㻝㻚䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗䜹䞊䚸䝥䝷䜾䜲䞁䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗䜹䞊䚸㟁Ẽ⮬ື㌴䛸ྛ✀⵳㟁ụ䛾⌧≧䛸䛣䜜䛛䜙䛾ືྥ

LIB ṇᴟᮦᩱ䛾⌮ㄽ㉳㟁ຊ
Li+ + e- ї Li
ȴG1 = G(Li) – G(Li+): E1

Li+ + e- + Mn2O4 ї LiMn2O4: E2
ȴG2 = G(LiMn2O4) – G(Mn2O4) - G(Li+)
㉳㟁ຊ V 䛿 V = E2 – E1 䛷䛒䜙䜟䛫䜛䚹䜎䛯䚸 ȴG = - nFE 䛻ὀព䛩䜛䛸V = E2 – E1 = - {G(LiMn2O4) – G(Mn2O4) – G(Li) }/ F䝸䝏䜴䝮䜲䜸䞁஧ḟ㟁ụ䛾ၥ㢟ⅬᏳ඲ᛶ ᭷ᶵ㟁ゎᾮ䠄ྍ⇞ᛶ䠅e-discharge‾⁛charge䝁䝇䝖 䝺䜰䝯䝍䝹䠄Co, Ni, Li䠅ฟຊ ᭷ᶵ㟁ゎᾮ䠄㧗᢬ᢠ䠅㻭㼚㼛㼐㼑㻌㻦㻌㼓㼞㼍㼜㼔㼕㼠㼑 㻯㼍㼠㼔㼛㼐㼑㻌㻦㻌㻸㼕㻯㼛㻻㻞ᐜ㔞 ஧ḟ㟁ụ䛷䛿᭱ᙉ䛰䛜䠉㻝㻣䠉㻝㻚䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗䜹䞊䚸䝥䝷䜾䜲䞁䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗䜹䞊䚸㟁Ẽ⮬ື㌴䛸ྛ✀⵳㟁ụ䛾⌧≧䛸䛣䜜䛛䜙䛾ືྥᏳ඲ᛶ᭷ᶵ㟁ゎᾮ䠄3.5V௨ୖ䛾㟁఩❆䠅䜶䝏䝺䞁䜹䞊䝪䝛䞊䝖୺యDMCOOO+DECEMCTm䠙36.4Υ

ᅛయ㟁ゎ㉁䜢฼⏝䛧䛯඲ᅛయ㟁ụ䠉㻝㻤䠉㻝㻚䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗䜹䞊䚸䝥䝷䜾䜲䞁䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗䜹䞊䚸㟁Ẽ⮬ື㌴䛸ྛ✀⵳㟁ụ䛾⌧≧䛸䛣䜜䛛䜙䛾ືྥ䝁䝇䝖䜽䝷䞊䜽ᩘ䝘䝖䝸䜴䝮䜢౑䛘䛺䛔䛛䠛

䜲䜸䞁㈓ⶶ䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾㌿᥮⌧ᅾ䛾䝸䝏䜴䝮䜲䜸䞁㟁ụ᪂䛧䛔⵳㟁䝕䝞䜲䝇Na+Li+

