticospinal tract has taken over the role of the rubrospinal.
See also
List of regions in the human brain
Additional images
References
External links
Diagram at uni-tuebingen.de
Midbrain
Brainstem nuclei
List of bridges in Italy

List of bridges in Italy
This list of bridges in Italy lists bridges of particular historical, scenic, architectural or engineering interest. Road and railway bridges, viaducts, aqueducts and footbridges are included.
Historical and architectural interest bridges
Architectural bridges
Major road and railway bridges
This table presents the structures with spans greater than 200 meters (non-exhaustive list).
Planned bridges
Notes and References
Notes
Others references
See also
List of bridges in Rome
List of bridges in Venice
List of Roman bridges
List of aqueducts in the Roman Empire
Transport in Italy
Rail transport in Italy
Autostrade of Italy
State highway (Italy)
Geography of Italy
Italian architecture
External links
Further reading
قط نمري (جنس)

قط نمري (جنس)
القط النمري هو من الحيوانات الثديية تنتمي إلى فصيلة السنوريات وأسرة السنوراوات. يعيش معظم هذه القطط في أمريكا الوسطى والجنوبية، بينما يعيش عدد قليل من الأنواع في الولايات المتحدة. يتراوح وزن هذه القطط بين 2 إلى 5 كيلوغرام.
قائمة الأنواع
الأصلوت
قط الببر الشمالي
المارج
سنور الكودكود
قط البمبات
سنور جيفري
المراجع
أجناس الثدييات
أصنوفات سماها جون إدوارد غراي
ثدييات أمريكا الجنوبية
ثدييات أمريكا الشمالية
ثدييات أمريكا الوسطى
ثدييات وصفت في 1842
كائنات ظهرت أول مرة خلال العصر الحديث الأقرب
فصيلة السنانير الفرعية
Ahmad al-Qushashi

Ahmad al-Qushashi
Safi al-Din Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Dajani al-Qushashi (1583-1661) was a prominent Sufi master (murshid) of the Shattariyya order, who was born in Medina in 991 Hijri, or 1538 CE. His family descended from Tamim al-Dari, one of the companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
In 1602, his father took him to study from Yemeni scholars. After returning to Medina, he studied the Shattariyya order from Ahmad al-Shinnawi, who later also became his father-in-law. After Al-Shinnawi died, Al-Qushashi became his successor in teaching the Shattariyya order in Madina.
Al-Qushashi taught the order in a more Sharia-oriented nature and rejected the wahdat al-wujud teaching. This was a change from the previously more syncretic nature of the order. Thus, the dissemination of the Shattariya order by Al-Qushashi students also brought a more orthodox Sufism as their teacher.
Some of Al-Qushashi's well-known students from Southeast Asia including Abd al-Rauf al-Sinkili (Aceh), Abd al-Muhyi of Pamijahan (West Java), Yusuf al-Makassari (South Sulawesi), and Abd al-Malik ibn Abdullah (Trengganu).
After he died, the student who became his successor was Ibrahim al-Kurani, who maintained close relationships with the order's students from Southeast Asia.
See also
Abu'l-Mawahib al-Shinnawi
Shattari
References
Sufi religious leaders
1583 births
1661 deaths
16th-century Muslim scholars of Islam
17th-century Muslim scholars of Islam
People from Medina
.sn

.sn
sn. هو نطاق إنترنت من صِنف مستوى النطاقات العُليا في ترميز الدول والمناطق، للمواقع التي تنتمي إلى السنغال.
مراجع
استحداثات متعلقة بالحواسيب في 1993
الإنترنت في السنغال
خدمات الاتصالات في السنغال
رمز البلد لنطاقات المستوى الأعلى
نطاقات الإنترنت الدولية
تسونج لي

