PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
Sarah Aldrich

Sarah Aldrich (born February 10, 1970) is an American actress.
Early life and education
Aldrich was born in Los Angeles, Sarah spent her childhood in Northern California. She first discovered her love for the theater in college, prompting her to attend the American Conservatory Theater training program and ultimately to earn a degree in theater at UCLA.
Career
Aldrich got her start in television on guest role on Silk Stalkings in 1996. She is also familiar to daytime audiences for her roles as Jill Stevens on Days of Our Lives from 1996 to 1997 and as Victoria Newman, replacing Heather Tom, on The Young and the Restless in 1997 before Tom's return.
In June 1998, Aldrich joined the cast of General Hospital's spinoff Port Charles as Courtney Kanelos, the ex-girlfriend of Joe Scanlon.
She has also had guest-starring roles on Beverly Hills, 90210, Criminal Minds, Without a Trace, Total Security, and The Jenny McCarthy Show. She also appeared in an episode of the Fox original series Bones, as well as an episode of the TV series Charmed.
References
External links
1970 births
Living people
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from California
American Conservatory Theater alumni
American soap opera actresses
People from Mission Viejo, California
UCLA Film School alumni
بهاء الدين السبكي

بهاء الدين السبكي (719-773هـ، 1319- 1372م). أحمد بن علي بن عبد الكافي بن تمام السبكي. يلقب ببهاء الدين ويكنى بأبي حامد. أخذ العلم عن أبيه شيخ الإسلام تقي الدين أبي الحسن وعن الأصفهاني، وابن القماح، وأبي حيان. تولى التدريس بالمنصورية، والجامع الطولوني، مكان أبيه حين تولى قضاء الشام، وتولى تدريس مذهب الشافعي بالمشهد الشافعي، وبجامع الحاكم. وتولى القضاء أيضًا بالشام عوضا عن أخيه ثم عهد إليه بقضاء مدينة العسكر والإفتاء بدار العدل، والخطابة بالجامع الطولوني. كان غالب أهل مصر يحبونه لما عرف عنه من سعة علم وإحسان وكثرة عطاء للمحتاجين. كان كثير الحج والمجاورة لبيت الله. توفي بمكة المكرمة. من مؤلفاته عروس الأفراح شرح تلخيص المفتاح وهو كتاب في البلاغة بعلومها الثلاثة.
انظر أيضاً
تقي الدين السبكي
تاج الدين السبكي
مراجع
أشاعرة
أشخاص من القاهرة
شعراء مصريون في القرن 14
علماء حديث من مصر
علماء مسلمون في القرن 8 هـ
فقهاء الشافعية
مواليد 1319
مواليد 719 هـ
وفيات 1372
وفيات 773 هـ
Arnold Johannessen

Arnold Johannessen (15 December 1937 – 27 January 2007) was a Norwegian footballer. He played in three matches for the Norway national football team 1959.
References
External links
1937 births
2007 deaths
Norwegian men's footballers
Norway men's international footballers
Place of birth missing
Men's association football players not categorized by position
جون ستانلي

جون ستانلي (6 يوليو 1943 - ) هو لاعب كرة طائرة الولايات المتحدة. شارك في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1968.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
فائزون بميداليات ذهبية في دورة الألعاب الأمريكية من الولايات المتحدة
فائزون بميداليات في دورة الألعاب الأمريكية 1967
فائزون بميداليات في دورة الألعاب الأمريكية في كرة الطائرة
لاعبو كرة طائرة أولمبيون من الولايات المتحدة
لاعبو كرة طائرة رجالية أمريكيون
لاعبو كرة طائرة في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1968
لاعبو كرة طائرة في دورة الألعاب الأمريكية 1967
مواليد 1943
سيليكو

سيليكو، ، (سردينيا: Silìcua)، هي بلدية في مقاطعة جنوب سردينيا، في جزيرة سردينيا، وتقع على بعد حوالي 25 كيلومترا (16 ميل) شمال غرب كالياري. في 31 ديسمبر 2004، بلغ عدد سكانها 4077 نسمة ومساحة 190.4 كيلومتر مربع (73.5 ميل مربع).
السكان
في سنة 1861 بلغ عدد السكان نسمة، وتطور العدد ليصل في سنة 2011 لـ نسمة.
مراجع
نظال الدلهومي

