List of political ideologies

List of political ideologies
In social studies, a political ideology is a certain set of ethical ideals, principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social movement, institution, class or large group that explains how society should work and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order. A political ideology largely concerns itself with how to allocate power and to what ends it should be used. Some political parties follow a certain ideology very closely while others may take broad inspiration from a group of related ideologies without specifically embracing any one of them. An ideology's popularity is partly due to the influence of moral entrepreneurs, who sometimes act in their own interests. Political ideologies have two dimensions: (1) goals: how society should be organized; and (2) methods: the most appropriate way to achieve this goal.
An ideology is a collection of ideas. Typically, each ideology contains certain ideas on what it considers to be the best form of government (e.g. autocracy or democracy) and the best economic system (e.g. capitalism or socialism). The same word is sometimes used to identify both an ideology and one of its main ideas. For instance, socialism may refer to an economic system, or it may refer to an ideology that supports that economic system. The same term may also refer to multiple ideologies, which is why political scientists try to find consensus definitions for these terms. For example, while the terms have been conflated at times, communism has come in common parlance and in academics to refer to Soviet-type regimes and Marxist–Leninist ideologies, whereas socialism has come to refer to a wider range of differing ideologies which are most often distinct from Marxism–Leninism.
Political ideology is a term fraught with problems, having been called "the most elusive concept in the whole of social science". While ideologies tend to identify themselves by their position on the political spectrum (such as the left, the centre or the right), they can be distinguished from political strategies (e.g. populism as it is commonly defined) and from single issues around which a party may be built (e.g. civil libertarianism and support or opposition to European integration), although either of these may or may not be central to a particular ideology. Several studies show that political ideology is heritable within families.
The following list is strictly alphabetical and attempts to divide the ideologies found in practical political life into several groups, with each group containing ideologies that are related to each other. The headers refer to the names of the best-known ideologies in each group. The names of the headers do not necessarily imply some hierarchical order or that one ideology evolved out of the other. Instead, they are merely noting that the ideologies in question are practically, historically, and ideologically related to each other. As such, one ideology can belong to several groups and there is sometimes considerable overlap between related ideologies. The meaning of a political label can also differ between countries and political parties often subscribe to a combination of ideologies.
Anarchism
Political internationals
Anarkismo (platformism and specifism)
Informal Anarchist Federation (insurrectionary anarchism)
International of Anarchist Federations (synthesis anarchism)
International Confederation of Labor (anarcho-syndicalism and revolutionary syndicalism)
International Union of Anarchists (anarcho-communism)
International Workers' Association (anarcho-syndicalism)
Classical
Post-classical
Contemporary
Opposition
Anti-anarchism
Authoritarianism
Religious variants
Regional variants
African
American
Asian
European
Oceanian
Australia
New Zealand
Authoritarianism
General
Other
Opposition
Anti-fascism
Anti-monarchism
Decolonization
Religious variants
Theocracy
Regional variants
African
American
Asian
European
Communitarianism
General
Other
Regional variants
Kibbutz
Obshchina
Singapore
Zadruga
Communism
Political internationals
Authoritarian
Leninism
Marxism–Leninism
Libertarian
Marxism
Other
Opposition
Anti-communism
McCarthyism
Pinochetism
Anti-Marxism
Anti-socialism
Religious variants
Christian communism
Bruderhofs
Diggers
Hutterites
Shakers
Islamic communism
Jewish communism
Regional variants
African
American
Asian
European
Oceanian
Australia
New Zealand
Conservatism
Political internationals
International Democrat Union (conservatism)
International Monarchist League (monarchism)
General
Reactionary
Opposition
Religious variants
Regional variants
African
American
United States
Asian
European
Oceanian
Corporatism
General
Other
Religious variants
Christian corporatism
Distributism
Regional variants
Western Europe
Democracy
General
Other
Direct democracy movements
Pirate politics
Political internationals
Opposition
Anti-democratism
Religious variants
Christian democracy
Political internationals
Centrist Democrat International (Christian democracy)
Christian Democrat Organization of America (Christian democracy)
General
Distributism
Social credit movement
Gremialismo
Popularism
Other
Other
Christian democracy
Islamic democracy
Jewish democracy
Theodemocracy
Regional variants
African
Egypt
Morocco
Asian
American
European
Oceanian
Australia
Environmentalism
Political internationals
Friends of the Earth (environmentalism)
Global Greens (green politics)
World Ecological Parties (bright green environmentalism)
Bright green environmentalism
Deep green environmentalism
Light green environmentalism
Other
Opposition
Anti-environmentalism
Wise use movement
Religious variants
Regional variants
African
South Africa
American
United States
Asian
European
Switzerland
Oceanian
Australia
New Zealand
Fascism
Political internationals
World Union of National Socialists (Nazism)
General
Other
Opposition
By country
Religious variants
Regional variants
African
Rwanda
South Africa
Blanke Bevrydingsbeweging
Togo
Zaire
American
Asian
European
Oceanian
Australia
New Zealand
Neo-Nazism
Identity politics
Political internationals
International Council of Women (feminism)
Minority Rights Group International (minority rights)
Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (indigenous rights and self-determination)
Age-related rights movements
Animal-related rights movements
Disability-related rights movements
Feminism
General
Opposition
Antifeminism
