研究ノート

Johnson’s Dictionary and the Philosophy of Languagein the Eighteenth Century

Isamu Hayakawa

要旨ジョンソン辞書をその親版（1755）と簡約版（1756）の総体として理解するためには、18 世紀における英国啓蒙主義のなかで考察する必要がある。その手始めとして、18 世紀の言語観や辞書観を理解することが不可欠である。本研究においては、その資料や文献の調査を行った。その文献一覧をここに提示する。それにはジョンソン辞書の構想案（1747）や辞書の序文（1755）およびアディソンやスウィフトのエッセイーも含まれる。
これまでの研究では、ほぼその範囲内でジョンソンの時代の言語観を理解しようとしてきた傾向がある。それだけでは不十分である。18 世紀英国
における啓蒙主義のもとでジョンソンが立脚した言語観を追求するためには、言語に直接かかわるような文法書や言語学書も含めなければならない
し、一般の人々のジョンソン辞書に対する賛辞や批判の文書や手紙なども含める必要がある。なお、この文献一覧をもとに、それぞれの文献から重要と思われる個所を抜粋した書を、筆者は作成中である。

キーワード：ジョンソン英語辞典，18 世紀言語観，啓蒙主義

Johnson’s Dictionary, in both unabridged and abridged versions, can only be fully understoodwithin the context of the British Enlightenment in the eighteenth century. Contextualisation
requires the inclusion of various articles, papers, and books written about the Dictionary, as well
as research about the philosophy of language during this time, which differed greatly from that of― 157 ―

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the nineteenth century following the emergence of comparative linguistics. Particularly relevantbooks include Locke’s Essay Concerning Human Understanding, published in 1690 and Watts’
Logick: or, the Right Use of Reason in the Enquiry after Truth, published in 1741. These texts
profoundly influenced Johnson’s philosophy of language and his methods of lexicography, including
definition.
After Johnson’s death, many lexicographers criticised his Dictionary and later augmented andsupplemented it in various ways during the latter half of the eighteenth century.
(word-list, etymology) Mason, Todd
Johnson’s Dictionary(pronunciation)

Ash, Sheridan, Walker(synonym)PiozziBased on these works, English lexicography moved toward the Oxford English Dictionary, which
was first planned as an enlargement and augmentation of Johnson’s Dictionary.
The research for this anthology was based heavily on J. E. Congleton and Elizabeth C.
Congleton’s 1984 work, Johnson’s Dictionary, Bibliographical Survey 1746 ― 1984. Similar to
Congletons’ Survey, this study includes a collection of articles and papers about Johnson’s
Dictionary, but it also includes chapters or prefaces taken from books about language or grammarthat do not directly refer to Johnson or his Dictionary. This list includes four types of material:
1 . Essays written by Johnson himself, including his Plan (1747) and Preface (1755);
2 . Essays and prefaces from books about language or grammar, which do not refer to Johnson’s
Dictionary;
3 . Articles from magazines or letters about Johnson’s Dictionary, including Chesterfield’s essays
written for the World and Webster’s harsh criticisms in the early 19th century; and4 . Articles from magazines or letters that do not directly refer to Johnson or his Dictionary butthat are relevant to both.
The following chronological list of materials include texts from more than 130 sources
scattered throughout eighteenth-century literature. The materials contained in this list are, evennow, very difficult to access, so, if they are gathered and edited in the form of a book, they would
prove very useful to students of Johnson and his Dictionary.
1.

John Locke (1632―1704) An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Vol. II, Book III.
London: Printed by Eliz, Holt, for Thomas Basset, 1690.

2.

Thomas Baker (1656―1740) “CHAP. II Of LANGUAGE.” Reflections upon Learning, wherein isshewn the Insufficiency. Thereof, in its several Particulars: In order to evince the Usefulness― 158 ―

Johnson’s Dictionary and the Philosophy of Language in the Eighteenth Century

and Necessity of Revelation. The Fourth Edition. London: Printed for A. Bosvile, 1708, pp. 9―23.
3.

