Takako Izumi International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS) Tohoku University Program Coordinator of APRU (Association of Pacific Rim Universities) Multi-Hazards Program
. Emergency response plan, Evacuation drills, Trainings, Education, Early warning ■日本語Prepared ness . Rescue, evacuation, relief goods distribution, response to immediate needs scowerw Economic and livelihood recovery, Health and safety, Housing . Improved infrastructure, Building code, Hazard and vulnerability assessment
UN agencies: • UNISDR to support the implementation, follow-up and review of the coordinate the DRR initiatives. • Other UN agencies to support disaster response coordination (UNOCHA) and recovery (UNDP) International NGO: Advocacy, Fundraising, Project implementation Regional organizations (ASEAN, ADRC etc): Focus on regional and cross boundary issues, Strengthen regional collaboration and Identify regional solutions/guidelines Donor agencies (USAID, AUSAID, DFID etc): Improve quality and accountability of humanitarian aid/DRR
Government: . States have the overall responsibility for reducing disaster risk. DRR is a common concern for all States and the extent to which developing countries are able to effectively enhance and implement national DRR policies and measures ....(SFDRR). • Necessary to empower local authorities and local communities to reduce risks including through resources, incentives and decision making responsibilities. National NGO: Project implementation; Close to communities and understand local culture.

Local government:
•   Lead local DRR planning and implementation • Develop policies and guidelines related to DRR including a disaster management plan
Communities:
• Participate in discussion and implementation of DRR policies and programs • Organize awareness raising campaign and activities as well as evacuation drill

Academia:
. Focus on the disaster risk factors and scenarios . Support action  by local communities and authorities • Support the interface between policy and science for decision- making
Media:
• Contribute to the raising of public awareness and disseminate accurate disaster risk, hazard and disaster information . Support early warning systems . Stimulate a culture of prevention and strong community involvement in public education campaigns and consultations
Private sector:
. Integrate disaster risk management into business models and practices • . Engage in awareness raising and training for their employees and customers ● Engage in and support research and innovation for disaster risk management • Share and disseminate knowledge, practices and non¬ sensitive data • Actively participate in the development of normative frameworks and technical standards that incorporate disaster risk management
Association of Pacific Rim Universities Role of Academia
Academia, scientific and research entities and networks to 1) focus on the disaster risk factors and scenarios, 2)   increase research for regional national and local application, support action by local communities and authorities, and 3) 4) support the interface between policy and science for decision-making
Under priority 1: Understanding disaster risk
To promote and improve dialogue and cooperation among scientific and technological communities, other relevant stakeholders and policymakers. ● To enhance the scientific and technical work on DRR and its mobilization through the coordination of existing networks . Under Priority 3: Investing in DRR for resilience → To promote cooperation between academic, scientific and research entities and networks and the private sector to develop new products and services to help to reduce disaster risk in particular those that would assist developing countries and their specific challenges Under priority 4: Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response . To invest in tailor systems to the needs of users, promote the application of simple and low-cost early warning equipment and facilities ASIA Science Technology Status For Disaster Risk Reduction 2016 • To understand the current status of S&T involvement in 11 countries suta odag Japan is vulnerable to different types of natural hazards, due to its crucial location in the Pacific Rim c? Fire.  Science and Technology has contributed sign ficantly in reducing the risk to natural cisasters.  Science Council of Japan is the premium science body, which provides advice to the rational government in terms of disasters. Japan also has a yearly Grant- n-Aid program for concucting research in the university and research institutions, apart from special grant program after major cisasters. A few previous disasters have changed the course of disaster research in Japan. 1923 Kanto Earthquale, 1959 isewan Typhoon, 1995 Great Harshin Awaii Earthquake, and 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami. Soveral of these disastors have urged new direction of implication of science into decision making, early warning systems and science policy dialogue.
