HITOTSUBASHIUNIVERSITY

InsightsintotheSocioǦeconomyofBelgiumandFrance
Reviewedandeditedby
YusukeOta,ReikoMatsumotoandMilenMartchevGlobalLeadersProgram2017

FACULTYOFECONOMICS┠ ḟ㸦CONTENTS㸧
ㅰ㎡㸦ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS㸧

6ᗎᩥ㸦FOREWORD㸧8➨ 1 㒊 ࢖ࣥࢺࣟࢲࢡࢩࣙࣥ
1. ཧຍ⪅ࡢᶓ㢦

14

2. ࢮ࣑ࡢᵝᏊ

34

3. ᪑⛬

36

     ➨ 2 㒊 ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩
1. 㧗ᶫ ᓁᕼࠕⱥᅜࡢ EU 㞳⬺ᚋࡢ㐨ííííࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࣔࢹࣝࡢ⪃ᐹࠖ

38

2. ┦ᕝ ඖᏹࠕEU ࡟࠾ࡅࡿඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇ࡢ◊✲ࠖ

45

3. ᳃ 㤶⳯Ꮚ52

ࠕEU ࡢᮾ᪉ᣑ኱ࠖ
4. ⴗ㔝 㞞ᙪࠕ᪥ᮏேࡢᅜẸព㆑ࢆឤࡌࡿ▐㛫࡜ࡑࡢせᅉ࡜ࡣࠖ59

5. ዟ⏣ ㎮ဢࠕ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝㞳⬺ᚋࡢࣃࣜ༠ᐃ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ EU ࡢᙺ๭ࠖ65

6. ዟᮧ ⿱ᏊࠕEU ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢸࣟࣜࢬ࣒࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ

73

7. ⠛ཎ ⿱ᬗࠕࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢᩍ⫱ไᗘííííࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣜࢬ࣒࡬ࡢᑐᛂࠖ

79

8. ኱ෆ 㞞ஓᏊࠕᡂேᩍ⫱ࢆ㏻ࡋࡓ♫఍ㄢ㢟ࡢゎỴࠖ





88

9. ⠛⏣ ⏤⌮ࠕEU ࡢ་⒪ಖ㞀ไᗘíííí⤫ྜࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚࠸࠸ࡢ࠿㸽ࠖ96

10. ୕ዲ ᗣ௓ࠕḢᕞ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⛣Ẹ࣭㞴Ẹၥ㢟ࡢศᯒࠖ106➨ 3 㒊 ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㸦PRESENTATION㸧
1. Misaki Takahashi
Brexit. An Evaluation of the Norway Model

111

2. Motohiro Aikawa
CAP as a prism of the EU

115

3. Kanako Mori
What Is Making the EU to The East?

118

4. Masahiko Hagino
Nations and National Sentiments: Based on Anderson's
Imagined Communities

121

5. Tatsuya Okuda
The EU in a Dilemma between Human Rights andEconomic Benefits. How can the EU reach a compromise?

124

6. Yuko Okumura
Why Is Radicalization Happening in Europe?

128

7. Hiroaki Shinohara
The Bologna Process and its Effects

132

8. Mayako Ouchi
The Need for Lifelong Education

135

9. Yuri Shinoda
How to increase accepted refugees in Japan?

139

10. Kosuke Miyoshi
Advanced Efforts at Rural Depopulated Area





143

➨ 4 㒊 ᪑ࡢグ㘓
1. ࣮ࣦ࢙ࣝࣥ

146

2. ࣮ࣦ࢙࣭ࣝࣥ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ኱Ꮫ

148

3. ࣈࣜࣗࢵࢭࣝ

150

4. EU ㆟఍

152

5. ࣃࣜ

155

6. ⤒῭༠ຊ㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ

159

7. ᅜ㝿஺ὶᇶ㔠࣭ࣃࣜ᪥ᮏᩥ໬఍㤋161

8. ࿡ࡢ⣲࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ

162

9. ࣃࣜዴỈ఍

164

10. ࣃࣜ➨ 7 ኱Ꮫ

165

11. ࢤࣛࣥࢻ

168➨ 5 㒊 ᪑ࢆ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡗ࡚íííí⪃ᐹ
1. 㧗ᶫ ᓁᕼࠕᏛࡧ௨ୖ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ࡶࡢࢆᚓࡓ᪑ࠖ

171

2. ┦ᕝ ඖᏹ173

ࠕḢᕞᾏእ▷ᮇㄪᰝࢆ⤊࠼࡚ࠖ
3. ᳃ 㤶⳯Ꮚ175

ࠕ◊ಟ࡛ࡢᡂᯝࠖ
4. ⴗ㔝 㞞ᙪࠕḢᕞゼၥ࠿ࡽ⪃࠼ࡓ᪥ᮏ࡜⤌⧊ෆࡢ⮬ศࠖ

177

5. ዟ⏣ ㎮ဢࠕᡂ㛗ࡢࣄࣥࢺࡀワࡲࡗࡓࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖ

179

6. ዟᮧ ⿱Ꮚࠕࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡜௻ᴗゼၥࢆ⤊࠼࡚ࠖ

182

7. ⠛ཎ ⿱ᬗ185

ࠕ᪑ࡢ⤊ࢃࡾ࡟ῧ࠼࡚ࠖ

8. ኱ෆ 㞞ஓᏊ187ࠕ◊✲ࡢึṌࠖ
9. ⠛⏣ ⏤⌮
ࠕࡓࡗࡓ 10 ᪥㛫࡛ࡶࠖ

189

10. ୕ዲ ᗣ௓191ࠕ࣮ࣝࢶࢆồࡵࡓࡑࡢඛ࡟ࠖ

௜㘓㸦APPENDIX㸧
1. ཧຍ⪅࡟ࡼࡿࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⏝ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ
㸦PARTICIPANTS’ PRESENTATION SLIDES㸧

195

2. ࣮ࣦ࢙࣭ࣝࣥ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ኱Ꮫ࡜ࡢウㄽ఍࣭஺ὶ఍ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ

223

3. ࣃࣜ➨ 7 ኱Ꮫ࡜ࡢウㄽ఍࣭஺ὶ఍ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ

225



ㅰ㎡
୍ᶫ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔⤒῭Ꮫ◊✲⛉ᩍᤵࠕ▷ᮇᾏእㄪᰝࠖ㐠Ⴀጤဨ㛗኱᭶ ᗣᘯ ୍ᶫ኱Ꮫ⤒῭Ꮫ㒊ࡀᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ▷ᮇᾏእㄪᰝࡣࠊ᪥ᮏᅜᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧᰴ
ᘧ఍♫୕஭ఫ཭㖟⾜ࠊࡲࡓ୍ᶫ኱Ꮫࡼࡾ㈈ᨻⓗᨭ᥼ࢆ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㛵ಀྛ఩ࠊ≉࡟୕஭ఫ཭㖟⾜๓఍㛗࡛⌧ᅾ┦ㄯᙺ࡛࠶ࡿ໭ᒣ⚞௓Ặࠊࡲࡓ୍ᶫ኱Ꮫ
㛗ⶑ἟ᏹ୍ඛ⏕࡟ࡣࠊ⾺ᚰࡼࡾᚚ♩ࢆ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ࣮ࣦ࢙࣭ࣝࣥ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ኱Ꮫࡢࢹ࢕ࣝࢡ࣭ࢳࣕࣝࢽࢶ࢟ᩍᤵࠊࣝࢿ࣭
࣋ࣝࢹࣝ࣎ࢫᩍᤵࠊࣃ࣭ࣜࢹ࢕ࢻࣟ኱Ꮫ㸦ࣃࣜ➨ 7 ኱Ꮫ㸧ࡢ୰ᓥᬗᏊ᪥ᮏㄒᏛ
⛉Ꮫ⛉㛗ࠊ࣓࣮ࣝࣝ㛵㑥Ꮚඛ⏕ࠊ୕ᮌᮥᏊඛ⏕࡟ࡣࠊࡈከ⏝ࡢ࡞࠿Ꮫ⏕ࡢⓙࡉࢇࢆࢥ࣮ࢹ࢕ࢿ࣮ࢺࡋࠊᙜ᪥ࡢࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆᐇࡾ㇏࠿࡞ࡶࡢ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ
ࡔ࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࡟῝ㅰ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ 㹃㹓㆟఍ࢹࢫࣆࢼ࣭ࢶ࢛࣮ࢽᵝࠊ⤒῭༠ຊ㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ㸦OECD㸧ᩍ⫱࣭ࢫ࢟ࣝ㒊㛛ᒁ㛗ὸཎᐶᏊᵝࠊࣃࣜ᪥ᮏᩥ໬఍㤋ᮡᾆຮ㤋㛗ࠊ㟷ᮌᬛ஦ᴗᒁ㛗ࠊᑠᓥ⍞ᕼᵝࠊ࿡ࡢ⣲ᰴᘧ఍♫࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢୗಖᐶᵝࠊࢤࣛࣥࢻሷ⏣ぢᏛ᪋タࢸ࣮࣭ࣝࢻ࣭
ࢭࣝࡢ࢔࣓࣭ࣜࣝࢼ࣮ࣝᵝࠊ࢔ࣝࣀ࣮࣭࢝ࢪࢲࢽࣘࢫᵝ࡟ࡶࠊ࠾ᛁࡋ࠸࡞࠿ぢᏛ࣭◊ಟࢆࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊ⠜ࡃᚚ♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ ዴỈ఍ࡢⓙᵝ࡟ࡶࡈᨭ᥼ࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࣃࣜᨭ㒊ࡢୗಖᐶᨭ㒊㛗ࠊஂఫᾴᏊᵝ࡟ࡣࠊᚰࡲࡿ᠓ぶ఍ࢆࡈ௻⏬࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࣈࣜࣗࢵࢭࣝᨭ

㒊ࡢᰘᓮὒ୍ᨭ㒊㛗࡟ࡣ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮࡛ࡢᏛ⏕ࡢᏳ඲☜ಖ࡟ࡈᑾຊ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ
⾺ᚰࡼࡾᚚ♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢሗ࿌᭩࡟ࡣࠊཧຍࡋࡓᏛ⏕ࡓࡕࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ⌧ᆅ࡛Ꮫࡧࠊឤࡌࠊㄪ࡭ࡓ
ࡇ࡜ࡢ⤖ᯝࡀ㞟ᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡈᣦᑟࡃࡔࡉࡗࡓኴ⏣ᝆ௓ඛ⏕ࠊᯇᮏ♩Ꮚඛ⏕ࠊⱥᩥࡢᰯ㜀ࡶࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡗࡓ࣑࣭࣐ࣞࣥࣝࢳ࢙ࣇඛ⏕࡟ࡣ⠜ࡃᚚ♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ ཧຍㅖྩࡀ⍞ࠎࡋ࠸ឤᛶ࡛ᚓࡓᡂᯝࡀ࠸࠿࡟኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓ࠿ࠊࢆ࠺࠿ࡀ࠸▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊ኱ኚᎰࡋࡃᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᙼࡽࡀࠊ௒ᅇࡢ◊ಟࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚௒ᚋ኱ࡁ
ࡃ⩚ࡤࡓࡃࡇ࡜ࢆ♳ᛕࡋࠊࡲࡓࡇࡢሗ࿌᭩ࢆᡭ࡟ࡋࡓᚋ㍮ㅖྩࡀࠊ኱ࡁ࡞่⃭ࢆ࠼࡚ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸୍Ṍࢆ㋃ࡳฟࡍࡇ࡜ࢆᮇᚅࡋ࡚ࠊᨇ➹ࡋࡲࡍࠋ

6



ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Yasuhiro Otsuki
Professor, Graduate School of Economics
Director, Executive Committee of the short-term overseas research
Our overseas research program was financially sponsored by the Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT Japan),
Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation (SMBC), and the Hitotsubashi University
Foundation Scholarship. We would like to thank everyone concerned with the programand especially Mr. Teisuke Kitayama, former Chairman of the Board of SMBC, and Dr.
Koichi Tadenuma, President of Hitotsubashi University.
We would also like to express our sincere gratitude to the following institutions
and persons: KU Leuven and Prof. Dirk Czarnitzki, Prof. René Belderbos, Paris Diderot
University and Prof. Akiko Nakajima, director of Japanese Studies, Prof. Kuniko
Lemaire-Seki, Prof. Kyoko Miki for their kind coordination of meetings; the European
Parliament and Visits Organizer Despina Tsouni; the Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Mrs. Hiroko Asahara, Directorate for
Education and Skills, Terre de Sel Guérande and Mrs. Amélie Renard, responsible forgroups, Guide Arnaud Casidanius; Ajinomoto Europe S.A.S. and Food Strategy Vice
President Hiroshi Kaho; Maison de la Culture du Japon à Paris and President Tsutomu
Sugiura, General Director of Program Satoshi Aoki and Organizer Mizuki Kojima for
their generous acceptance of our students; the Josuikai Paris Branch with Director
Hiroshi Kaho and Organizer Ryoko Kusumi for their heartful preparation of a welcome
party; the Josuikai Brussel Branch with Director Yoichi Shibazaki for their security
assistance.
This booklet includes reports and essays written by this year’s program
participants. Putting it together would have been impossible without the invaluableguidance and assistance of Dr. Yusuke Ota, Dr. Reiko Matsumoto and Dr. Milen
Martchev. We are most grateful for their kind editing of the students’ presentations anddrafts.





7

ᗎᩥ
୍ᶫ኱Ꮫ⤒῭Ꮫ㒊㛗ᒸᐊ ༤அ ୍ᶫ኱Ꮫ⤒῭Ꮫ㒊ࡣࠊ2013 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽࠕࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭࣮ࣝࣜࢲ࣮ࢬ࣭ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖ
㸦GLP㸧ࢆᮏ᱁ⓗ࡟㛤ጞࡋࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛⥅⥆ࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣࠊᏛ
⏕ࡓࡕࡢ⤒῭Ꮫࡢᑓ㛛▱㆑ࡸศᯒࢫ࢟ࣝࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡜ⱥㄒ࡟ࡼࡿ㧗ᗘ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽ
ࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ⬟ຊࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ
ࠕ⌧ሙឤぬࠖࢆᾰ㣴ࡋࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞どⅬ࠿ࡽ⮬ࡽ⤒῭࣭♫఍ࡢㄢ㢟ࢆⓎぢࡋࠊゎỴ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿேᮦࢆ⫱࡚ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ࠕⓒ⪺ࡣ୍ぢ࡟ዴ࠿ࡎࠖ࡜ゝ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊୡ⏺ⓗ࡞ど㔝ࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜እᅜࡢࡇ࡜ࢆᏛࢇ࡛࠿ࡽࠊࡑࡢእᅜࢆ⮬ࡽぢ࡚ࠊయ㦂ࡋࠊ⌧ᆅࡢᏛ⏕ࡸ௻ᴗே➼࡜஺ὶࡍࡿࡢࡀࠊຠᯝⓗ࡛ࡍࠋ⤒῭Ꮫ㒊ࡢ▷ᮇᾏእㄪᰝࡣࠊࡑࡢព࿡࡛ࠊGLP ࡢ୰࡛㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢሗ࿌᭩ࡣࠊኴ⏣ᝆ௓ඛ⏕ࡢᣦᑟࡢୗ࡟ 2018 ᖺ 1 ᭶ 20 ᪥㸦ᅵ㸧࠿ࡽ 30 ᪥㸦ⅆ㸧ࡲ࡛࣋ࣝࢠ࣮࡜ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠊ௒ᖺᗘࡢ EU ᾏእㄪᰝࡢෆᐜࢆࡲ࡜
ࡵࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࡇࡢሗ࿌᭩ࡣ༢࡞ࡿ 10 ᪥㛫ࡢ᪑ࡢグ㘓࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⌧ᆅ࡛ࡢྲྀᮦ࡜Ⓨ⾲ࡢ‽ഛࢆྵࡴࡇࡢ 1 ᖺ㛫ࡢᏛ⏕ࡓࡕࡢ◊㛑ࡢ㞟኱ᡂ࡛ࡍࠋࡇ
ࡢ 1 ᖺ㛫ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊཧຍᏛ⏕ࡓࡕࡣኴ⏣ᝆ௓ඛ⏕ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎᯇᮏ♩Ꮚඛ⏕ࡢᇶ♏ࢮ࣑࡟࠾࠸࡚࣋ࣝࢠ࣮࡜ࣇࣛࣥࢫࠊࡉࡽ࡟࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡜Ḣᕞ㐃ྜ㸦EU㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚኱࠸࡟Ꮫࡧࠊ㛵ᚰࢆࡉࡽ࡟῝ࡵࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟௒ᚋࡢ⢭⚄ⓗ࡞ᡂ㛗ࡢ⣊ࢆᚓࡓࡇ࡜࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
 10 ྡࡢཧຍᏛ⏕ࡓࡕࡣḢᕞ㆟఍ࠊ⤒῭༠ຊ㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ㸦OECD㸧ࠊᅜ㝿஺ὶᇶ㔠ࠊ⌧ᆅ᪥ᮏ௻ᴗ㸦࿡ࡢ⣲㸧ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࢤࣛࣥࢻࡢሷ⏣ࢆゼၥࡋࠊ࣮ࣦ࢙࣭ࣝࣥ࢝ࢺࣜ
ࢵࢡ኱Ꮫࡸࣃ࣭ࣜࢹ࢕ࢻࣟ኱Ꮫ㸦ࣃࣜ➨ 7 ኱Ꮫ㸧࡛⌧ᆅᏛ⏕࡜ウㄽࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ3 ᭶ୗ᪪࡟Ꮫෆ࡛ࠊᏛ㒊 1 ᖺ⏕ࢆ୺࡞ᑐ㇟⪅࡜ࡍࡿㄪᰝሗ࿌఍ࢆ⾜࠺ணᐃ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡇ࡛Ꮫ⏕ࡓࡕࡣ⏕࡛ぢࡓ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮࡜ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢㅖ┦ࡸ⌧ᆅᏛ⏕࡜ࡢ஺
ὶࡢᵝᏊࢆ⤂௓ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ௒ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽ 4 Ꮫᮇไ⛣⾜࡟క࠸ࠊኟᮇఇᬤࡀ 2 㐌㛫࡯࡝▷ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ
ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ 9 ᭶ᚋ༙࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ EU ᅪ▷ᮇᾏእㄪᰝࡣཝ෤ᮇࡢ 1 ᭶ୗ᪪࡟ᐇ
᪋ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞᫬ᮇ࡟Ꮫ⏕ྠኈࡢ◊✲Ⓨ⾲ࡸ஺ὶࡢᶵ఍ࢆ୚࠼࡚ࡃ
ࡔࡉ࠸ࡲࡋࡓ୧኱Ꮫࡢඛ⏕᪉ࠊゼၥඛᶵ㛵ࡸዴỈ఍ࣃࣜᨭ㒊ࡢⓙᵝࠊࡑࡢ௚ࡇ

8ࡢᾏእㄪᰝ࡟࠾ຊῧ࠼ࢆࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࡲࡋࡓከࡃࡢ᪉ࠎ࡟ࠊᚰࡼࡾᚚ♩⏦ࡋ࠶ࡆࡲࡍࠋ௒ᅇࡢㄪᰝ࡟ཧຍࡋࡓᏛ⏕ࡓࡕࡀࠊࡑࡢ⤒㦂ࢆᚰ࡜㢌࡟้ࡳࠊ༞ᴗᚋ࡟ḟ௦ࡢࠕࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭࣮ࣝࣜࢲ࣮ࠖ࡬࡜ᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᮇᚅࡋࡲࡍࠋ

୍ᶫ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔⤒῭Ꮫ◊✲⛉≉௵ㅮᖌ
ኴ⏣ ᝆ௓
  
 ௒᪥ࠊ
ࠕࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࢆ┠࡟ࡋࡓࡾ⪥࡟ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡋ࡟୍
᪥ࢆ㐣ࡈࡍࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝୙ྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᏐ⩏㏻ࡾ࡟ࡣࠕୡ⏺
໬ࠖ࡜ヂࡍࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡢ⌧㇟ࡢ㉳※࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣㅖㄝ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ
ࠕே࣭≀࣭㔠ࡢᆅ⌫つᶍ࡛ࡢὶ㏻ࠖ࡟╔┠ࡋࡓ⤒῭ⓗ࡞ព࿡࡛ࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࡀ୍⯡࡟ゝࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊ๓ୡ⣖ᮎ࡟ゼࢀࡓ෭ᡓయไࡢ⤊↉௨㝆ࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ
ᙜ᫬⫯ᐃⓗ࡞ほⅬ࠿ࡽㄒࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࡣࠊ௒ୡ⣖࡟ධࡗࡓ㡭࠿ࡽḟ➨࡟ࡑࡢ㈇ࡢഃ㠃࡟ࡶගࡀᙜࡓࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࠊ௒᪥࡛ࡣṇ࡜㈇ࡢ୧ഃ㠃ࢆేࡏ
ࡶࡘ」㞧࡞⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀㄆ㆑ࡉࢀጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠕࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭࣮ࣝࣜࢲ࣮ࢬࠖࡢྡࢆෙࡋࡓࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢࡶ࡜ࠊ10 ྡࡢᏛ⏕ࢆ㏄࠼ࡓ௒ᖺࡢࣇࣛࣥࢫ࣭࣋ࣝࢠ࣮ㄪᰝ࡛⚾ࡀᮇᚅࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊࡇࡢㄪᰝࡀࢢ࣮ࣟ
ࣂࣝ໬࡜࠸࠺඲ୡ⏺࡛㐍⾜ࡍࡿ⌧㇟ࡢ」㞧ࡉ࡟ゐࢀࡿᶵ఍࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᮇᚅࢆᢪࡁࠊ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࡂࡾᖜࡢᗈ࠸ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ⤌ࡳࡲࡋࡓࠋ㒔ᕷ㸦ࣈࣜࣗࢵࢭࣝࠊࣃࣜ㸧࡜ᆅ᪉㸦࣮ࣦ࢙ࣝࣥࠊࢤࣛࣥࢻ㸧࡛ࡢ⁫ᅾࠊᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵㸦EU ㆟఍ࠊ⤒῭༠ຊ㛤Ⓨᶵᵓࠊᅜ㝿஺ὶᇶ㔠㸧࡜Ẹ㛫௻ᴗ㸦࿡ࡢ⣲㸧ࡢゼၥࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ⤒῭㸦࿡ࡢ⣲㸧࡜࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ࡞⤒῭㸦ࢤࣛࣥࢻሷ⏣㸧ࡢぢᏛࠊࡑࡋ࡚
ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢሙᡤ࡛ࡣᅜ⡠ࠊᛶูࠊᖺ㱋ࠊ౯್ほࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ␗࡞ࡿேࠎ࡜ࡢฟ఍
࠸ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋᮇᚅ࡟㐪ࢃࡎࠊᏛ⏕ࡓࡕࡣ᪑ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ
໬ࡢㅖ┦࡟ゐࢀࠊࡑࡢ⤒㦂ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓ⪃ᐹࡢᡂᯝࡀࡇࡢሗ࿌᭩࡟཰ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ཧຍ⪅ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢⓎぢ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣྛ⮬ࡢሗ࿌࡟ㆡࡾࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ࣮ࣦ࢙࣭ࣝࣥ
࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ኱Ꮫ࡜ࣃࣜ➨ 7 ኱Ꮫࡢ୧኱Ꮫ࡜ඹദࡋࡓウㄽ఍࡟ࡘ࠸࡚グࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋウㄽ఍࡟⮫ࡴ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࠊᏛ⏕ࡣ୍ᖺ㛫࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚⮬ࡽࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࢆ῝ࡵࠊᩥ⊩࡟࠶ࡓࡾࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ࣑࣭࣐ࣞࣥࣝࢳ࢙ࣇඛ⏕࡜ୖ⣭⏕ࡢຊࢆ೉ࡾ࡚ⱥㄒ࡛ࡢⓎ⾲࡜㉁␲ᛂ⟅ࡢࣜࣁ࣮ࢧࣝࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ࣮ࣦ࢙࡛ࣝࣥ





9

ࡣ⤒῭Ꮫ࡜࠸࠺ඹ㏻ࡢࢹ࢕ࢩࣉࣜࣥࢆࡶࡘ኱Ꮫ㝔ࡢ༤ኈㄢ⛬ࡢᏛ⏕ࠊࣃ࡛ࣜࡣ
᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⛉ࡢᏛ㒊⏕࡟ྥࡅ࡚Ⓨ⾲ࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ୍᪉࡛ࡣࠊࡼࡾ㧗ᗘ࡞▱㆑ࢆഛ࠼ࡓ኱Ꮫ㝔⏕࡟ࡓ࠸ࡋ࡚ㄝᚓຊࢆࡶࡗࡓ㆟ㄽࢆᒎ㛤ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࠊ௚
᪉࡛ࡣ᪥ᮏ࡬ࡢᖜᗈ࠸⯆࿡ࢆࡶࡘᏛ㒊⏕࡟ྥࡅ࡚ᴫᛕࢆ࠿ࡳࡃࡔࡁࠊศ࠿ࡾࡸ
ࡍࡃㄒࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ࡜ࡾࢃࡅࣃ࡛ࣜࡣⱥㄒࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫ
ㄒࡢ୕࢝ᅜㄒࡀධࡾ஺ࡌࡾࠊゝⴥࢆᑾࡃࡋ࡚஫࠸࡟⌮ゎࡋྜ࠾࠺࡜ࡍࡿᵝᏊ࠿ࡽࡣࠊᏛ⏕ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࡢእ㒊࠿ࡽࡢࠕほᐹ⪅ࠖ࡟ࡣ࡜࡝ࡲࡽࡎࠊ
ࡑࡢ」㞧ࡉࡢࡓࡔ࡞࠿࡟࠶ࡿᵝᏊࡀఛ࠼ࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠿ࡘ࡚ࡇࡢᆅ࡟Ꮫࡧࠊ2015 ᖺࡢࢩ࣭࢚ࣕࣝࣜࣈࢻくᧁ஦௳௨᮶ࠊࡑࡇ࡟ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࡢࡦ࡜ࡘࡢᖐ⤖ࢆぢ࡚࡜ࡾࠊ῝࠸៧៖ࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ⚾࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ⌮ゎࡋྜ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟႐ࡧࢆぢฟࡋࡓᙼࡽࡢ⏕ࡁ⏕ࡁ࡜ࡋࡓ⾲᝟ࡀᑠࡉ࡞ᕼᮃࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࢆࠊಶேⓗ࡞ឤ៓࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡇ࡟グࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
 10᪥㛫ࡢΏ⯟࡜࠸࠺ࡇࡢ㈗㔜࡞ᶵ఍ࡣࠊᵝࠎ࡞᪉ࠎࡢᨭ࠼࡞ࡃࡋ࡚ࡣ࠶ࡾ࠼
ࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ⣬ᖜࡢ㒔ྜୖࠊ඲ဨࡢ࠾ྡ๓ࢆᣲࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ࠾
᩿ࡾࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊ௨ୗࡢ᪉ࠎ࡟᱁ูࡢឤㅰࢆ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ࣮ࣦ࢙࣭ࣝࣥ࢝ࢺ
ࣜࢵࢡ኱Ꮫࡢࢹ࢕ࣝࢡ࣭ࢳࣕࣝࢽࢶ࢟ඛ⏕ࠊࣝࢿ࣭࣋ࣝࢹࣝ࣎ࢫඛ⏕ࠊࣃࣜ➨7኱Ꮫࡢ୰ᓥᬗᏊඛ⏕ࠊ࣓࣮ࣝࣝ㛵㑥Ꮚඛ⏕ࠊ୕ᮌᮥᏊඛ⏕࡟ࡣウㄽ఍࡜஺ὶ఍
ࡢሙࢆࡶ࠺ࡅ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋୗಖᐶᵝ㸦࿡ࡢ⣲㸧ࠊὸཎᐶᏊᵝ㸦⤒῭༠ຊ㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ㸧ࠊᑠᓥ⍞ᕼᵝ㸦ᅜ㝿஺ὶᇶ㔠࣭ࣃࣜ᪥ᮏᩥ໬఍㤋㸧࡟ࡣ࠾ᛁࡋ࠸࡞࠿ࠊ
࠾௙஦ࡢ୍➃ࢆᣏぢࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࣃࣜዴỈ఍ᖿ஦ࡢஂఫᾴᏊᵝ࡟ࡣྠ఍࡜ࡢ᠓ぶ఍ࢆ௻⏬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࢤࣛࣥࢻሷ⏣ࢸ࣮࣭ࣝࢻ࣭ࢭࣝࡢ
࢔࣓࣭ࣜࣝࢼ࣮ࣝᵝ࡜࢔ࣝࣀ࣮࣭࢝ࢪࢲࢽࣘࢫᵝ࡟ࡣࠊࣈࣝࢱ࣮ࢽࣗᆅ᪉ࡢ㇏
࠿ࡉࢆᇉ㛫ࡳࡿᶵ఍ࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ๓ᮇᇶ♏ࢮ࣑ࢼ࣮ࣝᢸᙜࡢᯇᮏ♩Ꮚඛ⏕࡟ࡣᏛ⏕ࡢ▱㆑ࡢᗏୖࡆࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊࡲࡓ࣑࣭࣐ࣞࣥࣝࢳ࢙ࣇඛ⏕ࡣⱥᩥࡢᰯ㜀ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊฟⓎ๓ࡢࣜࣁ࣮ࢧ࡛ࣝࡣウㄽ࡟ࡲ࡛ཧຍࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࡲ
ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᮎᑿ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊᮏࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ⿬᪉࡜ࡋ࡚ᨭ࠼࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡗ
ࡓ஦ົᒁࡢ≟㣫⿱Ꮚࡉࢇࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝ࢜ࣇ࢕ࢫࡢᖹ஭⨾༓Ꮚࡉࢇࠊ㧗⏣ᬛᜨᏊࡉࢇࡢ࠾୕᪉࡟ࠊᚰࡼࡾᚚ♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ

10



Foreword
Prof. Hiroyuki Okamuro
Dean, Faculty of Economics
The Faculty of Economics has, since 2013, continually offered its own “Global
Leaders Program” (GLP), which aims to foster in our students the capability of finding
important problems in the economy and society from a global viewpoint, and solving
these problems appropriately. An effective way to obtain such a viewpoint is looking at
foreign countries with one's own eyes and talking to their local people directly, while atthe same time learning about one's own and foreign cultures. In this sense, ourShort-Term Overseas Research Trip plays an essential role within the GLP curriculum.
This report covers the contents of the most recent research trip that ten selectedstudents took to Belgium and France between January 20th and 30th, 2018, under thesupervision of Professor Yusuke Ota. It is not just a record of their 10 days’ journey, butrather compiles the outcomes of their studies of the whole year, including the
preparation for their interviews and presentations in the research trip. During the pastacademic year, the students have intensively studied about Belgium, France, and also
Europe and the EU through the introductory seminars held by Professors Yusuke Ota
and Reiko Matsumoto. I am sure that they have been able to enhance their interest in
EU countries and obtained a foundation for further intellectual growth.
This year, the research trip was conducted during mid-winter January (instead of
our traditional field-studies month, September), due to the introduction of a new quarter
system at Hitotsubashi. The ten participants visited the EU Parliament, the Organisation
for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the Japan Foundation, a local
Japanese company subsidiary, and a famous salt pan in Guérande (Bretagne). They had
discussion meetings with local students at KU Leuven (Belgium) and Paris Diderot
University (Paris 7). I look forward to hearing from the participants about what they
have seen, heard, and felt during their trip at the earliest opportunity.
I am cordially grateful to the faculty of both our host universities and therepresentatives of the organizations that the students visited, as well as the members of
Josuikai Paris Affiliate, and all the other people who supported this field study. I expect
the students who participated in this project to continue their growth towards becoming




11

“global leaders”, based on their own real experience.

Yusuke Ota
Assistant Professor, Graduate School of Economics
Today, it seems almost impossible to pass even one day without hearing or reading
the word of“globalization”. In Japanese, we translate it literally as “sekai-ka” or“global-ka”, which mean “becoming world”. There are various opinions about theorigin of this phenomenon; however, we generally agree that the understanding of
globalization in an economic sense, that is to say a worldwide movement of humans,
things and currencies, became common after the close of the Cold War at the end of thelast century. While people were rather favourable to this phenomenon at that time, they
started focusing also on its negative aspects from around the beginning of this century.
These days, it is a well-known fact that globalization has not only its positive but also
its negative sides.
In preparing an overseas research trip to Belgium and France this year with ten
students as part of the “Global Leaders Program”, I hoped that it would give them an
opportunity to learn about the complexity of the ongoing phenomenon of globalization.
With this hope, I scheduled some wide-ranging activities: our stays in the large cities(Brussels, Paris) and the countryside (Leuven, Guérande); visits to internationalorganizations (EU Parliament, OECD, Japan Foundation) and a private company(Ajinomoto Europe); a visit to a global firm (Ajinomoto) and local economy (saltmarshes at Guérande); encounters with various people who have a different nationality,
sex, age and way of thinking in these places. As I expected, the students learned andappreciated diverse aspects of globalization in their trip. This report includes the fruitsof their reflections based on their individual experiences in Europe.
Among our various activities during the ten days, I would like to particularly
mention the debate sessions that we had with two European universities: KU Leuven
and Paris 7 University. In order to make an English presentation, the students studied
their subject, researched references and had a presentation rehearsal with a Q & A
session in English. The students’ efforts and perseverance allowed them to have a
discussion with PhD students majoring in economics at Leuven and to be convincing in
1212

their arguments. At Paris, they met with bachelor students from the faculty of Japanesestudies and had a nice opportunity to explain their concepts in more accessible terms. As
they were in a trilingual situation, English, Japanese and French, they communicatedmore keenly than usual with the local students, using all resources and vocabulary thatthey had in their possession. They seemed to find out the pleasure of understanding eachother with people in this situation. It was also my pleasure to see them getting awayfrom the position of a simple “spectator” of globalization from its outside and sharing
this moment of complexity of the world. Their cheerful faces and vivid speeches
seemed to be even a small sign of hope in our world. This sentiment was strong
especially because we were in Paris, where severe terrorist attacks occurred in 2015 andwhere I had also lived as a student for around four years.
Many persons and institutions supported our overseas research trip to give this
precious opportunity to the participants. I could not name all who were involved andapologize for it. I would like to express my deepest gratitude toward the professors andtheir students in two universities: professors Dirk Czarnitzki and René Belderbos at KU
Leuven and professors Akiko Nakajima, Kuniko Lemaire-Seki and Kyoko Miki at Paris
7 University for their kind organization of our joint seminars. I also appreciate thefollowing persons in our host institutions and companies: Mr. Hiroshi Kaho (Ajinomoto
Europe S.A.S.), Mrs. Hiroko Asahara (OECD), Mrs. Mizuki Kojima (The Japan
Foudation and Maison de la Culture du Japon à Paris) and Ms. Kusumi Ryoko(Josuiikai Paris Branch) for their gracious contribution to our program. My special
thanks go to Mrs. Amélie Renard and Mr. Arnaud Casidanius at Terre de Sel Guérande,
who gave to the students a chance to enjoy the wealth of Bretagne. Last but not least, I
would sincerely like to thank my colleagues at Hitotsubashi University, Prof. Reiko
Matsumoto, Prof. Milen Martchev, Mrs. Yuko Inukai, Mrs. Michiko Hirai and Mrs.
Chieko Takada for their valuable assistance throughout the year.





13

➨1㒊 ࢖ࣥࢺࣟࢲࢡࢩࣙࣥ
1. ཧຍ⪅ࡢᶓ㢦⤒῭Ꮫ㒊 2 ᖺ㧗ᶫ ᓁᕼ⤒Ṕ ⤒῭Ꮫ㒊 2 ᖺࡢ㧗ᶫᓁᕼ࡛ࡍࠋ⮬ศࢆ⡆༢࡟ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊయ⫱఍ࢸࢽࢫ㒊࡟㑅ᡭ࡜ࡋ࡚ᡤᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊᩘᏛࡀⱞᡭ࡞⤒῭Ꮫ㒊⏕࡛ࡍࠋ8 ᖺ㛫ᾏእ࡟ఫࢇ࡛࠸
ࡓ⤒㦂ࢆά࠿ࡋ࡚ⱥ఍ヰ⣔ࡢᤵᴗ࡛ࡣຊࢆⓎ᥹ࡋࠊᏛ㒊⛉┠࡜ᩘᏛࡢᤵᴗ୰ࡣ
Ṛࢇࡔ㨶ࡢࡼ࠺࡞┠࡛ࡸࡾ㐣ࡈࡍே㛫࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢇ࡞⚾࡛ࡍࡀࠊ▷ᮇᾏእㄪᰝ࡟
ࡣ኱Ꮫ࡟ධᏛࡍࡿ๓࠿ࡽ⯆࿡ࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ㧗ᰯ⏕ࡢ㡭ࠊ୍ᶫࡢ࣮࢜ࣉ࣭ࣥ
࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ࡛ࡑࡢᏑᅾࢆ▱ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡀ⾜ࡁඛ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡑࡋ࡚
௚ࡢඃ⚽࡞Ꮫ⏕࡜୍⥴࡟⾜ࡅࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡢ஧Ⅼ࡟኱ࡁ࡞㨩ຊࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ࢸ࣮࣐ࢆ㑅ࢇࡔືᶵ࡜ࢮ࣑
 ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡜ゝࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ⚾ࡢ㛵ᚰࡣࡔ࠸ࡪ೫ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࡣࡌࡵࡣࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘

14



ேࡢ཭ேࡢᙳ㡪࡛ࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘࡜࠸࠺ᅜ࡟ࡋ࠿⯆࿡ࡢ࡞࠸࢜ࢱࢡ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡅࢀ࡝
ࡶࠊ᫓ኟᏛᮇ࡟ᯇᮏඛ⏕ࡢࢮ࣑࡛Ꮫࡪ࠺ࡕ࡟ࠊEU ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾ኱ࡁ࡞ඹྠయࡢᯟ
⤌ࡳ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚▱ࡾࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ2016 ᖺ࠿ࡽ⥅⥆ⓗ࡟࢖ࢠࣜࢫ
ࡢ EU 㞳⬺ (Brexit) ࡀヰ㢟࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊEU ࡟ᒓࡉ࡞࠸ⱥᅜࡢ࠶ࡾ
᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪ࡭ࠊࡑࡢ௒ᚋࡢ㑅ᢥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ࣭࣮࣌ࣃ࣮ࢆ᭩ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ
㍯ㄞ୰⮬ศ࡟ୡ⏺ྐࡢ▱㆑ࡀ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟୙㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟Ẽ࡙ࡁ။↛࡜ࡋࡓࡾࠊ
࣓࣮ࣝ࡟ࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆῧ௜ࡋᛀࢀࡓࡾࡋࡓ⚾ࢆඃࡋࡃຓࡅ࡚ୗࡉࡗࡓᯇᮏඛ⏕ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ⛅෤Ꮫᮇࡢኴ⏣ඛ⏕ࡢࢮ࣑࡛ࡣ㍯ㄞࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࡀࠊࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙ
ࣥࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡼࡾ✚ᴟⓗ࡟Ⓨゝࢆࡍࡿᶵ఍ࡀቑ࠼࡚ᴦࡋ࠿ࡗࡓ࡛ࡍࠋGLP ࡢ௰㛫ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃᏛᖺࡢ㐪࠺ඛ㍮᪉࡜ࡶ㛵ࢃࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊཧຍࡋ࡚ࡼ࠿ࡗࡓ࡞࡜ฟ
Ⓨࡍࡿ๓࠿ࡽᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠶࡜ᡃࡽࡀኴ⏣ඛ⏕ࠊ኱ዲࡁ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࠕࡳࢇ࡞ࡢ㜵ᐮᑐ⟇ࡀ኱୔ኵ࠿ࣇ࢓ࢵࢩࣙࣥࢳ࢙ࢵࢡࡋࡼ࠺ࠖ࡜࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗ࡚ࠊ୍ேࡔࡅࡶࡇ
ࡶࡇ࡞┿෤ࡢ᱁ዲ࡛࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࠊ෇࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࢫࢸࢵࣉ௜ࡁ࡛ࣇࣛࣥࢫ
ㄒࡢ࣎ࣥࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࢆ⦎⩦ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࠊᛀࢀࡽࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ⦎⩦ࢆά࠿ࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡀ
ࢇࡤࡾࡲࡍࠋ
┠ᶆ ௒ᅇࡢㄪᰝ࡟ࡣ஧ࡘࡢ┠ᶆࢆࡶࡗ࡚⮫ࡳࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡎࡣࠊ⌧ᆅࡢᏛ⏕࡟⮬ᅜࡀ EU ࡬ᡤᒓࡋ⥆ࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟㈶ᡂ࠿཯ᑐ࠿࡜࠸࠺ពぢࢆ┤᥋⪺ࡃࡇ࡜ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᙼࡽࡀ㑅ࡪࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ❧ሙࡢ⫼ᚋ࡟࠶ࡿ⌮⏤ࢆ⪺ࡁࡓ࠸࡛ࡍࠋBrexit ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆࡶ࡜࡟ㄪ࡭ࠊ⤒῭ⓗ࡞࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡀ㞳⬺࠿ṧ␃࠿ࡢุ᩿
ࢆᕥྑࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ⛣Ẹၥ㢟ࡸᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࣉࣛ
࢖ࢻ㸦EU ⾜ᨻ࡟࠾ࡅࡿỴᐃᶒ㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ឤ᝟ⓗ࡞せ⣲ࡣᐈほⓗ࡞ุ᩿ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜ឤࡌࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢᏛ⏕ࡓࡕࡀᐇ㝿ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡾࡓ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ
࣓ࢹ࢕࢔࡛ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࡸࡍ࠸ࡢࡣࠊ⏕άࡀᅔ❓ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᒙ࠿࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᑓ㛛ࡢ◊✲⪅࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ୧ᴟ➃࡟ศ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ༳㇟ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋẚ㍑ⓗ⿱⚟࡛㧗ᗘ࡞ᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࡁࡓⱝ⪅ࡣ࡝࠺⪃࠼ࡿࡢ࠿࡟⯆࿡ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ஧ࡘ┠ࡢ┠ᶆࡣࠊᛮ࠸ษࡾᴦࡋࢇ࡛ 1 ᖺ㛫࠾ୡヰ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࢮ࣑ࡢⓙ࡜௰ࢆ῝ࡵࡿ஦࡛ࡍࠋࢤࣛࣥࢻࡢሷ⏣࠿ࡽ OECD ࡲ࡛ᵝࠎ࡞ሙᡤࢆぢᏛ࡛ࡁࠊࡑࡇ
࡬ⓙ࡛⾜ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡣᖾࡏ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⣲ᩛ࡞ᛮ࠸ฟࢆࡓࡃࡉ
ࢇసࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࠋ





15

⤒῭Ꮫ㒊 2 ᖺ┦ᕝ ඖᏹ ࡇࢇ࡟ࡕࡣࠋ2017 ᖺᗘࡢḢᕞ▷ᮇᾏእㄪᰝ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿ⤒῭Ꮫ㒊 2 ᖺࡢ┦ᕝඖᏹ࡛ࡍࠋ௒ᅇࡢḢᕞ▷ᮇᾏእㄪᰝ࡟ࡣ㨩ຊⓗ࡞ゼၥࡀከᩘ⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ
ࡀࠊ࡞࠿࡛ࡶ࣮ࣦ࢙࣭ࣝࣥ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ኱Ꮫ࡜ࣃࣜ➨୐኱Ꮫ࡜ࡢウㄽ఍ࡀࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ㔜せ࡞ゼၥ࡟࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ≉࡟ࠊ࣮ࣦ࢙࣭ࣝࣥ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ኱Ꮫࡢ᪉࡛ࡣ኱
Ꮫ㝔⏕ࡢ᪉࡜ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚
࠸ࡲࡍࠋฟⓎ๓࠿ࡽࡍ࡛࡟኱ኚ⥭ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ᴦࡋࡳ࡟ࡶࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ཎ✏ࡢసᡂ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ⮬↛࡞ⱥㄒ࡛᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࢆᚰࡀࡅࡓࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ
ෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᩥ⊩➼ࡢ⥥ᐦ࡞ㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊ⮬ศࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙ
ࣥࢆసࡾୖࡆࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡣ㧗ᰯࡢᆅ⌮ࡢᤵᴗ࡛Ꮫࢇ࡛௨᮶⯆࿡ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ EU
ࡢඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢᚲせᛶࢆၥ࠺ෆᐜࡢⓎ⾲ࢆసࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋㄪᰝࢆ
㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃ࠺ࡕ࡟ࠊඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇ࡣ㧗ᰯࡢ㡭࡟Ꮫ⩦ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡞༢⣧࡞ᨻ⟇࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊఱᗘࡶᨵ㠉ࢆ⤒࡚⌧ᅾࡢᙧ࡟⮳ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ
ᗘ㔜࡞ࡿᨵ㠉࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊ࠸ࡲࡔከ᪉㠃࠿ࡽከࡃࡢၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡢᣦ᦬ࢆ

16



ཷࡅ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㆟ㄽࢆ࿧ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ௒ᅇࡢ
ΏḢࡢព⩏࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡲࡉ࡟௒ศ⿣ࡢ༴ᶵ࡟࠶ࡿ EU ࡢ᰿ᖿࢆ࡞ࡍඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮࡜ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡜࠸࠺ 2 ࢝ᅜࡢᏛ⏕࠿ࡽពぢࢆ⪺࠸࡚ウㄽ࡛ࡁ
ࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᙜ஦⪅࡛࠶ࡿᏛ⏕ࡣ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ⚾ࡓࡕࡢᣢࡕྜࢃ
ࡏ࡚࠸࡞࠸どⅬࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⚾ࡶࡑࢀࢆ⪺ࡃࡢࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟ᴦࡋࡳ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ5 ᪥┠࡟ࡣᮏ኱Ꮫ༞ᴗ⏕࡛ࣃࣜዴỈ఍࡟ᡤᒓࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ࠎ࡜ࡢ᠓ぶ఍ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࣃ࡛ࣜᐇ㝿࡟άືࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᮏᏛ༞ᴗ⏕ࡢ᪉ࡀ࡝ࢇ࡞άືࢆࡉࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊ௒ࡢ⚾ࡓࡕᏛ⏕࡟ఱࢆᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷࡿࡢ࠿ࠊᾏእ࡛ാࡃ㨩ຊࡣఱ࠿࡞࡝ࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢ᪉࡜࠾ヰࢆࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀ௨እ࡟ࡶࠊEU㆟఍ࠊOECDࠊᅜ㝿஺ὶᇶ㔠ࠊ࿡ࡢ⣲࡞࡝୍⯡ࡢ᪑⾜࡛ࡣ࡞࠿࡞࠿࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛
ࡁ࡞࠸ሙᡤ࡟ࡶ⾜࠿ࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ㠀ᖖ࡟ᴦࡋࡳ࡛ࡍࠋ ௒ᅇࡢΏḢ࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࠊ๓ᮇ࡟ᯇᮏ♩Ꮚඛ⏕ࡢࢮ࣑ࠊᚋᮇ࡟ኴ⏣ᝆ௓ඛ⏕ࡢࢮ࣑ࢆཷㅮࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ๓ᮇࡢࢮ࣑࡛ࡣ EU ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࡢ࠿
ࢆᏛࡧࠊᚋᮇ࡟ࡣ⮬ศࡢⓎ⾲࡟ࡼࡾ☻ࡁࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃసᴗࢆࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋᚋᮇࡢ
ࢮ࣑࡛ࡣ⮬ศࡢ◊✲ࡋࡓෆᐜࢆ 10 ศ㛫ࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟཰ࡵࡿࡓࡵࠊㄽ
᪨ࢆ᫂ᛌ࡟ࡋࡓࡾࠊࡲࡓศ࠿ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻࢆᚰ᥃ࡅࡓࡾ࡜ᤵᴗ᫬㛫እ࡟ࡶ‽ഛࢆ㔜ࡡࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ௒ᅇࡢㄪᰝ࡛࡜ࡶ࡟Ώ⯟ࡍࡿ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢ๓࡛Ⓨ⾲ࡋࠊ⮬ศ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿࡞࠿Ẽ࡙ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸Ⅼࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࠊࡉࡽ࡟Ⰻ࠸
Ⓨ⾲࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ດຊࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋᮏ␒࡟ྥࡅ࡚ཎ✏ࢆㄞࡴ‽ഛࢆࡋࡗ࠿ࡾࡋ࡚ࠊࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆᡂຌࡉࡏࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ





17

経済学部 2 年
森 香菜子

私が短期海外調査に応募する目的は、ベルギーとフランスに直接調査に行く
ことで、現地でディスカッションを行い、文化遺産や地方都市への訪問を通して、ヨーロッパの歴史的背景やその意義を確認することです。
先輩方のこれまでの短期海外研修の報告書を拝見し、英語でのプレゼンテー
ション、WTO の視察、現地の企業の従業員の方との交流、そして歴史的文化財の見学の様子を知り、調査への期待がさらに高まりました。特に今回の行き先であるベルギーは EU の主要機関の多くが集まる「EU の首都」であり、その地球規模の通信・金融網の発達した国に訪れることができる点にも魅力を感じました。人・モノ・金が自由に移動する EU 経済がどのように発足し、それぞれの機関が実際にどのように動いているのか、また EU のシステムの効率的な側面、大規模システムの短所はどこにあるのかといったことに興味があり、調査前に EU の組織と歴史について調べて知識を蓄え、日本経済と全く異なる規模の通貨や人の動きに実際に触れたいと考えました。
また、英語でのディスカッションとプレゼンテーションの機会がある点も魅力的です。この機会を通じて英語のリスニングやスピーキングの能力を高め、

18

18

ゝㄒࡢ㐪࠸࡜࠸࠺ቨ࡟␃Ꮫ๓࡟ࡪࡘ࠿ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ⮬ศࡢពぢࢆ࡛ࡁࡿ㝈ࡾ㞀ᐖ࡞ࡃ┦ᡭ࡟㏻㐩ࡍࡿࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ☻ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ⮬ศ࡟㊊
ࡾ࡞࠸Ⅼࢆ③ឤࡋࠊಟṇࡍࡿᶵ఍࡟ࡶ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ10 ᪥㛫࡜࠸࠺▷࠸ᮇ㛫࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ⮬ศࡢⱥㄒຊ࡜⤒῭Ꮫࡢ▱㆑ࢆ᭱኱㝈࡟ά࠿ࡋࠊ
ࡉࡽ࡟ከࡃࢆᏛࡪࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ດຊࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ ௒ᅇ⚾ࡣ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢᮾ᪉ᣑ኱࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࣋ࣝࢠ࣮࡜ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢ኱Ꮫ࡛ࣉࣞࢮ
ࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡍࠋⓎ⾲࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⌧ᆅࡢᏛ⏕ࡓࡕࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞཯ᛂࢆ♧ࡍࡢ࠿ࡣᮍ▱࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࡜࡚ࡶ⯆࿡῝࠸࡛ࡍࠋࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ㉁ࢆ㧗ࡵࠊᘓタⓗ࡞ពぢ஺᥮ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ດࡵ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡜࠸࠺Ṕྐⓗ࡟῝࠸ᩥ໬ࢆᣢࡘᅵᆅ࡟どᐹ࡟⾜ࡃࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ
ᩥ໬ⓗᩍ㣴ࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵ࡟኱ษࡔ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋཤᖺึࡵ࡚࢖ࢱࣜ࢔ࢆゼࢀࡓ᫬࡟ឤࡌࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ⌧ᆅࢆᐇ㝿࡟ゼࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢṔྐ࡜ᩥ໬ࡢࡘ࡞
ࡀࡾࢆᐇ㝿࡟┠ࡸ⪥࡛య㦂ࡋࠊ⮬ศࡢᩍ㣴࡜ࡋ࡚྾཰ࡋࡓ࠸࡛ࡍࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࡇ
ࡢᾏእㄪᰝ࡛㌟࡟௜ࡅࡿᛮ⪃ຊࡸศᯒຊࡣ⚾ࡢ┠ᣦࡍ␃Ꮫࡸࡑࢀ௨㝆ࡢຮᙉ࡟኱ࡁࡃᙺ❧ࡘ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ▷ᮇᾏእㄪᰝ࡟⾜ࡃ๓࡟ࠊᇶ♏ࢮ࣑ࢼ࣮ࣝࡸ⤒῭ㄒᏛࡸ⤒῭ᑓ㛛⛉┠ࡢᤵᴗ࡛▷ᮇᾏእㄪᰝ࡟ᚲせ࡞▱㆑ࡸ⪃࠼᪉ࢆᏛࡧࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛༑ศ࡟‽ഛࢆ⾜ࡗࡓୖ࡛⌧ᆅ࡟⾜ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ࣉࣟࢭࢫࡀ࡜࡚ࡶ኱஦
࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ▱㆑୙㊊ࡢࡲࡲ࡛⌧ᆅ࡟⾜ࡗ࡚ఱ࡜࡞ࡃᖐࡗ࡚
ࡃࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ඲ࡃࡶࡗ࡚ព࿡ࡀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ⮬㌟ࡀ஦๓࡟㌟࡟௜ࡅࡓ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢ⤒῭ⓗ࣭ᩥ໬ⓗ࡞▱㆑࡜ࠊ⌧ᆅ࡛ࡢᐇ㝿ࡢගᬒ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࢆẚ㍑ࡋࠊ
ࡑࢀࡀ࡝࠺ྠࡌ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊࡲࡓࡣ㐪࠺ࡢ࠿ࢆ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࡂࡾ᫂☜࡟⌮ゎࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟
ᚰࡀࡅࡿࡘࡶࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ඘ᐇࡋࡓᏛࡧࡢ 10 ᪥㛫ࢆ㐣ࡈࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㡹ᙇࡗ࡚⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ





19

ၟᏛ㒊 3 ᖺ
ⴗ㔝 㞞ᙪ

⮬ᕫ⤂௓
 ၟᏛ㒊 3 ᖺࡢⴗ㔝㞞ᙪ࡛ࡍࠋ௒ᅇࡣᏛ㒊ࢆࡲࡓ࠸࡛ࡢཧຍ࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࢮ࣑
࡛ࡣࢥ࣮࣏࣮ࣞࢺ࣭ࣇ࢓࢖ࢼࣥࢫࢆᏛ⩦ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ௻ᴗࢆ㈈ົࡢ㠃࠿ࡽศᯒࡋ
࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㒊άື࡛ࡣయ⫱఍ࢧ࢖ࢡࣜࣥࢢ㒊࡟ᡤᒓࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ๪ᑗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࢳ࣮
࣒ࢆ⋡࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋᾏእ᪑⾜ࡶዲࡁ࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࢱ࢖ࡸ୰ᅜ࡞࡝࢔ࢪ࢔ᅪࢆ
୰ᚰ࡟᪑⾜ࡋ࡚᮶ࡲࡋࡓࠋ⮬ศࡀࡑࢀࡲ࡛࡟▱ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡟ࢳࣕࣞࣥࢪࡍࡿࡇ
࡜࡟ࡣ⯆࿡ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࢔࢘ࢺࢻ࢔࡛⮬⏤࡞࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱ࣮ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ᛂເࡋࡓືᶵ࣭⫼ᬒ ➨୍ࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ືᶵ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣᅜ㝿஺ὶࡀዲࡁࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋእᅜࡢே࡜ヰࡍࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ▱ࡽ࡞࠸౯್ほࡸどⅬ࠿ࡽ≀஦ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡜࡚ࡶᴦࡋࡃ᪂㩭࡛ࡋࡓࠋ≉࡟ 2ࠊ3 ᖺࡢ᫬࡟୰ᅜ࡟㛵ࢃࡿᏛ⏕ᅋయࡢ㐠Ⴀ࡟㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊእᅜࡢ஦᝟ࢆ
⪺࠸ࡓࡾ᪥ᮏࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ(㣗ᩥ໬ࡸ஺㏻ࠊᏛ⏕⏕άࡸᜊឡࡲ࡛)ヰࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿ㠃ⓑࡉࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ࡁ࡞⤒㦂࡛ࡍࠋࡃࢃ࠼࡚ࠊ≉࡟Ḣᕞ࡟⾜ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࡞ࡃࠊ
኱Ꮫࡢㄪᰝࢆවࡡ࡚⾜ࡅࡿᶵ఍࡜ࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ௒ᅇᛂເࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࢮ࣑ࡢඛ㍮ࡀ