䝘䝜䜹䞊䝪䞁䛻䜘䜛䜲䜸䞁䜽䝷䝇䝍䝸䞁䜾㯮㖄䛻䜘䜛䜲䞁䝍䞊䜹䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁
䞉LiC6䛜㣬࿴⤌ᡂ䠄ᐜ㔞᥮⟬䛷372 mAh/g䠅䞉䛩䛷䛻ၟ⏝㟁ụ䛷㈇ᴟᐜ㔞䛿ୖ䛾㝈⏺್䛻㏆䛔䞉䝏䝳䞊䝤ෆ㒊䛷䛾㧗ᐦᗘ㈓ⶶ
䞉䝏䝳䞊䝤ᚄ䚸ෆໟศᏊไᚚ䛻䜘䜛Na+ྲྀ㎸㟁఩䛾ไᚚ䠉㻝㻥䠉㻝㻚䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗䜹䞊䚸䝥䝷䜾䜲䞁䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗䜹䞊䚸㟁Ẽ⮬ື㌴䛸ྛ✀⵳㟁ụ䛾⌧≧䛸䛣䜜䛛䜙䛾ືྥᐜ㔞ฟຊЈщử‫ٻ‬ẨẪẴỦỆỊ
䠙㧗㏿඘ᨺ㟁᭷ᶵ㟁ゎᾮ䛜㧗᢬ᢠ䠄 䡚10-2S/cm䠅䛖䛩䛟䛩䜛㟁ゎᾮ䠄䞊䠅䠄䞊䠅 䠄+䠅䠄+䠅䠉㻞㻜䠉㻝㻚䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗䜹䞊䚸䝥䝷䜾䜲䞁䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗䜹䞊䚸㟁Ẽ⮬ື㌴䛸ྛ✀⵳㟁ụ䛾⌧≧䛸䛣䜜䛛䜙䛾ືྥЈщử‫ٻ‬ẨẪẴỦỆỊ䜻䝱䝟䝅䝍䠖䜒䛖䜂䛸䛴䛾⵳㟁䝕䝞䜲䝇㟁ᴟ⾲㠃䛻䜲䜸䞁䜢྾╔䛧䛶㟁Ẽ䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊䜢㈓ⶶ

㟁ᴟᩓൢʚ᣻‫ޖ‬ǭȣȑǷǿᲢҾྸŴཎࣉᲣ
Discharge !

e-Charge !

㟁ᴟ㛗ᡤ䞉㛗ᑑ࿨䞉Ᏻᐃᛶ䞉䝝䜲䝟䝽䞊䞉⎔ቃ㈇Ⲵ䛜ᑠ䛥䛔㝜䜲䜸䞁㟁ゎᾮ㝧䜲䜸䞁䠉㻞㻝䠉㻝㻚䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗䜹䞊䚸䝥䝷䜾䜲䞁䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗䜹䞊䚸㟁Ẽ⮬ື㌴䛸ྛ✀⵳㟁ụ䛾⌧≧䛸䛣䜜䛛䜙䛾ືྥᩓൢʚ᣻‫ޖ‬ǭȣȑǷǿᲢᛢ᫆Უ䝟䝽䞊ᐦᗘ / W / kg

10000
Al㟁ゎ
䝁䞁䝕䞁䝃

㟁Ẽ஧㔜ᒙ
䜻䝱䝟䝅䝍

1000

ㄢ㢟2ḟ㟁ụ

100

䞉పᐜ㔞
10
0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊ᐦᗘ / Wh / kgǭȣȑǷǿܾ᣽Ǜ‫ٻ‬ƖƘƢǔƴƸᲹίᾀὸ ᘙ᩿ᆢ‫ٻ‬ẨẪẴỦɸю 䠐ʋl dsC䠙l 䠄஧㔜ᒙཌ䜏䠅ίᾁὸ ʚ᣻‫ޖ‬ҽỚᕓẪẴỦίᾂὸ લ˩ܾ᣽ỂẦẶẫ䠉㻞㻞䠉㻝㻚䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗䜹䞊䚸䝥䝷䜾䜲䞁䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗䜹䞊䚸㟁Ẽ⮬ື㌴䛸ྛ✀⵳㟁ụ䛾⌧≧䛸䛣䜜䛛䜙䛾ືྥi-ELOOP 䠄䝬䝒䝎 䜰䝔䞁䝄䠅䜻䝱䝟䝅䝍஧ḟ㟁ụ䛾୰䛷䛿䝸䝏䜴䝮䜲䜸䞁㟁ụ䛿䝎䞁䝖䝒䛻㧗䛔䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊ᐦᗘ㻣㻜㻜㻢㻜㻜㻡㻜㻜㻸㼕㼠㼔㼕㼡㼙㻌㼕㼛㼚㻿㼙㼍㼘㼘㼑㼞㻌㼟㼕㼦㼑㼂㼛㼘㼡㼙㼑㼠㼞㼕㼏㻌㼑㼚㼑㼞㼓㼥㻌㼐㼑㼚㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻔㼃㼔 㻛㻌㻸㻕ܾ᣽㻠㻜㻜㻟㻜㻜㻞㻜㻜㻺㼕㻙㻹㻴㻺㼕㻙㻯㼐㻝㻜㻜㻸㼕㼓㼔㼠㼑㼞㻌㼃㼑㼕㼓㼔㼠㻸㼑㼍㼐㻙㼍㼏㼕㼐㻜㻜㻡㻜㻝㻜㻜㻝㻡㻜㻞㻜㻜㻞㻡㻜㻟㻜㻜㻟㻡㻜㻳㼞㼍㼢㼕㼙㼑㼠㼞㼕㼏㻌㼑㼚㼑㼞㼓㼥㻌㼐㼑㼚㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻔㼃㼔㻌㻛㻌㼗㼓㻕䠉㻞㻟䠉㻠㻜㻜㻝㻚䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗䜹䞊䚸䝥䝷䜾䜲䞁䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗䜹䞊䚸㟁Ẽ⮬ື㌴䛸ྛ✀⵳㟁ụ䛾⌧≧䛸䛣䜜䛛䜙䛾ືྥGravimetric energy density䝸䝏䜴䝮-✵Ẽ㟁ụ䛿䜺䝋䝸䞁䛻༉ᩛ䛩䜛䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊ᐦᗘWh/kg
Hipressure H2 gas(35MPa)

