PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
فوليات (توضيح)

فوليات (توضيح)
فوليات قد تعني:
الفوليات :هي رتبة نبات.
الفوليات :هي فصيلة نبات تابعة لرتبة الفوليات.
الفوليات :هي عمارة نبات تابعة لفصيلة نبات الفوليات.
Bob Anderegg

Bob Anderegg
Robert H. Anderegg (born August 24, 1937) is an American former small forward / shooting guard in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the American Basketball League (ABL). He played professionally for the New York Knicks and the Hawaii Chiefs.
Early life and career
Anderegg was born in Monroe, Wisconsin, and attended Monroe High School. He played college basketball for Michigan State University. The 6'3" (1.90 m) 200 lbs (91 kg) guard-forward was selected by the New York Knicks in the 3rd round (22nd pick overall) of the 1959 NBA draft.
Anderegg played for the New York Knicks for thirty-three games in the 1959–60 NBA season. He played six games for the Hawaii Chiefs in the 1961–1962 ABL season before retiring in 1962.
Awards
In 2008 Anderegg was inducted into the Wisconsin Basketball Coaches Association (WBCA) Hall of Fame.
Career statistics
NBA
Source
Regular season
References
External links
Bob Anderedd ABL Statistics
1937 births
Living people
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Wisconsin
Hawaii Chiefs (basketball) players
Michigan State Spartans men's basketball players
New York Knicks draft picks
New York Knicks players
People from Monroe, Wisconsin
Shooting guards
Small forwards
Per Fly

Per Fly Plejdrup (born 14 January 1960) is a Danish film director, generally credited simply as Per Fly. He has made many films and television shows broadcast on Danish television. Per Fly's awards includes the Crown Prince Couple's Culture Prize in 2005.
Biography
Fly graduated from The National Film School of Denmark in 1993. He debuted in 2000 with the feature film Bænken (The Bench), which told the story of Kaj, a man whose life has led him into serious alcoholism. This film was the first part of what would become the Denmark trilogy, which portrayed situations and characters from the lower, upper and middle classes in Denmark, in that order. The stop-motion animation film Prop og Berta (Prop and Berta, 2001) followed Bænken, but was not part of the trilogy. The trilogy continued with Arven (The Inheritance, 2003) depicting the upper class, and the middle class in Drabet (Manslaughter, 2005).
In 2007 he shot a series entitled Forestillinger, broadcast on Danish television Danmarks Radio. It pivots on the same period of time from the perspective of six different people, whose life situations overlap and intertwine. The meaning of the word Forestillinger is ambiguous in Danish language, and can refer to "conceptions" or (as in "conceptions about one self") as well as "plays" or "shows" in the theatrical sense. It was titled "Performances" for the English-subtitled DVD release.
With the exception of Prop og Berta, the nature of Per Fly's filmography is centered on the lives of ordinary people, in the vein of social realism. His films explore the conditions under which the characters are living, and try to validate or explain the choices they make through a detailed psychological and social depiction of the characters involved.
Personal life
He is married to Danish actress Charlotte Fich. They have two children Anton and Aksel together.
Filmography
Other works
Awards
References
External links
Per Fly at the Danish movies and television database
1960 births
Living people
Danish male screenwriters
Danish film directors
Best Director Guldbagge Award winners
Recipients of the Crown Prince Couple's Culture Prize
People from Skive Municipality
Shamsabad, Taybad

Shamsabad, Taybad
Shamsabad (also Romanized as Shamsābād) is a village in Pain Velayat Rural District, in the Central District of Taybad County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 138, in 35 families.
References
Populated places in Taybad County
Agios Dimitrios

