PolyAgent/wiki_arabic_en_parallel_20231101 huggingface dataset:
Adherbal (admiral)

Adherbal (admiral)
Adherbal (died 230BC), also known as Atarbas (Atárbas), was the admiral of the Carthaginian fleet which battled the Romans for domination of the Mediterranean Sea during the First Punic War (264–241BC). Polybius identified Adherbal during the Battle of Drepana as the Carthaginian commander-in-chief. He led the Carthaginian fleet to Drepana in Sicily and inflicted a crushing defeat on the Roman consul P. Claudius Pulcher during the naval battle in 249BC.
Battle of Drepana
Encouraged by previous victories, the new consul for 250 Gaius Atilius Regulus launched a campaign to attack the last Punic strongholds on the island of Sicily: Lilybaeum and Drepana. For this surprise attack, which was carried out in 249, the Romans mustered a fleet of 123 quinqueremes. Adherbal was tasked to defend Drepana with the assistance of Hannibal the Rhodian and Carthalo. In their desire for stealth, the Romans attacked at night causing them to lose their formation. Adherbal commanded the Punic fleet and immediately ordered his forces to set to sea when the straggling line of Roman galleys approached the shore by dawn. His defense cost the Romans 93 ships while Carthage lost nothing.
Adherbal's conduct during the siege was documented by historians such as Polybius and Leonardo Bruni. The latter, for instance, described the admiral delivering an oratio obliqua before his forces as he led them to meet the Romans. He would later write that Adherbal "won great praise as the man who, by virtue of his courage and skill, restored to his fellow Carthaginians their lost reputation as a sea power."
References
Citations
Bibliography
.
Carthaginian commanders of the First Punic War
Admirals
3rd-century BC births
230 BC deaths
Year of birth unknown
3rd-century BC Punic people
العلاقات المجرية اليابانية

العلاقات المجرية اليابانية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين المجر واليابان.
مقارنة بين البلدين
هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين:
مدن متوأمة
في ما يلي قائمة باتفاقيات التوأمة بين مدن مجرية ويابانية:
ترتبط شوبرون مع كازونو باتفاقية توأمة منذ 1987.
ترتبط بودابست مع أوساكا باتفاقية توأمة منذ 3 أغسطس 2012.
ترتبط كيكسكيميت مع آوموري باتفاقية توأمة منذ 1991.
منظمات دولية مشتركة
يشترك البلدان في عضوية مجموعة من المنظمات الدولية، منها:
أعلام
هذه قائمة لبعض الشخصيات التي تربطها علاقات بالبلدين:
نيك فازيكاس (لاعب كرة سلة أمريكي، 17 يونيو 1985 – )
وصلات خارجية
موقع وزارة الخارجية المجرية
موقع وزارة الخارجية اليابانية
مراجع
العلاقات المجرية اليابانية
علاقات المجر الثنائية
علاقات اليابان الثنائية
Magomadas

Magomadas is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about northwest of Cagliari and about north of Oristano.
Geography
Magomadas borders the following municipalities: Bosa, Flussio, Modolo, Tresnuraghes.
History
The village was presumably founded by Phoenicians. The name Macomades is born by many ancient settlements around the coast of the western Mediterranean Sea. In Hebrew, of all contemporary semitic languages the most closely related to ancient Phoenician, maqom ħadaš means "new place".
References
Cities and towns in Sardinia
الحيدات (لعويمرات)

الحيدات (لعويمرات)
الحيدات هو دُوَّار يقع بجماعة لمصابيح، إقليم آسفي، جهة مراكش آسفي في المملكة المغربية. ينتمي الدوّار لمشيخة لعويمرات التي تضم 21 دوار. يقدر عدد سكانه بـ 306 نسمة حسب الإحصاء الرسمي للسكان والسكنى لسنة 2004.
مراجع
روابط خارجية
البوابة الوطنية للجماعات الترابية
المندوبية السامية للتخطيط
أماكن مأهولة في لعويمرات (لمصابيح)
Pharaoh eagle-owl

