Johns Hopkins School of Medicine

Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM) is the medical school of Johns Hopkins University, a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1893, the School of Medicine shares a campus with Johns Hopkins Hospital and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, established in 1889.
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine consistently ranks among the top medical schools in the United States in terms of research grants awarded by the National Institutes of Health, and other factors.
History
The founding physicians of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, sometimes referred to as the "Four Physicians", were pathologist William Henry Welch (1850–1934), the first dean of the school and a mentor to generations of research scientists,; Canadian, internist William Osler (1849–1919), who was perhaps the most influential physician of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and the author of The Principles and Practice of Medicine (1892), surgeon William Stewart Halsted (1852–1922), who revolutionized surgery by insisting on subtle skill and technique and strict adherence to sanitary procedures, and gynecologist Howard Atwood Kelly (1858–1943), a gynecological surgeon credited with establishing gynecology as a specialty and being among the first to use radium in the treatment of cancer.
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine opened 17 years after its original visionary benefactor Johns Hopkins (1795–1873) died with large financial assistance offered by several wealthy daughters of Baltimore's business elite on condition that the medical school be open equally to students of both sexes, which resulted in the medical school being one of the first co-educational medical colleges.
Campus
The School of Medicine shares a campus with the Johns Hopkins Hospital and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, which serve as the school's main teaching hospitals along with several other regional medical centers, including Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center on Eastern Avenue in East Baltimore, Howard County General Hospital near Ellicott City, Suburban Hospital in Bethesda, Sibley Memorial Hospital in Washington, D.C., and Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital in St. Petersburg, Florida. Together, they form an academic health science centre.
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine is the home of many medical advancements and contributions, including the first of many to admit women and to introduce rubber gloves, which provided a sterile approach to conducting surgical procedures. Johns Hopkins has also published The Harriet Lane Handbook, an influential source of medical information for pediatricians, for over 60 years. The Lieber Institute for Brain Development is an affiliate of the school.
Reputation
According to the Flexner Report, Hopkins has served as the model for American medical education.
Its major teaching hospital, the Johns Hopkins Hospital, was ranked the top hospital in the United States every year from 1991 to 2011 by U.S. News & World Report. In 2023-2024, U.S. News & World Report ranked Hopkins #2 among all medical schools in the United States.
Colleges
Upon matriculation, medical students at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine are divided into four colleges named after famous Hopkins faculty members who have had an impact in the history of medicine, Florence Sabin, Vivien Thomas, Daniel Nathans, and Helen Taussig. The colleges were established to "foster camaraderie, networking, advising, mentoring, professionalism, clinical skills, and scholarship" in 2005.
In each incoming class, 30 students are assigned to each college, and each college is further subdivided into six molecules of five students each. Each molecule is advised and taught by a faculty advisor, who instructs them in Clinical Foundations of Medicine, a core first-year course, and continues advising them throughout their 4 years of medical school. The family within each college of each molecule across the four years who belong to a given advisor is referred to as a macromolecule. Every year, the colleges compete in the "College Olympics" in late October, a competition that includes athletic events and sports, as well as art battles and dance-offs.
Thomas College was named for Vivien Thomas, the surgical technician who was the driving force behind the successful creation of the Blalock-Taussig Shunt procedure, later renamed the Blalock-Taussig-Thomas shunt. Thomas, an African American, did not initially receive rightful credit due to racial discrimination. His story was detailed in the 2004 HBO documentary Something the Lord Made
Governance
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine is led by Ronald J. Daniels, president of Johns Hopkins University and Paul B. Rothman, its chief executive officer and dean of the medical faculty, and Redonda Miller, president of Johns Hopkins Hospital and its health system.
Nobel laureates
Since its founding, eighteen Nobel laureates have been associated with the School of Medicine as alumni or and faculty. Johns Hopkins University as a whole counts 38 Nobel laureates.
Gregg L. Semenza – Faculty, pediatrician, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 2019
William Kaelin Jr. – former resident, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 2019
Carol Greider – Faculty, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 2009
Richard Axel – MD 1971, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 2004
Peter Agre – MD 1974, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 2003
Paul Greengard – PhD 1953, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 2000
Henry David Abraham – MD 1967, Nobel Peace Prize (co-recipient), 1985
David H. Hubel – former resident, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1981
Torsten Wiesel – Faculty, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1981
Hamilton O. Smith – Faculty, MD 1956, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1978
Daniel Nathans – Faculty, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1978
Haldan Keffer Hartline – MD 1927, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1967
Francis Peyton Rous – MD, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1966
Joseph Erlanger – MD 1899, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1944
Herbert Spencer Gasser – MD 1915, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1944
George Minot – Assistant in Medicine, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1934
George Whipple – MD 1905, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1934
Thomas Hunt Morgan – PhD 1890, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1933
Notable faculty and alumni
John Jacob Abel, pharmacologist, founder and chair of the first department of pharmacology in the U.S.
