Salsoloideae

Salsoloideae
The Salsoloideae are a subfamily of the Amaranthaceae, formerly in family Chenopodiaceae.
Description
These are herbs, subshrubs, shrubs and some trees. Stems and leaves are often succulent. The ovary contains a spiral embryo. In most genera, scarious wings develop at the outside of the fruiting perianth, allowing for dispersal by the wind (anemochory).
In tribe Caroxyleae, the stamens have vesiculose anther appendages, discolor with anthers, that probably play a role for insect pollination. In tribe Salsoleae the anther appendages are absent or small and inconspicuous.
Distribution
The area with most species (center of diversity) are the deserts and semideserts of Central-Asia and the Middle East. Distribution of the subfamily extends to the Mediterranean, to Middle-Europe, north and south Africa, and Australia, some species have also been introduced to America. Many species grow in dry habitats (xerophytes) or tolerate salty soils (halophytes), some are ruderals.
Photosynthesis pathway
Salsoloideae are plants (with a few exceptions in tribe Salsoleae). Tribe Caroxyleae is exclusively of the NAD-malic enzyme subtype. Most Salsoleae also use the NADP-malic enzyme.
Taxonomy
The type genus of subfamily Salsoloideae is Salsola L. According to recent research, the former classification did not reflect the phylogenetic relationship, so that the subfamily had to be reclassified; it is now split in two tribes, Caroxyleae and Salsoleae (in the strict sense). The tribe Camphorosmeae is now treated in its own subfamily, Camphorosmoideae.
Caroxyleae
Caroxyleae Akhani & E. H. Roalson (as "Caroxyloneae")
Caroxylon Thunb., with 43 species
Climacoptera Botsch., with 41 species
Halarchon Bunge, with one species
Halarchon vesiculosum (Moq.) Bunge
Halimocnemis C. A. Mey., with 27 species (Syn. Gamanthus Bunge, Halanthium C. Koch, Halotis Bunge)
Halocharis Moq., with 7 species
Kaviria Akhani & E. H. Roalson, with 10 species
Nanophyton Less., with ca. 10 species
Ofaiston Raf., with one species
Ofaiston monandrum (Pall.) Moq.
Petrosimonia Bunge, with 12 species
Piptoptera Bunge, with one species
Piptoptera turkestana Bunge
Physandra Botsch., with one species
Physandra halimocnemis (Botsch.) Botsch.
Pyankovia Akhani & E. H. Roalson, with one species
Pyankovia brachiata (Pall.) Akhani & E. H. Roalson
Salsoleae
Anabasis L. (incl. Fredolia (Coss. & Durieu ex Bunge) Ulbr.), with 29 species
Arthrophytum Schrenk, with 9 species
Cornulaca Delile, with 5 species
Cyathobasis Aellen, with one species:
Cyathobasis fruticulosa (Bunge) Aellen
Girgensohnia Bunge ex Fenzl, with 4 species
Halogeton C. A. Mey, with 5 species. (Syn. Agathophora (Fenzl) Bunge, Micropeplis Bunge)
Halothamnus Jaub. & Spach, with 21 species
Haloxylon Bunge, with 2 species
Haloxylon ammodendron
Haloxylon persicum
Hammada Iljin, with 12 species
Horaninowia Fisch. & C. A. Mey, with 6 species
Kali Mill., with 13 species:
Kali turgidum Moench (Syn. Salsola kali subsp. kali)
Kali tragus (L.) Scop. (Syn. Salsola kali subsp. tragus)
Lagenantha Chiov. (Syn.: Gyroptera Botsch.) Classification not sure. With 1-3 species.
Noaea Moq., with 3 species
Nucularia Batt., Classification not sure. With one species:
Nucularia perrini Batt.
Rhaphidophyton Iljin, with one species
Rhaphidophyton regelii (Bunge) Iljin
Salsola L., with 25 species. (Syn. Darneilla Maire & Weiller, Fadenia Aellen & Townsend, Neocaspia Tzvelev, Hypocylix Wol.)
Seidlitzia Bunge ex Boiss.
Sympegma Bunge
Traganum Del., with 2 species
Traganopsis Maire et Wilczek, with one species
Traganopsis glomerata Maire & Wilczek
Turania Akhani & E. H. Roalson, with 4 species
Xylosalsola Tzvelev, with 4 species
Classification within Salsoleae unclear:
"Canarosalsola"-Clade:
Salsola divaricata Masson ex Link.
"Collinosalsola"-Clade:
Salsola arbusculiformis Drob.
Salsola laricifolia Turcz. ex Litw.
"Oreosalsola"-Clade:
Salsola abrotanoides Bunge
Salsola botschantzevii Kurbanov
Salsola flexuosa Botsch.
Salsola junatovii Botsch.
Salsola lipschitzii Botsch.
Salsola maracandica Iljin
Salsola masenderanica Botsch.
Salsola montana Litw.
Salsola oreophila Botsch.
Salsola tianschanica Botsch.
Others:
Salsola genistoides Juss. ex Poir.
Salsola pachyphylla Botsch.
Salsola webbii Moq.
Classification in subfamily not sure
Iljinia Korovin, with one species:
Iljinia regelii (Bunge) Korovin
References
External links
Amaranthaceae
Caryophyllales subfamilies