Indigofera

Indigofera is a large genus of over 750 species of flowering plants belonging to the pea family Fabaceae. They are widely distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
Description
Indigofera is a varied genus that has shown unique characteristics making it an interesting candidate as a potential perennial crop. Specifically, there is diverse variation among species with a number of unique characteristics. Some examples of this diversity include differences in pericarp thickness, fruit type, and flowering morphology. The unique characteristics it has displayed include potential for mixed smallholder systems with at least one other species and a resilience that allows for constant nitrogen uptake despite varying conditions.
Tree
Species of Indigofera are mostly shrubs, though some are small trees or herbaceous perennials or annuals. The branches are covered with silky hairs. Most of them have pinnate leaves made of three foliolates with short petioles.
Small flowers grow in the leaf axils from long peduncles or spikes, their petals come in hues of red or purple, but there are a few greenish-white and yellow-flowered species. Indigofera flowers have open carpels, their organ primordial is often formed at deeper layers than other eudicots. This variety could have significant implications on its role in an actual perennial polyculture. For example, different flowering morphologies could be artificially selected for in varying directions in order to better fit in different environmental conditions and with different populations of other plants.
Fruit
The fruit is a long, cylindrical legume pod of varying size and shape.
The types of fruit produced by different species of Indigofera can also be divided into broad categories that again show great variation. The three basic types of fruit categories can be separated by their curvature including straight, slightly curved, and falcate (sickle-shaped). In addition, several of the species including Indigofera microcarpa, Indigofera suffruticosa, and Indigofera enneaphylla have shown delayed dehiscence (maturing) of fruits This variation could again allow for artificial selection of the most abundant and nutritious fruit types and shapes.
Another way to categorize Indigofera is by its pericarp thickness. The pericarp (the tissue from the ovary that surrounds the seeds) can be categorized as type I, type II, and type III with type I having the thinnest pericarp and fewest layers of schlerenchymatous (stiff) tissue and type III having the thickest pericarp and most schlerenchymatous layers. Despite the previous examples of delayed dehiscence, most fruits of this genus show normal explosive dehiscence to disperse seeds. Similar to fruit shape, the variation in fruit sizes allows for the thickest and most bountiful fruits to be selected.
Uses
Indigo dye
Several species, especially Indigofera tinctoria and Indigofera suffruticosa, are used to produce the dye indigo. Scraps of Indigo-dyed fabric likely dyed with plants from the genus Indigofera discovered at Huaca Prieta predate Egyptian indigo-dyed fabrics by more than 1,500 years. Colonial planters in the Caribbean grew indigo and transplanted its cultivation when they settled in the colony of South Carolina and North Carolina where people of the Tuscarora confederacy adopted the dyeing process for head wraps and clothing. Exports of the crop did not expand until the mid-to late 18th century. When Eliza Lucas Pinckney and enslaved Africans successfully cultivated new strains near Charleston it became the second most important cash crop in the colony (after rice) before the American Revolution. It comprised more than one-third of all exports in value.
The chemical aniline, from which many important dyes are derived, was first synthesized from Indigofera suffruticosa (syn. Indigofera anil, whence the name aniline).
In Indonesia, the Sundanese use Indigofera tinctoria (known locally as tarum or nila) as dye for batik. Marco Polo was the first to report on the preparation of indigo in India. Indigo was quite often used in European easel painting during the Middle Ages.
Species
Indigofera comprises the following species:
Palaeotropical clade
Indigofera argentea Burm.f.
Indigofera atriceps Hook.f.
subsp. atriceps Hook.f.
subsp. glandulosissima (R.E.Fr.) J.B.Gillett
subsp. kaessneri (Baker f.) J.B.Gillett
subsp. ramosa (Cronquist) J.B.Gillett
subsp. rhodesiaca J.B.Gillett
subsp. setosissima (Harms) J.B.Gillett
subsp. ufipaensis J.B.Gillett
Indigofera bainesii Baker
Indigofera basiflora J.B.Gillett
Indigofera biglandulosa J.B.Gillett
Indigofera bracteolata DC.
Indigofera brevicalyx Baker f.
Indigofera brevipatentes
Indigofera colutea (Burm.f.) Merr.—rusty indigo, sticky indigo
Indigofera compressa Lam.
Indigofera congesta Baker
Indigofera demissa Taub.
Indigofera eremophila Thulin
Indigofera erythrogramma Baker
Indigofera gairdnerae Baker f.
Indigofera glabra L.
Indigofera grata E.Mey.
Indigofera hermannioides J.B.Gillett
Indigofera heterotricha DC.
Indigofera heudelotii Baker
Indigofera hilaris Eckl. & Zeyh.
var. hilaris Eckl. & Zeyh.
var. microscypha (Baker) J.B. Gillett
Indigofera inhambanensis Klotzsch
Indigofera kirkii Oliv.
Indigofera leucotricha E.Pritzel
Indigofera macrocalyx Guill. & Perr.
Indigofera microcalyx Baker
Indigofera mildbraediana J.B.Gillett
Indigofera mimosoides Baker
Indigofera monantha Baker f.
Indigofera mooneyi Thulin
Indigofera montoya Spanish Indigo
Indigofera mysorensis DC.
Indigofera nebrowniana J.B.Gillett
Indigofera nigritana Hook.f.
Indigofera nyassica Gilli
Indigofera omissa J.B.Gillett
Indigofera paniculata Pers.
subsp. gazensis (Baker f.) J.B.Gillett
subsp. paniculata Pers.
Indigofera phymatodea Thulin
Indigofera podophylla Harv.
Indigofera poliotes Eckl. & Zeyh.
Indigofera pulchra Willd.
Indigofera quarrei Cronquist
Indigofera rothii Baker
Indigofera rubroglandulosa Germish.
Indigofera simplicifolia Lam.
Indigofera strobilifera (Hochst.) Baker
subsp. lanuginosa (Baker f.) J.B.Gillett
subsp. strobilifera (Hochst.) Baker
Indigofera suaveolens Jaub. & Spach
Indigofera tanganyikensis Baker f.
