Shimonoseki

Shimonoseki
is a city located in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 248,193 in 128762 households and a population density of 350 persons per km². The total area of the city is . It is the largest city in Yamaguchi Prefecture and the fifth-largest city in the Chūgoku region in terms of population. It is nicknamed the "Fugu Capital" for the locally caught pufferfish, and is the largest harvester of the pufferfish in Japan.
Geography
Shimonoseki is located at the westernmost point of Yamaguchi Prefecture and the westernmost point of Honshu. It borders the Sea of Japan to the west and the Seto Inland Sea to the south across the Kanmon Straits. It is long in the north-south direction and has a fan shape that opens to the Seto Inland Sea. The Asa River flows from the north to the central area, and the Ariho River flows from the northeast to the east, flowing south into the Seto Inland Sea. The city hall is located on the west bank of the Ariho River mouth.
Neighbouring municipalities
Yamaguchi Prefecture
Nagato
San'yō-Onoda
Mine
Climate
Shimonoseki has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with hot summers and cool winters. Precipitation is significant throughout the year, but is heavier in summer.
Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Shimonoseki in 2020 is 255,051 people. Shimonoseki has been conducting censuses since 1920.
History
Shimonoseki is part of ancient Nagato Province. It has prospered since ancient times as the gateway to Honshu from the Asian continent, including Kyushu, China, and the Korean peninsula. According to the Nihon Shoki, the semi-legendary Emperor Chuai constructed a palace at the location of what is now the Shimonoseki city hall during the Kofun period. The name of Shimonoseki" appears in Heian period documents from 869 AD as the location of a checkpoint controlling maritime access to the Seto Inland Sea; however, by the Kamakura period, the name of "Akamanoseki" was in more common use. During the Genpei War, the Heike and Genji fought at the Battle of Dan-no-ura near the present Kanmon Bridge. During the Muromachi period, the powerful Ōuchi clan was shugo of both Nagato and Buzen Province in Kyushu and thus controlled trade and diplomatic missions from Ming China and Korea. In the Edo period, the area was part of Chōfu Domain controlled by the Mōri clan. In February 1691, German explorer Engelbert Kaempfer visited the town as part of his two-year stay in Japan, and described it as having around 400 to 500 houses, and as a major port in the region for supplying ship provisions. During the Bakumatsu period, the Bombardment of Shimonoseki occurred in 1864, and in the early Meiji period, the Treaty of Shimonoseki was signed in 1895, seeing a defeated China hand over Taiwan, Penghu, and Port Arthur to the victorious Japanese at the end of the First Sino-Japanese War. An Imperial decree in July 1899 established Shimonoseki as an open port for trading with the United States and the United Kingdom.
Akamagaseki city was established on April 1, 1889 with the creation of the modern municipalities system. The city was renamed Shimonoseki on June 1, 1902.
On February 13, 2005, Shimonoseki absorbed the towns of Hōhoku, Kikugawa, Toyota and Toyoura (all from Toyoura District) to create the new and expanded city of Shimonseki. Since October 1, 2005, the city has been designated as a core city by the Japanese government with icreased local autonomy.
Government
Shimonoseki has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 34 members. Shimonoseki contributes ten members to the Yamaguchi Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of the Yamaguchi 4th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.
Economy
Having prospered as a port city, Shimonoseki has long had a thriving industry related to shipping, trade, and finance. It is still the center of the prefecture in terms of economy.
Education
Universities and colleges
National Fisheries University
Shimonoseki City University
University of East Asia
Baiko Gakuin University
Baiko Gakuin University Women's Junior College
Shimonoseki Junior College
Primary and secondary schools
Shimonoseki has 41 public elementary school and 21 public junior high schools and one public high school operated by the city government. The city has nine public high schools operated by the Yamaguchi Prefectural Board of Education. There are also one private junior high school and five private high schools. The prefecture also operates four special education schools for the handicapped.
The city has a North Korean school, . It formerly housed two other North Korean schools, Yamaguchi Korean High School and .
Transportation
Railway
JR West – San'yō Shinkansen
JR West (JR West) - San'yō Main Line
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JR West (JR West) - San'in Main Line
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Highways
Chugoku Expressway
Ferries from Shimonoseki Port International Terminal
The Kanpu ferry to Busan, South Korea regularly.
The Gwangyang Beech to Gwangyang, South Korea regularly.
The Orient ferry to Shanghai, China regularly.
The Orient ferry to Qingdao, China was suspended in November 2015.
Twin towns – sister cities
Shimonoseki is twinned with:
Santos, Brazil (1971)
Istanbul, Turkey (1972)
Busan, South Korea (1976)
Qingdao, China (1979)
Pittsburg (California), United States (1998)
Local attractions
Festivals
Shimonoseki is home to many festivals that are held throughout the year. Of these, the most famous are the Shimonoseki Kaikyo Festival and Shimonoseki Bakan Festival.
Shimonoseki Fugu (Blowfish) Festival (February) : Haedomari Market
Kawatana Onsen Festival (April)
Shimonoseki Kaikyo Festival (May) : Karato, Ganryujima Island
Suhouteisai Festival (August) : Castle town Chofu
Kanmon Kaikyo Fireworks Festival (August) : Karato(Aruka Port area)
Shimonoseki Bakan Festival (August) : Along the street from Karato-cho to Shimonoseki Station
TOUR de Shimonoseki (October/November)
Shimonoseki Kaikyo Marathon (November)
Shimonoseki Fish Festival (November) : Shimonoseki Fishing Port
Little Busan Fest (November) : Green Mall
Architecture
Kōzan-ji - The butsuden completed in 1320 is a National Treasure of Japan.
Akama Shrine
Kaikyō Yume Tower
Museums
Shimonoseki City Art Museum
Shimonoseki City Museum of History
Shimonoseki City Archaeological Museum
Shimonoseki Marine Science Museum (Shimonoseki City Aquarium) (Kaikyo Kan)
Doigahama Site Anthropological Museum
The Firefly Museum of Toyota Town
The of the Yamaguchi Bank
Parks and monuments
The in Shimonoseki commemorates the final stage of the Genpei war between the feudal Taira clan and Minamoto clan (1180–1185). There is a historical monument with cannons.
Sports
Professional Teams
FC Baleine Shimonoseki (Football)
Sporting venues
Shimonoseki Baseball Stadium
Shimonoseki Boat Race Stadium (Shimonoseki Kyōtei)
Shimonoseki City Gymnasium
Shimonoseki Track and field stadium
Shimonoseki city swimming pool
Nogihama General Park (Football stadium)
Crime and safety
The Goda-ikka yakuza syndicate is headquartered in Shimonoseki. A designated yakuza group, the Goda-ikka is the largest yakuza syndicate in Yamaguchi Prefecture.
Notable people from Shimonoseki
Kinuyo Tanaka, actress
Yūsaku Matsuda
Atsushi Tamura (Comedian, actor and singer)
Arata Izumi (Indian footballer)
Toshihiro Nagoshi (video game director, game designer and producer)
References
External links
Shimonoseki City official website
Shimonoseki City official website in other languages
City Tourism Promotion Film Shimonoseki City Official Channel
Cities in Yamaguchi Prefecture
Port settlements in Japan
Populated coastal places in Japan