DAY 2 (Thursday, October 11)

Video message from Shinzo Abe,
the Prime Minister of Japan

Video message from Hiroshige Seko,
Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry

Cool Capitalism

Mobility Transition

Environmental Initiatives of Mitsubishi Electric Corporation

Inclusive Action towards a Net-zero Emissions Future

Circular Economy

loT for CO 2 Reduction

Hydrogen

Growing Renewable Energy and Grid Stabilisation

Decarbonisation by Industrial Sector

Renewable Microgrid and Energy Access

Small Modular Reactor for Nuclear

CCUS

SDGs for Business Activity

Smart Consumers

Fintech for Climate Change

Biorefinery

O Remarks

ICEF 2018 Statement from the Steering Committee
1. Introduction
October 11, 2018 The fifth annual meeting of the Innovation for Cool Earth Forum (ICEF 2018) was held in Tokyo on October 10 and 11. The theme of this year’ s forum was “Driving Green Innovation.” More than 1,000 people from government institutions, international organizations, industry, and academia from approximately 70 countries and regions participated in the event. According to the ICEF Steering Committee, our mission is to facilitate discussion and encourage the cooperation among participants in order to promote technological and social innovation in the energy and environmental fields so as to reaffirm our ultimate goal of achieving net-zero CO. emissions. This ultimate goal cannot be achieved in the near future, but first steps and actions need to be taken today. This following statement summarizes what kind of actions should be taken with high priority.
2. Realization of a virtuous cycle of climate change countermeasures and economic growth
In order to achieve the net-zero goal, total CO ⁄ emissions must begin decreasing as soon as possible. However, worldwide emissions of carbon dioxide have not yet started to decline but are still rising. Under such circumstances, a combination of climate change countermeasures and economic growth is required. In recent years, there has been much activity by making use of corporate and investor-led financial innovation, largely centered on renewable energy. For example, the flow of global funds such as environment, social, and governance (ESG) investments and green bonds is expanding greatly. In addition, climate change countermeasures are no longer costs but are now considered to be a stimulus for economic growth. In fact, there has been a change of worldwide trend which reflects recommendation by Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) based on G20's request. As such, financial and investment institutions (as well as various industry sectors) are beginning to promote business-led innovation. Furthermore, future energy savings will be possible with the spread of electrified vehicles and shared economy in the mobility field. The involvement of independent parties such as local governments and individual companies is also increasing, generating opportunities to scale up such advanced approaches. During ICEF 2018, these topics were taken up in plenary sessions. In addition, a total of 12 directions of innovations—six from social fields and six from technical fields—were chosen and discussed in concurrent sessions as following.
3. Toward social innovation
- Movement toward establishing sustainability at the core of business activities is progressing in order to pursue the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) specified in the United Nations "2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development." There are multiple co-benefits to achieving SDGs targets from CO 2 reduction. - New business concepts such as "product as a service" have been actively introduced aiming to lead to economic activities not depending on resource consumption. A circular economy is also attracting attention as a possible measure for CO  reduction through a transition to economic activities less dependent on resource consumption. - By aggregating and networking power generation and storage devices and optimally controlling them according to demand, microgrids have the potential to contribute to a massive introduction of renewable energy in harmony with existing grids. There is a movement to address the energy access problem by disseminating microgrids with renewables as a form of a distributed power supply. - Companies are investigating how to change consumer behavior through innovation without sacrificing economic growth in order to reduce consumption-based CO 2 . - Proper application of FinTech is leading to developments in climate change countermeasures that utilize smartphone transaction applications and financial platforms, movements in renewable energy expansion, and applications of block chain technology. - There are emerging trends to reduce COわemissions not only through manufacturing processes but also through the spread of eco-friendly products across national borders.
4. Toward technological innovation
- Reductions in CO λ emissions are being carried out through energy-saving processes, digitalization, and other loT functions. - Solutions are being sought for possible problems in power grid operation caused by the transition to renewable energies for power generation. - Various problems pertaining to the production, storage, transportation, and utilization of hydrogen are expected to be solved as part of efforts to increase its use as an energy source. - Along with renewable energy and hydrogen, nuclear is feasible CO;-free power source that has the potential to contribute considerable reduction of CO c emission. Further development of small modular reactor (SMR) is underway and it is one of the leading candidates having a possibility to produce CO₂-free energy. - There is an expectation concerning an increasing use of biorefinery technologies for manufacturing chemical products and fuel from biomass resources. - Further development of CO: capture from industry and air, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology has the potential to make a big contribution to the reduction of CO: emissions. CCUS is an effective, transitional technology to reduce CO: emissions and to support energy security and diversity in power generation.
