PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
ريكو

ريكو (1 يناير 1967 -)، مغني وممثل مصري. عمل في فرقة محمد منير في بدايته، ثم اتجه للغناء، واشتهر بالسينما.
أعماله
فوبيا (أغنية جمد قلبك)
بنات وسط البلد (أغنية الفيلم)
برنامج بفلوسي (أغنية البرنامج)
ضربة حظ.
كداب يا صاحبي.
الفرقة 16 أجرام.
دقي يا مزيكا.
فوكك مني.
أنا وبابا.
دندوش يبأجر مفروش.
ملك الشحاتين.
صايع بحر.
الساحر.
عريس من جهة أمنية.
حاحا وتفاحة.
عليا الطرب بالتلاتة.
يا دلعوا (أغنية)
روابط خارجية
مراجع
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
مغنون مصريون
ممثلون مصريون
مواليد 1382 هـ
مواليد 1965
آنا ويلان بيتس

آنا ويلان بيتس هي رسامة أمريكية، ولدت في 15 مايو 1875 في فيلادلفيا في الولايات المتحدة، وتوفيت في 6 فبراير 1959 في نيو هوب في الولايات المتحدة.
مراجع
خريجو جامعة دركسل
رسامات توضيحيات أمريكيات
رسامون توضيحيون أمريكيون
فنانون من فيلادلفيا
مواليد 1873
مواليد 1875
وفيات 1959
يحبطني (أغنية)

يحبطني (أغنية)
يحبطنى هي أغنية لفريق ون دايركشن، تم إصدارها في 31 يوليو 2015، وتم إصدار الفيديو الموسيقى والرسمى للأغنية على موقع فيفو في 21 أغسطس 2015، تم تصوير الفيديو في مركز لندون بي جونسون للفضاء التابعة لوكالة ناسا في هيوستن في تكساس، تم إصدار تلك الأغنية كأول أغنية منفردة للفرقة لألبوم الفرقة الخامس صنع في الصباح، تعتبر أول أغنية للفرقة منذ رحيل زين مالك من الفرقة.
مراجع
أغاني احتلت المرتبة الأولى في ترتيب الأغاني الأيرلندية
أغان منفردة حققت المركز الأول في إسكتلندا
أغان منفردة حققت المركز الأول في المجر
أغان منفردة حققت المركز الأول في المملكة المتحدة
أغان منفردة حققت المركز الأول في اليونان
أغان منفردة حققت المركز الأول في أستراليا
أغان منفردة حققت المركز الأول في نيوزيلندا
أغان منفردة في 2015
أغاني 2015
أغاني ون دايركشن
ألبومات 2015
ألبومات باللغة الإنجليزية
ألبومات ون دايركشن
حضيري أبو عزيز

حضيري أبو عزيز
حضيري حسن بن رهيف الصرخبي العبودي المشهور ب حضيري أبو عزيز ، من قبيلة العبودة موسيقي عراقي محبوب، ولد في الشطرة التابعة لمحافظة ذي قار سنة 1909 اشتغل في بداية حياته خياطا حتى انتقل إلى بغداد حيث غني في الإذاعة لأول مرة سنة 1937.
عن حياته
سنة 1945 قام بتسجيلَ إسطوانات وقدم حفلات في الإذاعة ، و المسارح ، إضافة إلى ذلك قدم حفلات في أقطار الوطن العربي ، له أسلوب مميز في الغناء الريفي، كما ألف أغاني من تلحينه على نسق الألحان والنصوص الشعبية كتبها ولحنها بنفسه. ومن أشهر أغانيه أغنية عمي يبياع الورد التي كانت من الأغاني الشعبية المحبوبة في كافة أنحاء العراق، وتوفي عام 1973.
مراجع
أشخاص من الشطرة
أشخاص يحتمل أن يكونوا أحياء
شيعة عراقيون
مغنون ومغنيات عراقيون
مواليد 1909
George Lusztig