Pharaoh eagle-owl
The Pharaoh eagle-owl (Bubo ascalaphus) is a species of owl in the family Strigidae.
It is native to Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Eritrea, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sudan, Tunisia and the United Arab Emirates.
Description
The Pharaoh eagle-owl has a mottled plumage and large orange-yellow eyes. The head and upperparts are tawny and densely marked with black and creamy-white streaks and blotches, while the underparts are pale creamy-white, with black streaks on the upper breast and fine reddish-brown vermiculations on the lower breast and belly. The face has the disc-like form typical of most owls, defined by a dark rim, the robust bill is black and hooked, and the head is crowned with small ear tufts. With a body length of , it is one of the smaller eagle-owl species. There are two recognised subspecies of the Pharaoh eagle-owl, the Pharaoh eagle-owl (B. a. ascalaphus) and the desert eagle-owl (B. a. desertorum), the latter being smaller and paler with sandier colouration.
Distribution and habitat
The Pharaoh eagle-owl is native to much of northern Africa and the Arabian peninsula. In Africa its range extends from Mauritania, Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia in the west, through Mali, Niger and Chad to Libya, Sudan and Egypt. It is also known from Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Oman, Israel, Jordan and Iraq. It is a vagrant to Senegal. Its habitat is mostly open arid country with rocky outcrops, plains, wadis and cliffs.
Behaviour and ecology
The Pharaoh eagle-owl is nocturnal and emerges at dusk to hunt over an area of about . It will feed on any small creatures it can find including mammals, birds, snakes, lizards, beetles and scorpions. It perches on an eminence and watches and listens so as to detect moving prey before swooping down on its victim.
This owl is monogamous and forms a lifelong relationship. Breeding takes place in late winter and the nest is a scrape in a crevice or among rocks. Two eggs are laid and incubated by the female for about 31 days. The chicks are fed by both parents and leave the nest at about 20 to 35 days old, but remain reliant on their parents for several more months.
Conservation
The Pharaoh eagle-owl has a very large range and is reported as being abundant in at least part of the range. It faces no particular threats, and is therefore listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List.
References
External links
Pharaoh eagle-owl
Birds of North Africa
Birds of the Middle East
Owls of Africa
Birds of the Arabian Peninsula
Pharaoh eagle-owl
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Oberstabsfeldwebel

Oberstabsfeldwebel (OStFw or OSF, ) is the highest Non-commissioned officer (NCO) rank in German Army and German Air Force. It is grouped as OR9 in NATO, equivalent to a sergeant major in the United States Army and a Warrant Officer Class 1 in the British Army. Attainment of this rank requires at least sixteen years since promotion to feldwebel and at least six years since promotion to hauptfeldwebel
In army/ air force context NCOs of this rank were formally addressed as Herr Oberstabsfeldwebel also informally / short Oberstaber.
The rank was introduced in the German Heer equivalent to the Marine grade Oberstabsbootsmann in 1955, and belongs to the grad group Unteroffiziere mit Portepee.
History
The rank is a comparatively new rank, and had not been used by any German military prior to in 1955. The Kriegsmarine, did however have a , used from 1939 to 1945.
Rank sequence
The sequence of ranks (top-down approach) in that particular group ([[Unteroffiziere mit Portepee|Senior NCOs with portepee]]) is as follows:
OR-9: Oberstabsfeldwebel / Oberstabsbootsmann
OR-8: Stabsfeldwebel / Stabsbootsmann
OR-7: Hauptfeldwebel / Hauptbootsmann
OR-6a: Oberfeldwebel / Oberbootsmann
OR-6b: Feldwebel / Bootsmann
References
Sources
BROCKHAUS, Die Enzyklopädie in 24 Bänden (1796–2001), Band 5: 3-7653-3665-3, S. 487, Definition: Oberstabsfeldwebel
BROCKHAUS, Die Enzyklopädie in 24 Bänden (1796–2001), Band 7: 3-7653-3676-9, S. 185, Oberstabsfeldwebel
Military ranks of Germany
الربيعة (حماة)

الربيعة (حماة)
الربيعة قرية في محافظة حماة في سورية. تقع غرب مدينة حماة.
مصادر
أماكن مأهولة في منطقة مركز حماة
تجمعات علوية في سوريا
قرى محافظة حماة
معتقل الهايكستب

معتقل الهايكستب
معتقل أو معسكر الهايكستب هو أحد السجون المصرية الموروثة عن فترة الاحتلال البريطاني.
يقع في ضواحي القاهرة، على طريق مصر الإسماعيلية الصحراوي.
سجن به عناصر الإخوان المسلمين بعد مشاركتهم في حرب فلسطين سنة 1948. كما عرفه السجناء اليساريون.
سجون مصر
فريدريك (ماريلاند)

