PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
Black Lions

Black Lions
The Black Lions were an anti-fascist resistance movement formed to fight against Italy during the occupation of the Ethiopian Empire in the Second World War.
As Bahru Zewde notes, in spite of its "marginal impact on the Resistance" the Black Lions made "eloquent attempts to give the struggle coherent ideological and political direction."
History
The movement was founded in western Ethiopia, and included fighters such as the Shewan Ras Abebe Aregai, and a number of intellectuals who included the sons of Hakim Workneh Eshete and Heruy Welde Sellase, and Yilma Deressa. Its chairman was Alemework Beyene, a veterinary surgeon educated in Britain. The organization had a constitution consisting of ten points, which included: asserting the supremacy of the political sphere over the military, injunctions against mistreating peasants and prisoners of war, forbidding its members from seeking exile and urging them to prefer death to capture by the enemy.
The group was effectively disbanded following the surrender of the Ras Imru Haile Selassie 18 December 1936. The majority of its members were killed by the Italians following the unsuccessful attempt on Rodolfo Graziani's life on 19 February 1937. The few survivors included Alemework and Yilma.
Details
The Black Lions dominated the early resistance movement in Ethiopia. Members of the Black Lions included students from the Holeta Military Academy and foreign-educated Ethiopians. The military academy was founded in 1935 and is located in Holeta Genet.
The Black Lions convinced Ras Imru Haile Selassie to join them in the armed struggle since he was part of the dynamics that created the movement. Ras Imru was appointed by Emperor Haile Selassie as prince regent in his absence. Ras Imru was to reorganize and continue to resist the Italians. To do this, he fell back to Gore in southern Ethiopia. On 19 December 1936, after the Italians pinned him down on the north bank of the Gojeb River, Ras Imru surrendered. The Black Lions organization then collapsed, and many of its members were murdered.
See also
Italian East Africa
Second Italo-Ethiopian War
Footnotes
References
1936 establishments in Ethiopia
1936 disestablishments in Ethiopia
20th century in Ethiopia
African resistance to colonialism
Yekatit 12
National liberation movements
Organizations established in 1936
Organizations disestablished in 1936
Rebel groups in Ethiopia
World War II resistance movements
Anti-fascist organizations
باول غراي (واثب حواجز)

باول غراي (واثب حواجز)
باول غراي هو بريطاني، ولد في 25 مايو 1969.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
فائزون بميداليات في ألعاب الكومنولث 1994
فائزون بميداليات في ألعاب الكومنولث 1998
رياضيو المسار والميدان في ألعاب الكومنولث 1994
رياضيو المسار والميدان في ألعاب الكومنولث 1998
رياضيو المسار والميدان في ألعاب الكومنولث 2002
فائزون بميداليات برونزية في ألعاب الكومنولث من ويلز
فائزون بميداليات في ألعاب الكومنولث في ألعاب القوى
لاعبو قفز حواجز بريطانيون
لاعبو قفز حواجز ويلزيون
مواليد 1969
Afedena (exclosure)

Afedena (exclosure)
Afedena is an exclosure located in the Dogu'a Tembien woreda of the Tigray Region in Ethiopia. The area has been protected since 2008 by the local community.
Timeline
2008: established as exclosure by the community
2017: support by the EthioTrees project
Environmental characteristics
Area: 70 ha
Average slope gradient: 25%
Aspect: the exclosure is oriented towards the northeast and east
Minimum altitude: 2068 metres
Maximum altitude: 2232 metres
Lithology: Antalo Limestone
Management
As a general rule, cattle ranging and wood harvesting are not allowed. The grasses are harvested once yearly and taken to the homesteads of the village to feed livestock. Physical soil and water conservation has been implemented to enhance infiltration, and vegetation growth. There are three guards to protect the exclosure. Field observations showed that however, some illegal grazing occurred in the exclosure in 2018.
Biodiversity
With vegetation growth, biodiversity in this exclosure hast strongly improved: there is more varied vegetation and wildlife. Along the main road that crosses the exclosure, caracals, jackals, and guineafowls are frequently seen.
Benefits for the community
Setting aside such areas fits with the long-term vision of the communities were hiza’iti lands are set aside for use by the future generations. It has also direct benefits for the community:
improved ground water availability
honey production
climate ameliorator (temperature, moisture)
the sequestered carbon (in total 66 tonnes per ha, dominantly sequestered in the soil, and additionally in the woody vegetation) is certified using the Plan Vivo voluntary carbon standard, after which carbon credits are sold
the revenues are then reinvested in the village, according to the priorities of the communities; particularly building classrooms for Afedena school.
References
External links
EthioTrees on Davines website
EthioTrees project website
EthioTrees on Plan Vivo website
Link For Forestry Projects
2008 establishments in Ethiopia
Exclosures of Tigray Region
Dogu'a Tembien
Environment of Ethiopia
Gottfried Wagner

