PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
2004 Norwegian Football Cup

2004 Norwegian Football Cup
The 2004 Norwegian Football Cup was the 99th edition of the Norwegian Football Cup. The tournament was contested by 128 teams, going through 7 rounds before a winner could be declared. The final match was played on 7 November at Ullevaal stadion in Oslo. Brann won their 6th Norwegian Championship title after defeating Lyn in the final with the score 4–1.
The clubs from Tippeligaen all made it to round 3 (round of 32). However, six Tippeligaen teams - Vålerenga, Odd Grenland, Viking, Fredrikstad, Molde and Sogndal - were knocked out in the third round. The fourth round (round of 16) saw two more top tier clubs - Tromsø and Bodø/Glimt - being knocked out, leaving six Tippeligaen teams and two 1. divisjon teams the quarter-finals.
Brann won the cup, beating Lyn 4–1 in the final match.
Calendar
Below are the dates for each round as given by the official schedule:
First round
|colspan="3" style="background-color:#97DEFF"|5 May 2004
|-
|colspan="3" style="background-color:#97DEFF"|6 May 2004
|}
Second round
|colspan="3" style="background-color:#97DEFF"|26 May 2004
|-
|colspan="3" style="background-color:#97DEFF"|27 May 2004
|-
|colspan="3" style="background-color:#97DEFF"|28 May 2004
|}
Third round
|colspan="3" style="background-color:#97DEFF"|3 June 2004
|-
|colspan="3" style="background-color:#97DEFF"|9 June 2004
|-
|colspan="3" style="background-color:#97DEFF"|10 June 2004
|}
Fourth round
Quarter-finals
Semi-finals
Final
Top goalscorers
References
Norwegian Football Cup seasons
Norwegian Football Cup
Football Cup
Booted warbler

Booted warbler
The booted warbler (Iduna caligata) is an Old World warbler in the tree warbler group. It was formerly considered to be conspecific with Sykes's warbler, but the two are now usually both afforded species status. Booted warbler itself breeds from central Russia to western China, and migrates to winter in the Indian subcontinent as far south as Sri Lanka. Booted warbler has expanded its breeding range westward in recent decades and nests now as far west and north as Finland.
It is a small passerine bird, found in open country with bushes and other tall vegetation. Three or four eggs are laid in a nest in a bush or vegetation. Like most warblers they are insectivorous.
These are small warblers, especially compared to others in their genus. They are pale brown above and whitish below with buff flanks. The outer tail feathers have pale edges. They have a short pale supercilium, and the bill is strong and pointed. Sykes's warbler is larger and greyer than the booted warbler, and most resembles an eastern olivaceous warbler.
Keyserling and Blasius gave no explanation of the genus name Iduna, though in Norse mythology Iðunn, or Iduna, is the goddess of spring and fertility who was changed into a sparrow (or a nut) to enable her rescue by Loki. The specific caligata is Latin for "booted" from caliga, "boot".
Gallery
References
booted warbler
Birds of Russia
booted warbler
حصار ياسر عرفات

حصار ياسر عرفات أو حصار مقر الرئاسة الفلسطينية هو حصار فرضه الجيش الإسرائيلي على الرئيس الفلسطيني السابق ياسر عرفات في فترة الانتفاضة الثانية استمر الحصار لمدة 3 سنوات.
ميزان القوى
من ناحية قوات الحرس الرئاسي الفلسطيني: كان يوجد 4000 جندي مسلحين بـ (بنادق كلاشنكوف) و50 مدرعة من نوع بي أر دي إم-2، أما الجيش الإسرائيلي: حشد 20,000 جندي معهم 500 دبابة ميركافا و50 طائرة مقاتلة و80 جرافة D9.
الأحداث
اقتحمت القوات الإسرائيلية المقر الرئاسي ودار قتال عنيف بين الحرس الرئاسي والجيش الإسرائيلي ودام الحصار لمدة 3 سنوات وأثناء الحصار تدهورت صحة ياسر عرفات كليا مما أدى إلى خروجه من المقاطعة والذهاب إلى فرنسا لتلقي العلاج. وعدد شهداء الفلسطينيين : 148 شهيد و 400 جريح. أما عدد قتلى الإسرائيليين: 30 قتيل و 127 جريح.
ردود الفعل
لقي الحصار على المقاطعة استنكار عربي وأوروبي واسع وخصوصا بعد وفاة الرئيس ياسر عرفات، وأدانته كل الدول العربية وبعض الدول الأوروبية، واتهمت الدول العربية إسرائيل بأنها سبب وفاة عرفات لأنها لم تسمح له بمغادرة المقاطعة إلا بعدما تدهورت صحته كليا.
المراجع
مقاومة فلسطينية
حصارات في فلسطين
الانتفاضة الفلسطينية الثانية
ياسر عرفات
عملية الدرع الواقي
فلسطين في 2002
إليزابيث همفريز بنروز