فريدريك (ماريلاند)
فريدريك هي مدينة تقع في الولايات المتحدة في مقاطعة فريدريك، ميريلاند. يقدر عدد سكانها بـ 66,382 نسمة ومساحتها 59.89 كم2 وترتفع عن سطح البحر 92 متر.
التركيبة السكانية
قام مكتب تعداد الولايات المتحدة بتحديد بيانات التركيبة السكانية لفريدريك في تعداد الولايات المتحدة. في ما يلي، التركيبة السكانية حسب تعدادي 2000 و2010.
تعداد عام 2000
بلغ عدد سكان فريدريك 11 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2000، وبلغ عدد الأسر 7 أسرة وعدد العائلات 3 عائلة مقيمة في المدينة. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 7 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للمدينة بنسبة 100.00% من البيض.
وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 57.1% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، وكانت نسبة 42.9% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 42.9% من أصل جميع الأسر من أفراد ونسبة 14.3% كانوا يعيش معهم شخص وحيد يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً فما فوق. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 2.00، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 1.57.
بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 54 عاماً. ونسبة 54.5% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعون حتى الرابعة والستون، ونسبة 45.5% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستون عاماً فما فوق. يوجد لكل 100 أنثى 120.0 ذكر، ويوجد لكل 100 أنثى في الثامنة عشر من عمرها فما فوق 120.0 ذكر.
بلغ متوسط دخل الأسرة في المدينة 46,250 دولار، أما متوسط دخل العائلة فبلغ 46,250 دولار. وكان متوسط دخل الذكور 19,375 دولار مقابل 26,250 دولار للإناث. وسجل دخل الفرد الخاص بالمدينة 20,845 دولار.
تعداد عام 2010
بلغ عدد سكان فريدريك 18 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2010، وبلغ عدد الأسر 8 أسرة وعدد العائلات 6 عائلة مقيمة في المدينة. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 10 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للمدينة بنسبة 100.0% من البيض.
بلغ عدد الأسر 8 أسرة كانت نسبة 25.0% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 75.0% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، وكانت نسبة 25.0% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 25.0% من أصل جميع الأسر من أفراد ونسبة 12.5% كانوا يعيش معهم شخص وحيد يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً فما فوق. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 2.67، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 2.25.
بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 48.5 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 22.2% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 0.0% بين الثامنة عشر والأربعة وعشرون عاماً، ونسبة 22.2% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرون حتى والأربعة وأربعون عاماً، ونسبة 50.1% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعون حتى الرابعة والستون، ونسبة 5.6% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستون عاماً فما فوق. وتوزع التركيب الجنسي للسكان بنسبة 50.0% ذكور و50.0% إناث.
المدن التوأمة
مدن شيفرشتات، Aquiraz ولانداو إن در بفالتس هي مدن توأمة لـفريدريك (ماريلاند).
انظر أيضاً
قائمة مدن الولايات المتحدة
مراجع
أماكن مأهولة أسست في 1745
تأسيسات سنة 1745 في ماريلند
مدن في مقاطعة فريدريك (ميريلاند)
مدن ماريلند
مقرات المقاطعات في ماريلند
منطقة واشنطن الكبرى
الضوالع (توضيح)

الضوالع (توضيح)
قد يقصد من «الضوالع» :
الدوري الياباني لكرة القاعدة

الدوري الياباني لكرة القاعدة وإسمه هو أعلى منافسات كرة القاعدة داخل اليابان التي تعتبر الرياضة الشعبية الأولى فيها، يسمى أيضاً باسم بورو ياكيو، بدأ هذا الدوري في سنة 1950 ولا زال مستمراً حتى الآن، ويعتبر ثاني أقوى دوريات كرة القاعدة في العالم بعد دوري كرة القاعدة الأمريكي، ويعتبر فريق يوميوري جاينتس أكثر الفرق فوز به بعدما فاز به 22 مرة.
انظر أيضاً
منتخب اليابان الوطني لكرة القاعدة
الرياضة في اليابان
مراجع
تأسيسات سنة 1950 في اليابان
دوريات رياضية أسست سنة 1950
دوريات كرة قاعدة في اليابان
كرة القاعدة في اليابان
رباط درقي للسان المزماري