Agios Dimitrios (Greek: Άγιος Δημήτριος meaning Saint Dimitrios, before 1928: Μπραχάμι - Brahami) is a town in Attica, Greece, and a suburb in the southern part of the Athens agglomeration.
Geography
Agios Dimitrios is situated 5 km south of Athens city centre, and 4 km from the Saronic Gulf coast. The municipality has an area of 4.949 km2. Vouliagmenis Avenue connects it with central Athens and the southern suburbs. The suburb is connected with Line 2 of the Athens Metro through Agios Dimitrios metro station.
Climate
Agios Dimitrios has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa), bordering on a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification: BSh). Agios Dimitrios experiences hot, dry summers and mild, wetter winters.
History
The settlement developed around the church of Ag. Dimitrios was the original web of the village of
Brahami during the interwar period.
In the Turkish occupation, but also after the liberation, all Alimos, and not only, was a vast estate. His beginning was in St. John the Kareah and extended to Kavouri. The area, including the agricultural village, belonged to Braham Pasha - by which Aghios Dimitrios is also called Brahami - and to Hassan Pasha, which came from the name Hassani. All this property was divided into parcels, which the municipality of Athens, to which it belonged, donated or sold. This resulted in the creation of various settlements.
The Community of Brahami was founded in 1925. Until then the village of Brahami belonged to the municipality of Athens. By Decree of 1925, Brahami was administered autonomously by the Athenian municipality and was a community comprising the settlements of Brahami, Agia Varvara, Katsipodi (Dafni today), Pikrodafni and Agios Kosmas. In 1928 the community was renamed Aghios Dimitrios. It was converted into a municipality of Aghios Dimitrios, which was based in Daphne in 1942.
In 1947, with the Decree issued on September 5, 1947, the settlement of Aghios Dimitrios was seized by the Municipality of Dafni and formed into a separate homonymous community, which included exclusively Brahami. The final adjustment was made in 1963, when the then Home Secretary G. Rallies on 15 March approved the conversion of the Community of Aghios Dimitrios into a homonymous municipality, as it is today.
Historical population
Sports
The most important clubs based in Aghios Dimitrios is the football club Agios Dimitrios F.C. ,Thyella Agiou Dimitriou and the basketball club Cronus Agios Dimitrios.
Twinnings
Pozzuoli, a suburb of Naples in Campania, Italy
References
Municipalities of Attica
Populated places in South Athens (regional unit)
الكويكب 259342

الكويكب 259342، التعين المؤقت له الكويكب 2003FB133. وهو كويكب من كويكبات طروادة ينتمي إلى كويكبات معسكر الإغريق اكتشف في سنة 2003.
كباقي كويكبات معسكر الإغريق يقع مداره في النقطة L4 من نقاط لاغرانج وفق نظام الشمس - المشتري. يبلغ القدر المطلق لهذا الكويكب 13.2 ونصف المحور الرئيسي لمداره 5.233 وحدة فلكية. وقد تم رصده 8 مرة حتى شباط/فبراير 2013. الإشارة المرجعية له وفق الملحق الدوري لمدارات الكويكبات هي MPO251735
المراجع
اكتشافات مشروع سبيس واتش
كويكبات معسكر الإغريق
Nermin Al-Fiqy

Nermin Al-Fiqy (also rendered Nermine Al-Feki and Nermeen El-Fekki or Al-Fekki) (born June 21, 1972) is an Egyptian actress.
Biography
Al-Fiqy is from the Egyptian city of Alexandria, graduated from El-Nasr Girls' School and then graduated at the Faculty of Commerce, Alexandria University.
She was discovered by Abdullah "3D TV MASTER" Ghandour and entered the field of advertising in the early nineties and made ads for cosmetics and some food. Then she started to make inroads in the area of representation in the late nineties and early twenty-first century and has won numerous television serials and movies.
Filmography
Television
Abo El Arosa (The bride's father)
El Ankaboot (The Spider)
Banat Omry (Daughters of my Life)
Hayat Al-Gohary (Hayat Al-Gohary)
Al-Fustat
Rodda Qalby (Give me my heart back)
Fallah fi Balat Sahibatil Galalah (A peasant at the court of Her Majesty)
Imra'ah fi Shaqil Ti'ban (A woman at Shaqil Ti'ban alley)
Ahlamna Al-Hilwa (Our Sweet Dreams)
Kheyanah (A Treasury)
Hakawy Tarh Al-Bahr (Tales of the River Clay Remnants)
Alf Lailah wi Lailah (1001 nights)
Khalf Al-Abwab Al-Moghlaqah (Behind Closed Doors)
Al-Asdiqaa (The Friends)
Al-Bahhar Mondi (Mundi The Sailor)
Al-Serah Al-Helaleyyah (Serah of Banu-Helal)
Mowatin bidaragitt Wazeer (A Citizen with Minister Degree)
Thawratil Hareem (Revolution of Harem)
Lil-tharwah Hisabat Okhra (There is Another Reckoning for Wealth)
Al-Lail wi Akhroh (Night and Late Night)
Karantina:Al-Hisar (The Quarantine:The Blockade)
Wardil Neel (Flowers of the Nile)
Taheyyaty ila Al-'Aila Al-Kareema (My Greetings to the Noble Family)
Wa Lamm Tansa Annaha Imra'ah (And She Didn't Forget That She's a Woman)
Ailat Awlad Azzam (Sons of Azzam's Family)
Hammam Bashtak (Bashtak's Bath)
As-hab Al-Maqam Al-Rafee' (The Nobles)
Al-Saif Al-Wardi (The Rosy
Film
Foll El-Foll (Everything is Most Great)
Al-Kash Mash (The Cash is the Only Useful Thing)
Al-Modeifat Al-Thalath (The Three Air-hostesses)
تحت الترابيظه 2017
Plays
Bahlool fi Istanbul (Bahlol in Istanbul)
Ana wi Miraty wi Monica (Me, My Wife and Monica)
References
1972 births
Living people
Egyptian film actresses
Alexandria University alumni
Egyptian stage actresses
Egyptian television actresses
Actors from Alexandria
Arthur Daly (British Army officer)

