F — 141 IONOSPHERIC DATA IN JAPAN FOR SEPTEMBER 1960 Vol. 12 No. 9 Issued in November 1960 Prepared by THE RADIO RESEARCH LABORATORIES MINISTRY OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS KOKUBUNJI, TOKYO, JAPAN s
FOR SEPTEMBER 1960 Vol. 12 No. 9 THE RADIO RESEARCH LABORATORIES KOKUBUNJI, TOKYO, JAPAN
CONTENTS

F —141
Ionospheric observation is carried out at the following four observatories in Japan. Latitude Wakkanai 45°23.6'N. Akita 39°43.5'N.
Kokubunji 35°42.4'N. Yamagawa 31°12.5'N.  130°37.7'E. Solar radio emission and radio propagation conditions are observed at Hiraiso Radio Wave Observatory. Latitude 36°22.0'N. Longitude Site 140°37.5'E. Hiraiso-machi, Nakaminato-shi, Ibaragi-ken Hiraiso
SYMBOLS AND TERMINOLOGY
A. IONOSPHERE
All symbols and terminology in the table of ionospheric data are used in accor- dance with the First Report of the Special Committee on World Wide Ionospheric Soundings (URSI/AGI), Brussels, September 2, 1956, and the Second Report of the Committee, May, 1957, supplementary to the First Report.
h' E : h pF 2 ypF2 The lowest virtual height of the trace used to give the foEx. The virtual height of the F2 layer measured on the ordinary-wave branch at,a. frequency equal to 0.834 foF2. The semi-thickness of the F2 layer deduced from a parabolic fit to the " nose " of the electron density distribution with height and based on the observed h'f trace. (The difference between hpF2 and the virtual height at 0.969 foF2). a.
Descriptive  Symbols
Used following the numerical value on monthly tabulation sheets. A Measurement influenced by, or impossible because of, the presence of a lower thin layer, for example Ex. B Measurement influenced by, or impossible because of, absorption in the vicinity of f-min. C: Measurement influenced by, or impossible because of, any non¬

b.
Qualifying Symbols
Used as a preceeding symbol on monthly tabulation sheets. E I J T ÙZ
C.
greater than..... less than……… Missing value has been replaced by an interpolated value. Ordinary component characteristic deduced from the extraordinary component. Value determined by a sequence of observations, the actual observation being inconsistent or doubtful. Uncertain or doubtful numerical value. Measurement deduced from the third magnetoionic component.
Description of Standard Types of E,
The nine standard types of Es are identified by small (lower case) letters: I, c, h, q, r, a, s, f, n.  These letters are suggestive of the names low, cusp, high, equatorial, retardation, auroral, slant, flat and unclassified, respectively; it is strongly emphasized that these names are suggestive, not restrictive. The standard types are : flat E , trace at or below the normal E layer minimum virtual A - l height.  Use in daytime only. An Es trace showing a relatively symmetrical cusp at or below c This is usually continuous with the normal E trace though, f o E. when the deviative absorption is large, part or all of the cusp may be missing.  Use in daytime only. An E, trace showing a discontinuity in height with the normal E hi layer trace at or above f e E. T The cusp is not symmetrical, the low frequency end of the E, trace lying clearly above the high frequency end of the normal E trace. ' Use in daytime only. An E, trace which is diffuse and non-blanketing over a wide a frequency range.  The spread is most pronounced at t the upper edge of the trace. (This type is common in daytime in the vicinity of the magnetic equator.) An Es, trace which is non-blanketing over part or all of its fre- r quency range showing an increase in virtual height at the high fre- quency end similar to group retardation. This is distinguished at present from true group retardation (a blanketing thich layer in¬ cluded in the E layer tables: foE, h'E) by the lack of group retar- dation in the F traces at corresponding frequencies. An E, pattern having a well defined flat or gradually rising lower a edge with stratified and diffuse (spread) traces present above it. These sometimes exceed over several hundred kilometers of  virtual height. This A diffuse E, trace- which rises steadily with frequency. S usually emerges from another E, trace which should be classified separately. At high latitudes the slant trace usually starts to rise from a horizontal E, trace, I, h or f, and frequencies which greatly exceed the E layer critical frequency (e.g. about 6 Mc/s) whereas at low latitudes it usually rises from equatorial type Es, q, at fre- quencies near the E region critical frequency. An E , trace which shows no appreciable increase of height with f D frequency. The trace is usually relatively solid at most latitudes. This classification may only be used at night ; apparently flat E s traces observed in the daytime are classified according to their virtual height : h or l. An E trace which cannot be classified into one of the standard types. This must not be used for intermediate cases between any two classes. A choice should always be made whenever possible, even if it is doubtful.
Multiple Reflections from Ex
d.
When the ionogram shows the presence of multiple reflections from Es, the number of traces seen should be recorded after the letter indicating the type.
B. SOLAR-RADIO EMISSION
Solar radio cmission is received on 200 Mc at Hiraiso Radio Wave Observatory using a 6x4 dipole broadside array and an ordinary succrheterodyne receiver. The type of observation is of intensity recording of both steady flux and outstanding occurrences.
a.  Daily  Data
Steady flux
The mean value of recorded base level. Outstanding occurrences are to be omitted except the phenomena with duration of hours or more. Variability is expressed in four grades as follows :
1 = a  few  bursts 2=many bursts 3=exceptionally many bursts Number of bursts is determined relatively in comparison with the base level. If the number of bursts be fixed, the variability is greater, when bursts are widely distributed, than in the case of being concentrated in a short period.
Outstanding occurrences

