PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
Gary Jacobson

Gary Jacobson
Gary C. Jacobson (born July 7, 1944) is a professor of political science and the director of undergraduate studies at the University of California, San Diego, where he has been since 1979.
Biography
He was born in Santa Ana and raised in the Los Angeles area, graduating from Culver City High School. He received his A.B. from Stanford University in 1966 and his Ph.D. from Yale University in 1972. From 1970 to 1979 he taught at Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut. He has also taught at the University of California, Riverside (1968), Yale University (1973) and Stanford University (1986-87). During 1990-91 he was a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences.
He has served on the Board of Overseers of American National Election Studies (1985-93), the Council of the American Political Science Association (APSA) (1993-94), the APSA’s Committee on Research Support, and as Treasurer of the APSA (1996-97).
He is recognized as one of the premier scholars in the study of Congressional Campaigns and Election, publishing numerous books and articles on the subject. He is also a frequent commentator for news programs and radio commentary such as NPR.
Bibliography
Money in Congressional Elections; The Politics of Congressional Elections; The Electoral Origins of Divided Government; A Divider Not a Uniter.
Strategy and Choice in Congressional Elections; American Parties in Decline; The Logic of American Politics
The Politics of Congressional Elections
References
External links
Jacobson's UCSD website
American political scientists
1944 births
Living people
Ruza, Ruzsky District, Moscow Oblast

Ruza, Ruzsky District, Moscow Oblast
Ruza is a town and the administrative center of Ruzsky District in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the Ruza River (a tributary of the Moskva River) west of Moscow. Population:
History
It was first mentioned in 1339 as a part of the Principality of Zvenigorod. It became a part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the early 16th century. The town was a fortress which protected Moscow from the west. During World War II, Ruza was occupied by the Germans from October 25, 1941 to January 17, 1942.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Ruza serves as the administrative center of Ruzsky District. As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Ruzsky District as the Town of Ruza. As a municipal division, the Town of Ruza is incorporated within Ruzsky Municipal District as Ruza Urban Settlement.
Notable people
Sergey Ivanov (1864–1910), painter
Aleksandr Shcherbakov (1901–1945), politician)
References
Notes
Sources
Cities and towns in Moscow Oblast
Ruzsky Uyezd
غيبسون (جورجيا)

غيبسون (جورجيا)
غيبسون هي مدينة تقع في مقاطعة غلاسكوك، جورجيا بولاية جورجيا في الولايات المتحدة. تبلغ مساحة هذه المدينة 2.7 (كم²)، وترتفع عن سطح البحر 106 م، بلغ عدد سكانها 694 نسمة في عام 2010 حسب إحصاء مكتب تعداد الولايات المتحدة.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
Cities & Counties - Georgia.gov
مدن ولاية جورجيا
مقرات المقاطعات في ولاية جورجيا
مدن في مقاطعة غلاسكوك (جورجيا)
Alliance of Sahel States