John Wilkins (1614―1672) “An Abstract of Dr. Wilkins’s Essay towards a Real Character,and a Philosophical Language. Which was Printed by Order of the Royal Society, 1668.” The
Mathematical and Philosophical Works of the right Reverend John Wilkins, Late Lord Bishop of
Chester. London: Printed for J. Nicholson, etc., 1708, pp. 169―184.

4.

Joseph Addison (1672―1719) [‘On the Conciseness of the English, in Common Discourse.’]The Spectator, No. 135. Saturday, August 4, 1711.

5.

Joseph Addison (1672―1719) [‘On the Introduction of Foreign Words into the English
Language’] The Spectator, No. 166. Saturday, September 8, 1711.

6.

Charles Gildon (1665―1724) and John Brightland (?―1717) A Grammar of the English Tongue,
with Notes, Giving the Grounds and Reason of Grammar in General. London: Printed for John
Brightland, 1711. [This grammar was variously attributed to John Brightland, Sir Richard
Steel and Charles Gildon.]7.

Swift, Jonathan (1667―1745) “Proposal for Correcting, Improving and Ascertaining theEnglish Tongue; in a Letter to the Most Honourable Robert Earl of Oxford and Mortimer,
Lord High Treasurer of Great Britain.” Dr. Swift’s Letter to the Lord High Treasurer. 1st
Edition. LONDON: Printed for Benj. Tooke, 1712, pp. 48.

8.

John Oldmixon (1673―1742) Reflections on Dr. Swift’s Letter to the Earl of Oxford, about the
English Tongue. London, [1712], pp. 38.

9.

William Lily (1468?―1522) ‘The Preface.’ A Short Introduction of grammar Generally to
be Used; Compiled and set forth for the bringing up all those that intend to attain to the
Knowledge of the LATIN TONGUE. Oxford, 1714. [With contributions by John Colet,
Thomas Robertson, and others.]

10. Thomas Sheridan, D. D. (?) ‘THE PREFACE.’ An Easy Introduction Grammar in English. For
the Understanding of the Latin Tongue. Compil’d not only for the Ease and Encouragement ofYouth, but also for their Moral Improvement; having the Syntaxis Examples gather’d from the
Choicest Pieces of the best Authors. Dublin, 1714, pp. i―viii.
11. Samuel Johnson (1709―1784) ‘1718.’ Diaries, Prayers, and Annals. Ed. E. L. McAdam, Jr. With
Donald and Mary Hyde. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1958, p. 11―17.
12. Ephraim Chambers (ca. 1680―1740) Some Considerations offered to the Publick, Preparatory toa Second Edition of Cyclopædia: or, an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences. 1728.
13. James Greenwood (?―1737) ‘THE PREFACE.’ An Essay towards a Practical English― 159 ―

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Grammar, describing the Genius and Nature of the English Tongue. The third edition withadditions. London: Printed for Arthur, 1729.
14. Benjamin Martin (1705―1782) “Of LANGUAGE in general; of GRAMMAR in general; andparticularly that of the ENGLISH TONGUE.”Bibliotheca technologica: or, A philological libraryof literary arts and sciences. Viz. 1. Theology. XXV. Miscellanies. London: printed by S. Idle forJohn Noon, 1737, pp. 133―162.
15. Isaac Watts (1674―1748) “CHAP. VI. Special Rules to direct our Conceptions of Things. SECT.
II-IV.” Logick: or, the Right Use of Reason in the Enquiry after Truth. With a Variety of Rules toguard against Error, in the Affairs of Religion and Human Life, as well as in the Sciences. The
eighth edition, corrected. London: Printed for T. Longman, T. Shewell, and J. Brackstone,
1745, pp. 82―108.
16. Ephraim Chambers (ca. 1680―1740) ‘THE PREFACE.’ Cyclopædia: or, an Universal Dictionaryof Arts and Sciences. The Fifth Edition. Vol. I. London: Printed for D. Midwinter, etc., 1741,
pp. ii―xxv.
17. Samuel Johnson “A Short Scheme for Compiling a new Dictionary of the English Language.”
April 30, 1746. Johnson on the English Language. New Heaven and London: Yale University
Press, 2005, pp. 378―427.
18. Samuel Johnson. Clerk’s copy of The Plan of a Dictionary (fair Copy), Post October 1746.
Johnson on the English Language. New Heaven and London: Yale University Press, 2005, pp.
428―489.
19. Advertisement The London Evening-Post (Tuesday, April 14, 1747) [The same advertisement
appeared also on April 21. This ad may have appeared first in The Public Advertiser (20 March1747).]
20. Samuel Johnson The Plan of a Dictionary of the English Language; Addressed to the Right
Honourable Philip Dormer, Earl of Chesterfield; One of His Majesty’s Principal Secretaries ofState. London: Printed for J. and P. Knapton, T. Longman and T. Shewell, C. Hitch, A. Millar,
and R. Dodsley. 1747, 36pp.
21. W. S. “The signification of Words how varied.” The Gentleman’s Magazine, XIX (February1749), pp. 65―66.
22. Samuel Johnson The Rambler, No. 156. (Saturday, September 14, 1751)
23. Benjamin Martin (1705―1782) ‘THE PREFACE.’ Lingua Britannica Reformata: or, A New
English Dictionary. London: Printed for J. Hodge, 1749, pp. iii-xi.
24. Samuel Johnson The Rambler, No. 163. (1751)― 160 ―

