Sunda Strait

Sunda Strait
The Sunda Strait is the strait between the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra. It connects the Java Sea with the Indian Ocean.
Etymology
The strait takes its name from the Sunda Kingdom, which ruled the western portion of Java (an area covering the present day West Java, Jakarta, Banten, and some of western Central Java) from 669 to around 1579.
The name also alludes to the Sundanese people native to West Java and Banten.
Geography
Extending in a roughly southwest/northeast orientation, with a minimum width of at its northeastern end between Cape Tua on Sumatra and Cape Pujat on Java, the strait is part of the Java Sea. It is essentially triangular in shape, with two large bays on its northern side. It is also very broad and deep at its southwestern end, but as it narrows to the northeast it becomes much shallower, with a minimum depth of only in parts of its northeastern end.
The strait is notoriously difficult to navigate because of this shallowness, very strong tidal currents, sandbanks, and man-made obstructions such as oil platforms off the Java coast.
For centuries, the strait was an important shipping route, especially during the period when the Dutch East India Company used it as the gateway to the Spice Islands of Indonesia (1602–1799). However, its narrowness, shallowness, and lack of accurate charting make it unsuitable for many modern, large ships, most of which use the Strait of Malacca instead.
The strait is dotted with a number of islands, many of which are volcanic in origin. They include: Sangiang (Thwart-the-Way), Sebesi, Sebuku, and Panaitan (Prince's). The 1883 eruption of Krakatau, one of these islands, had a profound effect on the area, both short and long term. Tsunamis and pyroclastic flows which floated on clouds of steam killed tens of thousands. Out of 3,000 people on nearby Sebesi at the time, not one survived. Some land was never resettled and became Ujung Kulon National Park.
The Krakatoa eruption drastically altered the topography of the strait, with as much as 18–21 km³ of ignimbrite being deposited over an area of 1.1 million km² around the volcano. However, the population has recovered and much of the coastline is now very densely populated. Aside from Krakatoa's sole remaining peak, Rakata, the Krakatoa Archipelago consists of the islands of Lang (Panjang or Rakata Kecil), Verlaten (Sertung), and most recently, Anak Krakatau, which emerged in 1927 from the original Krakatoa's shattered remains.
Battle of Sunda Strait
On March 1, 1942, the Battle of Sunda Strait—part of the larger Battle of the Java Sea—took place when the Allied cruisers HMAS Perth and USS Houston encountered a Japanese amphibious landing force near Bantam, commanded by Rear Admiral Kenzaburo Hara. That force included a light cruiser and eleven destroyers, four heavy cruisers and a light aircraft carrier. The two Allied cruisers were sunk, while a Japanese minesweeper and a transport vessel were sunk by friendly fire.
Planned bridge
In the 1960s proposals were made for a bridge across the Sunda Strait, and in the 1990s further suggestions arose. A new plan was announced in October 2007. It would use the islands of Ular, Sangiang and Prajurit to create a four-part suspension bridge reaching above sea level. This bridge would have a maximum span of 3 kilometers, around 50% longer than the current record holder, the 1915 Çanakkale Bridge. Construction was projected to begin in 2014 if funding of at least US$10 billion could be secured.
An accord was signed in April 2012 with China Railway Construction Corporation for an $11 billion road and double track rail bridge. However, in November 2014 the incoming government of President Joko Widodo shelved plans to build the bridge.
Islands in the strait
Calmeyer
Krakatau Archipelago
Anak Krakatau
Krakatau, mostly destroyed volcanic island
Danan (volcano), destroyed volcanic cone on Krakatau
Perboewatan, destroyed volcanic cone on Krakatau
Rakata, partially destroyed volcanic cone and remnant of original island
Poolsche Hoed, destroyed in 1883 eruption of Krakatoa
Panjang, or Rakata Ketjil (Lang)
Sertung (Verlaten)
Legundi
Panaitan (Prince's Island)
Peucang
Handeuleum
Sangiang (Thwart-the-way)
Sebesi
Sebuku
Steers (island)
Tabuan
Bays
Lampung Bay, Sumatra
Semangka Bay, Sumatra
Gallery of nearby important channels
See also
Geostrategic context
Andaman and Nicobar Command
Andaman Sea
Bay of Bengal
Exclusive economic zone of Indonesia
Exclusive economic zone of India
Local context
Sunda Straits Crisis
Java Head
Kra Canal
Lombok Strait
Makassar Strait
Malaccamax
List of road-rail bridges
2018 Sunda Strait tsunami
References
Landforms of Banten
Landforms of Java
Landforms of Sumatra
Java Sea
Straits of the Indian Ocean
Western Indo-Pacific