PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
Mohammad Hasan Khalil al-Hakim

Mohammad Hasan Khalil al-Hakim alias Abu Jihad al-Masri (died October 31, 2008) was purported by US authorities to operate in Iran as the head of media and propaganda for al-Qaeda, and "may also [have been] the Chief of External Operations for al Qaeda". The name Abu Jihad is an informal or assumed name meaning roughly "father of the struggle", and al-Masri simply means the Egyptian. He was killed in a US airstrike in Pakistan on October 31, 2008.
Al-Hakim was the person who appeared in an August 2006 as-Sahab (al-Qaeda) video to announce the merger of al-Qaeda with part of the Egyptian caliphist group al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya. He is identified in that video as Muhammad Khalil Hasan al-Hukaymah and more briefly as Muhammad Khalil al-Hukaymah and as Abu Jihad al-Masri. In that video al-Hukaymah is introduced by Ayman al-Zawahiri, who is also Egyptian and who was the leader of the rival group al-Jihad al-Islami. The video claims that al-Hukaymah joined al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya in 1979 and was arrested in connection with the assassination of Egyptian president Anwar Al Sadat in 1981, and subsequently rearrested several times in various countries. Zawahiri claims in that video that Muhammad al-Islambouli (brother of assassin Khalid al-Islambouli) had joined al-Qaeda with al-Hukaymah. Other al-Qaeda propaganda claims that al-Hukaymah worked with Refai Ahmed Taha (former Gama'a leader and affiliate of al-Zawahiri), but that is uncorroborated.
Al-Hakim authored several books and short pamphlets on the topic of jihad. Myth of Delusion, an analysis of the American intelligence community, was released in August 2006. In September of the same year, a short piece entitled Towards A New Strategy in Resisting the Occupier was posted to the defunct jihadist website www.althabeton.co.nr. This essay, while supporting continued large scale operations against Americans in Iraq and Israelis in Palestine, also encourages "individual jihads" involving only small groups or individuals using constant low-level violence to disrupt "occupying forces." Al-Hakim also stresses the need to consider public opinion in planning operations, discouraging beheadings or operations that can cause large scale casualties to innocent Muslims.
Al-Hakim is also claimed by Al Arabiya Institute for Studies to be Abu Bakr Naji, the author of the 2004 e-book Management of Savagery: The Most Critical Stage Through Which the Ummah Will Pass. The book was aimed to provide a strategy that al-Qaeda and other jihadists could follow to create a new Islamic caliphate.
On 1 November 2008 AFP quoted an unnamed senior Pakistani intelligence source saying that al-Hakim was killed in the previous day's drone strike on a car in North Waziristan.
See also
The Myth of Delusion
References
Further reading
Al‐Qa’ida’s Spymaster Analyzes the U.S. Intelligence Community by Brian Fishman, 6 November 2006; a brief military-academic study of al-Hukaymah's book The Myth of Delusion
The Management of Savagery English Translation
Egyptian al-Qaeda members
2008 deaths
Assassinated al-Qaeda leaders
Deaths by United States drone strikes in Pakistan
Egyptian expatriates in Pakistan
William A. Conway (banker)

