PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
مدرسة العروب الزراعية

مدرسة العروب الزراعية الثانوية المختلطة هي مدرسة مهنية حكومية، وهي المدرسة الثانوية الزراعية الوحيدة في الضفة الغربية التي تبع لوزارة التربية والتعليم الفلسطينية، وتقابلها في قطاع غزة مدرسة بيت حانون الثانوية الزراعية المختلطة.
تاريخ
تأسست مدرسة العروب الزارعية سنة 1964- 1965 تحت إشراف ودعم من هولندا وتقع على مساحة حوالي 120 دونم حوالي 30 أكر. وهي الثانوية الزراعية الوحيدة في الضفة الغربية، ويحصّل فيها الطلبة مهارات زراعية عملية وعلمية وميدانية.
تقع المدرسة على بعد 15 كم إلى الجنوب من مدينة بيت لحم، وتقع على يمين الشارع الرئيسي (بيت لحم ـ الخليل)، ويبعد 35 كم إلى الجنوب من مدينة القدس وحوالي 17 كم من مدينة الخليل. وهي مقابلة لمخيم العروب.
تتكون المدرسة من مبنيين مكونين من عدة طوابق يضمان الغرف الصفية والإدارية، وتضم سكنا داخليا للقادمين من مناطق بعيدة ومطبخا يقدم ثلاث وجبات يومية. كما توفر المدرسة احتياجات الطلاب من مغاسل الملابس والمكتبة والملاعب والحدائق.
التخصصات المتاحة في المدرسة
قسم الإنتاج النباتي
قسم الإنتاج الحيواني
قسم الصناعات الغذائية
قسم البيئة
قسم الآلات الزراعية
قسم المشاغل
قسم البيئة
قسم المختبرات
قسم المزرعة في المدرسة
يوجد في مدرسة العروب الزراعية قسم خاص بالمزرعة للإنتاج الحيواني والنباتي، أما مزرعتها فيشرف عليها مجموعة من المهندسين الزراعيين المتخصصين في شتى التخصصات (الإنتاج النباتي، والتربة، والري)، وتزرع فيها مساحات لإنتاج الخضروات والفواكة التي تباع في مركز خاص داخل المدرسة، كما يوجد فيها أيضا قسم للإنتاج الحيواني يتآلف من مزارع أبقار ودواجن وأغنام.
مشاركات وفعاليات
تشارك المدرسة في العديد من الأبحاث والمشاريع الزراعية وهي تعمل كحقل تجارب لخبرات المهندسين والباحثين في مجال التوسع الزراعي في فلسطين والمؤتمرات. تروج المدرسة لتقنيات الزراعة بدون تربة، وشاركت في إبتكار بدائل زراعية تعتمد على القليل من المساحة والمياه في مشاريع زراعية في مخيمات اللاجئين.
المراجع
زراعة
مدارس
مدارس عربية
Avon Long

Avon Long (June 18, 1910 – February 15, 1984) was an American Broadway actor and singer.
Biography
Long was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He attended Frederick Douglass High School, where he was especially influenced by the Latin teacher and drama coach, Nellie A. Buchanan.
Long performed in a number of Broadway shows, including Porgy and Bess (as Sportin' Life in the 1942 revival), and Beggar's Holiday (1946). Long and Lena Horne co-introduced the Harold Arlen–Ted Koehler composition "As Long As I Live" in Cotton Club Parade (1934) when Horne was only 16 years old.
He reprised his role of Sportin' Life in the 1951 Columbia recording of Porgy and Bess, the most complete recording of the opera issued up to that time. He also appeared with Thelma Carpenter in the 1952 revival of Shuffle Along, which was recorded by RCA Victor.
Long received a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical in 1973, for the role of Dave in Don't Play Us Cheap. The all-black play opened at the Ethel Barrymore Theater in New York on May 16, 1972, and ran for 164 performances. Long, along with Thomas Anderson, Joshie Armstead, Robert Dunn, Jay Van Leer, Esther Rolle, Mabel King, George Ooppee McCurn, Frank Carey, Nate Barnett, and Rhetta Hughes, recreated their stage roles in the 1973 film adaptation of the musical.
Long originated the role of John in Bubbling Brown Sugar on Broadway, which opened at the August Wilson Theatre (then-ANTA Playhouse) on March 2, 1976, and closed on December 31, 1977, after 766 performances.
Long also appeared in a number of films and television shows. He played the elderly Chicken George Moore in Roots: The Next Generations miniseries, and had small roles in Trading Places (1983) – memorable as Ezra, the servant to whom Ralph Bellamy gives a miserably small Christmas bonus ("maybe I'll go to the movies – by myself"), The Sting (1973) ("Flat rate!"), and Harry and Tonto (1974). He was originally cast to play George Jefferson in "All in the Family", but was replaced based on negative feedback from Carroll O'Connor.
Long died from cancer at 73, on February 15, 1984, in New York City, and was interred in NY's Ferncliff Cemetery, in Hartsdale, New York.
Filmography
References
External links
1910 births
1984 deaths
African-American male actors
American male film actors
American male stage actors
American male television actors
Male actors from Baltimore
20th-century American male actors
Burials at Ferncliff Cemetery
20th-century African-American people
Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
Edward B. Thomas

