Coelogyne

Coelogyne is a genus of over 200 sympodial epiphytes from the family Orchidaceae, distributed across India, China, Indonesia and the Fiji islands, with the main centers in Borneo, Sumatra and the Himalayas. They can be found from tropical lowland forests to montane rainforests. A few species grow as terrestrials or even as lithophytes in open, humid habitats. The genera Bolborchis Lindl., Hologyne Pfitzer and Ptychogyne Pfitzer are generally included here. The genus is abbreviated Coel. in trade journals.
Name
The name Coelogyne was first published as Caelogyne in 1821 by John Lindley. and is derived from the Ancient Greek words κοῖλος (koîlos, hollow) and γῠνή (gunḗ, woman), referring to the concave stigma.
A few species are commonly known as "necklace orchids", because of their long, pendant, multi-flowered inflorescence.
Description
This genus lacks the saccate base of the labellum, a typical characteristic which is present in the other genera in the subtribe Coelogyninae. The free lip has high lateral lobes along the basal part of the labellum (hypochile) and smooth, toothed or warty keels.
The pseudobulbs of one internode vary in size. They may be closely or widely spaced through sympodial growth along the rhizome.
Inflorescences often show a small to very large number of showy, medium-sized to large flowers. They may arise either from the apex of the newly completed pseudobulb at the end of the growing season (as in Coelogyne fimbriata), or may precede the new growth in early spring (as in Coelogyne cristata). The typical colour range of this genus is white, through tawny brown to green, and occasionally peachy tones. All species have four pollinia.
They have often a sweet scent, attracting different kinds of pollinators, such as bees, wasps and beetles.
Distribution
The cooler growing species such as Coelogyne fimbriata, Coelogyne ovalis, Colegyne fuliginosa, Coelogyne cristata, Coelogyne flaccida, Coelogyne nitida originate in the Himalayan region of India and southeast Asia.
Taxonomy
The traditional taxonomy of the genus Coelogyne is still disputed. Coelogyne has been subdivided in 23 sections or subgenera by De Vogel (1994) and Clayton. Molecular data show that Coelogyne is paraphyletic and should be reorganised. It should include the genera Neogyna and Pholidota, and several sections should be removed, including Cyathogyne, Tomentosae, Rigidiformes, Veitchiae and Verrucosae. This new genus Coelogyne should then contain about 160 species.
The type species is Coelogyne cristata.
Species
The database IPNI gives 415 entries for this genus, but a large number are invalid or have become synonyms. These are not mentioned in the following traditional list.
Coelogyne acutilabium de Vogel
Coelogyne albobrunnea J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne albolutea Rolfe
Coelogyne anceps Hook.f.
Coelogyne asperata Lindl.
Coelogyne assamica Linden & Rchb.f.
Coelogyne barbata Lindl. ex Griff.
Coelogyne beccarii Rchb.f.
Coelogyne bicamerata J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne bilamellata Lindl.
Coelogyne borneensis Rolfe
Coelogyne brachygyne J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne brachyptera Rchb.f.
Coelogyne breviscapa Lindl.
Coelogyne bruneiensis de Vogel
Coelogyne buennemeyeri J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne calcarata J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne calcicola Kerr
Coelogyne caloglossa Schltr.
Coelogyne candoonensis Ames
Coelogyne carinata Rolfe.
Coelogyne celebensis J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne chanii Gravend. & de Vogel
Coelogyne chlorophaea Schltr.
Coelogyne chloroptera Rchb.f.
Coelogyne clemensii Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames.
Coelogyne clemensii var. angustifolia Carr
Coelogyne clemensii var. clemensii
Coelogyne clemensii var. longiscapa Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames
Coelogyne compressicaulis Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames
Coelogyne concinna Ridl.
Coelogyne confusa Ames.
Coelogyne contractipetala J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne corymbosa Lindl.
Coelogyne crassiloba J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne craticulilabris Carr
Coelogyne cristata Lindl.
Coelogyne cumingii Lindl.
Coelogyne cuprea H.Wendl. & Kraenzl.
Coelogyne cuprea var. cuprea
Coelogyne cuprea var. planiscapa J.J.Wood & C.L.Chan
Coelogyne dichroantha Gagnep
Coelogyne distans J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne dulitensis Carr.
Coelogyne eberhardtii Gagnep
Coelogyne ecarinata C.Schweinf.
