List of human evolution fossils

List of human evolution fossils
The following tables give an overview of notable finds of hominin fossils and remains relating to human evolution, beginning with the formation of the tribe Hominini (the divergence of the human and chimpanzee lineages) in the late Miocene, roughly 7 to 8 million years ago.
As there are thousands of fossils, mostly fragmentary, often consisting of single bones or isolated teeth with complete skulls and skeletons rare, this overview is not complete, but show some of the most important findings. The fossils are arranged by approximate age as determined by radiometric dating and/or incremental dating and the species name represents current consensus; if there is no clear scientific consensus the other possible classifications are indicated.
The early fossils shown are not considered ancestors to Homo sapiens but are closely related to ancestors and are therefore important to the study of the lineage. After 1.5 million years ago (extinction of Paranthropus), all fossils shown are human (genus Homo). After 11,500 years ago (11.5 ka, beginning of the Holocene), all fossils shown are Homo sapiens (anatomically modern humans), illustrating recent divergence in the formation of modern human sub-populations.
Late Miocene (7.2–5.5 million years old)
The chimpanzee–human divergence likely took place during about 10 to 7 million years ago. The list of fossils begins with Graecopithecus, dated some 7.2 million years ago, which may or may not still be ancestral to both the human and the chimpanzee lineage. For the earlier history of the human lineage, see Timeline of human evolution#Hominidae, Hominidae#Phylogeny.
Pliocene (5.3–2.58 million years old)
Upper Paleolithic: 50,000–11,500 years old
Holocene (11,500–5,000 years old)
Abbreviations used in fossil catalog name
ALAfar Locality, Ethiopia
ARA-VPAramis Vertebrate Paleontology, Ethiopia
BAR(Lukeino, Tugen Hills) Baringo District, Kenya
BOU-VPBouri Vertebrate Paleontology, Ethiopia
DDmanisi, Georgia
EREast (Lake) Rudolf, Kenya
KGAKonso-Gardula, Ethiopia
KNMKenya National Museum
KPKanapoi, Kenya
LBLiang Bua, Indonesia
LHLaetoli Hominid 4, Tanzania
MHMalapa Hominin, South Africa
NGNgandong, Indonesia
OHOlduvai Hominid, Tanzania
SKSwartkrans, South Africa
Sts, StwSterkfontein, South Africa
TMTransvaal Museum, South Africa
TMToros-Menalla, Chad
WTWest (Lake) Turkana, Kenya
See also
Human timeline
List of archaeological sites by continent and age
List of first human settlements
List of fossil primates
List of fossil sites
List of mummies
Fossil
List of transitional fossils
Timeline of human evolution
Timeline of prehistory
Further reading
Gibbons, Ann. The First Human: The Race to Discover our Earliest Ancestor. Anchor Books (2007).
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Johanson, Donald & Wong, Kate. Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. Three Rivers Press (2009).
(Note: this book contains very useful, information dense chapters on primate evolution in general, and human evolution in particular, including fossil history).
Leakey, Richard & Lewin, Roger. Origins Reconsidered: In Search of What Makes us Human. Little, Brown and Company (1992).
Lewin, Roger. Bones of Contention: Controversies in the Search for Human Origins. Penguin Books (1987).
Morwood, Mike & van Oosterzee, Penny. A New Human: The Startling Discovery and Strange Story of the 'Hobbits' of Flores, Indonesia. Smithsonian Books (2007).
Oppenheimer, Stephen. Out of Eden: The Peopling of the World. Constable (2003).
Roberts, Alice. The Incredible Human Journey: The Story of how we Colonised the Planet. Bloomsbury (2009).
Shreeve, James. The Neanderthal Enigma: Solving the Mystery of Modern Human Origins. Viking (1996).
Stringer, Chris. The Origin of Our Species. Allen Lane (2011).
Stringer, Chris & Andrews, Peter. The Complete World of Human Evolution. Thames & Hudson (2005).
Stringer, Chris & McKie, Robin. African Exodus: The Origins of Modern Humanity. Jonathan Cape (1996).
van Oosterzee, Penny. The Story of Peking Man. Allen & Unwin (1999).
Walker, Allan & Shipman, Pat. The Wisdom of the Bones: In Search of Human Origins. Weidenfeld & Nicolson (1996).
Wade, Nicholas. Before the Dawn: Recovering the Lost History of our Ancestors. Penguin Press (2006).
(Note: this book contains very accessible descriptions of human and non-human primates, their evolution, and fossil history).
References
Bibliography
External links
Interactive map of primate fossil finds around the world
Informative lecture on Australopithecines
The Age of Homo sapiens – Interactive Map of Human Evolution Fossils
Human Timeline (Interactive) – Smithsonian, National Museum of Natural History (August 2016).
F
Fossils
Lists of fossils