Arthur Daly (British Army officer)
Major-General Arthur Crawford Daly, (14 May 1871 – 28 August 1936) was a senior British Army officer.
Military career
Daly was the eighth child and youngest son of General Sir Henry Dermot Daly and Susan Kirkpatrick, and the brother of Hugh Daly. He was educated at Winchester College and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, prior to being commissioned into the Welch Regiment in 1890. He was subsequently transferred to the West Yorkshire Regiment, was promoted to lieutenant on 7 March 1892, and then to captain on 15 February 1899. Appointed adjutant of the 2nd battalion on 15 February 1898, he first saw active service in the Second Boer War, during which he was severely wounded during action in Natal. He was reported seriously ill with enteric fever near Pietermaritzburg in March 1900, but recovered, was mentioned in despatches (dated 8 April 1902), and received a brevet promotion as major in the South African Honours list published on 26 June 1902. Following the end of the war in June 1902, he left Cape Town on the SS Sicilia and returned to Southampton in late July, where he went back as a regular officer in his regiment.
After the outbreak of the First World War, Daly became Deputy Assistant Quartermaster-General of the IV Corps in October 1914. He was assistant adjutant and quartermaster general of the 7th Division between 1914 and 1915. He was promoted to lieutenant-colonel in 1915, was given his first brigade command, the 6th Brigade, the same year. He then commanded the 33rd Infantry Brigade between February and September 1917, when he was made commander of the 24th Division. He held this post until the division was disbanded in 1919. Daly was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1918 and a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1919. He was Inspector-General and Military Advisor to Minister of Defence in Iraq between 1925 and 1927, and retired from the army in 1928.
Daly married Grace Wilkinson, the daughter of Major H. C. Wilkinson, in 1897. Together they had two children. Daly's son was Air Vice-Marshal George Dermot Daly (1898–1974). Daly died in Sevenoaks, Kent, in 1936.
References
1871 births
1936 deaths
Welch Regiment officers
West Yorkshire Regiment officers
British Army generals of World War I
British Army personnel of the Second Boer War
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
People educated at Winchester College
British Army major generals
Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
ماري بلان

ماري بلان
ماري فيليكس بونابرت ؛ ولدت من عائلة برجوازية فرنسية ثرية وكان لديها ممتلكات مالية في موناكو وألمانيا ، وقد حصلت ميراثًا كبيرًا بعد وفاة والدها. على الرغم من اعتراضات والدتها ، تزوجت في عام 1880 من الأمير رولاند بونابارت ، وهو عضو في فرع مورغاني من بيت بونابرت. ماتت من انسداد بعد شهر من ولادة طفلتها الوحيدة ، الأميرة ماري بونابرت.
الحياة المبكرة والأسرة
ولدت ماري بلان في 22 ديسمبر 1859 في باريس لرجل الأعمال الفرنسي فرانسوا بلان وزوجته الثانية ماري شارلوت هينسل. كان والدها مؤسس شركة موناكية وقام بتشغيل العديد من الكازينوهات ، بما في ذلك كازينو مونت كارلو في موناكو وكازينو باد هومبورغ (فور در هوهه) في ألمانيا
أشيع أن عرابها ، الكونت أنطوان برتورا ، هو والدها البيولوجي. كان لديها أخت أكبر ، لويز. الأخ الأكبر ، إدموند ؛ واثنين من الأخوة غير الأشقاء الأكبر سنًا من زواج والدها الأول من مادلين فيكتوار هوجولين وكاميل وتشارلز. تزوجت أختها الكبرى في وقت لاحق من الأمير قسطنطين وينسينتي ماريا رادزويك. شغل شقيقها الأكبر فيما بعد منصب رئيس بلدية لا سيل سان كلاود ، وشغل أخوها الأكبر ، كاميل ، منصب رئيس بلدية بوسولي. عندما كانت تبلغ من العمر 18 عامًا ، توفي والد بلان ، تاركًا لها ميراثًا كبيرًا.
وفاتها
تدهورت صحة بلان في وقت لاحق حيث كانت تعاني من مرض السل. و في 1 أغسطس 1882 ، توفيت بسبب إحداث الانسداد ، كانت وفاة بلان سبع سنوات قبل أن يخلف زوجها ابن عمه ، نابليون تشارلز بونابرت ، كسادس أمير كانينو وموسينيانو. دفنت في فرساي ، إيفلين.
انظر أيضًا
ماري شارلوته بلان
ماري بونابرت
المراجع
أشخاص من الإمبراطورية الفرنسية الثانية
أشخاص من الجمهورية الفرنسية الثالثة
أشخاص من سان كلو
أميرات اليونان
أميرات برابطة الزواج
أميرات دنماركيات
عائلة بونابرت
علماء جنس فرنسيون
فرنسيات في القرن 19
فرنسيون في القرن 19
فرنسيون من أصل ألماني
وفيات بسبب الولادة
وفيات بسبب أمراض الدم
Angie Kerr

