Precautions and Guidelines (Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors)
The circuits described as examples in this catalog and the "delivery specifications" are featured in order to show the operations and usage of our products, however, this fact does not guarantee that the circuits are available to function in your equipment systems.
We are not in any case responsible for any failures or damage caused by the use of information contained herein.
You should examine our products, of which the characteristics are described in the "delivery specifications" and other documents, and determine whether or not our products suit your requirements according to the specifications of your equipment
systems. Therefore, you bear final responsibility regarding the use of our products.
Please make sure that you take appropriate safety measures such as use of redundant design and malfunction prevention
measures in order to prevent fatal accidents and/or fires in the event any of our products malfunction.
For Conductive Polymer Aluminum Solid Capacitors, see Precautions and Guidelines (Conductive Polymer).
For Conductive Polymer Hybrid Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors, see Precautions and Guidelines (Conductive Polymer Hybrid).

1

Device circuits design considerations

1) Confirm installation and operating requirements for capacitors, then use them within the performance limitsprescribed in this catalog or product specifications.
2 ) Polarity
Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are polarized.
Never apply a reverse voltage or AC voltage. Connecting withwrong polarity will short-circuit or damage the capacitor with thepressure relief vent opening early on. To identify the polarity ofa capacitor, see the relevant diagram in the catalogs or productspecifications, or the polarity marking on the body of the capacitor. Incidentally, the rubber end seal bungs of the radial lead
type capacitors have a solder-flux gas escaping configuration,
which is nothing to do with the polarity of the capacitors. For
circuits where the polarity is occasionally reversed, use a bipolar type of aluminum electrolytic capacitor. However, note thateven bi-polar type capacitors must not be used for AC circuits.

3) Operating voltage
Do not apply an over-voltage that exceeds a rated voltage
specified for the capacitors. The total peak value of the ripple
voltage plus the DC voltage must not exceed the rated voltageof the capacitors. Although capacitors specify a surge voltagethat exceeds the full rated voltage, it does not assure long-term
use but limited use under specific conditions.

4) Ripple current

7) Charging and discharging
Do not use capacitors in circuits intended for rapid charge anddischarge cycle operations.
If capacitors are used in the circuits that repeat a charge anddischarge with a large voltage drop or a rapid charge and discharge at a short interval cycle, capacitance will decrease and/or the capacitors will be damaged by internal heat generation.
Consult us for a heavy charge and discharge type of capacitor
so that the capacitor will be designed in accordance with requirements of duty cycle of charge and discharge, the numberof cycles, discharging resistance and operating temperatures.

8) Failure mode of capacitors
Non-solid aluminum electrolytic capacitors have a limited lifetime which ends in an open circuit failure mode, in general.
Depending on the product type and operating conditions, thefailure mode may involve in opening of the pressure relief vent.

9) Capacitor insulation
Electrically isolate the following sections of a capacitor from thenegative terminal, the positive terminal and the circuit patterns.
• The outer can case of a non-solid aluminum capacitor.
• The dummy terminal of a snap-in type non-solid aluminum
capacitor, which is designed for mounting stability.

10) Outer sleeve
The outer sleeve of a capacitor does not assure electrical insulation (except for screw-terminal type capacitors). It should not
be used where electrical insulation is required.

Do not apply an overcurrent that exceeds the rated ripple current specified for the capacitors. Excessive ripple current will
increase heat production within the capacitors, causing the capacitors to be damaged as follows:• Shorten lifetime• Open pressure relief vent• Short circuit
The rated ripple current is specified along with a specific ripple
frequency.
Where using the capacitors at any other ripple frequency otherthan the specified frequency, calculate the allowable ripple current by multiplying the rated ripple current by a frequency compensation factor (Frequency Multiplier) specified for each product series.

11) Operating conditions5) Operating temperature (Category temperature)① Non-solid aluminum electrolytic capacitors contain paper separators and electric-conductive electrolyte that contains organic
solvent as main solvent material, both of which are flammable. If
the electrolyte leaks onto a printed circuit board, it can erode thedevice circuit pattern, may short-circuit the copper traces,
smoke and burn. Make sure of designing a PC board as follows:• Provide the appropriate hole spacing on the PC board to
match the terminal spacing of a capacitor.
• Provide the following adequate clearance space over thepressure relief vent of a capacitor to avoid blocking thecorrect opening of the pressure relief vent.

