PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
Schmidt hammer

Schmidt hammer
A Schmidt hammer, also known as a Swiss hammer or a rebound hammer or concrete hammer test, is a device to measure the elastic properties or strength of concrete or rock, mainly surface hardness and penetration resistance. It was invented by Ernst Heinrich Wilhelm Schmidt, a Swiss engineer.
The hammer measures the rebound of a spring-loaded mass impacting against the surface of a sample. The test hammer hits the concrete at a defined energy. Its rebound is dependent on the hardness of the concrete and is measured by the test equipment. By reference to a conversion chart, the rebound value can be used to determine the concrete's compressive strength. When conducting the test, the hammer should be held at right angles to the surface, which in turn should be flat and smooth. The rebound reading will be affected by the orientation of the hammer: when used oriented upward (for example, on the underside of a suspended slab), gravity will increase the rebound distance of the mass, and vice versa for a test conducted on a floor slab. Schmidt hammer measurements are on an arbitrary scale ranging from 10 to 100.
Schmidt hammers are available from manufacturers in several different energy ranges, including (i) Type L-0.735 Nm impact energy, (ii) Type N-2.207 Nm impact energy, and (iii) Type M-29.43 Nm impact energy.
The test is also sensitive to other factors:
Local variation in the sample. To minimize this, it is recommended to take a selection of readings and take an average or median value.
Water content of the sample; a saturated material will give different results from a dry one.
Prior to testing, the Schmidt hammer should be calibrated using a calibration test anvil supplied by the manufacturer. Twelve readings should be taken, dropping the highest and lowest, and then taking the average of the ten remaining. This method of testing is classed as indirect as it does not give a direct measurement of the strength of the material. It simply gives an indication based on surface properties, and as such is suitable only for making comparisons between samples.
This method for testing concrete is governed by ASTM C805. A European standard for testing concrete in structures is EN 12504-2. ASTM D5873 describes the procedure for testing of rock.
References
External links
Screening Eagle Technologies Schmidt Hammer
Savoie Maintenance Service revendeur et réparateur SCHMIDT Hammer
Concrete
Geological tools
Geomorphology
Hardness instruments
Nondestructive testing
Eric Meyer (musician)

Eric Meyer (musician)
Eric Meyer (born August 23, 1966) is an American musician who is best known as the guitarist for the Los Angeles based thrash metal band Dark Angel, which he joined in 1984, and played on all of their albums from We Have Arrived onwards.
Following the breakup of Dark Angel he worked as a producer, including on albums by Transmetal.
References
1966 births
Living people
American heavy metal guitarists
Dark Angel (band) members
American male guitarists
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American male musicians
Phil Brown (sprinter)

Phil Brown (sprinter)
Philip "Phil" Andrew Brown (born 6 January 1962 in Birmingham, Warwickshire) is a British retired athlete who competed mainly in the 400 metres.
Athletics career
Brown was a member of Birchfield Harriers and an exceptional anchor leg relay runner, anchoring the British team to a number of medals. Brown's career highlight came when he competed for Great Britain in the 1984 Summer Olympics held in Los Angeles, United States in the 4 x 400 metre relay, where, in a dramatic final 100 m, he overtook Rick Mitchell of Australia and then Innocent Egbunike of Nigeria to claim the silver medal for Great Britain with his teammates Kriss Akabusi, Garry Cook and Todd Bennett. Brown's final leg time of 44.3 seconds resulted in a time of 2:59.13 which was a British and European record at the time and the first time a British team had bettered 3 minutes for the event.
The European Championships in 1982 saw the team, once again anchored by Brown, win the silver medal behind the West German team, in 3:00.68. At the Rome World Championships of 1987, he ran another excellent final leg in 44.3, which earned the team a silver medal in a European record time of 2:58.86.
He won an individual bronze medal and two team gold medals at the Commonwealth Games. He represented England and won a gold medal in the 4 x 400 metres event and finished sixth in the 400 metres, at the 1982 Commonwealth Games in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Four years later he represented England and won another gold medal in the 4 x 400 metres event, at the 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, Scotland. He also earned an individual bronze at the Games in the 400 metres. A third and final Commonwealth appearance for England came at the 1990 Commonwealth Games in Auckland, New Zealand, where he competed in the 400 metres.
Personal life
Phil is now a conference speaker and was previously the Regional Director for The Duke of Edinburgh's Award in the Midlands. After this he became a student mentor at Hilton Spencer Academy.
References
External links
1962 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Birmingham, West Midlands
English male sprinters
British male sprinters
Olympic athletes for Great Britain
Olympic silver medallists for Great Britain
Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1982 Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1986 Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1990 Commonwealth Games
World Athletics Championships athletes for Great Britain
World Athletics Championships medalists
European Athletics Championships medalists
Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists in athletics (track and field)
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for England
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for England
Medallists at the 1982 Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 1986 Commonwealth Games
جمالائيل

