HAWAIʻI PREVENTION PRIORITY DISTRIBUTION LIST
Created May 29, 2020
This list was created to support the key actions outlined in Startegy 1 of the HISC & CGAPS 2025 Joint Strategy.
To better communicate and measure progress toward the goal of improving invasive species prevention programs,
we will use a non-regulatory Hawai‘i Prevention Priority List of different types of potential invaders which could
arrive from a variety of source regions, and by different pathways. By focusing on the prevention of these “sentinel”
species and pathways, countless other potentially harmful species may also be prevented. Note that this is not acomprehensive list of all species of concern, nor is it intended to be a regulatory list—it is solely for planning,communication, and assessment purposes.

Virus/Bacteria/Fungus
Common nameSpecies

Cadang-cadantcoconut cadang-cadang viroid

SourceHAR 4-70-43

Tinangaja

coconut tinangaja viroid

HAR 4-70-43

Bobone disease

colocasia bobone disease virus

HAR 4-70-51

Alomae diseasetaro bacilliform virus

HAR 4-70-51

Woodiness diseasepassion fruit woodiness virus

HAR 4-70-32

West Nile virus

Flavivirus

DLNR-DOFAW

Citrus greening

Candidatus Liberabacter ​africanus

CABI-ISC

Candidatus Liberabacter ​asiaticus

USDA-APHIS

Xanthomonas axonopodis

USDA-APHIS

Pierce's disease

Xyella fastidiosa

CABI-ISC

Fusarium banana wilt disease

Fusarium oxysporum

CABI-ISC

Coffee rust

Hemileia vastarix

HAR 4-70-16

Sudden oak death

Phytopthora ramorum

USDA-APHIS

Common nameSpecies

SourceWater hyacinth

Eichhornia crassipes

IUCN 100

Mudmats

Glossostigma diandrum

HAR 4-70A (pending)

Yellow water snowflake

Nymphoides geminata

HAR 4-70A (pending)Bighead carp

Hypophthalmichthys nobilis

DLNR-DAR

Black carp

Mylopharyngodon piceus

DLNR-DAR

Grass carp

Ctenopharyngodon idella

DLNR-DAR

Silver carp

Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

DLNR-DARGreen crab

Carcinus maenas

DLNR-DAR

Citrus greening
Citrus greening
Lethal yellows
Citrus canker

Candidatus Liberabacter ​americanus
Candidatus Phytoplasma ​palmae

CABI-ISC
HAR 4-70-43

Aquatic Species

1Nile perch

Lates niloticus

DLNR-DARNorthern Pacific seastar

Asterias amurensis

DLNR-DAR

Chinese mitten crab

Eriocheir sinensis

DLNR-DAR

Asian green mussel

Perna viridis

DLNR-DAR

Veined rapa whelk

Rapana venosa

DLNR-DAR

Common nameSpecies

SourceChinese violet

Asystasia gangetica micrantha

HAR 4-70A (pending)Porcupine flower

Barleria prionitis

HAR 4-70A (pending)Magellan barberry

Berberis buxifolia

HAR 4-70A (pending)Trailing lily

Bomarea multiflora

HAR 4-70A (pending)Thurston grass

Brachiaria paspaloides

HAR 4-70A (pending)

Tropical giant salvia

Brillantaisia lamium

HAR 4-70A (pending)Spiny broom

Calicotome spinosa

HAR 4-70A (pending)

Weeping brown sedge

Carex flagellifera

HAR 4-70A (pending)

Biddy bush

Cassinia arcuata

HAR 4-70A (pending)

Trumpet tree

Cecropia schreberiana

HAR 4-70A (pending)

Yellow starthistle

Centaurea solstitialis

HAR 4-70A (pending)Boneseed

Chrysanthemoides monilifera

HAR 4-70A (pending)

Sweet virgin's bower

Clematis flammula

HAR 4-70A (pending)Gray leaf cotoneaster

Cotoneaster glaucophyllus

HAR 4-70A (pending)

Spreading willow-leaf cotoneaster

Cotoneaster salicifolius

HAR 4-70A (pending)Lightning weed

Drymaria arenarioides

HAR 4-70A (pending)Bearskin festuca

Festuca gautieriHAR 4-70A (pending)

Swan milkweed

Gomphocarpus fruticosus

HAR 4-70A (pending)

