PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
Paul Pedersen (composer)

Paul Pedersen (composer)
Paul Richard Pedersen (born August 28, 1935) is a Canadian composer, arts administrator, and music educator. An associate of the Canadian Music Centre and a member of the Canadian League of Composers, he is particularly known for his works of electronic music; a number of which utilize various forms of multi-media. In 2014 he was made an Honorary Member of the Canadian Electroacoustic Community. Early on in his career, he wrote non-electronic compositions which exhibited a free atonal style.
Life
Born in Camrose, Alberta, Pedersen entered the University of Saskatchewan in 1953 where he earned a Bachelor of Arts in music in 1957. At the school he was mentored in music composition by Murray Adaskin. He matriculated to the University of Toronto (UT) where he studied composition with John Weinzweig; receiving a Master of Music in 1961. He later returned to the UT to pursue doctoral studies in musicology which focused on research in acoustic and musical psychology. Part of his research was published in the Winter 1965 edition of the Journal of Music Theory in an article entitled The mel scale. He earned a PhD from the UT in 1970 after completing his doctoral dissertation, The perception of musical pitch structure.
In 1961 Pedersen joined the music staff at Parkdale Collegiate Institute in Toronto. He left there in 1962 when he was appointed music director of Augustana University College, a post he held through 1964. In 1966 he was appointed to the Faculty of Music at McGill University (MU) where he remained for the next 24 years. He served as the chairman of McGill's theory department from 1970–1974 and was head of the McGill University Electronic Music Studios from 1971-1974. He served as Associate-Dean of the Faculty of Music from 1974–1976 and then as Dean from 1976-1986. He was also director and executive producer of McGill University Records from 1976-1990. In 1990 Pedersen left McGill to become the Dean of the Faculty of Music at the University of Toronto.
In 2016, Concordia University in Montreal created 'The Paul Award in Electroacoustics' to celebrate Paul Pedersen's contribution to the development of electroacoustics in Canada.
References
External links
The Paul Pedersen Collection at Marvin Duchow Music Library, McGill University
1935 births
Living people
Canadian arts administrators
Canadian composers
Canadian male composers
Canadian music educators
Academic staff of McGill University
People from Camrose, Alberta
University of Saskatchewan alumni
University of Toronto alumni
Academic staff of the University of Toronto
عر (توضيح)

عر (توضيح)
قد يقصد من «عر» :
Kaleh Namak Kur

Kaleh Namak Kur (also Romanized as Kaleh Namak Kūr) is a village in Sedeh Rural District, in the Central District of Arak County, Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 381, in 113 families.
References
Populated places in Arak County
Atabak, Kurdistan

Atabak, Kurdistan
Atabak (also Romanized as Atābak) is a village in Posht-e Arbaba Rural District, Alut District, Baneh County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 27, in 5 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
References
Towns and villages in Baneh County
خان إيزدخواست

خان إيزدخواست هو خان تاريخي يعود إلى عصر ساسانيون، ويقع في إيزدخواست.
معرض صور
مراجع
خانات إيران
مبان ومنشآت في محافظة فارس
معالم وطنية في إيران
أريفالدو ألفيس دوس سانتوس

أريفالدو ألفيس دوس سانتوس (مواليد )، هو لاعب كرة قدم كان يلعب كلاعب وسط.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في اليابان
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية برازيليون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة القدم البرازيليون
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
لاعبو الدوري الياباني للدرجة الأولى
لاعبو كاشيما أنتلرز
لاعبو كرة قدم برازيليون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون برازيليون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في اليابان
لاعبو نادي أتلتيكو غويانيينسي
لاعبو نادي إنترناسيونال
لاعبو نادي باهيا
لاعبو نادي فورتاليزا
Rufus Smith (baseball)

Rufus Smith (baseball)
Rufus Frazier "Shirt" Smith (January 24, 1905 – August 21, 1984) was a Major League Baseball pitcher. He played in one game for the Detroit Tigers on October 2, .
External links
1905 births
1984 deaths
Detroit Tigers players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Baseball players from North Carolina
Guilford Quakers baseball players
Sportspeople from Aiken, South Carolina
مدفون

مدفون (طبق) من المطبخ الخليجي
مدفونة من المطبخ التونسي
كارلوس برناردو غونزاليس بيكوتشي

