PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
Auchy-les-Mines

Auchy-les-Mines is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France. Until 1926 it was named Auchy-lez-La-Bassée.
Geography
A small ex-coal mining town, now mostly a light engineering and farming commune, situated east of Béthune and southwest of Lille, at the junction of the N41 and the D163 roads.
Coal mining
Work on Mine 8 at Auchy-les-Mines began by the Compagnie des mines de Béthune in July 1891, and the mine was opened in November 1893.
Shaft 8bis was started in November 1893.
During World War I (1914–18) the front stabilized in the autumn of 1914 and a war of position began.
The Mines de Béthune concession was cut in two along a line from Auchy-les-Mines to Liévin, with Mines 4 and 8 occupied by the Germans.
Mine 4 (Vermelles) was recovered in December 1914, but Mine 8 (Auchy) was not recovered until the German troops withdrew at the end of the war.
A long gallery led from the main Mines de Béthune concession to Mine 8 in Auchy in the northeast.
Shaft 8 was blocked by the Germans between the level and the lower level, but below the blockage the French could freely work the coal seams, even under the German side.
Pumps were brought back into service below the shafts to drain the sector.
British soldiers of the 170th Tunneling Company established a listening system at the bottom of shaft 8bis which picked up sounds of activity in August 1917.
In early September there was an underground struggle in which the Germans were forced out of the mine.
Around midnight of 25–26 September 1917 the 38th German Pioneer Regiment poured about 8 tons of the suffocating gas chloropicrin into Mine 8, and carried by the ventilation systems the gas took under four hours to travel the to Mine 9 and the shaft of Mine 12.
The people around the base of Shaft 8 died, but those further away escaped via the ladders of Shaft 9.
After the attack a thick masonry wall was built in the main haulage gallery to isolate the sectors near shafts 8 and 8bis.
The Germans blew up the casing of Shaft 8 and the heads of Shafts 8 and 8bis.
The mine was reopened after the war, and finally closed in 1961.
Population
Sights
The church of St. Martin, rebuilt, as was the entire village, after World War I.
The Hohenzollern Redoubt, a German fortification on the Western Front in World War I.
See also
Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department
References
Sources
External links
History of the town
Communes of Pas-de-Calais
الأكاديمية اللبنانية للعلوم

الأكاديمية اللبنانية للعلوم (بالفرنسية: Académie des Sciences du Liban، وتعرف اختصارًا: ASL) هي مؤسسة أكاديمية وطنية أنشأت في 31 أغسطس 2007، يقع مقرها في الحدث، الجامعة اللبنانية مجمع رفيق الحريري الجامعي، كلية الطب في قضاء بعبدا. أنشأت الأكاديمية لتشجيع البحث العلمي والترويج نتائج الأبحاث وتقييمها.
التأسيس
اعتمد في تشكيل وتأسيس الأكاديمية اللبنانية للعلوم على خبرات الأكاديمية الفرنسية للعلوم، التي استضافت الاجتماع الأول للأكاديمية في باريس في 27 يونيو 2008. الاجتماع الأول للجنة التنفيذية عقد في بيروت في الفترة بين 29-31 أكتوبر من نفس العام. أعضاء الأكاديمية من العلماء اللبنانيين البارزين العاملين داخل وخارج لبنان، بالإضافة لعدد من العلماء الأجانب المتميزين، بما في ذلك بعض العلماء من ذوي الأصل البناني، أو الذين يحرصون على المساهمة في نمو العلوم في لبنان. يوفر جميع الأكاديميين في الأكاديمية خدماتهم تطوعا دون مقابل كخدمة عامة.
المهام
مساعدة الدولة اللبنانية (حكومة ومؤسسات عامة) لجهة تقديم المشورة لها بصورة مجانية في إطار تحديد السياسة الوطنية في حقل العلوم ووضع هذه السياسة موضع التنفيذ.
تشجيع البحث العلمي واتخاذ مبادرات لبرامج في الميادين العلمية وتحفيزها وتطويرها.
المساهمة في ترويج نتائج الأبحاث وتقييمها.
تسهيل التداول مع المؤسسات المماثلة أو ذات المهام المتشابهة في فرنسا وأوروبا والشرق الأوسط والعالم العربي وفي سائر أنحاء العالم.
منح جوائز ومكافآت لأشخاص تميزوا بشكل خاص في أعمالهم.
تحفيز المواهب العلمية لدى جميع اللبنانيين وبخاصة لدى الشباب والنساء.
المساهمة في تنمية الثقافة العلمية والتقريب بين العلوم والمجتمع، من خلال الاستجابة بالشكل الأمثل لحاجات الشعوب والاقتصاد، مع احترام البيئة ومتطلبات الإنماء المستديم.
المراجع
وصلات خارجية
الموقع الرسمي للأكاديمية
أكاديميات وطنية للعلوم
العلوم والتقنية في لبنان
تأسيسات سنة 2007 في لبنان
قوائم أعضاء الجمعيات العلمية
شارح (الطويلة)