تسونج لي
تسونج داو لي هو عالم فيزيائي أمريكي من أصل صيني حائز على جائزة نوبل للفيزياء عام 1957 بالاشتراك مع تشين يانج وذلك عن بحوثهما واكتشاف عدم انحفاظ التجانس بفعل القوة الضعيفة.
ولد تسونج لي في 24 نوفمبر 1926 . ويعمل في مجالات عدم انحفاظ المجانسة و الجسيمات الأولية و أيون الأيونات الثقيلة ذات السرعات المقاربة لسرعة الضوء ، و له بحوث في تفسير خواص النجوم .
روابط خارجية
مراجع
أشخاص حصلوا على الجنسية الأمريكية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أعضاء أجانب في الأكاديمية الصينية للعلوم
أعضاء الأكاديمية البابوية للعلوم
أعضاء الأكاديمية الصينية
أعضاء الأكاديمية الوطنية الأمريكية للعلوم
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة برنستون
أعضاء هيئة تدريس معهد الدراسات المتقدمة
أمريكيون حازوا جائزة نوبل
أمريكيون من أصل صيني
حائزون على جائزة نوبل في الفيزياء
حائزون على زمالة غوغنهايم
حاصلون على ميدالية ماتيوتشي
خريجو جامعة تشجيانغ
خريجو جامعة شيكاغو
صينيون حازوا جائزة نوبل
صينيون مهاجرون إلى الولايات المتحدة
علماء أمريكيون من أصل صيني
علماء فيزياء الجسيمات
علماء من سوجو
علماء من شانغهاي
فيزيائيون أمريكيون
فيزيائيون أمريكيون في القرن 21
فيزيائيون صينيون
فيزيائيون نظريون
مواليد 1926
مواليد في شانغهاي
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة تشجيانغ
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة كولومبيا
Yengejeh, Meshgin Shahr

Yengejeh, Meshgin Shahr
Yengejeh is a village in Shaban Rural District, in the Central District of Meshgin Shahr County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 208, in 41 families.
References
Populated places in Meshgin Shahr County
شيراكامي-سانتشي

شيراكامي-سانتشي (تعني حرفيا "منطقة جبال الإله البيضاء") هو أحد مواقع التراث العالمي التي أقرتها منظمة اليونسكو في شمال جزيرة هونشو، اليابان. تتميز هذه المنطقة الجبلية باتساع الغابات البكر التي تمتد على طول محافظني أكيتا وآوموري. من إجمالي المساحة التي تبلغ 1,300 كيلومتر مربع تم تضمين مساحة تغطي 169.7 كيلومتر مربع في قائمة مواقع التراث العالمي في عام 1993. تشكل أشجار الزان نسبة كبيرة من غابات هذه المنطقة.
معلومات
كانت شيراكامي-سانتشي أحد أوائل المواقع التي دخلت قائمة التراث العالمي في اليابان، إلى جانب ياكوشيما ، قلعة هيميجي ، ومنطقة الآثار البوذية في هوريوجي في عام 1993.
يوجد في شيراكامي-سانتشي مناطق واسعة من الغابات التي لم تشملها قائمة التراث العالمي.
معالم
غابات الزان
من المعروف عادة أن الزان غير صالح لزراعة فطر الشيتاكي. ولذلك فإن غابات الزان لم تزعج قط من مزارعي فطر الشيتاكي وبقيت في حالة الحفظ بشكل أفضل بكثير من الغابات المحيطة بها.
أنمون نو تاكي (شلالات ظل البوابة)
تقع هذه الشلالات الثلاث في موقع التراث العالمي ويسهل الوصول إليها سيرا على الأقدام وهي شهيرة كأحد المعالم السياحية ذات الشعبية.
حيوانات
نقار الخشب الأسود
ظباء يابانية (نوع من الظباء الماعز)
نسر الجبل
العقاب الذهبي
الزغبة
الدب الآسيوي الأسود
حديقة تسوغارو شبه-الوطنية
يحد شيراكامي-سانتشي من الشرق حديقة تسوغارو شبه-الوطنية.
شيراكاميداكه
شيراكاميداكه هو أعلى ذروة في شيراكامي-سانتشي. يطل المنظر من القمة على المناطق المحيطة بها، إلا أن الذروة نفسها ليست جزءا من موقع التراث العالمي ولا تحتاج لإذن لصعود القمة. القمة مجهزة بدورات مياه ومأوى ومرافق الضرورية.
مهرجان يوكيونوميري شيراكامي
على سفح شيراكامي-سانتشي تقع بلدة هاتشيموري في مقاطعة ياماموتو من محافظة أكيتا حيث يعقد مهرجان سنوي في الهواء الطلق.
مراجع
أجيغساوا
بيئة اليابان
تأسيسات سنة 1993 في اليابان
جغرافيا آوموري
جغرافيا أكيتا
غابات اليابان
فوكورا
مناطق محمية أسست في 1993
مواقع التراث العالمي في اليابان
مواقع جذب سياحي في آوموري
مواقع جذب سياحي في أكيتا
Jadu Zehi Hajji Piri

