Ojos Azules

Ojos Azules ("Blue Eyes") was a breed of shorthaired domestic cat with unusual blue or odd eyes caused by a Dominant Blue Eye (DBE) genetic mutation. The breed came in all coat colours, however, only particolours (bicolours and tricolours), colourpoints, and intermediate colours with a characteristic white tail tip were permitted. The breed also had a semi-longhaired coat variety, the Ojos Azules Longhair. Due to the lethal side effects of the Ojos Azules-gene, breeders stopped working with this blue eye mutation and the breed became officially extinct.
History
In the 1980s cats with dark blue eyes were discovered among feral cat populations in New Mexico. The first cat with the characteristic, discovered in 1984, was a tortoiseshell named Cornflower. She was bred to males without the trait, which proved to be dominant, as all her kittens showed it. The breed was founded and named Ojos Azules, Spanish for 'Blue Eyes'.
Registration and popularity
Ojos Azules have always been a very rare breed. In 1992, only ten cats were known. The breed, in both short and long hair variety, was accepted for registration by TICA in 1991. The TICA Ojos Azules Breed Group Standard is dated 5 January 2004. Only cats descending from the original foundation female Cornflower and expressing the deep blue eye gene have been called Ojos Azules. It was discovered that cranial defects may be linked to the gene, and breeding was temporarily suspended. Eventually, breeders stopped working with cats bearing this blue eye mutation and the breed became officially extinct.
Ojos Azules-gene
Ojos Azules were remarkable for their deep blue eyes. The depth of colour in the eyes is described as being greater even than that seen in a Siamese and does not cause squinting, deafness or cross-eye. This eye colouration depth in Ojos Azules is due to currently unknown polygenetic variations.
Unlike the blue eyes seen linked to the genes in solid white, bicolour, and colourpoint, all of which suppress pigmentation, this gene is not linked to any specific fur colour or pattern, giving the opportunity to have cats with dark coats and blue eyes. The blue eye colour seen in cats such as the Siamese and the Ojos Azules is due to the same physical phenomenon, the absence of melanin in the iris. Although the cause of the absence of pigment differs between Siamese, white cats, and Ojos, the end result is pigment loss and blue eyes. One indicator of the Ojos gene was a flattened, white tail-tip.
Following a genetic investigation by Solveig Pflueger, breeding resumed in a small way with attempts to breed Ojos Azules without the lethal genetic defects. It was discovered that when the gene is homozygous it caused cranial deformities, white fur, a small curled tail, and stillbirth. However, when the gene was heterozygous, those lethal genetic mutations did not manifest. The result was that breeders crossed the blue-eyed cats with non-blue-eyed cats, assuring a litter of about 50/50 blue/non-blue-eyed kittens.
Description
Appearance
The medium-sized Ojos Azules was known for its bluish eyes, which were large and round. The neck was arched. The tail was proportionate to the cat's body. The head was somewhat triangular in inscribe. It had a slightly rounded forehead and an angular muzzle. The nose had a slight break. The coat was short, fine, soft, silky, and shiny. The undercoat was not particularly developed, but most were dense in colour. All colours were allowed. However, only particolours (bicolours and tricolours), colourpoints, and intermediate colours with a white tail tip were permitted. White markings were common on most extremities (tip of the tail, muzzle, and paws). However, belly spots or chest spots were not acceptable and were considered faults. Solid white coats were not desirable, as they could only be distinguished from common white blue-eyed cats with genetic tests. Solid white blue-eyed Ojos Azules were susceptible to deafness, as is common in white blue-eyed cats without the mutation.
Behaviour
Little is known about this breed, due to its rarity, but some had been known to be active, friendly, and affectionate. They were also easy to groom and did not require much brushing.
Revival of dominant blue eyed breeds
Apart from the extinct Ojos Azules, several other Dominant Blue Eye (DBE) genes have been found in cats worldwide. These are not Ojos Azules, as they are not descending from Cornflower. The cats bear DBE mutations, and are developed into new cat breeds or approved as eye colouration in existing breeds by certain cat registries.
References
Cat breeds
Cat breeds originating in the United States
Experimental cat breeds
Extinct cat breeds