Alliance of Sahel States
The Alliance of Sahel States (AES) is a mutual defense pact created between Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso on 16 September 2023. The pact was created during the 2023 Nigerien crisis, in which the West African political bloc ECOWAS threatened to intervene militarily to restore civilian rule after a coup in Niger earlier that year.
The alliance's stated goal is to protect against possible threats of armed rebellion or external aggression, emphasizing that "any attack on the sovereignty and territorial integrity of one or more contracted parties will be considered an aggression against the other parties".
Background
The Sahel region has been the site of an ongoing jihadist insurgency since 2003, which has led to many conflicts in the region, such as the Mali War and the Boko Haram insurgency. All three member states have had their pro-Western governments overthrown by their militaries, and each is ruled by a junta as part of the Coup Belt.
In the 2021 Malian coup d'état, Assimi Goïta and the National Committee for the Salvation of the People seized power in Mali taking over from Bah Ndaw who himself came to power in the 2020 Malian coup d'état overthrowing the last democratically elected President of Mali, Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta.
Just months later, in the 2021 Guinean coup d'état the National Committee of Reconciliation and Development installed Mamady Doumbouya as the new president, overthrowing the elected Alpha Condé.
Burkina Faso's military overthrew their existing military government in the September 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état, installing Ibrahim Traoré over Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba who came to power in the January 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état which toppled the democratic government of President Roch Marc Christian Kaboré.
Most recently the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland has overthrown the elected government of Niger's Mohamed Bazoum, installing Abdourahamane Tchiani and a new junta in the 2023 Nigerien coup d'état.
All three of the alliance's member states are suspended members of ECOWAS; following the coup in Niger, ECOWAS has threatened to intervene militarily and restore President Bazoum's government, resulting in the 2023 Nigerien crisis. The Nigerien government has the backing of Mali and Burkina Faso, which promised military aid to Niger in the event of an intervention, and Guinea, which has been offering diplomatic support. The promises of military aid resulted in the creation of AES as a mutual defense block for the three nations in an attempt to stave off an ECOWAS intervention.
See also
G5 Sahel
Coup Belt
References
2023 Nigerien crisis
21st-century military alliances
Treaties entered into force in 2023
Military history of Burkina Faso
Military history of Mali
Military history of Niger
2023 in international relations
External links
Charter of Liptako-Gourma establishing the Alliance of Sahel States
Uriel Jones

Uriel Jones (June 13, 1934 – March 24, 2009) was an American musician. Jones was a recording session drummer for Motown's in-house studio band, the Funk Brothers, during the 1960s and early 1970s.
Biography
Motown arranger Paul Riser said of Jones that "Uriel's drum sound was the most open and laid-back, and he was the funkiest of the three guys we had...He had a mixed feel and did a lot of different things well."
Jones died aged 74 at Oakwood Hospital & Medical Center in Dearborn, Michigan, after suffering complications from a heart attack.
References
External links
1934 births
2009 deaths
20th-century African-American musicians
20th-century American drummers
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century African-American people
African-American drummers
American funk drummers
American male drummers
American session musicians
American soul musicians
Musicians from Detroit
Rhythm and blues drummers
Soul drummers
The Funk Brothers members
مورغان داوني

مورغان داوني هو اقتصادي ومؤرخ أمريكي، ولد في 1950.
مراجع
أصحاب أعمال أمريكيون في صناعة النفط
أصحاب أعمال في تقنية المعلومات
أيرلنديون مهاجرون إلى الولايات المتحدة
كتاب اقتصاد أمريكيون
كتاب بيئة غير روائيين أمريكيون
كتاب غير روائيين ذكور أمريكيون
مواليد 1950
نيك بيس

نيك بيس (بالإنجليزية: Nick Pace؛ مواليد 17 أبريل 1987) هو مُقاتل فنون قتالية مختلطة أمريكي سابق.
المراجع
وصلات خارجية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
بطولة القتال النهائي للمقاتلين الذكور
رياضيون من نيويورك
مقاتلو فنون قتالية مختلطة أمريكيون
Jennifer Ward Clarke

