List of National Medal of Science laureates

List of National Medal of Science laureates
The National Medal of Science is an honor bestowed by the President of the United States to individuals in science and engineering who have made important contributions to the advancement of knowledge in the following six fields: behavioral and social sciences, biology, chemistry, engineering, mathematics and physical sciences. The Committee on the National Medal of Science under the National Science Foundation (NSF) is responsible for recommending medal candidates to the President.
Behavioral and Social Science
1964—Neal Elgar Miller
1986—Herbert A. Simon
1987—Anne Anastasi, George J. Stigler
1988—Milton Friedman
1990—Leonid Hurwicz, Patrick Suppes
1991—George A. Miller
1992—Eleanor J. Gibson
1994—Robert K. Merton
1995—Roger N. Shepard
1996—Paul A. Samuelson
1997—William K. Estes
1998—William Julius Wilson
1999—Robert M. Solow
2000—Gary S. Becker
2003—R. Duncan Luce
2004—Kenneth J. Arrow
2005—Gordon H. Bower
2008—Michael I. Posner
2009—Mortimer Mishkin
2011—Anne Treisman
2012—Robert Axelrod
2014—Albert Bandura
Biological Sciences
1963—Cornelius Van Niel
1964—Theodosius Dobzhansky, Marshall W. Nirenberg
1965—Francis Peyton Rous, George G. Simpson, Donald D. Van Slyke
1966—Edward F. Knipling, Fritz Albert Lipmann, William C. Rose, Sewall Wright
1967—Kenneth S. Cole, Harry F. Harlow, Michael Heidelberger, Alfred Sturtevant
1968—Horace Barker, Bernard B. Brodie, Detlev W. Bronk, Jay Lush, Burrhus Frederic Skinner
1969—Robert J. Huebner, Ernst Mayr
1970—Barbara McClintock, Albert Sabin
1973—Daniel I. Arnon, Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.
1974—Britton Chance, Erwin Chargaff, James V. Neel, James Augustine Shannon
1975—Hallowell Davis, Paul Gyorgy, Sterling B. Hendricks, Orville Vogel
1976—Roger C.L. Guillemin, Keith Roberts Porter, Efraim Racker, Edward O. Wilson
1979—Robert H. Burris, Elizabeth C. Crosby, Arthur Kornberg, Severo Ochoa, Earl Reece Stadtman, G. Ledyard Stebbins, Paul A. Weiss
1981—Philip Handler
1982—Seymour Benzer, Glenn W. Burton, Mildred Cohn
1983—Howard Bachrach, Paul Berg, Wendell L. Roelofs, Berta Scharrer
1986—Stanley Cohen, Donald Henderson, Vernon Mountcastle, George Emil Palade, Joan A. Steitz
1987—Michael E. Debakey, Theodor O. Diener, Harry Eagle, Har Gobind Khorana, Rita Levi-Montalcini
1988—Michael S. Brown, Stanley N. Cohen, Joseph L. Goldstein, Maurice Hilleman, Eric R. Kandel, Rosalyn S. Yalow
1989—Katherine Esau, Viktor Hamburger, Philip Leder, Joshua Lederberg, Roger W. Sperry, Harland G. Wood
1990—Baruj Benacerraf, Herbert W. Boyer, Daniel E. Koshland, Jr., Edward B. Lewis, David G. Nathan, E. Donnall Thomas
1991—Mary Ellen Avery, G. Evelyn Hutchinson, Elvin A. Kabat, Robert W. Kates, Salvador E. Luria, Paul A. Marks, Folke K Skoog, Paul C. Zamecnik
1992—Maxine Singer, Howard M. Temin
1993—Daniel Nathans, Salome G. Waelsch
1994—Thomas Eisner, Elizabeth F. Neufeld
1995—Alexander Rich
1996—Ruth Patrick
1997—James D. Watson, Robert A. Weinberg
1998—Bruce Ames, Janet Rowley
1999—David Baltimore, Jared Diamond, Lynn Margulis
2000—Nancy C. Andreasen, Peter H. Raven, Carl Woese
2001—Francisco J. Ayala, George F. Bass, Mario R. Capecchi, Ann Graybiel, Gene E. Likens, Victor A. McKusick, Harold Varmus
2002—James E. Darnell, Evelyn M. Witkin
2003—J. Michael Bishop, Solomon H. Snyder, Charles Yanofsky
2004—Norman E. Borlaug, Phillip A. Sharp, Thomas Starzl
2005—Anthony Fauci, Torsten N. Wiesel
2006—Rita R. Colwell, Nina Fedoroff, Lubert Stryer
2007—Robert J. Lefkowitz, Bert W. O'Malley
2008—Francis S. Collins, Elaine Fuchs, Craig Venter
2009—Susan L. Lindquist, Stanley B. Prusiner
2010—Ralph L. Brinster, Rudolf Jaenisch
2011—Lucy Shapiro, Leroy Hood, Sallie Chisholm
2012—May Berenbaum, Bruce Alberts
2013—Rakesh K. Jain
2014—Stanley Falkow, Mary-Claire King, Simon Levin
Chemistry
1964—Roger Adams
1982—F. Albert Cotton, Gilbert Stork
1983—Roald Hoffmann, George C. Pimentel, Richard N. Zare
1986—Harry Gray, Yuan Tseh Lee, Carl S. Marvel, Frank H. Westheimer
1987—William Summer Johnson, Walter H. Stockmayer, Max Tishler
1988—William O. Baker, Konrad E. Bloch, Elias J. Corey
1989—Richard B. Bernstein, Melvin Calvin, Rudolph Marcus, Harden M. McConnell
1990—Elkan Blout, Karl Folkers, John D. Roberts
1991—Ronald Breslow, Gertrude B. Elion, Dudley R. Herschbach, Glenn T. Seaborg
1992—Howard E. Simmons, Jr.
