Refugee lun
幼い難民を考える会Beng Khyang Child Care Center, Cambodia
1997年8月No.43 目次
レポートカンポジアの小学校教育に思うがおまんでしてソカ運転響き合う心といのち』 JR日本に定住してJヒ2. ・・ノ2.インタビューにタイの保持さんに問く日々の仕事とＤＥＣの研修プット・プトラットレポートのコ今川幸雄氏講演会に参加して安達和失惡死情報第1 7回定期総会報告学生会員募集2     Report Primary Education in Cambodia Cheam Kosal 6    Series Reverberating Heart and Life "Having Resettled in Japan" Him Norm 8 - Interview Interview with a Child Minder Daily Jobs and Training of DEC Poot Butratana 10 - Report Lecture by Mr. Yukio Imagawa Kazumi Adachi - Latest Developments 12 CYR's 17th Annual Meeting Held Student Membership Createdテッカポンヨ小学校 2年生の教室Classroom of the 2nd grade in Tekeponhor Primary School出!は離計を冷う市。みい込ヘロ修五推略クイン非テテティレスベU &外部地パンス。昨対ら祭理熱山十居祭ース
芸(森内面)やや歌耳型からハガや跳チェム・コソルＣＹＫ総務・渉外担当(C Y K : Caring for Young Khmer ＣＹＲのカンボジア事業実施部門)
CHEAM  Kosal Administrator, CYK(Caring for Young Khmer/ CYR in Cambodia) Cheam Kosal has been working for CYK since April,1996. She reports on the Cambodian educational system and situation through her experience as a teacher and as a CYK staff. here are about one thousand pupils in Tekeponhor Primary School, Samrong Krom Village,  Dangkor District, Phnom Penh City.  Schooling in Cambodia is for 6 years.  A school day normally has two shifts, from 7 am. and from 1 pm, from Monday to Saturday, with Thursdays off.  Pupils go to school wearing school uniform, blue skirt and white blouse for girls, and blue pants and white shirt for boys.  They go on foot by carrying small bags with pens, pencils, notebooks, slates and chalk. Pupils are given assessment once every month, semester and year.  The assessment is always done on subjects studied in classes such as reading and Khmer,  numbers writing and calculation, easy poems, drawing, penmanship, dictation, etc.
Primary School
Pupils  Repeat Grade
Marie is a ten-year-old girl and in the second grade in Tekeponhor Primary School.  She is the graduate from the child care center in the village which CYK supports. This month she goes to school in the morning. She studies very well. She is always the 2年生のマリー (10歳) Marie, 2nd grade  (10 years old) number one, two or three among 63 pupils in the class.  Marie repeated the first grade and she was seven when she started school.  That is why she is still in the second grade although she is ten years old. In Cambodia repeating grades for pupils at primary school is normal and often happens. The reasons are that pupils do not have enough time to study at home and at school, teachers are not able to add overtime teaching to pupils who need extra help, most of the parents are so busy with earning income to support the family that they do not have time to control or check how their children study at school. The other point is the ratio of children attending school is very low in some places.  In Kandal Province, for example, only 30.7% of 19,981 six year old children attend school.  In Phnom Penh City, 78.6% of 19,547 children attend school, which is the highest in the country.  As for children who drop out of school, it is 2.45% for the first grade pupils in Kandal Province. (Data from the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports, 1996- 97).  In Cambodia it is very difficult for parents with many children to send all their children to school, because children are often needed for work such as looking after cattle or younger children, or working in the fields.
