PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
Critique of Religious Thought (book)

Critique of Religious Thought (book)
Critique of Religious Thought is a book by the Syrian philosopher and thinker, Sadiq Jalal Al-Azm. It was published in its first edition in 1969 by Dar Al-Tali`a in Beirut, and then it was republished in dozens of editions. Upon its publication, the book caused (and still now) a sensation in the Arab and Islamic worlds. Because of it, Al-Azm was subjected to trial and legal prosecutions in Beirut at the time. This was done under the pretext of "stirring up sectarian, sectarian and racist strife" and "inciting conflict between the various sects of the nation or contempt of religions.
At the end of the second edition of his book, Al-Azm attached documents about his trial in Lebanon, including the indictment, the interrogation, and the court’s decision that dropped the charges brought against him, because what he wrote: “not a crime, but falls within the framework of freedom of thought, opinion and expression,” and includes “scientific research.” and includes scientific and philosophical criticism.
Trial
Al-Azm complied with the court's decision on December 19, 1969, under the pretext of “disdain for both the Christian and Islamic religions” in his book, denying that what he wrote was directed at religious beliefs, as much as religious thought was concerned with reason and not belief.
Al-Azm was released a week later, and he was tried on the 27th of the same month, and the ruling was issued dismissing the case on July 7, 1970.
And soon the case against Al-Azm was closed, at that time the Lebanese Minister of Interior, Kamal Jumblatt.
References
1969 books
Philosophy books
20th-century Arabic books
2002 US Open – Women's singles

2002 US Open – Women's singles
Serena Williams defeated the two-time defending champion, her sister Venus Williams, in a rematch of the previous year's final, 6–4, 6–3 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2002 US Open. It was her second US Open singles title, her fourth major singles title overall, the third component of her first "Serena Slam" (a non-calendar year Grand Slam and career Grand Slam), and her second consecutive major title won without losing a set.
This marked the final major appearance for four-time major champion and former world No. 1 Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, who lost to Marion Bartoli in the first round. It was also the first major appearance for future world No. 1 and three-time major finalist Dinara Safina, who lost in the second round to Serena Williams.
This US Open marked the final appearance of two-time champion Monica Seles, who lost to Venus Williams in the quarterfinals.
Seeds
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
Other entry information
Wild cards
Protected ranking
Qualifiers
Withdrawals
References
External links
2002 US Open – Women's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
2002 US Open (tennis)
US Open (tennis) by year – Women's singles
2002 in women's tennis
2002 in American women's sports
كيفن رولان

كيفن رولان هو متزحلق حر فرنسي، ولد في 10 أغسطس 1989 في بوغ سان موريس في فرنسا.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
حائزون على ميداليات في الألعاب الأولمبية الشتوية 2014
رياضيون من سافوا
فائزون بميداليات أولمبية في التزلج الحر
فرنسيون فازوا بالميدالية البرونزية الأولمبية
ممارسو تزلج حر أولمبيون في فرنسا
ممارسو تزلج حر ذكور فرنسيون
ممارسو تزلج حر في الألعاب الأولمبية الشتوية 2022
ممارسي التزلج الحر في الألعاب الأولمبية الشتوية 2014
ممارسي التزلج الحر في الألعاب الأولمبية الشتوية 2018
مواليد 1989
Charles Belcher (actor)

Charles Belcher (actor)
Charles Belcher (July 27, 1872 – December 10, 1943) was an American film actor. He appeared in 17 films between years 1919 and 1928.
He was born in San Francisco and died in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles.
Partial filmography
The Adventures of Ruth (1919)
The Mark of Zorro (1920) - Minor Role (uncredited)
The Three Musketeers (1921) - Bernajoux
The Woman He Married (1922) - Richard Steel
Rose o' the Sea (1922) - George Thornton
Blood and Sand (1922) - Don Joselito
Rosita (1923) - The Prime Minister
The Thief of Bagdad (1924) - The Holy Man
Fools in the Dark (1924) - Dr. Rand
Away in the Lead (1925)
Never Too Late (1925) - Arthur Greystone
Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ (1925) - Balthazar
The Black Pirate (1926) - Chief Passenger - Nobleman
Midnight Faces (1926) - Samuel Lund
Modern Youth (1926)
The Devil's Gulch (1926) - Max Crew
The King of Kings (1927) - Philip
A Thief in the Dark (1928) - Duke (final film role)
External links
1872 births
1943 deaths
American male film actors
20th-century American male actors
معادن الهاليدات