When the start is not obvious, 20% rise time of smoothed flux is adopted and x is suffixed. (e.g. 0234x) When the instantaneous maximum can not be taken, the smoothed maximum is used and x is suffixed. (e.g. 0539x) When the phenomena have ended obscurely the time of 20% of maximum smoothed flux is written. Outstanding emissions are classified as follows : On another point of view, the classification in the URSI Interchange code is to be added. S : simple rise and fall of intensity C : complex variation of intensity A : appears to be part of general activity .. D : distinct from (i.e. apparently superposed upon) the general
b.
n activity M : multiple peaks separated by relatively long period of quietness F : multiple peaks separated by relatively short period of quietness E : sudden commencement or rise of activity Combined letters express one phenomenon (e.g. SD, ECD); letters joined by ++ express some phenomena occurring in parallel; the preceding term is more important (e.g. SD+F, SA+C). Maximum intensity Instantaneous : Smoothed : The highest value above the base level, By multiplying the duration, the approximate total power of the phenomenon con be estimated.
C.  RADIO PROPAGATION CONDITIONS
a.  Radio Propagation Quality Figures
Radio propagation quality figures are usually expressed on the scale that ranges from one to five as follows: 1 = good 2 = normal 3=rather poor (unstable) 4 = poor (disturbed) 5=very poor (very disturbed) The tabulated circuits contain London (Commercial circuit), WWV (frequencies 10, 15, 20 Mc broadcast from Washington, D.C.), San Francisco (commercial circuit) and WWVH (frequencies 10, 15 Mc broadcast from Hawaii), which are received at Hiraiso Radio Wave Observatory near Tokyo. Warnings of radio propagation broadcast from JJY station are expressed in three grades: N = normal U = unstable W = disturbed The letter W expresses disturbed condition expected to be during the following 12 hours after issue. - The letter U and N means also unstable or normal conditions, respectively. Whole day radio quality indices are the weighted averages of the 6-hourly indices of London, WWV and S.F., with half weight given to quality grade 2 This procedure is taken to avoid the concentration of the whole day (normal). indices to grade 2. Start- and end-time of principal geomagnetic storms closely correlated to radio propagation conditions are tabulated from observations at Kakioka.
b.  Sudden Ionospheric Disturbances (S. I. D.)
The data of short wave fade-out (SWF) are preparated from the field intensity records on following circuits received at Hiraiso. Characteristics of the phenomenon are classified as follows. Circuits and Drop-out intensity W S ...... WWV  20 Mc, 15 Mc  and  10 Mc  (Washington) S F ......WMA-25: 5.0775 Mc, WMA-47: 7.485 Mc, WMF-27A2: 7.712 WMH-30A2: 10.3873 Mc, WMH-53A2: 13.7773 Mc and 3 Mc WMJ-30A2: 20.8173 Mc (San  Francisco) H A ...... W V H  15 Mc  and  10 Mc  (Hawaii) T O......JJY  15 Mc and  10 Mc  (Tokyo) 7.6975 Mc, GIJ-30:  10.9075 Mc, GBJ 34:  14.798 Mc and L N ......G I J-27 : CIJ-38 :   18.4375 Mc (London) Start-time and  Duration,  Types  and  Importances are described from the data of a circuit whose Drop-out Intensity is underlined.  Drop-out Intensities of 10 Mc, 15 Mc and 20 Mc for WWV, WWVH and JJY are marked ; 10 Mc ( ' ), 15 Mc (none) and 20 Mc ( " ). Start-times and Durations Types S . Slow : .یsudden drop-out and gradual recoverly slow drop-out taking 5 to 15 minutes and gradual recoverly gradual disturbances; fade irregular in both drop-out and recoverly Importances Degrees of SWF are classified into 9 grades according to the amplitude of fade-out ;
The data of sudden enhancement of atmospheric (SEA) observed on 28 kc are tabulated on each Start-time, Duration and Importance. Besides, the time associated phenomena of SID's, that is, solar flare, solar radio noise outburst and crochet (solar flare effect in magnetic record) are given in this table from interchange messages or measurements at Hiraiso. NOSPHERIC Time Mean 35° E ( GMT.+ 9h fakkanai Long, 141°41.1' B Lat. foF2 Sep.1960
ONOSPHERIC DATA Vakkana Lat.     4 5° 2 3. 6' N
Long.    1 4 1° 41. 1' E