20



࣮ࣦࣝ࢓ࣥ࡟༙ᖺ␃Ꮫࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࠸࠸ホุࢆ⪺࠸࡚࠾ࡾẼ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ
ࡕࡻ࠺࡝࠸࠸ᶵ఍ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
⯆࿡ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ ࡜࡟࠿ࡃึࡵ࡚ࡢ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊヰ࡛⪺࠸࡚൅ࡀ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࣮ࣚ
ࣟࢵࣃᕷ⾤࡜࡝ࢀࡃࡽ࠸ࡢ஋㞳ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࠿࡟⯆࿡ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋḢᕞࡢ⾤୪ࡳࠊ⏕࡛ぢࡿኊ኱࡞࢚ࢵࣇ࢙ࣝሪࠊ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮ࡢ࠾࠸ࡋ࠸ࣅ࣮ࣝ࡟࠾࠸ࡋ࠸ࢳࣙࢥࣞ
࣮ࢺࠊ࣓ࢺࣟ࡟஌ࡗࡓࡽὀពࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࢫࣜࠊ㧗࠸≀౯ࠊ࡞࡝࡞࡝ࠋ
ࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟࣋ࣝࢠ࣮ࡸࣇࣛࣥࢫࡀヰ㢟࡟ᣲࡀࡗࡓ㝿࡟ࡼࡃゝࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ
ࡀࠊᐇ㝿ࡣ࡝࠺࡞ࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡸࡣࡾᮾிࢱ࣮࣡࡜ࡣ㏕ຊࡀ㐪࠺ࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠊ
᪥ᮏࡢࢳࣙࢥ࣮ࣞࢺࡢ᪉ࡀ⏑ࡍࡂࡎ⨾࿡ࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ⋡┤࡞ឤ᝿ࢆᣢࡗ
࡚ᖐࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ
ㄪᰝ࡟ᮇᚅࡍࡿࡇ࡜ ⮬ศࡀᅜෆ࡛⪃࠼ࡓࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠊ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮࣭ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢᏛ
⏕࠿ࡽࡢ཯ᛂ࡟ᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⌧ᆅࡢᏛ⏕ࡀ࡝ࢀࡃࡽ࠸ពḧⓗ࡟஺ὶࡍࡿጼ
ໃ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊᙼࡽࡢⱥㄒຊࡣ࡝ࢀࡃࡽ࠸࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊ࡝ࢇ࡞㉁ၥࢆࡉࢀࡿࡢ࠿࡞࡝ࠊ
ᮍ▱ࡢ㒊ศࡀከ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣ୙Ᏻ࡞཯㠃ᴦࡋࡳ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋḢᕞෆ㒊ࡢඃ⚽࡞Ꮫ⏕ࡀ൅ࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ⪺࠸ࡓ᫬࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ឤࡌࡿࡢ࠿ࠊ࡞࡝࡟ࡘ࠸
࡚᥈ࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࠋ
ࡦ࡜ࡇ࡜ ྠୡ௦ࡢᏛ⏕࡜ពぢࢆ஺᥮ࡍࡿ㈗㔜࡞ᶵ఍ࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࣉࣞࢮࣥ
ࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡜ࡑࡢ㉁␲࡜ࡑࡢ๓ᚋ࡛ࡣ⢭୍ᮼ⮬ศࡢ୺ᙇࢆⓎಙࡋ࡚࠸ࡅࢀࡤ࡜
ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࣮ࣦࣝ࢓ࣥࡸࢤࣛࣥࢻ࡜࠸࠺ᑠࡉࡵࡢ⾤࡟ࡶ⾜ࡅࡿࡢ࡛ࠊḢᕞࡢ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ᬒⰍࢆぢ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࠋᙇࡾษࡗ࡚⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࠋ





21

⤒῭Ꮫ㒊 2 ᖺዟ⏣ ㎮ဢ ⚾ࡀ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮࣭ࣇࣛࣥࢫ▷ᮇᾏእㄪᰝ࡟ཧຍࡋࡓ᭱኱ࡢ⌮⏤ࡣࠊࡇࡢㄪᰝࡀ
ኟ࠿ࡽཧຍࡍࡿ␃Ꮫ࡬ࡢ୍ࡘࡢࢫࢸࢵࣉ࡜࡞ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡜⪃࠼ࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ␃Ꮫඛ
࡛ࡣࠊⱥㄒ࡟ࡼࡿࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠊࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟࠸ࡿ࡜ࠊⱥㄒ࡛ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆࡋ
ࡓࡾࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ࡜ࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿᶵ఍ࡀᚲࡎࡋࡶ༑ศ࡟ࡣᚓࡽࢀࡲࡏ
ࢇࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ែ࡛␃Ꮫ࡟⾜ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊᅽಽࡉࢀࡓࡾᡞᝨ࠺ࡤ࠿ࡾ࡛⤊ࢃࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ␃Ꮫࡢᶵ఍ࢆ⏕࠿ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࡇ
࡛ࠊᮏ᱁ⓗ࡞␃Ꮫ๓࡟ࡇࡢࢮ࣑࡟ཧຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊⱥㄒ࡛ࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙ
ࣥࡸ㉁␲ᛂ⟅࡜ࡣᐇ㝿ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡝࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࠿ࢆయ㦂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ␃Ꮫ࡜
࠸࠺ᶵ఍ࢆ༑඲࡟฼⏝ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ‽ഛ࡜ࡋࡼ࠺࡜⪃࠼࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᐇ㝿࡟๓ᮇ࡜ᚋᮇࡢᇶ♏ࢮ࣑࡟ཧຍࡋ࡚ࡳ࡚ࠊᚓࡓࡶࡢࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓ
࡛ࡍࠋࡲࡎ๓ᮇࡢᯇᮏඛ⏕ࡢࢮ࣑࡛ࡣࠊ◊✲᭩ࢆẖ㐌㍯ㄞࡋࠊෆᐜࡢⓎ⾲ࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ൅ࡣ௚ࡢᤵᴗ࡛㍯ㄞࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୍ᗘࡶ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ㈨ᩱࡸᮏࢆ
⌮ゎࡋ࡚ᩚ⌮ࡋࠊศ࠿ࡾࡸࡍࡃఏ࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᢏ⾡ࡢྥୖ࡟኱࠸࡟ᙺ❧ࡕࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊᚋᮇࡢኴ⏣ඛ⏕ࡢࢮ࣑࡛ࡣࠊᐇ㝿࡟ⱥㄒ࡟ࡼࡿࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ‽

22



ഛࢆ㐍ࡵࡲࡋࡓࠋⱥㄒ࡟ࡼࡿࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡸ㉁␲ᛂ⟅ࡢ⦎⩦ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ
ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡸ㉁␲ᛂ⟅࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡢ⣽࠿࡞ࢸࢡࢽࢵࢡࡸࠊࢺࣆࢵࢡࡢษࡾཱྀࠊ῝ࡵ᪉࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣኴ⏣ඛ⏕࠿ࡽᏛࡪࡇ࡜ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟ከ࠿ࡗࡓ࡛ࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ
ඛ㍮ࡸ࣐ࣝࢳ࢙ࣇඛ⏕࠿ࡽࡢ㗦࠸㉁ၥࡶࠊ⮬ࡽࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢෆᐜࢆ
Ὑ⦎ࡉࡏࡿࡢ࡟㠀ᖖ࡟࠸࠸ᮦᩱ࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽᐇ㝿࡟࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡛ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ⌧ᆅࡢᏛ⏕࡜ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࡇ࡛ᚓࡿࡶࡢࡶࡲࡓከ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆᮇ
ᚅࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏ࡛⦎⩦ࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࡶⱥㄒࡣ౑࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊෆᚰࡣ࡝ࡇ࠿࡛ࠊࡇ
ࡇࡣ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡇࢀࡣ⦎⩦ࡔ࡜࠸࠺వ⿱ࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⌧ᆅ࡛ࡣ࿘ࡾ࡜ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ࡜ࡿ᪉ἲࡀⱥㄒࡋ࠿࡞ࡃࠊࡑࡋ࡚┦ᡭ࡟⪺࠿ࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡣࠊ᏶ᡂࡉࢀࡓ୍ࡘࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡍࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞
⥭ᙇឤࡣ◊ಟ࡛ࡇࡑ⤒㦂࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ൅ࡢ୰࡛ࡣ༑ศ࡞‽ഛࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚ࡁࡓࡘࡶࡾ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ࠺ࡲࡃᡂຌࡉࡏ࡚ኟࡢᮏ᱁ⓗ࡞␃Ꮫ࡬ࡢ⮬ಙࢆᚓࡓ࠸࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡶࡋఱ࠿࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࠿࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ
ࡑࢀࡣ௒ࡲ࡛ࡢ‽ഛࡀ୙༑ศ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺Ⓨぢ࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ㊊ࡾ࡞࠸㒊ศࢆぢࡘࡵ┤ࡋࠊ␃Ꮫ࡬ࡢ⣊࡜ࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ





23

⤒῭Ꮫ㒊 2 ᖺዟᮧ ⿱Ꮚືᶵ ⚾ࡀ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮࣭ࣇࣛࣥࢫ▷ᮇᾏእ◊ಟ࡟ᛂເࡋࡓືᶵࡣࠊ୺࡟୕ࡘ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ୍ࡘ┠ࡣࠊ௒ࡲ࡛⮬ศ࡛ࣜࢧ࣮ࢳࡋࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠺࡜࠸࠺⤒㦂ࡀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࡢຊࢆ㌟࡟ࡘࡅࡓ࠿ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ⬟ຊࡣࠊ♫఍࡟ฟ࡚࠿ࡽ㠀ᖖ࡟኱஦࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ᝟ሗ཰㞟ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡ
ࢺࢆィ⏬ࡋࠊࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥෆᐜࢆศ࠿ࡾࡸࡍࡃఏ࠼ࡿࠊ࡜࠸࠺⬟ຊ࡛ࡍࠋึࡵ࡚‽ഛࡍࡿࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃⱥㄒ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ
ⱞປࡋࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ࡜࡚ࡶⰋ࠸⤒㦂࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ⌧ᆅ࡛ࡣࠊⱥㄒ࡛ࡢ㉁␲ᛂ⟅ࡀࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜ࡘࡢᒣሙ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥⓎ⾲ࡍࡿෆᐜࡔ
ࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࡑࢀ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿᵝࠎ࡞▱㆑ࢆ㢌࡟ධࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᑐ⟇ࢆࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ
࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⫈⾗࡟ࠕศ࠿ࡾࡸࡍ࠿ࡗࡓࠖࠊࠕ㠃ⓑ࠿ࡗࡓࠖ࡜ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡿࡼ࠺
࡟㡹ᙇࡾࡲࡍࠋ ஧ࡘ┠ࡣࠊᵝࠎ࡞᭷ྡ࡞᪋タࢆゼၥࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺㈗㔜࡞⤒㦂ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ௒ᅇࡣࠊOECD ࡸ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ㐃ྜࡢ᪋タ࡟ゼၥ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪺࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡀࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭࣮ࣝࣜࢲ࣮ࢬ࣭ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡟ᛂເࡋࡓ኱ࡁ࡞⌮⏤ࡣࠊࠕୡ⏺࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚24࠼ࡿே࡟࡞ࡾࡓ࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡋࡓࠋ࠸ࡲࡔ₍↛࡜ࡋࡓືᶵ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ
ᐇ㝿࡟ୡ⏺ࡢ୺せᶵ㛵࡛ാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ࠎࡢヰࢆ⪺ࡁࠊ▱ぢࢆᗈࡆࠊ⮬ศࡀᑗ᮶ఱࢆࡋࡓ࠸ࡢ࠿ぢᴟࡵࡿⰋ࠸ᶵ఍࡟ࡋࡓ࠸࡛ࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊOECD ࡛࠾ヰࡋࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡿࡢࡣዪᛶࡢ᪉࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪺࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ௒Ꮫᮇ࡟ࠕࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮࡜ேᶒࠖ࡜
࠸࠺ㅮ⩏ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠿ࡽࠊዪᛶࡢ♫఍㐍ฟ࡟㠀ᖖ࡟⯆࿡ࢆᣢࡘࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ
♫఍࡟ฟ࡚࠿ࡽዪᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⌮⏤࡛ఱ࠿㞴ࡋࡉࡣ࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࠿࡞࡝ࠊᵝࠎ࡞ࡇ࡜ࢆ⋡┤࡟㉁ၥࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ ᭱ᚋࡣࠊࡲࡔゼࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡢ࡞࠸࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢ㞺ᅖẼࡸᩥ໬࡟⣧⢋࡞⯆࿡ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࢱ࢖࡟ᩘᖺ㛫ఫࢇࡔࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜ᮾ༡࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ㞺ᅖẼࡣ⤒㦂ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࡑࢀ௨እࡢ㞺ᅖẼࡸᩥ໬࡟ゐࢀ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸࡜ᙉࡃឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ✚ᴟⓗ࡟⌧ᆅࡢே࡜ヰࡋ࡚ࠊᵝࠎ࡞ࡇ࡜ࢆ྾཰
ࡋࡓ࠸࡛ࡍࠋពẼ㎸ࡳ ๓ᮇ࣭ᚋᮇࡢࢮ࣑࡛ࡣࠊࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢඃ⚽࡞ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭࣮ࣝࣜࢲ࣮ࢬ࣭ࣉࣟࢢ
࣒ࣛࡢ௰㛫࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫࡧࠊࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ‽ഛࢆࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋⓙࠊⱥㄒຊࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㧗ࡃࠊே๓࡛ᇽࠎ࡜ヰࡍࡢࡀୖᡭ࡛ࠊࢫࣛ
࢖ࢻࡢᵓᡂࡶ㠃ⓑࡃࠊ⚾࡟୙㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᵝࠎ࡞⬟ຊࢆᣢࡕྜࢃࡏ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⚾ࡶࡼࡾ㡹ᙇࡽ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣࠊ࡜࠸ࡘࡶ่⃭ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡣ≉࡟ࠊࢫࣛ࢖ࢻࡢ
ᵓᡂ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚࠿࡞ࡾ㐜ࢀࢆྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࢫࣛ࢖ࢻࡢຠᯝⓗ࡞ぢࡏ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゎㄝࡋࡓᮏࢆㄞࡴ࡞࡝ࡋࠊ⮬ศ࡞ࡾ࡟ດຊࢆࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋᙜ
᪥ࠊ⥭ᙇࡋࡍࡂࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃࠊ㡹ᙇࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢࢆࡍ࡭࡚ฟࡋษࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ
ࡼ࠺ࠊ㡹ᙇࡾࡲࡍࠋ





25

⤒῭Ꮫ㒊 2 ᖺ⠛ཎ ⿱ᬗ

About Myself
 ୍ᶫ኱Ꮫ⤒῭Ꮫ㒊㸰ᖺࡢ⠛ཎ⿱ᬗ࡜⏦ࡋࡲࡍࠋGLP㸲ᮇ⏕࡛ࡍࠋ㊃࿡ࡣ༟⌫࡜ྜၐ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀ୰㧗ࡢ㒊άື࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ㊃࿡࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ㡢ᴦࡣୡ⏺ඹ㏻ࡢᩥ໬࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊࡶࡋᶵ఍ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ᪥ᮏࡢḷࢆ⌧ᆅࡢᏛ⏕㐩࡟ᢨ㟢࡛ࡁࢀࡤ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢧ࣮ࢡࣝࡣ⤒῭Ꮫ◊✲఍࡟ᡤᒓࡋࠊ୺࡟࣐ࢡࣟ⤒῭Ꮫ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ୗ⣭⏕࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ㅮ⩏ࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࡢάືࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ௒ኟணᐃࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿ㸯ᖺ㛫ࡢ␃Ꮫࡢ‽ഛࡢࡓࡵ⌧ᅾࡣ㌟ࢆᘬ࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋཧຍືᶵ ࢡࣛࢫㄒᏛ࡛ࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒࢆ㑅ᢥࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡟⯆࿡ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮࡟ࡣ EU ࡢᮏ㒊ࡀ⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ➨஧እᅜㄒࡢࣇࣛࣥ
ࢫㄒࢆᛮ࠸ฟࡋࡘࡘ EU ⾜ᨻࡢ㞺ᅖẼࢆᐇᆅ࡛యឤࡋࡓ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࠊ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮࣭ࣇ
ࣛࣥࢫ▷ᮇᾏእㄪᰝࡢᛂເࢆỴࡵࡲࡋࡓࠋ

26



⯆࿡࣭㛵ᚰ஦ ▷ᮇᾏእ◊ಟ࡛ࡣ≉࡟ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢࢤࣛࣥࢻᆅ᪉࡟⯆࿡ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࢤࣛࣥࢻ
࡟ࡣሷ⏣ᆅᖏࡀᗈࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋఏ⤫ⓗ࡞〇ἲ࡛⏕⏘ࡉࢀࡓኳ᪥ᾏሷࡣከࡃࡢ
୍ὶࣇࣛࣥࢫᩱ⌮࡟ࡶ౑ࢃࢀࡲࡍࠋẕࡀࢤࣛࣥࢻࡢሷࢆឡ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊࢤ
ࣛࣥࢻࡢሷࡣ➹⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚Ꮚ౪᫬௦࠿ࡽࡢ័ࢀぶࡋࢇࡔ࿡࡛࠶ࡾࠊᐇ㝿࡟⌧ᆅ࡛ሷ⏣ࢆほග࡛ࡁࡿᶵ఍࡟ᜨࡲࢀ࡚Ꮀࡋࡃឤࡌ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ௒᫓ࡣࢤࣛࣥࢻࡢ
ሷࢆ࠾ᅵ⏘࡟ᐇᐙ࡟ᖐࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ࢮ࣑ࢆ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡗ࡚ ๓ᮇࢮ࣑࡛ࡣࠊ඲య࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࢹࣞࢵࢡ࣭ࣄ࣮ࢱ࣮ࠗ⤫୍࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡬ࡢ㐨ʊʊࢩ࣐࣮ࣕࣝࣝࢽࣗ࠿ࡽ EC ⤫ྜ࡬࠘㸦⏣୰ಇ㑻ヂ㸧ࢆ㍯ㄞࡋࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ⤫ྜࡢṔྐࢆ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋಶே࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢᩍ⫱ไᗘࡢṔྐࡸኚ㑄ࢆศᯒࡋࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᩍ⫱ไᗘ࡜ࡢẚ㍑ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ࡟⧳ࡵࡲࡋࡓࠋᚋᮇࢮ࣑࡛ࡣࠊ
๓ᮇࢮ࣑࡛ࡢಶே◊✲ࢆࡉࡽ࡟῝໬ࡉࡏࠊ≉࡟࣮࣎ࣟࢽ࣭ࣕࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ࣮ࣚࣟ
ࢵࣃ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⪃ᐹࢆᇶ࡟ࡋࡓࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ
ࢆ▷ᮇᾏእㄪᰝ࡛⾜࠺ணᐃ࡛ࡍࠋ





27

⤒῭Ꮫ㒊 2 ᖺ኱ෆ 㞞ஓᏊ

⮬ᕫ⤂௓ 2017 ᖺࡢ෤࡟ࠊ኱Ꮫ㝔࡟㏻࠺ẕࡀᤵᴗࡢ୍⎔࡛ࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡ࡟ᐇᆅㄪᰝ࡟⾜ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ࡢ࡛ࠊᙼዪ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࢥ࣌ࣥࣁ࣮ࢤࣥࢆࡲࢃࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ㝿࡟ࠊࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡ
࡛ࡣ୍ᐃࡢ▱ྡᗘࢆ㄂ࡿ඲ᑅไࡢ୰Ꮫᰯࠊ࢚ࣇࢱࢫࢥ࣮ࣞࢆどᐹࡋࡓࠋᏛᰯࡢ
ព⩏ࢆࠕ඲ᑅไ࡜࠸࠺⎔ቃࡢ୰࡛௚ேࢆㄆࡵྜ࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ㏻ࡌࠊᡂ⇍ࡋࡓே᱁ࢆ
⫱ࡴࡇ࡜ࠖࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠕᏛ⏕ࡀ⮬ࡽࡢே⏕ࢆ࡝࠺ᙧᡂࡍࡿ࡭ࡁ࠿⪃࠼ࡿᶵ఍࡜᫬㛫ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࠖ࡟ぢฟࡍⅬ࡛ࠊᅜෆࡢ௚ࡢ୰Ꮫᰯ࡜␗࡞ࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏࡢᩍ⫱ไᗘࢆாཷࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ⚾࡟ࡣࠊ࢚ࣇࢱࢫࢥ࣮ࣞࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚▱ࡗࡓࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡࡢᩍ⫱ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡣ࡜࡚ࡶ᪂㩭࡟ᫎࡗࡓࠋ⚾࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᩍ⫱࡜ࡣࠊ

28



Ꮫ⏕⮬㌟ࡢᑗ᮶ࡢ⤒῭ⓗᏳᐃࢆಖ㞀ࡍࡿࡶࡢࠊࡲࡓࡣ⤒῭࡟㑏ඖࡍࡿ┠ⓗࢆࡶࡘࡶࡢࠊ࡜ࡢ༳㇟ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࡢࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡㄪᰝࢆ⤒࡚ࠊࢹ࣐࣮ࣥ
ࢡࢆྵࡵࡓḢᕞ඲యࡢᩍ⫱࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⪃࠼᪉ࠊࡑࢀ࡟┦ᑐࡋࡓ᪥ᮏࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢᩍ
⫱࡟ᑐࡍࡿጼໃ࡟⯆࿡ࢆᣢࡘࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ௒ᅇࡢᾏእ▷ᮇㄪᰝࡢΏ⯟ඛࡣ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮࡜ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊḢᕞ඲య࡟ඹ
㏻ࡍࡿᩍ⫱࡬ࡢጼໃࡀࡇࡇ࡛Ꮫ࡭ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ▷ᮇᾏእㄪᰝࡀ⚾ࡢᩍ⫱࡟㛵ࡍࡿὝᐹࢆ῝ࡵࡿᶵ఍࡟࡞ࢀࡤ࡜ᛮ࠸ࠊᛂເࡋࡓࠋ
┠ᶆ ୖ࡟᭩࠸ࡓᛂເࡢ⫼ᬒ࡜ࡶ㏻ࡌࡿࡀࠊಶேⓗ࡟⯆࿡ࡢ࠶ࡿᩍ⫱࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ௒ᅇࡢ▷ᮇᾏእㄪᰝࡢ┠ᶆ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ≉࡟ࠊ࣮ࣦ࢙࣭ࣝࣥ࢝ࢺ
ࣜࢵࢡ኱Ꮫ࡜ࣃࣜ➨ 7 ኱ᏛࡢᏛ⏕࡟ྥࡅ࡚⾜࠺ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠊࡉࡽ࡟ᙼࡽ࡜ࡢウㄽࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮࡜ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡟ఫࡴྠୡ௦ࡀࠊ⮬㌟ࡢཷࡅ࡚ࡁࡓ
Ḣᕞࡢᩍ⫱࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ពぢࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⏕ࡢኌࢆ⪺ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛
ࡁࡿ࡜Ꮀࡋ࠸ࠋ Ḣᕞࡢᩍ⫱࡟ࡘ࠸࡚▱ぢࢆ῝ࡵࡓࡢࡕࡣࠊ⮬ᅜ࡟❧ࡕ㏉ࡾࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᩍ⫱ไᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࢆ῝ࡵࡓ࠸ࠋ⌧⾜ࡢไᗘࡣ᫬௦ࡢせㄳ࡟ἢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊḟୡ௦࡟ồࡵࡽࢀࡿᩍ⫱ࡢព⩏࡜ࡣఱ࠿࡞࡝ࠊ⪃࠼┤ࡍⅬࡣከࡃ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ





29

⤒῭Ꮫ㒊 2 ᖺ⠛⏣ ⏤⌮GLP ࡜▷ᮇᾏእㄪᰝ
 GLP ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᅜෆ࡟࠸࡞ࡀࡽ඘ᐇࡋࡓⱥㄒᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ
⬟࡜࡞ࡾࠊࡼࡾⰋ࠸␃Ꮫࡢ‽ഛࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊྠࡌᚿࢆᣢࡗ
ࡓ௰㛫࡜㞟࠸ࠊษ☩⌶☻ࡋ࠶࠼ࡿ⎔ቃ࡟㌟ࢆ⨨ࡃᶵ఍ࢆసࢀࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࡜
࠸࠺ᛮ࠸࠿ࡽࠊ኱ᏛධᏛ௨๓ࡼࡾࡇࡢ GLP ࡜࠸࠺ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡟㛵ᚰࢆᢪ࠸࡚࠸
ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛಟ஢ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢせ௳ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢ▷ᮇᾏእㄪᰝ
ࡶࡑࡢ࡞࠿࡟ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋGLP ⏕࡟㑅ࡤࢀ࡚௨᮶ࠊ⮬ศࡀㄪᰝᅋ࡜ࡋ࡚ࣚ
࣮ࣟࢵࣃࡢᆅ࡟⾜ࡅࡓࡽ࡝ࢇ࡞࡟᱁ዲ࠸࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ᥥ࠸࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ
኱Ꮫࡢᤵᴗࡢ୍㈏࡜ࡋ࡚Ώ⯟ࡋࠊಶே࡛ࡣᐇ⌧ࡋ࡟ࡃ࠸௻ᴗゼၥࡸ OB࣭OG ࡢ᪉ࠎ࡜࠾఍࠸ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞ㄪᰝࡶ⣲ᩛ࡞ࡶࡢࡔ࡜⬚ࢆ㌍ࡽࡏ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࠕGLP ⏕࡟࡞ࡾࠊᾏእㄪᰝ࡟⾜ࡁࡓ࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶࠊ
ࠕᾏእㄪᰝ࡟⾜ࡃࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ GLP ⏕࡟࡞ࡽ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣࠖ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࡯࡝ࠊࡇࡢㄪᰝࢆᴦࡋࡳ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋ
ࡓࠋ

30



ᇶ♏ࢮ࣑ࢼ࣮ࣝ ⤒῭Ꮫ㒊ࡢࢮ࣑ࢼ࣮ࣝࡣ 3 ᖺḟ࠿ࡽጞࡲࡿࡓࡵࠊᇶ♏ࢮ࣑ࢼ࣮ࣝࡀጞࡲࡿࡲ
࡛ࡣࢮ࣑࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀ࡝࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࠿▱ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋᾏእㄪᰝ࡟క࠸ࠊ᫓
ኟᏛᮇ࡜⛅෤Ꮫᮇ࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀ␗࡞ࡿᇶ♏ࢮ࣑ࢼ࣮ࣝࢆཷㅮࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ㸯ࡘࡢ┠ⓗࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᑡேᩘ࡛ࡳࡗࡕࡾ࡜ヰࡋྜ࠸ࠊෆᐜࢆ῝ࡵ࡚ワࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜
࡟㠃ⓑࡉࢆឤࡌࡲࡋࡓࠋ≉࡟⛅෤Ꮫᮇ࡟ධࡗ࡚࠿ࡽࡢࢮ࣑࡛ࡣࠊᐇ㝿࡟ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࣭࣋ࣝࢠ࣮࡬Ώ⯟ࡋࡓ㝿࡟⌧ᆅࡢᏛ⏕࡜⾜࠺ウㄽ఍ࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊⓎ⾲ࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡢỴᐃ࠿ࡽࣃ࣮࣏࣡࢖ࣥࢺࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࣜࣁ࣮ࢧࣝࡲ࡛୎ᑀ
࡟‽ഛࢆࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ⮬⏤࡟Ⓨゝࡋࠊពぢࡢ஺᥮ࢆάⓎ࡟࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠊᑡ
ேᩘࡔ࠿ࡽࡇࡑᐇ⌧ࡋ࠺ࡿࢮ࣑ࢼ࣮ࣝࡢⰋࡉࢆయ㦂ฟ᮶ࡓࡼ࠺࡞Ẽࡀࡋࠊ඘ᐇ
ឤࢆ࿡ࢃ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ ⌧ᅾࠊ⚾ࡣࣈࣜࣗࢵࢭࣝ࡬࡜ྥ࠿࠺㣕⾜ᶵࡢ࡞࠿࡛ᶵෆ㣗ࢆ㣗࡭⤊࠼ࠊࡇࡢᩥ❶ࢆ᭩࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᣺ࡾ㏉ࢀࡤฟᅜ๓ࡣ୙Ᏻ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡔࡽࡅ࡛ࡋࡓࠋኴ⏣ඛ⏕࡟ࠕࣇࣛࣥࢫࡣ᪥ᮏ࡜ẚ࡭ࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡄࡽ࠸ᐮ࠸࠿ࡽ㞷ᒣ࡟⾜ࡃࡄࡽ࠸ࡢ
ぬᝅࢆࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡓࡾࠊ
ࠕ࣮ࣦ࢙࣭ࣝࣥ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡢ
ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ┦ᡭࢆࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡿࡢࡣ㝔⏕ࡢ᪉ࠎࡔ࠿ࡽࠊ㆟ㄽࡀ⏑࠸࡜ࡘࡅࡇࡲࢀࡕࡷ࠺ࡼࠖ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡓࡾࡋ࡚ࠊᛧࡌẼ࡙࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊࡋࡤࡽࡃⱥㄒࢆヰࡋ࡚࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡛ᙅẼ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࢮ࣑࡛ࡶⓙ࡛Ⓨ⾲ࡢ‽ഛࢆ୎ᑀ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡋࠊࡲࡓ⮬ศ࡛ࡶฟ᮶ࡿ㝈ࡾࡢ‽ഛࡣࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ௒ࡣࡶ࠺ࠊ࠶࡜ࡣࡸࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࡸࡿࡔࡅࠊゝㄒࡣࣁ࣮ࢺ࡛ࠊࡑࡋ࡚┠୍ᮼᴦࡋࡴࡔࡅࠊࡔ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ⣙ 10 ᪥㛫ࠊඛ⏕࡜ 10 ேࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࡛⣲ᩛ࡞ᾏእㄪᰝࢆ㐍ࡵࡽࢀࢀࡤᖾ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ





31

⤒῭Ꮫ㒊 4 ᖺ
୕ዲ ᗣ௓

⮬ᕫ⤂௓
 රᗜ┴すᐑᕷฟ㌟ࡢ୍ᶫ኱Ꮫ⤒῭Ꮫ㒊 4 ᖺ୕ዲᗣ௓࡛ࡍࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ඲⯡ࡀ኱ዲࡁ࡛ࠊ୰Ꮫࡲ࡛ࡣ㔝⌫ࠊ㧗ᰯ࡛ࡣࣛࢢࣅ࣮ࠊ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡶ 2 ᖺࡲ࡛࢔࣓ࣇࢺࢆࡸ
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࣛࢢࣅ࣮ࡸ࢔࣓ࣇࢺࡢᙳ㡪࡛ࠊ௒ࡶ➽ࢺࣞࡀ᪥ㄢ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊ
㐌࡟ 2 ᅇࡣᅜ❧ࡢࢪ࣒࡟㏻ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୍᫬ᮇࠊࡸࡾ㎸ࢇࡔ᫬ᮇ࡟ࡣ࣋ࣥࢳࣉ
ࣞࢫ 115 ࢟ࣟࠊయ⬡⫫⋡ 7㸣࡜࠸࠺࣎ࢹ࢕ࣅࣝࢲ࣮㢦㈇ࡅࡢ⫗య࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡯࡝ࡢ
࣐ࢽ࢔࡛ࡍࠋ㊃࿡ࡀ➽ࢺࣞ࡜࠸࠺࡜኱ኚ⌋ࡋࡀࡽࢀࡲࡍࡀࠊ➽ࢺࣞᚋࡢẼศࡢ㧗ᥭࡀࡸࡳࡘࡁ࡟࡞ࡾࠊṆࡵࡽࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ᫝㠀ⓙࡉࢇ࡟ࡶ୍ᗘࡇࡢ㧗ᥭឤࢆయ㦂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡇࡲ࡛➽ࢺࣞ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡤ࠿ࡾ᭩࠸࡚ࡁࡲ
ࡋࡓࡀࠊᐇࡣ௚࡟ࡶ㊃࿡ࡣከࡃࠊ㔝⌫ࠊࢧ࢖ࢡࣜࣥࢢࠊ᪑ࠊᫎ⏬࣭ࢻ࣐ࣛ㚷㈹ࠊ
Ἠࡀ኱ዲࡁ࡛ࡍࠋ≉࡟ࠊࢧ࢖ࢡࣜࣥࢢ࡜᪑࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᮾி࠿ࡽᮏᅵ᭱༡➃ࡢ㮵ඣᓥ┴బከᓁࡲ࡛⣙ 3000 ࢟ࣟࡢ㐨ࡢࡾࢆ୍ᗘ⮬㌿㌴࡛㉮◚ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿ

32



࡯࡝࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ⚾ࡣ࠶ࡿ≀஦࡟⇕୰ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ࡜ࡇ࡜ࢇࡑࢀࢆ✺ࡁワࡵ
࡚ࡳࡓࡃ࡞ࡿᛶ᱁࡛ࡍࠋᚿᮃືᶵ ᾏእ▷ᮇㄪᰝ࡬ࡢᛂເ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊㄒᏛࢆఙࡤࡍࡇ࡜ࡸ␗ᩥ໬࡛⮬ࡽࡢ౯್ほࢆᗈࡆࡿࡇ࡜࡞࡝ࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ⚾ࡢᚿᮃືᶵࡣ୍ே๓
ࡢ኱ே࡜ࡋ࡚♫఍࡟ฟࡿ๓࡟ࠊ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢ࣮ࣝࢶ࡜ࡶ࠸࠼ࡿࣇࣛࣥࢫࢆ෌ゼࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣ∗ぶࡢ௙஦ࡢ㒔ྜ࡛ࠊ4 ṓ㡭࠿ࡽᗂᑡᮇࡢ 3ᖺ㛫ࢆࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢࣃ࡛ࣜ㐣ࡈࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ⣽࠿࠸ᗂᑡᮇࡢグ᠈ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ
ࣃࣜࡢ⾤୪ࡳࡸ✵Ẽࡣ࠺ࡗࡍࡽ࡜㢌࡟ṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ኱Ꮫ 4 ᖺ⏕࡜࡞ࡾᡂ⇍ࡋࡓᖺ㱋࡜࡞ࡗࡓ௒ࠊࣃࣜࡢ✵Ẽࢆయឤࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ⮬ศࡢ୰࡛╀ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓグ᠈ࡸឤᛶࡀ෌ࡧ⸽ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ῐ࠸ᮇᚅࢆᢪ࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ◊ಟ୰ࡣࠊ࣮ࣦࣝ
࢙࣭ࣥ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ኱Ꮫࠊࣃࣜ➨ 7 ኱Ꮫ࡜ࡢウㄽ఍ࡸ OECD ゼၥࠊࣃࣜዴỈ఍࡜ࡢ᠓ぶ఍࡞࡝ከ✀ከᵝ࡞࢖࣋ࣥࢺࡀ⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୍ࡘ୍ࡘࡢ࢖࣋ࣥࢺ࡟
┿ᦸ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࠊ୍ே୍ே࡜ࡢฟ఍࠸ࢆ኱ษ࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊᾏእ▷ᮇㄪᰝ࡛ከࡃࢆᏛ
ࡧࡓ࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ⌧ᅾ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃᅪ࡛ࡣࢸࣟࡀከⓎࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟༴㝤࡞≧ែ࡟࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
Ᏻ඲࡟㐣ࡈࡍࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ୍ே୍ேࡀ⮬ぬࢆࡶࡗ࡚⾜ືࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ୙ྍḞ࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ◊ಟ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿ୰࡛၏୍ࡢ 4 ᖺ⏕࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ◊ಟ୰ࡣࡋࡗ
࠿ࡾ㈐௵ឤࢆࡶࡕࠊ࿘ࡾࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࡟Ᏻᚰឤࢆ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡾࡓ
࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⛶ᣋ࡞ᩥ❶࡛ᜍ⦰࡛ࡍࡀࠊ᭱ᚋࡲ࡛ㄞࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊㄔ࡟࠶ࡾ
ࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ





33

 ࢮ࣑ࡢᵝᏊ┦ᕝ ඖᏹ ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ๓ᮇ࡟ᯇᮏ♩Ꮚඛ⏕ࡢᇶ♏ࢮ࣑ࢼ࣮ࣝࠊᚋᮇ࡟ኴ⏣ᝆ௓ඛ⏕ࡢᇶ♏
ࢮ࣑ࢼ࣮ࣝࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀᒚಟࡋࡓࠋ
๓ᮇᇶ♏ࢮ࣑ࢼ࣮ࣝ ๓ᮇࡢᯇᮏࢮ࣑࡛ࡣࡲࡎࠊࢹࣞࢵࢡ࣭ࣄ࣮ࢱ࣮ࠗ⤫୍࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡬ࡢ㐨ʊʊࢩ࣐࣮ࣕࣝࣝࢽࣗ࠿ࡽ EC ⤫ྜ࡬࠘㸦⏣୰ಇ㑻ヂࠊ1994 ᖺࠊᒾἼ᭩ᗑ㸧࡜࠸࠺◊✲᭩ࢆ㍯ㄞࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ෤ᮇࡢ EU ▷ᮇㄪᰝ୰࡟⾜࠺ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢࢸ
࣮࣐࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࠗ⤫୍࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡬ࡢ㐨ʊʊࢩࣕࣝ
࣐࣮ࣝࢽࣗ࠿ࡽ EC ⤫ྜ࡬࠘ࡢ㍯ㄞ࡛ࡣ EU ࡢ㯪᫂ᮇ࠿ࡽ⌧௦࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢṔྐࢆᏛ⩦ࡋࡓࠋࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣ EU ࡟㛵㐃ࡋ࡚ྛࠎࡀ⯆࿡ࢆᢪ࠸ࡓ஦᯶ࢆ
㑅ࡧࠊࣜࢧ࣮ࢳࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊ30 ศࡢⓎ⾲࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ୍㐃ࡢసᴗࡢᡂᯝࡀ๓ᮇࡢᇶ♏ࢮ࣑ࢼ࣮ࣝࡢ㞟኱ᡂ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ࣭࣮࣌ࣃ࣮࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᮏሗ࿌᭩➨ 2 㒊ཧ↷㸧ࠋ ࢸࣟࣜࢬ࣒ࠊBrexitࠊ♫఍ேᩍ⫱ࠊEU ࡢᮾḢ࡬ࡢᣑ኱ࠊ㞴Ẹၥ㢟ࠊඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇࡞࡝ཧຍ⪅ࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡣከ✀ከᵝ࡛ࠊẖᅇࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣᵝࠎ࡞㆟ㄽࡀ㉳ࡇࡗࡓࠋࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ‽ഛࡍࡿẁ㝵࡛ࡣࠊ」㞧࡞ෆᐜࢆ࡝࠺
ࢃ࠿ࡾࡸࡍࡃⓎ⾲ࡍࡿ࠿ࠊ࡝࠺⪺ࡁᡭࢆᘬࡁ㎸ࡴ࠿࡜࠸ࡗࡓⅬࢆព㆑ࡋࠊⓎ⾲ᚋࡢ㉁␲ᛂ⟅࡛ࡣෆᐜ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㉁ၥࡀฟࡿࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊⓎ⾲඲⯡࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᨵၿ
Ⅼࢆᣦ᦬ࡋྜ࠺ሙ㠃ࡶぢࡽࢀࡓࠋᚋᮇᇶ♏ࢮ࣑ࢼ࣮ࣝ ᚋᮇࡢኴ⏣ࢮ࣑࡛ࡣᐇ㝿࡟Ḣᕞ◊ಟ࡛⾜࠺ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ‽ഛ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇࡔࠋ๓ᮇࡢࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ࣭࣮࣌ࣃ࣮࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡓෆᐜࢆ 10 ศࡢⱥㄒࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮
ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࡲࡎࡣ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛࡝ࡇࡢෆᐜࢆṧࡋࠊ࡝ࡇࢆࡑࡂⴠ࡜ࡍ࠿
ࢆྛ⮬᳨࡛ウࡋࡓࠋࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ࣭࣮࣌ࣃ࣮ࡣ◊✲ࢸ࣮࣐࡟ࡘ࠸࡚῝ࡃㄪ࡭ࠊሗ࿌
ࡋࡓᙧ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣ⮬ศࡢⓎ⾲࡟ព࿡ࢆᣢࡓࡏࡿࡓࡵ
࡟࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪᛶࢆࡼࡾ᫂☜࡟௜ࡅຍ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࡓࠋ ⚾ࡢࢸ࣮࣐࡛࠶ࡿඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇ࢆ౛࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋࡼ࠺ࠋ๓ᮇࡢࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ࣭

34



࣮࣌ࣃ࣮࡛ࡣඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇ࡀ࡞ࡐ⏕ࡲࢀࠊ⌧ᅾࡲ࡛࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟࡝ࢇ࡞ኚ㑄ࢆ⤒࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࡋ࡚⌧ᅾ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ጼ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࢆㄪ
࡭ࠊሗ࿌ࡋࡓࠋ୍᪉ࠊᚋᮇࢮ࣑࡛ࡣṔྐࡢ㒊ศࢆ኱ᖜ࡟๐ῶࡋࠊ⌧ᅾࡢඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇ࡢጼ࡜ࡑࡢၥ㢟Ⅼࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᨵၿ⟇ࢆ⮬ศ࡞ࡾ࡟ᥦ♧ࡋࠊࡑࡢ᭷ຠᛶࢆㄽ
ࡌࡿࡼ࠺࡟ෆᐜࢆ኱ᖜ࡟ኚ᭦ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࢆࡕࡻ࠺࡝ 10 ศ࡟཰ࡲࡿ㔞࡟ᅽ⦰ࡍࡿ
సᴗࡣ࡞࠿࡞࠿኱ኚ࡛ࠊඛ⏕࡜᥎ᩙࢆ㔜ࡡࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡢⓎ⾲ཎ✏ࡀ᏶ᡂࡋࡓࠋḟ࡟ࠊ᏶ᡂࡋࡓ᪥ᮏㄒཎ✏ࢆⱥㄒ࡟⩻ヂࡋࠊ࣐ࣝࢳ࢙ࣇඛ⏕࡟ῧ๐ࡋ࡚
࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࠋ᪥ᮏㄒ࡜ⱥㄒ࡛ࡣㄽ⌮ᵓ㐀ࡀ኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ᫬ࡢཎ
✏࡜ⱥㄒࡢ᫬ࡢཎ✏࡛ࡣヰࡍෆᐜࡢ㡰ᗎࡀ኱ࡁࡃධࢀ᭰ࢃࡗࡓࡾࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ
࣐ࣝࢳ࢙ࣇඛ⏕࠿ࡽࡢᣦ᦬ࡣᩥ࡜ᩥࢆࡘ࡞ࡄ⾲⌧ࢆ▱ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛㠀ᖖ࡟ཧ⪃࡟࡞ࡾࠊⱥㄒࡢཎ✏ࡶ↓஦࡟᏶ᡂ࡟⮳ࡗࡓ㸦➨ 3 㒊㸧ࠋ ࢮ࣑ࡢ⤊┙࡛ࡣࠊᐇ㝿࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡢࣜࣁ࣮ࢧࣝࢆᛕධࡾ࡟⾜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࣜࣁ࣮ࢧࣝ
࡟ࡣ GLP ࡢඛ㍮᪉࡟ຍ࠼࡚࣐ࣝࢳ࢙ࣇඛ⏕ࡶཧຍࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡾࠊ࠸ࡘࡶࡼࡾ⥭ᙇឤࡢ⁻࠺㞺ᅖẼ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࣜࣁ࣮ࢧ࡛ࣝࡣ᫬㛫㓄ศࢆ☜ㄆࡋࠊ༢ㄒࡢⓎ㡢࡜ࢥࣟࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ࣐ࣝࢳ࢙ࣇඛ⏕࠿ࡽᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊⓎ⾲ᚋ࡟㉁␲ᛂ⟅ࡢ᫬㛫ࢆタࡅࠊᐇ㝿࡟ GLP ࡢඛ㍮ࡸ࣐ࣝࢳ࢙ࣇඛ⏕ࠊࢮ࣑ࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࠿
ࡽ㉁␲ࢆཷࡅࠊⱥㄒ࡛⟅࠼ࡿ⦎⩦ࢆࡋࡓࠋ㉁␲ᛂ⟅ࡣᬑẁࡢࢮ࣑࡛ࡶఱᅇ࠿ᐇ
᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ㉁ၥࡍࡿேࡀኚࢃࢀࡤࡑࢀࡲ࡛ᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸
࡚ࡶ㉁ၥࡀ㣕ࡧࠊᬑẁࡣẼ࡙࠿࡞࠿ࡗࡓⓎ⾲ࡢࢃ࠿ࡾ࡟ࡃ࠸㒊ศࡀࡼࡾᾋࡁ᙮
ࡾ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㐣⛬ࢆ⤒࡚ࠊᮏ␒⏝ࡢⱥㄒ࡛ࡢⓎ⾲ཎ✏࡜ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ
࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ㈨ᩱࢆ୎ᑀ࡟ಟṇࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡶ┦ᡭࡢⓎ⾲ࢆ⪺ࡁࠊᛮࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ᣦ᦬ࡋྜ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿ㠀ᖖ࡟㞺ᅖẼࡢ࠸࠸ࢮ࣑ࡔࡗࡓࠋ

኱Ꮫ㝔⏕ࡢⓎゝ࡟⪥ࢆഴࡅࡿࢮ࣑⏕㸦࣮ࣦ࢙࣭ࣝࣥ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ኱Ꮫ㸧





35

 ᪑⛬
1 ᪥┠ᮾி䠄ᡂ⏣䠅 ĺ䝤䝸䝳䝑䝉䝹䠄䝧䝹䜼䞊䠅ĺ䝹䞊䞂䜵䞁1 ᭶ 20 ᪥䝹䞊䞂䜵䞁䞉䜹䝖䝸䝑䜽኱Ꮫ୺ദ䛾Ḽ㏄఍

2 ᪥┠

ウㄽ఍‽ഛ

㻌 1 ᭶ 21 ᪥䝹䞊䞂䜵䞁ᕷෆ䜢どᐹ

3 ᪥┠䝹䞊䞂䜵䞁䞉䜹䝖䝸䝑䜽኱Ꮫ䛷䛾ウㄽ఍䞉஺ὶ఍1 ᭶ 22 ᪥ĺ䝤䝸䝳䝑䝉䝹

4 ᪥┠

EU ㆟఍ゼၥ1 ᭶ 23 ᪥䝤䝸䝳䝑䝉䝹ᕷෆ䜢どᐹ

5 ᪥┠䝤䝸䝳䝑䝉䝹ĺ䝟䝸䠄䝣䝷䞁䝇䠅ĺOECD䞉᪥ᮏᩥ໬఍㤋䞉࿡䛾⣲ゼၥ

1 ᭶ 24 ᪥ĺ䝟䝸ዴỈ఍䛸䛾᠓ぶ఍

6 ᪥┠䝟䝸ᕷෆ䜢どᐹ1 ᭶ 25 ᪥
7 ᪥┠

ウㄽ఍‽ഛ

1 ᭶ 26 ᪥䝟䝸➨ 7 ኱Ꮫ䛷䛾ウㄽ఍䞉஺ὶ఍8 ᪥┠䝟䝸ĺ䝀䝷䞁䝗

1 ᭶ 27 ᪥䝀䝷䞁䝗ሷ⏣䜢どᐹ䚸䝞䠙䝅䝳䝹䠙䝯䞊䝹ᓁ䜢ᩓ⟇9 ᪥┠䝀䝷䞁䝗ᕷෆ䜢どᐹ

1 ᭶ 28 ᪥䝀䝷䞁䝗ĺ䝟䝸

10 ᪥┠䝟䝸ᕷෆ䜢どᐹ1 ᭶ 29 ᪥

䝟䝸ĺ

11 ᪥┠

ĺᮾி (⩚⏣)

1 ᭶ 30 ᪥36ฟⓎ๓ࡢᡂ⏣ᅜ㝿✵





࡟࡚

37

➨ 2 㒊 ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩ⱥᅜࡢ EU 㞳⬺ᚋࡢ㐨ííííࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࣔࢹࣝࡢ⪃ᐹ㧘ᶫ ᓁᕼ ⱥᅜ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊEU 㞳⬺(Brexit)ࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࡓሙྜࡑࡢᚋ EU ࡜࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵ಀࢆ⤖ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃ࠿ࡣ௒ᚋࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣⱥᅜࡀḢᕞ⤒῭㡿ᇦ
㸦EEA㸧࡟ཧຍࡍࡿࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࣔࢹࣝࢆ㑅ࢇࡔሙྜࡢ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ࡜ࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡢ
୧᪉ࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ௨ୗࡢࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㸯㸬EU ༢୍ᕷሙ࡬ࡢ࢔
ࢡࢭࢫࢆࡼࡾᑡ࡞࠸㈈ᨻⓗࠊ᫬㛫ⓗࢥࢫࢺ࡛⥔ᣢ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ㸰㸬㠀㛵⛯㞀ቨ࡞࡝᪂ࡓ࡞ࢥࢫࢺࡢⓎ⏕ࠊ❧ἲ㠃࡛ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡢ႙ኻࠊ⛣Ẹὶධࠊ࡜࠸ࡗࡓⱥᅜ
Ẹࡢྠពࢆᚓ࡟ࡃ࠸ࣜࢫࢡࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

1. ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ ⱥᅜࡣ 2016 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 23 ᪥࡟⾜ࢃࢀࡓᅜẸᢞ⚊࡛Ḣᕞ㐃ྜ(EU)㞳⬺ࢆ㑅ࡧࠊࡑࡢ୍ᖺᚋ࠿ࡽᮏ᱁ⓗ࡞㞳⬺஺΅ࢆጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᅜẸᢞ⚊ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊࠕ㞳⬺ᨭᣢࡀ඲యࡢ 51.9%ࠊṧ␃ᨭᣢࡀ඲యࡢ 48.1%ࠊ࡜ 3.8%ࡢഹᕪ࡛Ỵࡲࡗࡓࠖ㸦ఀ⸨ 2016㸧ࡘࡲࡾ㞳⬺ᚋࡶ EU ࡜ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᮃࡴᅜ
ẸࡢᩘࡣỴࡋ࡚ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ㞳⬺ὴ࡛ࡶ EU ᕷሙࡢ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢆ
ㄆࡵࡿᅜẸࡣከ࠸ࠋᐇ㝿ࠊEU ࡣⱥᅜࡢ㍺ฟࡢ 44%ࠊ㍺ධࡢ 53%ࠊᑐෆ┤᥋ᢞ㈨ࡢ 48%ࠊᑐእ┤᥋ᢞ㈨ࡢ 40%࡜኱ࡁ࡞๭ྜࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ARC 2016㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽᮏࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ࣮࣌ࣃ࣮࡛ࡣࠊⱥᅜ㈈ົ┬ࡀⓎ⾲ࡋࡓ EU 㞳⬺ᚋࡢࢩࢼࣜ
࢜ࡢ࡞࠿࡛ࡶ EU ࡜ࡢ⥭ᐦ࡞㛵ಀࢆ᭱ࡶ⥔ᣢ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࣔࢹ
ࣝ࡟↔Ⅼࢆ࠶࡚ࠊࡑࢀࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓሙྜࡢ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࠊࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ1-1 ࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࣔࢹࣝࡢㄝ᫂ ࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࡣ EU 㠀ຍ┕ᅜ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡣࢫ࢖ࢫࠊ࢔࢖ࢫࣛࣥࢻࠊࣜࣄࢸࣥࢩࣗ
ࢱ࢖ࣥ࡜ඹ࡟Ḣᕞ⮬⏤㈠᫆㐃ྜ㸦EFTA㸧࡟ᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ1992 ᖺ࡟
EFTA ຍ┕ᅜࡀ EU ࡟ຍ┕ࡏࡎ࡜ࡶ EU ࡢ༢୍ᕷሙ࡟ཧຍ࡛ࡁࡿḢᕞ⤒῭㡿ᇦ
㸦EEA㸧ࡀⓎ㊊ࡋࠊࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࡣࡇࢀ࡟ཧຍࡋࡓ(ᅗ 1-1)ࠋ


38





Ḣᕞ⤒῭㡿ᇦ (($Ḣᕞ⤒῭⮬⏤㈠᫆㐃ྜ(ᅗ 1-1) ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢྠᚰ෇ⓗ⛛ᗎീ㸦㐲⸨ 2016㸧 ࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࡣ㎰ᴗ࣭⁺ᴗ࡞࡝୍㒊ศ㔝ࢆ㝖ࡁ EU ᕷሙ࡟㛵⛯࡞ࡋ࡛࢔ࢡࢭࢫ
࡛ࡁࠊEU ຍ┕ᅜ࡜ྠᵝࡢ≀ရ࣭ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࣭ே࣭㈨ᮏࡢ⛣ືࡢ⮬⏤ࡀಖ㞀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊEU ἲࡢཎ๎ࡶ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿୖ EU ண⟬࡬ࡢ୍㒊ᣐฟࡶ⾜࠺ࡓࡵࠊ୍ᐃࡢ⩏ົࡶⓎ⏕ࡍࡿࠋ(⾲ 1-1) ࡛ࡣⱥᅜࡢ EU 㞳⬺ᚋ࡟㑅ᢥྍ⬟࡞ࣔࢹࣝࡢ
ᶒ฼࡜⩏ົࡀࡲ࡜ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ࣮࣌ࣃ࣮࡛ࡣࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࣔࢹࣝ
(EFTA EEA model)ࡢࡳศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࡀࠊ஧ᙜ஦⪅㛫༠ᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࢫ࢖ࢫࣔࢹࣝࠊ࢝
ࢼࢲࣔࢹࣝ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ௚ࣔࢹࣝࡶ௨ୗ࡟♧ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࠋ
(⾲ 1-1)ⱥᅜࡢ EU 㞳⬺ᚋࡢ㑅ᢥྍ⬟࡞ྛࣔࢹࣝ࡟క࠺ᶒ฼࡜⩏ົ (ࡳࡎ࡯◊✲ᡤ 2016)







39

2. ࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ᆺࡢ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ
2-1 ⤒῭ຠᯝ EU ࡛ࡣᇶᮏ⌮ᛕ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕே࣭ࣔࣀ࣭㈨ᮏ࣭ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ⛣ືࡢ⮬⏤ࠖࢆᥖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࡀᒓࡍࡿ EEA ᇦෆ࡛ࡣ EU ࡟ᒓࡉࡎ࡜ࡶࡇࡢ 4 ࡘࡢ⮬⏤ཎ๎࡟๎ࡾࠊEU ࡢ༢୍ᕷሙ࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ EU ຍ┕ᅜ࡜ࡢ㛫࡛ࡣ㛵⛯ࡀ᧔ᗫࡉࢀࠊ⮬⏤㈠᫆ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ኱ࡁ࡞⤒῭࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍᯟ⤌ࡳ࡟ᒓࡍࡿ࡟ࡣࠊᵝࠎ࡞ࢥࢫࢺࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ
ࡦ࡜ࡘࡀ EU ண⟬࡬ࡢ㈈ᨻᣐฟ࡛࠶ࡿࠋⱥୗ㝔(2016)࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊᅜẸ୍ேᙜࡓࡾࡢᣐฟ㔠㢠ࡣࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࡀ 106 ࣏ࣥࢻࠊⱥᅜࡀ 128 ࣏ࣥࢻ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑ
ࡢࡓࡵࠊEEA ཧຍᚋࡢⱥᅜࡢᣐฟ㔠㈇ᢸࡣ୍ᐃᗘῶ㢠ࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ලయⓗ࡟ࡣࠊKPMG (2016) ࡢㄪᰝ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ 9㸣ࡢ๐ῶຠᯝࡀぢ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊⱥᅜ㈈ົ┬ࡣ࣐ࢡࣟ⤒῭ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽྛࣔࢹࣝࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࡓሙྜࡢ 15 ᖺᚋࡢⱥᅜ⤒῭࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡢヨ⟬್ࢆබ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊEEA ࡟ຍ┕ࡋࡓሙྜࠊᅜෆ⥲⏕⏘㸦GDP㸧ࡢῶᑡ⋡ࡣ 3.85㸣ࠊ1 ேᙜࡓࡾ GDP ࡢᖺ㛫ᦆኻ㢠ࡣ 1,100 ࣏ࣥࢻ㸦⣙ 14 ୓෇㸧ࠊᐙィᙜࡓࡾ GDP ࡢᖺ㛫ᦆኻ㢠ࡣ 2,600 ࣏ࣥࢻ㸦⣙ 33 ୓෇㸧ࠊ⛯཰⣧ῶࡣ 200 ൨࣏ࣥࢻ㸦⣙ 2 ඙ 5,500 ൨෇㸧࡜࠸࠺ヨ⟬⤖ᯝࡀฟࡓࠋ୍᪉ࠊWTO ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ຍ┕ࡋࡓሙྜࡣ EEA ຍ┕ࡢᙳ㡪㢠ࡢ࡯ࡰ 2 ಸ࡜࡞ࡾࠊ஧ᅜ㛫༠ᐃ㸦ࢫ࢖ࢫ࣭࢝ࢼࢲ࣭ࢺࣝࢥࣔࢹࣝ㸧࡟ຍ┕ࡋࡓሙྜࡣࠊୖ
㏙ࡢ EEA ࡲࡓࡣ WTO ຍ┕ࡢ㝿ࡢヨ⟬್ࡢ࡯ࡰ୰㛫ࡢ್࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓ
ࡀࡗ࡚ⱥᅜࡣ EU 㞳⬺ᚋ GDP ࡬ࡢ࣐࢖ࢼࢫࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ㑊ࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊࣀ
࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࣔࢹࣝࢆ㑅ࡧ EEA ࡟ຍ┕ࡋࡓሙྜᙳ㡪ࢆ᭱ᑠ࡟ᢚ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡼ
࠺(ᅗ 2-1)ࠋ

