INTRODUCTION
A. IONOSPHERE
Range spread present.
Characteristics of Ionosphere
a.
Symbols
b.
(iii) Description of Types of Es

q R Measurement influenced by, or impossible because of, attenuation in the vicinity of a  critical frequency. Measurement influenced by, or impossible because of, interference or atmospherics. Value determined by a sequence of obser- vations, the actual observation being inconsistent or doubtful. Forked trace which may influence the meas- urement. Measurement influenced or impossible be¬ range cause the echo lies outside the height recorded. Measurement  refers to  the   extraordinary component. Lacuna phenomena, severe layer tilt. Third magneto-electronic component present. Qualifying Letters The following letters are entered in the first Ionospheric observations are carried out at five stations in Japan by means of vertical sounding method. The published data consist of tabulations of hourly val- ues of the ionospheric characteristics and figures of daily f -plot. All symbols and terminology in the tables or figures of ionospheric data are used in accordance with the "URSI Handbook of Ionogram Interpretation and Reduction (Sec- ond Edition) 1972". S T V W Top frequency of spread F trace Ordinary wave critical frequency for the P2 , P1 , E and Es including particle £ layers respectively x Y Z of the Es Blanketing  frequency the lowest ordinary wave layer, e.g. frequency visible through   Es Lowest frequency which shows ver- tical ionospheric reflections Maximum usable  frequency  factor for a  path of  3000 km  for  transmission by F2  and F1 layers respectively Minimum virtual height on the ordi- nary wave for the F2 , whole F, F and  Es layers respectively (if ) A column before a numerical value on the monthly tabulation sheets. Used only when fbEs is deduced Less than. from fos because total blanketing of higher lay¬ er is present. D Greater than. E Less than. Missing value has been replaced by an in¬ I terpolated value. Ordinary component characteristic deduced J from the extraordinary component. M Mode interpretation uncertain. Extraordinary component characteristic de¬ O duced from the ordinary component. (Used for x-characteristics only.) Value determined by a sequence of observa- T tions, the actual observation being  inconsistent or doubtful. U Uncertain or doubtful numerical value. Measurement deduced from the third  mag- Z neto-electronic component. M(3000)F2 M(30001F1 See below A. b. (iii) Descriptive Letters (1) The following letters are entered after, or used to replace a numerical value  on the monthly tabulation sheets. Measurement influenced by, or impossible A because of, the presence of a lower thin layer, for example Es. B Measurement influenced by, or impossible because of, absorption in the vicinity of finin. C Measurement influenced by, or impossible because of, any non-ionospheric reason. D Measurement influenced by, or  impossible because of, the upper limit of the normal fre- quency range in use. E Measurement influenced by, or impossible because of, the lower limit of the normal frequen- cy range in use. F Measurement influenced by, or impossible because of, the presence of spread echoes. G Measurement influenced  or  impossible  be- cause the ionization density of the layer is too small to enable it to be made accurately. Measurement influenced by, or impossible H because of, the presence of a stratification. K Presence of particle 5 layer. L Measurement influenced or impossible  be- cause the trace has no sufficiently definite cusp between layers. M Interpretation of measurement questionable because the ordinary and extraordinary compone- nts are not distinguishable. N Conditions are such that the measurement cannot be interpreted. O Measurement refers to the ordinary compo- nent. P Man-made perturebation of parameters-Pre- sence of polar spure traces. When more than one type of Es trace is present on the ionogram, the type for the trace used to de¬ termine foEs must be written first. The number  of multiple traces is indicated after the type letter. The types are: r An Es  trace which shows no appreciable increase of height with frequency. ! A flat Es trace at or below normal E layer minimum virtual height or below the particle g layer minimum virtual height. An Es trace showing a relatively symmetri- c cal cusp at or below foë. (Usually a daytime type. ) h An Es trace showing a  discontinuity in height with the normal g layer trace at or above fos. The cusp is not symmetrical, the low frequency end of the Es trace lying  clearly above the high frequency end of the normal & trace. (Usually a daytime type. ) An  s trace which is diffuse  and   non-blan- q keting over a wide frequency range. An Es trace showing an increase in virtual T to height at the high frequency end  similar group retardation. flat or An Es trace having a well-defined a gradually rising lower edge with stratified and fxl for2 for1 foë foEs fbee fmin h 'F2 h ' F Types of  58

B. SOLAR RADIO EMISSION
C. RADIO  PROPAGATION
Outstanding Occurrences
b.