رباط درقي للسان المزماريأوالرباط الدرقي النخاعي هو رباط الحنجرة . وهو يربط الجزء الطويل والضيق المرفق أو الجذع من المزمار في الزاوية التي شكلتها صحيفتين اثنتين من غضاريف الغدة الدرقية ، على بعد مسافة قصيرة تحت شق الغدة الدرقية المتقدمة .
المراجع
أربطة الرأس والعنق
مقالات تتضمن نصوصا من الطبعة العشرين لكتاب تشريح جرايز (1918)
Josh Goss

Josh Goss
Joshua Goss (born August 16, 1994) is an American soccer player who plays as a midfielder. He most recently played for USL Championship team New Mexico United.
Playing career
Goss attended the University of New Mexico, appearing 67 times and scoring 2 goals for the program across four seasons. While in college, he also played one season with Burlingame Dragons FC in the USL Professional Development League.
In 2017, Goss signed with Colorado Rapids U-23, making 12 league appearances scoring 4 goals, both single-season career highs. He played with Albuquerque Sol during the 2018 season.
On February 21, 2019, Goss signed for USL Championship expansion team New Mexico United. There he operated as a squad player, appearing twice in the team's inaugural season. Goss did not return for the 2020 season, being left out of the club's final roster. As of December 13, 2020, Goss has not joined another team.
Career statistics
References
External links
Profile at University of New Mexico Athletics
1994 births
Living people
New Mexico Lobos men's soccer players
Burlingame Dragons FC players
Colorado Rapids U-23 players
Albuquerque Sol FC players
New Mexico United players
USL League Two players
USL Championship players
American men's soccer players
Men's association football midfielders
Soccer players from Albuquerque, New Mexico
هانس غوتورم

هانس غوتورم هو سياسي نرويجي، ولد في 26 يونيو 1927، وتوفي في 28 سبتمبر 2013. نشط حزبياً في حزب العمال. وقد انتخب عن دائرة وقد انضم خلال (1965 – 1969) للكتلة البرلمانية حزب العمال وانتخب عن دائرة (1989 – 1993).
مراجع
سياسيو حزب العمال (النرويج)
مواليد 1927
وفيات 2013
بانزر توتنشولا الأولى

بانزر توتنشولا الأولى (مدرسة المدرعات رقم 1) كانت المدرسة الأولى من مدرستين رئيسيتين أنشأتهما سلاح المدرعات الألماني في الحرب العالمية الثانية لتدريب ضباط الدروع الألمان على تشغيل بانزر. كان مقرها في مونستر، ساكسونيا السفلى، ألمانيا.
كانت بانزر توتنشولا "مدرسة فرعية"، حيث تم إرسال المرشحين الضباط بعد 12-16 أسبوعًا أمضوا في التدريب الأساسي، ونجحوا في الحصول على دورة مدتها 8 أسابيع في كريجشولي. قامت قوات بانزر المرتقبة في رتبة فانريش بدورة تدريبية مدتها 16 أسبوعًا تهدف إلى تعريف المرشحين الضباط بالفروق الدقيقة وعمل بانزر، وكذلك مع التكتيكات التي ستستخدم عند قيادة بانزر في الميدان.
بعد التخرج، تمت ترقية المجند إلى أوبرفينريش وأرسل تحت المراقبة الميدانية.
في يونيو 1943، تم تسليم الإصدارات الوحيدة المعروفة لرمي اللهب من شتورمجيشوتس 3 إلى المدرسة، ولكن بعد ذلك بوقت قصير دمرها حريق بدأ بواسطة قذف اللهب الخاطئ.
في أواخر عام 1943، تم تجريد المدرسة من معلميها ذوي الخبرة، الذين استخدموا لتشكيل فرقة النخبة بانزر ليهر.
لا تزال بانزر توتنشولا الأولى قيد الاستخدام اليوم، مثل متحف الدبابات الألماني مونستر.
انظر أيضا
سلاح المدرعات، غيتشولر، بانزر، فرق البانزر
هير، فيرماخت، سلاح المدرعات
بانزر توتنشولا الثانية، فرقة بانزر ليهر
بانزرتروبينشولي كاما
تيجافيبير، دليل التدريب على دبابات النمر
تعليم وتدريب عسكري في ألمانيا
وحدات وتشكيلات عسكرية في ألمانيا في الحرب العالمية الثانية
يحيى بن سليم المازني