Chronological variants
Ethnic and social variants
Religious variants
Regional variants
African
American
Asian
European
Oceanian
Australia
New Zealand
LGBT social movements
Men's movement
Regional variants
Self-determination movements
African-American
Indigenous peoples
Latin American
Separatist and supremacist movements
Ethnic
Black
Black nationalism
Black separatism
Black supremacism
White
Alt-right movement
White nationalism
White separatism
White supremacism
Regional variants
African
South Africa
American
Asian
Pakistan
European
Belgium
Bosnia, and Herzegovina
Georgia
Separatism in Chechnya
Separatism in Dagestan
Separatism in Tatarstan
Separatism in Ural
Serbia
Spain
Basque separatism
Catalan separatism
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Oceania
Australia
Tasmania
Gender
Feminist separatism
Lesbian separatism
Homonationalism
Matriarchy
Patriarchy
Religious variants
Student movements
General
Anarchist free school movement
Student activism
Regional variants
Liberalism
Political internationals
Liberal International (liberalism)
Transnational Radical Party (radicalism)
General
Other
Opposition
Anti-liberalism
Illiberal democracy
Regional variants
African
American
Asian
European
Oceanian
Australia
New Zealand
Libertarianism
Political internationals
Center for a Stateless Society (left-libertarianism)
International Alliance of Libertarian Parties (right-libertarianism)
International of Anarchist Federations (anarchism)
International Union for Land Value Taxation (geoism)
Liberty International (right-libertarianism)
Left-libertarianism
Right-libertarianism
Other
Opposition
Anti-libertarianism
Religious variants
Christian libertarianism
Libertarian Christianity
Regional variants
African
South Africa
Anarchism
American
United States
Asian
Hong Kong
European
United Kingdom
Anarchism
Anarcho-communism
Anarcho-naturism
Individualist anarchism
Thatcherism
Oceanian
Australia
Anarchism
Anarcho-technocracy
Nationalism
Political internationals
International Conference of Asian Political Parties (pan-Asianism and regionalism)
The Movement (neo-nationalism and right-wing populism)
Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (nationalism and self-determination)
General
Other
Opposition
Religious variants
Regional variants
African
American
Asian
European
Oceanian
Australia
New Zealand
Māori
South Island
Unification movements
Populism
Political internationals
Foro de São Paulo (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, social democracy and socialism of the 21st century)
The Movement (neo-nationalism and right-wing populism)
Progressive International (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, progressivism and social democracy)
General
Left-wing populism
Right-wing populism
Other
Regional variants
African
Arab Spring movement
Asian
American
European
Oceanian
Australia
One Nation Party
New Zealand
New Zealand First
Progressivism
Political internationals
Progressive Alliance (progressivism and social democracy)
Progressive International (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, progressivism and social democracy)
General
Economic progressivism
Social progressivism
Techno-progressivism
Transnational progressivism
Other
Progressive conservatism
Reform movement
Social justice movement
Technocracy movement
Opposition
Anti-progressivism
Religious variants
Islamic progressivism
Progressive Christianity
Regional variants
Religio-political ideologies
Political internationals
Centrist Democrat International (Christian democracy)
Hizb ut-Tahrir (Islamism)
Humanist International (humanism)
Muslim Brotherhood (Islamism)
General
Political atheism and agnosticism
Atheist feminism
Marxist–Leninist atheism
Secular humanism
Secular liberalism
State atheism
Political Baháʼí Faith
New world order (Baháʼí)
Opposition
Political Buddhism
Political Christianity
Political Confucianism
Neo-Confucianism
New Confucianism
Political Hinduism
Political indigenous religions
Maori environmentalism
Political Islam
Political Judaism
Political Neopaganism
Political Shinto
State Shinto
Showa Statism
Political Sikhism
Khalistan movement
Sikh feminism
Political Taoism
Huang–Lao
Way of the Five Pecks of Rice
Way of the Taiping
Political Zoroastrianism
Mazdakism
Satirical and anti-politics
General
Abstentionism
Anti-Centrism
Apoliticism
Other
Populism
Anti-politics
Religious variants
Political quietism
Regional variants
Social democracy
Political internationals
Foro de São Paulo (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, social democracy and socialism of the 21st century)
Progressive Alliance (progressivism and social democracy)
Progressive International (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, progressivism and social democracy)
Socialist International (democratic socialism and social democracy)
General
Other
Opposition
Anti-welfarism
Lemon socialism
Social fascism
Regional variants
African
American
Asian
European
Oceanian
Australia
Melanesia
New Zealand
Socialism
Political internationals
African Socialist International (African socialism, Pan-Africanism)
Foro de São Paulo (democratic socialism, left-wing populism and socialism of the 21st century)
Progressive International (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, progressivism and social democracy)
Socialist International (democratic socialism and social democracy)
World Socialist Movement (anti-Leninism, classical Marxism, impossibilism and international socialism)
General
Authoritarian
Libertarian
Other
Opposition
Anti-socialism
Religious variants
Regional variants
African
American
Asian
European
Oceanian
Syndicalism
Political internationals
International Confederation of Labor (anarcho-syndicalism and revolutionary syndicalism)
International Workers' Association (anarcho-syndicalism)
General
Other
Opposition
Anti-unionism
Regional variants
Transhumanism
Political internationals
Humanity+ (transhumanist politics)
General
Anarcho-transhumanism
Democratic transhumanism
Libertarian transhumanism
Other
Regional variants
United States
See also
Direct democracy
Ideology
List of communist ideologies
List of forms of government
List of ideologies named after people
List of political systems in France
Participatory democracy
Political international
Political party
Representative democracy
Suffrage
Universal suffrage
References
External links
Useful Notes/Political Ideologies
Political Ideologies: Guide to Understand Different Beliefs
list