PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
Hakan Ünsal

Hakan Ünsal (born 14 May 1973) is a Turkish former professional footballer who played as a left wingback. He achieved third place at the 2002 FIFA World Cup with Turkey national team.
Career
Hakan Ünsal is remembered by many for his rocket left foot and his pinpoint passing as well as his ambition. He played most of his career at Galatasaray after joining from Karabükspor in 1993–94. After being a part of the squad that won the UEFA Cup in 2000, Ünsal moved to Blackburn Rovers of the English Premiership in January 2002. Blackburn had hoped to sign him in time for their upcoming appearance in the 2002 League Cup Final, however a work permit delayed his debut and he missed them lifting the cup. His return to Galatasaray was rapid as he was once again in Galatasaray colours for the 2002–03 season. After leaving Galatasaray following the 2004–05 season, he had a brief stint with Çaykur Rizespor before retiring from football.
He played for Turkey national team and was a participant at the 2002 FIFA World Cup where he collected his third place medal.
He is most famous for an incident during the World Cup when Brazil played Turkey. Rivaldo was about to take a corner and Ünsal kicked the ball at him as he was annoyed about the time Rivaldo was taking, delaying the game, as Brazil was winning 2–1. The ball hit Rivaldo on his legs but he collapsed dramatically holding his face and consequently Ünsal was sent off and Brazil went on to win the match. Rivaldo was fined, but the sanctions were criticized by many as being too lenient.
Ünsal is also remembered for his high level of sportsmanship on the field.
Career statistics
Honours
Galatasaray
Süper Lig: 1996–97, 1997–98, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2001–02
Turkish Cup: 1995–96, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2004–05
UEFA Cup: 1999–2000
UEFA Super Cup: 2000
Turkey
FIFA World Cup third place: 2002
References
External links
Profile at TFF.org
Living people
1973 births
People from Sinop, Turkey
Men's association football defenders
Turkish men's footballers
Kardemir Karabükspor footballers
Galatasaray S.K. footballers
Çaykur Rizespor footballers
Blackburn Rovers F.C. players
Premier League players
Süper Lig players
UEFA Cup winning players
Turkey men's international footballers
UEFA Euro 2000 players
2002 FIFA World Cup players
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Turkish expatriate sportspeople in England
Turkish expatriate men's footballers
شون غرينوود

شون غرينوود هو متزلج صدري أيرلندي، ولد في 30 يوليو 1987 في فانكوفر في كندا.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
كنديون من أصل أيرلندي
متزلجون صدريون أولمبيون في أيرلندا
متزلجون صدريون ذكور أيرلنديون
متزلجون صدريون في الألعاب الأولمبية الشتوية 2014
مواليد 1987
تاريخ لعبة الاحتكار اللوحية

تاريخ لعبة الاحتكار اللوحية يمكن أن يرجع لبداية قرن العشرين. حيث تم تصميم لعبة كانت تعرف باسم المالك تم تصميها من قبل الأمريكية، "إليزابيث ماجي"، حصلت على براءة اختراع للعبة في عام 1904 ولكن كانت اللعبة موجودة مُنذ بداية عام 1902.
صممت ماجي اللعبة على أساس مفهوم الاحتكار الاقتصادي لشرح نظرية الضرائب لهنري جورج. أردت أن تكون أداة تعليمية لشرح وجهة نظرها عن سلبية الاحتكار.
مُنذ السبعينات القرن الماضي بدات الفكرة بأنه اللعبة أصبحت فولكلور شعبي. وقد طبع في تعليمات اللعبة لسنوات عديدة وفي كتيب لعبة الاحتكار، واستشهد كتاب عام عن اللعبة في 2007 يحمل هذا المفهوم.
البطولات لعبة الاحتكار 1973-2015
مراجع
بنك الحظ
تاريخ ألعاب الطاولة
أرانكاسيباس

أرانكاسيباس
بلدية أرانكاسيباس ، هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة قونكة إحدى مقاطعات إسبانيا، والتي تقع في منطقة قشتالة لا منتشا وسط البلاد، والمائلة لجهة الشرق من إسبانيا.
يبلغ عدد سكانها 37 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2007).
مراجع
أماكن مأهولة في قونكة
بلديات قونكة
Flying