Measurement of H.F.  Field Strength
R.

Type  is denoted by numerical code and letter symbol. in parallel as follows: diffuse traces present above it. with A diffuse Es trace which rises steadily type frequency and usually emerges from another Es _trace. A weak diffuse trace at heights below 95 km associated with high absorption and large fmin. Ka The designation 'n' is used to denote an the trace which cannot be  classified into one  of standard types. The designation k  is used to show the pres¬ ence of particle s. When foss fos (particle s ) the Es type precedes k. SGD Cord c. Median count (CNT) is the number of values from which a median has been computed. In addition to numerical values, the count may include certain descriptive letters. Median (MED) of a set of numbers is the middle value when the numbers are arranged in order of magnitude, or the average of the two middle values if there is an even num- ber of values. Upper quartile (UQ) is the median value of the upper half of the values when they are ranked according to mag¬ nitude; the lover quartile (LQ) is the median value of the lower half. Solar radio observations are carried out on 100, 200 and 500 MHz at Hiraiso.  Observation equipments are: a 5 meter parabolic reflector with a total-power receiver for 500 MHz and a 10 meter parabolic reflector with two polarimeters for 100 and 200 MHz. Observations are feasible almost from sunrise to sunset. Time is expressed in hours, minutes and tenths of  min¬ Hz- utes U. T. and the unit of flux density is 10-22 Wm -2 for both components of polarization. All symbols and terminology in the table of data are used in accordance with the "Descriptive Text of Solar- "Instruction Manual Month- Geophysical Data, NOAA" and ly Report for Solar Radio Emission, WDC-C2". Daily Data a. Flux density is the increase of flux over the level at which daily flux is calculated, or the increase  of flux  over the underlying burst when the event is superposed on an¬ Polarisation is expressed by the polarization degree and sence as follows: The three-hourly and daily mean values Flux density. are given. The three-hourly and  daily mean values Variability. are given at 200 MHz only. Variability is expressed in the following four grades. 0 quiet or no burst, 1 a few bursts, 2 many bursts, 3 very many bursts. The number of bursts exceeding the mean flux level is counted. Daily data with parenthesis mean that observation time does not exceed one third of the period. R or L right- or left-handed polarization, W, M or S weak, moderate or strong polarization, o almost zero or unable to detect polariza¬ tion deu to small increase of flux. 00 polarization degree of less than 1 percent. The following symbols may be attached after numerical values in table, if necessary. greater than, or later than, less than, or earlier than, approximate, or uncertain. The phenomena are picked up on the following   criteria: 1. distinct from the prevailing kind of activity, correlated with other known solar phenomena, 2: remarkable change-over from one situation to an¬ 3: other. Field strength observation of 15 MHz standard  waves transmitted from WWV and , WWVH stations which  are located respectively at Fort Collins, Colorado and Kauai, Hawaii, is carried out at Hiraiso. In order to avoid  inter- ference among the same frequency waves, the upper side- band of WWV or WWVH with the audio tone 600 Hz  is picked up by the use of a narrow band pass filter with 80 Hz band width. Particulars of the transmitters and the receiver are summarized in the following table. other burst of long duration. D E U The tabulated field strength in dB above one  microvolt per meter is the peak average of the incident upper side-band field intensity in 45 seconds after the universal time indicated Abbreviated symbols are as follows: on the table. CNT number of observed values, median, MED value of the uppermost decile  when they are UD ranked according to magnitude, value  of  the  lowest  decile  when  they  are LD ranked according to magnitude, U uncertain, less than, E influenced by, or impossible because of, any C artificial accident, influenced by, or impossible because of, S interferences or atmospherics.