5. Key actions
Industry, government, academia, and investors must come together to realize and promote innovation and create businesses using innovation by facilitating research and development and investment under international collaborative frameworks. In this regard, the private sector should continue to play an active and central role. In order for the private sector to fully commercialize innovation and make it widely available, it is recommended that government and the industrial sector carry out the following key actions that are needed for the future with unprecedented urgency. Action 1. Inspire investment in technology, products, and services for green growth - Government should promote the industrial sector in visualizing the contributions and strengths of company climate change countermeasures in consideration of the key metrics to manage climate-related risks and opportunities as well as, if necessary, the internal carbon pricing. This will promote dialogue between manufacturing and service companies and the financial and investment sectors as proposed by TCFD. - Government and the industrial sector should encourage the private sector to change consumer behavior for the establishment of a social mechanism that funds technology, products, and services that contribute to green growth. In such cases, it will be beneficial to explore consumer behavioral change using advanced behavioral science and technologies. - Government and the industrial sector should encourage the private sector to establish sustainable business models that will further promote the inflow of investors. Investors should support efforts for sustainable growth to realize SDGs. Action 2. Involve industry and consumers in accelerating technologies and innovation for decarbonisation - The industrial sector should pursue every possibility in terms of decarbonisation technologies including electrified mobility, distributed power supplies, SMR, biorefineries, and CCUS as well as in terms of utilization of feasible CO>-free power source such as renewable energy, hydrogen and nuclear. - The industrial sector should utilize digital technologies such as loT to further reduce CO - emissions. In addition, government and the industrial sector should solve institutional issues such as cyber security. - Based on the fact that the spread of advanced technologies can influence consumer behavior, government and the industrial sector should help the private sector create products and services that will encourage environmentally friendly consumer behavior. Action 3. Internationalize cooperative efforts for deploying innovation outcomes - Government and the industrial sector should enhance worldwide cooperation to promote the introduction of market scheme for low-carbon society systems and removal of legal barriers. - Government and the industrial sector should utilize the SDGs framework based on the premise of collaboration with various stakeholders inside and outside of a country. - Government should establish a mechanism to disseminate the outcome of corporate-driven green innovations to society. - The industrial sector should reduce global COدemissions by promoting not only manufacturing processes with less emissions but also spreading eco-products across national borders so as to decarbonise through the global value chain. In addition, the industrial sector should consider the mitigation of short-lived climate pollutants such as black carbon. - Governments and the industrial sector and investors should encourage private companies to promote their superior environmental technology developments in consideration of changes in worldwide trend such as caused by TCFD recommendations.
"Top 10 Innovations" is an event to select the most notable recent innovative developments in energy and climate change mitigation. This year, 28 nominees from 2 categories, "Technology foreseen by 2050" and "Business model transformation" were selected by the Top 10 working group according to the following criteria: 1) Technological innovativeness and 2) CO 3 emissions reduction potential for “Technology foreseen by 2050,” and 1) Market impact potential, 2) Completeness of business model and 3) Uniqueness for “Business model transformation”. Ultimately, Top 10 innovations were selected through votes by ICEF 2018 participants. The winners are the following: Categasy   Technology foreseen by 2050 New materials for photocatalysts to produce hydrogen Organization  Osaka University Currently, only ultraviolet (UV) region of solar light can be harvested by catalysts to produce hydrogen, resulting in a very low rate of conversion (only a few percentage points). Researchers at Osaka University have developed a broadband solar response photocatalyst which can harvest not only UV but also visible light and near-infrared region for energy to produce hydrogen, consisting of gold nanoparticles, lanthanum, titanium and oxygen, (Au/LaِTiِOِ) sensitized with black phosphorus. This technology could be one significant step towards direct conversion of sunlight into hydrogen. Chegesy  Technology foreseen by 2050 Advanced small modular reactor (aSMR) Organization | Advanced Reactor Concepts, LLC. An advanced small module reactor (aSMR) will be deployed in a Canadian province pursuing the establishment of a center of excellence for advanced SMR products. The project is also expected to provide a nuclear supply chain created in the province. The aSMR named ARC-100 is a 100 MWe sodium-cooled, fast flux, pool-type reactor with metallic fuel that builds upon the 30-year successful operation of the EBR-II reactor. Waste created by light-water reactors can be used as fuel, offering a solution to the problem of nuclear waste. Furthermore, its passive safety system prevents meltdowns of the reactor, even in the case of a complete loss of power. Category | Technology foreseen by 2 Turning carbon dioxide into concrete University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and CO-Concrete, LLC UCLA researchers have