Spirogyra

Spirogyra (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteristic of the genus. Spirogyra species, of which there are more than 400, are commonly found in freshwater habitats. Spirogyra measures approximately 10 to 100 μm in width and may grow to several centimetres in length. It is often observed as green slimy patches on the ground near ponds and other water bodies having stagnant water.
General characteristics
Spirogyra is very common in relatively clear eutrophic water, developing slimy filamentous green masses. In spring Spirogyra grows under water, but when there is enough sunlight and warmth they produce large amounts of oxygen, adhering as bubbles between the tangled filaments. The filamentous masses come to the surface and become visible as slimy green mats. Spirogyra has a cell wall, nucleus, pyrenoid, and spiral chloroplasts.
Reproduction
Spirogyra can reproduce both sexually and asexually. In vegetative reproduction, fragmentation takes place, and Spirogyra simply undergoes intercalary cell division to extend the length of the new filaments.
Sexual reproduction is of two types:
Scalariform conjugation requires association of two or more different filaments lined side by side, either partially or throughout their length. One cell each from opposite lined filaments emits tubular protuberances known as conjugation tubes, which elongate and fuse to make a passage called the conjugation canal. The cytoplasm of the cell acting as the male travels through this tube and fuses with the female cytoplasm, and the gametes fuse to form a zygospore.
In lateral conjugation, gametes are formed in a single filament. Two adjoining cells near the common transverse wall give out protuberances known as conjugation tubes, which further form the conjugation canal upon contact. The male cytoplasm migrates through the conjugation canal, fusing with the female. The rest of the process proceeds as in scalariform conjugation.
The essential difference is that scalariform conjugation occurs between two filaments and lateral conjugation occurs between two adjacent cells on the same filament.
Species
The following species are currently accepted:
Spirogyra abbreviata Zheng
Spirogyra acanthophora (Skuja) Czurda
Spirogyra acumbentis Vodenicarov
Spirogyra adjerensis Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra adnata (Vaucher) Kützing
Spirogyra adornata Ling
Spirogyra aequinoctialis G.S.West
Spirogyra affinis (Hassall) Petit
Spirogyra africana (F.E.Fritsch) Czurda
Spirogyra ahmedabadensis Kamat
Spirogyra alpina Kützing
Spirogyra alternata Kützing
Spirogyra amplectens Skuja
Spirogyra ampliata L.Liu
Spirogyra anchora Skuja
Spirogyra angolensis Welwitsch
Spirogyra angulata Nipkow
Spirogyra anomala Bhashyakarla Rao
Spirogyra anzygoapora Singh
Spirogyra aphanosculpta Skuja
Spirogyra aplanospora Randhawa
Spirogyra arcta (C.Agardh) Endlichter
Spirogyra arcuata Liu
Spirogyra areolata Lagerheim
Spirogyra arizonensis Rickert & Hoshaw
Spirogyra arthuri Woodhead & Tweed
Spirogyra articulata Transeau
Spirogyra asiatica Czurda
Spirogyra atasiana Czurda
Spirogyra atrobrunnea Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra aubvillei Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra australica Czurda
Spirogyra australiensis K.Möbius
Spirogyra austriaca Czurda
Spirogyra azygospora Singh
Spirogyra baileyi Schmidle
Spirogyra batekiana Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra bellis (Hassall) P.Crouan & H.Crouan
Spirogyra bicalyptrata Czurda
Spirogyra bichromatophora (Randhawa) Transeau
Spirogyra biformis C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra biharensis A.M.Verma & B.Kumari
