1988 JANUARY FOR VOL.40 NO. 1 CONTENTS
COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH LABORATORY MINISTRY OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS TOKYO, JAPAN 1
sion (S) and radio propagation (P) obtained at the following stations under the Radio Research Laboratory, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of Japan.
A. IONOSPHERE
lonospheric observations are carried out at five stations in Japan by means of vertical sounding method. The published data consist of tabulations of hourly values of the ionospheric characteristics and figures of daily f-plot. All symbols and terminology in the tables or figures of ionospheric data are used in accordance with the "URSI Hand- book of Ionogram Interpretation and Reduction (Second Edi- tion) 1972" and its revision of chapters 1-4, published in July 1978.
(i) Descriptive Letters The following letters are entered after, or used to re- place a numerical value on the monthly tabulation sheets. A Measurement influenced by, or impossible because of, the presence of a lower thin layer, for example Es. B Measurement influenced by, or impossible because of, absorption in the vicinity of fmin. c Measurement influenced by, or impossible because of, any non-ionospheric reason. D Measurement influenced by, or impossible because of, the upper limit of the normal frequency range in use. E Measurement influenced by, or impossible because of, the lower limit of the normal frequency range in use. F Measurement influenced by, or impossible because of, the presence of spread echoes. G Measurement influenced or impossible because the ionization density of the layer is too small to enable it to be made accurately. H Measurement influenced by, or impossible because of, the presence of a stratification. K Presence of particle E layer. Measurement influenced or impossible because the L trace has no sufficiently definite cusp between layers. M Interpretation of measurement questionable because the ordinary and extraordinary components are not distinguishable. Conditions are such that the measurement cannot be N interpreted. o P Q R S T v W X Y Z A D E I J M o T U Z
(iii)  Description of Types of Es
When more than one type of Es trace are present on the ionogram, the type for the trace used to determine foEs must be written first. The number of multiple traces is indicated after the type letter. The types are: f An Es trace which shows no appreciable increase of height with frequency. l A flat Es trace at or below normal E layer minimum virtual height or below the particle E layer minimum virtual height. c An Es trace showing a relatively symmetrical cusp at or below foE. (Usually a daytime type.) h An Es trace showing a discontinuity in height with the normal E layer trace at or above foE. The cusp is not symmetrical, the low frequency end of the Es trace lying clearly above the high frequency end of the normal E trace. (Usually a daytime type.) An Es trace which is diffuse and non-blanketing q over a wide frequency range. r An Es trace showing an increase in virtual height at the high frequency end similar to group retardation. a An Es trace having a well-defined flat or gradually rising lower edge with stratified and diffuse traces Measurement refers to the ordinary component. Man-made perturbations of the observed parameter; or spur type spread F present. Range spread present. Measurement influenced by, or impossible because of, attenuation in the vicinity of a critical frequency. Measurement influenced by, or impossible because of, interference or atmospherics. Value determined by a sequence of observations, the actual observation being inconsistent or doubtful. Forked trace which may influence the measurement. Measurement influenced or impossible because the echo lies outside the height range recorded. Measurement refers to the extraordinary component. Lacuna phenomena, severe layer tilt. Third magneto-electronic component present.
(ii) Qualifying Letters
The following letters are entered in the first column before a numerical value on the monthly tabulation sheets. Less than. Used only when fbEs is deduced from foEs because total blanketing of higher layer is present. Greater than. Less than. Missing value has been replaced by an interpolated value. Ordinary component characteristic deduced from the extraordinary component. Mode interpretation uncertain. Extraordinary component characteristic deduced from the ordinary component. (Used for x-character- istics only.) Value determined by a sequence of observations, the actual observation being inconsistent or doubtful. Uncertain or doubtful numerical value. Measurement deduced from the third magneto- electronic component. 2 s d n k present above it. A diffuse Es trace which rises steadily with frequen- cy and usually emerges from another type Es trace. A weak diffuse trace at heights below 95 km as- sociated with high absorption and large fmin. The designation 'n' is used to denote an Es trace which cannot be classified into one of the standard types. The designation 'k' is used to show the presence of particle E. When foEs > foE (particle E) the Es type precedes k.
Definitions of the CNT, MED, UQ and LQ
c.
