PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
Kurilsk

Kurilsk (Shana-mura) is a town and the administrative center of Kurilsky District of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia, located on the island of Iturup. Population:
History
Ainu have been known to inhabit the present site of Kurilsk since the 2nd millennium BCE, with their settlement known as Shana, and under Russian rule as Syana. The Ainu name is from San-nai (サン・ナイ), and it means "the settlement downstream of the swamp". Russian colonists first appeared on Iturup in the late 18th century, with the Japanese erecting a military post in 1800. Tensions between Russian and Japanese colonists in the area led to the Treaty of Shimoda, which saw the southern Kuril Islands officially placed under Japanese rule in 1855, remaining so until the end of World War II.
Under Japanese administration that ended in 1945, the village of Shana was the central settlement of the island. As of August 15, 1945, the population of the village was 1,001.
In 1947, the village was given its present name and granted town status by the Soviets. All Japanese villagers were exiled; however, the Japanese do not recognize it to have been legally dissolved and the city office of Nemuro in Hokkaido takes care of its family registry.
Climate
Remarkably for its relatively southerly latitude, Kurilsk has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb) that almost qualifies as a subarctic climate owing to the powerful influence of the cold Oyashio Current which makes summers exceptionally cool. Unlike most subarctic climates, however, the winters are fairly mild and there is no permafrost. Precipitation, as with all the Kuril Islands, is very heavy owing to the influence of the Aleutian Low, though Kurilsk is a little less wet than Yuzhno-Kurilsk because of its westerly aspect which tends to shelter it from cyclonic storms originating over the Pacific. The climate actually resembles the subpolar oceanic climate of the Aleutian Islands more than the climate of interior Siberia, but the mean February temperature of is well beyond the threshold of oceanic climates.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kurilsk serves as the administrative center of Kurilsky District and is subordinated to it. As a municipal division, the town of Kurilsk and six rural localities of Kurilsky District are incorporated as Kurilsky Urban Okrug.
Economy
Kurilsk is a center for fishing and fish farming, particularly salmon. A tsunami warning station is also located in the town.
References
Notes
Sources
Cities and towns in Sakhalin Oblast
Iturup
Art Walker (triple jumper)

Art Walker (triple jumper)
Arthur Franklin Walker (born 9 September 1941) is a retired American triple jumper, who participated at the Olympic Games in Mexico 1968 and Munich 1972.
He was the best American triple jumper in the end of the 1960s, won four consecutive Mt. San Antonio College titles (from 1965 to 1968), three national titles (1965, 1966, and 1968), and one indoor national title in 1967.
He took part at the 1965 Summer Universiade in Budapest, ending at 5th place.
Art Walker improved for three times the US record of triple jump, increasing it by more than one foot compared to the previous record. After winning three national championships, he lost by a whisker the bronze medal in the exciting triple jump event at 1968 Olympics in Mexico City, where despite a jump of - up to two days before the world record stood to - he ended only at the fourth place, behind the Italian jumper Giuseppe Gentile.
He took part also at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, ending at 29th place.
References
External links
1941 births
Living people
American male triple jumpers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Olympic track and field athletes for the United States
Track and field athletes from Georgia (U.S. state)
التجمع الشعبي للمواطن

التجمع الشعبي للمواطن ، كان حزبا سياسيا في بوركينا فاسو (فولتا العليا سابقا). في الانتخابات البرلمانية لعام 2007، فاز الحزب بمقعد واحد من 111 مقعدًا في الجمعية الوطنية.
انظر أيضًا
جمعية بوركينا فاسو الوطنية
أحزاب سياسية منحلة في بوركينا فاسو
Djibril Dianessy

Djibril Dianessy (born 29 March 1996) is a French professional footballer who plays as a winger for Nõmme Kalju.
Club career
On 17 June 2021, Dianessy joined Ligue 2 club Pau. On 6 January 2022, he suffered an anterior cruciate ligament injury, which made him absent for the remainder of the 2021–22 season. In July 2022, Pau decided to terminate his contract.
Personal life
Dianessy is of Malian descent.
References
External links
Voetbal International profile
1996 births
Living people
People from Villemomble
Footballers from Seine-Saint-Denis
Men's association football wingers
French men's footballers
French sportspeople of Malian descent
Toulouse FC players
Fortuna Sittard players
MVV Maastricht players
Pau FC players
Nõmme Kalju FC players
Championnat National 3 players
Eerste Divisie players
Eredivisie players
Ligue 2 players
Meistriliiga players
French expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in the Netherlands
French expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Expatriate men's footballers in Estonia
French expatriate sportspeople in Estonia
مركز حودران (مركز حودران)