㻔ᅗ㻞㻙㻝㻕㻌㻱㼁㞳⬺ᚋ᝿ᐃ䛥䜜䜛ྛ䝰䝕䝹䛾㻝㻡ᖺᚋ䛾ⱥ㻳㻰㻼䜈䛾ᙳ㡪ᗘ
㻤㻚㻜㻜㻑
㻣㻚㻜㻜㻑

㻣㻚㻠㻡㻑

㻢㻚㻜㻜㻑

㻢㻚㻞㻜㻑

㻡㻚㻜㻜㻑
㻠㻚㻜㻜㻑
㻟㻚㻜㻜㻑

㻟㻚㻤㻡㻑

㻞㻚㻜㻜㻑
㻝㻚㻜㻜㻑
㻜㻚㻜㻜㻑
䝜䝹䜴䜵䞊䝰䝕䝹

஧ᅜ㛫༠ᐃ䝰䝕䝹

㼃㼀㻻䝰䝕䝹

ฟ඾㸸KPMG (2016) ㈨ᩱࡼࡾⴭ⪅సᡂ

40



2-2 ἲ࣭つไ࡜᫬㛫ⓗࢥࢫࢺ EU ࡢ㞳⬺ᡭ⥆ࡁࡣࠊEU ᮲⣙➨ 50 ᮲࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚㐍ࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜஺΅㛤ጞᚋ㸰ᖺ࡛㞳⬺ᕼᮃᅜ࡬ࡢ EU ἲ㐺⏝ࡀ೵Ṇࡍࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊⱥᅜࡢ
ሙྜ 2019 ᖺࡲ࡛࡟⤒῭ࡸྖἲࠊᩍ⫱࡞࡝ᵝࠎ࡞ศ㔝࡛᪂༠ᐃࢆ⤖ࡪᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ(⾲ 1-1) ࡟࠶ࡿ୕ࡘࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢ༠ᐃ࡟ຍ┕ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛῭ࡴࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࣔࢹࣝࡀ୍␒᪩ࡃᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡲࡎࠊࢫ࢖ࢫࣔࢹࣝࡣ EEA ࡟ཧຍࡋ࡞࠸ᆺ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊศ㔝ࡈ࡜࡟㹃㹓ྛᅜ࡜༠ᐃࢆ⤖ࢇ࡛ᑐᛂࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࢫ࢖ࢫࡣ EU ༢୍ᕷሙ࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫ࡜
࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡣࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘࡜࡯ࡰྠࡌෆᐜࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫ࡜⩏ົࡀㄢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ
ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ 120 ௨ୖࡢಶู༠ᐃࢆ⤖ࢇ࡛ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᐇ⌧࡟ 20 ᖺ௨ୖࡢṓ᭶ࡀ࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡶࡇࢀࡣ㔠⼥ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆྵࡲ࡞࠸஺΅ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡞ࡢ࡛㸦ࢫ࢖ࢫࡣ௚ᅜ࠿ࡽࡢ㔠⼥ᴗ⏺࡬ࡢ௓ධࢆ㑊ࡅࡿ᪉㔪ࡔࡗࡓ㸧㔠⼥኱ᅜࡢⱥᅜࡢሙྜࡣ஺΅ࡀࡉࡽ࡟㛗ᮇ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ḟ࡟ࠊ2017 ᖺ 1 ᭶ࠊ࣓࢖㤳┦ࡀࢫࣆ࣮ࢳࡢ୰࡛᭷ᮃどࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ࢝ࢼࢲࣔࢹࣝࡶྠᵝ࡟᫬㛫ⓗࢥࢫࢺࡀ኱ࡁࡍࡂࡿࠋ⛣Ẹປാ⪅ࡢཷࡅධࢀ⩏ົ࡜ EU ࡬ࡢᣐฟ㔠㈇ᢸࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣⱥᅜ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚☜࠿࡟㨩ຊⓗࡔࡀࠊ࢝ࢼࢲࡣ
ྜព࡟ 10 ᖺ௨ୖࢆせࡋࡓࠋ㐲⸨㸦2016㸧࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊྠᵝࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆⱥᅜࡀ 2ᖺ௨ෆ࡟ᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟㞴ࡋ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋྖἲࡸᩍ⫱࡞࡝⤒῭௨እࡢ㠃࡛ࡶ EU ࡜㐃ᦠࡀᙉ࠿ࡗࡓⱥᅜࡣ஺΅ࡀࡉࡽ࡟」㞧໬ࡍࡿ࡜ࡳࡽࢀࡿ
࠿ࡽࡔࠋ
3. ࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ᆺࡢࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ
3-1 㠀㛵⛯㞀ቨ࡟࠿࠿ࡿࢥࢫࢺ
 ඛ࡟㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣ EU ຍ┕ᅜ࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢ㈈㈠᫆࡟࠾࠸
࡚㛵⛯㞀ቨࡣ᧔ᗫࡉࢀࡿࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀࠊEEA ༠ᐃ࡟ࡣ EU 㛵⛯ྠ┕ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚
࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ㠀㛵⛯㞀ቨࡣ᧔ᗫࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ㠀㛵⛯㞀ቨࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ㏻㛵ᡭ⥆ࡁ࡛ཎ⏘ᆅド᫂࡞࡝኱㔞ࡢ᭩㢮ᥦฟࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࠊ஦ົࢥࢫࢺ
ࡀ࠿ࡉࡴ࡜࠸࠺ࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࠋDarvell (2016) ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ㠀㛵⛯㞀ቨࡢᙳ㡪ࡣⱥᅜ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࡢ
ሙྜࠊEU ྥࡅ㈈㍺ฟࡢ 61.2㸣ࡀཎ⏘ᆅド᫂ࡢẚ㍑ⓗᐜ᫆࡞୍ḟ⏘ရ࡛࠶ࡿ(ᅗ3-1)ࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣࠊኳ↛࢞ࢫࡸཎἜࡀࡇࢀ࡟࠶ࡓࡿࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀࠊⱥᅜࡣ⮬ື㌴⏘ᴗ࡞࡝ࡀ┒ࢇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᶵᲔ࣭㍺㏦ᶵჾࡢ㍺ฟࡀ 34.3㸣ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ
໬Ꮫᕤᴗရࡢ๭ྜࡶ 19.2%࡜㧗࠸(ᅗ 3-2)ࠋ
ࠕࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ஧ḟ⏘ရࡣࠊ㒊ရࡢࢧࣉࣛ࢖ࢳ࢙࣮ࣥࡀᅜ㝿ⓗ࡟ᣑᩓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡀከࡃࠊཎ⏘ᆅド᫂ࡀ」㞧໬ࡋࠊ஦ົࢥࢫࢺࡀᔞࡴ (Darvell 2016)ࠖ࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋ㛵⛯㞀ቨࡀᏑᅾࡏࡎ࡜ࡶ㠀㛵⛯㞀ቨ࡟ࢥࢫࢺࡀ࠿࠿ࢀࡤၟရࡢ㈍኎౯᱁ࡀୖ᪼ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡓࡵࠊⱥᅜ࡟





41

࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢᡴᧁࡣ኱ࡁ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋᅗ  ࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࡢᑐ (8 ㈈㍺ฟᅗ  ⱥᅜࡢᑐ (8 ㈈㍺ฟ3-2. ἲ࣭つไ࡜ᅜẸⓗឤ᝟ EEA ࡛ࡣ୍㒊 EU ἲࡸつไࡢ㡰Ᏺࠊᣐฟ㔠㈇ᢸࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ
ඛ࡟ᣲࡆࡓࡼ࠺࡞ EEA ཧຍࡢ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡶ࡞࠿࡞࠿ᅜẸࡢ⌮ゎࡀᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸㠃ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋ ࡲࡎࠊEEA ᇦෆ࡛ࡣࢧ࣮ࣅࢫศ㔝ࡢ⮬⏤໬ཬࡧつไ࣮ࣝࣝࢆㄪ࿴ࡉࡏࠊ
ࠕேࡢ⛣ືࡢ⮬⏤ࠖࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡣࢥࢫࢺࡀ࠿࠿ࡿୖࠊEU ຍ┕ᅜ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹࡢὶධࢆไ㝈ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣཎ๎࡜ࡋ࡚୙ྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿࠋⱥᅜࡢሙྜࠊ
ࡑࡶࡑࡶ EU 㞳⬺ࢆࡵࡄࡿᅜẸᢞ⚊࡟࠾࠸࡚⛣Ẹၥ㢟ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞ពᛮỴᐃᮦᩱࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢ㔜せᛶࡣ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋࡳࡎ࡯◊✲ᡤ(2016)ࡢㄪᰝ࡟ࡼࢀ
ࡤࠊࠕᅜẸᢞ⚊ࡢ⤖ᯝ㞳⬺ࡀ㑅ᢥࡉࢀࡓሙྜࠊ༢୍ᕷሙ࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫ࡜ᘬࡁ᥮
࠼࡟ EU ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹࢆཷࡅධࢀࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ၥ࠸࡟ࡣࠊ
ࠕཷࡅධࢀࡿࠖࡀ 42%ࠊࠕ࢔ࢡࢭࢫࡀ㝈ᐃⓗ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶ EU ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹࢆ㜼Ṇࡍ࡭ࡁࠖࡀ 39%࡜ࠊᣕᢠ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࠋேࡢ⛣ືࡢ⮬⏤ࡢಖ㞀ࡀ⤒῭ⓗ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ
ⱥᅜẸࡢឤ᝟ⓗ࡟ࡣࡲࡔ⛣Ẹཷࡅධࢀ࡬ࡢ᰿ᙉ࠸཯Ⓨࡀṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡳ
࡚࡜ࢀࡿࠋࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࣔࢹࣝࡣ⛣Ẹၥ㢟ࡢ᰿ᮏⓗゎỴ࡟ࡣࡘ࡞ࡀࡽࡎࠊ⛣Ẹὶධ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ୙‶ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ḟ࡟ࠊEU ༢୍ᕷሙ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᨻ⟇ࡸ㛵㐃ἲ᱌࡟㛵ࡍࡿពᛮỴᐃ࡟඲ࡃ㛵୚࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶ኱ࡁ࡞௦ൾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋEEA ຍ┕ᅜࡣ EU ࡢ 4 ࡘࡢ⮬⏤ཎ๎ࡢ‽ᣐࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ࠺࠼ࠊᩍ⫱ࠊ♫఍ಖ㞀ࠊ⎔ቃࠊ࡞࡝ᗈ⠊ᅖ࡟ཬࡪἲ࣭つไ࡟ࡶᣊ᮰ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊEU ࡢពᛮỴᐃᶵ㛵࡟࠾ࡅࡿ௦⾲ᶒࡣ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸࡞
࠸ࠋࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ EU 㠀ຍ┕ᅜࡢሙྜࠊຍ┕ᅜ࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿ㛶൉⌮஦఍㸦ୖ㝔㸧࡟ཧຍ࡛ࡁࡎࠊḢᕞᕷẸࡢ┤᥋㑅ᣲ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㑅ࡤࢀࡿḢᕞ㆟఍㸦ୗ㝔㸧࡟㆟ဨࢆ㏦ࡾ㎸ࡴࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋᑓ㛛ᐙ఍ྜ࡬ࡢཧຍࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࡶ
ࡢࡢࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡞㆟Ỵᶒ฼ࡀ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊỴࡵࡽࢀࡓἲ௧ࡸ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥࡀ㏻▱


42



ࡉࢀࡿࡔࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᒸἑ(2004)ࡣࠊ
ࠕࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ᨻᗓ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊEU ἲࡢ 4 ศࡢ
3 ࡀࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ᅜෆἲ࡟཯ᫎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ༢୍ᕷሙ࡟␃ࡲࡿࡓ
ࡵ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ࠊⱥᅜࡀពᛮỴᐃ࡟㛵୚ࡏࡎࠊࡇࢀࡔࡅ኱ࡁ࡞つไࢆ࠺ࡅࡘࡘࠊ
⤖ᯝࡔࡅࢆཷࡅධࢀࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠼ࡤᴟࡵ࡚㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋ≉࡟୺ᶒᅇ᚟ࢆッ࠼࡚ࡁࡓⱥᅜෆࡢ㞳⬺ὴࡢ⌮ゎࡣᚓ࡟ࡃ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
4. ࠾ࢃࡾ࡟ ࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࣔࢹࣝࡣࠊEU ༢୍ᕷሙ࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫࢆࡼࡾᑡ࡞࠸㈈ᨻⓗࠊ᫬㛫ⓗࢥࢫࢺ࡛⥔ᣢ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸࠺኱ࡁ࡞࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
୍᪉࡛ࠊ㠀㛵⛯㞀ቨ࡞࡝᪂ࡓ࡞ࢥࢫࢺࡢⓎ⏕ࠊ❧ἲ㠃࡛ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡢ႙ኻࠊ⛣Ẹὶධࠊ࡜࠸ࡗࡓⱥᅜ࡟ᙜ࡚ࡣࡵࡓሙྜᅜẸࡢྠពࢆᚓ࡟ࡃ࠸ᵝࠎ࡞ࣜࢫࢡ
ࡶෆໟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡶẼࡀࡘ࠸ࡓࠋⱥᅜᨻᗓࡣ EU 㞳⬺ᚋࠊEU ᕷሙ࡬ࡢ࢔
ࢡࢭࢫࡢᶒ฼࡜⩏ົࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫ࡟࡝࠺ᢡࡾྜ࠸ࢆࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿ࡀ㔜せ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡀࠊ࠸࠸࡜ࡇࢁ࡝ࡾࡣチࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋᐇ㝿ࠊ2014 ᖺࡢᅜẸᢞ⚊࡟ࡼࡾࠊEU ᕷẸࢆྵࡵ࡚⛣Ẹࡢᩘࢆไ㝈ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᨭᣢࡋࡓࢫ࢖ࢫ࡟ᑐࡋࠊEUഃࡣ㧗➼ᩍ⫱➼ࡢ஺᥮␃Ꮫࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦ERASMUS㸩㸧ࡸ EU ◊✲㛤Ⓨࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦HORIZON2020㸧ࡢᡴࡕษࡾ࡞࡝ࡢ࣌ࢼࣝࢸ࢕ࢆຍ࠼ࡿពྥࢆⓎ⾲ࡋࡓࠋ⛣Ẹၥ㢟࡞࡝ࡢ㠃࠿ࡽᅜẸⓗྠពࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡢࡣ஦ᐇࡔࡀࠊ2 ᖺᚋ࡜࠸࠺ᮇ㝈ࡀ㏕ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ௒ࠊಶูࡢ༠ᐃ࡛࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢆாཷࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡼࡾࡶ
EEA ࡜࠸࠺᪤Ꮡࡢ༠ᐃ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࣔࢹࣝࢆཧ⪃࡟ࡍࡿࡢࡶ୍ࡘࡢ
ᡭࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩࣭URL ୍ぴ㐲⸨஝㸦2016 ᖺ㸧ࠕḢᕞ」ྜ༴ᶵ ⱞ᝖ࡍࡿ EUࠊᦂࢀࡿୡ⏺ࠖ୰බ᪂᭩
ᒸἑ᠇Ⱗ࣭ዟᓥᏕᗣ⦅ 㸦2004 ᖺ㸧ࠕࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࡢᨻ἞ ⊂⮬㊰⥺ࡢ㑅ᢥࠖ᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫฟ∧㒊
ARC ᅜูㄪᰝ◊✲఍㸦2016 ᖺ㸧ࠕARC ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ ࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ 2016/17ࠖ
ARC ᅜูㄪᰝ◊✲఍㸦2016 ᖺ㸧ࠕARC ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ ⱥᅜ 2016/17ࠖ
ఀ⸨ࡉࡺࡾ㸦2016 ᖺ㸧ࠕEU ศ⿣࡜ୡ⏺⤒῭༴ᶵ ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ㞳⬺ࡣఱࢆࡶࡓࡽ
ࡍ࠿ࠖ NHK ฟ∧᪂᭩୰ᮧẸ㞝㸦2016 ᖺ㸧ࠕEU ࡜ࡣఱ࠿ ᅜᐙ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᮍ᮶ࡢᙧࠖಙᒣ♫Akiko Darvell BTMU Economic Brief London (2016) ࠕⱥᅜࡢ EU 㞳⬺ࢩࢼࣜ࢜ゎㄝࠖ<http://www.bk.mufg.jp/report/ecostn2016/ldnreport_20160601_J.pdf>
㸦᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥ࠊ2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥㸧





43

ࡳࡎ࡯◊✲ᡤ 2016ࠕⱥᅜࡢ EU 㞳⬺࡟ࡼࡾఱࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ࠿㸽᪥ᮏ௻ᴗࡶ Brexit࡟ഛ࠼ࢆࠖ<https://www.mizuho-ri.co.jp/publication/research/pdf/insight/eu160419.pdf>
㸦᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥ࠊ2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥㸧
KPMG 2016 ࠕBrexit ࡀཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪࡜ⱥᅜࡢ㞳⬺ࢩࢼࣜ࢜࡜ࡣ-EU 㞳⬺ࡢࢩࢼࣜ࢜࡜≉ᚩࠖ
<https://home.kpmg.com/jp/ja/home/insights/2017/02/brexit-eu-fundamental-rights.ht
ml>㸦᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥ࠊ2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥㸧House of Commons Science and Technology Committee 2016
“Leaving the EU: implications and opportunities for science and research:
Government Response to the Committee’s Seventh Report”<https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201617/cmselect/cmsctech/1015/1015.pdf>
㸦᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥ࠊ2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 22 ᪥㸧House of Commons Science and Technology Committee 2016
“Alternatives to membership: possible models for the United Kingdom outside theEuropean Union”<https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/50466
1/Alternatives_to_membership_possible_models_for_the_UK_outside_the_EU_Accessible.pdf>
㸦᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥ࠊ2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 22 ᪥㸧


44



EU ࡟࠾ࡅࡿඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇ࡢ◊✲┦ᕝ ඖᏹ

1. ࡇࡢᩥ❶ࡢ㊃᪨
 EU ࡢᨻ⟇ࡢ᰿ᮏࡣࠊḢᕞඹྠయࠊඹ㏻እ஺࣭Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀ᨻ⟇ࠊ㆙ᐹ࣭ฮ஦ྖ
ἲ༠ຊࡢ 3 ࡘࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶྂ࠸Ṕྐࢆࡶࡕࠊ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡶ EU ඲యࡢண⟬ࡢ 4 ๭௨ୖࢆ༨ࡵࡿࠕඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇㸦㏻⛠ CAP㸧ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᨻ⟇ࡣࠊEU
ࡢ᭱ࡶ᰿ᖿࢆ࡞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᨻ⟇ࡢ୍ࡘ࡜࠸࠼ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋᮏ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ࡛ࡣࠊࡇ
ࡢඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ㄌ⏕ࡋࠊ⌧ᅾ࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢືࡁࢆศᯒࡋࡓ
࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋ
2. ඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇ࡢㄌ⏕
࣭ඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇ࡢᚲせᛶ
 ㎰ᴗಖㆤᨻ⟇ࡣ EU ࡟㝈ࡽࡎከࡃࡢᅜ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍⯡ⓗ࡞⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ௨ୗࡢ㸱ࡘࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ➨୍࡟ࠊ㎰⏘≀㟂せࡢቑຍ࡟ࡣ㝈⏺ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺஦ᐇࡔࠋඛ㐍ᅜ࡞࡝ࡢᡤᚓỈ‽ࡀ୍ᐃࡢẁ㝵࡟㐩ࡋࡓᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⤒῭Ⓨᒎࡋࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ㎰⏘≀㟂せࡣࡉ࡯࡝ኚ໬ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ୍᪉ࠊ⏕⏘㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ⤒῭Ⓨᒎ࡟కࡗ࡚ရ✀ᨵⰋࡸ㎰ᶵලࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀ㐍ࡳ⏕⏘ᛶࡀୖ᪼ࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀ
ࡺ࠼㎰⏘≀ᕷሙࢆ᏶඲࡟౯᱁࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࡟௵ࡏࡿ࡜ࠊ㎰⏘≀౯᱁ࡀୗⴠࡋࠊ
㎰ᐙᡤᚓࡶୗⴠࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ➨஧࡟ࠊ㎰ᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ⏕⏘ࢆ⥅⥆ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍ᗘᗫᴗࡋ࡚ᨺ⨨ࡉࢀࡓ㎰ᆅ࡛ࠊ௨๓ࡢỈ‽࡛ࡢ⏕⏘ࢆ㐩ᡂࡉࡏࡿࡢ࡟ࡣᖺ᭶ࢆせࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ㎰ᐙ࡟⥅⥆ⓗ࡞⏕⏘ࢆಁࡍᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ➨୕࡟ࠊ㎰ᴗࡣ⮬↛ࢆ┦ᡭ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ
ᨾ࡟ࠊ⏕⏘㔞ࡢㄪᩚࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋ౯᱁࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࡟㎰⏘≀ࢆ౫Ꮡࡉࡏࡿ࡜ࠊ㎰⏘≀౯᱁ࡢ஘㧗ୗࡣ㑊ࡅࡽࢀࡎࠊ㞳㎰ࡸ⪔సᨺᲠࢆቑຍࡉࡏࡿ⤖ᯝ࡟࡞ࡿࡔ
ࢁ࠺ࠋ ຍ࠼࡚ࠊḢᕞ⤫ྜࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ⌮⏤ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋḢᕞ⤫ྜࡣ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓࡢ཯┬ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ᖹ࿴ࢆ┠ⓗ࡟ጞࡲࡗࡓࠋ㇏჆ဴ㸦2016㸧࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊᡓ㛫ᮇ࡟㎰ᴗேཱྀࡢከࡃࡀࠊ㎰⏘≀౯᱁ࡢᭀⴠ࡟ᡭࢆᡴࡓ࡞࠿ࡗࡓᨻᗓ࡟཯Ⓨࡋ࡚ᴟྑࢢ
࣮ࣝࣉࢆᨭᣢࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊࡇࢀࡀᡓதࢆᣍࡃ୍ࡘࡢせᅉ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺Ṕྐࢆ⪃࠼ࢀࡤࠊ㎰ᴗᡤᚓ⥔ᣢᨻ⟇ࡣᖹ࿴⌮ᛕ࡜ᐦ᥋࡟⤖ࡧࡘࡃࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ࡜࠸
࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊ2000 ᖺ᫬Ⅼ࡜ẚ࡭࡚ᡓᚋࡣ㎰ᴗࡀேཱྀ㠃࡛ࡶ GDP 㠃࡛ࡶ኱ࡁ࡞ᙺ
๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵࠊḢᕞ⤫ྜࡢᡂຌ࡟ࡣ㎰ᴗ⪅ࡢ㈶ᡂࡀ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ




45

࡜ࡶゝ࠼ࡿࠋ

࣭ඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇ࡢෆᐜ ඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇࡟ࡣ୕ᮏᰕ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿཎ๎ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ୍ࡘ┠ࡣࠊSingle market㸦༢୍ᕷሙ㸧ࡔࠋᇦෆ㎰⏘≀㈠᫆࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㞀ᐖࢆ㝖ཤࡋࠊྛ㎰⏘≀ࡢᇦෆඹ㏻౯
᱁ࢆタᐃࡋࡓࠋඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇ࡣ㎰ᴗᡤᚓࡢྥୖࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓࡓࡵࠊᇦෆඹ㏻
౯᱁ࡣୡ⏺ᕷሙ౯᱁ࡼࡾ㧗ࡵ࡟タᐃࡉࢀࡓࠋ஧ࡘ┠ࡣࠊCommunity preference㸦ඹྠయඃඛཎ๎㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋᇦእ㎰⏘≀࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㛵⛯ࡸ㍺ධㄢᚩ㔠ࢆㄢࡍࡇ࡜࡛ᇦෆ㎰⏘≀ࢆಖㆤࡋࠊࡲࡓ㍺ฟ⿵ຓ㔠࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᇦෆࡢ㎰⏘≀ࡢୡ⏺ᕷሙ౯᱁࡛ࡢ㍺ฟࢆಁ㐍ࡋࡓࠋ୕ࡘ┠ࡣࠊFinancial solidarity㸦㈈ᨻࡢ㐃ᖏ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇㐠Ⴀ࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡿ㈝⏝ࡣඹྠయࡀ㈇ᢸࡍࡿ࡜ᐃࡵࠊEAGGF㸦Ḣᕞ㎰ᴗᣦᑟಖドᇶ㔠㸧ࢆタ⨨ࡋࡓࠋ CAP ࡢලయⓗෆᐜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ㎰⏘≀ࢆᇦෆඹ㏻౯᱁㸦᭱పಖド౯᱁㸧࡛↓ไ㝈࡟㈙࠸ୖࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊవ๫㎰⏘≀࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㈓ⶶࡸ
㏵ୖᅜ࡬ࡢ᥼ຓ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠊ㍺ฟ⿵ຓ㔠ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚㍺ฟࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᑐᛂࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ㛵⛯࡜㍺ධㄢᚩ㔠ࢆㄢࡍࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ㎰⏘≀ࡢཝࡋ࠸㍺ධไ㝈ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋ
3. ඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇ࡢ⾜ࡁワࡲࡾ ౯᱁ᨻ⟇ࢆ㍈࡟ࡋ࡚㐠Ⴀࡉࢀጞࡵࡓඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ᫬㛫⤒㐣࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࡑࡢၥ㢟ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ୍ࡘ┠ࡢᘢᐖࡣࠊ㐣๫⏕⏘࡟క࠺㈈ᨻ㈇ᢸࡢቑ኱࡛࠶ࡿࠋඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇࡛ࡣඹ㏻ᕷሙ౯᱁࡟ࡼࡿ↓ไ㝈㈙࠸ୖࡆ
ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ㎰ᐙࡣࡼࡾከࡃࡢ฼₶ࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵ࡟㎰⏘≀ࢆ኱㔞࡟⏕⏘ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡀ㐣๫⏕⏘ࢆᣍࡁࠊవ๫㎰⏘≀ࢆቑ኱ࡉࡏࡓࠋవ
๫㎰⏘≀ࡣ㈓ⶶࡋࡓࡾ㍺ฟ⿵ຓ㔠ࢆฟࡋ࡚ฎศࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿ௙⤌ࡳ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸
ࡓࡀࠊ࡝ࡕࡽ࡟ࡏࡼ㈓ⶶ㈝⏝ࡸ⿵ຓ㔠㈝⏝ࢆ㈇ᢸࡍࡿᨻᗓࡢ㈈ᨻ㈇ᢸࡢቑ኱
ࡣ㑊ࡅࡽࢀࡎࠊඹྠయ㈈ᨻࢆᅽ㏕ࡋࡓࠋ ࡲࡓ⎔ቃ㠃࡛ࡶ⿕ᐖࡀฟጞࡵࡓࠋ㎰ᐙࡣ㎰⏘≀ࡢ⏕⏘ᛶࢆୖࡆࡿࡓࡵ࡟㞟⣙ⓗ⏕⏘ࢆ⾜࠺ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡇࢀࡣ㎰⸆࡜⫧ᩱࡢ౑⏝ࡢቑຍࢆᣍࡁࠊ
స≀ࡀ྾཰ࡋࡁࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㎰⸆ࡀᆅୗỈࡸἙᕝࠊᅵተ࡟࠶ࡩࢀฟࡋỈ㉁ởᰁࡸᅵተởᰁࡀ῝้࡟࡞ࡾጞࡵࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ㞟⣙ⓗ㎰ᴗࡢಁ㐍࡛᤼Ỉ᪋タࢆᣑᙇࡍࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㎰ᴗ㛵㐃ࡢᇶ┙ᩚഛࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࠊࡇࢀࡀᬒほࡢᝏ໬ࡸື≀ࡢ⏕ᜥᇦࡢ◚ቯࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓࠋ ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ㎰ᐙ㛫ࡢᡤᚓ᱁ᕪ࡟ࡶၥ㢟ࡀฟጞࡵࡓࠋ㎰⏘≀ࡢ஘㧗ୗࢆ㜵ࡄࡓࡵࡢᇦෆඹ㏻౯᱁ࡢタᐃ࡜㎰⏘≀ࡢ↓ไ㝈㈙࠸ୖࡆ࠿ࡽࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡓᖐ⤖ࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㎰ᐙᡤᚓࡀ⏕⏘㔞࡟ẚ౛ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺஦ᐇࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ኱つᶍ


46



࠿ࡘ㞟⣙ⓗ࡟㎰ᴗࢆႠࡴ㎰ᐙ࡯࡝ᜠᜨࡀ኱ࡁࡃࠊᑠつᶍ㎰ᐙ࡟ࡣࡑࢀ࡯࡝኱
ࡁ࡞ᜠᜨࡀࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀ࡞࠸ᵓ㐀࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᐇ㝿ࠊEAGGF ⿵ຓ㔠ࡢ 8 ๭ࡀ඲㎰ᴗ⏕⏘⪅ࡢୖ఩ 2 ๭࡟ᨭ⤥ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇࡟ࡣ㎰ᐙ㛫ࡢᡤᚓ᱁ᕪᣑ኱ࢆᢚไࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᶵ⬟ࡀഛࢃࡗ࡚࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
4. ඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇ᨵ㠉࣭࣐ࢡࢩ࣮ࣕࣜᨵ㠉 GATT ࢘ࣝࢢ࢔࢖ࣛ࢘ࣥࢻ⥾⤖ࡢࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢ࡟ྜࢃࡏࠊEU ࡣඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇ᨵ㠉࡟஌ࡾฟࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡀ࣐ࢡࢩ࣮ࣕࣜᨵ㠉࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊ㐣๫⏕⏘ࢆᢚไࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ῶ཯࣭ఇ⪔ࢆಁࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ㎰ᐙࡢቑ⏘࢖ࣥࢭࣥࢸ࢕ࣈࢆᙅࡵࠊ㐣ᗘ࡞㞟⣙ⓗ㎰ᴗ࠿ࡽ⬺༷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠊᕷሙ㞀ቨࡀపୗࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡉࡽ࡟వ๫㎰⏘≀ࡢ⟶⌮㈝⏝ࢆ๐ῶࡋ࡚㈈ᨻ㈇ᢸࢆ㍍ῶࡍࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿⅬ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᨻ⟇ࡣ㎰ᐙᡤᚓࡢపୗ࡜࠸࠺ྍ
⬟ᛶࢆᏎࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡣඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇ࡢ⌮ᛕ࡟཯ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᑐ⟇ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ㎰ᐙᡤᚓࡢపୗࢆ㜵ࡄࡓࡵࡢᨵ㠉࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࢹ࢝ࢵࣉࣝࡉࢀࡓ
㸦⏕⏘㧗࡜㛵ಀࡢ࡞࠸㸧┤᥋ᨭᡶ࠸ไᗘࡀᑟධࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢୗ࡛ࡣࠊࢹ࢝ࢵ
ࣉࣝࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㎰ᐙࡢᡤᚓపୗࢆᅇ㑊ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ⏕⏘㔞๐ῶࢆಁࡏࡿࡢ࡟
ຍ࠼ࠊᡤᚓᨭ᥼ࡢつᶍࡀ⏕⏘㔞࡟ẚ౛ࡋ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ㞽⣽㎰ᐙ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㔜Ⅼⓗ࡞ᨭ᥼ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ⤖ᯝࠊ㎰ᐙ㛫ࡢᡤᚓ᱁ᕪࡢᨵၿࡶᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᇦෆඹ㏻౯᱁ࡢᘬࡁୗࡆࡶᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ࢘ࣝࢢ࢔࢖ࣛ࢘ࣥ
ࢻ࡛ࡢᾏእ࠿ࡽࡢせồ࡟ᛂ࠼ࠊᕷሙ࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫࢆᨵၿࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ㍺ฟ
⿵ຓ㔠ࡢ๐ῶ࡟ࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࠊඹ㏻㈈ᨻࡢ೺඲໬࡟ࡶᙺ❧ࡗࡓࠋ ࣐ࢡࢩ࣮ࣕࣜᨵ㠉࡛ࡣ㎰ᐙࡢᏑᅾព⩏ࡶᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡓࠋ㎰ᐙ࡟ࡣ㣗ᩱ⏕⏘⪅࡜࠸࠺ᙺ๭࡟ຍ࠼ࠊ⎔ቃࡸᬒほࡢ⥔ᣢࠊ㎰ᮧᆅᇦ♫఍ࡢⓎᒎࢆᢸ࠺ᙺ๭ࡀ࠶
ࡿ࡜ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ㣗ᩱ⏕⏘⪅࡜࠸࠺ᙺ๭ࡔࡅࡔ࡜஧ḟ኱ᡓᚋࡢ㣗ᩱ
୙㊊ࡢ᫬௦࡞ࡽཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊ⌧≧ࡢ⏕⏘㐣๫ࡢ≧ែ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࠊࠕ㣗⣊⏕⏘ࡣ⏕⏘ຠ⋡ࡢⰋ࠸኱つᶍ㎰ᐙ࡟௵ࡏ࡚࠾ࡅࡤࡼ࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺཯ㄽ࡟ᑐᢠ࡛
ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ┤᥋ᨭᡶ࠸ไᗘࢆᑟධࡋ࡚㞽⣽㎰ᐙࡶᏲࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࡭ࡁࡔ
࡜࠸࠺ࡓࡵ࡟ࠊูࡢ౯್࡙ࡅࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ㸦ࠗ⌧௦࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ⤒῭㸦⏣୰⣲㤶㸧࠘ 㸧࣭࢔ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ 2000 ᨵ㠉 ᡤᚓỈ‽ࡢప࠸ᮾḢㅖᅜࡢ EU ຍ┕࡟ྜࢃࡏ࡚ࠊඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇ࡢࡉࡽ࡞ࡿᨵ㠉ࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡎၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊᇦෆ౯᱁࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆᘬࡁୗ
ࡆ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊGDP Ỉ‽ࡢప࠸᪂つຍ┕ᅜ࡛ࡢቑ⏘ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࠊඹ㏻㈈ᨻࢆ෌ࡧ





47

圧迫することは明らかだからである。アジェンダ 2000 ではこの問題に対処するために、農産物価格の域内水準を引き下げると同時に、直接支払いを拡充した。既存加盟国と新規加盟国との所得格差を考えると、もし既存加盟国と同じ水準の直接支払い額を支給すれば、それは新規加盟国では比較的大きな
額となる。そのため、農業従事者と非農業従事者との間の対立が予測されるのに加え、農業従事者の競争力向上の意欲を阻害してしまう恐れもあったからである。結果、新規加盟国への直接支払額は減額支給となるが、この金額では不十分と考える新規加盟国については任意で自国財源を利用した独自の直接支払いを上乗せすることが認められた。
環境問題対策も追加された。クロス・コンプライアンスである。これは、直接支払いを受給するためには、EU および各加盟国が定める環境基準を遵守しなければいけないという取り決めだ。これにより、農薬や化学肥料を過度に利用した集約的生産を食い止め、環境にやさしい農法を推奨した。
以上の政策は主にマクシャリー改革を継承、強化したものと見ることができるであろう。加えて、アジェンダ 2000 もそれに特徴的な政策を持つ。農村開発政策である。市場統合によって農村資源の都市への流出が加速したため、農村も一つの独立したコミュニティとして確立され、農業に限らない雇用の創出などの必要性が生じた。農村開発政策は共通農業政策の第二の柱として位置づけられ、このために欧州農業基金（European Agricultural Fund For Rural
Development : EAFRD）が創設された。
・MTR 改革
MTR 改革はアジェンダ 2000 の補完的改革である。継続的な域内共通価格の引き下げ、農村開発政策の促進と強制的モデュレーション、クロス・コンプ
ライアンスの強化、さらに再国別化との関連でナショナルエンベロープが挙げられる。
モデュレーションとは、巨額の直接支払いを受けている農家が存在する場
合、その支払額を一定額減額し、農村開発資金に充てるという政策である。
この政策は アジェンダ 2000 においても盛り込まれていたものの、実際に導入するか否かは各国の任意に任されていたため、MTR 改革において強制化された。
ナショナルエンベロープについても説明を加えたいと思う。MTR 改革以降
直接支払いが基礎的支払いとナショナルエンベロープに相当する追加的支払
いに分割された。基礎的支払いは EU の共通財政から拠出されるもので EU 統
一の基準に従う。一方、ナショナルエンベロープは基礎的支払いでは不十分と考える加盟国が自国の裁量で追加的に拠出するものである。また、基礎的48

48

支払い額の 10％以内の額であれば、加盟国が自国の裁量で別の目的の予算に転用することができるようになった。直接支払いおよび EU の共通財政を源泉とする資金利用に関して、加盟国の裁量が拡大したというのが、MTR 改革の一つの意義になるだろう。
5. 共通農業政策の再国別化
共通農業政策は各国の裁量を共同体である EU が代わりに受け持ち、全加盟国を統括する制度である。単一市場、共同体優先、財政連帯という共通農業
政策の三原則に全加盟国が従うことで、共通農業政策は加盟国間の所得移転という機能も兼ね備えており、その名の通り全加盟国が連帯して運営を担っている。しかしながら、この共通農業政策は政策の枠組み・原則を提供しているものの、その具体的実施については各国の裁量に任されてきた。近年ではこの各国の裁量が共通農業政策の柱である市場価格政策と農村開発政策にまで拡大している。以下では歴史的に認められてきた各国の裁量と、近年になって拡大した加盟国の裁量とをそれぞれ分析し、現代における共通農業政策の存在意義を問いかけていきたい。
・歴史的に認められてきた裁量
共通農業政策は加盟国に共通の枠組みを提供したといえるが、具体的内容にまで言及していなかったために、政策運営の段階では加盟国間で差異が生じていた。
例えば、酪農部門における生産制限である。酪農部門では生産割当が採用されたが、新規参入者に対して生産量をどのように割り当てるかというのは加盟国政府の裁量に委ねられた。生産割当の売買を許可するかどうかも加盟
国政府に委ねられていた。また、ほかの例としては共通農業政策に取り入れられる農産物の種類が挙げられる。共通農業政策はフランス、ドイツ、オラ
ンダの 3 カ国が創設に大きな役割を果たしたため、オリーブ油などの南欧農
産物は長期にわたって市場・価格政策の対象にはなっていなかった。そのため南欧農産物に対する政策は各国政府に委ねられていた。
EU の共通の枠組みの中で加盟国が裁量を発揮するというシステムを取る理由は主に 2 つある。一つは、地域ごとに農村の形態が異なるからである。ではなぜ、地域ごとに異なる個別の形態に EU が対応する必要が生じたかというと、それが二つ目の理由につながる。それは、マクシャリー改革において農村の機能が食料生産に限らず、景観保持や農村地域社会の発展など多面的に意義付けられたからである。この多面的機能の保全には農村社会の維持が必要になるため、個別に対応する必要性が生じた。もちろん個別に対応するた

49

49

ࡵ࡟ࡣࡑࡢᨻ⟇ࡶ୍ᵝ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇ࡣ኱ᯟࢆᥦ౪ࡋࡓ࠺
࠼࡛ᨻ⟇ࡢලయⓗෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣྛᅜࡢ⿢㔞࡟௵ࡏࡿ࡜࠸࠺యไࢆ࡜ࡿࡼ࠺
࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ࣭᪂ࡓ࡟ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ⿢㔞 ㏆ᖺ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ᣑ኱ࡋࡓຍ┕ᅜࡢᶒ㝈ࢆ௨ୗ࡛ࡣ⤂௓ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ
 2009 ᖺ࡟⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ CAP ᨵ㠉ࢆ࣊ࣝࢫࢳ࢙ࢵࢡᨵ㠉࡜࠸࠺ࠋ2003
ᖺࡢ MTR ᨵ㠉ࢆࡉࡽ࡟ᙉ໬ࡍࡿᙧ࡛ࠊࢹ࢝ࢵࣉࣜࣥࢢࡢᙉ໬ࡸࣔࢹ࣮ࣗࣞࢩ
ࣙࣥࡢ᥎㐍࡞࡝ࢆ┠ᶆ࡟ᨵ㠉ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋ୰࡛ࡶࠊࢡࣟࢫ࣭ࢥࣥࣉࣛ࢖࢔ࣥ
ࢫࡢ㐺ṇ໬ࡣ᪂ࡓ࡟ EU ࡟ຍ┕ࡋࡓᅜࠎࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣊ࣝࢫ
ࢳ࢙ࢵࢡᨵ㠉ࡢ᰾࡜࡞ࡿኚ໬ࡣࠊࢡࣟࢫ࣭ࢥࣥࣉࣛ࢖࢔ࣥࢫ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᶒ㝈ࡀ୍㒊ຍ┕ᅜࡢ⿢㔞࡟ጤࡡࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢡࣟࢫ࣭ࢥࣥࣉࣛ࢖࢔ࣥࢫࡣ┤᥋ᨭᡶ࠸ࢆཷࡅࡿࡓࡵ࡟㑂Ᏺࡍ࡭ࡁ⎔ቃᇶ‽࡛࠶ࡾࠊ2003 ᖺ࡟⩏ົ໬ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
࣊ࣝࢫࢳ࢙ࢵࢡᨵ㠉࡛ᐃࡵࡽࢀࡓࢡࣟࢫ࣭ࢥࣥࣉࣛ࢖࢔ࣥࢫ࡛ࡣࠊἲᐃ⟶⌮せ௳࡜㎰ᴗ࣭⎔ቃ᮲௳ࡢ஧ࡘࢆ㑂Ᏺࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋἲᐃ⟶⌮せ௳ࡣ EU ࡢ❧ἲ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓᗈ⠊࡞つᐃ㸦౛࠼ࡤࠊබ⾗⾨⏕࠾ࡼࡧື᳜≀ࡢ೺ᗣ⾨⏕ࠊ⎔ቃ୪ࡧ࡟ື≀ࡢ⚟♴㸧࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ㎰ᴗ࣭⎔ቃ᮲௳ࡣྛᅜࡢ≉᭷ࡢᅵተࡸ
Ẽೃࢆ཯ᫎࡋࡓྛᅜࡢἲᚊ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓつᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣつไෆᐜࡢⅬ࡟࠾࠸࡚ຍ┕ᅜࡢ⿢㔞ࡀᣑ኱ࡉࢀࡓ౛ࡔࠋ
 ㈨㔠㈇ᢸ㠃࡛ࡢ෌ᅜู໬ࡣ㎰ᮧ㛤Ⓨᨻ⟇࡟࠾࠸࡚ᩓぢࡉࢀࡿࠋ࢔ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ
2000 ᨵ㠉࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㎰ᮧ㛤Ⓨᨻ⟇ࡢࡓࡵࡢ㈨㔠ᶵ㛵࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊḢᕞ㎰ᴗᇶ㔠ࡀタ❧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㎰ᮧ㛤Ⓨᨻ⟇ࡢ㈨㔠㈇ᢸࡣḢᕞ㎰ᴗᇶ㔠࡜ຍ┕ᅜ㈈※࡜ࡢඹྠ㈇ᢸ࡛㈥ࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㎰ᮧ㛤Ⓨᨻ⟇ࡢᇶ㍈ࡣᅄࡘᏑᅾ
ࡍࡿࡀࠊྛᇶ㍈࡟ᑐࡋ࡚Ḣᕞ㎰ᴗᇶ㔠ࡢ㈇ᢸୖ㝈ࡣ 50-55㸣࡜ᐃࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
ṧࡾࡣຍ┕ᅜ㈈※ࡢ㈇ᢸ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ࣐ࢡࢩ࣮ࣕࣜᨵ㠉࡛ඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇ࡢᰕ࡟㎰ᮧ㛤Ⓨᨻ⟇ࡶ఩⨨௜ࡅࡽࢀࡓ࡜࠸࠺஦ᐇࢆ㚷ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊࡇࡢ㈨㔠㈇ᢸࡣඹ㏻㈈ᨻࡢཎ๎࡟᫂ࡽ࠿࡟཯ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㈨㔠㈇ᢸ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶຍ┕ᅜࡢ⿢㔞࡟ጤࡡጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ
6. ࠾ࢃࡾ࡟ Ḣᕞ⤫ྜࡢ㯪᫂ᮇ࠿ࡽ⬦ࠎ࡜⥆ࡃඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ㏆ᖺ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡑ
ࡢᶵ⬟ࡣྛຍ┕ᅜࡢ⿢㔞࡟ጤࡡࡽࢀጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋGDP Ỉ‽ࡢ㧗࠸ᅜ࠿ࡽప࠸
ᅜࡲ࡛ࡀࡲࡿ୍࡛ࡘࡢᅜࡢࡼ࠺࡟㐃ᖏࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊඛ㐍ᅜࡀᚋ㐍ᅜࢆ᥼ຓࡍࡿᯟ⤌ࡳࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊࡑࡇ࡟ࡣᵝࠎ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡀᒣ✚ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
ඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇ࡣ࠿ࡘ࡚ࡼࡾゎయࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸ࢃࢀ࡚ࡶ࠾࠿ࡋࡃ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
⌧ᅾࡶᑦࠊEU ࡢṓฟ࡟༨ࡵࡿඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇ࡢ๭ྜࡣ 3 ๭࠿ࡽ 5 ๭࡯࡝ࡢ㧗࠸


50



๭ྜࡀ⥔ᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㏆ᖺࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ㧗ᥭ࡟ྜࢃࡏ࡚ࡇࡢᨻ⟇ࡀᯝࡓࡋ࡚ EU ඲ຍ┕ᅜ࡟฼┈ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ⥆ࡅࡿࡢ࠿ࠊ௒ᚋࡢືࡁ࡟ὀ┠ࡋࡓ࠸࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㇏჆ဴ 2016 ᖺࠗḢᕞ⤫ྜ࡜ඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇࠘ⰱ᭩ᡣ㇏჆ဴ 2006 ᖺ ࠗEU ඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇࡜⤖᮰ : ࢘ࣝࢢ࢔࢖࣭ࣛ࢘ࣥࢻ௨㝆ࡢ
ඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇࠘ᒣཱྀ኱Ꮫ⤒῭Ꮫ఍⏣୰⣲㤶 2014 ᖺ ࠗ⌧௦࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ⤒῭࠘᭷ᩫ㛶







51

(U ࡢᮾ᪉ᣑ኱  
 
᳃ 㤶⳯Ꮚ

1. ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
 EU ࡣ 2004 ᖺ 5 ᭶࡟ 25 ࣧᅜయไ࡟ࠊ
ࡉࡽ࡟⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣ 28 ࠿ᅜ࡟ࡲ࡛ᗈࡀࡾࠊ
GDP ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ⡿ᅜࢆୖᅇࡿᕧ኱࡞ᆅᇦ⤫ྜ⤌⧊࡬࡜ᡂ㛗ࢆ㐙ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋEU
ࡢᮾ᪉ᣑ኱࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ḣᕞࡢࠕ෌⤫୍ࠖࡀ㐍ࡳࠊᨻ἞࣭㈠᫆㠃࡛ࡢ༠ຊࡀ㐍ࡴ୍᪉࡛ࠊᡤᚓ᱁ᕪ࣭ᆅᇦ᱁ᕪࡀᗈࡀࡿ➼ࠊ⌧ຍ┕ᅜ࣭᪂つຍ┕ᅜ࡜ࡶ࡟ᠱᛕ
ࡶᗈࡀࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡢࡀ⌧≧ࡔࠋ௒ᅇࡣ EU ᣑ኱ࡢṔྐࢆ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࠊEU
ᣑ኱ࡢ࣓ࣜࢵࢺཬࡧࡑࡢ㝈⏺࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪ࡭࡚ࡺࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋ
2. EU ᣑ኱ࡢ㐨ࡢࡾ ᭱ึ࡟ࠊEU ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᣑ኱ࡢኚ㑄ࢆ㎺ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࠿ࠊ1951 ᖺࡢࣃࣜ᮲⣙Ⓨຠ᫬Ⅼ࠿ࡽぢ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ       ᅗ⾲㸯㸸(8 ᣑ኱ᆅᅗ㸨 ๺঩௎ପ৴়৻਀৖ भ ਁ ૄ क़ ख़ ঈPDJD]LQH ेॉ૞ස        


52



 ᅗ⾲㸰㸸ຍ┕ᅜ
1951 ᖺ㸲᭶࣋ࣝࢠ࣮࣭ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࣭ࢻ࢖ࢶ࣭࢖ࢱࣜ࢔࣭ࣝࢡࢭࣥࣈࣝࢡ࣭࢜ࣛ
ࣥࢲ

1973 ᖺ㸯᭶ࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡ࣭࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࣭ⱥຍ┕1981 ᖺ 1 ᭶ࢠࣜࢩࣕຍ┕

1986 ᖺ㸯᭶ࢫ࣌࢖࣭࣏ࣥࣝࢺ࢞ࣝຍ┕1995 ᖺ 1 ᭶࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣜ࢔࣭ࣇ࢕ࣥࣛࣥࢻ࣭ࢫ࢙࣮࢘ࢹࣥຍ┕2004 ᖺ 5 ᭶ࢳ࢙ࢥ࣭࢚ࢫࢺࢽ࢔࣭ࣛࢺࣅ࢔࣭࢟ࣉࣟࢫ࣭ࣜࢺ࢔ࢽ࢔࣭ࣁࣥ࢞
࣮࣭࣐ࣜࣝࢱ࣭࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻ࣭ࢫࣦ࢙ࣟࢽ࢔࣭ࢫࣟࣂ࢟࢔ຍ┕2007 ᖺ

ࣈࣝ࢞ࣜ࢔࣭࣮࣐ࣝࢽ࢔ຍ┕2013 ᖺ

ࢡࣟ࢔ࢳ࢔ຍ┕㸨๺঩௎ପ৴়৻਀৖भਁૄक़ख़ঈ PDJD]LQH ेॉ૞ස

1951 ᖺ࡟⤖ࡤࢀࡓࣃࣜ᮲⣙࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ ECSC ࡀㄌ⏕ࡋ᭱ึࡣ㸴࠿ᅜ࠿ࡽࢫࢱ
࣮ࢺࡋࡓḢᕞ⤫ྜ⤌⧊ࡣ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣ 28 ࠿ᅜ࡟ቑ࠼ࡓࠋ≉࡟ 2004㹼2007 ᖺ࡟ࡣᮾ᪉ࡢ 12 ࠿ᅜࡶࡢᅜࡀຍ┕ࡋࠊ➨㸳ḟᣑ኱࡜ࡼࡤࢀࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᮾ᪉ᣑ኱࡜
ẚ࡭࡚つᶍࡀ᱁ẁ࡟኱ࡁ࠸ࠋ௒ᅇࡢㄪᰝ࡛ࡶࠊ➨ 5 ḟᣑ኱࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡚࠸
ࡃࠋࡲࡓࠊᅗ࠿ࡽࡶ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㠃✚ࡶ኱ࡁࡃቑ࠼࡚ 2017 ᖺ⌧ᅾ࡛429 ୓ km²㸦᪥ᮏࡢ⣙ 11 ಸ㸧ࡢ㠃✚ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ 5 ൨ 820 ୓ே㸦᪥ᮏࡢ㸲ಸ㸧ࡢேཱྀࢆ㄂ࡿᕧ኱ᆅᇦ⤌⧊࡬࡜ᡂ㛗ࡋࡓࠋ౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡢ EU ᣑ኱₯ᅾⓗྍ⬟ᛶࡶ㧗ࡃࠊ஺΅ࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋೃ⿵ᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࢡࣟ࢔ࢳ࢔࣭࣐ࢣࢻࢽ࢔࣭
ࣔࣥࢸࢿࢢ࣭ࣟࢭࣝࣅ࢔࣭ࢺࣝࢥࠊ₯ᅾⓗຍ┕ೃ⿵ᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ࢔ࣝࣂࢽ࢔࣭
࣎ࢫࢽ࢔࣊ࣝࢶ࢙ࢦࣅࢼ࣭ࢥࢯ࣎ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ ḟ࡟ࠊEU ᮾ᪉ᣑ኱ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᣑ኱ᡓ␎࡟࠾࠸࡚ 4 ࡘࡢ኱ࡁ࡞࣏࢖ࣥࢺ࡜࡞ࡿỴᐃࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࠋ➨୍࡟Ḣᕞ༠ᐃࡀ⤖ࡤࢀࡓࡇ࡜࡛ ECഃ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚୰࣭ᮾḢࡢᪧ♫఍୺⩏ㅖᅜ࡬ࡢከゅⓗ࡞ᨭ᥼ࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࡀᐃࡵࡽࢀ
ࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾࠊᨻ἞࣭⤒῭࣭♫఍ⓗᏳᐃࠊ⤒῭ᡂ㛗➼ࡀ㐍ࡴࠋ➨㸰࡟ࢥ࣌ࣥࣁ࣮ࢤࣥᇶ‽ࡀᐃࡵࡽࢀࠊEU ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᨻ἞ⓗᇶ‽࣭⤒῭ⓗᇶ‽࣭ไᗘⓗᇶ‽ࡀタࡅࡽࢀࠊຍ┕ೃ⿵ᅜࡣᅜෆἲࡢᨵṇࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ➨㸱࡟ຍ┕๓ᡓ␎ࠊ➨㸲࡟࢔ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ 2000 ࡀ⤖ࡤࢀࡿࠋ࢔ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ 2000 ࡛ࡣ୺࡟ EU ᮾ᪉ᣑ኱ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᢞࡌࡽࢀࡿண⟬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ໟᣓⓗ࡟Ỵᐃࡀୗࡉࢀࠊඹ㏻㎰ᴗᨻ⟇㸦CAP㸧 ண⟬㸦2000㹼2006 ᖺࡢୖ㝈ᖺᖹᆒ 405 ൨࣮ࣘࣟ㸧ࡸ௜ᖏᥐ⨨㸦140 ൨





53

࣮ࣘࣟ㸧ࠊ ᵓ㐀ᨻ⟇ 㸦ᵓ㐀ᇶ㔠ࠊ᱁ᕪ᫝ṇᇶ㔠㸧 ࡢぢ┤ࡋࡸຍ┕ྛᅜࡢศᢸ㔠➼ࠊEU ṓධ㠃ࡢᨵ㠉ࡶ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋ
ᮾ᪉ᣑ኱ࡢ⤒῭ⓗ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ
ᅗ⾲㸱㸸(8 ࡢᐇ㉁ *'3 ᥎⛣ୖグࡢࢢࣛࣇ࡛ࡶࠊEU ඲యࡢ⤒῭ᡂ㛗⋡ࡀ 2000㹼2007 ᖺࡢ㛫࡟኱ࡁࡃఙ
ࡧࡓࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋEU ࡢᮾ᪉ᣑ኱(ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ୺࡟➨㸳ḟᣑ኱ࢆᣦࡍ)࡟ࡣࠊ୺
࡟⤒῭㠃࠿ࡽࠊ⌧ຍ┕ᅜ(10 ࠿ᅜ)࡜᪂つຍ┕ᅜ(15 ࠿ᅜ)཮᪉࡟ᣑ኱ࡢ࢖ࣥࢭࣥ
ࢸ࢕ࣈࡀᏑᅾࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀぢ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ3㸫1 ᪤ຍ┕ᅜഃࡲࡎࠊ⌧ຍ┕ᅜ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣᕷሙࢆᗈࡆࡿࡇ࡜࡛ୡ⏺࡟࠾ࡅࡿ EU ࡢ⤒῭ⓗᆅ఩ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸࠺࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᕷሙࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡛㈠᫆㔞ࡀቑ࠼ࡓࡇ࡜࡞࡝࠿ࡽࠊᐇ㝿࡟ 2002㹼2008 ᖺ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚᪤ຍ┕ᅜࡢ⣼✚ᡂ㛗⋡ࡣ 0.5㸣࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋୗࡢᅗ⾲㸲࠿ࡽࡶࢃ࠿ࡿ࡜࠾ࡾࠊࢻ࢖ࢶ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶᑐ
Ḣᕞ࡬ࡢᢞ㈨๭ྜ࡜ᢞ㈨㢠⮬యࡀ⃭ቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ᪂つຍ┕ᅜࡢປാຊ
ࡀᏳ౯࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡸࠊᮾḢࡢ㇏ᐩ࡞㈨※ࡢ㛵⛯㞀ቨࢆྲྀࡾ㝖࠸࡚௨๓ࡼࡾᐜ
᫆࡟ᡭ࡟ධࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿⅬࡶ㨩ຊ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ








54




ᅗ⾲㸲㸸ࢻ࢖ࢶࡢᆅᇦูᑐእ┤᥋ᢞ㈨



3㸫2 ᪂つຍ┕ᅜഃ᪂つຍ┕ᅜഃ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶ⤒῭ⓗ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡣ኱ኚ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋEU ㅖᅜ࡜ࡢ⤒῭༠
ຊ࡟ࡼࡿ㈠᫆ࡸᢞ㈨ࡢቑ኱࣭⤒῭᥼ຓࡢ⋓ᚓ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⮬ᅜࡢ⤒῭Ⓨᒎࢆ㐍ࡵࠊᅜẸࡢ⏕άỈ‽ࡢྥୖࢆᅗࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪂つ㞠⏝ࡶ 2002㹼
2008 ᖺ࡛ 300 ୓ቑ࠼ࠊ᪂つຍ┕ᅜࡢ⤒῭ᡂ㛗⋡ࡣ 1994㹼2008 ࡛㸲㸣UP ࡋࡓࠋ≉࡟ࠊ᱁ᕪ᫝ṇࡢࡓࡵ࡟᪂つຍ┕ᅜࡀ᪤ຍ┕ᅜഃ࠿ࡽཷࡅࡓ㈈ᨻᨭ᥼࡜ࡋ࡚
ࡣ୺࡟㸱ࡘࢆᣲࡆࡓ࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣ඲࡚࢔ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ 2000 ࡛ྲྀࡾỴࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ➨୍࡟ ISPA㸦ຍ┕ೃ⿵ᅜᵓ㐀ᨭ᥼ᇶ㔠㸧ࡣ஺㏻࢖ࣥࣇࣛᩚഛ࡜⎔ቃಖㆤ஦ᴗࢆ
ᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࠊ➨஧ࡢ PHARE ࡣᆅᇦ㛤Ⓨ㸪⏘ᴗᵓ㐀㌿᥮㸪୰ᑠ௻ᴗ᣺⯆ࡢᨭ᥼ࢆᢸ࠺ࠋ➨୕ࡢ SAPARD ࡣ㎰ᴗࡢᵓ㐀ᨵ㠉ᨭ᥼ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ
ࡽ 3 ᇶ㔠ࡢྜィண⟬つᶍ㸦2000 ᖺ㹼 2006 ᖺ㸧ࡣ 218 ൨ 4000 ୓࣮࡛ࣘࣟ࠶ࡗ
ࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᮾḢㅖᅜࡢᑐ EU ㈠᫆ࡢ๭ྜࡣ 90 ᖺ௦㹼2000 ᖺ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ 30㸣UP
ࡋࡓࠋ





55

(8 ᮾ᪉ᣑ኱ࡢ㝈⏺ᅗ⾲㸳㸸᪂つຍ┕ᅜࡀࠊ(8 ࠿ᅜࡢỈ‽࡟฿㐩ࡍࡿࡲ࡛࡟せࡍࡿᖺ᭶

ᅗ⾲㸴㸸ᖹᆒᖺ㛫ᡤᚓ᱁ᕪ

EU ࡢᮾ᪉ᣑ኱ࡢ㝈⏺࡜ࡋ࡚୺࡟ᇦෆࡢ⤒῭࣭ᡤᚓ᱁ᕪࢆ࡜ࡾ࠶ࡆࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ
࠺ࠋୖグࡢᅗ⾲ 5 ࡜ 6 ࠿ࡽࢃ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᇦෆࡢ GDPࠊᡤᚓ᱁ᕪ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ⤒῭᱁ᕪࡣ 2004 ᖺࡢ➨㸳ḟᣑ኱ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ᭦࡟ᗈࡀࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋᅗ⾲㸴࠿ࡽࡣࠊࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡ࡜ࣈࣝ࢞ࣜ࢔࡛ࡣ 26 ಸ௨ୖࡶࡢ㛤ࡁࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀㄞࡳྲྀࢀ
ࡿࠋࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡ࡜ࢫࣟࣂ࢟࢔ࠊࣁ࣮࡛ࣥ࢞ࣜࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࠊ9 ಸ࡜ 7 ಸ௨ୖࡢ㛤ࡁࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ᭦࡟ࠊEU15 ࢝ᅜẸࡢᖹᆒᖺ㛫ᡤᚓࡣ 3 ୓ 1768.5 ࣮࡛ࣘࣟ࠶ࡗࡓ
ࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊEU25 ࢝ᅜ࡛ࡣ 2 ୓ 8434.7 ࣮࡛ࣘࣟ࠶ࡗࡓࠋᇦෆ᱁ᕪࡣࠊ⤒῭㠃ࡲࡓࡑࢀ௨እࡢศ㔝࡛ࡢ㞀ቨࢆṧࡍࡓࡵࠊETUC㸦Ḣᕞປാ⤌ྜ㐃ྜ㸧ࡣᇦෆ
࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㈤㔠Ỉ‽࡜ປാ᮲௳ࡀබṇ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᚭᗏࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᇦෆᆅᇦ᱁ᕪࢆ᫝ṇࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢྲྀ⤌ࡳ࡜ࡋ࡚ᆅᇦᨻ⟇㸦ᵓ㐀ᨻ⟇࡜


56



࠸࠺ྡ⛠㸧ࡀ࡜ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊண⟬ࡣ EU ࡢண⟬⥲㢠ࡢ⣙ 3 ศࡢ 1 ࢆ༨ࡵࡿつᶍ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᆅᇦᨻ⟇ࡢ㈈ᨻࡣࠊḢᕞᆅᇦ㛤Ⓨᇶ㔠ࠊḢᕞ♫఍ᇶ㔠ࠊḢᕞ㎰ᴗᣦᑟ⿵ൾᇶ㔠ࠊ⁺ᴗᣦᑟ㈈ᨻᣦᑟࡢ 4 ࡘࡢࠕᵓ㐀ᇶ㔠ࠖࡢ௚ࠊ⤖᮰ᇶ㔠ࡸḢᕞᢞ㈨㖟⾜࡟ࡼࡿ⼥㈨ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊຍ┕ᅜ୺ᑟ࡛┠ⓗศ㔝ู࡟ඃඛ㡰఩ࢆ᱁௜ࡅࡋ
࡚ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡲࡔᐇ㝿࡟ࡣ༑ศ࡞ᆅᇦ㛫᱁ᕪࡢ᫝ṇ࡟ࡣࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ

5. ࠾ࢃࡾ࡟
 28 ࠿ᅜయไ࡬࡜つᶍࢆఙࡤࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ EU ࡣࠊ⤒῭࣭ᨻ἞㠃࡛ࡢ༠ຊࢆᐦ࡟
ࡋࠊ⡿ᅜࢆ຾ࡿ࡯࡝ࡢ⤒῭ຊࢆᣢࡘ㸯ࡘࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ࡲ࡜ࡲࡗࡓᆅᇦ࡬࡜Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᮾ᪉ࡢᅜࠎ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶ᪤ຍ┕ᅜ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶ኱ࡁ࡞࣓ࣜࢵࢺ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ
ࡇ࡜ࡶࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊᇦෆࡢ᱁ᕪࡣ౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚኱ࡁ࠸ࠋࢠࣜࢩࣕࡢ㈈ᨻၥ㢟࡞࡝ࠊඹྠయࡺ࠼࡟࿘ᅖࡢᅜࡢ㈈ᨻ㈇ᢸ࣭⿕ᐖࡀᗈࡀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶከࠎ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ
ࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣࡢ୰࡛ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽᮾ᪉ᣑ኱ࡀࡉࡽ࡟ᣑ኱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ⪃࠼㞴࠸࡜ண᝿ࡍࡿࠋ㏆ᖺࢺࣝࢥࡢ EU ຍ┕ࡀヰ㢟࡛࠶ࡾࠊ஺΅ࡣ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ
ࢺࣝࢥᅜෆ࡛ࡢ EU ຍ┕ᨭᣢ⋡ࡣࡔࢇࡔࢇపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡃഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿୖࠊ᪤ຍ┕ᅜഃ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶᠱᛕࡢኌࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢ EU 㞳⬺ၥ㢟ࡶྵࡵࠊ௒ࡇࡑ EU
࡜ࡋ࡚ࡲ࡜ࡲࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡸࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢṔྐ࣭⫼ᬒ࡟ࡶὀ┠ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ௒ᚋࡢ EU ࡢືྥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᘬࡁ⥆ࡁㄪ࡭࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋ
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩࣭URL ୍ぴ࣮ࠗࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢᮾ᪉ᣑ኱࠘ᒾἼ᭩ᗑ 2007 ᒣཱྀ᫛⏨http://www.sangiin.go.jp/japanese/annai/chousa/rippou_chousa/backnumber/2006pdf/
2006040773.pdf㸦᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥ 2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 9 ᪥㸧
http://eumag.jp/behind/d0514/㸦᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥ 2017 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 13 ᪥㸧
http://eba-www.yokohama-cu.ac.jp/~kogiseminagamine/20051201EUEnlargementSR
No2Kaizen.htm㸦᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥㸸2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥㸧
https://www.asahi-kasei.co.jp/arc/service/pdf/973.pdf㸦᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥ 2017 ᖺ 7
᭶ 9 ᪥㸧
http://www.ndl.go.jp/jp/diet/publication/document/2007/200705/077-093.pdf( ᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥ 2017 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 13 ᪥)





57

http://eba-www.yokohama-cu.ac.jp/~kogiseminagamine/20051201EUEnlargementSR
No2Kaizen.htm㸦᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥㸸2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥㸧
http://www.jil.go.jp/foreign/labor_system/2007_1/eu_01.html 㸦᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥㸸2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥㸧


58



᪥ᮏேࡢᅜẸព㆑ࢆឤࡌࡿ▐㛫࡜ࡑࡢせᅉ࡜ࡣⴗ㔝㞞ᙪ
1. ࡁࡗ࠿ࡅ ⚾ࡀ᪥ᮏ࡜Ḣᕞࢆ⪃࠼ࡓ㝿࡟┿ࡗඛ࡟ᾋ࠿ࢇࡔ኱ࡁ࡞㐪࠸ࡣࠊᅜቃࡀ㝣⥆ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ᾏࢆ㝸࡚࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ௚ᅜ࡟ࣃࢫ࣏࣮ࢺࢆᣢࡗ࡚
ฟ࠿ࡅࡿ㝿࡟ࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࡣ㣕⾜ᶵ௨እࡢᡭẁࡀᑡ࡞࠸᪥ᮏே࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊิ㌴ࡸࣂࢫ࡛ᅜቃࢆ㉺࠼ࡿ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋ࡛ࡣ㏫࡟ࠊ኱㝣࡟ఫࢇ࡛࠸ࡿᅜẸࡣᅜቃࢆព㆑ࡍࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ☜࠿࡟᪥ᮏᅜෆ࡟ࡣ┴ቃࡀἑᒣ࠶ࡾࠊ᪑⾜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀዲࡁ࡞⚾ࡣࠊ⮬ศࡀࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟⾜ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡢ࠶ࡿ㒔㐨ᗓ┴ࡣ᫂☜࡟グ᠈ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ┴ቃࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ࠿ࡽ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚≉ู࡞ឤ᝟ࡀᢪࡃヂ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊࣃࢫ࣏࣮ࢺࢆ‽ഛࡋࡣࡌࡵࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋᅜቃ࡜᪥ᮏࡢ┴ቃࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡢࡣࠊࡑࡇࢆ㉺࠼ࡿ࡜␗ᅜ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢඛ࡛ࡣゝⴥࡀ㏻ࡌ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡉ
࠼࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᮍ▱ࡢୡ⏺࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡀ๓⪅࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ୍᪉࡛ᙜ
஦⪅ព㆑ࡢⷧ࠸⚾࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊ
ࠕᅜቃࢆព㆑ࡍࡿ࠿ྰ࠿ࠖ࡜࠸࠺␲ၥࡣࠊ࡜࡚ࡶ
㞴ࡋࡃឤࡌࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊព㆑ࡍࡿ࡜ࡋࡓࡽࡑࡢཎᅉࡸ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣఱࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡢ
ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠊ࡜▱ࡾࡓࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀ௨๓࡟ࡑࡶࡑࡶࠕᅜẸࠖ࡜ࡣఱ࠿ࠊ࡜࠸
࠺ཎⅬ࡟❧ࡕ㏉ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡶྵࡵࠊࡇࡢၥ㢟ព㆑࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᅇ⟅ࢆ᥈ࡾࡓࡃᛮࡗࡓࠋ ຍ࠼࡚ࠊ⚾ࡣ᪥ᮏேࡀ᪥ᮏே࡜࠸࠺࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࢆᙉࡃᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ
࠺࡟᪥ࠎឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡸ᪥ᖖ⏕ά࡟ᾐ㏱ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢࠕᅜ
Ẹព㆑ࠖࡢ※Ἠࢆࡓ࡝ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡶࠕᅜẸᅜᐙࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚▱ࡾࡓ࠸࡜ឤࡌࡓࠋ
ࡑࡇ࡛⚾ࡣࠊ࣋ࢿࢹ࢕ࢡࢺ࣭࢔ࣥࢲ࣮ࢯࣥⴭࠗ᝿ീࡢඹྠయ࠘(1987)ࢆ㉎ධࡋࠊㄞࡳጞࡵࡓࠋ

2. ᅜẸព㆑࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ᐀ᩍほ ࡇࡢᮏ࡟ฟ఍ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊ௒ᖺࡢ 2 ᭶㡭࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡕࡻ࠺࡝ࡇࡢ㡭ࠊ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛᅜࡀ࢖ࣛࢡࡸࢩࣜ࢔࿘㎶࡛ྎ㢌ࡋࠊከࡃࡢࢸࣟࣜࢬ࣒ࢆᐇ⾜ࡍࡿ࡞࡝⊛ጾࢆ᣺ࡿࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᙼࡽࡢໃຊᣑ኱ࡢ┠ⓗࡣ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛᅪࡢ⤫୍࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢᡭ
ẁ࡜ࡋ࡚ᅜᐙࡢᶞ❧ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ⮬㌟ࡢᅜᐙࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡀࡑࢀ࡯࡝኱ࡁ
࡞ࡇ࡜࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊ⌧ᅾࡢᅜቃ࡛༊ษࡽࢀࡓᅜᐙࡢศࡅ᪉࡜ఱࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺
࠿ࠊ࡜ឤࡌࡓࠋ⚾ࡢ⪃࠼࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ᐀ᩍࡀࠕᅜᐙࠖࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡁࡗ࠿ࡅ࡟࡞ࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞せᅉࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ≉࡟୰ᮾᆅᇦ࡛ࡣࠕᅜᩍࠖࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿᅜࡶ࠶
ࡾࠊࡑࡢከࡃࡣ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛᩍ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡣᐃ࠿࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ศ࡜࡚ࡶ⯆࿡῝





59

ࡃᫎࡗࡓࠋ ࡲࡎࠊᅜẸࡣࠕ࢖࣓࣮ࢪ࡜ࡋ࡚ᚰࡢ୰࡟ᥥ࠿ࢀࡓ᝿ീࡢᨻ἞ඹྠయࠖ࡜ᐃ
⩏ࡉࢀࡿࠋྠ᫬࡟ࠕ㝈ࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠕ୺ᶒⓗࠖ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠕ୍ࡘࡢ
ඹྠయ࡜ࡋ࡚Ỉᖹⓗ࡞῝࠸ྠᚿឡ࡜ࡋ࡚ᚰ࡟ᥥ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ
ᅜẸࡣ↓㝈࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃ࠶ࡿ࢚ࣜ࢔ෆ࡟㝈ᐃⓗ࡟Ꮡᅾࡋࠊࡑࡢ୰ᚰ࡟
ㄡ࠿ࡀ࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛୺ᶒⓗ࡟࡞ࡾࠊᅜẸྠኈࡣ῝࠸ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜
ࡔࠋ᪥ᮏேࡢሙྜࡣ᝿ീࡋࡸࡍ࠸࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏิᓥࡢ໭࠿ࡽ༡ࡲ࡛ࠊ
ᾏ࡟㝸࡚ࡽࢀࡓᓥࡢ୰࡟ఫࡴேࠎࡣⓙ᪥ᮏே࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ௰㛫࡛࠶ࡾࠊྠᚿ࡛࠶
ࡿ࡜ࡢⓎ᝿ࡣᛮ࠸ࡘࡁࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ୍᪉࡛ᅜቃࡀ௚ᅜ࡜㝣⥆ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿḢᕞࡢሙྜࡣࡲࡗࡓࡃ㞴ࡋ࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋேⅭⓗ࡟Ỵࡵࡽࢀࡓ⥺ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓᆅᇦ࡟ఫࡴேࡣ
௚ᅜẸ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚ࡶࠊ⮬ศࡀᅜቃࡢྥࡇ࠺ࡢࠕᙼࠖ࡜ࡣูࡢᅜẸ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡣㄡࡀド᫂ࡍࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ
3. ᅜᐙࢆព㆑ࡍࡿせᅉ ࡇࢀࡽᅜẸࡸᅜẸព㆑ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿせᅉࡀ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ᮏ᭩ෆ࡛ᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
୍ࡘ┠ࡣᩥ໬ⓗ᰿※ࠊࡑࡢ౛ࡀ᐀ᩍⓗඹྠయࡸ⋤ᅜ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ๓⪅ࡣ౛࠼ࡤࠊ
࣓ࢵ࢝࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚♩ᣏࢆࡍࡿ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛᩍࡸࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ࡟ᒓࡍࡿேࠊ₎Ꮠࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ࠕ୰⳹ࠖ࡟ఫࡴே࡞࡝ࡀ᝿ീࡋ࠺ࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕࡞࡝ࡀᣲ
ࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣࠕඹ㏻ࡢ⪷࡞ࡿゝㄒࡸ⪷࡞ࡿᩥᏐࢆ፹య࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㉸㉺ⓗ࡞ຊࡢ⛛ᗎࢆ⤖ྜࡋࠊࡳࡎ࠿ࡽࡀᏱᐂࡢ୰ᚰ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠖࡼ࠺ࡔࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ
ඹ㏻ࡢ⪷࡞ࡿゝㄒࡸ⪷࡞ࡿᩥᏐ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ồᚰⓗ࡟⚄⪷ᛶࢆಖࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠼
ࡿࠋࡲࡓᚋ⪅ࡢሙྜࡣࠊ୰ኸ㞟ᶒⓗ࡟ྩ୺ไࡀ࡜ࡽࢀࡓᅜᐙ࡞࡝࡛࠶ࡾࠊࣁ
ࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊቃ⏺ࡀ୙᫂░࡛ᨭ㓄ᆅᇦࡢ࿘㎶ᆅ༊࡟⾜ࡅࡤ⾜ࡃ࡯࡝୺ᶒࡀ࠶ࡏ࡚࠸ࡃࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢ᐀ᩍⓗ࡞ඹྠయ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㛗ᮇⓗ࡞┠⥺࡛ぢࡿ࡜஦ᐇୖ಑ㄒࡀ
⏝࠸ࡽࢀࠊ≉࡟ 17 ୡ⣖௨㝆࡛ࡣࣛࢸࣥㄒࡢ⚄⪷໬ࡣⷧࡲࡗࡓ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡘࡲࡾࠊྂ࠸⪷࡞ࡿゝㄒ(ࣛࢸࣥㄒࡸࢠࣜࢩࣕㄒ࡞࡝)࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶ⤫ྜࡉࢀ࡚࠸
ࡓ⪷࡞ࡿඹྠయࡀࠊ」ᩘ໬ࡋ㡿ᅵ໬ࡍࡿ㐣⛬ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
4. ༳ๅ≀ࡸゝㄒࡀᯝࡓࡋࡓᙺ๭ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ᝿ീࡢᅜẸඹྠయࡀ༢⣧࡟᐀ᩍඹྠయࡸ⋤ᅜ࠿ࡽᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࢀ
࡟࡜ࡗ࡚௦ࢃࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡢࡣ㏆ど║ⓗ࡟ࡍࡂࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᮏ᭩࡛
ࡣ᪂ࡓ࡞ᴫᛕࡀᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠕᆒ㉁࡛✵⹫࡞᫬㛫࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ15 ୡ⣖࡟ࢢ࣮ࢸࣥ࣋ࣝࢡࡢά∧༳ๅ⾡ࡀᗈࡲࡗ࡚௨㝆ࠊᩥᏐࢆ௓ࡋ࡚᝟ሗࢆᒆࡅࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀᐜ᫆࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡟క࠸ 18 ୡ⣖࡟ࡣࡌࡵ࡚࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡛ᑠㄝ࡜᪂⪺࡜࠸࠺஧ࡘࡢᵝᘧࡀ㛤ⰼࡋࠊ᝿ീࡢඹྠయࡢㄌ⏕࡟ᐤ୚ࡋࡓ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᩥ


60



❶࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕ᫬㛫Ϩ/஦௳: A ࡜ B ࡀཱྀㄽࡍࡿࠋ(ࡇࡢ㛫࡟)C ࡜ D ࡀ᝟஦ࢆࡍࡿࠋ
᫬㛫ϩ/஦௳: A ࡀ C ࡟㟁ヰࡍࡿࠋ(ࡇࡢ㛫࡟)B ࡣ㈙࠸≀ࡍࡿࠋ(ࡇࡢ㛫࡟)D ࡣ⋢✺ࢆࡍࡿࠋ᫬㛫Ϫ/஦௳: D ࡀࣂ࣮࡛㓉ࡗᡶ࠺ࠋ(ࡇࡢ㛫࡟)A ࡜ B ࡣᐙ࡛㣗஦ࡍࡿࠋ(ࡇࡢ㛫࡟)C ࡣ୙ྜྷ࡞ክࢆࡳࡿࠋࠖ࡜ࡢグ㏙ࡢ୰࡛ࡣࠊA ࡜ D ࡣ୍ᗘࡶฟ఍ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎྠࡌ᫬㛫㐃㙐ࡢ୰࡟Ꮡᅾࡋࠊྠࡌ♫఍ࡢ୰࡟࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢᴫᛕࡣ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣ⮬᫂࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊᩥ
❶࡛᫬㛫ࢆ㏣ࡗ࡚⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࡣᙜ᫬࡛ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟᪂ࡋࡃࠊࡲࡓ㔜せ࡞ほᛕ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊ♫఍ⓗ᭷ᶵయࡀᆒ㉁࡛✵⹫࡞᫬㛫ࡢ࡞࠿ࢆᬺ࡟ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚⛣ືࡋ࡚⾜ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ほᛕࡣࠊᅜẸࡢほᛕ࡜ࡶࡼࡃఝ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿
ࡽࡔࠋ⮬ศࡢྠ⬊ࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ▱ࡽࡎ࡜ࡶࠊྠࡌ᫬㛫࡟࡝ࡇ࠿࡛ఱ࠿άືࢆࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ព㆑ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡢࡣࡇࡢ᫬௦௨㝆ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊ᪂⪺࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࠶ࡿ 1 ᪥࡟㉳ࡇࡗࡓ஦᯶ࢆ୍㠃࡟ᥖ㍕ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣㄞ
⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣྠ᪥࡟ྛᆅ࡛㉳ࡇࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ୍ᗘ࡟ㄆ㆑࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⮬㌟ࡀᡤᒓࡍࡿඹྠయࢆྡ⛠࡛ព㆑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡞࡝୍ษ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶࠊ㯲♧ⓗ࡟ྠ᫬ᛶ࡜᝿ീࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓࠋ ྂ᮶ࠊᅜẸࡀ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡋබ⌮࡜ࡋ࡚ேࠎࡢ⢭⚄ࢆᨭ㓄ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓᇶᮏⓗ࡞ᩥ໬ᴫᛕࡣ 3 ࡘ࠶ࡿࠋ≉ᐃࡢ⪷඾ㄒࡢࡳࡀᮏᙜࡢ┿⌮ࢆఏ࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࠊ♫఍ࡀ୰ኸ࡟㧗ࡃࡑࡧ࠼ࡓࡘࡶࡢ࡜ࡑࡢ࿘㎶࡟⮬↛࡟⤌⧊ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺✵㛫࢖࣓࣮ࢪࠊᏱᐂㄽ࡜Ṕྐ࡜ࡢ༊ู୙⬟࡟ࡼࡿࠊୡ⏺࡜ே࡜ࡢ㉳※ࡣᮏ㉁ⓗ࡟ྠ୍࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡢ᫬㛫࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡢ 3 ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋฟ∧㈨ᮏ୺⩏ࡢⓎ㐩࡟ࡼࡾࡇࢀࡽ 3 ࡘࡀ඲ࡃྂ࠸⪃࠼࡜ᡂࡾୗࡀࡾࠊேࠎࡢ⢭⚄ࢆᨭ㓄ࡍࡿ๭ྜࡀୗࡀࡗ
ࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ

5. ⌧ᅾࡢ᪥ᮏ࡛ࠕᅜẸព㆑ࠖࢆឤࡌࡿ஦౛ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡃ࡜ࠊᅜẸࡀ⮬ᅜẸࢆព㆑ࡍࡿࡢࡣ᪥ᖖ⏕ά࡟ᰁࡳΏ
ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ౛࠼ࡤ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡛⮬ᅜࡢ㑅ᡭࢆࠕ(༟⌫ࡢ⚟ཎ)ឡࡕࡷࢇࠖ
ࠕ(ࣇ࢕ࢠࣗ࢔ࢫࢣ࣮ࢺࡢὸ⏣)┿ኸࡕࡷࢇࠖ࡞࡝࡜ࠊࡲࡿ࡛㏆ࡃࡢ཭ேࡸぶᡉࢆ࿧ࡪ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ぶࡋࡳࢆᣢࡗ࡚࿧⛠ࡍࡿ⌮⏤ࡶࢃ࠿ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋᅜቃࢆ⮬↛࡜⬻ෆ࡛ព㆑ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡑࡢ୰࡟⏕ࡁࡿྠࡌே✀ࡢேࡓࡕࢆྠ⬊࡜ࡳ࡞ࡋࠊࡑࡢ
࠺ࡕࡢ௦⾲ࡦ࡜ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿᙼࡽࢆࠊࡑࢀࡀ௬࡟ᐇ㝿࡟఍ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࡞࠸ே࡛ࡶࠊ
ྠ⬊࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢព㆑࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁᅜ༢఩࡛ᛂ᥼ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ⌧ᅾ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ⮳ᴟᙜ↛ࡢࡇ࡜ࡔࠋ ࡇࡢ௚࡟ࡶࠊಶேⓗ࡟ࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ㌟㏆࡟ឤࡌࡿ᪥ᮏேࡢࠕᅜẸព㆑ࠖࢆ⾲ࡍ஦౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊCOOL JAPAN ࡟௦⾲ࡉࢀࡿ᪥ᮏᩥ໬ࡢ㍺ฟᨻ⟇࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᢏ⾡ࡸᩥ໬ࢆእᅜࡢே࡟⤂௓ࡍࡿ␒⤌ࡀከࡃぢཷࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋ᪥ᮏ௻ᴗࡢᢏ⾡ຊࢆእᅜே࡟ぢ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸〔ࡵ⛠࠼࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡶࡢ





61

ࡸࠊ᪥ᮏᩥ໬ࡢኚ࡞㒊ศࢆእᅜேほගᐈ࡟࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ㄪᰝࡋࠊ
⤂௓ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡞࡝ࡉࡲࡊࡲࡔࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢ␒⤌ࡀసࡽࢀࡸࡍ࠸ࡢࡣࠊ୍⯡ⓗ࡟᪥ᮏேࡀእᅜே࠿ࡽࡢぢࡽࢀ᪉ࡸእぢࢆẼ࡟ࡍࡿே✀࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ༢⣧࡟⪃࠼୍࡚ᅉ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ⚾ࡀぢࡓ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔࡛ࡇࢀ࡟࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ᪑㤋ࡣ㛗ᮇ⁫ᅾࢆࡍ
ࡿእᅜேほගᐈࡢ⁫ᅾ࡟ࡣ୙ྥࡁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊኪࡣᐷࡿ௨እ
࡟ፗᴦࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࠊẖ᪥ࡢ㇦⳹࡞㣗஦ࢆ୍㐌㛫௨ୖ㣗࡭⥆ࡅࡿ࡟ࡣ㣬ࡁࡀࡃࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡑࡢ㣗஦௦㔠ࡶྵࢇࡔᐟἩ౯᱁タᐃ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୙౽࡞ࡇ࡜
࡞࡝ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓグ஦࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⚾ࡀẼ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊእᅜࡢே࡟᪥ᮏᩥ
໬ࢆ▱ࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࢳࣕࣥࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚ὀ┠ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊእᅜேほගᐈࡀឤࡌ
ࡿ㐪࿴ឤࡸ୙౽ࡉ࡟╔┠ࡍࡿⅬࡔࠋ⮬ᅜࡢᩥ໬࡜ࡋ࡚⮬ಙࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࢆ
▱ࡽ࡞࠸ே࡟⤂௓ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ጼໃ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡣࡴࡋࢁࠊ࠸࠿࡟┦ᡭࡀ୙ទᛌ
࡞ᛮ࠸ࢆࡋ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺పጼໃ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࢆ᪥ᮏேࡢ≉ᛶ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡢ࡞ࡽヰࡣ⡆༢࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ⚾࡟ࡣࠕ㐣๫࡞࣍ࢫࣆࢱࣜࢸ࢕ࠖᚿྥ࡟ឤࡌࡿࠋ
௚ேࡀ࡝࠺ᛮ࠺࠿ࢆẼ࡟ࡋࡍࡂࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡼࡾᛌ㐺࡟ࡼࡾ෇⁥࡟㐍ࡵࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࠊ࠶ࡿ✀ಖᏲⓗ࡛⮬ಙࡢ࡞࠸⾜ື࡟ᛮ࠺ࠋࡴࡋࢁࠊእᅜࡢே࡟ኚࡔ࡜ᣦ
᦬ࡉࢀࡓ᪥ᮏᩥ໬ࢆࠊᏳ᫆࡟Ḣ⡿໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛Ᏻᚰឤࢆᚓࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ
࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺༴ᶵឤࡍࡽឤࡌࡿࠋ
6. ᪥ᮏࡢ㧗࠸⮬ẅ⋡ࡢせᅉ ࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜ࡘ⚾ࡀ᪥ᮏࡢᅜẸᛶࡀ⌧ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ஦౛࡜ࡋ᳨࡚ウࡋࡓ࠸ࡶࡢࡀ࠶
ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠕ⮬ẅ⋡ࡢ㧗ࡉ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏேࡢ⮬ẅ⋡ࡢ㧗ࡉ࡟ࡣ┠ࢆࡳࡣࡿࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ2016 ᖺ࡛ࡣ 21897 ே࡛ࠊ1 ᪥࠶ࡓࡾ⣙ 60 ேࡀ⮬ẅࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸
࠺ィ⟬ࡔࠋ10 ᖺ࡯࡝๓ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ࡣ 3 ୓ேࢆ㉸࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ㏆ᖺῶᑡഴྥ
࡟ࡣ࠶ࡿ࡜ឤࡌࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡶྠேཱྀẚ࡛ୡ⏺࡛ 6 ␒┠࡟ከ࠸ᅜࡀ᪥ᮏ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋࡑࡢཎᅉ࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏேࡢᅜẸᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃࠼ࡓࠋ ♫఍Ꮫ⪅࢚࣑࣮࣭ࣝࢹࣗࣝࢣ࣮࣒ࡢࠗ⮬ẅㄽ࠘࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ♫఍ࡢจ㞟ᛶࡀ⮬ẅ࡟኱ࡁࡃ㛵ࢃࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ࡜᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≉࡟⮬ᕫᮏ఩ⓗ⮬ẅࠊ㞟ᅋ࡜ࡢ⤖ࡧࡘࡁࡀᕼⷧ࡟࡞ࡾᏙ⊂ឤࡸ↔⇱ឤ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㉳ࡇࡿ⮬ẅࡢᙧែࡀྲྀࡾୖ
ࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㞟ᅋ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ⮬ぬ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊࡑࡇ࡟⤯ᮃࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࣉ
ࣟࢭࢫ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ㞟ᅋ࡬ࡢࢥ࣑ࢵࢺ࣓ࣥࢺࡀ㞴ࡋࡅࢀࡤ㞴ࡋ࠸࡯࡝Ꮩ⊂ឤࡸ↔⇱ឤࡀឤࡌࡽࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡣୖ᪼ࡍࡿࠋ ⚾ࡣ᪥ᮏࡢ㞟ᅋព㆑࡟ࡣࠕ⮬ᕫᮏ఩ⓗ⮬ẅࠖ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ࠺ࡿせᅉࡀከᩘᏑ
ᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶ⚾ࡀࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡶࡢࡢ୍
ࡘࡣࠊࠕឡࡼࡾࡶ࿴ࢆ㔜ࢇࡌࡿព㆑࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏ࡟≉ᚩⓗ࡞ࠕ⮬ẅ⋡ࡢ㧗ࡉࠖࡢ᰿ᗏࡢཎᅉࡣᅜẸᛶ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡓୖ࡛ࠊࡑࡢ≉ᚩ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚஭ἑඖᙪࡢࠗୡ


62



⏺ࡢࠕ᐀ᩍ࡜ᡓதࠖㅮᗙ࠘࡟࠾࠸࡚ศᯒࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣ᐀ᩍࢆ῝ࡃಙ௮ࡍࡿேࡣᑡ࡞ࡃࠊࡴࡋࢁ࠾ᑎ࡟ࡶ⚄♫࡟ࡶཧᣏࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࢡࣜࢫ࣐ࢫࢆ⚃࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ᐙ᪘ࡣከ࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡣ↓ಙ௮⪅࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࠊ≉ᐃࡢ⪃࠼ࢆ୍ࡘ㑅ࢇ࡛ಙ௮ࡍࡿࠊ࡜࠸࠺ᩥ໬ࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟㚷ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊࠕඵⓒ୓ࡢ⚄ࠖࢆಙࡌ࡞ࡀࡽࡑࢀ࡛ࡶ♫఍࡟ཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࣂࢵࢡࢢࣛ࢘ࣥࢻࡀ
࠶ࡿ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣࠊ᐀ᩍᩥ໬࡬ࡢᛮ࠸ࡀⷧ࠸ศࠊ♫఍ࡢ୰࡟ࡣ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ඹྠయ
ࡀ⤌ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ฟ࡚ࡃࡿ⪃࠼᪉ࡀࠕ࿴࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ࿘ᅖࡢᛮ⪃ࡀ඲ࡃ␗࡞ࡿேࡓࡕ࡜఍ヰࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ඲యࡢ㞺ᅖẼࢆࠕ✵Ẽࢆㄞࡴࠖࡇ࡜
ࡀከ࠸ࠋ⮬ศ࡜௚ேࡢពぢࢆྜࢃࡏ࡚࠺ࡲࡃᢡࡾྜ࠸ࢆࡘࡅࠊ᫬࡟ࡣ㞟ᅋࡢ࣮ࣝࣝ࡟ᚑ࠺࡞࡝ࡋ࡚࠺ࡲࡃᡂ❧ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ㞟ྜయ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋၥ㢟Ⅼࡣࠊ⮬㌟
ࡢ౯್ほ࡛ឡࡍࡿ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡓࡶࡢࢆࠊ㞟ᅋ࡟ᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ឡࡍࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺Ⅼࡔࠋලయ౛ࢆ࠶ࡆࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ
ࠕᙺ⪅ࡣぶࡢṚ࡟┠࡟఍࠼࡞࠸ࠖ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋぶࡢయㄪᝏ໬࡞࡝ࡢሗ࿌ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࡇࡢ
ឡࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ⮬ศࡢ௙஦ࡣ஧ࡢḟ࡛ᵝᏊࢆぢ࡟⾜ࡃ࡞࡝ࡢᑐᛂ
ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠕぶࡢṚ࡟┠࡛ࠖࡉ࠼ࡶ⮬ศࡢ௙஦ࡸ♫఍࡛ࡢᙺ๭ࢆ㔜せどࡍࡿ࡜ࡍࢀࡤࠊࡑࢀࡣ⮬ศࡀᒓࡍࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕࡛ࡢࠕ⨾ᚨࠖࢆ㏣࠸
࠿ࡅࡓࡺ࠼ࡢุ᩿࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ⮬ศ 1 ேࡀ⿕ࡿ୙ᖾࡼࡾࡶࠊ⮬ศࡀḞࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡛సရ࡟ཬࡰࡉࢀࡿ୙ᖾࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡜ุ᩿ࡋࠊ㞟ᅋ࡛ࡢ⨾ᚨ
ࢆ㏣࠸ồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝࡗ࡚ࡶ㛫㐪࠸࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࡢ౛ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㞟ᅋ
࡛ࡢ౯್ほࢆಶே࡟ࡶ㈇ࢃࡏ࡚඲యࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠕ࿴ࠖࡢព㆑ࡀ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㔜せどࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ឤࡌࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࠕឡࡼࡾࡶ࿴ࢆ㔜ࢇࡌࡿࠖព㆑ࡣࠊ⪃࠼ࡼ࠺࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣಶேࢆ኱ࡁࡃ
ⱞࡋࡵࡿࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋḢ⡿ே㔝⌫㑅ᡭࡢࠕጔࡢฟ⏘ࠖ᫬࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ
ᙼࡀ኱஦࡞ヨྜࢆ㞳ࢀ࡚ࡶࡑࡢ㑅ᡭࡀ㠀㞴ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ୍᪉
࡛᪥ᮏே㔝⌫㑅ᡭࡀࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞⚾᝟࡛ヨྜࢆ㞳ࢀࠊ኱஦࡞ヨྜࡢᡓຊ࡜ࡋ࡚
ᙺ࡟❧ࡓ࡞࠸࡜ࡍࢀࡤࠊୡ㛫ࡢࣂࢵࢩࣥࢢࡀ㉳ࡇࡾ࠺ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ᝿ീ࡛
ࡁࡿࠋࡇࡢ≧ἣࡀ⮬ศࡢ౯್ほ࡜୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜ࡍࢀࡤࠊࡑࢀࡣࠕ⮬ᕫᮏ఩ⓗ⮬ẅࠖ࡬ࡢᯫࡅᶫ࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
7. ࡲ࡜ࡵ ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ሙ㠃࡛ᡃࠎࡣࠕᅜẸព㆑ࠖ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ
≉ᚩⓗ࡞౯್ุ᩿ࡸཷࡅ⟅࠼ࢆ↓ព㆑࡟⾜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟Ẽ࡙ࡃࠋ୍ࡘࡢ
ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡸ⌧㇟ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ㝿࡟ࠊே✀ࢆព㆑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡑࡢࣂࢵࢡ
࡟ࡣᡃࠎࡢሙྜࡣᖖ࡟ࠕ᪥ᮏேࠖ࡜࠸࠺㞟ᅋ࡟ᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺஦ᐇࡀᏑᅾ
ࡍࡿࠋព㆑ࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿ࡣಶே࡟ࡼࡿࡀࠊḢᕞࡢேࠎ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊᡃࠎࡣ࠸࠿࡟᪥ᖖ⏕ά࡛ᅜቃࡸ௚ᅜࢆព㆑ࡋ࡟ࡃ࠸࠿ࡀࡼࡃศ࠿ࡿࠋ





63

࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛᅜࡢྎ㢌ࡸ໭ᮅ㩭ࡢ᰾㛤Ⓨ࡞࡝ࠊ࠸ࡘࡲ࡛ࡶᑐᓊࡢⅆ஦࡜࠸࠺ࢃࡅ
࡟ࡣ࠸࠿࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊḢᕞㅖᅜࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ษᐇ࡟ឤࡌ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋᾏࢆᣳࢇ࡛
࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ࠊேࡸࣔࣀࡢ⛣ືࡣࡲࡍࡲࡍᐜ᫆࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡢࡈ᫬ୡ
࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᚰ⌮ⓗ࡞ࠕᅜቃࠖࢆྲྀࡾ㝖࠸࡚ࠊవィ࡞ࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࡢ࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ぢゎࢆᣢࡘᚲせࡣ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᛮ࠼ࡿࠋ
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩࣭URL ୍ぴ࣋ࢿࢹ࢕ࢡࢺ࣭࢔ࣥࢲ࣮ࢯࣥ(1987)ࠗ᝿ീࡢඹྠయ̿ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ㉳※࡜ὶ⾜࠘(ⓑ▼㝯࣭ⓑ▼ࡉࡸヂ)ࣜࣈ࣮ࣟ࣎ࢺ.
࢚࣑࣮࣭ࣝࢹࣗࣝࢣ࣮࣒(1985)ࠗ⮬ẅㄽ࠘(ᐑᓥႛヂ) ୰ኸබㄽ♫.
஭ἑඖᙪ(2011)ࠗୡ⏺ࡢࠕ᐀ᩍ࡜ᡓதࠖㅮᗙ࠘ᚨ㛫ᩥᗜࠕ᪥ᮏࡢ⮬ẅ⋡ࡣୡ⏺࡛࣮࣡ࢫࢺ㸴఩ࠊ≉࡟ዪᛶࡣ࣮࣡ࢫࢺ㸱఩ࠖ ⏘⤒ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ 2017/5/30(http://www.sankei.com/life/news/170530/lif1705300035-n1.html) 㸦᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥㸸2017 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 11 ᪥㸧ࠕᖹᡂ 28 ᖺ୰࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⮬ẅࡢ≧ἣ ࠖཌ⏕ປാ┬⮬ẅᑐ⟇᥎㐍ᐊ࣭㆙ᐹᗇ⏕άᏳ඲ᒁ⏕άᏳ඲௻⏬ㄢ 2017/3/23(https://www.npa.go.jp/safetylife/seianki/jisatsu/H28/H28_jisatunojoukyou_01.pdf)
㸦᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥㸸2017 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 11 ᪥㸧እᅜேࡀᚰᗏ࢞ࢵ࢝ࣜࡍࡿ㺀᪥ᮏࡢ᪑㤋஦᝟㺁 㺀5 ࡘࡢ኱ၥ㢟㺁ࡀእᅜேࢆ㐲ࡊࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ ᮾὒ⤒῭࢜ࣥࣛ࢖ࣥ(2017/07/14)
(http://toyokeizai.net/articles/-/180391) 㸦᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥㸸2017 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 11 ᪥㸧


64



࢔࣓ࣜ࢝㞳⬺ᚋࡢࣃࣜ༠ᐃ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ EU ࡢᙺ๭ዟ⏣ ㎮ဢ

1. ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
௒ᖺࡢ 6 ᭶ࠊࢺࣛࣥࣉᨻᶒࡀࣃࣜ༠ᐃ࠿ࡽࡢ㞳⬺ࢆ⾲᫂ࡋࡓࠋึࡢ඲ဨཧ
ຍࢆ኎ࡾ࡟ࡋࡓࣃࣜ༠ᐃࡀ኱ࡁࡃᦂࡽ࠸ࡔฟ᮶஦ࡔࡗࡓࠋி㒔㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ㝿࡟ࡶ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀཧຍࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ┠ᶆ㐩ᡂࡢᐇຠᛶ࡟␲ၥࢆ⏕ࡎࡿࡁࡗ࠿ࡅ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ௒ᅇࡢࣃࣜ༠ᐃࡣࠊி㒔㆟ᐃ᭩࡜㐪࠸ࠊⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜ
ࡶᕳࡁ㎸ࢇࡔ༠ᐃ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶ┠ᶆ㐩ᡂࡢࡓࡵ࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢṧ␃ࡔࡅࡀ㔜せ࡜࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜ࡜࠸࠺᪂ࡓ࡞࢔ࢡࢱ࣮ࡶຍࢃࢀࡤࠊࡑ
ࡢ┠ᶆࡣỴࡋ࡚୙ྍ⬟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠊⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜ࡞ࡽ࡛ࡣࡢ㞴ࡋࡉࡶ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ㈨ᮏࡸᢏ⾡ⓗ࡞ၥ㢟ࡣ౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚ṧࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࣃࣜ༠ᐃࡢ௒ᚋࡢ
ㄢ㢟࡜ࡣࠊࠕ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᢤࡁ࡛ࠊ࡝࠺Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿ࠊ࡝࠺
ࣃࣜ༠ᐃࡢព⩏ࢆド᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ௨ୖࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊ
ᮏ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ࡛ࡣࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝㞳⬺ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊEU ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࣃ
ࣜ༠ᐃෆ࡛᣺ࡿ⯙ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࡭ࡁ࠿ࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋㄽ᪨ࡢᒎ㛤ࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊ➨ 1 ❶࡛ࠊࣃࣜ༠ᐃࡢᴫせ࡜ᛶ᱁ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ⥆ࡃ 2 ❶࡛ࡣࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢࣃࣜ༠ᐃ㞳⬺ࡀࠊ㞳⬺ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓሙྜ࡜ẚ࡭࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞฼Ⅼࠊၥ
㢟Ⅼࢆᣢࡕᚓࡿ࠿ࢆ᥈ࡿࠋ᭱ᚋࡢ➨ 3 ❶࡛ࠊEU ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᢸ࠺࡭ࡁ
࠿ࢆ⪃ᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ
2. ࣃࣜ༠ᐃࡢᴫせ࡜ࡑࡢᛶ᱁
ࡲࡎࣃࣜ༠ᐃ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⡆༢࡟ㄝ᫂ࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋ⎔ቃ┬࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊࣃࣜ༠
ᐃ࡜ࡣࠕᅜ㐃Ẽೃኚືᯟ⤌᮲⣙➨㸰㸯ᅇ⥾⣙ᅜ఍㆟㸦COP21㸧࡛᥇ᢥࡉࢀࡓࠊ
⎔ቃ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᪂ࡓ࡞ᯟ⤌ࡳࠖ࡜ࡲ࡜ࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢලయⓗ┠ᶆࡣࠊࠕୡ⏺ⓗ࡞ᖹᆒẼ ୖ᪼ࢆ⏘ᴗ㠉࿨௨๓࡟ẚ࡭࡚㸰Υࡼࡾ༑ศపࡃಖࡘ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ1.5Υ
࡟ᢚ࠼ࡿດຊࢆ㏣ồࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ㐺ᛂ⬟ຊࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ㈨㔠ࡢὶࢀࢆప
᤼ฟ࡛Ẽೃ࡟ᙉ㠎࡞Ⓨᒎ࡟ྥࡅࡓ㐨➽࡟㐺ྜࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜➼࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊẼೃኚືࡢ⬣ጾ࡬ࡢୡ⏺ⓗ࡞ᑐᛂࢆᙉ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠖࠊ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ┠ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂࡍ࡭ࡃࠊᵝࠎ࡞ྲྀࡾỴࡵࡀᐃࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ≉࡟ࣃࣜ༠ᐃ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᭱኱ࡢ≉ᚩࡣࠊⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡢཧຍ࡟࠶ࡿࠋ ࡞ࡐࠊ⎔ቃᨻ⟇࡟࠾࠸࡚Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡢཧຍࡀ㔜せ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠋ୍ࡘ࡟ࠊⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡢ஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲᤼ฟ㔞ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅗ 1 ࡣ 2014ᖺࡢྛᅜࡢ CO2 ᤼ฟ㔞ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ୰ᅜ࡜࢖ࣥࢻࡔࡅ࡛⥲





65

㔞ࡢ㸯/3 ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᑗ᮶ⓗ࡟ࡶࡑࡢഴྥࡣᙉࡲࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ࠕ2011
ᖺ࠿ࡽ 2050 ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢ୍ḟ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᾘ㈝ࡣ 88 ൨ࢺࣥᣑ኱ࡍࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ
ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ 78 ൨ࢺࣥࡀ㠀 OECD ㅖᅜ࠿ࡽ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
ࠋẼೃኚືࡢཎᅉࢆࡣ
ࡌࡵ࡟సࡾฟࡋࡓࡢࡣඛ㐍ᅜ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ࠊ௒ࡸࡑࡢཎᅉࢆసࡾฟࡍ୺యࡀⓎᒎ
㏵ୖᅜ࡟࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ௨ୖࠊⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡶᕳࡁࡇࢇࡔᯟ⤌ࡳࡀᚲ㡲࡜࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᯟ⤌ࡳ࡟ຍࢃࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࡓࡵࡽ࠺㏵ୖᅜࡶከ࠿
ࡗࡓࠋࠕⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜഃ࠿ࡽࡍࢀࡤࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ඛ㐍ㅖᅜࡣ⮬↛⎔ቃࢆ◚ቯࡋ⤒῭Ⓨᒎࢆ㐙ࡆ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡟ࠊ௒ᗘࡣⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡀ⎔ቃၥ㢟ࡼࡾࡶ⤒῭Ⓨᒎࢆඃඛࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢఱࡀᝏ࠸ࡢ࠿ࠊ࡜࠸࠺୙බᖹࢆᙉࡃឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ
ࠋࡲࡓඛ㐍ᅜഃࡶࡑࡇ࡟ጇ༠ࡋ࡚ࠊ
ࠕி㒔㆟ᐃ᭩࡛ࡣඛ㐍ᅜࡢࡳ࡟๐ῶ⩏ົࢆㄢࡍࠖ࡞
࡝ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⎔ቃᯟ⤌ࡳ࡛ࡣⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࢆᕳࡁ㎸ࡴࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗ
ࡓࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠊࣃࣜ༠ᐃࡣࠕࡍ࡭࡚ࡢᅜࡀ⮬ᅜ࡛సᡂࡋࡓ┠ᶆࢆᥦฟࡋࠊࡑࡢ
㐩ᡂࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᥐ⨨ࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⩏ົ࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
ࠋࡲࡓࠕ196 ࠿ᅜ㸦᥇ᢥᙜ᫬㸧࣭ࠖᆅᇦࡀྐୖึࡵ࡚ ᬮ໬㜵Ṇ࡟࡜ࡶ࡟ດࡵࡿ࡜⣙᮰ࠖࡋࡓྜព࡛ࡶ
࠶ࡿࠋࠕྛᅜࡢ๐ῶ⩏ົ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ἲⓗᣊ᮰ຊࡣ↓࠸ࠖࡶࡢࡢࠊ⎔ቃಖㆤྐ࡟↷ࡽࡋ࡚ࡶ㔜せ࡞ព࿡ࢆᣢࡘ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋᚋࡢ❶࡛ࡣࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ⬺ࣃࣜ༠ᐃᚋࡢ EU ࡢᙺ๭ࢆ⪃ᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ
3. ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ㞳⬺࡟ࡼࡿᙳ㡪௒ᖺࡢ 6 ᭶࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜࡣࣃࣜ༠ᐃ࠿ࡽࡢ㞳⬺ࢆ⾲᫂ࡋࡓࠋ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ
ศ㔝࡛ᙳ㡪ຊࢆᣢࡘ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜࡀ㞳⬺ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᙜ↛ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ⏕ࡴࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜᢤࡁࡢࣃࣜ༠ᐃࡢ฼Ⅼࠊၥ㢟Ⅼࢆ⪃ᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋ
ࡲࡎࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ࠸࡞࠸ࣃࣜ༠ᐃࡢ฼ⅬࡣࠊEU ࡀ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜ࡟௦ࢃࡾ
༠ᐃࢆ⋡ඛ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜࡀࣃࣜ༠ᐃࡢ௒ᚋࡢ஺΅ࡢሙ࡟࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊࡑࢀࡔࡅពぢࡀᑐ❧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㑊ࡅࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࡽࡔࠋ
࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ᅜ❧኱Ꮫࡢ Luke Kemp Ặ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ
ࠕ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜࡀࣃࣜ༠
ᐃ࡟ධࢀࡤࠊࡑࡢヰࡋྜ࠸ࡢሙ࡛᪉㔪࡟ᑐࡍࡿᣄྰᶒࢆ⾜౑ࡋࡓࡾࠊ⮬㌟࡟
᭷฼࡞ࡼ࠺࡟㐠ࡰ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊヰࡋྜ࠸ࡢ㑧㨱࡟࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ
ࠋ௬࡟ࢺࣛࣥࣉᨻᶒࡀࣃࣜ༠ᐃ࡟ධࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ᪤ᡂࡢ⏘ᴗࢆ≛≅࡟ࡍࡿ⎔ቃᨻ⟇࡟ᚋࢁྥࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡣኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠊEUࠊ≉࡟ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ
ඛ㐍ᅜࡣࠊ⎔ቃಖ඲ࡢࡓࡵࡢ⏘ᴗኚ໬ࡶࡓࡵࡽࢃ࡞࠸ࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓጼໃࡢ㐪࠸ࡀࠊ༠ᐃෆࡢ᪉㔪ࡢ㣗࠸㐪࠸࡜࡞ࡾࠊ⤖ᒁ᪂ࡋ࠸᪉㔪ࡸ┠ᶆࡀ㐍ᒎࡉࢀ࡞ࡅ
ࢀࡤࠊ༠ᐃࡢព⩏ࡣῶࡿࠋࡴࡋࢁࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀᢤࡅࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࠊEU ࡣ⎔ቃࢆ୺ᑟࡍࡿඛ㐍ᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚▩┪࡞ࡃ༠ᐃࢆ⋡ඛ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ


66



ࡲࡓࠊ୰ᅜ࡜ࡢ༠ㄪࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡓࡢࡶࠊEU ୺ᑟ࡟୍ᙺ㈙࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
EU ࡜୰ᅜࡣࠊࠕ⡿༠ᐃ㞳⬺ࡢ⾲᫂ࢆཷࡅ࡚ ᬮ໬ᑐ⟇ࡀ⁻ὶࡍࡿࣜࢫࢡࡀ㧗ࡲࡿ࡞࠿࡛ࠊୡ⏺ࡢࡅࢇᘬᙺࢆᢸ࠺ጼໃࠖࢆぢࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣃࣜ༠ᐃ࡜࠸࠺㈐௵ࢆᨺᲠࡋࡓ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜ᑐ↷ⓗ࡟ࠊࠕࠗ㈐௵࠶ࡿ኱ᅜ࠘ࡢ༳㇟࡙ࡅࢆ≺࠺୰ᅜ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ᱁ዲࡢᶵ఍࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽࡔࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾࠊEU ࡣ஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲᤼ฟ㔞➨୍఩ࡢᅜ࡜༠ຊࢆ⣙᮰ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀࠕ஧ᅜ㛫ࡢ⎔ቃಖㆤᨻ⟇࡟⧅ࡀࢀࡤࠊ ᬮ໬㜵Ṇࡢ኱ࡁ࡞୍Ṍ࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠖࡋࠊࡶࡋࡑࢀࡀྔࢃࡎ
࡜ࡶࠊEU ࡀ ᬮ໬㜵Ṇࡢ᪝ᡭ࡜࡞ࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣ㧗ࡲࡿࠋ
᫖௒ࠊEU ෆࡢඛ㐍ㅖᅜࡣࠊ⎔ቃ㓄៖ᆺࠊᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞♫఍ࡢ࣮ࣟࣝࣔࢹࣝ࡜
࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ♫఍ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡸᢏ⾡ࡀⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜ࡬ᣑ኱ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
⌮᝿ࡔࡀࠊࡲࡉ࡟ EU ୺ᑟࡢࣃࣜ༠ᐃࡣࡑࢀࢆᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡿሙ࡜࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸
࠿࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ୍᪉࡛ḞⅬࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋ୍ࡘ┠࡟ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀ㞳⬺ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ඲ဨཧຍ
ࡀᐇ⌧ࡉࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡔࠋෑ㢌࡛ࡶ㏙࡭ࡓࡀࠊ௒ᅇࡢ༠ᐃࡣ࠶
ࡽࡺࡿᅜࡢཧຍ⮬యࡀࡑࡢព⩏࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛ࠊ᤼ฟ㔞ࡢከ࠸ඛ㐍ᅜࡀ㞳⬺ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ༠ᐃࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡸಙ⏝ࢆᦆ࡞࠺༴㝤ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ஧ࡘ┠࡟ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࠿ࡽࡢᣐฟ㔠ࡀῶࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣃࣜ༠ᐃ࡜
୪⾜ࡋ࡚᥎㐍ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚⥳ࡢẼೃᇶ㔠ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ⥳ࡢẼೃᇶ㔠࡜ࡣࠊ
ࠕ㏵ୖᅜࡢ ᬮ໬࢞ࢫࡢ᤼ฟ๐ῶࡸࠊ ᬮ໬࡟ࡼࡿ⿕ᐖ㍍ῶࢆᨭ᥼ࡍࡿ┠ⓗ࡛ࠊඛ㐍ᅜࡀ㏵ୖᅜ࡟ᡭཌ࠸㈨㔠ᨭ᥼ࢆࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ
ࠕᬮ໬࢞ࢫࡢ᤼ฟつᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ๐ῶࡉࢀࡿ࡜⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡀ㜼ᐖࡉࢀࡿࠊ࡜࠸࠺᪂
⯆ᅜࡢᠱᛕࢆᡶᣔࡋࠊ ᬮ໬㜵Ṇࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡟ཧຍࡋࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ௒ᚋࡢ ᬮ໬㜵Ṇࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠕཎᏊຊⓎ㟁ࠊ෌⏕ྍ⬟࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࠊ
CCSࠊ⵳㟁ụࠊࡑࡢ௚ࡢ┬࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᢏ⾡➼ࡢྛศ㔝࡟࠾࠸࡚᭦࡞ࡿ◊✲㛤Ⓨᢞ㈨ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ㠉᪂ⓗ࡞ᢏ⾡ࡢࣈࣞ࢖ࢡࢫ࣮ࣝࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠖ
࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ᪂ᢏ⾡ࡢᑟධࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡶ㈨㔠ࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ
⌮⏤࠿ࡽࠊⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡢ ᬮ໬㜵Ṇ࡟ከ኱࡞ࢥࢫࢺࡀ࠿࠿ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ
࡚ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣࠕ᭱኱ᣐฟᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ 30 ൨ᣐฟࡍࡿࠖࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡔࠋࡋ࠿
ࡋࠊࣃࣜ༠ᐃ㞳⬺࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊࠕᮍᡶ࠸ࡢ 20 ൨ࡢᣐฟࢆᣄྰࠖ࡟⮳ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽ
࡟ᝏ࠸ࡇ࡜࡟ࠊࡶࡋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀᣐฟࡋࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ༑ศ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡣ␲ࢃࡋ࠸ࠋ
ᐇ㝿ࠊࠕᅜ㐃ࡣ 100 ൨ࢻࣝࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ᪂⯆࣭㏵ୖᅜഃࡣ 150 ൨ࢻ
ࣝࡢつᶍࡀᚲせ࡜୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀᣐฟࢆᣄྰࡋ
ࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋࡓࡔ࡛ࡉ࠼㊊ࡾ࡞࠸࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ᣐฟ㔠ࡢከࡃࡀᡶࢃࢀࡎࠊ
୍᪉࡛ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᣐฟ㔠ࡣࠊ஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲᤼ฟࡢ୺య࡜࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ㏵ୖᅜࡢ⎔ቃᨻ⟇ࡢᐇຠᛶࢆ኱ࡁࡃᦆ࡞࠺࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟ࡣࠊ௒ࡍࡄ࡟ᯟ⤌ࡳ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿせ⣲ࡣぢࡽࢀ