نظال الدلهومي (مواليد 29 مايو 1996) هو لاعب كرة قدم تونسي .
مراجع
روابط خارجية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون تونسيون مغتربون في السعودية
لاعبو الرابطة التونسية المحترفة الأولى
لاعبو المستقبل الرياضي بالقصرين
لاعبو المستقبل الرياضي بسليمان
لاعبو الملعب القابسي
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الثانية السعودي
لاعبو كرة قدم تونسيون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون تونسيون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في السعودية
لاعبو نادي الروضة
جزيرة ماكولي

جزيرة ماكولي هي جزيرة بركانية في نيوزيلندا في جزر كرماديك، في منتصف الطريق تقريبًا بين الجزيرة الشمالية لنيوزيلندا وتونغا في جنوب غرب المحيط الهادئ. إحداثياتها هي 30°14′S 178°26′W.
مراجع
أوقيانوسيا في الدهر الرباعي
براكين الهولوسين
براكين VEI-7
ترميم جزر
جزر بركانية
جزر غير مأهولة في نيوزيلندا
كالديرات تحت الماء
كالديرات نيوزيلندا
Curacautín

Curacautín, which means "Gathering Stone" in Mapudungun, is a commune and city in the Chilean province of Malleco. Curacautín is located 90 kilometres northeast of Temuco, in a valley near the volcanoes Tolhuaca, Lonquimay and Llaima, all of which can be seen from the city. Historically, it served as a highway of sorts for the Pehuenches that lived on either side of the Andes mountain range.
Volcanic origin
This area is known for its natural environment, and the Conguillío and Tolhuaca National Parks, and Malleco and Malalcahuello-Nalcas National Reserves are close by.
History
The fort at Curacautín was founded on March 12, 1882 by Gregorio Urrutia.
Between 1913 and 1915, two important structures (the railroad and the Greater City Hall) were built. In 1938, Mosso plywood factory began production, being the first in Chile to export plywood. This, coupled with the railroad, allowed products to be shipped all over Chile as well as internationally. This factory was one of the main employers of the commune, having a big impact in every aspect of the city. In 2000, FOCURA (formerly Mosso) its declares in bankruptcy, ending an era in Curacautín.
Wood from the forests of the Curacautín Valley was the first product jointly labelled as meeting Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and Fairtrade International (FLO) standards, manufactured commercially by Swedish firm Kährs from 2011.
Demographics
According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Curacautín spans an area of and has 16,970 inhabitants (8,310 men and 8,660 women). Of these, 12,412 (73.1%) lived in urban areas and 4,558 (26.9%) in rural areas. Between the 1992 and 2002 censuses, the population fell by 6.4% (1,165 persons).
Administration
As a commune, Curacautín is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008-2012 alcalde is Jorge Saquel Albarran (Ind.).
Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Curacautín is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Enrique Estay (UDI) and Fuad Chahín (PDC) as part of the 49th electoral district, together with Victoria, Lonquimay, Melipeuco, Vilcún, Lautaro, Perquenco and Galvarino. The commune is represented in the Senate by Alberto Espina Otero (RN) and Jaime Quintana Leal (PPD) as part of the 14th senatorial constituency (Araucanía-North).
References
External links
Municipality of Curacautín
19th-century fortifications in Chile
Communes of Chile
Populated places established in 1882
Populated places in Malleco Province
1882 establishments in Chile
Issers

Issers
Isser, formerly spelled Issers is a town and commune in Boumerdès Province, Algeria. According to the 1998 census it has a population of 27,990. As of the latest census it has 32,580 residents.
Isser is located on the south bank of the Isser River and near the centre of the Isser coastal plain, which stretches from Thenia to Naciria.
History
French conquest
First Battle of the Issers (1837)
Algerian Revolution
Salafist terrorism
2008 Issers bombing (19 August 2008)
Transport
The road RN 12 runs through Isser, linking it with Si-Mustapha to the west and Bordj Menaïel to the east. The smaller RN 68 links it to Djinet in the north and Chabet el Ameur in the south.
Zawiya
Zawiya Thaalibia
Notable people
Sidi Abder Rahman El Thaelebi, Algerian Islamic scholar
Messaoud Aït Abderrahmane, Algerian footballer
Raïs Hamidou, Algerian privateer
References
Communes of Boumerdès Province
نيكا متريفيلي