Johnson’s Dictionary and the Philosophy of Language in the Eighteenth Century

25. J[ames] H[arris] (1709―1780) ‘BOOK I. CHAP I. INTRODUCTION. Design of the Whole.’
Hermes: Or, A Philosophical Inquiry Concerning Language and Universal Grammar. London:
Printed for J. Nourse and P. Vaillant, 1751, pp. 1―8.
26. Samuel Johnson The Rambler, No. 168. (Saturday, October 26, 1751)
27. Samuel Johnson The Rambler, No. 208. (Saturday, March 14, 1752)
28. Samuel Johnson ‘Diary. APR. 3, 1753.’ Diaries, Prayers, and Annals. Ed. E. L. McAdam, Jr.
With Donald and Mary Hyde. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1958, p. 50.
29. Thomas Edwards (1699―1757) An Account of the Trial of the Letter γ alias Y. London: Printed
for W. Owen, 1753, 23pp.
30. Samuel Richardson (1689―1761) [Correspondence in 1753] The Correspondence of SamuelRichardson. Ed. Anna Lætitia Barbauld. London: Printed for Richard Phillips, 1804.
31. Fourth Earl of Chesterfield (Philip Dormer Stanhope, 1694―1773) The World, Number C.
Thursday, November the 28th, 1754, pp. 599―604.
32. Fourth Earl of Chesterfield (Philip Dormer Stanhope) The World, Number CI. Thursday,
December the 5th, 1754, pp. 605―610.
33. Samuel Johnson. The Celebrated Letter to Chesterfield. British Museum Library. Add. Ms.
5713. “Copy of Dr. Johnson’s Letter to Lord Chesterfield; Corrected by himself, and given byhim to Bennet Langton Esqre. Presented to the British Museum in June 1797, pursuant to
the intention of the late James Boswell Esqre.”
34. Advertisement for Johnson’s Dictionary The Public Advertiser, 1755―1756.
35. Samuel Johnson ‘PREFACE.’ A Dictionary of the English Language. London, April 1755.
36. David Garrick (1717―1779) ‘On Johnson’s Dictionary.’ 1755. [Printed with minor variations in
the April Issues of The Public Advertiser, etc.]
37. John Hawkesworth (1715?―1773) “Some Account of a Dictionary of the English Language,
by Samuel Johnson, A. M. in Two Vols Folio, 580 Sheets. Price 4 l. 10 s. The Gentleman’s
Magazine, XXV (April 1755), pp. 147―151.
38. A. Y. [Jerome Stone (?)] Scots Magazine, XVII (February 1755), p. 91.
39. Sir Tanfield Leman (1714―1762) ‘JOHNSON’s Dictionary of the English Language.’ The Monthly
Review, or, Literary Journal, XII (April 1755). London: Printed for R. Griffiths, pp. 292―324.
40. Adam Smith (1723―1790) “Review of Johnson’s Dictionary.” Edinburgh Review I (1 January to
1 June 1755), pp. 61―63. [Reprinted in Adam Smith, Essays on Philosophical Subjects, edited
by W. P. D. Wightman and J. C. Bryce (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980, pp. 232―241).]
41. Matthew Maty (1718―1776) ‘C’st-à-dire DICTIONARIE de la LANGUE ANGLOISE;...par Mr.