جمالائيل أحد الشخصيات البارزة في المجتمع اليهودي خلال القرن الأول، كان عضوًا في السنهدرين أي المجلس الأعلى لليهود ويتبع جماعة الفريسيون، ذكر في العهد الجديد خلال سفر أعمال الرسل مرتين، ووصف بأنه شخصية مرموقة يحترمها جميع الشعب؛ برز دوره خلال محاكمة بطرس ويوحنا بن زبدي، حيث على الرغم من تشدده ثنى المجلس عن قتلهما كما كان يريد أغلب الأعضاء من خلال مداخلة طويلة يذكرها سفر الأعمال، وقد استطاع اقناع المجلس بضرورة ذلك وبأهمية إطلاق سراحهما حقنًا للدماء ومنعًا لتدخل الرومان.يذكر أن بولس قد تعلم على يديه. يعني اسمه في اللغة العربية، جمال الله.
مراجع
حاخامات في القرن 1
سنة الولادة غير معروفة
شخصيات سفر أعمال الرسل
وفيات 52
يهود العصر الروماني
كين مان

كين مان هو لاعب هوكي الجليد كندي، ولد في 5 سبتمبر 1953 في هاميلتون في كندا.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أجنحة يمين هوكي جليد كنديون
أعلام هوكي جليد من أونتاريو
رياضيون من هاميلتون
لاعبو ديترويت رد وينجز
مواليد 1953
أعلام هوكي جليد من هاميلتون
(33749) 1999 QO

(33749) 1999 QO
1999 كيو أو (ويعرف أيضًا باسم (33749) 1999 كيو أو وفق تسمية الكوكب الصغير) هو كويكب ضمن حزام الكويكبات؛ وترتيبه 33749 من حيث الاكتشاف.
اكتُشف هذا الجُرم الفلكي بواسطة في 19 أغسطس 1999.
انظر أيضًا
قائمة الكواكب الصغيرة
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أجرام فلكية اكتشفت في 1999
حزام الكويكبات
كواكب صغيرة مسماة
Peter Rapp

Peter Rapp (born 29 May 1983) is a German long jumper.
He finished eighth at the 2002 World Junior Championships and twelfth at the 2005 Summer Universiade, and competed at the 2008 World Indoor Championships without reaching the final.
His personal best jump is 8.10 metres, achieved in July 2007 in Ebensee.
References
1983 births
Living people
German male long jumpers
Barbiturate dependence