10,000CNG(20MPa)

MethanolGasoline

Li-Air Battery

Li-S Battery

1,000

Hydrogen adsorption
alloy

100
Li ion battery
10Ni-MH battery
10Wh/L2,500

7,500

5,000

10,000Volumetric energy density㔠ᒓ-✵Ẽ㟁ụദಊ෇ཋឋểẲềᆰൢɶỉᣠእửМဇẴỦẮểỂᩓ൷ỉỺ἟ἽἀὊ݅ࡇử᭗ẪỂẨỦe-e-

O2e-e㔠
ᒓ㈇ᴟ

㔠ᒓ䜲䜸䞁㟁ゎᾮ䠉㻞㻠䠉ṇᴟ

㻝㻚䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗䜹䞊䚸䝥䝷䜾䜲䞁䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗䜹䞊䚸㟁Ẽ⮬ື㌴䛸ྛ✀⵳㟁ụ䛾⌧≧䛸䛣䜜䛛䜙䛾ືྥྛ✀㔠ᒓ-✵Ẽ㟁ụ䛾⌮ㄽ䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊ᐦᗘ
㉳㟁ຊ
䠄㼂㻕

㔠ᒓ

㔜㔞䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊
ᐦᗘ㻔㼃㼔㻛㼗㼓㻕య✚䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊ᐦᗘ㻔㼃㼔㻛㻸㻕

㻸㼕㻛㻻㻞

㻞㻚㻥

㻝㻝㻝㻠㻜

㻡㻥㻠㻥㻺㼍㻛㻻㻞

㻝㻚㻥㻠

㻞㻞㻢㻜

㻞㻝㻥㻞

㻯㼍㻛㻻㻞

㻟㻚㻝㻞

㻠㻝㻤㻜

㻢㻠㻣㻥㻹㼓㻛㻻㻞

㻞㻚㻥㻟

㻢㻠㻢㻞

㻝㻝㻞㻠㻠

㻭㼘㻛㻻㻞

㻞㻚㻣㻝

㻤㻝㻜㻜

㻞㻝㻤㻣㻜

㼆㼚㻛㻻㻞

㻝㻚㻢㻡

㻝㻟㻡㻜

㻥㻢㻞㻢





ᐯѣ៻ဇ
ʣᤲᆰൢᩓ൷

㔠ᒓள㖄஺᥮
䝞䝑䝔䝸䞊஺᥮

䠄䠍䠅䝸䝏䜴䝮✵Ẽ㟁ụ 䠄᭷ᶵ㟁ゎᾮ䠅
e-e-

2Li + O2

Li2O2 ' 8

2Li + O2

2Li2O ' 8e-O2Li+eO2
Li+O2㈇ᴟ

᭷ᶵ㟁ゎᾮṇᴟ 䠄Ⅳ⣲ᮦᩱ䠅䠉㻞㻡䠉

Li2O, Li2O2䛾⏕ᡂ㻝㻚䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗䜹䞊䚸䝥䝷䜾䜲䞁䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗䜹䞊䚸㟁Ẽ⮬ື㌴䛸ྛ✀⵳㟁ụ䛾⌧≧䛸䛣䜜䛛䜙䛾ືྥ

