令和４年度入学試験問題
地域経営学部
編入学選抜

小 論 文（注意事項）
１.

この問題冊子は試験開始の合図があるまで開いてはならない。

２.

問題は全部で４ページある。落丁・乱丁、印刷不鮮明の箇所などがあった場合は申し出ること。

３.

別に解答用紙が２枚および下書き用紙が２枚ある。

４.

解答はすべて解答用紙の指定された箇所に横書きで記入すること。

５.

受験番号は解答用紙の指定された箇所に必ず記入すること。

６.

解答時間は 90 分である。

７.

問題冊子及び下書き用紙は持ち帰ること。

問題１ 次の英文の要約を 200 字以内の日本語で書きなさい。

The Japanese government is considering "dynamic pricing" for thecountry's railways, or changing ticket prices depending on the time -- amethod already in use for setting airfares and hotel stay prices.
Dynamic pricing for railways is hoped to reduce the typical peak-hourcommuter crush, by making tickets more expensive during the morning andevening rush hours, and cheaper midday, when there are fewer passengers.
The idea began to attract more attention in Japan because of the need to avoid
crowding due to the coronavirus pandemic.
For the railway companies, dynamic pricing holds the promise of betterbusiness performance, after the pandemic put a serious dent in demand. It
would allow the firms to reduce costs by cutting staff and train services duringrush hour.
East Japan Railway Co. (JR East) and West Japan Railway Co. (JR West)envisage applying variable pricing to their commuter train passes. However,unlike vacations or other kinds of travel, people commuting have less room todecide when they will ride the train. This idea calls for detailed discussion.
Furthermore, while the number of companies with telework or reduced
working hours programs has been increasing, many people out there stillcannot change when they need to go to work, whether it's to meet clients, orfor other reasons.
There are also non-permanent employees who have to cover their own
commuting expenses. There must be consideration for riders who will end up
bearing the burden of shifting costs.
What will be very difficult with any dynamic system is setting prices. If thedifference between peak and non-peak hours is too narrow, then the impact
on crowding will be limited. If there's too wide a difference, then those whoneed to travel during rush hour will feel more strongly that they are being
treated unfairly.
In Japan, train fares are determined by what will allow the railway to－1－cream off a little profit after operating costs, and each company must apply
to have their fare structures approved by the central government. To improvetheir passenger demand estimates, the companies must calculate their costs
appropriately. And to prevent the financial load on riders from getting too
great, the government must perform strict checks on the companies' faresystems.
To spread demand over a wider swathe of the clock, JR East and otherrailways have started points programs to reward passengers taking the train
during off-peak hours. We would like to see the government analyze
initiatives like this, survey the railways and build up a trove of data it canuse to consider appropriate fare standards.
Transportation services that harness computing technology to suggest themost appropriate fares and modes of travel appear almost ready to enter themainstream. Even as these kinds of businesses develop, a flexible fare system
is needed.
However, it would be impossible to acquiesce to a system that pivoted
exclusively on improving profits for railways. In the debate over rail ticket
prices, it is indispensable to approach the issue from the perspective of thepassengers.
（出典：EDITORIAL / Rider-centric discussion needed on dynamic pricing forJapan's railways, The Mainichi, May 24, 2021, 原文のまま）
The Mainichi, May 24, 2021－2－

問題２ 次の二つの図は、令和 3 年版『情報通信白書』からの引用である。これらの図に基づいて、以下の設問に答えなさい。ただし、CIO とは「Chief Information Officer」の略である。

図 1 CIO、CIO 補佐官の状況

図 2 デジタル専門人材の確保に係る課題

－3－

設 問
問１ 図 1 の説明を 200 字以内で書きなさい。
問２ 図 1 と図 2 を踏まえて、公的分野におけるデジタル化の課題への対応策について、あなたの考えを 200 字以内で書きなさい。

－4－