Teachers with Side Jobs
Yim Pha is 43 and married. She works for Kampuchabot  Primary School in  Phnom Penh.  She teaches in the morning this month "Working with children in the first grade is enjoyable, but I keep worrying about making living", she said.   Actually it is very important for Cambodian teachers to earn extra income in addition to their public service salary of about $20 per month.  For Yim Pha with four children, she needs to spend Ms Yim Phaや参行をけらける常にてい料用ない方文万家平总部耐冷部部の西西
緊散ら刊
心心心はないから静かさ止地ローロッ国際のホーム海外旅松田谷茂宗之百郡山からいされて畑や生焼けるあり冒険を行きました。そのよい座り味。やりやい菌国や加中本トコや味楽対:45 、自分なポルチェム・コソル、サムロンクロム村保育所にて小学校の前でお菓子などを売るジム・バー先生と娘Ms Yim Pha selling snacks at the school with her daughter at least $150 per month. It is obvious to see that most teachers lack abilities to concentrate their occupational attention on matters associated with teaching.  Because of "the low living condition", they cannot think of something to improve the quality of primary education. Yim Pha also has a side job of selling snacks at the school taking turns with her daughter who is studying at the same school.   “Even though the salary is very small, I still keep working for children. My husband who has retired from primary school teaching job is currently helping to earn income for family by driving motorbike for hire and my children help me with  my small business, too."
My Experience as a Teacher
and an Exchange Student
After the end of the Pol Pot Regime, I became a primary school teacher in 1980 by attending one and a half month teacher training course. (Now it is one year course).  At that time, teachers were in great demand. Children were very different in ages after the Pol Pot Regime. Some 10-12 years old children just started the first grade at primary school. In the first year, I taught the second grade at Tlok Chrov Primary School in Kampong Cham Province where I used to attend, and then the fourth grade for four years.  At that time schooling was for four years in  primary school. After five years of teaching in primary school, I moved to Phnom Penh to study Russian language at University of Phnom Penh for four years to become a secondary school teacher. I still remember the year I was in Russia for study of Russian language from 1987 to 1988.  Most Russian people were well educated and they understood very well about the importance of primary education for their children. Even though they were busy, still they could arrange some time to spend for their children such as taking them to the park or helping them at home with problems they did not understand at school. In Cambodia, many parents concentrate on earning income to support the  family  rather  than on what their children need for their development. This is the major problem for improving the primary education in Cambodia.
What is Needed Now
in Cambodia
Through my experience as a teacher so far, I believe that teaching is an interesting job for myself and useful for the society. Teachers are very important force for developing human resources, which is the key for development of  Cambodia. Teachers should be qualified and sympathetic for education.  In addition, teachers should have their standard of  living improved. Because of the civil war which lasted for more than 20 years, today's primary education lacks many things; buildings, teachers and teaching methodology.  We are faced today with a lot of works such as  building more schools and improving teachers' qualification,  although it takes a long time.  In order to do this, it is needed to train teachers and to improve the quality of education. 「幼い難民を考える会」が活動を始めて17年。タイの難民キャンプ、タイやカンボジアの村々の子どもたち、そして日本に定住したベトナム、ラオス、カンボジアの人たちとともに歩んできました。それぞれの現場で、子どもたち自身がもつ「育つ力」に励まされながら様々なかたちで会の活動に携わってきた人々が、 "いま"をどう生き、何を考えているかをご紹介します。 / Ms. Him Norm with her youngest daughter, Sochom無外空部附日本。ネーサー緊密よらいHS HCいりみへお外室周囲をす。さいサイや。オールス外に慣れてみさ国の非拍してい。だか五はござ理あ海ミッシ産品ーメンレ(語りじ:サルされ・与共。山東と                    と好き猫の届け米石外四へい男性させれき誰いみ市の洞バングレック。そいからい
It is 17 years since CYR started. We have been working with children of  Refugee Camps in Thailand and Thai and Cambodian villages, and with resettlers in Japan from Viet Nam, Laos and Cambodia. We shall see and hear how people who have been involved in CYR activities in various ways live and think  "now" as they have been encouraged by the inherent power of growing children.
Having Resettled in Japan
Ms. Him Norm (42) fled from the battlefield in Cambodia in 1979 to Thailand, met and married Mr. Pen Pai who was from the same region in the Refugee Camp in Thailand. They have four children born in the Camp.  Their three children used to attend CYR's Pre-school Center where their father was working as a guard.  She had participated in the weaving class offered by the Center.  The family resettled in Japan in 1987 and now live in Kanagawa Prefecture Public Housing Apartment in Sagamihara, Kanagawa. She is the fourth of eight children.  Her father and siblings from whom she was separated during the period of forced labor by the Pol Pot Regime now live in Prey Veng Province, her home.