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Johnson.’ Journal Britannique XVII (July-August 1755), pp. 217―244.
42. Benjamin Martin (1705―1782) ‘A Chronological Memoir of Occurrences, For May, 1755.’
Miscellaneous Correspondence, Containing a Variety of Subjects. Vol. I. (For the Year 1755 and1756) London, 1755, p. 86.
43. John Maxwell, M. A. (?) A Letter from a Friend in England to Mr. Maxwell, complaining of his
Dilatoriness in the so-long-promised Work: With a character of Mr. Jonson’s English Dictionary,lately published and Mr. Maxwell’s Justification of himself, also, a Specimen of the Work
which he has in Hand, in an explanation of the words, NATURE and ASSISES. Dublin, 1755,
25pp.
44. Samuel Johnson ‘THE PREFACE.’ A Dictionary of the English Language. Abstracted from the
Folio Edition. Vol. I. London: Printed for J. Knapton, etc., 1756.
45. Samuel Johnson ‘THE PREFACE.’ A New Dictionary of Trade and Commerce, compiled fromthe Information of the most Eminent Merchants, and from the Works of the best Writers on
Commercial Subjects in all Languages. By Mr. Rolt. 1756, (no pagination).
46. John Wilkes (1727―1797) Letter on Johnson’s Dictionary. n. d. [1755―1759] Printed in The
Bear and the Phoenix. Given out at the Annual Dinner of the Johnsoninas, 1978.
47. Review of the Dictionary. Brittische Bibliothek (Leipzig), III, part. 2 (1758), pp. 111―164.
[Facsimile reprint, New York: AMS Press, 1967.]
48. N. Drayton Thomas (?) “Preface.” An Abridgement of Ainsworth’s Dictionary of the Latin
Tongue, 1758, pp. iii―viii.
49. Joseph Baretti (1719―1789) ‘THE PREFACE.’ A Dictionary of the English and ItalianLanguages. London: C. Hitch & L. Hawes, etc., 1760, pp. 3―5.
50. Daniel Fenning (1714/15―1767) The Royal English Dictionary: or, a Treasury of the English
Language. London: Printed for S. Crowder, 1761, p. 3.
51. Joseph Priestley (1733―1804) The Rudiments of English Grammar, adapted to the use ofschools; with notes and observations, for the use of those who have made some proficiency.
London: Printed for R. Griffiths, 1761.
52. (John Wilkes 1727―1797) North Briton, No. 12 (August 21, 1762)
53. Robert Lowth (1710―1787) ‘PREFACE.’ A Short Introduction to English Grammar: with
Critical Notes. London: Printed for A. Millar and R. And J. Dodsley, 1762, pp. i―xv.
54. Joseph Priestley (1733―1804) “Lecture the Twelfth. Of the Regular Growth and Corruptionof Languages.” A Course of Lectures on the Theory of Language, and Universal Grammar.
Warrington: Printed by W. Eyres, 1762, pp. 168―186.

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Johnson’s Dictionary and the Philosophy of Language in the Eighteenth Century