William A. Conway (banker)
William A. Conway (April 16, 1910 – March 31, 2006) was a Wall Street messenger boy who rose to CEO of Garden State National Bank ("Garden State"), but he is best remembered for his efforts working as an activist shareholder of behalf of minority stockholders of Garden State during the late 1970s. As a dissident member of the board, his independent efforts to block a merger he viewed as unfair to certain minority shareholders is often compared to the shareholder rights efforts undertaken in recent years by certain hedge funds.
Conway was born in Newark, but resided for much of his life in Chatham, New Jersey and Summit, New Jersey.
Conway attended the Pingry School in Elizabeth, New Jersey but did not graduate due to a bout with rheumatic fever that sidelined him for several months.
Though Conway never finished high school, he started work as an errand boy on Wall Street and later began what turned out to be an illustrious banking career. Moving on to the Hudson County National Bank in Jersey City, New Jersey, Conway rose from an entry-level clerk position, ultimately becoming president of the bank, leading it through a period of technological change and mergers.
In the case of the 1978 proposed merger between Garden State and National State Bank of Elizabeth, Garden State's majority investor, Warner Communications, would have received a larger percentage of cash than the minority shareholders.
Originally supported by Warner Communications CEO Steve Ross (Time Warner CEO) and by Garden State's CEO, Charles A. Agemian, who was also on the board of Warner Communications, the transaction was ultimately defeated after Conway waged an independent effort via the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency which ultimately blocked the merger by placing conditions on the merger application that Agemian viewed as unrealistic.
Following that failed transaction, Conway staged a successful proxy fight for a seat on the board of directors of Garden State. Garden State ultimately merged in 1980 with Fidelity Union Bancorporation of Newark (which later became part of Wachovia).
He died on March 31, 2006, aged 95.
References
1910 births
2006 deaths
American bankers
Businesspeople from Newark, New Jersey
People from Summit, New Jersey
Pingry School alumni
20th-century American businesspeople
إيمرسون هارينجتون

إيمرسون هارينجتون هو محامي وسياسي أمريكي، ولد في 26 مارس 1864 في مقاطعة دورشيستر في الولايات المتحدة، وتوفي في 15 ديسمبر 1945 في كامبريدج في الولايات المتحدة. حزبياً، نشط في الحزب الديمقراطي. وقد انتخب .
مراجع
أسقفيون أمريكيون
أشخاص من مقاطعة دورشيستر (ماريلاند)
حكام ولايات أمريكية من الحزب الديمقراطي
حكام ولاية ماريلند
ديمقراطيون من ولاية ماريلند
مواليد 1864
وفيات 1945
Elena Wassen

Elena Wassen (born 1 November 2000) is a German competitive diver.
She competed at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships.
At the 2016 Summer Olympics, she competed in the women's 10 metre platform event. She finished 17th in the semifinal and did not advance to the final.
She was the youngest member of the German Olympic team.
See also
Germany at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships
References
External links
German female divers
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
2000 births
Divers at the 2015 European Games
Divers at the 2023 European Games
European Games gold medalists for Germany
European Games silver medalists for Germany
European Games bronze medalists for Germany
European Games medalists in diving
Divers at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic divers for Germany
Divers at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics
Divers at the 2020 Summer Olympics
People from Eschweiler
Sportspeople from Cologne (region)
21st-century German women
Serbia women's national rugby sevens team

Serbia women's national rugby sevens team
The Serbia women's national rugby sevens team represents Serbia in international rugby sevens competitions and is controlled by Serbian rugby federation. Serbia currently competes in European B division.
External links
Serbian rugby federation
FIRA-AER website, B division teams
Rugby union in Serbia
r
Women's national rugby sevens teams
Colby Miller

Colby Miller (born February 19, 1980) is an MTV VJ for MTV Asia. He began his career as an MTV VJ after winning the Philippine MTV VJ Hunt 2005.
Biography
Early life
Miller was born in Spanaway, Washington. He graduated in 2004 from Central Washington University with a degree in Biology. He was born to an American father of German and Irish descent and a Filipino mother.
Career
Miller began his career as an MTV VJ after winning the Philippine MTV VJ Hunt 2005. He also won the first ever ASEAN MTV VJ Hunt held in Bali, Indonesia, where he competed against other winners of MTV VJ Hunts from around the region. Colby is currently based in Singapore where he hosts for MTV Asia in shows such as Pop Inc.
Personal life
Miller enjoys basketball, hiking, outdoor activities as well as visiting the gym. He is also the brother of Troy Montero and KC Montero.
Television series
2004: MTV Supahstar: The Supahsearch
References
1980 births
Living people
American people of Irish descent
American people of German descent
American people of Filipino descent
Filipino people of American descent
Filipino people of German descent
Filipino people of Irish descent
Participants in Philippine reality television series
VJs (media personalities)
People from Spanaway, Washington
Mustafa Mashhur