1993—Donald J. Cram, Norman Hackerman
1994—George S. Hammond
1995—Thomas Cech, Isabella L. Karle
1996—Norman Davidson
1997—Darleane C. Hoffman, Harold S. Johnston
1998—John W. Cahn, George M. Whitesides
1999—Stuart A. Rice, John Ross, Susan Solomon
2000—John D. Baldeschwieler, Ralph F. Hirschmann
2001—Ernest R. Davidson, Gabor A. Somorjai
2002—John I. Brauman
2004—Stephen J. Lippard
2005—Tobin J. Marks
2006—Marvin H. Caruthers, Peter Dervan
2007—Mostafa El-Sayed
2008—Joanna S. Fowler, JoAnne Stubbe
2009—Stephen J. Benkovic, Marye Anne Fox
2010—Jacqueline K. Barton, Peter J. Stang
2011—Allen J. Bard, M. Frederick Hawthorne
2012—Judith P. Klinman, Jerrold Meinwald
2013—Geraldine Richmond
2014—A. Paul Alivisatos
Engineering Sciences
1962—Theodore von Kármán
1963—Vannevar Bush, John Robinson Pierce
1964—Othmar H. Ammann, Charles S. Draper
1965—Hugh L. Dryden, Clarence L. Johnson, Warren K. Lewis
1966—Claude E. Shannon
1967—Edwin H. Land, Igor I. Sikorsky
1968—J. Presper Eckert, Nathan M. Newmark
1969—Jack St. Clair Kilby
1970—George E. Mueller
1973—Harold E. Edgerton, Richard T. Whitcomb
1974—Rudolf Kompfner, Ralph Brazelton Peck, Abel Wolman
1975—Manson Benedict, William Hayward Pickering, Frederick E. Terman, Wernher Von Braun
1976—Morris Cohen, Peter C. Goldmark, Erwin Wilhelm Müller
1979—Emmett N. Leith, Raymond D. Mindlin, Robert N. Noyce, Earl R. Parker, Simon Ramo
1982—Edward H. Heinemann, Donald L. Katz
1983—William R. Hewlett, George M. Low, John G. Trump
1986—Hans Wolfgang Liepmann, T. Y. Lin, Bernard M. Oliver
1987—Robert B. Bird, H. Bolton Seed, Ernst Weber
1988—Daniel C. Drucker, Willis M. Hawkins, George W. Housner
1989—Harry George Drickamer, Herbert E. Grier
1990—Mildred S. Dresselhaus, Nick Holonyak, Jr.
1991—George Heilmeier, Luna B. Leopold, H. Guyford Stever
1992—Calvin F. Quate, John Roy Whinnery
1993—Alfred Y. Cho
1994—Ray W. Clough
1995—Hermann A. Haus
1996—James L. Flanagan, C. Kumar N. Patel
1998—Eli Ruckenstein
1999—Kenneth N. Stevens
2000—Yuan-Cheng B. Fung
2001—Andreas Acrivos
2002—Leo Beranek
2003—John Prausnitz
2004—Edwin N. Lightfoot
2005—Jan D. Achenbach
2006—Robert S. Langer
2007—David Wineland
2008—Rudolf E. Kálmán
2009—Amnon Yariv
2010—Shu Chien
2011—John Goodenough
2012—Thomas Kailath
Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences
1963—Norbert Wiener
1964—Solomon Lefschetz, H. Marston Morse
1965—Oscar Zariski
1966—John Milnor
1967—Paul Cohen
1968—Jerzy Neyman
1969—William Feller
1970—Richard Brauer
1973—John Tukey
1974—Kurt Gödel
1975—John W. Backus, Shiing-Shen Chern, George B. Dantzig
1976—Kurt Otto Friedrichs, Hassler Whitney
1979—Joseph L. Doob, Donald E. Knuth
1982—Marshall Harvey Stone
1983—Herman Goldstine, Isadore Singer
1986—Peter Lax, Antoni Zygmund
1987—Raoul Bott, Michael Freedman
1988—Ralph E. Gomory, Joseph B. Keller
1989—Samuel Karlin, Saunders Mac Lane, Donald C. Spencer
1990—George F. Carrier, Stephen Cole Kleene, John McCarthy
1991—Alberto Calderón
1992—Allen Newell
1993—Martin Kruskal
1994—John Cocke
1995—Louis Nirenberg
1996—Richard M. Karp, Stephen Smale
1997—Shing-Tung Yau
1998—Cathleen Synge Morawetz
1999—Felix Browder, Ronald R. Coifman
2000—John Griggs Thompson, Karen K. Uhlenbeck
2001—Calyampudi R. Rao, Elias M. Stein
2002—James G. Glimm
2003—Carl R. de Boor
2004—Dennis P. Sullivan
2005—Bradley Efron
2006—Hyman Bass
2007—Leonard Kleinrock, Andrew J. Viterbi
2009—David B. Mumford
2010—Richard A. Tapia, Srinivasa S.R. Varadhan
2011—Solomon Golomb, Barry Mazur