Coelogyne echinolabium de Vogel
Coelogyne elmeri Ames.
Coelogyne endertii J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne exalata Ridl.
Coelogyne filipeda Gagnep.
Coelogyne fimbriata Lindl.
Coelogyne flaccida Lindl.
Coelogyne flexuosa Rolfe.
Coelogyne foerstermannii Rchb.f..
Coelogyne formosa Schltr.
Coelogyne fragrans Schltr.
Coelogyne fuerstenbergiana Schltr.
Coelogyne fuscescens Lindl.
Coelogyne fuscescens var. brunnea (Lindl.) Lindl..
Coelogyne fuscescens var. fuscescens
Coelogyne fuscescens var. integrilabia Pfitzer in H.G.A.Engler (ed.).
Coelogyne genuflexa Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames.
Coelogyne ghatakii T.K.Paul, S.K.Basu & M.C.Biswas
Coelogyne gibbifera J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne glandulosa Lindl.
Coelogyne glandulosa var. bournei S.Das & S.K.Jain
Coelogyne glandulosa var. glandulosa
Coelogyne glandulosa var. sathyanarayanae S.Das & S.K.Jain
Coelogyne gongshanensis H.Li ex S.C.Chen.
Coelogyne griffithii Hook.f.
Coelogyne guamensis Ames
Coelogyne hajrae Phukan.
Coelogyne harana J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne hirtella J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne hitendrae S.Das & S.K.Jain.
Coelogyne holochila P.F.Hunt & Summerh.
Coelogyne huettneriana Rchb.f.
Coelogyne imbricans J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne incrassata (Blume) Lindl.
Coelogyne incrassata var. incrassata
Coelogyne incrassata var. sumatrana J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne incrassata var. valida J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne integerrima Ames
Coelogyne integra Schltr.
Coelogyne judithiae P.Taylor
Coelogyne kaliana P.J.Cribb.
Coelogyne kelamensis J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne kemiriensis J.J.Sm..
Coelogyne kinabaluensis Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames.
Coelogyne lacinulosa J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne latiloba Vogel
Coelogyne lawrenceana Rolfe
Coelogyne lentiginosa Lindl.
Coelogyne leucantha W.W.Sm.
Coelogyne lockii Aver.
Coelogyne loheri Rolfe
Coelogyne longiana Aver.
Coelogyne longibulbosa Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames.
Coelogyne longifolia (Blume) Lindl.
Coelogyne longipes Lindl.
Coelogyne longirachis Ames
Coelogyne longpasiaensis J.J.Wood & C.L.Chan
Coelogyne lycastoides F.Muell. & Kraenzl.
Coelogyne macdonaldii F.Muell. & Kraenzl.
Coelogyne malintangensis J.J.Sm..
Coelogyne malipoensis Z.H.Tsi
Coelogyne marmorata Rchb.f.
Coelogyne marthae S.E.C.Sierra
Coelogyne mayeriana Rchb.f.
Coelogyne merrillii Ames
Coelogyne micrantha Lindl.
Coelogyne miniata (Blume) Lindl.
Coelogyne monilirachis Carr
Coelogyne monticola J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne mooreana Rolfe
Coelogyne mossiae Rolfe
Coelogyne motleyi Rolfe ex J.J.Wood, D.A.Clayton & C.L.Chan
Coelogyne moultonii J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne multiflora Schltr.
Coelogyne muluensis J.J.Wood
Coelogyne naja J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne nervosa A.Rich.
Coelogyne nitida (Wall. ex D.Don) Lindl.
Coelogyne obtusifolia Carr
Coelogyne occultata Hook.f.
Coelogyne occultata var. occultata
Coelogyne occultata var. uniflora N.P.Balakr.
Coelogyne odoardoi Schltr.
Coelogyne odoratissima Lindl.
Coelogyne ovalis Lindl.
Coelogyne palawanensis Ames
Coelogyne pandurata Lindl. : Black Orchid
Coelogyne papillosa Ridl. ex Stapf.
Coelogyne parishii Hook.f.
Coelogyne peltastes Rchb.f.
Coelogyne pempahisheyana H.J.Chowdhery
Coelogyne pendula Summerh. ex Perry
Coelogyne pholidotoides J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne picta Schltr.
Coelogyne planiscapa Carr.
Coelogyne planiscapa var. grandis Carr.