Gottfried Wagner
Gottfried Wagner (born 13 April 1947 in Bayreuth) is a multimedia director and publicist.
Gottfried Wagner is the son of Wolfgang Wagner and a great-grandchild of Richard Wagner. His PhD is about Kurt Weill and Bertolt Brecht. He has concentrated on German culture and politics, as well as Jewish history of the 19th and 20th centuries in numerous publications. He is a member of the PEN-Club Liechtenstein and in 1992 was a co-founder of the Post-Holocaust Discussion Group.
He has been living in Italy since 1983, and has estranged himself from his father's family, openly criticising their involvement with the Nazi regime. His book Twilight of the Wagners: The Unveiling of a Family's Legacy, an autobiography, queried the extent to which his father had extricated himself from the family's close connection to National Socialism, while he has also been critical of many aspects of the Bayreuth Festival. The British film director Tony Palmer has made a two-hour documentary film about the Wagner family in which Gottfried plays a key role.
Publications
Gottfried Wagner, Wer nicht mit dem Wolf heult. Autobiographische Aufzeichnungen eines Wagner-Urenkels. (He who does not howl with the wolf: Autobiographical Notes from a Wagner Great-Grandchild) Foreword by Ralph Giordano. Verlag Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1997.
Gottfried Wagner, Twilight of the Wagners: The Unveiling of a Family's Legacy, Picador, 1999. (English version of the above)
Gottfried Wagner "Du sollst keine anderen Götter haben neben mir. Richard Wagner - Ein Minenfeld", Propyläen, 2013.
Further reading
Carr, Jonathan: The Wagner Clan: The Saga of Germany's Most Illustrious and Infamous Family. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2007.
See also
Wagner family tree
References
Sources
Much of the information in this article comes from the German-language Wikipedia article.
External links
Gottfried Wagner's homepage
Interview with Gottfried Wagner on the European Commission web site
People from Bayreuth
1947 births
Living people
Gottfried
German people of French descent
German people of Hungarian descent
German people of English descent
(23431) 1981 EA45

(23431) 1981 EA45
1981 إي أي 45 (ويعرف أيضًا باسم (23431) 1981 إي أي 45 وفق تسمية الكوكب الصغير) ؛ هو كويكب ضمن حزام الكويكبات.
اكتُشف هذا الجُرم الفلكي بواسطة شيلت جون بوبي في 7 مارس 1981، وترتيبه 23431 من حيث الاكتشاف.
الوصف
اكتُشف في 7 مارس 1981 في مرصد سايدنغ سبرينغ، الواقع في وارومبونغل، نيوساوث ويلز في أستراليا، بواسطة عالم الفلك الأمريكي شيلت جون بوبي. وقد رصد المشروع 645 مشاهدة للكويكب إلى غاية 8 يوليو 2021 بتوقيت منطقة المحيط الهادئ، أي في مدة قدرها 14,725 يومًا (40.3 عام). تستغرق الفترة المدارية للكويكب 1,220 يومًا (3.3 عام).
الخصائص المدارية
يتميز مدار هذا الكويكب بنصف محور رئيسي يبلغ 2.23 وحدة فلكية، وحضيض قدره 1.87 وحدة فلكية، وانحراف قدره 0.161 وزاوية ميلان 5.22 درجة بالنسبة لمسار الشمس. بسبب هذه الخصائص، أي نصف المحور الرئيسي بين 2 و3.2 وحدة فلكية وحضيض أكبر من 1,666 وحدة فلكية، يُصنف هذا الجُرم الفلكي وفقًا لقاعدة بيانات مختبر الدفع النفاث لأجرام النظام الشمسي الصغيرة كائنًا من حزام الكويكبات الرئيسي.
انظر أيضًا
قائمة الكواكب الصغيرة
المراجع
وصلات خارجية
اكتشافات شيلت جون بوبي
أجرام فلكية اكتشفت في 1981
حزام الكويكبات
كواكب صغيرة مسماة
Buffalo Harbor State Park

