on Management Developing the CCTUS Infrastructure in the United States Traci Rodosta Storage Validation and Testing Infrastructure Program Manager Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management CCS Technical Workshop Tokyo, Japan January 24, 2023
https://www.energy.gov/fecm/interactive-diagram-carbon-management-provisions Fossil Energy and Carbon Management
.S. DEPARTMENT OF CarbonSAFE Targets Injectivity Commercial Storage Potential MIDCENTURY >1 billion MT/year > 30 billion MT ACTIVATION EXPANSION 5 million metric tons (MT)/year 65 million MT/year 250 million MT/year 450 million MT/year 250 million metric tons (MT) 2,000 million MT 7,500 million MT 13,500 million MT Fossil Energy and Carbon Management
. Incentives and Funding . Federal and State Legislation . Advancing Capture Technologies •  Storage and Hub Infrastructure •  CO₂ Transport Infrastructure •  Basin-scale management
Notes: New Modifications allows  up to 5 years for direct pay (up to 12 years certain entities) ossil Energy and arbon Management fecm.energy.gov
Bipartisan Infrastructure Law Programs | Department of Energy ● . For the BIL investments ($550 billion) approximately 800,000 (new) jobs per year over the next decade Appropriated $12 billion in new carbon management research, development and demonstration (RD&D) over 5 years Carbon Dioxide Removal - Direct Air Capture Regional Direct Air Capture Hubs: $3.5 billion DAC Technology Prize Competition: $115 million Carbon Dioxide Utilization and Storage Carbon Storage Validation and Testing: $2.5 billion Carbon Utilization Program: $310 million Front-End Engineering Design Studies Carbon Capture Technology Program: $100 million Critical Minerals and Materials Rare Earth Element Demonstration: $140 million Rare Earth Mineral Security: $127 million https://netl.doe.gov/business/solicitations/bil Fossil Energy and Carbon Management
US Council on Environmental Equality (CEQ) - USE IT. Public Law 116-260, 134 Stat 1182. • Identify challenges and successes for responsible permitting and provide recommendations to improve responsible permitting CCUS and Pipelines. Candidates to serve on the Federal and OCS Task Force.
US EPA - BIL Sec 40306. SECURE GEOLOGIC STORAGE PERMITTING.
• Federal Class VI Permitting Program - $25M ($5M/yr FY22-26) • State Permitting Program Grants - $50,000,000 (FY22-26) Department of Interior SEC. 40307. GEOLOGIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION ON THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF • Developing regulation for the permitting and leasing of federal offshore assets for CCS. (No funding)
DOT  - PHMSA and other offices
•   May 2022 - PHMSA Announces New Safety Measures to Protect Americans From Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Failures • Evaluation of Freight (Rail, Trucking, Shipping)
DOI BLM
• National Policy for the Right-of-way Authorizations Necessary for Site Characterization, Capture, Transportation, Injection, and Permanent Geologic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide in Connection with Carbon Sequestration Projects https://www.blm.gov/policy/im-2022-041 Fossil Energy and Carbon Management 8
California Senate Bill SB 905 -  Carbon sequestration: Carbon Capture, Removal, Utilization, and Storage •   Unified permit application and centralized project database • Defines: • financial responsibility, • pore space ownership (surface owner)
Wyoming SF0047 Senate Act - Carbon storage and
sequestration-liability
•   Pore space authority lies with Oil and Gas Conservation Commission • Certificate of Completion: •   Until issued: Injector owns CO, •   Once issued: title and custody of CO, transferred to state Indiana Senate Bill 442 - Underground CO, storage to be considered a public use and service • Pore space ownership/rights can be acquired if 60% of storage unit already under agreement • State may obtain ownership after 12 years, if injection has ceased
North Dakota
• Certificate of Completion •   Until issued: Operator owns CO, and pore space • Once issued: ownership of site transfers to state (no sooner than 10 years after injection ends) • EOR can be converted to storage
UIC Class VI Primacy
• EPA has granted primacy to ND and WY •   States of WV, TX, AZ, and LA are seeking primacy for Class VI
Fossil Energy and
Carbon Management
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Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL): Carbon Capture Demonstration Projects Program Front-End Engineering Design Studies for Integrated Carbon Capture, Storage, and Transport Systems Cost of Capturing CO, from Industrial Sources, 2022, DOE/NETL-2013/1602 Fossil Energy and Carbon Management Dedicated Storage and Hubs Infrastructure Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL): Storage, Validation and Testing (Section 40305): Carbon Storage Assurance Facility Enterprise (CarbonSAFE): Phases III, III.5, and IV BIL 40305—Storage Validation and Testing $2.5 billion over 5 years New or Expanded large- scale commercialization carbon sequestration facilities 50 MMT Hubs and Large- Scale Storage 20-40 Facilities ~80-100 Class VI Wells Fossil Energy and Carbon Management energy.gov/fe
Phase I: Integrated CCS Pre- Feasibility: 18 month Phase II: Storage Complex Feasibility: 18-24 month Phase III: Site Characterization : 3 year Phase IV: Construction of Storage Complex: 2.5 year NG-based Power Plants Coal-based Power Plants HNHRG Fossil Energy and Carbon Management CarbonSAFE Notice of Intent Released Nov 2021: https://www.netl.doe.gov/business/solicitations 12 12