developed a technology that turns carbon dioxide (CO ) emissions into CO x Concrete™, a replacement for traditional concrete, although with a much lower CO 2 footprint. The technology demonstrates energy efficiency and scalability since (a) it directly utilizes CO x from flue gases without a need for carbon capture, (b) it operates at ambient temperature and pressure and does not need extrinsic energy, and, (c) it does not use ordinary portland cement (OPC), which is CO 2 and energy intensive. Categsy   Technology foreseen by 2050 High efficiency ammonia synthesis from water and nitrogen Organization    Giner Inc., Newton, MA Ammonia is produced today by Haber-Bosch method, which is energy and emissions-intensive (1.7t-CO)./t-NH,). A group of advanced membrane / catalyst components are being developed, enabling ammonia to be produced by water, nitrogen and renewable electricity. There are two merits for this innovation. The first is that the temperature and pressure are much lower than conventional methods, leading to improved overall energy efficiency. The second merit of innovation is the opportunity to utilize renewable electricity, allowing for reduced CO 2 emission. Category   Technology foreseen by 2050 Capture and conversion of atmospheric CO 2 into carbon nanotubes Organization | C2CNT LLC This new method developed by researchers at the George Washington University is not only used for sequestering carbon directly from the atmosphere or from the stack, but also produces a valuable product, carbon nanotube (CNT), whose strength, conductivity, flexibility and durability are expected to have applications including capacitors, Li-ion batteries, lighter-weight structural materials. However, the use of CNT, the strongest material known is limited to date,  hindered by high production costs, which means that producing CNTs inexpensively by C2CNT's proprietary new method can be a notable achievement. Category  Technology foreseen by 2050 Development of a new, low combustible electrolyte for lithium ion batteries Hitachi and the Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials of Tohoku University A new electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries that have low combustibility (with a flash point about 100°C higher than conventional organic electrolyte solutions, whose flash point is about 20°C) have been developed. In addition, it was calculated that conventional lithium ion conductivity is expected to increase fourfold. This increases safety of lithium-ion batteries, while also increasing capacity and energy density. This is an important development for expanding the use of lithium ion batteries in stationary (e.g. homes) and mobile applications. Additional benefit would be reduced reinforcements and cooling mechanisms to address safety, which can drive down the price. Cregosy  Technology foreseen by 2050 The world's first 100 kW class demonstration test of ocean current power generation Organization | NEDO, IHI Corporation The world's first 100 kW class ocean-current power generation demonstration was conducted. This demonstration test was conducted using the Kuroshio Current in the waters off the coast of Kuchinoshima, Toshima, Kagoshima Prefecture. NEDO expects ocean-current energy to be a promising source renewable energy resource due to its large energy content and low fluctuations, and expects it to be applied especially on isolated islands. Using the results of this demonstration, IHI Corporation will evaluate its generation performances and control systems, with the goal of application of a subsea floating-type ocean-current power generation system, which can effectively and economically utilizes ocean current energy after the year 2020. Corsory Business model transformation
Delivering 100 MW
storage within 100 days
Organization  Tesla, Inc.
In 2016, South Australia experienced a statewide blackout. Tesla CEO Elon Musk placed a wager to install a 100 MW battery system within 100 days to solve South Australia's power crisis, or the system would be free. The 100 MW (129 MWh) Powerpack system was connected to a 309 MW wind farm and was installed well ahead of schedule. The system will deliver electricity during peak hours to prevent blackouts and increase grid reliability that will accelerate the expansion of renewable energy. Furthermore, it enabled Neoen, the owner of the wind farm, to take advantage of the fluctuation in energy prices of the region and to maximize its profits. Casgory  Business model transformation Converting waste heat into electricity
Organization | Climeon
Climeon provides technology that converts low temperature waste heat from industries and geothermal heat into electricity. It uses the temperature difference between hot and cold water to produce clean electricity. The system operates at low pressure, which enables a more compact and modular design. Each module generates 150 kW with a small footprint and requires only three connections including a hot source, a cold source and a power connection. These modules can be connected in a way that scales the system from 150 kW to 50 MW. The efficiency of the system can be as much as twice as that of other low temperature solutions. Cassory Business model transformation The world's first hydrogen-powered train
Organization   Alstom
The world's first hydrogen fuel cell passenger train has entered commercial service in Germany. Running on hydrogen, the train is equipped with clean energy conversion, flexible energy storage in batteries, and smart management of traction power. The vehicle is emission-free, with low levels of noise, and only exhausting steam and condensed water. In the future, Alstom aims to support hydrogen production from renewable energy. Train fuel can be a viable entry point for utilization of hydrogen fuel in the transportation sector. The innovation serves as a major step towards cleaner mobility.