معادن الهاليدات هي واحدة من أصناف المعادن التي تتميز بأن أنيونات الهاليد (من الفلوريد −F و الكلوريد −Cl والبروميد −Br واليوديد −I) أو تشكيلات معقدة منها هي السائدة في التركيب الكيميائي للمعدن.
أمثلة
من الأمثلة على معادن الهاليدات، كل من:
أتاكاميت Cu2Cl(OH)3
أفوغادريت (K,Cs)BF
باراريت (ß)(NH4)2SiF6
بيشوفيت (MgCl2·6H2O)
كالوميل HgCl
كارناليت KMgCl3·6H2O
كلورارجيريت AgCl
برومارجيريت AgBr
يودارجيريت AgI
كريوليت Na3AlF6
فلوريت CaF2
هاليت NaCl
مارشيت CuI
ملح النشادر NH4Cl
سيلفيت KCl
فيوميت NaF
طالع أيضاً
معادن الكبريتيدات
مراجع
Yugoslavia women's national volleyball team

Yugoslavia women's national volleyball team
The Yugoslavia women's national volleyball team was the women's national volleyball team of Yugoslavia.
Results
Olympic Games
World Championship
European Championship
World Cup
1973-1991 - did not qualify
Mediterranean Games
1975 — 1st place
1979 — 2nd place
1983 — 3rd place
1987 — did not participate
1991 — did not participate
Notable squads
1951 European Championship
Štefanija Milošev, Nataša Luković, Gordana Tkačuk, Branka Popović, Desanka Končar, Danica Glumac, Liza Valentan, Anica Flis, Ančka Magušar, Tilka Završnik, coach: Branislav Marković
Notable former players
Nataša Luković
Štefanija Milošev
Milica Stojadinović (1955–1971)
Cvijeta Stakić
Nada Gašević
Gabrijela Hrvat - Jurkić
See also
Yugoslavia men's national volleyball team
Bosnia and Herzegovina women's national volleyball team
Croatia women's national volleyball team
Serbia women's national volleyball team
Slovenia women's national volleyball team
North Macedonia women's national volleyball team
Montenegro women's national volleyball team
References
National women's volleyball teams
Vol
Women
Jieshou

Jieshou is a county-level city under the administration of Fuyang City, located on the Huang-Huai Plain in northwestern Anhui province, People's Republic of China. Jieshou, an important commercial port and gateway, borders Henan Province on the west and the Ying River, a major tributary of the Huai River flows in a southeasterly direction across the county to Fuyang. According to the "China Statistical Yearbook" the population of Jieshou city stood at 109,103 in 2010, while GeoNames, puts the population at over 140,000 inhabitants. Covering a total area of 667 square kilometers, the county-level city comprises three urban sub-districts of Jieshou, and in the surrounding rural area a further 15 towns and townships make up the total population of 740,000.
History
During the Qing dynasty Jieshou was part of the Yingzhou Prefecture.
Administrative divisions
In the present, Jieshou City has3 sub-districts, 12 towns, and 3 townships.
Sub-District
Dongcheng
Xicheng
Yingnan
Town
Township
Bingji
Jinzhai
Renzhai
Climate
References
Cities in Anhui
Fuyang
Lars Cramer

Lars Cramer (born 25 May 1991) is a retired Norwegian footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
Career
Cramer spent the 2010 season with Asker on loan. He was also loaned out to Asker in the 2011 season and played 17 matches for the club in the First Division. Strømsgodset used their option to recall Cramer in August 2011, and he made his debut in Eliteserien against Odd Grenland on 2 October 2011, when Adam Larsen Kwarasey was benched by head coach Ronny Deila.
Cramer has represented Norway at youth level, and played two matches for the under-19 team in 2010, one match for the under-21 team in 2011 and one match for the Norway national under-23 football team|under-23 team in 2012.
Cramer retired from professional football when his contract with Aalesund ran out after the 2016-season, to focus on a medical degree at the University of Bergen. On September 6, 2017, however, he signed a short-term contract with SK Brann as they were in dire need of goalkeepers for the remainder of the 2017 season.
References
1991 births
Living people
Footballers from Drammen
Norwegian men's footballers
Norway men's under-21 international footballers
Norway men's youth international footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Strømsgodset Toppfotball players
Asker Fotball players
Kalmar FF players
Aalesunds FK players
SK Brann players
Norwegian First Division players
Allsvenskan players
Eliteserien players
Norwegian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Sweden
Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in Sweden
Loricrin