إليزابيث همفريز بنروز (30 ديسمبر 1960، ويلمنغتون في الولايات المتحدة)؛ روائية أمريكية.
المصادر
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أمريكيات في القرن 21
روائيات أمريكيات
روائيون من بنسيلفانيا
شاعرات أمريكيات
شعراء أمريكيون في القرن 21
كاتبات أمريكيات في القرن 21
كتاب خيال علمي أمريكيون
كتاب من بيتسبرغ
كتاب من ديلاوير
كتاب من ويلمنغتون (ديلاوير)
كتابات خيال علمي وفنتازيا
مواليد 1960
Uzbekistan Billie Jean King Cup team

Uzbekistan Billie Jean King Cup team
The Uzbekistan Fed Cup team represents Uzbekistan in Fed Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Uzbekistan Tennis Federation. They currently compete in the Asia/Oceania Zone of Group I. Current Uzbek Team consists of Akgul Amanmuradova (WTA ranking 63), Sabina Sharipova (WTA ranking 333) and Nigina Abduraimova (WTA ranking 497).
History
Uzbekistan competed in its first Fed Cup in 1995. Their best result was 2nd in Asia/Oceania Group I in 2011, losing the decisive promotion play off to Japan. In 2016, Uzbekistan lost the relegation play-off against South Korea and was relegated to Asia/Oceania Zone II in 2017. In Zone II, Uzbekistan reached the promotional play-offs on each occasion 2017, 2018, and 2019, the year which they won the promotional play-offs.
Players
See also
Fed Cup
Uzbekistan Davis Cup team
External links
Uzbekistan Fed Cup team
Akgul Amanmuradova - Official Site
Billie Jean King Cup teams
Fed Cup
Fed Cup
A Capela

A Capela is a municipality in province of A Coruña in the autonomous community of Galicia in north-western Spain. It is located in the comarca of Eume. It has a population of 1,238 inhabitants (INE, 2018) and a population density of 24.81 inhabitants per square kilometer.
References
See also
Fragas do Eume
Capela, A
Jeff Silva (footballer)

Jeff Silva (footballer)
Jefferson da Silva Nascimento (born June 29, 1986) known as Jeff Silva, is a Brazilian football defender who plays for Boavista.
Career
Born in Campo Mourão, he begin playing in the youth team of Londrina Esporte Clube where he became senior in 2006. In 2007, he had a spell in Portugal with S.C. Beira-Mar. In December 2007 Avaí Futebol Clube signed him from Londrina and he was part of the team that won promotion to the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A. However, he did not stay and moved abroad to play with Red Star Belgrade in the Serbian SuperLiga. In the winter break of the 2009–10 he was released, and while returning to Brazil, he was picked right in the airport by Atlético Monte Azul to sign him and helped them win the Campeonato Paulista A2. After only 6 months he was signed in July 2010 by Fortaleza Esporte Clube, however his spell with them in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série C there was also short, as by the end of the year he was signing with Clube Náutico Capibaribe.+
On December 12, 2012 he moved to ABC FC, Brasil Serie B.
Honours
Monte Azul
Campeonato Paulista Série A2: 2009
Fortaleza
Campeonato Cearense: 2010
References
External sources
Jeff Silva at Srbijafudbal
Living people
1986 births
Brazilian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Serbian SuperLiga players
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal
Expatriate men's footballers in Serbia
Expatriate men's footballers in Hungary
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Serbia
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Hungary
Londrina Esporte Clube players
S.C. Beira-Mar players
Avaí FC players
Red Star Belgrade footballers
Atlético Monte Azul players
Fortaleza Esporte Clube players
Clube Náutico Capibaribe players
Fehérvár FC players
Diósgyőri VTK players
ABC Futebol Clube players
Paulista Futebol Clube players
Ceilândia Esporte Clube players
Boavista Sport Club players
Esporte Clube Novo Hamburgo players
People from Campo Mourão
Footballers from Paraná (state)
دليل المستخدم