Do not apply high temperatures that exceed the upper limit of
the category temperature range specified for the capacitors.
Using the capacitor at temperatures higher than the upper limit
will considerably shorten the lifetime of the capacitor and makethe pressure relief vent open.
In other words, lowering ambient temperatures will extend the
expected lifetime of the capacitors.

6) Lifetime
Select the capacitors to meet the service life requirements of adevice.

Do not use/expose capacitors to the following conditions:① Direct contact with water, salt water or oil, or high condensation environment.
② Direct sunlight.
③ Toxic gases such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfurous acid, nitrous acid, chlorine and its compounds, bromine and its
compounds and ammonium.
④ Ozone, ultraviolet rays or radiation.
⑤ Extreme vibration or mechanical shock that exceeds limits inthe catalogs or product specifications.
The standard vibration condition is applicable to JIS C 5101-4.

12) Mounting

Product specifications in this catalog are subject to change without notice.Request our product specifications before purchase and/or use. Please use our products based on the information contained in this catalog and product specifications.

CAT. No. E1001Y 2024

Precautions and Guidelines (Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors)
Case diameter
Clearanceφ8(6.3) toφ16mm:
2mm minimum
φ18 toφ35mm:
3mm minimum
φ40 mm and above:
5mm minimum• Do not locate any wire or circuit pattern over the pressure
relief vent of a capacitor.
• If a capacitor is mounted with its pressure relief vent facing
down on the PC board, provide a ventilation hole in theboard beneath it to let gas escape when the vent opens.
• Do not print any copper trace under the seal (terminal) side ofa capacitor. Copper traces should be 1 mm (preferably 2mm
or more) spaced apart from the side of the capacitor body.
• Avoid locating any heat source components near capacitors
or on the opposite side of the PC board under capacitors.
• In designing a double-sided PC board, do not locate any
through-hole via or unnecessary hole underneath a capacitor.
• In designing a double-sided PC board, do not print any circuit pattern underneath a capacitor.
② For a screw terminal type capacitor, tightening the terminal
screws and the mounting clamp should be within the maximum torque specified in the catalogs or product specifications. Do not mount a screw terminal type capacitor with theterminals facing downward. Also, if the body of a capacitor isinstalled horizontally such as being laid on its side, do not
position the pressure relief vent downward.
③ For a chip type capacitor, design the land patterns of the PC
board in accordance with the recommended footprint dimensions described in the catalogs or product specifications.

13) Using capacitors for significantly safety-oriented
applications
Consult with us in advance of usage of our products in the following listed applications. ① Aerospace equipment ② Powergeneration equipment such as thermal power, nuclear power
etc. ③ Medical equipment ④ Transport equipment (automobiles, trains, ships, etc.) ⑤ Transportation control equipment ⑥
Disaster prevention / crime prevention equipment ⑦ Highly
publicized information processing equipment ⑧ Submarine
equipment ⑨ Other applications that are not considered general-purpose applications.
Note that some products such as photoflash use capacitors
which have been designed for specific applications cannot be
used for any other application.

14) Others
Design device circuits taking into consideration the following conditions:① Electrical characteristics of a capacitor depend on the temperature and frequency. In designing the device circuits,
consider the change in the characteristics.
② If using more than one capacitor connected in parallel, design thedevice circuits to balance the current flow in individual capacitors.
③ If using more than one capacitor connected in series, connect shunting resistors in parallel with the individual capacitors to balance the voltage.

2

Installation

1) Assembling① Do not try to reuse the capacitors once assembled and electrified, except only capacitors that are taken from a device for
periodic inspection to measure their electrical characteristics.
② Capacitors may have been spontaneously recharged with timeby a recovery voltage phenomenon. In this case, discharge thecapacitors through a resistor of approximately 1kΩ before use.
③ If non-solid aluminum electrolytic capacitors have been
stored at any conditions more than 35℃ and 75%RH for longstorage periods of time more than the limits specified in the
catalogs or product specifications, they may have high leakage current. In this case, make pre-conditioning by applying
the rated voltage through a resistor of approximately 1kΩ.