Buffalo Harbor State Park is a state park and marina on the shore of Lake Erie in the city of Buffalo in Erie County, New York. The park encompasses Gallagher Beach, the former NFTA Small Boat Harbor, and the waterfront land in between.
The park is 1 of 80 New York State Parks that are in the path of totality for the 2024 solar eclipse, with the park experiencing 3 minutes and 46 seconds of totality.
History
Buffalo Harbor State Park was created in 2014 from a portion of a larger transfer of of land from the Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority to the Empire State Development Corporation. The New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation was scheduled to take over park operations in November 2014. The $15 million development of the new park is part of an overall initiative to revitalize Buffalo's outer harbor.
The park officially opened to the public on May 24, 2015. Although first-year visitors praised the park's modern playground, some marina slipholders expressed displeasure with the marina's new operator, a private company from Tennessee.
A second phase of park improvements, featuring $3.76 million in breakwall and revetment enhancements for the park's harbor, was announced in November 2015. Plans call for the installation of a paved walkway and bike path for accessing the breakwall, in addition to improved lighting and a new fishing platform. The improvements are scheduled to be completed by fall 2016.
Park facilities
The park features a 1,000 slip marina, boat launches, a fish cleaning station, a nautical-themed playground, and picnic pavilions, and a restaurant. A beach is also available, however swimming is not permitted as of 2015. Kayak rentals and improvements to the park's restaurant, including the addition of an patio, were announced in 2016.
See also
List of New York state parks
References
External links
New York State Parks: Buffalo Harbor State Park
State parks of New York (state)
Parks in Erie County, New York
Lake Erie
2014 establishments in New York (state)
Protected areas established in 2014
Margaret Bartley

Margaret Bartley (née Ciszek; born December 21, 1959) is an American lawyer and judge from Maryland. She is the chief judge of the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims.
Education & career
Bartley received a Bachelor of Arts, cum laude, from Pennsylvania State University in 1981 and a Juris Doctor, cum laude, from the American University Washington College of Law in 1993.
From 1982 to 1983 she was an assistant to an account executive and later a receptionist at CIMA (Corporate Insurance Management) in Woodbridge, Virginia. In 1981 and 1983 she was morning manager and later a counter clerk at Debonair Cleaners in Washington, DC. In 1984 she was a kitchen manager and later a cook for Homespun, Inc. From 1985 to early 1986 she was an administrative assistant to Stanley Kaplan, an Optometrist. From 1987 to 1988 she was a data entry clerk for the Committee in Solidarity with the People of El Salvador. From 1988 to 1989 she was an administrative assistant and later secretary to Kelly Temporary Services.
She was thereafter a law clerk to Judge Jonathan R. Steinberg of the Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims. She then worked as a staff attorney, and then senior staff attorney, for the National Veterans Legal Services Program, serving as editor in chief of that organization's quarterly report, and served as Director of Outreach and Education for the Veterans Consortium Pro Bono Program from 2005 to 2012. Since 2000, she has served as an assistant editor and later editor of the Veterans Advocate. From 1991 to 1993 she was a Dean's Fellow to Professor Nancy Polikoff at the Washington College of Law.
In 2012, Bartley was nominated by President Barack Obama to a seat on the Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 24, 2012, on the same day as Coral Wong Pietsch. She became Chief Judge on December 4, 2019.
References
External links
United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims biography of Margaret Bartley
NOMINATIONS OF THE 112TH CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION - HEARINGS BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON VETERANS’ AFFAIRS - UNITED STATES SENATE (S. HRG. 112–510)
1959 births
Living people
Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims
Pennsylvania State University alumni
Lawyers from Pittsburgh
United States Article I federal judges appointed by Barack Obama
21st-century American judges
Washington College of Law alumni
Muhammad Baydoun