2. STATUS

3. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN DECISION MAKING
Japan, ecientists are included as members of the Central Disaster Milicetion Council on DRR, which is the key policy support booy to the retional government. Their inputs are often applied for policy and decision making proceeses, however, not always. It is a major progress in Japan that such a mechanism and system exists to reflect the opinions and volces of scientists into practicall decision making. Not only being instituded as members of the Council, but also there is a direct route to reach the Prime Minister if t is urgent and most important. On the other hand, more practitioners need to be included as the members to  molement the policies and reculations. In addition, under the Central Disaster Mitigation Council on DRR, it is possible to convene the Expert Examination Committee in various disaster areas when further detailed researches needed for a specific tcp c. Various assessments are concucted by the Committee. At the local level, the province/ city governments recuest national/ local / private university professors and researchers to serve in the decision support committees to cevelop hazard map, early warning system, clisaster resilient planning etc. The area, which needs improvement of spence inkage to decision making. Is the mode ing of ure:necedented event (lowhigh processitity, high consequence wente), espacially focusing on flood and volcanic disasters. In case of damege estimaton, scientific decision / tools are used for making government essets, however, it is also important to use the same methods for assessing private sactor damages, and Ink it to the decision making process.   Depencing on municipality, the methodology and criteria of data collection is cifferent.
4. INVESTMENT IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
The Japanese Government has provided the genercus support to selence and technology researches such as Grants in aid for Scientric Research. While the ancunt is not fully sabsfactory, such granta are very helpful and meaningful to strengthen research capacity in Japan and not many countries have such a system. There is s concern on a volcano observation capacity. The countermeasure and CRR for volcanic eruption is not sufficient It is necessary to establish a foundation that collects the fund from individuals and private organizations. In this way, the funds can be used for langer-term purposes. The support from the national level is rather for the short-lem and it is a common procedure for the amount to be reduced after 3 years of the event Solonce – private sector relationship nas been strong in the insurance sectors, where selence based modeling helps in promoting insurance schemes.  However, addr; onal investment is recuired for developing innovative risk reduction procucts a ong with private sectors. Investment in local government for science based risk reduction is stillan area, which needs improvements.  For example, out of close to 2,000 municipalities in Japan, close of 1,000+ iccal govemments have science based flood nazard maps, and the rest needs to be developed in due course Science-civil society collaboration is another area, where increasing research grants are provided. These are mostly project-based involvement, which reeds to be sustained over a longer per od of time. so 180358 knowledge, interpretation and interviews with Professor Takashi Onishi, President, Japan Science Council, Professor Kaoru Takara, Director, DPRI, Kyoto University and Professor Fursh ko Imamura, Director, IRICES, Tchcku University. 26
1. S&T in decision making: 85 (out of 100) 2. Investment in S&T: 73 3.   Link of S&T to people: 69 . DRR measures in Japan focus on major cities not local areas – where the population of elderly people is high is one of future challenges. . Detailed DRR strategy is not yet applied or developed. Compared to earthquake countermeasures, any DRR technology to reduce landslides risks have not been developed yet. It is critical to link technical and human society together. It is challenging to deliver science to elderly people in a user-friendly manner. It is necessary to address the issue as a social and welfare matter not only just as a disaster redialed issue. It is important to address DRR issues as social problems and to develop solutions with social approach. It requires the reform of the way of thinking among academia and universities regarding their roles. ●
➤ From building safety to human safety: How to save human lives, not to save buildings ▷ Multi-disciplinary research: incorporation of social and cultural studies to be linked to engineering and science based research ▷ System resilience approach: to investigate the most weak or vulnerable point of a system ▷ Understanding limitation of science: it is also a lessons- learnt from the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami
• Education, Research and Social contribution: how to balance the limited time and resources? . Make the best use of research results for practical actions: necessary to understand the needs. From interests-oriented to needs-oriented? • Collaboration with local governments and communities: expectations from both sides are different.
To design and conduct a practical evacuation drill in cooperation using a simulation data . To organize the DRR related events and public relations in order to call for active participation from the communities.