Edward B. Thomas
Edward Beers Thomas (August 4, 1848 – March 27, 1929) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York.
Education and career
Born on August 4, 1848, in Cortland, New York, Thomas received an Artium Baccalaureus degree in 1870 from Yale University. He entered private practice in New York. He was a member of the New York State Senate from 1881 to 1885. He was elected from New York's 24th Senate District, sitting in the 105th, 106th, 107th and 108th New York State Legislatures. At the New York state election, 1885, he ran on the Republican ticket for New York Attorney General but was defeated by the incumbent Democrat Denis O'Brien.
Federal judge
Thomas was nominated by President William McKinley on February 7, 1898, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York vacated by Judge Asa Wentworth Tenney. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 15, 1898, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on December 31, 1906, due to his resignation.
Later career and death
Following his resignation from the federal bench, Thomas served as a Justice of the Supreme Court of New York for the Second Judicial District from 1907 to 1918. He died on March 27, 1929, in Brooklyn, New York.
References
Sources
1848 births
1929 deaths
19th-century American judges
19th-century American lawyers
20th-century American judges
People from Cortland, New York
Lawyers from Brooklyn
Yale University alumni
New York (state) state senators
Judges of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York
United States federal judges appointed by William McKinley
New York Supreme Court Justices
Cenchrus ciliaris

Cenchrus ciliaris (buffel-grass or African foxtail grass; syn. Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link) is a species of grass native to most of Africa, southern Asia (east to India), southern Iran, and the extreme south of Europe (Sicily). Other names by which this grass is known include dhaman grass, anjan grass, koluk katai and buffelgrass.
Description
African foxtail grass is a perennial grass growing to tall. The leaves are linear, long and wide. The flowers are produced in a panicle long and wide.
Distribution
African foxtail grass is native to tropical Africa, the Mediterranean region and the hotter and drier parts of Asia. It is a deep-rooted grass, tolerates drought, and will grow at altitudes of up to . It is considered a good forage grass in Africa. It prefers light soils with a high phosphorus content. It is also sown in Queensland, Australia and elsewhere for grazing, hay and silage. It was introduced to the Sonoran Desert for erosion control and to feed livestock. In the Mexican part of the Sonoran Desert, it is still being planted and irrigated for livestock grazing. Cenchrus ciliaris has become naturalised and often an invasive species in Australia, the southwestern United States, Hawaii, Mexico, Central America, South America, and Macaronesia.
As an invasive species
It was introduced in the 1930s into Arizona, United States, to provide grazing. The introduction was largely unsuccessful but the grass began to appear as a weed beside highways and in cleared fields or over-grazed land. It spreads very quickly and will often kill local native plants, such as palo verdes, by taking away nearby water. This plant has a very low ignition threshold and can burn even during the peak growing season. Its flammability (injurious to neighbors) and quick regrowth allow it to compete successfully against almost all vegetation in the Sonoran Desert region.
Another problem of buffelgrass in the Sonoran Desert is that it intensifies wildfires such that saguaro cacti that normally survive wildfires can erupt into flames when growing in areas taken over by the grass.
In Queensland, Australia, the grass has also been attributed to causing a decline in the native grass species fed on by the critically endangered northern hairy-nosed wombat, and cited as a factor in the wombats' decline. In South Australia, it is a declared plant under the Natural Resources Management Act and weed management activities are guided by the South Australia Buffel Grass Strategic Plan (2012–17).
In Australia's Northern Territory, invasive buffel grass was implicated in making fire control more challenging following the extensive wild fires that destroyed ancient trees in oases such as Standley Chasm in February 2019.
References
External links
ciliaris
Grasses of Africa
Flora of North Africa
Flora of Western Asia
Flora of Iran
Flora of Morocco
Grasses of India
Grasses of Pakistan
Flora of Sicily
Forages
جزين (مقاطعة بجستان)

