Johannes Reinke

Johannes Reinke (February 3, 1849 – February 25, 1931) was a German botanist and philosopher who was a native of Ziethen, Lauenburg. He is remembered for his research of benthic marine algae.
Academic background
Reinke studied botany with his father from the age of eight. Reinke studied theology at Rostock, but his focus later changed to botany. In 1879 he became a professor of botany at the University of Göttingen, where he established the institute of plant physiology. From 1885 until 1921, he was a professor at the University of Kiel. Reinke was a co-founder of the Deutsche Botanische Gesellschaft.
Contributions
Reinke had a keen interest in the systematics, developmental cycles, cytology and physiology of brown algae. From 1888 to 1892, he published a number of articles on marine algae from the North and Baltic Seas — in regards to the Baltic, he described several new genera of algae. He also published works on the algal families Tilopteridaceae (1889) and Sphacelariaceae (1890). Furthermore, he postulated that the encrusting algae genus called Aglaozonia was a stage in the life history of Cutleria. He has been credited for being the first to use the word to refer to the propagule-producing area in lichens in an 1895 publication, introducing a term still in common use. Reinkella, a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Roccellaceae, was named in his honour in 1897.
Reinke was a proponent of scientific "neo-vitalism", and a critic of the Darwinian theory of evolution. Opposing the secularization of science, Reinke, along with his Lutheran friend Eberhard Dennert, founded the Keplerbund ("Kepler Association") in 1907. They opposed Haeckel's Monist League, which aimed to "replace" German churches with the evolutionary theory as a secular religion, and attempted to create a branch of popular science grounded in the Christian belief.
In 1901 he introduced the term "theoretical biology" to define biology from a standpoint of concepts and theories, and to differentiate it from traditional "empirical biology". Reinke attempted to explain the process of biological change through a concept of morphogenesis and genetic regulation he referred to as the "Dominanten" theory. Among his written works was a book that discussed the relationship of philosophy and religion to science.
He died in Preetz.
Selected publications
Entwicklungsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen über die Dictyotaceen des Golfs von Neapel. Nova Acta Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicae naturae curiosorum, Bd. 40, 1 (1878) * Lehrbuch der allgemeinen Botanik, (Historical research into the development of Dictyotaceae from the Gulf of Naples), 1880
Lehrbuch der allgemeinen Botanik (Textbook of general botany), 1880
Atlas deutscher Meeresalgen (Atlas of German marine algae), 1889 and 1891
Einleitung in der theoretische Biologie (Introduction to theoretical biology), 1901, second edition 1910.
Philosophie der Botanik (Philosophy of botany), 1905
Haeckels Monismus und seine Freunde – ein freies Wort für freie Wissenschaft (Haeckel's monism and allies, a free word for free science), 1907
Die Kunst der Weltanschauung (The Art of Belief), 1911
Kritik der Abstammungslehre (Critique of the theory of evolution), 1920
Naturwissenschaft, Weltanschauung, Religion, (Science, philosophy, religion), 1923
Das dynamische Weltbild (The dynamic world view), 1926
Wissemann, Volker (2012). Johannes Reinke: Leben und Werk eines lutherischen Botanikers. Volume 26 of Religion, Theologie und Naturwissenschaft / Religion, Theology, and Natural Science. Vandenhoeck & Ruprech. , 9783525570203
References
List of publications copied from an article on Johannes Reinke at the German Wikipedia.
1849 births
1931 deaths
People from Herzogtum Lauenburg
19th-century German botanists
German Christians
Phycologists
Theoretical biologists
Academic staff of the University of Göttingen
Members of the Prussian House of Lords
Academic staff of the University of Kiel
Vitalists
20th-century German botanists