55. Thomas Sheridan (1719―1788) A Dissertation on the Causes of the Difficulties, Which occur,in Learning the English Tongue. With a Scheme for Publishing an English Grammar andDictionary, upon a Plan entirely New. London: Printed for R. And J. Dodsley, Mr. Davies, andMr. Henderson, 1762, 36pp.
56. John Ash (1724?―1779) ‘THE PREFACE.’ Grammatical Institutes; or, An Easy Introduction to
Dr. Lowth’s English Grammar, designed for the use of Schools. 4th edition, London: Printed
for E. And D. Dilly, 1763, pp. iii―vi.
57. John Bartholomew Rogler (?) (Title Page) A Dictionary: English, German and French.
Containing Not Only The English Words in Their Alphabetical Order, Together with Their
Several Significations. Christian Ludwig, Appendix by John Bartholomew Rogler. Third
edition. Leipzig: Printed for John Frederick Gleditsch, 1763.
58. M. Bayley (?) ‘PREFACE.’ An Universal Etymological Dictionary of the English Language.
To which is prefixed, A Grammar of the English Language. Edinburgh: Printed for the
Proprietors, 1764, pp. iii―iv. {This is presumed to be a pirated edition of N. Bailey’s
dictionary. However, it is very interesting to think highly of Johnson, without referring to N.
Bailey at all.}59. William Kenrick (1725?―1779) A Review of Dr. Johnson’s New Edition of Shakespeare...
London: Printed for J. Payne, 1765, 133pp.
60. A Friend (R. R.) ‘SECT. II. Reasons for the Reviewer’s having a less exalted opinion of Dr. J’s
abilities than has been entertained by the publick in general.’ A Defense of Mr. Kenrick’s Review
of Dr. Johnson’s Shakespeare. Containing a number of curious and ludicrous anecdotes ofliterary biography. London: Printed for S. Bladon, 1766, pp. 5―11.
61. Archibald Campbell (1726―1780) Lexiphanes, a Dialogue. Imitated from Lucian, and suited tothe present Times. Being an attempt to restore the English Tongue to its ancient Purity, andto correct, as well as expose, the affected Style, hard Words, and absurd Phraseology of manylate Writers, and particularly of Our English Lexiphanes, the Rambler. 1767. London: J. Knox.
62. L. L. B. “Remarks on Dr. Johnson’s Dictionary.” The Political Register, Vol. III (October 1768,
No. XIX), pp. 209―213.
63. John Maclaurin Dreghorn (1734―1796) “ON JOHNSON’S DICTIONARY.” Essays in Verse.
[Edinburgh, 1769], pp. 10―12.
64. George Colman, the elder (1732―1794) “A Letter from LEXIPHANES; Containing Proposals
for a Glossary or Vocabulary of the Vulgar Tongue: intended as a Supplement to a larger
DICTIONARY.” St. James Chronicle, No. 1526 (December 1―4, 1770). Reprinted in Colman’s― 163 ―

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Prose on Several Occasions. London: T. Cadel, 1787, II, pp. 92―97.
65. John Wilkes (1717―1797) A Letter to Samuel Johnson, L. L. D. London: Printed for J. Almon,
1770, 51pp. {This was written in reply to ‘The False Alarm’.}
66. John Walters (1721―1797) A Dissertation on the Welsh Language, Pointing out it’s [sic]Antiquity, Copiousness, Grammatical Perfection, with Remarks on it’s Poetry; and Other Articles
not Foreign to the Subject. Cowbridge: Printed for the Author, 1771, pp. 38―39.
67. John Whitaker (1735―1828) “A Specimen of an English-British Dictionary.” The History ofManchester. London, 1771―1775.
68. Robert Fergusson (1750―1774) “To Dr. SAMUEL JOHNSON. Food for a New Edition of His
DICTIONARY.”Weekly Magazine (Edinburgh), October 21, 1773, p. 114. Reprinted in his Poems
on Various Subjects, the Second Edition, Part II, Edinburgh, 1782, pp. 125―128.
69. Lord James Burnet Monboddo (1714―1799) ‘INTRODUCTION.’ Of the Origin and Progress of
Language. Vol. I. Edinburgh: Printed for A. Kincaid & W. Creech, Edinburgh and T. Cadell,London, 1773, pp. 1―4.
70. Samuel Johnson (1709―1784) ‘ADVERTISEMENT to this EDITION.’ A Dictionary of the
English Language. The Fourth Edition, London: Printed by W. Strahan, for W. Strahan andothers, 1773.
71. William Kenrick (1725?―1779) ‘Introduction.’ A New Dictionary of the English Language.
London, 1773: Printed for John and Francis Rivington and others, pp. i―viii.
72. William Mitford (1744―1827) An Essay upon the Harmony of Language, intended Principallyto Illustrate that of the English Language. London: Printed by Scott and for J. Robson, 1774,
292pp.
73. George Campbell (1716―1796) The Philosophy of Rhetoric. Vol. I. London: Printed for W.
Strahan; and T. Cadell; and W. Creech at Edinburgh, 1776.
74. James Boswell (1740―1795) Journal in London, Oxford, Birmingham, Lichfield, Ashbourne,
Bath and Bristol, Spring 1776.
75. John Horne Tooke (1736―1812) A Letter to John Dunning, Esq. By Mr. Horne. London: for J.
Johnson, 1778, 68pp.
76. [Ephraim Chambers (ca. 1680―1740)] Proposals for Publishing in Weekly Numbers, Mr.
Chambers’s CYCLOPÆDIA; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences: with The
Supplement and Modern Improvements incorporated in one Alphabet. In Four Volumes.
Illustrated with a great Number of Copper Plates. London, Jan. 1, 1778, 4pp.
77. Samuel Johnson ‘Life of Roscommon.’ The Lives of the English Poets: and a Criticism on their― 164 ―

