PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
Joe Simpson (baseball)

Joe Simpson (baseball)
Joe Allen Simpson (born December 31, 1951) is an American former professional baseball player, and has been a radio and television broadcaster for the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball (MLB) since 1992.
Career
Playing career
He began his baseball career as an All-American outfielder/first baseman at the University of Oklahoma.
Simpson then played professionally for 12 seasons, beginning in 1973, when he was drafted by the Los Angeles Dodgers in the third round. While with the Dodgers in 1978, he became the 3,000th strikeout victim of Gaylord Perry. He joined the Seattle Mariners in 1979 before being traded to the Kansas City Royals in 1983. An outfielder and first baseman throughout his professional career, he retired from the California Angels organization after the 1984 season.
Broadcasting career
Simpson worked as an analyst on Seattle Mariners telecasts for five years before joining Turner Sports and the Atlanta Braves Radio Network in 1992. He called Atlanta Braves games on TBS and Turner South until broadcasts ended on those networks.
Simpson was named "Georgia Sports Broadcaster of the Year" in 1995.
Simpson was paired with Brian Jordan, Ron Gant and Tom Glavine during broadcasts on Peachtree TV. He was paired with Skip Caray until Caray's death in the summer of 2008.
Simpson served as an analyst for Major League Baseball on TBS coverage of the 2007 MLB Division Series with play-by-play commentator Don Orsillo during the series between the Colorado Rockies and the Philadelphia Phillies. The team called the one-game playoff between the Colorado Rockies and the San Diego Padres. He has served as the color analyst for the coverage of the 2009 National League Division Series between the Philadelphia Phillies and the Colorado Rockies with play-by-play commentator Brian Anderson.
In January 2018, Simpson was inducted into the Braves’ Hall of Fame.
Simpson called Braves games on Fox Sports South and Fox Sports Southeast with play-by-play announcer Chip Caray through the 2018 season. Beginning in 2019, Simpson became the regular color commentator for the Atlanta Braves Radio Network alongside play-by-play announcer Jim Powell. As of 2021, Simpson is usually paired with Ben Ingram.
References
External links
, or Retrosheet, or Pura Pelota
Atlanta Braves Broadcasters on Atlanta Braves website
1951 births
Living people
Albuquerque Dukes players
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Atlanta Braves announcers
Bakersfield Dodgers players
Baseball players from Oklahoma
California Angels players
Edmonton Trappers players
Kansas City Royals players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Major League Baseball first basemen
Major League Baseball outfielders
Oklahoma Sooners baseball players
People from Purcell, Oklahoma
Seattle Mariners announcers
Seattle Mariners players
Tigres de Aragua players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
University of Oklahoma alumni
Waterbury Dodgers players
1895–96 Northern Football League

1895–96 Northern Football League
The 1895–96 Northern Football League season was the seventh in the history of the Northern Football League, a football competition in Northern England.
Clubs
The league featured 8 clubs which competed in the last season, along with one new club:
Saltburn Swifts
Also Howden Rangers changed name to Howden-le-Wear.
League table
References
1895-96
1895–96 in English association football leagues
Silent vāv