نيكا متريفيلي مواليد 14 يناير 1991 في تبليسي، جورجيا، هو لاعب كرة سلة جورجي. بدأ مسيرته الاحترافية في سنة 2007. يلعب مع سكافاتي باسكت في الدوري الإيطالي لكرة السلة الدرجة الثانية كلاعب وسط. يبلغ طوله . لعب مع منز سانا 1871 باسكت وروزيتو شاركز.
روابط خارجية
مراجع
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون من تبليسي
لاعبو أورلاندينا باسكيت
لاعبو باسكت نابولي
لاعبو دينامو باسكت ساساري
لاعبو روزيتو شاركز
لاعبو سكافاتي باسكت
لاعبو كرة سلة رجالية من جورجيا
لاعبو ليغا باسكيت الدرجة الأولى موسم
لاعبو منز سانا 1871 باسكت
لاعبو هجوم أمامي (كرة السلة)
لاعبو وسط كرة سلة
لاعبو يوفي كازيرتا باسكت
مواليد 1991
مواليد في تبليسي
لاعبو كرة سلة من تبليسي
منتخب الصين تحت 17 سنة لكرة السلة

منتخب الصين تحت 17 سنة لكرة السلة هو ممثل الصين الرسمي في المنافسات الدولية في كرة السلة تحت 17 سنة.
تشكيلة المنتخب
قائمة اللاعبين
مراجع
منتخب الصين الوطني لكرة السلة للرجال
منتخبات كرة سلة وطنية تحت 17 سنة
منتخبات كرة سلة وطنية تحت 17 سنة رجالية
ترتة التلال

ترتة التلال
تُرتة التلال أو تُرتة الثلاث تلال هي كعكة تقليدية من صنت مَرينو مصنوعة من طبقات من بَسكوت الوفل الرقيقة والمثبتة معًا بالشكلاطة أو قشدة البندق. المنتج النهائي مغطى بفُندان الشكلاط. تشبه الحلويات الأخرى ذات الطبقات الشائعة في صنت مرينو وهذا يمثل ثلاثة أبراج في سان مارينو .
المراجع
أطباق وطنية
حلويات الشوكولاتة
كعكات
Catemu

Catemu is a city and commune in the San Felipe de Aconcagua Province of central Chile's Valparaíso Region.
Geography
Catemu spans an area of .
Demographics
According to data from the 2002 Census of Population and Housing, the Catemu commune had 12,112 inhabitants; of these, 6,706 (55.4%) lived in urban areas and 5,406 (44.6%) in rural areas. At that time, there were 6,172 men and 5,940 women. The population grew by 7.2% (817 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.
Administration
As a commune, Catemu is a third-level administrative division of Chile, administered by a communal council (consejo comunal), which is headed by a directly elected alcalde. The current alcalde is Boris Luksic Nieto. The communal council has the following members:
María Salas Herrera
Pablo Pacheco Delgado
Aurora Medina Carvajal
Luís René Carvajal Leiva
Claudio Núñez Cataldo
María Sánchez Contreas
Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Catemu is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Marco Antonio Núñez (PDC) and Gaspar Rivas (RN) as part of the 11th electoral district, together with Los Andes, San Esteban, Calle Larga, Rinconada, San Felipe, Putaendo, Santa María, Panquehue and Llaillay. The commune is represented in the Senate by Ignacio Walker Prieto (PDC) and Lily Pérez San Martín (RN) as part of the 5th senatorial constituency (Valparaíso-Cordillera).
Notable people
Olga Lehmann (1912–2001), visual artist born in Catemu
Monica Pidgeon (1913–2009), interior designer born in Catemu
References
External links
Municipality of Catemu
Populated places in San Felipe de Aconcagua Province
Communes of Chile
Paul Galloway