Barbiturate dependence develops with regular use of barbiturates. This in turn may lead to a need for increasing doses of the drug to get the original desired pharmacological or therapeutic effect. Barbiturate use can lead to both addiction and physical dependence, and as such they have a high potential for excess or non-medical use, however, it does not affect all users. Management of barbiturate dependence involves considering the affected person's age, comorbidity and the pharmacological pathways of barbiturates.
Psychological addiction to barbiturates can develop quickly. The patients will then have a strong desire to take any barbiturate-like drug. The chronic use of barbiturates leads to moderate degradation of the personality with narrowing of interests, passivity and loss of volition. The somatic signs include hypomimia, problems articulating, weakening of reflexes, and ataxia.
The GABAA receptor, one of barbiturates' main sites of action, is thought to play a pivotal role in the development of tolerance to and dependence on barbiturates, as well as the euphoric "high" that results from their use. The mechanism by which barbiturate tolerance develops is believed to be different from that of ethanol or benzodiazepines, even though these drugs have been shown to exhibit cross-tolerance with each other and poly drug administration of barbiturates and alcohol used to be common.
The management of a physical dependence on barbiturates is stabilisation on the long-acting barbiturate phenobarbital followed by a gradual titration down of dose. People who use barbiturates tend to prefer rapid-acting barbiturates (amobarbital, pentobarbital, secobarbital) rather than long-acting barbiturates (barbital, phenobarbital). The slowly eliminated phenobarbital lessens the severity of the withdrawal syndrome and reduces the chances of serious barbiturate withdrawal effects such as seizures. A cold turkey withdrawal can in some cases lead to death. Antipsychotics are not recommended for barbiturate withdrawal (or other CNS depressant withdrawal states) especially clozapine, olanzapine or low potency phenothiazines e.g. chlorpromazine as they lower the seizure threshold and can worsen withdrawal effects; if used extreme caution is required. The withdrawal symptoms after ending barbiturate consumption are quite severe and last from 4 to 7 days.
References
External links
Barbiturates
Substance dependence
Substance-related disorders
كليجا

كليجا
الكليجا أو الكليجة أو الكُلَيجة هي أقراص كعك مجوفة تصنع من الدقيق وتُحشى بالتمر أو العسل أو السكر أو دبس التمر أو بعض المكسرات وتنتشر في العراق والسعودية والدول المجاورة.
أصلها
جاء في تكملة المعاجم العربية لرينهارت دوزي (ت 1883 م):
وفي قصيدة فارسية لتعليم العربية، فّسر «القرص» بـ «کلیچه»:
وقد ذكرها ابن بطوطة (ت 779 هـ) في رحلته، وذلك أثناء زيارته لأمير خوارزمي، وذكر أن مائدته فيها «الطعام من الدجاج المشوي والكراكي وأفراخ الحمام، وخبز معجون بالسمن يسمونه الكليجا، والكعك والحلوى». كما ذكرها القزويني (ت 682 هـ) بصيغة الجمع كليجات.
وقد ذهب آخرون إلى أن أصل التسمية تركي والبعض الآخر إلى أنها كلمة عربية محرفة من كلمة «كيالجة» التي تعني المكيال.
صنعها
في العراق عادة ما تُصنع الكليجة من الدقيق المنخول والسمن والحليب والسكّر، ويتم استخدام التمر في الحشو إضافة إلى الهيل وربما ماء الورد والسمسم وبعض المكسّرات، خصوصاً الجوز.
أما في القصيم وحائل فقد جاء في وصفها أنها «أقراص يابسة تصنع من الدقيق والسكر وبعض التوابل مثل الزنجبيل والدارسين». تصنع من طحين البر والزيت والماء، والملح والسكر والزيتون الأسود، إضافة للقرفة والزنجبيل، دبس التمر والداراسين. هناك مصنع معمول كليجا في القصيم (أصالة المعمول)
التقاليد الخاصة بها
العراق
في آواخر شهر رمضان تقوم النساء عادة بتجهيز الكليجة استعدادا لقدوم العيد وتقدم للضيوف في تلك الأيام.
السعودية
في القصيم ونواحيها فقيل أن العُرف تقديم الكليجا من قبل أهل العروس لأهل العريس صبيحة ليلة الزفاف.
ويقام مهرجان الكليجا تحديداً في مدينة بريدة سنوياً كحدث أقليمي يجذب محبي الكليجا وصانعي الكليجا من الأسر المنتجة والمصانع المحلية.
تعرف الكليجا أيضا في منطقة حائل شمال السعودية. واختلف في نشأتها من القصيم أو من حائل. يكثر الطلب عليها في مواسم العطل، ويفضل غالبا تناولها في الشتاء.
انظر أيضا
معمول
شكرلمة
مراجع
أطباق وطنية
بسكويت
مطبخ آشوري/سرياني/كلداني
مطبخ الشرق الأوسط
مطبخ تركي
مطبخ سعودي
مطبخ عراقي
مطبخ عربي
مطبخ نجدي
Fruit production in Iran