Brazilian giant rhubarb

Gunnera manicata

HAR 4-70A (pending)Dusky coral pea

Kennedia rubicunda

HAR 4-70A (pending)

Yellow soldier

Lachenalia reflexa

HAR 4-70A (pending)

Tufted honey flower

Melianthus comosus

HAR 4-70A (pending)Cape tulip

Moraea ochroleuca

HAR 4-70A (pending)Nipa palm

Nypa fruticans

HAR 4-70A (pending)Stemless thistle

Onopordum acaulon

HAR 4-70A (pending)

Silver dollar plant

Opuntia robusta

HAR 4-70A (pending)

Garden geranium

Pelargonium

HAR 4-70A (pending)Speckled spur flower

Plectranthus alchemilloides

HAR 4-70A (pending)Daily pine

Psoralea pinnata

HAR 4-70A (pending)Terrestrial Plant2

Italian buckhorn

Rhamnus alaternus

HAR 4-70A (pending)

Rhododendron

Rhododendron ponticum

HAR 4-70A (pending)

Giant bramble

Rubus alceifolius

HAR 4-70A (pending)

European blackberry

Rubus fruticosus

HAR 4-70A (pending)

Creeping groudsel

Senecio angulatus

HAR 4-70A (pending)

Large senecio

Senecio glastifolius

HAR 4-70A (pending)Common nameSpecies

SourceAcacia whitefly

Tetraleurodes acaciae

DLNR-DOFAW

African citrus psyllid

Trioza erytreae

CABI-ISC

Africanized honeybee

Apis mellifera scutellata

DLNR-DOFAW

Asian giant hornet

Vespa mandarina

DLNR-DOFAW

Asian longhorned beetle

Anoplophora glabripennis

IUCN 100

Blue gum chalcid

Leptocybe invasa

DLNR-DOFAW

Brown marmorated stink bug

Halymorpha halys

CABI-ISC

Cabbage maggot

Delia radicum

HAR 4-70-21

Camphor scale

Pseudaonidia duplex

DLNR-DOFAW

Caribbean fruit fly

Anastrepha suspensa

HAR 4-70-47

Citrus longhorned beetle

Anoplophora chinensis

CABI-ISC

Coconut scale

Aspidiotus regidus

DLNR-DOFAW

coconut crab

Birgus latro

DLNR-DAR

European corn borer

Ostrinia nubilalis

HAR 4-70-40

European pine shoot moth

Rhyaconia buoliana

HAR 4-70-35

False codling mothThaumatotibia leucotrata

USDA-APHIS

German wasp

Vespula germanica

DLNR-DOFAW

Gypsy mothLymantria dispar v​ arious subspecies

IUCN 100

Trogoderma granarium

IUCN 100

Lac scaleTachardiella mexicana

DLNR-DOFAW

MealybugParacoccus mexicanus

DLNR-DOFAW

Midge

Parallelodiplosis cattleyeaHAR 4-70-24

Passion vine hopper

Scolypopa australis

HAR 4-70-32

Pineapple borer

Strymon megarus

HAR 4-70-12

Red imported fire ant

Solenopsis invicta

IUCN 100

Red palm miteRaoiella indica

DLNR-DOFAW

Red palm weevil

Rhynchophorus ferrugineus

CABI-ISC

Soft wax scale

Ceroplastes destructor

DLNR-DOFAW

Terrestrial Invertebrate

Khapra beetle

3South American orchid bug

Tenthocoris bicolor

HAR-70-24

South American palm weevil

Rhynchophorus palmarum

CABI-ISC

South American stem borer

Diorymerellus laevimargo

HAR 4-70-24

Spotted lanternfly

Lycorma deliculata

USDA-APHISSugarcane borer

Diatraea saccharalis

HAR 4-70-2

West Indian cane weevil

Metamasius hemipterus

HAR 4-70-29

Common NameSpeciesSource

Red ring nematode

Bursaphelenchus cocophilus

USDA-APHIS

Brown tree snake

Boiga irregularis

IUCN 100

NutriaMyocastor coypus

IUCN 100

OtherNotes on sources:● DLNR-DOFAW and DLNR-DAR references in-person communication with biologists at those agencies.
● HAR 4-70A is pending approval by the Board of Agriculture to implement the Restricted Plant Rules under
HRS 150A. Included in the rules is a list of 36 high-risk plant species to be restricted from domestic
importation into Hawaii.

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