Silent vāv
The Silent vāv is an element of Persian and Urdu orthography resulting when a vāv is preceded by khe and often followed by an alef or ye, forming the combination of or , in which the vāv is silenced. It is always written but not typically spoken, except for in certain eastern Persian dialects wherein it is pronounced. If not followed by a long vowel, the vāv following a khe sometimes adopts the sound of the short vowel zamme/pish. It was also formerly made use of when dealing with Persian loanwords in the Arabic scripts of Turkic languages, particularly in Ottoman Turkish.
History
Historical development
The silent vāv occurs only in words of Iranian origin, and is not present in any Turkic or Arabic loanwords that entered the language. Words in Middle Persian containing the labialised voiceless velar fricative preceding a long vowel developed such that the sound underwent delabialization and simply became the voiceless velar fricative . In cases where it preceded the short near-open front unrounded vowel it delabialised and took on the sound of the close-mid back rounded vowel , evolving from to . Despite this, the written language continues to reflect the old standards of pronunciation, hence the silent vāv remains written. These linguistic evolutions did not take place in certain areas of Greater Iran, and thus certain dialects do not have the silent vāv as a feature.
In poetry
Historically, sometimes poetic usages of the silent vāv did not follow the traditional literary rules and guidelines. This can be seen in the following poem by Sa'adi in his Bustan book:Phonetic transcription:According to the Persian literary rules, should be pronounced as ; however, as is visible in this poem, it atypically takes on the sound of and rhymes with / in the verse following it. This silent vāv taking on the sound of fathe/zebar rather than the of zamme/pish, is a very common feature in classical Persian poetry, also seen, for example, in the works of Ferdowsi and Nezami.
Geographical distribution.
The standard Iranian form of Persian, does not pronounce the silent vāv in any situation. Tajiki Persian, which has undergone delabialisation in the same way as Iranian Persian, is written in the Cyrillic script, and thus does not have the silent vāv as an orthographic feature. However, the Afghan dialects of Persian, commonly known as Dari, as well as the Persian dialects of Kashan and some other regions of Iran, continue to pronounce the vāv, meaning that the silent vāv is not a feature of the orthography of their dialects. In Urdu, labialisation is retained in some words and not others. In some words, the and pronunciation variants are interchangeable.
Examples
Notes
References
Further reading
Toponymic Guidelines for map and other editors – Revised edition 1998. UNGEGN, 20th session. New York, 17–28 January 2000.
Persian language
Persian orthography
Persian grammar
Silent letters
Urdu
Katharina Wagner

Katharina Wagner (born 21 May 1978 in Bayreuth) is a German opera stage director and is the director of the Bayreuth Festival. She is the daughter of Wolfgang Wagner and Gudrun Wagner (née Armann), great-granddaughter of Richard Wagner, and great-great granddaughter of Hungarian composer Franz Liszt.
Career
Wagner has staged Der fliegende Holländer in Würzburg and Lohengrin in Budapest. Her directorial début at the Bayreuth Festival, staging a production of Richard Wagner's Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg in July 2007, was booed at its premiere, but established a following which returned to watch the production evolve as Wagner made changes in each of the five years it was on view. Wagner also took a bow after every performance, with audiences split between bravas and boos.
On 1 September 2008, Katharina Wagner was named together with her half-sister Eva Wagner-Pasquier as the new director of the Bayreuth Festival by the Richard Wagner Foundation, succeeding their father Wolfgang. This followed an extended family dispute. They were chosen in preference to their cousin Nike Wagner and the Belgian opera director and administrator Gerard Mortier, who had placed a late joint bid for the directorship on 24 August.
In October 2010, Wagner planned to visit Israel in order to invite the Israel Chamber Orchestra to play a concert in July 2011 at the Bayreuth town hall, to end a post-1945 boycott of Wagner's music in Israel. Her visit was canceled after hostility from Holocaust survivors.
In 2014 it was announced that Eva would be stepping down from the co-directorship leaving, in accord with her father's will, Katharina in sole charge.
In April 2020 it was announced that Katharina would have to step down from her position as director of the festival until further notice because of an unspecified long-term illness. The 81-year-old, former commercial managing director, Heinz-Dieter Sense, acted as a temporary representative for Wagner in the following months. This was the first time since Heinz Tietjen in the 1930s that a non-family member had been in charge of the festival. Katharina returned to work in September 2020.
Productions
Der fliegende Holländer (Würzburg)
Lohengrin (Budapest)
Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg (Bayreuth)
Rienzi (Bremen)
Tristan und Isolde (Bayreuth)
Lohengrin (Barcelona, 2020) Katharina's new production, and her debut in Barcelona, was cancelled because of the coronavirus pandemic lockdown in Catalonia
Further reading
Carr, Jonathan: The Wagner Clan: The Saga of Germany's Most Illustrious and Infamous Family. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2007.
See also
Wagner family tree
References
Katharina
German opera directors
1978 births
Living people
Female opera directors
People from Bayreuth
German people of French descent
German people of Hungarian descent
German people of English descent
Yuichi Takahashi (athlete)