كارلوس برناردو غونزاليس بيكوتشي (من مواليد 11 أغسطس 1901 - والمُتوفى في 4 أبريل 1963)، والمعروف أيضًا باسم راومسول، هو مفكر وداعم للإنسانية قام بتطوير مبدأ الفلسفة المنطقية في عام 1930.
سيرته الذاتية
كان كارلوس غونزاليس بيكوتشي ابنًا لجورج ن. غونزاليس وماريا بيكوتشي دي غونزاليز. وتزوج من بولينا يوجينيا بونتل في 8 أكتوبر 1924 وكان له ابن هو كارلوس فيديريكو غونزاليس بونتل المولود في 10 يوليو 1925.
أسس كارلوس أول مركز ثقافي للفلسفة المنطقية في 11 أغسطس 1930، في مدينة قرطبة بالأرجنتين. وقام بعد ذلك بتأسيس العديد من المراكز الدراسية الأخرى في الأرجنتين وأوروغواي والبرازيل. وشغل منصب رئيس تحرير مجلتين (أكواريوس، 1931-1939، ولوجوصوفيا، 1941-1947) وصحيفة هيراد راومسوك (1935-1938) المهتمة بتدريس ونشر المعرفة المنطقية. أعطى أكثر من ألف مؤتمر ودروس في الأرجنتين وأوروغواي والبرازيل، وتواصل أثناء حياته عل نطاق واسع وشامل مع علماء الفلسفة في جميع أنحاء العالم، وكذلك مع المثقفين في أمريكا الجنوبية وأوروبا.و كتب العديد من الكتب المتعلقة بالوجودية في العديد من الأنواع.
كما أنشأ النظام التعليمي اللوجستي، الذي يضم اليوم 7 مدارس في البرازيل، و 2 في الأرجنتين، وواحد في أوروغواي. تطبق هذه المدارس علم أصول التدريس المنطقي (بيداغوجيا).
مؤلفاته المُختارة
مقدمة في الإدراك اللوجستي - 1951
أسس سلوكك (بعد وفاته) - 1965
أوجه القصور وروح الإنسان - 1962
الحوار - 1952 (بالإسبانية، غير متاح باللغة الإنجليزية بعد)
دورة استهلال في الفلسفة - 1963
التفسير الفلسفي المنطقي- 1956
الفلسفة والعلوم والوسائل - 1957
الميراث الذاتي - 1957
الروح (بعد وفاته) - 1968
آلية الحياة الواعية - 1956
روابط خارجية
مراجع
أشخاص من بوينس آيرس
فلاسفة أرجنتنيون
فلاسفة أرجنتينيون في القرن 20
فلاسفة القرن 20
مواليد 1901
وفيات 1963
Carl Abel

Carl Abel (25 November 1837 – 26 November 1906) was a German comparative philologist from Berlin who wrote Linguistic Essays in 1880. Abel also acted as Ilchester lecturer on comparative lexicography at the University of Oxford and as the Berlin correspondent of the Times and the Standard. His 400-page dictionary of Egyptian-Semitic-Indo-European roots appeared in 1886. His essay "On the antithetical meanings of primal words" (Ueber den Gegensinn der Urworte) was discussed by Sigmund Freud in an identically titled piece, which, in turn, was discussed by Jacques Derrida as a precursor to deconstruction's semantic insights. He also translated some of Shakespeare's works into German.
He was a son of a successful banker Gerson Abel. Of Jewish descent, he converted to Christianity.
Abel died in Wiesbaden. His son Curt Abel-Musgrave (1860–1938) was a writer and translator. His grandson was noted economist Richard Musgrave.
Work
Über einige Grundzüge der lateinischen Wortstellung. Zweite Auflage. Dümmler, Berlin 1871. Digitalized
Über den Begriff der Liebe in einigen alten und neuen Sprachen. C. G. Lüderitz’sche Publishing house and bookstore Carl Habel, Berlin 1872.
Koptische Untersuchungen. Dümmler, Berlin 1876. Reprinted: Sändig Reprint, Niederwalluf near Wiesbaden 1970.
Slavic and Latin. Ilchester Lectures on comparative lexicography. Oxford University, Oxford 1883 (Digitalized).
Über den Gegensinn der Urworte. Wilhelm Friedrich, Leipzig 1884 (Digitalized).
Sprachwissenschaftliche Abhandlungen. Publishing house Wilhelm Friedrich, Leipzig 1885 (Digitalized).
Einleitung in ein aegyptisch-semitisch-indoeuropaeisches Wurzelwörterbuch. Publishing house Wilhelm Friedrich, Leipzig 1886 (Digitalized). Reprinted: M. Sändig, Wiesbaden 1969.
Notes
References
http://www.pep-web.org/document.php?id=se.011.0153a
1837 births
1906 deaths
Academics of the University of Oxford
German philologists
19th-century German Jews
People from the Province of Brandenburg
Translators of William Shakespeare
Writers from Berlin
19th-century German dramatists and playwrights
19th-century German male writers
19th-century German writers
German male dramatists and playwrights
German male poets
Paleolinguists
Linguists of Indo-Semitic languages
Writers from the German Empire
(38580) 1999 XN17