Jennifer Ward Clarke (20 June 1935 – 1 March 2015) was a British cellist. After an early career in contemporary music, she later specialised in baroque music and performances on period instruments.
Early life and career
Jennifer Ward Clarke was born in Yateley, Hampshire on 20 June 1935, the daughter of Dorothea (née Devitt) and Harry Ward Clarke, a prep school headteacher. At Benenden School in Kent she became interested in the cello, and studied at London's Royal College of Music with Ivor James, where she won the prize for cello. She won a scholarship to study for a year at the Paris Conservatoire with Paul Tortelier. On three occasions she took part in the masterclasses in Switzerland of Pablo Casals.
In London she played for a period in the Philharmonia Orchestra under Otto Klemperer, and in the English Chamber Orchestra.
She was a founder member in 1965 of the Pierrot Players, later renamed the Fires of London, and with them took part in the first performances of Eight Songs for a Mad King by Peter Maxwell Davies, and Medusa by Harrison Birtwistle. She was a founder member of the London Sinfonietta in 1968, and played with them for several years.
Baroque music
In 1968 Jennifer Ward Clarke played with Paul Steinitz in the Steinitz Bach Players, and became interested in continuo playing in baroque music.
She later played with the Monteverdi Orchestra, the London Classical Players, the Taverner Players and the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment.
She was a member of the Music Party, a chamber group playing 18th century music, set up in 1972 by the clarinettist Alan Hacker, and the Academy of Ancient Music, founded in 1973.
In 1982 she became a member of the Salomon Quartet, set up to perform classical music on period instruments; she toured and made recordings with the quartet until her retirement in 2009. From the 1980s she was professor of baroque cello at the Royal Academy of Music.
She was married to the writer Michael Foss, and they had a daughter Kate.
References
1935 births
2015 deaths
Musicians from Hampshire
Alumni of the Royal College of Music
Academics of the Royal Academy of Music
English classical cellists
20th-century classical musicians
21st-century classical musicians
British performers of early music
Women performers of early music
British music educators
British women music educators
21st-century English women musicians
20th-century cellists
21st-century cellists
Women cellists
جيم ديفيدسون (ممثل)

جيم ديفيدسون (ممثل)
جيم ديفيدسون هو كوميدي ارتجالي ومقدم تلفزيوني وكاتب سير ذاتية وممثل بريطاني، ولد في 13 ديسمبر 1953 في المملكة المتحدة.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أشخاص من غرينتش
إنجليز مغتربون في الإمارات العربية المتحدة
إنجليز من أصل أيرلندي
إنجليز من أصل إسكتلندي
سير ذاتية إنجليزية
شخصيات من حزب المحافظين (المملكة المتحدة)
كوميديو ستاند أب إنجليز
كوميديون إنجليز في القرن 20
كوميديون إنجليز
كوميديون وكوميديات إنجليز في القرن 21
مذيعو تلفزيون إنجليز
مسرحيون إنجليز
ممثلو أفلام إنجليز
ممثلون ذكور من أصل أيرلندي
ممثلون ذكور من أصل إسكتلندي
مواليد 1953
List of C-family programming languages

List of C-family programming languages
Due to the success of the C programming language and some of its derivatives, C-family programming languages span a large variety of programming paradigms, conceptual models, and run-time environments. These languages are described by notable programming sources as being C-like, being dialects of C, having C-like syntax, or otherwise being similar to C.
Such languages are likely to share some syntax and basic language constructs with C, such as semicolon-terminated statements, curly-brace-delimited code blocks, parentheses-delimited parameters, and infix-notated arithmetical and logical expressions. The use of curly brackets ({}) to denote blocks of code has led to the name curly-bracket languages being sometimes used.
References
C
Preston Ware

