Abdul Ali Mazari

Abdul Ali Mazari(5 June 194613 March 1995) was an ethnic Hazara politician and leader of Hezb-e Wahdat during and following the Soviet–Afghan War, who advocated for a federal system of governance in Afghanistan. He was allegedly captured and killed by the Taliban during negotiations in 1995, and posthumously given the title "Martyr for National Unity of Afghanistan" in 2016 by the Afghan government.
Early life
Abdul Ali Mazari was born in 1946 in the Charkent district of Balkh province, south of the northern city of Mazar-e-Sharif. He began his primary schooling in theology at the local school in his hometown, then went to Mazar-e-Sharif and later to Qom, Iran and Najaf, Iraq.
Mujahideen commander and politician
During the Soviet–Afghan War, Mazari returned to Afghanistan and gained a prominent place in the mujahideen resistance movement. During the first years of the resistance, he lost his young brother, Muhammed Sultan, during a battle against the Soviet-backed forces. He soon lost his sister and other members of his family in the resistance. His uncle, Muhammad Jafar, and his son, Muhammad Afzal, were imprisoned and killed by the Soviet-backed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. His father, Haji Khudadad, and his brother, Haji Muhammad Nabi, were killed as well in the war.
Abdul Ali Mazari was one of the founding members and the first leader of the Hezb-e Wahdat. In the first party congress in Bamiyan, he was elected leader of the Central Committee and in the second congress, he was elected Secretary General. Mazari's initiative led to the creation of the Jonbesh-e Shomal or (Northern Movement), in which the country's most significant military forces joined ranks with the rebels, leading to a coup d'état and the eventual downfall of the Communist regime in Kabul.
After the 1992 fall of Kabul, the Afghan political parties agreed on a peace and power-sharing agreement, the Peshawar Accords, which created the Islamic State of Afghanistan and appointed an interim government for a transitional period to be followed by general elections. According to Human Rights Watch:
The sovereignty of Afghanistan was vested formally in the Islamic State of Afghanistan, an entity created in April 1992, after the fall of the Soviet-backed Najibullah government. ... With the exception of Pashtun warlord Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's Hezb-e Islami, all of the parties... were ostensibly unified under this government in April 1992. ... Hekmatyar's Hezbe Islami, for its part, refused to recognize the government for most of the period discussed in this report and launched attacks against government forces but the shells and rockets fell everywhere in Kabul resulting in many civilian casualties.
Although Hezb-e Wahdat initially participated in the Islamic State and held some posts in the government, conflict soon broke out between the Hazara Hezb-e Wahdat of Mazari and the Pashtun Ittihad-i Islami of Abdur-Rasul Sayyaf. The Islamic State's defense minister Ahmad Shah Massoud tried to mediate between the factions with some success, but the cease-fire remained only temporary. In June 1992, the Hezb-e Wahdat and the Ittihad-i Islami engaged in violent street battles against each other. With the support of Saudi Arabia, Sayyaf's forces repeatedly attacked the western suburbs of Kabul resulting in heavy civilian casualties. Likewise, Iran supported Mazari's forces that were also accused of attacking civilian targets in the west. Mazari acknowledged taking Pashtun civilians as prisoners, but defended the action by saying that Sayyaf's forces took Hazaras first, adding that the prisoners taken by his forces were housed, fed, given water, and not tortured. Mazari's group later began cooperating with Hekmatyar's group from January 1993.
In September 1994, following accusations against Abdul Ali Mazari of committing a coup within the party's leadership, senior Hezb-e Wahdat member Muhammad Akbari separated from Mazari to form the National Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan, which aligned itself with the Taliban and gained the support of the majority of party members in the Hazara hinterland and some surrounding regions, particularly in Panjab district, Waras district, Uruzgan province, Helmand province, and Sar-e pol province. Although Mazari's influence was heavily reduced by the split, he was able to retain the allegiance of the majority of Hezb-e Wahdat members in western Kabul, Yakawlang district, Wardak province, and Mazar-i-Sharif city.
Death
According to Hazara Press, on 11 March 1995, the Taliban requested a meeting with Mazari and a delegation from Hezb-e Wahdat containing Abuzar, Ekhlaasi, Eid Mohammad Ibrahimi Behsudi, Ghassemi, Jan Mohammad, Sayed Ali Alavi, Bahodari, and Jan Ali in Pul-e Ghul Bagh, near Kabul. Upon their arrival, the group was abducted and transferred to Chahar Asiab, after which they were killed.
According to the Taliban's Al Somood magazine, claims of him being killed deliberately are false, and he died in an accident involving a helicopter crash near Ghazni. Taliban-affiliated researcher Mustafa Hamid described the Taliban's version of events surrounding the death of Abdul Ali Mazari in detail, stating that it began with Mazari and a group accompanying him being detained by the Taliban during a routine inspection of taxis passing through a village on the outskirts of Kabul. At the request of Taliban officials, he was thereafter placed on a helicopter leaving Kabul. Having become suspicious of the Taliban's intentions, Mazari and his partners snatched the weapon of one of the Taliban guards whilst mid-flight, killing another one of the guards and injuring the pilot. This caused the Helicopter to violently crash over the province of Ghazni, killing everyone on board. The crash of the aircraft attracted the attention of a nearby Taliban patrol, who found Mazari's deceased body onboard.
Mazari's body, after being handed over by the Taliban, was carried by his followers on foot from Ghazni across Hazarajat to Mazar-i-Sharif (at the time under the control of his ally Abdur-Rashid Dustom) in heavy snow over forty days. Hundreds of thousands attended his funeral in Mazar-i Sharif. Mazari was officially named "Martyr for National Unity of Afghanistan" by President Ashraf Ghani in 2016.
See also
List of Hazara people
Abdul Khaliq Hazara (assassin)
Mehdi Mujahid
References
External links
Tabaro-Baghe-Gole-Sorkh – Poetry about Abdul Ali Mazari at BabaMazary.blogfa.com
Picture gallery at Picasaweb
1946 births
1995 deaths
Hazara politicians
Afghan warlords
Afghan Shia Muslims
Afghan anti-communists
Hezbe Wahdat politicians
People from Balkh Province
People killed by the Taliban