Fruit production in Iran
Iran ranks 1st in fruit production in the Middle East and North Africa. Iran has been ranked between 8th and 10th in global fruit production in different years. Iran produces Persian walnut, melon, tangerine, citrus fruits, Kiwifruit, dates, cherries, pomegranates, peach, oranges, raisins, saffron, grapes and watermelon.
Fruit growing areas in Iran
A number of fruits have originated in Iran, including Persian walnuts, melons, and pomegranates, Apple, Apricot, Grape, Fig, Citron, and many more. The country benefits from a variety of favorable meteorological conditions suitable for fruit production. The northern seaside lands of the Caspian Sea, and the country supplies finest conditions for citrus production. Iran ranks in the world in the production of pomegranates, in dates, in figs, in cherries, in grapes, and in oranges. Kiwifruit production, although a relatively new activity in this part of the world, has grown increasing importance in last few years and the Iranian kiwifruit promises to become a great export item of the agricultural sector of the country.
Production and ranking
Iran ranks 1st in fruit production in the Middle East and North Africa. 2.7 million hectares of orchards are being harvested in Iran with an annual production this year of 16.5 million tons. Per capita production of fruit in the globe is 80 kilograms while in Iran it is 200 kg according to official FAO statistics. The Iranian calendar year ending in March 2010, Iran produced 4.5 million tons of citrus fruits and 3 million tons of apples. Iran has been ranked between 8th and 10th in global fruit production in different years. In the productions of pomegranates and pistachios, Iran ranks first, in dates and cherries, 2nd, 4th in the production of apples and walnuts, and, 7th in producing citrus fruits.
Iran grows fifty different kinds of fruit. The record for pomegranate production is 100 tons in a hectare of land, 146 ton for apples and 70 tons for oranges.
In 2010 Iran exported $2 billion worth of fruit to neighboring countries and the European Union, 46 percent more than the previous year. In the second half of 2010 the import of agricultural goods in Iran increased 30 percent in weight and 14 percent in value which shows the country's good progress in the field of agricultural goods production.
Since 1963 Iran is one of the leading producers and exporters of dried fruit and nuts such as all kinds of pistachios, Sultana raisins, golden raisins, sun-dried raisins, Malayer raisins, Kashmar raisins, almonds, all kinds of Iranian dates and with its modern facilities is ready to provide its customers with all these products.
Dates product
Iran is one of the world's largest date producers. Iran exports Mazafati, Kimia, Piarom, or Maryami dates.
References
See also
Agriculture in Iran
Fruit production
Luxor Museum

Luxor Museum is an archaeological museum in Luxor (ancient Thebes), Egypt. It stands on the corniche, overlooking the east bank of the River Nile.
Establishment
The Luxor Museum was inaugurated in 1975. It is a two-story building. The range of artifacts on display is far more restricted than the country's main collections in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo; this was, however, deliberate, since the museum prides itself on the quality of the pieces it has, the uncluttered way in which they are displayed, and the clear multilingual labeling used.
The museum was conceived by the Egyptian Ministry of Culture, which hired Dr. Mahmud El Hakim, a top Egyptian architect, to create the plans in 1962. The installation of the museum art works came later and was finished between 1972 and 1975.
Collection
Among the items on display are grave goods from the tomb of the 18th dynasty pharaoh Tutankhamun (KV62) and a collection of 26 New Kingdom statues that were found buried in the Luxor statue cache in the nearby Luxor Temple in 1989. The royal mummies of two pharaohs – Ahmose I and Ramesses I – were also put on display in the Luxor Museum in March 2004, as part of the new extension to the museum, which includes a small visitor centre. A major exhibit is a reconstruction of one of the walls of Akhenaten's temple at Karnak. One of the featured items in the collection is a calcite double statue of the crocodile god Sobek and the 18th Dynasty pharaoh Amenhotep III.
See also
List of museums of Egyptian antiquities
References
External links
Supreme Council of Antiquities; Luxor Museum Retrieved 22 August 2013
Luxor: The return of two kings
Museums established in 1975
Luxor
History museums in Egypt
Egyptological collections in Egypt
فيليكس أريكسون