b
Radio Propagation Quality Figures
The tabulated six-hourly quality figures are  calculated for standard waves WWV transmitted from Fort Collins and standard waves WWVH transmitted from Kauai. Quality figures expressing radio propagation conditions are ranged over five grades as follows: very poor (very disturbed), 2 poor (disturbed), 3 rather poor (unstable), 4 normal, good. 5 whole day quality figure ranged in grades of le, 1+, 2-, 2o, 2+, 3-, 3o, 3+, 4-, 4o, 4+, 5-, 5o stands for anaverage of six-hourly ones of the two circuits. Abbreviated symbols are as follows: artificial accident, C S propagational accident, U inaccurate. which can be described Radio propagation conditions with a code in the following N normal, U unstable, W disturbed are forecast 12 hours in advance and broadcast six per an hour from JJY Station. radio Data on a geomagnetic storm correlated with a - propagation disturbance are tabulated from  observation at Kakioka Magnetic Observatory, Japan Meteorological Agen- Time (U.T.) is expressed in unit of hour and minute (or CY: un - When they are tenth of hour), and range in gamma. certain quantitatively, /'s are replaced with them. Continu¬ ation of a geomagnetic storm is denoted by ---.
C.
Sudden Ionospheric Disturbances
(i) SWF The table of short wave fade-out (SWF) is prepared from the record of field intensities measured at Hiraiso. Drop-out  intensities    of the 10 MHz, the 20 MHz, and the 25 MHz waves are respectively distinguished by marks ', '' and ''' from these of the 15 MHz wave for WWV and WWVH. Values of start, duration, type, and are obtained from data of the circuit whose importance drop-out intensity in dB is underlined as xx. When these quantities  are not given correctly,  they are accompanied by the following symbols. D greater than, E less than, U uncertain or doubtful. Types of fade-out are as follows: sudden drop-out and gradual recovery, S slow drop-out taking 5 to 15 minutes and SL gradual recovery, G gradual and irregular in both drop-out and recovery. of fade-out is scaled according to its Importance amplitude into nine ascending grades as 1-, 1, 1+, 2-, 2, 2+, 3-, 3, 3+, of solar optical flare, solar radio Correspondences burst, and geomagnetic crochet to SWF is marked by X    in accordance with interchange messages of IUWDS and ob¬ servations at Hiraiso. (ii) - SPA Data of sudden phase anomaly(SPA)are prepared from the records of phase measurement of VLF radio waves re¬ ceived at Inubo. The transmitting stations are listed in the following table. Phase advance is shown in unit of degree at its maxi- mum stage. No transmission or no reception during the period is indicated by —, and indistinguishable record is spaced out, and multi-peak event is marked by *. Out of more than two circuits on which the  same SPA event is observed, the phase advance on the circuit on which the SPA is the most remarkable  or distinct is underlined. As for the underlined, phase advance, start, end and maximan times are obtained. In table (i) SWF and (II) SPA, date indicates the day to which start-time of event belongs. The following letters may be attached to the value, necessary. greater than, D E less than, U uncertain or doubtful.