George Lusztig (born Gheorghe Lusztig; May 20, 1946) is a Romanian-born American mathematician and Abdun Nur Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He was a Norbert Wiener Professor in the Department of Mathematics from 1999 to 2009.
Education and career
Born in Timișoara to a Hungarian-Jewish family, he did his undergraduate studies at the University of Bucharest, graduating in 1968. Later that year he left Romania for the United Kingdom, where he spent several months at the University of Warwick and Oxford University. In 1969 he moved to the United States, where he went to work for two years with Michael Atiyah at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. He received his PhD in mathematics in 1971 after completing a doctoral dissertation, titled "Novikov's higher signature and families of elliptic operators", under the supervision of William Browder and Michael Atiyah.
Lusztig worked for almost seven years at the University of Warwick. His involvement at the university encompassed a Research Fellowship, (1971–72); lecturer in Mathematics, (1972–74); and Professor of Mathematics, (1974–78). In 1978, he accepted a chair at MIT.
Contributions
He is known for his work on representation theory, in particular for the objects closely related to algebraic groups, such as finite reductive groups, Hecke algebras, -adic groups, quantum groups, and Weyl groups. He essentially paved the way for modern representation theory. This has included fundamental new concepts, including the character sheaves, the Deligne–Lusztig varieties, and the Kazhdan–Lusztig polynomials.
Awards and honors
In 1983, Lusztig was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society. In 1985 Lusztig won the Cole Prize (Algebra). He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1992. He received the Brouwer Medal in 1999, the National Order of Faithful Service in 2003 and the Leroy P. Steele Prize for Lifetime Achievement in Mathematics in 2008. In 2012, he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society and in 2014 he received the Shaw Prize in Mathematics. In 2022, he received the Wolf Prize in Mathematics.
References
External links
George Lusztig's entry in the International Who's Who.
專訪 George Lusztig 教授 (Interview with Prof. George Lusztig, in Chinese) in 數學傳播.
1946 births
Living people
20th-century American mathematicians
20th-century Romanian mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
21st-century Romanian mathematicians
Academics of the University of Warwick
American people of Romanian-Jewish descent
Brouwer Medalists
Fellows of the American Mathematical Society
Fellows of the Royal Society
Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars
International Mathematical Olympiad participants
Jewish American scientists
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science faculty
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Princeton University alumni
Recipients of the National Order of Faithful Service
Romanian emigrants to the United States
Romanian Jews
Scientists from Timișoara
University of Bucharest alumni
Vinícius Reche

Vinícius Reche
Vinícius da Cunha Reche (born 28 January 1984), simply known as Vinícius Reche is a Brazilian professional footballer playing for Al Taawon in Saudi Professional League as a midfielder.
Club career
A product of the Palmeiras youth academy, he played for the senior team twice between 2004 and 2007. After being released by the club, he joined Vasco da Gama where he made 5 appearances. He then had a short stint with Ituano. He then entered French football with Angers. After returning to Brazil, he joined Portuguese club Estoril Praia. Reche embraced Asian football with Saudi Arabian club Al Nassr in 2011. He won the best player of the month in December 2013.
References
External links
1984 births
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
Brazilian men's footballers
Footballers from São Paulo
Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras players
Grêmio Barueri Futebol players
Ituano FC players
Angers SCO players
Mirassol Futebol Clube players
G.D. Estoril Praia players
Al Nassr FC players
Al Wehda FC players
Al Taawoun FC players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players
Ligue 2 players
Primeira Liga players
K League 1 players
Saudi Pro League players
ستيف غرين (سياسي)

ستيف غرين (سياسي)
ستيف غرين هو سياسي أمريكي، ولد في 28 مايو 1960. حزبياً، نشط في . وقد انتخب عضو مجلس نواب مينيسوتا.
مراجع
أشخاص من مقاطعة بولك (مينيسوتا)
أعضاء مجلس نواب ولاية مينيسوتا
جمهوريون من مينيسوتا
سياسيون أمريكيون أصليون
سياسيون أمريكيون في القرن 21
مشرعو الولايات أمريكيون أصليون
مواليد 1960
مشرعو الولايات أمريكيون أصليون في مينيسوتا
أعضاء الحزب الجمهوري في مجلس نواب ولاية مينيسوتا
آن فرنسيس (مؤلفة)

آن فرنسيس (مؤلفة)
آن فرنسيس (1738 - 7 نوفمبر 1800)؛ كاتِبة وشاعرة بريطانية.
روابط خارجية
المصادر
إنجليز في القرن 18
إنجليزيات في القرن 18
باحثات كلاسيكيات
باحثون كلاسيكيون إنجليز
شاعرات إنجليزيات
كاتبات بريطانيات في القرن 18
كتاب إنجليز في القرن 18
مواليد 1738
وفيات 1800
Longue-Pointe-de-Mingan, Quebec

