Gudrun Parker

Gudrun Parker
Gudrun Johanna Bjerring Parker (March 16, 1920 – November 15, 2022) was a Canadian filmmaker, writer, and producer. She worked on films with the National Film Board of Canada (NFB) during the Second World War and in the early 1950s. Parker wrote the script for The Stratford Adventure, which was nominated for an academy award, and directed part of Royal Journey, which won a BAFTA. She married fellow NFB filmmaker Morten Parker. They often worked as a team on films and in 1963, they established a production company, Parker Film Associates.
Although she left the NFB in 1956 to focus on raising her first child Julie, Parker remained active in the filmmaking industry. Her husband travelled to locations and filmed for their production company while she stayed at home producing, editing, and eventually working as a film studies teacher at Vanier College. She was appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada (OC) in 2005.
Gudrun Parker was of Icelandic descent, her parents came from the north of Iceland and immigrated to Canada.
Career
Parker attended the University of Winnipeg (then called United College). After graduating, she worked on the hotels and rails beat as a reporter for the Winnipeg Free Press. She met documentary filmmaker John Grierson, who was travelling across the country recruiting workers for the NFB. Grierson was impressed with her and interviewed her for a job with the NFB. Parker later said that she didn’t even know the film board existed when she was offered the job.
Parker travelled from Winnipeg to Ottawa to begin working with the NFB in March 1942. In his memoir of the early days of the film board, scriptwriter Graham McInnes described Parker as "a very quiet, extremely persistent worker with an outwardly sweet and accommodating approach which masked a truly tremendous tenacity."
After six months working as an assistant in the cutting room, Parker asked to direct her own film. She secured the funding for the film herself, asking for sponsorship from the Department of National Health and Welfare. Cinematographer Judith Crawley filmed and Parker directed the production, which was called Vitamins A, B, C. The film educated viewers about maintaining nutrition with wartime shortages and featured a great deal of footage of children. She later worked with Graham McInnes on a film called "A Friend for Supper." According to McInnes the slogan "a friend for supper," was Parker's idea, a way of encouraging Canadian children not to waste food by imagining they were having a 'friend' — a child refugee — over for a meal with them. McInnes was dubious because he thought this notion would encourage children to eat more instead of less but his "misgivings were without foundation," he later wrote. "She shot the film as planned. Despite the equivocal logic it was an instant and continuing success with children — and with adults."
This success was the beginning of Parker's long involvement with children and education through film. Her next film, Before They Are Six (1943) also dealt with children, as well as women's challenges during wartime. This film details the efforts of women to establish daycares for their children while they went to work at munitions factories.
Postwar films
In 1944 Parker became the head of the NFB Educational Unit, continuing her focus on children. In the mid-1950s, Parker worked with Marjorie McKay to write three series of short educational films. The first "What Do You Think" was made for teenagers, the second "What's Your Opinion," for adults, and the third "What's Making up Your Mind," focussed on "media influence and conformity." Her films Musician in the Family and Being Different are notable for exploring alternative gender roles for boys. In Being Different a young boy must deal with the derision of his classmates after he takes an interest in the local butterfly society. According to Canadian Studies scholar Judith Hammill, "the subtext has all kinds of implications about the social formation of masculinity."
Parker also highlighted the Canadian arts scene in her films. Her short documentary Listen to the Prairies (1946) is about an annual Manitoba music festival. Her award-winning Opera School (1951) profiles a young opera singer at the Royal Conservatory of Music.
Parker also wrote the script for The Stratford Adventure (1954), a documentary about the creation of the Stratford Festival. Parker was slated to direct that film but she was pregnant at the time so her husband, filmmaker Morten Parker stepped in. The Stratford Adventure was a critical success and earned the NFB an Oscar nomination for best documentary feature. It was also named Film of the Year at the Canadian Film Awards. Parker later called the film a "historical document" The Stratford Adventure features British director Tyrone Guthrie, and stage stars Irene Worth and Alec Guinness. It also features a brief appearance from a young Timothy Findley who was part of the original Stratford company and would go on to become a successful novelist and playwright.
Personal life and death
Parker died on November 15, 2022 in Edmonton, Alberta, at the age of 102.
Legacy
Canadian Studies scholar Judith Hammill says Parker's films, "reflect a historical moment in Canadian film. In their evolution from the relatively spare Griersonian cinema of social purpose to a cinema that, while always retaining its social purpose, grew to embrace aesthetic innovation, technical polish, and a significant degree of personal expression, we can trace the growth of Canadian documentary over the period." Hammill argues that after the war "Gudrun's seminal work in an observational style was an influence on a whole generation of filmmakers who made it a Canadian genre."
Filmography
Vitamins A, B, C and D (1943) Producer/Director/Writer/Editor
Before they are Six (1943) Producer/Director/Writer/Editor
The People's Bank (1944) Producer/Director/Writer/Editor
A Friend For Supper (1944) Director/Writer
Listen to the Prairies (1946) Producer/Director/Writer/Editor
The Policeman (1946) Producer/Director/Writer/Editor
New Chapters (1947) Producer/Director
The Postman (1947) Producer
The Home Town Paper (1948) Producer
Maps We Live By (1948) Producer/Director/Writer/Editor
Who Will Teach Your Child? (1948) Producer/Writer/Editor
Children's Concert (1949) Producer/Director/Writer/Editor
Family Circles (1949) Producer/Writer
Opera School (1951) Director/Editor
Royal Journey (1951) Director
A Musician in the Family (1953) Director/Editor
One Man's Opinion (1953) Director/Writer
The Majority Vote (1953) Director/Writer
The Honest Truth (1953) Director/Writer
The Stratford Adventure (1954) Director/Writer
Who's Running Things? (1955) Director/Writer
Having Your Say (1955) Director/Writer
Getting What You're After (1955) Director/Writer
The Public's Business (1955) Director/Writer
Community Responsibilities (1955) Director/Writer
Leaving it to the Experts (1955) Producer/Director/Writer
Seeing is Believing (1956) Producer/Director/Writer
The Story Behind the News (1956) Director/Writer
Getting on the Bandwagon (1956) Director/Writer
Making a Decision in the Family (1957) Writer
Being Different (1957) Writer
Choosing a Leader (1957) Writer
Popular Psychology (1957) Writer
Four Teachers (1961) Writer
Awards
Officer of the Order of Canada. Awarded on November 17, 2005 and invested on October 6, 2006.
Other honours:
Who Will Teach Your Child: Canadian Film Award (CFA) for theatrical short (1949).
Family Circles: CFA for non-theatrical short (1950).
Royal Journey: CFA for best feature film, and a BAFTA (1952).
Opera School: CFA for theatrical short (1952).
The Stratford Adventure: nominated for an Academy Award (1953).
A City Sings: nominated for the Cannes Short Film of the Year (1946).
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
McInnes, Graham. One Man's Documentary: A Memoir of the Early Years of the National Film Board. Winnipeg, Manitoba: University of Manitoba, 2004. .
Waugh, Thomas. Romance of Transgression in Canada: Queering Sexualities, Nations, Cinemas. Montreal: McGill-Queen's Press. 2006. .
1920 births
2022 deaths
Canadian documentary film directors
Canadian women film directors
National Film Board of Canada people
Officers of the Order of Canada
Canadian film educators
Canadian women educators
University of Winnipeg alumni
Journalists from Manitoba
Film directors from Winnipeg
Canadian women film producers
Canadian documentary film producers
Canadian centenarians
Women centenarians
Canadian women documentary filmmakers
Canadian people of Icelandic descent