Alleviating Environmental Load by Compact Town Planning
Deputy Mayor of Toyama City Tsutomu Kasahara

5．Comparison of Energy
Consumption of Toyama City withNational Average

8. Conversion of JR Toyama PortLine into LRT(1) Achievement in short period(2) Integration of Tram and Railway(3) Complete Introduction of LRT(4) Improvement of Service(5) Adoption of Uniform Design(6) Cooperation with Town
Planning along LRT Line
(7) Adoption of the Concept of
Public Construction andPrivate Operation(8)Participation of Citizens andLocal Businesses

6．Toyama City Regional Energy
Conservation Vision

9. Effects of the Development of theToyama Light Rail

7. Basic Policy for Urban
Development

10．Effects of CO2 Reduction by The
Development of LRT and others< Table of Contents >1. Basic Facts of Toyama City
2. Characteristics of Toyama City
3. Urban Structure andTransportation System with High
Environmental Load
4．Transition of CO2 Emission ofToyama City

１

1. Basic Facts of Toyama City
① Population : Approx. 417,000 people② Area: Approx. 1,240k㎡③ Geographical Features ： The north of city is flat lowland facing
Toyama Bay , the south of city has mountains as high as 3,000meters.

Ｔｏｙａｍａ CityＴｏｙａｍａ CityTokyo
Osaka
Railway２

2. Characteristics of Toyama City70（DID area: km2）

59.9
60

50

47.2
42.5

40

40.8

50

40.3

4030
2054.2

50.7

40.4

30

54.3

2026.4
101000
1980

1970

1990

2000

2005

Source: National Census

DID area: km2

60,000J J RR
Private railways

PrivateTrams railways
50,000

Route buses
40,000

DID population density: persons/ha②High dependency on automobiles
1st survey
1974

33

12.4

23.2

30,00020,00042.5
10,0006.5 5.6

2nd survey
1983

Route buses

Trams

100persons/day60（ DID population density: persons/ha ）① Widely and thinly spread urban area (DID area is the lowest among prefectural capitalcities - 40.2 persons/ha ).
② High dependency on automobile transportation (Automobile use is the highest amongcore urban areas - 72％ )③ Declining public transportation (The number of bus users has decreased to 1/3 over the last 15years)③Declining public transportation①Low density city center

17.1

52.5
3.7 3.60
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

3rd survey
1999

13.5

10.1

※Rate of user decrease during 15 yearsbetween 1989 and 2004
Route buses
67%
Private railways
44%
Trams
43%

72.2
1.4 2.8

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Walking

Motorcycle

Automobile

Bus/tram

Railway

JRSource: The 3rd PT Survey for Toyama-Takaoka Wider Urban Zone

17%３

3. Urban Structure and Transportation System with High
Environmental LoadIn a city with low density and high dependency on automobile
traffic , the environmental load per-capita is large in Toyama City.
■ＣＯ2 Emission Intensity by type ofTransportation.

■DID Population and CO2 Emission per-capita
t-ＣＯ219RailwayToyama

111

Aviation

Nagoya53BusCommercial
Passenger Cars

Central Tokyo387

PrivatePassenger Cars

175
0100

200300400500g-ＣＯ2/persons・km

Source : Estimation by Ministry of the Environment (2004)

persons/㎡
Source : Estimation by Ministry of the Environment (2000)

４

4. Transition of CO2 Emission of Toyama City
In Toyama City, CO2 Emission increased by approx. 29％ from1990 to 2003.
CO2 Emission of transportation sector increased by approx. 28％.
■CO2 Emission of Toyama City

（Unit：1,000ｔ−ＣＯ2）
1990（Breakdown％）

Industrial Sector

IncreasingRate(%)

2003（Breakdown％）

2003/1990

1,672.9

48.0

2,062.645.8

23.3

Transportation Sector

850.4

24.4

1,086.5

24.1

27.8

Consumer Sector (Home)

531.4

15.2

709.9

15.8

33.6

Consumer Sector (Business)

432.9

12.4

642.9

14.3

48.5

3,487.6

100.0

4,501.9

100.0

29.1

Total

Source：Toyama City Regional Energy Conservation Vision

５5. Comparison of Energy Consumption of Toyama City with NationalAverage
Energy consumption of Toyama City is approx. 4％ higher thannational average, and transportation sector accounts highproportion.
■Comparison of Energy Consumption per-capita