6
7
9
14
IONOSPHERIC DATA
IONOSPHERIC  DATA
30
IONOSPHERIC DATA
IONOSPHERIC DATA
IONOSPHERIC DATA
IONOSPHERIC  DATA
】 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 . oお※ +++++
ミッドミッド
 S 1084A! , t ono (r) = 0.0 cons   "," " 【 】 】 |  . * . t t t itting the click 10 % R  9 %  3  2 ! * *** Service on 18180 ours .. : - DOR (199 ... the tut unity of the state [ ] ++++
Σミミミミ
5104441 T H B O L Sショー out +++ . . . . . . on contrat to th SOLAR RADIO EMISSION HIRAISO (HIRA) 140.62E 36.37N September 1985 Hiraiso Branch, R.R.L., Nakaminato, Ibaraki, 311–12 JAPAN
likely quiet. q : *: interference. SOLAR RADIO EMISSION HIRAISO (HIRA) 36.37N 140.62E September 1985 Hiraiso Branch, R.R.L., Nakaminato, Ibaraki, JAPAN 311-12
No observations during the following periods: Note 4th  0300 - 0412 SOLAR RADIO EMISSION HIRAISO 。 (HIRA) 36.37N  , 140.62E n Hiraiso Branch, R.R.L., Nakaminato, Ibaraki, JAPAN 311-12 September 1985 Outstanding Occurrences (single-frequency observations) Normal observing period: ' (sunrise to sunset) 2025 - ,0845
MEASUREMENT OF H.F. FIELD STRENGTH = 2 ( UPPER SIDE-BAND OF UNV ) SEP 1985 SANDWIDTH 80 HZ PRINGRECEIVING ANTENNA ROD FREQUENCY - 15 MHZ  , , , -4.5 M MEASURED　AT　HIRAI 50 D A Y 99n 93n 93n 93n 93n 93n 93n 93n 93n 93n 13n ES  ES   -5 -13  -9 -13  -1  -2  -2 -20 -13  -9 ES  ES  ES -ES -ES -ES -ES -ES -9  -4 -13 -13 1 -3  ES  ES  ES  ES  -9 -18 -4   -6  eso - 6 - 6 2 4 3  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ESらくよ
しレES 3 -1 use 3 2 -  -6 1  s ES -23  -8 -14 -10 -23 -10 -23 -3     3     3    4 3      1 -  1 - 5 -1 d c C s 1とす3 -10 ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  -10 -14 -14 -14 E - 5

S M =8 20004年  31 -5 s ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  1 | ES   ES   ES   ES   ES   ES   ES s 8. w i l 。 -7 -4 = 60    = 3      = 4 ーら6ともの
ともの
− 8 s 100わる
 1 : 4 u 1

 s o u " "
S " -10 ES  ES -14 -14 -14  -8  -6 -23 -23 -23 -23  -8  -5 7 s s s - ES -14 -14. ES -8 -14 -14 -8 -14 -14 ES  E a E S 2 s o 9  -18  -9 -12 -17 -18 -13 ES  E =S E S      E S       E S 10 -14 -1 -14 -1 ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES
-8 -14  -8  -8 -23 -23 -23 -23 -23 -8  -8 -10 -11  -8 -10 -10 s s E 1 5
5 00
E 1 515
 151 11  -23 -11 -14 2 ES -23 -23 -23 -23 -23 -23 -23 -23 -23 -23 -23 -14  -1   8 2     - 6 SSR
E I ES E S   - 12 ES  ES  ES ESS -23 -23 12    -14    -6 2  -14 -14 -6 s s E = 5
  = 5
  = 5
  = 5 s 1 13      -9    -9   -12   -14 ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES
-3  -3  -3  -3  -23  -23  -23  -23  -23  -3  -3  -1  -5 c E S S 4
E ! s o E S ESともる
しES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES
18-18-18-18 -18 14  -12 -14いうES 18 -18 -18 E S 15 - 18 - 18とな