Jadu Zehi Hajji Piri (also Romanized as Jādū Zehī Ḩājjī Pīrī; also known as Jāddeh Zā’ī, Jāddeh Zehī, Jado Zī, Jādū Zehī, Jad Zā’ī, and Jadzī) is a village in Polan Rural District, Polan District, Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 375, in 75 families.
References
Populated places in Chabahar County
Matplotlib

Matplotlib is a plotting library for the Python programming language and its numerical mathematics extension NumPy. It provides an object-oriented API for embedding plots into applications using general-purpose GUI toolkits like Tkinter, wxPython, Qt, or GTK. There is also a procedural "pylab" interface based on a state machine (like OpenGL), designed to closely resemble that of MATLAB, though its use is discouraged. SciPy makes use of Matplotlib.
Matplotlib was originally written by John D. Hunter. Since then it has had an active development community and is distributed under a BSD-style license. Michael Droettboom was nominated as matplotlib's lead developer shortly before John Hunter's death in August 2012 and was further joined by Thomas Caswell. Matplotlib is a NumFOCUS fiscally sponsored project.
Comparison with MATLAB
Pyplot is a Matplotlib module that provides a MATLAB-like interface. Matplotlib is designed to be as usable as MATLAB, with the ability to use Python, and the advantage of being free and open-source.
Examples
Toolkits
Several toolkits are available which extend Matplotlib functionality. Some are separate downloads, others ship with the Matplotlib source code but have external dependencies.
Basemap: map plotting with various map projections, coastlines, and political boundaries
Cartopy: a mapping library featuring object-oriented map projection definitions, and arbitrary point, line, polygon and image transformation capabilities. (Matplotlib v1.2 and above)
Excel tools: utilities for exchanging data with Microsoft Excel
GTK tools: interface to the GTK library
Qt interface
Mplot3d: 3-D plots
Natgrid: interface to the natgrid library for gridding irregularly spaced data.
tikzplotlib: export to Pgfplots for smooth integration into LaTeX documents (formerly known as matplotlib2tikz)
Seaborn: provides an API on top of Matplotlib that offers sane choices for plot style and color defaults, defines simple high-level functions for common statistical plot types, and integrates with the functionality provided by Pandas
Related projects
Biggles
Chaco
DISLIN
GNU Octave
gnuplotlib – plotting for numpy with a gnuplot backend
Gnuplot-py
PLplot – Python bindings available
SageMath – uses Matplotlib to draw plots
SciPy (modules plt and gplt)
Plotly – for interactive, online Matplotlib and Python graphs
Bokeh – Python interactive visualization library that targets modern web browsers for presentation
References
External links
Articles with example Python (programming language) code
Free plotting software
Free software programmed in Python
Python (programming language) scientific libraries
Science software that uses GTK
Science software that uses Qt
Alan Franco (footballer, born 1996)

Alan Franco (footballer, born 1996)
Alan Javier Franco (born 11 October 1996) is an Argentinian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Campeonato Brasileiro Série A club São Paulo.
Club career
Independiente
Born in Avellaneda, Franco joined Independiente in January 2015, from San Telmo. On 20 December 2016, he signed his first professional contract with the club, agreeing to a deal until 2020, and was promoted to the main squad shortly after.
Franco made his first team – and Primera División – debut on 18 March 2017, starting in a 0–0 home draw against San Martín de San Juan. He scored his first professional goal on 12 July, netting the first in a 4–2 Copa Sudamericana home defeat of Deportes Iquique.
Franco became a starter under Ariel Holan during the 2017 Copa Sudamericana, featuring in both legs of the Final against Flamengo.
Atlanta United
On 8 April 2021, Franco joined Major League Soccer side Atlanta United on a five-year contract as a designated player. He made his debut for the club on 27 April 2021 in the CONCACAF Champions League against the Philadelphia Union, the club losing 3–0.
São Paulo
On 5 January 2023, Franco joined Brazilian side São Paulo on a permanent deal, signing a three-year contract, with an option for another year.
International career
Franco made his international debut for Argentina on September 8, 2018 in a 3-0 international friendly against the Guatemala national football team.
Honours
Independiente
Copa Sudamericana: 2017
São Paulo
Copa do Brasil: 2023
References
External links
1996 births
Copa Sudamericana-winning players
Living people
Footballers from Avellaneda
Argentine men's footballers
Argentina men's international footballers
Men's association football central defenders
Argentine Primera División players
Major League Soccer players
Club Atlético Independiente footballers
Atlanta United FC players
Designated Players (MLS)
São Paulo FC players
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Brazil
Expatriate men's footballers in Brazil
Jacques Drielsma