Median count (CNT) is the number of values from which a median has been computed. In addition to numerical values, the count may include certain descriptive letters. Median (MED) of a set of numbers is the middle value when the numbers are arranged in order of magnitude, or the average of the two middle values if there is an even number of values. Upper quartile (UQ) is the median value of the upper half of the values when they are ranked according to magnitude; the lower quartile (LQ) is the median value of the lower half.
b. SOLAR RADIO EMISSION
Solar radio observations are carried out on 100, 200 and 500 MHz at Hiraiso. Observation equipments are: a pair of crossed doublet antennas with a 6-meter and a 10-meter parabolic reflectors for 500 MHz and for 100 and 200 MHz, respectively, and three appropriate receivers. Each pair of crossed doublet antennas is used as a polarimeter. Observations are feasible almost from sunrise to sunset. Time is expressed in hours, minutes and tenths of minutes U.T. and the unit of flux density is 10~22 Wm~2 Hz~1 for both components of polarization. All symbols and terminology in the table of data are used in accordance with the "Descriptive Text of Solar-Geophysical Data, NOAA" and "Instruction Manual for Monthly Report of Solar Radio Emission, WDC-C2".
a. Daily Data at Hiraiso
Flux density. The three-hourly and daily mean values are given. Variability. The three-hourly and daily mean values are given at 200 MHz only. Variability is expressed in the following four grades. 0 quiet or no burst, a few bursts, 1 2 many bursts,دvery many bursts. The number of bursts exceeding the mean flux level is counted. Daily data with parentheses mean that observation time does not exceed one third of the period.
b. Outstanding Occurrences at Hiraiso
The phenomena are picked up on the following criteria: 1. distinct from the prevailing kind of activity, 2. correlated with other known solar phenomena, 3. remarkable change-over from one situation to another. Type is denoted by numerical code and letter symbol in parallel as follows:
Flux density is the increase of flux over the level at which daily flux is calculated, or the increase of flux over the underly- ing burst when the event is superposed on another burst of long duration. Polarization is expressed by the polarization degree and sense as follows: R or L right- or left-handed polarization, weak, moderate or strong polarization, W, M or S almost zero or unable to detect polarization 0 due to small increase of flux, polarization degree of less than 1 percent. 00 The following symbols may be attached after numerical values in table, if necessary. D greater than, or later than, less than, or earlier than, E approximate, or uncertain. U
C. RADIO PROPAGATION
a. H.F. Field Strength at Hiraiso Field strength observation of 15 MHz standard waves trans- mitted from WWV and WWVH stations which are located re- spectively at Fort Collins, Colorado and Kauai, Hawaii, is carried out at Hiraiso. In order to avoid interference among the same frequency waves, the upper sideband of WWV or WWVH with the audio tone 660 Hz is picked up by the use of a narrow band pass filter with 80 Hz bandwidth. Particulars of the transmitters and the receiver are summarized in the following table.
The tabulated field strength in dB above one microvolt per meter is the peak average of the incident upper sideband field intensity in 45 seconds after the universal time indicated on the table. Abbreviated symbols are as follows: CNT number of observed values, MED median, UD value of the uppermost decile when they are ranked according to magnitude, value of the lowest decile when they ranked LD according to magnitude, U uncertain, E less than, C influenced by, or impossible because of, any ar- tificial accident, S influenced by, or impossible because of, inter- ferences or atmospherics.
b. Radio Propagation Quality Figures at Hiraison
The tabulated six-hourly quality figures are calculated for standard waves WWV transmitted from Fort Collins and WWVH transmitted from Kauai. Quality figures expressing radio propagation conditions are ranged over five grades as follows: very poor (very disturbed), 1 2 poor (disturbed), 3 rather poor (unstable), 4 normal, S good. Whole day quality figure ranged in grades of 10, 1+, 2-, 20, 2+, 3-, 3o, 3+, 4-, 4o, 4+, 5-, 5o stands for an average of six¬ hourly ones of the two circuits. Abbreviated symbols are as follows: c artificial accident, S propagational accident, U inaccurate. Radio propagation conditions which can be described with a code in the following normal, N U unstable, W disturbed are forecast 12 hours in advance and broadcast six times per hour from JJY station. Data on a geomagnetic storm correlated with a radio propaga- tion disturbance are tabulated from observation at Kakioka Magnetic Observatory, Japan Meteorological Agency. Time (U.T.) is expressed in unit of hour and minute (or tenth of hour), and range in nanotesla. When they are uncertain quantitatively, /'s are used to replace the numerical values. Continuation of a geomagnetic storm is denoted by - - -.
