Society of Women Artists

Society of Women Artists
The Society of Women Artists (SWA) is a British art body dedicated to celebrating and promoting fine art created by women. It was founded as the Society of Female Artists (SFA) in 1855, offering women artists the opportunity to exhibit and sell their works. Annual exhibitions have been held in London since 1857, with some wartime interruptions.
History
Particularly during the 19th century, the British art world was dominated by the Royal Academy (RA), founded in 1768. Two of the 34 named founders were women painters: Angelica Kauffman (1741–1807) and Mary Moser (1744–1819). However, it was not until 1922 that other female artists were admitted to the academy. Annie Swynnerton, a member of the Society of Women Artists since 1889, was elected as the first female associate member of the Royal Academy and in 1936, Dame Laura Knight became the first female elected full member of the Royal Academy.
A woman's place in society was perceived as passive and governed by emotion. And in the 1850s, the idea that women could be artists was hotly debated by John Ruskin and other critics in various journals. Ruskin wrote to Sophia Sinnett in 1858 "You must resolve to be quite a great paintress; the feminine termination does not exist, there never having been such a being as yet as a lady who could paint." Women were not considered as serious contributors to the field of art and had great difficulty in obtaining a public showing. Their education in the arts was limited and they had been excluded from the practice of drawing from the nude figure since the Royal Academy was founded. However, Ruskin later revised his opinion of women artists after seeing Elizabeth Thompson's The Roll Call at the Royal Academy in 1874. After much debate and petitioning, in December 1883, the Royal Academy Schools agreed to provide life classes "for the study of the partially draped figure" to female students but it was a further 10 years before women were admitted to these classes. It was at this time that life classes for women were becoming more widely available across the country.
Nevertheless, British women artists proved themselves capable of working both individually and in collaboration and consequently, gained greater credibility. In order to progress and find opportunities to exhibit, they began to form their own organisations. One of the most significant of those bodies was the Society of Female Artists, founded around 1857. Initially, membership was granted to women who had exhibited with the Society and who earned their livelihood through art.
Society of Female Artists (c. 1855 – c. 1869)
In 1855, English biographer Harriet Grote (1792–1878), together with a number of female artists and philanthropists, founded the Society of Female Artists. The society was initially managed by a committee, and, although its members were sometimes listed in early catalogues, no presiding officer was ever named. The first published committee (1859) was composed of Harriet Grote; Mrs Edward Romilly; Mrs Stephenson; watercolour artist Elizabeth Murray; opera singer Jenny Lind, who was a friend of Harriet Grote; the novelist Lady Harriet Jane Trelawny; Miss Sotheby; and Catherine Stanley (nee Leycester), the mother of Arthur Penrhyn Stanley. Leonie Caron (later Mrs Alfred Buss) was the Society's first Secretary in 1857, succeeded by Mrs Elizabeth Dundas Murray, who served as Secretary from 1858 to 1865. Contemporary press reports also place Mrs David Laing (nee Mary Elizabeth West) among the founders. Early members included Mary Thornycroft, Margaret Tekusch and Augusta Innes Withers.
The society's first exhibition, held at 315 Oxford Street, London between 1 June and 18 July 1857, became the focus of debate with regard to the role of women in art. The exhibition comprised 358 works by 149 female artists, the predominant genre being landscapes. In May 1857, prior to the opening, The Art Journal and The Spectator were supportive of the exhibition. After the exhibition closed, The Art Journal reported that "The Committee express their gratification in announcing that the success of their first exhibition has fully equalled their expectations." The Society then held annual exhibitions in London showing work of women artists (except in the years 1912–1914, 1919 and 1940–1946).
Until 1863, the annual exhibition received controversial reviews, probably as exhibits were chosen on a liberal and amicable basis. This was addressed in 1869, when their lack of professionalism led to a reorganisation of the Society under the patronage of the Duchess of Cambridge and consequently it was renamed the Society of Lady Artists. The Society has received royal patronage since 1865 (the current patron is Princess Michael of Kent).
In 1867 Mrs. Madeline Marrable, a prolific watercolourist and oil painter, joined the committee.