Paul Galloway (1934 – February 2, 2009) was an American newspaper reporter, columnist and storyteller who wrote for both the Chicago Sun-Times and the Chicago Tribune.
Galloway was born in Memphis, Tennessee in 1934. His father served as a pastor and (later as a bishop) in the United Methodist Church while his mother ran a literacy program. Galloway attended the University of Oklahoma and worked at the school's alumni magazine for ten years after serving in the United States Army.
Rejecting job offers from Playboy and Sports Illustrated, he took a position as a reporter at the Chicago Sun-Times starting in the summer of 1969. He wrote articles on a wide range of serious news and light topics and was selected to author the newspaper's deadline story marking the December 1976 death of longtime-Mayor Richard J. Daley.
While at the Sun-Times, Galloway co-authored Bagtime with columnist Bob Greene, a serial told from the perspective of fictitious supermarket bagger Mike Holiday which ran in 1977 and 1978. The columns became the source for a book published under the same name that was also turned into a stage musical directed by Robert Falls at the Wisdom Bridge Theatre and a television pilot shot for the Fox Broadcasting Company by Bruce Helford.
He switched over to the Chicago Tribune in 1984, where he served as the religion columnist and wrote stories ranging from personality profiles to weightier matters. He retired from the newspaper in 1999.
He split his time with his wife post-retirement living in a Chicago apartment and homes in New Buffalo, Michigan and Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Galloway died at age 74 on February 2, 2009, in Tulsa of a heart attack. His only immediate survivor was his wife, Maggie Prochotska, whom he married in 1984.
References
1934 births
2009 deaths
American columnists
American reporters and correspondents
Chicago Sun-Times people
Chicago Tribune people
United States Army soldiers
University of Oklahoma alumni
Fischer's turaco

Fischer's turaco (Tauraco fischeri) is a species of bird in the family Musophagidae. It is found in Coastal East Africa, including Kenya, Somalia, and Tanzania. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, and arable land. It is threatened by habitat loss and trapping for the wildlife trade.
Name
The common name and scientific name of this bird commemorate the German explorer Gustav Fischer. This bird is also known as East African red-crested lourie.
Description
Measurements:
Length: 16 in (40 cm)
Weight: Males 8.11-9.49 oz (230-269 g); females 8.01-9.98 oz (227-283 g)
These green bodied turacos have a white-tipped reddish crest, a black belly, and red primaries. They also feature green-blue wings and a dark blue-green tail.
The red skin around their eyes is margined in front by a white line that extends to its bright red bill, and below by a small black patch also boarded by a white line that extends to below its ear-covets. Their white eye stripes and red orbital skin help to distinguish them from the more common Red-crested turaco.
Call
The song of the Fischer's turaco is described as a series of loud growls where the rising notes commence slowly and progress as a series of up to 12 identical notes.
Distribution and habitat
The Fischer's turaco inhabits coastal and riverine forest and woodland in Coastal East Africa, specifically in Kenya, north-eastern Tanzania, and southern Somalia. This species lives in forest thickets, but does favor the canopy and sub-canopy of mature fruiting trees. They are common in their limited range, but are more often heard than seen because they travel alone or in pairs, which makes them hard to spot.
Diet
This bird eats mainly fruits (especially figs and berries), but also eats flower buds, young leaf shoots, and insects.
Conservation
The population of Fischer's turacos is decreasing, with the current number of mature individuals estimated to be 1,500 - 7,000. This species is currently protected by the United Nations' Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITIES) Appendix II. In Somalia, Notification to the Parties No. 2004/055 was enacted in 2019, which suspended all commercial trade of the species.
Breeding
Once bonded, the Fischer's turaco makes a loose, platform stick nest in the tree canopy. Both males and females help build the nest and incubate the eggs. A typical clutch consists of 2 white eggs that feature an incubation period of 22–23 days. Chicks fledge from the nest between 4–5 weeks, but are not able to fly until about 6 weeks of age.
References
Fischer's turaco
Birds of East Africa
Fischer's turaco
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Fort Gratiot Township, Michigan