Muhammad Baydoun (5 February 1952 – 17 May 2022) was a moderate Lebanese politician and served as a member of the Lebanese parliament from 1992 until 2005. He also served as minister of power and energy as recently as 2005. He participated in many rallies organized by the 14 March coalition.
Early life and education
Baydoun was born into a Shiite family in Bachoura, Beirut, on 5 February 1952. His family were originally from Bint Jbeil in South Lebanon. Baydoun held a bachelor of science degree in mathematics from Lebanese University and a PhD in mathematics from Claude Bernard University in Lyon, France.
Career
Baydoun worked as mathematics professor at Lebanese University from 1976 to 1988. In 1980, he became a senior official of the Amal Movement. He was named a member of Amal's political bureau in 1982 and appointed president of the bureau on 14 October 1998. Baydoun is also former president of Amal's council of the south (1985-1991). In 1991, he was appointed deputy from Amal and elected in the general election in 1992 and general election in 1996 for the Shi’ite seat in Tyre, South Lebanon. He also won his seat in the general election in 2000 receiving more votes than Hezbollah candidates.
Baydoun also served as government minister in different cabinets. He was first appointed minister of housing and cooperatives in Omar Karami's government. He served in this post from 24 December 1990 to 10 May 1992. Then, he was appointed minister of electrical and water resources in Rachid Al Solh's cabinet, and was in office from 16 May 1992 to 30 October 1992. He also served in the cabinet led by Prime Minister Salim Hoss from 1998 to 2000. Baydoun was appointed minister of electrical and water resources to the cabinet led by Prime Minister Rafik Hariri in October 2000. Baydoun was expelled by Nabih Berri, head of the Amal movement, from the cabinet in March 2003.
In October 2012, Baydoun declared that he was ready to become Parliament speaker if his candidacy was backed by the March 14 Coalition.
Baydoun had also business activities and was a member of the board and of the audit committee of the İBL Bank.
Views and influence
At the beginning of the 2000s, Baydoun was a pro-Syrian politician, who had close ties with "old guards" in Damascus such as Hikmat Shihabi and Abdul Halim Khaddam. In June 2008, Baydoun stated that Saad Hariri was unable to organize the Sunni community or defend it and to build the institutions of state.
The Shiite community of Lebanon has been dominated by a number of feudal families. Although Baydoun was not part of these families, he was among the individuals who has influence on the Shiite community.
Death
Baydoun died on 17 May 2022 due to an undisclosed illness.
References
20th-century Lebanese businesspeople
21st-century Lebanese businesspeople
1952 births
2022 deaths
Amal Movement politicians
Energy ministers of Lebanon
Housing ministers of Lebanon
Water ministers of Lebanon
Lebanese Shia Muslims
Lebanese University alumni
Academic staff of Lebanese University
Members of the Parliament of Lebanon
Politicians from Beirut
University of Lyon alumni
سلفادور نافارو

سلفادور نافارو مواليد 8 يناير 1977 في برشلونة، هو لاعب كرة مضرب إسباني سابق بدأ مسيرته كمحترف سنة 1995 وكان يلعب باليد اليمنى. أعلى تصنيف له في الفردي كان المركز الـ 157 في سنة 2003. أعلى تصنيف له في الزوجي كان المركز الـ 138 في سنة 1999.
النهائيات
الفردي: (2)
روابط خارجية
مراجع
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون من برشلونة
لاعبو كرة مضرب إسبان
مواليد 1977
مواليد في برشلونة
لاعبو كرة مضرب من برشلونة
ديرامة متدلية الزهر