④ Confirm the rated capacitance and voltage of capacitors
before installation.
⑤ Confirm the polarity of capacitors before installation.
⑥ Do not try to use the capacitors that were dropped to thefloor and so forth.
⑦ Do not deform the can case of a capacitor.
⑧ Make sure that the terminal spacing of a capacitor equals
the holes spacing on the PC board before installing the capacitor. For radial lead type capacitors, some standard preformed lead types are also available.
⑨ When installing a snap-in type capacitor on the PC board,
insert the terminals into the holes and press the capacitor
down until the body is settled flush on the surface of the PC
board (without the body standing off).
⑩ Do not apply excessive mechanical force to capacitors morethan the limits prescribed in the catalogs or product specifications. Avoid excessive mechanical force while the capacitors are in the process of vacuum-picking, placing and positioning by automatic mounting machines or cutting the leadwires by automatic insertion machines.

2) Soldering and heat resistance① For soldering using a soldering iron, consider the following
conditions:• Soldering conditions (temperature and time) should bewithin the limits prescribed in the catalogs or productspecifications.
• If it is necessary to pre-form the terminal spacing of a capacitor to match the hole spacing on the PC board before
assembly and soldering, do not make mechanical stressreach into the body of the capacitor but only the lead wires.
• Do not touch the body of a capacitor with the hot tip of thesoldering iron.
② For flow soldering, consider the following conditions:• Do not dip the body of a capacitor into a solder bath.
Expose only the terminals to the melt solder with the PC
board interposing between the solder and the body of thecapacitor. Solder only the reverse side of the PC board
where the body of the capacitor is not located.
• Soldering conditions should be within the limits prescribedin the catalogs or product specifications.
• Do not apply ﬂux to any part of a capacitor other than theterminals.
• Do not let any other component lean against nor come into
contact with the capacitor while soldering.
③ For reflow soldering, consider the following conditions:• Soldering conditions (preheat, reflow temperature andtime) should be within the limits prescribed in the catalogs
or product specifications.
• When using the infrared heater and setting its temperatures, adjust the heating levels taking into considerationthat the color and materials of a capacitor vary in their infrared absorbance.
• The allowable number of reﬂow passes is speciﬁed in the
catalogs or product specifications.
• When mounting a capacitor on the double-sided PC board,
do not place any wiring pattern underneath the capacitor.
• Please consult us about vapor phase soldering (VPS).
④ Do not try to reuse the capacitor that was removed from the
PC board after soldering.
⑤ Only use chip type capacitors for reﬂow soldering. The othertype capacitors are not designed for the reflow.

3) Handling after soldering
After soldering the PC board, do not apply the following mechanical stress to the capacitor:① Do not tilt, push down or twist the body of the capacitor.
② Do not grab the body of the capacitor to carry the assemblyboard.
③ Do not hit anything against the capacitor. When stacking theassembled boards, do not put any of the PC boards or other

Product specifications in this catalog are subject to change without notice.Request our product specifications before purchase and/or use. Please use our products based on the information contained in this catalog and product specifications.

CAT. No. E1001Y 2024

Precautions and Guidelines (Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors)
components against the capacitor.
④ Do not drop the assembled board.

4) Cleaning assembly boards① Do not clean capacitors with the following cleaning agents:• Halogenated solvents: cause capacitor failures due tocorrosion.
• Alkali system solvents: corrode (dissolve) the aluminum
can case.
• Terpene and petroleum system solvents: deteriorate therubber seal materials.
• Xylene and toluene: deteriorates the rubber seal materials
as well.
• Acetone: erases the markings printed on a capacitor.
Where cleaning is necessary, use only solvent resistant
type capacitors that have been assured for the cleaning
within the specific cleaning conditions prescriber in the catalogs or product specifications. In particular, carefully set up
the conditions for ultrasonic cleaning system.
② Where cleaning the solvent resistance type of aluminumelectrolytic capacitors, confirm the following conditions:• Control the contamination (the conductivity, pH, specificgravity, water content, etc.) of the cleaning agents.
• After the cleaning, do not leave the capacitors (assemblyboards) in an environment of cleaning agent-rich or in aclosed container. Sufficiently evaporate the residual cleaning agent from the assembly boards and the capacitors byforced hot air at temperatures less than the upper limit ofcategory temperature range for more than 10 minutes.
In general, aluminum electrolytic capacitors are sensitive
to contamination of halogen ions (particularly to chlorineions). Depending on the properties of the electrolyte andrubber seal materials used in a capacitor, the halogen ionslead up to catastrophic failures on the capacitor. Where theinside of a capacitor has been contaminated with morethan a certain amount of halogen ions and the capacitor isin use, the corrosion reaction of aluminum occurs. The corrosion causes the capacitor to have a significant increasein leakage current with heat produced, open the pressure
relief vent and become open circuit mode failure.
Due to global environmental issues (greenhouse effects
and other environmental destruction by depletion of theozone layer), the conventional cleaning solvents of CFC
113, Trichloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethylene were replaced by substitutes.
The following are some substitute cleaning agents and allowable cleaning conditions:a) Fatty-alcohol cleaning agents
Pine Alpha ST-100S (Arakawa Chemical)
Clean Through 750H, 750HS and 750J (Kao)[Compatible capacitor products]
Terminal Shape