2Li + O2

Li2O2

2Li + O22Li2O‫ٻ‬ƖƳᢅᩓ‫ן‬Მ䝬䞁䜺䞁㓟໬≀䛺䛹䛾ゐ፹

J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 1, 2193

䠄䠏䠅䝸䝏䜴䝮✵Ẽ㟁ụ 䠄Ỉ⣔+᭷ᶵ㟁ゎᾮ䠅䝸䝏䜴䝮Ỉ㓟໬≀䛜⏕ᡂ
e-e-᭷ᶵ㟁ゎᾮỈ⣔㟁ゎᾮe-

4Li + O2 + 2H2O

H2Oe-

Li+O2

LiOH

4LiOH

Li+ + OH-

LiOH

᳸ 
Li+ OH-㈇ᴟ

ᅛయ㟁ゎ㉁ṇᴟ䠉㻞㻢䠉8㻝㻚䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗䜹䞊䚸䝥䝷䜾䜲䞁䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗䜹䞊䚸㟁Ẽ⮬ື㌴䛸ྛ✀⵳㟁ụ䛾⌧≧䛸䛣䜜䛛䜙䛾ືྥ⌧≧䛾LIB䛾ㄢ㢟ḟୡ௦LIBᏳ඲ᛶ඲ᅛయ㟁ụ䝫䝇䝖LIB䝘䝖䝸䜴䝮䜲䜸䞁㟁ụ䝁䝇䝖᭷ᶵ䝷䝆䜹䝹㔠ᒓ✵Ẽ㟁ụᐜ㔞ከ౯䜲䜸䞁㟁ụฟຊ

LiS㟁ụ䛂NEDOḟୡ௦⮬ື㌴⏝⵳㟁ụᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ䝻䞊䝗䝬䝑䝥2008䛃䜘䜚䠉㻞㻣䠉㻝㻚䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗䜹䞊䚸䝥䝷䜾䜲䞁䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗䜹䞊䚸㟁Ẽ⮬ື㌴䛸ྛ✀⵳㟁ụ䛾⌧≧䛸䛣䜜䛛䜙䛾ືྥ⮬ື㌴⏝⵳㟁ụ䛾㛤Ⓨ䛾᪉ྥᛶబྜྷ㟁ụ1925 ᖺ ㇏ ⏣ బ ྜྷ 䛿
䛄100㤿ຊ䠄75 kW䠅䛷36 ᫬ 㛫 ᣢ ⥆ 㐠 ㌿
䠄2700 kWh䠅䛷䛝䚸㔜
䛥60㈏䠄225䜻䝻䜾䝷䝮䠅䚸ᐜ✚10❧᪉ᑻ
䠄278䝸䝑䝖䝹䠅௨ෆ䛅䛾㟁ụ䜢㛤Ⓨ䛧䛯䜒䛾䛻䚸ᙜ᫬䛾㔠㢠䛷
100 ୓ ෇ 䠄 ⌧ ᅾ 䛾 ⣙100൨෇䠅䛾㈹㔠䜢䛰
䛧䛯䚹䛔䜎䛰䛻ᐇ⌧䛿䛷䛝䛶 䛔 䛺 䛔 䛜 䚸 12,000
Wh/kg, 9700 Wh/L䛻┦ᙜ䛩䜛䚹⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬2006ᖺ䛂ḟୡ௦⮬ື㌴⏝㟁ụ䛾ᑗ᮶䛻ྥ䛡䛯ᥦゝ䛃䜘䜚䛂NEDOḟୡ௦⮬ື㌴⏝⵳㟁ụᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ䝻䞊䝗䝬䝑䝥2008䛃䜘䜚䠉㻞㻤䠉㻝㻚䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗䜹䞊䚸䝥䝷䜾䜲䞁䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗䜹䞊䚸㟁Ẽ⮬ື㌴䛸ྛ✀⵳㟁ụ䛾⌧≧䛸䛣䜜䛛䜙䛾ືྥ⇞ᩱ㟁ụ䠖⡆༢䛺ཎ⌮䛾ㄝ᫂ؕஜႎỆỊ൦ỉᩓൢЎᚐỉᡞ