67

࡞࠸ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᬒẼ࡞࡝ࡀᝏ໬ࡋࡓሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊᙉ
࠸ᙳ㡪ࢆᣢࡘ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ⏘ᴗᵓ㐀ࡢኚ໬ࡸ᪂ᢏ⾡ࡢᑟධࢆక࠺⎔ቃᨻ⟇
ࡣࠊࡑࡢ㈇ᢸࡶ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋ㏵ୖᅜࡀࡑࡢ㈇ᢸࢆᨭ࠼ࡁࢀࡎࠊ⤒῭Ⓨᒎࢆඃඛࡍ
ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ㝿࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀࡍ࡛࡟ᢤࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺஦ᐇࡀࠊ࡯࠿
ࡢᅜࡢ㞳⬺ࢆᣍ࠸࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᢤࡁࡢࣃࣜ༠ᐃ࡟
ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ୙Ᏻせ⣲ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡶ㛫㐪࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
4. EU ࡢ⎔ቃ࡟ᑐࡍࡿែᗘ ࡛ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≧ἣ࡟࠾࠸࡚ EU ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞❧ሙࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࡭ࡁࡔࢁ࠺
࠿ࠋ᭱ࡶ኱஦࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ⎔ቃ㓄៖ᆺ♫఍ࡢ࣮ࣟࣝࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚ᡂຌࢆ཰ࡵ⥆ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ௒ࡸ⎔ቃࡢ኱ษࡉࡣ࡝ࡢᅜ࡛ࡶㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋḟ࡟㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣࠊࡑࡢ౯್ほࢆ⎔ቃಖㆤࠊ ᬮ໬㜵Ṇ࡜࠸ࡗࡓලయⓗ࡞ᡂᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐇ
⌧࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ᐇ㝿ࠊࡑࡇ࡟᭱ࡶ㏆࠸ࡢࡣḢᕞㅖᅜ࡛࠶ࢁ
࠺ࠋࡲࡎࡇࡢ EU ࡢ⎔ቃ࡟ᑐࡍࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋࠕEU ࡣ 1970 ᖺ௦࠿ࡽࠊ
⎔ቃᨻ⟇ࡢ୺せ࡞ඃඛ஦㡯࡜┠ⓗࢆࠗ⎔ቃ⾜ືィ⏬࠘࡜ࡋ࡚♧ࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⾜ືィ⏬ࡣලయⓗ࡞ EU ἲ࡞࡝ලయⓗྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡟཯ᫎࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ ᬮ໬㜵Ṇ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⮬ື㌴࡬ࡢ⇞㈝つไࡀ୍౛࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ௙⤌ࡳࡣࠊ
ࠕEUᇦෆ୍࡛ᐃᩘ௨ୖࡢ⮬ື㌴㈍኎ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࣓࣮࣮࢝ࡣࠊ࠶ࡿ㒔ᕷ࡟㈍኎ࡋࡓ඲
࡚ࡢ㌴୧ࡢ CO2 ᤼ฟ㔞ࢆຍ㔜ᖹᆒࡋࠊࡑࡢ್ࡀつไ್ࢆୗᅇࡗ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ
⨩㔠ࢆᨭᡶ࠺ࠖࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡔࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࠕ2014 ᖺࡢ඲࣓࣮࣮࢝ࡢ஌⏝㌴ࡢᖹ
ᆒ᤼ฟ㔞ࡀつไࢆࢡࣜ࢔ࠖࡋࡓࡀࠊ
ࠕ2019 ᖺ௨㝆ࡣ᪂ࡋ࠸ᇶ‽್࡬࡜つไࡀᙉ໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࠖࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓཝࡋ࠸つไ࡟㐺ᛂࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊEU ඛ㐍ㅖᅜ࡛ࡣ⎔ቃ㓄៖ᆺ♫఍ࡀᚎࠎ࡟సࡽࢀጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢻ࢖ࢶ࡛ࡣࠊ
ࠕEV ࡢ◊✲ࠊ㛤Ⓨࠊᕷሙᩚഛࠊᕷሙᑟධࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓ࢚ࠗࣞࢡࢺࣜࢵࢡ࣭ࣔࣅࣜࢸ
࢕ᅜᐙ㛤Ⓨィ⏬࠘ࠖࢆ㆟Ỵࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡛ࡣࠊ
ࠕపබᐖ㌴㉎ධ࡬ࡢ࢚ࢥ
࣮࣎ࢼࢫไᗘࠗ࣎ࢽࣗࢫ࣭࣐ࣜࣗࢫ࠘ࠖࢆᑟධࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡇ᭱㏆ࡣࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ
࢝ࡸ୰ᅜ࡛ࡶ࢚ࢥ࣮࢝ᕷሙࡀఙࡧࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡸࡣࡾ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡀࡑࢀࡽࡢ
ᅜ࡜㐪࠺࡜ࡇࢁࡣࠊ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᕷሙ࡟ࡶࡳࡽࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࠕࠗẼೃኚື࣭࢚ࢿ
ࣝࢠ࣮ᨻ⟇ࣃࢵࢣ࣮ࢪ࡛࠘ࡣࠊ᭱⤊࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᾘ㈝࡟࠾ࡅࡿ෌⏕ྍ⬟࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢẚ⋡ࢆ EU ඲య࡛㸰㸮㸣ࡲ࡛㧗ࡵࡿࠖࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᶆ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ
ࠕࠗᅜᐙ෌⏕ྍ⬟࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮⾜ືィ⏬࠘ࢆḢᕞጤဨ఍࡟ᥦฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶࠊྛᅜ࡟⩏ົ௜ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡶ࠶ࡾࠊEU ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ෌⏕ྍ⬟࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮
Ⓨ㟁㔞ண ࡣࠊᅗ 2 ࡟ࡶࡳࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ୖྥࡁഴྥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊEU ࡣ඲య࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡓࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᵓᡂᅜ༢఩࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ✚ᴟⓗ࡟⎔ቃᨻ⟇ࢆᐇ⾜ࡋࠊᐇ㝿࡟ᡂᯝࢆฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᡂᯝࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ึࡵ࡚ࠊ༠ᐃ࡟ཧຍࡋࡓⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡶࡑࡢᐇ⌧ᛶࡸ฼Ⅼࢆ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿ


68



ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㏫࡟ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᡂᯝࡀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣࠊࣃࣜ༠ᐃ⮬యࡢᐇຠᛶ࡟␲ၥࡀ
⏕ࡌࠊᙧ㧁໬ࡋ࠿ࡡ࡞࠸ࠋEU ࡣࠊࣃࣜ༠ᐃࡀ࠸࠿࡟⎔ቃ⥔ᣢࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡜ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿ࠿ࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࠊ࠿ࡘࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⎔ቃ㓄៖ᆺࡢ♫఍ࢆసࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿
ࢆ♧ࡍ࣮ࣟࣝࣔࢹࣝ࡜࡞ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡢᙺ๭ࡣࠊ㏆ᖺ⎔ቃᚿྥࡢᙉࡲ
ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡸࠊ࠸ࡲࡔ⮬ᅜࡢ⏘ᴗࢆ≛≅࡟ࡣࡋࡁࢀ࡞࠸୰ᅜ࡜ࡣ㐪࠸ࠊ
EUࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡔࡅࡀᯝࡓࡋ࠺ࡿᙺ๭࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ஧ࡘ┠࡟ࠊ࡯࠿ࡢⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡢ᥼ຓࡶ EU ࡀ⋡ඛࡋ࡚⾜࠺࡭ࡁㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋඛ࡟ࡶ㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡀ ᬮ໬㜵Ṇࢆᐇ⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊඛ㐍ᅜ࠿ࡽࡢ㈨㔠᥼ຓࡀḞ࠿ࡏ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀᣐฟ
㔠ࡢᥦ౪ࢆ᩿ࡗࡓ௒ࠊ㈨㔠᥼ຓࢆ࡛ࡁࡿᩘᑡ࡞࠸࢔ࢡࢱ࣮ࡀ EU ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ
࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᑡࡋ࡛ࡶⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡢ ᬮ໬㜵Ṇᨻ⟇ࡀࠊලయⓗ࡞ᡂᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚⌧ࢀࢀࡤࠊࣃࣜ༠ᐃ⮬యࡢಙ㢗ࡀಖࡓࢀࡿࠋࡑ࠺࡞ࢀࡤࠊୡ⏺඲య࡛ࡶ⎔ቃ㓄៖ᆺ♫఍࡬ࡢ㐺ᛂࠊᢞ㈨ࡀ㐍ࡴ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡀᡂຌࡍࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ௚ࡢⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡢ࢖ࣥࢭࣥࢸ࢕ࣈ࡟ࡶ࡞ࡾᚓࡿࠋ⌧≧࡛ࡣࠊ⤒῭ᡂ㛗࡜⎔ቃಖㆤࡀࢺ࣮ࣞࢻ࢜ࣇ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡀࡕ࡛ࠊᬒẼኚືࡢ㝿࡟ࡣ┿ࡗඛ࡟⎔ቃᨻ⟇ࡀᤞ࡚ࡽࢀࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ⥳ࡢẼೃᇶ㔠࡜࠸ࡗࡓ᥼ຓ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ⤒῭ᡂ㛗࡜ᬮ໬㜵Ṇࡀ୧❧࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀ⥔ᣢ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࠊ༠ᐃࡢ┠ᣦࡍࠊẼೃኚືࡢṑṆࡵࡶࡼࡾᐇ⌧ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
5. ࠾ࢃࡾ࡟ ௨ୖࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᢤࡅࡓࣃࣜ༠ᐃ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣ༠ᐃࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢ᭷ຠᛶࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ⌧ᅾ஧㓟໬
Ⅳ⣲᤼ฟࡢ୺య࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜ࡛ࡢᡂᯝࡀ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ
࡟ࡣࠊᢏ⾡㠃ࠊ㈨ᮏ㠃࡛⥅⥆ⓗ࡟ᨭ᥼࡛ࡁࡿ࢔ࢡࢱ࣮ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡉ࡟
EU ࡀࡑࢀࢆᢸ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ⎔ቃಖㆤ࡜࠸࠺౯್ほࡀඹ᭷ࡉࢀࡓ௒ࡇࡑࠊ
ࡑࢀࢆᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡿ࣮ࣟࣝࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ EU ࡀ㔜ᐆࡉࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ





69

ᅗ୍ぴ
ᅗ㸯㸸ୡ⏺ࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㉳※ CO2 ᤼ฟ㔞ࠕୡ⏺ࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㉳※ CO2 ᤼ฟ㔞ࠖ p.1
IEAࠕCO2 EMISSIONS FROM FUEL COMBUSTIONࠖ 2016 EDITION ࢆඖ࡟⎔ቃ┬సᡂ
http://www.env.go.jp/earth/ondanka/cop/co2_emission_2014.pdf
᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥㸸2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥
ᅗ 2㸸෌⏕ྍ⬟࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢⓎ㟁㔞ண๓ᥖ 24 p.4
JETRO ࡀḢᕞጤဨ఍ᩥ᭩࠾ࡼࡧ㛵㐃ᩥ᭩ࡼࡾసᡂ


70



ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩࣭URL ୍ぴ1㸬᪥ᮏㄒᩥ⊩⎔ቃ┬ࠕ⎔ቃ┬_ᅜ㐃Ẽೃኚືᯟ⤌᮲⣙➨ 21 ᅇ⥾⣙ᅜ఍㆟㸦COP21㸧ཬࡧி㒔㆟ᐃ᭩➨ 11 ᅇ⥾⣙ᅜ఍ྜ㸦COP/MOP11㸧ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ
http://www.env.go.jp/earth/cop/cop21/
᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥㸸2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥⎔ቃ┬ࠕࣃࣜ༠ᐃࡢᴫせ㸦௬ヂ㸧ࠖ
http://www.env.go.jp/earth/ondanka/cop21_paris/paris_conv-a.pdf
᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥㸸2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥⎔ቃ┬ࠕ࢔ࢪ࢔ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓపⅣ⣲♫఍ᐇ⌧ࡢࡓࡵࡢࢩࢼࣜ࢜㛤Ⓨࠖ
https://www.env.go.jp/policy/kenkyu/suishin/kadai/syuryo_report/h25/pdf/S-6-1.pdf
᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥㸸2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥㉥ᮌ 㯞⾰ᏊࠕⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⤒῭Ⓨᒎ࡜⎔ቃಖ඲࡜୧❧ࠖ 㤶ᕝ኱Ꮫ⤒῭ᨻ⟇◊✲ ➨ 3 ྕ 2007 ᖺ 3 ᭶
http://www.ec.kagawa-u.ac.jp/~tetsuta/jeps/no3/akagi.pdf
᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥㸸2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥ᅜẸ⏕άࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࠕ࢙࢘ࣈ∧ ᅜẸ⏕ά No.45 2016 ᖺᅄ᭶ྕࠖ
http://www.kokusen.go.jp/wko/pdf/wko-201604_05.pdf
᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥㸸2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥ẖ᪥᪂⪺ࠕ㹁㹍㹎㸰㸯㸸඲࡚ࡢᅜࡀ ᬮ໬ᑐ⟇࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴึ࣮ࣝࣝᡂ❧ - ẖ᪥᪂⪺ࠖ
https://mainichi.jp/articles/20151214/k00/00e/030/121000c᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥㸸2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥ࣁࣇ࢕ࣥࢺ࣏ࣥࢫࢺࠕࣃࣜ༠ᐃ࡜ࡣ㸽 ࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶ኱஦࡞ 2 ࡘࡢ⌮⏤࠙ࢃ࠿ࡾࡸࡍࡃゎㄝࠚࠖ せ⣙http://www.huffingtonpost.jp/2017/06/07/paris-agreement_n_16993784.html
᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥㸸2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥᪥ᮏ⤒῭᪂⪺ࠕḢ୰ࠕࣃࣜ༠ᐃ᥎㐍ࠖ ୡ⏺ࡅࢇᘬ࢔ࣆ࣮ࣝ 㤳⬻఍㆟࡛⡿㞳⬺༠㆟ ㏻ၟ࡛ࡣ⁁ᇙࡲࡽࡎ㸦෗┿㸻ࣟ࢖ࢱ࣮㸧 㸸᪥ᮏ⤒῭᪂⪺ࠖ
http://www.nikkei.com/article/DGKKZO17269630T00C17A6FF8000/᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥㸸2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥᪥ᮏ⤒῭᪂⪺ࠕẼೃኚືᑐ⟇࡛ᇶ㔠࡟ 93 ൨ࢻࣝᣐฟ ᪥⡿Ḣ࡞࡝ඛ㐍ᅜ 㸸᪥ᮏ⤒῭᪂⪺ࠖ
http://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXLASGM20H5A_Q4A121C1FF2000/᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥㸸2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥





71

୍⯡♫ᅋἲே⎔ቃ㔠⼥◊✲ᶵᵓࠕࢺࣛࣥࣉ⡿ᨻᶒࠊᅜ㐃ࠕ⥳ࡢẼೃᇶ㔠ࠖࡢ㈨㔠࡛ࠊୡ⏺୰࡟ࠕࢡ࣮ࣜࣥ▼ⅣⅆຊⓎ㟁ᡤࠖࡢᘓタಁ㐍ࢆ┠ᣦࡍࠊ࡜࣍࣡
࢖ࢺࣁ࢘ࢫ㧗ᐁࡀゝ᫂㸦RIEF㸧 | ୍⯡♫ᅋἲே⎔ቃ㔠⼥◊✲ᶵᵓࠖ
http://rief-jp.org/ct4/71325
᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥㸸2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥
JETROࠕEU ࡢ⎔ቃᨻ⟇࡜⏘ᴗࠖ
https://www.jetro.go.jp/ext_images/jfile/report/07000517/eurotrend_kankyoseisaku.p
df
᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥㸸2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥ࠕ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ | ୡ⏺࡛ᙉ໬ࡉࢀࡿ⮬ື㌴⇞㈝つไ࡜ࡑࡢᙳ㡪 - ᰴᘧ఍♫୕஭≀⏘ᡓ␎◊✲ᡤࠖhttps://www.mitsui.com/mgssi/ja/report/detail/1221218_10674.html
᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥㸸2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥
JETROࠕḢᕞྛᅜࡢ㟁Ẽ⮬ື㌴㸦EV㸧࡬ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ 㸯㸦ⱥᅜ ࢻ࢖ࢶ ࣇࣛࣥࢫ㸧ࠖ
https://www.jetro.go.jp/ext_images/jfile/report/07000740/uk_de_fr_ev.pdf
᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥㸸2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥
JETROࠕEU ຍ┕ᅜࡢ෌⏕ྍ⬟࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᅜู⾜ືィ⏬࡟ࡼࡿ 2020 ᖺ┠ᶆ࡟
ྥࡅࡓぢ㏻ࡋࠖ
https://www.jetro.go.jp/ext_images/jfile/report/07000605/EU_energy_2020.pdf
᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥㸸2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥⎔ቃ┬ࠕୡ⏺ࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㉳※ CO2 ᤼ฟ㔞ࠖ
IEAࠕCO2 EMISSIONS FROM FUEL COMBUSTIONࠖ 2016 EDITION ࢆඖ࡟⎔ቃ┬సᡂ
http://www.env.go.jp/earth/ondanka/cop/co2_emission_2014.pdf
᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥㸸2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥
2㸬ⱥㄒᩥ⊩
Luke Kemp, The world would be better off if Trump withdraws from the Parisclimate deal, accessed 24th July, 2017
read:http://theconversation.com/the-world-would-be-better-off-if-trump-withdraws-fr
om-the-paris-climate-deal-78096


72



EU ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢸࣟࣜࢬ࣒࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ዟᮧ ⿱Ꮚ

1. ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
⚾ࡀࡇࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࢆ㑅ࢇࡔ⌮⏤ࡣࠊ᫇࠿ࡽࡢ⮬ศࡢ⯆࿡ศ㔝࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿࠋ⚾ࡣࠊேࠎࡀ⮬ࡽࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕࡜ࡋ࡚ᙉࡃಙࡌ࡚࠸ࡿᛮ᝿(᐀ᩍ࡞࡝)ࡀ⌮⏤࡛㉳ࡇࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ᕪูࡸ೫ぢ࡟⯆࿡ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ⮬ศࡢᛮ᝿ࡀ⤯ᑐ࡛ࠊࡑࢀ
ࢆಙࡌ࡚࠸࡞࠸ே࡞࡝᭷ࡾᚓ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ឤ᝟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡲࡎࠊ⛣Ẹၥ㢟࡟┠ࢆ௜ࡅࡓࠋ⛣Ẹ㛫࡟ࡣࠊ౯್ほࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡛⏕ࡌࡿၥ㢟ࡀᩘከࡃᏑᅾ
ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶࢸࣟࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᣑ኱࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟࡟ὀ┠ࡋࡓࠋ᭱ࡶ⿕ᐖࡢ኱ࡁ࠸ၥ㢟ࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋఱࡶᝏࡃ࡞࠸↓ᐇࡢேࠎࡀࠊࡑࡢࡏ࠸࡛࿨ࢆ
ⴠ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡇࡢࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ࣮࣌ࣃ࣮࡛ࡣࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡛ࡢࢸࣟࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ⌧≧ࡸࠊྛᅜࡀ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢸࣟࣜࢬ࣒ᑐ⟇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ぢ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ࣮࣌ࣃ࣮࡛ࡣࠊ⛣Ẹࢆ༢⣧࡟ࠕ㏻ᖖࡢᒃఫᆅ௨እࡢᅜ࡬୺࡟⤒῭ⓗ⌮⏤࡛⛣ືࡋᒃఫࡍࡿேࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ぢ࡚ḧࡋ࠸ࠋ
ࠕᡓதࠊ㏕ᐖ࠶ࡿ
࠸ࡣ⮬↛⅏ᐖ࠿ࡽ㏨ࢀࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊẕᅜࢆ㞳ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆవ൤࡞ࡃࡉࢀࡓே࡛ࠖ
࠶ࡿ㞴Ẹࢆ⛣Ẹ࡟ྵࡵࡿ⪃࠼᪉ࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿࡀࠊ௒ᅇࡣࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞㞴Ẹࡣ⛣Ẹ࡟ྵࡵ࡚⪃࠼࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
2. EU ࡛ࡢ⛣Ẹࡢ⌧≧㹼᐀ᩍ࡟╔┠ࡋ࡚㹼ࡲࡎࠊ㏆ᖺࡢ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⛣Ẹࡢேᩘࡢ᥎⛣࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ぢ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺ࠋ
ᅗ 1 ࠿ࡽศ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࢢࣛࣇୖ࡛ᢅࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ EU ୺せᅜࡢ⛣Ẹேཱྀẚ⋡ࡣࠊᖺࠎቑຍഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿࠋ⫋ࢆồࡵ࡚ࡣࡿࡤࡿ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡲ࡛᮶࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࠋ1999
ᖺ࠿ࡽ 2014 ᖺ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࠊᏳᐃⓗ࡟⛣Ẹࡢேᩘࡀቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࠊ᫖௒ࠊ
⛣Ẹ᤼᩺㐠ືࡀࡼࡾຍ㏿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ⌧ᅾࡲ࡛ࡑࡢቑຍഴྥࡀ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᐜ᫆࡟᝿ീ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ⛣Ẹ᤼᩺㐠ືࡣࠊ⛣Ẹࡢᩘࡀ࠶ࡲ
ࡾ࡟ࡶከࡍࡂࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ⮬㌟࡟㈇ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋᚓࡿࠊ࡜ᆅඖࡢேࠎࡀឤࡌ
ࡓ᫬࡟㉳ࡇࡿ㐠ື࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽࡔࠋ ḟ࡟ࠊ᐀ᩍࡢ␗࡞ࡿ┦ᡭ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃྛᅜࡢேࠎࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ែ
ᗘ࡛᥋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡛୺ὶ࡞᐀ᩍࡀ
࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ⛣Ẹࡣ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛᩍ࡞࡝ࡢ௚᐀ᩍ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
ከ࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᕪูၥ㢟ࡣ୺࡟௚᐀ᩍ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ௚᐀ᩍࡢேࠎ
࡟ᑐࡍࡿែᗘ࡟ࡣࠊࡑࡢᅜࡢ᪉㔪ࡀⰍ⃰ࡃฟ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢᅜࠎࡢែ
ᗘࡣ㸱ࡘ࡟ศ㢮ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
㸦኱Ἠ 2017 ᖺ 83 㡯㸧ࡲࡎࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ A





73

ࡣࠊᅜᩍࡀᐃ
ࡵࡽࢀࡿ࡞࡝ࠊᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚≉ᐃࡢ᐀ᩍࡢᨭ㓄ຊࡀᙉ࠸ᅜ㸦ⱥ
ᅜࠊࢠࣜࢩࣕࠊ
ࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡ㸧
࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢢࣝ
࣮ࣉ A ࡣࠊ௚

ᅗ㸯

᐀ᩍࡢ⮬⏤
࡞⾜ື࡟ᑐ
ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿ⛬
ᗘࡢไ⣙ࡀ
࠶ࡾࠊ᤼௚ⓗ࡟࡞ࡿഴྥࡀᙉ࠸ࠋḟ࡟ࠊ
ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ B ࡣࠊ୰❧ⓗ࡞❧ሙ࡟࠶ࡾࠊ≉
ᐃࡢ᐀ᩍࡢᏑᅾࡣㄆࡵ࡚࠸ࡿᅜ㸦࣋ࣝࢠ࣮ࠊ࢜ࣛࣥࢲࠊࢻ࢖ࢶࠊ࢖ࢱࣜ࢔ࠊ
ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᅜ࡛ࡣࠊ୍⯡ⓗ࡟ࠊ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡࠊࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥ
ࢺࠊࣔࣝࣔࣥᩍࠊṇᩍࠊࣘࢲࣖᩍࡢಙ௮ࡣᐜㄆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ࢚࣍ࣂࡢドேࡸ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛᩍ࡞࡝ࡣᐜㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ C ࡣࠊ㠀᐀ᩍⓗ࡞❧ሙ࡟࠶ࡿᅜ㸦ࣇࣛࣥࢫ㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊᨻᩍศ㞳ࡀ㐩ᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ
࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ㠀᐀ᩍⓗ࡞❧ሙ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽࡇࡑࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡛ࡣࠊ᐀ᩍⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࣈࣝ࢝ࡢே๓࡛ࡢ╔⏝ࢆ⚗Ṇࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࠊ㠀᐀ᩍⓗࡔ࠿ࡽ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ᕪู
ࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊEU ෆ࡛௚᐀ᩍ࡟ᑐࡍࡿጼໃࡀ␗࡞ࡿ
ࡢ࡛ࠊEU ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⛣Ẹ࡟ᑐࡍࡿែᗘࡶࠊࡦ࡜ࡘ࡟Ỵࡵࡿࡢࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟ᅔ㞴࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
3. EU ࡛ࡢࢸࣟࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ⌧≧ࡇࡢ⠇࡛ࡣࠊࢸࣟࣜࢬ࣒ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢ⌧≧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ぢ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡲࡎࠊ㏆ᖺࠊ࡝ࡢࡃࡽ࠸ࡢᩘࡢࢸࣟࡀ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡛㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋබᏳㄪᰝᗇ
ࡢࢸࣟ➼Ⓨ⏕≧ἣ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊ2015 ᖺ 6 ᭶௨㝆ࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡛ 8 ௳ࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡛
4 ௳ࠊࢻ࢖ࢶ࡛ 3 ௳ࠊ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮࡛ 3 ௳ࠊࢫ࢙࣮࢘ࢹ࡛ࣥ 2 ௳ࠊࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡ࡛ 1


74



௳ࠊ࢜ࣛࣥࢲ࡛ 1 ௳ࡶࡢ஦௳ࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⣙㸰ᖺ㛫࡛ࡇࢀ࡯࡝ࡢᩘࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟ከ࠸࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋḟ࡟ࠊᐇ㝿࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢸࣟࡀ㉳ࡁࡓࡢ࠿ࠊලయ౛࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊヲࡋࡃぢ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ௒ᅇྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿࡢࡣࠊ࣐ࢻ࣮ࣜࢻ࡟࠾ࡅࡿิ㌴ྠ᫬⇿◚ࢸࣟ஦௳ࠊࣃࣜྠ᫬ከⓎࢸࣟ஦௳ࡢ㸰ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡎࠊ࣐ࢻ࣮ࣜࢻ࡛ࡢิ㌴ྠ᫬⇿◚ࢸࣟ஦௳࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦኱Ἠ 2017ᖺ 86-90 㡯㸧2004 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 11 ᪥⌧ᆅ᫬㛫༗๓ 7 ᫬༙࠿ࡽ 8 ᫬༙࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࠊࢫ
࣌࢖ࣥࡢ㤳㒔࣐ࢻ࣮ࣜࢻ୰ᚰ㒊ࡢ࢔ࢺ࣮ࢳࣕ㥐࡞࡝㸱ࡘࡢ㥐ࢆ㏻㐣୰ࡔࡗࡓ㟁㌴ෆ࡛㐃⥆ⓗ࡟⇿Ⓨࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋྜィ 198 ேࡀṚஸࠊ⣙ 1600 ேࡀ㈇യࡋࡓࠋ
㸲ࡘࡢ㟁㌴࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀᩘಶࡢ⇿ᙎࡀ௙᥃ࡅࡽࢀࠊ࡯ࡰྠࡌ᫬㛫ᖏ࡟⇿Ⓨࡋࡓࠋࣛࢵࢩࣗ࢔࣮࣡ࡢ᫬㛫ᖏ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡜ࠊ࢔ࢺ࣮ࢳࣕ㥐ࡀ୍⯡ᕷẸࡢ࡯࠿እᅜேほගᐈ࡛ࡶ㈰ࢃ࠺୺せ㥐࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡜࡛ࠊ⿕ᐖࡣࡼࡾᣑ኱ࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ㈇യ⪅ࢆࡼࡾከࡃࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࣜࣗࢵࢡࡢ୰࡟⇿ᙎ࡜୍⥴࡟㔥ࡸࢿࢪࡶධࢀ
ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢࢸࣟ஦௳ࡢ≢ேࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ேࡔࡗࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ஦௳Ⓨ⏕ 2᪥ᚋ࡟ࠊࣔࣟࢵࢥケࡾࡢ࢔ࣛࣅ࢔ㄒ࡛ࡇࡢࢸࣟࡢ≢⾜ࢆㄆࡵࡿࣅࢹ࢜ࢸ࣮ࣉࡀⓎぢࡉࢀࡓࠋ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛ㐣⃭ὴ⤌⧊ࠕ࢔ࣝ࢝࢖ࢲࠖࡢḢᕞ㌷஦㒊㛛ࢫ࣏࣮ࢡࢫ࣐ࣥࡢ࢔ࣈ࣭ࢻࢗࢪ࣭ࣕࣥ࢔࣭ࣝ࢔ࣇ࢞ࢽ࡜ྡ஌ࡿே≀ࡀࠊࡇࡢ≢⾜ࡣࠊࢫ࣌࢖ࣥࡀࣈࢵࢩࣗ኱⤫㡿࡟ྠㄪࡋ࡚࢖ࣛࢡ࡟㌷㝲ࢆὴ㐵ࡋ༠ຊࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛
࠶ࡿ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࢸࣟ࡟ࡣࠊ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛ⣔ࡢ⛣Ẹࡀከࡃ㛵୚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜
ࡳࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ḟ࡟ࠊࣃࣜࡢྠ᫬ከⓎࢸࣟ஦௳࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦኱Ἠ 2017 ᖺ 91-93 㡯㸧ࡇࡢ஦௳ࡣ 2015 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 13 ᪥࡟㉳ࡇࡾࠊࣃࣜᕷ⾤࡜㑹እࡢࢧ࣭ࣥࢻࢽᆅ༊ࡢၟᴗ᪋タ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ
ࠕ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛᅜ㸦IS㸧
ࠖࡢᡓ㜚ဨ࡜ࡳࡽࢀࡿ」ᩘࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡀ
ᑠᆺ⮬ືᑠ㖠 AK-47 ࡛くᧁࡋࡓࡾࠊ㐣㓟໬࢔ࢭࢺࣥࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⮬⇿࣋ࣝࢺ࡟ࡼ
ࡿ⇿Ⓨࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡓࡾࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋṚ⪅ 130 ேࠊ㈇യ⪅ 300 ே௨ୖ࡟ཬࢇ
ࡔࠋࡇࡢ஦௳ࡣࠊ㞴Ẹࢆ⿦ࡗ࡚ධᅜࡋ࡚ࡃࡿࢸࣟࣜࢫࢺࡢၥ㢟ࠊ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛ㐣⃭ὴᛮ᝿ࢆᣢࡘ⛣Ẹ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⌧ᆅࡢᅜẸࡀࡑࡢᛮ᝿࡟ឤ໬ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜࠸
࠺ၥ㢟ࠊࢸࣟࣜࢫࢺணഛ㌷࡜ࡋ࡚㏣㊧ᑐ㇟⪅࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓேࢆ㏣࠸ษࢀ࡞࠿
ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡀࠊ࠸࠿࡟ゎỴࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡢ࠿ࢆࡼࡃ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᐇ
⾜≢࡛࠶ࡿ IS ෆ⤌⧊ࠕ㡸ゝ⪅ࡢ๢࣮ࠖࣜࢲ࣮ࡢࣔࣟࢵࢥ⣔࣋ࣝࢠ࣮ேࡢ࢔ࣈ
ࢹࣝࣁ࣑ࢻ࣭࢔ࣂ࢘ࢻࡣࠊࢩࣜ࢔࠿ࡽᣦ♧ࢆฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡁࡸࠊࢧ
࣭ࣥࢻࢽᆅ༊ࡢ࢔ࣃ࣮ࢺ࡛Ⓨぢࡉࢀࡓࠋ௚࡟ࡶࠊ⮬⇿ࡋࡓ࠺ࡕࡢఱே࠿࡟ࡣ
ࢩࣜ࢔ேࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࢠࣜࢩࣕࣞࣟࢫ⤒⏤࡛ධᅜࡋࡓ࡜ぢࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ஦௳࡟ࡣከࡃࡢࣇࣛࣥࢫேࡸ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮ேࡶ㛵୚ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛ㐣⃭ὴᛮ᝿࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡓ࡜ぢࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙼࡽࡣ㏻ᖖࡣⓙ࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟⏕άࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࢸࣟࢆィ⏬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡞࡝ศ࠿ࡾࡸࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ≢⾜ࢢࣝ





75

ᅗ㸰

࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛཎ⌮୺⩏⤌⧊࡟ࡼࡿࢸࣟࡢᩘ
㻟㻜
㻞㻢
㻞㻡
㻝㻥

㻞㻜
㻝㻠

㻝㻡

㻝㻡

㻝㻣
㻝㻡

㻝㻠
㻝㻝

㻝㻜

㻝㻣

㻝㻢 㻝㻢
㻝㻞

㻝㻝

㻤

㻝㻝
㻥

㻥
㻣 㻣 㻣

㻤
㻢

㻢
㻠

㻡

㻣
㻠

࣮ࣉ࡟ࡣᙜᒁࡢ
㏣㊧ᑐ㇟⪅ࡀྵ
ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࢸ
ࣟࢆ㉳ࡇࡍྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ேࢆ≉ᐃ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡓ࡟
ࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎࠊࢸ
ࣟࡢᐇ⾜ࢆ㜵ࡄࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿
ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ

ၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿ
ࡓࡵࡢఱ࠿ࡋࡽ
ࡢᨻ⟇ࢆྲྀࡽ࡞
ࡅࢀࡤࠊ࢖ࢫࣛ
࣒㐣⃭ὴᛮ᝿ࢆᣢࡘேࠎ࡜ࠊࡑࡢேࡓࡕ࡟ࡼࡿࢸࣟࡣࠊቑ࠼⥆ࡅࡿ୍᪉࡛࠶
ࡿࠋ㻶㼡㼚㻙㻝㻡
㻶㼡㼘㻙㻝㻡
㻭㼡㼓㻙㻝㻡
㻿㼑㼜㻙㻝㻡
㻻㼏㼠㻙㻝㻡
㻺㼛㼢㻙㻝㻡
㻰㼑㼏㻙㻝㻡
㻶㼍㼚㻙㻝㻢
㻲㼑㼎㻙㻝㻢
㻹㼍㼞㻙㻝㻢
㻭㼜㼞㻙㻝㻢
㻹㼍㼥㻙㻝㻢
㻶㼡㼚㻙㻝㻢
㻶㼡㼘㻙㻝㻢
㻭㼡㼓㻙㻝㻢
㻿㼑㼜㻙㻝㻢
㻻㼏㼠㻙㻝㻢
㻺㼛㼢㻙㻝㻢
㻰㼑㼏㻙㻝㻢
㻶㼍㼚㻙㻝㻣
㻲㼑㼎㻙㻝㻣
㻹㼍㼞㻙㻝㻣
㻭㼜㼞㻙㻝㻣
㻹㼍㼥㻙㻝㻣
㻶㼡㼚㻙㻝㻣
㻶㼡㼘㻙㻝㻣

㻜

4. EU ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢸࣟࣜࢬ࣒ᑐ⟇ ㏆ᖺࡢࢸࣟࡣከࡃࡢሙྜࠊ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛ㐣⃭୺⩏ࡀᩘከࡃ㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅗ㸰ࢆぢ࡚ḧࡋ࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊබᏳㄪᰝᗇࡢୡ⏺ࡢࢸࣟ➼Ⓨ⏕≧ἣࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ
࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛ㐣⃭୺⩏ࡢ≢⾜ኌ᫂ࡀ࠶ࡿࠊࡲࡓࡣࠊ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛ㐣⃭୺⩏࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ
࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸࡜㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢸࣟࡢᩘࢆ㞟ィࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ
࡛⪃៖ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛ㐣⃭୺⩏ࡣࠊ୺࡟ࠊ࢔࣭ࣝࢩࣕࣂ࣮ࣈ㸦ࢯ࣐ࣜ࢔༡
㒊࡟ᣐⅬࢆ⨨ࡃ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛ㐣⃭ὴ⤌⧊㸧ࠊ࣎ࢥ࣭ࣁ࣒ࣛ㸦ࢼ࢖ࢪ࢙ࣜ࢔໭㒊࡟ᣐ
Ⅼࢆ⨨ࡃ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛ㐣⃭ὴ⤌⧊㸧ࠊISIL㸦࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛᅜᐙᶞ❧㐠ືࢆ⾜࠺࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛ
㐣⃭ὴ⤌⧊㸧ࠊAQIM㸦࢖ࢫ࣮࣒࣭࣐ࣛࢢࣞࣈㅖᅜࡢ࢔ࣝ࢝࢖ࢲ⤌⧊㸧ࠊࢱࣜࣂࣥ⣔⤌⧊㸦࢔ࣇ࢞ࢽࢫࢱࣥ࡟⯆ࡗࡓ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛཎ⌮୺⩏⤌⧊㸧ࠊ࡞࡝࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ
ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㏆ᖺࡢࢸࣟ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠊ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛ㐣⃭ὴ⤌⧊ࡢ⬣ጾࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟㧗࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⬣ጾ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊEU ࡛ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑐ⟇ࡀྲྀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺
࠿ࠋEU ෆ࡛ࡣࠊ௒ࡲ࡛ⱥ௖ࡀඛᑟࡋ࡚ࢸࣟࣜࢬ࣒ᑐ⟇ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ௚ᅜ࡜
ẚ࡭ከࡃࡢண⟬ࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ௒ᅇࡣⱥ௖ࡢᨻ⟇࡟╔┠ࡋࠊヲࡋ
ࡃぢ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ࡲࡎࡣࠊⱥᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢸࣟࣜࢬ࣒ᑐ⟇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦኱Ἠ 117-123 㡯㸧ⱥᅜࡣ 9࣭11 ࢸࣟ஦௳௨㝆ࠊࢸࣟᑐ⟇࡟ຊࢆධࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡲࡎࠊ2001 ᖺ࡟཯ࢸ࣭ࣟ≢⨥࣭Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀ἲࢆไᐃࡋࠊチྍ࡞ࡃ⯟✵ᶵࡸ㣕⾜ሙࡢไ㝈༊ᇦ࡟౵ධࡋࡓ⪅ࡣࠊᙉไ㏥ཤࡉࡏࡓࡾࠊ௧≧࡞ࡋ࡛㐊ᤕࡋࡓࡾ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ


76



௚࡟ࡶࠊ⯟✵ᶵ࡬ࡢᣢࡕ㎸ࡳⲴ≀ࡢࡼࡾཝ㔜࡞ࢳ࢙ࢵࢡࡸࠊ⚗Ṇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
≀ရࡢᣑ኱࡞࡝ࡶ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ2002 ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊ⯟✵ᶵ࡟஌ࡾ㎸ࡴṊ⿦㆙ഛဨࡢカ⦎ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࢆⓎ⾲ࡋࡓࠋ⌧ᅾࠊ኱すὒࢆᶓ᩿ࡍࡿ⯟✵ᶵࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿
࡟ࠊṊ⿦㆙ഛဨࡀⓏሙࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡑ࠺ࡔࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᆅୗ㕲࡟࠾ࡅࡿヨ㦂ⓗ࡞஌ᐈ࡜Ⲵ≀ࡢࢳ࢙ࢵࢡࠊᾏᗏࢺࣥࢿࣝෆ࡛୙ᑂ⪅ࢆⓎぢࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᢏ⾡ࡢᑟධ࡞࡝ࡶ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ2010 ᖺ௨㝆ࠊࢸࣟᑐ⟇άືࡢࡓࡵ࡟ேဨࢆ 1900
ேቑဨࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࢸࣟάື࡟ᚑ஦ࡍࡿ┠ⓗ࡛ᾏእ࡬Ώࡿ⪅࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࣃࢫ
࣏࣮ࢺࢆἐ཰ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࠊ2014 ᖺ࡟ࡣ 24 ேࡶࡢேࡢࣃࢫ࣏࣮ࢺࡀ↓ຠ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ㐣⃭ὴࡢࣅࢹ࢜ࡢ㝖ཤసᴗࡶ⾜ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊẖ㐌⣙ 1000 ಶࡢ୙ἲࣅࢹ࢜ࡀ㝖ཤࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡑ࠺ࡔࠋ௚࡟ࡶࠊ
ࠕ㏣㊧㸦Pursue㸧ࠖࠕ㜵Ṇ㸦Prevent㸧ࠖࠕ㜵ㆤ㸦Protect㸧ࠖࠕ‽ഛ㸦Prepare㸧ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࠊࢸࣟࡢ㸲P 㜵Ṇ⟇ࡶᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋᅜቃࡢࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕࣮࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ㞴Ẹไᗘࢆᝏ⏝ࡋ࡚ධᅜࡍࡿࢸࣟࣜ
ࢫࢺࢆ㜵ࡄࡓࡵࠊᡭ⥆ࡁ᪉ἲࢆཝ᱁࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⥭ᛴ஦ែ࡟┤㠃ࡋࡓ᫬ࡢᑐ
ᛂࡢᨵၿ⟇࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊẸ㛫⥭ᛴ஦ែἲࡢไᐃ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ㆟఍ࡢᢎㄆ࡞ࡃ㑊㞴࿨௧ࡸື⏘ࡢ⮫᫬ᚩ⏝ࢆ⾜࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊⱥᅜ㆙ᐹࡣ“Hide, Run, Tell”࡜࠸࠺ᶆㄒࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊࣃࣥࣇࣞࢵࢺࡸࣅࢹ࢜ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࢸࣟ࡟㐼㐝ࡋࡓ㝿ࡢᑐฎἲࢆ୍⯡ᕷẸ࡟ᗈࡵࡿάືࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋⱥᅜ࡟ࡣࠊ≉Ṧ✵᣿㒊㝲㸦SAS㸧ࡸ≉Ṧ⯚⯲㒊㝲㸦SBS㸧ࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋ๓⪅ࡣࠊྡ⛠ୖࡣ✵᣿࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᐇ㝿ࡣᾏᗏࡸᒣᓅ࡞࡝ᖜᗈࡃάືࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㌷⏝㌴࡟ࡼࡿഄᐹάືࠊࢸࣟ⾜Ⅽ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ἞Ᏻ⥔ᣢάືࠊே㉁ࡸᤕ⹭ࡢᩆฟసᡓ࡞࡝ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚋ⪅ࡣࠊࠕ࢟ࣜࣥࢢ࣭ࣁ࢘ࢫࠖ࡜࠸࠺カ⦎᪋タ࡛ወくᨷᧁ⾡ࢆᏛࡪࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊⱥᅜࡣࠊ
ᐇ࡟ᵝࠎ࡞ほⅬ࠿ࡽࢸࣟ⾜Ⅽࡢᑐ⟇ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ௚ᅜ࡟ᡭᮏ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡶከ࠸ࠋ ḟ࡟ࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢࢸࣟࣜࢬ࣒ᑐ⟇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸦኱Ἠ 129-132 㡯㸧ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡛ࡣࠊ୺࡟㸳ࡘࡢᶵ㛵ࡀࢸࣟᑐ⟇࡟࠾࠸࡚㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
ࡑࢀࡽࡣࠊᅜኈ┘どᒁ㸦DST㸧ࠊ୰ኸ⥲ྜ᝟ሗᒁ㸦DCRG㸧
ࠊ୰ኸྖἲ㆙ᐹᒁࢸࣟᑐ⟇ㄢ㸦DNAT㸧ࠊ᠇ර㝲ࠊᑐእᏳ඲⥲ᒁ㸦DGSE㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅜኈ┘どᒁࡣࠊᅜෆࡢ἞ᏳࢆᏲࡿࡓࡵ࡟Ᏻ඲࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡿ᝟ሗࢆ཰㞟ࡋࠊ⬣ጾࡢ᥎⛣ࢆ┘どࡍࡿᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୰ኸ⥲ྜ᝟ሗᒁࡣࠊㅁሗάືᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㒔ᕷ㑹እ࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿᭀຊࠊᆅୗ⤒῭ࠊᵝࠎ࡞ᐦ኎ࡢ᦬Ⓨ࡟ᚑ஦ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୰ኸྖἲ㆙ᐹᒁࢸࣟᑐ⟇ㄢࡣࠊ㔜せ≢⨥࣭ปᝏ≢⨥ࢆᤚᰝࡍࡿᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡾࠊࢸࣟάືࢆ᦬Ⓨࡋ࡚ᢚไࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᠇ර㝲ࡣࠊ㝣࣭ᾏ࣭✵࡟ḟࡄ➨ᅄࡢ㌷㝲࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢸࣟᑐ⟇࡟ࡣᅜᐙ᠇ර㝲἞Ᏻ௓ධ㒊㝲㸦GIGN㸧࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ≉Ṧ㒊㝲ࡀ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ≉Ṧ㒊㝲ࡣ඲ဨࡀᚿ㢪ไ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᅜᐙ᠇ර㝲࡛㸳ᖺ௨ୖࡢ໅ົᐇ⦼ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ࠿ࡘ໅ົᐇ⦼ࡀඃ➼࡛࠶ࡗࡓ⪅ࡢࡳࡀᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ
࠺࡞㐣㓞࡞᮲௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪅࡛ࡶࠊྜ᱁⋡ࡣࢃࡎ࠿㸵㸣࡛࠶ࡿࠋᑐእᏳ





77

඲⥲ᒁࡣࠊᅜእࡢㅁሗάືࡀᑓ㛛࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᅜᐙ฼┈ࡢࡓࡵࡢᶵᐦసᡓ
ࡶᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

5. ࠾ࢃࡾ࡟㹼EU ࡢ௒ᚋ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㹼 ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࠊEU ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⛣Ẹ࡜ࢸࣟࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ⌧≧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ぢ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࢀ࡟
ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊ⛣Ẹࡢேᩘࠊࡲࡓࠊ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛ㐣⃭ὴࡢᛮ᝿࡟ゐࢀࡿᶵ఍ࡣࠊ௒ᚋࡶ
ከ࠸࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࢸࣟࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ⬣ጾࡣ἞ࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊḟ࡟ࢸࣟࣜࢬ࣒ᑐ⟇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ぢ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ➨㸲⠇࡛ゐࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊⱥ௖ࡀ EU ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ᭱ࡶຊࢆධࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣࢆ⌮ゎࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊⱥᅜࡢ EU 㞳⬺࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋⱥᅜࡀᢤࡅࡿ࡜ఱࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࡢ࠿ࠋ
➨୍࡟ࠊEU ࡢ㌷஦ຊࡀୗࡀࡿࠋⱥᅜࡣ EU ෆ࡛᭱ࡶ㜵⾨ᨭฟࡀከࡃࠊⱥ௖࡛
୺࡟ᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࢸࣟࣜࢬ࣒ᑐ⟇ࢆࣇࣛࣥࢫ୍ᅜ࡛⾜࠺࡜࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊᅜቃ㆙ഛ࡞
࡝ࢸࣟ㜵Ṇ࡟ᚲ㡲࡞ࡶࡢࡀ࠾ࢁࡑ࠿࡟࡞ࡾ࠿ࡡ࡞࠸ࠋ➨஧࡟ࠊእ஺࡟࠾࠸࡚
୰ᮾࡸ࢔ࣇࣜ࢝࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀపୗࡍࡿࠋⱥᅜࡣࠊṔྐⓗ⫼ᬒࡸᩥ໬ⓗࠊ⤒῭ⓗ࡞⌮⏤࡛ࠊEU ෆ࡛ࡣ᭱ࡶ୰ᮾࡸ࢔ࣇࣜ࢝࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊⱥ
ᅜࡢ EU 㞳⬺࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛᩍᆅᇦࡢᅜ࡜ࡢእ஺ࡀࡸࡾ࡟ࡃࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ
࠺ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊⱥᅜ㞳⬺ࡣࠊEU ࡢࢸࣟᑐ⟇࡟㈇ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡛
࠶ࡾࠊEU ࡣ௒ᚋࠊࡼࡾ㞴ࡋ࠸❧ሙ࡟❧ࡓࡉࢀࡿࠋ

ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩࣭URL ୍ぴ࣭኱Ἠᖖ㛗㸦2017㸧⃭ࠗືࡢḢᕞ㐃ྜ㸦EU㸧ࡢ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ʊከᩥ໬࣭ከẸ᪘ඹ⏕ࡢ㝈⏺࡜࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛ㐣⃭ὴ࡟ࡼࡿࢸࣟࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ⬣ጾʊ࠘᫭ὒ᭩ᡣ
࣭➉ἑᑦ୍ᮁ㸦2016㸧ࠗ⌧௦࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡜⛣Ẹၥ㢟ࡢཎⅬʊ1970ࠊ80 ᖺ௦ࠊ㛤࠿ࢀࡓࢩࢸ࢕ࢬࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢ⏕ᡂ࡜ヨ⦎ʊ࠘㉥▼᭩ᗑ࣭ᐑᓥႛ㸦2011㸧ࠗ⛣Ẹࡢ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃʊᅜ㝿ẚ㍑ࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽ࠘᫂▼᭩ᗑ࣭බᏳㄪᰝᗇୡ⏺ࡢࢸࣟ➼Ⓨ⏕≧ἣࠑhttp://www.moj.go.jp/psia/terrorism/index.htmlࠒ (᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥㸸2017 ᖺ 8
᭶ 8 ᪥)
࣭♫఍ᐇ᝟ࢹ࣮ࢱᅗ㘓ࠑhttp://www2.ttcn.ne.jp/honkawa/1171.htmlࠒ
㸦᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭ
ࢫ᪥㸸2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥㸧࣭࿴ࡢᡭࢆᖹ࿴࡟ʊJapan For Refugees ࡑࡶࡑࡶ㞴Ẹ࡜⛣Ẹࡢ㐪࠸ࡗ࡚࡞࡟
ࠑhttp://wanotewosekaini.com/refugeeandmigrant/ࠒ㸦᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥㸸2017 ᖺ 8
᭶ 4 ᪥㸧


78ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢᩍ⫱ไᗘííííࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣜࢬ࣒࡬ࡢᑐᛂ⠛ཎ ⿱ᬗ

1. ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
 GLP ࡢ୍⎔࡜ࡋ࡚▷ᮇᾏእ◊ಟ࡛࣋ࣝࢠ࣮࣭ࣇࣛࣥࢫࢆゼࢀࡿ๓࡟ࠊ࣮ࣚ
ࣟࢵࣃࡢ♫఍࣭EU ♫఍࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࠊྛேࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ⯆࿡ࡢ࠶ࡿ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢ᩿∦ࢆㄪ࡭ࠊ⧳ࡵࠊඹ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
➹⪅ࡣࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢᩍ⫱ไᗘࠊ≉࡟ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢࡑࢀ࡟⯆࿡ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ➨୍࡟ࠊ୍ᶫ኱Ꮫࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝேᮦ⫱ᡂ஦ᴗ࡛࠶ࡿ GLP ࡟ᡤᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㌟࡜ࡋ
࡚ࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ EU ♫఍ࡀࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬࡟ᩍ⫱࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ዴఱ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿
ࢆ▱ࡾࡓ࠿ࡗࡓࠋຍ࠼࡚ࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡟ࡣ኱⾗ࡢ኱Ꮫ࡜ᑓ㛛࡟≉໬ࡋࡓ኱Ꮫࡢ
஧✀㢮ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⪺࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚῝ࡃㄪ࡭ࡼ࠺࡜⪃࠼ࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ࣮࣌ࣃ࣮࡛ࡣࠊࡲࡎࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢᩍ⫱ไᗘࢆ᪥ᮏ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋࡘࡘᴫほࡍࡿࠋ⥆ࡃ❶࡛ࠊEU ࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝᩍ⫱࡬ࡢᑐᛂ࡜ࡑࡢᙳ㡪ࢆࣇࣛࣥࢫࠊࡑ
ࡋ࡚࢔ࢪ࢔♫఍ࢆ౛࡜ࡋ᳨࡚ウࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ
2. ࣇࣛࣥࢫᩍ⫱ࡢ≉ᚩ‫ۍ‬ᩍ⫱࡬ࡢබⓗᨭฟ

http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/gimukyoiku/outline/001/007.htm
ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡣࠊᩍ⫱ࡢ↓ൾ໬ࠊ⩏ົ໬ࠊୡ಑໬࡟ὀຊࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᅜᐙண⟬ࡢᅄศࡢ୍ࡀᩍ⫱ศ㔝࡟඘࡚ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊᩍ⫱㈝඲యࡢ༙ศ௨ୖࡢ㈇





79

ᢸ㢠࡟┦ᙜࡋࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫᅜẸࡢᩍ⫱㈝㈇ᢸࡣ㍍ῶࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ



 






















 ୖᅗ⾲ 1㸫1㸫25 ࠿ࡽศ࠿ࡿ㏻ࡾࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢබⓗ㈇ᢸ⋡ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ
࡜ࠊึ➼୰➼ᩍ⫱ẁ㝵࡛ࡣ୧ᅜ࡟㢧ⴭ࡞┦㐪ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊᑵᏛ๓ཬࡧ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ẁ㝵࡛ࡣࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢබⓗ㈇ᢸ⋡ࡀ᪥ᮏ࡟ẚ࡭࡚㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ ≉࡟ࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢබⓗ㈇ᢸ⋡ࡀ 32.2㸣࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ
ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡣࡑࡢ㸰ಸ௨ୖࡢ 83.7㸣ࡢᩍ⫱㈝ࢆᅜᐙࡀ㈇ᢸࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣇࣛࣥࢫ
ࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱࡬ࡢබⓗᨭฟࡢ᪥ᮏẚ࡛ࡢከࡉࡣࠊḟ㡫ࡢᅗ⾲ 1㸫1㸫27 ࡛ࡶ㢧ⴭ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱⚾㈝㈇ᢸࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ୍᪉࡛ࠊᐙィ࡟୍ᐃࡢవ⿱ࡀ


80



࠶ࡾᅜᐙ࡟ࡼࡿᩍ⫱᥼ຓࡢᚲせࡀᑡ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ぢ᪉ࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡿࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᑡᏊ໬࡟ࡼࡿ኱Ꮫ㐠Ⴀࡢ㞴ࡋࡉ࠿ࡽࠊ௒ᚋࡶ኱Ꮫᤵᴗᩱࡢୖ᪼ࠊ
⚾㈝㈇ᢸࡢቑຍࡀぢ㎸ࡲࢀ(ᅗ⾲ 1㸫1㸫11 ཧ↷)ࠊᩍ⫱ࡢ୙ᖹ➼ࡀ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡢᡤ
ᚓ᱁ᕪᣑ኱ࢆ㐍⾜ࡉࡏࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ௚᪉ࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡛ࡣࠊྜィ≉Ṧฟ⏕⋡ࢆ㸰௜㏆࡛⥔ᣢࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀ࡟ࡼ
ࡿ኱Ꮫ㈈ᨻࡢᏳᐃࡶ┦ࡲࡗ࡚ࠊ௒᪥ࡢᩍ⫱ࡢᶵ఍ᆒ➼ࡀᐇ⌧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ                      

www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/hakusho/html/hpab200901/1295628