Spirogyra bii Kadlubowska
Spirogyra bireticulata Liu
Spirogyra borealis Zheng & Ling
Spirogyra borgeana Transeau
Spirogyra borgei Kadlubowska
Spirogyra borkuense Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra borysthenica Kasanowsky & Smirnoff [Smirnov]
Spirogyra bourrellyana Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra braziliensis (Nordstedt) Transeau
Spirogyra britannica Godward
Spirogyra brunnea Czurda
Spirogyra buchetii Petit
Spirogyra bullata C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra calcarea Transeau
Spirogyra calchaquiesiae B.Tracanna
Spirogyra californica Stancheva, J.D.Hall, McCourt & Sheath
Spirogyra calospora Cleve
Spirogyra canaliculata Segar
Spirogyra cardinia S.H.Lewis
Spirogyra caroliniana G.E.Dillard
Spirogyra castanacea G.C.Couch
Spirogyra cataeniformis (Hassall) Kützing
Spirogyra catenaeformis (Hassall) Kützing
Spirogyra cavata Vodenicarov
Spirogyra chakiaensis (Bhashyakarla Rao) Kreiger
Spirogyra chandigarhensis
Spirogyra chekiangensis C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra chenii C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra chungkingensis C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra chuniae C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra circumlineata Transeau
Spirogyra clavata Segar
Spirogyra cleveana Transeau
Spirogyra colligata Hodgetts
Spirogyra columbiana Czurda
Spirogyra communis (Hassall) Kützing
Spirogyra condensata (Vaucher) Dumortier
Spirogyra congolensis Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra conspicua Gay
Spirogyra convoluta
Spirogyra corrugata Woodhead & Tweed
Spirogyra costata Kadlubowska
Spirogyra costulata Kadlubowska
Spirogyra coumbiana Czurda
Spirogyra crassa (Kützing) Kützing
Spirogyra crassispina C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra crassiuscula (Wittrock & Nordstedt) Transeau
Spirogyra crassivallicularis C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra crassoidea (Transeau) Transeau
Spirogyra crenulata Singh
Spirogyra croasdaleae Blum
Spirogyra cyanosporum
Spirogyra cylindrica Czurda
Spirogyra cylindrosperma (West & G.S.West) Krieger
Spirogyra cylindrospora West & G.S.West
Spirogyra czubinskii Kadlubowska
Spirogyra czurdae Misra
Spirogyra czurdiana Kadlubowska
Spirogyra dacimina (O.F.Müller) Kützing
Spirogyra daedalea Lagerheim
Spirogyra daedaleoides Czurda
Spirogyra danica Kadlubowska
Spirogyra decimina (O.F.Müller) Dumortier
Spirogyra densa Kützing
Spirogyra denticulata Transeau
Spirogyra dentireticulata C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra desikacharyensis Rattan
Spirogyra dialyderma Ling & Zheng
Spirogyra dicephala C.-C.Jao & H.Z.Zhu
Spirogyra dictyospora C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra diluta H.C.Wood
Spirogyra dimorpha Geitler
Spirogyra discoidea Transeau
Spirogyra distenta Transeau
Spirogyra diversizygotica (V.I.Polyanskij) L.A.Rundina
Spirogyra djalonensis Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra djiliense Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra dodgeana
Spirogyra drilonensis Petkoff
Spirogyra dubia Kützing
Spirogyra echinata Tiffany
Spirogyra echinospora Blum
Spirogyra eillipsospora Transeau
Spirogyra elegans Wollny
Spirogyra elegantissima Y.J.Ling & Y.M.Zheng
Spirogyra ellipsospora Transeau
Spirogyra elliptica C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra elongata (H.C.Wood) H.C.Wood
Spirogyra elongata (Vaucher) Dumortier
Spirogyra emilianensis Bonhomme
Spirogyra endogranulata O.Bock & W.Bock
Spirogyra exilis West & G.S.West
Spirogyra fallax (Hansgirg) Wille
Spirogyra fassula Zheng
Spirogyra favosa Y.-X.Wei & Y.-K.Yung