جزين (مقاطعة بجستان)
جزین (مقاطعة بجستان) هي قرية تقع في إيران في قسم جزين الريفي. يقدر عدد سكانها بـ 2,033 نسمة .
انظر أيضا
قائمة مدن إيران
مراجع
أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة بجستان
Frederick Sheffield

Frederick Sheffield (February 26, 1902 – May 8, 1971) was an American rower, born in New York City, who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics. In 1924, he was part of the American boat, which won the gold medal in the eights.
References
External links
1902 births
1971 deaths
Rowers from New York City
American male rowers
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in rowing
Rowers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Yale Law School alumni
كارلوس دي جيورجي

كارلوس دي جيورجي (23 أبريل 1984 في الأرجنتين - ) هو لاعب كرة قدم بوليفيا وأرجنتيني في مركز حراسة المرمى. لعب مع أتليتيكو رافائيلا.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
حراس مرمى كرة قدم رجالية
رياضيون من قرطبة (الأرجنتين)
لاعبو أتليتيكو رافائيلا
لاعبو الدوري الأرجنتيني برايم بي
لاعبو تاليريس دو بيريكو
لاعبو خميناسيا خوخوي
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الأرجنتيني
لاعبو سنترال نورت
لاعبو فيرو كاريل أويستي
لاعبو كرة قدم أرجنتينيون
لاعبو نادي بيلجرانو
مواليد 1984
Foremost, Alberta

Foremost, Alberta
Foremost is a village in Alberta, Canada. It is located southwest of Medicine Hat, along the Red Coat Trail, in the County of Forty Mile No. 8.
Foremost has a strong agriculture industry. Recreation facilities include an ice arena, swimming pool, curling rink, ice fishing, and ball diamonds. Every June the residents hold a parade, rodeo and tough truck competition. Hockey is a big sport in Foremost. The local team is called the Foremost Flyers. They have multiple provincial and regional titles. The school has a long history of winning sports teams. The Foremost Falcons and Forettes have won many provincial titles in basketball, volleyball, track and field and cross country running. The village also has a strong arts community presenting community theatre as well as a school dramatic department.
Geography
Climate
Foremost experiences a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk).
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Village of Foremost had a population of 630 living in 212 of its 222 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 541. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Village of Foremost recorded a population of 541 living in 229 of its 257 total private dwellings, a change from its 2011 population of 526. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016.
Economy
Foremost Centre for Unmanned Systems
Foremost hosts the Foremost UAS (Unmanned Aircraft Systems) Test Range at the Foremost Aerodrome. Established by the Canadian Centre for Unmanned Vehicle Systems (CCUVS) in 2008, the Foremost Centre supports training for pilots in Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) flights - the only one in Canada. The location was selected for reasons including number of sunny days, low population density, flat prairie terrain, low number of dwellings and minimal man-made obstructions. The site's range stretches across the County of 40 Mile, encompassing almost 700 square nautical miles and reaches up to 18,000 feet above sea level.
The site received Transport Canada's approval as Canada's "first permanent restricted airspace for Unmanned Air Systems (UAS, drone)" in November, 2016. Drone Delivery Canada began testing at the site in 2017 with the goal of commercially rolling out drone delivery in 2018.
The community, noted former mayor Ken Kultgen, expects the Centre "will be used by national and international businesses, universities and manufacturing companies."
See also
List of communities in Alberta
List of villages in Alberta
Foremost Formation
Foremost Airport
References
External links
1950 establishments in Alberta
County of Forty Mile No. 8
Villages in Alberta
Garlic press