Loricrin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LOR gene.
Function
Loricrin is a major protein component of the cornified cell envelope found in terminally differentiated epidermal cells.
Loricrin is expressed in the granular layer of all keratinized epithelial cells of mammals tested including oral, esophageal and stomach mucosa of rodents, tracheal squamous metaplasia of vitamin A deficient hamster and estrogen induced squamous vaginal epithelium of rats.
Clinical significance
Mutations in the LOR gene are associated with Vohwinkel's syndrome and Camisa disease, both inherited skin diseases.
See also
List of cutaneous conditions caused by mutations in keratins
References
Further reading
Structural proteins
Cytoskeleton
Skin
بويبلا دي دون رودريغو

بويبلا دي دون رودريغو
بلدية بويبلا دي دون رودريغو ، هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة سيوداد ريال إحدى مقاطعات إسبانيا، والتي تقع في منطقة قشتالة لا منتشا وسط إسبانيا.
يبلغ عدد سكانها 1.281 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2007).
مراجع
أماكن مأهولة في ثيوداد ريال
بلديات سيوداد ريال
Mehdi Shiri

Mehdi Shiri (born 14 May 1978 in Shiraz, Iran) is an Iranian football midfielder who played for and managed Bargh Shiraz in 2013. His younger brother, Mojtaba is also a footballer who played for Pas Hamedan.
Club career
He was one of the most talented players for Bargh and moved to Esteghlal and was mostly used as a substitute and moved back a season after to Bargh. He moved to Saba and again moved back to Bargh a season after again. He moved to Persepolis in June 2009.
Club career statistics
Last updated 10 May 2013
Assist Goals
International career
Shiri has had only one appearance for Team Melli in the 2001 LG cup in Egypt when he came on as a substitute against Canada.
Honors
Club
Persepolis
Hazfi Cup
Winner: 2009–10, 2010–11
As a manager
Qashqai F.C.
Iran Football's 3rd Division Champion Group C: 2015–16, promotion to Second Division.
References
1978 births
Living people
Iranian men's footballers
Bargh Shiraz F.C. players
Persepolis F.C. players
Saba Qom F.C. players
Qashqai people
Esteghlal F.C. players
Persian Gulf Pro League players
Footballers from Shiraz
Men's association football midfielders
Iran men's international footballers
Justin Hocking (ice hockey)

Justin Hocking (ice hockey)
Justin Hocking (born January 9, 1974) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played one game in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Los Angeles Kings during the 1993–94 NHL season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1993 to 2002, was spent in the minor leagues.
Born in Stettler, Alberta, Hocking was selected in the second round (39th overall) in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft by the Los Angeles Kings.
Hocking also played in the International Hockey League, ECHL, American Hockey League and later in the British Ice Hockey Superleague.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
See also
List of players who played only one game in the NHL
External links
1974 births
Living people
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Fort Saskatchewan Traders players
Grand Rapids Griffins players
Ice hockey people from Alberta
Indianapolis Ice players
Knoxville Cherokees players
Los Angeles Kings draft picks
Los Angeles Kings players
Manchester Storm (1995–2002) players
Medicine Hat Tigers players
Phoenix Roadrunners (IHL) players
Portland Pirates players
Prince Edward Island Senators players
St. John's Maple Leafs players
Spokane Chiefs players
Springfield Falcons players
Syracuse Crunch players
Worcester IceCats players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in England
الكويكب 319378

الكويكب 319378، التعين المؤقت له الكويكب 2006DS138. وهو كويكب من كويكبات طروادة ينتمي إلى كويكبات معسكر طروادة. اكتشف هذا الكويكب في سنة 2006.
كباقي كويكبات معسكر طروادة يقع مداره في النقطة L5 من نقاط لاغرانج وفق نظام الشمس - المشتري. يبلغ القدر المطلق لهذا الكويكب 13.8 ونصف المحور الرئيسي لمداره 5.301 وحدة فلكية. وقد تم رصده 8 مرة حتى فبراير 2013. الإشارة المرجعية له وفق الملحق الدوري لمدارات الكويكبات هي MPO241781
المراجع
اكتشافات مشروع سبيس واتش
كويكبات معسكر طروادة
إكصورات

