FY2017 International Workshop “Portal Site for Japanese Old Maps” Sat. March 3, 2018    Soshikan Hall, Ritsumeikan University Kinugasa Campus
Shogo Hirai (Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University)
Tokushima University Library
●  FY1997- : Data digitization and archiving of old maps/pictorial diagrams started. ● As a part of the development of digital library system Tokushima University Library's concept for digitization O 1999 -  High definition digital archives of old map/pictorial diagram collections from the early-modernperiod http://www.lib.tokushima- u.ac.jp/~archive/ 2015 -  Inoh Maps Learning System http://www.lib.tokushima- u.ac.jp/~archive/inohzu/ Digital data that allows the accurate reproduction and decipherment of original materials Generation of high-definition image data on old maps/pictorial diagrams suitable for research purposes 1
held at Tokushima University Library Approx. 200 items including mainly antique maps and pictorial diagrams owned by the former domain lords of Tokushima [Tokushima] 55 items：Awa/Awaji-no-kuniezu (Province maps of Awa and Awaji (maximum size: 4.5m x 5m), 5 maps; Mura-ezù (map of a villages); etc. [Japan] 20 items： Inoh-zu (Survey Japan map first created in Japan), 10 maps; Kanban-jissoku- nihonchizu (survey map of Japan, official edition), 4 maps; etc. [Provinces] 49 items ：Various domain maps including manuscripts and reproductions; etc. [Edo (the former Tokyo)] 44 items ： various printed map of Edo castle town; etc. [Kyoto:] 16 items ： Kyo-oezu (map of Kyoto); etc. [World] 17 items ： Chikyu-zu (global map); Konnyo-bankoku-zenzu (world map); etc. Too large to spread out; unable to photograph Valuable Inoh Maps: letters are too tiny to read with the naked eyes. Awanokuni-oezu (Genroku-kuniezu) (4.25m in height, 5.04m in width) Inoh-zu/Dainihonenkaizuko (Nankai) (1.140m in height, 1.515m in width) 2
Efforts to build Digital Archives at Tokushima University Library

Started basic research on old maps/pictorial diagrams held at the library (Hirai Laboratory) 1997- Generated high resolution image data of 6 large pictorial diagrams, using the FY1997 Tokushima University Special Budget for Educational Research. (Data capacity per item: approximately 300 MB) → the capacity of computer/imaging analyzing software at the time. 1998- Started in-library use of high-resolution maps through Gigaview/Created high definition image data of total 44 old maps/pictorial diagrams by using FY1998 & 1999  KAKENHI, Grant-in-Aid for Publication of Scientific Research Results (on database) (Capacity per old map/diagram: approximately 2GB at a maximum) → DVD and external hard disk drives at the time were not fully developed (image data
1999- Posted “High Definition Digital Archive of Rare Materials,” a portal site for old maps, on the library website. High definition image data and bibliographic information made available online via MADO, a high-speed browser 2004- Started the distribution of large-capacity data via a high-definition image viewer (ZOOMA). Seamless zooming up and down of the image data available on the web. 2015- Started the publication of 4 high definition Inoh Maps created at 800 dpi (approximately 10GB per item) on the Inoh Maps Learning System in the Tokushima University Library website. This project was funded by the FY2014 Grants of the 3 Library Advancement Foundation, Japan. Tokushima University Library High Definition Digital Archive of Rare Materials http://www.lib.tokushima-
u.ac.ip/~archive/
Top page of the f Top page of t Bibliographic information Call number Title Size Year of production Writing paper Volume/form State of preservation, etc. Image ▷ High definition Number of pixels & Capacity ▷ Photograph Note Explanation Reference Preparation started in 1993 based on the baseline examination. (Hirai 2001)  requires update 4