مركز حودران (مركز حودران)
مركز حودران هو دُوَّار يقع بجماعة حودران، إقليم الخميسات، جهة الرباط سلا القنيطرة في المملكة المغربية. ينتمي الدوّار لمشيخة مركز حودران التي تضم دوار واحد. يقدر عدد سكانه بـ 2202 نسمة حسب الإحصاء الرسمي للسكان والسكنى لسنة 2004.
مراجع
روابط خارجية
البوابة الوطنية للجماعات الترابية
المندوبية السامية للتخطيط
أماكن مأهولة في مركز حودران (حودران)
ديفيد بوكر

ديفيد بوكر هو نحات أسترالي، ولد في 1954.
مراجع
مواليد 1954
نحاتون أستراليون في القرن 20
نحاتون أستراليون في القرن 21
Sodium orthovanadate

Sodium orthovanadate is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It forms a dihydrate . Sodium orthovanadate is a salt of the oxyanion. It is a colorless, water-soluble solid.
Synthesis and structure
Sodium orthovanadate is produced by dissolving vanadium(V) oxide in a solution of sodium hydroxide:
The salt features tetrahedral anion centers linked to octahedral cation sites.
Condensation equilibria
Like many oxometalates, orthovanadate is subject to a number of reactions, which have been analyzed by 51V NMR studies. At high pH, ions exist in equilibrium with . At lower pH's, condensation ensues to give various polyoxovanadates. Ultimately, decavanadate is formed.
Biochemistry
Vanadates exhibit a variety of biological activities, in part because they serve as structural mimics of phosphates. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of ATPases, alkaline and acid phosphatases, and protein-phosphotyrosine phosphatases, and its inhibitory effects can be reversed by dilution or the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).
Orthovanadate is activated by boiling and adjusting pH to ~10; this depolymerizes decavanadate into the active inhibitor, monovanadate.
References
See also
Sodium metavanadate
Inorganic compounds
Sodium compounds
Vanadates
George Zinati

George Zinati
George Zenati or Georges Zenati (Arabic: ) born in 1935 in Haifa is a Palestinian-Lebanese academic, researcher and translator. He presented a number of philosophical and intellectual works that discussed various topics, in addition to making several translations, perhaps the most important of which are the works of the French thinker Paul Ricoeur, he died on 22 January 2020.
Biography
George was born in the Palestinian city of Haifa, from which he was displaced with his family in 1948 to Beirut, where he spent his youthful years, before moving in the late sixties to Paris, to continue his studies, where he obtained a doctorate at the University of Paris in 1972, under the supervision of The thinker Paul Ricoeur, then worked as a teacher at the National University of Zaire of Lubumbashi in Congo between 1973 and 1977, before returning to Beirut to work as a professor of modern and contemporary philosophy and graduate studies, in the faculties of education and literature at the Lebanese University.
Published works
Wrote
1964: , Eternal Thirst, Commercial Office for Printing, Distribution and Publishing
1993: , Journeys into Western Philosophy, University Foundation for Studies, Publishing and Distribution,
2002: , Philosophy on its way, conditions and times for printing, publishing and distribution,
2018: , Freedom and Violence, The Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies,
2019: , The Philosophy and Impact of Ibn Bajja, The Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies,
Translations
1993: , "The Passions of the Soul", by René Descartes
2005: , "The Self Same as Other", by Paul Ricoeur
2008: , "History of Catholicism", by Yves Broglie
2008: , "History of Byzantium", Jean-Claude Chenet
2009: , “Memory," “History, Oblivion," by Paul Ricoeur
2009: , "Moral Philosophy", by Monique Canto-Sperber and Reuven Ojian
2020: , "Ibn Rushd the Disquieting", Jean-Baptiste Brunet
Awards
His book "The Same Same as Another" (translated from French into Arabic) won the Sheikh Zayed Book Award in 2007, in the translation category. He also received the King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz International Award for Translation in 2011, in the field of "Humanities from Other Languages into Arabic", for his translation of the book "Memory, History, Oblivion" from the French language, the prize is shared equally with Muhammad Badawi, for his translation of the book "The Interpretation of Cultures" from the English language, by Clifford Geertz.
References
2021 deaths
1935 births
People from Haifa
Lebanese academics
Palestinian academics
Lebanese male writers
Lebanese translators
Palestinian translators
Palestinian writers
Academic staff of Lebanese University
Lebanese people of Palestinian descent
Palestinian emigrants to Lebanon
French–Arabic translators
مسروق بن أبرهة