-What were your reactions
when you arrived in Japan for the
first time?
It was about 9 o'clock at night when our bus from Narita Air Port arrived at Yamato Resettlement Promotion Center. As there were six more families from Cambodia, we were not so uneasy.  At the Center, we received the Japanese language lessons and guidance on Japanese way of life.  We had lived in the Center for eight months until my husband got a job. -You must have had a hard time living in Japan where things HimNorm難民キャンプの保育センター(1985年) Pre-school Center in Refugee Camp (1985)
are so different.
Japanese language is so hard and difficult.  There are so many things that are difficult unless you know the language, like how to do the Alien Registration and how to write papers to give to the health center.  Our eldest daughter, Sokon, has mastered Japanese early and I ask her to do everything. My family is fine.  But I have ringing in the ear and vertigo about  five years ago.  I did not understand doctors and nurses, even though Sokon helped me.  I was so worried.  I would not have known what to do if I didn't get well. Children were still small. The hardest time was when my husband had to quit work because of depression.  He had no work for 18 months.  Even though we were paid unemployment insurance for six months, we had used up all our savings during that 18 months.  I used to talk over things with him at night, and I couldn't sleep thinking about this and that. Now he works for a company that our neighbor recommended him to. You are very friendly with your neighbors in the Housing. I know them well.  I greet them regularly.  Our next door neighbor is particularly kind to us as my husband works for the same company. Our youngest daughter, Sochom, once ran high fever because of cold.  Our neighbor took her to the hospital by his car. We were so relieved.
—You speak Khmer (cambodian
language) at home.
We speak both Khmer and Japanese.  Our son, Sophat, understands Khmer but cannot speak it.  He does not like Cambodian cooking,  Children speak Japanese better, but I don't want them to forget Khmer. Three younger children study Khmer on Sundays. Last year, all of us were granted the permanent residence.  Japan is safe and children can attend schools and study regularly. I am glad that we have resettled in Japan.  All I want now is for the children to graduate from high school and become independent. I must continue working hard until then.
間を手(DEC : Developmentタピエントン・トンラさん（29歳）は、サケオ県アヤプラテート郡のビークリム保育所に1989年ランより勤務している。日々の仕事について感じること、 DECの研修に参加しての感想などを聞いた。 28人の子どもたちに日課の水治をさせるHelping 28 children to take shower is one of her daily activitiesやすいこともうようかいよ日本JR 197 、してしてみたいない作# 9さんさんいうぞや羽湿いた簡易でしてはやや思個別によりおすSせい個性致過
Interviewer: Poot BUTRATANA, DEC (Development and Education for Children/CYR in Thailand) Ms Tapiantong Tongrak (age 29) has been working at Beekrim Child Care Center, Aranyaprathet District, Srakaew Province since 1989.  She was interviewed of what she thinks about her daily jobs and training of DEC.ビエントン・トンラさんクリム保育所にてMs Tapiantong Tongrak at Beekrim Child Care Center
Problems for Child Minders
After finishing compulsory education (6 years), she had stayed at home helping her family with farming. She went to Bangkok when she was 20 to work in a sewing factory, but came back after two years; the life in Bangkok was not financially as good as she had expected. At that time, her sister who was a child minder was on leave for delivering a baby and asked her to replace the job for a month.  After that, she started to work at Beekrim Child Care Center with her sister. “For myself, I think it is not so difficult and I love children", she says. She is very fond of her work because she can watch children grow.  She says that she is very happy when she sees children change little by little through the activities she provides. The most difficult part is to win understanding of parents for the activities of the child care center.  The children now coming to child care centers are aged between one and a half and three.  (Pre-schools for children aged four and five were started in primary schools of Thailand since 1995.) Generally, almost all Thai parents want child care centers to teach the alphabets, or how to read and write. She does not know how to explain that 3-year-old children are too young to learn the alphabets and that play activities of the child care center help children to prepare for higher education. She has other problems such as that; she is so busy everyday that she does not have time to prepare for new activities or make new play materials for children, that some activities are not suitable for younger children, and also that there are not enough play tools.
