PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
تنجيم زراعي

تنجيم زراعي
التنجيم الزراعي هو نوع من التنجيم الانتقائي الذي يستخدم كدليل لبدء غرس المحاصيل وزراعتها وحصدها اعتمادًا على أدوار القمر والأبراج الفلكية وغالبًا ما يشار إلى التنجيم الزراعي باسم «الغرس حسب الأبراج» نظرًا لاعتماده على الأبراج الفلكية التي تُعتبر علامة لبدء الغرس والزراعة والحصاد.
ويعرض الكتاب المرجعي تقويم الفلاحين القدامى (Old Farmer's Almanac) بشكل منتظم القسم الخاص بالحديث عن «الغرس حسب الأبراج».
معلومات تاريخية
يعتبر التنجيم الزراعي واحدًا من أقدم أشكال التنجيم. وربما كان أول استخدام لهذا العلم اعتمد البشر من خلاله على مراقبة أدوار القمر. ويرجع دليل استخدام هذه الممارسة إلى آلاف السنوات إلى الشعوب القديمة المتواجدة في وديان الأنهار عند النيل والفرات. وقد كان المزارعون من هذه الحضارات يقومون بالغرس اعتمادًا على دور القمر وعلامة الأبراج الخاصة به. ومع ذلك، لم يتوفر دليل علمي يثبت الآثار المفيدة للبستنة التي تتم باستخدام الطرق التنجيمية. وقد تم إجراء بعض الدراسات بخصوص هذا النوع من التنجيم ولكن «لم يبت العلم الحديث في ذلك بالإثبات أو النفي القاطع».
استخدامات أخرى
على الرغم من استخدام التنجيم الزراعي في المقام الأول كدليل يُهتدى به لزراعة المحاصيل، إلا أنه يطبق كذلك على تربية الحيوانات. فعلى سبيل المثال، يشجع التنجيم الزراعي مربي الدواجن على تجهيز بيض الدجاج للفقس عندما يكون القمر في طور المحاق وعندما يحمل علامة «إخصاب»؛ حيث يزعم أن الفراخ التي تفقس خلال هذا الوقت تنمو بشكل أسرع وتنتج مزيدًا من الفراخ.
ملاحظات
المصادر
المراجع
Nick Kollerstrom's Gardening and Planting by the Moon (an annual series beginning 1980)
Marcella Shaffer (2001), Planning & Planting a Moon Garden, Storey Publishing; ISBN 1-60342-352-4
Gloria Star (2001), Llewellyn's Moon Sign Book: And Gardening Almanac, Llewellyn Publications; ISBN 0-7387-0031-2
Lyn Bagnall (2012), Easy Organic Gardening and Moon Planting, Scribe Publications; ISBN 1-921844-78-7
وصلات خارجية
Lunar Gardening & Biodynamics
Moon Calendar - Koanga Institute
Guide to planting by the moon
التنجيم حسب النوع
بستنة عضوية
زراعة
كيفن مارشال

كيفن مارشال هو لاعب هوكي الجليد كندي، ولد في 10 مارس 1989 في بوشيفيل في كندا.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أشخاص من بوشيفيل (كيبك)
أعلام هوكي جليد من كيبك
كوبيكيون إنجليزيو لغة الأم
لاعبو تورنتو مارليس
لاعبو فيلادلفيا فلايرز
لاعبو هوكي جليد كنديون مغتربون في ألمانيا
لاعبو هوكي جليد كنديون مغتربون في السويد
لاعبو هيرشي بيرز
مدافعو هوكي جليد كنديون
مواليد 1989
الأجوبة الفاخرة عن الأسئلة الفاجرة (كتاب)

الأجوبة الفاخرة عن الأسئلة الفاجرة (كتاب)
كتاب لشهاب الدين القرافي في علم مقارنة الأديان يرد فيه المصنف على رسالة أنشأها بعض المسيحيين مشتملة على الاحتجاج بالقرآن على صحة مذهبهم .
وقد قسم المصنف رده في هذا الكتاب إلى أربعة أبواب : الأول في بيان ما التبس عليه من القرآن الكريم متتبعا في ذلك رسالته حرفا بحرف والثاني في أسئلة أخرى يكثر صدورها من أهل الكتاب والجواب عليها، والثالث في معارضة أسئلتهم بمائة سؤال أوردها المصنف على اليهود والمسيحيين معا يتعذر عليهم الجواب عنها، والرابع في إبداء ما في كتبهم مما يدل على صحة مذهب المسلمين
طبع في دار الكتب العلمية بيروت، وفي دار عالم الكتب بيروت بتحقيق محمد مجدي الشهاوي، وطبعة بتحقيق الدكتور بكر زكي عوض الطبعة الثانية سنة 1407 هـ .
مراجع
كتب أهل السنة والجماعة في العقيدة
كتب تنتقد المسيحية
كتب شهاب الدين القرافي
كتب مقارنة أديان
مقارنة الأديان
فورمان (توضيح)

