Muhammad Jamil Bayham

Muhammad Jamil Bayham (1887–1978) was an Arab-Lebanese historian, politician, writer and reformer who wrote dozens of books and articles. Bayham worked for the independence of Syria and Lebanon, defended the Arabism of Palestine, and called for the liberation of women. He is considered a pioneer of the political, social and intellectual renaissance in Lebanon and the Arab world.
Family
Muhammad Jamil bin Muhammad Mustafa bin Hussein Bayhum Al-Itan was born and died in Beirut. He was descended from the Itani family, an ancient family in the city which traced their origins back to Morocco. The Beyham family was active in political, social and economic activities. Ibrahim Beyhem Pasha was an amir (prince), and Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent appointed him to command the Ottoman fleet; he became grand vizier in 1522 AD. Najib Beyhem Al-Itani had close ties with Pope Lewn. Hussein Beyhum was known for his charitable deeds in Beirut and elsewhere in Lebanon, and the family was associated with Prince Bashir Al-Shihabi. Omar Bey Beyhem was the head of the Shura Council during the era of Egyptian rule from 1831 to 1840. When Sheikh Saeed Jumblatt was imprisoned in Beirut in the wake of the 1860 civil conflict, Mustafa Effendi Beyhem cared for him in prison.
Cultural and intellectual activity
Bayham held a number of political and scientific positions. In 1905, he became a member of the Makassed Islamic Charitable Association in Beirut. Bayham became a member of the Islamic Charitable Society in Istanbul in 1908. In 1910, he was appointed to the Ottoman fleet management board. Bayham was appointed to the Beirut Municipal Council in 1915. The following year, he became honorary head of the Agricultural Bank branch in Beirut vilayet. Bayham was appointed as a deputy in the Arab government in 1919, and received a doctoral degree on the mandate over Syria and Iraq from the University of Paris in 1928. He was a member of the Syrian Reform Party, defending Arabic language and literature, and became a member of the Lebanese Scientific Academy in 1929 and the Iraqi Scientific Academy a decade later. Bayham headed the Union of Parties Lebanese Anti-Zionist movement in 1944. He defended the political and social rights of women. Bayham and his wife Nazik al-Abid founded an association to combat prostitution in 1933, defying French Mandate officials who encouraged Lebanese prostitution with legislation.
Works
Women in Modern Civilization (1927)
Women in History and Laws
Women in Arab Civilization
Palestine: Andalusia of the East (1946)
The Philosophy of Ottoman History in Two Parts (1925–1954)The Girl of the East in the Civilization of the WestThe Veteran Era in Syria and LebanonThe Arabness of LebanonLebanon Between East and WestPolitical Tendencies in LebanonThe Two Mandates in Iraq and SyriaArab Convoys and Processions Through the Ages (two parts)The Missing Link in the History of the ArabsArabism and Modern PopulismA Modern Free WorldArab Unity Between the TidesThe First Sultans of TurkeyArabs and Turks in the Conflict Between East and WestThe Philosophy of the History of MuhammadStudy and Analysis of the Original Arab EraWomen in Islam and Western Civilization Further reading
Historian Muhammad Jamil Beyhem (1887–1978)'' by Hassan Hallaq
References
1887 births
1978 deaths
Lebanese writers
Lebanese Arab nationalists
Lebanese politicians
People from Beirut
People from Beirut vilayet