Commercial viability framework   CO2 Storage Resources Management System (spe.org) • PRMS provided template for SRMS document •  SRMS provides a  common terminology for stakeholders • Improves global communications on storage resources • Classifies storable quantities in the context of defined projects intended to be matured to commerciality
Carbon Storage Technology and Operations REsearch Facility Leverages DOE investments today to drive down the cost of CCS tomorrow Key enablers… . Establish long-term carbon storage field laboratories . Fast tracks emerging technology validation in subsurface conditions. . Provides real-world performance feedback for operational improvements and optimization. ssil Energy and arbon Management
Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL): Carbon Capture Technology Program, Front-End Engineering and Design for Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Transport •  CO, Transport FEED Studies, $100 million authorized over 5 years •  New carbon transport buildout or repurposing of existing infrastructure •  Working with DOT PHMSA to inform future regulatory and safety considerations •  Supports CO₂ Transportation Infrastructure and Innovation Program (CIFIA $2.1 billion loan guarantees) •  CO, transport should review all modes of transport (ship, barge, rail, truck) 2030: ~11,000+ miles of CO2 pipelines Fossil Energy and Carbon Management

• Repurposing Wellbores:
o  Determining optimal infrastructure—CO2 injection versus monitoring versus developing new wells. o Requires conducting comprehensive characterization and analysis ○ Requirements for maintaining mechanical integrity and protecting ground water extend to monitoring wells.
• Repurposing Pipelines:
o  PHMSA enforces CO2 pipeline safety via 49 CFR Part 195 regulations, which exclude underground storage, injection wells, and production facilities. o Key considerations of repurposing pipelines to supercritical phase transport are project-specific regarding size and pressure rating. o Need for studies on corrosion and potential contaminants based on the specifications of CO2 being transported. o Field laboratories should be developed to allow access for researchers to test various pipeline materials and technologies.

Real-time Visualization, Forecasting, and Virtual Learning for
Decision Makers
l Science-based machine learning tools to accelerate field-scale deployment Improving efficiency, effectiveness, and safety of carbon storage operations
Site specific risk-based decision support tools for Stakeholders
Physics-based tools for risk management and uncertainty reduction Addressing stakeholder needs for permitting and project start-up Providing technical assistance to EPA based on expertise gained through NRAP Providing stakeholders/community access to CCS data resources Data curation and collaboration platform includes public and private data sharing capabilities Virtualized CCUS data and models to accelerate CCUS goals arbon Management
Science-informed Machine Learning for Accelerating Real-Time Decisions in Carbon Storage Applications The SMART-CS Initiative aims to transform how people interact with subsurface data, improving the efficiency and effectiveness of field- scale carbon storage by application of science- based machine learning and data analytics.
Open-source computational tools and recommended practices for risk assessment Addressing commercial-scale deployment: How can NRAP Open-IAM be used to assess and manage risks such as repurposing existing infrastructure and integration with industry best practices? How do we assess and manage risks of rapid, basin-scale deployment of commercial –scale projects? How can adaptive, risk-based design ensure efficient and effective monitoring? How can quantitative assessment risk and long-term liability inform decisions around investment and financial responsibility? https://edx.netl.doe.gov/nrap
Mange subsurface environmental basin-scale risks associated with rapid commercial- scale deployment of GCS Illinois Basin Model - Birkholzer & Zhou, 2011 Fossil Energy and Carbon Management
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CCS Data Resources
- Refining, integrating and generating priority data resources to feed carbon storage commercial, R&D (SMART, NRAP, etc), and regulatory models
CCS Tools
- Development and deployment of strategic Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) data visualization and analytical tools to accelerate CCS commercial and regulatory efforts
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Core CCS EDX DisCO2ver platform
Connecting stakeholders across commercial, regulatory, and research domains to a curated collection of CCS data, models, and capabilities (visualization, analysis, etc.) Building off the EDX-FECM Integrated Development Environment core but implementing and expediting deployment of key capabilities and resources for the CS community.
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Outreach & Capacity Building
- Outreach efforts, training, and capacity building within communities across the US. Future CO 2 , H 2 and SNG, biomass, and other source points and production/emission rates Carbon Management
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For More Information NETL Carbon Storage https://netl.doe.gov/coal/carbon-storage ( ) ENERGY 4 @NationalEnergyTechnologyLaboratory @NETL_News Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management www.energy.gov/fecm/office-fossil-energy-and- Fossil Energy and Carbon ManagementもFossil Energy and Carbon Management Thank You!