Garlic press
A garlic press, also known as a garlic crusher, is a kitchen utensil to crush garlic cloves efficiently by forcing them through a grid of small holes, usually with some type of piston. Many garlic presses also have a device with a matching grid of blunt pins to clean out the holes.
The inventor of the garlic press is generally held to be Karl Zysset (1907–1988) founder of the Swiss kitchen utensil company Zyliss.
Garlic presses present a convenient alternative to mincing garlic with a knife, especially because a clove of garlic can be passed through a sturdy press without even removing its peel. The peel remains in the press while the garlic is extruded out. Some sources also claim that pressing with the peel on makes cleaning the press easier.
Garlic crushed by a press is generally believed to have a different flavor from minced garlic, more of garlic's strong flavor compounds are liberated. A few sources prefer the flavor of pressed garlic. Raw-foods chef Renée Underkoffler says "a good garlic press makes dealing with garlic a clean pleasure. Pressed garlic has a lighter, more delicate flavor than minced garlic because it excludes the bitter center stem." The magazine Cook's Illustrated says "a good garlic press can break down cloves more finely and evenly than an average cook using a knife, which means better distribution of garlic flavor throughout any given dish."
On the other hand, some chefs say garlic crushed in a press has an inferior flavor compared to other forms of garlic. For instance, chef Anthony Bourdain called garlic presses "abominations" and advised "don't put it through a press. I don't know what that junk is that squeezes out of the end of those things, but it ain't garlic." The cookery writer Elizabeth David wrote an essay titled "Garlic Presses are Utterly Useless". Alton Brown (known for his dislike of single-purpose kitchen tools) has referred to garlic presses as "useless" and without a reason to exist.
Cook's Illustrated lists some additional uses for a garlic press, such as mashing other small items (including olives, capers, anchovies, ginger and canned chipotles) or pressing out small quantities of onion or shallot juice.
Variations
Garlic mincers can be used to obtain fine grains of garlic too.
a small container for the garlic cloves, sliding on top of a grater.
a glass-sized recipient featuring a grate on top of it. The lid will push the garlic cloves through the grate, cutting the garlic into slices or into small pieces, depending on the type of the grate used.
Garlic Twister, a device made of a very short cylinder, tall enough just to fit a few garlic cloves, made of two detachable parts - the top and the bottom. The two parts can rotate, cutting the garlic.
See also
Garlic peeler
Potato ricer
Collection
The largest collection of unique Garlic presses is thought to be owned by Tord Elfwendahl, Stockholm, who has since 1979 collected an excess of 1200 unique Garlic presses.
Notes
Food preparation utensils
Garlic
Swiss inventions
Dactylitis

Dactylitis or sausage digit is inflammation of an entire digit (a finger or toe), and can be painful.
The word dactyl comes from the Greek word "daktylos" meaning "finger". In its medical term, it refers to both the fingers and the toes.
Associated conditions
Dactylitis can occur in seronegative arthropathies, such as psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis, and in sickle-cell disease as result of a vasoocclusive crisis with bone infarcts, and in infectious conditions including tuberculosis, syphilis, and leprosy. In reactive arthritis, sausage fingers occur due to synovitis. Dactylitis may also be seen with sarcoidosis.
In sickle-cell disease it is manifested for the first time between 6–9 month old infants (as their protective fetal hemoglobin, HbF, is replaced with adult hemoglobin and the disease manifests) and is very often the presenting sign of the disorder.
References
Inflammations
Rheumatology
Orthopedic problems
عزلة رجام (صنعاء)

عزلة رجام (صنعاء)
عزلة رجام هي إحدى عزل مديرية بني حشيش في محافظة صنعاء اليمنية ويبلغ تعداد سكانها 13146 نسمة حسب التعداد السكاني في اليمن لعام 2004.
القرى
روابط خارجية
الجهاز المركزي للإحصاء بالجمهورية اليمنية
المركز الوطني للمعلومات باليمن
World Gazetteer:Yemen
الدليل الشامل
مراجع
عزل مديرية بني حشيش
محمد أبو العلا