إكصورات
الإكصورات (الاسم العلمي:†Ichthyosauridae) هي من الزواحف المائية المنقرضة تتبع الإكصوريات.
الأجناس
الإكصور
مراجع
أصنوفات سماها شارل لوسيان بونابرت
انقراضات الطباشيري المبكر
إكصورات أوروبا
إكصورات الثلاثي المتأخر
إكصورات الجوراسي الأوسط
إكصورات الجوراسي المبكر
إكصورات الجوراسي المتأخر
إكصورات الطباشيري المبكر
زواحف الطباشيري الأوروبية
زواحف العصر الجوراسي في أوروبا
فصائل الزواحف ما قبل التاريخ
Haulage

Haulage is the business of transporting goods by road or rail between suppliers and large consumer outlets, factories, warehouses, or depots. This includes everything humans might wish to move in bulk – from vegetables and other foodstuffs, to clothes, ore, coal, and other supplies. Haulage also involves the transportation of chemicals in large sealed containers, and the removal of waste. As the word implies, goods are loaded into large trailers or carriages and hauled between different locations. Traditionally, this was by large animals such as horses or oxen – where the practice may also be called cartage or drayage. However, in the modern age, this act is mostly performed by trains or trucks – with large shipping vessels acting as intermediaries for crossing oceans. Truck drivers on haulage shifts are typically male, and often work long and difficult hours with few breaks – regularly sleeping in their vehicles overnight and eating/showering at rest stops. It is expected that Vehicular automation will largely render human drivers obsolete within a few decades.
Haulage is also known as 'horizontal transport'. This contrasts with 'vertical transport' of the same such materials with cranes, known as hoisting.
Cost
Haulage fees, sometimes also simply called haulage, include the charges made for hauling freight on carts, drays, lorries, or trucks, and is incorporated for example in the cost of loading raw ore at a mine site and transporting it to a processing plant. A railway, supplying cars, may negotiate rates with customers located on another railway's line, the road granting haulage rights. This differs from trackage rights in that the host railway operates the trains for the other railway, where with trackage rights, the secondary railway operates trains over the host's tracking.
See also
Freight
Hauling (film), a Brazilian documentary on recyclers in São Paulo
Hauling-out
Haul road
Haul truck
Heavy hauler
Logistics
Trackage rights
References
Blaszak, Michael W. "ABC's of Railroading: Trackage and Haulage Rights," Trains, 1 May 2006, accessed 30 August 2011.
Freight transport
سعود الحريجي

سعود الحريجي
سعود نشمي عواد معلج الحريجي، من مواليد عام 1962، نائب سابق في مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2013.
نبذة مختصرة
وُلد سعود الحريجي في الكويت، وهو من مواليد عام 1962، وحاصل على شهادة جامعية ويشغل منصب مدير مُساعد في إدارة الدراسات الإسلامية وهو عضو في اتحاد الحرفيين، شارك لأول مرة في انتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي ديسمبر 2012 وفاز بالعضوية في مجلس الأمة المُبطل بحكم المحكمة الدستورية، ثم شارك في انتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2013 وحصل علي المركز الثالث بعدد أصوات 2,459 وفاز بالانتخابات.
مواقفه في مجلس الأمة
مجلس الأمة ديسمبر 2012
مجلس الأمة 2013
مراجع
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أعضاء مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2013
أعضاء مجلس الأمة الكويتي ديسمبر 2012
مواليد 1962
United Nations Security Council Resolution 2001

