Gender inequality in Ukraine

Gender inequality in Ukraine refers to economic, social, political and education inequalities between men and women of Ukraine experienced due to their gender. According to multiple reports it is an ongoing issue on each level of the Ukrainian society, where discrimination of women is an inevitable part of everyday life. The root causes of the circumstances are reportedly related to patriarchal attitudes and deeply entrenched gender stereotypes of the traditional Ukrainian culture. The cultural environment in Ukraine is aggravated by a poor rule of law, insufficient power of the social institutions and lack of political will.
Men doesnt have equal with women reproductive rights such as right for juridical abortion, and just less than never win custody of the child.
In the response of concerns the Ukrainian government tried to develop various legislation, especially concerning institutional and personal gender discrimination. Unfortunately the practical implementation of the legal system and the law enforcement remain to be inadequately performed and the Ukrainian women still face different kinds of discrimination (legal, political etc.) The practice affects many aspects of their everyday lives from career development to health issues and results in a high level of violence directed towards women.
During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, men from 18 to 60 years old were prohibited from leaving Ukraine, systematically putting men at greater risk of harm and death and only men, both before, and after invasion are forced into conscript army, only men soldiers can be forced to go into frontline, while women even with military expirience are occupied safe-specified work in army. Even women with military specialization cant be forced to mobilization into army, while men without any military expirience are forced to go in army and into frontline.
In 2017, Ukraine ranked 88th out of 189 countries on the United Nations Development Programme's Gender Inequality Index (GII).
Women in politics
According to collected research statistics the Ukrainian women are underrepresented in Ukrainian political life. This is a very important issue because the extent of women's involvement in politics and their access to decision-making is a key indicator of gender equality in a society, and much more important that women is underrepresentedin front lines in war, what makes women live while hundreds of thousands men die or loose their health.
During the Soviet period of the Ukrainian history the share of women in Supreme Council of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Ukrainian SSR) was as high as 30%. It was a result of a strict non-official quota for women in elected office imposed by the Communist Party of the USSR. Very interesting to note that after receiving independence the women's public participation at many levels of the Ukrainian politics significantly declined. For example, after the first elections in newly independent Ukraine, women filled only 3% of positions in the Ukrainian Parliament (12 females among 463 Deputies). Later In 2002, although one-fifth of parliamentary candidates were women, they filled only 5.1% of parliamentary seats, one of the lowest ratios of female representation in the region. At present after elections of 2014 the representation of women in Verkhovna Rada is around 12% and in front line of Ukrainian-russian wor in frontline less than 0.05% are women, despite that in parlament is 450 places, and in front line are hundreds of thousands, and more that 6 million vomen leave the country while leaving the country as a men is a crime.
Economic inequality and gender pay gap
In average Ukrainian females have higher educational levels than males, but women tend to cluster in poorly paid occupations and earn about 70% of the men's wages. The widest gender gap in the salaries has been detected in the financial sphere, while the smallest gap exists in agriculture, where the wages are generally much lower than in all other parts of the Ukrainian economy.
Many provisions of Ukrainian legislation have been criticized by international bodies as they create obstacles to women's participation in the local labor market as well as impose restrictions on women's economic opportunities. An analysis of the gathered evidences indicate that a gender discrimination in hiring process is commonplace, despite being prohibited by the Ukrainian law. As a rule it is very hard for a woman past 40 to get a job, females are dismissed more often than males and often suffer from sexual harassment at work. Therefore, Ukrainian women are over-represented in informal sector of economy, where they perform noncontractual work. This kind of economic activity provides them a basic income, but not pensions or other social benefits.
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References
Ukraine
Society of Ukraine
Crime in Ukraine