Mustafa Mashhur (15 September 1921 – 29 October 2002) was the fifth General Guide (leader) of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood. He was the official head of the Muslim Brotherhood organization from 1996 until 2002, although outside observers have suggested that he informally ran the organization during the ten-year term of his predecessor Muhammad Hamid Abu al-Nasr as well.
In 1995, Mashhur published “Jihad Is The Way”, the last of a five-volume work titled “The Laws of Da’wa.” Da’wa means to “summon” others to Islam, essentially a form of proselytizing to non-Muslims. “Jihad Is The Way” detailed Mashhur’s views as to how the Muslim Brotherhood determined to advance Islam's global conquest, to reestablish an Islamic Caliphate, and to infuse all Muslims with a sense of duty to wage jihad (battle) against Israel.
Mashhur died on 29 October 2002 and he was succeeded by Ma'mun al-Hudaybi, who was the son of Hassan al-Hudaybi, the second General Guide of the Muslim Brotherhood.
References
1921 births
2002 deaths
Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood leaders
People from Sharqia Governorate
إزرائيل كروسبي

إزرائيل كروسبي هو عازف جاز أمريكي، ولد في 19 يناير 1919 في شيكاغو في الولايات المتحدة، وتوفي بنفس المكان في 11 أغسطس 1962.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أفارقة أمريكيون في القرن 20
رجال أمريكيون أفارقة في القرن 20
مواليد 1919
موسيقيو جاز ذكور
موسيقيو جاز ذكور أمريكيون
موسيقيو جاز من إلينوي
موسيقيون أفارقة أمريكيون
موسيقيون أمريكيون أفارقة في القرن 20
موسيقيون أمريكيون في القرن 20
موسيقيون ذكور أمريكيون في القرن 20
موسيقيون من شيكاغو
وفيات 1962
موسيقيو جاز قيثارة مزدوجة
باتريك هيرون

باتريك هيرون هو مؤلف أيرلندي، ولد في 2 فبراير 1952 في دبلن في جمهورية أيرلندا، وتوفي بنفس المكان في 2 يناير 2014.
مراجع
أشخاص من دبلن
خريجو كلية ترينيتي (دبلن)
كتاب دينيون أيرلنديون
كتاب مسيحيون
كتاب من دبلن
كتاب وكاتبات أيرلنديون
مسيحيون أيرلنديون
مواليد 1952
وفيات 2014
Les Burgraves

Les Burgraves is a historical play by Victor Hugo, first performed by the Comédie-Française on 7 March 1843. It takes place along the Rhine and features the return of Emperor Barbarossa. The play failed commercially and was the last of Hugo's plays to be produced in his lifetime. It was the subject of an orchestral overture by the composer Guillaume Lekeu in 1890.
The play is associated thematically with Hugo's Le Rhin, an essayistic book about the Rhine; both were inspired by a trip along the river Hugo took with Juliette Drouet. Les Burgraves was published with a preface indicating that its depiction of a united Germany was part of a larger vision of a united Europe in which France would play a central role.
References
External links
1843 plays
Plays by Victor Hugo
Plays set in the 12th century
Plays set in Germany
Cultural depictions of Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor
لاجئو الروهينغا في الهند