محمد أبو العلا
محمد أبوالعلا لاعب كرة قدم مصري ،ولد في 16 يناير 1980 يلعب في الوقت الحالى لنادى انبي. يلعب في مركز وسط مدافع. ويحمل رقم القميص 11. كان أول ظهور له في كأس العالم للناشئين 1997 بمصر مع منتخب مصر الوطني حيث كان ضمن الفريق الذي ضم أيضا أحمد بلال لاعب النادي الأهلي المصري حاليا حيث لفت إليه الأنظار بشدة وانطلق بعدها يبدع مع الفريق الأول في الزمالك، وهو من ناشئي نادي الزمالك حيث تم تصعيده للفريق الأول حتى أصبح الآن هو قائد الفريق ساهم في حصول الزمالك على كثير من البطولات ويشتهر بتميزه الشديد في الديربي ضد فريق الأهلي المصري، ويشتهر أبوالعلا بالتمريرات البينية المتقنة إلى جانب تميزه في مركز الوسط المدافع.
و رغم اختلاف أراء مشجعي الزمالك فيما يخص مستواه، إلا انهم اتفقوا على أنه لاعب مخلص للزمالك، وساهم في إنجازات كثيرة تحققت، وهو أحد أفراد الجيل الذهبي للزمالك والذي حقق ما يزيد عن 10 بطولات في أربع سنوات هذا إلى جانب الانتصارات المتتالية على الأهلي والإسماعيلي.
مسيرته الكروية
لعب محمد أبو العلا خلال مسيرته الاحترافية مع 4 أندية في سبعة عشر موسمًا وسجل خلالها 15 هدفًا ضمن 231 مباراة. حيث فاز في أربعة مواسم بالكأس وفي ثلاثة مواسم بالدوري.
خاض محمد أبو العلا مسيرته مع نادي الزمالك في موسم 1997–98 ليلعب معه اثنا عشر موسمًا، مشاركًا في 153 مباراة سجل خلالها 9 أهداف. ثم انتقل إلى نادي الإنتاج الحربي في موسم 2009–10 في المرة الأولى لمدة موسم واحد ثم في موسم 2013–14 لمدة موسم واحد، حيث شارك طوالها في 33 مباراة سجل خلالها 3 أهداف. لينتقل بعدها إلى نادي إنبي في موسم 2010–11 ولمدة موسمين، مشاركًا في 34 مباراة سجل خلالها 3 أهداف أيضًا. ثم انتقل إلى نادي وادي دجلة في موسم 2012–13 لمدة موسم واحد، مشاركًا في 11 مباراة ولم يسجل أي هدف.
البطولات
نادى الزمالك
بطولة الدوري المصري 3 مرات 2000-2001 / 2002-2003 / 2003-2004
بطولة كأس مصر مرتين 2002 و 2008
دوري أبطال أفريقيا 2002
كأس الكؤوس الأفريقية 2000
كأس السوبر المصري 2001
كأس السوبر الأفريقي 2003
البطولة العربية 2003
نادى إنبي
1 كأس مصر 2010/11
روابط خارجية
مراجع
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مصريون
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون من الجيزة
لاعبو الدوري المصري الممتاز
لاعبو كأس الأمم الإفريقية 2002
لاعبو كرة قدم مصريون
لاعبو منتخب مصر لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي الإنتاج الحربي
لاعبو نادي الزمالك
لاعبو نادي إنبي
لاعبو نادي وادي دجلة
مواليد 1400 هـ
مواليد 1980
مواليد في الجيزة (مدينة)
تشابنيريا

تشابنيريا هي بلدية ومدينة في منطقة الحكم الذاتي وتقع في منطقة مدريد في وسط إسبانيا. تبلغ مساحة هذه المدينة (كم²)، ويبلغ عدد سكانها نسمة حسب إحصاء سنة 2008 م.
مراجع
أماكن مأهولة في منطقة مدريد
بلديات منطقة مدريد
Mary Louise Wilson