Preston Ware Jr. (August 12, 1821 – January 29, 1890) was a US chess player. He is best known today for playing unorthodox chess openings.
Ware was born in Wrentham, Massachusetts, and died in Boston, Massachusetts.
Boston Mandarins
Ware was an influential member of the "Mandarins of the Yellow Button" in Boston. The "Yellow Button" was a pin worn in the hats of Chinese imperial officials to indicate high rank in the civil service. The Boston Mandarins were a group of chess players in the late 19th century, including John Finan Barry, L. Dore, C. F. Burille, F. H. Harlow, Dr. Edward Mowry Harris, C. F. Howard, Major Otho Ernst Michaelis, General William Cushing Paine, Dr. H. Richardson, C. W. Snow, Henry Nathan Stone, Franklin Knowles Young, and Preston Ware. The group was the foundation of what would become the modern Deschapelles Chess Club in Boston.
Chess career
Ware was an avid tournament player and played in the Second International Chess Tournament, Vienna 1882, the finest chess tournament of its time. He finished in sixteenth place of eighteen scoring a total of 11 points out of 34, but he did beat Max Weiss and the winner of the tournament, Wilhelm Steinitz in a game lasting 113 moves. At the time, Steinitz had not lost or drawn a game for nine years prior to this tournament and was the unofficial World Champion. Ware also competed in the first, second, fourth and fifth American Chess Congresses.
At the Fifth American Chess Congress in 1880, Ware accused James Grundy of reneging on a deal to draw the game, with Grundy instead trying to play for a win. A newspaper article contemporary to the event stated, "Ware's avowal of his right to sell a game in a tourney was a novelty in chess ethics ... Ware's veracity has not been questioned, only his obliquity of moral vision ..."
Legacy
Ware's other claim to fame was his eccentric opening play. He used the Ware Opening (then known as the Meadow Hay Opening), the Corn Stalk Defence (sometimes known as the Ware Defence), and the Stonewall Attack.
Around 1888, he reintroduced the Stone-Ware Defence to the Evans Gambit, 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.b4 Bxb4 5.c3 Bd6!?, named after Ware and Henry Nathan Stone (1823–1909). (It had originally been played by Alexander McDonnell against Louis-Charles Mahé de La Bourdonnais in 1843.)
References
External links
Preston Ware's games at ChessGames.com
http://www.chesscafe.com/text/spinrad08.pdf (Includes a biography of Ware).
American chess players
Chess theoreticians
1821 births
1890 deaths
People from Wrentham, Massachusetts
19th-century chess players
Lou Harris

Lou Harris (born January 1, 1950) is a former all-star Canadian Football League running back.
A graduate of USC, Harris played 4 seasons with the British Columbia Lions. His best year, his second, 1974 saw him rush for 1239 yards, 3rd best in the CFL. He was an all-star that year, and in rare double, his teammate Monroe Eley also rushed for over a thousand yards (1176) giving the Lions one of the best single season running games in CFL history. He ran for 958 yards in 1975 and 784 yards in 1976. He finished his career in Calgary in 1977.
References
1950 births
Living people
African-American players of Canadian football
American football running backs
BC Lions players
Calgary Stampeders players
Canadian football running backs
Players of Canadian football from Jackson, Mississippi
USC Trojans football players
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople
جون دونكان يونغ

جون دونكان يونغ هو محامي وقاضي وسياسي أمريكي، ولد في 22 سبتمبر 1823 في أوينغسفيل في الولايات المتحدة، وتوفي في 26 ديسمبر 1910 في ماونت ستيرلينغ في الولايات المتحدة. حزبياً، نشط في الحزب الديمقراطي. وقد انتخب عضو مجلس النواب الأمريكي.
مراجع
أشخاص من أوينغسفيل
أعضاء الحزب الديمقراطي في مجلس النواب الأمريكي من كنتاكي
أعضاء مجلس النواب الأمريكي من الحزب الديمقراطي
أعضاء مجلس النواب الأمريكي من كنتاكي
ديمقراطيون من ولاية كنتاكي
سياسيون أمريكيون في القرن 19
محامون أمريكيون في القرن 19
محامون من ولاية كنتاكي
مواليد 1823
وفيات 1910
تصفيات أوروبا لكأس العالم 2010 المجموعة الخامسة