Flying may refer to:
Flight, the process of flying
Aviation, the creation and operation of aircraft
Music
Albums
Flying (Grammatrain album), 1997
Flying (Jonathan Fagerlund album), 2008
Flying (UFO album), 1971
Flying, by Bae Seul-ki
Flying, by Chas & Dave
Flying, by The Hometown Band
Songs
"Flying" (Beatles song), 1967
"Flying" (Bryan Adams song), 2004
"Flying" (Cast song), 1996
"Flying" (Chas & Dave song), 1982
"Flying", by Anathema from A Natural Disaster
"Flying", by Badfinger from Straight Up
"Flying", by Cory Marks from the 2022 extended play I Rise
"Flying", by James Newton Howard from the film Peter Pan
"Flying", by Living Colour from Collideøscope
"Flying", by Stan Rogers from From Fresh Water
"Flyin'", by Prism from See Forever Eyes
Other uses
Flying (magazine), a monthly publication
Flying (film), a 1986 drama film
"Flying" (The Good Place), an episode of the American comedy television series
Flying, a 1974 book by Kate Millett
See also
Fly (disambiguation)
Flying and gliding animals
Barton Childs

Barton Childs (February 29, 1916 – February 18, 2010) was an American pediatrician and geneticist. He was born in Chicago, Illinois, and graduated from Williams College in 1938. In 1942, he received his M.D. from Johns Hopkins University. Following military service in World War II, he returned to Johns Hopkins for a residency in pediatrics. After a fellowship at Boston Children's Hospital in Boston, he returned to Johns Hopkins University in 1949, where he remained until his retirement in 1981. He remained a professor emeritus in the Department of Pediatrics at The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine until his death.
Childs studied the genetics of adrenal hyperplasia, Crigler–Najjar syndrome, and propionic acidemia. He is known for his collaboration with William H. Zinkham, which demonstrated that Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is an X-linked recessive genetic disease. He is best known for a collaboration with Ronald Davidson and Harold Nitowsky, which demonstrated random inactivation of one of the two X-chromosomes in mammalian female cells, a mechanism of dosage compensation.
Childs was the author of many editorial pieces on genetic counseling, genetic screening, and behavioral genetics. He was a coauthor of The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease, published in four volumes. In his book Genetic Medicine: A Logic of Disease, published in 1999, he argues that in the future, all medicine, or medical theory, must be based on the individuality of gene-environment interaction.
Awards and honors
1959 E. Mead Johnson Award from the Society for Pediatric Research
1973 William Allan Award from the American Society of Human Genetics
1989 John Howland Award from the American Pediatric Society
1998 Joseph Zubin Award from the American Psychopathological Association.
References
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine alumni
Williams College alumni
Medical geneticists
American geneticists
American pediatricians
Johns Hopkins University faculty
1916 births
2010 deaths
American military personnel of World War II
Members of the National Academy of Medicine
جراحة الليزر

جراحة الليزر هي عملية جراحية يتم فيها قطع الأنسجة بالليزر(مشرط الليزر) بدلا من المشرط التقليدي، حيث تعمل حزمة شعاع الليزر على تبخير الماء الموجود في الأنسجة اللينة ومن ثم قطعها، وغالبا ما تستخدم في جراحة العيون.
أمثلة
تقنية الليزك: تستخدم لتصحيح عيوب انكسار العين مثل طول النظر، قصر النظر أو الاستيجماتيزم وذلك بإزالة جزء صغير من أنسجة القرنية بواسطة جهاز اكزايمر ليزر.
جراحة الليزر الأخضر: يستخدم لعلاج/الحد من تضخم البروستاتا .
اقرأ أيضاً
جراحة الليزر للأنسجة اللينية
مراجع
تطبيقات الليزر
جراحة
جراحة العين
طب الليزر
هيلين ليستير

هيلين ليستير هي كاتبة للأطفال وكاتِبة بريطانية، ولدت في 1936.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
كتاب أدب أطفال أمريكيون
مواليد 1936
كارين روبسون

كارين روبسون هي عالمة سياسة كندية، ولدت في 1973.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة يورك
خريجو جامعة إسكس
سياسة شبابية
عالمات اجتماع كنديات
عالمات سياسة
علم شبابي
علماء اجتماع كنديون
علماء سياسة كنديون
مواليد 1973
Jimmy Jackson (footballer, born 1931)

Jimmy Jackson (footballer, born 1931)
James Jackson (26 March 1931 – 2 March 2013) was a Scottish footballer who played mainly for Notts County.
Jackson made over 120 appearances for Notts County, scoring 50 goals, in two spells with the club. In between, he briefly played in Canada for Toronto.
References
External links
1931 births
2013 deaths
Scottish men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Notts County F.C. players
English Football League players
Oxford United F.C. players
Footballers from Glasgow
Maximiliano Lovera