دليل المستخدم (بالإنجليزية:User Guide) هي وثيقة مساعدة تهدف إلى تقديم المساعدة إلى الأشخاص الذين يستخدمون منتجاً معيناً، وغالباً ما يكون على شكل كتيب مطبوع إلكترونياً أو يكتبه ورقياً مبرمجون أومديرو المنتج أو غيرهم من الموظفين الفنيين وهي توجد بكثرة في المنتجات الإلكترونية، وأجهزة الحاسوب والبرمجيات وغيرها. يحتوي دليل المستخدم بشكل عام على دليل كتابي وصور لمساعدة المستخدم في استعمال المنتج.
طالع أيضاً
كاتب تقني
صفحات الدليل (يونكس)
مراجع
اتصالات تقنية
تجارة
صيانة
وثائق
ليزا نيلسون

ليزا نيلسون هي مغنية سويدية، ولدت في 13 أغسطس 1970 في في السويد.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
مغنون باللغة السويدية
مغنون سويديون باللغة الإنجليزية
مغنون سويديون في القرن 21
مغنيات سويديات
مغنيات سويديات في القرن 21
مغنيات في القرن 21
مواليد 1970
نجيب محفوظ يتذكر (كتاب)

نجيب محفوظ يتذكر (كتاب)
نجيب محفوظ يتذكر هي رواية من تأليف أ. جمال الغيطاني.
فكرة الرواية
هذا الكتاب محصلة حوارات طويلة جرت بين جمال الغيطاني الروائي المعروف ورئيس تحريرة جريدة "أخبار الأدب"، بعضها جرى منذ زمن طويل، ومحصلة جلسات طويلة منتظمة استغرقت ساعات طويلة. وقد صاغها الغيطاني دون أي تدخل ما عدا حذف الأسئلة.
انظر أيضا
جمال الغيطاني.
المصادر
goodreads
نجيب محفوظ
الدوري الشمالي لكرة القدم 1914–15

الدوري الشمالي لكرة القدم 1914–15 هو موسم من . فاز فيه .
نتائج الموسم
مراجع
1914–15 في دوريات كرة قدم إنجليزية
الدوري الشمالي لكرة القدم
مواسم الدوري الشمالي لكرة القدم
العلاقات السورينامية الكوبية

العلاقات السورينامية الكوبية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين سورينام وكوبا.
مقارنة بين البلدين
هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين:
منظمات دولية مشتركة
يشترك البلدان في عضوية مجموعة من المنظمات الدولية، منها:
وصلات خارجية
موقع وزارة الخارجية السورينامية
موقع وزارة الخارجية الكوبية
مراجع
علاقات سورينام الثنائية
علاقات كوبا الثنائية
محمد رمل

محمد رمل (1939- 2004)، أحد مؤذني المسجد الحرام بمكة المكرمة، ولد في جاوا عام 1358هـ/ 1939م، لكنه نشأ وترعرع في مكة، بجوار الرواق العثماني في كنف والده، إذ كان والده وجده مؤذنان في الحرم المكي، وقد بدأ بالآذان في الحرم عام 1407هـ / 1987م، واستمر بعمله مؤذنًا حتى وفاته، حيث كان آخر آذان له في المسجد الحرام هو آذان الفجر الأول من يوم الاثنين 7 ربيع الأول 1425هـ / 26 أبريل 2004، وتوفي مساء الجمعة 21 جمادى الأول 1425هـ/ 9 يوليو 2004 في جدة، وصلى عليه في الحرم المكي بعد صلاة الفجر، ودفن في مقبرة المعلاة بمكة.
المراجع
مدفونون في مقبرة المعلاة
مواليد 1939
مؤذنو المسجد الحرام
مؤذنون
وفيات 2004
Rockport, Kentucky