شارح (الطويلة)
شارح هي إحدى قرى عزلة الضلاع الاسفل بمديرية الطويلة التابعة لمحافظة المحويت، بلغ تعداد سكانها 65 نسمة حسب تعداد اليمن لعام 2004.
مراجع وروابط خارجية
World Gazetteer:Yemen
الجهاز المركزي للإحصاء بالجمهورية اليمنية
المركز الوطني للمعلومات باليمن
قرى عزلة الضلاع الاسفل
قرى مديرية الطويلة
سجاد هاشمي

سجاد هاشمي من مواليد 21 أغسطس 1991 ولد في مدينة تبريز وهو عداء سباقات وهو حامل الرقم القياسي الإيراني السابق في سباق 400 م و 4 × 400 م.
مراجع
إيرانيون في القرن 21
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيو المسار والميدان في الألعاب الآسيوية 2010
رياضيو المسار والميدان في الألعاب الآسيوية 2014
رياضيون (الميدان والمضمار) شاركوا في دورة الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2012
رياضيون من تبريز
عداؤون سريعون ذكور إيرانيون
لاعبو قوى أولمبيون من إيران
منافسون في الألعاب الآسيوية من إيران
غواصة يو سي-105

غواصة يو سي-105
غواصة يو سي هي غواصة ألمانية من فئة يو سي 3 لزرع الألغام البحرية خدم في البحرية الإمبراطورية الألمانية خلال الحرب العالمية الأولى.
التصميم
البناء والوظيفي
تم طلب الغواصة في 12 يناير 1916 وأطلقت في 25 مايو 1918. تم تكليفها في البحرية الإمبراطورية الألمانية في 28 أكتوبر 1918 باسم يو سي-105. كما هو الحال مع بقية غواصات يو سي الفئة الثالثة المكتملة، لم تقم يو سي-105 بدوريات حربية ولم تغرق أي سفن. تم استسلامها في 22 نوفمبر 1918 وفككت في سوانسي في عام 1922.
المراجع
ملاحظات
اقتباسات
قائمة المراجع
سفن 1918
سفن بنيت في هامبورغ
صندوق معلومات سفينة بدون صورة
غواصات الحرب العالمية الأولى ألمانيا
Bonyad Kandi

Bonyad Kandi (also Romanized as Bonyād Kandī) is a village in Charuymaq-e Sharqi Rural District, Shadian District, Charuymaq County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 156, in 21 families.
References
Populated places in Charuymaq County
Willie Cook (footballer)