Yuichi Takahashi (athlete)
is a Paralympian athlete from Japan competing mainly in category T11 long-distance events.
Yuichi took part in the 5000m, 10000m and marathon in the 2004 Summer Paralympics winning the T11 marathon. In the 2008 Summer Paralympics he attempted to defend this title but only managed to finish 16th.
References
Paralympic athletes for Japan
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic gold medalists for Japan
Living people
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Year of birth missing (living people)
Paralympic medalists in athletics (track and field)
Japanese male long-distance runners
Japanese male marathon runners
الكويكب 321656

الكويكب 321656
الكويكب 321656، التعين المؤقت له الكويكب 2010BM90. وهو كويكب من كويكبات طروادة ينتمي إلى كويكبات معسكر الإغريق اكتشف في سنة 2010.
كباقي كويكبات معسكر الإغريق يقع مداره في النقطة L4 من نقاط لاغرانج وفق نظام الشمس - المشتري. يبلغ القدر المطلق لهذا الكويكب 13.3 ونصف المحور الرئيسي لمداره 5.093 وحدة فلكية. وقد تم رصده 5 مرة حتى شباط/فبراير 2013. الإشارة المرجعية له وفق الملحق الدوري لمدارات الكويكبات هي MPO222574
المراجع
كويكبات معسكر الإغريق
Snyder, Nebraska

Snyder, Nebraska
Snyder is a village in Dodge County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 300 at the 2010 census.
History
Snyder was platted in 1886 when the Fremont, Elkhorn and Missouri Valley Railroad was extended to that point. It was named for Conrad Schneider, the original owner of the town site. Snyder was incorporated as a village in 1890. Prominent Lutheran radio minister Oswald Hoffmann of the second half of the twentieth century was born in Snyder in 1913.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
2010 census
At the 2010 census there were 300 people, 127 households, and 76 families in the village. The population density was . There were 144 housing units at an average density of . The racial makup of the village was 99.3% White, 0.3% Native American, and 0.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.3%.
Of the 127 households 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.6% were married couples living together, 4.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.2% were non-families. 34.6% of households were one person and 14.2% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 3.14.
The median age in the village was 41.4 years. 27.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.3% were from 25 to 44; 27.3% were from 45 to 64; and 17.7% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the village was 49.7% male and 50.3% female.
2000 census
At the 2000 census there were 318 people, 135 households, and 81 families in the village. The population density was . There were 147 housing units at an average density of . The racial makup of the village was 97.17% White, 0.63% Native American, 0.31% Asian, and 1.89% from two or more races.
Of the 135 households 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.4% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.3% were non-families. 34.8% of households were one person and 17.8% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 3.05.
The age distribution was 28.0% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 19.2% 65 or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.7 males.
As of 2000 the median income for a household in the village was $30,536, and the median family income was $37,917. Males had a median income of $29,135 versus $17,266 for females. The per capita income for the village was $20,365. About 2.4% of families and 7.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.1% of those under age 18 and 11.7% of those age 65 or over.
References
Villages in Dodge County, Nebraska
Villages in Nebraska
Populated places established in 1886
1886 establishments in Nebraska
العميل السري الملكي (مسلسل كوري)

