Conocephalus

Conocephalus is a genus of bush crickets, known as coneheads (a term also sometimes applied to members of the related genus Ruspolia). It was described by Carl Peter Thunberg in 1815.
Description
Conocephalus range from 10 to 27 mm in length, measured from head to wingtip. They can be distinguished from the related genus Orchelimum by being smaller and slimmer in general, the face usually being green and the ovipositors of females usually being straight.
The forewings vary in length. Some species always have short forewings, some usually have short forewings but occasionally have individuals with forewings longer than the abdomen, and some always have long forewings.
Species can be distinguished by the shapes of the cerci (males) and ovipositor (females).
Ecology
Bush crickets of this genus live in fields and meadows, where they feed on leaves, flowers, pollen and seeds of grasses and forbs. They also sometimes prey on other insects. Females lay their eggs in grass stems.
Subgenera and species
The Orthoptera Species File lists the following species, grouped into subgenera:
Conocephalus (Amurocephalus)
- subgenus: Storozhenko, 2004 (China)
Conocephalus chinensis (Redtenbacher, 1891)
Conocephalus (Anisoptera)
- subgenus: Latreille, 1829 (Worldwide) - synonym Xiphidium Burmeister, 1838
Conocephalus aberrans (Redtenbacher, 1891)
Conocephalus adustus (Redtenbacher, 1891)
Conocephalus aigialus Rehn & Hebard, 1915
Conocephalus algerinorum Massa, 1999
Conocephalus angustifrons (Redtenbacher, 1891)
Conocephalus angustivertex Pitkin, 1980
Conocephalus armatipes (Karsch, 1893)
Conocephalus attenuatus (Scudder, 1869)
Conocephalus bakeri (Karny, 1920)
Conocephalus bechuanensis (Péringuey, 1916)
Conocephalus beybienkoi Storozhenko, 1981
Conocephalus bidentatus Shi & Zheng, 1994
Conocephalus bilineatus (Erichson, 1842)
Conocephalus bivittatus (Bolívar, 1900)
Conocephalus borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897)
Conocephalus borneensis (Redtenbacher, 1891)
Conocephalus brevicercus (Karsch, 1893)
Conocephalus brevipennis (Scudder, 1862)
Conocephalus caudalis (Walker, 1869)
Conocephalus chavesi (Bolívar, 1905)
Conocephalus cinereus Thunberg, 1815
Conocephalus cognatus (Redtenbacher, 1891)
Conocephalus concolor (Burmeister, 1838)
Conocephalus decaspinosus Nagar & Swaminathan, 2016
Conocephalus denticercus (Karny, 1907)
Conocephalus dorsalidentatus Li, Zhang & Shi, 2019
Conocephalus dorsalis (Latreille, 1804)
Conocephalus ebneri Harz, 1966
Conocephalus equatorialis (Giglio-Tos, 1898)
Conocephalus exemptus (Walker, 1869)
Conocephalus exitiosus (McNeill, 1901)
Conocephalus exsul (Karny, 1911)
Conocephalus fasciatus (De Geer, 1773)
Conocephalus flavus (Redtenbacher, 1891)
Conocephalus formosus (Redtenbacher, 1891)
Conocephalus fulmeki (Ebner, 1927)
Conocephalus fuscus (Fabricius, 1793): disputed synonym C. discolor (Thunberg, 1815) - long-winged Conehead
Conocephalus gigantius (Matsumura & Shiraki, 1908)
Conocephalus goianus Piza, 1977
Conocephalus gracilicercus Li & Shi, 2018
Conocephalus gracillimus Morse, 1901
Conocephalus guangdongensis Shi & Liang, 1997
Conocephalus hainanensis Shi & Wang, 2015
Conocephalus hastatus (Charpentier, 1825)
Conocephalus hilli Farooqi & Usmani, 2019
Conocephalus honorei (Bolívar, 1900)
Conocephalus hygrophilus Rehn & Hebard, 1915
Conocephalus ictus (Scudder, 1875)
Conocephalus inconspicuus (Karny, 1920)
Conocephalus infumatus (Redtenbacher, 1891)
Conocephalus insularis (Morse, 1905)
Conocephalus iriodes Rehn & Hebard, 1915
Conocephalus iris (Serville, 1838)
Conocephalus japonicus (Redtenbacher, 1891)
Conocephalus kisi Harz, 1967
Conocephalus kwasiphaiensis Nagar & Swaminathan, 2016
Conocephalus liangi Liu & Zhang, 2007
Conocephalus liebermanni Ebner, 1953
Conocephalus longipennis (Haan, 1843)
Conocephalus maculatus (Le Guillou, 1841)
Conocephalus magdalenae Naskrecki, 2000
Conocephalus meadowsae Harz, 1970
Conocephalus melaenus (Haan, 1843)
Conocephalus nanlingensis Li, Xin & Shi, 2019
Conocephalus nemoralis (Scudder, 1875)