Rockport, Kentucky
Rockport is a home rule-class city in Ohio County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 266 at the 2010 census. The city is descriptively named for the large rocks on a nearby river bank.
History
Rockport is rooted in a small settlement known as Benton's Ferry, which developed along the Green River in the early 19th century. When a post office was established in 1863, the settlement used the name "Rock Port" (later shortened to a single word). Originally located primarily along the river, most of the city has since shifted to the bluff above the river.
Geography
Rockport is located at (37.336428, −86.992778). The city is situated along the Green River northeast of Central City. U.S. Route 62 traverses the city.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and (5.00%) is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 334 people, 133 households, and 104 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 152 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 99.40% White, and 0.60% from two or more races.
There were 133 households, out of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.4% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.1% were non-families. 19.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 2.85.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.1% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 29.9% from 45 to 64, and 16.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.8 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $28,889, and the median income for a family was $32,500. Males had a median income of $42,188 versus $16,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,184. About 22.4% of families and 26.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 38.4% of those under age 18 and 14.6% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Cities in Ohio County, Kentucky
Cities in Kentucky
Benjamin Sulimani

Benjamin Sulimani (born 26 September 1988) is an Austrian footballer who plays for SC Korneuburg.
His brother Emin is also a professional footballer.
Career
In July 2013, Sulimani signed a six-month contract with Tippeligaen side Viking FK, before resigned for Admira Wacker in December 2013.
References
External links
Benjamin Sulimani at ÖFB
1988 births
Living people
Austrian men's footballers
Austrian expatriate men's footballers
Austrian Football Bundesliga players
2. Liga (Austria) players
Eliteserien players
SV Ried players
SpVgg Greuther Fürth players
SC Austria Lustenau players
FC Admira Wacker Mödling players
FK Austria Wien players
Kapfenberger SV players
SC-ESV Parndorf 1919 players
Viking FK players
SV Grödig players
SV Horn players
Austrian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Austrian expatriate sportspeople in Norway
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
Expatriate men's footballers in Norway
Austrian people of Macedonian descent
Austrian people of Albanian descent
Men's association football forwards
Sportspeople from Wels
Footballers from Upper Austria
Ciarán Clarke

Ciarán Clarke (born 1993) is an Irish hurler who plays as a left corner-forward for the Antrim senior team.
Biography
Born in Ballycastle, County Antrim, Clarke first arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of sixteen when he first linked up with the Antrim minor team, before later joining the under-21 side. He made his senior debut during the 2013 championship. Clarke immediately became a regular member of the starting fifteen and has won one Ulster medal.
Clarke has been a member of the Ulster inter-provincial team on a number of occasions, Fenton won three Railway Cup medals. At club level he plays with Ballycastle McQuillan.
Honours
Team
Antrim
National League Division 2A (1): 2020
Joe McDonagh Cup (1): 2020
Ulster Senior Hurling Championship (1): 2013
Ulster Under-21 Hurling Championship (1): 2013
Ulster Minor Hurling Championship (2): 2009, 2010
References
1993 births
Living people
Ballycastle McQuillan hurlers
Antrim inter-county hurlers
Ulster inter-provincial hurlers
الإكتنينيون

الإكتنينيون تعني «ممدودة النتوء القذالي» ، وهو جنس منقرض من كلبيات الأسنان الآكلة للحوم التي عاشت خلال العصر الثلاثي المتأخر (الكارني) في أمريكا الجنوبية.
مراجع
تكوين إشيغوالاستو
أصنوفات أحفورية وصفت في 1996
أصنوفات سماها كاترين فورستر
الحياة في مرحلة الكارني
العصر الثلاثي في الأرجنتين
مستحاثات الأرجنتين
آبي ماسايوشي

آبي ماسايوشي (باليابانية: 阿部正由؛ بالكانا: あべ まさよし) هو ساموراي ياباني، ولد في 19 ديسمبر 1769، وتوفي في 28 نوفمبر 1808.
مراجع
دايميو
مواليد 1769
وفيات 1808
Auburn, Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin

Auburn, Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin
Auburn is a town in Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 2,075 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated communities of New Fane and New Prospect are located within Auburn. The ghost town of New Cassel was also located in Auburn.
History
Two brothers who settled the area named the town after their hometown—Auburn, New York.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 35.8 square miles (92.6 km2), of which, 35.2 square miles (91.1 km2) of it is land and 0.6 square miles (1.5 km2) of it (1.59%) is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,075 people, 732 households, and 603 families residing in the town. The population density was 59.0 people per square mile (22.8/km2). There were 758 housing units at an average density of 21.5 per square mile (8.3/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.98% White, 0.05% African American, 1.06% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 0.34% from other races, and 0.34% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.96% of the population.
There were 732 households, out of which 38.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 75.8% were married couples living together, 3.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.5% were non-families. 13.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.11.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.5% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 31.6% from 25 to 44, 25.3% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.4 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $57,986, and the median income for a family was $60,174. Males had a median income of $38,464 versus $24,844 for females. The per capita income for the town was $21,013. About 1.0% of families and 1.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 5.1% of those age 65 or over.
Notable people
James Bannon, politician and farmer, was born in the town; he served on the Auburn Town Board and was the town board chairman
References
Towns in Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin
Towns in Wisconsin
Abdulwahab al-Rawhani

Abdulwahab al-Rawhani
Abdulwahab M. Al-Rawhani (Arabic: عبد الوهاب الروحاني) is a Yemeni politician. He quit his position as Minister of Culture over the 2011 Yemeni uprising. He was born in 1958 in Rawhan village, Yemen Republic.
Political career
2008 – 00: Member of the Shura Council (second parliament chamber), Sana’a, Yemen.
2003 – 2007: Yemeni ambassador to Russia.
2001 – 2003: Minister of culture.
1993 – 2003: Member of the Yemeni Parliament for two consecutive terms where he was a member of the Human right committee and chairman of culture, information committee in the parliament. During this period he was one of few members who adopted the movement to ban the marriage of minors under 18 years. This issue is still debated in Yemen up to date.
Education
2007: PhD in Political science, Diplomatic Academy, Moscow, Russia
1986–1987: Diploma in management administration, Yemeni National Management Institute, Sana’a, Yemen.
1979–1985: Master's degree in Journalism, State University of the Republic of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus.
Journalism career
2014–2015: Political writer for Asharq Al-Awsat (widest spread newspaper in the middle-east, UK).
1991–1997: Founder and chief-editor of the "22nd of May" newspaper.
1990–1991: Founder and chief editor of "Al-Wahda newspaper". This is one of the state own newspapers.
1987–1990: Political editor of the main state newspaper "Al-Thawra newspaper" in Yemen.
1986–1991: News and political correspondents for some international news journals and papers namely: "Alyoum Alsabea" Paris-France, "Alkhaleej" Alsharjah -UAE.
2008 – 2012: Professor of journalism studies at the University of Sana’a (main state University), Sana’a, Yemen, where he tough the following subjects:
Awards
Presidential certificate of appreciation, awarded by the president of Yemen for his pioneering work on journalism, Sana’a, Yemen, 2010.
First class Gorchkov award, awarded by the Russian national awards committee, for his contribution on affirming relations between the republic of Yemen and Russia, Moscow, Russia, 2007.
Publications
Yemen: a special case of unity and ruling method, Madbouly books, Cairo, Egypt, 2008.
Street talks in Yemen: Selected articles from the 80's and 90's, Ministry of culture, Sana’a, Yemen, 2010.
National dialogue: Towards a Yemeni modern civil state, Ministry of culture, Sana’a, Yemen, 2012.
References
External links
Human and since -in Russian language (Человек и Наука)
Yemeni Information Center
Articles by author- Mareb Press, Yemeni site
http://www.neelwafurat.com/itempage.aspx?id=egb104895-5104618&search=books
https://web.archive.org/web/20160604161157/http://k-tab.net/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9/
اليمن خصوصية الحكم والوحدة والديمقراطية
Yemeni politicians
Living people
1958 births
Yemeni diplomats
Ambassadors of Yemen to Russia
Ambassadors of Yemen to Ukraine
Culture ministers of Yemen
برينو (توضيح)

برينو (توضيح)
قد يقصد من «برينو» :
ألبرت كلوف

ألبرت كلوف (1901 ببلاكبرن في المملكة المتحدة - 1957) هو لاعب كرة قدم بريطاني (وحمل سابقاً جنسية المملكة المتحدة لبريطانيا العظمى وأيرلندا) في مركز الدفاع. لعب مع بلاكبيرن روفرز ونادي بلاكبول و.
وصلات خارجية
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إنجليز
أظهرة كرة قدم
لاعبو بلاكبيرن روفرز
لاعبو كرة قدم إنجليز
لاعبو كرة قدم من بلاكبرن
لاعبو نادي بلاكبول
مواليد 1901
وفيات 1957
مقام سيد قاسم (دار خوين)