(38580) 1999 XN17
1999 أكس أن 17 (ويعرف أيضًا باسم (38580) 1999 أكس أن 17 وفق تسمية الكوكب الصغير) ؛ هو كويكب ضمن حزام الكويكبات.
اكتُشف هذا الجُرم الفلكي بواسطة بحث لنكولن عن الكويكبات القريبة من الأرض في 2 ديسمبر 1999، وترتيبه 38580 من حيث الاكتشاف.
الوصف
اكتُشف في 2 ديسمبر 1999 في مرصد ماغدالينا ريدج، الواقع في مقاطعة سوكورو، نيومكسيكو في الولايات المتحدة، بواسطة مشروع بحث لنكولن عن الكويكبات القريبة من الأرض . وقد رصد المشروع 1,987 مشاهدة للكويكب إلى غاية 25 أغسطس 2021 بتوقيت منطقة المحيط الهادئ، أي في مدة قدرها 8,502 يومًا (23.3 عام). تستغرق الفترة المدارية للكويكب 1,380 يومًا (3.8 عام).
الخصائص المدارية
يتميز مدار هذا الكويكب بنصف محور رئيسي يبلغ 2.43 وحدة فلكية، وحضيض قدره 2.01 وحدة فلكية، وانحراف قدره 0.174 وزاوية ميلان 12 درجة بالنسبة لمسار الشمس. بسبب هذه الخصائص، أي نصف المحور الرئيسي بين 2 و3.2 وحدة فلكية وحضيض أكبر من 1,666 وحدة فلكية، يُصنف هذا الجُرم الفلكي وفقًا لقاعدة بيانات مختبر الدفع النفاث لأجرام النظام الشمسي الصغيرة كائنًا من حزام الكويكبات الرئيسي.
الخصائص الفيزيائية
يُقدر القدر المطلق (H) لـ بـ14.61 ووضاءته بـ0.071، مما يمكِّن تقدير قطره بـ 6.587كم. استُخلصت هذه النتائج بفضل ملاحظات مستكشف الأشعة تحت الحمراء عريض المجال (WISE)، وهو مرصد فضائي أمريكي وُضع في المدار في عام 2009 ويراقب السماء بأكملها بالأشعة تحت الحمراء، في عام 2011، نُشرت النتائج الأولى المتعلقة بالكويكبات من الحزام الرئيسي.
انظر أيضًا
قائمة الكواكب الصغيرة
المراجع
وصلات خارجية
اكتشافات بحث لينكون للكويكبات القريبة من الأرض
أجرام فلكية اكتشفت في 1999
حزام الكويكبات
كواكب صغيرة مسماة
ARF4

ARF4
ADP-ribosylation factor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARF4 gene.
Function
ADP-ribosylation factor 4 (ARF4) is a member of the human ARF gene family. These genes encode small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that stimulate the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of cholera toxin and play a role in vesicular trafficking and as activators of phospholipase D. The gene products include 5 ARF proteins and 11 ARF-like proteins and constitute 1 family of the RAS superfamily. The ARF proteins are categorized as class I (ARF1 and ARF3), class II (ARF4 and ARF5) and class III (ARF6). The members of each class share a common gene organization. The ARF4 gene spans approximately 12kb and contains six exons and five introns. The ARF4 is the most divergent member of the human ARFs. Conflicting Map positions at 3p14 or 3p21 have been reported for this gene.
Interactions
ARF4 has been shown to interact with Epidermal growth factor receptor and with RVxP motifs.
References
Further reading
External links
الدوري الكرواتي الممتاز 2010–11

الدوري الكرواتي الممتاز 2010–11 هو الموسم 20 من الدوري الكرواتي الممتاز. أقيم خلال الفترة 24 يوليو 2010 وحتى 21 مايو 2011، وأشرف على تنظيمه اتحاد كرواتيا لكرة القدم، وكان عدد الأندية المشاركة فيه 16، وفاز فيه نادي دينامو زغرب.
نتائج الموسم
مراجع
الدوري الكرواتي الممتاز
دوريات كرة قدم أوروبية في 2010–11
كرة القدم الكرواتية في 2010-11
مواسم الدوري الكرواتي لكرة القدم
Kobe Franklin