Longue-Pointe-de-Mingan, Quebec
Longue-Pointe-de-Mingan is a municipality in the Côte-Nord region of the province of Quebec in Canada.
The descriptive name Longue-Pointe (French for "Long Point") refers to a long spit of sand west of the village that has had various names through the centuries: first called Longue Pointe on a map of 1735, followed by the English form of Long Point in the late 17th and early 18th century, then Mingan Point on the map of Captain Carver (1776). James Cook and Placide Vigneau called it Pointe de Mingan (1784) and Longue-Pointe-de-Mingan (1857) respectively.
History
Around 1880, the first settlers arrived, mostly from Paspébiac, themselves descendants of Acadians. In 1885, the post office opened.
The municipality was officially created in 1966 as Longue-Pointe, but renamed to Longue-Pointe-de-Mingan on April 5, 1997.
Demographics
Population
Language
Tourism
In the region, there is a statue of a Giant Puffin. It is a tribute to the seabirds that live in colonies around the town's shores. On July 5, 2010, Canada Post made a commemorative stamp of the giant Atlantic Puffin as part of its Roadside Attractions collection.
The town is also the location of the Mingan Island Cetacean Study (MICS), a research station that studies marine animals. MICS gives tourists the opportunity to support the organization by allowing visitors to ride on a boat with the research team. While on this boat, visitors can expect to come within meters of whales and other marine animals.
See also
List of municipalities in Quebec
References
Municipalities in Quebec
Incorporated places in Côte-Nord
Smoking pipe

Smoking pipe
A smoking pipe is used to taste the smoke of a burning substance; most common is a tobacco pipe. Pipes are commonly made from briar, heather, corn, meerschaum, clay, cherry, glass, porcelain, ebonite and acrylic.
Dutch pipe smoking
During the 17th century, pipe smoking became a new trend among the Dutch young, in specific the upper and middle class students. These students copied the Spanish sailors and soldiers in the area by joining them in participation of pipe smoking. In particular they were interested in the novelty it brought, which was the taste of smoke. However, the only way to smoke tobacco was through a pipe. Popularity grew throughout and became a mainstream habit for the Dutch during this time. “In a relatively short period of time, from 1590 to 1650, the Dutch Republic had gone from being a country of non-smokers to being a tobaccophile of Europe.” Typically, these young folk did their smoking in smoking rooms or parlors, also known as “tobacco houses.” They smoked for social habit, usually with other smokers. “It took more than a century for this new practice to come into fashion.” The popularity of pipes grew interest in artists. Although pipes has once been associated with the lower class, it turned into a symbol of prestige and vanity. Images of pipes could be found in numerous painting during the time. For example, in Willem Buytewech’s painting The Merry Company (circa 1620–1622), there are three young men and a woman sitting around a table with a tobacco pipe lying in the middle. Additionally, in artist Adriaen Brouwer’s portrait The Smokers (1636), he too was interested in the pipe. The smokers in the painting are sucking on their pipes.
Types
Bowl (smoking), pipes of various designs for smoking cannabis
Bong, also known as a water pipe
Ceremonial pipe, used by some Native American peoples
Chalice, a pipe used by Rastafari in cannabis rituals
Chibouk, a long-stemmed Turkish tobacco pipe with a clay bowl, often ornamented with precious stones
Chillum (pipe), conical smoking pipe originally from India
Hookah, tall stemmed pipe in which the smoke is cooled and filtered by passing through water, also known as a water pipe
Kiseru, Japanese pipe traditionally used for smoking finely shredded tobacco
Love rose, a pipe for smoking crack cocaine
Midwakh, small smoking pipe of Arabian origin
Pizzo (pipe), a pipe designed for freebasing drugs
Sebsi, traditional Moroccan smoking pipe
TEC Pipe, Thermal electric cooling Pipe.
See also
Pipedia
History and culture of substituted amphetamines
Crack epidemic in the United States
War on drugs
References
External links
Pipe smoking
Tobacciana
Broad-concept articles
Fur trade
bs:Lula
ko:파이프 담배
hr:Lula
hu:Pipa
مادهافا-كارا

مادهافا-كارا
مادهافا (أو مادهافا - كارا ) هو طبيب هندي من القرن السابع أو أوائل القرن الثامن حيث ألف كتاب the Rug-vinischay و المعروف أيضا باسم مادهافا نيدانا والذي سرعان ما اكتسب أهمية كبيرة. يسرد المؤلف في هذا الكتاب من خلال 79 فصلا الأمراض مع أسبابها وأعراضها و مضاعفاتها . كما وضع فيه أيضا فصلا عن الجدري.
المراجع
أطباء هنود في القرن 7
أطباء هنود في القرن 8
أطباء هنود قدماء
كتاب هنود
كتاب هنود في القرن 7
كتاب هنود في القرن 8
قائمة رؤساء تشاد