ديرامة متدلية الزهر
دِيرَامَة متدلية الزهر نوع من جنس ديرامة من الفصيلة السوسنية المتوطنة في جنوب إفريقيا. أزهارها كبيرة القد قطرها نحو ٤ سم. لونها أبيض أو بنفسجي. تنويرها يستمر طوال شهر حزيران.
المراجع
أصنوفات سماها جون غيلبرت بيكر
أصنوفات سماها كارولوس لينيوس الابن
نباتات متوطنة في جنوب إفريقيا
نباتات وصفت في 1782
Jean Brachet

Jean Brachet
Jean Louis Auguste Brachet (19 March 1909 – 10 August 1988) was a Belgian biochemist who made a key contribution in understanding the role of RNA.
Life
Brachet was born in Etterbeek near Brussels in Belgium, the son of Albert Brachet, an eminent embryologist.
He was educated at L'École alsacienne in Paris and the Royal Athenaeum of Ixelles in Brussels. He studied medicine at the , graduating in 1934. He then worked at the University of Cambridge and at Princeton University and at several institutes of marine biological research.
Brachet was appointed Professor of Animal Morphology and General Biology at the ('Free University of Brussels', the institution operating between 1834 and 1969) and Research Director of the International Laboratory for Genetics and Biophysics in Naples.
In 1933 Brachet was able to show that DNA was found in chromosomes and that RNA was present in the cytoplasm of all cells. His work with Torbjörn Caspersson showed that RNA plays an active role in protein synthesis. Brachet also carried out pioneering work in the field of cell differentiation. Brachet demonstrated that differentiation is preceded by the formation of new ribosomes and accompanied by the release from the nucleus of a wave of new messenger RNA.
In 1934 he married Françoise de Baray. In 2004, his daughter Lise Brachet published a biography of her father.
In 1948 Jean Brachet was awarded the Francqui Prize for Biological and Medical Sciences and in 1953 he received the Albert Brachet Prize from the Royal Academy of Belgium for the best original work in embryology, an award instituted in honour of his father. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1966.
Publications
Embryologie Chimique (1944)
Biological Cytology (1957)
Introduction to Molecular Embryology (1957)
Molecular Cytology (2 vols.) (1985)
Notes
References
External links
Photo
1909 births
1988 deaths
Belgian biochemists
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
Free University of Brussels (1834–1969) alumni
Academic staff of the Free University of Brussels (1834–1969)
Princeton University fellows
Schleiden Medal recipients
سباستيان دياز

سباستيان دياز هو لاعب كرة قدم تشيلي في مركز الوسط، ولد في 26 فبراير 1996 في تيموكو في تشيلي. شارك مع منتخب تشيلي تحت 17 سنة لكرة القدم ومنتخب تشيلي تحت 20 سنة لكرة القدم. أما مع النوادي، فقد لعب مع .
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية تشيليون
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص من تيموكو
لاعبو أوداكس إيتاليانو
لاعبو الدوري التشيلي لكرة القدم الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو الدوري التشيلي لكرة القدم الدرجة الممتازة
لاعبو ديبورتيس تيموكو
لاعبو كرة قدم تشيليون
لاعبو منتخب تشيلي تحت 20 سنة لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب تشيلي لكرة القدم للشباب
مواليد 1996
رياضيون من تيموكو
Janan Jasim Halawi

