Ait Touzine

Ait Touzine (Berber: ⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵓⵣⵉⵏ) is one of the biggest Riffian tribes from the central Rif region in Morocco. Cities such as Midar, Tsaft, Ijermaouas and Kassita belong to this tribe. Many Ait Touzine can also be found in cities such as Imzouren, Al Hoceima and Tangier. The name Ait Touzine in its Berber original form is 'Ait Uzgn' meaning "The Children of the Half" perhaps implying a mixed ancestry.
History
13th century
In the early 13th century, the Zenata Amazigh Marinids
entered the Rif and there they defeated the Almohads in a great battle in 1216. According to Ibn Khaldun, the Marinid leader Abd al-Haqq I married a woman of the Tafersit tribe, but according to Luis del Marmol Carvajal she was of the Ait Touzine tribe. This Riffian woman became the mother of the Marinid sultan Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq. The Ait Touzine were related to the Marinid rulers of Fes and did not have to pay taxes or tribute.
14th century
The first mention of the Ait Touzine tribe is in "Al-Maqsad al-sharif wa-al-manza al-latif fi tarif bi sulaha al-rif" (The exalted resolve and the subtle object of the naming of the venerable inhabitants of the Rif) (1311) by Al-Badisi in which he claims the Ait Touzine tribe to be a fraction of the Battiwa tribe.
16th century
Leo Africanus mentions in his book "Description of North Africa" (1526) that the Ait Touzine was a fairly prosperous area, where the inhabitants worked their land in complete freedom. Furthermore, one of the king's counselors was a learned man from Ait Touzin.
20th century
The Ait Touzine tribesmen played an important role during the Rif War in the 1920s. They fought together with tribes such as Ait Ouriaghel led by the Riffian resistance fighter Abd el-Krim and tribes such as Ait Oulichek to fight against the Spanish Invaders.
The members of the Ait Touzine tribe went together to Dhar Obaran where they encountered the Riffians of the other tribes: the Ibeqoyen and the Ait Ouriaghel (these two tribes had at the time formed an alliance with the Ait Touzine). This became an important highlight in the Riffian resistance against the Spaniards, namely the battle of Dhar Obaran. Here the Spaniards were crushed in spectacular fashion. The efforts of all these men had a major influence on the emergence of the Rif Republic. After this great victory of the trio Ait Touzine-Ibeqoyen-Ait Ouriaghel, all the other tribes of the Rif region decided to support the resistance. The tribes gained confidence in the resistance. The number of volunteers kept growing. By all these volunteers from all other tribes, a Riffian unity arose. This united group of Riffians, centered on Ait Ouriaghel and Ait Touzine, once again surprisingly defeated the Spaniards in the Battle of Annual 50 days after the Battle of Dhar Obaran. This battle is better known to the Spaniards as el desastre de Annual. After the Battle of Annual, the Rif Republic was proclaimed through the efforts of all united Riffians.
Nowadays a large number of the Ait Touzine are living in Europe as a result of the migration in the 1970s. Most of them moved to the Netherlands and Belgium.
Sub tribes
The Ait Touzine tribe can be divided into five sub-tribes.
•Igharbiyen (Iferni and Midar and surroundings)
•Ait Akki (from the Nekkur valley to the Ighzar Amekrane).
•Ait Beräiez (Ijjarmaouas and Iwardijen)
•Ait Tseft (From the Ighzar Nekkur to Kassita)
•Ait Taaban (Surroundings of Tleta n Azlaf)
Geography
The territory of the Ait Touzine tribe extends from the Nekour River near Al Hoceima to Driouch and from Temsamane to the Gzenaya tribe.
Beni Touzine is also the name of a caïdat in the cercle of Rif in Driouch Province, Oriental, Morocco.
References
Berber peoples and tribes
Populated places in Driouch Province