c. Phase Variations in OMEGA Radio Waves at Inubo
Variations in phase and in phase deviation are monthly depicted for four OMEGA radio waves received at Inubo. Par- ticulars of transmitting stations concerned which relate to the measurement are given in the table below. In each of the four figures, variations in phase (φ) and those in phase deviation (^$) are shown in the lower part and the upper one, respectively. Variations in phase ($) are expressed by relative values at intervals of 30 minutes within every day (U.T.) (48 dots). An increasing value in this case denotes a phase delay. On the other hand, variations in phase deviation (A$) are express- ed by values at intervals of 30 minutes within every day (U.T.) (48 dots), deviated from average values at the same time for the six quietest days within the month concerned. A negative value in this case denotes a phase advance. When a polar cap phase anomaly (PCPA) is detected on the Aldra-Inubo and/or the North Dakota-Inubo circuit[s], PCPA's detected only on the Aldra-Inubo circuit are listed, in principle, below the four figures. The list mentions the start, the end, and the maximum times of a PCPA in a form of day/hour & minute in U.T. and its maximum phase deviation as a negative value. The following letters may be attached to values, if necessary. greater than, D E less than, U uncertain or doubtful.
d. Sudden Ionospheric Disturbances
(i) Short Wave Fade-out (SWF) at Hiraiso The table of short wave fade-out (SWF) is prepared from the record of field intensities measured at Hiraiso. Drop-out intensities of the 10 MHz, the 20 MHz, and the 25 MHz waves are respectively distinguished by marks ', ", and " from these of the 15 MHz wave for WWV and WWVH. Values of start, duration, type, and importance are obtained from data of the circuit whose drop-out intensity in dB is underlined as xx . When these quantities are not given correctly, they are accompanied by the following symbols. D greater than, E less than. U uncertain or doubtful. Types of fade-out are as follows: S sudden drop-out and gradual recovery, SL slow drop-out taking 5 to 15 minutes and gradual recovery. G gradual and irregular in both drop-out and recovery. Importance of fade-out is scaled according to its amplitude into nine ascending grades as 1-, 1, 1+, 2-, 2, 2+, 3-, 3, 3+. Correspondence of solar optical flare, solar radio burst, and geomagnetic crochet to SWF is marked by X in accordance with interchange messages of IUWDS and observations at Hiraiso. In table (i) SWF, date indicates the day to which start-time of event belongs. (ii)  Sudden Phase Anomaly (SPA) at Inubo Data of sudden phase anomaly (SPA) are prepared from the records of phase measurement of VLF radio waves received at Inubo. The transmitting stations are listed in the following table. Phase advance is shown in unit of degree at its maximum stage. No transmission or no reception during the period is indicated by —, and indistinguishable record is spaced out, and multi-peak event is marked by *. Out of more than two circuits on which the same SPA event is observed, the phase advance on the circuit on which the SPA is the most remarkable or distinct is underlined. As for the underlined, phase advance, start, end, and maximum times are obtained. In table (ii) SPA, date indicates the day to which start-time of event belongs. The following letters may be attached to the value, if neces­ sary. D greater than, E U less than, uncertain or doubtful.