Conocephalus nigropleuroides Fox, 1912
Conocephalus nigropleurum (Bruner, 1891)
Conocephalus occidentalis (Morse, 1901)
Conocephalus oceanicus (Le Guillou, 1841)
Conocephalus ochrotelus Rehn & Hebard, 1915
Conocephalus percaudatus Bey-Bienko, 1955
Conocephalus peringueyi Uvarov, 1928
Conocephalus pictus (Redtenbacher, 1891)
Conocephalus recticaudus Bruner, 1915
Conocephalus redtenbacheri (Bolívar, 1905)
Conocephalus rentzi Farooqi & Usmani, 2018
Conocephalus resacensis Rehn & Hebard, 1915
Conocephalus resinus (Saussure & Pictet, 1898)
Conocephalus rhodesianus (Péringuey, 1916)
Conocephalus saltator (Saussure, 1859)
Conocephalus semivittatus (Walker, 1869)
Conocephalus semraensis Farooqi & Usmani, 2021
Conocephalus shanghaiensis Zhou, Bi & Liu, 2010
Conocephalus signatus (Redtenbacher, 1891)
Conocephalus spartinae (Fox, 1912)
Conocephalus spinosus (Morse, 1901)
Conocephalus starmuehlneri Kaltenbach, 1968
Conocephalus strictus (Scudder, 1875)
Conocephalus trifasciatus (Redtenbacher, 1891)
Conocephalus trivittatus (Stål, 1861)
Conocephalus truncatus (Redtenbacher, 1891)
Conocephalus tumidus Pitkin, 1980
Conocephalus tumultuosus Willemse, 1942
Conocephalus unicolor Bruner, 1915
Conocephalus versicolor (Redtenbacher, 1891)
Conocephalus vestitus (Redtenbacher, 1891)
Conocephalus willemsei Pitkin, 1980
Conocephalus yunnanensis Shi & Feng, 2009
Conocephalus (Aphauropus)
- subgenus: Rehn & Hebard, 1915 (central America)
Conocephalus leptopterus Rehn & Hebard, 1915
Conocephalus (Chloroxiphidion)
- subgenus: Hebard, 1922 (Africa, Australasia: probably incomplete)
Conocephalus albescens (Walker, 1869)
Conocephalus bituberculatus (Redtenbacher, 1891)
Conocephalus dubius Willemse, 1942
Conocephalus javanicus (Redtenbacher, 1891)
Conocephalus laetus (Redtenbacher, 1891)
Conocephalus striata Willemse, 1942
Conocephalus upoluensis (Karny, 1907)
Conocephalus vaginatus Willemse, 1942
Conocephalus (Conocephalus)
- subgenus: Thunberg, 1815 (Worldwide)
Conocephalus bambusanus Ingrisch, 1990 (synonym C. abispinatus Hsia & Liu, 1990)
Conocephalus basutoanus Chopard, 1955
Conocephalus bispinatus Pitkin, 1980
Conocephalus brevivalvus (Shi, Wang & Fu, 2005)
Conocephalus brincki Chopard, 1955
Conocephalus conocephalus (Linnaeus, 1767)type species (as Gryllus conocephalus L.)
Conocephalus differentus Shi & Liang, 1997
Conocephalus emeiensis Shi & Zheng, 1999
Conocephalus lugubris (Redtenbacher, 1891)
Conocephalus obtectus Karny, 1907
Conocephalus saltans (Scudder, 1872)
Conocephalus somali (Burr, 1900)
Conocephalus sulcifrontis Xia & Liu, 1992
Conocephalus tridens Hebard, 1933
Conocephalus xiai Liu & Zhang, 2007
Conocephalus (Dicellurina)
- subgenus: Rehn & Hebard, 1938 (eastern USA)
Conocephalus allardi (Caudell, 1910)
Conocephalus (Megalotheca)
- subgenus: Karny, 1907 (southern Africa, Madagascar)
Conocephalus longiceps (Péringuey, 1916)
Conocephalus marcelloi Gorochov & Llorente del Moral, 2004
Conocephalus montana (Uvarov, 1928)
Conocephalus namibius Gorochov, 2009
Conocephalus nigrifrons (Chopard, 1952)
Conocephalus parvula (Péringuey, 1916)
Conocephalus phasma Gorochov & Llorente del Moral, 2004
Conocephalus vaginalis (Karny, 1907)
Conocephalus xiphidioides (Karny, 1907)
Conocephalus zlobini Gorochov, 2009
Conocephalus (Opeastylus)
- subgenus: Rehn & Hebard, 1915 (southern America)
Conocephalus longipes (Redtenbacher, 1891)
Conocephalus vitticollis (Blanchard, 1851)
Conocephalus (Perissacanthus)
- subgenus: Rehn & Hebard, 1915 (Paraguay)
Conocephalus strictoides (Caudell, 1906)
subgenus not assigned
Conocephalus aculeatus Piza, 1969
Conocephalus affinis Redtenbacher, 1891
Conocephalus goianus Piza, 1977
Conocephalus algerinorum Massa, 1999
Conocephalus cinereus Thunberg, 1815
Conocephalus differentus Shi & Liang, 1997
Conocephalus emeiensis Shi & Zheng, 1999
Conocephalus halophilus Ishikawa, 2004
Conocephalus melaenoides Sänger & Helfert, 1995
Conocephalus sojolensis Sänger & Helfert, 1995
Conocephalus spinosus (Morse, 1901)
Conocephalus stictomerus Rehn & Hebard, 1915
References
External links
Tettigoniidae genera