Willie Cook (footballer)
William Lindsay Cook (11 March 1903 – 1981) was a Scottish professional footballer. An outside left, he began his senior career with Forfar Athletic before joining Dundee in 1925. Cook spent much of his career with Football League club Bolton Wanderers, winning the FA Cup at the end of his first season in 1929, and eventually making 234 League appearances and scoring 35 goals. He later played for Blackpool and Reading before rejoining Dundee in 1939. After the club temporarily closed down due to the Second World War, Cook made several guest appearances for neighbours Dundee United during 1941 while he was stationed locally with the Royal Air Force.
While at Bolton, Cook won three caps for the Scotland national team.
References
1903 births
1981 deaths
Scottish men's footballers
Dundee North End F.C. players
Forfar Athletic F.C. players
Dundee F.C. players
Bolton Wanderers F.C. players
Blackpool F.C. players
Reading F.C. players
Footballers from Dundee
Men's association football outside forwards
English Football League players
Scottish Junior Football Association players
Scottish Football League players
Scottish Football League representative players
Scotland men's international footballers
Dundee United F.C. wartime guest players
Royal Air Force personnel of World War II
ماركوس كامبل (لاعب سنوكر)

ماركوس كامبل (لاعب سنوكر)
ماركوس كامبل هو لاعب سنوكر بريطاني، ولد في 22 سبتمبر 1972 في دمبارتون في المملكة المتحدة.
روابط خارجية
مراجع
رياضيون من دمبارتون
لاعبو سنوكر إسكتلنديون
مواليد 1968
مواليد 1972
تشارلي غيلمور (لاعب كرة قدم)

تشارلي غيلمور (لاعب كرة قدم)
تشارلي غيلمور هو لاعب كرة قدم بريطاني في مركز ، ولد في 11 فبراير 1999 في برايتون في المملكة المتحدة. لعب مع نادي أرسنال ونورويتش سيتي.
مراجع
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
إنجليز من أصل إسكتلندي
لاعبو الدوري الهولندي الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو تلستار
لاعبو دوري كرة القدم الإسكتلندي للمحترفين
لاعبو سانت جونستون
لاعبو كرة قدم إسكتلنديون
لاعبو كرة قدم إنجليز
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إسكتلنديون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إنجليز
لاعبو كرة قدم من برايتون
لاعبو منتخب إسكتلندا لكرة القدم للشباب
لاعبو منتخب إنجلترا لكرة القدم للشباب
لاعبو نادي آرسنال
لاعبو نادي إنفرنيس
لاعبو نورويتش سيتي
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
مواليد 1999
بوملال (آيت الربع)

بوملال (آيت الربع)
بوملال هو دُوَّار يقع بجماعة آيت سغروشن، إقليم تازة، جهة فاس مكناس في المملكة المغربية. ينتمي الدوّار لمشيخة آيت الربع التي تضم 14 دوار. يقدر عدد سكانه بـ 222 نسمة حسب الإحصاء الرسمي للسكان والسكنى لسنة 2004.
مراجع
روابط خارجية
البوابة الوطنية للجماعات الترابية
المندوبية السامية للتخطيط
أماكن مأهولة في آيت الربع (آيت سغروشن)
Eduardo de Lázzari

Eduardo de Lázzari
Eduardo Néstor de Lázzari (1944/1945 – 19 April 2021) was an Argentine lawyer and judge, justice president of the Supreme Court of Justice of Buenos Aires between 2004 and 2005, between 2012 and 2013, and from 24 April 2019 to 18 April 2020.
Biography
He graduated from the University of La Plata in 1967. He was the Secretary of security of the province of Buenos Aires during the Eduardo Duhalde governorship, until the assassination of journalist José Luis Cabezas and the subsequent protests forced him to resign in January 1997. He was named Justice of the Supreme Court of Justice of Buenos Aires in 1997 by Duhalde. In 2019 he had some controversies. Firstly, he had several disputes with then-provincial governor María Eugenia Vidal as he opposed the appointment of Sergio Torres as new justice of the Court at Vidal's proposal. Secondly, as then-head of the Provincial Electoral Board, he accepted some candidacies that were invalidated, being accused of being close to Kirchnerism.
de Lázzari submitted his resignation from the Court to the Governor of Buenos Aires Province Axel Kicillof in February 2021 after 24 years in the office and it was effective from 1 March 2021.
He died from COVID-19 in the Italian Hospital of La Plata on 19 April 2021, at the age of 76.
References
1940s births
2021 deaths
National University of La Plata alumni
20th-century Argentine judges
21st-century Argentine judges
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina
Lorenzo D'Anna