KWWSZZZPH[WJRMSEBPHQXKDNXVKRKWPOKSDEGHWDLOKWP









81
















ᅗ㘓 ྜィ≉Ṧฟ⏕⋡ࡢ᥎⛣㸦᪥ᮏ࡜ㅖእᅜ㸧
http://www2.ttcn.ne.jp/honkawa/1550.html‫࢔ࣞࣟ࢝ࣂۍ‬ ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡟ࡣࠊ୰➼ᩍ⫱༶ࡕ㧗ᰯㄢ⛬ಟ஢ࡢㄆドヨ㦂࡜ࡋ࡚ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔࡜
࠸࠺ᅜᐙヨ㦂ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔ࡣࠊ⮬↛⛉Ꮫࠊ♫఍⛉Ꮫ࡞࡝ྛᑓ㛛ศ㔝࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᡂேᖺ㱋࡛࠶ࡿ 18 ṓ࡟㐩ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔ࢆཷ㦂ࡍࡿࠋ኱⾗኱Ꮫ࡬ࡢධᏛ࡟ࡣࡇࡢࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔୍࡛ᐃỈ‽ࡢⅬᩘࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓࣂ࢝
ࣟࣞ࢔ྜ᱁௨ᚋ࡟ࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ಟ஢ド᭩ࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿࡲ࡛࡟㈝ࡸࡋࡓ᫬㛫ࡣࡑࡢಟ஢ド᭩ࡢ㔜せ࡞ホ౯ᇶ‽࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
‫ۍ‬኱Ꮫ࡜ࢢࣛࣥࢮࢥ࣮ࣝ ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡟ࡣ୺࡟௨ୗࡢ஧✀㢮ࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋ
࣭኱ᏛᏛၥศ㔝ࡈ࡜ࡢ◊✲ᩍ⫱ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ୰➼ᩍ⫱ಟ஢ࡢࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔ࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ୕ᖺ㛫ࡢᏛኈ㸦Licence㸧ࠊ஧ᖺ㛫ࡢಟኈ㸦Master㸧ࠊ୕ᖺ㛫ࡢ༤ኈ㸦Doctorat㸧࡜⥆ࡃࠋᅜᐙࡢ୍ேᙜࡓࡾᖺᩍ⫱㈝㈇ᢸ㢠ࡣࠊ⣙ 6500 ࣮࡛ࣘࣟ࠶ࡿࠋ
኱Ꮫ࡬ࡢධᏛ࡟ᚲせ࡞ࡶࡢࡣࠊཎ๎࡜ࡋ࡚ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔ྜ᱁ド᭩ࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ణࡋࠊ་Ꮫ➼ࡢࡼࡾᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ศ㔝࡛ࡣࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔ྜ᱁௨እ࡟ධᏛヨ㦂ࢆㄢࡍ


82



Ꮫ㒊ࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋ
୍᪉᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࣭஧ḟヨ㦂ࠊAO ධヨ࡞࡝ᵝࠎ࡞ᙧែࡢධᏛヨ㦂ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡣࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔ྠᵝࠊ⤫୍ⓗ࠿ࡘ඲ᑐ㇟ⓗࡔࡀࠊ㐺ᛂ⠊ᅖࡣࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔ࡢ᪉ࡀᅽಽⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡀグྕ㑅ᢥᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋࠊࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔ࡣ➹グᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࣭㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ㸦ࢢࣛࣥࢮࢥ࣮ࣝࠊGrandes Écoles㸧 ࢢࣛࣥࢮࢥ࣮ࣝ࡬ࡢධᏛࡣ㑅ᢤᘧ࡛ࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟⊃ࡁ㛛࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⌮ᕤ⛉኱Ꮫࠊ㧗➼ᖌ⠊Ꮫᰯࠊᅜ❧⾜ᨻᏛ㝔࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡾᑓ㛛ศ㔝ࡢ࢚࣮ࣜࢺ
ࡀ⫱ᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋᅜᐙࡢ୍ேᙜࡓࡾᖺᩍ⫱㈝㈇ᢸ㢠ࡣࠊ⌮ᕤ⛉኱Ꮫ࡛⣙ 67000
࣮ࣘࣟࠊ㧗➼ᖌ⠊Ꮫᰯ࡛ 12600 ࣮ࣘࣟ࡜ࠊ኱⾗኱Ꮫ࡜ẚ࡭ᅜᐙࡢᩍ⫱㈇ᢸ㢠ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋබົဨ㣴ᡂᰯ࡛࠶ࡿ㧗➼ᖌ⠊ᏛᰯࡢᏛ⏕ࡣ‽බົဨ࡛࠶ࡾࠊఫᒃ
ࡶ࠶࡚ࡀࢃࢀࡿࠋ ࢢࣛࣥࢻ࣭ࢮࢥ࣮ࣝࡢ㑅ᢤࡣࠊ୍⯡ⓗ࡟ࡣࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔ྲྀᚓ࠿ࡽ 1㹼2 ᖺᚋࡢධᏛヨ㦂࡟ࡼࡾ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢ‽ഛᩍ⫱࡜ࡋ࡚ࢢࣛࣥࢮࢥ࣮ࣝ‽ഛ⣭ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋ㧗ಸ⋡ࡢ᭩㢮㑅⪃࡟ࡼࡾ‽ഛ⣭࡬ࡢධᏛࡀチྍࡉࢀࡓᏛ⏕ࡣࠊⰋ㉁࡞
ᩍ⫱ࢆᚭᗏࡋࡓࣇ࢛࣮ࣟయไࡢࡶ࡜࡛ாཷࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡿࠋ‽ഛᏛ⣭ㄢ⛬ࡢಟ஢ࡣࠊࡑࡢ⣔ิ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࡢಟ஢㈨᱁࡜ྠ➼ࡢ౯್ࢆᣢࡘࠋ

3. ࣇࣛࣥࢫᩍ⫱ไᗘࡢኚ㑄࣭ࣝ࢖ 15 ୡࡢສ௧ࠊ᭱ึࡢࢢࣛࣥࢮࢥ࣮ࣝࡢタ❧(1747 ᖺ)ᅵᮌ࣭ᘓ⠏㡿ᇦࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࢸࢡࣀࢡ࣮ࣛࢺࢆ㣴ᡂࡍ࡭ࡃࠊᅜ❧ᅵᮌᏛᰯ࡜ࡋ࡚タ❧ࡋࡓࠋࣇࣛࣥࢫ㠉࿨
㠉࿨࡟ࡼࡾ㈗᪘ไࡀྰᐃࡉࢀࠊᅜᐙ෌ᘓࡢࡓࡵ࡟㧗ᗘ࡟ᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞⌮ᕤ⣔ேᮦࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢ᫬ᮇ࡟⌮ᕤ⣔ேᮦ㣴ᡂࡢࡓࡵከࡃࡢࢢࣛࣥࢮࢥ࣮ࣝࡀᘓタࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࢼ࣏ࣞ࢜ࣥࡀ୰ኸ㞟ᶒⓗ࡞ᖇᅜ኱Ꮫࢆタ❧ࡋࡓ(ࢼ࣏ࣞ࢜ࣥἲ඾ࠊ1806ᖺ)ࠋ
᭦࡟ࠊ1808 ᖺ࡟ࡣࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔ࡀㄌ⏕ࡋࡓࠋ᭱ึࡢྲྀᚓ⪅ࡣ 31 ྡ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
࣭ࢪ࣮࣭ࣗࣝࣇ࢙࣮ࣜ࡟ࡼࡿᶵ఍ᆒ➼໬
1870 ᖺࠊᬑ௖ᡓத࡛ࡢࣇࣛࣥࢫ኱ᩋࡢཎᅉࡣᩍ⫱ຊࡢᕪ࡟࠶ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ศᯒ





83

࠿ࡽࠊึ➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ↓ൾ໬(1881 ᖺ)ࠊ⩏ົ໬࣭ୡ಑໬(1882 ᖺ)ࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓࠋᐇ
㝿ࠊᡓ຾ᅜࣉࣟ࢖ࢭࣥࡢึ➼ᩍ⫱ᑵᏛ⋡ࡣࠊ1864 ᖺ᫬Ⅼ࡛஑๭ࢆ㉸࠼࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊึ➼ᩍ⫱ಟ஢ド᭩ࡢ CEP(ࢭࣝࢸ࢕ࣇ)ࡀ᥇⏝ࡉࢀࠊᵝࠎ࡞ᆅ᪉ゝㄒࡸ᳜ẸᆅࢆᏎࡴࣇࣛࣥࢫ඲ᅵ࡛ࠊࠕㄞࡴࠖ
ࠕ᭩ࡃࠖࠕᩘ࠼ࡿࠖࡢᇶ♏ᩍ⫱ࡢࣇࣛࣥࢫ
ⓗ⤫୍໬ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ึ➼ᩍ⫱ᮇ㛫ࡣ㸵ᖺ㛫࡛࠶ࡾࠊCEP ࡣ᭱▷࡛ 11 ṓ࡛ྲྀᚓྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣭ᑵᏛࡢ㛗ᮇ໬
1936 ᖺࠊ⩏ົᩍ⫱ࡀ 14 ṓࡲ࡛ᘏ㛗ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
1959 ᖺࠊ16 ṓࡲ࡛࡟᭦࡟ᘏ㛗ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
࣭CEP(ࢭࣝࢸ࢕ࣇ)ࡢ⤊↉
1975 ᖺ࡟ᅜẸ඲ဨࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿ⤫୍୰Ꮫࡀᑟධࡉࢀࠊࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔(୰➼ᩍ⫱ಟ஢ࠊࡘࡲࡾ㧗ᰯಟ஢ࡢ㈨᱁ㄆᐃ)ࡀྎ㢌ࡋጞࡵࡿࠋ
ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔ྲྀᚓ⪅ࡣࠊ
31 ே(1808 ᖺ)ĺ1㸣(1880 ᖺ)ĺ2.7㸣(1936 ᖺ)ĺ5㸣(1950 ᖺ)
࡜㏴ቑࡋࡓࠋ
ᡓᚋࡢ࣋ࣅ࣮ࣈ࣮࣒ࡢᙳ㡪࡛ࠊ1970 ᖺ࡟ࡣ 20㸣࡜⇿Ⓨⓗ࡟ఙࡧࠊ1989 ᖺ࡟ࡣ
36㸣ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ 1995 ᖺ࡟ࡣ 63㸣ࡢᏛ⏕ࡀྲྀᚓࡍࡿ኱⾗ⓗ㈨᱁࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ

4. EU ࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬࡬ࡢᑐᛂ
ᚑ᮶ࠊ␃ᏛࡣᏛ఩ྲྀᚓࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿሙྜࡀከࡃࠊ␃Ꮫ⏕ཷࡅධࢀつᶍ࡟ඛ㐍࣭㏵ୖᅜ㛫࡛೫ࡾࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㏆ᖺࠊከࡃࡢ኱Ꮫࡑࡋ࡚Ꮫ⏕ࡀཧຍࡋࡓ᪂ࡋ࠸ᙧែࡢᏛ⏕⛣ືࡀጞࡲࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀࡀࠊ1987 ᖺ࠿ࡽḢᕞᆅᇦ࡛Ⓨᒎࡋࡓ࢚ࣛࢫ࣒ࢫ஦ᴗࠊࡑࢀࡀᣑ኱ࡋ࡚ᙧࢆᡂࡋࡓ࣮࣎ࣟࢽ࣭ࣕࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
‫ࢫ࣒ࢫ࢚ࣛۍ‬஦ᴗ࢚ࣛࢫ࣒ࢫ஦ᴗ࡜ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ␃Ꮫᨻ⟇࡜ࡢ㐪࠸࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ୺࡟௨ୗࡢ୕Ⅼࡀ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ ඛ㐍ᅜ࠿ࡽᏛࡪ␃Ꮫ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᆅᇦෆࡢ┦஫⌮ゎࢆ୺║࡟⨨࠸ࡓᏛ⏕஺ὶࢆᒎ㛤 ஦ᴗᙧែࡀᇦෆࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞◊✲኱Ꮫࡸ⥲ྜ኱Ꮫࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞
ࡃࠊ඲࡚ࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵ࡢཧຍࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᨻ⟇ࢆᒎ㛤


84



 ไᗘࡸᩍ⫱యไ࡟ඹ㏻ࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࠊ┦஫࡟┦ᡭࡢᩍ⫱ෆᐜࡀぢ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࠊಙ㢗㛵ಀࡢ࠶ࡿ┦஫஺ὶࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓ࢚ࣛࢫ࣒ࢫ஦ᴗࡣࠊ኱Ꮫ㛫ࡢ┦஫ಙ㢗㛵ಀࡢᵓ⠏࡟ࡼࡿ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ
ࣝ໬ࢆಁ㐍ࡋࠊ᭦࡟஦ົⓗฎ⌮ࠊእᅜㄒᩍ⫱ᣑ኱ࠊ␗ᩥ໬⌮ゎ࡞࡝ࡢㄢ㢟Ⓨぢ࡟ᐤ୚ࡋࡓࠋ
‫ࢫࢭࣟࣉ࣭ࣕࢽ࣮ࣟ࣎ۍ‬࢚ࣛࢫ࣒ࢫ஦ᴗࡣᣑ኱ࡢ୍㏵ࢆࡓ࡝ࡾࠊ1999 ᖺࡢ࣮࣎ࣟࢽࣕᐉゝ࡛࣮࣎ࣟࢽ࣭ࣕࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡬࡜Ⓨᒎࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾࠊࠕඹ࡟ᩍ࠼ࠊඹ࡟Ꮫࡪ࣮ࠖ࣎ࢲࣞ
ࢫ࡞༠ാᩍ⫱ࡀᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࣮࣎ࣟࢽ࣭ࣕࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟ࡣ௨ୗࡢ୕ࡘࡢ┠ⓗࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ1. Ḣᕞ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᅪࡢᏛ⏕ࡸ◊✲⪅ࡢὶືࢆᐜ᫆࡟ࡋࠊ◊✲ࡸ㞠⏝ࡢಁ㐍ࢆᅗࡿࡇ࡜
2. ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵ࡢ㨩ຊࢆ㧗ࡵࠊᅪእ࠿ࡽࡢேᮦὶධࢆᅗࡿࡇ࡜
3. EU ࡢࡉࡽ࡞ࡿⓎᒎࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵ࡀ㉁ࡢ㧗࠸ඛ㐍ⓗ࡞▱ࡢᣐⅬ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜
Ꮫ⏕ࡸ◊✲⪅ࡢὶື໬ಁ㐍ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊྛᅜࡢᩍ⫱ࡢ⤫୍໬࣭㉁ಖドࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋ௨ୗࡣࠊࡑࡢලయⓗ࡞஧ࡘࡢ᪋⟇࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࣭ECTS
ECTS ࡣ༢఩ࡢ ᐃᇶ‽࡛࠶ࡾࠊᏛ⏕ࡢᏛ⩦㔞࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ࢔࢘ࢺ࣒࣭࢝ᡂ
⦼ࡢ୕ᣦᶆ࡟ࡼࡾつᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋ ᪥⡿ࡢ༢఩ࡣᩍဨ࡜᥋ࡍࡿ᫬㛫࡛᥮⟬ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊECTS ࡣࠊࡑࡢࢥ࣮ࢫ࣮࣡
ࢡࡢ฿㐩┠ᶆ࡟ᚲせ࡞Ꮫ⩦᫬㛫ᩘ࡛ィ ࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࢥ࣮ࢫ࣮࣡
ࢡࡢ⩦ᚓ࡟ᚲせ࡞Ꮫ⩦᫬㛫ࢆ᫂☜໬ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊྛᅜࡢ
ไᗘ㛫ࡢᕪ␗ࢆṇ☜࡟⌮ゎࡍࡿ㏱㐣ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿᩍ⫱ࣇ࣮࣒࣮ࣞ࣡ࢡࡀ☜❧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ࣭Tuning ஫᥮ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ㈨᱁ᯟ⤌ࡳࠊ₶⁥࡞༢఩஫᥮ไᗘࢆ☜❧ࡍ࡭ࡃࠊୡ⏺つᶍ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢᨵ㠉ࡀࠊTuning ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ẚ㍑ྍ⬟࡞㈨᱁ᯟ⤌ࡳࡣࠊ⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦᫬㛫ࠊᏛ⩦Ỉ‽ࠊᏛ⩦ᡂᯝ࡞࡝ࢆᇶ
‽࡟⦅ᡂࡉࢀࡓࠋ





85

 ࢖ࣥࣉࢵࢺࡸᩍᤵഃᮏ఩ࡢᏛ⩦࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ࠿ࡽࠊ࢔࢘ࢺࣉࢵࢺࡸᏛ⏕ᮏ఩ࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ࡬ࡢᨵ㠉ࡀせㄳࡉࢀࡓࠋ

5. ࣮࣎ࣟࢽ࣭ࣕࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢࣇࣛࣥࢫࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔࡬ࡢᙳ㡪‫ࡢ࡬ࢫࣥࣛࣇۍ‬ᙳ㡪 ᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ࡀ⤫୍ࡉࢀࠊࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔ྜ᱁࠿ࡽᩘ࠼࡚Ꮫኈ(Licence) 3 ᖺࠊಟኈ(Master)5 ᖺࠊ༤ኈ(Doctorat)8 ᖺ࡜࠸࠺ LMD ࡢಟ஢ᖺ㝈ࡢᆒ୍໬ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃྛᅜ࡜ࡢಟኈྕࠊ༤ኈྕࡢㄪ࿴໬ࢆ㐩ᡂࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
 2008 ᖺ࡟ࡣࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡛Ꮫࡪ␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢᩘࡀᏛ⏕⥲ᩘࡢ 12㸣ࢆ༨ࡵࠊࡲࡓࣇࣛ
ࣥࢫேࡀᾏእ␃Ꮫࡍࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡶቑ኱ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᅜ㝿໬࡟඘ศᑐᛂ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ຍ࠼࡚ࠊ࣮࣎ࣟࢽ࣭ࣕࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ⤒࡚ࠊᚑ᮶ࡣ⚾ⓗᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵ࡢࡳࡀಖ᭷ࡋ
࡚࠸ࡓ⮬἞ᶵ⬟ࡢᡤᣢᶒࡀ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵඲య࡟ᣑ኱ࡋࡓࠋ2010 ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊ60㸣ࡢ኱Ꮫࡀ⟶⌮⮬἞⬟ຊࢆࡶࡘᆅ఩ࢆ㑅ᢥࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᾏእࡢ஺ὶᥦᦠᰯ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢ኱Ꮫࡢᰂ㌾࡞ᑐᛂࡀቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
‫ࡢ࡬࢔ࢪ࢔ۍ‬ᙳ㡪 ࣮࣎ࣟࢽ࣭ࣕࣉࣟࢭࢫࡣࡑࡢᙳ㡪ຊࢆୡ⏺୰࡟Ἴཬࡉࡏࡓࠋ࢔ࢪ࢔࡛ࡣࠊ
Ḣᕞࡢᡂຌࢆཧ⪃࡟ᆅᇦࣞ࣋ࣝࡢࠕඹ࡟ᏛࡪࠖᏛ⏕஺ὶయไࡢᵓ⠏࡟ᑾຊࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊḢᕞࡢ᪋⟇ࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲཷࡅධࢀࡿഴྥ࡟࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢไ
ᗘ࣭ࢽ࣮ࢬ࡟ྜ⮴ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ ⌧ᅾࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔඲యࡢ༢఩ไᗘࡢ┦㐪࡟ᑐฎࡍ࡭ࡃࠊAAC㹱(࢔ࢪ࢔Ꮫ⾡༢఩)ࡀ᪋⾜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ༢఩ࡢ᥮⟬ࢆ⡆⣲໬ࡋࠊไᗘ໬ࡉࢀࡓබᖹ࡞༢఩஫᥮ไ
ᗘࢆ⟇ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ኱Ꮫ㛫ࡢಙ㢗ᛶࢆྥୖࡉࡏࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ᅪෆࡢᏛ⏕ࡢ␃ᏛࢆάⓎ໬ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

6. ࠾ࢃࡾ࡟
ᮏࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ࣮࣌ࣃ࣮ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢᩍ⫱ไᗘ࡜᪥ᮏࡢࡑࢀ࡜ࡢ኱ࡁ࡞
ᕪ␗ࢆయ⣔໬ࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡓࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᕪ␗ࡣࠊྛᅜ㛫࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬࡬ࡢᑐᛂ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࣮࣎ࣟࢽ࣭ࣕࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢࡼ࠺࡞
⤫୍໬ࡢヨࡳࡀୡ⏺つᶍ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࠊᅜᐙ㛫ࡢᩍ⫱ไᗘࡢᆒ୍໬ࡀᏛ⏕ࡢὶືᛶࢆ┈ࠎᐜ᫆࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௒ᅇࡢ▷ᮇᾏእㄪᰝ࡛ࠊࣃࣜ➨୐኱Ꮫࡸ࣮ࣦࣝ
࢙࣭ࣥ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ኱ᏛࡢᏛ⏕࡜࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞஺ὶࡀฟ᮶ࡿࡢࡶࠊࡑࡢᜠᜨࡢ
୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ


86୍᪉࡛ࠊᩍ⫱ไᗘࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡣࠊṔྐࡢὶࢀࡢ୰࡛㔊ᡂࡉࢀࡓࠊ࠸ࢃࡤࡑࡢ
ᅜᐙࡢᩥ໬࡜ࡶ࿧࡭ࡿഃ㠃࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍ⫱ไᗘࡢㄪ࿴ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࢢ
࣮ࣟࣂࣝ᫬௦ࡢせㄳ࡜ఏ⤫ࡢಖᣢ࡜࠸࠺ᑐ❧ᵓ㐀ࡢㄪ࿴࣭ጇ༠Ⅼࢆ᥈ࡿᚲせࡶᛀࢀ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩࣭URL ୍ぴ࣭ᅬᒣ኱♸⦅ࠊࢪࣕࣥ㸻ࣇࣛࣥࢯ࣭࣡ࢧࣈࣞⴭࠗ᪥௖ẚ㍑ ኚᐜࡍࡿ♫఍࡜ᩍ⫱࠘(᫂▼᭩ᗑࠊ2009 ᖺ)࣭ᯇሯࡺ࠿ࡾ⦅ⴭࠗᅜ㝿ὶື໬᫬௦ࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ʊே࡜▱ࡢࣔࣅࣜࢸ࢕࣮ࢆᢸ
࠺኱Ꮫʊ࠘(࣑ࢿࣦࣝ࢓᭩ᡣࠊ2016 ᖺ),➨㸵㹼㸷❶࣭ᅾ᪥ࣇࣛࣥࢫ኱౑㤋 ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢᩍ⫱ไᗘ
https://jp.ambafrance.org/article4034(᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥ࠊ2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥)࣭ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ไᗘ
http://kwww3.koshigaya.bunkyo.ac.jp/wiki/index.php/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%
E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%81%AE%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6(᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥ࠊ2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥)
࣭EU Ⓨ࣭Ꮫ⏕ὶື࡜ᩍ⫱㉁ಖドࡢ࢖ࣥࣃࢡࢺ : ࣟ࢖ࣔࢹࣝࡢᛂ⏝࡟ࡼࡿᩍ⫱⤒῭Ꮫⓗ⪃ᐹ http://doi.org/10.15057/18443(᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥ࠊ2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥)
࣭4㸬ㅖእᅜࡢ㈝⏝㈇ᢸࡢ⌧≧ - ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪ
http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/gimukyoiku/outline/001/007.htm(᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥ࠊ2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥)࣭2 ᩍ⫱ᢞ㈨ࡢỈ‽ - ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪ
www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/hakusho/html/hpab200901/1295628(᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥ࠊ2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥)࣭➨ 1 ❶ ᐙィ㈇ᢸࡢ⌧≧࡜ᩍ⫱ᢞ㈨ࡢỈ‽㸸ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬
http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/hakusho/html/hpab200901/detail/1296707.htm(᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥ࠊ2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥)࣭ᅗ㘓 ྜィ≉Ṧฟ⏕⋡ࡢ᥎⛣㸦᪥ᮏ࡜ㅖእᅜ㸧
http://www2.ttcn.ne.jp/honkawa/1550.html(᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥ࠊ2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥)





87

ᡂேᩍ⫱ࢆ㏻ࡋࡓ♫఍ㄢ㢟ࡢゎỴ኱ෆ㞞ஓᏊ
ᮏ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ࡛ࡣࠊᡂேᩍ⫱ࡢᐇែࢆ໭Ḣㅖᅜ࡜᪥ᮏ࡛ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࡢࡕࠊᡂே
ᩍ⫱ࡀ᪥ᮏ࡛ᮏ᱁ⓗ࡟㐺⏝ࡉࢀࢀࡤ᪥ᮏ♫఍඲య࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡀࡶ
ࡓࡽࡉࢀࡿࡢ࠿ࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ
1. ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
 L࣭ࢢࣛࢵࢺࣥ࡜㸿࣭ࢫࢥࢵࢺࡢඹⴭࠊࠗLIFE SHIFT࠘࡜࠸࠺ᮏࡀ࣋ࢫࢺࢭ
࣮ࣛ࡜ࡋ࡚ヰ㢟ࢆ࿧ࢇࡔࠋேࠎࡢ⏕ࡁ᪉ࡢኚ໬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡘ࡙ࡽࢀࡓⴭసࡔࡀࠊ
๓༙㒊ศࢆᢤ⢋ࡍࡿ࡜ࡑࡢᴫせࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ
௒᪥ࠊᅜࡸୡ௦࡟㛵ಀ࡞ࡃ㛗ᑑ໬ࡀⴭࡋࡃࠊ⌧ᅾ 20 ௦ࡢⱝ⪅ࡢᖹᆒᑑ࿨ࡣ
100 ṓࢆ㉺ࡍ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㛗ᑑ໬ࡣබⓗᖺ㔠ၥ㢟࣭ᅜຊࡢపୗ࡞࡝ࡢ
ࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ࡟┤⤖ࡍࡿགྷ⅏࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡀࡕ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᐇࡣ⌧௦♫఍ࡀ㐺ษ࡞ኚ໬ࢆ࠾ࡇࡏࡤᜠᜨ࡟ࡶ࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿࠋࡑࡢᜠᜨࢆ࠺ࡅࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊఱࡀᚲせࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋⴭ⪅ࡣᥦゝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠕᩍ⫱࣭ປാ࣭ᘬ㏥ࠖࡢ 3 ࢫࢸ࣮ࢪ࡟ศ
࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓே⏕ᵓᡂࢆࠊ౛࠼ࡤࠕᩍ⫱࣭࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ 1࣭࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ 2࣭࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ 3࣭
ᘬ㏥ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࡼࡾᰂ㌾࡟」ᩘࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࢆ✚ࡴ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢸ࣮ࢪࡢே
⏕ᵓᡂ࡟ኚ࠼ࢀࡤࡼ࠸࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ」ᩘࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࢆࡶࡘ஦ࡣࠊ100 ᖺ㛫ࡢ⏕ά㈨㔠ࢆ✌ࡄ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ࡔࡅ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡽࡎࠊࡑࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࡈ࡜࡟࣮࣡ࢡࣛ
࢖ࣇࣂࣛࣥࢫࡸ♫఍࡬ࡢ㈉⊩ᗘࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠊࡦ࡜ࡢ⏕ࡁ᪉ࡢᰂ㌾ᛶࡶྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࡢ⏕ࡁ᪉ࡣேࡧ࡜࡟ከᵝ࡞ࣛ࢖ࣇࢫࢱ࢖ࣝࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛㛗ᑑ໬࡟ࡼࡿᜠᜨ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚࠸࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ
࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ᫖௒ࡢᛴ㏿࡞ IT ໬ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡸ AI ࡢ㌍㐍࡞࡝ࡢᢏ
⾡㛤Ⓨ࡟ࡼࡿኚ໬ࡀ┠ぬࡲࡋ࠸⌧ᅾ࡟࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞⫋࡬ࡢ⛣⾜࡟࠾࠸࡚ປാ⪅⮬㌟ࡢᏛࡧ࡞࠾ࡋ࡜ࢫ࢟ࣝࡢ෌⩦ᚓ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᢞ㈨ࡀᚲ㡲࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡶࡋ
ྠࡌ⫋✀࡟ࡘࡁ⥆ࡅࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ᪥ࠎኚ໬ࡍࡿ⌧௦࡟࠾࠸࡚ 20 ௦๓༙࡟Ꮫࢇ
ࡔ▱㆑࡛ 80 ௦ࡲ࡛ാࡁ⥆ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ⌧ᐇⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ
㸦ⴭ⪅ࡣࠊ100 ᖺࡢᑑ࿨ࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁࠊ80 ௦࡛ᘬ㏥ࡍࢀࡤࠊ໅ປ᫬௦࡟ẖᖺᡤᚓࡢ 10%ࢆ㈓⵳ࡋᘬ㏥ᚋࡣ 50%┦ᙜࡢ㈨㔠࡛ẖᖺᬽࡽࡏࡿࠊ࡜ィ⟬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸧⥅⥆ⓗ࡞࢟
ࣕࣜ࢔ࢫ࢟ࣝࡢ࢖ࣥࣉࢵࢺࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿࡣࡎࡔࠋ
㸦ࢢࣛࢵࢺࣥ㸭ࢫࢥࢵࢺ,17-31 㡫ࠊ39-89 㡫㸧


88



 ࡇࡇ࡛ὀ┠ࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞⫋࡬ࡢ⛣⾜ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࠕ⮬㌟ࡢᏛ
ࡧ࡞࠾ࡋ࡜ࢫ࢟ࣝࡢ෌⩦ᚓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ୍ᗘ⫋࡟ᑵ࠸ࡓᡂே࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ㧗ᰯ༞ᴗࡋࡓ࡚
ࡢ኱Ꮫ⏕࡜ྠᵝ࡟୍࠿ࡽࢫ࢟ࣝ
ࡢ⩦ᚓࡀᅗࢀࡿሙࡀᚲせ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩍ⫱ไᗘࡢᐇ⌧ࡣ㛗ᑑ໬ࡢ㐍ᒎ࡟క࠸௒ᚋ㔜せᛶࢆቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡣࡎࡔࡀࠊ
ࡑࢀࢆᨭ࠼ࡿᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵࣭⾜ᨻ࣭⚟♴ࡀ௒ࡢ᪥ᮏ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ࠿࡝࠺
࠿ࡣ⏒ࡔ␲ၥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࡇ
ࡢ⌮᝿࡜⌧ᐇࡢࢠࣕࢵࣉࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࡲࡎࡣᡂேᩍ⫱ࡢᬑཬࡢᐇែ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᪥ᮏ࡜໭Ḣㅖᅜࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࡇࡢ࣏࣮ࣞ
ࢺ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᡂே࡜ࡣ኱Ꮫ࣭኱
Ꮫ㝔ࢆಟ஢ࡋࡓ 25 ṓ௨ୖ࡜ᐃ⩏ࡍࡿࠋ
2. ᪥ᮏ࡜ࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࡢẚ㍑
 ࣐ࣝࢥ࣒࣭ࣀ࢘ࣝࢬࡀ 1965 ᖺ࡟࢔ࣥࢻࣛࢦࢪ࣮㸦Andragogyࠊᡂேᩍ⫱Ꮫ㸧ࡢᴫᛕࢆⓎ⾲ࡋ࡚௨᮶ࠊᡂேᩍ⫱ࡣᅜ㝿㐃ྜᶵ㛵࡛༠㆟ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿ࡞࡝ᅜ㝿♫఍࡛ὀ┠ࡉࢀࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶᡂேᏛ⩦ㄽ࣭⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ㄽࡢయ⣔໬ࡣヨࡳࡽࢀ࡚ࡁ
ࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⡿ᒸ⿱⨾ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢࠕᡂேᩍ⫱࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᳨ウࡣᡂேᏛ⩦ㄽࡢ㐍ᒎ࡯࡝࡟ࡣ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸࡞࠸ࠖ
㸦⡿ᒸࠊp.75㸧࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋࠊ
ࠕ኱ேࡢᏛ⩦ࢆ┤᥋ⓗ࡟ᨭ᥼ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊయ⣔ⓗ࡟ㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࠖ㸦⡿ᒸ p.75㸧࡜୺ᙇࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓ㕥ᮌᗣ⨾࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊCiNii ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᪥ᮏࡢࠕᡂேᩍ⫱ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᩥ⊩᳨⣴ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ 883 ௳ࠊࠕᡂேᏛ⩦ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᩥ⊩᳨⣴ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ 173 ௳࡛࠶ࡾࠊ
ࠕ་⒪ࠖ࡞࡝࡛ศ㔝ࢆ⤠ࢀࡤᩥ⊩ᩘࡣࡉࡽ࡟ῶࡿࡇ࡜ࠊCiNii ෆ᳨࡛⣴࡛ࡁࡿㄽᩥᩘࡀ 1800 ୓௳࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛࠸࠿࡟ࠕᡂேᩍ⫱ࠖ࡜࠸࠺⏝ㄒࡸㄆ㆑ⓗᯟ⤌ࡳࡀᐃ╔ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠿ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ⌧࡟ᬑཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᪥ᮏࡢ
ᡂேᩍ⫱ࡣ MBI ࡞࡝ࡢ⤒ႠᏛ⛉┠ࡀ୰ᚰ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡋࡤࡽࡃ⤒㦂ࢆ✚ࢇࡔ࣋ࢸࣛࣥࡀྠࡌᴗ⏺࡛⤒Ⴀ࡟ᦠࢃࡿࡓࡵࡢ‽ഛẁ㝵࡜ࡋ࡚ಟᏛࡉࢀࡿ஦ᐇࢆ㚷ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊࠗLIFE SHIFT࠘ࡢ㊃᪨࡛࠶ࡿࠕ᪂ࡓ࡞㡿ᇦࢆᏛࡧ᪂ࡋ࠸࢟ࣕࣜ࢔࡟⛣⾜ࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺࣐ࣝࢳࣛ࢖ࣇࢫࢸ࣮ࢪࡢ୺ᙇ࠿ࡽࡣࡎࢀࡿ࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ





89

ࡲࡓᘬ㏥ᚋ࡟኱Ꮫ࡟ධࡾ࡞࠾ࡍ⪁㱋ࡢᏛ⏕ࡶぢࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊᙼࡽࡢཷㅮ┠ⓗࡣᩍ㣴ࡢ῝໬ࡀ୺࡛࠶ࡾࠊཷㅮࢆ௒ᚋࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࢳ࢙ࣥࢪ࡟ᙺ❧࡚ࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ
ពᅗࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊࡇࡢࢣ࣮ࢫࡶᮏ✏ࡢ୺ᙇࡢ୰ᚰ࡛࠶ࡿࠕ࣐ࣝࢳ࢟ࣕࣜ
࢔ࡢࡓࡵࡢ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ࠖ࠿ࡽࡣእࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡼ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟
ࡣᡂேᩍ⫱ࡣ࡯ࡰᾐ㏱ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ୍᪉࡛ࠊᡂேᩍ⫱ࡢᬑཬ࡟ᑾຊࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡀ໭Ḣㅖᅜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᡂேᩍ⫱ࡣᏛ⩦༠఍ࡢάືࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ᬑཬࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ໭Ḣ඲యᖹᆒ࡛ᡂேࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ 25㸣ࡀཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㧗࠸ᑵᏛ⋡ࡣࠊබ┈㈈ᅋἲேࣁ࢖ࣛ࢖ࣇ◊✲ᡤࡢ㡲Ọᫀ༤ࡀゝ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ໭Ḣ࡟ఫࡴேࠎ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ᩍ⫱࡜ࡣⱝᖺᮇ࡟᏶ᡂࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛
ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࠕ㛗࠸ࢫࣃ࡛ࣥ⥆ࡁ୍⏕ᾭ⮬ᕫᙧᡂࢆຓࡅࡿࡶࡢࠖ࡜ࡢㄆ㆑ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀ㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ໭Ḣㅖᅜ㛫࡛ࡶⓎᒎ᫬ᮇࡸᙧែ࡟ᕪ␗ࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊࢫ࢙࣮࢘ࢹࣥ࡟↔Ⅼࢆ࠶࡚࡚ࡲࡎࡣᡂேᩍ⫱ࡢṔྐࢆᢕᥱࡋࡓ࠸ࠋࢫ࢙࣮࢘ࢹࣥࡢᡂேᩍ⫱ไᗘࡣ⩏ົᩍ⫱ࡢ⿵᏶ᶵ⬟࡜ࡋ࡚ึࡵ࡚⪃᱌ࡉࢀࠊᅜ఍࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࡌࡵ࡚ᡂேᩍ⫱ࡀྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࠕᡂேᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉ࠖࡀጞࡵࡽࢀࡓࡢࡀ 1967 ᖺࠊᅜ㝿㐃ྜ࡛ࡑࡢᴫᛕࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࢃࡎ࠿ 2 ᖺᚋࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙜ᫬ᛴ㏿࡞⤒῭Ⓨᒎ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࠺
ࡿປാຊ⫱ᡂࡀ㟂せࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵࠊึᮇࡢᐇ㉁ⓗ࡞ᑐ㇟ࡣࡼࡾᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱ࢆ
㏣ồࡋ኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫࢆ┠ᣦࡍᡂே࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢ㡭ࡢᡂேᩍ⫱ࡣ୍㒊ࡢ࢚࣮ࣜࢺᒙ
ࢆᑐ㇟࡟㧗ᗘ࡞ᑓ㛛⫋ࡢ⫱ᡂࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿពᅗࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ᪉㔪ࡀᩍ⫱᱁ᕪࢆ⏕ࡴ࡜ࡢᢈุࡀ࠶ࡀࡗ࡚࠿ࡽࡣࠊ⩏ົᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉࡟ࡼࡿᩍ⫱ᶵ఍ࡢᖹ➼ࡸ᭱⤊ᏛṔỈ‽ྥୖࢆᇶ‽࡟ᩍ⫱⌮ᛕࡀࡓ࡚ࡽࢀࠊࡑࡢᘏ㛗⥺ୖ࡛ᡂேᩍ⫱ࡀ㆟ㄽࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ኚ໬ࡋࡓࠋ1970 ᖺ௦ᚋ༙࡟ධࡿ࡜ࠊ♫఍⫼ᬒࡢኚ㑄࡟క࠸ປാᕷሙࡢせㄳ࡟ࡇࡓ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡸᛴ㏿࡞ᢏ⾡㠉᪂࡬ࡢᑐᛂ࡞࡝ࡀไᗘࡢ᰿ᖿ࡟
⨨࠿ࢀࡓࡢ࡟ຍ࠼ࠊᡂேᩍ⫱ࡢሙࡣḟ➨࡟ᨻ἞ᛶࢆᖏࡧࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࠊ⎔ቃ㐠ືᅋయࠊዪᛶ㐠ືࠊ⛣Ẹᩍ⫱࡞࡝ࡢ♫఍㐠ືࡢᣐⅬ࡜ࡶ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ


90



 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ṕྐⓗ⫼ᬒ࠿ࡽࠊᏛ⩦ࡢෆᐜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ་⒪࣭ᩱ⌮࣭㔠⼥࡞࡝ࡢ⫋ᴗࢫ࢟ࣝࡢᩍ⫱ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓ⫋ᴗカ⦎ᰯ㸦ୗᅗᕥୖ㸧ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ㡢ᴦ࣭
₇๻࣭ࢲࣥࢫ࣭ᡭᕤⱁ࡞࡝ᩥ໬ఏ㐩ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࣜ࣋ࣛࣝ࡞Ꮫ⩦㸦ୗᅗྑୗ㸧ࡶከ࠸ࠋእᅜㄒࠊࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ㛵㐃࡞࡝ࠊ㏆ᖺ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚㔜せᛶࢆቑࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ
⛉┠㸦ୗᅗᕥୗ㸧ࡶタ⨨ࡉࢀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡣ≉࡟ேẼࡀ㧗࠸࡜࠸࠺ࠋࡲࡓ⛣Ẹ࣭ᑡᩘẸ᪘࣭㞀ࡀ࠸⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿゝㄒ⩦ᚓࡸ⫋ᴗカ⦎㸦ୗᅗྑୗ㸧ࡶᡂேᩍ⫱ࡢ୍⎔࡜ࡋ࡚ᬑཬࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࠊከᩥ໬ࡀΰᅾࡍࡿࢫ࢙࣮࢘ࢹ࡛ࣥ␗࡞ࡿẸ᪘ⓗ࣭ᩥ໬ⓗ⫼ᬒࢆᣢࡘ⪅ࡀᩍ⫱ࢆ㏻ࡋᕷẸ♫఍࡟㐺ᛂ࡛ࡁࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢேࡀᖹ
➼࡟♫఍࡟ཧຍ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺㓄៖ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

*ኴ⏣⨾ᖾࠗ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦♫఍ࡢ࣏ࣜࢸ࢕ࢵࢡࢫ ࢫ࢙࣮࢘ࢹࣥᡂேᩍ⫱ࡢṔྐ࡜ᵓ㐀࠘ࢆࡶ࡜࡟➹⪅సᡂ ࢫ࢙࣮࢘ࢹࣥࡢᡂேᩍ⫱ࡣ୰➼ᩍ⫱㸦᪥ᮏ࡛ࡢ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ㸧ࡲ࡛࡜㐪࠸ᤵᴗᩱࡀ࠿࠿ࡿࡀࠊᨻᗓ࡟ࡼࡿ㈨㔠᥼ຓಖ㞀ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ௻ᴗഃ࠿ࡽ㔠㖹⿵ຓࡀฟࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ㔠㖹ⓗ࡟኱ࡁ࡞㈇ᢸ࡟ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢఇᬤ࡜⫋ሙ᚟ᖐᚋࡢ⫋ࡢ☜ಖࡀไᗘ࡛⿵ൾࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᡂேᩍ⫱࡬ࡢཧຍࡀ᫬㛫࡜཰ධࡢ㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚වࡡྜ࠸ࢆᅗࢀࡿࡼ࠺⪃៖ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ
ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
3. ᡂேᩍ⫱ࡢ᭷⏝ᛶ ໭Ḣࡢᡂேᩍ⫱ࡣᐇ㝿࡟ᡂேᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ⫋ᴗࢫ࢟ࣝࢆྥୖࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࢁ
࠺࠿ࠋ ௨ୗࡢ⾲ࡣ Torben Fridber ࡽࡢㄽᩥ“Adult Skills in the Nordic Region Key
Information Processing Skills Among Adults in the Nordic Region” ࠿ࡽࡢࠊ30-65ṓࡢᏛ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓᡂேᩍ⫱ࡢ‶㊊ᗘ࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࡢᘬ⏝࡛࠶ࡿࠋ




91

Denmark 

Estonia 

Finland

Norway  Sweden

Torben Fridber et al., “Adult Skills in the Nordic Region Key Information
Processing Skills Among Adults in the Nordic Region”188 㡯࠿ࡽᘬ⏝ Formal education ࡜ࡣࠊ“Formal education results in a qualification documented
in some diploma or certificate approved by educational authorities in a country,
according to certain standards”㸦Fridber et al., p.23㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢ⾲࡟࠾ࡅࡿ Formal
education ࡣ♫఍ே࡜࡞ࡿ๓ࡢᏛ⏕ࡀ࡜ࡿᗙᏛࡸ㈨᱁ࡢᤵᴗ࡟ࡕ࠿࠸ࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ୍᪉ Non-formal education ࡣ Open or distance education, Organizedsessions for on-the-job-training or training by supervisors or co-workers, Seminars orworkshops, and Other courses or private lessons ࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞ᤵᴗ࡞ࡀ
ࡽࡶᏛ⏕ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ᙧᡂࢆぢᤣ࠼ࡓᤵᴗ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ Fridber ࡽ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ⮬ᅜࡢᡂேᩍ⫱ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊFormal education ࡀࠕ඘ศ࡟௙஦
࡟ᙺ❧ࡘࠖ࡜⟅࠼ࡓࡢࡣࠊࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡ࡛ 86.5%ࠊ࢚ࢫࢺࢽ࢔࡛ 70.7%ࠊࣇ࢕ࣥ
ࣛࣥࢻ࡛ 81%ࠊࣀ࢙࣮࡛ࣝ࢘ 84㸣ࠊࢫ࢙࣮࢘ࢹ࡛ࣥ 64.6%࡛࠶ࡿࠋNon-formal
education ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡ࡛ 90.8%ࠊ࢚ࢫࢺࢽ࢔࡛ 70.8%ࠊࣇ࢕ࣥࣛࣥ
ࢻ࡛ 77.2%ࠊࣀ࢙࣮࡛ࣝ࢘ 86.1%ࠊࢫ࢙࣮࢘ࢹ࡛ࣥ 70.7㸣࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⾲࠿ࡽࠊᡂேᩍ⫱ࡀ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ᙧᡂ࡟᭷⏝࡛࠶ࡿ‶㊊ᗘࡢ㧗࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࠊ௒ᚋࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔໬ࡢࡓࡵ࡟㟂せࡉࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡶࡢ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ
࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⛉┠ࡀ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࡢ࡝ࡢഃ㠃࡟ຠᯝࢆࡶࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ᐈほⓗ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࡣබ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊࡉࡽ࡞ࡿㄪᰝࡢ㐍ᒎࡀㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᡂேᩍ⫱ࡢලయⓗ࡞ᡂᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶぢ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋᡂேᚋࡢᏛ⩦ࡢᡂᯝࡢࡳࡀᡂே๓ᩍ⫱࡟⊂❧ࡋ࡚♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⛉┠ࡣ࡞࠿࡞࠿࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ
໭Ḣ࡬ࡢᡂே⛣Ẹࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓゝㄒᩍ⫱࡟ど㔝ࢆࡦࢁࡆ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡣᮏ


92



࣏࣮ࣞࢺࡢ㍈࡛࠶ࡿ⫋ᴗࢫ࢟ࣝྥୖࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽࡎࢀࡓᏛ⩦ෆᐜࡔࡀࠊᡂேᏛ
⩦࡟ࡼࡿᡂᯝࡢࡳࢆᢳฟࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢព࿡ࢆᣢࡘࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ௨ୗࡢ⾲ࡣ㸪⸨ᒸ⣧୍ⴭࠗࢫ࢙࣮࢘ࢹࣥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡢ⌧≧࡜ㄢ㢟࠘࠿ࡽᘬ⏝ࡋࡓࠊ2007 ᖺ࡟ࢫ࢙࣮࢘ࢹࣥㄒᏛࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ Svenska för Invandrare࡛Ꮫ⩦ࢆጞࡵࡓ⛣Ẹ⪅ࡢ 2009 ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢᏛ⩦⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢫ࢙࣮࢘ࢹࣥ඲య࡛
34,104 ேࡢ⏕ᚐࡀ Svenska för Invandrare ࢆጞࡵࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ⣙ 8 ๭ࡀ 25 ṓ௨ୖࡢᡂே࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ⛣Ẹࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓゝㄒᩍ⫱ࡣᡂேᩍ⫱ࡢ୍⎔࡜ࡋ࡚ぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ

⸨ᒸ⣧୍ⴭࠗࢫ࢙࣮࢘ࢹࣥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡢ⌧≧࡜ㄢ㢟࠘48 㡯ཧ↷ ⸨ᒸ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃඹ㏻ㄒᏛࣞ࣋ࣝࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢࣉࣟࢢู࣒ࣛ࡟ぢࡿ࡜㸪ಟ஢⪅61.8% ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸯A (⡆༢࡞᪥ᖖ⾲⌧࣭⡆༢࡞ᩥ❶ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࣞ࣋ࣝ)ಟ஢⪅ࡀ4.6%㸪ྠࡌࡃ㸯B(⡆༢࡞⮬ᕫ⾲⌧ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࣞ࣋ࣝ) ࡀ
2.5%㸪㸰B(ฟ᮶஦࡟㛵ࡍࡿሗ࿌࣭⌮⏤ㄝ᫂ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ) ࡀ11.3%㸪㸰C(ࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡜ὶᬸ࡟ヰࡏࡿࣞ࣋ࣝ) ࡀ8.2%㸪㸱C(」㞧࡞஦᝟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ᫂☜࡛ᘓタⓗ࡟ヲ⣽࡟ࢃࡓࡾពぢࢆ㏙࡭ࡽࢀࡿࣞ࣋ࣝ) ࡀ7.7%㸪㸱D (ࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈࣞ࣋ࣝ)ࡀ
27.6% ࡜ࡢ⤫ィࡀ࡜ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᵝࠎ࡞ᅜ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹࡀ࠸ࡿ࡟ࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎㄒᏛ
Ỉ‽ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ໭Ḣࡢᡂேᩍ⫱ไᗘࡀᡂ⇍ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ
♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼࡚ࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ
4. ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡢ㐺⏝ ࠗLIFE SHIFT࡛࠘㆟ㄽࡢ୰᰾࡟⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㛗ᑑ໬ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾࠸࡚≉࡟ⴭࡋ࠸ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊୡ⏺࡟ඛࢇࡌࡓ᪥ᮏࡢ㉸㧗㱋໬♫఍࡟క࠸ே⏕ࡢ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢸ࣮ࢪ໬ࠊࡘࡲࡾࡣ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ࣐ࣝࢳ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔໬࡬ࡢᑐฎࡣࡼࡾ
୍ᒙᚲ↛ᛶࢆቑࡍࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ຍ࠼࡚ࠊୖグࡢ໭Ḣㅖᅜࡢࡼ࠺࡟᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶᖺ㱋࡟㛵ಀ࡞ࡃ᪂ࡓ࡞Ꮫ⩦ࢆጞ





93

ࡵࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞⎔ቃࡀᩚ࠼ࡤࠊປാ⪅ࡢ⥅⥆ⓗ࡞ࢫ࢟ࣝྥୖࡀぢ㎸ࡲࢀປാ⏕⏘ᛶࡀྥୖࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ㛗ᑑ໬ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃᑡᏊ໬࡟క࠺ປാ⏕⏘ᛶࡢపୗ࡟ࡶ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘᑐᛂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋᡂேᩍ⫱ࡢᬑཬࡣࠊ
ேⓗ㈨※ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶᅜຊࡢಖᣢࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿᡭẁࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ୍ࡘ࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ
࠺ࠋ ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ࢫ࢟ࣝࡢ⩦ᚓࡢᶵ఍ࡀኻᴗ⪅࡟ࡶᗈࡃ㛤࠿ࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ
ኻᴗ⋡ࡢపୗࡶぢ㎸ࡵ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࡀ㐍ࡳ௚ᅜࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡸࡍ࠸௒ࠊኻᴗ⪅ࡀ෌ฟⓎ࡛ࡁࡿᶵ఍ࢆ⏝ពࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ♫఍⚟♴ࡢ୍⎔࡜ࡋ࡚㔜どࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ஦᯶ࡔࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡀከࡃᏑᅾࡍࡿᡂேᩍ⫱ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥⣔௻ᴗ≉᭷ࡢ⤊㌟㞠⏝ไᗘ࡜ᖺຌᗎิⓗ࡞ᙺ๭ኚ໬ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
࠸ࡗࡓࢇධ♫ࡍࢀࡤᐃᖺ㏥⫋ࡲ࡛Ᏻᐃⓗ࡟௙஦ࢆ⥆ࡅࡽࢀࡿࠊࡑࡋ࡚Ᏻᐃࡋ࡚᪼㐍ࡀぢ㎸ࡲࢀࡿࡇࡢไᗘ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ⫋࡟ᑵ࠸࡚࠿ࡽ᪂ࡓ࡟Ꮫ⩦ࢆጞࡵࡿᚲ
↛ᛶࡣప࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ௒࡛ࡣປാᕷሙࡢ㠀ຠ⋡ࡢᮍゎỴࡀࢥࢫࢺ㧗࡜⏕⏘ຊࡢపୗ࡟⧅ࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏ௻ᴗࡣᾏእ࠿ࡽࡢ㟂せࢆ⋓ᚓ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸⌧ᐇ࠿ࡽࠊ᪥⣔௻ᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ⤊㌟㞠⏝ไ࣭ᖺຌᗎิไ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ๓᫬௦ⓗ࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ㔜どࡉࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣ㧗࠸ࠋࡑࢇ࡞ኚ໬ࡢ୰ࠊᡂேᩍ⫱ࡢ㟂せࡣࡉࡽ࡟㧗ࡲࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ ලయⓗ࡞᪋⟇࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ࣭኱Ꮫ࣭኱Ꮫ㝔ࡀᡂேᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵ࡢせ࡜ࡋ࡚㛛ᡞࢆ㛤ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ⌧ᐇⓗ࡟ᛮ࠼ࡿࠋᩍ⫱㈝ࡣᏛ⩦⪅ᮏேࡢ㈇ᢸࡢ௚ࠊ㞠⏝⪅ࡢᩍ⫱ᶵ఍࡟ᑐࡋ࡚௻ᴗࡀ㔠㖹ⓗ㈇ᢸࢆ㈇࠺ࢣ࣮ࢫࡶᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡀ᫬㛫ࡢไ⣙ࢆཷࡅ࡞ࡃ࡚῭ࡴࡼ࠺ࠊᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢఇᬤ࡜⫋ሙ᚟ᖐᚋࡢ⫋ࡢ☜ಖࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡣࡎࡔࠋ
 ࠕ⮬㌟ࡢᏛࡧ࡞࠾ࡋ࡜ࢫ࢟ࣝࡢ෌⩦ᚓࠖࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡋࠊ♫఍࡟ᬑཬࡉࡏࡿࡓ
ࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞࢟ࣕࣜ࢔࡬⛣⾜ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ▱㆑Ꮫ⩦ࡸࢫ࢟ࣝ⩦ᚓࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿ
ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᏛ⩦᫬ᮇ࡟㔠㖹ⓗ࡞⿵ຓࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿ♫఍⚟♴ไᗘࡸࠊ♫఍ேᏛ⩦ࢆಁࡍ௻ᴗࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡞࡝ࠊከࡃࡢ㠉᪂ࡀᚲせࡔࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ┦ᛂࡢᩍ⫱⎔ቃᩚഛࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡉ࠼ࡍࢀࡤࠊᡂேᩍ⫱ࡀࡦ࡜࡜♫఍࡟ࡶࡓࡽࡍྍ⬟ᛶࡣᩚഛࡢࢥࢫࢺࢆୖᅇࡿࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡿࠋேࡢࣛ࢖ࣇࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࢆ㇏࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡔ
ࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ♫఍ⓗ࡟ࡶ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡢከ࠸ᡂேᩍ⫱ࡢ᭷⏝ᛶࡀ௻ᴗ࣭⾜ᨻ࡟ㄆࡵࡽࢀ┦ᛂࡋ࠸ᩍ⫱⎔ቃࡀ࡜࡜ࡢ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㢪࠺ࠋ


94



ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩࣭URL ୍ぴኴ⏣⨾ᖾࠗ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦♫఍ࡢ࣏ࣜࢸ࢕ࢵࢡࢫ ࢫ࢙࣮࢘ࢹࣥᡂேᩍ⫱ࡢṔྐ࡜ᵓ㐀࠘
㸦2011㸧ᰴᘧ఍♫᪂ホㄽᑠᓥࣈࣥࢦ࣮ࢻᏕᏊࠗ⚟♴ࡢᅜࡣᩍ⫱኱ᅜ ࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡ࡟Ꮫࡪ⏕ᾭᩍ⫱࠘(2004)୸ၿᰴᘧ఍♫
㕥ᮌᗣ⨾ࠗᡃࡀᅜࡢ┳ㆤ࡜་⒪ࡢ㡿ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᛶேཱྀᗄ࣭ᡂேᏛ⩦࡟㛵ࡍࡿᩥ⊩⪃ᐹ࠘<http://teapot.lib.ocha.ac.jp/ocha/handle/10083/52787 >㸦᭱⤊㜀ぴ᪥:2017 ᖺ 7
᭶ 24 ᪥㸧㡲Ọᫀ༤ࠗࢫ࢙࣮࢘ࢹࣥࡢᡂேᩍ⫱࣭⫋ᴗᩍ⫱࠘බ┈㈈ᅋἲேࣁ࢖ࣛ࢖ࣇ◊✲ᡤ<http://www.hilife.or.jp/sweden2/?p=444> (᭱⤊㜀ぴ᪥:2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥)< https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P5Awun58QHs&t=321s> A youtube video㸦᭱⤊㜀ぴ᪥:2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥㸧Torben Fridberg, Anders Rosdahl et al., “Adult Skills in the Nordic Region Key
Information Processing Skills Among Adults in the Nordic Region”, Norden, 2015.
Ministry of Education and CultureࠊFinnish National Board of EducationࠊCIMO
ࠗࣇ࢕ࣥࣛࣥࢻᩍ⫱ᴫせ࠘<http://www.oph.fi/download/151277_education_in_finland_japanese_2013.pdf>
(᭱⤊㜀ぴ᪥:2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥)⸨ᒸ⣧୍ࠗࢫ࢙࣮࢘ࢹࣥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡢ⌧≧࡜ㄢ㢟࠘
<https://kusw.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_action_common_download&item_id=193&item_no=1&attribute_id=22&file_no=1>(᭱⤊㜀ぴ᪥:2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥)⡿ᒸ⿱⨾ࠗ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᡂேᩍ⫱᪉ἲㄽࡢᵓ㐀࡟㛵ࡍࡿ୍⪃ᐹ࠘<https://repository.kulib.kyoto-.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/139413/1/edsy10_75.pdf>
 (᭱⤊㜀ぴ᪥:2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 24 ᪥)ࣜࣥࢲ࣭ࢢࣛࢵࢺࣥ/࢔ࣥࢻ࣮࣭ࣜࣗࢫࢥࢵࢺࠗLife Shift ࠘㸦2016㸧ᮾὒ⤒῭᪂
ሗ♫





