Neobatrachia

Neobatrachia
The Neobatrachia (Neo-Latin neo- ("new") + batrachia ("frogs")) are a suborder of the Anura, the order of frogs and toads.
This suborder is the most advanced and apomorphic of the three anuran suborders alive today, hence its name, which literally means "new frogs" (from the hellenic words neo, meaning "new" and batrachia, meaning "frogs"). It is also by far the largest of the three; its more than 5,000 different species make up over 96% of all living anurans.
The differentiation between Archaeobatrachia, Mesobatrachia, and Neobatrachia is based primarily on anatomic differences, especially the skeletal structure, as well as several visible characteristics and behaviors.
Systematics
Separating the Anura into the Archaeo-, Meso- and Neobatrachia is somewhat controversial; as more research is done and more knowledge is gained, it is becoming even less clear, because many characteristics used for this differentiation apply to more than one group.
Neobatrachia are usually sorted into five superfamilies, but this division is also controversial, as some families are placed into different superfamilies by different authors. In addition, several families have been revealed to be paraphyletic and consequently divided to make them correspond to clades and thus be natural, evolutionary groups. This has approximately doubled the number of presently recognized neobatrachian families.
List of families
The clades and families currently accepted in the Neobatrachia are:
Superfamily Heleophrynoidea:
Heleophrynidae – ghost frogs
Clade Australobatrachia:
Calyptocephalellidae – Chilean toads
Superfamily Myobatrachoidea
Limnodynastidae – Australian ground frogs
Myobatrachidae – Australian froglets
Superfamily Hyloidea:
Allophrynidae – Tukeit hill frogs
Amphignathodontidae – marsupial frogs (sometimes in Hemiphractidae)
Alsodidae
Batrachylidae
Clade Brachycephaloidea
Brachycephalidae – saddleback toads
Ceuthomantidae – emerald-barred frogs
Craugastoridae Hedges, Duellmann & Heinicke, 2008 (formerly in Brachycephalidae)
Eleutherodactylidae Lutz, 1954 (formerly in Brachycephalidae)
Strabomantidae Hedges, Duellmann & Heinicke, 2008 (some formerly in Brachycephalidae)
Bufonidae – true toads
Centrolenidae – glass frogs
Ceratophryidae – horned toads
Cycloramphidae
Clade Dendrobatoidea
Aromobatidae – skunk frog (sometimes in Dendrobatidae)
Dendrobatidae – poison dart frogs
Hemiphractidae – marsupial frogs
Hylidae – true tree frogs and relatives
Hylodidae – giant Neotropical torrent frogs
Leiuperidae (sometimes in Leptodactylidae)
Leptodactylidae – southern frogs, tropical frogs
Odontophrynidae
Rhinodermatidae – Darwin's frogs
Telmatobiidae – water frogs
Superfamily Sooglossoidea:
Nasikabatrachidae – purple frogs
Sooglossidae – Seychelles frogs
Superfamily Ranoidea:
Microhylidae – narrow-mouthed frogs
Clade Afrobatrachia:
Arthroleptidae – squeakers
Brevicipitidae – rain frogs
Hemisotidae – shovelnose frogs
Hyperoliidae – sedge frogs, "bush frogs"
Clade Natatanura:
Ceratobatrachidae
Conrauidae
Dicroglossidae – fork-tongued frogs
Micrixalidae – dancing frogs
Mantellidae – Malagasy frogs
Nyctibatrachidae – night frogs
Odontobatrachidae
Petropedetidae – torrent frogs
Phrynobatrachidae – puddle frogs
Ptychadenidae – grassland frogs
Pyxicephalidae
Ranidae – true frogs
Ranixalidae – Indian frogs
Rhacophoridae – shrub frogs, "bush frogs", "moss frogs"
References
Further reading
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Amphibian suborders
Extant Aptian first appearances