Johnson City, Tennessee

Johnson City, Tennessee
Johnson City is a city in Washington, Carter, and Sullivan counties in the U.S. state of Tennessee, mostly in Washington County. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 71,046, making it the eighth largest city in Tennessee. Johnson City is the principal city of the Johnson City Metropolitan Statistical Area, which consists of Carter, Unicoi, and Washington counties and had a population of 207,285 as of 2020. The MSA is also a component of the Johnson City–Kingsport–Bristol, Tennessee–Virginia Combined Statistical Area – commonly known as the "Tri-Cities" region. This CSA is the fifth-largest in Tennessee with a population of 514,899 as of 2020.
History
William Bean, traditionally recognized as Tennessee's first white settler, built his cabin along Boone's Creek near Johnson City in 1769. In the 1780s, Colonel John Tipton (1730–1813) established a farm (now the Tipton-Haynes State Historic Site) just outside what is now Johnson City. During the State of Franklin movement, Tipton was a leader of the loyalist faction, residents of the region who wanted to remain part of North Carolina rather than form a separate state. In February 1788, an armed engagement took place at Tipton's farm between Tipton and his men and the forces led by John Sevier, the leader of the Franklin faction.
Founded in 1856 by Henry Johnson as a railroad station called "Johnson's Depot", Johnson City became a major rail hub for the Southeast, as three railway lines crossed in the downtown area.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Johnson City served as headquarters for the narrow gauge East Tennessee and Western North Carolina Railroad (the ET&WNC, nicknamed "Tweetsie") and the standard gauge Clinchfield Railroad. Both rail systems featured excursion trips through scenic portions of the Blue Ridge Mountains and were engineering marvels of railway construction. The Southern Railway (now Norfolk Southern) also passes through the city.
During the American Civil War, before it was formally incorporated in 1869, the name of the town was briefly changed to "Haynesville" in honor of Confederate Senator Landon Carter Haynes.
Henry Johnson's name was quickly restored following the war, with Johnson elected as the city's first mayor on January 3, 1870. The town grew rapidly from 1870 until 1890 as railroad and mining interests flourished. However, the national depression of 1893, which caused many railway failures (including the Charleston, Cincinnati and Chicago Railroad or "3-Cs", a predecessor of the Clinchfield) and resulting financial panic, halted Johnson City's boom town momentum.
In 1901, the Mountain Branch of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers (now the U.S. Veterans Affairs Medical Center and National Cemetery), Mountain Home, Tennessee was created by an act of Congress introduced by Walter P. Brownlow. Johnson City began growing rapidly and became the fifth-largest city in Tennessee by 1930.
Together with neighboring Bristol, Johnson City was a hotbed for old-time music. It hosted noteworthy Columbia Records recording sessions in 1928 known as the Johnson City Sessions. Native son "Fiddlin' Charlie" Bowman became a national recording star via these sessions. The Fountain Square area in downtown featured a host of local and traveling street entertainers including Blind Lemon Jefferson.
During the 1920s and the Prohibition era, Johnson City's ties to the bootlegging activity of the Appalachian Mountains earned the city the nickname of "Little Chicago".
For many years, the city had a municipal "privilege tax" on carnival shows, in an attempt to dissuade traveling circuses and other transient entertainment businesses from doing business in town. The use of drums by merchants to draw attention to their goods is prohibited. Title Six, Section 106 of the city's municipal code, the so-called "Barney Fife" ordinance, empowers the city's police force to draft into involuntary service as many of the town's citizens as necessary to aid police in making arrests and in preventing or quelling any riot, unlawful assembly or breach of peace.
Geography
Johnson City is in northeastern Washington County,
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of , of which is land and , or 0.75 percent, is water.
Buffalo Mountain, a ridge over high, is a city park on the south side of town. The Watauga River arm of Boone Lake, a Tennessee Valley Authority reservoir, is partly within the city limits.
Climate
Johnson City has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with warm summers and cool winters. Temperatures in Johnson City are moderated somewhat by its elevation and proximity to the Appalachian Mountains. Precipitation is abundant, with an average of . Summer is typically the wettest part of the year, while early autumn is considerably drier. Snowfall is moderate and sporadic, with an average of .
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 71,046 people, 30,724 households, and 15,904 families residing in the city.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 55,469 people, 23,720 households, and 14,018 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,412.4 per square mile. There were 25,730 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 90.09 percent white, 6.40 percent African American, 0.26% Native American, 1.22 percent Asian, 0.02 percent Pacific Islander, 0.69 percent from other races, and 1.32 percent from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.89 percent of the population.