فيليكس أريكسون هو لاعب هوكي الجليد سويدي، ولد في 8 يناير 1992 في يفله في السويد.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من يفله
لاعبو وسط هوكي جليد
لاعبو وسط هوكي جليد سويديون
مواليد 1992
رياضيون من مقاطعة يافلبورغ
رياضيون من يفله
أعلام هوكي جليد من يفله
جيرهارد فاغنر

جيرهارد فاغنر (25 أغسطس 1944 غلزنكيرشن ألمانيا - ) هو لاعب كرة قدم ألماني، يلعب كمهاجم، لعب 98 مباراة وسجل 8 أهداف.
مسيرته
مسيرته مع الأندية
1966 - 1967 لعب مع 12 مباراة.
1967 - 1968 لعب مع 33 مباراة سجل خلالها 8 أهداف.
1968 - 1969 لعب مع روت فايس إيسن 12 مباراة.
1969 - 1970 لعب مع آينتراخت فرانكفورت 5 مباريات.
1970 - 1971 لعب مع 12 مباراة.
1971 - 1974 لعب مع 12 مباراة.
1974 - 1977 لعب مع 12 مباراة.
روابط خارجية
مراجع
لاعبو آينتراخت فرانكفورت
لاعبو روت فايس إيسن
مواليد 1944
Diego Bri

Diego Bri
Diego Vicente Bri Carrazoni (born 12 September 2002) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a winger for Atlético Madrid B.
Club career
Born in Elche, Alicante, Valencian Community, Bri joined Elche CF's youth setup in 2016, from CF Celtic Elche. On 2 December 2018, aged just 17, he made his senior debut with the reserves by coming on as a half-time substitute in a 0–3 Tercera División away loss against Vilamarxant CF.
Bri made his professional debut with the Franjiverdes on 12 June 2020, replacing Omenuke Mfulu in a 1–1 home draw against Extremadura UD in the Segunda División championship. He scored his first senior goal on 29 November, netting the B's third in a 3–1 home win against Crevillente Deportivo.
On 24 June 2022, Bri signed a four-year contract with Atlético Madrid, being initially assigned to the reserves in Segunda División RFEF.
Personal life
Bri's father José was also a footballer, but only played amateur football during his entire career.
References
External links
2002 births
Living people
Footballers from Elche
Spanish men's footballers
Men's association football wingers
Segunda División players
Segunda Federación players
Tercera División players
Tercera Federación players
Elche CF Ilicitano footballers
Elche CF players
Atlético Madrid B players
هيرمان شيل

هيرمان شيل (و. ) هو فيلسوف، وأستاذ جامعي، وكاهن كاثوليكي، وعالم عقيدة ألماني، ولد في فرايبورغ، توفي في فورتسبورغ، عن عمر يناهز 56 عاماً.
روابط خارجية
مراجع
أشخاص من فرايبورغ
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة فورتسبورغ
إيطاليون في القرن 19
فلاسفة القرن 19
فلاسفة ألمان
فلاسفة ألمان في القرن 19
فلاسفة ألمان في القرن 20
فلاسفة ألمان في القرن 21
كتاب ذكور ألمان في القرن 19
كتاب غير روائيين ذكور ألمان
لاهوتيون ألمان في القرن 20
لاهوتيون ألمان في القرن 21
ماسونيون ألمان
مواليد 1850
وفيات 1906
رجال دين من فرايبورغ
كتاب من فرايبورغ
بيتر مانلي (لاعب دارت)

بيتر مانلي (لاعب دارت)
بيتر مانلي هو لاعب دارت بريطاني، ولد في 7 مارس 1962 في في المملكة المتحدة.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
لاعبو سهام مريشة إنجليز
مواليد 1962
اك اينيش ياخ اك اوك موء

