École des Beaux-Arts

École des Beaux-Arts
) refers to a number of influential art schools in France. The term is associated with the Beaux-Arts style in architecture and city planning that thrived in France and other countries during the late nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century.
The most famous and oldest is the in Paris, now located on the city's left bank across from the Louvre, at 14 rue Bonaparte (in the 6th arrondissement). The school has a history spanning more than 350 years, training many of the great artists in Europe. Beaux-Arts style was modeled on classical "antiquities", preserving these idealized forms and passing the style on to future generations.
History
The origins of the Paris school go back to 1648, when the was founded by Cardinal Mazarin to educate the most talented students in drawing, painting, sculpture, engraving, architecture and other media. Louis XIV was known to select graduates from the school to decorate the royal apartments at Versailles, and in 1863, Napoleon III granted the school independence from the government, changing the name to "". Women were admitted beginning in 1897.
The curriculum was divided into the "Academy of Painting and Sculpture" and the "Academy of Architecture". Both programs focused on classical arts and architecture from Ancient Greek and Roman culture. All students were required to prove their skills with basic drawing tasks before advancing to figure drawing and painting. This culminated in a competition for the Grand Prix de Rome, awarding a full scholarship to study in Rome. The three trials to obtain the prize lasted for nearly three months. Many of the most famous artists in Europe were trained here, including Géricault, Degas, Delacroix, Fragonard, Ingres, Moreau, Renoir, Seurat, Cassandre, and Sisley. Rodin however, applied on three occasions but was refused entry. Paul Cézanne applied twice but was turned down. Bernard was suspended for stylistic "errors".
The buildings of the school are largely the creation of French architect Félix Duban, who was commissioned for the main building in 1830. His work realigned the campus, and continued through 1861, completing an architectural program out towards the Quai Malaquais.
The Paris school is the namesake and founding location of the Beaux Arts architectural movement in the early twentieth century. Known for demanding classwork and setting the highest standards for education, the École attracted students from around the world—including the United States, where students returned to design buildings that would influence the history of architecture in America, including the Boston Public Library, 1888–1895 (McKim, Mead & White), the Supreme Court of the United States, (Cass Gilbert, Cass Gilbert Jr., and John R. Rockart), and the New York Public Library, 1897–1911 (Carrère and Hastings). Architectural graduates, especially in France, are granted the title élève.
The architecture department was separated from the École after the May 1968 student strikes at the Sorbonne. The name was changed to . Today, over 500 students make use of an extensive collection of classical art coupled with modern additions to the curriculum, including photography and hypermedia.
Institutions
ENSA École nationale des beaux arts de Dijon
ENSA École nationale des beaux arts de Bourges
ENSBA École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts de Lyon
European Academy of Art (EESAB) in Lorient, Rennes, Quimper, and Brest
ESADMM École supérieure d'art et de design Marseille-Méditerranée
ENSA École nationale des beaux arts de Nancy
(ENSBA), Paris
ESAD , Valence
EBABX École supérieure des beaux-arts de Bordeaux
Notable instructors, Paris
Marina Abramović
Pierre Alechinsky
Mirra Alfassa
Louis-Jules André
Antoine Berjon
François Boisrond
Christian Boltanski
Léon Bonnat
Duchenne de Boulogne
Jean-Marc Bustamante
Alexandre Cabanel
Pierre Carron
César
Jean-François Chevrier
Claude Closky
Jules Coutan
Leonardo Cremonini
Richard Deacon
Aimé-Jules Dalou
Paul Delaroche
Lin Fengmian
Louis Girault
Fabrice Hybert
François Jouffroy
Victor Laloux
Paul Landowski
Jean-Paul Laurens
Charles Le Brun
Michel Marot
Annette Messager
Gustave Moreau
Jean-Louis Pascal
Auguste Perret,
Emmanuel Pontremoli
Charles-Caïus Renoux
Paul Richer
Ary Scheffer
Louis Sullivan, American architect, left after one year
Pan Yuliang
Raymond Legueult
Maurice Brianchon
Notable alumni, Paris
David Adler, architect, American
Wahbi al-Hariri, architect, artist, American-Syrian
August Friedrich Schenck, painter, French/German
Nadir Afonso, painter
Mardiros Altounian, architect, Armenian
Rodolfo Amoedo, painter
Émile André, architect, French
Paul Andreu, French architect, 1968 graduate
Théodore Ballu, architect
Myron G. Barlow, painter, American
Frederic Charles Hirons, architect, American
Edward Bennett, architect, city planner
Jules Benoit-Levy, painting
Étienne-Prosper Berne-Bellecour, painter
Robert Bery, painter
Alexander Bogen, painter
Wim Boissevain, painter, Dutch-Australian
Maurice Boitel, painter
Pierre Bonnard, painter
Jacques Borker, tapestry designer, painter, sculptor, French artist.
