Presented by;
Mr. Asghar Ali Jamali Visiting Researcher,ADRC,NDMA, Pakistan
11

Disclaimer
This report was compiled by an ADRC visiting researcher (VR) from ADRC member countries.
The views expressed in the report do not necessarily reflect the views of the ADRC. Theboundaries and names shown and the designations used on the maps in the report also do not imply
official endorsement or acceptance by the ADRC.

2

Sequence• Introduction/ Background• National Disaster Management System• Pakistan’s in the Context of Earthquake/Tsunami• Earthquake / Tsunami of 1945
• DRR activity against Earthquake and Tsunami in Japan• DRR Challenges• Way Forward3

Introduction

4

Background▪ Area - 890,000 sq Km▪ 244.3 million people (approx.)▪ Topographical & ClimaticContrasts

5

Hazards in Pakistan
Hydro-Meteorological Hazards

FlashFloods

Urban
FloodsRiverine
FloodsGLOF

Avalanches

Land slides

Drought

Cyclones6

Hazards in Pakistan
Geological Hazards

Earthquakes

Landslides

TsunamiManmade Hazards

Industrial
Accidents

Oil Spills

Fires

Epidemics/
Pandemics

Displacements

Air/Train
Crash7National Disaster Management System8

Evolution of Disaster Management System
2015 – Merger of ERC in NDMA
2010 – NDM Act

2007 – Raising of NDMA andEstablishment of NDMC
2007 – NDM Ordinance2005 – Federal Relief Commission &ERRA
1971 – Emergency Relief Cell (ERC)
1958 - Calamity Act
9Disaster Management System
National Disaster Management
Act,2010

Provincial

Federal
NDMC

PolicyFormation/ Backup /Facilitator

NDMA

NIDM

PDMCs
Enabler

PDMAs

NDRF

Corps ofVolunteers
Stakeholders

Implementation

DDMAs
10

NDMC Composition• Prime Minister - Chair• Prime Minister AJ&K

• Leaders of Opposition• Chairman JCSC(Senate & NA)• Federal Ministers• Civil Society Members• Co-opted Members(Related Ministries)• All Chief Ministers including• Chairman NDMA- Secretary

Chief Minister GB• Governor KP (For FATA)
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NDMC FUNCTION•

Lay down Policies on Disaster Management•

Approval of National Plan•

Approve plans prepared by Ministries / Divisions of Federal
Government in accordance with the National Plan•

Lay down Guidelines for Federal / Provincial Governments•Arrange and oversee Provision of Funds for DRR,NDMA ROLE & RESPONSIBILITIES•Disaster Management and National Policies•Preparation of National Plans on Disaster Management•Lay down guidelines for preparing Disaster Management
plans by different Ministries / Departments and Provincial

Mitigation, Preparedness & Response••Authorities

Provide support to other Countries affected by majordisasters
Take measures for Prevention of Disaster, Mitigation,

Implementing, coordinating and monitoring Body for•

Providenecessary

technical

assistancetoProvincial

Governments / Provincial Authorities for preparing plans

Preparedness and Capacity Building

12Entire Spectrum of Disaster Management

13

Pakistan in the Context of Earthquake & Tsunami

14

Pak Earthquake Hazard MapEarthquake Catalogue(Year 1900 – 31 Jul 2016)
Total:
13,654
Earthquake
Vulnerability
Magnitude Numbers<43320Fault
Lines
4 – 4.98905 Map
1231
Pakistan151

5 -5.96 – 6.9>747
15

Pak Tsunami Hazard Map

Tsunami Vulnerability

1945
Tsunami,MSZ

NoHazard
16

Pak Cyclone Hazard Map

2007
Cyclone Yemyin

2010
Cyclone Phet

Cyclone Vulnerability

17

1945 Tsunami at Makran Subduction Zone
On November 28th , 1945, an earthquake with the magnitude of 8+ and 13-meter-high waves hit the coast of Makran followed by adevastating tsunami which resulted in more than 4000 casualties and number of damages near to the coast of Gwader Balochistan.
Pakistan has different initiatives to counter the earthquake and Tsunami in the coastal areas such;• District Disaster Risk Management Plan Gwader 2008, 202-2025• Dissemination of District Disaster Risk Management Plan to all Government agencies, village leadership, Publicrepresentatives, Mass media, etc.
• The CBOs/NGOs will conduct annual exercise/ drill on district/ Tehsil/UC levels to provide basic knowledge to thecommunity to understand the risk and preparatory measures in case of urgency/ emergency.
• Pakistan Metrological Department;• Twelve broadband and 120 stations have been installed at Gwader, Hub, Lasbela Karachi, Malir, coastal areas and in thepremises and control of PMD• Two Broadband Stations in the Province of Balochistan coastal belt at Gwadar & Hub, Lasbela District• Two Broadband Stations in the Province of Sindh coastal belt at Gwadar and Karachi• Ten Automatic Tsunami Sirens have been installed Gwadar, Pasni, south west of Karachi, Malir and one Sirens at Karachi
west.
• Twice a mock drills is conducted at coastal areas for community awareness.