لاجئو الروهينغا في الهند
بعد عقود من الاضطهاد العرقي والديني في ميانمار الذي بلغ أوجه في حملة الإبادة الجماعية التي شنها الجيش عام 2017، اضطر مئات آلاف الروهينغا المسلمين للجوء في دول أخرى، بما في ذلك ماليزيا وإندونيسيا والهند. يعيش حوالي 40 ألف لاجئ من الروهينجا في مدن ومناطق مختلفة في الهند. وهم يعيشون قلقا كبيرا خشية إعادتهم إلى ميانمار.
احصاءات
يعيش حوالي 40,000 لاجئ من الروهينغا في مخيمات وأحياء فقيرة في مدن ومناطق مختلفة في الهند، بما في ذلك جامو وحيدر أباد ونوح ودلهي، ومعظمهم لا يحملون وثائق. لجأ 5000 من الروهينغيا إلى جامو بعد الحملة العسكرية على مسلمي الروهينغيا عام 2017، حيث يعيشون في منازل مؤقتة أو أكواخ.
اعتقالات جامو
بعد حملة القمع العسكري ضد مسلمي الروهينغيا في عام 2017، لجأ ما يقرب من 5000 من الروهينغيا إلى جامو. في عام 2021، احتجزت السلطات في جامو أكثر من 160 لاجئًا بهدف ترحيلهم إلى ميانمار. أثارت عائلات هؤلاء اللاجئين مخاوف بشأن الظروف الخطيرة في ميانمار، لا سيما في أعقاب انقلاب ميانمار عام 2021.
بعد وصول حزب بهاراتيا جاناتا إلى السلطة في عام 2014، نمت المشاعر المعادية للروهينغيا في الهند، حيث حث قادة الحزب على طرد الروهينغيا من البلاد. وكان هناك تصاعد في أعمال العنف ضد المسلمين. وفي جامو ومناطق أخرى، كان هناك ما لا يقل عن أربعة حرائق منفصلة في مخيمات الروهينجا في عام 2021. بعد اندلاع حريق في مخيم للروهينجا في العاصمة نيودلهي في عام 2018، اعترف زعيم شباب من حزب بهاراتيا جاناتا بإضرام النار في الأكواخ على تويتر، قائلاً: «أحسنتم أبطالنا … نعم، لقد أحرقنا منازل إرهابيي الروهينجا».
تصدر المفوضية السامية للأمم المتحدة لشؤون اللاجئين في الهند بطاقات هوية للاجئين المسجلين بهدف حمايتهم من الاعتقال والترحيل التعسفي.
غير أن الهند تقول إنها لا تعترف بهذه البطاقات وقد رفضت ما تقوله الأمم المتحدة من أن ترحيل الروهينجا يعرضهم للخطر. وهذه البطاقات لا توفر حماية من الاحتجاز وأنها تعمل فقط لتوفير الوصول إلى الخدمات. وفي أحسن الأحوال، تحمي من الإجراءات العقابية.
أطلق قادة حزب بهاراتيا جاناتا حملات تطالب بطرد جميع الروهينغيا.
أنظر أيضا
حريق مخيم اللاجئين الروهينجا
أزمة لاجئي الروهينجا عام 2015
مراجع
روهينغيا
لاجئون في الهند
معهد الإمارات للدراسات المصرفية والمالية

معهد الإمارات للدراسات المصرفية والمالية هو مؤسسة تعليمية تأسست عام 1983، يقدم معهد الإمارات برامج تعليمية ودورات تدريبية وخدمات مصرفية ومالية عالمية في مراكزه الثلاثة في الشارقة، أبوظبي، ودبي.
المعهد يقدم خدمات تعليمية عديدة منها: البكالوريوس في العلوم المصرفية والمالية، الدبلوم في العلوم المصرفية، الدبلوم المصرفي الإسلامي، والعديد من الدراسات والدورات التدريبية المتعلقة بمجال البنوك والتأمين.
المراجع
إمارة الشارقة
التعليم في أبو ظبي
تأسيسات سنة 1983 في الإمارات العربية المتحدة
جامعات وكليات في إمارة دبي
جامعات وكليات في الشارقة
مبان ومنشآت في أبو ظبي
مبان ومنشآت في الشارقة
مبان ومنشآت في دبي
Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health

Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health
The Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health is a bimonthly peer-reviewed healthcare journal covering midwifery and women's health. It is the official journal of the American College of Nurse-Midwives. It was previously known as Journal of Nurse-Midwifery, and was published by Elsevier.
See also
Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing
List of nursing journals
References
External links
Women's health nursing journals
English-language journals
Wiley (publisher) academic journals
Bimonthly journals
Academic journals established in 1955
Pediatric nursing journals
Academic journals associated with learned and professional societies
1955 establishments in the United States
انتحاء مائي

انتحاء مائي أو التَّأَوُّدُ الرُّطُوبِيُّ وهي استجابة للنبات في النمو، ويتم تحديد اتجاه النمو من خلال تحفيز أو تدرج في تركيز الماء. ومن الأمثلة شيوعا هو جذر النباتات التي تنمو في الهواء الرطب حيث تنحني لأعلى مستوى من الرطوبة النسبية.
مراجع
انتحاء
حركة الأكسين
توم شيبرد