العميل السري الملكي (مسلسل كوري)
العميل السري الملكي (بالكورية: 암행어사)؛ هو مسلسل كوميدي تاريخي كوري جنوبي، يتم بثه على قناة كي بي إس 2 كل يوم الأثنين والثلاثاء في ساعة 21:30 بتوقيت كوريا الجنوبية، وهو متوفر عالميا على منصة آي جيي الصينية بشكل حصري مع ترجمة بلغات متعددة.
القصة
تدور أحداث المسلسل عن العميل السري لسلالة جوسون، البطل الحقيقي الذي يحمي الناس العاديين ويمضي قدمًا من أجل العدالة! مع اقتراب نهاية عصر جوسون، احتل سونغ يي غيوم المرتبة الأولى في امتحان الدولة وهو الآن يعمل في هونغ مونغوان (قسم الإدارة والبحث). ليس لديه هدف أو طموح لحياته. في أحد الأيام، تم القبض على سونغ يي غيوم وهو يلعب القمار. كعقوبة، تم تكليفه بالعمل كمفتش ملكي سري. وظيفته هي القضاء على الأعمال غير القانونية والفساد من قبل الموظفين العموميين. ينفذ وظيفته الجديدة بمساعدة هونغ دا إن وبارك تشون سام.
طاقم
كيم ميونغ سو: في دور سونع يي كيوم
كوان نار : في دور هونغ داي ين
لي يي كيونغ : في دور بارك شيون سام
لي تاي هوان : في دور سونغ يي بيوم
هان سو هي : في دور يو بيول نا
جو سوو مين : في دور كانغ سوون أه
المشاهدات
انتهت الدراما محققة نسبة مشاهدة 14.0٪ على مستوى البلاد، مع أكثر من 2 مليون مشاهدة للحلقة الأخيرة (2.323.000).
البث الدولي
المسلسل متاح في نفس توقيت كوريا، على منصة آي جيي بصفته محتوى حصري للمنصة (باستثناء الصين وكوريا) مع ترجمة متعددة اللغات، كما أنه متاح بشكل غير حصري على آي جيي في كوريا الجنوبية.
في الثقافة الشعبية
كان المفتش الملكي السري منصبًا مؤقتًا فريدًا من نوعه في عهد أسرة جوسون، حيث يتم إرسال مسؤول سري معين من قبل الملك مباشرة إلى المحافظات المحلية لمراقبة المسؤولين الحكوميين والعناية بالسكان، يرسل المفتش بشكل متخفي وسري، على عكس المفتشين العاديين الذين كانت أنشطتهم تحت إشراف مكتب المفتش العام بشكل رسمي وعام دون أخفاء هويته.
المراجع
روابط خارجية
على الموقع الرسمي.
على منصة آي جيي.
على موقع imdb.
برامج تلفزيونية باللغة الكورية
دراما تلفزيونية من نظام البث الكوري
مسلسلات تلفزيونية تدور أحداثها في عهد مملكة جوسون
مسلسلات تاريخ بديل
مسلسلات تلفزيونية تاريخية كورية جنوبية
مسلسلات تلفزيونية توقف إنتاجها بسبب جائحة فيروس كورونا
مسلسلات تلفزيونية درامية كورية جنوبية
مسلسلات تلفزيونية كورية
مسلسلات تلفزيونية كورية جنوبية انتهت في 2021
مسلسلات تلفزيونية كورية جنوبية بدأ عرضها في 2020
مسلسلات تلفزيونية كورية جنوبية في عقد 2020
مسلسلات تلفزيونية كوميدية كورية جنوبية
مسلسل تلفزيوني من إنتاج شركة آي ويل ميديا
العزابة التحتانيين (أولاد مسعود)

العزابة التحتانيين (أولاد مسعود)
العزابة التحتانيين هو دُوَّار يقع بجماعة أولاد مسعود، إقليم قلعة السراغنة، جهة مراكش آسفي في المملكة المغربية. ينتمي الدوّار لمشيخة أولاد مسعود التي تضم 6 دواوير. يقدر عدد سكانه بـ 1103 نسمة حسب الإحصاء الرسمي للسكان والسكنى لسنة 2004.
مراجع
روابط خارجية
البوابة الوطنية للجماعات الترابية
المندوبية السامية للتخطيط
أماكن مأهولة في أولاد مسعود (أولاد مسعود)
Gustav von Bergmann