ICEF develops roadmaps on how key innovative technologies can contribute to a transition to clean energy. At the side event on the ICEF2018 Roadmap, the draft version of roadmap on Direct Air Capture (DAC) of Carbon Dioxide was presented. Dr. Etsushi Kato, Vice Director of the Research and Development Division, The Institute of Applied Energy (IAE), presented the scientific understanding of the global carbon cycle, the disturbance caused by anthropogenic CO: emissions, and the requirements and limitations of Negative Emissions Technologies (NETs) as an introduction. Following the talk, Mr. David Sandalow, Inaugural Fellow, Center on Global Energy Policy, Columbia University, and Dr. Julio Friedmann, Distinguished Associate, Energy Futures Initiative, presented the key messages of the draft roadmap. The history of DAC technologies was explained as consisting of small-scale application on space missions and submarines; however, the confronting scale of the technologies needed now in climate mitigation, particularly on the 1.5 degrees C target, was highlighted. Starting with emphasizing the existing DAC technologies, their benefits compared to other NETs in terms of scale of water and land footprint were discussed. R&D on scale-up, cost reduction and improvement of performance were explained. Finally, the presenters discussed the importance of policy measures to promote them, and the opportunities through long-term commitments in markets in R&D programs, innovation and public-private partnerships. During the open floor discussions, views on the possible pathways on cost reduction and the policy support needed for development of these technologies looking toward 2030 were exchanged among the speakers and the audience. This draft was revised to reflect the comments received at ICEF, and the definitive version was presented at an event at COP24.
Side Events
Digitalization and the Transformation of Cities and Communities
Prof. Michael Joseph Kelly, University of Cambridge, gave a presentation on “IT, Infrastructure and the Energising of Megacities of the Future.” He emphasized that fossil fuel and nuclear fuel would be needed in energising megacities where electrification and “electronification” were developing, while pointing out the development of three-dimensional lifts and automated logistics. Mr. Theo Blackwell, Chief Digital Officer, London City, gave a presentation on “Making London the World’s Smartest City." He introduced the importance of data sharing and data collaboration, and of creating open libraries for micro actions. After that, the two presenters discussed with Prof. Vaclav Smil, Distinguished Professor Emeritus, University of Manitoba, such topics as the scarcity of storage capacity when a renewable-dominant system is disrupted, and transport issues, including the possible problems related to autonomous vehicles. Also, it was highlighted that a larger city would need to improve the connectivity between itself and universities.
IPCC Special Report Global Warming of 1.5°C
Dr. Thelma Krug, Vice-Chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), introduced the new findings in the IPCC special report. E.g. 1) If the world continues to warm at the present rate, global warming of 1.5° C will be reached in the period between 2030 and 2052. However, it is still possible to limit global warming at 1.5° C and this would require changes on an unprecedented scale. 2) The use of a wide range of technologies is critical. This includes CO: removal technologies such as large-scale reforestation, large-scale bioenergy with CCS, and technologies that are still not mature enough or have yet to be proven on a large scale.
Nobuo Tanaka (Chair) Chairman, The Sasakawa Peace Foundation Former Executive Director, International Energy Agency (IEA) Japan Georg Erdmann Professor, Berlin University of Technology Member of the independent Expert group “Energy for the Future" consulting the Federal Government on the German Energy Transformation Germany
Reiko Kuroda
Professor, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science Professor Emeritus, The University of Tokyo Ambassador, Women's Initiative in Developing STEM Career (WINDS), Ministry of Foreign Affairs Japan Richard K. Lester Associate Provost, Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States Sally M. Benson Professor, Department of Energy Resources Engineering, School of Earth, Energy & Environmental Sciences, Stanford University Director, Global Climate and Energy Project, Stanford University Co-Director, Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University United States Eija-Riitta Korhola Delegate of the Consultative Commission on Industrial Change Adviser in the EU Affairs Finland Hoesung Lee Chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Endowed Chair Professor, Graduate School of Energy and Environment, Korea University Republic of Korea
Ajay Mathur
Director General, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) Member of the Prime Minister's Council on Climate Change India Jon Moore Chief Executive Officer, Bloomberg New Energy Finance United Kingdom Valli Moosa Former Minister for Environmental Affairs and Tourism Republic of South Africa Nebojsa Nakicenovic Deputy Director General and Deputy CEO, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Professor Emeritus, Vienna University of Technology (TU WIEN) Austria David Sandalow Inaugural Fellow, Center on Global Energy Policy, Columbia University Co-Director, Energy and Environment Concentration, School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University United States Ismail Serageldin Founding Director Emeritus, Library of Alexandria Egypt Vaclav Smil Distinguished Professor Emeritus, University of Manitoba Canada Kenji Yamaji Director-General, Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE) Professor Emeritus, The University of Tokyo Japan Laurence Tubiana CEO, European Climate Foundation (ECF) Chair of the Board of Governors, French Development Agency (AFD) Professor, Sciences Po Paris France
Itaru Yasui
Honorary Adviser, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE) Emeritus Professor, The University of Tokyo Japan ICEF 2019 Save the Date 6th Annual Meeting OCTOBER 9-10 2019 TOKYO Follow us on LinkedIn www.linkedin.com/company/icef-forum-tokyo/