توم شيبرد (5 ديسمبر 1889 - 13 فبراير 1957) هو لاعب كريكت بريطاني (وحمل سابقاً جنسية المملكة المتحدة لبريطانيا العظمى وأيرلندا). شارك مع منتخب إنجلترا للكريكت.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
لاعبو كريكت من سري
لاعبو كريكت إنجليز
مواليد 1889
وفيات 1957
لاعبو كريكت إنجليز في 1919 إلى 1945
Long ciliary nerves

Long ciliary nerves
The long ciliary nerves are 2-3 nerves that arise from the nasociliary nerve (itself a branch of the ophthalmic branch (CN V1) of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)). They enter the eyeball to provide sensory innervation to parts of the eye, and sympathetic visceral motor innervation to the dilator pupillae muscle.
Anatomy
Origin
The long ciliary nerves branch from the nasociliary nerve as it crosses the optic nerve (CN II).
Course
Accompanied by the short ciliary nerves, the long ciliary nerves pierce and enter the posterior part of the sclera near where it is entered by the optic nerve, then run anterior-ward between the sclera and the choroid.
Function
The long ciliary nerves are distributed to the ciliary body, iris, and cornea.
Sensory
The long ciliary nerves provide sensory innervation to the eyeball, including the cornea.
Sympathetic
The long ciliary nerves contain post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion for the dilator pupillae muscle. The sympathetic fibers to the dilator pupillae muscle mainly travel in the nasociliary nerve but there are also sympathetic fibers in the short ciliary nerves that pass through the ciliary ganglion without forming synapses.
See also
Short ciliary nerves
Additional images
References
External links
Ophthalmic nerve
Tony Smith (footballer, born 1957)

Tony Smith (footballer, born 1957)
Anthony Smith (born 20 February 1957) is an English former footballer who played as a central defender in The Football League in the 1970s and 1980s.
He was born in Sunderland but joined Newcastle United as a youth, and made his senior debut as a substitute for Nigel Walker against Wolverhampton Wanderers on 12 November 1977. He started the next match at home to Arsenal, but was not able to make any more senior appearances in a struggling team. Smith was transferred to Peterborough United in March 1979.
Smith quickly made his debut for Peterborough, in a Football League Third Division match against Swansea City on 10 March 1979, with his first goal following a fortnight later against Plymouth Argyle. His first cup game came early the following season, a Football League Cup match against Blackpool on 5 September 1979. His final game for The Posh was at the end of the 1981–82 season against Wigan Athletic. In all he made 68 Football League appearances for the club (75 in all senior competitions).
Smith then moved to join Halifax Town and after 83 league matches for them he signed for Hartlepool United, first playing a league game for them in the 1984–85 season. He made 200 league appearances for Hartlepool, with his final league game played in the 1988–89 season.
References
1957 births
Footballers from Sunderland
Men's association football defenders
English Football League players
Newcastle United F.C. players
Peterborough United F.C. players
Halifax Town A.F.C. players
Hartlepool United F.C. players
Living people
English men's footballers
بساتين (ناي بند)

بساتين (ناي بند)
بساتین هي قرية تقع في إيران في قسم ناي بند الريفي. يقدر عدد سكانها بـ 1244 نسمة بحسب إحصاء 2016.
انظر أيضاً
قائمة مدن إيران
مراجع
أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة عسلوية
Sumatran clouded leopard

Sumatran clouded leopard
The Sumatran clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi diardi) is a subspecies of the Sunda clouded leopard and is native to the Indonesian islands of Sumatra and Batu. It differs in molecular, craniomandibular and dental characteristics from the Bornean clouded leopard. It was recognized as a valid subspecies in 2017.
Distribution and habitat
It was recorded in Sumatra's Kerinci Seblat, Gunung Leuser and Bukit Barisan Selatan National Parks.
Evolution
The Sumatran clouded leopard is estimated to have diverged from the Bornean clouded leopard in the Late Pleistocene, between 400 and 120 thousand years ago. Land bridges that were created due to low sea levels in the Late Pleistocene were submerged by rising sea levels, resulting in the Sumatran clouded leopard becoming separated from the mainland population at this time.
See also
Big cat
Sumatran tiger
Sunda Islands
References
External links
Neofelis
Endemic fauna of Indonesia
Fauna of Sumatra
Mammals of Indonesia
Vulnerable fauna of Asia
Subspecies
Taxa named by Georges Cuvier
Jimmy Coco