Overcame challenges for historical map studies ▷ Limited access to rare materials/large pictorial diagrams ▷ Illegible letters in catalogs and minified reproductions ▷ Deterioration of the materials caused by using or studying them “Nankai” from the Inoh Maps ■ 114cm in height and 151.5cm in width ■ Minimum letter size: Kanji 3-5mm; Katakana 1-2mm ■ 8x10 film  Photographed in 9 separate parts ■ High definition image data (created in 1997) TIFF: 1.84GB; equivalent to 400 dpi Seamless images available on the web Digitization of high definition image Respond to two conflicted requests for the material, “using” and “preserving Advances of the computer and GIS software performance, in addition to the development of high definition image data, have facilitated the utilization of old map data and GIS research on old 5 GIS Analysis of Old Maps using High Definition Image Data Old maps/pictorial diagrams Absence of space attributes (latitude/longitude location, elevation data) and map projection Digitization of image data Capture and analyze old map image data using GIS software GIS : Geographic Information System Digital mapping systems connecting database and digitized maps Utilize geo-referencing functions of a GIS software (e.g., AcrGIS) Convert old map image data to data with space attributes (location data) Sumoto-gosange-gazu (map of Sumoto Castle town) 1,454mm in height X 1,935mm in width, Scale size: approx. 1/1200, Image data: 871MB Location adjusted using a GIS software Blue: Samurai warrior's residence Yellow: Daimyo's residence Red: Townhouse Purple: Shrines and temples GIS mapping of the 6 information provided on the old map
diagram studies 7

“Nankai” from the Inoh Maps
■ Photographed separately with a high resolution scanner. Backlight photographing ■ Super-high resolution image data (created in 2015) 10 Inoh Maps • Call No. Zen 6-1 Enkaichizu • Call No. Zen 13 Dainihonenkaizukou Nankai •  Call No. Zen 14 Dainihonenkaizukou  Saikai • Call No. Sho. 45-3 Buzennokuni-enkaichizu  3 9
Roads: 7,606 holes Other: 210 holes • compass rose • label of location High resolution digital data has enabled new methods of analyzing the Inoh Maps ●  Precision of the Inoh Maps = analysis of survey precision ● Clarification of its production method ●  Clarification of its developing process The weakest research areas among studies on the Inoh Maps. 10
Challenge: ● High cost for image data production limits the number of maps to digitize. ● Increment of data capacity ● Data utilization at recipient institutions; various publication methods ● Ownership right/copy right of image data, etc.
Expectation
● Provision of old map/pictorial diagram information ● New approaches for analyzing old maps/pictorial diagrams ● Contribution to a local society ● Link to various map information, database, and websites
Major references:
Keiko Okada (2000): “High resolution imaging of pictorial diagrams from the early modern period and their publication at Tokushima University Library" Journal of College and University Libraries 50, pp. 26-39 Akihiro Tsukamoto (2016): “Pinholes visible on super high resolution image data of the Inoh Maps held at Tokushima University” FY2014/2015 Report of the Inoh Maps Research Project edited by Tokushima University Library’s Inoh Maps Research Project, Tokushima University Library, pp. 33-42 Shogo Hirai (2001): “Background of the ‘Early-modern map/pictorial diagram collections’ held at Tokushima University Library” Journal of Tokushima Geographical Society, pp.179-191 Shogo Hirai (2004): "Digitization of the Inoh Maps and GIS-based analysis of pictorial diagrams—Trial at Tokushima University" Journal of the Japan Cartographers Association, 42-4, pp.19-20 Shogo Hirai (2009): “Utilization and GIS-based analysis of high definition image data of old maps” Journal of Information Science and Technology Association 59-11 Shogo Hirai (2011): “Creation and utilization of high definition image data/ GIS-based analysis of history using image data”  Ezugaku- nyumon (A guide to pictorial diagram studies) edited by Fumiko Sugimoto, Shogo Hirai, et. al., University of Tokyo Press, pp. 226-235 Shogo Hirai (2012): “GIS analysis for Sumotojoka-ezu”  Rekishi-GIS-no-chihei (the vast scope of GIS-based history analysis) edited by HGIS Research Conference, Bensei Publishing Shogo Hirai (2012): “Consider the scenery of terraced paddy fields in terms of historical geology—survey on cultural landscapes making use of early-modern Japan's surveyed maps and GIS software" Journal of Rice Terrace Research Association 13, pp. 47-56 Shogo Hirai (2014): “The restoration of Goryokaku in Hakodate at the end of Edo Period and jinya camp sites” Journal of Geographical Studies 89-1, pp. 26-37 11 Shogo Hirai, Susumu Asato, Makoto Watanabe ed. (2014): Kinsei-sokuryo-ezu-no-GIS bunseki (GIS analysis for surveyed maps created in early-modern period), Kokonshoin