Johnson’s Dictionary and the Philosophy of Language in the Eighteenth Century

Works. Vol. I. Dublin: Whitestone, etc., 1779, pp. 413―424.
78. Laetitia Lappet (?) “TO the AUTHOR of the MIRROR.” The Mirror, No. 89 (March 14, 1780)
Craig, Alexander (?). The Mirror, No. 89 (march 14, 1780) {L. Lappet, the milliner, wasdiscouraged by the definition of “network.”}
79. Thomas Sheridan (1719―1788) ‘PREFACE.’ A General Dictionary of the English Language.
One Main Object of Which, Is, To Establish a Plain and Permanent Standard of Pronunciation,
To Which is Prefixed a Rhetorical Grammar. London: Printed for J. Dodsley, C. Dilly and J.
Wilkie, 1780.
80. J. R. “A Censure of Dr. JOHNSON’s DICTIONARY, and of the other DICTONARIES of the English
Language.” The Westminster Magazine, X (June 1782), pp. 324―325.
81. James Thomson Callender (1758―1803) Deformities of Dr. Samuel Johnson, selected from his
works. Edinburgh: Printed for the Author and T. Longman, and J. Stockdale, 1782, 63pp.
{Reprinted by the Augustan Reprint Society, 1971.}
82. Robert Fergusson (1750―1774) “To the Principal and Professors of the University of St
Andrews, on their superb treat to Dr SAMUEL JOHNSON.” In his Poems on Various Subjects,
The Second Edition, Part II, pp. 49―53, Edinburgh, 1782.
83. Joseph Ritson (1752―1803) Remarks, Critical and Illustrative, on the Text and Notes of the Last
Edition of Shakespeare. London: Printed for J. Johnson, 1783.
84. (Anonymous) ‘Impartial and Critical Review of New Publication.’ The Gentleman’s Magazine,
LIII Part the Second (July 1783), pp. 592―595.
85. [James Thomson Callender (1758―1803)] ‘SECT. VIII.’ A Critical Review of the Works of Dr.
Samuel Johnson. Second edition. Edinburgh: Printed for the Author, 1783, pp. 55―60. [In 1787,
this review was also printed for R. Rusted, in London without the name of the author.]
86. Thomas Tyers (1726―1787) “A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF DR. SAMUEL JOHNSON.” The
Gentleman’s Magazine, LIV. Part the Second (December 1784), pp. 899―911.
87. Robert Nares (1753―1829) ‘PREFACE.’ Elements of Orthoepy: Containing a Distinct View of
the Whole Analogy of the English Language; so far as it Relates to Pronunciation, Accent, andQuantity. London: Printed for T. Payne & Son, 1784, pp. iii―xxvi.
88. William Cooke (?) The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL. D. with Occasional Remarks on his
Writings, an Authentic Copy of his Will, and a Catalogue of His Works... London: Printed for G.
Kearsley, 1785. The second edition with considerable additions and corrections, pp. 24―26.
[First published in Dublin in 1785.]
89. William Shaw (1749―1831) Memoirs of the Life and Writings of the Late Dr. Samuel Johnson.

