Communist revolution

Communist revolution
A communist revolution is a proletarian revolution inspired by the ideas of Marxism that aims to replace capitalism with communism. Depending on the type of government, the term socialism can be used to indicate an intermediate stage between Capitalism and Communism (especially in Marxist-Leninist views). The idea that a proletarian revolution is needed is a cornerstone of Marxism; Marxists believe that the workers of the world must unite and free themselves from capitalist oppression to create a world run by and for the working class. Thus, in the Marxist view, proletarian revolutions need to happen in countries all over the world.
Theory
Leninism argues that a communist revolution must be led by a vanguard of "professional revolutionaries", men and women who are fully dedicated to the communist cause and who can then form the nucleus of the revolutionary movement. Some Marxists disagree with the idea of a vanguard as put forth by Lenin, especially left communists. Some who continue to consider themselves Marxist–Leninists also oppose the vanguard despite disagreeing with the majority of left communism. These critics insist that the entire working class—or at least a large part of it—must be deeply involved and equally committed to the socialist or communist cause in order for a proletarian revolution to be successful. To this end, they seek to build massive communist parties with very large memberships.
Communist revolutions and coups throughout history
The following is a list of successful and unsuccessful communist revolutions and coups throughout history. Among the lesser known revolutions, a number of borderline cases have been included which may or may not have been communist revolutions. The nature of unsuccessful revolutions is particularly contentious since one can only speculate as to the kinds of policies that would have been implemented by the revolutionaries had they achieved victory.
Successful
1917: The October Revolution in the Russian Republic. It resulted in the creation of Soviet Russia, the predecessor of the Soviet Union. It also led to the Russian Civil War.
1921: The Mongolian Revolution of 1921 defeated the Republic of China's Mongolian puppet state and created the Mongolian People's Republic.
1944: The National Liberation Movement seizes power in Albania and creates the People's Socialist Republic of Albania.
1944: Bulgarian coup d'état.
1948: Czechoslovak coup d'état.
1949: The Chinese Communist Revolution led the establishment of the People's Republic of China and fleeing of the Republic of China to Taiwan.
1953-1959: The Cuban Revolution.
1969: The Corrective Move in South Yemen.
1969: The Somali coup d'état led to the formation of the Somali Democratic Republic.
1972: Mathieu Kérékou leads a military coup in Benin, leading to the creation of the People's Republic of Benin.
1978: The Saur Revolution leads to the establishment of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan and the start of the Afghan conflict.
1979: The New Jewel Movement overthrow's Eric Gairy's government in Grenada, creating the People's Revolutionary Government.
1979: The Nicaraguan Revolution sees the Sandinistas oust the Somoza government.
1983: The Upper Voltan coup d'état led by Thomas Sankara and Blaise Compaoré. Upper Volta was renamed Burkina Faso. Blaise Compaoré led the 1987 Burkina Faso coup d'état, which killed Thomas Sankara and reversed his far-left policies.
1996-2006: Nepalese Civil War.
Unsuccessful
1915-1921: Jungle Movement of Gilan
1918: Finnish Civil War
1918: Red Week (Netherlands)
1918: Luxembourg communist revolution
1918: Aster Revolution
1919: Bender Uprising
1920: Georgian coup attempt
1921: Proština rebellion
1923: September Uprising
1923: Hamburg Uprising
1924: Tatarbunary Uprising
1924: Estonian coup d'état attempt
1935: Brazilian communist uprising
1942-1954: Hukbalahap Rebellion
1946-1951: Telangana Rebellion
1948: Madiun Affair
1948-1949: Jeju uprising
1948-1960: Malayan Emergency
1948-1989: Communist insurgency in Burma
1960-1996: Guatemalan Civil War
1962-1990: Communist insurgency in Sarawak
1964-present: Colombian conflict
1965-1983: Communist insurgency in Thailand
1967-present: Naxalite–Maoist insurgency
1968-1989: Communist insurgency in Malaysia
1969-present: New People's Army rebellion
1970: Teoponte Guerrilla
1971: Sudanese coup d'état
1971: JVP insurrection
1972-1974: Araguaia Guerrilla War
1972-present: Maoist insurgency in Turkey
1979-1992: Salvadoran Civil War
1980-present: Internal conflict in Peru
1982: Amol uprising
1987-1989: JVP insurrection
See also
Class conflict
Communist state
Communist society
Revolutionary socialism
Notes
References
Bibliography
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Revolutions by type
20th-century revolutions