Maximiliano Lovera
Maximiliano Alberto Lovera (born 9 March 1999) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a winger for Primera División club Rosario Central, on loan from Olympiacos.
Club career
Rosario Central
Lovera joined the Rosario Central senior squad for the 2016 Argentine Primera División season, making his professional debut on 2 May 2016 during a loss to Gimnasia y Esgrima. He made one further appearance during 2016, versus Quilmes on 15 May. In his first match of 2016–17, in December, Lovera netted the first goal of his career in a defeat against Lanús. He ended that season with two goals in sixteen fixtures.
Olympiacos
On 31 August 2019, after three goals in sixty-nine matches, Lovera left Rosario Central for Super League Greece side Olympiacos; for a reported initial fee of €3.3 million. His first appearance came against Lamia on 28 September. He netted two goals in a round of sixteen victory over Kalamata on 15 January 2020 in the Greek Cup; the final for which, in August, was postponed due to Lovera's positive COVID-19 test. After featuring in a cup match against Panetolikos on 20 January 2021, Lovera departed on loan.
Racing Club loan
In early February 2021, Racing Club completed the loan signing of Lovera; until the succeeding December.
AC Omonia loan
On 31 January 2022, in the last day of winter transfer window, Omonia completed the loan signing of Lovera, until the summer of 2022.
International career
In July 2017, Lovera was selected for Argentina U20 training. He was again chosen by the U20s in the following May, to train with the senior squad at the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. In October 2018, Lovera played and scored for the U20s in a friendly with Ecuador.
Personal life
In August 2020, it was announced that Lovera had tested positive for COVID-19; amid the pandemic. This caused the 2019–20 Greek Cup final, which Olympiacos later won, to be postponed.
Career statistics
.
Honours
Rosario Central
Copa Argentina: 2017–18
Olympiacos
Super League Greece: 2019–20
Greek Cup: 2019–20
Omonia
Cypriot Cup: 2021–22
References
External links
1999 births
Living people
Footballers from Formosa Province
Argentine men's footballers
Argentina men's youth international footballers
Argentina men's under-20 international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus
Argentine Primera División players
Super League Greece players
Cypriot First Division players
Rosario Central footballers
Olympiacos F.C. players
Racing Club de Avellaneda footballers
AC Omonia players
Ionikos F.C. players
تشاباييفسك

تشاباييفسك هي إحدى مدن روسيا في الكيان الفدرالي الروسي سمارا أوبلاست.
أعلام
سيرجي أفدييف
مراجع
مدن وبلدات في مقاطعة سمارا
أوتو رويتر

أوتو رويتر
أوتو رويْتر Otto Reuther (1890 – 1973) كان كاتبا وأستاذا جامعيا ألمانيا في الاقتصاد.
كانت رسالته للدكتوراه بعنوان تطور صناعة النسيج في أوجسبورج، وصدرت عام 1914. وعمل رويتر أستاذا جامعيا في الكلية التقنية في ميونخ.
كتب قصة ريفية تدور في منطقة أمرزيه Ammersee وهي بعنوان Der Goggolore ونشرت في عام 1935، وبعد وفاة الكاتب كانت تلك القصة ملهمة لميشائيل إنده Michael Ende. وقد حاول ورثة الكاتب الحؤول دون هذا الاستيلاء ولكن لم تكلل محاولاتهم بالنجاح في ساحة المحكمة الاتحادية.
وقد كتب رويتر نصا أوبراليا للمؤلف الموسيقي سيزار بريسجان .
مراجع
كتاب وكاتبات ألمان
مواليد 1890
وفيات 1973
Harbiye, Şişli