O2

H2O2

H2H2 O⇞ᩱ㟁ụỈ䛾㟁ẼศゎᩓᚐឋίѣẪỶỼὅᆔὸỆợụẟẪếẦỉἑỶἩầẝỦ⇞ᩱ㟁ụ䛾✀㢮ᅛయ㧗ศᏊᙧ䝸䞁㓟ᙧ

⁐⼥Ⅳ㓟ሷᙧ

ᅛయ㓟໬≀ᙧ䠄㻼㻱㻲㻯䠅䠄㻼㻭㻲㻯䠅䠄㻹㻯㻲㻯䠅䠄㻿㻻㻲㻯䠅㟁ゎ㉁ᅛయ㧗ศᏊ⭷

䝸䞁㓟ᐜ㓟Ⅳ㓟ሷᏳᐃ໬ 䝆䝹䝁䝙䜰

సືᖖ

䡚100Υ

150䡚200Υ

650䡚700Υ

700䡚1000Υ

Ⓨ㟁ຠ⋡40䡚60䠂

40䡚45䠂

40䡚60䠂

50䡚60%Ⓨ㟁つᶍ

50 kW௨ୗ

50䡚200 kW

250 kW䡚ᩘ10୓
kW100 kW䡚ᩘ10୓kW㛤Ⓨ≧ἣᐇド䠋ᐇ⏝໬ẁ㝵ᐇ⏝໬ẁ㝵ᐇド䠋ᐇ⏝໬ẁ㝵◊✲䠋ᐇドẁ㝵ᐙᗞ䞉ᑠᆺᗑ⯒䚸୰ᆺつᶍ䛾ᕤሙ䜔ᑠつᶍ䛛䜙⮬ື㌴䚸䜸䝣䜱䝇䝡䝹䛺䛹኱つᶍ㟁ຊ஦ᴗ⏝኱つᶍ䜎䛷✀㢮⏝㏵ᗘ䝰䝞䜲䝹ᶵჾ䛺䛹H+ᖜᗈ䛔Ⓨ㟁⏝

H+

CO32-

http://www.raku-eco.jp/fuelcell/kind.html
http://www.gas.or.jp/fuelcell/contents/01_6.html
http://www.nedo.go.jp/nenryo/denchi/index.html#nenryo 䛺䛹䠉㻞㻥䠉O2-㻝㻚䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗䜹䞊䚸䝥䝷䜾䜲䞁䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗䜹䞊䚸㟁Ẽ⮬ື㌴䛸ྛ✀⵳㟁ụ䛾⌧≧䛸䛣䜜䛛䜙䛾ືྥ⇞ᩱ㟁ụ䠄Fuel Cell䠅 1839ᖺཎ⌮䛿䠍䠕ୡ⣖䛻䛺䛳䛯ᖺ䚸ᖺ䚸䛻䜲䜼䝸䝇䛾䝕䞊䝡䞊ཀ䛜Ⓨぢ䚹୍ㄝ䛷䛿䜲䜼䝸䝇䛾䝙䝁䝹䝋䞁䠄William Nicholson䠅䛸䜹䞊䝷䜲䝹䠄Anthony Carlisle䠅䛜Ⓨぢ 䛸䜒䚹⇞ᩱ㟁ụ䛜䜘䛟ヰ㢟䛻䛾䜌䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䛳䛯䛾䛿᭱㏆䛾䛣䛸䛰䛜䚸䛭䛾Ṕྐ䛿ᐇ䛿䜶䞁䝆䞁䠄ෆ⇞ᶵ㛵䠅䜘䜚䜒ྂ䛛䛳䛯䟿ᖺ䚸䜲䜼䝸䝇䛾䜾䝻䞊䝤ཀ䛜ୡ⏺䛷䛿䛨䜑䛶⇞ᩱ㟁ụ䛾ᐇ㦂䛻ᡂຌ䛧䛯䛭䛖䛰䚹䛭䛾䛸䛝䛾ᐇ㦂䛿䛣䜣䛺ᵝᏊ䚹
4䛴䛾䝡䞊䜹䞊䛻䛯䜎䛳䛶䛔䜛䛾䛜䛂㟁ゎ㉁䛃䠄ᕼ◲㓟䠅䚹䛭䛣䛻⇞ᩱᴟ䛸✵Ẽᴟ䛜䛥䛥䛳䛶䛚䜚䚸⇞ᩱ㟁ụ䛜4䛴┤ิ䛻䛴䛺䛜䛳䛶䛔䜛≧ែ䚹ୖ䛾ᑠ䛥䛔䝡䞊䜹䞊䛿䚸4䛴䛾⇞ᩱ㟁ụ䛷㉳䛝䛯㟁Ẽ䛷䚸Ỉ䛾㟁Ẽศゎ䜢⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹*䛣䛾ᅗ䛛䜙⇞ᩱ㟁ụ䛻䜘䜛㟁ຊ㈓ⶶ䛾ᅔ㞴䛥䠄ຠ⋡䛾ᝏ䛥䠅䛜䛖䛛䛜䛘䜛䚹ὀ䠖ୗ䛾ヨ㦂⟶䛾୰䛾Ỉ⣲䛸㓟⣲䛿᭱ึྠ䛨㔞ධ䜜䛶䛒䜚䜎䛩䚹ῶ䜛㔞䠄ᾘ㈝㔞䠅䛾ẚ䛿䠎䠖䠍䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹⇞ᩱ㟁ụ䛾Ṕྐ2䛩䛺䜟䛱䚸Ⓨ㟁᫬䛾ศᴟ䛸㟁Ẽศゎ᫬䛾㐣㟁ᅽ䛻䜘䜚䚸㟁ᅽຠ⋡䛜పୗ䚹䛸䜒䛻ຠ⋡80%䛸䛩䜛䛸䚸 ᚟䛷
64%䛸䛺䜛䚹
http://www.denenshakai.jp/bio/c2.html