Jimmy Coco (born 28 November 1972) is a retired French hurdler who specialized in the 400 metres hurdles.
He competed at the 1995 World Championships, the 1997 World Championships, the 1997 Summer Universiade and the 1998 European Championships without reaching the final. He also took a silver medal in the 4 x 400 metres relay at the 1997 Mediterranean Games.
He became French champion in 1995 and 1998.
His personal best time was 49.29 seconds, achieved in June 1998 in Saint-Denis.
References
1972 births
Living people
French male hurdlers
World Athletics Championships athletes for France
Mediterranean Games silver medalists for France
Mediterranean Games medalists in athletics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1997 Mediterranean Games
Youssef Hourany

Youssef Hourany (1931 – 19 October 2019) was a Lebanese writer, archeologist and historian. Hourany received his diploma in philosophy, from the Lebanese University, and his PhD on the ancient philosophy of history from The Université Saint-Esprit de Kaslik.
Hourany taught ancient history in the Université Saint-Esprit de Kaslik from 1970 to 1977, and from 1977 to 1995 he taught philosophy and archeology in the Lebanese University, then he retired with professor grade. He kept writing books and publishing research until 2017.
Family
Hourany had five children: Monique, Dominique, Marwan, Dania and Lotof.
Bibliography
Books Published in Arabic
Man is not a Crowd, Al Hayat Library, Beirut 1956
Man and Civilization (Introduction, 2nd ed., Al Assriyat Library, Saida 1973
Lebanon in the Value of its History (Phoenician Era), 2nd ed., An-Nahar Publishing House, Beirut 1992
Mentality Structure of The Ancient Civilizations in the Mediterranean East, end ed., An-Nahar Publishing House, Beirut 1992
Ethics of Wisdom in the Babylonian Cultural Heritage, An-Nahar Publishing House, Beirut 1994
Cana of Galilee in South Lebanon, (Arabic, English & French), ed. By Ministry of Tourism, Beirut 1994
The Unknown and the Neglected History of South Lebanon, ed. Al Hadatha, Beirut 1999
The unknown History of the Phoenicians through Philon of Byblos and Sanchoniathon of Beirut, ed. Assakafa Publishing House, Beirut 1999
The Epic of Beirut Maymoonat, of the Poet Nonnus, Assakafa Publishing House, Beirut 1999
Heritage from Lebanon, ed. Al Hadatha, Beirut 2003
Unknown Chapters of Arabs’ History and Language, ed. Al Hadatha, Beirut 2010
Historical readings to meditate ed. Al-hadatha Beirut 2011
Source:
Research
Discovery of Yarmouta, an ancient Phoenician city that disappeared off the coast of today's Lebanon some 3,300 years ago.
Jabal 'Amelat The History Through Eponyms In South Lebanon B.C.
References
External links
1931 births
2019 deaths
20th-century Lebanese historians
21st-century Lebanese historians
Historians of the Middle East
Academic staff of Lebanese University
Lebanese University alumni
مقاطعة إشكاشم

مقاطعة إشكاشم /) هي مقاطعة أفغانية في ولاية بدخشان. عاصمتها مدينة إشكاشم. يُطلق على سكان المقاطعة اسم الطاجيك ويتحدث بعضهم لغة الإيشكاشيمي. يبلغ عدد سكان المنطقة حوالي 11000 نسمة.
تقع مقاطعة إشكاشم على طول الحدود الدولية بين أفغانستان وطاجيكستان، حيث توجد مستوطنة تحمل نفس الاسم: .
انظر أيضًا
مقاطعات أفغانستان
ولاية بدخشان
المراجع
مقاطعات ولاية بدخشان
أماكن مأهولة في ولاية بدخشان
جميع المقالات التي بها عبارات بحاجة لمصادر