Harbiye, Şişli
Harbiye is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Şişli, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its population is 2,157 (2022).
The neighbourhood takes its name from the Mekteb-i Harbiye (Ottoman War Academy) that functioned here for many years, albeit with intervals, in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Harbiye is separated from Kurtuluş to the west by busy Cumhuriyet Caddesi (Independence Street). To its north are the upmarket neighbourhoods of Nişantaşı and Teşvikiye, while to its east is leafy Maçka. To its south are the heavily built-up Elmadağ and Taksim neighbourhoods.
The nearest Metro station to Harbiye is Osmanbey on the M2 line but many buses and dolmuşes plough up and down Cumhuriyet Caddesi.
Attractions
Harbiye's most important tourist attraction is the Military Museum (Askeri Müzesi) which is housed in the buildings of the old Mekteb-i Harbiye (Ottoman War Academy. It contains a fine collection of embroidered Ottoman war tents and paintings by the war artist Hasan Rıza Bey. It also preserves a classroom where Atatürk studied from 1899 to 1905. It is housed in a mid-19th century building that replaces a slightly earlier one, lost to fire. It opened to the public in 1993.
The 19th-century French girls school, the Lycée Notre Dame de Sion Istanbul, stands on the western side of Cumhuriyet Caddesi. Inside the grounds are the Church of St Espirit, designed by Giuseppe Fossati in 1846 and a statue of Pope Benedict XV.
The Hilton Istanbul Bosphorus, Turkey's first five-star hotel, designed in 1955 by Sedad Hakki Eldem, is on the eastern side of Cumhuriyet Caddesi, surrounded by extensive grounds, a precious commodity in such a built-up part of town. The Istanbul Radio House is on the eastern side of the road on the site of a lost Armenian cemetery.
The Architecture Department of the Istanbul Technical University (İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi) is housed in what was originally the Taskısla (Stone Barracks) building designed by British architect William James Smith between 1846 and 1852
There are a number of cultural institutions in Harbiye including the Harbiye Muhsin Ertuğrul Stage,the Cemal Reşit Rey Concert Hall, the Istanbul Congress Center and the Cemil Topuzlu Open-Air Theatre.
Most of Macka Park a large and very popular inner-city green space where concerts and festivals are held in summer, lies within the Harbiye area.
Gallery
References
Neighbourhoods of Şişli
Antipasto

Antipasto (: antipasti) is the traditional first course of a formal Italian meal. Usually made of bite-size small portions and served on a platter from which everyone serves themselves, the purpose of antipasti is to stimulate the appetite. Typical ingredients of a traditional antipasto includes cured meats, olives, peperoncini, mushrooms, anchovies, artichoke hearts, various cheeses (such as provolone or mozzarella), pickled meats, and vegetables in oil or vinegar.
The contents of an antipasto vary greatly according to regional cuisine. Different preparations of saltwater fish and traditional southern cured meats (like soppressata or 'nduja) are popular in the south of Italy, whereas in northern Italy it is common to serve different kinds of cured meats and mushrooms and, especially near lakes, preparations of freshwater fish. The cheeses included also vary significantly between regions and backgrounds, and include hard and soft cheeses.
Many compare antipasto to hors d'oeuvre, but antipasto is served at the table and signifies the official beginning of the Italian meal. It may also be referred to as a starter, or an appetizer.
See also
Cured meat
List of ancient dishes and foods
List of hors d'oeuvre
List of Italian dishes
Meze
Tapas
Zakuski
References
Further reading
Appetizers
Italian cuisine
Serving and dining
(31638) 1999 GL32

(31638) 1999 GL32
1999 جي أل 32 (ويعرف أيضًا باسم (31638) 1999 جي أل 32 وفق تسمية الكوكب الصغير) ؛ هو كويكب ضمن حزام الكويكبات.
اكتُشف هذا الجُرم الفلكي بواسطة بحث لنكولن عن الكويكبات القريبة من الأرض في 7 أبريل 1999، وترتيبه 31638 من حيث الاكتشاف.
الوصف
اكتُشف في 7 أبريل 1999 في مرصد ماغدالينا ريدج، الواقع في مقاطعة سوكورو، نيومكسيكو في الولايات المتحدة، بواسطة مشروع بحث لنكولن عن الكويكبات القريبة من الأرض . وقد رصد المشروع 1,567 مشاهدة للكويكب إلى غاية 8 أكتوبر 2021 بتوقيت منطقة المحيط الهادئ، أي في مدة قدرها 9,090 يومًا (24.9 عام). تستغرق الفترة المدارية للكويكب 1,590 يومًا (4.4 عام).
الخصائص المدارية
يتميز مدار هذا الكويكب بنصف محور رئيسي يبلغ 2.66 وحدة فلكية، وحضيض قدره 2.1 وحدة فلكية، وانحراف قدره 0.211 وزاوية ميلان 16.7 درجة بالنسبة لمسار الشمس. بسبب هذه الخصائص، أي نصف المحور الرئيسي بين 2 و3.2 وحدة فلكية وحضيض أكبر من 1,666 وحدة فلكية، يُصنف هذا الجُرم الفلكي وفقًا لقاعدة بيانات مختبر الدفع النفاث لأجرام النظام الشمسي الصغيرة كائنًا من حزام الكويكبات الرئيسي.
الخصائص الفيزيائية
يُقدر القدر المطلق (H) لـ بـ13.66 ووضاءته بـ0.257، مما يمكِّن تقدير قطره بـ 5.483كم. استُخلصت هذه النتائج بفضل ملاحظات مستكشف الأشعة تحت الحمراء عريض المجال (WISE)، وهو مرصد فضائي أمريكي وُضع في المدار في عام 2009 ويراقب السماء بأكملها بالأشعة تحت الحمراء، في عام 2011، نُشرت النتائج الأولى المتعلقة بالكويكبات من الحزام الرئيسي.
انظر أيضًا
قائمة الكواكب الصغيرة
المراجع
وصلات خارجية
أجرام فلكية اكتشفت في 1999
اكتشافات بحث لينكون للكويكبات القريبة من الأرض
حزام الكويكبات
كواكب صغيرة مسماة
NGC 1118