Indigofera tetrasperma Pers.
Indigofera trachyphylla Oliv.
Indigofera uniflora Roxb.
Indigofera vohemarensis Baill.
Indigofera wightii Wight & Arn.
Indigofera wituensis Baker f.
Pantropical clade
Indigofera amblyantha Craib
Indigofera amorphoides Jaub. & Spach
Indigofera arrecta A.Rich.—Natal indigo, Bengal indigo, Java indigo
Indigofera articulata Gouan
Indigofera astragalina DC.
Indigofera atropurpurea Hornem.
Indigofera australis Willd.—Australian indigo
Indigofera baumiana Harms
Indigofera binderi Kotschy
Indigofera blanchetiana Benth.
Indigofera bojeri Baker
Indigofera boranica Thulin
Indigofera bosseri Du Puy & Labat
Indigofera boviperda Morrison
Indigofera byobiensis Hosok.
Indigofera caloneura Kurz
Indigofera caroliniana Mill.—Carolina indigo
Indigofera cassioides DC.
Indigofera cavallii Chiov.
Indigofera coerulea Roxb.
var. coerulea Roxb.
var. monosperma (Santapau) Santapau
var. occidentalis J.B.Gillett & Ali
Indigofera conzattii Rose
Indigofera cuernavacana Rose
Indigofera cylindracea Baker
Indigofera decora Lindl.—Chinese indigo
var. chalara (Craib) Y.Y.Fang & C.Z.Zheng
var. cooperi (Craib) Y.Y.Fang & C.Z.Zheng
var. decora Lindl.
var. ichangensis (Craib) Y.Y.Fang & C.Z.Zheng
Indigofera deightonii J.B.Gillett
subsp. deightonii J.B.Gillett
subsp. rhodesica J.B.Gillett
Indigofera dendroides Jacq.
Indigofera dosua D.Don
var. dosua D.Don
var. simlensis (Ali) Sanjappa
Indigofera emarginella A.Rich.
Indigofera frondosa N.E.Br.
Indigofera frutescens L.f.
Indigofera fulgens Baker
subsp. brachybotrys (Baker) J.B.Gillett
subsp. fulgens Baker
Indigofera galegoides DC.
Indigofera georgei E.Pritz.
Indigofera grandiflora B.H.Choi & S.K.Cho
Indigofera haplophylla F.Muell.
Indigofera hebepetala Baker
var. glabra Ali
var. hebepetala Baker
Indigofera hedyantha Eckl. & Zeyh.
Indigofera heterantha Brandis—Himalayan indigo
Indigofera himalayensis Ali
Indigofera hirsuta L.—hairy indigo, rough hairy indigo
Indigofera homblei Baker f. & Martin
Indigofera ixocarpa Peter G.Wilson & Rowe
Indigofera jucunda Schrire
Indigofera karnatakana Sanjappa
Indigofera kirilowii Maxim ex Palib.—Kirilow's indigo
Indigofera koreana Ohwi—Korean indigo
Indigofera lacei Craib
Indigofera langebergensis L.Bolus
Indigofera laxiracemosa Baker f.
Indigofera leprieurii Baker f.
Indigofera longiracemosa Baill.
Indigofera lyallii Baker
subsp. lyallii Baker
subsp. nyassica J.B.Gillett
Indigofera longibarbata Engl.
Indigofera longimucronata Baker f.
Indigofera macrophylla Schum. & Thonn.
Indigofera mangokyensis "R.Vig., p.p.A"
Indigofera melanadenia Harv.
Indigofera natalensis Bolus
Indigofera nigrescens King & Prain
Indigofera pendula Franch.
var. pendula Franch.
var. umbrosa (Craib) Y.Y.Fang & C.Z.Zheng
Indigofera platycarpa Rose
Indigofera podocarpa Baker f. & Martin
Indigofera pratensis F.Muell.
Indigofera rhynchocarpa Baker
var. latipinna (Johnson) J.B.Gillett
var. rhynchocarpa Baker
var. uluguruensis J.B.Gillett
Indigofera roseocaerulea Baker f.
Indigofera rugosa Benth.
Indigofera sanguinea N.E.Br.
Indigofera schlechteri Baker f.
Indigofera sedgewickiana Vatke
Indigofera setiflora Baker
Indigofera sokotrana Vierh.
Indigofera sootepensis Craib
Indigofera stenophylla Guill. & Perr.
Indigofera subcorymbosa Baker
Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.—anil indigo, anil de pasto
Indigofera sutherlandoides Baker
Indigofera swaziensis Bolus
subsp. perplexa (N.E.Br.) J.B.Gillett
subsp. swaziensis Bolus
Indigofera thibaudiana DC.
Indigofera tinctoria L.—indigo, true indigo, dye indigo
subsp. arcuata (J.B.Gillett) Schrire
subsp. tinctoria L.
Indigofera tristis E.Mey.
Indigofera truxillensis Kunth
Indigofera varia E.Mey.
Indigofera venulosa Benth.
Indigofera verrucosa Eckl. & Zeyh.
Indigofera verruculosa Peter G.Wilson
Indigofera vicioides Jaub. & Spach
var. rogersii R.E.Fr.
var. vicioides Jaub. & Spach
Indigofera zeyheri Eckl. & Zeyh.
Indigofera zollingeriana Miq.—Zollinger's indigo
Cape clade
Indigofera alopecuroides (Burm.f.) DC.
Indigofera alpina Eckl. & Zeyh.
Indigofera amoena Aiton
Indigofera angustata E.Mey.
Indigofera angustifolia L.
var. angustifolia L.
var. tenuifolia (Lam.) Harv.
Indigofera brachystachya (DC.) E.Mey.
Indigofera burchellii DC.
Indigofera candolleana Meissner
Indigofera capillaris Thunb.
Indigofera concava Harv.
Indigofera cuneifolia Eckl. & Zeyh.
Indigofera cytisoides Thunb.
Indigofera declinata E.Mey.
Indigofera denudata Thunb.