95

EU ࡢ་⒪ಖ㞀ไᗘíííí⤫ྜࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚࠸࠸ࡢ࠿㸽⠛⏣ ⏤⌮1. ࡞ࡐࡇࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࢆ㸽 ⚾஦࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࡢ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࢆỴࡵࡿ᫬ᮇ࡟Ẽ⟶ᨭ⅖࡟࡞ࡾࠊᩘ᪥
኱Ꮫࢆఇࢇ࡛⒪㣴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᑅ࡟ࡣఫࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢᑅẕࡉࢇࡀ࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛
ࡶ࡞ࡃࠊಖ೺ᐊࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊᦠᖏ࡛ࠕ㎞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᩥᏐࢆぶ࡟ᡴࡕࠊ㈙࠸≀ࡸ┳⑓ࡣ඲࡚㞄ࡢ㒊ᒇࡢᏊࡸྠࡌᑅࡢ཭㐩࡟㢗ࡾࡗࡁࡾ࡟࡞ࡗ
࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋᣢࡕྜࢃࡏࡢ࠾㔠ࡶ࡞ࡃࠊ㏆ࡃ࡟㖟⾜ࡶ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊὴฟᡤ࡟⾜ࡁṧ㧗ࡀࢃࡎ࠿ࡋ࠿࡞࠸ཱྀᗙ࠿ࡽ⑓㝔࡟⾜ࡃࡓࡵࡢ࠾㔠ࢆ࠾ࢁࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡔ
ࡅ࡛㊊ࡾࡿࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠊࡇࢀ௨ୖ㐲ࡃࡲ࡛㊊ࢆ㐠࡭ࡿయຊࡶ࡞࠸ࡢ࡟ࠊࡶࡋ㊊ࡾ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡝࠺ࡋࡓࡽ࠸࠸ࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ୙Ᏻࢆ࠿࠿࠼ཷデࡋࡓࠋ
デ⒪ࡀ⤊ࢃࡾ࠸ࡊ఍ィ࡬ࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀ᳨ᰝ௦ࢆྵࡵ࡚ࡶ㦫ࡃ࡯࡝㈝⏝ࡀᑡ㢠ࡔࡗࡓࠋᬑẁࡣఱẼ࡞ࡃཷデࡋ఍ィࢆ῭ࡲࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊࡔࡿ࠸㌟యࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ㏆ࡃࡢ⑓㝔࡟⾜ࡃࡢࡶ୍ⱞປࡔࡗࡓ࠶ࡢ᫬࡯࡝ࠊ೺ᗣಖ㝤ドࢆᥦ♧ࡍࢀࡤ㈇ᢸ
ࡀ㍍ࡃ࡞ࡿ᪥ᮏࡢ་⒪ไᗘ࡟ឤㅰࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ ㄡࡔࡗ࡚⑓Ẽ࡟࡞ࡿࡋ⑓㝔࡟ୡヰ࡟࡞ࡾࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ་⒪ไᗘࡢᜠᜨࢆཷࡅࡿ
ࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡀᖖ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽࡇࡑ⚾ࡓࡕࡣẼ࡟␃ࡵ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚
ࡋࡲࡗ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡢ⏕ά࡜་⒪ࡣษࡗ࡚ࡶษࢀ࡞࠸㛵ಀ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ᪥ᮏࡢእ࡬ฟ࡚⾜ࡃࡇ࡜ࡶከࡃ࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡢ᫬ࠊ
⚾ࡓࡕࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࠿ࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ␲ၥ࡜ඹ
࡟ඛ᪥ᜠᜨࢆឤࡌࡓ་⒪ไᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࡗ࡜▱ࡾࡓࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ

2. ⤫ྜࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚࠸࠸ࡢ㸽 ̿ ⌧≧࡜␲ၥ EU ࡣࠊ㎰ᴗࡸ஺㏻⥙ࡢศ㔝࡟࠾࠸࡚ඹ㏻ࡢᨻ⟇ࡸබඹ஺㏻ᶵ㛵ࢆᡤ᭷ࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ་⒪ไᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊఱ࠿୍ࡘ኱ࡁ࡞ᶵ㛵ࡸ⤌⧊ࡀᏑᅾࡋࠊࡑࢀ
ࡽࡀྛᅜࡢ㛫ࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚་⒪ไᗘࢆᬑཬࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡔ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡋ࠿
ࡋࠊᐇ㝿࡟ࡣࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᶵ㛵ࡸ⤌⧊ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ
ࠕປാ⪅ࡢ⛣ືࢆ㜼Ṇࡋ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜
࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ➨୍┠ᶆ࡟ࠊࠕᩚྜ໬ࠖࢆⓎᒎࡉࡏ࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢࡀ⌧ᅾࡢ EU ࡢ་⒪ಖ㞀ไᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࡢసᡂ࡟࠶ࡓࡾࠊ୺࡜ࡋ࡚♫఍ಖ㞀ㄽࢆᑓ㛛࡜ࡍࡿᒸఙ୍ࡢ◊✲࡟౫ᣐࡋࡓ㸦ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㸯㸧ࠋᒸ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊEU ࡢ་⒪ಖ㞀ไᗘࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ㝿࡟ࡣࠊࠕᩚྜ໬ࠖ࡜ࠕㄪ࿴໬ࠖࢆ༊ูࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࠋ
ࠕᩚྜ໬ࠖ࡜ࡣࠊ࠶ࡿᅜࡢἲᚊࢆⴭࡋࡃኚ࠼࡞࠸⛬ᗘ࡟ࠊᇦෆࢆ⛣ືࡍࡿປ


96



ാ⪅࡜ࡑࡢᐙ᪘ࢆಖㆤࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࡑࡢᅜࡢἲᚊࡸไᗘࢆᣑᙇࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ
࡜࡟࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠋ ࠕᩚྜ໬࡛ࠖྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠊ࡜⪺ࡁࠊ⌧ᐇ࡟ࡶࡓ࠸ࡋࡓၥ㢟ࡶ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊࡑ࠺࠿࡜⣡ᚓࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊヰࢆᡠࡍ࡜ࠊ㎰ᴗࡸ஺㏻ࡢศ㔝࡛ࡣㄪ࿴໬ࢆィࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡟་⒪ไᗘࡣྛᅜ࡛␗࡞ࡗࡓࡲࡲ࡛ࡼ࠸ࡢ
ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡣఱ࡞ࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ ᅜእ࡟ࡣఱᗘ࠿᪑⾜࡟⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊEU ຍ┕ᅜ࡟ࡣ⾜ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࡞ࡃࠊࡲ
ࡓẸ᪘ࡶ᐀ᩍࡶ␗࡞ࡿᅜࠎࡢ㐃ྜయࢆ᝿ീࡋ⌧≧ࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊᏳ᫆࡞⪃࠼࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊEU ࢆㅖᅜᐙࡢ㞟ྜయ࡜ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ
㒔㐨ᗓ┴ࡦ࡜ࡘࡦ࡜ࡘࢆᑠࡉ࡞ᅜᐙ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡏࡤ᪥ᮏࡶㅖᅜᐙࡢ㞟ྜయ࡜ࡋ࡚
⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃࠼ࡓࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇᵓᡂẸ᪘ࡶࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᅜࡢṔྐ
ࡶ㈈ᨻつᶍࡶ␗࡞ࡿࠋࡔࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑ࠺⪃࠼ࢀࡤࠊࡦ࡜ࡘ㞄ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕
ࡀ඲ࡃ␗࡞ࡿ⤒῭୺య࡟ᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᝿ീࡋࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ࠋ
⮬ศࡀࡑࡢ≧ἣ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺࡜࠸ࡃࡘ࠿␲ၥࡀࢃ࠸࡚ࡁࡓࠋฟᙇࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ
ฟ࠿ࡅඛ࡛ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ไᗘ࡞ࡢ࠿▱ࡗ࡚࠾࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ་⒪ရࡸ
デᐹᩱࡢ౯᱁➇தࡣ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ㈈ᨻ࡟వ⿱ࡢ࠶ࡿ⮬἞యࡣࠊඃ
⚽࡞ேᮦࢆ⫱࡚ࡽࢀࡑ࠺ࠋ⛯⋡ࡀ␗࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊேࡢ⛣ືࡀ㉳ࡇࡾࠊ㐣␯໬ࡸ㐣ᐦ໬ࡣ㐍ࡲ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿ࠋ ௨ୖࡢࢫࢸࢵࣉࢆ㋃ࡳࠊEU ࡀ་⒪ไᗘࢆ᏶඲࡟⤫ྜࡉࡏ࡞࠸⌮⏤ࡢ௬ㄝࢆ❧࡚࡚ࡳࡓࠋ୍ࡘ┠ࡣ㈈ᨻࡢၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋEU ࡟ࡣ⌧ᅾ 28 ࣨᅜ㸦ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㸰㸸እົ┬࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪࡼࡾ 2016 ᖺࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ౑⏝㸧ࡀᡤᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡶࡕࢁ
ࢇ㈈ᨻつᶍ࡟ࡣ㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺ࡀࠊࡑࡇ࡟ᆒࡏ࡞࠸࡯࡝ࡢᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡔࢁ
࠺࠿ࠋ஧ࡘ┠ࡣࠊேཱྀᵓᡂࡢ㐪࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏࡣ඲ᅜⓗ࡟㧗㱋໬ࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸
ࡿࡀࠊEU ຍ┕ᅜෆ࡛ࡣ㧗㱋໬࡟ࡶᕪࡀ࠶ࡾࠊୖグ࡛㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࡑࡢᕪࢆ
ᆒࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜ᴟᗘࡢ୙ᖹ➼ࡸ▷ᡤࡀ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ
୕ࡘ┠ࡣ་Ꮫไᗘࡢ㐪࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㞟ࡵࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡸㄽᩥࢆୗ࡟ࠊ௨ୗࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ௬ㄝࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ

3. EU ࡢ་⒪ไᗘ㐠Ⴀ᪉ἲ ௬ㄝࡢ᳨ウ࡟ධࡿ๓࡟ࠊ⌧ᅾ EU ࡛࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟་⒪ไᗘࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ
࠿ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ
3.1. ࡲ࡜ࡵᙺ ࡲࡎࠊEU ࡢ⾜ᨻࢆᢸ࠺ࡢࡣḢᕞጤဨ఍࡛࠶ࡿࠋつ๎ࡸᣦ௧ࡀ☜ᐇ࡟᪋⾜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ┘どࡋࠊᚲせ࡛࠶ࢀࡤㄪᰝࡶ⤒࡚ࠊၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤḢᕞ⿢ุᡤ࡟





97

ᥦッࡋࠊἲ௧ࡢ㑂Ᏺ࡟ດࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ୍᪉࡛ࠊEU ࡢྖἲࢆᢸᙜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣḢᕞ⿢ุᡤ࡛࠶ࡿࠋຍ┕ᅜෆࡑࢀࡒ
ࢀ࡛⿢ุࡀ㛤࠿ࢀࠊ␗࡞ࡿぢゎࡀฟ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡣḢᕞ⿢ุᡤࡀ⤫୍ⓗ࡞ゎ㔘ࢆ♧ࡋࠊ⤖ᯝࠊຍ┕ᅜࡀࡇࢀ࡟ᚑ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋḢᕞ⿢ุᡤࡢാࡁࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ஦౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࣜࣥࢻࣥッゴࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࢖ࢱࣜ࢔ேࡢࣜࣥࢻࣥẶࡣ㛗ᖺࢻ࢖ࢶ࡛ປാࢆࡋࠊ㏥⫋ࡋ࡚ẕᅜ࡟ᡠࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋ⑓Ẽ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊࢻ࢖ࢶ࡟་⒪㈝࡜⑌⑓⤥௜ࢆㄳồࡋࡓࡀࠊཷ
⤥ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࢻ࢖ࢶࡢ⑓㝔࡛་⒪ࢆཷࡅࡿࡼ࠺ᣦ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵࠊࣜࣥࢻࣥẶࡣッゴࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡓࠋḢᕞ⿢ุᡤࡣぢゎ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㏥⫋ᚋࡶປാࡢᘏ㛗⥺ୖ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊẕᅜࢆປാ୙⬟࡜࡞ࡗࡓᅵᆅ࡜ࡋࠊࡑࡢ་⒪᪋タ࡛་⒪ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࢆチྍࡋࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊປാ⪅ࡢ⛣ືࡢ⮬⏤ࢆᑛ㔜ࡋࡓࡢࡔࡗࡓࠋ Ḣᕞ⿢ุᡤࡀࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ฟࡋࡓッゴࡢゎ㔘ࡸࠊࡑࡢ࡯࠿ࠊつ๎ࡀ⣽࠿ࡃᐃࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊEU ࡛ࡢ་⒪ッゴࡣẚ㍑ⓗᑡ࡞࠸࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
3.2. ຍ┕ྛᅜࡢไᗘ
 Lify.jp㸦ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㸱㸧࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ་⒪ಖ㞀ไᗘࡣ 3 ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ࡟኱ูฟ᮶ࡿࠋ
➨୍࡟ࠊ⛯㔠ࢆ㈈※࡜ࡋࠊබⓗᶵ㛵ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟་⒪ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡀᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡿࠕᅜ
Ẹ♫఍ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᆺࠖࠋ➨஧࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ♫఍ಖ㝤ࢆ㈈※࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ་⒪ࢧ
࣮ࣅࢫࡢᥦ౪⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣබⓗᶵ㛵࡜Ẹ㛫ᶵ㛵ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠕ♫఍ಖ㝤ᆺࠖࠋࡑࡋ࡚᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊẸ㛫ಖ㝤ࢆ㈈※࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ་⒪ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡶẸ㛫ᶵ㛵࠿ࡽᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡿࠊ
࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࢆ௦⾲࡜ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠕᕷሙᆺࠖࡢ㸱ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
 ๓㏙ࡋࡓ࡜࠾ࡾࠊEU ຍ┕ྛᅜࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ⊂⮬ࡢ་⒪ಖ㞀ไᗘࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
ᐇ᪋ࡢࡉࢀ᪉ࡣ 3 ✀ࢆ࣑ࢵࢡࢫࡋ࡚ᡂࡾ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ኱ࡁࡃศࡅࡿ࡜ࠊୖ
グ࡛♧ࡋࡓ࠺ࡕࡢࠕᅜẸ♫఍ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᆺࠖ࡜ࠕ♫఍ಖ㝤ᆺࠖࡢ㸰ࡘࡀ୺ὶ࡛
࠶ࡿࠋ๓⪅ࡣ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡸ໭Ḣㅖᅜࠊᚋ⪅ࡣࣇࣛࣥࢫࡸࢻ࢖ࢶࡀᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋྛไᗘࡢ≉ᚩࢆ⾲࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚ࡳࡓࠋ


98



ᅜẸಖ㝤ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᆺ

♫఍ಖ㝤ᆺ

ᒃఫ⪅

≉ᐃ⫋✀ࡈ࡜࡟ไᗘ໬ᨻᗓ⟶⌮ୗ㐺⏝㈨᱁せ௳タᐃ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ,ࢫ࢙࣮࢘ࢹࣥ,ࢹ࣐࣮ࣥ
ࢡ,ࣇ࢕ࣥࣛࣥࢻ,࣋ࣝࢠ࣮,ࢻ࢖ࢶ,ࣇࣛࣥࢫ,࢜ࣛࣥࢲ,࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ,࣏ࣝࢺ࢞ࣝ,࢖ࢱࣜ࢔ࣝࢡࢭࣥࣈࣝࢡ,ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥ,࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣜ࢔

࣭ᒃఫࡉ࠼ࡋ࡚࠸ࢀࡤእᅜே࡛ࡶ ࣭⑓Ẽ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡿ႙ኻᡤᚓࡢ⿵ሸࡀ୺࡞ok┠ⓗ࣭ከ✀ከᵝ࡞᪉ἲ



ex:ᆅᇦᆺ or ⫋✀ᆺ,㈈※㸦ປ౑ᣐฟ or
ᨻᗓ⿵ຓ㸧



ᝈ⪅ᮏேࡢ㈇ᢸ⋡㸦ᒸఙ୍ࠗEU ࡢ་⒪ಖ㞀ไᗘ࠘ࡼࡾసᡂ㸧
3.3. ࢣ࣮ࢫࢫࢱࢹ࢕ ࡇࡇࡲ࡛࡛㞄᥋ࡍࡿᅜࠎ࡛ࡶ་⒪ಖ㞀ไᗘࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀ
࡛ࡣࠊḟ࡟࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢሙྜ஦౛ࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚ࡳࡿࠋEU ຍ┕ᅜෆ࡛ࡣ⛣ືࡢ⮬⏤ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊẕᅜࢆാࡁሙᡤ࡜ࡋ࡚ẕᅜእ࠿ࡽࡣฟ࡞࠸ேࠊẕᅜ࡜⫋ሙࡀ࠶ࡿᅜࡀ㐪࠺ேࠊࡲࡓ EU ຍ┕ᅜෆ࣭ᅜእ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹࡸ㞴Ẹ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡼ࠺
࡟ᵝࠎ࡞஦᝟ࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡿேࡀ࠸ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋᮏ⠇࡛ࡣᒃఫᅜ࡜㞠⏝ᅜࡀ␗࡞ࡿே࡜ࠊ⛣Ẹ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ་⒪ಖ㞀ไᗘࡢ஦౛ࢆࡳ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ
༃ᅜቃ࿘㎶ປാ⪅ ࡇࢀࡣࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᒃఫᅜ࡜㞠⏝ᅜࡀ␗࡞ࡿேࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢሙྜࠊປ
ാ⪅ࡣᒃఫᅜ࡜㞠⏝ᅜࡢ࡝ࡕࡽ࡛ࡶ་⒪ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢປാ⪅ࡣᒃఫᅜ࡛ࡢࡳ་⒪ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆཷࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋປാ⪅ࡣ㏥⫋ᚋࡶᘬࡁ⥆ࡁປാ᫬࡜ྠࡌᅜ࡛ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡿࠋ
༄୍᫬ⓗ࡟⁫ᅾࡶࡋࡃࡣධᅜࡋ࡚࠿ࡽ㛫ࡶ࡞࠸ேࠎ つ๎࡟ࡼࡾࠊ౛࠼ࡤ࠶ࡿᅜࡢ೺ᗣಖ㝤࡟᪂つຍධࡋࡓ࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ௚ࡢຍ┕ᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᒃఫᮇ㛫ࡸ⿕ಖ㝤⪅ᮇ㛫࡞࡝ࡶᙜヱຍ┕ᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㈨᱁ᮇ㛫࡜ࡋ࡚⪃៖ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠕྜ⟬ᥐ⨨ࠖࡢ㐺⏝࡛ࠊ୍᫬ⓗ࡟ EU ຍ┕ᅜ࡟ධᅜࡋࡓእᅜ
ே࡞࡝ࡣ⑌⑓⤥௜ࡢ㐺⏝ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ2014 ᖺ᫬࡟ࡣࠊ࣮࣐ࣝࢽ࢔ࡸࣈࣝ࢞ࣜ࢔ࡢປാ⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿつไࡀ





99

⦆࿴ࡉࢀ EU ⛣Ẹࡀቑ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᠱᛕࡋࠊᙼࡽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊධᅜ࠿ࡽ 3 ࣨ᭶㛫ࡣồ⫋⪅ᡭᙜࡢ⏦ㄳ㈨᱁ࢆㄆࡵ࡞࠸࡯࠿ࠊࡑࡢ௚⏦ㄳྍ⬟࡞⤥௜ࡢ✀㢮ࡸཷ⤥ᮇ㛫ࡶ㝈ᐃࡍࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓไᗘࡢཝ᱁໬ࡶ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡼ࠺ࡔࠋ
⾲㠃ୖࠊẕᅜ࡜␗࡞ࡿᅜ࡟⾜ࡗ࡚ࡶ⮬⏤࡟ാࡃࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡿ EU ࡜࠸࠺ඹྠయ
ࡢⰋࡉࢆឤࡌ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡀࠊᵝࠎ࡞ไ㝈ࡀ࠿࠿ࡿ࡜ࠊᒃᚰᆅࡣᛌ࠸ࡶࡢࡤ࠿ࡾ
࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࡶఛ࠼ࡿࠋ

4. ௬ㄝࡢ᳨ウ EU ࡢ་⒪ಖ㞀ไᗘࡢ኱ᯟࢆࡘ࠿ࡵࡓࠋ௨㝆ࠊ௬ㄝࡢ᳨ウࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ
4.1 ㈈ᨻၥ㢟 㞟ྜయࡢせ⣲࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠊᅜࡸ㒔㐨ᗓ┴ࡢ┦஫࡟࠾࠸࡚㈈ᨻຊ࡟࡝ࢀ࡯࡝ࡢ
ᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆぢࡿࡓࡵࠊEU ຍ┕ᅜࡢ GDP㸦ࢢࣛࣇ㸯㸧࡜㒔㐨ᗓ┴ࡢᶆ‽㈈ᨻつᶍ㸦ࢢࣛࣇ㸰㸧ࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀࢢࣛࣇ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡳࡓࠋ


㻳㻰㻼

䝗䜲䝒
䜲䜼䝸䝇
䝣䝷䞁䝇
䜲䝍䝸䜰
䝇䝨䜲䞁
䜸䝷䞁䝎
䝇䜴䜵䞊䝕䞁䝫䞊䝷䞁䝗䝧䝹䜼䞊䜸䞊䝇䝖䝸䜰
䝕䞁䝬䞊䜽䜰䜲䝹䝷䞁䝗
䝣䜱䞁䝷䞁䝗
䝫䝹䝖䜺䝹
䜼䝸䝅䝱
䝏䜵䝁
䝹䞊䝬䝙䜰
䝝䞁䜺䝸䞊
䝇䝻䝞䜻䜰
䝤䝹䜺䝸䜰
䝹䜽䝉䞁䝤䝹䜽
䜽䝻䜰䝏䜰
䝇䝻䝧䝙䜰
䝸䝖䜰䝙䜰
䝷䝖䝡䜰
䜶䝇䝖䝙䜰
䜻䝥䝻䝇
䝬䝹䝍

㻠㻘㻜㻜㻜㻚㻜㻜
㻟㻘㻡㻜㻜㻚㻜㻜
㻟㻘㻜㻜㻜㻚㻜㻜
㻞㻘㻡㻜㻜㻚㻜㻜
㻞㻘㻜㻜㻜㻚㻜㻜
㻝㻘㻡㻜㻜㻚㻜㻜
㻝㻘㻜㻜㻜㻚㻜㻜
㻡㻜㻜㻚㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻜ࢢࣛࣇ㸯㸦ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㸲ࡼࡾసᡂ㸧


100



༢఩䠖༓෇
㻟㻘㻡㻜㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜㻟㻘㻜㻜㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜㻞㻘㻡㻜㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜㻞㻘㻜㻜㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜㻝㻘㻡㻜㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜㻝㻘㻜㻜㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜㻡㻜㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜㻜ࢢࣛࣇ㸰㸦ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㸳ࡼࡾసᡂ㸧 ࡑࢀࡒࢀᩘ್ࡢ኱ࡁ࠸㡰࡟୪࡭࡚ࡳࡓࡀࠊᮾிࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㝖ࡅࡤࡑࢀ௨㝆ࡣࢢࣛࣇࡢ࡞ࡔࡽ࠿ࡉࡶ࠶ࡲࡾ┦㐪࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㈈ᨻつᶍࡢᑠࡉ࡞㞟ྜయᵓᡂせ⣲࡟ὀ┠ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊEU ࡢ᪉ࡣࡲࡿ࡛㈈ᨻຊࡀ࡞࠸ࡼ
࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ་⒪ไᗘࡀ⤫ྜࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ἣ࡞ࡽࡤࠊEU ࡢᖹᆒࡣ586.1 ൨ࢻ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢሙྜࢻ࢖ࢶࡣ 83%ࡢ GDP ࢆ EU ࡟ᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜
࡞ࡿࠋᮾிࡣእࢀ್࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ኱㜰ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ྠᵝ࡟ィ⟬ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ኱㜰ࡣ 62%ࢆ᪥ᮏࡢ་⒪ไᗘ࡟ᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡿࠋᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡿഃ࡜ࡍࡿഃ
࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᕪ␗ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ





101

4.2 㧗㱋໬ၥ㢟㸦ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㸴ࡼࡾᘬ⏝㸧 ୡ⏺㖟⾜ࡢ⤫ィ㈨ᩱࡶᇶ࡟సᡂࡉࢀࡓ㈨ᩱ࡛࠶ࡿࠋEU ຍ┕ᅜࡢ㧗㱋໬⋡ࡣ࠾࠾ࡼࡑ 15~23%࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊEU ࡀ⤫ྜࡋ࡞࠸⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾᙳ
㡪ࡀ࡞ࡉࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
4.3 ་Ꮫไᗘ ᪥ᮏ࡛་ᖌ࡟࡞ࡿ࡟ࡣࠊ㧗ᰯࢆ༞ᴗᚋࠊ་Ꮫ㒊ࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ኱Ꮫ࡟ධ
Ꮫࡋ࡚㸴ᖺ㛫ຮᙉࡋࡓᚋࠊ་ᖌᅜᐙヨ㦂ࢆཷ㦂ࠋྜ᱁ᚋࠊࡑࡢ኱Ꮫ⑓㝔ࡸ⥲ྜ⑓㝔࡟࡚㸰ᖺ㛫ࡢ⮫ᗋ◊ಟࢆ⾜ࡗࡓᚋ࡟ࠊᑵ⫋ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡿ㸦ᅗ㸯㸧ࠋ


102
















ᅗ㸯㸦ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㸵ࡼࡾᘬ⏝㸧 EU ຍ┕ᅜෆ࡛ࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ་ᖌࢆ⫱࡚ࡿไᗘࠊ་Ꮫไᗘࡶᅜ࡟ࡼ
ࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡜ࣁ࣮ࣥ࢞ࣜࡢ་Ꮫไᗘࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋ ࡲࡎࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡛་ᖌ࡟࡞ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ኱Ꮫཷ㦂࡟್ࡍࡿࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ
࢔ࢆྲྀᚓᚋࠊ᭱ึࡢ஧ᖺ㛫ࡣ኱Ꮫ་Ꮫ㒊࡛ຮᙉࡍࡿࠋḟ࡟㸲ᖺ㛫ࡢᑓ㛛ᩍ⫱ࢆಟࡵࡓ┤ᚋࠊ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥヨ㦂ࢆཷ㦂ࡋࡑࡢᡂ⦼࡟ࡼࡾࠊ┠ᣦࡍ་ᖌࡢ✀㢮࡟ࡼࡾ஧ᖺ༙࠿ࡽᅄᖺ㛫ࡢᐇ⩦ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ୍ே๓ࡢ་ᖌ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡿ㸦ᅗ
㸰㸧ࠋ












            ᅗ㸰㸦ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㸶ࡼࡾసᡂ㸧





103

 ୍᪉ࠊࣁ࣮࡛ࣥ࢞ࣜ་ᖌ࡟࡞ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࠊ㸴ᖺ⏕ࡢ་Ꮫ㒊ࡀ࠶ࡿ኱Ꮫ࡟ධᏛࡋࠊᇶ♏་Ꮫࡸ┳ㆤࠊෆ⛉ࠊእ⛉࡛ࡢ◊ಟࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚Ꮫࡪ⮫ᗋ་Ꮫࢆಟࡵ࡚࠸ࡃ㸦ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㸷㸧ࠋ ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ་Ꮫ㒊ࡢΏ㎶ࡢㄽᩥ㸦ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ 10㸧࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊ᪥ᮏࡶྵࡵከࡃࡢ
ᅜࠎ࡛ࡣ㧗ᰯࢆ༞ᴗࡋ࡚ 4~6 ᖺࡢ㛫኱Ꮫࡢ་Ꮫ㒊࡟࠾࠸࡚་Ꮫᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫࡸࢻ࢖ࢶ࡛ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔ࡸࢠ
࣒ࢼࢪ࣒࢘࡜࠸ࡗࡓྡ๓࡛ࠊ㧗ᰯࡢẁ㝵࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ≉ู࡞ே㛫ᙧᡂࢆຮᙉࡋ
ᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ෆᐜࢆᏛࢇ࡛࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺㐣⛬ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠋ་⪅࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺฿㐩Ⅼࡣྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⤒㦂࡞࡝࡜࠸ࡗࡓ᫬㛫ࡀࡶࡢࢆ࠸࠸ࡑ࠺࡞⵳✚ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡟ᕪ␗ࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶ㐣ゝ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࠋ
ྛᅜࡑࢀࡒࢀ་Ꮫᩍ⫱࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࣏ࣜࢩ࣮ࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࡑࢀࢆ୍ࡘ࡟⤫ྜࡍࡿ࡟ࡣࠊ࡝ࢀࡀⰋ࠸࠿࡜ඃຎࢆࡘࡅࠊ࡝ࢀࢆ᥇ᢥࡍࡿ࡭ࡁ࠿࡜ุ᩿ࡍࡿࡢࡣ
㞴ࡋࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ་Ꮫไᗘࢆኚ࠼࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚ࠊ་⒪ࡢỈ‽ࡀపୗࡋ࡚
ࡋࡲ࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡀྰࡵ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ
5. ࡲ࡜ࡵ ඛ᪥ࠊ཭ே࡜ࠕ೔⌮ほࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ヰࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋேࡀ」ᩘ࠸ࡿ࡜ࡁࠊࡑࡢே㐩ࡀ᭱ࡶᖾࡏ࡟࡞ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ࣑ࢡࣟ⤒῭Ꮫ࡛Ꮫࡪࡼ࠺࡟ຠ⏝ࢆ᭱኱໬ࡍࡿࡼ࠺
࡟⾜ືࡍࢀࡤ࠸࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ⌧ᐇࡣ㐪࠺ࠋಶࠎࡢᛮᝨࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡾࠊ௚ேࡢ஦ࢆᛮ
࠸ࡸࡗࡓࡾࡋ࡚࡞࠿࡞࠿⌮ㄽࡢࡼ࠺࡟ୖᡭࡃࡣ࠸࠿࡞࠸ࠋ೔⌮ほࡣ᫬࡟⌮ㄽࢆ㥏┠࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࡀࠊࡔ࠿ࡽࡇࡑே㛫ࡽࡋ࠸ࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ௒ᅇㄪ࡭࡚ぢࡓ་⒪ไᗘࡢ⤫ྜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊ⌮ㄽୖ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ⤫ྜࡋࡓ᪉
ࡀ㈈ᨻࡢၥ㢟ࡶゎỴฟ᮶ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡋࠊ୍࠿ࡽไᗘࢆබᕸࡍࢀࡤఱࡶ㆟
ㄽࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡔࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊྛᅜࡑࢀࡒࢀ⮬ศࡢᅜࡀ⠏ࡁୖࡆ࡚ࡁࡓไᗘ࡟㄂ࡾࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࡋࠊ⮬ᅜࡢࡸࡾ᪉ࡀ᭱ࡶⰋ࠸࡜⪃࠼࡚⾜ືࡍࡿࡢࡣᙜࡓࡾ๓࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀ࡟㢗ࡾࡓ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡔ࠿ࡽࡇࡑ⤫ྜࡋ࡞࠸ࠊ࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡟⌧ᅾࡣ⮳ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
 ㎰ᴗࡸ஺㏻࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊ་Ꮫ࡟ࡣ೔⌮ほ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀ኱ࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋᏳᴦṚࡸᑛཝṚࡶྵࡵ࡚ࠊ࡝࠺ࡍࢀࡤᏳᚰฟ᮶ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊ࡝࠺ࡍࢀ
ࡤேࡀᖾࡏ࡟࡞ࢀࡿࡢ࠿ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ་⒪ไᗘࡢᘏ㛗⥺ୖ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋ
ࡔ࠿ࡽࡇࡑࠊ๓⪅ࡽࡢࡼ࠺࡟஦ࡀ㐍ࡲ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡔࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ⪃࠼ࡿࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡢࡔ࠿ࡽࠊ
ࠕ࠶ࢀࡶࡇࢀࡶ⤫ྜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ㸪་⒪ࡶ
⤫ྜࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠾࠺ࠖࠊ࡜࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜ࡇࢁ࡟ឤᚰࡋࡓࠋ ไᗘࡸ⌮ㄽࡣ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛⚾ࡓࡕࡢࢶ࣮࡛ࣝ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ
ࠕᖾࡏࢆᡭ࡟ධࢀࡿࠖ࡜࠸
࠺┠ⓗ࡟㐩ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆୖᡭࡃ㥑౑ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡔ࡜ᨵࡵ࡚ᐇ


104



ឤࡋࡓࠋ㄂ࡾ࠶ࡿ⮬ᅜࡢࡸࡾ᪉ࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࡘࡘࠊ୍᪉࡛ྜ⌮ᛶࠊຠ⋡໬ࢆồࡵࡓࡶࡢࡀ⌧ᅾࡢ EU ࡢ་⒪ಖ㞀ไᗘࡢ࠿ࡓࡕ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋཧ⪃ᩥ⊩࣭URL ୍ぴ
1. ᒸఙ୍ࠕEU ࡢ་⒪ಖ㞀ᨻ⟇ࠖ<http://www.ipss.go.jp/syoushika/bunken/data/pdf/14468806.pdf>
2. እົ┬ Ḣᕞ㐃ྜ㸦EU㸧ᴫἣ
<http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/area/eu/data.html>
㸦᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ 2017.9.2㸧
3.lify.jpࠕ᪥ᮏࡢබⓗ་⒪ಖ㝤ไᗘࡣୡ⏺୍㸽ࠖ<http://lify.jp>㸦᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ 2017.9.2㸧
4.ୡ⏺⤒῭ࡢࢿࢱᖒ㸦SNA(ᅜẸ⤒῭ィ⟬࣐ࢽࣗ࢔ࣝ)࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ/ฟ඾㸸
IMF-World Economic Outlook Databases㸧<http://ecodb.net/ranking/imf_ngdpd.html>
㸦᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ 2017.9.2㸧
5.㒔㐨ᗓ┴᱁ู◊✲ᡤ㸦ฟ඾㸸ᶆ‽㈈ᨻつᶍ㸸2012 ᖺᗘ㸧<http://grading.jpn.org/KS01010.html>
㸦᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ 2017.9.2㸧
6.♫఍ᐇ᝟ࢹ࣮ࢱᅗ㘓㸦ฟ඾㸸ୡ⏺㖟⾜, World Development Indicators㸦Last
Update: 08/10/2016㸧㸧<http://www2.ttcn.ne.jp/honkawa/1159.html>
㸦᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ 2017.9.2㸧
7.Career Garden ་ᖌࡢ௙஦ ་ᖌ࡟࡞ࡿ࡟ࡣ
<http://careergarden.jp/ishi/naruniha/>㸦᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ 2017.9.2㸧
8.ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢ་Ꮫ㒊ᩍ⫱<http://naoko.okuda.free.fr/educate1.html>
㸦᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ 2017.9.2㸧
9.HUFFPOST ᾏእࡢ་Ꮫ㒊࡟㐍Ꮫࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺㐨<http://www.huffingtonpost.jp/izumi-yoshida/hungary-medical-school_b_9688466.ht
ml>㸦᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ 2017.9.2㸧
10.Ώ㎶៞୍ࠕEU ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ་⒪࣭♫఍ಖ㞀ไᗘᨻ⟇⤫ྜࡢ㐣⛬࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࠖ<https://www.health-research.or.jp/library/pdf/forum5/fo05_087.pdf>
㸦᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ 2017.9.2㸧





105

欧州における移民・難民問題の分析
三好 康介

1. はじめに
現在、欧州諸国では毎年 100 万人を超える移民が流入し、その数も年々増加している。(表１参照) しかし、その一方で移民流入によるさまざまな問題が生じている。2015 年 11 月のパリ同時テロ事件や 2016 年 3 月ベルギー空港
同時テロを初めとするテロ問題、移民に対する反発から生まれた極右ナショ
ナリズムやゼノフォビア(外国人嫌悪)などが日を追うごとに拡張しているのだ。
筆者にはこうした欧州の現状が日本の将来を暗示しているのではないか、という漠然とした不安がある。そもそも、欧州と日本は同じ先進国であり、似たような問題を内在している。経済の成熟により出生率が低下し、人口が減少。それによって労働力不足が生じ、経済の停滞が起きていること。両者が抱える問題は深刻である。
この問題に対し、欧州諸国は移民受け入れという解決手段を試みた。例えば、英仏は旧植民地から多くのイスラム教徒を受け入れ、現在国内のムスリ
ム人口は全体の 5〜8%に達する。イギリスは移民の宗教・文化を尊重し、フランスは世俗主義の尊重を移民に求めるなど、スタイルの違いがあるにもかかわらず、結局は両国とも新移民の同化に失敗した。その同化政策の最終的な帰結の一つとして考えられるのが、連日報じられている、イスラム過激派
によるテロ行為である。(羽場久美子、2016)
一方、日本ではまだこの問題に対する有効な施策が打たれていない。労働
力不足を補うには、生産性の向上あるいは労働力人口の確保が考えられるが、現実的かつ大幅な回復として期待できるのは明らかに後者だろう。実際、現安倍政権は深刻化する日本の高齢社会対策の一環として今後年間 20 万人の移民を入れる意向を示している。つまり、欧州における移民・難民問題は、我が国日本にとっても非常に重要な意味を持つのだ。
そこで本リサーチペーパーでは、欧州における移民の現状、その流入により生じている諸問題について分析し、どういった移民政策をとることが最良の選択となるか考察したい。本ペーパーを通じて、欧州の移民・難民問題から教訓を学び、今後日本が移民政策を進めていく上での一助となれば幸いであ
る。

106

106

2. Ḣᕞ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⛣Ẹࡢ⌧≧ ࡲࡎࠊึࡵ࡟Ḣᕞ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⛣Ẹࡢ⌧≧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᩚ⌮ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ⩚ሙஂ⨾Ꮚ
(2016)࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊ⛣Ẹ࡟ࡣ஧ࡘࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋ୍ࡘ┠ࡀࠊࡼࡾⰋ࠸௙
஦⎔ቃࢆồࡵ࡚Ḣᕞ࡬ὶධࡍࡿࠕປാ⪅⛣Ẹ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ஧ࡘ┠ࡀࠊᨻ἞ⓗΰ஘ࡸኳ⅏࡞࡝ࡸࡴࢆᚓ࡞࠸⌮⏤࡛࿨࠿ࡽࡀࡽᅜࢆฟ࡚࠸ࡃࠕ㞴Ẹ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠕປാ⪅⛣Ẹ࡛ࠖ࠶ࢀࡤࠊቃ⏺⥺࡛㌟ศド᫂᭩ࡢᥦ♧➼ࢆồࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛ධᅜ࡟୙
㐺ษ࡞ேࢆ᤼㝖ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟ࡔࡀࠊࠕ㞴Ẹࠖࡔ࡜ࡑࢀࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊ
㞴Ẹࡣᅜ㐃ࡢ㞴Ẹ᮲⣙࡟ࡼࡾࠕಖㆤࡉࢀࡿᶒ฼ࠖࢆᡤᣢࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊཷࡅධࢀ
ᅜഃࡣ㞴Ẹࡢ㌟ศࡀ୙᫂░࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡟ಖㆤࡋࠊ㣗ᩱ࣭⾰㢮ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽࡔࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⌧≧࠿ࡽࠊ㞴Ẹࡢ୰࡟ࡣࢸ
ࣟࣜࢫࢺࡸഇ⿦⛣Ẹࡀΰᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶከࡃࠊᚑ᮶࡛࠶ࢀࡤ඲㠃ⓗ࡞㞴Ẹཷࡅධࢀࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊ᭱㏆࡛ࡣࡇࢀ࡟཯ࡍࡿືࡁࡶぢࡽࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
౛࠼ࡤࠊࢻ࢖ࢶࡣඖ᮶⇕ᚰ࡞㞴Ẹཷࡅධࢀᅜ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ㏆ᖺࡣ㞴Ẹ࡟ࡼࡿ≢⨥஦௳ࡢቑຍ࡟కࡗ࡚ࠊᅜෆ࠿ࡽ㞴Ẹཷࡅධࢀ࡟཯ᑐࡍࡿኌࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ḟ࡟ࠊ⛣Ẹ࣭㞴ẸࡢḢᕞ࡬ࡢὶධࡢ⤒⦋࡟ࡘ࠸࡚グࡋࡓ࠸ࠋὶධࡢἼࡣ୺
࡟୕ࡘ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ୍ࡘ┠ࡀ෭ᡓ⤊஢ᚋ࠿ࡽ 2004 ᖺࡈࢁ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡢ᫬ᮇ࡛ࠊ
EU ࡢᮾ᪉ᣑ኱ࡢ᫬ᮇ࡜㔜࡞ࡿࠋᮾす෭ᡓࡢ⤊⤖࡟ࡼࡾࠊࣟࢩ࢔ࡸᮾḢ࠿ࡽ⣙60 ୓ேࡢ⛣Ẹ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊᇦእ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹࡶྵࡵ࡚⣙ 100 ୓ேࡀὶධࡋࡓࠋ஧
ࡘ┠ࡀࠊ2005 ᖺ௨㝆ࠊ࢔ࣛࣈୡ⏺࠿ࡽࡢ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛࡢேࠎ࡟ࡼࡿὶධ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠕ࢔ࣛࣈࡢ᫓ࠖࡢ᭱┒ᮇ࡛࠶ࡿࠊ2010 ᖺࡈࢁࠊẸ୺໬㠉࿨࡜୪⾜ࡋ࡚኱㔞ࡢ⛣Ẹ࣭㞴Ẹࡀὶධࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ᭱ᚋ୕ࡘ┠ࡀࠊ2010 ᖺ௨㝆ࠊࢩࣜ࢔ࡸ࢔ࣇ
࢞ࢽࢫࢱࣥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿෆᡓ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ࿨࠿ࡽࡀࡽḢᕞ࡬㏨ࡆ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓ㞴Ẹ࡟ࡼࡿὶධ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୖࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜ࠊḢᕞ࡬࡜ὶධࡋ࡚ࡃࡿ⛣Ẹࡓࡕࡣࠊึࡵ
ࠕປാ⪅⛣Ẹࠖ୰ᚰ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊᖺ᭶ࢆ⤒ࡿ࡟ࡘࢀࠊẚ㍑ⓗࣜࢫࢡࡢ㧗࠸ࠕ㞴Ẹࠖ୰ᚰ࡬ኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࡢࡔࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓഴྥ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠊ㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣᮾഃㅖᅜ࠿ࡽࡢ㢌⬻ປാ⪅ࡢὶධࡀࡲࡍࡲࡍቑ࠼࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ
㢌⬻ປാ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⛣Ẹࡀ୰⏘ᒙࡢ⫋ࢆዣࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࠊࡑࡇ࡟ᙉ࠸㌵㎚ࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࠋ
3. ࢮࣀࣇ࢛ࣅ࢔(እᅜே᎘ᝏ)࡜ࢸࣟࣜࢬ࣒ࡢⓎ⏕ ḟ࡟ࠊ2 ࡛ゐࢀࡓḢᕞ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⛣Ẹࡢ⌧≧ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊ⛣Ẹὶධ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿㅖၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᴫほࡋࡓ࠸ࠋࡑࡢㅖၥ㢟ࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡀࠊ
ࠕࢮࣀࣇ࢛ࣅ࢔(እᅜே᎘ᝏ)ࠖ࡜ࠕࢸࣟࣜࢬ࣒࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡎࠊEU ᅜẸࡢഃ࠿ࡽࡇࡢ⌧≧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋඛ࡟ᣲࡆࡓ㏻ࡾࠊึࡵࡣ⛣Ẹࡢከࡃࡀ 3K ປാ⪅ࠊࡘࡲࡾᗏ㎶ປാ⪅࡛࠶ࡾࠊEU ᅜẸࡢഃ࠿ࡽ





107

ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊᗏ㎶ປാࢆᨭ࠼࡚ࡃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ㄆ㆑࠿ࡽࠊ⛣Ẹ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ཯Ⓨࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡞ࡃࠊࡴࡋࢁḼ㏄ࡍࡿືࡁࡀᙉ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊḟ➨࡟㢌⬻ປാ⪅࡟ࡼࡿὶධࡀቑຍࡋࠊ୰⏘ᒙࡢ⫋ᇦࡀ㣗࠸₽ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࡢ♫఍ࡢ୰⏘ᒙ࡜⛣Ẹ(㢌⬻ປാ⪅)ࡢ㛫࡟ᑐ❧ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࠋ➇த࡟㈇ࡅࠊୗᒙ໬ࡋࡓ୰
⏘ᒙࡣࠊḢᕞࡢ⛣Ẹࢆᨷᧁࡍࡿྑὴໃຊ࡟ඹ㬆ࡋࠊྑὴࡇࡑࡀ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ௦
ᘚ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺㘒ぬࢆ㉳ࡇࡍࠋࡇࢀࡇࡑࡀࠕࢮࣀࣇ࢛ࣅ࢔(እᅜே᎘ᝏ)ࠖࡢ
࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㑅ᣲ࡟࠾࠸࡚ྑὴໃຊࡀ 10㹼20㸣ࡶࡢ⚊ᩘࢆ㞟ࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓせᅉ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ(⩚ሙஂ⨾Ꮚࠊ2016)ࠋ
 ḟ࡟ࠊ⛣Ẹ࠾ࡼࡧ⛣Ẹ㸰ୡࠊ㸱ୡࡢ❧ሙ࠿ࡽࡇࡢၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡋ࡚ࡳࡿࠋ⛣Ẹഃ࠿ࡽࡍࡿ࡜ࠊึࡵࡣ♽ᅜࡢఱಸ࠿ࡢ⤥୚ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࢀ࡛
༑ศ‶㊊࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ࣮ࣘࣟ༴ᶵࡸ 9.11 ௨㝆ࠊ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛ㛵㐃ࡢ⣮தࡸ஦௳ࡀ㉳ࡁࡿ࡜ࠊࡍࡄ࡟⛣Ẹࡀ␲ࢃࢀࠊ⛣Ẹ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᕪู࣭㍍⶜ࡣᖺࠎ㓞ࡉࢆቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ⫋࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊEU ㅖᅜࡣᖺࠎ㞠⏝ࢆ๰ฟࡍࡿࡢࡀ
㞴ࡋࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᚲせ᭱ప㝈ࡢ⏕άࡉ࠼࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞⛣Ẹࡶቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺࡞ࡿ࡜⛣Ẹࡓࡕࡣࠊࠕ࡞ࡐ㈋ࡋ࠸ࡲࡲ࡛ࠊࡋ࠿ࡶᕪู࣭㍍⶜ࢆཷࡅ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿ࠖ࡜ᙉ࠸୙‶ࢆᣢࡘࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢ୙‶ࡀἛⅬࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ࡜ࡁࠊ⛣Ẹ࡟ࡼࡿࢸࣟࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡔࠋ ௨ୖࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜ࠊᙜึࡣ⛣Ẹࡢ EU ㅖᅜὶධࡣࠊEU ㅖᅜ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ⛣Ẹ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶ Win-Win ࡞㛵ಀࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㢌⬻ປാ⪅ࡢὶධࡸ㞴Ẹࡢቑຍࢆ⤒࡚ࠊἐⴠࡍࡿ୰⏘ᒙᕷẸ࡜⛣Ẹࡢ཮᪉࡟୙‶ࡀ⵳✚ࡍࡿࠕ㈇ࡢ
࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࠖࡀ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ⾪✺ࡀࠊ୍᪉࡛ࡣࠕࢮࣀࣇ࢛ࣅ࢔(እᅜே᎘ᝏ)ࠖ
ࠊࡶ࠺୍᪉࡛ࡣࠕࢸࣟࣜࢬ࣒ࠖ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚㢧ᅾ໬ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࠋ
4. ⛣Ẹ࣭㞴Ẹၥ㢟࡬ࡢᑐ⟇ ௨ୖࡢศᯒࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࢀࡤ⛣Ẹ࣭㞴Ẹၥ㢟ࢆ⦆࿴࡛ࡁࡿ࠿
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋࡲࡎࠊ୍ࡘࡢᡭẁ࡜ࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢࡀࠕ⛣Ẹ࣭㞴Ẹࡢཷࡅධࢀ೵Ṇࠖࡔࢁ࠺ࠋᐇ㝿ࠊEU ㅖᅜ࡛ࡣࠊ⛣Ẹࠊ≉࡟࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛᅪ࠿ࡽ
ࡢ⛣Ẹཷࡅධࢀ೵Ṇࢆᨭᣢࡍࡿኌࡀ኱ࡁ࠸(⾲㸰ཧ↷)ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⤒῭ⓗ࡞ほⅬࠊࡑࡋ࡚ே㐨ⓗ࡞ほⅬ࠿ࡽ⪃࠼ࡓ࡜ࡁࠊಶேⓗ࡟ࡣ⛣Ẹཷࡅධࢀ೵Ṇࡀᚓ⟇࡜ࡣ⪃࠼࡟ࡃ࠸ࠋ࡛ࡣࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࢀࡤ⛣Ẹཷࡅධࢀ࡜ EU ㅖᅜࡢ἞Ᏻ⥔ᣢࢆ୧❧࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᵝࠎ࡞ゎỴ⟇ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀᚓࡿࡀࠊ
➹⪅ࡣ୺࡟ḟࡢ஧Ⅼ࡟ὀຊࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ୍Ⅼ┠ࡀࠊ⛣Ẹᒙ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⤒῭ⓗᨭ᥼࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⛣Ẹᒙࡣ⌧ᅾࠊᚲせ᭱ప㝈ࡢ㈤㔠ࡶᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞
㐣㓞࡞⏕άࢆᙉ࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㐣㓞ࡉࡇࡑࡀࢸࣟࡢ ᗋ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡇࢆ
᩿ࡕษࡽࡡࡤࢸࣟࡣ౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚ῶࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊEU ᅜẸࡢ⛣Ẹ࡟ᑐࡍࡿಙ㢗ࡣࡲࡍࡲࡍపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࡢ㈇ࡢࢫࣃ࢖ࣛࣝࢆ᩿ࡕษࡿ࡟ࡣࠊࡲࡎ


108



⛣Ẹࡓࡕ࡟ᚲせ᭱ప㝈ࡢ⏕άࢆಖ㞀ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᭱ඃඛ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋḟ࡟
஧Ⅼ┠ࡀࠊᨻᗓࡀ⛣Ẹཷࡅධࢀ࡟ࡼࡿ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢆᅜẸ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚᫂♧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⌧≧ࠊEU ㅖᅜࡢከࡃࡣᅜẸ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⛣Ẹࡢࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡤ࠿ࡾࢆ᫂♧ࡋࠊ⛣Ẹὶධ࡟ࡼࡿ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠶ࡲࡾゐࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ឤࡌࡓࠋࡑ
࠺࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊୡㄽࡣᅛᐃࡉࢀࠊ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ⛣Ẹ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᎘ᝏឤࡣ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ
࠺ࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᖐ⤖ࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡶࠊᅜෆ⏘ᴗࡢᅜ㝿➇தຊୖ᪼ࡸ␗ᩥ໬࡜
ࡢ⼥ྜ࡟ࡼࡿ᪂ࡓ࡞ࣅࢪࢿࢫࢳࣕࣥࢫ࡞࡝ࠊ⛣Ẹὶධ࡟ࡼࡿṇࡢഃ㠃࡟ࡶࡋ
ࡗ࠿ࡾゐࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
5. ࠾ࢃࡾ࡟ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛Ḣᕞ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⛣Ẹ࣭㞴Ẹၥ㢟ࡢ⌧≧ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᪋⟇࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋึࡵ࡟ࡶ㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࡶࡋ᪥ᮏࡀ⛣Ẹཷࡅධࢀࢆᐇ
⾜ࡍࢀࡤࠊḢᕞࡀ⌧ᅾ┤㠃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿㅖၥ㢟࡟ࡪࡘ࠿ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋᮏࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ࣮࣌ࣃ࣮ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊḢᕞࡢ⛣Ẹ࣭㞴Ẹၥ㢟ࡢᮏ㉁ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆᑗ᮶ࡢ᪥ᮏ࡟ᑡࡋ࡛ࡶ⏕࠿ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤᖾ࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸺⾲㸯㸼

























109

㸺⾲㸰㸼
࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛᅪ࠿ࡽࡇࢀ௨ୖࡢ⛣Ẹὶධࢆ೵Ṇࡍ࡭ࡁ࠿ฟ඾㸸ⱥ⋤❧ᅜ㝿ၥ㢟◊✲ᡤཧ⪃ᩥ⊩࣭URL ୍ぴ࣭⩚ሙஂ⨾Ꮚ(2016)࣮ࠗࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢศ᩿࡜⤫ྜʊᣑ኱ EU ࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒࡜
ቃ⏺⥺ʊʊໟᦤ࠿᤼㝖࠿࠘୰ኸබㄽ᪂♫࣭⩚ሙஂ⨾Ꮚ(2016)ࠕḢᕞࡢ⛣Ẹ࣭㞴Ẹ࡜ࢸࣟၥ㢟ʊ࠸ࡲୡ⏺ࡀ┿๢࡟ྥࡁྜ
࠺࡜ࡁ࣮ࠖ㸺http://ippjapan.org/pdf/Opinion041_KHaba.pdf㸼
㸦᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥ࠊ2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 31 ᪥㸧࣭♫఍ᐇ᝟ࢹ࣮ࢱᅗ㘓㸺http://www2.ttcn.ne.jp/honkawa/1171.html㸼
㸦᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ᪥ࠊ2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 31 ᪥㸧







110



➨  㒊 ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㸦Presentation㸧

Brexit. An Evaluation of the Norway Model
Misaki Takahashi

㸾KU Leuven
Introduction
Is there anybody here who knows a lot about the country of Norway? It might soundweird but I am, because my best friend is Norwegian. She likes to make jokes and saythings like “Norway can survive without joining the EU because we have oil and gas andwe’re rich!”
In 2016, when the UK voted for Brexit, I remembered her words and found themvery interesting. So, I decided to evaluate what would actually happen if the UK follows
the same path as Norway after leaving the EU.
Contents
Let me start by showing you what I'll be talking about in my presentation. First, I’ll
explain the three possible models that the UK government is looking at. The main focus





111

of my presentation is the Norway model, but there are two other models to consider too.
I’d like to use them to make a comparison. Next, I’ll explain the advantages of the
Norway model which can be divided into three aspects: GDP, cost, and time. In the end,
there will be a brief summary of the main points.
Explanation of options after Brexit
In 2016, the UK government listed 3 models that they are considering following
after leaving the EU. The first one is the Norway model, and this is to join the European
Free Trade Association (EFTA) and the European Economic Area (EEA). Then we have
the Swiss model which is to join EFTA and make bilateral agreement among othercountries. The third one is the WTO model which is to not join any trade areas. In thiscase, trade would be managed under WTO rules.
It’s easier to see in the diagram. Let me explain about the Norway model in moredetail. As you can see, Norway is outside of the EU but it belongs to two trade areas.
First is the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). This allows Norway to have free
trade with 3 non-EU countries: Switzerland, Iceland, and Liechtenstein. Second is theEuropean Economic Area (EEA). By joining this, Norway also gained the freedom of
movement of goods, people, services and capital within the EU too. In return for thataccess to the single market, Norway has to follow most of the EU regulations and pay acontribution to the EU budget. Even so, the Norway model has many strengths that areworth thinking about. So, now let’s take a look at the advantages.
Advantages of Norway model
1. Minimization of losses in GDP
The first point I want to show is that losses in terms of GDP will be very low.
Regardless of their opinion on Brexit, many economists claim that Brexit will cause anegative rate of growth to the UK economy (at least in the short term). As losses areinevitable, the government needs to consider which options can minimize it.
Please look at the graph. It is showing the estimated drop in GDP in the UK for eachmodel by 2031. This data was reported by the House of Commons Science andTechnology Committee last year. As you can clearly see, the Norway model has thelowest figure, 3.85 percent. Applying the Norway model seems likely to be effective in
minimizing the damage to the economy caused by Brexit.
2. Cheaper access to the EU market
The second advantage is lower costs. As I stated before, in order to keep its accessto the single market in the EU, the UK needs to make a financial contribution to the EU
government. This cost is expected to be lower in the case of the Norway model.
According to UK government’s research, currently the average contribution per person is106£ for Norwegians and 128£ for UK citizens. It might be normal for the UK to pay
more than Norway as its economy is much larger, but the actual amount would still



112



decrease if the Norway model is chosen. KPMG, one of the “Big Four” accounting firms,
is estimating EU-related expenses to be reduced by 9% (=116£).
3. Minimization of time required for decision making
Now, when we talk about costs, we are not talking only about money. As in the
famous saying “Time is money”, time is another important aspect. The last point I wantto make is that the Norway model is the least-time consuming option.
Did you know that there is a time limit for the UK to decide which model tochoose? Withdrawal from the EU must be done following EU legislation. According tothis rule, application of EU law stops within two years since the start of the negotiations.
In other words, the UK needs to find alternative membership options and seek
agreements with other countries by 2018, not only in the field of trade but also in
education and jurisdiction. It’s easier to meet the deadline by choosing the Norway model
because all you need to do is to join an already existing trade agreement. The othermodels are overly time-consuming.
For example, the Swiss model is to make new bilateral agreements with othercountries. Switzerland has had to spend over 20 years concluding more than 120
agreements to maintain its current economy. If you remember the WTO model, the third
option that I explained in the beginning that is actually the least time-consuming model,
because you decide not to belong to any trade agreements. But, it is also very unrealistic
because the tariff rates that the WTO sets are so high that many countries end up making
bilateral trade agreements just like Switzerland.
Conclusion
I’ve finished explaining the advantages so let’s move on to the conclusion.
To summarize, we have looked at the following three advantages of the Norway model.
Minimization of losses in GDP
Cheaper access to the EU market
Minimization of time required for decision making
These points show that the Norway model is the most economically beneficial
option out of all three. But why haven’t the UK government still chosen this model yet?
It is said that it's difficult for people to agree on freedom of transportation as they
are against immigration. But personally, I believe that the problem of immigration andeconomy are not in an adversarial relationship. They are rather connected. Saving the UK
economy could change people’s view towards immigration in a positive way, and viceversa.
According to a survey done by Ipsos Mori, a famous market research organization,
people who chose leave in the UK referendum vote were low income earners with poor
education. Such people tend to believe that immigrants are taking away their jobs andsucking up their social welfares. But this an illogical idea spread by the politicians andthere is no evidence. (In fact after the vote, Nigel Farage admitted that some of thenumbers he used in his speech were false.)