Fort Gratiot Township, Michigan
Fort Gratiot Township is a charter township of St. Clair County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 11,108 at the 2010 Census. It is named for Fort Gratiot, an American fort located there off and on between 1814 and 1879.
History
Fort Gratiot Township was established in 1867. It is named for General Charles Gratiot, the engineer who laid out the fort.
Communities
Gardendale is an unincorporated community near the center of the township at . It was a station on the Pere Marquette Railway. A post office operated from March 1891 until March 1906.
Keewahdin or Keewahdin Beach was a resort developed in 1914 by the Keewahdin Park Association on Lake Huron north of Port Huron. The name was likely derived from Kewadin, a famous Ojibwe leader. It is located at .
The city of Port Huron is adjacent to the southeast.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which is land and (0.19%) is water.
Fort Gratiot is on the southwestern shore of Lake Huron and is considered to be part of the Thumb of Michigan, which in turn is a subregion of the Flint/Tri-Cities. Fort Gratiot is a major center of trade for the Blue Water Area, a subregion of the Thumb. The Birchwood Mall and many big box stores are located in Fort Gratiot.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 10,691 people, 4,076 households, and 2,946 families residing in the township. The population density was . There were 4,334 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the township was 95.43% White, 1.46% Black, 0.26% Native American, 1.34% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.52% from other races, and 0.98% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.75% of the population.
There were 4,076 households, out of which 32.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.0% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.7% were non-families. 22.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.02.
In the township the population was spread out, with 24.7% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.8 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $50,736, and the median income for a family was $55,726. Males had a median income of $43,268 versus $25,667 for females. The per capita income for the township was $25,485. About 4.2% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.2% of those under age 18 and 5.9% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Townships in St. Clair County, Michigan
Charter townships in Michigan
1867 establishments in Michigan
Populated places on Lake Huron in the United States
Germany–Uzbekistan relations

Germany–Uzbekistan relations are the diplomatic relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of Uzbekistan. Bilateral relations began when the Federal Republic of Germany recognized the independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan on December 31, 1991.
Germany maintains an embassy in Tashkent. The Republic of Uzbekistan maintains an embassy in Berlin. A consulate general from Uzbekistan is located in Frankfurt am Main.
The German Foreign Office describes bilateral relations as close and based on mutual trust. Nevertheless, there are difficult framework conditions for trade and investment, and human rights issues are also raised by the German side. The Termez air base, located in Uzbekistan, was very important as a logistical base for supplying the German contingent in Afghanistan. The Republic of Uzbekistan allowed its use by the Bundeswehr. Active economic relations characterize bilateral relations. As a supplier country, Germany ranked 6th among the country's trading partners in 2012, according to the German Foreign Office, with a 3.8 percent share of Uzbek imports. The most important German exports are machinery, motor vehicles and motor vehicle parts, and pharmaceuticals. The bilateral trade volume in 2012 amounted to EUR 618 million.
The German government is actively engaged in bilateral development relations. More than 192 million EUR, referring to the period between 2019 and 2020, has been spent by the German government on development projects of Technical and Financial Cooperation with Uzbekistan. Support for the modernization of Uzbekistan's health sector, as well as support for sustainable economic development, form important components of development policy relations.
A cultural agreement between the two countries was signed in 1993 and has been in force since 2002. It is considered by the German Foreign Office to be decisive for cultural cooperation. German cultural intermediary organizations such as the Central Agency for Schools Abroad, Goethe Institute, dvv international, Konrad Adenauer Foundation and Friedrich Ebert Foundation are active in Uzbekistan. The cultural relations between the two countries are also very close. Historically, there has been a German minority in Uzbekistan. In the early 2000s, there were around 10,000 Germans left in Uzbekistan.
Contacts are maintained between the two countries in the higher education sector, such as with the Martin Luther University or the Potsdam University of Applied Sciences. The Goethe-Institut supports one German reading room each in Tashkent and Samarkand as well as an offer of information materials in Fergana. There is a particular demand for language courses.
In 2018, Shavkat Mirziyoyev appointed a German official as deputy minister of innovation. This followed talks with the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.
References
Uzbekistan
Bilateral relations of Uzbekistan
فريتز فون ميلر

فريتز فون ميلر هو صائغ ذهب ألماني، ولد في 11 نوفمبر 1840 في ميونخ في ألمانيا، وتوفي بنفس المكان في 29 ديسمبر 1921.
مراجع
أعضاء النيشان البافاري الماكسيميلياني للعلوم والفن
نبلاء بافاريون
أشخاص من ميونخ
ألمان في القرن 19
ألمان في القرن 20
مواليد 1840
نحاتو القرن 20
نحاتون ألمان
نحاتون في القرن 19
نحاتون ونحاتات ألمان
وفيات 1921
فنانون من ميونخ
Do Zia