Gustav von Bergmann (24 December 1878 – 16 September 1955) was a German internist born in Würzburg. He was the son of renowned surgeon Ernst von Bergmann (1836–1907).
Education
In 1903 he received his doctorate at Strasbourg, and afterwards worked at the second medical hospital in Berlin under Friedrich Kraus. In 1916 he became a full professor of internal medicine in Marburg, and later a professor at Frankfurt am Main (from 1920), the Berlin Charité (from 1927) and Munich (from 1946).
Career
He was a proponent of "functional pathology", and is considered to be one of the founders of psychosomatic medicine. His research involved investigations into gastro-intestinal ulcers, hypertension and studies of the autonomic nervous system. From 1994 to 2010, the Gustav-von-Bergmann-Medaille was the highest honor awarded by the German Society of Internal Medicine.
With Albrecht Bethe and Gustav Georg Embden, he was co-publisher of the multi-volume Handbuch der normalen und pathologischen Physiologie. With Rudolf Stähelin, he published the second edition of Handbuch der inneren Medizin. Other noted works of his include:
Das vegetative Nervensystem und seine Störungen (The autonomic nervous system and its disorders). 1926.
Funktionelle Pathologie (Functional pathology), 1932.
Neues Denken in der Medizin (New reasoning in medicine), 1947.
He attended to physiologist Emil von Behring during the night prior to Behring's death of a pulmonary inflammation on March 31, 1917.
References
1878 births
1955 deaths
German internists
Physicians from Würzburg
Physicians from the Kingdom of Bavaria
Academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin
Academic staff of the University of Marburg
Academic staff of Goethe University Frankfurt
Academic staff of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
Members of the German Academy of Sciences at Berlin
Physicians of the Charité
جانايا ستيفنس

جانايا ستيفنس هي ممثلة كندية، ولدت في 17 مارس 1974 في كندا.
أعمال
أفلام
(2008) سباق الموت
مسلسلات
الناجي المعين
كوانتيكو
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
ممثلات أفلام كنديات
ممثلات تلفزيون كنديات
ممثلات كنديات في القرن 21
ممثلات من لندن (أونتاريو)
مواليد 1974
North Rhine-Westphalian Academy of Sciences, Humanities and the Arts

North Rhine-Westphalian Academy of Sciences, Humanities and the Arts
The North Rhine-Westphalia Academy for Sciences and Arts (Nordrhein-Westfälische Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Künste) is a learned society in Düsseldorf, Germany, founded in 1970.
External links
http://www.awk.nrw.de/
Education in Düsseldorf
Culture in Düsseldorf
Union of German Academies of Sciences and Humanities
1970 establishments in Germany
Scientific organizations established in 1970
جون غوفمان

جون غوفمان طبيب وباحث علمي أمريكي، ولد في 21 سبتمبر 1918 وتوفي في 15 أغسطس 2007.
المراجع
أساتذة جامعة كاليفورنيا في بركلي
أشخاص مرتبطون بمشروع مانهاتن
أشخاص من كليفلاند (أوهايو)
أمريكيون من أصل يهودي روسي
باحثون طبيون أمريكيون
خريجو كلية أوبرلين
علماء أحياء جزيئية أمريكيون
علماء أمريكيون يهود
علماء من كليفلاند
كيميائيون أمريكيون في القرن 20
مكتشفو العناصر الكيميائية
مواليد 1918
مواليد في كليفلاند (أوهايو)
ناشطون أمريكيون ضد القوى النووية
ناشطون من أوهايو
وفيات 2007
وفيات في سان فرانسيسكو
يهود أمريكيون في القرن 20
يهود أمريكيون في القرن 21
Ümit Karan