Indigofera digitata Thunb.
Indigofera dimidiata Walp.
Indigofera filicaulis Eckl. & Zeyh.
Indigofera filifolia Thunb.
Indigofera flabellata Harv.
Indigofera gifbergensis C.H.Stirt. & Jarvie
Indigofera glomerata E.Mey.
Indigofera heterophylla Thunb.
Indigofera hispida Eckl. & Zeyh.
Indigofera ionii Jarvie & C.H.Stirt.
Indigofera mauritanica (L.) Thunb.
Indigofera merxmuelleri A.Schreib.
Indigofera meyeriana Eckl. & Zeyh.
Indigofera mollis Eckl. & Zeyh.
Indigofera nigromontana Eckl. & Zeyh.
Indigofera nudicaulis E.Mey.
Indigofera ovata Thunb.
Indigofera porrecta Eckl. & Zeyh.
Indigofera psoraloides (L.) L.
Indigofera sarmentosa L.f.
Indigofera sulcata DC.
Indigofera superba C.H.Stirt.
Tethyan clade
Indigofera achyranthoides Taub.
Indigofera alternans DC.
Indigofera ammoxylum (DC.) Polhill
Indigofera anabibensis A.Schreib.
Indigofera angulosa Edgew.
Indigofera antunesiana Harms
Indigofera arabica Jaub. & Spach
Indigofera aspera DC.
Indigofera asperifolia Benth.
var. asperifolia Benth.
var. lanceolata Chodat & Hassler
var. macrophylla Chodat & Hassler
Indigofera auricoma E.Mey.
Indigofera bemarahaensis Du Puy & Labat
Indigofera bongardiana (Kuntze) Burkart
Indigofera bongensis Kotschy & Peyr.
Indigofera cerighellii M.Pelt.
Indigofera cloiselii Drake
Indigofera conjugata Baker
var. conjugata Baker
var. schweinfurthii (Taub.) J.B. Gillett
var. trimorphophylla (Taub.) J.B. Gillett
Indigofera cordifolia Roth
Indigofera daleoides Harv.
Indigofera dalzellii T.Cooke
Indigofera depauperata Drake
Indigofera depressa Harv.
Indigofera dionaeifolia (S. Moore) Schrire
Indigofera diphylla Vent.
Indigofera disticha Eckl. & Zeyh.
Indigofera diversifolia DC.
Indigofera drepanocarpa Taub.
Indigofera ewartiana Domin
Indigofera exellii Torre
Indigofera fanshawei J.B.Gillett
Indigofera glandulosa Wendl.
var. glandulosa Wendl.
var. sykesii Baker
Indigofera glaucescens Eckl. & Zeyh.
Indigofera guaranitica Hassl.
Indigofera gypsacea Thulin
Indigofera hartwegii Rydb.
Indigofera hiranensis Thulin
Indigofera hochstetteri Baker
subsp. hochstetteri Baker
subsp. streyana (Merxm.) A.Schreib.
Indigofera hololeuca Harv.
Indigofera humbertiana M.Pelt.
Indigofera interrupta (Du Puy, Labat & Schrire) Schrire
Indigofera jamaicensis Spreng.
Indigofera kelleri Baker f.
Indigofera leptocarpa Eckl. & Zeyh.
Indigofera leptosepala Nutt.
Indigofera lespedezioides Kunth
var. acutifolia Hassler
var. lespedezioides Kunth
Indigofera leucoclada Baker
Indigofera linifolia (L.f.) Retz.
Indigofera linnaei Ali
Indigofera longidentata (Du Puy, Labat & Schrire) Schrire
Indigofera lupatana Baker f.
Indigofera mahafalensis (Du Puy, Labat & Schrire) Schrire
Indigofera marmorata Balf.f.
Indigofera microcarpa Desv.
Indigofera miniata Ortega—coastal indigo, scarlet-pea
Indigofera nephrocarpa Balf.f.
Indigofera nephrocarpoides J.B.Gillett
Indigofera nummularia Baker
Indigofera obcordata Eckl. & Zeyh.
Indigofera oblongifolia Forssk.
Indigofera praticola Baker f.
Indigofera pseudocompressa (Du Puy, Labat & Schrire) Schrire
Indigofera pungens E.Mey.
Indigofera schimperi Jaub. & Spach
Indigofera semitrijuga Forssk.
Indigofera sessiliflora DC.
Indigofera spicata Forssk.
Indigofera spiniflora Boiss.
Indigofera spinosa Forssk.
Indigofera squalida Prain
Indigofera subulata Vahl ex Poir.
Indigofera tephrosioides Kunth
Indigofera thomsonii Baker f.
Indigofera torulosa E.Mey.
var. angustiloba (Baker f.) J.B.Gillett
var. torulosa E.Mey.
Indigofera trifoliata L.—threeleaf indigo
var. duthiei (Naik) Sanjappa
var. trifoliata L.
var. unifoliolata (Merr.) De Kort & G.Thijsse
Indigofera trigonelloides Jaub. & Spach
Indigofera trita L.f.—Asian indigo
var. maffei (Chiov.) Ali
var. marginulata (Wight & Arn.) Sanjappa
var. scabra (Roth) De Kort & G.Thijsse
var. trita L.f.
Indigofera volkensii Taub.
Unassigned
Indigofera acanthinocarpa Blatt.
Indigofera acanthoclada Dinter
Indigofera accepta N.E.Br.
Indigofera acutiflora N.E.Br.
Indigofera acutipetala Y.Y.Fang & C.Z.Zheng
Indigofera adenocarpa E.Mey.
Indigofera adenoides Baker f.
Indigofera adesmiifolia A.Gray
Indigofera ambelacensis Schweinf.
Indigofera amitina N.E.Br.
Indigofera ammobia Maconochie
Indigofera ancistrocarpa Thulin
Indigofera andrewsiana J.B.Gillett
Indigofera andringitrensis R.Vig.
Indigofera ankaratrensis R.Vig.
Indigofera aquae-nitentis Bremek.
