Bithynia (gastropod)

Bithynia (gastropod)
Bithynia is a genus of small freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic prosobranch gastropod mollusks in the family Bithyniidae.
The diploid chromosome number of Bithynia sp. from Egypt is 2n=32.
Distribution
Lake Skadar with five species of Bithynia is a biodiversity hotspot of Bithynia evolution.
Species
Glöer (2002) recognized four subgenera Bithynia, Codiella, Neumayria and Parafossarulus within European species. He reassigned two European extinct species of Parafossarulus into a subgenus of the genus Bithynia, but the genus Parafossarulus is generally accepted for the Asian species. The subgenus Digoniostoma is also recognized for Asian species.
Subgenera and species within the genus Bithynia include:
Subgenus Bithynia Leach, 1818
Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Common (or mud) bithynia - type species
Subgenus Codiella Locard, 1894
Bithynia leachii (Sheppard, 1823)
Bithynia transsilvanica (Bielz, 1853) - synonym: Bithynia troschelii (Paasch 1842)
Subgenus Neumayria De Stefani, 1887
† Bithynia bavelensis Meijer, 1990
Subgenus Digoniostoma Annandale, 1920
Bithynia funiculata Walker, 1927
Bithynia siamensis Lea, 1856
Subgenus Incertae sedis
Bithynia phialensis (Conrad, 1852)
Bithynia pseudemmericia Schütt, 1964
Subgenus ?
† Bithynia almerai Almera, 1894
† Bithynia berthelini Depéret, 1894
Bithynia boissieri (Küster, 1852)
† Bithynia brusinai Halaváts, 1903
† Bithynia budinici Brusina, 1902
Bithynia candiota Westerlund, 1886
Bithynia canyamelensis Altaba, 2007
Bithynia cerameopoma (Benson, 1830)
Bithynia cettinensis Clessin, 1887
† Bithynia clessini Brusina, 1884
Bithynia cretensis Glöer & Maassen, 2009
† Bithynia croatica Pilar, 1874
† Bithynia cyclostoma (Rousseau, 1842)
Bithynia danubialis Glöer & Georgiev, 2012
† Bithynia dunkeri Gude, 1913
† Bithynia erzuruma Schütt, 1991
Bithynia forcarti Glöer & Pešić, 2012
† Bithynia fuchsi Willmann, 1981
Bithynia fuchsiana (Möllendorff, 1888)
Bithynia ghodaghodiensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
† Bithynia giralanensis Oppenheim, 1919
† Bithynia glabra (von Zieten, 1832)
Bithynia graeca Westerlund, 1879
Bithynia hambergerae A. Reischütz, N. Reischütz & P. L. Reischütz, 2008
Bithynia italica (Paulucci, 1879)
† Bithynia jurinaci Brusina, 1884
Bithynia kobialkai Glöer & Beckmann, 2007
† Bithynia leberonensis Fischer & Tournouër, 1873
Bithynia lithoglyphoides (Nesemann & G. Sharma, 2007)
Bithynia longicornis Benson - in China
Bithynia majorcina Glöer & Rolán, 2007
Bithynia manonellesi Altaba, 2007
† Bithynia marasinica Andrusov, 1909
Bithynia mazandaranensis Glöer & Pešić, 2012
† Bithynia mediocris Ludwig, 1865
† Bithynia minor Locard, 1878
Bithynia misella (Gredler, 1884)
Bithynia montenegrina Wohlberedt, 1901
Bithynia mostarensis Möllendorff, 1873
† Bithynia multicostata Tchernov, 1975
Bithynia nakeae Glöer & Beckmann, 2007
Bithynia numidica Bourguignat, 1864
Bithynia orcula Frauenfeld, 1862
Bithynia pauli Altaba, 2007
Bithynia pesicii Glöer & Yildirim, 2006
Bithynia phialensis (Conrad, 1852)
† Bithynia phrygica (Fischer in Tchihatcheff, 1866)
† Bithynia pilari Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875
† Bithynia pisidica Oppenheim, 1919
† Bithynia podarensis (Pană in Pană et al., 1981)
† Bithynia pontica Gozhik, 2002
Bithynia prespensis Hadžišče, 1963
Bithynia prestoni Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
† Bithynia protemmericia Willmann, 1981
Bithynia pseudemmericia Schütt, 1964
Bithynia pulchella (Benson, 1836)
Bithynia quintanai Glöer & Beckmann, 2007
Bithynia radomani Glöer & Pešić, 2007
Bithynia raptiensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