6
8
26
36
50
58
60
f-PLOTS OF IONOSPHERIC DATA
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2441 ENCT 2 1 n ter a e . es terrs x e s i d INSOLA M le w . 11 a 10 ES TYPES B. Solar Radio Emission a. Daily Data at Hiraiso 200 MHz January 1988
1. (q) likely quiet. 2. (*) interference. B. Solar Radio Emission a. Daily Data at Hiraiso 500 MHz Hiraiso January 1988
Note: No observations during the following periods. 2145 - 2345 13th 2145 - 2342 17th 2140 - 2400 30th
Hiraiso January 1988
MEASUREMENT  OF  H.F.  FIELD  STRENGTH ( UPPER) SIDE-BAND OF WWV ) J AN  1988 FREQUENCY. 15 MHZ BANDWIDTH  80 HZ RECEIVING , ANTENNA ROD 4.5.5 NEASURED  AT  HIRAISO D A Y 956 956 956 956 956 956 956 976 956 956 1 - ξ -そう2 3  -[3 -[3 -[3 -[3 -[] - 2 4 o - }} -} -}} -}} -}} -}} -}} -}} -}} -}} -}} -}} -}} -}} -}} -}} -}} -}} -}} -}} -}} -} -} - s  -{{  -} -{{ -}} -{{ -}} -{{ -}} -{{ -}} -{{ -}} -{{ -}} -{{ -}} -{{ -}} -{{ -}} -{{ -}} -{{ -}} -{{ -}} -{{ -}} -{{ -}} -{{ -}} -{{ -}} -{{ -}} -{{ -}} -{{ -} -{{ -} -{{とい- 22とな = 22  = 22

= 22 c c c c c C 6 c c  s 25 .  7 -9 8 -1 シュ-ミュ- 2 -{{ - 9 3 -3 10 ES ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES
-22  -22  -22  -22  -22  -22 – 3 -1 1 -52 -52 11 2   -3 12 o   13  - – 2 5 14 3   5   5   5 0 15   4 -5 - 15 1 6 -58 -58 -58 -28 -21 -21 c  17 18  -21 -21 -21 -21 -21 -21 -21 -21 -21 -21 -21 -21 -21 -21 -21 -22 -22 -22 -22 -22 -22 -22 -22 -22 -22 -22 -22 19 - fi - 20 - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - ξ - - ξ - - ξ - - ξ - - us in the state.

State 
 Sta s 2 21 -5 -5 -24 -24 -24 -24 2 2 us ss
ボいず

しとも2
しES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES  ES
-3   -1   -3   -1   -9 22 -24 -24 -24 -24 -24 -24 -24 s oと1とう23 ES  E a-3   --1 us 11 7 ES -5S  5S  5S  5S  5S  5S  5S  -5S  -5S  -5S  -5S  -5S  -5S  -5S  -5S  -5S  -3S  -7 24 6500 u i vn
 1 。
 191 25 1 ES  ES 1.   -1とな
しともES 25 ES   ES C -1 2 4 2 -15 -15 =1 27 - 1 ES  ES  -1 D -9 -9 S S
E I
 -1    -1 s s ES -59 -52 -52 -52 -52 -52 -52 -52 -52 -52 -52 -52 -52 -52 -52 -15 28 -グ, - 2とすs 1 Son e - 5 29 50 UC 5とう1
とう1
 sとそ
ししs - o 4
Lu ω " 30 6 ES  E 9 9 s o E 5 - 6

レs s ঠ  31 : ES "2 ", C N T 31 31 30 30 29 30 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 ME D -1 ミュータ-ミュー 6 UD s - - 5 .0 - 11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-1-11-1-11 MEASUREMENT - OF  H.F.  FIELD  STRENGTH     ( UPPER  SIDE-BAND  OF  WRVH ) FREQUENCY  15 MHZ     BANDWIDTH  80 HZ     RECEIVING  ANTENNA  ROD  4.5 M JAN, 1988 MEASURED AT HIRAISO but 199m 23m 12  16  13  18  15   0  5  17 1 16 - 15 - 21 - 26 - 22 2 10 11 15 123 123 123 132 123 -5 -5 -5 13 -5 13 -5 13 13 13 14 14 19 14 19 14 19 123 19 3 14 -15  17  21  22  18  10  -3  18  1 4 17 13 14 22 26 10 15 5 C  17, 11, 17, 17, 15, 11, 5, 22, 15, 15, 11, 22, 22, 22, 22, 22, 22, 22, 22, 22, 22, 23 6 15 19 19 19 25 18 12 - ξξ - ξξ - ξξ - ξξ - ξξ - ξξ - ξξ - ξξ - ξξ - ξξ - ξξ - ξξ - ξξ - ξξ - ξξ - ξξ - ξξ - ξξ - ξξ - ξξ - ξξ - ξξ - ξξ - - ξξ - - ξξ - - ξξ - - - - - - - - 7 15 19 21 25 31 21 11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 14 22 13 14 8 17  18   17   20   20   20   10  -[[ 9 11  16   19   20   28   25    1 -12 -12 -12 -12 -12 -12 -12 -12 -12 -12 -12 -12  19   20   24   16 1 0 7 15 15 10 19 12 14 19 20 19 11 -22 -13 -22 -13 11 -91 241 241 16 18  15   17   20   25  -ξξ     6   22    6   -ξξ   -ξ 12 19 11 17 25 24 24 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -2 -1 -2 -1 -2 -1 -2 -1 -2 -1 -2 -1 -2 -1 -2 -1 -1 -1 1 3 0  22  15。