Indigofera aralensis Gagnep.
Indigofera arenophila Schinz
Indigofera argutidens Craib
Indigofera aristata Spreng.
Indigofera arnottii (Kuntze) Peter G. Wilson
Indigofera aspalathoides DC.
Indigofera asterocalycina Gilli
Indigofera atrata N.E.Br.
Indigofera atricephala J.B.Gillett
Indigofera baileyi F.Muell.
Indigofera balfouriana Craib
Indigofera bancroftii Peter G.Wilson
Indigofera bangweolensis R.E.Fr.
Indigofera banii N.D.Khoi & Yakovlev
Indigofera barteri Hutch. & Dalziel
Indigofera basedowii E.Pritz.
subsp. basedowii E.Pritz.
subsp. longibractea (J.Black) Peter G.Wilson
Indigofera bayensis Thulin
Indigofera bella Prain
Indigofera benguellensis Baker
Indigofera berhautiana J.B.Gillett
Indigofera bijuga Walp.
Indigofera blaiseae Du Puy & Labat
Indigofera bogdanii J.B.Gillett
Indigofera boinensis R.Vig.
Indigofera brachynema J.B.Gillett
Indigofera bracteata Baker
Indigofera brassii Baker
Indigofera brevidens Benth.
var. brevidens Benth.
var. uncinata Benth.
Indigofera brevifilamenta J.B.Gillett
Indigofera breviracemosa Torre
Indigofera breviviscosa J.B.Gillett
Indigofera brunoniana Wall.
Indigofera buchananii Burtt Davy
Indigofera bungeana Walp.
Indigofera burttii Baker f.
Indigofera bussei J.B.Gillett
Indigofera calcicola Craib
Indigofera campestris Benth.
var. angustifolia M.Micheli
var. campestris Benth.
var. intermedia Hassler
Indigofera candicans Aiton
Indigofera capitata Kotschy
Indigofera carlesi Craib
Indigofera caudata Dunn
Indigofera cecilii N.E.Br.
Indigofera cedrorum Dunn
Indigofera chaetodonta Franch.
Indigofera charlierana Schinz
var. charlierana Schinz
var. lata J.B.Gillett
var. scaberrima (Schinz) J.B.Gillett
Indigofera chenii S.S.Chien
Indigofera chevalieri Tisser.
Indigofera chirensis J.B.Gillett
Indigofera chuniana F.P.Metcalf
Indigofera ciferrii Chiov.
Indigofera cinerascens Franch.
Indigofera circinella Baker f.
Indigofera circinnata Harv.
Indigofera cliffordiana J.B.Gillett
Indigofera commixta N.E.Br.
Indigofera comosa N.E.Br.
Indigofera complanata Spreng.
Indigofera complicata Eckl. & Zeyh.
Indigofera concinna Baker
Indigofera conferta J.B.Gillett
Indigofera confusa Prain & Baker f.
Indigofera congolensis De Wild. & T.Durand
var. bongensis (Baker f.) J.B. Gillett
var. congolensis De Wild. & T.Durand
Indigofera constricta (Thwaites) Trimen
var. constricta (Thwaites) Trimen
var. deorum McVaugh
Indigofera corallinosperma Torre
Indigofera coronillifolia Benth.
Indigofera costaricensis Benth.
Indigofera crebra N.E.Br.
Indigofera crotalarioides (Klotzsch) Baker
Indigofera cryptantha Harv.
subsp. cryptantha Harv.
subsp. desmodioides (Baker) Du Puy & Labat
Indigofera cuitoensis Baker f.
Indigofera cuneata Oliv.
Indigofera cunenensis Torre
Indigofera curvata J.B.Gillett
Indigofera curvirostrata Thulin
Indigofera cylindrica sensu auct.
Indigofera damarana Merxm. & A.Schreib.
Indigofera daochengensis Y.Y.Fang & C.Z.Zheng
Indigofera dasyantha Baker f.
Indigofera dasycephala Baker f.
Indigofera dauensis J.B.Gillett
Indigofera deccanensis Sanjappa
Indigofera deflersii Baker f.
Indigofera dekindtii Tisser.
Indigofera delagoaensis J.B.Gillett
Indigofera delavayi Franch.
Indigofera dembianensis (Chiov.) J.B.Gillett
Indigofera densa N.E.Br.
Indigofera densiflora M.Martens & Galeotti
Indigofera densifructa Y.Y.Fang & C.Z.Zheng
Indigofera desertorum Torre
Indigofera dichroa Craib
Indigofera dillwynioides Harv.
Indigofera discolor Rydb.
Indigofera dissitiflora Oliv.
Indigofera dolichochaete Craib
Indigofera dolichothyrsa Baker f.
Indigofera dregeana E.Mey.
Indigofera dumetorum Craib
Indigofera dyeri Britten
Indigofera efoliata F.Muell.
Indigofera egens N.E.Br.
Indigofera elandsbergensis Phillipson
Indigofera elliotii (Baker f.) J.B.Gillett
Indigofera elwakensis J.B.Gillett
Indigofera emarginata Y.Y.Fang & C.Z.Zheng
Indigofera emarginelloides J.B.Gillett
Indigofera emmae De Kort & G.Thijsse
Indigofera enormis N.E.Br.
Indigofera erecta Thunb.
Indigofera eriocarpa E.Mey.
Indigofera esquirolii H.Lev.
Indigofera evansiana Burtt Davy
Indigofera evansii Schltr.
Indigofera exigua Eckl. & Zeyh.
Indigofera exilis Grierson & D.G.Long
Indigofera eylesiana J.B.Gillett
Indigofera faulknerae J.B.Gillett
Indigofera filiformis L.f.
Indigofera filipes Harv.
Indigofera flavicans Baker
Indigofera floribunda N.E.Br.
Indigofera foliosa E.Mey.
Indigofera forrestii Craib
Indigofera fortunei Craib
Indigofera fruticosa Rose
Indigofera fulcrata Harv.
Indigofera fulvopilosa Brenan
Indigofera fuscosetosa Baker
Indigofera galpinii N.E.Br.