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The whole authenticated by living evidence. London: Printed for J. Walker, 1785, pp. 75―82.
90. John Walker (1732―1807) “TO Dr. SAMUEL JOHNSON.” A Rhetorical Grammar, or Course of
Lessons in Elocution. London: Printed for the Author, 1785.
91. John Courtenay (1741―1816) A Poetical Review of the Literary and Moral Character of the Late
Samuel Johnson, L. L. D. The Second Edition. London: Printed for Charles Dilly, 1786. [Thefirst edition was published in Dublin in 1786.]
92. Richard Graves (the late Peter of Pontefract) (?) “ELEGY ON THE DEATH of Dr. SAMUELJOHNSON. To Sir JOSHUA REYNOLDS.” Lucubrations: Consisting of Essays, Reveries, &c. In
Prose and Verse. London: Printed for J. Dodsley, 1786, pp. 216―220.
93. John Pinkerton (1758―1826) ed. Ancient Scotish [sic] Poems, Never Before in Print. But now
published from the MS. Collections of Sir Richard Maitland. Vol. II. London: Printed forCharles Dilly and William Creech at Edinburgh, 1786, pp. 403―404 (note for p. 71).
94. John Horne Tooke (1736―1812) Eπ
εαπτ
ε
ροε
ντ
α, or The diversions of Purley. Part I. London :Printed for the author, 1786.
95. Joseph Towers (1737―1799) An Essay on the Life, Character, and Writings of Dr. SamuelJohnson. London: Printed for Charles Dilly, 1786, 124pp.
96. Sir Herbert Croft (1751―1816) “Oxford Dictionary of the English Language.” The Gentleman’s
Magazine, LVII Part the Second (August 1787), pp. 651―652.
97. P. O. B. “Thoughts on Dictionaries. ― Trinity College. ― Kenilworth. The Gentleman’s
Magazine, LVII Part the Second (September 1787), pp. 790―791.
98. Sir John Hawkins, Knt. (1719―1789) The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL. D. London: Printed for J.
Buckland, etc., 1787, pp. 170―175.
99. A. B. D. “Remarks on Johnson’s Dictionary, with Hints for Improvements.” The Gentleman’s
Magazine, LVIII Part the First (January 1788), pp. 7―8.
100. Sir Herbert Croft (1751―1816) “OXFORD DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.”
The Gentleman’s Magazine, LVIII Part the First (February 1788), p. 91.
101. The Rev. Herbert Croft, L. L. B. (1751―1816) An Unfinished Letter to the Right Honourable
William Pitt, concerning the New Dictionary of the English Language. London: Printed in
March, 1788.
102. A. B. C. “On Mr. Croft’s intended Dictionary of the English Language.” The Gentleman’s
Magazine, LVIII Part the Second (November 1788), p. 948.
103. A. B. C. “Remarks on Dr. JOHNSON’S and the intended Oxford Dictionary.” The Gentleman’s
Magazine, (Supplement for the Year 1788), pp. 1152―1154.