NGC 1118 في الفهرس العام الجديد، هي مجرة، تقع في كوكبة النهر. اكتشفت في 1 نوفمبر 1886 بواسطة لويس سويفت.
مراجع
روابط خارجية
أجرام الفهرس العام الجديد
أجرام فلكية اكتشفت في 1886
اكتشافات لويس سويفت
كوكبة النهر
مجرات محدبة
Tobias Lauritsen

Tobias Lauritsen (born 30 August 1997) is a Norwegian footballer who plays as a striker for Eredivisie side Sparta Rotterdam.
Career
Club
Lauritsen started his career in Herkules and got his first-team debut in 2013. Midway in the season Herkules had to pull its team from league play, making the entire player roster available for transfer. Lauritsen went to Urædd FK together with Kevin Jablinski among others. One year later, Lauritsen progressed to the regional giants Odds BK where Jablinski had already gone.
Lauritsen made his Odd debut in the 2015 Norwegian Football Cup first round, coming off the bench and scoring in a 13–0 thrashing of Skotfoss. He then mainly saw playing time for Odds BK 2, the B team, in the 2015 2. divisjon, playing one more first-team game, the first leg of the 2016 Norwegian Football Cup.
In the summer of 2016 Odd picked up the talent Stefan Mladenovic from another neighboring club Pors, and Pors wanted Lauritsen and other players in a player exchange deal. The deal did not go through, but in September 2016 Lauritsen joined Pors anyway. Sustaining an injury in his debut game, Lauritsen could not prevent relegation from the 2016 2. divisjon, but in the 2017 3. divisjon he scored 32 goals in 26 league games. As a result he was bought by his old club Odd. He finally made his Eliteserien debut, as a substitute in the league opener against Haugesund, and in the first round of the 2018 Norwegian Football Cup he bagged four goals.
On 21 June 2022, Lauritsen signed a three-year contract with Dutch club Sparta Rotterdam that came into effect at the end of July 2022.
Career statistics
Club
References
1997 births
Living people
Footballers from Skien
Norwegian men's footballers
Pors Fotball players
Odds BK players
Eliteserien players
Men's association football forwards
محمد بن سليمان الجاسر