Subject Series

Surface Mount Type All Series
Radial Lead TypeAll Series

Snap-in TypeAll Series (Less and equal 100Vdc)[Cleaning conditions]
Either of immersion or ultrasonic cleaning, for a maximum of
10 minutes and at a maximum liquid temperature of 60℃ is
acceptable. Make sure that the markings on the capacitor
are not rubbed against any other component or the PC
board during cleaning. Note that shower cleaning affects themarkings on the capacitor.
b) HCFC (Freon 225) as Alternative CFCs
AK225AES (Asahi Glass)[Cleaning conditions]
Solvent resistant type capacitors, which were originally developed to intend to resist Freon TE or Freon TES, are also
capable of withstanding any one of immersion, ultrasonic or
vapor cleaning, for a maximum of 5 minutes (or 2 minutes for

KRE series capacitors or 3 minutes for SRM series).
However, this type of cleaning agent is not recommended touse, as the cleaning materials may be banned in near future
in view of global environmental issues.
c) IPA (Isopropyl Alcohol)
Immersion cleaning with a maximum flux concentration of 2
wt% is acceptable.

5) Adhesives and coating materials① Do not use any adhesive or coating materials containing halogenated solvents.
② Make sure of the following conditions before applying adhesive or coating materials to a capacitor,• No ﬂux residue nor stain is left between the rubber seal ofa capacitor and PC board.
• Dry the capacitor to remove residual cleaning agents
before applying adhesive and coating materials. Do notcover up the entire surface of the rubber seal of the capacitor with adhesives or coating materials.
• Heating and curing conditions for adhesives and coating
materials should be followed as prescribed in the catalogs
or product specifications.
• Covering up the entire surface of the rubber seal with resin
mold materials will obstruct the normal diffusion of internalhydrogen gas from a capacitor and result in serious failures. Also, where the adhesive and coating materials contain a large amount of halogen ions, the halogen ions willcontaminate the inside of the capacitor through the rubber
seal materials, causing the capacitor to become a failure.
• Depending on solvent materials that the adhesive or coating materials contains, note that the outer sleeve of a capacitor may lose a gloss or whiten in appearance.

6) Fumigation
In exporting or importing electronic devices, they may be exposed to fumigation with halide such as methyl bromide. Where
aluminum electrolytic capacitors are exposed to halide such as
methyl bromide, the capacitors will be damaged with the corrosion reaction with halogen ions in the same way as cleaning
agents. For the export and import, Nippon Chemi-Con considers using some packaging method and so forth so that fumigation is not required. For customers to export or import electronic
devices, semi-assembly products or capacitor components,
confirm if they will be exposed to fumigation and also consider
final condition of packaging. (Note that either cardboard or vinyl
package has a risk of fumigation gas penetration.)3

Precautions during operation of devices

1) Never touch the terminals of a capacitor directly with barehands.
2) Do not short-circuit between the capacitor terminals with anything conductive.
Also, do not spill any conductive liquid such as acid or alkaline solution over a capacitor.
3) Confirm environmental conditions where the device will beplaced. Do not use the devise in the following environmental
conditions:① Water or oil spatters, or high condensation environment.
② Direct sunlight.
③ Ozone, ultraviolet rays or radiation.
④ Toxic gases such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfuric acid, nitrous acid, chlorine and its compounds, bromine and its
compounds and ammonium.
⑤ Severe vibration or mechanical shock conditions beyond
the limits prescribed in the catalog or product specification.
The standard vibration condition is applicable to JIS C
5101-4.

Product specifications in this catalog are subject to change without notice.Request our product specifications before purchase and/or use. Please use our products based on the information contained in this catalog and product specifications.