فورمان (توضيح)
قد يقصد من «فورمان» :
شون شيلدون

شون شيلدون هو مصارع هاوي أمريكي، ولد في 18 نوفمبر 1964 في نورويتش في الولايات المتحدة.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون من نورويتش (كونيتيكت)
فائزون بميداليات برونزية في دورة الألعاب الأمريكية من الولايات المتحدة
فائزون بميداليات بطولة العالم للمصارعة
فائزون بميداليات فضية في دورة الألعاب الأمريكية من الولايات المتحدة
فائزون بميداليات في دورة الألعاب الأمريكية 1991
فائزون بميداليات في دورة الألعاب الأمريكية 1995
فائزون بميداليات في دورة الألعاب الأمريكية في المصارعة
مصارعون أولمبيون من الولايات المتحدة
مصارعون رياضيون أمريكيون
مصارعون في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1988
مصارعون في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1992
مصارعون في دورة الألعاب الأمريكية 1987
مصارعون في دورة الألعاب الأمريكية 1991
مصارعون في دورة الألعاب الأمريكية 1995
مواليد 1964
إريك مايلز ويليامسون

إريك مايلز ويليامسون (20 يونيو 1961، ساكرامنتو في الولايات المتحدة)؛ روائي أمريكي.
المصادر
روائيون أمريكيون
روائيون أمريكيون في القرن 20
روائيون أمريكيون في القرن 21
كتاب أمريكيون في القرن 20
كتاب أمريكيون في القرن 21
كتاب من كاليفورنيا
مواليد 1961
سيهيم - يوجينهايم

سيهيم - يوجينهايم هي بلدية في درمشتات -دايبرغ في مقاطعة هيس بألمانيا. يبلغ تعداد السكان حوالي 17,000.
توأمة
لسيهيم - يوجينهايم اتفاقيات توأمة مع كل من:
فيلناف دورنون
أعلام
أرنولد إريك بيرغر
يورغن والتر
جورج غوتليب شميدت
روبن بينزينج
سباستيان روده
مراجع
بلديات هسن
مجتمعات يهودية تاريخية
منطقة دارمشتات ديبورغ
Ken Bowman

Ken Bowman
Kenneth Brian Bowman (born December 15, 1942) is an American former professional football player. He played center in the National Football League (NFL) for ten seasons, all with the Green Bay Packers. In his fourth NFL season in 1967, Bowman was the center during the winning play of the Ice Bowl in which Bart Starr scored the winning touchdown on a quarterback sneak in the final seconds for a third consecutive NFL title.
Born and raised in Illinois, Bowman played college football at the University of Wisconsin in Madison. During his junior year in 1962, the Badgers were Big Ten Conference champions and played USC in the Bowman was selected by the Packers in the eighth round of the 1964 NFL Draft and succeeded hall of famer Jim Ringo at center for the Packers as a rookie in 1964.
After his rookie season, Bowman attended law school part-time and earned a J.D. degree from the University of Wisconsin During the 1974 players' strike, Bowman was the NFL players' union representative for and was picketing the first preseason scrimmage against the Chicago Bears at Lambeau Field Along with a number of teammates, he and was placed on injured reserve with a phantom back injury and sat out the 1974 season. Bowman ended his 11-year professional career in 1975 in Honolulu with The Hawaiians of the struggling World Football League, which folded on
After football
Bowman returned to Wisconsin in 1975 and practiced law. He and his wife moved to Arizona in 1994 and in semi-retirement he served as a special magistrate for the City of Tucson, Town of Oro Valley, and Town of Marana. He also serves on the Board of Regents of Concordia University Wisconsin.
References
External links
1942 births
Living people
People from Milan, Illinois
Players of American football from Illinois
American football offensive linemen
Wisconsin Badgers football players
Green Bay Packers players
Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame
إنتاجية زراعية

