Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp

Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp
The Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp (Dutch: Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten Antwerpen; KMSKA) is a museum in Antwerp, Belgium, founded in 1810, that houses a collection of paintings, sculptures and drawings from the fourteenth to the twentieth centuries. This collection is representative of the artistic production and the taste of art enthusiasts in Antwerp, Belgium and the Northern and Southern Netherlands since the 15th century.
The neoclassical building housing the collection is one of the primary landmarks of the Zuid district of Antwerp. The majestic building was designed by Jean-Jacques Winders (1849–1936) and Frans Van Dijk (1853–1939), built beginning in 1884, opened in 1890, and completed in 1894. Sculpture on the building includes two bronze figures of Pheme with horse-drawn chariots by sculptor Thomas Vincotte, and seven rondel medallions of artists that include Boetius à Bolswert, Frans Floris, Jan van Eyck, Peter Paul Rubens, Quentin Matsys, Erasmus Quellinus II, and Appelmans, separated by four monumental sculptures representing Architecture, Painting, Sculpture, and Graphics.
The building stands in gardens bounded by the Leopold de Waalplaats, the Schildersstraat, the Plaatsnijdersstraat, and the Beeldhouwersstraat, formerly the site of the Antwerp Citadel.
History
The museum's collection began with the artworks owned by the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke, which was active from the late 14th century to 1773. When the guild disbanded, its gallery of paintings went to the Academy of Fine Arts, which had been founded in 1663 with the involvement of David Teniers. The gallery had works by Peter Paul Rubens, Jacob Jordaens, and Cornelis de Vos. During French occupations in 1794 and 1796, art was looted from churches and other buildings in Antwerp; the pieces that were later recovered became part of the museum's collection. By 1817 the museum listed 127 items in its catalogue, mostly dating to the mid-16th and 17th centuries, with Rubens at the heart of the collection.
William I of the Netherlands helped the museum in various ways. In 1823 he donated three paintings, including an early work by Titian—Pope
Alexander IV presents Jacopo Pesaro to Saint Peter—which became the museum's first foreign piece. He decreed a grant of 20,000 guilders to build the collection's contemporary art in 1827, but the Belgian Revolution interfered. Only in 1873 did the museum begin to acquire living artists' works.
A significant bequest from a former mayor of Antwerp, Florent van Ertborn, added 141 works to the collection in 1840. Van Ertborn had collected Early Netherlandish art at a time when it was out of favour, but in the long run this addition ensured the museum's reputation. These works included Jan van Eyck's Saint Barbara and Madonna at the Fountain and Rogier van der Weyden's Portrait of Philip de Croy (half of a diptych) and the Seven Sacraments Altarpiece. Also in the bequest were paintings by Hans Memling, Dieric Bouts, Joachim Patinir, Quinten Massys, Jean Fouquet, Simone Martini, Antonello da Messina, and Lucas Cranach.
The museum closed to the public for major renovations at the end of 2011, reopening on 24 September 2022 after 11 years of work. The museum has been expanded with a new hall for modern art.
Collections
Artists exhibited in the museum include:
15th century
Jan van Eyck
Jean Fouquet
Rogier van der Weyden
Hans Memling
16th century:
Frans Floris de Vriendt
Quinten Metsijs
Joachim Patinir
Marten de Vos
Gillis Coignet
17th century:
Erasmus de Bie
Jan Brueghel the Elder
Anthony van Dyck
Frans Hals
Jacob Jordaens
Theodoor Rombouts
Peter Paul Rubens
19th century:
James Ensor
Auguste Rodin
Henry van de Velde
Fernand Khnopff
Alexandre Cabanel, Cleopatra Testing Poisons on Condemned Prisoners
20th century:
Pierre Alechinsky
René Magritte
Jacob Smits
Gustave Van de Woestijne
Rik Wouters
Collection highlights
See also
Pride and Joy: Children's Portraits in The Netherlands 1500-1700 art exhibition held by the Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp in 2001
References
External links
Virtual tour of the Royal Museum of Fine Arts provided by Google Arts & Culture
Museums in Antwerp
Art museums and galleries in Belgium
Art museums established in 1810
Cultural infrastructure completed in 1894
1810 establishments in France
Organisations based in Belgium with royal patronage
19th-century establishments in the Southern Netherlands