Training To Support
Daily Activities
Tapiantong used to receive the training given by the government about once a year. Now she attends the training sessions three or four times a year including those given by DEC.  She also often joins the monthly training at the Child Care Information and Service Center in DEC Office. The topics she is now most interested in are "making play things" for children and "child development", "During the interview, she repeated that she wanted to "learn new things". T She had no other opportunities for training. The knowledge and information she learned through the training seems to support her daily activities in the child care center. For example, in the training on child development, she learned about the process of children's development at each age, about what they can do and what interests them during the respective stage. t. She says, she is becoming to be able to think what to do for children in her child care center by herself based on those knowledge.
“Song of Frog”
The most practical topic in the training sessions is songs and stories, because they have only to memorise and sing or tell them to children.  After the latest training, she taught the children to sing "Song of Frog" with action. "Children observe frogs more carefully than us, and then changed the action by themselves to one more similar to real frogs!" As for the training offered by DEC, she says that "DEC's staff are very friendly and make us feel comfortable and relax.  As they have the office at Aranyaprathet, not in Bangkok, I can ask them questions after training when they visit us." "I would like to learn more activities that I can carry out in my child care center", she said cagerly.
安達和美(cyr会員)楽化を進めている近隣諸国へ農産物を輸出するなど豊かな農業資源を生かして、21世紀に向けてこの国の繁栄に期待したいと締めくくられた。参加者の質問に答えて、カンポジアでの公務員の給与や一般の人々の生活状況、観光と農業への取り組み、来年の総選挙へ向けての政治的状況なども話された。講演会に参加したＣＹＲ会員、安達和美さんの感想です。去る6月15日、ＣＹＲは、今川幸雄氏（前・駐カンボジア大使）を迎えて、講演会「カンボジアの変遷と子どもたちの担う未来」を開催した。約１時間の講演では、始めにＣＹＲを含め非政府組織として自由な立場で活動できるＮＧＯの活動の意義が述べられた。続いてカンポジアの変遷……小国ながら一国平和主義を保っていた1970年まで、内戦期、和平に向けての過程……が体験を交えて話され、カンポジアの未来は、工_幾年の中,ヘオースススタレ源ソー Hご満戸今へ残にはささなら動物どより辛やす海S出-万都港の住民の一へご惑が開登物入れたらいう。たて様さな説（1 &インイ中llヘロー品格でルたが話差ら残り勘議からなりしうことんいう品や, will回っていいや出高ら風というの部内は非らトールいやりすから、ご見てい後ごみどんいづかバールのアット時合に適ぶやすいよんごんこう画像海のリーを広いとこ随器でイビ たんいんか争みH-国内国したいoそれよううやを海」へ沿のブなポン斗い防災と繋がし环道旅行をしていこいえる風です外海の建築いていきたいからないからなみごふさんネ罪で飛みます酒井のうや画式についていけどうごとで入などレストバンンルーからゆるのsuprバッティットをか？？ (^ ( 1みのはごサウンタネスや外出国へうつ張幅定」 ですよ～ EEいとうふう酸え・や楽園うん。苦や弱論日rsがみHSやや単基、ほんかけたれるよううご覧いたんだ。ヘルコたいこともこ*青回テリやバッい物& い
Kazumi  ADACHI  (CYR Member) On June 15, Mr. Yukio Imagawa (former Japanese Ambassador to Cambodia) gave a lecture for CYR entitled  "Transition in Cambodia and Its Future Supported by Children".   In his 1-hour lecture, Mr. Imagawa first discussed the meaningfulness of activities of NGOs such as CYR, which are free from various restrictions imposed on governmental organizations.  He then described the transition Cambodia has gone through from the peaceful times as a small but united country up to the end of 1960s, the civil war years, and the process toward peace based on his personal experience.  Mr. Imagawa concluded his lecture by expressing his expectations for the future of Cambodia as an exporter of agricultural products to neighboring countries where industrialization is in progress.  Answering questions from the audience, he described the wage levels of government officials, life of people, their endeavors toward tourism and agriculture, and the political situation as the country prepares for general election for the next year.  