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104. Hester Lynch Piozzi (1741―1821) Letters to and from the Late Samuel Johnson, LL. D. to which
are added Some Poems never before Printed. Vol. II, London: Printed for A. Strahan and T.
Cadell, 1788, pp. 410―411.
105. [Philip Withers (?)] “Proposals for a NEW ENGLISH DICTIONARY.” Aristarchus, or The
Principles of Composition, containing a Methodical Arrangement of the Improprieties Frequent inWriting and Conversation, with Select Rules for Attaining to Purity and Elegance of Expression.
Second Edition. London, [1788], pp. 425―432.
106. Indignant “Dr. Johnson vindicated.” The Gentleman’s Magazine, LIX Part the Second (July
1789), pp. 613―614.
107. Noah Webster (1758―1843) Dissertations on the English Language: with Notes, Historical andCritical. To which is added, by way of Appendix, An Essay on Reformed Mode of Spelling.
Boston: Printed for the Author, 1789.
108. Vicesimus Knox, M. A. (?) Winter Evenings: or, Lucubrations on Life and Letters. The second
edition, corrected and enlarged. Vol. II. London: Printed for Charles Dilly, 1790, pp. 574―575.
109. John Ireland (?―1808) Hogarth Illustrated. Vol. I. London, [1781], note on p. 92.
110. James Boswell. (1740―1795) (From 1747―1756) The Life of Samuel Johnson. 2 vols. London:
Charles Dilly, 1791.
111. John Walker (1732―1807) ‘PREFACE’ A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary and Expositor of the
English Language. London: G. G. J. & J. Robinson and T. Cadell, 1791, pp. iii―viii.
112. Gebhardt Friedrich August Wendeborn, LL. D. (1715―1769) A View of England toward the
Close of the Eighteenth Century. Vol. II. London: Printed for G. G. J. And J. Robinson, 1791, p.
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113. Sir Herbert Croft (1751―1816) Proposals for Publishing, in May Next, Croft’s Johnson’s
Dictionary Corrected, without the Smallest Omission; Considerably Improved; and Enlarged
with More than Twenty Thousand Words, Illustrated by Examples from the Books Quoted
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114. Robert Nares (1753―1829) General Rules for the Pronunciation of the English Language, withcomplete lists of the exceptions. London: Printed for Edward Jeffery, 1792.
115. (Anonymous) A Letter to James Boswell, Esq. With some Remarks on Johnson’s Dictionary,and on Language, &c. London: Printed for J. Kirby, 1792. [The writer might be Piozzi.]
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118. Hester Lynch Piozzi (1741―1821) ‘PREFACE.’ British Synonymy; or, an attempt at regulating
the choice of words in familiar conversation. London: G. G. J. And J. Robinson, 1794, pp. i―viii.
119. Robert Anderson, M. D. (1750―1830) The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL. D. London: Printed for J.
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pp. 335―336.
124. George Mason (1735―1806) ‘PREFACE’ A Supplement to Johnson’s ‘Dictionary’: of Which the
Palpable Errors are Attempted to be Rectified, and its Material Omissions Supplied. London:
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125. Jonathan Boucher (1738―1804) Proposals for Printing by Subscription, in two volumes, quarto:
Linguæ Anglicanæ Veteris Thesaurus; or, A Glossary of the Ancient English Language, in Two
Parts: The First Comprising Provincialisms, or Such Old Words, as still exist in the Various
Dialects of the Provinces; and the second, such Archaisms, Old Words, as, being lost even to
the Provinces, are now to be found only in Old English and Scottish Writers: Intended to bea Supplement to Dr. Johnson’s Dictionary; and, in conjunction with that work, to exhibit A
Complete View of the whole English Language. By the Reverend Jonathan Boucher, M. A.,
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Environs; whence it will appear that the Natives of the Metropolis, and its Vicinities, have notcorrupted the Language of their Ancestors; in a letter from Samuel Pegge, Esq. F. S. A. to an
old Acquaintance, and Co-fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. London: Printed for F. And C.
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Regarding the Local Dialect of London and its Envious; whence it will appear that the Nativesof the Metropolis, and its Vicinities, have not corrupted the Language of their Ancestors; in a
letter from Samuel Pegg, Esq. F. S. A. to an old Acquaintance, and Co-fellow of the Society of
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129. S. M. “Grammatical Dictionary of the English Language?” The Gentleman’s Magazine, LXXIVPart the Second (November 1804), pp. 1010―1011.
130. Noah Webster ‘Preface.’ A Compendious Dictionary of the English Language. New Haven;Sidney’s Press, 1806.
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Dictionary, and other Lexicons. New Haven: Printed by Oliver Steele, 1807, 28pp.
132. (Anonymous) “The Boston Review of Webster’s Dictionary.” The Monthly Anthology, andBoston Review, Vol. VII (October 1809), pp. 246―264.
133. Charles Richardson, Esq. (1775―1865) Illustrations of English Philology. London: Gale andFenner, 1815. Republished by J. Mawman, 1826.

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Davis, Herbert and Louis Landa ed. (1973) A Proposal for Correcting the English Tongue, Polite Conversation etc.
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Rypins, Stanley (1925) “Johnson’s Dictionary Reviewed by His Contemporaries,” Philological Quarterly, IV, 283.
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