Indigofera gangetica Sanjappa
Indigofera garckeana Vatke
Indigofera geminata Baker
Indigofera giessii A.Schreib.
Indigofera glaucifolia Cronquist
Indigofera gloriosa Cronquist
Indigofera goetzei Harms
Indigofera gracilis Spreng.
Indigofera graniticola J.B.Gillett
Indigofera griseoides Harms
Indigofera grisophylla Fourc.
Indigofera guatemalensis Moc., Sessé & Cerv. ex Backer
Indigofera guthriei Bolus
Indigofera hamiltonii Duthie & Prain
Indigofera hamulosa Schltr.
Indigofera hancockii Craib
Indigofera hantamensis Diels
Indigofera helmsii Peter G.Wilson
Indigofera hendecaphylla Jacq.—trailing indigo, creeping indigo, spicate indigo
var. hendecaphylla Jacq.
var. siamensis (Hosseus) Gagnep.
Indigofera henryi Craib
Indigofera heterocarpa Baker
Indigofera hewittii Baker f.
Indigofera hinanensis H.T.Tsai & T.F.Yu
Indigofera hofmanniana Schinz
Indigofera holstii (Baker f.) Baker f.
Indigofera holubii N.E.Br.
Indigofera howellii Craib & W.W.Sm.
Indigofera huillensis Baker f.
Indigofera humifusa Eckl. & Zeyh.
Indigofera humilis Kunth
Indigofera hundtii Rossberg
Indigofera hybrida N.E.Br.
Indigofera hygrobia Malme
Indigofera imerinensis Du Puy & Labat
Indigofera incana Thunb.
Indigofera incompta McVaugh
Indigofera ingrata N.E.Br.
Indigofera insularis Chiov.
Indigofera intermedia Harv.
Indigofera intricata Boiss.
Indigofera inyangana N.E.Br.
Indigofera irodoensis Du Puy & Labat
Indigofera ischnoclada Harms
Indigofera itremoensis Du Puy & Labat
Indigofera jaliscensis Rose
Indigofera jikongensis Y.Y.Fang & C.Z.Zheng
Indigofera jindongensis Y.Y.Fang & C.Z.Zheng
Indigofera karkarensis (Thulin) Schrire
Indigofera kasinii Boonyam.
Indigofera kerrii De Kort & G.Thijsse
Indigofera kerstingii Harms
Indigofera knoblecheri Kotschy
Indigofera kongwaensis J.B.Gillett
Indigofera krookii Zahlbr.
Indigofera kuntzei Harms
Indigofera kurtzii Kuntze
Indigofera lamellata Thulin
Indigofera lancifolia Rydb.
Indigofera lasiantha Desv.
Indigofera latifolia Micheli
Indigofera latisepala J.B.Gillett
Indigofera laxiflora Craib
Indigofera leendertziae N.E.Br.
Indigofera lenticellata Craib
Indigofera lepida N.E.Br.
Indigofera leptoclada Harms
Indigofera letestui Tisser.
Indigofera leucotricha E.Pritz.
Indigofera limosa L.Bolus
Indigofera lindheimeriana Scheele—Lindheimer's indigo
Indigofera litoralis Chun & T.Chen
Indigofera livingstoniana J.B.Gillett
Indigofera longicauda Thuan
Indigofera longipedicellata J.B.Gillett
Indigofera longipedunculata Y.Y.Fang & C.Z.Zheng
Indigofera longistaminata Schrire
Indigofera lotononoides Baker f.
Indigofera lughensis Thulin
Indigofera luzonensis De Kort & G.Thijsse
Indigofera lydenburgensis N.E.Br.
Indigofera macrantha Harms
Indigofera madagascariensis Vatke
Indigofera malacostachys Harv.
Indigofera malindiensis J.B.Gillett
Indigofera malongensis Cronquist
Indigofera manyoniensis Baker f.
Indigofera maritima Baker
Indigofera masaiensis J.B.Gillett
Indigofera masonae N.E.Br.
Indigofera matudae Lundell
Indigofera maymyoensis Sanjappa
Indigofera megacephala J.B.Gillett
Indigofera mekongensis Jessup
Indigofera mendesii Torre
Indigofera mendoncae J.B.Gillett
Indigofera mengtzeana Craib
Indigofera micheliana Rose
Indigofera micrantha E.Mey.
Indigofera micropetala Baker f.
Indigofera mildrediana Torre
Indigofera milne-redheadii J.B.Gillett
Indigofera minbuensis Gage
Indigofera mischocarpa Schltr.
Indigofera mollicoma N.E.Br.
Indigofera monanthoides J.B.Gillett
Indigofera monbeigii Craib
Indigofera monophylla DC.
Indigofera monostachya Eckl. & Zeyh.
Indigofera montana Rose
Indigofera mouroundavensis Baill.
Indigofera muliensis Y.Y.Fang & C.Z.Zheng
Indigofera mundtiana Eckl. & Zeyh.
Indigofera mupensis Torre
subsp. abercornensis J.B.Gillett
subsp. mupensis Torre
Indigofera mwanzae J.B.Gillett
Indigofera myosurus Craib
Indigofera nairobiensis Baker f.
subsp. nairobiensis Baker f.
subsp. viscida J.B.Gillett
Indigofera nambalensis Harms
Indigofera neoglabra Wang & T.Tang
Indigofera neosericopetala P.C. Li
Indigofera nesophila Lievens & Urbatsch
Indigofera nigricans Pers.
Indigofera nivea R.Vig.
Indigofera nugalensis Thulin
Indigofera nummulariifolia (L.) Alston
Indigofera obscura N.E.Br.
Indigofera ogadensis J.B.Gillett
Indigofera oligophylla Klotzsch
Indigofera omariana J.B.Gillett
Indigofera ormocarpoides Baker
Indigofera orthocarpa C.Presl
Indigofera oubanguiensis Tisser.
Indigofera ovina Harv.
Indigofera oxalidea Baker
Indigofera oxytropis Harv.