Angie Kerr
Angela Beth Woznuk Kerr (born March 29, 1985) is an American former soccer midfielder who played professionally through October 21, 2014. Her career culminated with Portland Thorns FC of the National Women's Soccer League and she played as a member of the United States women's national soccer team in 2005, 2008, and 2009.
Playing career
Kerr's national participation began with the United States U-19 team, with whom she traveled to Thailand for the 2004 FIFA U-19 Women's World Championship, winning the tournament's Silver Ball and Bronze Shoe (with three goals). She would go on to join the women's national team in 2005, earning her tenth and final cap on the team's 2009 trip to Portugal for the Algarve Cup.
Meanwhile, her collegiate career would reach a high note as she was a standout player for the Portland Pilots as they won the NCAA title in 2005, helped by her goal and two assists in the final championship. In a total of 88 appearances for the Pilots, Kerr notched a total of 19 goals and 34 assists.
Angie began her Women's Professional Soccer (WPS) career when she was drafted 15th overall by the Saint Louis Athletica in the 2008 Women's Professional Soccer General Draft, making 18 appearances in her rookie season with team. On February 2, 2010, she was traded along with Kia McNeill and the rights to third round draft choice Amanda Poach, to the Atlanta Beat in exchange for the 1st pick in the Los Angeles Sol dispersal draft. She played in more than 20 games for the Beat and scored the only league goal of her career during her single season in Atlanta. She proceeded to play her third professional season with Sky Blue FC, though in a more limited capacity.
With the demise of WPS, it was not until the founding of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) that Kerr again had the opportunity to play professionally. The Portland Thorns FC selected her as the 16th overall pick of the 2013 National Women's Soccer League Supplemental Draft, giving her the chance to return to Portland as a hometown hero. She was waived by the Portland Thorns FC in September 2014. A consistent part of the Thorns first two seasons, during which she notched four assists in close to thirty appearances, she announced her retirement from playing professionally in October 2014.
International goals
References
External links
US Soccer player profile
Saint Louis Athletica player profile
Portland player profile
Living people
Saint Louis Athletica players
Atlanta Beat (WPS) players
NJ/NY Gotham FC players
1985 births
Portland Pilots women's soccer players
American women's soccer players
Portland Thorns FC players
United States women's international soccer players
Soccer players from California
National Women's Soccer League players
Women's association football midfielders
Women's Professional Soccer players
(74116) 1998 QL49

