Arachis

Arachis is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade of the Dalbergieae. At least one species, the peanut (Arachis hypogaea), is a major food crop species of global importance; some of the other species are cultivated for food to a small extent in South America. Other species such as A. pintoi are cultivated worldwide as forage and soil conditioner plants, with the leaves providing high-protein feed for grazing livestock and a nitrogen source in agroforestry and permaculture systems.
Arachis species, including the peanut, are used as food plants by some Lepidoptera species, including the flame shoulder, nutmeg, and turnip moth.
Species
Arachis comprises the following sections and species:
Section Arachis
Arachis batizocoi Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis benensis Krapov. et al.
Arachis cardenasii Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis correntina (Burkart) Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis cruziana Krapov. et al.
Arachis decora Krapov. et al.
Arachis diogoi Hoehne
Arachis duranensis Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis glandulifera Stalker
Arachis gregoryi C. E. Simpson et al.
Arachis helodes Mart. ex Krapov. & Rigoni
Arachis herzogii Krapov. et al.
Arachis hoehnei Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis hypogaea L.—peanut
subsp. fastigiata Waldron
var. aequatoriana Krapov. & W. C. Greg
var. fastigiata (Waldron) Krapov. & W. C. Greg
var. peruviana Krapov. & W. C. Greg
var. vulgaris Harz
subsp. hypogaea L.
var. hirsuta J. Kohler
var. hypogaea L.
Arachis ipaensis Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis kempff-mercadoi Krapov. et al.
Arachis krapovickasii C. E. Simpson et al.
Arachis kuhlmannii Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis linearifolia Valls et al.
Arachis magna Krapov. et al.
Arachis microsperma Krapov. et al.
Arachis monticola Krapov. & Rigoni
Arachis palustris Krapov. et al.
Arachis praecox Krapov. et al.
Arachis schininii Krapov. et al.
Arachis simpsonii Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis stenosperma Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis trinitensis Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis valida Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis villosa Benth.
Arachis williamsii Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Section Caulorrhizae
Arachis pintoi Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis repens Handro
Section Erectoides
Arachis archeri Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis benthamii Handro
Arachis brevipetiolata Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis cryptopotamica Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis douradiana Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis gracilis Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis hatschbachii Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis hermannii Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis major Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis martii Handro
Arachis oteroi Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis paraguariensis Chodat & Hassl.
subsp. capibarensis Krapov. & W. C. Greg
subsp. paraguariensis Chodat & Hassl.
Arachis porphyrocalyx Valls & C. E. Simpson
Arachis stenophylla Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Section Extranervosae
Arachis burchellii Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis lutescens Krapov. & Rigoni
Arachis macedoi Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis marginata Gardner
Arachis pietrarellii Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis prostrata Benth.—grassnut
Arachis retusa Krapov. et al.
Arachis setinervosa Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis submarginata Valls et al.
Arachis villosulicarpa Hoehne
Section Heteranthae
Arachis dardani Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis giacomettii Krapov. et al.
Arachis interrupta Valls & C. E. Simpson
Arachis pusilla Benth.
Arachis seridoensis Valls et al.
Arachis sylvestris (A. Chev.) A. Chev.
Section Procumbentes
Arachis appressipila Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
Arachis chiquitana Krapov. et al.
Arachis kretschmeri Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis hassleri Krapov. et al.
Arachis lignosa (Chodat & Hassl.) Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis matiensis Krapov. et al.
Arachis pflugeae C. E. Simpson et al.
Arachis rigonii Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis subcoriacea Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis vallsii Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Section Rhizomatosae
Arachis nitida Valls et al.
Series Prorhizomatosae
Arachis burkartii Handro
Series Rhizomatosae
Arachis glabrata Benth.
var. glabrata Benth.
var. hagenbeckii (Harms) F. J. Herm.
Arachis pseudovillosa (Chodat & Hassl.) Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Section Trierectoides
Arachis guaranitica Chodat & Hassl.
Arachis tuberosa Benth.
Section Triseminatae
Arachis triseminata Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Hybrids
Arachis × batizogaea Krapov. & A. Fernández
References
External links
Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter: Morphological characterization of Arachis species of section Arachis
Fabaceae genera
Forages
Flora of Southern America