CAT. No. E1001Y 2024

Precautions and Guidelines (Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors)
4

Maintenance inspections

1) For industrial use capacitors, make periodic inspections of
the capacitors. Before the inspections, turn off the power
supply of the device and discharge the electricity of the capacitors. Where checking it by a volt-ohm meter, confirm thepolarity beforehand. Do not apply mechanical stress to theterminals of the capacitors during inspection.
2) Characteristics to be inspected① Significant damage in appearance: vent opening, electrolyte leakage, etc.
② Electrical characteristics: Leakage current, capacitance,tanδ and other characteristics prescribed in the catalogs
or product specifications.
If finding anything abnormal. on the characteristics above,check the specifications of the capacitor and take appropriate
actions such as replacement.

5

Capacitor venting

1) A capacitor with more than a certain case size has the pressure relief vent functioning to escape abnormal gas pressure
increase.
If gas expels from a venting capacitor, disconnect the power
supply of the device or unplug the power supply cord. If not
disconnecting the power supply, the device circuit may bedamaged due to the short circuit failure of the capacitor orshort-circuited with the liquid that the gas was condensed to.
It may cause secondary damages such as device burnout inthe worst case scenario.
The gas that comes out of the open vent is vaporized electrolyte, not smoke.
2) The gas expelled from a venting capacitor is more than 100°C.
Never expose your face to the capacitor. If your eyes are exposed to the gas or you inhale it, immediately flush youreyes and/or gargle with water. If the electrolyte comes incontact with the skin, wash with soap and water.

6

Storage

1) Do not store capacitors at high temperature or high humidity.
Store the capacitors indoors at temperatures of 5 to 35℃
and humidities of less than 75%RH.
In principle, aluminum electrolytic capacitors should be usedwithin three years after production.
2) Keep capacitors packed in the original packaging material
wherever possible.
3) Avoid the following storage environmental conditions:① Water spattering, high temperatures, high humidity orcondensation environment.
② Oil spattering or oil mist ﬁlled.
③ Salt water spattering or salt filled.
④ Acidic toxic gases such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfuric acid,nitrous acid, chlorine, bromine and methyl bromide filled.
⑤ Alkaline toxic gases such as ammonium filled.
⑥ Acid or alkaline solutions spattering.
⑦ Direct sunlight, ozone, ultraviolet rays or radiation.
⑧ Extreme vibration or shock loading.
4) JEDEC J-STD-020 is not applicable.

78

About AEC-Q200

The Automotive Electronics Council（AEC）was originally established by major American automotive related manufactures.
Today, the committees are composed of representatives fromthe sustaining Members of manufacturing companies in automotive electrical components. It has standardized the criteria
for stress test qualification and reliability tests for electronic
components.
AEC-Q200 is the reliability test standard for approval of passive
components in Automotive applications. It specifies the test
type, parameters and quantity, etc. for each component. The
criteria of the reliability tests such as for our main products,
Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors are described in thisstandard.
Pursuant to the customer's specific testing requirements,
Chemi-Con submits the test results according to AEC-Q200 for
Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors used in automotive applications on request.
An electronic component manufacturer cannot simply claim that
their product is AEC-Q200 Qualified . It can be claimed
Compliant , Capable , Available , etc., however each component must be tested per each users Qualification Test Planin order to claim AEC-Q200 status.
Please contact us for more information.

9

Response to the Substances of Concern

1) Nippon Chemi-Con aims for developing products that meetlaws and regulations concerning substances of concern.
（Some products may contain regulated substances for exempted application）
Please contact us for more information about law-compliance status.
2) According to the content of REACH handbook (Guidance onrequirements for substances in articles which is published on
May 2008), our electronic components are articles without
any intended release . Therefore they are not applicable forRegistration for EU REACH Regulation Article 7 (1).
Reference: Electrolytic Condenser Investigation Society
Study of REACH Regulation in EU about Electrolytic Capacitor(publicized on 13 March 2008)

10 Catalogs
Specifications in the catalogs are subject to change without
notice. Test data shown in the catalogs are not assured as thewhole performance values, but typical values.
For more details, refer to JEITA RCR-2367D (March 2019) withthe title of Safety Application Guide for fixed aluminum electrolytic capacitors for use in electronic equipment .

Capacitor disposal

Please consult with a local organization for the proper disposalof industrial waste. For incinerating capacitors, apply ahigh-temperature incineration (over 800℃). Incinerating themat temperatures lower than that may produce toxic gases suchas chlorine. To prevent capacitors from explosion, punch holes
in or sufficiently crush the can cases of the capacitors, thenincinerate.

Product specifications in this catalog are subject to change without notice.Request our product specifications before purchase and/or use. Please use our products based on the information contained in this catalog and product specifications.

CAT. No. E1001Y 2024