إنتاجية زراعية
تقاس الإنتاجية الزراعية على أنها نسبة المخرجات إلى المدخلات الزراعية، في حين أن المنتجات الفردية تقاس عادة بالوزن، فإن كثافتها المتباينة تجعل قياس الناتج الزراعي الكلي صعباً. لذلك، عادة ما يتم قياس الناتج باعنباره القيمة السوقية للمنتج النهائي، والذي يستثني المنتجات الوسيطة مثل العلف في تربية المواشي لإنتاج اللحوم.
يمكن مقارنة قيمة الإنتاج بالعديد من الأنواع المختلفة من المدخلات مثل العمالة والأرض (المحصول) و تسمى هذه المقاييس الجزئية للإنتاجية . ويمكن قياس الإنتاجية الزراعية أيضًا عن طريق ما يسمى بإنتاجية العامل الكلي (TFP). تقارن هذه الطريقة لحساب الإنتاجية الزراعية مؤشر المدخلات الزراعية بمؤشر للنواتج. تم إنشاء هذا المقياس للإنتاجية الزراعية لمعالجة عيوب المقاييس الجزئية للإنتاجية ؛ فأنه غالبا ما يكون من الصعب تحديد العوامل التي تسبب لهم تغيير. عادة ما تُعزى التغييرات في TFP إلى التحسينات التكنولوجية.
مصادر الانتاجية الزراعية
ومن مصادر الانتاجية الزراعية :
الزراعة الآلية
أصناف عالية الغلة، والتي كانت أساس الثورة الخضراء
الأسمدة: المغذيات النباتية الأولية: النيتروجين والفوسفور والبوتاسيوم والمغذيات الثانوية مثل الكبريت والزنك والنحاس والمنغنيز والكالسيوم والمغنيسيوم والموليبدينوم على التربة الناقصة
التعليم في الإدارة وتقنيات تنظيم المشاريع لتقليل التكاليف الثابتة والمتغيرة وتحسين القوى البشرية
الحد من التربة الحمضية لزيادة الرقم الهيدروجيني (ph) وتوفير الكالسيوم والمغنيسيوم
الرى
مبيدات الأعشاب
الهندسة الوراثية
مبيدات حشرية
زيادة كثافة النبات
جعل العلف الحيواني أكثر قابلية للهضم عن طريق المعالجة
حفظ الحيوانات في الداخل في الطقس البارد
وصات خارجية
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations – www.fao.org
OECD Department for Trade and Agriculture: Food, Agriculture and Fisheries
OECD Agricultural Outlook Database (2006–2015)
المراجع
إنتاج زراعي
زراعة عضوية
زراعة مستدامة
Antoni Jan Goetz

Antoni Jan Goetz (also Antoni Jan Goetz-Okocimski) (17 December 1895 – 31 October 1962) was a Polish industrialist, politician and activist. In the 1930s he was the sole owner of the Okocim Brewery in Brzesko, Poland. He was a delegate to the Sejm (parliament) of the Second Polish Republic.
Antoni Jan Goetz was born in Krakow; he was the son of Jan Albin Goetz and the grandson of Johann Evangelist Götz.
Political activity
Goetz was a delegate to the Polish Sejm between 1935 and 1938.
After the German invasion of Poland in 1939, Goetz, together with his family fled Poland on September 5, fearing repressions from the Nazis, who subsequently took over the Okocim Brewery. He made his way to France where he served as an adjutant at the Polish "Centrum Wyszkolenia Artylerii" (Center for Artillery Studies) in Brittany at Camp Coëtquidan.
He died in 1962 in Nairobi, Kenya from a tropical disease.
Efforts in 2017 of bringing Antoni Goetz-Okocimski's ashes back to Poland from Kenya were successful.
On 21 October 2017 a large funeral ceremony, which included events at the Goetz family palace, was held in Okocim, as per Antoni's wishes to be buried alongside his family. The event was attended by Antoni Goetz-Okocimski's family, politicians, historians, members of the Polish armed forces, executives of Okocim & Carlsberg breweries, and citizens of the city of Brzesko.
An exhibition was also organized on Antoni and his family at the Museum in Brzesko, it was entitled "A return from emigration".
References
External links
1895 births
1962 deaths
Politicians from Kraków
People from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government politicians
Members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1935–1938)
Rick Rodriguez