مسروق بن أبرهة (تـ 572م): آخر ملوك الاحتلال الحبشي لليمن الذي دام نيف وأربعين عاماً. ووفقاً للمصادر العربية، فإن مسروقاً خلف أخاه أكسوم بن أبرهة الذي مات بعد أبيه أبرهة مباشرة، وفي ذلك قال عبيد بن شرية: ،وهو ما أكده ابن إسحاق وهشام الكلبي أيضاً.
وقد ذكر المؤرخ ثيوفان المعترف أن ملك فارس أنو شروان عندما كان على علاقة ودية مع الرومان، أرسل الجنرال الفارسي ميرنز (Miranes) إلى اليمن، فأسر ملك على حمير يدعى (Sanaturces)، ونهب مدينتهم واستعبد السكان. والمراد بـ (Sanaturces) مسروق بن أبرهة، وذلك في حوالي سنة 572م للميلاد أو أواخر سنة 571م وفق قول "أنطوان جودو" و"تشارلز لي بو". أما أبي زرعة بن سيف بن ذي يزن ذكر أن والده أخرج الحبشة بعد مولد النبي محمد بعامين،وهو ما ذكره ابن عباس أيضاً.
ووفقاً للمصادر العربية، أنه لما استفحل أمر الحبشة في اليمن، قصد سيف بن ذي يزن أنطاكية وفيها قيصر ملك الروم، فشكا إليه ما أصاب اليمن، فلم يلتفت إليه، فقصد النعمان بن المنذر (عامل كسرى على العرب) فأوصله إلى كسرى أنو شروان ملك الفرس فحدثه بأمره، فبعث كسرى معه نحو ثماني مئة رجل ممن كانوا في سجونه، وأمر عليهم شريفا من العجم اسمه وهرز (وفي رواية عبيد بن شرية اسمه خرزاد) فسار بهم إلى الأبلة وركبوا البحر، وخرجوا بساحل عدن، فأقبل عليهم رجال اليمن يناصرونهم، فقتلوا ملك الحبشة وهو مسروق بن أبرهة الأشرم، ودخلوا صنعاء، وكتبوا إلى كسرى بالفتح، فألحقت اليمن ببلاد الفرس على أن يكون ملكها والمتصرف في شؤونها سيف بن ذي يزن.
مراجع
الحروب الحبشية الفارسية
أشخاص في القرن 6
أكسوم
أمهره
إثيوبيون
تاريخ اليمن القديم
حكام اليمن
ملوك أكسوم
وفيات 570
وفيات بسبب طعنات رماح
ملوك اليمن
Woody Rich

Woody Rich
Woodrow Earl Rich (March 9, 1916 – April 18, 1983) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball who played from 1939 through 1944 for the Boston Red Sox (1939–41) and Boston Braves (1944). Listed at Rich batted left-handed and threw right-handed. He was born in Morganton, North Carolina.
In a four-season major league career, Rich posted a 6–4 record with a 5.06 ERA in 33 appearances, including 16 starts, five complete games, one save, 42 strikeouts, 50 walks, and 117 innings of work. Rich also pitched 22 seasons in the minor leagues, winning 250 games and pitching over 3200 innings for 17 teams.
Rich served in the United States Marine Corps in 1945 during World War II.
Rich died in Morganton, North Carolina, at the age of 67.
References
External links
1916 births
1983 deaths
Boston Red Sox players
Boston Braves players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Baseball players from North Carolina
People from Morganton, North Carolina
Clarksdale Red Sox players
Little Rock Travelers players
Louisville Colonels (minor league) players
Scranton Red Sox players
San Diego Padres (minor league) players
Indianapolis Indians players
Anniston Rams players
Shreveport Sports players
Greensboro Patriots players
St. Petersburg Saints players
Memphis Chickasaws players
High Point-Thomasville Hi-Toms players
Savannah Redlegs players
Boise Braves players
Charlotte Hornets (baseball) players
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II
Forest City Owls players
Rutherford County Owls players
كريس ساندرز (لاعب كرة قدم أمريكية)

