John Forbes (Portuguese general)

John Forbes (Portuguese general)
John Forbes, also known in Portuguese as João Forbes (1719 or 1733–1808), of Skellater, usually known as Forbes-Skellater, was a Scottish general in the Portuguese service.
Life
Forbes was the only son of George (Jorge) of Skellater in Aberdeenshire, a branch of the Forbes of Corse.
He entered the army when a boy of fifteen as a volunteer at the siege of Maestricht, and was successful in winning a commission. He was essentially a soldier of fortune, and when Portugal applied to Britain for officers to reorganise her army under the Count of Lippe Buckeburg, he was one of the first to volunteer.
Promoted to lieutenant in 1747, and to captain in 1756. Forbes remained in Portugal after the termination of the Seven Years' War (1756–1763); as a Roman Catholic who had married a Portuguese lady, he had no difficulty in getting employment.
He took part in the defense of Portugal during the failed Franco-Spanish invasions of Portugal in 1762.
In 1763, Count Lippe gave him command of a company of Grenadiers in the Peniche Regiment, a great honour as these companies were then an elite corps. In 1766 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel of that regiment and the following year to full colonel of the Almeida Cavalry Regiment. In 1773 he was transferred to the Elvas Regiment. In 1775 he was promoted to brigadier, whilst retaining the colonelcy and command of the Bragança Cavalry Regiment.
In 1778 he was appointed military governor of the province of Beira.
He served for many years as adjutant-general of the Portuguese army, but at last, in 1789, he was asked to resign, the object of some jealousy of the Portuguese officers. In 1793 he was made a knight of the order of Aviz, and promoted to lieutenant general.
When Portugal decided to join the French Revolutionary Wars, Forbes was given command, replacing the Marquis de Minas, his old commander in the 1762 campaigns, who had fallen ill of the 5,000-strong division which, together with a 22-gun brigade of Artillery, was sent as an expeditionary force to assist the Spanish army in the War of the Pyrenees (1793–1795). Setting sail from the estuary of the Tagus towards the end of September 1793, the expedition, accompanied by several high-ranking volunteers, including Admiral Domingos Xavier de Lima, 7th Marquis of Nice; Hugh Percy, 2nd Duke of Northumberland and the Prince de Montmorency, arrived at Roses on 9 November.
On 27–29 November 1807, Forbes accompanied Queen Mary I, the prince regent, and the court when they fled from the forces led by Jean-Andoche Junot which entered Lisbon. On arrival in Brazil, he was appointed military governor of Rio de Janeiro on 2 April 1808, a few days before he died, on 8 April 1808.
Notes
References
Recipients of the Order of Aviz
18th-century Scottish people
18th-century Portuguese people
19th-century Scottish people
19th-century Portuguese people
Scottish Roman Catholics
18th-century Roman Catholics
19th-century Roman Catholics
Scottish soldiers
Scottish mercenaries
1733 births
1808 deaths
Military personnel from Aberdeenshire
Scottish expatriates in Portugal
Portuguese people of Scottish descent
18th-century Portuguese military personnel
19th-century Portuguese military personnel
British expatriates in Brazil