Rick Rodriguez
Ricardo "Rick" Rodriguez (born September 21, 1960) is an American professional baseball coach and former professional baseball pitcher. He pitched in parts of four seasons in the major leagues between and . He was the bullpen coach for the Oakland Athletics until he was replaced by Darren Bush, former manager of the Sacramento River Cats on October 26, 2012. On November 23, 2015 he was named as the Pitching Coach for the Nashville Sounds.
Playing career
Rodriguez was drafted by the Athletics in the 2nd round of the 1981 Major League Baseball draft out of the University of California, Riverside, where he had played college baseball for the Highlanders. Previous to Riverside, he went to Castro Valley High School and Chabot College. He spent the next five seasons working his way up through their farm system, reaching the majors for the first time in 1986. He pitched parts of that season and for the A's, but was released in December 1987.
In January , Rodriguez was signed by the Cleveland Indians, pitching one season in their organization with a brief stint in the majors. He became a free agent after the season, then spent a year in the Chicago White Sox organization before spending his final season with the San Francisco Giants in 1990.
Coaching career
In , Rodriguez returned to the Oakland Athletics organization as a minor league pitching coach. He filled that position with the Modesto A's in 1999, then in he was promoted to the Triple-A Sacramento River Cats. He has been their pitching coach in every season since, with the exception of , when he spent the season back at Modesto as the team's field manager.
For the season, Rodriguez will serve as the bullpen coach for the Oakland Athletics. Rodriguez was also the bullpen coach for the season. On October 26, 2012, he was replaced by Darren Bush.
References
External links
1960 births
Living people
Albany-Colonie A's players
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Baseball coaches from California
Baseball players from Oakland, California
Cleveland Indians players
Colorado Springs Sky Sox players
Huntsville Stars players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Minor league baseball managers
Modesto A's players
Oakland Athletics players
Phoenix Firebirds players
San Francisco Giants players
Tacoma Tigers players
UC Riverside Highlanders baseball players
Vancouver Canadians players
John E. Gallagher

John E. Gallagher (February 15, 1958 - March 2, 2019; sometimes credited as John Gallagher and John E. Gallagher III) was an American television director. His credits include Third Watch, ER, The Good Wife, Criminal Minds and The Blacklist. Prior to working in television, he worked as an assistant director and production assistant on the films Friday the 13th Part VIII: Jason Takes Manhattan, Born on the Fourth of July, The Hard Way, Out for Justice, Stone Cold, Passenger 57 and other films.
References
External links
American film directors
American television directors
2019 deaths
Place of birth missing
1958 births
Ray Little

Ray Little (7 October 1914 – 28 April 1995) was an Australian cricketer. He played eight first-class matches for New South Wales between 1934/35 and 1935/36.
See also
List of New South Wales representative cricketers
References
External links
1914 births
1995 deaths
Australian cricketers
New South Wales cricketers
Cricketers from New South Wales
People from New England (New South Wales)
الخروب (توضيح)

الخروب (توضيح)
الخروب كلمة تشير إلى شجرة الخروب ويمكن أن تشير إلى:
نبات
خروب الخنزير؛ نوع نباتي من الفصيلة البقولية.
أماكن
الخروب؛ مدينة جزائرية.
الخروب؛ قرية مغربية.
انظر أيضا
الخروب (قسنطينة) : بلدية بالجزائر
خروبة (توضيح)
Luis Caicedo (footballer, born 1979)

Luis Caicedo (footballer, born 1979)
Luis Andrés Caicedo de la Cruz (born May 12, 1979) is an Ecuadorian retired footballer.
Club career
Caicedo began his career in Olimpico. However, he only played there for a year and was loaned out to Olmedo. His great skill for center midfield soon impressed Ecuadorian teams when he played for Olmedo on loan for a year.
In April 1999, Caicedo joined Universidad Católica signing for a year. He was soon attracting Olmedo for his good play.
In February 2000, Caicedo signed with Olmedo permanently. He was soon able to consolidate himself as first choice center midfielder for the team. Caicedo scored many goals for Olmedo which made him one of the most important players Olmedo had along with José Luis Perlaza and Omar Ledesma. He is currently the team's top scorer with 7 goals in the Ecuadorian Serie A 2009.
International career
Caicedo was called up by former coach Luis Fernando Suárez to play in the Copa América 2007 for Ecuador in summer 2007. During a training session, he unluckily got injured and could not play the tournament. He was replaced by Pedro Quiñónez for the tournament. He also played in the 3-1 friendly match loss to the United States.
References
External links
1979 births
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
Ecuadorian men's footballers
Ecuador men's international footballers
Ecuadorian Serie A players
C.D. Universidad Católica del Ecuador footballers
C.D. Olmedo footballers
C.S.D. Macará footballers
Barcelona S.C. footballers
L.D.U. Portoviejo footballers
Delfín S.C. footballers
Footballers from Esmeraldas, Ecuador
Jahmi