تصفيات أوروبا لكأس العالم 2010 المجموعة الخامسة
المجموعة الخامسة من تصفيات أوروبا لكأس العالم لكرة القدم 2010 ضمت منتخبات إسبانيا ، تركيا ، بلجيكا ، البوسنة والهرسك ، أرمينيا ، و إستونيا .
احتل منتخب إسبانيا صدارة المجموعة وتأهل مباشرة إلى بطولة كأس العالم بينما تأهل وصيفه منتخب البوسنة والهرسك إلى الملحق الأوروبي .
الترتيب
النتائج
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الهدافون
تم تسجيل 94 هدف في 30 مباراة يمعدل 3.13 هدف لكل مباراة .
1 goal
روبرت أرزومانيان
غيفورغ غازاريان
هوفهانس غوهاريان
سركيس هوفسيبيان
فاهاغن ميناسيان
هنريخ مخيتاريان
ستيفين ديفور
موسى ديمبيلي
مروان فيلايني
غيل سفيرتس
دانيل فان بوتين
زلاتان بايراموفيتش
وداد إبيشيفيتش
سانيل ياهيتش
سجاد صاليحوفيتش
إمير سباهيتش
أندريس أوبر
رايو بييرويا
ساندر بوري
فلاديمير فوسكوبوينيكوف
شابي ألونسو
خوان كابدفيليا
سانتي كازورلا
أندريس إنيستا
خوانيتو
كارليس بويول
ألبيرت رييرا
ماركوس سينا
خليل ألتينتوب
ثروت جيتن
مولود إردينج
سيركان يلدريم
|}
الحضور
مصادر
إسبانيا في كأس العالم 2010
تصفيات كأس العالم 2010 (أوروبا)
كرة القدم الأرمنية في 2008
كرة القدم الأرمنية في 2009
كرة القدم الإسبانية في 2008–09
كرة القدم الإستونية في 2008
كرة القدم الإستونية في 2009
كرة القدم البلجيكية في 2008-09
كرة القدم البلجيكية في 2009-10
كرة القدم البوسنية في 2008-09
كرة القدم البوسنية في 2009-10
كرة القدم التركية في 2008-09
كرة القدم التركية في 2009-10
وداعا بغداد 2010

وداعا بغداد 2010
وداعًا بغداد فيلم درامي إيراني من إخراج مهدي نادري. تم اختيار الفيلم كمدخل إيراني لأفضل فيلم بلغة أجنبية في حفل توزيع جوائز الأوسكار الثالث والثمانون لكنه لم يصل إلى القائمة النهائية.
القصة
تدور أحداث الفيلم بين ثلاث قصص متفرقة
الأولى
تدور القصة حول الملاكم البولندي الأمريكي دانيال دالكا الذي يهرب من مشاكله من خلال التجنيد في الجيش. بعد أربع سنوات من انتهاء مهمته سيتعين عليه أن يعود إلى المنزل حيث سيكون عليه مواجهة مشاكله السابقة؛ لذا قرر أن يترك الجيش ويفر منه. في وسط الصحراء وأثناء هروبه يعضه عقرب.
الثانية
في نفس يوم زواجها 29 مارس 2003 فقدت ريبيكا والتي تلعب دورها الممثلة بانتيا بهرام زوجها خلال الهجوم البريطاني الأمريكي على العراق . تدير اليوم مطعمًا صغيرًا على الحدود العراقية حيث تستضيف جنودًا عراقيين وأمريكيين. تذهب إلى الألغام الأرضية لإزالة الألغام من أجل زرع الأشجار والنخيل في نفس الأماكن.
الثالثة
صالح المرزوق والذي يقوم بدوره الممثل مصطفى زماني مدرس رياضيات عراقي فقد عائلته في تفجيرات بغداد يوم 29 مارس، اعتقل وسجن لاحقًا في سجن أبو غريب المعروف بسمعته السيئة لمدة ثلاث سنوات. يقرر أخيرًا أن يتنكر في زي امرأة، ويخطط لتفجير نفسه في مطعم في يوم عيد الميلادفي عام 2009. هناك يكتشف فجأة صورة لنفسه على الحائط مع دخول ريبيكا المطعم. نظرًا للصدمة التي تلقاها الطرفين، يهرب صالح.
فريق التمثيل
مزداك مربديني
بانتيا بهرام
مصطفى زماني
كريس سايروس السعيدي
رضا محمدي
ماجد بهرامي
آريا شاكري
عدنان شحتالاي
روابط خارجية
مراجع
أفلام إنتاج 2010
أفلام إيرانية
أفلام باللغة الفارسية
أفلام دراما إيرانية
أفلام درامية 2010
أفلام مناهضة للحرب عن حرب العراق
تيريز هاليبورتون