TJ/persons
TJ/人140

Total 129.5

120

15.010021.180

Total 124.8
18.6
16.4

37.3

29.9

56.2

59.9

Toyama
富山市CityNational
全国Average

6040(Unit：ＧＪ/persons-year)
2003

Consumer
Sector(Business)
Consumer
民生（業務）
民生（家庭）
Sector(Home)
運輸
Transportation
産業
SectorIndustrial Sector

200
Source：Toyama City Regional Energy Conservation Vision

６6. Toyama City Regional Energy Conservation Vision( 2007 February)“Toyama City Regional Energy Conservation Vision” is formulated tocurb energy consumption in 2010 at the equal level in 2003.
(1)Basic Policy“Compact Town, Slim Life”
Citizen, companies and administration cooperate to promote energy conservation andsupport compact town planning environmentally by revitalizing public transportation.
(2)Aim〔Reducing emissions to 5% below estimation in 2010. 〕

Curb energy consumption in 2010 at the equal level in 2003
(3)Approaches for the Aim by Each Sector① Industrial Sector: Reducing energy emission systematically in each industry or each factory.
② Transportation Sector: Reducing energy emission systematically in each category of railway,
ship and aviation.
Automobile: Environmentally benign driving by over 30% of drivers”NO my car day”
Introduction of Hybrid car and Economical car
Revitalizing and promotion of utilization of public transportation③ Consumer Sector (Home): Practice the “Ecological Lifestyle”
Attempt to conserve the energy consumption by over 30 % of family units
Conversion to energy saving instruments
Adoption of high efficiency water heater④ Consumer Sector (Business) :Building the environmental vision into business activities
Utilizing the energy saving diagnosis , BEMS , ESCO etc.
７
Adoption of energy saving instruments and high efficiency water heater etc.

7. Basic Policy for Urban Development
Convert the urban structure and transportation system into one
with a lower energy load by revitalizing public transportationand planning a compact town along each line.
Present state

Future image

Population density Railway service
HighHigh
Low

Low

Bus service
HighLow

Walking spherealong station
and bus stop８7. Basic Policy for Urban Development
Increase the population of people living around areas with easy
access to public transportation, though the population ofToyama City will decrease.
○Population in areas with easy access to public transportation
Future2,043 ha （Ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ）
1,446 haCurrent■Area・Railway route 1,481ha
・Bus route
1,446ha■Population ・Railway route 45.8 persons /ha・Bus route34.4 persons /haTotal population inabout 20 years

Total population

Population

50 persons /ha
40 persons /ha

421,239 people

389,510 people

Population in areas with easy
access to public transportation

162,180 people
42％

117,560 people
28％

Future（In ２０ years)

Current

8. Conversion of JR Toyama
Port Line into LRT※Area along railway=including city center

９■Route plan of LRT(1) Achievement in short period①Inaugurated 3 years after
announcement of the concept(Inaugurated 14 months after
starting construction).

(2) Integration of Tram andRailway①First Tram introduced in Japanin the last 58 years.
②1.1km of Shared Track Section(Track Law) , 6.5km of DedicatedTrack Section (Railway BusinessLaw).
107

■Shared Track Section（Town Planning Road Aiden-■Dedicated Track Section （Hasumachi） (Railway Business

Kitadai Line）(Track Law)

Law)

11

(3) Complete Introduction of LRT①All seven cars are low floor vehicles②All barrier-free stops③Noise prevention by damping track and lawn track④IC card system■ All low floors■ All barrier-free stops （INTECHonsha-Mae）■ Damping track set with
■Lawn track（Toyama-eki Kita）
polyurethane sealing compound■IC card reader installed in the vehicle12(4) Improvement of Service①Addition of three new stops and an average interval between stops of 600
meters.
②Services 3.5 times more frequent than before (Morning peak hours : Every 10
minutes , Non-peak hours : Every 15 minutes).

③Extension of the Service Schedule for the last train from 9 pm to 11 pm④Flat fare of 200 yen (160 yen for IC card users , 100 yen for users over 65years old).
⑤Credit exit （allow passengers to exit from the rear） for IC card users .
■Improvement of service

13(5) Adoption of Uniform Design①Adopting uniform design for vehicles , stops , crew uniforms ,signboards , IC cards , etc.