Jahmi
Jahmī was a pejorative term used by early Islamic scholars to refer to the followers of Jahm ibn Safwan (d. 128/746). The four schools of Sunni jurisprudence (fiqh) reject the Jahmi belief.
Representatives
Jahm ibn Safwan was born in Samarkand, first lived in Termez, and then in Kufa, where he met with Jad ibn Dirham, who became his follower and preacher of his ideas. Returning to his homeland, he took part in the uprising against the Umayyad governor of Khorasan and was captured and executed at Merv. Among the most famous preachers of Jahmitic views that can be noted was Bishra al-Marisi (d. 833). At the beginning of the 9th century Jahmites acted in Nehavend, but some of them were forced to accept the teachings of the Asharites.
Beliefs
Many of the views of the Jahmites are seen as heretical by Sunnis, and sometimes even resulted in their expulsion from Islamic society in general. Thus, the Jahmites deny all the names and attributes of Allah, faith in which is an important part of the religious doctrine of orthodox Muslims. On the issue of interpreting the concept of “Iman,” the jahmits are similar to the Murjites, and argue that faith is only knowledge of Allah, and unbelief is ignorance about him. They also stated that heaven and hell would disappear sooner or later, which according to mainstream Muslim view contradicts both the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad.
In the matter of predestination, the Jahmites adhere to the belief that a person does not have free will and is forced into their actions. And on the question of the nature of Allah, the Jahmites are pantheists and say that he is everywhere and lives in all creatures. In addition, they deny the possibility of righteous Muslims seeing Allah in paradise.
Critique of Jahmi
Since the advent of Jahmism, this tendency has been the subject of criticism by many prominent representatives of orthodox Islam. Throughout Islamic history, numerous refutations of the teachings of the jahmites appeared, the authors of which were Sunni theologians, including Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Ibn Qutayba and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya. Other critics of the Jahmites included Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani and Ibn Taymiyyah. Yasir Qadhi wrote a lengthy dissertation (in Arabic only) during his time in Madinah which is entitled "The Theological Opinions of Jahm b. Ṣafwān and Their Effects on the Other Islamic Sects."
References
Islamic branches
William W. Paine

William W. Paine
William Wiseham Paine (October 10, 1817 – August 5, 1882) was a U.S. Representative from Georgia.
Born in Richmond, Virginia, Paine moved with his parents to Milledgeville, Georgia, in 1827.
He attended school in Mount Zion, Georgia.
He served in the Seminole Indian War in 1836.
He studied law in Washington, Georgia, and was admitted to the bar in 1838.
He moved to Telfair, Georgia, in 1840 and commenced the practice of law.
He served as member of the State constitutional convention in 1850.
He served as private secretary to Gov. Howell Cobb in 1851 and 1852.
He served in the Georgia State Senate in 1857–1860.
He entered the Confederate States Army and served as captain in the First Georgia Regiment throughout the Civil War.
He moved to Savannah, Georgia, at the close of the Civil War and continued the practice of law.
Paine was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-first Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the House declaring Joseph W. Clift not entitled to the seat, and served from December 22, 1870, to March 3, 1871.
He served as member of the State house of representatives in 1877–79.
Curator of the Georgia Historical Society.
He died in Savannah on August 5, 1882, and was interred in Bonaventure Cemetery.
References
1817 births
1882 deaths
Democratic Party Georgia (U.S. state) state senators
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Georgia (U.S. state)
Confederate States Army officers
19th-century American politicians
تيم بلو