◆ Collect and archive disaster information • Data will be collected in Tohoku • Collecting different events' data, including historic ones •  All types of data will be archived for future needs ◆Establish global standard on archival science ◆ Will be practical • System to link with government and industry •  Linking with education ◆Japan Digital Archive (with Harvard University): http://jdarchive.org/en
• Development of educational materials such as handkerchief and guidebook . Conduct a seminar/lecture series for the public on the SFDRR . Conduct DRR workshop at elementary schools in tsunami prone regions: Hawaii, Philippines, Thai and Indonesia Chapter 1. Preparation to live    DRR life manual for daily life ～Know disasters and prepare for disasters～ Chapter 2. To save lives    from disaster occurrence to 10 hours ～Save lives from disasters～ Chapter 3. To survive    from 10 hours to 100 hours ～Survive severe living condition after a disaster strikes～ Chapter 4. To Live through    from 100 hours to 1000 hours ～Live through severe condition better～ Chapter 5. To live better    from 1000 hours to 10,000 hours ～Livelihood rehabilitation～ sociation of Pacific Rim Universities Research gap: Science of Disaster Science
Background
Background
• 3 major international agreements adopted in 2015 (SDGs, COP21,  Sendai Framework) • Targets and priorities set to prevent new and reduce existing disaster risks • Academia, research entities and international networks engaged • Link to 6 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Why disasters?
:    Disasters affect all people • Economic impact – poverty worsen if a disaster strikes • Countries have to strengthen their disaster risk reduction measures • Countries have to improve disaster response capacity • Role of the scientific community and academia is essential to develop technologies • Need to understand each countries need and specific challenges • Disaster impacts can be mitigated by taking disaster risk reduction measures
Report goals
• In order to strengthen the research capacity, it is crucial to: • Understand the current status of disaster science research • Identify the gaps and niches in disaster science research • Understand the country focuses and disaster research status • Information for policy makers, governments and research institutes . Create impact and raise positive profile of Elsevier's product solutions Or Takako Izumi (Tohoku University IRIDes, APRU) promoting our infographic at the 2016 Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (AMCORR) in New Deihi (Nov) Challenges and Needs in Science and Technology (from the UNISDR Science and Technology Conference on DRR) 1.  Scientific findings should be framed and presented in a concise and understandable fashion; 2.  Assumptions and uncertainties need to be better clarified and communicated; 3.  There is a need for translating scientific findings into concrete actionable steps and tools for science-based decision-making; 4. There is a need for enhancing the role of social science to better understand the governance of disaster risks.
1. Science and Technology cannot solve everything as they have limitations and constraints. How to complement the gap? Human behavior and actions based on education and awareness raising. 2. Needs/solution based researches not only interest based researches. Academia’s focuses: -   Interdisciplinary research (combination of natural and social science), - working together with other stakeholders (knowledge should not be occupied only by academia. Technology and tools have to be “usable”), and strengthening capacity development and empowerment for - future DRR experts (government officials, community leaders etc) Key objectives and goal of the MH program Contribute to developing a disaster resilient society 1. Contribute to international and regional discussions and DRR related policy making process; (Participated in the discussions at the Asian Ministerial Conference on DRR and the UN World Conference on DRR and being a member of UNISDR-Asia Science, Technology and Academia Advisory Group (ASTAAG) 2. Strengthen DRR research and education in collaboration with APRU member universities. (Summer school, Annual symposium, campus safety program)

CONTENTS
●   What’s new? • About MH Program IRIDeS APRU Core Group Members • Annual Events Summer School • Activities Special events (UNWCDRR) Campus safety program tatement p://aprumh.irides.tohoku.ac.jp/app-def/S- 102/apru/ THANK YOU IRIDeS, Tohoku University 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845 Japan Tel: +81-22-752-2094 Email: izumi@irides.tohoku.ac.jp