Lorenzo D'Anna (born 29 January 1972) is an Italian football manager and former player, last in charge as head coach of Serie C club Trento.
Playing career
D'Anna was a centre back, and was the captain of A.C. ChievoVerona of Serie A, with over 300 matches played for the flying donkeys. He played for Chievo from 1994 to 2007.
Before joining Chievo, D'Anna also played for Como, Pro Sesto and Fiorentina.
Coaching career
On 9 July 2013 he was appointed manager of Südtirol in Lega Pro Prima Divisione; and sacked the next October.
On 29 April 2018, he was promoted as head coach of Chievo after the sacking of Rolando Maran.
On 27 March 2022, D'Anna returned to management as the new head coach of Serie C club Trento. After completing the season and saving the club from relegation, he was confirmed in charge of the club for the 2022–23 season, but was sacked on 9 October 2022 due to negative results.
References
External links
1972 births
Living people
Footballers from the Province of Lecco
Italian men's footballers
Men's association football central defenders
Como 1907 players
ACF Fiorentina players
AC ChievoVerona players
Pro Sesto 1913 players
Piacenza Calcio 1919 players
Treviso FBC 1993 players
Serie A players
Serie B players
FC Südtirol managers
AC ChievoVerona managers
Serie A managers
Serie C managers
Italian football managers
Ossa de Montiel

Ossa de Montiel is a municipality in Albacete, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It has a population of 2,836 (2005).
The Lagunas de Ruidera are located within this town's municipal term.
Notable people
Óscar Sevilla, Spanish cyclist
Municipalities of the Province of Albacete
فرهادي (قلعة أصغر)

فرهادي (قلعة أصغر)
فرهادي هي قرية تقع في إيران في ناحية لاله زار.
انظر أيضاً
قائمة مدن إيران
مراجع
أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة بردسير
الكويكب 24519

الكويكب 24519، التعين المؤقت له الكويكب 2001CH. وهو كويكب من كويكبات طروادة ينتمي إلى كويكبات معسكر الإغريق اكتشف في سنة 2001.
كباقي كويكبات معسكر الإغريق يقع مداره في النقطة L4 من نقاط لاغرانج وفق نظام الشمس - المشتري. يبلغ القدر المطلق لهذا الكويكب 11.4 ونصف المحور الرئيسي لمداره 5.212 وحدة فلكية. وقد تم رصده 14 مرة حتى شباط/فبراير 2013. الإشارة المرجعية له وفق الملحق الدوري لمدارات الكويكبات هي MPO250449
المراجع
أجرام فلكية اكتشفت في 2001
كويكبات طروادة
كويكبات معسكر الإغريق
José R. Rodríguez

José R. Rodríguez (born March 1, 1948) is an American attorney and politician. He served as a Democratic member of the Texas State Senate, representing District 29 in El Paso, Texas from 2011 to 2021
Early life and education
Rodríguez was born to migrant laborer parents in Alice in Jim Wells County, Texas. From a young age, he worked alongside them in the fields to help support a family of nine.
Rodríguez graduated from the University of Texas - Pan American, then known as Pan American University, in Edinburg in South Texas. As an undergraduate in 1971, he served as student body president. He received his Juris Doctor degree from the George Washington University Law School in Washington, D.C. in 1974.
Legal career
Rodríguez began his legal career by working for the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development under the Ford and Carter administrations. He previously worked as staff attorney for Texas Rural Legal Aid, Inc., a statewide legal services program. For 17 years prior to his election to the Texas State Senate, Rodríguez served as the El Paso County Attorney.
Rodríguez's legal work has concentrated on education and community health, as well as funding for jobs and economic development.
Political career
In 2010, Rodríguez won the Democratic primary election with 69 percent of ballots cast. He won 60 percent of the vote in the general election for the seat vacated by the retiring Senator Eliot Shapleigh. In the next election in 2012, Rodríguez won 100 percent of the primary vote and in the general election held on November 2, he defeated Republican candidate Dan Chavez with 50,460 (60.2 percent) of the vote to Chavez's 33,303 (39.8 percent).
Rodríguez is an active legislator; in his freshman term, he proposed over 40 bills relating to education, health care, economic development, renewable energy, public safety and the courts, ethics and government transparency, and the military. For this effort, the online publication Capitol Inside awarded him the title of "Freshman MVP." Other awards include "Legislative Hero" by Texas Access to Justice Foundation; "Best of Senate" by the Combined Law Enforcement Association of Texas; and "Advocate of the Year, Elected Official" by Texas Association for Education of Young Children. In his second term, Rodríguez proposed 50 bills and two concurrent resolutions.
Rodriguez serves on several Senate committees: Agriculture (Vice-Chair), Natural Resources & Economic Development, Transportation, and Water & Rural Affairs. He announced his intention to retire and not seek reelection in 2020.
References
External links
State legislative page
Biography at Texas Tribune
Biography at Texas Directory
|-
1948 births
21st-century American politicians
George Washington University Law School alumni
Hispanic and Latino American state legislators in Texas
Living people
People from Alice, Texas
Politicians from El Paso, Texas
Texas lawyers
Democratic Party Texas state senators
University of Texas–Pan American alumni
Cyclooctane