しょうE S -23 -23 SPS
E I ES -9 -9 -13 -18 -18 -1 -7 -6 -9との
 1モSTA ES ES - S  ES  ES  ES  ES e 9   - 2 3   - 2 3
 - 2 3
 - 2 3   - 2 3   - 2 3   - 2 3   - 2 3
 - 2 4  - -23 -23 -23 -23 -23 -23 -23 -23 -23 -9  ES -14 16 E 1 E S ES  ES  ES  ES 17. -18 -14  -3 -18 -18 -17 ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES
-13 -18 -13 -13 -13 -13 -18  -6  -6なって-1 -9 -7 ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES ES E 5 E 5 E 5 E 5
E 5 E -9 -14 ES 1-3   -6 -1  -9 13 19  -15 -12 -12 -15 -15 -24 -24していE S  E S    E S     E S
 E S ES  ES E 5 - 2 4
E 5 - 6 - 20 P-24 -4- -6 -11 -9 E 5 s s s s s ES -24 -24 -24 s - -4 1989-2 s 2 -1 -19 -10 ES 8 ES -15 -10 -19 21 --19 -19 -10 ES  ES  ES  ES  ES ES  ES  ES  ES 1-3 -2 13レ  4 22. -12 -18  -9. -8  -9 ES -13 -18 -18 es oわる。
しE S s 1とも- E S
 1851 -18 -18 -18 -18 59 - 6 7 3 -1   -3 -18 -17 -6 E S s 1 ES -18 -18 -18 ES  ES  ES  ES ES  ES  ES  ES 23 -6               -6         -6 ES -10 Es s 1 -1 ES -14 -14 -14 ES  E ES -23 -23 -23 24 2 2 2 a   - 1 -3 -14 -14 -1 ES - 14 - 23 = 3 ES  E 25 9 2 S 4 ss n ES s 1 ES  -14 -3 7 2 0 26 3 4 1 0 2 9 Cとな

ヒラES sへ
しs on ES ES -18 ES -6 27 。 s 2と1 ES
3 us - 14 s 2 sへs s s ES -14 -23 -1 ES -23 -23 -23 -23 -23 -23 -23 11 28 3 7 2 s se s s s s E 1 s s S M
E 1 E 1 ES  ES  ES  ES ES  ES  ES  ES  ES   ES   ES  ES  ES   ES   ES   ES 7 29 6 5 1 3 es 1 s s e s o E 13 ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES
1 -15 -15 30 7 10 C N T 30 29 29 30 30 30 29 30 30 29。 28 30 30 30 30 30 30m 30 30 30 30 30 30   30 sる
レs o E Sとなる
ヒリES -5 -17 -18 MED - USB s o ES -20 -23 -23 -23 -23 -23 S 4 US  -6 -2と「 S S N E S E :    3 :    2 E S E ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES
10  ES  10  -5  -2  -4   -8  -4  -10  -10 4 UD o 17: 10 21- RADIO  PROPAGATION MEASUREMENT　OF　H.F.　FIELD　STRENGTH　　 ( UPPER　SIDE-BAND　OF　WWVH ) SEP 1985 MEASURED  AT   HIRAISO but  29h 23h 23h 23h 29h 29h 29h 23h 23h 29h 23h 23h 23h 29h 29h 23h 23h 28h 29h 23h 23h 7 12 16 17 17 9 22 122 18 19 16 12 17 17 5 -4 17 1 9 11 14 17 22 26 26 24 14 10 15％ 5％ 2 10％ -5 -52 -52 -53 -53 12 18 19 17 18 2 7   7   12   13   20   18   22   22   12   -1   22   9   51   51   51  -1 3. 11 12 15 18 17 19 24 19 14 17 11 21 -11 -11 -11 11 12 12 12 17 14 12 4 ch concern 21 - 9 7  8 5 6 - 11 - 17 - 13 - 19 - 27 - 22 27 - 17 -9 -参加- ES - ES - ES - ES - ES - ES - ES - ES - 11 - 6 - 14 6 4   8   14   15   18   28   21   23   17   -  2   -3   -3   -3   -12   -12   -12   -12   -12   -3   -14   -3   -14    12    7   15   10 7 12  7  17  12  17  17  17  17  17  19  17  19  12  12  13  13  13  13  13  13  14  -23  19  19  19  12  12 8 17  12   11   16   22   21   18    4   7   -17  -18   $$ -18   $$ -18   $$ -11   -2   10  -11   3 9 2019 - 7 - 11 - 18 - 23 - 29 - 12 10 4   5  16   22   17   17   21   53   53   53   53   53  -53   63   63  -1   53  -53   53  -53   53  -53   63  -1   53  -53   63 。 