Indigofera oxytropoides Schltr.
Indigofera palmeri S.Watson
Indigofera pampaniniana Craib
Indigofera panamensis Rydb.
Indigofera pappei Fourc.
Indigofera paracapitata J.B.Gillett
Indigofera paraglaucifolia Torre
Indigofera paraoxalidea Torre
Indigofera parkesii Craib
Indigofera parodiana Burkart
Indigofera parviflora F. Heyne ex Hook. & Arn.
Indigofera patula Baker
Indigofera pauciflora Eckl. & Zeyh.
Indigofera paucifolioides Blatt. & Hallb.
Indigofera paucistrigosa J.B.Gillett
Indigofera pearsonii Baker f.
Indigofera pechuelii Kuntze
Indigofera pedicellata Wight & Arn.
Indigofera pedunculata Baker
Indigofera pellucida J.B.Gillett & Thulin
Indigofera peltata J.B.Gillett
Indigofera peltieri Du Puy & Labat
Indigofera penduloides Y.Y.Fang & C.Z.Zheng
Indigofera perriniana Spreng.
Indigofera petiolata Cronquist
Indigofera phyllanthoides Baker
Indigofera pilgeriana Schltr.
Indigofera pilosa Poir.—softhairy indigo
Indigofera pinifolia Baker
Indigofera placida N.E.Br.
Indigofera platypoda E.Mey.
Indigofera pobeguinii J.B.Gillett
Indigofera polygaloides M.B.Scott
Indigofera polysphaera Baker
Indigofera pongolana N.E.Br.
Indigofera porrigens Colla
Indigofera prieureana Guill. & Perr.
Indigofera procumbens L.
Indigofera prostrata Willd.
Indigofera pruinosa Baker
Indigofera pseudoevansii Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
Indigofera pseudointricata J.B.Gillett
Indigofera pseudoparvula R.Vig.
Indigofera pseudoreticulata Grierson & D.G.Long
Indigofera pseudosubulata Baker f.
Indigofera pseudotinctoria Matsum.
Indigofera pueblensis Rydb.
Indigofera purpusii Brandegee
Indigofera quinquefolia E.Mey.
Indigofera radicifera Cronquist
Indigofera ramosissima J.B.Gillett
Indigofera ramulosissima Hosok.
Indigofera rautanenii Baker f.
Indigofera reducta N.E.Br.
Indigofera rehmannii Baker f.
Indigofera remota Baker f.
Indigofera repens Cronquist
Indigofera reticulata Franch.
Indigofera retusa N.E.Br.
Indigofera rhodantha Fourc.
Indigofera rhytidocarpa Harv.
subsp. angolensis J.B.Gillett
subsp. rhytidocarpa Harv.
Indigofera rigioclada Craib
Indigofera ripae N.E.Br.
Indigofera rojasii Hassl.
Indigofera rostrata Bolus
Indigofera ruspolii Baker f.
Indigofera sabulosa Thulin
Indigofera salmoniflora Rose
Indigofera salteri Baker f.
Indigofera santapaui Sanjappa
Indigofera santosii Torre
Indigofera saxicola Benth.
Indigofera scabrida Dunn
Indigofera scarciesii Scott-Elliot
Indigofera schinzii N.E.Br.
Indigofera schliebenii Harms
Indigofera schultziana F.Muell.
Indigofera scopiformis Thulin
Indigofera sebungweensis J.B.Gillett
Indigofera secundiflora Poir.
Indigofera senegalensis Lam.
Indigofera sensitiva Franch.
Indigofera sericovexilla C.T.White
Indigofera sesquipedalis Sanjappa
Indigofera sessilifolia DC.
Indigofera setosa N.E.Br.
Indigofera sieberiana Scheele
Indigofera silvestrii Pamp.
var. alii Sanjappa
var. silvestrii Pamp.
Indigofera simaoensis Y.Y.Fang & C.Z.Zheng
Indigofera sisalis J.B.Gillett
Indigofera smutsii J.B.Gillett
Indigofera sordida Harv.
Indigofera souliei Craib
Indigofera sparsa Baker
Indigofera sparteola Chiov.
Indigofera sphaerocarpa A.Gray—Sonoran indigo
Indigofera sphinctosperma Standl.
Indigofera splendens Ficalho & Hiern
Indigofera stachyodes Lindl.
Indigofera stenosepala Baker
Indigofera sticta Craib
Indigofera stricta L.f.
Indigofera strigulosa Baker f.
Indigofera suarezensis Du Puy & Labat
Indigofera subargentea De Wild.
Indigofera subsecunda Gagnep.
Indigofera subulifera Baker
Indigofera subverticellata Gagnep.
Indigofera szechuensis Craib
Indigofera taborensis J.B.Gillett
Indigofera tanaensis J.B.Gillett
Indigofera taruffiana Torre
Indigofera taylori J.B.Gillett
Indigofera teixeirae Torre
Indigofera tengyuehensis H.T.Tsai & T.F.Yu
Indigofera tenuifolia Lam.
Indigofera tenuipes Polhill
Indigofera tenuis Milne-Redh.
subsp. major J.B.Gillett
subsp. tenuis Milne-Redh.
Indigofera tenuissima E.Mey.
Indigofera terminalis Baker
Indigofera tetraptera Taub.
Indigofera texana Buckley
Indigofera thesioides Jarvie & C.H.Stirt.
Indigofera thikaensis J.B.Gillett
Indigofera thothathri Sanjappa
Indigofera thymoides Baker
Indigofera tirunelvelica Sanjappa
Indigofera tomentosa Eckl. & Zeyh.
Indigofera torrei J.B.Gillett
Indigofera transvaalensis Baker f.
Indigofera trialata A.Chev.
Indigofera trichopoda Guill. & Perr.
Indigofera trifolioides Baker f.
Indigofera triquetra E.Mey.
Indigofera tristoides N.E.Br.
Indigofera tryonii Domin
Indigofera tumidula Rose
Indigofera ufipaensis J.B.Gillett
Indigofera ugandensis Baker f.