Ümit Karan (born October 1, 1976) is a Turkish football manager and former player who is currently the manager of Menemenspor.
He played for Gençlerbirliği S.K., Ankaraspor, Galatasaray and Eskişehirspor. He made his international debut for Turkey in 1999, and earned a total of 10 caps, scoring 3 goals.
Club career
After playing for Gençlerbirliği for 5 seasons and scoring 91 goals, Ümit moved to Galatasaray at the start of the 2001-02 season and was a key player in Mircea Lucescu's squad as the main striker after Mario Jardel's departure.
During the 2004-05 season, he was loaned to Ankaraspor by manager Gheorghe Hagi due to his dip in form. However, Ümit made a strong return for the 2005-06 season with Galatasaray's new manager Eric Gerets. Getting along well with Gerets and his playing style, Ümit scored 81 goals in 18 matches at the start of the season. But early in 2006, Umit's season was cut short by a knee injury, which kept him out of the game for 6 months.
At the start of the 2006-07 season, Ümit regained his place on the team after the injury layoff, scoring his 100th goal in the Süper Lig on September 18, 2006, against Beşiktaş.
Ümit has great finishing ability and he is usually in chase of sensational goals, particularly with volleys and bicycle kicks. His most sensational goal is arguably the one he scored against Vestel Manisaspor. Ümit latched onto a 40 meter pass just inside the box and struck a one time shot with his right foot and curled it around the helpless goalkeeper. He also possesses good pace, stamina and strength. He is also loved by the supporters, but he has had his share of problems with his former Galatasaray managers Fatih Terim and Gheorghe Hagi. On 24 June 2009 was fired from his 2010 contract with Galatasaray and he signed a contract with Eskisehirspor for 3 years.
Managerial career
On October 4, 2018, Karan accepted an offer to become the manager of FK Shkupi. He took over the team who were struggling to meet expectations and found themselves in 9th. His first game in charge was on 21 October 2018 which Shkupi won 2-1 against fellow underperformers, Sileks. During his first season in charge of the Skopje based club, he managed to achieve a 4th place finish in the league and thus secured a Europa League Qualifying slot. On August 26, 2019, Karan left his post as manager of Shkupi. His final game in charge was a 2-2 draw with Renova. On 30 September 2020, Karan re-joined Shkupi as manager on a one-year contract.
Career statistics
Honours
Gençlerbirliği
Turkish Cup: 2000–01
Galatasaray
Süper Lig: 2001–02, 2005–06, 2007–08
Individual
Turkish Cup Top Scorer: 2000–01
References
External links
Profile at TFF.org
1976 births
Living people
Turkish men's footballers
Turkey men's international footballers
German men's footballers
German sportspeople of Turkish descent
Süper Lig players
Gençlerbirliği S.K. footballers
Ankaraspor footballers
Galatasaray S.K. footballers
Eskişehirspor footballers
Footballers from Berlin
Türkiyemspor Berlin players
Men's association football forwards
Turkish football managers
Survivor Turkey contestants
أليسيا كرايغ

أليسيا كرايغ هي منافسة ألعاب القوى أمريكية، ولدت في 14 يونيو 1982.
مراجع
أشخاص من جيليت (وايومنغ)
أمريكيات في القرن 21
عداءات مسافات طويلة أمريكيات
مواليد 1982
بوقمو (بني مراس)

بوقمو (بني مراس)
بوقمو هو دُوَّار يقع بجماعة عياشة، إقليم العرائش، جهة طنجة تطوان الحسيمة في المملكة المغربية. ينتمي الدوّار لمشيخة بني مراس التي تضم 13 دوار. يقدر عدد سكانه بـ 206 نسمة حسب الإحصاء الرسمي للسكان والسكنى لسنة 2004.
مراجع
روابط خارجية
البوابة الوطنية للجماعات الترابية
المندوبية السامية للتخطيط
أماكن مأهولة في بني مراس (عياشة)
أورورا كوريا

أورورا كوريا هي كاتِبة ومُدرسة مكسيكية، ولدت في 10 فبراير 1930 في برشلونة في إسبانيا، وتوفيت في 20 نوفمبر 2008 في ليون في المكسيك.
مراجع
روائيات مكسيكيات
كاتبات مكسيكيات في القرن 20
كتاب مكسيكيون في القرن 20
كتاب من برشلونة
منفيو الحرب الأهلية الإسبانية إلى المكسيك
مواليد 1930
وفيات 2008
سيمون فرنسيس

سيمون فرنسيس (15 أغسطس 1978 في المملكة المتحدة - ) هو لاعب كريكت بريطاني. لعب مع و و.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
رياضيون من بروملي
لاعبو كريكت إنجليز
مواليد 1978
لاعبو كريكت من هامبشاير
لاعبو كريكت من سومرست
لاعبو كريكت من نوتنغهامشير