1918 in Hungary

1918 in Hungary
The following lists events in the year 1918 in Hungary.
Incumbents
King: Charles IV (until November 13/16)
Homo regius: Archduke Joseph August (October 26 – November 16)
President: Mihály Károlyi (until November 16)
Prime minister: Sándor Wekerle (until 30 October), János Hadik (October 30–31), Mihály Károlyi (from October 31)
Speaker of the House of Representatives: Károly Szász (until November 16)
Speaker of the House of Magnates: Endre Hadik-Barkóczy (until June 22), Gyula Wlassics (June 22 – November 16)
Events
January
January 5 – Lloyd George claims the dissolution of Austria-Hungary is not their war aim
January 6 – Czech representatives of the Imperial Diet call for a unified Czechoslovakia
January 8 – Wilson's 14 Points, demands "The people of Austria-Hungary, whose place among the nations we wish to see safeguarded and assured, should be accorded the freest opportunity to autonomous development"; Hungarian papers publish it on January 10
January 12 – Galileo Circle is banned
January 18–25 – General strike in Austria-Hungary
January 19 – 89th Common Infantry Regiment mutinies
February
February 1–3 – Cattaro Mutiny
February 9 – Treaty of Brest-Litovsk between Central Powers and Ukrainian People's Republic
March
March 3 – Treaty of Brest-Litovsk between Central Powers and Soviet Russia
March 24 Béla Kun establishes the Hungarian section inside the Russian Communist Party
April
April 8–10 – Congress of Oppressed Nationalities of the Austro-Hungarian Empire held in Rome
May
May 7 – Treaty of Bucharest: Romania signs a separate peace with the Central Powers
June
June 1 – First report of Spanish flu in Budapest newspapers
June 10 – SMS Szent István is sunk
June 15–23 – Second Battle of the Piave River: Entente defeats Austro-Hungarian offensive in Italy
June 29 – France recognizes Czechoslovakia
July
July 3 – First case of Spanish flu reported in Hungary
August
August 5 – Hunger riots in Cegléd, 300 women arrested
August 9 – British foreign minister Balfour recognizes Czechoslovakia as an allied nation
September
September 2 – US recognizes Czechoslovakia
September 11 – Electoral law Article XVII of 1918 (Lex Vázsonyi) gains royal assent. The franchise is expanded from 10 to 15%.
September 15 – Vardar offensive begins
September 20–21 – István Tisza visits Sarajevo
October
October 4 – Common Foreign Minister Burián asks for peace by Wilsonian principles
October 5–8 – Slovenian-Croatian-Serbian National Council established in Zagreb
October 16
Charles IV published the Völkermanifest
János Lékai attempts to assassinate István Tisza
October 17 – Austro-Hungarian compromise abolished, István Tisza declares the war lost
October 18 – Alexandru Vaida-Voevod's speech in front of the Hungarian Diet demands self-determination for Romanians in Hungary
October 21 –
Cisleithanian Germans declare independence
Wilson answers to Austro-Hungarian peace offer, demands the recognition of a Czechoslovak and Yugoslav state
October 22 - István Tisza dissolves his National Party of Work
October 24 – November 4 – Battle of Vittorio Veneto, the Italian Front collapses
October 23
The last session of Parliament before the revolution
PM Wekerle resigns
Hungarian National Council formed at midnight
October 25
Hungarian National Council officially declared to celebration in Budapest
Budapest Soldiers' Council is founded by Imre Csernyák
Charles IV in Gödöllő, negotiates on the formation of a new government
Masaryk and Gregory Zatkovich agrees Carpathian Ruthenia to join Czechoslovakia in the Philadelphia Agreement
October 26
The Budapest press defies censorship by publishing the program of the Hungarian National Council
Charles IV returns to Vienna
Refusing to nominate Károlyi, Archduke Joseph August is named Homo Regius
Slovak National Council established
October 27
Soldiers' Council negotiates with unions plotting an insurrection scheduled November 4
Common foreign minister Gyula Andrássy accepts armistice on entente terms, thereby indirectly recognizing Czechoslovak and Yugoslav independence
October 28
Battle of Chain Bridge
Czechoslovakia declares independence
Army of the Danube (AD) is separated from the Armée d'Orient advancing northwards. It is tasked to operate in Romania and the Crimea, lead by Henri Mathias Berthelot.
October 29
Slovak National Council declares independence in Turócszentmárton (St. Martin)
State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs declared in Zagreb
Hungarian administration flees Fiume
Charles IV appoints János Hadik as Prime Minister
Police in Budapest defects to the National Council
October 30
10:00: Third Wekerle Government dissolved, János Hadik takes his oath, starts to work on assembling his government
Protests escalate into the Aster Revolution
Miklós Horthy ordered to hand over the Austro-Hungarian fleet
October 31
3:00: János Hadik resigns his office
16:45 SMS Viribus Unitis handed over to the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, dissolving the Austro-Hungarian fleet
18:00 István Tisza assassinated
November
November 1
Banat Republic declared
West Ukrainian People's Republic declared
Mihály Károlyi's government established
Károlyi is relieved of his oath to Charles IV
The government takes a new oath to the National Council
November 2
Officers swear an oath to the Hungarian National Council
Minister of Defense Béla Linder's famous line "I never want to see a soldier again!"