قائمة رؤساء تشاد
هذه قائمة رؤساء الدول في تشاد "منذ استقلال البلاد عن فرنسا في عام 1960 حتى يومنا هذا.
مجموعه من ستة أشخاص خدموا كرئيس لدولة تشاد (باستثناء اثنين من رؤساء الدولة المؤقتين). بالإضافة إلى ذلك، خدم شخص واحد، كوكوني عويدي، في مناسبتين غير متتاليتين.
الرئيس الحالي لدولة تشاد هو رئيس المجلس العسكري الانتقالي محمد ديبي، منذ 20 أبريل 2021 عقب موت والد إدريس ديبي.
لقب رأس الدولة
1960-1962: رئيس الدولة
1962-1975 : رئيس الجمهورية
1975: رئيس المجلس العسكري الأعلى
1975-1978: رئيس الدولة
1978-1979: رئيس الجمهورية
1979: رئيس مجلس الدولة المؤقت
1979: رئيس الحكومة الانتقالية للوحدة الوطنية
1979: رئيس اللجنة الإدارية المؤقتة
1979-1982: رئيس الحكومة الانتقالية للوحدة الوطنية
1982: رئيس مجلس قيادة القوات المسلحة للشمال.
1982: رئيس مجلس الدولة
1982-1990 : رئيس الجمهورية
1990: رئيس الحركة الوطنية للإنقاذ.
1990-1991 : رئيس مجلس الدولة
1991-2021: رئيس الجمهورية
2021 – الآن: رئيس المجلس العسكري الانتقالي
قائمة رؤساء تشاد
؛ الأحزاب السياسية
؛ فصائل أخرى
؛ حالة
ملاحظات
مصادر
تأسيسات سنة 1962 في تشاد
تاريخ تشاد السياسي
سياسة تشاد
قادة دولة تشاد
قوائم أعلام تشاديون
ت
قوائم متعلقة بتشاد
Račić, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Račić, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Račić (Serbian Cyrillic: Рачић) is a village in the municipality of Bihać, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Demographics
According to the 2013 census, its population was nil, down from 286 in 1991.
References
Populated places in Bihać
إسبيرانزا باور

إسبيرانزا باور هي ممثلة مكسيكية، ولدت في عام 1924، في مدينة مكسيكو في المكسيك، وتوفيت بنفس المكان في 11 مارس عام 1955، بسبب نوبة قلبية.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
جون واين
ممثلات مكسيكيات في القرن 20
ممثلات من ميكسيكو سيتي
مواليد 1924
مواليد عقد 1920
وفيات 1955
وفيات 1961
وفيات بسبب أمراض قلبية وعائية
وفيات بعمر 36
Maria Flaxman

Maria Flaxman (1768–1833) was an English painter and illustrator.
Life
Maria, also noted as Mary Ann or Maria T Flaxman, was the half-sister of John Flaxman, she was influenced by his work and assisted him in the last years of his life. Maria Flaxman was employed as a governess to the Hare-Naylor family while they were living in Italy and at Weimar. In 1810 she moved to John Flaxman's house at Buckingham Street, just off The Strand in Central London, residing there until his death.
She is best known for six designs engraved by William Blake, illustrations published in the 1803 edition of William Hayley's Triumphs of Temper. Her works were contributed to the Royal Academy between 1780 and 1819, primarily designs for illustration of poetry and romance.
In his Life of Blake, Alexander Gilchrist describes the work for Hayley's poem, finally issued in 1807,
"These amateur designs, aiming at an idealized domesticity, are expressive and beautiful in the Flaxman-Stothard manner; abound in grace of line, elegance of composition, and other artist-like virtues of a now obsolete sort."There is a self portrait on ivory in the National Portrait Gallery, London and a diary from 1806 in the Bodleian Library.
References
External links
Illustrations in The Butterfly's Funeral, J. L. B. and William Roscoe
1768 births
1833 deaths
18th-century English women artists
19th-century English women artists
British women illustrators
English women artists
English illustrators
وانغ شياو

وانغ شياو (18 أبريل 1992 بآنشان في الصين - ) هو لاعب كرة قدم صيني في مركز الهجوم. لعب مع جيجيانغ غرينتاون ونادي شنجن و و.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية صينيون
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
رياضيون من آنشان
لاعبو دوري السوبر الصيني
لاعبو الدوري الصيني لكرة القدم الدرجة الأولى
لاعبو جيجيانغ غرينتاون
لاعبو كرة قدم صينيون
لاعبو كرة قدم من لياونينغ
مواليد 1992
Saparmurat Turkmenbashy Olympic Stadium

