Shoichi ANDO  Dr. Prof. Director, Disaster Management Policy (DMP) Program National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS), Japan 10 IWSMRR 25 Sept. 2013 Shoichi ANDO ando@grips.ac.jp Contents 1. History of Japanese Disaster Management 2. 2011 Great East Japan (Tohoku) Earthquake 3. Earthquake Observation/Researches in Japan 4. Countermeasures against Earthquake Disasters 5. Reference (Evaluation Method for Liquefaction Potential)
people
18,000 2011 confirmed dead : 2011 the missing: 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 Great East Japan Earthquake (as of '12 Feb.7th) confirmed dead 15,846 people、the missing 3,317people p Typhoon No.12 (as of '11 Nov. 2nd) confirmed dead 78 people, the missing 16people, '45.1 Mikawa Farthquake (2,306 people) and '45.9 Makurazaki Typhoon (3,756 people) Typhoon No.15 (as of '11 Nov. 2nd) confirmed dead 17people、the missing 1 people ‘59.9 Isewan Typhoon (5,098 people) '95.1 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake (6,437 people) 753.7 Nanki Torrential Rain (1,124 people) ´54.9 Typhoon Toyamaru (1,761 people) Annone Jose '45 '47 '99' 99' 97 99' 93' 91' 89' 87' 83' 83' 77 '7出典:理科年表,日本気象災害年表,警察庁資料、総務省消防庁資料
Shoichi ANDO ando@grips.ac.jp
Development of Earthquake Resistance Measures

Miyako City, Taro area (Iwate) Before 11 Mar. 2011 After 11 Mar. 2011 MIYAGI  (Onagawa Town)
Tohoku 2011.3
。
Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
It monitors earthquake activities throughout Japan. When an earthquake occurs, the hypocenter is located immediately and tsunami forecasts and other earthquake information are reported. National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Mitigation (NIED) - K-net: a network of strong-motion seismographs at approximately 1,000 locations nationwide. - Hi-net: a network of high-sensitivity seismographs at approximately 800 locations nationwide. The Coordination Committee for Earthquake Prediction (Geographical Survey Institute (GSI) ) It monitors earthquake activities throughout Japan. Building Research Institute (BRI) It monitors earthquake activities throughout Japan. When an earthquake occurs, the hypocenter is located immediately and tsunami forecasts and other earthquake information are reported. Shoichi ANDO ando@grips.ac.jp
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Shoichi ANDO Sites of seimic intensity meters ando@grips.ac.jp JMA Seismic Intensity Scale GRIPS Shoichi ANDO ando@grips.ac.jp Issuance of Seismic Intensity Information (Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku Earthquake in 2008) Shoichi ANDO ando@grips.ac.jp Long term prediction of major active faults by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) Shoichi ANDO ando@grips.ac.jp
Seismic Hazard Map
A Seismic Hazard Map shows the predicted likelihood of a strong ground motion occurring in a given area within a set period of time. Probabilities of intensity 6 and over The intensities with 3 % probability within 30 years Within 30 years Shoichi ANDO ando@grips.ac.jp
http://www.j-shis.bosai.go.jp/?lang=en Intensity 6 and more in 30 years around Tokyo Surface Ground Amplification Shoichi ANDO ando@grips.ac.jp GRIPS Earthquake and Tsunami Countermeasures Japan Trench & Kuril Trench EQs Large-Scale Earthquake Countermeasures Special Act (1978)
Estimation of intensity of Tokyo Inland EQ (M7.3) Shoichi ANDO ando@grips.ac.jp Estimation of damage to houses and buildings in Central Tokyo Damage Summary 2 (Northern Tokyo-bay Eq.) Estimate Supposition : Winter,  6 p.m. , Wind V=15m/s 1) Collapsed or burned buildings   2) Death toll  11,000 850,000 ◇Debris produced 96 million tons ◇Injured 210,000 Serious injured 37,000 Shoichi ANDO ando@grips.ac.jp

1. Rebuilding to earthquake-resistant and
fireproof buildings
It is clear that urban areas where rate of fireproof building is high and density of building is low, become very safe from disasters. Remarkable improvement in rate of collapsed houses and semi- collapsed houses was found after enforcing the new earthquake- resistant planning rules (1981). It’s found that the promotion of rebuilding is effective to make safe urban areas.
2. Developing urban fire-block zones
An “urban fire-block zone” is surrounded by main roads, railways, rivers and fireproof  buildings in order to stop the spread of fire. Therefore, people don't  need to refuge or fires don't spread in the city when an earthquake occurs. GRIPS Shoichi ANDO ando@grips.ac.jp Damage to buildings and others caused by a great earthquake (The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster in 1995) . Damage situation after the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake
. Great earthquakes presumed to occur in the future
Shoichi ANDO ando@grips.ac.jp GRIPS Measures for promoting Fireproof Buildings and the Urban Structure Measures for promoting Fireproof Buildings and the Urban Structure
The act was enforced in 1997 and reformed in 2003  to promote totally to improve densely built-up areas which have the high risk of disasters. ando@grips.ac.jp Disaster Prevention Map   Arai Town, Shizuoka GRIPS Seismic Hazard Map
国土交通用Press Release NILIM released Software for Calculation of Soil Liquefaction Potential (Download begins including English Language Version) NILIM provides new software entitled “Spreadsheet for Liquefaction Potential Estimation on Detached Housing Land”. It is downloadable from NILIM Homepage or below URL. http://www.nilim.go.jp/lab/jbg/takuti/takuti.html This software is developed mainly for the use of calculation based on the “Technical Guideline for Evaluation of Liquefaction Damage Potential on Housing Sites” which was released by City Bureau of MLIT on April, as a result of the investigation after the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake Disaster. However, it is usable for people and researchers in every earthquake country by input any value of investigated soil conditions and estimated seismic scales. NILIM hopes that the software would contribute in facilitating disaster prevention on liquefaction in the world. National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management (NILIM) Shoichi ANDO ando@grips.ac.jp ando@grips.ac.jp GRIPS