Verse of the mawadda

Verse of the mawadda
The verse of the (Arabic: آية الْمَوَدَّة) refers to verse 42:23 of the Quran, the central religious text of Islam. This verse is often cited in Shia to support the elevated status of the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, known as the Ahl al-Bayt. Most Sunni authors reject the Shia view and offer various alternatives, chief among them that this verse enjoins love for kinsfolk in general. The verse of the includes the passage,
Shia view
The word in this verse is interpreted in Shia as Muhammad's kin, the Ahl al-Bayt. In this vein, the Shia-leaning historian Ibn Ishaq narrates that Muhammad specified as his daughter Fatima, her husband Ali, and their two sons, Hasan and Husayn. Among others, the Sunni historian al-Baladhuri (d. 892) quotes Hasan in his as referring to the verse of the in his inaugural speech as the caliph after the assassination of his father in 661,
The Isma'ili jurist al-Qadi al-Nu'man writes that the Sunni scholar Hasan al-Basri had once reported on the authority of the early exegete Ibn Abbas that Muhammad considered Ali, Fatima, and their sons as the in this verse. Later, al-Nu'man continues, al-Basri reinterpreted the verse differently to mean gaining proximity to God through obedience to Him. This apparently led to his repudiation as a "misconstruer of God's words" by the Shia imam Muhammad al-Baqir. Indeed, this and other prevalent Sunni interpretations of the verse of the are challenged in a theological argument attributed to al-Baqir. Alternatively, the Islamicist Wilferd Madelung suggests that the wording in the verse of the does not agree with the Shia interpretation, which is also what the Sunni exegete al-Tabari writes, that is, for the Shia interpretation to hold, the verse should have ended with the phrase . The Sufi scholar Ibn Ajiba counters that the present ending creates a more emphatic injunction to love Muhammad's kin.
In Twelver Shia, this love also entails obedience to the Ahl al-Bayt as the source of exoteric and esoteric religious guidance. This obedience is believed to benefit the faithful first and foremost in view of the following passage of verse 34:47, "Say, 'I ask not of you any reward; that shall be yours.'"
Sunni view
Some Sunni commentators agree with the Shia view, including al-Razi, Baydawi, and Ibn al-Maghazili. Supporting the Shia interpretation of the verse, the Shia author Muhammad Rayshahri cites the Sunni scholars Ibn Hanbal, al-Bukhari, al-Tirmidhi, al-Zamakhshari, and al-Suyuti. Most Sunni authors, however, offer various alternatives to the Shia view. For instance, al-Tabari lists four different proposals and the one he prefers is that the verse of the instructs Muslims to love the prophet because of their blood relations to him. Madelung rejects this interpretation because this verse was likely revealed in Medina, where many Muslims did not have family ties with Muhammad. Besides, argues al-Baqir, Muslims love Muhammad anyway for their faith in him as the prophet of God. Instead, Madelung suggests that the verse of the demands love towards relatives in general, which appears to be the common Sunni view. This interpretation thus minimizes the importance of love for the Ahl al-Bayt.
Another Sunni view is that the verse of the was abrogated by verse 34:47, which includes the passage, "Say, 'whatever I ask you with regard to my reward, it is for you.'" Alternatively, al-Baqir interprets verse 34:47 as, "Say, 'whatever I ask you in way of return is meant for you.'" That is, in his view, even if verse 34:47 was revealed after the verse of the , it only emphasized the latter verse by noting that the love for relations therein is intended to benefit the believers and not Muhammad. Yet another proposal listed by al-Tabari is that the verse of the asks Muslims to love God in approaching him through their deeds, a view also propounded by Hasan al-Basri. An argument attributed to al-Baqir counters that this interpretation obviates the words love and reward in the verse.
See also
Footnotes
References
Ash-Shura
Quranic verses
Islamic ethics
Philosophy of love
Family