There were 23,720 households, out of which 25.0 percent had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.1 percent were married couples living together, 11.6 percent had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.9 percent were non-families. 33.9 percent of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5 percent had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20, and the average family size was 2.82.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 19.8 percent under the age of 18, 13.7 percent from 18 to 24, 28.1 percent from 25 to 44, 22.5 percent from 45 to 64, and 15.9 percent who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.0 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $30,835, and the median income for a family was $40,977. Males had a median income of $31,326 versus $22,150 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,364. About 11.4 percent of families and 15.9 percent of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.9 percent of those under age 18 and 12.7 percent of those age 65 or over.
Economy
Johnson City is an economic hub largely fueled by East Tennessee State University and the medical "Med-Tech" corridor, anchored by the Johnson City Medical Center and Niswonger Children's Hospital, Franklin Woods Community Hospital, ETSU's Gatton College of Pharmacy, and ETSU's Quillen College of Medicine.
The popular citrus soda Mountain Dew traces its origins to Johnson City. In 2012, PepsiCo announced a new malt-flavored version of the drink named Mountain Dew Johnson City Gold in honor of the city.
Johnson City and its metropolitan area had a gross metropolitan product of in 2019.
Major companies headquartered in Johnson City
American Water Heater Company (owned by A.O. Smith Corp.)
Advanced Call Center Technologies
Cantech Industries
General Shale Brick LLC
LPI, Inc.
Moody Dunbar, Inc.
Mullican Flooring
R.A. Colby, Inc.
TPI Corporation
Other companies
JD Squared, manufacturer of tube and pipe benders and other fabrication tools
Arts and culture
Public art
Public art includes 12 to 15 sculptures that change every two years. Also, 24 bronze statuettes of animals indigenous to the Appalachian Highlands, cast by faculty and students at ETSU, are installed in various downtown locations; staff at the Johnson City Public Library created a list of clues to aid in the search for all the animals. Other public art includes banners and art on light poles and traffic boxes, and quote stones along sidewalks and paths. Two annual art events take place in the city.
Shopping
As a regional hub for a four-state area, Johnson City is home to a large variety of retail businesses, from well-known national chains to local boutiques and galleries.
The Mall at Johnson City is the city's only enclosed shopping mall. Much of the new retail development is in North Johnson City, along State of Franklin Road. Johnson City Crossings is the largest of these developments.
Points of interest
Buffalo Mountain Park
East Tennessee State University Arboretum
ETSU/Mountain States Health Alliance Athletic Center
Founders Park
Freedom Hall Civic Center
Johnson City STOLport
Thomas Stadium, baseball venue
Tipton-Haynes State Historic Site
Tweetsie Trail
Watauga River
William B. Greene Jr. Stadium
Sports
Several Minor League Baseball teams have been based in Johnson City. Professional baseball was first played in the city by the Johnson City Soldiers in the Southeastern League in 1910. The city's longest-running team was the Johnson City Cardinals, who played in the Appalachian League as the Rookie affiliate of the St. Louis Cardinals from 1975 to 2020. In conjunction with a contraction of Minor League Baseball beginning with the 2021 season, the Appalachian League was reorganized as a collegiate summer baseball league, and the Cardinals were replaced by the Johnson City Doughboys, a new franchise in the revamped league designed for rising college freshman and sophomores.
Government
In the United States House of Representatives, Johnson City is represented by Republican Diana Harshbarger of the 1st district.
Johnson City is run by a five-person board of commissioners. The mayor is Todd Fowler, the vice mayor is Aaron Murphy, and the commissioners are Jenny Brock, Joe Wise, and John Hunter. The city manager is Cathy Ball.
Education
Colleges and universities
East Tennessee State University has around 16,000 students in addition to a K-12 University School, a laboratory school of about 540 students. University School was the first laboratory school in the nation to adopt a year-round academic schedule.
Milligan University is just outside the city limits in Carter County, and has about 1,200 students in undergraduate and graduate programs.
Northeast State Community College has renovated a building in downtown Johnson City for use as a new satellite teaching site.
Tusculum College has a center on the north side of Johnson City in the Boones Creek area.
Johnson City School System
Elementary schools
Middle schools
Indian Trail Middle School
Liberty Bell Middle School
High schools
Science Hill High School
Private schools
Ashley Academy (PreK-8)
St. Mary's (K-8)
Providence Academy (K-12)
Tri-Cities Christian Schools (PreK-12)
University School (K-12)
Infrastructure
Transportation
Johnson City is served by Tri-Cities Regional Airport (IATA Code TRI) and Johnson City Airport (0A4) in Watauga.
Highways
Interstate 26
U.S. Route 19W
U.S. Route 11E
U.S. Route 321
U.S. Route 23
Public transport
Johnson City Transit operates a system of buses inside the city limits, including BucShot, a system serving the greater ETSU campus.
The Southern Railway used to serve Johnson City with several trains: the Birmingham Special (ended 1970), the Pelican (ended 1970) and the Tennessean (ended 1968).
Hospitals
Johnson City serves as a regional medical center for northeast Tennessee and southwest Virginia, along with parts of western North Carolina and southeastern Kentucky.