Kobe Franklin
Kobe Lloyd Franklin (born May 10, 2003) is a Canadian soccer player who plays as a defender for Toronto FC in Major League Soccer.
Early life
Born in Toronto, Franklin began playing soccer at age four with Beach Community Soccer. Shortly after he began to play with Power Soccer Academy. When he was 9, his family moved to Chicago, where he began playing with Evanston SC before quickly joining the academy of Major League Soccer club Chicago Fire. He later returned to Toronto, joining the Toronto FC Academy in February 2017.
Club career
He made his senior debut playing for the Senior Academy team, Toronto FC III, on August 19, 2018, in League1 Ontario against Ottawa South United, scoring a 94th minute goal, becoming the youngest ever goal scorer in League1 Ontario at the age of 15 years, 3 months.
On May 13, 2021, he signed his first professional contract with Toronto FC II of USL League One to join the team for the 2021 season. He made his debut for Toronto FC II on May 22, 2021, against North Texas SC. He scored his first professional goal on August 18 against Forward Madison. On October 1, he recorded two assists and set up a third goal (although was not credited with a third assist) in a 3–0 victory over North Carolina FC. For the 2021 season, he was a finalist for both the USL League One Young Player of the Year and Defender of the Year awards. He was subsequently invited to training camp with the first team ahead of the 2022 season (and once again for the 2023 season).
On April 1, 2022, he joined the first team, Toronto FC on a short-term four-day loan. He signed additional four day loans on April 23, May 4, and May 7. He made his Major League Soccer debut on May 4, as a second half substitute against FC Cincinnati. In February 2023, he signed a two-year homegrown player contract with two option years with Toronto FC. After a few substitute appearances, Franklin made his first start on April 29 against New York City FC.
International career
Franklin represented the Canada U17 team at the 2019 FIFA U-17 World Cup. In June 2022, he was named to the Canadian U-20 team for the 2022 CONCACAF U-20 Championship.
Career statistics
References
2003 births
Living people
Canadian men's soccer players
Men's association football defenders
Soccer players from Toronto
Toronto FC players
Toronto FC II players
Canada men's youth international soccer players
MLS Next Pro players
USL League One players
Major League Soccer players
Homegrown Players (MLS)
الدوري الهولندي الدرجة الأولى 1970–71

الدوري الهولندي الدرجة الأولى 1970–71
الدوري الهولندي الدرجة الأولى 1970–1971 هو الموسم الخامس عشر من الدوري الهولندي الدرجة الأولى منذ إنشائه في عام 1956. فاز بهذا الموسم دين بوستش.
الفرق
يشارك 20 نادي في الدوري: النادي الذي يحتل المرتبة الأولى في هذا الدوري يتأهل مباشرة إلى الدوري الهولندي الممتاز، تأهل في هذه الدوري دين بوستش.
مراجع
روابط خارجية
1970–71 في دوريات كرة قدم أوروبية من الدرجة الثانية
دوريات كرة قدم محلية في 1970
دوريات كرة قدم محلية في 1971
كرة القدم الهولندية في 1970-71
مواسم الدوري الهولندي لكرة القدم الدرجة الثانية
Ängelholm