Ms. Kazumi Adachi, a CYR member, told us of her impressions. lthough Cambodian history always confuses me, Mr. Imagawa's concise and brilliantly presented lecture was like "listening to the Tales of Heike, a popular chronicle about medieval Japan" according to a friend of mine. Anecdotes about King Sihanouk, Mr. Hun Sen, and Prince Ranariddh, the posture of Japanese Government, Pol Pot's threat against his life, inside stories of the Peace Talks, etc. could not have been told so vividly unless by someone who was actually present at the scene. To simply receive and assume understanding of abundant information about the past and future of a country one supports without examining the quality of such information may cause us overlook the right direction of our support.  I was most fortunate to have had a chance of listening to Mr. Imagawa and understanding Cambodia. It is beyond my imagination that people of one country should divide themselves into factions and fight each other. CYR's activities involved extensively with people of Cambodia should continue by constantly asking "why we are doing it", not "what and how much we have done". I remember a story of a person who returned alive from Auschwitz. "In the struggle for survival in the camp, the number of stories one read in childhood largely affected subsequent life and death." What is the soup on which a person can survive? What is the true gift an adult can give to children?  We should always keep thinking of the name of our organization, Caring for Young Refugees.  When I involve myself with children of a country like Cambodia, I would like to exercise my imagination to the Ms. Kazumi Adachi with her dogs. fullest extent possible since I do not know what a war is like and continue supporting them.て部ゆ出場、て言勢え正十三大+う>気恥子中もうノ平外表|すやみからいされにもに、みみみみみ時Srvwh   ,され緊時油う国際「四少日本野楽文献にしてCYR held its 17th annual meeting on June 15 at Shinsei Kaikan, Shinjuku, Tokyo which was attended by 247 members (27 in person and 220 by proxy). The meeting deliberated the reports on projects and accounting for 1996 and the plans and budget for 1997, respectively presented by Atsuko Takahashi, Head, Secretariat in Tokyo, Rika Minemura, Liaison Officer in Phnom Penh and Prisana Narinram, Child Care Coordinator in Thailand.  As radical decreases are expected in income from grants and donation, the payment from the special account was proposed.  For expanding the activities and raising the fund, possibilities of soliciting support from private companies and increasing members were studied. Another proposal for revising the Articles of Incorporation to create "student membership" was discussed. The meeting approved all the items on the agenda.
Student Membership Created
CYR 17th General Assembly approved creation of Student Membership.  The annual membership fee is reduced to ¥3,000 for students. They will receive the CYR News and letters as well as invitations to participate in CYR events such as short term study programs. Please join now.
会員事がす（会員の活別にの印をつけてください）
学生会員・賛助会員）になり、ＣＹＲの活動を支援しますEIご住所下
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YR News No.43
発行日画Published 1997年8月5日  August 5, 1997発行人口Publisher深水IF等Masakatu Fukamizu編集責任者職Editorial Director関口耐失Harumi Sekiguchi務訳目Translation 44犬井Sachiko Ohi DTPデザイン画DTP Design万里亀田Mari Kameda FORIO Printing税三産日有Sanko Printing Co.,Ltd.発送目Circulation CYRボランティアCYR Volunteersお名前(ふりがな) Bangkok: Red Rose Court # C-1, 110/6 Pradipat Rd. Bangkok 10400, Thailand ☎ 279-8837 Phnom Penh: No.98 St. 432 Sangkat Toul Tumpoung  II , Khan Chamkar Mon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 1723-720849