Writing Section
ライティングセクションの解答時間は、会話音声のリスニングと文書のリーディングを含めて80分です。 Instructions There are three questions in the writing section. Question 1 is based on a recorded conversation. Listen and answer the question. The recorded conversation starts three minutes after the test begins. When you finish Question 1, you can move directly on to the other questions. Question 2 is based on the article provided. You will read and summarize it. In Question 3, write your opinion on the topic referring to the recorded conversation and the article.
Question 1
Listen to the recorded conversation and explain the problems being discussed in approximately 100 words in English. The recorded conversation will be played only once. You can take notes while listening on the extra paper provided.
Question 2
Summarize the following article in approximately 200 words in English. You are required to write it in your own words. Do not copy any sentences from the article.
[Article]
In May 2023, the Writers Guild of America (WGA) began a massive strike in California, USA, with one of the controversial issues being restrictions on the use of ChatGPT, an AI-powered natural language processing tool. This event shed light on the growing impact of AI, particularly ChatGPT, and its potential to shape our society in the future. Let's explore the implications of this technology by examining its effects in Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In Japan, ChatGPT has gained significant attention due to its convenience and potential to reduce burdens on government officials. "We want to use various kinds of AI to promote reforms in work practices" at central government offices and agencies, Digital Minister Taro Kono said. By employing ChatGPT in parliamentary settings, the aim is to reduce the workload of officials who typically spend substantial time preparing answers. Furthermore, this technology holds promise for organising the collection, reading, and summarisation of vast amounts of material, a task that consumes considerable time in government, business, research, and education sectors. Through its ability to quickly generate responses and insights, ChatGPT can revolutionise these fields and enhance efficiency. Nevertheless, concerns have been raised about ChatGPT, leading to discussions on temporarily suspending its development. One significant issue revolves around the copyright of creative works, such as scripts, drawings, paintings, and videos. AI has the capacity to integrate texts, designs, and videos created by individuals over their lifetimes, effectively combining them into a vast database. It can then utilise this data to generate novel answers to questions posed to it. By altering the form or style of the imported data, Al can claim that it is not engaging in data theft or copyright violations. This presents legal and ethical questions regarding the ownership and rightful usage of creative content. Additionally, there are concerns regarding the educational implications of advanced Al technologies like ChatGPT. If AI can effortlessly solve complex or highly advanced questions, it raises questions about the future of learning and the necessity of memorising vast amounts of information. As access to AI becomes more common, individuals may rely on it for instant answers, potentially reducing the need for traditional forms of knowledge acquisition. This poses a fundamental question for educators: What should be taught in schools if AI can provide easy access to information? The emergence of ChatGPT not only raises industry-specific concerns but also invites us to think about deeper philosophical issues. It prompts us to reflect on the meaning of “creativity” and the role of human innovation in an increasingly Al-driven world. Likewise, it challenges our understanding of learning, the purpose it serves in our lives, and our hopes and desires. Is a convenient and effortless life the goal of human fulfilment? How do we define our happiness and purpose in a world shaped by highly intelligent technology? These questions confront us as we navigate this critical point in history, similar to the transformative impact of the Industrial Revolution. Examining the impact of ChatGPT in various countries highlights the far-reaching consequences of AI in shaping society. While it offers undeniable benefits in terms of efficiency and convenience, it also raises ethical concerns and requires critical reflection on the nature of creativity, education, and human fulfilment. As we navigate the future, it is crucial to balance AI's potential and the preservation of the distinct qualities that define us as humans. Only by approaching these advancements with thoughtful consideration and comprehensive policies can we ensure a future where AI serves as a trigger for progress while safeguarding our core values and aspirations. In the United Kingdom, ChatGPT has been making waves in various sectors, including customer service and healthcare. Companies are employing AI-powered chatbots to interact with customers, provide instant support, and handle inquiries. This not only improves efficiency and reduces costs but also enhances the overall customer experience. Al chatbots can analyse vast amounts of data and respond to customer questions