Tomooka Norihikoﾘﾝ• Yoshida Yutaroﾘﾝ• Naito Kenﾘﾝ• Akatsu Tetsuya²} • Yokoyama Tadashi ²) 1) Genetic Resources Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan 2) Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
Summary
A field survey was conducted on Ishigaki-jima, Iriomote-jima and Kuro-shima islands, Okinawa prefecture, Japan, from 28 th June to 2 nd July, 2011. As a result, 27 accessions of leguminous plants consist of 1 accession of Glycine koidzumii, 1 of Lotus sp., 1 of Vigna luteola, 10 of Vigna marina, 1 of Vigna reflexo-pilosa and 13 of Vigna riukiuensis were recorded and seed samples were collected if available. All the seed materials collected were conserved at NIAS genebank, Japan. These accessions will be grown and evaluated in 2012 and will become available for research, breeding and educational purposes. KEY WORDS : wild legumes, Glycine, Vigna
Introduction
Recently, crop wild relatives are becoming highly important genetic resources. In order to conserve genetic diversity of wild relatives of leguminous crops, the genebank of National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS genebank), has been conducting domestic and overseas exploration (Vaughan et al., 2010[A1] http://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/pdf/misc/ international-WS_14_1.pdf , Tomooka et al., 2011). The previous exploration reports are available from the NIAS genebank web page indicated below. http://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/publications.php?section=plant. (some articles are written in English) In 2004, we conducted an exploration for crop wild relatives in Ishigaki-jima island (Tomooka et al., 2005, http://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/plant/pdf/report/parts/2004_1-10.pdf). In the present exploration, some of the habitats found in 2004 were re-visited and re-surveyed. In addition to Ishigaki-jima island, we have surveyed Iriomote-jima and Kuro-shima islands, Okinawa prefecture, Japan.

Methods
We surveyed three islands by car from 28 h June to 2 nd July, 2011 (Table 1, Fig. 1). We stayed at Ishigaki-jima island and used speed boat to move between islands. Seeds, herbarium specimens and root nodules (if available) were collected. Information on collection sites including village name, altitude, latitude, longitude, habitat sketch map and other ecological data were recorded on passport data sheets as summarized in Tables 2 and 3.
Results and Discussion
A total of 27 accessions consist of 1 accession of Glycine koidzumii, 1 of Lotus sp., 1 of Vigna luteola, 10 of Vigna marina, 1 of Vigna reflexo-pilosa and 13 of Vigna riukiuensis were recorded and seed samples were collected (Table 2). Collected seed samples are conserved at NIAS genebank, Tsukuba, Japan and will be multiplied and evaluated in 2012. Multiplied seed samples will become available for research, breeding and educational purposes upon request. Searching (http://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/databases-plant_search_en.php) and requesting accessions (http://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/distribution_en.php?section=plant) can be done through NIAS genebank web site.
Japan. Collection sites are indicated by ( ○ ) for Vigna riukiuensis, ( ● ) for Vigna luteola, ( ■■ ) for Vigna reflexo-pilosa, ( ☆ ) for Vigna marina. For each collection site, species name and JP number of each accession is listed. Place name is indicated in a parenthesis. Glycine koidzumii (Wild perennial soybean, Miyako-jima tsuru-mame in Japanese) An accession of Glycine koidzumii was collected at northernmost site (around Hirakubo lighthouse) of Ishigaki-jima island (Fig. 1). Taxonomic treatment of Glycine plants distributed in Okinawa archipelago (Japan) and Taiwan (China) is confusing. Phylogenetical analysis of these confusing taxa including Clycine tabacina, C. koidzumii, C. cladestina, C. tomentella and C. dolichocarpa is necessary (Tateishi and Ohashi, 1992, Tateishi, 1995). The material collected in the present survey could be used for that study.
Vigna marina (Beach cowpea)
Vigna marina is a pan tropical species distributed on sandy beach (Tomooka et al., 2010). Ten accessions of V. marina were collected (Table 2). Among them, 7 accessions were collected in Ishigaki-jima island and 3 were from Iriomote-jima island (Fig. 1). At Inoda (Photo 3) and Ibaruma beaches (Ishigaki-jima island), most of the pods (seeds) were damaged by larvae of butterfly. At Inoda site, there was a population consists of several plants which showed very few pod damage by butterfly (JP242333, 2011-Ishi-3-1). These plants were growing on sandy beach near a stream and formed large nodules on their roots. Population size was smaller in Ibaruma site compared with that in Inoda site. At Sukuji beach (Ishigaki-jima island), many V. marina plants had been buried under sands possibly by heavy wind and sea waves (Photo 4). Some plants were parasitized by Cassytha filiformis L., which sometimes totally killed V. marina plants (Photo 5). At sandy beach, V. marina plants can produce roots directly from their crawling stems (Photo 6). A large population of V. marina was found along a long sandy beach of Haimita, Iriomote- jima island (Photo 11). Compared with Inoda and Ibaruma beach (Ishigaki-jima island), percentage of damaged pods eaten by the larvae of butterfly in this beach were less. Another population of V. marina was found at Hoshitate beach (Iriomote-jima island). Plants of V. marina were growing on sandy beach an  also on the stone wall constructed on sandy beach (Photo 12). V. marina plants were parasitized by Cassytha filiformis at this site. A large population of V. marina was found growing on stone wall between beach and road near Funara bridge, Iriomote- jima island (Photo 14). Exceptionally high percentage of pod set was observed in this place (Photo 15).