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Earthquake/Tsunami 1945 MSZ

Human Losses
Date /Time-Magnitude

28th Nov,1945 at 3;30 Am-Height of waves
House Damaged
Economic Loss Roads

4,000

7.8/ 8.1- 10-13 meter-Almost 70%
Approx.- 10Millions USD- All communication System got damaged

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REVISED COST AFTER INCLUSION OF NATIONAL FLOOD
PROTECTION PLAN –IV (NFPP-IV)

21

Disaster Management Stakeholders

Donors22

NDMA Relief Stocks
Items

IsbPunjab

KP

Sindh

Bln

AJKGB

TotalTents

25,147

14,0584,873

25,0082,851

2,000 3,00
0

76,937

Shelter Tents

1,806--

2,000-

Tarpaulins

29,755

4,000

6,035

5,703

5,000

2,000 3,00
055,493

Blankets

25,796

11,8207,600

15,80012,896 4,000 6,00
0

83,912

Plastic Mats

62,8596,000

10,0055,000

15,055 2,000 3,00
0

103,91
9

Mosquito Nets

26,110

6,998

-

6,998

5,998

-

-

46,104

1st Aid Kits

5,000--

5,000---

10,000Boats / OBMs

06------

06

D/W Pumps

Net worthapprox1.5- Billion
44- of stocks
46- PKR-90--

3,80623

Humanitarian
Response Facilities
6 HRF Completed (Quetta, Sukkur,LEGEND

Jamshoro, Muzaffargarh, Lahore,NDMAPeshawar)

PDMA

2 HRF Under Construction (MuzaffarabadDDMA& Gilgit)
24

24

DRR Activity Against Earthquake and Tsunami in Japan

25

DRR Activities in JapanThe disaster management system came into force after 1959s typhoons in the shape of Basic Act on Disaster
Management 1961, a well comprehend plan with dedication of specific role and responsibilities for combating thesystematic disaster management in the country. The Disaster Management Structure in Japan has a bottom to top
approach and has perpendicular partitions well as the strong bounding among local to municipal Government
influences. The Government system in japan has three vertical stages and a 4th layers;
Central Disaster Management Council;• Development and effective coordination in terms of Basic Disaster Management Plans• Promulgation of disaster management basic policies, contingency planning etc.
• Briefing and advice to Prime Minister and Minister of state for disaster Risk reduction and disaster Risk
Management
Prefecture Disaster Management Council;• Each prefecture has a different chief for leading the emergency /disaster management system likewise,Governor, Deputy Governor, minister of State, etc.
• Main role is to formulate and implement the local disaster management Plan with close coordination ofMunicipal govt.
Municipal Disaster Management Council;• City Mayor is the head of Municipal Disaster Management Council in Japan• To formulate, promote and ensure implementation of Local Disaster Management Plans
26

Organogram for CDMC & Structure for Basic Disaster Management Plan

27

Early Warning System in Japan
Japan Metrological Agency has installed more than 1700 seismometers across the country and almost
every 60 km, which provide intensity of earthquake information to approximately 3900 local stations.
Further, this seismometer frequently notices the shaking of earth through online data sources. However,JMA has also installed 4332 seismic intensity meters in every municipality for measuring the groundmotion.

28

CBDRM in Hirono-Town, Iwate Prefecture
CBDRM is an active approach and the community is always supported by the Government to adopt thelatest techniques for reducing the impacts of disasters. After 2011, tsunami the Hirono town-Iwate town
was badly affected and the community of Hirono Town-Iwate prefecture established its local CBDRM
committee consist on local residents, which regularly conduct the DRR session and mock drills. Thelocal community of Hirono town-iwate prefecture has developed risk hazards map, evacuation site andsmall warehouse to provide food/shelter in times of emergent situations.

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DRR Challenges in Pakistan30Key Challenges▪ Climate change – not business as usual▪ Increased frequency & intensity of Earthquake/Tsunami▪ Need further study on Earthquake/Tsunami and its impacts▪ Existing capacities & resource availability▪ Forecasting capabilities▪ Further improvement of Early warning systems in terms ofTsunami▪ Transfer/sharing of Risk knowledge
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WAY FORWARD⮚ Legal reforms – institutional integration⮚ Strong coordination mechanism – revision NEOC
⮚ Risk knowledge – strengthened NIDM
⮚ Strengthened Early Warning Systems⮚ Risk-sensitive development – building codes, spatial land-use planning⮚ Enhanced response capacity – National Disaster Response Force⮚ Risk financing mechanisms

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WAY FORWARD⮚ Remodeling of NDMA including reorganization of its existing structure, enhanced human resource position withpresence at provincial level.
⮚ Up-gradation and expansion of well-equipped Search and Rescue Teams to respond Earthquake/Tsunami⮚ Stock taking and positioning across coastal areas of the country.
⮚ To strengthening of National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) to act as a hub in disaster management
system in Pakistan. It will take a lead in creation of knowledge by collaborating with educational
institutions/Universities at national level for the purpose of research and equivalent institutions in theregion/internationally for training & knowledge/experience sharing.
⮚ National Emergency Operation Center (NEOC) being hub of multi-hazard especially Tsunami data base:▪ To

bemannedbyall

relevant

stakeholders

includingfederalgovernment/UnitedNations

Organizations/INGOs/NGOs/Think tank (NDM).
▪ Use of technology/software(s) for modelling and projections for Earthquake/Tsunami at NEOC.
▪ Generation and effective communication of Early Warnings to the concerned at provincial and district level.33

THANK YOU34