(74116) 1998 QL49
1998 كيو أل 49 (ويعرف أيضًا باسم (74116) 1998 كيو أل 49 وفق تسمية الكوكب الصغير) ؛ هو كويكب ضمن حزام الكويكبات.
اكتُشف هذا الجُرم الفلكي بواسطة بحث لنكولن عن الكويكبات القريبة من الأرض في 17 أغسطس 1998، وترتيبه 74116 من حيث الاكتشاف.
الوصف
اكتُشف في 17 أغسطس 1998 في مرصد ماغدالينا ريدج، الواقع في مقاطعة سوكورو، نيومكسيكو في الولايات المتحدة، بواسطة مشروع بحث لنكولن عن الكويكبات القريبة من الأرض . وقد رصد المشروع 1,609 مشاهدة للكويكب إلى غاية 5 فبراير 2022 بتوقيت منطقة المحيط الهادئ، أي في مدة قدرها 8,613 يومًا (23.6 عام). تستغرق الفترة المدارية للكويكب 1,610 يومًا (4.4 عام).
الخصائص المدارية
يتميز مدار هذا الكويكب بنصف محور رئيسي يبلغ 2.69 وحدة فلكية، وحضيض قدره 2.02 وحدة فلكية، وانحراف قدره 0.249 وزاوية ميلان 3.85 درجة بالنسبة لمسار الشمس. بسبب هذه الخصائص، أي نصف المحور الرئيسي بين 2 و3.2 وحدة فلكية وحضيض أكبر من 1,666 وحدة فلكية، يُصنف هذا الجُرم الفلكي وفقًا لقاعدة بيانات مختبر الدفع النفاث لأجرام النظام الشمسي الصغيرة كائنًا من حزام الكويكبات الرئيسي.
انظر أيضًا
قائمة الكواكب الصغيرة
المراجع
وصلات خارجية
اكتشافات بحث لينكون للكويكبات القريبة من الأرض
كواكب صغيرة مسماة
Al-Mubarakah

Al-Mubarakah (also called ‘Anţūţah or Antota) is a village in Jizan Province, in south-western Saudi Arabia.
See also
List of cities and towns in Saudi Arabia
Regions of Saudi Arabia
References
Populated places in Jizan Province
عورتا

عورتا قرية تقع إلى الجنوب الشرقي من مدينة نابلس على بعد 8 كم وتتبع محافظة نابلس. يصل إليها طريق محلي يربطها بالطريق الرئيسي نابلس - القدس وطوله 2 كم.
التاريخ
سُكنت عورتا منذ العصور التوراتية وطوال حكم فلسطين من قبل الإمبراطورية البيزنطية والخلافة الإسلامية وخلال الدولة العثمانية. بين القرنين الرابع والثاني عشر، كانت القرية مركزا سامرياً هاماً لاحتوائها على إحدى المعابد السامرية الرئيسية.
الجغرافيا
تطل على ثلاث جبال متوسطة الارتفاع مكسوة بالأشجار ترتفع عن سطح البحر (600) م. تبلغ مساحة أراضيها (16,100) دونم، بلغ عدد سكانها عام 1922م حوالي 938 نسمة وفي عام 1945م حوالي 1,470 نسمة وبعد الاحتلال الصهيوني عام 1967م حوالي 1,500 نسمة ارتفع إلى 3,000 عام 1987م في حين بلغ عدد سكانها 5,623 لعام 2007م وفي التعداد السكاني عام 2013م بلغ عدد سكانها في الداخل 13,765 نسمة وفي الشتات حولي 50,134 نسمة يتركز معظمهم في المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية ويوجد عدد كبير منهم في البرازيل والأرجنتين وأمريكا والسويد وجزيرة مارتينيك التي كان حاكمها الإداري تركي مظهر عواد لمدة تجاوزت 13 سنة، أنشئت فيها عام 1948م عيادة طبية على نفقة أفراد القرية تتداخل أراضيها مع أراضي القرى المجاورة ويحيط بها أراضي قرى بيتا، حوارة، بورين، روجيب، اودلة وعقربا. عورتا هي واحدة من مجموعة قرى تسمى المشاريق أو مشاريق البيتاوي أو مشاريق نابلس.
منشآتها وخدماتها
يوجد بها خمس مدارس وثلاث عيادات طبية وخمس روضات واربع مساجد ومصلى للنساء. صادرت سلطات الاحتلال جزءا كبيرا من اراضيها وأقامت عليها مستعمرة (ايتمار).
ويوجد في هذه القرية مقام يعتقد بأنه قبر العزير ولكن الكثير من الروايات ترجح أن يكون لأحد الأولياء الصالحين. إضافة إلى البعض الآخر من المواقع والمقامات التاريخية كالمفضل والعزيرات وسبعين شيوخ، حيث يتذرع اليهود بالصلاة في هذه المقامات لاقتحام القرية بشكل دائم وقد واظب الكثير من أبناء الطائفة السامرية قبل الانتفاضه الأولى على زيارة هذه المقامات وأداء طقوسا دينية هناك. من يزور هذه القرية يجد الأمل والأصالة والكرم في وجوه أبنائها على الرغم من الواقع الصعب والأليم الذي تعيشه القرية والناتج عن الممارسات اليومية للاحتلال الجاثم على معظم أراضي القرية والذي يحاصرها من كل الجهات تقريبا وما يترتب عنه من ممارسات واعتداءات يومية على السكان فيها.
مراجع
بلدات الضفة الغربية
بلديات فلسطين
قرى وبلدات محافظة نابلس
محافظة نابلس
مزارات سامرية
مزارات يهودية
بلديات دولة فلسطين
Pain Barzand Rural District