كريس ساندرز (لاعب كرة قدم أمريكية)
كريس ساندرز هو لاعب كرة قدم أمريكية أمريكي، ولد في 22 أبريل 1973 في أوستن في الولايات المتحدة.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
راكضون للخلف كرة قدم أمريكية
رياضيون من أوستن (تكساس)
لاعبو كرة القدم الأمريكية من أوستن (تكساس)
لاعبو واشنطن ريدسكينس
مواليد 1973
John A. Holm

John A. Holm
John Alexander Holm (May 16, 1943 – December 28, 2015) was an American academic. He was Chair of English Linguistics and History of Civilizations at the University of Coimbra, Portugal.
Holm was born in Jackson, Michigan, and graduated from Jackson High School in 1961. He received a Ph.D. in linguistics from the University of London in 1978 with his thesis "The creole English of Nicaragua's Miskito Coast : its sociolinguistic history and a comparative study of its lexicon and syntax." He is a specialist on the history and languages of the Caribbean peoples, and the author of many books and articles on those subjects. He is editor with Susanne Maria Michaelis of the series Contact languages : critical concepts in language studies.
Thanks to the study of creoles, he showed that because of its importance in Barbados, the white population is the starting point of most of the English creoles that are spoken by the Indian, white and black peoples in most parts of the Caribbean and Carolina.
He also wrote the only one dictionary of Bahamian English. He died on December 28, 2015, in Azeitão, Portugal from prostate cancer.
Books
Dictionary of Bahamian English, (with Alison Watt Shilling). Cold Spring, N.Y.: Lexik House Publishers, 1982.
Central American English, (ed.) Heidelberg : J. Groos, 1983.
Review, by Steve Jones, Language in Society, Jun., 1984, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 281
Review, by J. L. Dillard, Language, Jun., 1985, vol. 61, no. 2, p. 487-489
Review, by G. G. Gilbert, American Speech Autumn, 1985, vol. 60, no. 3, p. 261-269
Pidgins and Creoles 2 vol.: v.1, " Theory and structure"; v.2, "References survey" Cambridge University Press, 1988-89
Review, Morris Goodman, in Journal of Pidgin and Creole Language, vol. 7, no. 2 (1992); p. 352-361.)
Review, by Salikoko S Mufwene, Language, Jun., 1991, vol. 67, no. 2, p. 380-387
Review by John McWhorter, Language in Society, Sep., 1991, vol. 20, no. 3, p. 477-483
Review, G. Sankoff, American Anthropologist, Jun., 1991, vol. 93, no. 2, p. 511-512
Review, by P. Muysken, Journal of Linguistics, Sep., 1990, vol. 26, no. 2, p. 509-512
An introduction to pidgins and creoles Cambridge University Press, 2000. in 596 libraries according to WorldCat
Review, by A. S. Kaye, Language, Jun., 2002, vol. 78, no. 2, p. 362-363
Review, by Patrick O. Steinkrüger, Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft, 2004, vol. 23, no. 2, p. 300-301.
Languages in contact: the partial restructuring of vernaculars Cambridge University Press, 2004. in 282 libraries according to WorldCat
Review by Patrick O. Steinkrüger, Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft, 2006, vol. 25, no. 1, p. 154-156.
Review by Raymond Hickey, Anthropological linguistics. 48, no. 3, (2006): 299
Review by Anthony P Grant, Language in Society, Apr., 2006, vol. 35, no. 2, p. 297-300
Review, by D. E. Wallcek, Language, Sep., 2006, vol. 82, no. 3, p. 683
Comparative Creole Syntax: Parallel Outlines of 18 Creole Grammars. (with Peter L. Patrick). [London]: Battlebridge, 2007.
Articles
References
1943 births
2015 deaths
Linguists from the United States
People from Jackson, Michigan
إيرا نورث

