向井 純一郎（むかい じゅんいちろう、1931年（昭和6年7月30日） - 1998年（平成10年）1月5日）は、日本の生化学者。九州大学名誉教授。学位は農学博士。専門は農芸化学。

学術研究 
昭和42年 (1967)「家蚕幼虫の核酸消化酵素に関する研究」 で農芸化学賞 を受賞する。
フリッツ・アルベルト・リップマンとの共同研究による共著論文 がある。

生涯 
応用化学者の向井參之充と英文学者の母の間に生まれる。熊本県立済々黌高等学校を卒業したのち、九州大学に入学。同大学を卒業し、大学院を修了。九州大学助教授、教授を経て、同大学名誉教授。九州大学を定年退官したのち、尚絅短期大学教授に就任するも、在職中に熊本市内で急死。

脚註

書籍（英文） 
 Enzymology of 3'-Squiggled Nucleotides, The Roots of Modern Biochemistry (1988), Fritz Lippmann's Squiggle and its Consequences

学術論文（英文） 
 The use of purified micrococcal nuclease in identifying the nucleotide terminus bearing a free 5'-monophosphate (1964)
 Species-specificity of nucleotide composition of ribonucleic acids from different silkworms (1965)
 
 An endonuclease from silkworm ? Purification and mode of action (1965)
 Further purification of micrococcal nuclease from the strain SA-B (1965)
 
 
 An improved paper chromatographic separation of four ribonucleosides, their 3′(2′)-phosphates and 3′(2′),5′-diphosphates (1966)
 Action of silkworm endonuclease on oligoribonucleotides terminating in 3′-phosphate (1967)
 Purification and properties of acid ribonucleases from posterior silk gland of silkworm (1967)
 Mode of Action and Base Specificity of a Nuclease from Silkworm (1968)
 Paper chromatography of diribonucleoside monophosphates (1968)
 A Red, Fluorescent Protein from Silkworm (1969)
 A biliprotein from the digestive juice of Bombyx Mori L. Its purification and partial structural study of the chromophore (1971)
 Use of silkworm endonuclease in sequencing larger oligonucleotides (1972)
 
 Comparison of larval and pupal alkaline endonucleases in silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (1973)
 l-Leucine, a natural inhibitor of silkworm larval nuclease (1974)
 Acceptor Specificity of ATP: Nucleoside-5'-Phosphate Pyrophosphotransferase from Streptoniyces adephospholyticus (1978)
 NAD-and FAD-3′-pyrophosphates—enzymic synthesis and inertness (1978)
 Mapping of deoxydi- and trinucleotides liberated by the action of endonucleases from the silkworm and Aspergillus oryzae (1978)
 Streptomyces nucleotide 3′-pyrophosphokinase. Synthesis of deoxynucleotide-3′-pyrophosphates and 3′-pyrophosphoryl→3′-OH transfer activity (1978)
 Guanosine-3'-diphosphate Synthesis by Nucleotide Pyrophosphokinase-Ribonuclease Reaction (1979)
 Synthesis of deoxynucleoside-5′-tri-3′-diphosphates by Streptomyces adephospholyticus ATP: Nucleotide pyrophosphokinase (1980)
 Regulatory Effects of Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleoside 5' -Di(tri)-phosphate-3'-diphosphates on Eucaryote Protein Synthesis (1981)
 Effects of purine and pyrimidine nucleoside 5′-di (tri) phosphate-3′-diphosphates on the Escherichia coli cell-free transcription and translation activity (1982)
 Guanosine 3′-Diphosphate, a Stimulant of Glucocorticoidal Tyrosine Aminotransferase Induction in Isolated Rat Liver Cells (1982)
 Several nucleoside‐3' and/or 5'‐polyphosphates stimulate β‐galactosidase induction in escherichia coli (1982)
 Enzymic synthesis and cofactor activity of 3'-pyrophospho-coenzyme A (1983)
 Enhanced Cofactor and Allosteric Effector Activity of 3′-Pyrophospho Coenzyme A and Its Acetate (1988)
 An In-One-Bottle Enzymic Preparation of 3′- Phosphoadenosine 5′-Phosphosulfate (1989)
 Streptomyces nucleotide 3′-pyrophosphokinase are insensitive to stringent control (1989)
 Gene Cloning and Enhanced Production of Streptomyces morookaensis Nucleotide 3’- Pyrophosphokinase (1989)
 
 Nucleotide 2′,3′-Cyclic Monophosphokinase Action of Streptomyces Nucleotide 3′-Pyrophosphokinase (1991)
 Alternative Synthesis of Guanosine 5'-Diphosphate 3'-Diphosphate and Adenosine 5'-Diphosphate 3'-Diphosphate from Adenosine 5'-Tetraphosphate by Streptomyces ATP Nucleotide 3'-Pyrophosphokinase Catalysis (1992)
 Expression of ATP Nucleotide 3′-Pyrophosphokinase Gene from Streptomyces in Escherichia Coli and its Effects on Host Cells (1995)
 Nucleic Acid Reacts With Methlmercury, A Causative Agent of Minamata Disease (1997)

学術論文（和文）