Cyclooctane is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula (CH2)8. It is a simple colourless hydrocarbon, but it is often a reference compound for saturated eight-membered ring compounds in general.
Cyclooctane has a camphoraceous odor.
Conformations
The conformation of cyclooctane has been studied extensively using computational methods. Hendrickson noted that "cyclooctane is unquestionably the conformationally most complex cycloalkane owing to the existence of many conformers of comparable energy". The boat-chair conformation (below) is the most stable form. This conformation was confirmed by Allinger and co-workers. The crown conformation (below) is slightly less stable. Among the many compounds exhibiting the crown conformation (structure II) is S8, elemental sulfur.
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+
|
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="2" |Boat-chair
| colspan="2" |Crown
|-
|
|
|
|
|-
|Tub
|Boat-boat
|Twist boat-chair
|Twist chair-chair
|}
Synthesis and reactions
The main route to cyclooctane derivatives involves the dimerization of butadiene, catalysed by nickel(0) complexes such as nickel bis(cyclooctadiene). This process affords, among other products, 1,5-cyclooctadiene (COD), which can be hydrogenated. COD is widely used for the preparation of precatalysts for homogeneous catalysis. The activation of these catalysts under H2, produces cyclooctane, which is usually discarded or burnt:
C8H12 + 2 H2 → C8H16
Cyclooctane participates in no reactions except those typical of other saturated hydrocarbons, combustion and free radical halogenation. Work in 2009 on alkane functionalisation, using peroxides such as dicumyl peroxide, has opened up the chemistry to some extent, allowing for example the introduction of a phenylamino group.
References
Cycloalkanes
Hydrocarbon solvents
Eight-membered rings
Elizabeth Norton