Spirogyra fennica Cedercreutz
Spirogyra ferruginea H.W.Liang
Spirogyra flavescens (Hassall) Kützing
Spirogyra flavicans Kützing
Spirogyra fluviatilis Hilse
Spirogyra formosa (Transeau) Czurda
Spirogyra fossa C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra fossulata C.-C.Jao & Hu
Spirogyra foveolata (Transeau) Czurda
Spirogyra franconica O.Bock & W.Bock
Spirogyra frankliniana Tiffany
Spirogyra frigida F.Gay
Spirogyra fritschiana Czurda
Spirogyra fukienica Wei
Spirogyra fuzhouensis H.-J.Hu
Spirogyra gallica Petit
Spirogyra gaterslebensis Reith
Spirogyra gauthier-lievrae Kadlubowska
Spirogyra gauthieri Gayral
Spirogyra gharbensis Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra ghosei Singh
Spirogyra gibberosa C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra glabra Czurda
Spirogyra globulispora Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra gobonensis Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra goetzei Schmidle
Spirogyra gracilis Kützing
Spirogyra granulata C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra gratiana Transeau
Spirogyra groenlandica Rosenvinge
Spirogyra guangchowensis Zhu & Zhong
Spirogyra guineense Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra gujaratensis Kamat
Spirogyra gurdaspurensis Rattan
Spirogyra haimenensis C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra hartigii (Kützing) De Toni
Spirogyra hassalii (Jenner) Petit
Spirogyra hassallii (Jenner ex Hassall) P.Crouan & H.Crouan
Spirogyra hatillensis Transeau
Spirogyra heeriana Nägeli ex Kützing
Spirogyra henanensis (L.J.Bi) L.J.Bi
Spirogyra herbipolensis O.Bock & W.Bock
Spirogyra heterospora Liu
Spirogyra hoehnei O.Borge
Spirogyra hoggarica (Gauthier-Lièvre) Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra hollandiae Taft
Spirogyra hopeiensis C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra hunanensis C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra hungarica Langer
Spirogyra hyalina Cleve
Spirogyra hymerae Britton & B.H.Smith
Spirogyra inconstans Collins
Spirogyra incrassata Czurda
Spirogyra indica Krieger
Spirogyra inflata (Vaucher) Dumortier
Spirogyra insignis (Hassall) Kützing
Spirogyra insueta Zhu & Zhong
Spirogyra intermedia Rabenhorst
Spirogyra intorta C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra ionia Wade
Spirogyra irregularis Nägeli ex Kützing
Spirogyra ivorensis Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra iyengarii Kadlubowska
Spirogyra jaoensis Randhawa
Spirogyra jaoi S.H.Ley
Spirogyra jassiensis (Teodoresco) Czurda
Spirogyra jatobae Transeau
Spirogyra jogensis Iyengar
Spirogyra jugalis (Dillwyn) Kützing
Spirogyra juliana Stancheva, J.D.Hall, McCourt & Sheath
Spirogyra kaffirita Transeau
Spirogyra kamatii Kamat
Spirogyra karnalae Randhawa
Spirogyra kolae Hajdu
Spirogyra koreana J.-H.Kim, Y.H.Kim, & I.K.Lee
Spirogyra krubergii V.J.Poljanski
Spirogyra kundaensis Singh
Spirogyra kuusamoensis Hirn
Spirogyra labbei Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra labyrinthica Transeau
Spirogyra lacustris Czurda
Spirogyra lagerheimii Wittrock
Spirogyra laka Kützing
Spirogyra lallandiae Taft
Spirogyra lambertiana Transeau
Spirogyra lamellata (Bhashyakarla Rao) Krieger
Spirogyra lamellosa C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra lapponica Lagerheim
Spirogyra latireticulata Zheng & Ling
Spirogyra latviensis Czurda
Spirogyra laxa Kützing
Spirogyra laxistrata C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra lenticularis Transeau
Spirogyra lentiformis L.J.Bi
Spirogyra lians Transeau
Spirogyra libyca Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra lismorensis Playfair
Spirogyra lodziensis Kadlubowska