Ängelholm is a locality and the seat of Ängelholm Municipality in Skåne, Sweden with 42,131 inhabitants in 2017.
History
The old settlement Rynestad was mentioned around the year 1600.
The city was founded in 1516 as Engelholm by King Christian II of Denmark, who moved the settlement from Luntertun on the coast because it was difficult to defend. As a founder, King Christian II personally identified the boundaries of the new city, granting the city a charter in 1516. At Luntertun there is only a church garden left today.
The town remained small for centuries. Following the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658, Ängelholm, together with the rest of Skåne, was assigned by Denmark to Sweden. The town began to grow in the 19th century due to industrialization. It was also a garrison town until 1883 and had a Swedish Air Force base between 1941 and 2009. The older spelling Engelholm was retained until 1912, when the city council decided to adopt a more modern spelling in line with the Swedish spelling reform of 1906. The high-performance car manufacturer Koenigsegg Automotive is based on the premises of the decommissioned Scania Wing (F 10).
Contemporary
Tourism is an important industry for the city. There is a 6-kilometer long sandy beach right outside the town. The winds in Skälder Bay make the beach a popular place for sailors, wave surfers and wind surfers.
There is also an ice cream manufacturer, Engelholms Glass which produces about 1.2 million litres of ice-cream every year.
A special sight of Ängelholm is the UFO-Memorial Ängelholm.
It is known for its clay cuckoos — a special kind of ocarina. This is however a dying tradition as there is now only one producer of clay cuckoos, Sofia Nilsson. Ängelholm has the only orchestra of clay cuckoos in the whole world with which performed at the "Allsång på Skansen" in 2007.
Ängelholm is also the home of hockey team Rögle BK that competes in the SHL.
Notable people
Emma Andersson, singer, model, chef, and TV personality
Sebastian Andersson, Footballer
Sofie Andersson, golfer
Malik Bendjelloul, Academy Award winning filmmaker
Frans G. Bengtsson, author
Gösta Carlsson, road racing cyclist
Jörgen Elofsson, songwriter
Anna Fiske, illustrator and writer
Roger Hansson, ice hockey player
Jill Johnson, singer
Jörgen Jönsson, ice hockey player
Kenny Jönsson, ice hockey player
Christian von Koenigsegg, automotive mogul
Jarl Kulle, actor and director
Timothy Liljegren, ice hockey player
Christopher Liljewall, ice hockey player
Robert Mirosavic, footballer
Rikard Nilsson, chef
Gustav Olhaver, ice hockey player
Maria Rooth, ice hockey player
Sven Rydenfelt, economist
Anton Santesson (born 1994), ice hockey defenceman
Jenny Silver, singer
Peter Svensson, tennis player
Peter Wichers, musician
See also
Heliga korsets kapell, Ängelholm
References
External links
Ängelholm' municipality
Ängelholm's tourist web page
Municipal seats of Skåne County
Swedish municipal seats
Populated places in Ängelholm Municipality
Populated places in Skåne County
Coastal cities and towns in Sweden
Populated places established in 1516
16th-century establishments in Skåne County
Cities in Skåne County
توجيبي

توجيبي (بالإنكليزية:Togepi) هو مرافق ميستي في مسلسل بوكيمون.
نبذه
وصلات
مراجع
البيض في الثقافة
بوكيمونات
شخصيات أطفال في ألعاب فيديو
شخصيات ألعاب فيديو ظهرت في سنة 1999
شخصيات تلفزيونية ظهرت في 1998
شخصيات تلفزيونية رسوم متحركة
شخصيات رسوم متحركة تلفزيونية ظهرت في 1998
كورين أونيانغو

كورين أونيانغو هي مُمثلة ومُذيعة كينية.
حياتها الخاصة
لدى كورين أونيانغو ابن يُدعى «كينغ كوي». تتحدث كورين أونيانغو اللغتين الفرنسية والإنجليزية بطلاقة.
أعمالها
2008: «من خلال همسة» (فيلم).
2010: «حكايات تينغا تينغا» (مُسلسل تلفزيوني).
روابط خارجية
مراجع
مذيعو راديو كينيون
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
خريجو جامعة نورث وسترن
ممثلات أفلام كينيات
ممثلات تلفزيون كينيات
ممثلات كينيات في القرن 21
مواليد عقد 1980
مذيعات راديو كينيات
Bubur ayam

