CO₂地中貯留技術開発と実用化への取組～マイクロバブルCO₂圧入、光ファイバーセンシング技術～ R&D Achievements on Microbubble CO2 Injection and Fiber Optic Sensing Technologies ( ___ ) CO2 RI TE Ziqiu Xue (xue@rite.or.jp)
Geologic Carbon Dioxide Storage: The Way Forward
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▷ 40-70% of CO, injected stays in reservoir Associated CO2 Storage in CO2-EOR 3
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•  Mobile phase trapped by seal CO2 Trapping Mechanisms: long term security (how long is enough long?)
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: lab data : field data
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Well Configuration at the Reservoir Depth • Injec. Period; Jul. 2003~Jan. 2005 • Total amount; 10,400 ton CO, • Rate; 20~40 ton/day CO, Tank Compressor Pump Lorry • Reservoir; Haizume Formation (Pleistocene Sand) • Injec. Layer; Zone 2, 12m-thick • Porosity; 23% • Permeability; ave. 7mD (Pump-test) • Conditions; 48ºC, 11MPa

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Carbon Sequestration leadership I CARBON SEQUESTRATION LEADERSHIP FORUM (CSLF) TECHNICAL GROUP TASK FORCE ON IMPROVED PORE SPACE UTILISATION町管効率Storage Efficiency (economics) Improved Pore Space Utilisation: Current Status of Techniques The poré space of a CO 2 storage system is the 'resource' to a CO 2 storage site operátor. Presently, the efficieńcy of the storage resource is quite low, with only 1 to 4% of the bulk volume being utilised to store CO 2 in saline formations. A poor utilisation of this pore space resource means that the resource is wasted, and the opportunity to reduce the cost per tonne of CO 2 stored is significantly/hindered. Conversely, a resource that is effectively utilised is likely to significantly improve the economićs of CCS projects.
Carbon Sequestration leadership forum www.c/lforum.org Ordinary bubble Microbubble Nano-bubble (Macrobubble) 10 ～30 μ m < 200nm
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CO₂ distribution (left: grooved disc; right: special filter) (Patent: PCT/JP2009/064249) 19

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Elapsed time: 40 min;  Left: MB-EOR;  Right: NB-EOR Microbubble CO₂ Injection Pilot Test at the JAPEX field site
上田ほか、2020;  Xue et al., 2021)

Oil Production No CO2 injection: 60 Liter MB CO2 injection: 600 Liter
(2:00:00 Later)
injection CO, drainage-2 Xue et al., in preparation CT scan time 14:00:09 (1:00:07 Later) CT scan time 14:30:24 (1:30:22 Later) CT scan time 15:00:20 (2:00:18 Later) CO₂ drainage _ 2 → 3区間毎の時間差0:30:15 CO, drainage _ 3 → 4区間毎の時間差0:29:56 Injecting MB CO2: Penetrate and Flood low permeability zones, Improve Sweep Efficiency !
▷ Recommended Technologies for  Improved Pore Space Utilisation:
* minor modelling and laboratory investigations may be required prior to commercial scale application Carbon Sequestration leadership fo
"...realise a cost-effective solution for full-scale CCS in Norway, provided that this incite technology development in an international perspective".
QA - prepare investment decision – 2019/2020
MMV: Measurement, Monitoring and Verification (based or • First o f a kind – conservative approach Comprehensive: from atmosphere to geosphere Combination of new and traditional technologies . Baseline data collected before start-up
•Monitoring at a carbon storage site is necessary to track the movement of CO2 and assure permanence for geologic storage. •Advanced monitoring technologies are needed to decrease the cost and uncertainty in measurements and satisfy regulations. •Giving site operators the ability to: (1) measure critical subsurface parameters associated with the injected CO2,  (2) provide measurements of down-hole and reservoir conditions for real-time decision making and process optimization, and  (3) provide long-term post-injection monitoring of the fate of injected CO2. •Transformational sensor to support demonstration and deployment of advanced coal power with CCS beginning in 2025. Fiber Optic Sensing: temperature, pressure, strain, acoustic, fluid chemistry
Need continual strain data along depth?
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How optic fiber responses to deformation in alternate layers of sand and mud during water injection?
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A fully-coupled Surface-Sub surface Distributed Geomechanical Monitoring has been scheduled at North Dakota, USA. Demonstration of concept and methods: onshore surface heave (e.g. In Salah) Onshore: North Dakota Univ. /US

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The South West Hub In-Situ Laboratory – A Facility for CO 2 Injection Testing and Monitoring in a Fault Zone
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J.A. White, W. Foxall / International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 49 (2016) 413–424
Can We Achieve Gigatonne CO₂ Storage? CCS collaboration opportunities
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Source: ADB, 2013 LEARNING by DOING ! Most CCS/CCUS projects operating in North America and Europa and main operators are major oil and gas companies. Some projects in East Asian countries (China, Japan, South Korea), Australia and Middle East, but less in Southeast Asian countries. = '...realise a cost-effective solution for full-scale CCS in Norway, provided that this incite technology development in an international perspective".
Brine Extraction Storage Tests (BEST) National Risk Assessment Partnership (NRAP) is developing toolsets to reduce uncertainty and quantify potential
▷ To identify and address knowledge gaps under a new Regional Initiative to Accelerate CCUS Deployment.
万tCO2 (我が国のCCS導入のあり方に係る調査事業)調査報告書https://www.meti.go.jp/meti_lib/report/2019FY/000145.pdf (5)成熟期20,000 Low-cost : Capture (随伴ガス、高濃度CO2) Transport (排出源と貯留サイトの距離) Storage (モニタリング技術の統合、効果的運用) 15,000 10,000
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