تيم بلو مواليد 10 يوليو 1984 في بالم بيتش غاردنز، هو لاعب كرة سلة أمريكي. بدأ مسيرته الاحترافية في سنة 2007. يلعب في الدوري الفرنسي لكرة السلة الدرجة الأولى. يحمل الرقم 4. يبلغ طوله .
الإنجازات
الدوري الهولندي لكرة السلة (1): 2009–10
روابط خارجية
مراجع
رياضيون من بالم بيتش غاردنز
لاعبو كرة سلة من مقاطعة بالم بيتش (فلوريدا)
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من بالم بيتش غاردنز
رياضيون من مناطق حضرية في ميامي
لاعب الهجوم صغير الجسم (كرة السلة)
لاعبو الدوري الهولندي لكرة السلة
لاعبو كرة سلة أمريكيون
لاعبو كرة سلة مغتربون أمريكيون في ألمانيا
لاعبو كرة سلة مغتربون أمريكيون في فرنسا
لاعبو كرة سلة مغتربون أمريكيون في فنلندا
لاعبو كرة سلة مغتربون أمريكيون في هولندا
لاعبو كرة سلة من فلوريدا
لاعبو هجوم أمامي (كرة السلة)
مواليد 1984
مواليد في بالم بيتش غاردنز
لاعبو ويست باربان جايانتس
لاعبو ميتل دويتشر
رياضيون من مقاطعة بالم بيتش، فلوريدا
Movement for the Progress of Madagascar

Movement for the Progress of Madagascar
The Movement for the Progress of Madagascar (MFM - Mpitolona ho an'ny Fandrosoan'i Madagasikara) is a political party in Madagascar.
The Chairman of the party is Manandafy Rakotonirina.
The party was founded on 27 December 1972 as the Party for Proletarian Power (MFM - Mpitolona ho amin'ny Fanjakana ny Madinika). At the time it was a left-wing opposition to the military regime that had taken power the same year. It remained in opposition during the Ratsiraka regime and was part of the movement that forced him to give up his power in 1991. It also backed Marc Ravalomanana against Ratsiraka in the December 2001 presidential election and helped in persuading him to not accept the first official result but proclaim himself as the winner.
The party has converted to liberalism and changed its name. It is now an observer member of the Liberal International, which it joined at the latter's Marrakesh Congress in 2006. Since the 23 September 2007 National Assembly elections it is no longer represented in parliament
References
External links
Mpitolona ho amin'ny fandrosoan'ny Madagasikara
Political parties in Madagascar
Liberal International
Liberal parties in Africa
Political parties established in 1972
1972 establishments in Madagascar
Cisco Meraki

Cisco Meraki is a cloud-managed IT company headquartered in San Francisco, California. Their products include wireless, switching, security, enterprise mobility management (EMM) and security cameras, all centrally managed from the web. Meraki was acquired by Cisco Systems in December 2012.
History
Meraki was founded by Sanjit Biswas and John Bicket, along with Hans Robertson. The company was based in part on the MIT Roofnet project, an experimental 802.11b/g mesh network developed by the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Meraki was funded by Google and Sequoia Capital. The organization started in Mountain View, California, in 2006, before relocating to San Francisco. Meraki employed people who worked on the MIT Roofnet project.
In 2007, Meraki selected San Francisco for their community-based Free the Net campaign. They started putting gateway devices in the Lower Haight neighborhood to provide Internet access and giving away repeaters. In the first year of the project, the growth of the network was primarily in the Mission District. By October 2007, they estimated 20,000 distinct users connected and about 5 terabytes of data transferred in this network. In July 2008, Meraki said 100,000 people in San Francisco used its "Free the Net" service. Since then, Meraki discontinued this public service, though many access points remain active, but with no connection to the Internet.
On November 18, 2012, Cisco Systems announced it would acquire Meraki for an estimated $1.2 billion.
Products
Access Points (MR)
Switches (MS)
Security Appliances (MX)
Customer data loss incident
On August 3, 2017, the engineering team made changes to the North American object storage service; the change caused some deletion of customer data. Cisco stated that the change was due to the application of "an erroneous policy". The data loss mostly affected media files uploaded by customers. Lost data included:
Systems Manager – Custom enterprise apps and contact images.
Meraki Communications – IVR audio files, hold music, contact images and VM greetings.
Wireless Device Dashboard – Custom floor plans, device placement photos, custom logos used for interface branding and reports and custom splash themes.
On August 7 Meraki announced that some data on the cache service could be recovered. On August 9 customers were informed that recovery efforts were still underway but that they "do not expect to be able to recover most assets".
See also
Cisco Systems
List of networking hardware vendors
References
External links
Wireless network organizations
Linux-based devices
Cisco Systems acquisitions
2012 mergers and acquisitions
Computer companies of the United States
حيدرلو (نازلو شمالي)

حيدرلو (نازلو شمالي)
حيدرلو هي قرية في مقاطعة أرومية، إيران. عدد سكان هذه القرية هو 202 في سنة 2006.
مراجع
أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة أرومية