Spirogyra longifissa Wei
Spirogyra lubrica Kützing
Spirogyra lucknowensis (Prasad & Dutta) Kadlubowska
Spirogyra lushanensis L.C.Li
Spirogyra luteospora Czurda
Spirogyra lutetiana Petit
Spirogyra lymerae Britton & Smith
Spirogyra macrospora (C.B.Rao) Krieger
Spirogyra maghrebiana Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra major Kützing
Spirogyra majuscula Kützing
Spirogyra malmeana Hirn
Spirogyra manormae Randhawa
Spirogyra maravillosa Transeau
Spirogyra marchica H.Krieger
Spirogyra margalefii Aboal & Llimona
Spirogyra margaritata Wollny
Spirogyra marocana Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra maxima (Hassall) Wittrock
Spirogyra megaspora Transeau
Spirogyra meinningensis
Spirogyra meridionalis W.J.Zhu & Zhong
Spirogyra miamiana Taft
Spirogyra microdictyon C.-C.Jao & Hu
Spirogyra microgranulata C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra micropunctata Transeau
Spirogyra microspora C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra mienningensis L.-C.Li
Spirogyra minor (Schmidle) Transeau
Spirogyra minuticrassoidea Yamagishi
Spirogyra minutifossa C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra mirabilis (Hassall) Kützing
Spirogyra miranda Kadlubowska
Spirogyra mirifica Zheng & Ling
Spirogyra mithalaensis A.M.Verma & B.Kumari
Spirogyra moebii Transeau
Spirogyra monodiana Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra montserrati Margalef
Spirogyra multiconjugata N.C.Ferrer & E.J.Cáceres
Spirogyra multiformis Kadlubowska
Spirogyra multistrata Zheng & Ling
Spirogyra multitrata Zheng & Ling
Spirogyra mutabilis C.-C.Jao & H.J.Hu
Spirogyra narcissiana Transeau
Spirogyra natchita Transeau
Spirogyra nawaschinii Kasanowsky
Spirogyra neglecta (Hassall) Kützing
Spirogyra neorhizobranchialis C.-C.Jao & Zheng
Spirogyra nitida (O.F.Müller) Leiblein
Spirogyra nodifera O.Bock & W.Bock
Spirogyra notabilis Taft
Spirogyra nova-angliae Transeau
Spirogyra novae-angliae Transeau
Spirogyra nyctigama Taft
Spirogyra oblata C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra oblonga Liu
Spirogyra obovata C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra occidentalis (Transeau) Czurda
Spirogyra oligocarpa C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra olivascens Rabenhorst
Spirogyra ollicola C.-C.Jao & Zhong
Spirogyra oltmannsii Huber-Pestalozzi
Spirogyra orientalis West & G.S.West
Spirogyra orthospira Nägeli
Spirogyra ouarsenica Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra oudhensis Randhawa
Spirogyra ovigera Montagne
Spirogyra pachyderma Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra palghatensis Erady
Spirogyra paludosa Czurda
Spirogyra papulata C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra paradoxa Bhashyakarla Rao
Spirogyra paraguayensis O.Borge
Spirogyra parva (Hassall) Kützing
Spirogyra parvispora H.C.Wood
Spirogyra parvula (Transeau) Czurda
Spirogyra pascheriana Czurda
Spirogyra patliputri A.M.Verma & B.Kumari
Spirogyra peipeingensis C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra pellucida (Hassall) Kützing
Spirogyra perforans Transeau
Spirogyra plena (West & G.S.West) Czurda
Spirogyra poljanskii Kadlubowska
Spirogyra polymorpha Kirchner
Spirogyra polytaeniata Strasburger
Spirogyra porangabae Transeau
Spirogyra porticalis (O.F.Müller) Dumortier- type
Spirogyra pratensis Transeau
Spirogyra princeps (Vaucher) Link ex Meyen
Spirogyra proavita Langer
Spirogyra prolifica Kamat
Spirogyra propria Transeau
Spirogyra protecta H.C.Wood
Spirogyra pseudoaedaloides Kadlubowska
Spirogyra pseudobellis W.J.Zhu & Zhong
Spirogyra pseudocorrugata Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra pseudocylindrica Prescott