Fuller Albright, endocrinologist who discovered Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy and McCune–Albright syndrome
Dorothy Hansine Andersen, identified cystic fibrosis and Andersen's disease
John Auer, physiologist and pharmacologist, namesake of the Auer rod in acute myeloid leukemia
Stanhope Bayne-Jones, bacteriologist and U.S. Army Brigadier General
Jeremy M. Berg, former director of biophysics and biophysical chemistry and co-author of the Biochemistry textbook
George Packer Berry, dean of Harvard Medical School
John Shaw Billings, a Civil War surgeon who pioneered hygiene
Alfred Blalock, developed field of cardiac surgery, including the Blalock–Taussig shunt
Mary Blue, neurobiologist and computational neurologist
Eugene Braunwald, cardiologist, editor of Braunwald's Heart Disease, now in its 11th edition, and longtime editor of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
Max Brödel, medical illustrator who illustrated for Harvey Cushing, William Halsted, and Howard Atwood Kelly
William R. Brody, radiologist, president of the Salk Institute, and former president of Johns Hopkins University
Ernesto Bustamante, biochemist and molecular biologist and former chief of the National Institute of Health of Peru, elected Member of Parliament of Peru
Karen Carroll (pathologist), infectious disease pathologist and medical microbiologist, professor of pathology and Director of the Division of Medical Microbiology
Ben Carson, pediatric neurosurgeon and U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom
Caroline August Chandler, associate professor of pediatrics
Patricia Charache, microbiologist and infectious disease specialist
Denton Cooley, cardiovascular surgeon
John Fielding Crigler, pediatrician who first described Crigler–Najjar syndrome
Thomas Stephen Cullen, helped establish the first gynecologic pathology laboratory and advanced understanding of endometriosis and other gynecologic conditions
Harvey Cushing, considered the "father of modern neurosurgery" who identified Cushing's syndrome and the Cushing ulcer
Walter Dandy, neurosurgeon and the namesake of the Dandy–Walker syndrome
Daniel C. Darrow, pediatrician and clinical biochemist
George Delahunty, physiologist and endocrinologist and the Lilian Welsh Professor of Biology at Goucher College
Catherine Clarke Fenselau, biochemist and mass spectrometrist
Joseph F. Fraumeni Jr., described Li–Fraumeni syndrome
Irwin Freedberg, former director of the school's dermatology department
Ernest William Goodpasture, pathologist who described Goodpasture syndrome
Alan I. Green, psychiatrist and professor at Geisel School of Medicine
William Halsted, considered the "father of modern surgery" and one of four founders of Johns Hopkins Medicine
J. William Harbour, ocular oncologist, cancer researcher, and vice chairman at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute at the University of Miami's Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine
Andy Harris, U.S. Congressman
Tinsley R. Harrison, cardiologist and editor of the first five editions of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
Arthur D. Hirschfelder, apprentice under William Osler and Johns Hopkins' first full-time cardiologist
Leroy Hood, invented automated DNA and protein sequencing, Lasker Award winner, and entrepreneur
Howard A. Howe, polio researcher
Ralph H. Hruban, pancreatic cancer expert who authored over 700 peer-reviewed manuscripts and five books and was recognized by Essential Science Indicators as the most highly cited pancreatic cancer scientist in the world
Kay Redfield Jamison, psychologist and psychiatry professor and author of An Unquiet Mind
James Jude, "father of CPR" and thoracic surgeon who developed cardiopulmonary resuscitation
William Kaelin Jr., Nobel Prize recipient and internal medicine physician
Leo Kanner, "father of child psychiatry" who first described autism in Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact, published in 1943
Chester Keefer, "penicillin czar" during World War II who managed distribution and allocation of the new drug for civilian uses in the U.S., and dean of Boston University School of Medicine
Howard Kelly, gynecologist credited with establishing gynecology as a specialty
Harry Klinefelter, rheumatologist, endocrinologist, and namesake of Klinefelter syndrome
Ricardo J Komotar, neurosurgeon and director of the University of Miami's Brain Tumor Initiative, the University of Miami neurosurgery residency program, and the University of Miami Surgical Neurooncology residence program
William B. Kouwenhoven, electrical engineer who developed the external defibrillator and helped develop cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Albert L. Lehninger, former chairman of the school's biological chemistry department and author of 'Principles of Biochemistry, a widely-used textbook
Bruce Lerman, cardiologist and chief of the Division of Cardiology and director of the Cardiac Electrophysiology Laboratory at Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital
Michael Lesch, physician who first described Lesch–Nyhan syndrome
Frederick Masoudi cardiologist, researcher, and medical academic with expertise in cardiovascular outcomes research, clinical registries, and quality measurement
Howard Markel, pediatrician, historian of medicine, medical journalist; Guggenheim Fellow, and member of the National Academy of Medicine
Donovan James McCune, first described McCune–Albright syndrome
Paul R. McHugh, former psychiatrist-in-chief at Johns Hopkins
Victor A. McKusick, developed the field of medical genetics, namesake of McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, and founder of OMIM
John Menkes, first identified Menkes disease
Adolf Meyer, first psychiatrist-in-chief at Johns Hopkins
Vernon Mountcastle, neuroscientist and Lasker Award winner
Victor Assad Najjar, pediatrician who first described Crigler–Najjar syndrome
William Nyhan, pediatrician who first described Lesch–Nyhan syndrome
William Osler, considered the "father of modern medicine", discovered Osler–Weber–Rendu syndrome, a hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Monica E. Peek, Ellen H. Block Professor for Health Justice and Associate Vice Chair for Research Faculty Development at the University of Chicago's Pritzker School of Medicine
Wilder Penfield, pioneer of epilepsy neurosurgery who developed the cortical homunculus
Peter Pronovost, former anesthesiology faculty, Time 100 in 2008, authored over 800 articles and book chapters on patient safety, advisor to the World Health Organization's World Alliance for Patient Safety
Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa, neurosurgeon and former Johns Hopkins neurosurgery faculty member
Mark M. Ravitch, surgeon who pioneered modern surgical staples
Dorothy Reed, pathologist and namesake of Reed–Sternberg cell in Hodgkin's lymphoma
Dale G. Renlund, cardiologist
Mark C. Rogers, first director of the pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) at Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1977, authored Rogers' Textbook of Pediatric Intensive Care David Sabatini, Howard Hughes Investigator and molecular biologist who discovered mTOR, the mammalian target of rapamycin
Florence Sabin, anatomist and namesake of Sabin College at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Ernest Sachs , neurosurgeon
Mark Schlissel, president emeritus of the University of Michigan
Pamela Sklar, neuroscientist and psychiatrist
Solomon H. Snyder, neuroscientist and Lasker Award winner
Julie Ann Sosa, professor and chair of the Department of Surgery and the Leon Goldman Distinguished Professor of Surgery at the University of California, San Francisco
Gertrude Stein, novelist, poet, and playwright
Charlotte Sumner, neurologist
Helen B. Taussig, founder of pediatric cardiology, developed Blalock–Taussig shunt, namesake of Taussig College at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Vivien Thomas, developed the Blalock–Taussig shunt, namesake of Thomas College at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Thomas Turner, microbiologist, archivist, and former dean of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Victor Velculescu, cancer genomics pioneer and entrepreneur
Bert Vogelstein, oncologist and pioneer in cancer genetics, first explained the role of p53 in cancer
Rochelle Walensky, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention director
Myron L. Weisfeldt, cardiologist and former William Osler Professor of Medicine and chairman of the Department of Medicine at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
David B. Weishampel, paleontologist and author of The Dinosauria William H. Welch, pathologist known as the dean of American Medicine, and the first Dean of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Bang Wong, creative director of the Broad Institute at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University
Hugh Hampton Young, urologist and former Johns Hopkins chair head of urology
Neal S. Young, chief of the Hematology Branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and Director of the Center for Human Immunology at the NIH
Elias Zerhouni, radiologist and former director of the National Institutes of Health
Sheila West, ophthalmologist at Wilmer Eye Institute
In popular culture
The ABC documentary series Hopkins takes a look at the life of the medical staff and students of the Johns Hopkins Hospital and Health System. This new series is a sequel to the 2000 ABC special Hopkins 24/7. Both Hopkins and Hopkins 24/7 were awarded the Peabody Award.
The movie Something the Lord Made'' is the story of two men – an ambitious white surgeon, head of surgery at the Johns Hopkins Hospital and a gifted black carpenter turned lab technician – who defied the racial strictures of the Jim Crow South and together pioneered the field of heart surgery.
References
External links
1893 establishments in Maryland
Academic health science centres
Universities and colleges established in 1893
Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
Medicine
Medical schools in Maryland
Middle East, Baltimore