Indigofera vanderystii J.B.Gillett
Indigofera velutina E.Mey.
Indigofera venusta Eckl. & Zeyh.
Indigofera viscidissima Baker
subsp. orientalis J.B.Gillett
subsp. viscidissima Baker
Indigofera vivax Schrank
Indigofera wildiana J.B.Gillett
Indigofera williamsonii (Harv.) N.E.Br.
Indigofera wilsonii Craib
Indigofera woodii Bolus
Indigofera zanzibarica J.B.Gillett
Indigofera zavattarii Chiov.
Indigofera zenkeri Baker f.
Indigofera zornioides Du Puy & Labat
Species names with uncertain taxonomic status
The status of the following species is unresolved:
Indigofera abyssinica Hochst. ex Baker
Indigofera adaochengensis Y.Y. Fang & C.Z. Zheng
Indigofera adenophylla Graham
Indigofera adenotricha Peter G.Wilson
Indigofera adesmiaefolia A. Gray
Indigofera adonensis E.Mey.
Indigofera aeruginis Schweinf.
Indigofera agowensis Hochst. ex Baker
Indigofera alata Schweinf.
Indigofera alba Gouault
Indigofera amaliae Domin
Indigofera angulata Lindl.
Indigofera angulata Rottler ex Spreng.
Indigofera aphylla Breiter
Indigofera arborescens Zuccagni
Indigofera arghawan Royle
Indigofera argyrea Chiov.
Indigofera armata Wall.
Indigofera ascendens Walp.
Indigofera astragaloides Welw. ex Romariz
Indigofera athrophylla Eckl. & Zeyh.
Indigofera axillaris E.Mey.
Indigofera bagshawei Baker f.
Indigofera baoulensis A.Chev.
Indigofera barbata Desv.
Indigofera barcensis Chiov.
Indigofera bequaerti De Wild.
Indigofera berteroana Spreng.
Indigofera bertolonii Steud.
Indigofera biflora Roth
Indigofera bilabiata Loisel. ex Drapiez
Indigofera boylei Hort. ex Vilmorin's
Indigofera brachycarpa Graham
Indigofera brachyodon Domin
Indigofera brachyphylla Al-Turki
Indigofera brachypoda Steud. ex A.Rich.
Indigofera brevipes (S. Watson) Rydb.
Indigofera bufalina Lour.
Indigofera caesia Zipp. ex Span.
Indigofera caespitosa Wight
Indigofera calva E.Mey.
Indigofera carlesii Craib
Indigofera ceciliae N.E.Br.
Indigofera celebica Miq.
Indigofera centrota Eckl. & Zeyh.
Indigofera chitralensis Sanjappa
Indigofera cinericolor F.Muell.
Indigofera clitorioides G.Don
Indigofera colorata Roxb. ex Wight & Arn.
Indigofera coluteifolia Jaub. & Spach
Indigofera condensata De Wild.
Indigofera conradsii Baker f.
Indigofera constricta Rydb.
Indigofera cornezuelo Moc. & Sessé ex DC.
Indigofera cornuligera Peter G.Wilson & Rowe
Indigofera coronillaefolia A. Cunn. ex Benth.
Indigofera coronillaefolia hort.
Indigofera crassisiliqua Steud.
Indigofera dalzelliana (Kuntze) Peter G.Wilson
Indigofera dalzielii Hutch.
Indigofera debilis Graham
Indigofera decumbens Hill
Indigofera deginensis Sanjappa
Indigofera dequinensis Sanjappa
Indigofera dewevrei Micheli
Indigofera diffusa Desv.
Indigofera dimorphophylla Schinz
Indigofera disjuncta J. B. Gillett
Indigofera dodecaphylla Ficalho & Hiern
Indigofera dorycnium Fenzl
Indigofera dosycnium Fenzl
Indigofera dubia Steud.
Indigofera dumosa E.Mey.
Indigofera elachantha Peter G.Wilson & Rowe
Indigofera elatior Carrière
Indigofera elegans Schumach. & Thonn.
Indigofera ellenbeckii Baker f.
Indigofera elskensii Baker f.
Indigofera enonensis E.Mey.
Indigofera erectifructa Y.Endo, H.Ohashi & Madulid
Indigofera erythrantha Hochst. ex Baker
Indigofera erythrogrammoides De Wild.
Indigofera esquirolii H. Lév.
Indigofera faberi Craib
Indigofera flavovirens R.E.Fr.
Indigofera flexuosa Eckl. & Zeyh.
Indigofera flexuosa Graham
Indigofera florida E.Mey.
Indigofera foliolosa Graham
Indigofera formosana Matsum.
Indigofera franchetii X.F.Gao & Schrire
Indigofera frumentacea Roxb. ex Wight & Arn.
Indigofera fruticulosa Walp.
Indigofera fuzi Sieb. ex Miq.
Indigofera gilletii De Wild. & T.Durand
Indigofera glauca Lam.
Indigofera glauca Perr. ex DC.
Indigofera grahamiana Steud.
Indigofera grandifoliola Carrière
Indigofera graveolens Schrad.
Indigofera griquana Schltr. ex Zahlbr.
Indigofera guineensis Schumach. & Thonn.
Indigofera haematica Peter G.Wilson
Indigofera hainanensis H.T.Tsai & T.T.Yü
Indigofera heptaphylla Hiern
Indigofera hislopii Baker f.
Indigofera hockii De Wild. & Baker f.
Indigofera hookeriana Meisn.
Indigofera hover Forssk.
Indigofera inconspicua Domin
Indigofera iwafusi Sieb. ex Lavallee
Indigofera jaubertiana Schweinf.
Indigofera jirahulia Buch.-Ham.
Indigofera juncea Decne.
Indigofera karongensis Baker
Indigofera kerensis Chiov.
Indigofera kisantuensis De Wild. & T.Durand
Indigofera kotoensis Hayata
Indigofera latibracteata Harms
Indigofera latipinna I.M.Johnst.
Indigofera laxeracemosa Baker f.