يحيى بن سليم المازني (توفي في 61هـ/ 680 م) من الذين قاتلوا في معركة كربلاء في صف الحسين بن علي بن أبي طالب، وقُتل فيها. وهو من رجال الحديث.
مقتله
كان وهو يقاتل يقول:
انظر أيضا
معركة كربلاء
المراجع
أزديون
قتلى معركة كربلاء
وفيات 61 هـ
وفيات 680
Saadallah Howayek

Saadallah Howayek (born c. 1853) was a politician from the Ottoman period. He lived in Helta, Lebanon and served in the Administration Council for Mount Lebanon between the years 1902 and 1907.
Election to council
Franko Pasha was the governor of Mount Lebanon from 1868 to 1873. Saadallah Howayek was appointed as interim mutasarrif after Franko Pasha's office expired, while the Ottoman porte appointed a new governor. Saadallah Howayek was then elected into the Maronite Batroun seat of the Administration Council. He won his seat during the Muzaffer Pasha's (born Wladyslaw Czajkowski, from Poland, born 1843 and died 1907) rule as Mutasarrif or governor of Mount Lebanon from 1902–1907.
1910 Demonstrations
The councilors who defended this position were Saadallah Howayek (Maronite, Batrun); Khalil Akl (Maronite, Matn); Mahmoud Jumblatt (Druze, Jezzine); Mohammad Sabra (Druze, Matn); Elias Chouairi (Greek Orthodox, Matn); Youssef Baridi (Greek Catholic, Zahleh); and Mohammad Mouhsin (Shiite, Keserwan) The Sunni councilor of Jezzin, the Druze councilor of Chouf (Fouad Abd el Malak), the Maronite councilor of Jezzin, and the deputy chairman (Maronite) Qabalan Abi el Lamaa did not participate in the demonstrations this year.
Political views
Many members of the council were liberal bureaucrats committed to the cause of secular authority in the Lebanon Mountain, but there was an ongoing struggle between the liberals and the clergy for the leadership of the Maronites. Some liberals, such as Saadallah Howayek, favored close cooperation with the Maronite Church who fought against liberal Maronite bishops such as Youssef Dibs, who advocated a change in the Church's attitude toward secular authority.
Political allies and enemies
Kanaan Al Daher was elected three times between the years 1888 and 1902 as representative of North Lebanon on the Administrative Council and saadallah Howayek was one of his major supporters in those elections. Saadallah Howayek won and replaced Kanaan Al Daher in the Council in the year 1903, as Kanaan Al Daher had instead been appointed as Ka'em Makam of Keserwan. Yusuf Pasha, chairman from 1907–1912 of Mount Lebanon, even after conflict with the administration council, was left with no choice but to appoint Saadallah Howayek (the leader of the liberal councilors at that time) as deputy chairman of the Council in his final years.
Exile
Many people believed that Lebanon was the Maronite Church's ideal city. This was mainly due to the communities being separated, its population predominantly Christian, and its dependence on a major power for security. Seven councilors began to promote an alternative view of the city, but were condemned as traitors and exiled in 1920. One of the leaders of this group was Saadallah Howayek, a veteran politician, the Maronite representative of Batrun in the Council, and the patriarch's brother.
See also
The Long Peace, Ottoman Lebanon, 1861–1920, Engin Deniz Akarli, University of California Press, Berkeley · Los Angeles · Oxford
The Political History Of Zawieh, Zghorta
Lebanese Maronites
Lebanese politicians
People from the Ottoman Empire
1850s births
1915 deaths
Henry George Hughes