Saparmurat Turkmenbashy Olympic Stadium was a multi-purpose stadium in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, that stood on the site now occupied by the new Olympic Stadium, built between 2013 and 2017.
Overview
The stadium held 30,000 people and was built in 2003, named for Saparmurat Niyazov. In 2017, it hosted Asian Olympic Council’s Asian Indoor & Martial Arts games that included participation from Australia and wider Oceania. The wider Ashgabat Olympic Park also hosted the 2018 World Weightlifting Championships.
In 2007 the Turkmen government decided to reconstruct the stadium and to enlarge it. The new arena seats up to 45,000 people. The stadium closed in 2012, and was partially demolished in 2013 for redevelopment. The most prominent feature of the new renovations is head of an Ahal-Teke horse, which resembles the national emblem of the country.
Events
The stadium is mostly used for football matches by the Turkmen national football team, but also for musical performances by Turkmen pop stars such as Maral Ibragimova.
The reconstructed stadium was the site of the 5th Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games, also called the 5th Asian Indoor Games. The opening and closing ceremonies for the games were held on 17 and 27 September 2017.
See also
Ashgabat Stadium
References
External links
New Project
Football venues in Turkmenistan
Sports venues in Ashgabat
Athletics (track and field) venues in Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan
Multi-purpose stadiums in Turkmenistan
Sports venues completed in 2003
2003 establishments in Turkmenistan
لارس كروز

لارس كروز هو صياد سمك دنماركي، ولد في 5 يونيو 1828، وتوفي في 9 مارس 1894 بسبب غرق.
مراجع
أشخاص من سكاجن
صيادو سمك
عارضون فنيون دنماركيون
مواليد 1828
وفيات 1894
وفيات بسبب الغرق
وفيات عرضية في الدنمارك
Max Fleischer (painter)

Max Fleischer (painter)
Richard Paul Max Fleischer (4 July 1861, Lipine in Oberschlesien, Kingdom of Prussia – 3 April 1930, Menton, France) was a German painter and bryologist. As a botanist, he is remembered for his work with Javan mosses.
Biography
He took art classes in Breslau, qualifying as an art teacher in 1881. He furthered his studies in Munich and Paris, where his interest in natural sciences grew. He subsequently moved to Zurich in 1892 in order to study geology. In the latter part of the 1890s, he was invited by botanist Melchior Treub to Java as an illustrator. On Java, along with his artistic duties, he collected regional botanical specimens and conducted investigations of the island's mosses. During his time spent in the Dutch East Indies, he also learned the technique of creating batik prints from vegetable dyes.
After several years on Java, he traveled to New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, Australia, New Zealand and South America, prior to returning to Germany in 1903. From 1908 to 1913, he revisited Maritime Southeast Asia, where he collected mostly bryophytes but also orchids and fungi on Java.
In 1914 he began work at the botanical museum in Berlin and three years later, he was appointed a professor of botany at the University of Berlin. In 1925 he traveled to the Canary Islands in order to paint and to study the regions' mosses. During the following year, he relocated to The Hague, and in 1927 he returned to the Canaries with his second wife, P.G. Haigton. After his death in 1930, his private collections and library were purchased by an antiquarian in Leipzig.
Gallery
Publications
"Die Musci der Flora von Buitenzorg : zugleich Laubmoosflora von Java / bearbeitet von Max Fleischer ; Enthaltend alle aus Java bekannt gewordenden Sphagnales und Bryales, nebst kritischen Bemerkungen vieler Archipelarten, sowie, indischer und australischer Arten"; Series: Flore de Buitenzorg ; pt. 5. Leiden : E.J. Brill, (1900-1922). In the fourth volume of this work, he delineated a new natural system of classifying mosses that was subsequently adopted by Viktor Ferdinand Brotherus in his second edition of Musci in Adolf Engler's Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien.
See also
List of German painters
References
1861 births
1930 deaths
Academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin
19th-century German painters
19th-century German male artists
German male painters
20th-century German botanists
Bryologists
20th-century German painters
20th-century German male artists
Expatriates in the Dutch East Indies
Reggie Ford (cricketer)

Reggie Ford (cricketer)
Reggie Gilbert Ford (5 March 1907 – 2 October 1981) was an English cricketer. He played 57 matches for Gloucestershire between 1929 and 1936.
References
External links
1907 births
1981 deaths
English cricketers
Gloucestershire cricketers
Cricketers from Bristol
(22323) 1991 RC6