Budapest Workers' Council established
Czech forces enter Hungary at Holics (Holíč)
November 3 – Armistice of Villa Giusti, comes into effect next day from 15:00
November 4 –
Jiu Valley National Council established in Petrozsény (Petroșani)
Hungarian Party of Communists established in Moscow by Béla Kun's circle, in the following month about 200 of them return to Hungary
November 5 – US Foreign Minister Lansing recognizes Romanian claim to Transylvania
November 7
Károlyi government begins armistice negotiations in Belgrade
Czechs enter Nagyszombat (Trnava)
November 8
Linder is replaced by Bartha as defense minister
Deserters (mostly Romanian) besiege the Urmánczy mansion in Jósikafalva (Beliș). Nándor Urmánczy recruites a private detachment and crushes the rioters, shoots 20 prisoners
November 9
Entente forces enter Novi Sad
Székely National Council in Budapest
Ruthenian National Council lead by Oreszt Szabó declares for Hungary
November 10 – Romania declares war on Germany, re-entering the war a day before it ends
November 12
Entente forces occupy Temesvár (Timișoara)
Romanian invasion of Transylvania begins at Gyergyótölgyes (Tulgheș)
Mackensen's occupying German Army begins to withdraw from Romania via Hungary, crossing into Hungary at Surduc Pass
November 13
Belgrade Armistice signed
Eckartsau Letter: Charles IV withdraws from all state affairs and recognizes Hungary's future form of government
Oszkár Jászi negotiates with the Romanian National Council in Arad (to November 14)
Viktor Heltai's National Guard squad is removed from Budapest to relive Czech attacks around Pozsony. Nagyszombat is recaptured.
November 15
Hungarian National Defense Association (MOVE) founded
Entente forces enter Pécs
Hungarian counter-attacks re-capture Turócszentmárton
November 16
Both Houses of the Parliament dissolve themselves - the National Council acts as provisional legislature
Hungary declared a republic ("First Republic"), Károlyi becomes provisional head of state
Hungarian counter-attacks re-capture Zsolna
November 17
Béla Kun returns to Hungary
General meeting of the Székely National Council, proposal for a Székely Republic
Franchet d'Esperey allows Romania to advance to the Belgrade Armistice line
November 18 German-Austria declares its territorial demands for the German-inhabited areas of Pozsony, Moson, Sopron, and Vas counties; in response, Hungary decides to cease food shipments
November 19 – Ruthenian National Council issues a memorandum to Oszkár Jászi
November 20 – Romanian National Council in Arad demands total independence
November 21 Austrian Foreign Minister Otto Bauer and Hungarian foreign secretary József Diner-Dénes agree to resume Hungarian food shipments in exchange for ceasing pro-Austrian agitation in Western Hungary
November 22 – Law 41/1918 in German Austria re-affirms Austrian territorial claims to Western Hungary
November 23 – No. I of 1918 People's Law expands the franchise to 50%. Universal male suffrage above 21 and female suffrage for literates above 24.
November 24 – Hungarian Party of Communists (KMP) established
November 25
Serbs of Vojvodina declares for Serbia at Novi Sad
Fernand Vix arrives to Budapest as the head of the Budapest Allied Military Mission to oversee a French occupation of Hungary which would never be implemented
Austrian-Hungarian trade agreement: Hungary provides cereals and animals in exchange for paper, medicine and industrial products
November 26 - Gang leader Viktor Heltai is arrested
November 28 - Székely and Transylvanian Hungarian National Assembly in Marosvásárhely
December
December 1
A council of Transylvanian Romanians declare for Romania in Alba Iulia
State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs unifies with Serbia
Székely Division established
December 2 – Romanians enter Marosvásárhely
December 3 – A note by Vix demands Hungarian withdrawal from "Slovakia", but does not specify a border
December 5–7 – Republic of Heinzenland in Burgerland
December 6
Hodža-Bartha Agreement – Minister of Defense Albert Bartha and Slovak politician Milan Hodža agree on a demarcation line for Slovakia, which is rejected by Czech leaders
Romanians enter Székelyudvarhely
December 7 – First issue of KMP's newspaper Vörös Újság published
December 8 – István Apáthy named High Government Commissioner for Eastern Hungary
December 9 – During the assembly of the Upper Hungarian German National Council seated in Késmárk (Kežmarok), the plan for establishing an independent Spiš Republic was presented. However, the republic was never proclaimed.
December 10 – First French troops arrive to Szeged; they are reinforced by the 157th Inf. Regiment on December 30, and the 210th Inf. Regiment on January 3, 1919
December 11 – Slovak People's Republic declared
December 12 – Protest by the Soldiers' Council forces defense minister Albert Bartha to resign. Minister of the Interior Tivadar Batthyány also resigns, replaced by Vince Nagy. With that, the overall balance of the Károlyi government shifts leftwards. Károlyi himself fills the defense position provisionally, alongside Vilmos Böhm.
December 15 – Romanians cross the Belgrade armistice line
December 16 – Mackansen arrested in Budapest
December 17 – Czechs enter Kežmarok
December 19 – Dissatisfied with the Hodža-Bartha Agreement, a new demarcation line is drafted by Clemenceau
December 21 – French foreign minister Stephen Pichon approves the new demarcation line between Hungary and Czechoslovakia, forwarded to Vix
December 22 –
Council of Transylvanian Hungarians in Cluj against Romanian occupation
Sándor Juhász Nagy replaces Márton Lovászy as Minister of Religion and Education
December 23 – A note by Vix declares the new demarcation line in Slovakia (Pichon Line)
December 24 – Romanians enter Cluj
December 25 – Yugoslav forces occupy Međimurje (Muraköz)
December 27 – Autonomous Rus'ka Krajina declared
December 29 –
Czech forces enter Košice, Slovak People's Republic dissolved
Böhm is replaced as defense minister by Sándor Festetics
December 31 – Berthelot-Apáthy agreement establishes a 15 km neutral zone in Transylvania, Romanians overstep it
Deaths
February 16 – Károly Khuen-Héderváry
October 31 – István Tisza
December 1 – Margit Kaffka
References
Bibliography
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1910s in Hungary
Years of the 20th century in Hungary
Hungary
Hungary