JICOP PATH FINDING 26 November 2008 Stephen O. Andersen US Environmental Protection Agency
– Japanese company phaseout in Thailand – Technology cooperation worldwide • Making a big difference in so many countries – Ozone officer training • Dozens of influential environmental authorities – Fast ODS phaseout in Japan – New bilateral project in south east Asia • Recover and destroy ozone-depleting greenhouse gases
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•  Japanese Government Agreed Montreal •  Japanese Companies Pledged Fast Action •  Japanese People Demanded Safe World •  JICOP & ICOLP Partners Were Path Finders •  JICOP was the Focal Point in Japan – What to do, How to do it, Incentives & Rewards •  JICOLP was the Catalyst in so Many Places – China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam….and world-wide 3
tion, consumption, and emissions of ozone-depleting OSs). ODSs are also greenhouse gases that contribute much larger if the ODS link to stratospheric ozone depletion had not been recognized in 1974 and followed by a series of regula- ODSs. The absence of ODSs in the absence off ormal climate conside anthropogenic We report here how national regulations, voluntary actions, Velders et al., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., March 2007 Stephen O. Andersen John S. Daniel David W. Fahey Guus J.M. Velders | Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency US Environmental Protection Agency National Oceanographic & Atmospheric Administration National Oceanographic & Atmospheric Administration Mack McFarland I DuPont Fluoroproducts Corporation
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Baseline ODS conditions as measured in the past and projected for the future. ODS projections for a world with no regulations from the Montreal Protocol. ODS projections for a world with no early warning by Molina and Rowland in 1974. Montreal Protocol protection of ozone
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Montreal Protocol protection of climate G. Velders et al., PNAS, 2007
The Montreal Protocol will have reduced net GWP-weighted emissions from ODSs in 2010 by 5- 6 times the reduction target of the first commitment period (2008- 2012) of the Kyoto Protocol. The Montreal Protocol will have reduced net GWP-weighted emissions from ODSs in 2010 by about 11 Gt CO₂-eq yr-¹. Protocol reduction target (1st commitment period) • Greenhouse gases: CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, HFCs, PFCs, SF₂ • Target Annex-1 parties for 2008-2012 (cf 1990): -0.97 GtCO₂-eq/yr about -5.8% • Projections for 1990-2010 (UNFCCC): +1.06 GtCO₂-eq/yr 7
The Montreal Protocol net reduction in ODS radiative forcing in 2010 will be equivalent to about 7-12 years of growth in radiative forcing of CO2 from human activities. 1.8 Wm-2 The Montreal Protocol will have reduced net radiative forcing from ODSs in 2010 by about 0.23 Wm², which is about 13% of that due to the accumulated emissions of CO2 from human activities.
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•  Lifecycle Climate Change Performance (LCCP) is the metric for environmental acceptability •  Incorporating direct and indirect emissions • Tailored to climate and consumer preference •  Appropriate for stationary & mobile applications •  Environmental authorities worldwide will regulate until best LCCP is achieved – reducing the cost of refrigeration and A/C while protecting the Earth for future generations
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� Vehicle Assumptions  Car Size  Compact [current] � Vehicle Usage & Climate Assumptions: ❖ Distance based on region    % Drive Time in Ambient during 6AM - 24PM Different for Each City ❖ Cabin Comfort -% Time with A/C ON ❖ Driving cycle based on region � Refrigerant System Assumptions: ❖ Leakages ◆ System Mass ◆ Temperature at Evaporator Outlet COP, Qe (from Bench or Vehicle tests) ◆ Condenser/Gas Cooler Air Inlet air at idle conditions Front End Air Flow Engine Cooling Fan � Environmental Assumptions: ❖   CO,-eq from refrigerant production ❖   Transportation, End-of-Life and By- Product Emissions Ambient Temperature Operation ◆ ❖   Humidity effects 11
•  Master-Minded by GM’s Dr. Stella Papasavva •  Supported by Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, SAE International, US. EPA, General Motors and dozens of global experts •  The Global Refrigerants Energy & Environmental Mobile Air Conditioning Lifecycle Climate Change Performance (GREEN-MAC-LCCP)© Model – Globally peer reviewed, sophisticated and transparent – Endorsed by environmental authorities and NGOs – Available on the US EPA website: http://epa.gov/cppd/mac/compare.htm
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Fuel efficiency is the key to LCCP of systems using low-GWP refrigerants like  HFC-1234yf
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• Japanese experts on technology assessments – Taking best Japanese technology worldwide – Bringing best ideas back to Japan – Knowing what to do, when, and how • Japanese leadership at overseas factories – Thailand CFC refrigerator phaseout – Vietnam leadership pledge •  Japanese influence on Montreal Protocol – Amendments & Adjustments, Essential Use Exemptions, HCFCs as transition substitutes, Accelerated HCFC phaseout, collect & destroy 14
•  Japanese companies supported experts •  MITI, ME, & companies supported JICOP • Japanese bilateral projects financed under the Multilateral Fund from Japanese Contributions • Japanese companies move ahead on phaseout of high-GWP HFCs
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•  Billions of dollars pledged by Japan to developing countries for climate protection or paid for carbon off-sets would be better spent if managed by Japanese company experts transforming markets where Japan has global technology leadership. • JICOP can be financed to organize Japanese companies to provide this essential contribution to making the world safe for future generations 16
• The most energy-efficient Japanese products •  Simulated by “top runner” incentives •  Capturing and keeping global markets • Rewarding continuous improvement and a passion for excellence •  Earning global appreciation for Japanese engineering, quality, ownership affordability, and environmental sustainability
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•  Government and Corporate Finance JICOP to expand climate activities •  Concentrate first on HFCs – Small charge with near-zero emissions – Proper service, recovery & recycle & destruction – Transition to low-GWP HFCs & natural refrigerants – Not-in-kind thermal insulation • Use ozone champions to train new cadre of Japanese experts to protect the climate • Do amazing things to put JICOP in the news 18
Dr Stephen O. Andersen, Director, Mobile Air Conditioning Climate Protection Partnership, US EPA + 1 202 343 9069 Andersen.Stephen@epa.gov Kristen N. Taddonio, Manager, Mobile Air Conditioning Climate Protection Partnership, US EPA +1 202 343 9234 Taddonio.Kristen@epa.gov
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