14(6) Cooperation with Town
Planning along LRT Line
①With the abolition of somebus routes, introducing 2
feeder bus lines.
②Construction of LRT
related facilities(2 open areas
in front of station, 11 bicycle
parking areas , etc.) .
③By utilizing subsidies fortown planning, revitalizing
the area through thedevelopment of historical
town landscape along theLRT line.

15(7) Adoption of the Concept of Public Construction andPrivate Operation

Cost for the project

Fund sources

Labor, power, etc.
About ¥200 million/year

Fare revenue, etc.
About ¥200 million/year

Operation and maintenance
About ¥100 million/year

Toyama City
About ¥100 million/year

Utilized fostering programs
Cars（about ¥1,600million）
Tracks
Stops
Electrical equipment
GarageHead office

About ¥5,800 million

Toyama City
About ¥1,700 million
Cooperationfrom JR West
About ¥1,000 million
Toyama Prefecture
About ¥900 million

Government of Japan

Administrative burdens

Operating costConstruction cost

About ¥5,800
million/year

About ¥300
million/year①By adopting the concept of public construction and private operation,
the government was responsible for the total construction cost andmaintenance cost（about 1/3 of construction cost).
②Utilizing subsidies, Toyama City’s contribution was reduced to about
1.7 billion yen from 5.8 billion yen of the total construction cost.

Toyama City s
independent projects
About ¥1,000 million
Subsidies for the LRT system
About ¥700 million

Street projects
About ¥800 million

Continuous grade

separation projects
About ¥3,300 millionAbout ¥2,200 million

16

(8)Participation of Citizens and Local Businesses①Broad support from citizens and local businesses throughdonations of funds or donations for benches.
②Cooperation with local businesses through investment forestablishing a third-sector corporation, becoming a sponsor for wallspace at each stop, sales of the naming rights of new stops, etc.
Raised money for setting benches andinstalled memorial plates on bencheswith messages from the donor (50,000
yen per bench×168 benches).

Sold the naming rights of new stops
2 stops were named by 2 local firms(15 million yen per stop).
16 local firms became sponsors forthe wall space at each stop to
express the characteristics of eachstreet and 28 local firms becamesponsors for wall space used foradvertisements.

Advertisement Space

Representation Space

179.Effects of the Development of the Toyama Light Rail
①Sharp increase in the number of users.
②12％ of users have converted from automobiletransportation use.
③Conversion of urban structure is a medium-longterm issue under consideration.
Weekdays

6,000

After development（Portram）：

October, 2006
5,000
4,000

4,000
3,0003,000

2,266

2,000

2,000

1,000

1,0000(2005）

After development

Before development(2006）■Comparison of the number of users

New(2005）

After development(2006）■Comparison of the number of users(1,024人) 20.5%

JR Port Line
22.6% (1,261人)

Taxi,etc.
(174人) 3.5%
JR Port Line
46.7%

Motorcycle(81人)1.6%

Car(572人) 11.5%

1,0450

Before development

Walk(142人) 2.8%

5,576

6,000

Holidays

4,988

5,000

Before development （ＪＲ Toyama
Port Line）：October,2005(2,331人)Bus
13.3% (664人)■Former methods of transport of weekday users(Breakdown)

New51.0%Bus
9.2% (511人)

Taxi,etc.
1.1%Car12.6% (700人)
Walk
2.2% (123人)(2,847人)(60人)

Motorcycle
1.3% (74人)■Former methods of transport ways of holiday users(Breakdown)
1810. Effects of CO2 Reduction by The Developmentof LRT and others
Reduction of approx. 436t of CO2 by the development of LRTConversion of urban structure for increasing the effects of CO2
reduction is medium-long term issue.

■Effects of CO2 Reduction in fiscal year
Reduction byconversion
into LRT

Reduction byroadway
improvement

Reduction byliving in citycenterTotal

2005００９９2006

４３６０２７４６３

2007(Expectancy)

４３６

１５８

３１

６２５

Unit：t-CO２／Year
Amount of reduction is based on the figure of fiscal 2004

１９