Lists of earthquakes

Lists of earthquakes
Earthquakes are caused by movements within the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle. They range from events too weak to be detectable except by sensitive instrumentation, to sudden and violent events lasting many minutes which have caused some of the greatest disasters in human history. Below, earthquakes are listed by period, region or country, year, magnitude, cost, fatalities and number of scientific studies.
Lists by time period
By century
Before 1901
1901–2000
2001–present
By decade
2001–2010
2011–2020
2021–2030
By year
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Lists by country
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Argentina
Mendoza Province
Armenia
Australia
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Brazil
Bulgaria
Canada
Chile
China
Sichuan Province
Yunnan Province
Colombia
Costa Rica
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
DR. Congo
Dominican Republic
East Timor (Timor Leste)
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Eritrea
Ethiopia
France
Fiji
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Guam
Guatemala
Haiti
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran
Israel
Italy
Irpinia
Japan
Jordan
Kosovo
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Lebanon
Malaysia
Mexico
Morocco
Myanmar
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Pakistan
Palestine
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Peru
Philippines
Portugal
Azores
Romania
Vrancea County
Russia
Samoa
Saudi Arabia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
South Africa
South Korea
Spain
Syria
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Thailand
Tonga
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Alaska
California
Hawaii
Illinois
Montana
Nevada
Oklahoma
Puerto Rico
South Carolina
Texas
Utah
Washington
Vanuatu
Venezuela
Yemen
Lists by region
Caribbean
Levant
South Asia
Deadliest earthquakes by year
Largest earthquakes by year
Largest earthquakes by magnitude
Listed below are all the 45 known earthquakes with an estimated magnitude of 8.5 or higher since 1501. Limited to a timeframe with enough data, this gives a rough estimate of its frequency per century. (The timeframe does not include outlying events like the earlier 1498 Meiō earthquake, 1420 Caldera earthquake, 1361 Shōhei earthquake, 1356 Lisbon earthquake, 869 Jōgan earthquake, and 365 Crete earthquake, each estimated to have magnitude ≥8.5.)
Prior to the development and deployment of seismographs – starting around 1900 – magnitudes can only be estimated, based on historical reports of the extent and severity of damage.
Historical records are known to be incomplete. Earthquakes that occurred in remote areas prior to the advent of modern instrumentation in the early to mid 1900s were not well-reported, and exact locations and magnitudes of such events are often unknown. Therefore, the apparent increase in large earthquake frequency over the last few centuries is unlikely to be accurate, with the better interpretation that, had the list been more complete, then a dozen or so per century would be average.
Largest earthquakes by country/territory
This list is a work in progress. Information is likely to be changed.
The list refers to current country boundaries rather than those at the date of the earthquake.
Please note, multiple countries could have the same earthquake listed, such as the 1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake being listed for both Ecuador and Colombia.
Unless otherwise noted, magnitudes are reported on the Moment magnitude scale (Mw).
Costliest earthquakes
This is the top ten major earthquakes by the dollar value of property (public and private) losses directly attributable to the earthquake.
Deadliest earthquakes
The following is a summary list of earthquakes with over approximately 100,000 deaths:
Most studied earthquakes
The 50 most studied earthquakes according to the International Seismological Centre (ISC), based on a count of scientific papers (mostly in English) that discuss that earthquake. The "Event #" is linked to the ISC Event Bibliography for that event.
modified from figure 2, "The most studied events", at the ISC's Overview of the ISC Event Bibliography.
2018.
See also
List of deadly earthquakes since 1900
List of historical earthquakes
List of natural disasters by death toll
Lists of earthquakes by year
List of megathrust earthquakes
References
External links
USGS-ANSS Latest earthquakes around the world.
Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC)
IRIS Seismic Monitor, Recent earthquakes around the world
Recent New Zealand earthquakes
SeismoArchives, Seismogram Archives of Significant Earthquakes of the World
USGS list of earthquakes magnitude 6.0 and greater sorted by magnitude
Database for the damage of world earthquake, ancient period (3000 BC) to year of 2006—Building Research Institute (Japan) (建築研究所)
Largest Earthquakes in the World Since 1900