(22323) 1991 RC6
1991 أر سي 6 (ويعرف أيضًا باسم (22323) 1991 أر سي 6 وفق تسمية الكوكب الصغير) ؛ هو كويكب ضمن حزام الكويكبات.
اكتُشف هذا الجُرم الفلكي بواسطة هنري هولت إي في 13 سبتمبر 1991، وترتيبه 22323 من حيث الاكتشاف.
الوصف
اكتُشف في 13 سبتمبر 1991 في مرصد بالومار، الواقع في مقاطعة سان دييغو، كاليفورنيا في الولايات المتحدة، بواسطة عالم الفلك الأمريكي هنري هولت إي. وقد رصد المشروع 951 مشاهدة للكويكب إلى غاية 5 فبراير 2022 بتوقيت منطقة المحيط الهادئ، أي في مدة قدرها 11,101 يومًا (30.4 عام). تستغرق الفترة المدارية للكويكب 1,490 يومًا (4.1 عام).
الخصائص المدارية
يتميز مدار هذا الكويكب بنصف محور رئيسي يبلغ 2.56 وحدة فلكية، وحضيض قدره 2.06 وحدة فلكية، وانحراف قدره 0.193 وزاوية ميلان 13.6 درجة بالنسبة لمسار الشمس. بسبب هذه الخصائص، أي نصف المحور الرئيسي بين 2 و3.2 وحدة فلكية وحضيض أكبر من 1,666 وحدة فلكية، يُصنف هذا الجُرم الفلكي وفقًا لقاعدة بيانات مختبر الدفع النفاث لأجرام النظام الشمسي الصغيرة كائنًا من حزام الكويكبات الرئيسي.
انظر أيضًا
قائمة الكواكب الصغيرة
المراجع
وصلات خارجية
أجرام فلكية اكتشفت في 1991
اكتشافات هنري إي. هولت
اكتشافات هنري هولت إي
قوائم الكواكب الصغيرة حسب الرقم
كواكب صغيرة مسماة
كويكبات إينوميا
Bab Sharqi

Bab Sharqi ("The Eastern Gate"), also known as the Gate of the Sun, is one of the seven ancient city gates of Damascus, Syria. Its modern name comes from its location in the eastern side of the city. The gate also gives its name to the Christian quarter surrounding it. The grand facade of the gate was reconstructed in the 1960s.
In addition to being the only original Roman gate still standing, Bab Sharqi is also the only gate of the eight gates of the Ancient City of Damascus to preserve its original form as a triple passageway, with the large central passageway for caravans and wheel traffic and the two smaller ones flanking the large one for pedestrians.
History
The gate, which was dedicated to the sun by the Romans and known to them as the Gate of The Sun, dates back to ca. 200 AD. Although the gate had little defensive structures in the Roman period, it was most likely flanked by towers from both sides. Its architecture was minimal with the only adoration being the tall pilasters projecting from its walls. The gate, wide, stood over a grand avenue, the city's Decumanus Maximus known by biblical sources as the Street Called Straight, which was to become the main artery in the city. The avenue included a central carriageway for wheeled vehicles wide, and two pedestrian arcaded pavements. Remains of the cross-city colonnade survive inside the gate. The Street Called Straight, still connects the eastern gate of the city to the western gate, or Bab al-Jabiyah.
Damascus was conquered by Muslims during the Rashidun era. Following the capture of Damascus by Khalid ibn al-Walid's army, he entered through this gate on 18 September 634. His granting of Christian citizens continued access to their churches in the eastern district started the gradual evolution of the city's Christian Quarter near the gate.
In the 12th-century during the reign of Nur ad-Din Zangi, the gate was partially blocked except for the central opening which was converted into a bent entrance. A minaret was also added on top of the gate.
References
External links
Old Damascus Gates
Gates of Damascus
Neighborhoods of Damascus
Buildings and structures completed in the 3rd century
Christian communities in Syria
أرت رينر

أرت رينر هو عسكري أمريكي، ولد في 14 فبراير 1923 في ستورغيس في الولايات المتحدة، وتوفي بنفس المكان في 14 سبتمبر 1999.
مراجع
أشخاص من ستورغيس (ميشيغان)
جنود البحرية الأمريكية
مواليد 1923
وفيات 1999
لاعبو ميشيغان وولفرينز فوتبول
أفراد سلاح مشاة البحرية الأمريكي في الحرب العالمية الثانية