Isotopes of magnesium

Isotopes of magnesium
Magnesium (12Mg) naturally occurs in three stable isotopes: and . There are 19 radioisotopes that have been discovered, ranging from to (with the exception of ). The longest-lived radioisotope is with a half-life of . The lighter isotopes mostly decay to isotopes of sodium while the heavier isotopes decay to isotopes of aluminium. The shortest-lived is proton-unbound with a half-life of , though the half-life of similarly unbound has not been measured.
A precise measurement of the neutron-rich 40Mg in 2019 showed the unexpected difference in its nuclear structure, compared to the lighter neighboring isotopes.
List of isotopes
|-
|
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | 6
|
|
| 2p
|
| 0+
|
|
|-
|
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | 7
|
|
| 2p
|
| 1/2−#
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 12
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 8
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| β+
|
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β+p
|
|-
| rowspan=4|
| rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 12
| rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 9
| rowspan=4|
| rowspan=4|
| β+
|
| rowspan=4|5/2+
| rowspan=4|
| rowspan=4|
|-
| β+p
|
|-
| β+α
|
|-
| β+pα
|
|-
|
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | 10
|
|
| β+
|
| 0+
|
|
|-
|
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | 11
|
|
| β+
|
| 3/2+
|
|
|-
|
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | 12
|
| colspan=3 align=center|Stable
| 0+
| colspan=2 align=center|[, ]
|-
|
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | 13
|
| colspan=3 align=center|Stable
| 5/2+
| colspan=2 align=center|[, ]
|-
|
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | 14
|
| colspan=3 align=center|Stable
| 0+
| colspan=2 align=center|[, ]
|-
|
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | 15
|
|
| β−
|
| 1/2+
|
|
|-
|
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | 16
|
|
| β−
|
| 0+
|
|
|-
|
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | 17
|
|
| β−
|
| 3/2+
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 12
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 18
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| β− (> )
|
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−n (< )
|
|-
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 12
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 19
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| β−
|
| rowspan=2|1/2+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−n
|
|-
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 12
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 20
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| β−
|
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−n
|
|-
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 12
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 21
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
| β−
|
| rowspan=3|3/2−
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
|-
| β−n
|
|-
| β−2n ?
| ?
|-
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 12
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 22
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
| β− (> )
|
| rowspan=3|0+
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
|-
| β−n
|
|-
| β−2n (< )
|
|-
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 12
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 23
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
| β−n
|
| rowspan=3|(3/2−, 5/2−)
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
|-
| β−
|
|-
| β−2n ?
| ?
|-
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 12
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 24
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
| β−
|
| rowspan=3|0+
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
|-
| β−n
|
|-
| β−2n ?
| ?
|-
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 12
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 25
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
| β− ?
| ?
| rowspan=3|(3/2−)
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
|-
| β−n ?
| ?
|-
| β−2n ?
| ?
|-
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 12
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 26
| rowspan=3|#
| rowspan=3|3.1(4 (stat), 2 (sys)) ms
| β−n (81%)
|
| rowspan=3|0+
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
|-
| β− (9%)
|
|-
| β−2n (9%)
|
|-
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 12
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 28
| rowspan=3|#
| rowspan=3|1# ms [> ]
| β− ?
| ?
| rowspan=3|0+
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
|-
| β−n ?
| ?
|-
| β−2n ?
| ?
|-
External links
Magnesium isotopes data from The Berkeley Laboratory Isotopes Project's
References
Magnesium
Magnesium