Extended Energy Snapshot (Ex SS Model) – Iskandar Malaysia HO C S, Matusoka Y, Gomi, Janice, Yoshimoto September 17, 2009 Tsukuba, Japan ▶ Participating Model: ExSS (Extended Tool Snapshot) Model Type: Energy Integrated Model ▶ Participating Modelers: Matsuoka Yuzuru,  Gomi Kei, Shimada Koji, Yoshimoto Kohsuke, Janice Simson and Ho Chin Siong ▶ Time Step:  1 year ▶ Time Frame: 2005 to 2025 ▶ Solution Type: Static, Accounting method ▶ Equilibrium Type: Market Equilibrium ▶ Underlying Computing Framework: General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMs) and Microsoft Excel spreadsheet.
▶ Key inputs
Demographics: population by region/ local authority, population composition ratio by sex and age cohort, average household size. Economic: Labor force participation ratio by sex and age cohort, Export value (demand of goods  and services from other areas by industrial classification), Import rate (rate supplied from industry outside the area, among the demand of goods and service within the area.), Government expenditure (gov. consumption expenditure, gov. fixed capital formation) Resources:  Coal & gas, crude oil, petroleum product, renewable energy, nuclear, hydro power, and electricity. ■ ■ Technology:  Technology representations of production, transformation and use technologies.
▶ Key outputs
■ Economic: GDP, Gross output by sectors (primary, secondary & tertiary industry), passenger transport & freight transport ■ Energy: Energy balance table, GHG emission inventory. ■ Emissions: CO₂ emissions by sectors (residential, commercial, industrial, passenger transport & freight transport) ■ Climate: GHG reduction by measures .
▶ Regional Profile:
■ Regional Scope: District level ■  Number of Sub-Regions: five ■  Flagship zons: Johor Bahru City Center, Nusajaya, Western Gateway Development (Pontian), Eastern Gateway Development (Pasir Gudang), Senai-Skudai.
▶ Other Details:
■  Energy Demand Sectors: Residential, Commercial, Industry, Freight Transportation, Passenger Transportation, ■ Energy Supply Sectors: Coal & gas, crude oil, petroleum product, renewable energy, nuclear, hydro power, and electricity ■  Other Sectors: - Methodology developed by Shimada et.al (2006), Gomi et. Al (2007) ● Base Year : 2005 ● Target Year 2025 ● Emission Target >  30% reduction of CO, per capita from 2005 to 2025 with Counter Measures > 50% reduction of CO, emission from 2025BaU to 2025CM ● Scenarios >  2025 BaU (business as usual)  without  Counter measures > 2025 CM  with Counter measures > Sensitivity analysis Economic activity level Commuting structure
7 8 Increase in demand for natural gas (3.2 times) the consumption in 2005. Energy sources such as biomass, solar and wind power will be newly introduced for primary energy in 2025 CM case. 9
¤ Transport demand management ¤ Fuel shifting ¡¤ Efficiency improvement (buildings) ■ Efficiency improvement (transport) ■ Efficiency improvement (industry) ¤ Efficiency improvement (power ■ GHG emissions
RESIDENTIAL  & COMMERCIAL SECTOR
○ Energy  Efficiency  (EE) Improvement (Buildings & equipments) ○  Lowering CO,  Intensity (Renewable Energy – Photovoltaic powergeneration system)
TRANSPORTATION (FREIGHT & PASSENGER)
• Transport Demand Management (Improvement of Public Transportation Sector) ○ EE   Improvement (Hybrid Vehicles) • Lowering CO, Intensity (Renewable Energy- Bio fuel)
INDUSTRY & POWER SECTOR
• EE  Improvement— (Improvement in Operations & Equipment, Promotion of Technology Transfer) • Lowering CO, Intensity (Increase share of Natural Gas Usage) The current annual Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in IM are approximately 12.6 million t-CO₂, and in the BaU scenario it will increase to 45.5 million t-CO₂ or 3.6 times higher than that of 2005. •  However by adopting the mitigation options available, by 2025 the emissions can be decreased approximately 60% and suppressed to a 19.6 million t-CO 2 . •  The goal of developing Iskandar Malaysia as a Low Carbon Society is possible with the reduction of CO 2 emissions per capita. •  To realize a LCS, IM has to have new and bold policies to encourage and promote businesses and citizens have to take countermeasures to lower the emissions levels. 13