إيرا نورث هو موظف مدني أمريكي، ولد في 31 أغسطس 1922 في إثريدج في الولايات المتحدة، وتوفي في 15 يناير 1984 في ناشفيل في الولايات المتحدة.
مراجع
أشخاص من مقاطعة لورينس (تينيسي)
خريجو الجامعة المسيحية في أبيلين
خريجو جامعة إلينوي في أوربانا شامباين
خريجو جامعة لويزيانا الحكومية
رجال دين أمريكيون في القرن 20
رجال دين مسيحيون أمريكيون
قادة دينيون بروتستانتيون في القرن 20
مواليد 1922
وفيات 1984
Rolf Willy Hansen

Rolf Willy Hansen
Rolf Hansen (born 17 April 1949) is a Norwegian diplomat.
He is a cand.philol. by education, and started working for the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1975. From 1993 to 1994 he was a sub-director in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and then spent three years as an adviser. From 1997 to 2000 he served as consul-general in Hong Kong. After being head of department in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 2001 to 2005, he served as consul-general in Minneapolis from 2005 to 2008 and the Norwegian ambassador to Syria from 2008.
References
1949 births
Living people
Norwegian civil servants
Ambassadors of Norway to Syria
Norwegian expatriates in the United States
Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, 3rd Class
الاستفتاء الدستوري اليمني 2015

الاستفتاء الدستوري اليمني 2015
الاستفتاء على الدستور كان من المتوقع ان يعقد في اليمن في 2015، والذي سيطلب الناخبين الموافقة على الدستور الجديد لدولة اليمن الإتحادية.، كان من المتوقع ان يعقد الاستفتاء في يوم 15 أكتوبر 2013، للموافقة على الدستور الذي كان سيتم اقراره في مؤتمر الحوار. ولكن لم يجرى الاستفتاء ولم يقر الدستور ودخلت البلاد في أتون حرب أهلية.
خلفية
بدأ مؤتمر الحوار الوطني اليمني يوم 18 مارس عام 2013، مع مشاركين يمثلون مختلف الأحزاب السياسية المشاركة في وضع دستور جديد.
مراجع
اليمن في 2015
استفتاءات في اليمن
رينيه لي فورت