Indigofera leptocaulis Eckl. & Zeyh.
Indigofera leptophylla E.Mey.
Indigofera lignosa De Wild.
Indigofera limifolia Benth.
Indigofera lindleyana Spreng. ex Steud.
Indigofera linearis DC.
Indigofera linearis Guill. & Perr.
Indigofera litoralis Chun & T.C. Chen
Indigofera liukiuennsis Makino & Nemoto
Indigofera lonchocarpifolia Baker
Indigofera longebarbata Engl.
Indigofera longepedicellata J. B. Gillett
Indigofera longeracemosa Boivin ex Baill.
Indigofera longibractea J.M.Black
Indigofera lupulina Baker
Indigofera machaerocarpa Fenzl ex Baker
Indigofera macroptera hort. ex Lavallée
Indigofera macrostachys Vent.
Indigofera mangokyensis R. Vig.
Indigofera marginata Walp.
Indigofera masukuensis Baker
Indigofera mckinlayi F.Muell.
Indigofera mearnsi Standl.
Indigofera megaphylla X.F.Gao
Indigofera melanotricha Steud. ex A.Rich.
Indigofera melolobioides Benth. ex Harv.
Indigofera microphylla Lam.
Indigofera microstachya C.Presl
Indigofera minutiflora Hochst. ex Chiov.
Indigofera minutiflora Walp.
Indigofera moeroensis De Wild.
Indigofera multijuga Baker
Indigofera mutisii (Kunth) Spreng.
Indigofera nematopoda Baker f.
Indigofera neoarborea Hu ex F.T. Wang & Tang
Indigofera noldeae Rossbach
Indigofera nuda G.Don
Indigofera nyikensis Baker
Indigofera oligantha Harms ex Baker f.
Indigofera oligosperma DC.
Indigofera orixensis Roxb. ex Wight & Arn.
Indigofera oroboides E.Mey.
Indigofera oxyrachis Peter G.Wilson
Indigofera paludosa Lepr. ex Guill. & Perr.
Indigofera palustris Vatke
Indigofera perrottetii DC.
Indigofera petraea Peter G.Wilson & Rowe
Indigofera pilifera Peter G.Wilson & Rowe
Indigofera platyspira J.B.Gillett ex Thulin & M.G.Gilbert
Indigofera plumosa Spreng.
Indigofera polyclada Peter G.Wilson & Rowe
Indigofera polysperma De Wild. & T.Durand
Indigofera pratensis var. coriacea Domin
Indigofera preladoi Harms
Indigofera pretoriana Harms
Indigofera procumbens Torre
Indigofera propinqua Hochst. ex Chiov.
Indigofera psammophila Peter G.Wilson
Indigofera pseudoheterantha X.F.Gao & Schrire
Indigofera pseudomoniliformis Schrire
Indigofera purpurea Page ex Steud.
Indigofera quadrangularis Graham
Indigofera racemosa L.
Indigofera rarifolia Steud.
Indigofera rechodes Eckl. & Zeyh.
Indigofera reflexa E.Mey.
Indigofera rhechodes Walp.
Indigofera rhodosantha Zipp. ex Miq.
Indigofera rigescens E.Mey.
Indigofera roylei Koehne
Indigofera roylii Hort. ex Dippel
Indigofera rubromarginata Thulin
Indigofera rumphiensis Schrire
Indigofera rupestris Eckl. & Zeyh.
Indigofera rupicola Peter G.Wilson & Rowe
Indigofera sabulicola Benth.
Indigofera saltiana Steud.
Indigofera sangana Harms, in Schltr.
Indigofera scabrella Kazandj. & Peter G.Wilson
Indigofera schimperiana Hochst.
Indigofera scoparia Vahl ex DC.
Indigofera secunda E.Mey.
Indigofera sericea Benth. ex Baker
Indigofera sericea L.
Indigofera sericea Thunb. ex Harv.
Indigofera sericophylla Franch.
Indigofera setacea E.Mey.
Indigofera shipingensis X.F.Gao
Indigofera shirensis Taub. ex Baker f.
Indigofera signata Domin
Indigofera similis N.E.Br.
Indigofera sinuspersica Mozaff.
Indigofera socotrana Vierh.
Indigofera sofa Scott-Elliot
Indigofera solirimae Schrire
Indigofera somalensis Vatke
Indigofera sousae M.A.Exell
Indigofera sparsiflora Hochst. ex Baker
Indigofera speciosa Fraser ex Hook.
Indigofera spirocarpa Harms
Indigofera spoliata Hoffmanns.
Indigofera subincana N.E.Br.
Indigofera subquadriflora Hochst. ex Chiov.
Indigofera subtilis E.Mey.
Indigofera sylvatica Sieber ex Spreng.
Indigofera sylvestris Pamp.
Indigofera taiwaniana T.C.Huang & M.J.Wu
Indigofera tenella Schumach. & Thonn.
Indigofera tenella Vahl ex DC.
Indigofera tenuicaulis Klotzsch
Indigofera tenuisiliqua Schweinf.
Indigofera ternata Roxb. ex Wight & Arn.
Indigofera thirionni H.Lév.
Indigofera thonningii Schumach. & Thonn.
Indigofera tinctaria Hook.
Indigofera triflora Peter G.Wilson & Rowe
Indigofera trita var. nubica (J.B.Gillett) L.Boulos & Schrire
Indigofera tritoidea Baker
Indigofera ultima (Kuntze) Peter G.Wilson
Indigofera unifoliata Merr.
Indigofera urostachya Fenzl ex Baker
Indigofera viguieri Callm. & Labat
Indigofera villosa Berg. ex Walp.
Indigofera wannanii Peter G.Wilson
Indigofera wentzeliana Harms
Indigofera wynbergensis S.Moore
Indigofera zig-zag De Wild.
Ecology
Indigofera species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including the turnip moth (Agrotis segetum).
See also
Baptisia (false indigo)—a related genus.
References
Further reading
External links
Indigofera. eFloras Lists.
Fabaceae genera
Plant dyes
Pantropical flora