NOSPHERIC
35° E   Mean   Timo ( GMT.+ 9h Vakkana ong. 141°41.1'B at    45°2 3,6'
foE Sep.1960 foE n ONOSPHERIC 35° E   Mean   Time   T ( GMT.+ 9h. Vakkana Lat.   45°23,65 Long, 141°41.1'B
foEs Sep.1960 12
NOSPHERIC
135° E   Mean   Time ( GMT.+ 9h. Vakkana Lat.    45° 2 3.6' Long. 141°41.1
(3) fbEs Sep.1960 fbEs ONOSPHERIC 135° E   Mean   Time   :   ( GM.T.+ 9h. 'akkana Long. 141°41.1' E Lat. ' 45° 2 3.6' -min Sep.1960
( GMT+ 9h. akkana 45° 2 3.6' ong. 141°41.1'B
Sep.1960 3000F2 Time Mean 135° E 13000F2 15
NOSPHERIC , DAT Vakkana Lat.   45°2 3.6' N Long. 141°41.1'E e e NOSPHERIC DAT Vakkana Lat.
k'F2 17
ONOSPHERIC

( GMT+ 9h W 10 Long, 141°41.1' Lat.    45°2 3.6' 35° E  Mean  Timo h'F h Sep.1960 NOSPHERIC ( GMT.+ 9h. /akkana Long, 141°41.1'B Lat. 3.3°2 3.6° k'Es 35° E   Mean   Time
Sep.1960
ong. 141° 41.1 Lat. Vakkana I GMT.+ 9h. 35° E  Mean  Time INOSPHERIC ypes of Es Sep.1960 NOSPHERIC Mean 35° E Time ( GMT+ 9h.) k i t . V Lat.
Long. 39° 43.5' 140° 03.2'E foF2 Sep.1960
foF2 ep L60_Nc to 200_Nc in_Z0_ win in autonatio operati A 21 ONOSPHERIC DATA A k i t a Lat. Long。 140° 08.2'E
NOSPHERIC Akit: Lat. 39° 43.5'
Sep.1960 foEs 35° E Means Time I GMT+ 9h. A k i t a Lat. Long. 140° 08.2 39° 43.5'
NOSPHERIC foEs oop L60_ No to 200_ No in Z0_ in automatic operati A
NOSPHERIC
Time ( GMT.+ 9h.) Akit: Leti 39°43.5' N Long. 140° 08.3'E Sep.1960 fbEs 135° E Mean
Sep.1960 -min Mean NOSPHERIC    I Time 35° E . i GMT+ 9h k i t Y ong.  140° 08.2'1 39° 43.5'
13000F2 ( GMT+ 9h 35° E   Mean   Time k i t A et 39° 43.5' ong. 140° 03.2 Sep.1960
NOSPHERIC DATA A k i t a Lat.      39° 43.5' N
Long.    140° 08.2' E
M3000F NOSPHERIC DAT A k i t a [ at 39°43.5' Long. 140° 03.2' B

IOSPHERIC
Mean ( GMT.+ 9h. Time k i t V long.  140° 08.2 39° 43.6'. Sep.1960 k'F 35° E