Pain Barzand Rural District is in the Central District of Germi County, Ardabil province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Qasem Kandi. Prior to its joining the district, it was in Angut District until most of that district formed the new Ungut County.
At the census of 2006, the rural district's population was 3,600; there were 3,088 inhabitants in the following census of 2011; and in the most recent census of 2016, the population of the rural district was 2,557. The largest of its 30 villages was Qasem Kandi, with 494 people.
References
Germi County
Rural Districts of Ardabil Province
Populated places in Germi County
أوديان مخيرجي

أوديان مخيرجي، صحفي تلفزيوني هندي وعالم اقتصاد، كان يعمل سابقا مدير تحرير لدى CNBC India، يبلغ من العمر 48 عاما ،انتقل إلى كومون في عام 2013. يعيش في سيتلا، أوتاراخند.
أوديان أصبح عالم اقتصاد بعد حصوله على شهادة البكالوريوس في الاقتصاد من كلية بريزيدنسي، كلكتا. ثم حصل على شهادة الماجستير في الاقتصاد من جامعة جواهر لال نهرو، نيودلهي. ابتدأ عمله في UTV ثم عمل مدير تحرير لدى CNBC India وثبت عروض السوق النشطة. حتى تنحيه عام 2013، مستشهدا بتعبه المهني. في عام 2018، كتب رواية خيالية بعنوان الدوائر المظلمة. كانت صحته النفسية مسألة أساسية أراد أن يعالجها في الكتاب، شارك رحلته الخاصة من غرفة الأخبار إلى طاولة الكتابة، وأيضًا لماذا لم يخطط أبدًا للعودة إلى استيديوهات التلفاز مرة أخرى.
الجوائز
2012،جوائز Ramnath Goenka، صحفي العام في بث الإذاعة.
المراجع
الروابط الخارجية
Udayan profile at MoneyControl Online
روائيون هنود
روائيون هنود في القرن 21
كتاب باللغة الإنجليزية من الهند
مذيعو تلفاز هنود
Blattabacterium

Blattabacterium is a genus of obligate mutualistic endosymbiont bacteria that are believed to inhabit all species of cockroach studied to date, with the exception of the genus Nocticola. The genus' presence in the termite Mastotermes darwiniensis led to speculation, later confirmed, that termites and cockroaches are evolutionarily linked.
Diversity
B. cuenoti was traditionally considered the only species in the genus Blattabacterium, which is in turn the only genus in the family Blattabacteriaceae. However, three new species have been described hosted by different species of cockroaches in the genus Cryptocercus:
Blattabacterium relictus in Cryptocercus relictus
B. clevelandi in C. clevelandi, and
B. punctulatus in C. darwini, C. garciai, C. punctulatus and C. wrighti.
The ancient (~150 My) genus retains throughout a core set of metabolic genes. According to the GTDB, the many strains of the genus have nevertheless diverged enough at the sequence level to define around 40 "species" out of B. cuenoti alone.
In addition, newer genera have been found sufficiently closely related to the genus to warrant assignment to the same family by GTDB: Ca. "Karelsulcia", Ca. "Uzinura", Ca. "Walczuchella", all symbionts of insects.
Function
Blattabacterium lives inside the fat cells of the fat bodies (tissues in the abdominal cavity that store fat) of its insect hosts. It serves a vital role in nitrogen recycling, which is important in insects that mainly live on plant material such as wood, which are poor in nitrogen. In insects, uric acid is a waste product of protein metabolism. After breakdown of uric acid by the host (and its other microbial flora, such as gut bacteria and fungi) into urea and/or ammonia, blattabacterium recycles nitrogen by converting these products into glutamate, and using other raw materials from the host, is able to synthesize all of the essential amino acids and several vitamins. It appears to be transmitted to succeeding generations of the host by infection of the mother's eggs prior to their fertilization.
References
Further reading
Flavobacteria
Bacteria genera
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قائمة المتاحف
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