Do Zia (also Romanized as Do Zīā and Dow Zīā; also known as Dowzpā) is a village in Hastijan Rural District, in the Central District of Delijan County, Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 20, in 7 families.
References
Populated places in Delijan County
جاك لورانس (مغني)

جاك لورانس (مغني)
جاك لورانس هو مغني وكاتب أغاني أمريكي، ولد في 18 ديسمبر 1976 في كنتاكي في الولايات المتحدة.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من كوفينغتون (كنتاكي)
عازفو بانجو أمريكيون
عازفو غيتار باس أمريكيون في القرن 21
عازفو غيتار باس ذكور أمريكيون
عازفو غيتار بيس روك أمريكيون
عازفو قيثارة من كنتاكي
كتاب أغان أمريكيون
كتاب أغان من كنتاكي
مغنو روك أمريكيون
مغنون أمريكيون في القرن 21
مغنون ذكور أمريكيون في القرن 21
مغنون ذكور في القرن 21
مغنون من كنتاكي
مواليد 1976
موسيقيو روك من كنتاكي
تدقيق (توضيح)

تدقيق (توضيح)
التدقيق لغة مبالغة الدق، واصطلاحا:
تدقيق إملائي.
التدقيق في عرف أهل العلم هو إثبات الدليل بالدليل كما أن التحقيق إثبات المسألة بالدليل. فالمدقق أعلى مرتبة من المحقق.
المدقق في اصطلاح الصوفية هو الكامل الذي ظهرت له الأشياء على حقيقتها.
ومنه أيضا:
التدقيق في المحاسبة
تدقيق داخلي
تدقيق مالي
تدقيق خارجي
انظر أيضا
معنى دقيق
مراجع
NGC 383

NGC 383 في الفهرس العام الجديد، هي مجرة، تقع في كوكبة الحوت. اكتشفت في 12 سبتمبر 1784 بواسطة ويليام هيرشل.
مراجع
روابط خارجية
أجرام 3C
أجرام الفهرس العام الجديد
أجرام فلكية اكتشفت في 1784
أجرام فهرس أوبسالا العام
اكتشافات ويليام هيرشل
كوكبة الحوت
مجرات راديوية
TMCO5A

TMCO5A
Transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 5A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMCO5A gene.
References
Further reading
Genes on human chromosome 15
تيري كروفورد هانسن

تيري كروفورد هانسن هي صحفية أمريكية، ولدت في 1953.
مراجع
أمريكيات أصليات في القرن 20
أمريكيات أصليات في القرن 21
أمريكيون أصليون في القرن 20
أمريكيون أصليون في القرن 21
صحفيو بيئة
صحفيون أمريكيون أصليون
كاتبات أمريكيات أصليات
كاتبات غير روائيات أمريكيات
كتاب بيئة غير روائيين أمريكيون
كتاب من بورتلاند (أوريغون)
مواليد 1953
مخالب القط (تعذيب)

مخالب القط (تعذيب)
مخالب القط (وتعرف ايضًا بالدغدغة الإسبانية) هي أداة تعذيب تتكون من أعمدة طويلة بخطافات تُشبه المجارف في نهايتها، يتم بها خدش الجلد العاري للشخص المعذب، سواءًا كان مقيدًا ومثبتًا. تؤدي إلى تمزيق الجلد المعذَّب إلى شرائح أو تمزيق ظهر أو صدر أو بطن المحكوم عليه. يمكن أن تلتهب هذه الجروح لتستخدم لإضافة المزيد من الإيذاء والتعذيب.
تم تطبيق نوع مختلف من أداة التعذيب هذهِ، وهي تتألف من إغلاق قبضة اليد وربط قفاز بطريقة تجعل الألة معقودة مع اليد، ومع مرور الوقت انتظار نمو الأظافر تكون الأداة مدفونة في اليد مما يُسبب ألمًا قويًا في اليد.
التاريخ
لقد تمّ استخدام هذهِ الأداة نطاق واسع خلال العصور الوسطى لمعاقبة اللصوص والزوجات غير المخلصات. أمرت محاكم التفتيش الإسبانية الملحدين بهذه الطريقة.
المصدر
أدوات تعذيب