تيريز هاليبورتون هو لاعب كرة سلة أمريكي يلعب في مركز لاعب هجوم خلفي أو مدافع مسدد الهدف في نادي سكرامنتو كينغز.
روابط خارجية
مراجع
أفارقة أمريكيون في القرن 20
أفارقة أمريكيون في القرن 21
رجال أمريكيون أفارقة في القرن 20
رجال أمريكيون أفارقة في القرن 21
رياضيون أمريكيون أفارقة في القرن 20
رياضيون أمريكيون أفارقة في القرن 21
رياضيون من أوشكوش (ويسكونسن)
لاعبو إنديانا بايسرز
لاعبو سكرامنتو كينغز
لاعبو كرة سلة أمريكيون
لاعبو كرة سلة أمريكيون أفارقة
لاعبو كرة سلة من ويسكونسن
لاعبو هجوم خلفي (كرة السلة)
مطار بندر لنغة (مغوية)

مطار بندر لنغة (مغوية)
مطار بندر لنغة هي مستوطنة تقع في إيران في الناحية المركزية. يقدر عدد سكانها بـ 98 نسمة .
انظر أيضاً
قائمة مدن إيران
مراجع
أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة بندر لنغة
Harri Holkeri

Harri Holkeri
Harri Hermanni Holkeri (6 January 1937 – 7 August 2011) was a Finnish statesman representing the National Coalition Party of Finland (Kokoomus / Samlingspartiet). He was the Prime Minister of Finland 1987–1991, president of the UN General Assembly 2000–2001 and headed the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo from 2003 to 2004 (leaving the position in the summer of the second year because of health issues).
Domestic offices
Harri Holkeri was member of the board of directors of the Bank of Finland from 1978 to 1997, and candidate in the president elections of 1982 and 1988. He also served as a member of Parliament from 1970 to 1978 and as the chairman of the National Coalition (Conservative) Party from 1971 to 1979. On 1 July 1991 he made the world's first official GSM call, to Kaarina Suonio, vice mayor of the city of Tampere. The historic call used Nokia gear on GSM's original 900 MHz band.
Legacy
He chaired the United Nations General Assembly during the 55th session (2000–2001). He also played a constructive role in securing the Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland.
Cabinets
Holkeri Cabinet
Later years and death
In his last years, Holkeri resided in Kruununhaka, Helsinki, where on a November day in 2008 he was walking outside a grocery store, when a robber tackled him while fleeing. Holkeri was badly wounded, broke his hip and needed a joint replacement surgery on his hips. The suspect turned himself in to the police, but stated that he did not intend to harm Holkeri and that the tackle was an accident. Holkeri sued the suspect for temporary and permanent damages for a total of €8,400.
Holkeri died in 2011 in Helsinki.
Honors and awards
Domestic
Holkeri was awarded the highest Finnish honorary title of Counselor of State in 1998 by the President of Finland Martti Ahtisaari.
Foreign
Holkeri's efforts in Northern Ireland were rewarded with an honorary KBE from Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom.
References
1937 births
2011 deaths
People from Oripää
National Coalition Party politicians
Prime Ministers of Finland
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1970–1972)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1972–1975)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1975–1979)
Presidents of the United Nations General Assembly
United Nations Mission in Kosovo
Central bankers
Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Special Representatives of the Secretary-General of the United Nations
الاستغناء عن الصناعة

الاستغناء عن الصناعة عملية تغيير اجتماعي واقتصادي ناتج عن إزالة أو تقليص القدرات أو الأنشطة الصناعية في بلد أو في منطقة، وخاصة الصناعات الثقيلة أو الصناعة التحويلية. وهذا عكس التحول الصناعي.
مراجع
أنشطة الإنسان المؤثرة على البيئة
تاريخ صناعي
تسوس حضري
تنمية اقتصادية
خدمات
مشاكل اقتصادية