Joseph-Félix Bouchor, painter
William-Adolphe Bouguereau, painter
Antoine Bourdelle, sculptor, French
Louis Bourgeois, architect, French Canadian
George T. Brewster, sculptor, American
Bernard Buffet, painter
Carlo Bugatti, designer and furniture maker, Italian
John James Burnet, architect
Alexandre Cabanel
Duncan Candler, architect, American
Paul Chalfin, painter and designer, American
Charles Frédéric Chassériau, architect, French
Alfred Choubrac, poster artist and costume designer, French
Léon Choubrac, illustrator and poster artist, French
Araldo Cossutta, architect, Yugoslavian-American
Suzor-Coté, painter
Henri Crenier, sculptor
John Walter Cross, architect, American
Cyrus Dallin, sculptor, American
Jacques-Louis David, painter
Gabriel Davioud, architect
Marie-Abraham Rosalbin de Buncey, painter, French
Edgar Degas, painter, French
Eugène Delacroix, painter, French
Jenny Eakin Delony, painter, American
Constant-Désiré Despradelle, architect, French
Henry d'Estienne painter, French
Félix Duban, architect, French
Thomas Eakins, painter, American
Pierre Farel, painter, French
Ernest Flagg, architect, American
Jean-Honoré Fragonard, painter, French
Yitzhak Frenkel, Israeli French painter, father of modern Israeli art
Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller, sculptor, painter, poet, American
Fang Ganmin, painter, Chinese
Charles Garnier, architect, French
Tony Garnier, architect, French
Adrien Étienne Gaudez, sculptor, French
Théodore Géricault, painter, French
Heydar Ghiaï-Chamlou, architect, Iranian
Georges Gimel, painter, French
Charles Ginner, painter
Louis Girault, architect, French
Hubert de Givenchy, fashion designer
André Godard, designer of University of Tehran main campus
Alan Gourley – painter and stained glass artist
Jean Baptiste Guth, portrait artist
Emmeline Halse, sculptor
L. Birge Harrison, painter
Thomas Hastings, architect, American
Robert Henri, painter and teacher, American
George W. Headley, jeweler, designer, American.
Yves Hernot, Painting, photographer
Auguste Alexandre Hirsch, painter, lithographer, French
Frank Howell Holden, architect, American
Raymond Mathewson Hood, architect, American
Mary Rockwell Hook, architect, American
Henry Hornbostel, architect, American
Richard Morris Hunt, architect, American
Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, painter, French
Tove Jansson, painter and illustrator, Finnish
Sadik Kaceli, painter, Albanian
Mati Klarwein, painter
Constantin Kluge, painter, Russian
György Kornis, painter, Hungarian
Gaston Lachaise, sculptor, French-American
Victor Laloux, architect, French
Charles Landelle, painter, French
Jules Lavirotte, architect, French
Paul Leroy painter, French
Charles-Amable Lenoir painter, French
Stanton Macdonald-Wright, painter, American
Joseph Margulies, painter
Albert Marquet, painter, French
William Sutherland Maxwell, architect
Bernard Maybeck, architect, American
Annette Messager, installationist, multi-media
Jean-François Millet, painter, Norman
Yasuo Mizui, sculptor, Japanese
Gustave Moreau, painter, French
Julia Morgan, architect, American
Ngo Viet Thu, architect, Vietnamese
Victor Nicolas, sculptor, French
Francisco Oller, painter, Puerto Rican
Ong Schan Tchow (alias Yung Len Kwui), painter
Pascual Ortega Portales, painter, Chilean
Alphonse Osbert, painter, French
J. Harleston Parker, architect, American
Jean-Louis Pascal, architect
André Pavlovsky, architect
Georges Petetin, painter, French
Albert Pissis, architect
Théophile Poilpot, painter, French
John Russell Pope, architect, American
Robert Poughéon, painter, French
Fernand Préfontaine, architect and art critic, Canadian
Edmond Jean de Pury, painter, Swiss
S. H. Raza, painter, Indian
Neel Reid, architect, American
Pierre-Auguste Renoir, painter
Arthur W. Rice, architect, American
Gustave Rives, architect
Cécilia Rodhe, sculptor
James Gamble Rogers, architect, American
Kanuty Rusiecki, painter, Polish
Augustus Saint-Gaudens, sculptor, American
John Singer Sargent, painter, American
Bojan Šarčević, sculptor
Louis-Frederic Schützenberger, painter, French
Georges Seurat, painter, French
Joann Sfar, designer
Amrita Sher-Gil, painter, Indian
Nicolas Sicard painter, French
Högna Sigurðardóttir, architect, Icelandic
Alfred Sisley, painter
Clarence Stein, designer
Yehezkel Streichman, painter
Lorado Taft, sculptor
Agnes Tait, painter, lithographer
Vedat Tek, architect, Turkish
Albert-Félix-Théophile Thomas, architect
Edward Lippincott Tilton, architect, American
Roland Topor, designer
George Oakley Totten Jr., architect, American
Morton Traylor, painter, American
Guillaume Tronchet, architect
Valentino, fashion designer
William Van Alen, architect
Vann Molyvann, architect, Cambodian
Gisèle d'Ailly van Waterschoot van der Gracht, artist, Dutch
Lydia Venieri, painter, Greek
Jesús Carles de Vilallonga, painter, Spanish
Carlos Raúl Villanueva, architect
Lucien Weissenburger, architect
Yan Wenliang, painter, Chinese
Norval White, architect, American
Ivor Wood, animator and director, Anglo-French
Alice Morgan Wright, sculptor, American
Marion Sims Wyeth, architect, American
Georges Zipélius, illustrator, French
Jacques Zwobada, sculptor, French of Czech origins
See also
Architecture of Paris
Beaux-Arts architecture
Comité des Étudiants Américains de l'École des Beaux-Arts Paris
Paris Salon
References
External links
The Ecole des Beaux-Arts – Historical essay
École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts – Official website
École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts – History
Beaux-Arts
Beaux-Arts
Art schools in Paris
Schools in Paris
Universities and colleges in Lyon
Universities and colleges in Paris
Universities in Grand Est
Arts in Paris
Painting in Paris
Sculptures in Paris
1648 establishments in France
Educational institutions established in the 1640s
Ancien Régime French architecture
Historicist architecture in France
Neoclassical architecture in France
fr:École des beaux-arts#France