Spirogyra pseudogibberosa Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra pseudogranulata S.-H.Ley
Spirogyra pseudojuergensii H.Silva
Spirogyra pseudomaiuscula Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra pseudomajuscula Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra pseudomaxima Kadlubowska
Spirogyra pseudoneglecta Czurda
Spirogyra pseudonodifera O.Bock & W.Bock
Spirogyra pseudoplena Liu
Spirogyra pseudopulchrata C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra pseudoreticulata Kreiger
Spirogyra pseudorhizopus L.J.Bi
Spirogyra pseudosahnii Kadlubowska
Spirogyra pseudospreeiana C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra pseudosubreticulata Rickert & Hoshaw
Spirogyra pseudotenuissima O.Bock & W.Bock
Spirogyra pseudotetrapla Kadlubowska
Spirogyra pseudotexensis Bourrelly
Spirogyra pseudovarians Czurda
Spirogyra pseudovenusta Liu & Wei
Spirogyra pseudowoodii V.J.Poljanski
Spirogyra pulchella (H.C.Wood) H.C.Wood
Spirogyra pulchra Alexenko
Spirogyra pulchrifigurata C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra puncticulata C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra punctulata C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra quadrata (Hassall) P.Petit
Spirogyra quadrilaminata C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra quezelii Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra quilonensis Kothari
Spirogyra quinina Kützing
Spirogyra quinquilaminata C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra randhawae Krieger
Spirogyra rattanii Kadlubowska
Spirogyra rectangularis Transeau
Spirogyra rectispira Merriman
Spirogyra regularis (Cedercreutz) Krieger
Spirogyra reinhardii V.Chmielevsky
Spirogyra reticulata Nordstedt
Spirogyra reticulatum Randhawa
Spirogyra reticuliana Randhawa
Spirogyra rhizobrachialis C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra rhizobranchialis C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra rhizoides Randhawa
Spirogyra rhizopus C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra rhodopea Petkoff
Spirogyra rivularis (Hassall) Rabenhorst
Spirogyra robusta (Nygaard) Czurda
Spirogyra rugosa (Transeau) Czurda
Spirogyra rugulosa Iwanoff
Spirogyra rupestris Schmidle
Spirogyra sahnii Randhawa
Spirogyra salina Aleem
Spirogyra sanjingensis Y.Wang & Z.Wang
Spirogyra sarmae M.Singh & M.Srivastava
Spirogyra schmidtii West & G.S.West
Spirogyra schweickerdtii Cholonky
Spirogyra scripta Nygaard
Spirogyra scrobiculata (Stockmayer) Czurda
Spirogyra sculpta Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra semiornata C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra senegalensis Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra setiformis (Roth) Martens ex Meneghini
Spirogyra shantungensis L.-C.Li
Spirogyra shanxiensis Zheng & Ling
Spirogyra shenzaensis Zheng
Spirogyra siamensis Transeau
Spirogyra siberica Skvortzov
Spirogyra silesiaca Kadlubowska
Spirogyra sinensis L.-C.Li
Spirogyra singularis Nordstedt
Spirogyra skujae Randhawa
Spirogyra skvortzowii Willi Kreiger
Spirogyra smithii Transeau
Spirogyra speciosa Liu
Spirogyra sphaerica (Misra) Willi Krieger
Spirogyra sphaerocarpa C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra sphaerospora Hirn
Spirogyra spinescens Kirjakov
Spirogyra splendida G.S West
Spirogyra spreeiana Rabenhorst
Spirogyra subaffinis F.E.Fritsch & M.F.Rich
Spirogyra subbullata Kadlubowska
Spirogyra subcolligata L.J.Bi
Spirogyra subcrassa Woronchin
Spirogyra subcrassiuscula L.J.Bi
Spirogyra subcylindrospora C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra subechinata Godward