اك اينيش ياخ اك اوك موء
بمعنى الشمس العظمى الأولى / الببغاء كويتزال الأخضر بلغة المايا، أو "مشمس العينين الببغاء كويتزال المتألق"، حكم بين 426 إلى حوالي 437) هو حسب نقوش المايا الحاكم والمؤسس وأول لأول نظام سياسي لـ حضارة المايا ما قبل كولومبوس والتي تركزت في كوبان، وهو أكبر موقع مايا يقع في منطقة السهول الجنوبية الشرقية المنخفضة فيما يعرف اليوم بـ هندوراس
أمضى سنواته التكوينية ليس بعيد عن كوبان، في تيكال، ولم يعش في تيوتيهواكان.
قبره في وسط الموقع العالي لـ كوبان، ودفن مع اليشم وحلي الاصداف، بما في ذلك غطاء الرأس جاحظ العينين. صورته تحتل المركز الأول على نحت مذبح Q ، والتي تبين قائمة سلالة الملك.
تم العثور على صورته في مناصب مهمة في اثار أخرى للحكام متأخرين في وقت لاحق
مايا في القرن 5
تاريخ أمريكا الوسطى
حضارات قديمة
حكام في القرن 5
مايا
ملكيون في أمريكا الشمالية القرن 5
Berkat Tush

Berkat Tush (also Romanized as Berkat Tūsh) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 104, in 17 families.
References
Populated places in Chabahar County
آيت ايشو (آيت وحليم)

آيت ايشو (آيت وحليم)
آيت ايشو هو دُوَّار يقع بجماعة تغبالت، إقليم زاكورة، جهة درعة تافيلالت في المملكة المغربية. ينتمي الدوّار لمشيخة آيت وحليم التي تضم 8 دواوير. يقدر عدد سكانه بـ 506 نسمة حسب الإحصاء الرسمي للسكان والسكنى لسنة 2004.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
البوابة الوطنية للجماعات الترابية
المندوبية السامية للتخطيط
أماكن مأهولة في آيت وحليم (تغبالت)
True and false (commands)

True and false (commands)
In Unix-like operating systems, true and false are commands whose only function is to always return with a predetermined exit status. Programmers and scripts often use the exit status of a command to assess success (exit status zero) or failure (non-zero) of the command. The true and false commands represent the logical values of command success, because true returns 0, and false returns 1.
Usage
The commands are usually employed in conditional statements and loops of shell scripts. For example, the following shell script repeats the echo hello loop until interrupted:
while true
do
echo hello
done
The commands can be used to ignore the success or failure of a sequence of other commands, as in the example:
make … && false
Setting a user's login shell to , in /etc/passwd, effectively denies them access to an interactive shell, but their account may still be valid for other services, such as FTP. (Although , if available, may be more fitting for this purpose, as it prints a notification before terminating the session.)
The programs take no "actual" parameters; in the GNU version, the standard parameter --help displays a usage summary and --version displays the program version.
Null command
The true command is sometimes substituted with the very similar null command, written as a single colon (:). The null command is built into the shell, and may therefore be more efficient if true is an external program (true is usually a shell built in function). We can rewrite the upper example using : instead of true:
while :
do
echo hello
done
The null command may take parameters, which are ignored. It is also used as a no-op dummy command for side-effects such as assigning default values to shell variables through the ${parameter:=word} parameter expansion form. For example, from bashbug, the bug-reporting script for Bash:
: ${TMPDIR:=/tmp}
: ${EDITOR=$DEFEDITOR}
: ${USER=${LOGNAME-`whoami`}}
See also
List of Unix commands
Two-valued logic
IEFBR14
Notes
References
External links
Manual pages
true(1): Do nothing, successfully – GNU Coreutils reference
false(1): Do nothing, unsuccessfully – GNU Coreutils reference
true(1): Return true value – FreeBSD manual page
false(1): Return false value – FreeBSD manual page
Standard Unix programs
Unix SUS2008 utilities
IBM i Qshell commands