محمد بن سليمان الجاسر
محمد بن سليمان بن محمد الجاسر مستشار (بمرتبة وزير) سابق في الأمانة العامة لمجلس الوزراء السعودي، ورئيس سابق لمجلس إدارة الهيئة العامة للمنافسة، انتخب رئيسا للبنك الإسلامي للتنمية في يوليو 2021. تولى الجاسر منصب وزير الاقتصاد والتخطيط السعودي وشغل قبل ذلك منصب محافظ مؤسسة النقد العربي السعودي. حاصل على شهادة الدكتوراه في الاقتصاد من جامعة كاليفورنيا عام 1986. سبق له أن شغل منصب المدير التنفيذي وممثل السعودية في صندوق النقد الدولي.
المؤهلات العلمية
دكتوراه في الإقتصاد من جامعة كاليفورنيا كاليفورنيا / الولايات المتحدة عام 1986 م.
ماجستير في الإقتصاد من جامعة كاليفورنيا كاليفورنيا / الولايات المتحدة عام 1981 م.
بكالوريوس في الإقتصاد من جامعة ولاية سان دييغو كاليفورنيا / الولايات المتحدة عام 1979 م.
الخبرة العملية
وزير الاقتصاد والتخطيط السعودي (2011 - 2015)
محافظ مؤسسة النقد العربي السعودي (2009 - 2011).
أول رئيس للمجلس النقدي الخليجي (2010 - 2011).
نائب محافظ مؤسسة النقد العربي السعودي (1995 - 2009).
المدير التنفيذي في صندوق النقد الدولي (1990 - 1995).
رئيس مجلس إدارة شركة الاتصالات السعودية.
رئيس مجلس إدارة الشركة العربية للاستثمار.
عضو مجلس إدارة شركة التعدين العربية السعودية.
رئيس مجلس إدارة هيئة تنظيم الكهرباء والإنتاج المزدوج.
مصادر
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من بريدة
اقتصاديون سعوديون
حائزون على وسام الملك عبد العزيز
حائزون على وشاح الملك عبد العزيز
خريجو جامعة سان دييغو الحكومية
خريجو جامعة كاليفورنيا (بركلي)
خريجو جامعة كاليفورنيا (ريفرسايد)
رؤساء منظمات
سياسيون سعوديون في القرن 21
محافظو مؤسسة النقد العربي السعودي
مواليد 1955
مواليد في بريدة
وزراء اقتصاد وتخطيط سعوديون
وزراء سعوديون
وزراء سعوديون سابقون
رؤساء البنك الإسلامي للتنمية
هارولد إي. تومسون

هارولد إي. تومسون هو أمريكي، ولد في 1921، وتوفي في 29 أكتوبر 2003.
مراجع
حاملو الرقم القياسي لسرعة الطيران
أصحاب السجلات الهوائية
رواد الطيران
طيارو اختبار أمريكيون
طيارون أمريكيون
مواليد 1921
وفيات 2003
كوروشيو

كوروشيو هي بلدية في اليابان، وبلدة في اليابان، تقع في كوتشي، ومقاطعة هاتا، بلغ عدد سكانها 10,595 نسمة وذلك حسب إحصائيات سنة 2018، تبلغ مساحتها 188.59 كيلومتر مربع.
توأمة
لكوروشيو اتفاقيات توأمة مع:
شيمانتو
مراجع
بلدات في محافظة كوتشي
مدن ساحلية في اليابان
جوني سوير

جوني سوير هو مهندس أمريكي، ولد في 7 يونيو 1902، وتوفي في 17 يونيو 1989.
مراجع
رياضيون من ميلووكي
سائقو إنديانابوليس 500
سائقو سيارات سباق أمريكيون
سائقو سيارات سباق أمريكيون في القرن 20
سائقو سيارات سباق من ويسكونسن
مواليد 1902
وفيات 1989
سائقو سيارات سباق من ميلووكي
1981 South African Grand Prix

1981 South African Grand Prix
The 1981 South African Grand Prix was a Formula Libre motor race held on 7 February 1981 at Kyalami.
The race was originally scheduled to be the opening round of the 1981 FIA Formula One World Championship. However, the ongoing war between Fédération Internationale du Sport Automobile (FISA) and the Formula One Constructors' Association (FOCA) resulted in FISA insisting on a date change which was not acceptable to the race organisers. Approval was ultimately given for the race to go ahead on its original date, but as a Formula Libre race rather than as a round of the Formula One World Championship. The downgraded race was supported by the teams affiliated with FOCA, but not by the manufacturer teams (Alfa Romeo, Ferrari, Ligier, Osella and Renault), all of whom were aligned with FISA. (Toleman was experiencing troubles with its overweight car and would not debut until the San Marino Grand Prix). The eleven teams present all fielded cars fitted with sliding side skirts, aerodynamic devices which were illegal in Formula One for 1981 but acceptable under Formula Libre regulations. The absence of the manufacturer teams meant that all 19 cars in the race were powered by Ford Cosworth engines.
The race was eventually won by Carlos Reutemann, driving a Williams, with Nelson Piquet second in a Brabham and Elio de Angelis third in a Lotus.
Classification
Qualifying
Race
References
1981 SA Grand Prix Dieter Rencken RacingLines https://www.racefans.net/2019/01/23/wpdc-the-breakaway-threat-which-set-the-template-for-modern-f1/
External links
South African Grand Prix
South African Grand Prix
Grand Prix
February 1981 sports events in Africa
سيفاستيانا (بيلا)

سيفاستيانا (بيلا)
سيفاستيانا (Σεβαστιανά) هي مدينة في بيلا في مقاطعة فوريا إلادا في اليونان.
مراجع
مدن اليونان