2012—Alexandre Chorin, posthumous David Blackwell
2013—Michael Artin
Physical Sciences
1963—Luis W. Alvarez
1964—Julian Schwinger, Harold Clayton Urey, Robert Burns Woodward
1965—John Bardeen, Peter Debye, Leon M. Lederman, William Rubey
1966—Jacob Bjerknes, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Henry Eyring, John H. Van Vleck, Vladimir K. Zworykin
1967—Jesse Beams, Francis Birch, Gregory Breit, Louis Hammett, George Kistiakowsky
1968—Paul Doughty Bartlett, Herbert Friedman, Lars Onsager, Eugene Wigner
1969—Herbert C. Brown, Wolfgang Panofsky
1970—Robert H. Dicke, Allan R. Sandage, John C. Slater, John A. Wheeler, Saul Winstein
1973—Carl Djerassi, Maurice Ewing, Arie Jan Haagen-Smit, Vladimir Haensel, Frederick Seitz, Robert Rathbun Wilson
1974—Nicolaas Bloembergen, Paul Flory, William Alfred Fowler, Linus Carl Pauling, Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer
1975—Hans A. Bethe, Joseph O. Hirschfelder, Lewis Sarett, E. Bright Wilson, Chien-Shiung Wu
1976—Samuel Goudsmit, Herbert S. Gutowsky, Frederick Rossini, Verner Suomi, Henry Taube, George Uhlenbeck
1979—Richard P. Feynman, Herman Mark, Edward M. Purcell, John Sinfelt, Lyman Spitzer, Victor F. Weisskopf
1982—Philip W. Anderson, Yoichiro Nambu, Edward Teller, Charles H. Townes
1983—E. Margaret Burbidge, Maurice Goldhaber, Helmut Landsberg, Walter Munk, Frederick Reines, Bruno B. Rossi, J. Robert Schrieffer
1986—Solomon J. Buchsbaum, Horace R. Crane, Herman Feshbach, Robert Hofstadter, Chen Ning Yang
1987—Philip Abelson, Walter Elsasser, Paul C. Lauterbur, George Pake, James A. Van Allen
1988—D. Allan Bromley, Paul (Ching-Wu) Chu, Walter Kohn, Norman F. Ramsey, Jack Steinberger
1989—Arnold O. Beckman, Eugene Parker, Robert P. Sharp, Henry Stommel
1990—Allan M. Cormack, Edwin M. McMillan, Robert Pound, Roger Revelle
1991—Arthur L. Schawlow, Ed Stone, Steven Weinberg
1992—Eugene M. Shoemaker
1993—Val Fitch, Vera Rubin
1994—Albert Overhauser, Frank Press
1995—Hans Dehmelt, Peter Goldreich
1996—Wallace S. Broecker
1997—Marshall Rosenbluth, Martin Schwarzschild, George Wetherill
1998—Don L. Anderson, John N. Bahcall
1999—James Cronin, Leo Kadanoff
2000—Willis E. Lamb, Jeremiah P. Ostriker, Gilbert F. White
2001—Marvin L. Cohen, Raymond Davis Jr., Charles Keeling
2002—Richard Garwin, W. Jason Morgan, Edward Witten
2003—G. Brent Dalrymple, Riccardo Giacconi
2004—Robert N. Clayton
2005—Ralph A. Alpher, Lonnie Thompson
2006—Daniel Kleppner
2007—Fay Ajzenberg-Selove, Charles P. Slichter
2008—Berni Alder, James E. Gunn
2009—Yakir Aharonov, Esther M. Conwell, Warren M. Washington
2011—Sidney Drell, Sandra Faber, Sylvester James Gates
2012—Burton Richter, Sean C. Solomon
2014—Shirley Ann Jackson
Lacking discipline information
Information about the scientific discipline of a recipient can typically be found Recipients List maintained by the National Science Foundation. The following 2023 recipients have not yet been added to this list.
2023—Huda Akil
2023—Barry C. Barish
2023—Gebisa Ejeta
2023—Eve E. Marder
2023—Gregory A. Petsko
2023—Myriam Sarachik
2023—Subra Suresh
2023—Shelley E. Taylor
2023—Sheldon Weinbaum
References
Citations
Sources
National Medal of Science - Recipient Search
National Medal of Science (1962–2014) - List of all recipients, in alphabetical order
National Medal of Science (1962–2014) - List of all recipients, in chronological order
National Medals 2014
National Medals 2015
National Medals 2016
National Medal of Science