Bubur ayam (Indonesian for "chicken congee") is an Indonesian chicken congee. It is rice congee with shredded chicken meat served with some condiments, such as chopped scallion, crispy fried shallot, celery, tongcay or chai poh (preserved vegetables), fried soybean, crullers (youtiao, known as cakwe in Indonesia), and both salty and sweet soy sauce, and sometimes topped with yellow chicken broth and kerupuk (Indonesian-style crackers). Unlike many other Indonesian dishes, it is not spicy; sambal or chili paste is served separately. It is a favourite breakfast food, served by humble travelling vendors, warung (small local shops), fast food establishments, and five-star hotel restaurants. Travelling bubur ayam vendors frequently pass through residential streets in the morning selling the dish.
Origin and variations
The origin of bubur ayam was derived from Chinese chicken congee. The traces of Chinese cuisine influences are the use of cakwe (youtiao), tongcay or chai poh and soy sauce. Bubur ayam employs a wide range of poultry products, such as shredded chicken meat for the main dish and different dishes made with chicken offal as side delicacies. Bubur ayam is often eaten with the addition of boiled chicken egg, chicken liver, gizzard, intestines and uritan (premature chicken eggs acquired from butchered hens), served as satay. There are some variants of bubur ayam, such as bubur ayam Bandung and bubur ayam Sukabumi, both from West Java. The later variant uses raw telur ayam kampung (lit. "village chicken egg", i.e. free-range eggs) buried under the hot rice congee to allow the egg to be half-cooked, with the other ingredients on top of the rice congee. The recipe and condiments of bubur ayam served by travelling vendors and warung are also slightly different with those served in fast food establishments or hotel restaurants.
Because this food is always served hot and with a soft texture, like soto ayam and nasi tim, bubur ayam is known as comfort food in Indonesian culture. The soft texture of the rice congee and boneless chicken also makes this dish suitable for young children or adults in convalescence. Because of its popularity, bubur ayam has become one of the Asia-inspired fast food menu items at McDonald's Indonesia and Malaysia, and also at Kentucky Fried Chicken Indonesia. Although almost all recipes of bubur ayam use rice, a new variation, called bubur ayam havermut, replaces rice with oats. In grocery stores, bubur ayam is also available as instant food, requiring only the addition of hot water.
Gallery
See also
Arroz caldo
List of porridges
References
External links
Bubur Ayam Sukabumi recipe (in Indonesian)
Bubur Ayam Bandung recipe (in Indonesian)
Bubur Ayam Jakarta recipe (in Indonesian)
Indonesian chicken dishes
Congee
Indonesian Chinese cuisine
Indonesian rice dishes
Street food in Indonesia
آلان باومان

آلان باومان هو لاعب كرة قدم سويسري في مركز الوسط، ولد في 12 مارس 1966 في كوينز في سويسرا. لعب مع يانغ بويز.
مراجع
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية سويسريون
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من مقاطعة بيرن-ميتيلاند
لاعبو دوري السوبر السويسري
لاعبو كرة قدم سويسريون
لاعبو نادي ثون
لاعبو يونغ بويز
مواليد 1966
رياضيون من كانتون برن
لاعبو كرة قدم من كانتون برن
2MASS

2MASS
The Two Micron All-Sky Survey, or 2MASS, was an astronomical survey of the whole sky in infrared light. It took place between 1997 and 2001, in two different locations: at the U.S. Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory on Mount Hopkins, Arizona, and at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile, each using a 1.3-meter telescope for the Northern and Southern Hemisphere, respectively. It was conducted in the short-wavelength infrared at three distinct frequency bands (J, H, and K) near 2 micrometres, from which the photometric survey with its HgCdTe detectors derives its name.
2MASS produced an astronomical catalog with over 300 million observed objects, including minor planets of the Solar System, brown dwarfs, low-mass stars, nebulae, star clusters and galaxies. In addition, 1 million objects were cataloged in the 2MASS Extended Source Catalog (2MASX). The cataloged objects are designated with a "2MASS" and "2MASX"-prefix respectively.
Catalog
The final data release for 2MASS occurred in 2003, and is served by the Infrared Science Archive. The goals of this survey included:
Detection of galaxies in the "Zone of Avoidance", a strip of sky obscured in visible light by our own galaxy, the Milky Way.
Detection of brown dwarfs. 2MASS discovered a total of 173, including 2MASS 0939-2448, 2MASS 0415-0935, 2M1207, and 2MASS J04414489+2301513.
An extensive survey of low mass stars, the most common type of star both in our own galaxy and others.
Cataloging of all detected stars and galaxies.
Infrared measurements from the 2MASS survey have been particularly effective at unveiling previously undiscovered star clusters.
Numerical descriptions of point sources (stars, planets, asteroids) and extended sources (galaxies, nebulae) were cataloged by automated computer programs to an average limiting magnitude of about 14. More than 300 million point sources and 1 million extended sources were cataloged. In November 2003, a team of scientists announced the discovery of the Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy, at that time the closest known satellite galaxy to the Milky Way, based on analysis of 2MASS stellar data.
The resulting data and images from the survey are currently in the public domain, and may be accessed online for free by anyone. There is also a list of 2MASS science publications with links to free pre-publication copies of the papers.
2MASS is sponsored by the University of Massachusetts Amherst, the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC, run by Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and Caltech), NASA, and the National Science Foundation (NSF).
References
External links
2MASS at IPAC
2MASS at UMass
2MASS Atlas Image Gallery: Miscellaneous Objects
Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in 2MASS
2MASS All-Sky Release Database
Astronomical catalogues
Astronomical surveys
Photometric systems