22 17  15   17   26   27   20   13  -21   -1  -21 14. 19 18 26 26 27 32 32 33 22 25 27 36 10 0 0 - $ 1 - $ 1 - $ 1 - $ 14 21 18 17 15 8  23  21  16 23  22  22  26  25  20  14  14  3 -58 -58 -58 -58 -58 -58 -59 -59 -59 -59 -59 -59 16 16  c   c   c   c   c   c   c   c   c   c 17 = 3 -22  11  22 18  22  20  23  18  24 -59 1 8 0  27  18  16 24  14  16  20  22  24  10 -59 19 16 YS 19 22 28 16 18 - [[ 10 15 19 20 18  23  21  25  20  -1  5$  -1  5$  -1  5$  -1$  -1$  -1$  -1$  -1$  -1$  -1$  -1$  1 21 11 16 17 19 26 15 15 55 55 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 10 10 15 22 18  15  18  17  18  10  53  -11  12  -11  12  -11  12  -11  -11  -11  -11  -11   12  -11   12 23 17  15  17  22  25  26   00 -1   -5  -52  -52  -52  -52  -52  -12  -12  -12  -12  -12  10  17  10  13 24 16  14  17  21  21  20   8  - 25 20  17  17  24  15  10  22  22  -23 -5  -12  -12  -12  -12  -12  -12  -12  -12  -1  19  24  24 26 20  14  19  14  23  17  12  4 -52 -12 -12 -12 -12 -12 -12 -12 -12 -12  13  17  10 27 14  12  16  18  24  23   3  -5  -51  -11  11  -11  -11  -11  -11  -11  -11  -11  -11  -11  -11   20   19   15   15 28 19 16 19 16 18 20 12 15 1-5 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 12 14 19 21 29 20  20  19  17   2  -3  -31  -31  -31  -31  -31  -31  -31  -31  -31  -31  -31  -31   17  19   15   22 17 30 14年15年13年16年26年19年4月27 -2 -52 -52 -52 -52 -52 -52 -52 -52 -52 -52 10 -23 14 14 31 31 30 30 30 30 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 17  17  17  21  22  19   4 -4 20  22  21  26  28  25  14  26  19  25  -53  -53  -53  -53  -53  -53  -53  -13  -13  -13  -13   19  24  24  22 11  11   14   16   17   -1 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -2   10   10   10 UD CNT NE D L D

b. Radio Propagation Quality Figures at Hiraiso

c. Phase Variations in OMEGA Radio Waves at Inubo January 1988 Inubo (dog.) NORWAY - 13.6 kHz 1 00 Δ p p 27 26 19 20 21 15 12 13 14 15 Δダ( d e g . ) N. DAKOTA 100 1 0 – 1 00 -200 - 400 200 p 0 30 27 24 25 26 22 23 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 13 1 1 s l 2 DAY ... Δ P (dcg.) HAWAII - 13.6 kHz 100 stres 0 -100 -200 400 e 200 o 25 23 24 22 15 1 2 {deg.} LA REUNION - 13.6 kHz 100 - o -100 Δダ–200 400 200 0 l p Polar Cap Phase Anomaly (PCPA) on Norway-Inubo Circuit
(i) Short Wave Fade-out (SWF) at Hiraiso Hiraiso Time in U.T.
Notes CO: Colorado(WWV)  HA: Hawaii(WWVH) 1): Australia  2): London Inubo Jan . 1988 Date 1 1 1 2 11 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 15 15
IONOSPHERIC  DATA  IN JAPAN  FOR  JANUARY   1988 (Not for Sale) F-469 Vol. 40 No. 1
電離層月報（1988年１月） Queries about "lonosperic  Data in Japan" should be forwarded to " Communications Research Latoratory, Miniatry of Posts and Telecommunications, 2-1 Nukui-Kitamachi 4-chcme, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184 JAPAN,