Spirogyra subfossulata C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra subglabra Zheng & Ling
Spirogyra sublambertiana Zhao
Spirogyra subluteospora C.-C.Jao & Hu
Spirogyra submajuscula Ling & Zheng
Spirogyra submargaritata Godward
Spirogyra submarina (Collins) Transeau
Spirogyra submaxima Transeau
Spirogyra subobovata Chian
Spirogyra subpapulatata C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra subpellucida C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra subpolytaeniata C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra subpratensis Woronichin
Spirogyra subreflexa Liang & Wang
Spirogyra subreticulata F.E.Fritsch
Spirogyra subsalina Cedercreutz
Spirogyra subsalsa Kützing
Spirogyra subsalso-punctatulata Kadlubowska
Spirogyra subtropica Chian
Spirogyra suburbana C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra subvelata Kreiger
Spirogyra sulcata Blum
Spirogyra sundanensis Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra superba L.Liu
Spirogyra supervarians Transeau
Spirogyra szechwanensis C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra taftiana Transeau
Spirogyra taiyuanensis Ling
Spirogyra tandae Randhawa
Spirogyra taylorii C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra tenuior (Transeau) Krieger
Spirogyra tenuispina Rundina
Spirogyra tenuissima (Hassall) Kützing
Spirogyra teodoresci Transeau
Spirogyra ternata Ripart
Spirogyra tetrapla Transeau
Spirogyra tibetensis C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra tjibodensis Faber
Spirogyra tolosana Comère
Spirogyra torta Blum
Spirogyra trachycarpa Skuja
Spirogyra transeauiana C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra triplicata (Collins) Transeau
Spirogyra trochainii Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra tropica Kützing
Spirogyra tsingtaoensis L.-C.Li
Spirogyra tuberculata Lagerheim
Spirogyra tuberculosa Liang & Wang
Spirogyra tucumaniae B.Tracanna
Spirogyra tumida C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra turfosa F.Gay
Spirogyra tuwensis R.J.Patel & C.K.Asok Kumar
Spirogyra ugandense Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra unduliseptum Randhawa
Spirogyra urbana C.-C.Jao & Zhong
Spirogyra van-zantenii Cholonky
Spirogyra variabilis C.-C.Jao & Hu
Spirogyra varians (Hassall) Kützing
Spirogyra variaspora Rickert & Hoshaw
Spirogyra variformis Transeau
Spirogyra varshaii Prasad & Dutta
Spirogyra vasishtii Rattan
Spirogyra velata Nordstedt
Spirogyra venkataramanii Rattan
Spirogyra venosa Kadlubowska
Spirogyra venusta C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra vermiculata C.-C.Jao & H.J.Hu
Spirogyra verrucogranulata I.C A.Dias & C.E.de M.Bicudo
Spirogyra verrucosa (C.B.Rao) Krieger
Spirogyra verruculosa C.-C.Jao
Spirogyra voltaica Gauthier-Lièvre
Spirogyra wangii L.C.Li
Spirogyra weberi Kützing
Spirogyra weishuiensis Ling & Zheng
Spirogyra weletischii West & G.S.West
Spirogyra welwitschii West & G.S.West
Spirogyra westii Transeau
Spirogyra willei Skuja
Spirogyra wittrockii Alexenko
Spirogyra wollnyi De Toni
Spirogyra wrightiana Transeau
Spirogyra wuchanensis C.-C.Jao & H.-J.Hu
Spirogyra wuhanensis C.-C.Jao & H.-J.Hu
Spirogyra xiaoganensis Liu
Spirogyra xinxiangensis L.J.Bi
Spirogyra yexianensis L.J.Bi
Spirogyra yuin S.Skinner & Entwisle
Spirogyra yunnanensis L.-C.Li C
Trivia
American jazz fusion band Spyro Gyra was named after this genus of algae.
It is also the subject of the Brazilian sambarock song "Spirogyra story" by Jorge Ben.
Gallery
References
Spirogyra at microscopy-uk.org.uk
John Whitton, B.A. and Brook, A.J. (editors) 2002. The Freshwater Algal Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. .
Zygnemataceae