United Nations Security Council Resolution 2001, adopted unanimously on July 28, 2011, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in Iraq, including resolutions 1500 (2003), 1546 (2004), 1557 (2004), 1619 (2005), 1700 (2006), 1770 (2007), 1830 (2008), 1883 (2009) and 1936 (2010), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI) for a further period of 1 year.
The resolution was drafted by the United States.
Resolution
Observations
In the preamble of the resolution, the Security Council emphasised the importance of stability and security of Iraq and its people, the region and international community. The Iraqi government was urged to continue to strengthen democracy and the rule of law and improvements in the security situation in the country were welcomed, though the Council noted that challenges remained. It underlined the need for an inclusive political process and the role of the United Nations.
Greater efforts were urged with regard to promoting the human rights and humanitarian issues of the Iraqi people. The Council reaffirmed that all parties should take steps to protect civilians and create conditions for the return of refugees and internally displaced persons.
The preamble concluded by welcoming progress made towards Iraq achieving an international standing to that prior to the adoption of Resolution 661 (1990), further calling on Iraq to continue dialogue with Kuwait to resolve issues from previously issued Chapter VII resolutions.
Acts
The mandate of UNAMI and the Special Representative was extended for one year and would be reviewed at the end of that period or sooner if requested to do so by the Iraqi government. The security of UNAMI personnel was emphasised in order for the operation to carry out its work and the Iraqi government and other countries were called upon to provide support to the United Nations in the country. The Council appreciated the efforts of countries that had provided financial, logistical, and security resources to UNAMI.
Finally, Resolution 2001 concluded by requesting the Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon to report every four months on progress made by UNAMI in fulfilling its responsibilities.
See also
Iraq War
List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 2001 to 2100 (2011 – present)
Post-invasion Iraq
References
External links
Text of the Resolution at undocs.org
2001
2001
2011 in Iraq
July 2011 events
منتخب كوريا لهوكي الجليد للسيدات

منتخب كوريا لهوكي الجليد للسيدات هو ممثل كوريا الجنوبية الرسمي في المنافسات الدولية في هوكي الجليد للسيدات.
تشكيلة المنتخب
قائمة اللاعبين
مراجع
الرياضة النسوية في كوريا
تأسيسات سنة 2018 في كوريا الجنوبية
منتخبات رياضية وطنية
منتخبات هوكي جليد وطنية في آسيا
هوكي الجليد في كوريا الجنوبية
هوكي الجليد في كوريا الشمالية
كيلي كريستينا بيريرا دا سيلفا

كيلي كريستينا بيريرا دا سيلفا هي لاعبة كرة قدم برازيلية، ولدت في 8 مايو 1985 في ساو غونسالو في البرازيل. شاركت مع منتخب البرازيل لكرة القدم للسيدات.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
برازيليون فازوا بالميدالية الفضية الأولمبية
حائزون على ميداليات في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2004
حاصلون على ميداليات أولمبية في كرة القدم
فائزون بميداليات ذهبية في دورة الألعاب الأمريكية من البرازيل
فائزون بميداليات في دورة الألعاب الأمريكية 2003
فائزون بميداليات في دورة الألعاب الأمريكية في كرة القدم
لاعبات كأس العالم للسيدات 2003
لاعبات كرة قدم برازيليات
لاعبات منتخب البرازيل لكرة القدم للنساء
لاعبو كرة قدم برازيليون
لاعبو كرة قدم برازيليون أولمبيون
لاعبو كرة قدم في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2004
لاعبو كرة قدم في دورة الألعاب الأمريكية 2003
منافسون في دورة الألعاب الأمريكية من البرازيل
مهاجمات كرة قدم نسائية
مواليد 1985
Maurício Cortés

Maurício Cortés Armero (born 9 February 1997) is a Colombian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Liga 2 Comerciantes FC.
Club career
Born in Tumaco, Cortés is a product of the football clubs Deportivo Cali, Alianza Deportiva, Club La Mazzia and Selección Valle. After that he had a trial with a Spanish Córdoba CF, but returned to his native Colombia and signed a contract with Independiente Medellín.
In January 2018 Cortés moved to Ukraine, signing a deal with Ukrainian Premier League side FC Karpaty Lviv.
References
External links
1997 births
Living people
Footballers from Tumaco
Colombian men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Deportivo Cali footballers
La Equidad footballers
Independiente Medellín footballers
FC Karpaty Lviv players
Jaguares de Córdoba footballers
Deportes Quindío footballers
Cúcuta Deportivo footballers
Ukrainian Premier League players
Categoría Primera A players
Categoría Primera B players
Peruvian Segunda División players
Colombian expatriate men's footballers
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Ukraine
Expatriate men's footballers in Ukraine
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Peru
Expatriate men's footballers in Peru
مله (سقز)