1930ᖺ௦䛻䜲䜼䝸䝇䛾F䞉䝧䞊䝁䞁䛜◊✲䜢෌㛤䚸⣙20ᖺᚋ䛾1952ᖺ䛻⇞ᩱ㟁ụ䛾≉チ䜢ྲྀᚓ䚹䛣䛾ᚋ䚸ᐇ㝿䛻ᐇ⏝໬䛜㐍䜣䛰䛾䛿䚸Ᏹᐂ⯪⏝䛸䛧䛶䚹1950ᖺ௦䛛䜙1960ᖺ௦䛻䛛䛡䛶䚸䜰䝯䝸䜹䛷Ᏹᐂ⯪䛷฼⏝䛩䜛䜒䛾䛸䛧䛶㛤Ⓨ䞉฼⏝䛜㐍䜏䜎䛩䚹
KOH䜢㟁ゎᾮ䛻౑⏝䛧䛯䚸䜰䝹䜹䝸㟁ゎ㉁ᙧ⇞ᩱ㟁ụ䠄䝆䜵䝭䝙䚸䜰䝫䝻䚸䝇䝨䞊䝇䝅䝱䝖䝹䛻౑⏝䛥䜜䛯䠅䝕䞊䝡䞊ཀ䛻䜘䜛Ỉ䛾㟁Ẽศゎ䛾෌⌧ᅗ䠄1802ᖺ䠛㡭䠅䚹㟁Ẽศゎ⏝䛾㟁ụ䛿䝤䞁䝊䞁㟁ụ䚹

1960ᖺ௦䚸䝥䝷䝑䝖&䝩䜲䝑䝖䝙䞊♫䛿⡿ᅜ䛾Ᏹᐂィ⏬䛻᪊䛔䛶Ᏹᐂ⯪䛾㟁ຊ䛸Ỉ䜢౪⤥䛩䜛Ⅽ䛻䝧䞊䝁䞁䛾⡿ᅜ䛷䛾≉チ䛾౑⏝チㅙ䜢ᚓ䛯䚹䜰䝫䝻ィ⏬䛛䜙䝇䝨䞊䝇䝅䝱䝖䝹䛻⮳䜛䜎䛷⇞ᩱ㟁ụ䛿㟁※䚸㣧ᩱỈ※䛸䛧䛶౑⏝䛥䜜䛯䚹䛭䛾㝿䛿ᮦᩱ䛾ಙ㢗ᛶ䛻䜘䜛᳨ウ䛾⤖ᯝ䚸䜰䝹䜹䝸㟁ゎ㉁ᙧ
⇞ᩱ㟁ụ䛜᥇⏝䛥䜜䛯䚹
Apollo Fuel Cell;
SI#99-15155-6
http://www.nasm.si.edu/exhibitions/attm/a11.jo.fc.1.html

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