Elizabeth Norton is a British historian specialising in the queens of England and the Tudor period. She obtained a Master of Arts in archaeology and anthropology from the University of Cambridge, being awarded a Double First Class degree, and a master's degree in European archaeology from the University of Oxford. She is the author of thirteen non-fiction books.
Biography
Norton grew up in Steyning, West Sussex, and attended Steyning Grammar School. She studied archaeology and anthropology at New Hall, Cambridge, and later completed a master's degree in European archaeology at Hertford College, Oxford.
She was a member of a university research group led by Jeremy Keenan to the Algerian Sahara which surveyed prehistoric rock art and travelled with the Tuareg people. The anthropologist Mary Ann Craig was also a member of this group. Norton has also carried out archaeological fieldwork in Hungary.
Her television appearances include Bloody Tales of the Tower (National Geographic), The Book Show (Sky Arts), Flog It! (BBC One) and BBC Breakfast (BBC One). She regularly appears as an expert on BBC London News and is often featured on radio, including The Robert Elms Show on BBC Radio London.
In 2019, she completed a Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Oxford. Her thesis was titled The Blount Family in the long Sixteenth century and she was supervised by Hannah Dawson and Laura Gowing.
Norton lives in Kingston upon Thames with her husband and sons.
Published works
Elizabeth Norton is the author of thirteen non-fiction works:
She Wolves, The Notorious Queens of England (The History Press, 2008)
Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII's Obsession (Amberley, 2008)
Jane Seymour, Henry VIII's True Love (Amberley, 2009)
Anne of Cleves, Henry VIII's Discarded Bride (Amberley, 2009)
Catherine Parr (Amberley, 2010);
Margaret Beaufort, Mother of the Tudor Dynasty (Amberley, 2010)
Anne Boleyn, In Her Own Words and the Words of Those Who Knew Her (Amberley, 2011)
England's Queens: The Biography (Amberley, 2011)
Bessie Blount (Amberley, 2011)
The Boleyn Women (Amberley, 2013)
Elfrida: The First Crowned Queen of England (Amberley, 2013)
The Tudor Treasury (Andre Deutsch, 2014)
The Temptation of Elizabeth Tudor (Head of Zeus, 2015)
The Hidden Lives of Tudor Women – a Social History (Pegasus, 2017)
She is also the author of a number of articles, including
"Anne of Cleves and Richmond Palace" (Surrey History, 2009)
"Scandinavian Influences in the Late Anglo-Saxon Sculpture of Sussex" (Sussex Archaeological Collections, 2009).
She regularly writes for history and family history magazines, including BBC History, Who Do You Think You Are? and Your Family Tree.
References
External links
Official website
1986 births
Living people
Alumni of Hertford College, Oxford
Alumni of New Hall, Cambridge
British women historians
British writers
English historians
People educated at Steyning Grammar School
People from Steyning
Farouk Abu Issa

Farouk Abu Issa (12 August 1933 – 12 April 2020) was a Sudanese politician and the Chairman of the National Consensus Forces.
Abu Issa attended Hantoub Secondary School and was involved in activism from a young age; he joined the Sudanese Communist Party in 1950. His father was a member of the political party Ashiqqa' and supported peace between Sudan and Egypt. Abu Issa graduated from Alexandria University with a degree in law in 1957 and subsequently joined the Egyptian Communist Party.
He was Sudanese Foreign Minister under Jaafar Nimeiry from 1969 to 1971. When the Sudanese Communist Party split from Nimeiry in 1970, Abu Issa withdrew from the party, though he continued to hold democratic sentiments. In 1983, he was elected as the Secretary General of the Arab Lawyers Union; he held this position until 2003. He fled to Egypt in 1989 after Omar al-Bashir overtook the government and stayed in exile until 2005 when the Comprehensive Peace Agreement was signed. He became the chairman of the National Consensus Forces' general council and held this position until his death in 2020.
In December 2014 he was arrested along with Amin Mekki Medani, held in Kobar Prison, and subsequently charged with undermining the constitutional system. He was released from prison two and a half weeks later and taken to a hospital in Khartoum due to rapidly deteriorating health.
References
1933 births
2020 deaths
Alexandria University alumni
Foreign ministers of Sudan
ليونارد فونتين

ليونارد فونتين (و. ) هو لاعب هوكي الجليد كندي، ولد في مدينة كيبك، توفي عن عمر يناهز 71 عاماً.
روابط خارجية
مراجع
أجنحة يمين هوكي جليد كنديون
أعلام هوكي جليد من كيبك
رياضيون من مدينة كيبك
لاعبو ديترويت رد وينجز
مواليد 1948
وفيات 2019
أعلام هوكي جليد من مدينة كيبك
آنا هاشيموتو

آنا هاشيموتو هي عازفة كلارينيت بريطانية، ولدت في 1 يونيو 1989 في اليابان.
مراجع
بريطانيون من أصل ياباني
خريجو الأكاديمية الملكية الموسيقية
مواليد 1989
موسيقيون كلاسيكيون بريطانيون
موسيقيون كلاسيكيون يابانيون
يابانيون مهاجرون إلى المملكة المتحدة