مله (سقز)
قرية مله (بالكردية: ملە) هي إحدى القرى التابعة لـخورخوره في ريف قسم زيويه من مقاطعة سقز، في محافظة كردستان الإيرانية.
السكان
حسب إحصاءات سنة 2006، بلغ إجمالي السكان في مله 252 نسمة وعدد المساكن 46 مسكن. لغة سكان مله هي اللغة الكردية و هم من أهل السنة والجماعة والمذهب الشافعي.
انظر أيضاً
قسم زيويه
مقاطعة سقز
محافظة كردستان
مراجع
أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة سقز
قرى مقاطعة سقز
بلدات وقرى في مقاطعة سقز
لي إيفريت

لي إيفريت
{{صندوق معلومات شخصية خيالية
| الاسم = لي إيفريت
| السلسلة = ذا واكينغ ديد
| صورة =
| أول = ذا واكينغ ديد
| تأليف = شون فانمان
| الصوت = ديف فينوي
| الجنس = رجل
| المهنة = بروفيسور
| الجنسية = أمريكي
}} لي إيفريت''' ، هي شخصية خيالية وبطل الموسم الأول من سلسلة ألعاب ذا واكنيغ ديد من تلتيل غيمز.
قصة
وقع حادث أثناء نقل لي إلى السجن بعد قتله أحد الأشخاص بعد اصطدام سيارة الشرطي بأحد الأشخاص انقلبت السيارة و اغمي عليه و اصيب في رجله، وبعد ان استيقظ تفاجئ بتحول الشرطي إلى زومبي و قام بقتله ثم مشى حتى وجد بيتًا ثم ساعدته فتاة صغيرة في قتل مربية تحولت إلي زومبي بعدها رافق الفتاة من اجل حمايتها طول القصة حتى الموسم الٱخير الذي خُطفت فيه وأثناء بحثه عنها تلقى عضة من أحد الأموات و بدأ يفقد الوعي اشتد المرض به وفي النهاية يموت.
مراجع
أبطال ألعاب فيديو
أساتذة خياليون
أمريكيون أفارقة خياليون
أمريكيون خياليون من أصل إفريقي ألعاب فيديو
شخصيات ألعاب فيديو ذكور
شخصيات أمريكية في ألعاب الفيديو
شخصيات خيالية من ولاية جورجيا
قتلة خياليون
مجرمون خياليون ألعاب فيديو
Franz Josef Ruprecht

Franz Josef Ruprecht (1 November 1814 – 4 April 1870) was an Austrian-born physician and botanist active in the Russian Empire, where he was known as Frants Ivanovič Ruprekht.
He was born in Freiburg im Breisgau, and grew up in Prague, where he studied, and graduated as Doctor of Medicine in 1836. After a short stint in medical practice in Prague, he was appointed curator of the herbarium of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg in 1839, then assistant director of the Saint Petersburg Botanical Garden between 1851 and 1855, and professor of botany in 1855 at the University of Saint Petersburg. He died in Saint Petersburg in 1870.
He described many new plants collected in the Russian Far East, including Alaska, then under Russian rule; examples include Adiantum aleuticum, Lonicera maackii, and Phellodendron amurense.
The genus Ruprechtia is named after him.
Publications
Ruprecht, F. J. Symbolae ad historiam et geographiam plantarum Rossicarum, St. Petersburg in 1846
Ruprecht, F. J. Flora Caucasi, P. 1. St. Pétersbourg 1869
Postels, A., Ruprecht, F.J. Illustrationes algarum, Weinheim, J. Cramer 1963
Ruprecht, F. J. Flora ingrica (flora of the Leningrad region).
References
Extensive biography on Allg. Deutsche Biographie
Fedotova A.A. The Origins of the Russian Chernozem Soil (Black Earth): Franz Joseph Ruprecht's ‘Geo-Botanical Researches into the Chernozem’ of 1866]], Environment and History, 16 (2010): 271–293
19th-century Austrian botanists
19th-century botanists from the Russian Empire
1814 births
1870 deaths
Demidov Prize laureates
Full members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
Academic staff of Saint Petersburg State University
Scientists from Prague
Emigrants from the Austrian Empire to the Russian Empire
German Bohemian people
Physicians from Prague