Janan Jasim Halawi (Arabic:جنان جاسم حلاوي) (born 1956)، an Iraqi writer and novelist, was born in 1956. He has published three poetry collections, seven short story collections, and six novels including “People of the Palms” which was nominated for the long list of the International Prize for Arabic Fiction in 2016.
ِEducation and career
Jana Jassim Hillawi was born in Iraq on September 6, 1956. He obtained a bachelor’s degree in Electrical Engineering in Iraq. He worked as a journalist for the Lebanese newspaper Al-Nahar. He migrated to Sweden in 1992.
Hillawi Began his writing career in the early 1980s, when he published his first short story collection entitled “Mermaid of the Sea” publishing by Ministry of Culture of Iraq in 1981. Then he published his first novel “Ya Kokti” in 1991. Hillawi writes poetry, short stories and novels. Until now, he has published three poetry collections, seven short story collections, and six novels including “Paths and Dust” and “People of the Palms” which was nominate for the long list of the International Prize for Arabic Fiction in 2016. Also, his novel “Night of the Land” was translated into French and was publishing by Act Saute in 2005. His 2015 novel People of the Palms was nominated for the Arabic Booker Prize.
Works
Mermaid of the Sea (original title: Ara’s al-bahr), 1981
Ya Kokti (original title: Yā kawkatī), 1991
Love Stories, War stories (original title: Qisas al-hob qisas al-harb), 1998
Night of the Land (original title: Layl al-bilād), 2002
Paths and Dust (original title: Durūb wa ġubār), 2003
Hot Places (original title: Amākin ḥārraẗ), 2006
Not Much Air (original title: Hawāʼ qalīl ), 2009
People of the Palms (original title: Ahl al-nak̲īl), 2015
References
Living people
20th-century Iraqi novelists
1956 births
21st-century Iraqi novelists
أسبوع المياه العربي

أسبوع المياه العربي هو أسبوع تحتفل به الدول العربية كل عام، وذلك من تاريخ 5 إلى 9 ديسمبر/كانون الأول، والذي تنظِّمه الجمعية العربية لمرافق المياه (أكوا) بالتعاون مع وزارة المياه والري وتحت مظلة المجلس الوزاري العربي للمياه/جامعة الدول العربية.
يعقد مؤتمر أسبوع المياه العربي بدعم من الاتحاد العالمي للمياه و الوكالة الألمانية للتعاون الفني والوكالة الألمانية الدولية للتدريب وبناء القدرات والاتحاد العالمي لمقدمي خدمات المياه و برنامج الأمم المتحدة لتنمية المستوطنات البشرية وشراكة مشغلي المياه .
اقرأ أيضاً
اليوم العالمي للمياه
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
جريدة الرأي الأردنية
الإيجابية.نت - حدث إيجابي في مثل هذا اليوم
مناسبات ديسمبر
باباكار سار

باباكار سار مواليد 15 فبراير 1991 في السنغال، هو لاعب كرة قدم سنغالي لعب سابقاً لنادي ضمك.
روابط خارجية
مراجع
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية سنغاليون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في آيسلندا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في روسيا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في السعودية
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في النرويج
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون سنغاليون مغتربون في آيسلندا
رياضيون سنغاليون مغتربون في السعودية
رياضيون سنغاليون مغتربون في النرويج
رياضيون سنغاليون مغتربون في روسيا
لاعبو الدوري الروسي الممتاز
لاعبو الدوري النرويجي الدرجة الأولى
لاعبو الدوري النرويجي الممتاز
لاعبو دوري المحترفين السعودي
لاعبو سي أ باستيا
لاعبو كرة قدم سنغاليون
لاعبو كرة قدم سنغاليون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في آيسلندا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في السعودية
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في النرويج
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في روسيا
لاعبو نادي ستارت
لاعبو نادي سوغندال لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي ضمك
لاعبو نادي مولده
لاعبو ينيسي كراسنويارسك
مواليد 1411 هـ
مواليد 1991
395 ق م

395 ق م أو 395 قبل الميلاد هي سنة من العقد 39 ق م في التقويم اليولياني البروليبتي (التقويم الميلادي). تسبقها سنة 396 ق م وتليها سنة 394 ق م.
مواليد
براكسيتيليز
وفيات
ليساندر
كتب
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
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