in a timely and personalised manner, offering recommendations, troubleshooting assistance, and even processing transactions. The widespread adoption of ChatGPT in customer service has revolutionised the way businesses engage with their clients, allowing for round-the-clock support and tailored interactions. In the field of healthcare, AI technologies, including ChatGPT, are transforming patient care and medical research. ChatGPT can assist healthcare professionals in analysing medical records and symptoms, helping to diagnose illnesses and recommend appropriate treatment plans. Additionally, Al-powered virtual assistants can offer patients information, guidance, and support, contributing to improved healthcare outcomes and accessibility. Moreover, researchers can utilise ChatGPT to search through vast medical literature, identify patterns, and generate insights to advance medical knowledge and accelerate discoveries. However, as with any transformative technology, there are concerns that arise alongside its benefits. In the United Kingdom, one of the major challenges associated with ChatGPT is data privacy and security. Al systems often require access to extensive datasets to train and operate effectively. This raises questions about how personal data is handled, stored, and protected requiring powerful regulations and safeguards to ensure the responsible use of AI technologies. Moving to the United States, the impact of ChatGPT is diverse and far-reaching. Beyond its influence on customer service and healthcare, ChatGPT is shaping various industries, including journalism, content creation, and legal research. News organisations are utilising AI to automate news writing, generating articles and reports based on data inputs. While this offers the advantage of faster news distribution, there are concerns about the potential for bias, lack of human editorial oversight, and the preservation of journalistic honesty. Similarly, content creators, such as writers, artists, and musicians, are exploring the creative potential of ChatGPT. Al-generated art, literature, and music are gaining recognition and blurring the boundaries between human and machine creation. This raises questions about the nature of artistry, authorship, and originality. How do we define and protect the rights of human creators when AI can mimic their style and produce similar works? In the legal field, ChatGPT is transforming the way legal research is conducted. Al-powered systems can analyse vast legal databases, identify relevant cases, and assist in drafting legal documents. This has the potential to simplify legal processes, increase efficiency, and reduce costs. However, concerns arise regarding the reliance on AI for critical legal tasks, the potential for errors or biases and the ethical implications of passing human judgment to machines. As AI technologies continue to evolve, the impact of ChatGPT on society will undoubtedly grow in both positive and challenging ways. It is crucial to address these challenges through comprehensive regulations, ethical frameworks, and ongoing dialogue between participants. Striking a balance between harnessing the potential of AI for progress and addressing the ethical, legal, and societal implications will be critical in shaping a future where AI serves humanity's best interests.
Question 3
Write your opinion about ChatGPT including your own experiences and referring to the recorded conversation and the article. Do not copy any sentences from the article and write approximately 300 words in English.
[Recorded conversation]
実際の試験では、音声のスクリプト（台本）は問題用紙等には印刷されておらず、会場のスピーカーから音声が再生されます。 Conversation between your classmates. Sue: Hi Ken, have you heard that our classmate Masaki has won a college award for the best research essay? Ken: That’s great! Sue: No, it isn't, actually. It may be just a rumour, but I heard that he used AI to write the essay. Ken: Al? Sue: Yes. You know ChatGPT? We can just choose the topic, add some related words and concepts, and it will create an academic essay for us. Ken: I don't know what to say, but I guess whether it is seen as cheating or not depends on how much he used AI. Sue: Yeah, defining the line is difficult! My friend Mariam wrote a report for the final assignment of her science class. She did it on her own, but her teacher thought that she had used AI, and she failed the course. Ken: That’s terrible. Did she complain to her teacher? Sue: Yes, she did. She showed the evidence that she did it on her own to him, and he finally admitted his mistake and apologized for it. Ken: Al is a new technology, so there are going to be a lot of problems. Sue: That's true, but it doesn't mean we should ban its use, or stop its development. Ken: Why not? Sue: Because human history has shown that whenever a new technology is introduced, problems arise. But we always adapt and can enjoy its benefits while trying to manage the problems. Ken: I agree!
Speaking Section
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Question 1
How will AI change our society after 10 years? State your opinion with some concrete reasons and examples.
Question 2
What abilities or skills do you think are important in this AI age? State your opinion with some concrete reasons and examples.