7ロ  1 2 11 12  10   10   11   18   19   11   51   11  12 8年 9月 7月 12月 2011  27月 6月 55月 55月 55月 55月 55月 55月 55月 - 55月 - 55月 - 55月 - 15月 31月 - 15 5 ： 7 13 800060099022 170-190 170-4 200-170-190 170-2500-9 170-1800-1800-1800-1800-1 1 4 13 12 12 17 17 17 17 5 4 11 15 5 4 11 15 5 4 16 -58 15 15 15 15 15 -58 -58 -58 15 1 15 7 - 9 - 14 , 19 - 21 - 16 - 18 - 18 - 18 -14 -18 -14 -18 -14 -18 -12 -12 -13 • 185514 16 10. 8 13 13 17 21 21 18 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 17 14 17 20 12 17 7 - 9 - 13 - 15 - 14 - 14 - 15 - 15 - 15 - 15 - 15 - 15 - 15 - 15 - 15 - 15 - 17 - 17 1 8 11  6   6  11  19  21  15  58  51  51  51  51  51  51  51  51  -51  -52  -52  -52  15  15  15  10  18 19 16  12  11  21  26  27  21  18  58 -58 -52  58 -52 -52 -52 -52 -52 -52 -52  12  10   8 1515 o   60 20 11  11   17   16   15   25   23   20   15   14   11  - 21 8  12  13  18  12  19  33  31  22  19  -9  55  55  55  -55  -55  -55  -55  14   8  19 16 17 22 11   7    9   17   22   27   22   53   53   53   53   -  53   -  53   -  53   -  53  -  53  -  11 23 12  12   12   20   21   19   32    2   53  -52   53   53   53   53   -53   53   53  -53  -53   25   20 16 • 11 24 13  26  21  26  26  23  22  -1  58 -52 -52  -1 -23 -23 -23 -23 -23 -23 -23 -17  26  16 13 a 12 25 16  18  18  17  22  22  17   9  53 -52 -13 -13 -13 -13 -13 -13 -13 -13 -13 -13 -13  22  13  12 12 14 26 10 17 21 18 17 30 27 11 3 3 6 - [§] [ 27 8 12 17 17 22 27 26 58 58 -51 58 14  13 28 13  11  21  23  16  23  17  53  53  53  53  53  53  53  53  -53  -53  -53   0  -2  -11   8  15  16  12 29 13  11   16   15   21   35   18   -2   55  -55  -55  -55  -55  -55  -55  -55  -55  -55   16   11   16 160°12 30 CNT 30 30 29 30 29 29 10 11 14 16 18 22 22 18 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 12 12 12 12 12 12 ME D 16 17 21 22 22 28 29 24 19 17 12 19 17 27 ES ES ES ES ES ES - 17 19 19 17 14 U D 4   6   7    8   15   17   8   5  5  5  -55 L D
HIRAIO
SUDDEN IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES
ＩＮＵＢＯ
IONOSPHERIC  DATA  IN JAPAN  FOR  SEPTEMBER  1985 F-441 Vol.37  No.9   (Not for Sale)電離層月報（1985年9月）第37巻第9号(非売品) 1985年12月20日印刷1985年12月25日:発行社米米所郵便政府省 電 波、研究究発,行中〒184東京都小金井市賃井北町４丁目２－１宮（0423） (21) 1.2.161(代) Queries about "lonospheric Data is Japan" should be forwarded to: The Radio Research Laboratory, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, 2-1 Nukui-Kitamachi 4-chome, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184 JAPAN