Report

Report
A report is a document that presents information in an organized format for a specific audience and purpose. Although summaries of reports may be delivered orally, complete reports are almost always in the form of written documents.
Usage
In modern business scenario, reports play a major role in the progress of business. Reports are the backbone to the thinking process of the establishment and they are responsible, to a great extent, in evolving an efficient or inefficient work environment.
The significance of the reports includes:
Reports present adequate information on various aspects of the business.
All the skills and the knowledge of the professionals are communicated through reports.
Reports help the top line in decision making.
A rule and balanced report also helps in problem solving.
Reports communicate the planning, policies and other matters regarding an organization to the masses. News reports play the role of ombudsman and levy checks and balances on the establishment.
Attributes
One of the most common formats for presenting reports is IMRAD—introduction, methods, results, and discussion. This structure, standard for the genre, mirrors traditional publication of scientific research and summons the ethos and credibility of that discipline. Reports are not required to follow this pattern and may use alternative methods such as the problem-solution format, wherein the author first lists an issue and then details what must be done to fix the problem. Transparency and a focus on quality are keys to writing a useful report. Accuracy is also important. Faulty numbers in a financial report could lead to disastrous consequences.
Standard elements
Reports use features such as tables, graphics, pictures, voice, or specialized vocabulary in order to persuade a specific audience to undertake an action or inform the reader of the subject at hand. Some common elements of written reports include headings to indicate topics and help the reader locate relevant information quickly, and visual elements such as charts, tables and figures, which are useful for breaking up large sections of text and making complex issues more accessible. Lengthy written reports will almost always contain a table of contents, appendices, footnotes, and references. A bibliography or list of references will appear at the end of any credible report and citations are often included within the text itself. Complex terms are explained within the body of the report or listed as footnotes in order to make the report easier to follow. A short summary of the report's contents, called an abstract, may appear in the beginning so that the audience knows what the report will cover. Online reports often contain hyperlinks to internal or external sources as well.
Verbal reports differ from written reports in the minutiae of their format, but they still educate or advocate for a course of action. Quality reports will be well researched and the speaker will list their sources if at all possible.
Structure of a report
A typical report would include the following sections in it:
Title page
Executive summary
Table of contents
Introduction
Discussion or body
Conclusion
Recommendations
Reference list
Appendices.
Types
Some examples of reports are:
Annual reports
Auditor's reports
Book reports
Bound report
Retail report
Census reports
Credit reports
Demographic reports
Expense report
Experience report
Incident report
Inspection reports
Military reports
Police reports
Policy reports
Informal reports
Progress reports
Investigative reports
Technical or scientific reports
Trip reports
White papers
Appraisal reports
Workplace reports
See also
Customer relationship management
Data quality
Decision support system
Enterprise application integration
Enterprise resource planning
Global Reporting Initiative
Grey Literature International Steering Committee – International guidelines for the production of scientific and technical reports
Management information system
References
Further reading
Blick, Ronald (2003). "Write!". Prentice Hall. .
Gerson, Sharon and Gerson, Steven (2005). Technical Writing: Process and Product. Prentice-Hall. .
Lannon, John (2007). Technical Communication. Longman. .