Society of Lady Artists (c 1869 – 1899)
The Society's earliest records were lost or destroyed during World War II at the Society's headquarters at 195 Piccadilly, London (the Society's catalogues and remaining papers dating from 1929 are now housed in the Victoria and Albert Museum Library). As a result, there is some debate as to exactly when the Society was renamed from the SFA to the SLA. Secondary sources of reference suggest 1869, whereas other sources suggest it was 1873.
In 1886, Marrable became the first president of the society. In 1899, the mid-Victorian persona was discarded and the 20th century was embraced by the society with a new name, the Society of Women Artists (SWA).
Society of Women Artists (1899–present)
The society has had many notable artists among its members. Dame Laura Knight, the first woman Royal Academician, was elected president in 1932 and retained that office until she retired in 1968 to become a Patron. Illustrator Mabel Lucie Atwell and Suzanne Lucas, past President of the Society of Botanical Artists and the first woman president of Royal Miniature Society (now known as Royal Society of Miniature Painters, Sculptors and Gravers), were also members. Current members include Daphne Todd, the first female president of the Royal Society of Portrait Painters from 1994 to 2000 and winner of the BP Portrait Award 2010, portraitist June Mendoza, and Philomena Davidson, first woman president of the Royal British Society of Sculptors.
Many SWA members are also members of other well-established societies, such as the Royal Society of British Artists, the Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours, The Pastel Society, and the Society of Equestrian Artists.
The SWA collated a four-volume dictionary of the society's exhibitors to 1996. The society's archive was given to the Victoria & Albert Museum's Archive of Art and Design in 1996. Only the RA and the Royal Scottish Academy produce such records.
Membership
Membership of the SWA is composed of a maximum of 150 members. They promote new artists and encourage non-members to show their work at their annual exhibition.
The first step towards becoming a member is to submit six works regularly (although a maximum of four will be hung) for the Annual Open Exhibition. These are considered by a selection committee, and if judged exceptional, the artist is elected to become an associate member (ASWA), subject to space within the society. Associate members become eligible for election to full membership in the following year.
Presidents
1886–1912 Madeline Marrable
1913–1915 Mary Pownall
1916 Probably Beth Amoore
1917–1922 Lota Bowen
1923–1931 Charlotte Blakeney Ward
1932–1967 Dame Laura Knight
1968–1976 Lady Muriel Wheeler
1977–1982 Alice Rebecca Kendall
1982–1985 Gladys Dawson
1985–2000 Barbara Tate
2000–2005 Elizabeth R. Meek, MBE, HPRMS, FRSA
2005–2012 Barbara Penketh Simpson
2012–2017 Sue Jelley
2017–2020 Soraya French
2020–2020 Dr Linda Smith
2021– Helen Sinclair
Acting presidents
1932–1933 Dorothea Sharp
1934–1936 Helen Stuart Weir
1937–1939 Constance Bradshaw
1940 Ethel Léontine Gabain
1947–1948 Dorothea Medley Selous (aka. Jamieson)
1949–1950 Irene Ryland
1951–1967 Lady Muriel Wheeler
1973–1976 Alice R. Kendall
Notable members
(In alphabetical order, excluding SWA presidents or acting presidents, listed above)
Margaret Backhouse
Rose Maynard Barton
Jose Christopherson
Florence Claxton
Edith Collier
Lillian Cotton
Helga von Cramm
Ursula Fookes
Frances C. Fairman
Laura Sylvia Gosse
Alice Gwendoline Rhona Haszard
Cecil Mary Leslie
Sarah Louisa Kilpack
Margaret Macadam
Vivien Mallock
June Mendoza
Sara Page
Emily Murray Paterson
Hazel Reeves
Janet Russell
Mabel Mary Spanton
Elizabeth Southerden Thompson
Helen Thornycroft
Daphne Todd
Flora Twort
Emily Warren
Mabel Wickham
Caroline Fanny Williams
Officers
President
Helen Sinclair
Vice Presidents
Anne Blankson-Hemans
Rachel Parker
Directors
Soraya French