( GMT + 9h.) Time P k i t 39° 43.6' ong. 140° 03.2'1 'L'S Mean 35° E Sep.1960
k'Es
39° 43.5' letro ( GMT.+ 9h. NOSPHERIC 35° E  Mean  Time Long. 140° 03.2'E Akit - ypes of Es Sep.1960 NOSPHERIC 35° E   Mean Time i GMT,+ 9h okubunji Toky Lat. 3 5° 4 2.4'
Long. 1 3 9° 29.3' a.
foF2 Sep.1960 ONOSPHERIC   DAT okubunji Toky
Lat. 3 5° 4 2.4' 1
Long. 1 3 9° 29.3' 1 INOSPHERIC
okubunji Toky
ong. 139° 29.3' Lat. 35°42.4' foE 35° E   Mean   Time    ( GMT.+ 9 Sep.1960
NOSPHERIC foEs 35° E Mean Timo ( GMT.+ 9h. kubunji Toky Lat. 35°42.4' Long. 139° 29,3
Sep.1960 NOSPHERIC I GMT+ 9h Time okubunji Toky Long, 139° 29,3 Lat. 35°42.4'
fbEs . 35° E  Mean Sep.1960 fbEs
35° E 4 Mean Time G.M.T.+ 9h.
Lat. 35°42.4 long. 139° 29. -min Sep.1960
-min ep / o   No to ZO   No in ZO   sec   in automatic operat
Time Mean 35° E I GMT+ 9h Long. 1 3 9° 29.3' Lat. 35°42.4'
3000F2 Sep.1960 (3000)F2 in autonatic oper weep / 0  Nc to 20 0  Mc in  Z 0  afric ONOSPHERIC DAT okubunji Tokyo Lat.     3 5° 4 2. 4°
Long.  1 3 9° 29. 3
.
NOSPHERIC
35° E  Mean  Time I G.M.T.+ 9h. kubunji Toky Lat.
k’F2 Sep.1960
NOSPHERIC
( GMT.+ 9h. 135° E   Mean   Time
ong. 139° 29.3 Late 35°42.4'
h'F Sep.1960 Lat. skubunji Toky
ONOSPHERIC
I GMT+ 9h 35° E   Mean   Time
k'Es Sep.1960 k'Es Lat. I GMT+ 9h. NOSPHERIC 35° E   Mean   Time ypes of Es Sep.1960
K 12 INOSPHERIC Time Mean ( GMT + ) 3 5° 4 2. .ong. 1 3 9 ° 29.
hpF2 35° E Sep.1960
sin /: 0 — Nexto ZLL Mo in Zl in automatic hpF2
I GMT+ 9h. Time Mean 35° E
Lat. 3 5° 4 2.4'
Long. 1 3 9° 29.3'
upF2 Sep.1960 46
amagaw Long. 130°37.7'E Lat. 31° 12.5°
foF2 ONOSPHERIC DATA ( GMT.+ 9h. Yamagaw at. 31°12.5' Long. 130°37'E 135° E  Mean - Time foF Sep.1960
of the status of the status. ONOSPHERIC amagaw iat. 31° 12,5° Long, 130° 37.7' EならSep.1960
Sep.1960 foEs 35° E   Mean   Time ( GMT.+ 9h.
Lat. 31° 12.5° Long. 130°37.7
NOSPHERIC . amagaw Long. 130°37.7 Lat. 31°12.5°
fbEs ep 1-0_Nc to 20.0_Nc in 3.0_nin -min ONOSPHERIC 135° E   Mean   Times  ( GMT.+ 9h. Long. 130°37.7'E Lat. 31° 12.5°
Sep.1960 - mir
Mean 111 10
(3000)F2
08 09 07 06 2.7 0 289 3.0 0 285"|どのの3.75 3.5 0いうこ9.7.01みよら$./ 0み/ O 3.0.0 285 2.75 285 2 u 295° 12 2,75 3.0.0 13 14 15 3.1.0 2 H "3,05" 16 S Hう.75 3.1.0 19 18 20 21 22 31° 12,5' Long. 130°37.7'E 23ふこS 135° E Time ( GMT.+ 9h.
se o in automatic operati veep [.0 _ Nc to 20.0_ Mc In _30_ 05 04 03 02 01 Sep.1960 00 Day ONOSPHERIC DATA 135° E    Mean    Time M3000F Sep.1960 amagawa Long, 130° 37,7' E Lat. * 31° 12.5° 1

NOSPHERIC DATA
amagaw Long. 130°37.7 E Lat. 31° 12.5°
h’F2 55 Sep.1960 h'F NOSPHERIC ( GMT. + 9) iat. 31° 12.1 Long. 130°37.7' 35° E Mean Time
Y 10
35° E   Mean   Time ( GMT + 9 h amagaw , 31   12.5' .ong. 130°37. k'Es Sep.1960
Y 11   Es NOSPHERIC I 35° E   Mean   Time ( GMT.+ 9h. amagaw Lat. 31° 12. Long, 130°37.7'E
ypes of Es Sep.1960 ypes of Es + Y 12 58.
Flux in 10-22 w.m.-2 (c/s)-1, 2 polarizations
RADIO PROPAGATION QUALITY FIGURES
IDDEN IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANC (S.I.D.) HIRAISO
IONOSPHERIC DATA IN JAPAN FOR SEPTEMBER  1960電気波の観光測定報告12巻1第9号1960年11月20日-印鑑-印（不許復製再完品） 1960年11月30日発表さ行OR 1999発　行　所　郵政治省農農政治研究所所東京都小全井南四井北町4の573.寓話、国分寺 1 2 1 1 — 1 2 1 4 5山内脚注関連項目 内東京春豊島区目ノ田町2の2 2 8
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