Bithynia reharensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
Bithynia riddifordi Altaba, 2007
† Bithynia rubella Schütt in Schütt & Besenecker, 1973
Bithynia rubens (Menke, 1830)
† Bithynia rumana Porumbaru, 1881
† Bithynia sabbae Gozhik, 2002
† Bithynia schuetti Schlickum & Strauch, 1974
Bithynia schwabii Frauenfeld, 1865
† Bithynia sermenazensis Depéret, 1894
Bithynia shapkarevi Glöer, Shoreva & Slavevska-Stamenković, 2015
Bithynia sibirica Westerlund, 1886
Bithynia sistanica (Annandale & Prashad, 1919)
Bithynia skadarskii Glöer & Pešić, 2007
Bithynia starmuehlneri Glöer & Pešić, 2012
Bithynia stenothyroides (Dohrn, 1857)
Bithynia subbaraoi Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
Bithynia timmii Odabaşı & Arslan, 2015
Bithynia transsilvanica Bielz, 1853
† Bithynia ungeri (Rolle, 1860)
† Bithynia veneria Fontannes, 1881
† Bithynia verneuili (Mayer, 1856)
† Bithynia verrii de Stefani, 1880
Bithynia vukotinovici Brusina, 1874 †
Bithynia walderdorffii Frauenfeld, 1865
Bithynia walkeri (Brandt, 1968)
Bithynia yildirimi Glöer & Georgiev, 2012
Bithynia zeta Glöer & Pešić, 2007
† Bithynia zoranici Brusina, 1902
Synonyms:
Bithynia badiella (Küster, 1852): synonym of Pseudobithynia badiella (Küster, 1853)
† Bithynia bengestensis Fontannes, 1887: synonym of † Tylopoma bengestiensis (Fontannes, 1887)
† Bithynia brusinai Halaváts, 1903: synonym of † Lithoglyphus acutus decipiens Brusina, 1885
† Bithynia crassitesta (Brömme, 1883): synonym of † Parafossarulus crassitesta (Brömme, 1883)
† Bithynia curta Locard, 1893: synonym of † Bithynia glabra helvetica (Wenz, 1930)
† Bithynia gracilis Sandberger, 1875: synonym of † Bithynia glabra glabra (von Zieten, 1832)
Bithynia hamicensis Pallary, 1939: synonym of Pseudobithynia hamicensis (Pallary, 1939)
† Bithynia labiata Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875: synonym of † Neumayria labiata (Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875)
Bithynia leachi (Sheppard, 1823): synonym of Bithynia leachii (Sheppard, 1823)
Bithynia majewsky Frauenfeld, 1862: synonym of Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758)
† Bithynia margaritula Fuchs, 1870: synonym of † Pseudamnicola (Pseudamnicola) margaritula (Fuchs, 1870)
Bithynia narentana Locard, 1874 : synonym of Bithynia mostarensis Möllendorff, 1873
Bithynia pentheri Sturany, 1904: synonym of Pseudobithynia pentheri (Sturany, 1904)
Bithynia phaeacina Locard, 1887: synonym of Pseudobithynia renei (Letourneux, 1887)
† Bithynia podwinensis Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875: synonym of † Neumayria podwinensis (Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875)
† Bithynia proxima Fuchs, 1870: synonym of † Pseudamnicola proxima (Fuchs, 1870)
Bithynia saulcyi Bourguignat, 1853: synonym of Pseudobithynia saulcyi (Bourguignat, 1853)
† Bithynia scalaris Fuchs, 1877: synonym of † Bythinella megarensis Bukowski, 1896
† Bithynia spoliata Stefanescu, 1896: synonym of † Neumayria spoliata (Stefanescu, 1896)
Bithynia stossichiana Locard, 1894: synonym of Pseudobithynia renei (Letourneux, 1887)
Bithynia uzielliana Issel, 1866: synonym of Gangetia uzielliana (Issel, 1866)
† Bithynia vucotinovici Brusina, 1874: synonym of † Neumayria vukotinovici (Brusina, 1874)
† Bithynia vukotinovici Brusina, 1874: synonym of † Neumayria vukotinovici (Brusina, 1874)
See also
Parafossarulus
References
Glöer P. & Pešić V. (2012) The freshwater snails (Gastropoda) of Iran, with descriptions of two new genera and eight new species. ZooKeys 219: 11–61
External links
Glöer P. & Pešić V. (2007). "The Bithynia species from Skadar Lake (Montenegro) (Gastropoda: Bithyniidae)". Mollusca 25(1): 7-12. Dresden.
Bithyniidae
Gastropod genera
Taxa named by William Elford Leach