Johnson City Medical Center includes a level 1 trauma center, the Niswonger Children's Hospital, and Woodridge Hospital, an inpatient psychiatric hospital.
Franklin Woods Community Hospital is an 80-bed hospital with emergency services.
James H. and Cecile C. Quillen Rehabilitation Hospital serves patients who have suffered debilitating trauma, including stroke and brain-spine injuries.
Notable people
Bill Bain, management consultant, one of the founders of the management consultancy Bain & Company
Sam Bettens, lead singer of rock band K's Choice; Johnson City firefighter for a year
Jerry Blevins, Major League Baseball pitcher (New York Mets)
Ernie Bowman, Major League Baseball (San Francisco Giants, 1961–63)
Joe Bowman, bootmaker and marksman; guardian of western culture
Mike Brown, American Motorcyclist Association rider
Jo Carson, playwright and author
George Lafayette Carter, entrepreneur
David Cash, professional wrestler
David Cole, founding member of C+C Music Factory
Patrick J. Cronin, television and film actor, a professor in English and Theater at ETSU
Matt Czuchry, actor (Gilmore Girls), attended Science Hill High School
David Davis, Tennessee state senator; U.S. congressman 2007-2009
Lindsay Ellis, American film critic, YouTuber, cinematographer, and author
Ray Flynn, miler with 89 sub-four-minute miles; graduated ETSU, president/CEO of Flynn Sports Management
Aubrayo Franklin, defensive tackle, San Francisco 49ers
Wyck Godfrey, film producer and studio executive
Jake Grove, born in Johnson City; played center for Virginia Tech, won the Rimington Trophy, played for the Miami Dolphins
Del Harris, NBA coach, attended Milligan College
Holly Herndon, electronic musician
Mark Herring, Attorney General of Virginia
Herman Hickman, College Football Hall of Fame player for the Tennessee Vols and NFL player.
Jim Hickman (1910s outfielder), was a former professional baseball player who played outfield for Brooklyn Dodgers.
Steven James, novelist, attended ETSU
Drew Johnson, political commentator and columnist, and founder of the Beacon Center of Tennessee
Amythyst Kiah, Americana singer/songwriter
Brownie King, NASCAR driver
Catherine Marshall, author, born in Johnson City, later worked on her novel Christy while staying with relatives in town
John Alan Maxwell, artist and illustrator, raised in Johnson City, illustrated for Pearl S. Buck, John Steinbeck, and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, spent his last 18 years in Johnson City; permanent collection housed at Carroll Reece Museum at ETSU
Johnny Miller, NASCAR driver
Daniel Norris, Major League Baseball, debuted with the Toronto Blue Jays in 2014
Eureka O'Hara, drag queen and television personality
Mike Potter, NASCAR driver
David Phil Roe, mayor of Johnson City, and representative for Tennessee's 1st congressional district in from 2009 to 2021
Bryan Lewis Saunders, artist and writer, ETSU alumnus
Connie Saylor, NASCAR driver and Johnson City business owner
Constance Shulman, actress, singer, producer
Steve Spurrier, Heisman Trophy-winning quarterback and College Football Hall of Fame coach, spent most of his childhood in Johnson City and attended Science Hill High School. The school's football field is named Steve Spurrier Field.
Robert Love Taylor and Alfred A. Taylor, brothers who were both governor of Tennessee; each owned and resided in Robins' Roost, historic house on South Roan Street
Brad Teague, NASCAR driver
Phyllis Tickle, prominent author on religion and spirituality
Ed Whitson, MLB pitcher known for a brief but colorful stint with the Yankees in the 1980s
Samuel Cole Williams, historian, jurist, first dean of the Emory University School of Law
Van Williams, NFL running back and kick returner for Buffalo Bills, All-American at Carson-Newman, attended Science Hill High School
Sister cities
Johnson City's sister cities are:
Guaranda, Ecuador
Ronneby, Sweden
Rybinsk, Russia
Teterow, Germany
See also
Music of East Tennessee
References
General
Specific
Greater Johnson City, by Ray Stahl, 1986.
A History of Johnson City, Tennessee and its Environs, by Samuel Cole Williams, 1940.
History of Washington County, Tennessee, by Joyce and Gene Cox, Editors, 2001.
Fiddlin' Charlie Bowman, by Bob L. Cox, University of Tennessee Press, 2007.
The Railroads of Johnson City, by Johnny Graybeal, Tar Heel Press, 2007.
External links
Official website
Johnson City Development Authority
Cities in Tennessee
Cities in Carter County, Tennessee
Cities in Sullivan County, Tennessee
Cities in Washington County, Tennessee
Populated places established in 1856
1856 establishments in Tennessee
East Tennessee
Johnson City metropolitan area, Tennessee
State of Franklin