Henry George Hughes (10 August 1810 – 22 July 1872) was an Irish judge, politician, and third Baron of the Court of Exchequer. In 1850 he was appointed Solicitor-General for Ireland. He was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Longford in 1856.
Background and early career
He was born in Dublin, eldest son of James Hughes, solicitor, and Margaret Morton, daughter of Trevor Stannus Morton, also a solicitor. They lived on Capel Street. He went to a private school at Jervis Street, Dublin and matriculated at Trinity College Dublin in 1825, but did not proceed to a degree. He entered the King's Inns in 1830, and Gray's Inn in 1832. He was called to the Irish Bar in 1834, Queen's Counsel in 1844.
He practised at the Chancery Bar and rapidly built up a very large practice; he became renowned for his mastery of Chancery procedure, which was then very complex. His book Chancery Practice (1837) enjoyed considerable success. He was equally successful at the Inner Bar.
Political and legal career
Before entering Parliament for Longford he had stood unsuccessfully for Cavan in 1855. He was a Roman Catholic and could generally rely politically on the support of the Catholic hierarchy, although his support for the Ecclesiastical Titles Act, forbidding Roman Catholic bishops from naming episcopal sees after British cities or towns, offended some of his co-religionists.
His appointment to the Bench was well-deserved on merit, but is said to have been partly the result of the Government's policy of increasing the number of Catholic judges. The appointment of such a noted Chancery lawyer to a common law court caused some surprise, but in time he came to be recognised as one of the few lawyers who had successfully made the transition from one system of law to another.
Family
He married Sarah Isabella l'Estrange, daughter of Major Francis l'Estrange. They had two daughters, of whom Anna, the elder, married the future Lord Chief Justice of Ireland, Michael Morris, 1st Baron Killanin. His younger daughter Margaret married Edward Fitzgerald of Dublin. His wife conformed to the Church of Ireland, and their daughters were raised in that faith, though both married Catholics. He lived in Monkstown, County Dublin, and also owned property in County Longford. He died at Bray, County Wicklow in 1872, attended in his last illness by his brother James, a well-known physician.
Arms
References
1810 births
1872 deaths
Solicitors-General for Ireland
UK MPs 1852–1857
Members of Gray's Inn
Lawyers from Dublin (city)
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Longford constituencies (1801–1922)
Barons of the Irish Exchequer
Alumni of King's Inns
Politicians from Dublin (city)
Irish Queen's Counsel
Gaza–Jericho Agreement

Gaza–Jericho Agreement
The Gaza–Jericho Agreement, officially called Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area, was a follow-up treaty to the Oslo I Accord in which details of Palestinian autonomy were concluded. The agreement is commonly known as the 1994 Cairo Agreement. It was signed on 4 May 1994 by Yasser Arafat and the then Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin.
History
The Agreement provided for limited Palestinian self-rule in the West Bank and Gaza Strip within five years. Pursuant to the Agreement, Israel promised to withdraw partly from the Jericho region in the West Bank and partly from the Gaza Strip, within three weeks of signing. The Palestinian Authority was created by the Agreement (Article III, Transfer of Authority), and Yasser Arafat became the first president of the PA on 5 July 1994 upon the formal inauguration of the PA.
Other parts of the agreement were the Protocol on Economic Relations (Paris Protocol) and the establishment of the Palestinian Civil Police Force. The Paris Protocol regulates the economic relationship between Israel and the Palestinian Authority, but in effect integrates the Palestinian economy into the Israeli one.
The agreement was incorporated into and superseded by the Oslo II Accord, formally known as the Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip of 24 and 28 September 1995 (Oslo II, Article XXXI, Final Clauses).
See also
Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron
Wye River Memorandum
References
External links
Text on ProCon: 1994 Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area
Text on unispal: Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area
Israeli–Palestinian peace process
Treaties of Israel
Treaties of the State of Palestine
1994 in Israel
Treaties concluded in 1994
1994 in the Palestinian territories
Culex annulirostris

Culex annulirostris, commonly known as the common banded mosquito, is an insect native to Australia, Fiji, Micronesia, the Philippines and Indonesia. It is regarded as a serious pest species throughout its range.
Frederick Askew Skuse described the species in 1889 from specimens collected in the Blue Mountains and Berowra. The species name is derived from the Latin words annulus "ring" and rostrum "bill".
The female is a moderate-sized brown to dark brown mosquito, with a single pale prominent broad band on the middle third of its proboscis, and similar bands on its legs.
It closely resembles the female of the related Cx. sitiens. The latter species has a narrower band on its proboscis.
Breeding takes place anywhere there is standing water, from swamps and ponds to all kinds of man-made puddles—irrigation channels, bamboo stumps, cacao shells, the bottoms of canoes. The water can be clean or polluted, in sun or shade, and fresh or brackish.
Culex annulirostris mosquitoes are active between spring and late autumn. During this time they appear most commonly at dusk, though can also be active during the day and indoors. They can travel 5–10 km from their place of birth and feed on mammals and birds. Only the female feeds on blood as it needs to consume protein to help in reproducing. The male drinks nectar.
It is an important vector for a number of arboviruses, including Murray Valley encephalitis virus, Ross River virus, Barmah Forest virus, Kunjin virus and Japanese encephalitis, as well as dog heartworm and the roundworm Wuchereria bancrofti in New Guinea.
There is evidence it carries myxomatosis.
References
External links
annulirostris
Insect vectors of human pathogens
Insects described in 1889