مقام سيد قاسم (دار خوين)
مقام سيد قاسم هي منطقة سكنية تقع في إيران في قسم دار خوين الريفي.
انظر أيضاً
قائمة مدن إيران
مراجع
أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة الفلاحية
أولاد الطالب سعيد (العطاعطة)

أولاد الطالب سعيد (العطاعطة)
أولاد الطالب سعيد هو دُوَّار يقع بجماعة سيدي إسماعيل، إقليم الجديدة، جهة الدار البيضاء سطات في المملكة المغربية. ينتمي الدوّار لمشيخة العطاعطة التي تضم 12 دوار. يقدر عدد سكانه بـ 312 نسمة حسب الإحصاء الرسمي للسكان والسكنى لسنة 2004.
مراجع
روابط خارجية
البوابة الوطنية للجماعات الترابية
المندوبية السامية للتخطيط
أماكن مأهولة في العطاعطة (سيدي إسماعيل)
إنجلش فيشر

إنجلش فيشر هو مدرب ملاكمة أمريكي، ولد في 1928، وتوفي في 1 يونيو 2011.
مراجع
مدربو ملاكمة أمريكيون
مواليد 1928
وفيات بعمر 82
وفيات 2011
درب الدموع

درب الدموع أو مسلك الدموع هي سلسلة من عمليات التهجير القسري لشعوب أمريكا الأصليين من وطنهم الأصلي في جنوب شرق الولايات المتحدة إلى المناطق الغربية (عادة غرب نهر المسيسيبي) التي اعتبرت أراضي هندية، حيث قامت السلطات الحكومية بعد إقرار قانون إزالة الهنود في عام 1830 بتهجيرهم. وعانت الشعوب التي تم تهجيرها من العراء والمرض والجوع في طريقها إلى المحمية الجديدة التي تم تعيينها لهم وتوفي العديد قبل الوصول إلى وجهتهم. عمليات الإزالة القسرية شملت أفراد قبائل وشعوب شيروكي ومسكوكي وسيمينول وتشيكاساو وتشوكتاو وبونكا. وتعود عبارة «درب الدموع» لوصف إزالة العديد من القبائل الأمريكية الأصلية بما في ذلك عملية الإزالة الشهيرة لقبيلة شيروكي في عام 1838.
ما بين عام 1830 و1850 تم إزالة شعوب تشيكاساو وتشوكتاو ومسكوكي وسيمينول وشيروكي بالقوة والإجبار (بما في ذلك الأعراق المختلطة والعبيد السود الذين عاشوا بينهم) من أراضيهم الأصلية في شرق الولايات المتحدة ونقلهم لمناطق غربية أبعد. حيث أجبروا أولئك السكان الأصليون المهجرين إلى السير إلى وجهتهم من قبل الدولة والميليشيات المحلية. وتم إزالة شعب شيروكي في عام 1838 (آخر ترحيل قسري شرق نهر الميسيسيبي) بسبب اكتشاف الذهب بالقرب من داهلونغا، جورجيا في عام 1828 مما أدى إلى ظاهرة حمى ذهب جورجيا. وهلك على طول الطريق ما يقرب من 2000–8,000 من إجمالي 16 ألف و543 فرد من الشيروكي.
الإحصاءات
المراجع
العنصرية في الولايات المتحدة
الغرب الأمريكي القديم
تاريخ الأمريكيين الأصليين في ألاباما
تاريخ الأمريكيين الأصليين في أوكلاهوما
تاريخ الأمريكيين الأصليين
تاريخ الولايات المتحدة (1789–1849)
تاريخ الولايات المتحدة العسكري
تاريخ كارولينا الشمالية
تاريخ كنتاكي
تاريخ ما قبل الدولة في أركنساس
تاريخ ما قبل الدولة في أوكلاهوما
تاريخ ميزوري
تاريخ ولاية جورجيا
ترحيل قسري في الولايات المتحدة
ترحيل قسري للسكان الأصليين في الولايات المتحدة
تشيكاساو
تطهير عرقي في الولايات المتحدة
شعب مسكوكي
قبيلة سيمينول
مسيرات إجبارية