Dani Humberstone
Sue Jelley PPSWA SPF
Rosemary Miller SAA
Honorary Treasurer
Rachel Parker SWA
Company Secretary
Rosemary Miller SAA
Executive Secretary
Rebecca Cotton
Press Officer
Council Members
Michele Ashby
Anne Blankson-Hemans
Julie Colins
Estelle Day
Sera Knight
Rachel Parker
Angela Brittain
Helen Sinclair
Dr Linda Smith
Honorary Members
Philomena Davidson PPRBS
June Mendoza AO OBE RP ROI
Ruth Pilkington ROI
Susan Ryder PVPRP NEAC
Emma Sergeant
Daphne J. Todd OBE PPRP NEAC FRSA
Belinda Tong
Joyce Wyatt HonUA ASAF(HC) FRSA
Honorary Retired Members
Eva Castle
Pamela Davis
Mary Grant
Pam Henderson
Patricia Nichols
Joyce Rogerson
Dorothy Watts
Activities
Annual exhibition
The society holds various exhibitions throughout the year, culminating in the annual exhibition at the Mall Galleries in London. The exhibition consists of works by members and non-members, which are selected by a panel from an open call for entries. The exhibition offers awards to selected artists, many of which are supplied by the Society's sponsors, and aims to highlight the wide range and diversity of fine art created by women.
Exhibition venues since the inception of the SFA have always been in London – listed below:
1857 The Gallery, 315 Oxford Street
1858 The Gallery, Egyptian hall, Piccadilly
1859 Gallery 7 Haymarket
1860–1863 53 Pall mall ('At the gallery of the new society of water-colour painters, two doors from the british institution')
1863–1867 48 Pall Mall
1868–1896 Initially held at the Architectural Association, Conduit Street, with other venues, probably at Great Marlborough Street, the Haymarket, Pall Mall, and at the Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly.
1897–1922 6a Suffolk Street, with the exception of the years 1912 to 1914 and 1919.
1923–1940 Royal Institute Galleries
1941–1946 No exhibitions were held during World War II
1947 The Guildhall
1948–1969 Royal Institute Galleries
1970 Chenil Galleries
1971–1987 The Mall Galleries
1988–1989 Westminster Gallery
2000–2003 Westminster Hall
2004–2020 The Mall Galleries
2020-2021 The exhibition this year was held online due to COVID-19 restrictions
2022-2023 The Mall Galleries
Special reception
The SWA has a history of collaborating with charities to help with the under-privileged and vulnerable. Currently, the SWA collaborates with Breast Cancer Now, the UK's largest breast cancer charity, created by the merger of Breast Cancer Campaign and Breakthrough Breast Cancer. Each year a special reception is held during the annual exhibition, here members donate works that are auctioned and the proceeds from the sales are presented to the charity.
Demonstrations and workshops
During the annual exhibition and within the gallery, member artists provide a series of informal demonstrations to the public. Special workshops are also led by members and held within the Learning Centre at the Mall Galleries.
References
Sources
Barbara Tate and the Society Of Women Artists, www.barbaratate.co.uk/painting-menu/23-fine-art-stories/150-society-of-women-artists.html retrieved 01-01-2017
Baile De Laperriere, Charles, The Society of Women Artists exhibitors 1855–1996 : a dictionary of artists and their works in the annual exhibitions of The Society of Women Artists, 4 volumes, Hilmarton Press, Wiltshire, c1996
Gray, Sara, The Dictionary of British Women Artists, The Lutterworth Press, 2009, www.lutterworth.com/pub/dictionary%20women%20artists%20intro.pdf retrieved 01-01-2017
Just Opened London, Society of Women Artists retrieved 01-01-2017
Nunn, Pamela Geraldine, The Mid-Victorian Woman Artist 1850–1879, PhD Thesis, University College London, 1982
The Society of Women Artists 155th Annual Exhibition 2016 catalogue
External links
Society of Women Artists
British art
Art societies
British artist groups and collectives
1855 establishments in the United Kingdom
Arts organizations established in 1855
Women's organisations based in the United Kingdom
Women in art