Jacques Drielsma
Jacques Adam Drielsma
(14 October 1886 – 31 July 1974) was a Surinamese lawyer and notary who served as acting Prime Minister of Suriname in 1951, and Finance minister between 1949 and 1952. In 1957, he was sentenced to two years in prison for embezzlement.
Biography
Drielsma was born on 14 October 1886 in Amsterdam from a Surinamese mother and a Frisian father. After receiving his (non-academic law degree) in Suriname in 1916, he started to work as a lawyer. On 1 June 1926, he became a notary and successor to Da Costa who had retired.
Drielsma was first elected to the Colonial States in 1923. and served until 1930. On 27 June 1949, he became Minister of Finance in the cabinet of Julius Caesar de Miranda. In January 1952, he resigned due to a conflict of interest, because the Vervuurts Bank of which he was a commissioner was in bankruptcy court.
On 5 April 1951, he was appointed acting Prime Minister of Suriname, and served until 4 June 1951, when he was succeeded by Jan Buiskool.
Drielsma's notary office went bankrupt in 1956 with a debt of ƒ 1.15 million (about US$6.2 million in 2021). His notary office also acted as a mortgage bank where people could deposit their money at interest. About 400 people had an account at his office. On 27 July 1957, he was sentenced to two years imprisonment for embezzlement.
Drielsma died on 31 July 1974 in Paramaribo, at the age of 87.
Honours
Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau (1930).
Notes
References
1886 births
1974 deaths
Prime Ministers of Suriname
Lawyers from Amsterdam
Politicians from Amsterdam
Finance ministers of Suriname
Politicians convicted of embezzlement
20th-century Surinamese lawyers
Surinamese criminals
Heads of government who were later imprisoned
Officers of the Order of Orange-Nassau
Alfredo Esteves

Alfredo Esteves
Alfredo Manuel Mousinho Esteves (born 6 April 1976 in Lisbon, Portugal) is a Portuguese-East Timorese former footballer. He began his management career at Albion Park White Eagles before being sacked in the 2012 season. He is now currently the coach of Fernhill under 20s as well as being the coaching coordinator at Albion Park Junior Football Club.
International career
Esteves was the captain of the Timor-Leste national football team, and earned 14 caps for the squad between 2003 and 2008 when he decided to retire from the national team. He made his senior international debut in the 2004 Tiger Cup against Malaysia on 12 December 2004 and last played for the national team in the 2008 AFF Suzuki Cup qualification against Laos on 25 October 2008 when he scored his first ever international goal.
International goals
Personal life
Although born in Portugal, Esteves holds dual citizenship with Timor-Leste.
References
External links
1976 births
Living people
C.D. Aves players
East Timorese expatriate men's footballers
East Timorese football managers
East Timorese men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
Expatriate men's soccer players in Australia
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
Footballers from Lisbon
G.D. Gafanha players
Men's association football defenders
Minnesota Thunder players
Portuguese emigrants to East Timor
Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Australia
Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Portuguese expatriates in Australia
Portuguese expatriates in the United States
Portuguese men's footballers
Seacoast United Phantoms players
Timor-Leste men's international footballers
USL First Division players
ماساهيرو هاسمي

ماساهيرو هاسمي (باليابانية: 長谷見昌弘؛ بالكانا: はせみ まさひろ) مواليد 13 نوفمبر 1945 في طوكيو، هو سائق فورملا 1 ياباني سابق بدأ مسيرته الاحترافية سنة 1976. كان أول سباق له هو جائزة اليابان الكبرى 1976.
سباقات شارك فيها
لو مان 24 ساعة
سوبر فورمولا
بطولة العالم للسيارات الرياضية
مراجع
http://www.jaf.or.jp/CGI/msports/results/n-race/detail-driver.cgi?driver_id=3555
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
سائقو سيارات سباق يابانيون
سائقو فورمولا 1 يابانيون
سائقو لو مان 24 ساعة
مواليد 1945
مواليد في طوكيو
سائقو سيارات سباق من طوكيو
سائقو ديتونا 24 ساعة
Graham Warren