Mary Louise Wilson (born November 12, 1931) is an American actress, singer, and comedian.
In a career that has spanned more than 50 years, she has appeared in a number of plays, films and television shows. Wilson's most notable work includes a Tony Award-winning role on Broadway in Grey Gardens. She is also known for her appearances on One Day at a Time.
Early life
Wilson was born in New Haven, Connecticut, but raised in New Orleans, Louisiana. She was married to fellow actor Alfred “Chibbie” Cibelli for three years.
Work
Stage
Broadway
Hot Spot (1963) as Sue Ann (Broadway debut)
Flora, The Red Menace (1965) as Comrade Ada
Lovers and Other Strangers (1968) as Bernice
Noël Coward's Sweet Potato (1968) (replacement)
Promises, Promises (1968) as Marge MacDougall
Watercolor & Criss-Crossing (1970)
The Women (1973) as Nancy Blake
Gypsy: A Musical Fable (1974) as Tessie Tura
The Royal Family (1975) as Kitty Dean
The Importance of Being Earnest (1977) as Miss Prism
The Philadelphia Story (1980) as Elizabeth Imbrie
Fools (1981) as Lenya Zubritsky
Alice in Wonderland (1982) as the Red Queen
The Odd Couple (1985) as Mickey
Cabaret (1998) as Fräulein Schneider
The Women (2001) as Mrs. Morehead
Grey Gardens (2006) as Edith Bouvier Beale (Tony Award)
On the Twentieth Century (2015) as Letita Peabody Primrose
Off-Broadway
Bonds of Interest (1958)
The Threepenny Opera (1959) (replacement)
Dime a Dozen (1962)
A Great Career (1968)
Whispers on the Wind (1970)
Sister Mary Ignatius Explains It All for You and The Actor's Nightmare (1982) (replacement)
Baby with the Bathwater (1983)
Macbeth (1989)
Flaubert's Latest (1992)
Full Gallop (1995) (co-author, winner of the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding One-Person Show)
Bosoms and Neglect (1998)
The Beard of Avon (2004)
Grey Gardens (2006)
4000 Miles (2011)
Other
Gypsy (1974)
Anyone Can Whistle (1980)
Social Security (1987)
False Admissions (1994)
The Milk Train Doesn't Stop Here Anymore (1996)
Morning's at Seven (2002)
The Rivals (2005)
The Guardsman (2010)
Filmography
Television
The Royal Family (1977) as Kitty Dean
One Day at a Time (1976-1977) as Ginny Wroblicki
Maude (1978) as Congresswoman Irene McIlhenny
Lou Grant (1982)
A Mistaken Charity (1986) as Mrs. Simmonds
Tales from the Darkside (1986)
The Thorns (1988)
Blind Spot (1993) as Mrs. Deitz
Remember WENN (1996)
Cosby (1999)
Frasier (2000) as Helen
The Sopranos (2000) as Catherine Romano
A Season for Miracles (1999) as Corinna
The Women (2002) as Mrs. Morehead
Louie (2010) as Louie's mother
Nurse Jackie (2012) as Doris
Mozart in the Jungle (2014-2018) as Bunny
Orange is the New Black (2016) as Millie
Modern Family (2018) as Becky Pritchett
Awards and nominations
References
External links
Grey Gardens, "Working in the Theatre" video from the American Theatre Wing (November 2006)
1931 births
Living people
American film actresses
American musical theatre actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
Actresses from New Orleans
Tony Award winners
Actresses from New Haven, Connecticut
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Drama Desk Award winners
William Barron (politician)

William Barron (politician)
William Barron (1837 – 16 June 1916) was a 19th-century Member of Parliament from Dunedin, New Zealand.
Born in St Andrews, Scotland in 1837, Barron arrived in New Zealand in 1851. He first spent time as a miner and merchant on the Otago goldfields before engaging in business in Dunedin. He served as Grand Master of the New Zealand Lodge of Freemasons.
He represented the Caversham electorate from 1879 to 1890, when he retired.
References
1837 births
1916 deaths
People from St Andrews
Scottish emigrants to New Zealand
New Zealand businesspeople
New Zealand MPs for Dunedin electorates
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
Independent MPs of New Zealand
New Zealand Freemasons
Burials at Dunedin Northern Cemetery
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1890 New Zealand general election
19th-century New Zealand politicians