Digital Coptic 3 July 12-13, 2020 Exposing Coptic entities Automation, search and visualization Caroline T. Schroeder University of the Pacific cschroeder@pacific.edu Amir Zeldes Georgetown University amir.zeldes@georgetown.edu Lance Martin Catholic University of America 71martin@cua.edu copticscriptorium.org Open source, open access research platform for Coptic language and literature Tools, texts, collaborative environment Interdisciplinary Today: focus on entities Thanks! ▪  This is joint work with project members and students: ■ Sichang Tu ▪  Elizabeth Davidson ▪  Mitchell Abrams ▪  Funding: NEH (HAA-261271-18, Digital Humanities Advancement Grant III A Linked Digital Environment for Coptic Studies)
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Texts talk about things: people, places... ▪  Some of these are named: ▪ “Emperor Diocletian”, “Alexandria”, …. ▪  But we also might care about non-named entities: ◾  “A holy man”, “The desert”, “a different monastery”, …. What are entities? ◾  For this talk: entities are anything you can refer to in a text (e.g. refer back to with a pronoun) ▪  Entities can be nested and belong to many types:
[also the faith of [the Catholic Church]organization]abstract Main question: how can we expose these entities to users? Goals ▪  Provide gold standard (non-)named entity data ▪  Link named entities to searchable stable identifiers ▪  Publish tools for automatic entity recognition Data Linking Automation
Exposing Coptic Entities
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Data
◾  As a pilot project, we have manually annotated the Coptic Treebank (Zeldes & Abrams 2018) for entities: =  46,000 words =  6,500 entity mentions ◾ 610 named (~10%) ◾ 441 identifiable, linked to 104 unique Wikipedia articles
◾ Common practice in Computational Linguistics – entity linking=“Wikification” (Shnayderman et al. 2019) ▪  Offers a table of authorities out-of-the-box ▪  Very stable, (rare) identifier changes are tracked ▪  Comparable and linkable to other language resources ▪  Automatically gives us Wiki articles about mentioned entities, GIS (geo-location) information, ...
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▪  Users of Coptic Scriptorium data can immediately find out who someone/where some place is Exposing Coptic Entities
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▪  Currently: Any nominal referring expression, except pronouns ■ Ten entity classes:
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▪  Entity types, identities ▪  Named/non-named ◾ Since our data is also 100% syntactically parsed: ▪  Entity head noun ([the army of the emperor]) ■  Part of speech ▪ Grammatical function ▪  Foreign/Greek loan words
◾ Try it here: ■ https://corpling.uis.georgetown.edu/annis/scriptorium/ ■ Select coptic.treebank , enter a query from the above and search! ■ Detailed ANNIS QL reference: ■ https://corpus-tools.org/annis/aql.html ■ https://copticscriptorium.org/ANNIS-tips.html
ଓରበຽo   инсаγ    · μεdcon  aqbok  ετμεςοποτλμια  ntcypια  aqeι EXMINA Єтєьєиєсооү N λλΒΑΝ N 2 HT q
s brother, went into Mesopotamia of Syria, and how when he had arrived at the place wherein were the sheep of Laban  12
▪ The Treebank is limited in scale ▪  Our goal is to include automatic entity annotations for all Coptic Scriptorium corpora by the end of summer ▪  Use Natural Language Processing tools ◾ Approach: ▪  Rely on syntax parser to identify entity mention boundaries (also tested: Recurrent Neural Network) ▪  Use state-of-the-art machine learning classifiers and high coverage knowledge base to classify entities (using CRF classifier) ▪  Cascaded entity link matching – full text, entity head, corpus and frequency biases
Tree based detection Figure 1. Universal Dependencies tree for a Coptic sentence:  "nor has the land ever adorned itself with a tomb" (Proclus, homily 13 'On Easter', in Budge ed., urn:cts:copticLit:proclus.homily13.budge) BiFLSTM with biaffine attention, Yu et al. (2020) Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)
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◾ GitDox interface (Zeldes & Zhang 2016)
▪  Enables search for documents by mentioned entities CORPUS HOME AUTHOR PEOPLE PLACES TRANSLAT dormition.john.mercad Coptic SCRIPTORIUM Corp Value

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■ ‘distant reading’ interactive visualizations of the entity data: https://copticscriptorium.org/entities/breakdown.html
▪ You can now use the Coptic-NLP tool suite to do automatic entity recognition! ▪ Online demo here, code and tools on GitHub: ▪ https://corpling.uis.georgetown.edu/coptic-nlp/
Coptic NLP Service
a<hi rend="red">q</hi>corfi ncoq ñe ιΠλΓΓଝλος བོମିମିମିମିମି . Ü TGTNPOQE HTOTH NGTKAMA ' HICATANAC &TPEGEI 620YH HYXOZH HEMA &TOYAAB ÜTINOYTE ' AYO NTETNICOXIJ MUGGPLIE &T&HTOTN Π& HINHHOTÑ · ÑΠ&TÑÞΠΗ&& ĥtanoφacıc ĥnanoctoλoc χεπετιλςωως ' μπςρπς μπνογτε . Process
Digital Coptic 3, July 12, 2020
Future plans
▪ Add automatic entity recognition to all Coptic Scriptorium corpora ▪ Manually correct named entity linking for core corpora (excl. OT, NT) ▪ Disseminate automatic entity tagging tools and data online NA 4 X e n t r a i n a t i z e MIWTN TWNOY! Thank UのThis work has been supported by NEH Division of Preservation and Access (PW-51672-14) NEH Office of Digital Humanities (HD-51907; HG-229371) DFG BMBF (German Federal Ministry of Education and Research) Georgetown University University of Oklahoma The University of the Pacific Humboldt University Canisius College Licensed under open licenses including Apache 2.0 license, MIT license Creative Commons 4.0 CC-BY license 23