Coelogyne planiscapa var. planiscapa
Coelogyne plicatissima Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames
Coelogyne prasina Ridl.
Coelogyne prolifera Lindl.
Coelogyne pulchella Rolfe.
Coelogyne pulverula Teijsm. & Binn.
Coelogyne punctulata Lindl.
Coelogyne punctulata f. brevifolia (Lindl.) S.Das & S.K.Jain
Coelogyne punctulata f. punctulata Coelogyne quadratiloba Gagnep.
Coelogyne quinquelamellata Ames
Coelogyne radicosa Ridl.
Coelogyne radioferens Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames
Coelogyne raizadae S.K.Jain & S.Das.
Coelogyne remediosae Ames & Quisumb.
Coelogyne renae Gravend. & de Vogel.
Coelogyne rhabdobulbon Schltr.
Coelogyne rigida C.S.P.Parish & Rchb.f.
Coelogyne rigidiformis Ames & C.Schweinf.
Coelogyne rochussenii de Vriese
Coelogyne rumphii Lindl.
Coelogyne rupicola Carr.
Coelogyne salmonicolor Rchb.f.
Coelogyne sanderae Kraenzl. ex O'Brien
Coelogyne sanderiana Rchb.f.
Coelogyne schilleriana Rchb.f. & K.Koch.
Coelogyne schultesii S.K.Jain & S.Das.
Coelogyne septemcostata J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne sparsa Rchb.f.
Coelogyne speciosa (Blume) Lindl.
Coelogyne speciosa subsp. fimbriata (J.J.Sm.) Gravend.
Coelogyne speciosa subsp. incarnata Gravend.
Coelogyne speciosa subsp. speciosa Coelogyne squamulosa J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne steenisii J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne stenobulbum Schltr.
Coelogyne stenochila Hook.f.
Coelogyne stricta (D.Don) Schltr.
Coelogyne suaveolens (Lindl.) Hook.f.
Coelogyne susanae P.J.Cribb & B.A.Lewis
Coelogyne swaniana Rolfe
Coelogyne tenasserimensis Seidenf.
Coelogyne tenompokensis Carr.
Coelogyne tenuis Rolfe
Coelogyne testacea Lindl.
Coelogyne tiomanensis M.R.Hend.
Coelogyne tomentosa Lindl. : Necklace Orchid
Coelogyne tommii Gravend. & P.O'Byrne
Coelogyne trilobulata J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne trinervis Lindl.
Coelogyne triplicatula Rchb.f.
Coelogyne triuncialis P.O'Byrne & J.J.Verm.
Coelogyne tumida J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne undatialata J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne usitana Roeth & O.Gruss.
Coelogyne ustulata C.S.P.Parish & Rchb.f.
Coelogyne vanoverberghii Ames
Coelogyne veitchii Rolfe
Coelogyne velutina de Vogel
Coelogyne venusta Rolfe
Coelogyne vermicularis J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne verrucosa S.E.C.Sierra
Coelogyne virescens Rolfe
Coelogyne viscosa Rchb.f.
Coelogyne weixiensis X.H.Jin (2005)
Coelogyne xyrekes Ridl.
Coelogyne yiii Schuit. & de Vogel
Coelogyne zhenkangensis S.C.Chen & K.Y.Lang
Coelogyne zurowetzii Carr
Hybrids Coelogyne hybrids include:Coelogyne Memoria W. Micholitz (C. mooreana × C. lawrenceana)Coelogyne Linda Buckley (C. mooreana × C. cristata)Coelogyne Burfordiense (C. pandurata × C. asperata).Coelogyne South Carolina (C. pandurata × C. burfordiense), sometimes called "the black orchid" because of the black coloration of the heavily patterned and structured lip.
Cultivation
The wide distribution of this genus has resulted in a wide variety of temperature requirements from species to species, some requiring cool to cold conditions to grow and bloom reliably, while others need decidedly warmer temperatures to achieve the same.
The orchids in this genus require a decided rest period during winter in which they receive no feed, very little water (enough to prevent pseudobulbs shrivelling), cool to cold temperatures and high light. These conditions seem to aid flowering in spring for some growers, though others report that more constant conditions can also produce regular flowering.
References
Further reading
Teuscher, H. 1976. Coelogyne and Pleione''. American Orchid Society Bulletin 45(8):688.
Arethuseae genera
Epiphytic orchids