رينيه لي فورت (30 مارس 1869 -30 مارس 1951) كان جراحا فرنسيا من ليل وهذا وقد انشئ تصنيف لكسور الوجه.
وكان ابن عمه جراحا ليون كليمنت لي فورت (1829 – 1893), كان يقدم على عملية جراحية لهبوط الرحم.
السيرة الذاتية
بعد حصوله على درجة طبية مع مقالة بعنوان تطبيقات جراحة جمجمة المخ , بلاضافة إلى عمله كمقيم طبي تلى ذلك العمل كجراح عسكري لمستشفى الجيش الفرنسي في فال دي غريس.
وفي عام 1899 بدأ تدريس في الجامعة الطبية في ليل.وفي اندلاع حرب البلقان الأولى (1912), انضم مرة أخرى إلى الجيش كطبيب عسكري . خلال الحرب العالمية الأولى تلقى الثناء لشجاعة أفعاله في معركة دينانت .
أمضى العامين الأخيرين من الحرب في فرساي التي يوجد فيها سرطان الثدي حالات مرض القلب.
في عام 1919 عمل في مستشفى ديه إنفاليديس قبل أن يعود إلى ليل في العام التالي. هنا أصبح أستاذا في القسم الجراحي لجراحة الأطفال وجراحة العظام. وكان أيضا متطوعا في المركز الصحي في زويدكوت , حيث بحث عن علاجات لمرض السل. وفي عام 1936 حصل على جائزة بريكس لابوري وانتخب رئيسا للمكز الفرنسي لجراحة تقويم الاعضاء والعظام . في 1937 تقاعد , ولكن خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية عاد إلى جامعة ليل ليحل الزملاء الذين شاركوا في الحرب.
تصنيفات كسور لي فورت
في عام 1901 نشر رينيه لي فورت مقالة تسمى دراسة تجريبية على كسور الفك العلوي تشمل تجاربه مع كسور الفك العلوي من الجمجمة .
لأداء هذه التجارب , استخدم لي فورت رؤوس الجثث السليمة وقوى مسننة متحركة بأحجام مختلفة ,وكذلك من اتجاهات مختلفة . من هذه الاختبارات , هو حدد أنماط متوقعة للكسور تكون نتيجة لانواع معينة من الإصابات , وتوصل إلى نتيجة مفادها أن هناك ثلاث أنواع سائدة من كسور منتصف الوجه.
كسور لي فورت 1:(العظم أفقي) كسر من الفك العلوي مباشرة فوق الأسنان والحنك.
كسور لي فورت2: (العظم المثلثي) نتيجة ضربة للفك العلوي أو الأوسط .
كسور لي فورت 3: (العظم العرضي ) وتسمى أيضا الفصل القحفي الوجهي , ونتيجة للتأثير على جسر الأنف أو الفك العلوي .
في بعض الحالات , كسور الفك العلوي هي خليط من اثنين أو ثلاثة أنواع لي فورت . على الرغم من أن هذا النظام من التصنيف يعتبر بسيطا إلى حد ما اليوم, فإنه لا يزال يستخدم على نطاق واسع في الطب .
كتابات مختارة
Étude expérimentale sur les fractures de la mâchoire supérieure (1901)
Les Projectiles inclus dans le mediastin (1918)
مصادر
Emedicine Facial Trauma, Maxillary and Le Fort Fractures
Biographical information based on an article of René Le Fort at the ويكيبيديا الألمانية.
أشخاص من ليل (مدينة)
جراحون فرنسيون
عسكريون فرنسيون في الحرب العالمية الأولى
علماء من مدينة ليل
مواليد 1869
وفيات 1951
Power vacuum

Power vacuum
In political science and political history, the term power vacuum, also known as a power void, is an analogy between a physical vacuum to the political condition "when someone in a place of power, has lost control of something and no one has replaced them." The situation can occur when a government has no identifiable central power or authority. The physical analogy suggests that in a power vacuum, other forces will tend to "rush in" to fill the vacuum as soon as it is created, perhaps in the form of an armed militia or insurgents, military coup, warlord or dictator. The term is also often used in organized crime when a crime family becomes vulnerable to competition.
Hereditary or statutory order of succession or effective succession planning are orderly ways to resolve questions of succession to positions of power. When such methods are unavailable, such as in failed dictatorships or civil wars, a power vacuum arises, which prompts a power struggle entailing political competition, violence, or (usually) both. A power vacuum can also occur after a constitutional crisis in which large portions of the government resign or are removed, creating unclear succession.
Historical examples
Historic examples include the Time of Troubles in the Tsardom of Russia, defeat of France in the Franco-Prussian War, the death of Vladimir Lenin, and the decrease in power of Great Britain and France in the Middle East after the Suez Crisis.
During the course of the Ming treasure voyages (1405–1433), the Chinese Ming empire was the dominant political and military force within the Indian Ocean. However, in 1433, the Chinese government withdrew their treasure fleet and thus left a large void within the Indian Ocean.
Contemporary examples
In 2003, when the United States led a coalition to oust Saddam Hussein in the Iraq War, the absence of an all-out Iraqi opposition force at war with government forces meant that once the Ba'ath Party was removed, no local figures were on hand to immediately assume the now vacant administerial posts. For this reason, Paul Bremer was appointed by the United States government as the interim head of state to oversee the transition.
In other western-led interventions such as in Kosovo (1999) and Libya (2011) where the initial claim of justification in each case was a humanitarian matter, there had been active opposition fighting on the ground to oust the relevant governments (in the case of Kosovo, this meant removal of state forces from the desired territory rather than ousting the government itself). Subsequently, successor entities were immediately effective in Libya and Kosovo.
Power vacuums often occur in failed states sometimes referred to as Fragile states where the state has lost the power to prevent its citizens from forming states within states, such as in post-communist Moldova's Transnistria.
See also
Anarchy
Failed state
State collapse
Provisional government
References
Politics by issue
Political science terminology
Changes in political power
Power (social and political) concepts