Vigna luteola
Vigna luteola is a pan tropical species which is used as a fodder crop in Australia and USA (Tomooka et al., 2010). One population of V. luteola was found in Ishigaki-jima island (Fig. 1). V. luteola plants were growing along both side of a river near Bunatabaru-kobashi bridge (Photo 1). Root nodules were also collected at t his site (Photo 2). Some plants were growing near the river and will be submerged under the water at the time of heavy rain.
Vigna reflexo-pilosa
V. reflexo-pilosa is an only one tetraploid (2n=44) species in the genus Vigna (Tomooka et al., 2002). There is a domesticated taxa (V. reflexo-pilosa var. glabra). A population of V. reflexo- pilosa was found at t he same site of V. luteola near Bunatabaru-kobashi bridge (Photo 1). Not like V. luteola, V. reflexo-pilosa plants were found only on the west side of the river bank.
Vigna riukiuensis
Vigna riukiuensis is a wild relative which is cross compatible with both azuki bean (V. angularis) and rice bean (V. umbellata) (Tomooka et al., 2002). Thirteen accessions of V. riukiuensis were collected, 9 from Ishigaki-jima island, 3 from Iriomote-jima island and 1 from Kuro-shima island (Table 2, Fig. 1). Near Hirakubo lighthouse, the northernmost place of Ishigaki-jima island, 2 accessions of V. riukiuensis were collected. One was colected on the slope of small hill (Photo 7), and the other was collected on the top of small hill where strong winds were prevailing (Photo 8). Thick and shiny small rounded leaflets are one of the specific characters of V. riukiuensis (Photo 9). Tateishi Y and Ohashi H. 1992. Taxonomic studies on Glycine of Taiwan. J. Jpn. Bot. 67: 127- 147. Tateishi Y. 1995. Re-consideration of leguminous flora in Ryukyu islands - Clycine tabacina and G. koidzumii. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 46. 216-218. (in Japanese) Tomooka N, Vaughan D, Maxted N, Moss H. 2002. The Asian Vigna. Genus Vigna subgenus Ceratotropis genetic resources. 270 pages. Kluwer Academic Press. Tomooka N, Kuroda Y, Yokoyama T, Kashiwaba K, Kaga A, Isemura T, Vaughan D. 2005. Ecological survey and conservation of legumes - symbiotic rhizobia genetic diversity from Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan, 2004. In Annual Report on Exploration and Introduction of Plant Genetic Resources. Vol. 21: 97 - 103. Tomooka N, Kaga A, Isemura T, Vaughan D.A, Srinives P, Somta P, Thadavong S, Bounphanousay C, Kanyavong K, Inthapanya P, Pandiyan M, Senthil N, Ramamoorthi N, Jaiwal PK, Jing T, Umezawa K, and Yokoyama T. 2010. Vigna Genetic Resources. In Proceedings of the 14th NIAS International Workshop on Genetic Resources “Genetics and Comparative Genomics of Legumes (Glycine and Vigna)". P. 11 - 21. Tomooka N, Kaga A, Isemura T, Vaughan D. 2011. Vigna. In (Chittaranjan Kole ed.) Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources. Legume Crops and Forages. Chapter 15, 291- 31 11. Springer. Vaughan D.A., Tomooka N, Kaga A, Isemura T, Kuroda Y. 2010. Glycine Genetic Resources. In Proceedings of the 14th NIAS International Workshop on Genetic Resources "Genetics and Comparative Genomics of Legumes (Glycine and Vigna)". P. 1 - 9.
友岡憲彦ﾘ•吉田裕太郎ﾘ•内藤健ﾘ•赤津哲也² •横山正² １）農業生物資源研究所・適伝資源センター 2）東京農工大学本報告は，沖縄県石垣島，西表島および黒島におけるマメ科植物遺伝資源の調査報告である.調査は, 2011年6月28日～ 7月2日にかけて行った．調査の結果,ミヤコジマツルマメ(Glycine koidzumii） 1点, ミヤコグサ属野生種（Lotus sp.） 1点, ナガバハマササゲ（Vigna luteola） 1点,ハマササゲ(Vigna marina) 10点,オオヤブツルアズキ(Vigna reflexo-pilosa) 1点,ヒナアズキ（Vigna riukiuensis）13点，合計27点の遺伝資源を収集保存した．これらの遺伝資源は， 2012年度につくば市の農業生物資源研究所において栽培し，特性評価，種子増殖を行い配布可能なアクティブコレクションとして生物研ジーンバンクにおいて保存する計画である.