Graham Warren (1926 in Suva, Fiji – 2005) was an international motorcycle speedway rider who finished third in the 1950 Speedway World Championship final and was a member of the Australian national speedway team.
Career
Warren arrived in the UK in March 1948 and signed up with the Birmingham Brummies in the National League Division Two. The Brummies finished second and were promoted to National League Division One for the 1949 season. In sixty meetings that season, Warren was unbeaten by an opponent in twenty five of them and averaged almost eleven points a match. In the May 1948, just two months after arriving in the UK for a trial with Birmingham, Warren was selected to ride for Australia. By 1949 he was the captain of his country. In 1949, despite being in a tougher division he still scored almost ten points a meeting and he qualified for his first World Final.
In 1949, he finished third in the Australian Championship and finished second a year later in 1950. Also in 1950, Warren qualified and finished in third place during the 1950 Individual Speedway World Championship. In early 1951, a severe accident at a meeting in New Zealand left Warren with a triple skull fracture and his career was never to hit the heights of 1950 again.
World final appearances
1949 - London, Wembley Stadium - 12th - 5pts
1950 - London, Wembley Stadium - 3rd - 12pts
1952 - London, Wembley Stadium - 13th - 5pts
1953 - London, Wembley Stadium - 12th - 5pts
References
1926 births
2005 deaths
Australian speedway riders
Birmingham Brummies riders
Coventry Bees riders
Wolverhampton Wolves riders
Carl Wilhelm Wirtz

Carl Wilhelm Wirtz (24 August 1876 in Krefeld – 18 February 1939 in Hamburg) was an astronomer who spent his time between the Kiel Observatory in Germany and the Observatory of Strasbourg, France. He is known for statistically showing the existence of a redshift-distance correlation for spiral galaxies.
Scientific career
As already Vesto Slipher in 1912, Wirtz in 1918 observed a systematic redshift of spiral nebulae, which was difficult to interpret in terms of a cosmological model in which the Universe is filled more or less uniformly with stars and nebulae. Wirtz additionally used the equivalent in German of K correction. The term continues to be used in present-day observational cosmology, but Wirtz's observational evidence that the Universe is expanding is not often mentioned. He wrote:
In 1922, he wrote a paper where he argued that the observational results suggest, that the redshifts of distant galaxies are becoming higher than more closer ones, which he interpreted as an increase of their radial velocities with distance, and that larger masses have smaller redshifts than smaller ones. In another note of the same year, he argued that counter-clockwise spiraling galaxies have smaller redshifts than clockwise spiraling ones. In 1924 he obtained more precise results, and interpreted them both as a confirmation of an increase of radial velocities with distance, but also as confirmation of a de Sitter universe, in which the increase of redshift is seen as caused by an increased time dilation in distant parts of the universe.
In 1936, Wirtz wrote a short paper alluding to the priority for his 1922-conclusion that the radial velocities of galaxies are increasing with their distance.
Honors
Mars-crossing asteroid 26074 Carlwirtz and the Martian crater Wirtz were named after him.
See also
Hubble's law
References
External links
Carl Wilhelm Wirtz, www.klima-luft.de
Carl Wilhelm Wirtz – Pioneer in Cosmic Dimensions, W. C. Seitter, & H. W. Duerbeck (1999)
Carl Wilhelm Wirtz @ Astrophysics Data System
20th-century German astronomers
1876 births
1939 deaths
People from Krefeld
Academic staff of the University of Strasbourg
Recipients of the Lalande Prize
لويزة مقوسة الورق

لويزة مقوسة الورق (الاسم العلمي:Aloysia arcuifolia) هو نوع نباتي يتبع جنس اللويزة من فصيلة اللويزية.
انظر أيضاً
لويزة
قائمة أنواع اللويزة
مراجع
لويزة مقوسة الورق
مقوسة الورق
نباتات بوليفيا