113

Eliminating foreign people will not make UK citizens any richer. It could evenincrease the danger of terrorism because segregation creates a gap within different
ethnicities both inside and outside of the country. Overall, I think prioritizing economic
benefits and choosing the Norway model will directly improve people’s lives than toeliminate foreigners. It is hard, but something that's necessary for the peace and growthof their own country. Thank you for listening. I hope you guys enjoyed my presentation.

㸾Paris 7 University



114



CAP as a prism of the EU
Motohiro Aikawa

㸾KU Leuven
This graph shows a certain ratio in the EU and Japan. What kind of ratio do you think
it is? Actually, the graph shows the share of the agricultural budget in the overall budgetsof Japan and the EU. I was surprised to see this data, because the Japanese percentage is
too small, while on the other hand that of the EU seems to be too big in my opinion. Of
course, I can understand why the EU uses large amounts of money on agricultural policy.
In fact, the agricultural sector is very volatile, because it heavily depends on naturaland environmental factors. Unforeseen events, such as floods, fires, droughts and animal
diseases can disrupt the agricultural activity of whole regions. Historically, theaggregated anger of farmers in Germany was one of many factors that led to Nazism.
Therefore, a policy to protect farmers was a first priority for the EU because it wasorganized for the sake of peace. As a result, the Common Agricultural Policy, or CAP for
short, became one of the main pillars of the EU. But situation has changed since WWII. I
want to raise the issue of whether CAP is really suitable in the current context.
My presentation consists of 4 parts. First, I will try to give a brief overview of what
CAP is. Next, I will talk about the benefits and problems that CAP presents and, lastly, I





115

will give a suggestion regarding possibly reforming the system to achieve better results.
The Common Agricultural Policy was created in 1960, based on the Treaty of Rome.
Western Europe started building a common market and imposed surcharges on foreign
products, in order to prioritize European products. All member nations had to donate
money to a common budget.
CAP has several purposes. The Main purpose is to ensure farmers' incomes, anddeliver sufficient agricultural products to consumers at appropriate prices. Small andsemi-subsistence farmers were the main economic actors expected to be protected under
CAP. The EU regards these farmers as important because they contribute to the landscapeof agricultural areas and the diversity of agricultural products. But actually, the current
CAP cannot fully protect these farmers and this is the biggest problem that I think. As forthis point, I’d like to mention later. Among the other chief goals of CAP wereenvironmental protection, food safety, animal health and welfare, as well as landscapepreservation in rural areas.
Throughout Macsharry reform from 1992 to 2003, CAP reached the current system.
The subsidies were decoupled from production quantities. The EU started to give farmers
certain predetermined amounts of money. In order to justify subsidies, the EU imposed
environmental requirements on farmers, collectively called "Cross-Compliance". In orderto get a subsidy, farmers had to meet certain conditions of environmental safety, such as
limiting their use of agricultural chemicals.
Next, I want to present a brief analysis of the main benefits and problems related to
CAP. Let’s begin with the benefits. As I mentioned, CAP is beneficial for producers.
Thanks to Cross Compliance, CAP contributes to the protection of the environmentl. In
addition, CAP reallocates its budget resources from wealthy to poor countries, because
EU members have to participate in the EU budget according to their economic scale.
On the other hand, CAP has led to several problems because of its structure. Among
several problems of CAP, the biggest problem which I want to talk about is that CAP justhelps rich farmers be richer, while small poor farmers are facing exclusion from CAP
subsidies. The case of the UK shows that the top 15% recipients of subsidy are receiving
60% of overall CAP subsidy of the UK. What is the reason of it? Before CAP wasreformed, CAP subsidies were based on production amounts and big farmers produced
large amounts, therefore they received large amounts of subsidy. I mean more they
produced, the more they got subsidies. The amount of direct basic payments to farmers
today is determined according to the amounts of subsidy that farmers received before
Macsharry reform, y in this graph. Thus even now big and rich farmers get large
subsidies from the EU. This is historical model. On the other hand, poor farmers arelikely to be excluded from CAP for two reasons. The first reason is Cross Compliance. In
order to meet their Cross Compliance conditions, farmers have to invest in the latest
equipment, which tends to be too expensive for poor small farmers. The second reason is



116



a minimum scale condition. The EU only allows farmers whose production level is above
a certain minimum to receive CAP subsidies. This is because the number of small
agricultural producers is large and it costs a lot to research all of them. As a result, small
and poor farmers, together with semi-subsistence farmers, are excluded from CAP.
Although the EU regards these farmers as important, CAP doesn’t contribute tosustaining them. Agriculture is also a kind of social welfare for such farmers.
Considering all these things, it becomes clear that this problem is very serious, especiallyin the new members of the EU.
Lastly, I want to think about the future of CAP, although I am just a Japanese
university student whose knowledge of the EU is far from sufficient. I personally thinkthat the EU should protect farmers who are in a weak position in the economy, because
large farmers can survive with fewer subsidies and less special treatment. So, mysuggestion is: leave the subsidies for big farmers up to individual countries, and let CAP
give out subsidies to small farmers. In this way, we can ensure a reallocation systemamong EU members and reduce the CAP budget. This can also help incentivize small
farmers to keep producing a higher variety of agricultural products. Higher
competitiveness among small farmers, or different brands of fruits and vegetables can be
expected too.
What is important is to continue discussing problems and try to solve them. I’mvery interested in what you think about CAP or agricultural problems. Thank you forlistening.

㸾Paris 7 University





117

What Is Making the EU to The East?
Kanako Mori㸾KU Leuven
Recently, the shrinking and widening of the EU has become a controversial issue.
For example, in 2016, the UK decided to leave the EU, while whether Turkey will everjoin the Union or not hasn’t been decided yet. In this controversial situation, I thought I'dlike to do some research into the expansion of the EU in the past, and I was particularlyinterested in the fifth wave of expansion in 2004. This period saw the Union's biggest
enlargement in history, with as many as ten Eastern European countries joining thecommunity.
At the beginning, let me show you some brief facts about this fifth expansion. There
have been six stages of EU expansion so far, of which the fifth happened in May in 2004,
when ten Central and Eastern European countries, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia,
Lithuania, Cyprus, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia, and Slovakia joined the European
Union. After this expansion, the number of EU members rose from 15 to 20. This was a
new historical record for the EU community in terms of its scale.
So, now, the most interesting questions for me are “Why did western countries
accept such an expansion to the east?” and “Why did so many eastern countries decide to



118



join?” The Cold War had divided Europe into two spheres of influence, western andeastern, capitalist and communist, and uniting these two regions was definitely going to
be a difficult thing. Therefore, in this presentation, I will try to explore each side's
motivation.
Let's start with the western countries’ motives. Firstly, I will point out the maineconomic benefits. In the globalizing world of economy and finance, the EU had tocounter the US and Asia NIES which had recently achieved remarkable growth. Western
multinational companies advanced into Eastern areas and made use of their small laborcosts and small corporation taxes. They managed to build an effective subcontractor
production system. This minimization of the costs of production then would promote theinternational competitive power in western countries. Next, the second motivation wasachieving security for the whole of Europe. Even after the Cold War, a lot of new
conflicts such as “modern wars” and organized crime started happening in Eastern
Europe. This was the result of bad governance, political failure and poverty in thosecountries. The spread of those processes was likely to threaten the peace of the EU
beyond its borders. In this situation, EU countries recognized that they should try to
avoid the dangers to Europe by introducing economic and political reforms under the EUinternational order. This meant spreading good governance into eastern areas andstrengthening security and fundamental human rights on the whole continent. Next, letme move on to the Eastern and Central European countries’ motivation for wanting tojoin. After gaining political independence from the Soviet Union, these countries wereleft in a geopolitical grey zone. In terms of ensuring their international status, joining the
EU was a very desirable prospect. However, more concretely, why were Eastern
European countries interested in becoming members of the EU? The first motivation
came from expected economic benefits. The transition from communism to a market
economic system was very hard, and the reforms by the IMF and the EU played aninevitable role. The reforms put emphasis on the stabilization of the macro-economy,
with targets such as achieving price stability. Monetary support for infrastructure such as
the PHARE program was also an important prerequisite for market economic
development of Eastern European countries. The expansion of the EU market was also
expected to cause a large inflow of FDI from western countries, which would highly
boost exports and imports, while advanced know-how and technology that multinational
companies possessed would also enter the region. On a political level, there were also big
motivations. Let’s see. In order to join the European Union, countries have to meet the1993 Copenhagen standards or the European Constitution. Therefore, each easterncountry had to rebuild or amend their domestic laws on freedom and fundamental humanrights. These changes were meant to strengthen the democratic level in those countries.
This lead to a better international status, and moreover, human rights movements such as
feminism started to develop.
So far, I have looked at the motivations of widening Europe from both sides.
However, there are still negative opinions about European expansion. For example, thefinancial burden on western countries is very high. The hollowing out of the industries of





119

Germany and France is also problematic, as a lot of multinational companies or workers
move to the east because of small production costs.
But, in my opinion, this fifth expansion has had a positive influence on Europe as awhole. Without this large expansion, the unity of the continent between East and Westwould not have been achieved. The process also spread democracy to the east. On an
economic level, the success has been supported by actual data. After the expansion, theEU's GDP became larger than that of the US. And FDI from other countries such as
Japan and the US became two times larger in terms of the GDP ratio.
Today, I took a brief look at the past process of EU expansion, but how about the
future? One way is widening, and the other is shrinking. Let’s look at the examples. Now,
five other Eastern European countries are still negotiating with the EU about joining theUnion, and the process is complex. Especially, in Turkey, there are still as many as 35
topics which should be discussed before joining. On the other hand, in France andNetherland there is possibility of leave from EU now. Recently, the ratification ofEuropean Constitution was rejected in national vote in France and the Netherlands. Of
course, it is difficult to do clear prospects, but when we consider, the past history of
expansion and cost-benefit analysis must become important. Finally I think widening EU
is beneficial in terms of peace and economy. I also would like to share the ideas.
Thank you for listening.

㸾Paris 7 University



120



Nations and National Sentiments: Based on Anderson's Imagined Communities
Masahiko Hagino

＠KU Leuven
Hi, I am Masahiko Hagino, a student at Hitotsubashi University. Today I would liketo talk about the concepts of ‘nation’ and ‘national sentiment’. Nowadays, the borders
between countries are disappearing. I mean that globalization is now expanding andpeople, goods and information can move all over the world. The Internet environment isalways improving and many people who have access to the Internet can get in touch withpeople even in other countries. As you can see from this chart, the World Tourism
Organization says that the number of international tourists has doubled in the past 20
years. This is one example of globalization. However, most people still know andrecognize that they “belong” to certain countries. How come the people get to realize
they belong to a nation? Today, I would like you to consider the idea of the nation, and I
will show you my opinion in the last slide.
I will first talk about the definition of “nation” given by Benedict Anderson, secondly
about the history of the nation which he defined as an imagined community, and at theend I will give a summary of my talk and my view on the nation. Benedict Anderson is a
professor of politics, especially regarding South-East Asia. He published his book,“Imagined Communities”, in 1983. The main topic of this book is about the development

121

121

of nationalism between the 15th and 20th centuries, and talks about its history, problems,and future. Let me explain. Before I start speaking about the nation, I want to define theword “nation” in this presentation. Generally speaking, a nation is a country, especially in
relation to its people and its social or economic structure. However, in my presentation, I
will interpret the word “nation” with a particular emphasis on the population of a country,
rather than a landmass. This will make it easier to understand his and my argument in thispresentation.
Anderson defined the nation as an imagination of our mind. This means that thepeople in a country cannot meet all of the other people in the same country, but they
imagine that they are their compatriots and fellows. He claimed that three elements
define a nation. Firstly, it is imagined as a ”limited” entity. Even for the biggest nation,
which has a population of 1 billion, there are other nations beyond its borders. The nation
is not infinite, there are many kinds of nations on earth. Secondly, it is imagined as“sovereign”; it has a king or a government which lies at its center. They have thepresumed right to rule over and govern their countries. Thirdly, it is imagined as acommunity. The people imagine that the nation provides a deep and horizontal
relationship for its people, even if there is an inequality and exploitation among them.
Anderson defined nations as “imagined communities” because there would be nonationality unless the people in a country could imagine and recognize which country
they belong to. In other words, an imagined community appears when their recognition isshared.
Next, let me talk about how the people in the past could imagine their own
communities. In 16th century, printing technology arrived in Europe. And then, in the
18th century, printing technology improved and print capitalism was spread fast andbooks become popular. Many books and newspapers were published. People who could
read the letters could easily learn what was happening in their communities. As the print
capitalism grew, people got to recognize the events and happenings around them. For
example, when you read the newspaper, you can see the events happening in yourcommunity. At that time, people who could speak the same language were part of thesame communities. This means that the territory of a nation corresponded to the area ofthe spoken language. In this imagined community, the people had the impression ofhomogeneous time as well. In novels and newspapers, the time existed and went as thereal time goes. People recognized that everyone inside their community had the same
sense of time. That’s why people were able to imagine the nation, which is a limited andsovereign entity, and a kind of community. Anderson mentioned that each people comesup with its own imagined nation, and they are bound in an Imagined Community. He also
argued that these imagined communities made it possible to establish the concept of“nationalism”. Nationalism is the loyalty and devotion to a nation. Nationalism isoriented towards developing and maintaining a national identity based on sharedcharacteristics such as culture, language, race, and so on. Moreover, as nationalism kept
growing, patriotism was born in this era too, he said. Some people had emotional
sentiments, such as self-sacrificing love toward their nation. In that way, many people



122



took part in the fight for their own country and many people died in World War 2.
Thus far, I have talked about Anderson’s conception of nations. In short, he defined
the nation as the collectivity of the imaginations of its people. And, I would like tosuggest here that Brexit could also be the collectivity of the national and somewhat
emotional sentiment. Brexit also arose from a strong nationalist sentiment. The UK
decided to leave the EU to protect the rights of its own country. It is certain that the UK
didn’t allow the introduction of the euro and didn’t sign the Schengen Treaty. Of course,
the people in the UK considered some merits and demerits of leaving the EU, and there
are some other perspectives to consider about Brexit, but the British nationalist
sentiments cannot be ignored as an important factor. It can be said that they prefer to be
an independent country.
To sum up, the nation was made by people's imagination from the 16th to the 20th
century. And the national sentiments are made up while the nation is imagined by thepeople who are inside a country. I would like you to keep in mind that we cannot live
outside of an imagined community and that we have to have a worldwide perspective
beyond the nation in our global and borderless world.
Thank you.

㸾Paris 7 University





123

The EU in a Dilemma between Human Rights and Economic Benefits.
How can the EU reach a compromise?
Tatsuya Okuda

㸾KU Leuven  Thank you very much for attending today's meeting. As you know, the EU has
actively promoted new concepts like environmental protection or LGBT rights, ahead of
most other countries. Now, these concepts that came out of Europe have begun to beinternationally accepted. The EU is indeed a leader in human rights, but how do you feel
when you see it having to compromise on human rights issues for the sake of economic
profit? Today, I am going to try and bring this kind of problem to light through 3 steps:
Firstly, I am going to talk about the EU’s stance on and efforts towards guaranteeing
human rights. Secondly, I am going to talk about the human rights problem in Tibet toshow you that this is the exactly the kind of issue that the EU should not overlook.
Thirdly, I am going to bring up the fact that the EU has failed to make an official
statement about the problem in Tibet. I am also going to talk about the clash between
human rights and economic benefits that stands behind this failure. Finally, I am going topresent several questions to your attention which I would like for all of us to think about
together. I will be glad if we could exchange some ideas about them after my



124



presentation.
So, let's move on to the substance of what I have to say. The EU has made much
effort to promote the concept of human rights, not only internally, but also externally. For
example, it has campaigned for LGBT rights and freedom of expression. It has called forthe abolishment of the death penalty in Japan and the US. Moreover, it has regularly
made official statements at the UNHRC (that is, the United Nations Human Rights
Council) to criticize human rights violations even when they occur in non-EU countries.
As statements like these need the unanimous approval of all member states of theEuropean Union, this shows that EU members have so far cooperated for human rightprotection with a monolithic solidarity.
So, this is the stance on human right problems the EU has been and is taking, butwhat kind of actual problems is it facing today? The human rights problem in Tibet iscertainly among the many problems in the world that the EU has had to address. Tibet
has a different culture from China, as exemplified for instance in its world-famous
Tibetan Buddhism, and there has also been a continued movement there for achieving
independence from China. But, according to the Tibetan Centre for human rights anddemocracy, there are severe human rights violations in this country. It is said that people
are deprived of their freedom of expression, privacy, religion, freedom of assembly andso on. Religion in particular has been severely suppressed. It is alleged that the Chinese
government is trying to delegitimize the Dalai Lama, who is the symbol of Tibetan
Buddhism. These kinds of oppression not only make people suffer but also cause them toprotest as can you see in this picture. Moreover, some monks don’t even hesitate tocommit self-immolation. This is a suicidal action as a form of protest, and it suggests thatthe violations of human rights in Tibet are so serious that people choose to oppose thegovernment even if it means losing their lives. But these protests, be they radical acts like
self-immolation or other, milder, forms of social action, are the targets for punishment.
More than 16 human rights lawyers and activists are still being detained because of theauthorities’ hostility towards having an independent civil society.
Now, I guess you would agree that human right violations in Tibet are too serious
for the EU to ignore. Of course, it has tried to address this problem. For example, on the
15th of July 2017, the EU tried to issue an official statement at the UNHRC to criticize
China for such its human rights record. Considering that the human right violations inTibet are obvious, it would have been natural that all members of the EU should
unanimously agree with it.
But, the statement was vetoed by just one nationʊGreece. It was the first time inhistory for the EU to fail to issue a statement. So, why on earth did Greece disagree on
the statement? Actually, here we find a dilemma that Greece has faced, that is, thedilemma between human rights and economic benefits. In other words, Greece is
economically supported by China, and therefore has a strong incentive to compromise on
human rights. So let’s see how Greece is currently supported by China.





125

Look at this picture. These are pictures of Port Piraeus, which is located within
Athens in Greece. I am sure you can appreciate a gorgeous view like this, but what would
you say if I told you that this beautiful landscape is supported by China? Surprisingly,
China’s biggest shipping company, Cosco, bought a 51% stake in Piraeus for €280.5m aspart of a plan to make the country a shipping hub between Asia and Eastern Europe.
Piraeus also teamed up with the port of Shanghai in a deal. Athens has therefore beenable to enjoy big economic profits from this relationship. Moreover, it makes much of its
relation with China because it has suffered from economic depression after the financial
crisis in 2008. Most probably, Athens is trying to keep getting Beijing's support and isafraid of losing it if it criticizes China for its human right violations. The outcome of thiswas Athens refusing to sign the EU statement. Greece couldn’t criticize Athens because it
couldn’t help Athens instead of China. Greece didn’t have any choice but to maintain therelationship for its own profit. This was the story behind the first ever failure of the EU toissue a statement at the UNHRC.
From this example, you can see how economic profit and human right can clash
with each other. And the problem is that some nations have started to prioritize economic
profit over protecting human rights. As China gets even more influential economically,some nations will naturally come to depend on it to a greater extent and they won’t liketo displease China because that could mean incurring economic disadvantages. Therefore,
they may avoid criticizing China on its human rights problem because China will feel
offended by such criticism. As long as there are such nations in the EU, it will be very
difficult for the EU to reach a consensus on human right issues.
Lastly, considering this context, I would like to ask you to think about the following
questions:
1. Should EU official statements be decided by a majority vote or unanimously?
2. Should Greece be criticized for its stance and if yes, then how?
3. Should relationships with nations that are known to violate human rights be allowed
or given up?
But no matter which side of these issues the EU chooses, I believe that the problemof human rights should not be neglected just for the sake of economic profit. Therefore, I
ask you to think about these questions from the perspective of what the EU's stanceshould be if it is to try and protect human rights above all else.
Thank you for listening.



126



㸾Paris 7 University





127

Why Is Radicalization Happening in Europe?
Yuko Okumura

㸾KU Leuven  Hello, let me start my presentation, titled “Why Is Radicalization Happening inEurope?”First of all, do you recognize these pictures? These are from some of the terrorist
attacks which occurred last year in Europe. From the top left, the Stockholm terror attack
on April 7th, Manchester terror attack at Ariana Grande’s concert on May 22nd, theLondon Bridge terror attack on June 3rd, and the Barcelona terror attack on August 17th.
As you all now from the news, compared to the past, terrorist attacks have increased inEurope.
This made me ask myself a simple question: “Why are terror attacks on the rise?” A
simple answer would be “because people who have radical thoughts have increased”.
Then, going a step further, I came up with another question. “What kind of people getattracted to radical thoughts, and why?” So, the goal of my presentation would be to try
and find an answer to this question.
But before starting, I would like to clear up one thing. I think there are two ways to



128



explain the increase of terrorist attacks. The first one is that people who have radical
thoughts come from outside countries. For example, people from Islamic State disguisethemselves as refugees and sneak in to commit terror attacks. The second one is thatpeople who live inside a (European) country somehow get radicalized, they get attracted
to extremist kinds of thinking, and start to believe in those thoughts. The main thing I
would like to discuss today is the latter case. In other words, homegrown terrorists in
Europe.
Now, let’s get started. I will seek an explanation following this model. First, I willtalk about what kind of people have a high possibility to get attracted to radical thoughts.
These are usually local citizens living in poverty and immigrants also living in poverty.
Second, I will try to suggest why these people get attracted to radical thoughts, which canbroadly be categorized under the label of radical Islam. Finally, I will show you how
people can easily get access to terrorist know-how and learn how to commit terror attacks.
By the way, I am clearly distinguishing radical Muslims from most other peace-loving
Muslims, so please don’t feel insulted by my presentation.
Let’s move on to the first part, the characteristics of people who get attracted toradical Islam. They are “local citizens living in poverty” and “poor immigrants”. Twothings that are common to them are these: A. They suffer from identity crisis. B. They
think their misfortune is society’s fault. I will try to explain to you what each of thesefactors means. Let's take the local citizens first. When they find themselves living in poor
conditions, they tend to get abandoned by their families and friends. This is because
people normally feel it is such a burden to associate with them, they might beg for money,
they might drag you down toward a corrupted life, and so on. This leads to an identity
crisis, because they feel ostracized, or excluded, in their hometowns which should
normally be the origin of their identity. Also, they cannot accept the fact that some
immigrants are getting a better treatment than them. For example, in the UK, thegovernment has to pay part of the medical bills for immigrants. They still want to besuperior to immigrants. They think that their miserable situation is because thegovernment isn’t helping them properly, and they start to feel a grudge towards theirsociety. Next, let’s go on to immigrants living in poverty. These people are mainly
third-generation immigrants whose age usually varies from 10 to 30. They feel anidentity crisis by being denied from two directions: from their country of origin, andfrom the country they live in. In their country of origin, they are seen as someone who
deserted their homeland. Third-generation immigrants also have another nationality, suchas American or British, and people do not accept them. On the other hand, in the country
they live in, they are discriminated due to their appearance, name, way of talking etc. sothey cannot live comfortably there either. Therefore, they feel like they are accepted
nowhere, and lose their sense of identity. Also, they start to resent the society they live in,because they have difficulty getting a job, or making friends, largely due todiscrimination by that society.
Now, I’ll move on to the second partʊwhy do these people get attracted to radical





129

Islam? There are three reasons I can think of. First, it is because they can recognize
where their identity belongs, which is Muslim communities where they can feel accepted.
For example, they will be getting lots of comments on twitter or messages on skype allday, by people from radical Islam community whose purpose is to brainwash them. This
makes them feel they are being needed by someone, compared to the past when they had
no one to talk with. The second reason is because they can stand as an opponent in frontof their society they hate. The Western way of democratic thinking is completely
opposite to the radical Islam way of thinking. European societies are secular and believethat human beings have the right to make decisions. On the other hand, radical Muslims
believe that God is the utmost power and the only entity able to make the right decision,and they regard European countries as enemies which they must destroy. The third reason
is because they may think their misfortune is not due to their actions and personality, but
it is completely the "evil society’s fault". This is due to the opposite nature of the Western
way of thinking and the radical Islam way of thinking that I have been talking about.
Because of these three reasons, radical Islam becomes appealing to some people, andthey start to believe in it.
Finally, moving on to the last part, how is it that radicalized people can relatively
easily find ways to cause terrorist attacks. This is largely due to information that is freely
available on the Internet. People usually get information by looking at Facebook pages
run by radical Muslims, or online publications operated by terrorist groups like
Al-Qaeda's ”Inspire” magazine. They can access the Internet anywhere anytime and,most importantly, they won’t get caught by others when they view extremist content
online. This is why their families and close friends often fail to recognize the fact thatthey are being absorbed into radical Islam. Also, it is difficult for governments to monitor
what gets written on the Internet, because the spreading speed of online content is so fast.
There, they can get information about how to make bombs, how to use guns effectively,
how to make a building collapse, or recommended places to inflict terror, for example
tourist spots, or public places where lots of people gather. This is the picture of themagazine showing how to make bombs, and how to use guns. It is really easy tounderstand with clear pictures. Because of these contents, they feel that causing terrorism
is a familiar thing.
This takes me to the end of my presentation. In my presentation, I have described
two types of people who tend to believe in radical Islam because of an identity crisis andresentment towards European societies. Secondly, those people get attracted to radicalism
because of the opposing worldviews of modern Europeans and radical Muslims, because
they can make their misfortune the society’s fault, and because that helps them overcome
their identity crisis. Thirdly, I have shown you how easy it is to gain knowledge about
how to be a terrorist. Thank you so much for listening! If you have any questions, please
do not hesitate to ask.



130



㸾Paris 7 University





131

The Bologna Process and its Effects
Hiroaki Shinohara

㸾KU Leuven
Hi. Nice to meet you. My name is Hiroaki Shinohara. I’m very glad to make apresentation in front of you. I am a second-year student at Hitotsubashi University. I also
participate in our university's Global Leaders Program, or GLP for short. It’s a university
program which aims to help motivated students develop an international outlook and givethem the ability to participate effectively in the global community. I am personally very
interested in global education systems, so I’d like to spend the next 10 minutes talking
about the effects that introducing the Bologna Process has had on the movement ofstudents. I’ve divided my talk into two parts. First, I will give an outline of the Bologna
Process, and, after that, I will analyze the effects of the Bologna Process through the lensof something called Roy’s Model, which is a fairly simple economics model, so don’t
worry. It will also be the main part of my presentation.
First, let’s take a look at the movement of students before the Bologna process. In
this case, students move from academically lower-level countries to higher ones in orderto gain a more valuable degree. I will analyze the change in students’ movement after the
Bologna process got underway later. Please remember this diagram. All right. Next, as
you know, the Bologna process has tried to integrate the various education systems in



132



Europe and establish a common and standardized education system across the continent.
Students can now get credits easily in other countries. They can also get opportunities to
go to their optimum schools not only in their own country but also in other EU members.
This is certainly a good development. However, there are some problems. Take Germany
for example. There are several traditional education cycles there, and the years ofschooling is unique. It is difficult for Germany to adjust to the Bologna declaration’s
two-cycle system. This leveling process does not always bring good success.
Let me move on to the analysis of the Bologna Process using Roy’s model. I want tolook at a hypothetical example in order to make my explanation easier to understand. The
example is of one Japanese student’s behavior and the choices he has for going to a
medical university. First, I want to discuss a positive case. Let us take a Japanese
high-school student who wants to become a great doctor. In this case, he is relatively
smart. He has two choices, staying in Japan and going to a Japanese university, or
moving to the US and studying at a university there. Well, let me explain this chart. The
vertical line represents utility. “Utility” is an economics term which represents his degreeof satisfaction or academic growth from studying medical science. The horizontal line
represents his level of skill. Also, there are two function lines, one representing thesituation in Japan, and the other - in the US. If he has more talent or skill in studying, hecan get more utility from studying efficiently. Thus, these two functions are upward
sloping. However, these two functions are a bit different from each other. The slope andthe y-intercept (that is, the point where the line crosses the y axis) are different. In thiscase, the US has more advanced technology and education system than Japan, so theslope of the US is steeper than that of Japan. In other words, students can reach a higher
utility in the US more efficiently than in Japan. But, if students’ initial academic leveland skills are low, they cannot keep up with the classes in America. So the point where
the US line intercepts the U axis is lower than that of Japan. This all sounds a bit too
mathematical perhaps, but from now on we can analyze this model. Please remember thisguy is a Japanese student and wants to study medical science. If his skills are at a
medium level, as represented in the left part of this chart, he will probably make therational choice of going to a Japanese university, because that choice can bring moreutility to him. If he has a higher skill level, then, as you might expect, he will choose a
US university and try to study in a more competitive environment. That is, of course,
only if he has enough money to study in America.
Next, let's take a look at a negative case. In this case, the student is not so good, andhe has two negative choices: to go to university in Japan or go to Hungary to study
medical science. In this case, I want to assume that Japan has more advanced medical
technology and education system. As in the earlier positive example, if he has low skills,
he cannot keep up with the Japanese university level, and has to move to Hungary. If he
is a little better, he can study at a Japanese university, and stay in his home country.
To integrate the positive and negative models, we can notice that higher-skilled
students go to America and receive a more advanced education. Mid-level students stay





133

in Japan and lower-skilled students move to Hungary.
Now, let's go back to the Bologna Process. The liquidity of students from country tocountry in Europe is very high due to the Bologna Process. So, the movement ofhigher-skilled and lower-skilled students will be accelerated as shown in this chart. Thisis different from the earlier chart. The education environment becomes more competitive,
and the academic gap between countries will widen. In my opinion, this increase in thegap can be one of the biggest problems of the Bologna Process. We have to prepare anddeal with this problem of harder competition.
I believe the solution to this hard competition can be in the competition itself. I
think you can see where I am going with this. I want to quote one wise economist. Hisname is Friedrich Hayek. In his opinion, we can discover our talent through competition.
If you win competition A, you have talent in A. If you lose in competition B, you can
notice that you do not have talent in B, and you can take the next step. Now you should
participate in competition C. If you lose, don’t worry. That competition tells you “Ah,this is not the best field for you.” In conclusion, as for us students, we have to find our
aptitude or talent quickly to deal with today's highly competitive situation. In order to dothat, we should make an effort to take part in more competitions. In addition, eachgovernment should provide more fields of study and supply equivalent opportunities to
as many students as possible regardless of their wealth gap. That’s all. Thank you forlistening.

㸾Paris 7 University



134



The Need for Lifelong Education
Mayako Ouchi

㸾KU Leuven
Today, I will talk about education, in particular, education for workers. This may
remind you of job training or MBA courses, as they are prevalent in most countries. But
what I want to focus on today is the need for education that allows adults to gain
knowledge starting from the basics, so that they can embark on a career which iscompletely new for them. My presentation is divided into 3 parts. First, I will suggest
why this kind of education is necessary. Second, I will talk about the current situation in
Japan, my home country, and thirdʊan education system that a certain other country has
been providing with a great deal of success.
First, why do workers need to obtain educational opportunities? Is not the current
educational system suited enough to society's needs? Developed countries, including
Japan, have suffered from issues caused by their aging societies, such as tighter budgets
for social welfare, lack of human resources, and lower productivity. It is a socially sharedview in Japan that our aging society will lose its prosperity, especially in terms of theeconomy. And, we have been seeking ways to avoid that looming prospect. However,researchers, economists and politicians in the UK doubt this widely-shared belief andclaim that an aging society can have its positive aspects too. The two people shown on





135

this slide are the authors of a current best-selling book, “The 100-Year Life” ʊ Lynda
Gratton and Andrew Scott. In the book, their prime claim is that an aging society is notwhat we should fear, if we are given sufficient amount of living expences. They state that
longevity, which is inevitable, provides us with the gift of time, which implies richer andmore diversified lives. What Gratton and Scott suggest to turn longevity into a blessing
rather than a curse, is to apply a new conception of career stages, multiple career stages,
besides what was prevalent over the 20th centuryʊthe single work experience. First,
workers who are qualified to have several professional skills have more opportunities toearn in order to support their prolonged life. Additionally, the recent astonishingtechnological developments suggest that the types of lucrative jobs will tend to changeover time. By constantly striving to acquire qualities and qualifications that are essential
for getting lucrative jobs, people have fewer worries about their living expenses and areable to enjoy their extended lives more.
But we need to enhance our skills and performances if we are to do multiple jobs.
Education for adults is obviously very significant in order to achieve increased versatility.
Gratton and Scott, the authors I mentioned before, call this education “lifelong
education.”First of all, let’s define the term “lifelong education.” It is defined as an ”ongoing,
voluntary and self-motivated pursuit of knowledge for either personal or professional
reasons,” or simply putʊ“education at any age”. In my presentation, I want to focus on
education which adult workers can receive on their own volition to enhance theirknowledge and skills, starting from the basics. When I talk about “lifelong education”
here, I will not be including the various kinds of job training that companies provide
aiming to better their service quality and profitability. If lifelong education gets prevalent,
there are some advantages for not only individual learners but also for nations. On anational level, since laborers have opportunities to get educated more frequently, lifelong
education improves labor productivity and hence develops national power. This alsomeans a decrease in the nation’s unemployment rate. Therefore, I assume that
establishing a lifelong education system is worth allocating a bigger budget to.
There is a big demand for lifelong education in Japan too, actually, but only a few
people are discussing it. Why not in Japan? First, this is attributed to the uniquetraditional labor system of Japanese firms, which is a permanent employment system,
also known as lifelong employment. This means corporations employ workers till theyreach retiring age, which is around 65. Thus, Japanese employees rarely change
companies. Without spread of education for workers, employers are not likely to besupportive of workers’ individual learning, because they assume that their employees'
spending extra time to study leads to a worse business performance on the part of thecompany, and they naturally want to keep qualified workers hired. Therefore, employees
barely provide workers with financial and psychological support for their learning, andworkers in Japan cannot afford expensive fees for educational classes. Also, workers whoare swamped with work have little time to spare for additional learning. Moreover,



136



universitiesʊthe traditional providers of lifelong educationʊare at least part of, andprobably even a crucial reason why only a small number of employees have received
additional education. Universities have reduced night classes which are suitable forworkers. Some universities even set age limits for enrolling and scholarships.
Considering these factors, I am convinced that lifelong education is not supported inJapanese society on the whole, and hence not very common.
So, is there any country where lifelong education is prevalent? One example isFrance. The French government has legislated for vocational training for several groupsof people, such as new graduates, jobless people and workers who want to enhance theirabilities even more. Since my presentation focuses on providing people with continuous
opportunities to obtain jobs, I want to focus on the job training in France for adult
employees䠊
According to the “Organization of Professional Continuous Education”, it isguaranteed that workers in France can request up to 20 hours a year for additional
education from their employers. During their leave, workers can receive 80% of theirnormal wages (and, if over 1200hours per yearʊ60%). Employers need to spend 1.5% of
their overall wages on employee education.
Lifelong learning and adult education are currently managed by public and private
institutions in France. Mostly, centers attached to national universities contribute toproviding tertiary education, which is sometimes called “formal education.” Formal
education covers professional subjects, including engineering, technology, and financial
management. They can also take “informal education” classes, which include basic
literacy, foreign languages, and communication skills. I assume these classes mostly
target jobless people with lower education and elderly people who are already retired, so
I will not go further into this “informal education.”
Finally, let me summarize my presentation. In this age of technologicaldevelopment and ageing developed societies, lifelong education is needed by both people
and nations. While Japan has not established relevant laws and educational institutions
yet, France has guaranteed its people’s right to learn and has provided the necessary
facilities. Creating laws which encourage the establishment of such institutions definitely
motivates workers to continue improving their skills and knowledge enough to haverealistic chances of obtaining new jobs. Developed countries, which will inevitably haveto counter the problems created by their aging societies need to prepare for longer living
generations of people, which is not a “futuristic” prospect at all. France should also leadother countries which suffer from similar problems resulting from an aging population.
But since each country has its own political system and values, the important thing is foreach country to try and establish institutions and laws suitable to it and not simply mimic
France. As a Japanese citizen living in one of the fastest-aging countries in the world, I
will certainly try to keep an eye on lifelong education precedents and examples from





137

around the world.

㸾Paris 7 University



138



How to increase accepted refugees in Japan?
Yuri Shinoda

㸾KU Leuven
Hello, everyone. I’m Yuri Shinoda, from Hitotsubashi University’s economic
department. I think the problem of refugees is very serious right now in Europe. On theother hand, in fact it’s not discussed very much in Japan. So, today I’m going to focus on
this topic and would like to think together with you about what Japan must do to increase
the number of refugees that it accepts.
First of all, let me clearly define what a refugee is. In Japan, the media sometimes
treats both refugees and emigrants as more or less the same thing. However, I want to use
the definition of the United Nation's 1951 Refugee Convention, according to which
refugees are people who have been forced to leave their country in order to escape war,
persecution, or natural disasters.
Now, let’s move on to the main topic. I’m first going to compare Japan with several
European countries, then I will focus on two refugee-related problems in Japan andfinally suggest a possible solution to each problem.





139

How many refugees do you imagine Japan has accepted so far? I personally havenever met any refugees in Japan and I wonder whether European people have an image
about my country that, although it invests large amounts of money, it doesn't act for real.
So, let's compare Japan with some countries in Europe. Though the UK recently
chose to leave the EU, 27 countries still belong to it. For the sake of comparison, I havechosen three countries that are similar to Japan in different ways. For example, the UK is
an island nation much like Japan. Germany is a country that has similar land size, andSwitzerland has a population density resembling that of Japan. In addition, all three
countries have almost same GDP compared to Japan's, so we do not have to worry about
great differences in these countries' economic power.
However, if we look at the number of accepted refugees, it is much smaller in Japan.
Why is that? This is a simple diagram which tries to show how I think about social issues.
The triangle represents the whole of society, and it is divided into two levels: the lower
representing the institutional level, the upper࣮the ethical or emotional mindset of theindividuals in that society. Each level requires different approaches in order to address a
problem, such as accepting refugees. For instance, some Japanese think that foreigners
are scary, so, in order to deal with the problem at this upper level, we have to try to makepeople change their biases. Now, it is certainly true that thinking about the upper level isimportant, but today I would like to focus on the lower level. The most important thingthat I want to emphasize is that we have to try and solve the problems fundamentally.
Without a sound institutional approach, it is useless to make efforts at the upper level.
Therefore, I would like to approach the refugee problem from this institutional level andpresent my idea for helping to increase the number of accepted refugees in Japan.
The first problem is that Japan has an inadequate procedural process for accepting
refugees. In this section, I will again make a comparison with Germany, since this is acountry that accepts the biggest number of refugees in the world. The left photo shows
how examiners interview refugees in Germany, which I took from a documentary madein Germany. From the beginning, Germany has had a specialized agency, originallycalled the Federal Office for the Recognition of Foreign Refugees (currently the Federal
Office for Migration and Refugees), where refugee examiners determine whether or not
to accept refugees. On the other hand, Japan doesn’t have any special organization like
Germany, and the Ministry of Justice is tasked with handling the issue instead. Since the
Ministry of Justice has many other tasks to do such as dealing with rehabilitation of
offenders or playing the role of country attorney when Japan is sued by a foreign nation,
the situation means that thinking about accepting refugees is only one small part of theirduties and naturally receives much less attention. In addition, Japan has a retrial systemwith the Minister of Justice making the first decision. If it is rejected, there is a second
hearing, but as this second hearing is also judged by the Justice Minister, in most cases
the original result is not overturned.



140



The second problem has to do with language. Recently, I had an opportunity to meetsomeone who works at the Japanese Ministry of Defense and I asked what is the maindifficulty in accepting refugees in Japan. He mentioned that Japanese is the only
language people use in Japan. In Europe, people share common words and similaralphabets, while on the other hand, Japanese uses two alphabets - hiragana and katakana,and Chinese characters (kanji) on top of that, and they are very difficult for foreigners tolearn. It is said that many nurses used to come to Japan from Indonesia, but many ofthem ended up returning to their countries because of the difficulty in learning Japanese.
I am sure that the situation is a little bit different, but we all know how difficult it is tolearn Japanese.
Let’s move on to some possible solutions. Let me start with the first problem. Like
Germany, Japan have to build a special organization for accepting refugees and it should
be independent from the nation’s government. Moreover, I think it would be better tofocus on training professional refugee examiners. For instance, Japan could send new
examiners to train abroad or even to spend some time working in countries where therefugee-accepting system is much more advanced, and then have them come back toJapan with that kind of experience. Or, Japan could send people to observe how theprocess is organized in such countries and then have the Japanese examiners learn fromtheir examples.
Moving on to second problem, I think the Japanese government should introduce a
better program for teaching Japanese to foreigners. On the screen, you can see different
kinds of language-learning software that you can use on your PC. In the case of learning
English, some popular software packages include duoLingo, iKnow, and RosettaStone.
The two on the left are free to use and, while you do have to pay for the one on the right(RosettaStone), the user can get a higher quality of lessons. In fact, I actually used
RosettaStone when I was a junior high school student and it did help me improve myEnglish. Therefore, I believe it will also be effective in teaching Japanese to refugees.
Finally, I would like to say that I will try to continue keeping an eye on the refugee
problem in the future as well, as it is not something that only affects Europe, but rather
the whole world. That's it from me and thank you for listening.





141

㸾Paris 7 University



142



Advanced Efforts at Rural Depopulated Area
Kosuke Miyoshi

㸾KU Leuven
Good evening, everyone. I am very glad to make a presentation in front of you. My
name is Kosuke Miyoshi. I am a 4th-year student at Hitotsubashi University and I’mmajoring in environmental economics, so I want to talk about “Advanced Efforts in
Depopulated Rural Areas”.
In the first place, do you know what “depopulation” is? According to the Japanese
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, the definition of depopulation is “adecrease in the number of people in a community, as a result of which the residents inthat community suffer from an imbalance in their quality of life or productivity. For
example, population decline may cause problems in the areas of medicine, education, anddisaster prevention. ”Depopulation in rural areas is a common phenomenon in developed
countries. As people move from rural to urban areas, the number of people in rural areas
decreases. Now, moving on to the next point, I would like to show that depopulation ishappening not only in Japan, but also in Europe.
This map shows the population density of France. The population density in the blueand green areas is low. If you look at this map carefully, you can notice that the densityof the population in this middle section between France's North-East and South-West is





143

quite low. This middle area is called the "the barren diagonal" or “diagonale aride” inFrench. Depopulation is one of the biggest problems in France as well as in Japan.
Moving on, let's have a look at this table. In it, Japan and France are compared interms of their population, size, and population density. The population of France is close
to half that of Japan, but its total area is 1.5 times larger. The population density inFrance is one-third of Japan's. Thus, we may say that France has the higher potential for
depopulation. Japan itself has been struggling with depopulation for a long time and mycountry actually might have something to offer in terms of strategies on how to deal withthe problem.
For example, let me show you the example of Kamiyama Town in Tokushima
Prefecture. The town of Kamiyama has only six thousand people and is a typicaldepopulated area, but it has approached the problem of population decline in its own
original ways, and has achieved remarkable success in the past few years. Many people
around the world have come to be interested in that town, with many visiting it to learn
from its success. Kamiyama has succeeded mainly in three points. First, the number ofyoung domestic immigrants in that town has increased. From 2010 to 2013, 105 young
people from 58 households have moved into the town. This has resulted in positive net
migration for the first time since the town was founded in 1955, which has been a second
important achievement. Last, many IT companies have also come to the town.
Surprisingly, there were no IT companies in Kamiyama before 2010, but now 17 IT
companies have their offices there. On average, 2 to 3 new companies have moved thereeach year. So, why has Kamiyama succeeded so remarkably? Let’s think about the secretof their success.
First, Kamiyama is making the best use of their strengths and resources. The great
natural environment attracts many creative people. Moreover, Kamiyama has provided ahigh-quality network environment, which IT companies require. As a result, IT
companies are entering Kamiyama one after another. In my opinion, it is essential forrural areas to discover their unique resources or advantages in order to be attractive tooutsiders.
Kamiyama also tries to invite only people that it considers suitable to the town’sconcept and vision. Usually, candidate immigrants' applications are processed on afirst-come-first-serve basis, but Kamiyama has chosen a surprising strategy of keeping
the right to choose its immigrants. For example, in allocating real estate properties,
Kamiyama has given precedence to food establishments like bakeries and pizza shops, orcreative people like artists and designers. This policy is called “Work-in-residence” and it
has enabled Kamiyama to be the city that it wants to be.
Kamiyama offers the kind of new work-life balance that urban people strongly
demand. Recently, more and more people have become interested in a slower rural
lifestyle. Kamiyama has advertized, through TV programs, the advantages of letting



144



people work in a natural environment. For instance, in one popular Japanese TV program
which featured Kamiyama, several IT creators were seen doing their desk work
surrounded by a beautiful scenery. In addition, the town has urged more advanced
improvements on work-life balance. For example, some stores have introduced newworking systems, like allowing employees to take three days off a week, or athree-month vacation in winter.
Kamiyama is making efforts to ensure its future. It is necessary to train new
generations of young people in depopulated areas where elderly people are on theincrease. A Kamiyama cram school is conducting successor training programs. Now,
more than 100 students, aged around 30 on average, have already graduated from that
school. From this school, over 50 percent of students have stayed in Kamiyama,
including 12 couples. Many of its graduates have played an important role in revitalizing
the town. For example, many new shoe stores, bag stores, lunch box stores, and so on,
have appeared in the main street of Kamiyama.
Finally, I would like to summarize Kamiyama's story. We can learn 4 points fromthis little town. First, “Discover your strengths and make use of them.” Second, “Sort out
your immigrants.” Third, “Provide new and exciting work styles.” Last, “Train future
successors.” In this presentation, I have only talked about one particular successful case,but I believe these are some effective measures that can be used to deal with the problem
of depopulation elsewhere too. Thank you for listening!

㸾Paris 7 University





145

➨  㒊 ᪑ࡢグ㘓


࣮ࣦ࢙ࣝࣥ
⠛⏣ ⏤⌮

 ⚾ࡣ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮࡜ゝ࠼ࡤࣈࣜࣗࢵࢭࣝ࡜࠸࠺ඛධほࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵࠊ࣮ࣝ
ࣦ࢙ࣥ࡜⪺࠸࡚ࡶ࠶ࡲࡾ⯆࿡ࢆᣢ࡚ࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ⛅෤Ꮫᮇࡢᇶ♏ࢮ࣑ࢼ࣮ࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ゼၥࡍࡿ㒔ᕷࡢୗㄪ࡭࡜ሗ࿌᭩సᡂࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࠊ
ࢿࢵࢺ࡛࣮ࣦ࢙ࣝࣥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪ࡭࡚ࡳ࡚ࡶࠊࠕ࢔࢝ࢹ࣑ࢵࢡ࡞Ꮫ⏕ࡢ⾤ࠖࠊࠕࣅ࣮ࣝࡀ⨾࿡ࡋ࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺࡯࡝ࡢ᝟ሗࡋ࠿࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ኱ࡁ࡞෗┿ࢆ」ᩘᯛῧ࠼ࠊ▷࠸ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࢆࡘࡅࡓࡔࡅ࡛ࡋࡓࠋΏ⯟ᙜ᪥࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶࠕ࡝ࡇ࠿
ศ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸࡜ࡇࢁ࡬⾜ࡃࢇࡔ࡞ࠖ࡜ᛮ࠸ࠊࡉ࡯࡝ᮇᚅࡶࡏࡎ࡟࣮ࣦ࢙ࣝࣥ࡬
࡜ྥ࠿࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ

ᕷᗇ⯋


146



 ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᐇ㝿㎺ࡾࡘ࠸࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ▼␚ࡢ㐨㊰ࡸྂ࠸↢⎰ࡢᘓ≀ࡀࡑࡢࡲࡲ
ṧࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ୰ኸ࡟ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞ᗈሙࡸ㚝ࡀ㬆ࡿ኱ࡁ࡞ᅗ᭩㤋ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡉ࡟ࣚ
࣮ࣟࢵࣃࢆឤࡌࡿ⾤୪ࡳ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡀ㏻࠺୍ᶫ኱ᏛࡶྂࡁⰋࡁ࢔࢝ࢹ࣑
ࢵࢡ࡞⿦࠸ࢆឤࡌࡉࡏࡿ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ⚾ࡣࡑࡢ㞺ᅖẼࡶዲࡁ୍࡛ᶫ
ࢆ㑅ࢇࡔࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡔ࠿ࡽࡇࡑ࣮ࣦ࢙ࣝࣥࡢ㞺ᅖẼࡣ⬚࡟ࡄࡗ࡜ࡃࡿࡶࡢࡀ
࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ

࣮ࣦ࢙࣭ࣝࣥ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ኱Ꮫ࡟ࡼࡿḼ㏄఍
⮬ᐙ〇ࣅ࣮࡛ࣝ᭷ྡ࡞ࣞࢫࢺࣛࣥ Domus ୍᪥࠸ࢀࡤᕷෆࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡣ࿘ࡾษࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡋࠊṌ࠸࡚࠸ࢀࡤ௚ࡢ࣓ࣥ
ࣂ࣮࡜ࡶฟ㐼ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡯࡝ࡢࢥࣥࣃࢡࢺ࡞⾤࡛ࡋࡓࡀࠊึࡵ࡚࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ
࡟Ώ⯟ࡋࡓேࡀ኱༙ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡓ௒ᅇࡢᾏእㄪᰝࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ័
ࢀ࡞࠸ᅵᆅ࡬ࡢ⫪័ࡽࡋ࡟ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸㒔ᕷ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠕࡇࢀࡀ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ
࡞ࢇࡔࠖ࡜ᛮࢃࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡞ሙᡤ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⣲ᩛ࡞㒔ᕷࡔࡗࡓ࡜ឤࡌࡲࡍࠋ





147

 ⌧ᆅ࡛ࡣ GLP ➨㸱ᮇ⏕࡛⌧ᅾ࣮ࣦ࢙࣭ࣝࣥ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ኱Ꮫ࡟␃Ꮫ୰ࡢᑠụ᭷ேࡉࢇ࡟᱌ෆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊᑅࡢᵝᏊࡶぢࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃᶵ఍ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋ
ࡓࠋ㛛ࢆࡃࡄࢀࡤࠊࡲࡉ࡟ᫎ⏬ࠗࣁ࣮࣭࣏ࣜࢵࢱ࣮࠘࡟ฟ࡚ࡁࡑ࠺࡞ᘓ≀ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ⚾ࡣࡑࡇ࡛⮬ศࡀࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢᮏࡸྂ࠸㞧㈌࡟ᅖࡲࢀ࡞ࡀࡽຮᙉࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿᵝᏊࢆ᝿ീࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾⮬㌟ࡣࡲࡔ␃ᏛඛࡀỴࡲࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊᾏእㄪᰝཧ
ຍ๓ࡣ␃Ꮫ࡬ࡢࣔࢳ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡶୗࡀࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊᐇ㝿࡟ᾏእ࡛ຮᙉࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᵝᏊࡸ⏕ά⎔ቃࢆ┠ࡢᙜࡓࡾ࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛᝿ീࡀ⭾ࡽࡳࠊ⮬ศࡶࡇࢇ࡞⤒㦂ࢆࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡲࡋࡓࠋ⣙ 10 ᪥㛫ࡢᾏእㄪᰝ
ࢆࡇࡢ࣮ࣦ࢙ࣝࣥ࠿ࡽጞࡵࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟Ⰻ࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ

࣮ࣦ࢙࣭ࣝࣥ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ኱Ꮫ ⴗ㔝 㞞ᙪ ◊ಟࡢ 3 ᪥┠ࡣࠊ⥭ᙇࡋࡘࡘࡶ㡹ᙇࡗ࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓศࠊ࣮ࣦ࢙ࣝࣥࡢ⾤ࡸᏛ⏕ࡢ࠿ࡉࢆᙉࡃឤࡌࡓ 1 ᪥࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮ࡢ㤳㒔ࣈࣜࣗࢵࢭࣝ࠿ࡽࣂࢫ࡛ 30 ศ࡯࡝㞳ࢀࡓṔྐⓗ࡞⾤ࡀ࣮ࣦ࢙࡛ࣝࣥࡍࠋࡇࡢ᪥ࡣ࣮ࣦ࢙࣭ࣝࣥ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ኱Ꮫ࡟࡚ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ
ࢆ⾜࠺᪥࡛ࡋࡓࡀࠊ༤ኈࡢᏛ⏕ࡢ๓࡛ⱥㄒࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆࡍ
ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ධᛕ࡟‽ഛࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࡳࢇ࡞⥭ᙇࡋࡓᵝᏊ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ
ࠕ࡝ࢇ࡞㗦࠸㉁ၥࡀ㣕ࢇ࡛ࡃࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠖ࡜୙Ᏻࢆᢪࡃᡃࠎ࡜ࡣ⿬⭡࡟ࠊṔྐࡢ࠶ࡿ▼㐀ࡾࡢ❧ὴ࡞࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ࡛ᮅ࠿ࡽ⏕ࡁ⏕ࡁ࡜ヰࡍ⌧ᆅࡢᏛ⏕ࡓࡕࡣ࡜
࡚ࡶ㈼ࡑ࠺࡟ぢ࠼ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᝿ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㏻ࡾࠊKU Leuven ࡢᏛ⏕ࡣࡳ࡞┿๢࡟ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ⪺࠸࡚ࡃࢀ࡚ࠊᵝࠎ࡞㉁ၥࡶ㣕ࡧ஺࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⛣Ẹ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓᏛ⏕࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠕᐇ㝿࡟᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣ࡝࠺࡞ࡢ㸽ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⌧ᐇⓗ࠿ࡘᘓタⓗ࡞㆟ㄽࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚ࡃࢀࡿᏛ⏕ࡓࡕࡣࠊࡉࡍࡀࢻࢡࢱ࣮ࡢᏛ⏕ࡢⓙࡉࢇࡔ࡞࡜࠸ࡗࡓឤ᝿࡛ࡋࡓࠋ
ࣉࣞࢮࣥࡢྜ㛫ࡢࢥ࣮ࣄ࣮࣭ࣈࣞ࢖ࢡ࡛ࡣࠊḟࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥ࡟ഛ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡾࠊ
⮬ศࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢆ⤊࠼࡚࣍ࢵ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡾࠊ๓ࡢෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᘬࡁ⥆ࡁ㆟ㄽࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡾ࡜ࡵ࠸ࡵ࠸࡟᫬㛫ࢆ㐣ࡈࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ


148



KU Leuven の学生の「日本の起業家はどうして少ないのか」についての発表
は新鮮なものでした。また、一人の学生が交換留学制度についての研究を進めており、KU Leuven の学生 1000 人で調査したところ「留学経験のある学生の方が、ない学生に比べて初任給が 11%低い」という結果が出てしまった、との発表に一同笑いが起こりました。この意外な結果に対する彼女の仮説としては、「勉学に意欲的な学生は進学を選び、給与に対する意識は高くない」とのことでした。Global Leaders Program に所属し、留学を控えている日本人
学生が多かったので、我々にはホットなトピックでした。
発表後はワッフルやホットチョコレートを用意してくれて、ベルギーのス
イーツを心ゆくまで楽しめました。日本で言うところの「おもてなし」の心を感じたことは、強く印象に残っています。全体として我々をホストするにあたって入念に準備をくれた上に、レベルの高い議論をくれた現地の学生た
ちには我々一同大変感謝しています。
最後に KU Leuven の代表の先生が「もし留学を考えているならいつでもぜ
ひルーヴェンにお越しください」と言ってくださり、その言葉がお世辞や形式的なものではなく、意欲的な学生は喜んで受け入れたいという先生の強い想いが感じられるもので、日本以外の大学も強く魅力的に感じられる機会になりました。

討論会を終えて、ワッフルを食べながらお別れ会

149

149

ࣈࣜࣗࢵࢭࣝ᳃ 㤶⳯Ꮚ࣮ࣦ࢙ࣝࣥࡢ࣍ࢸࣝࢆ 19 ᫬࡟ฟⓎࡋࠊ30 ศ࡯࡝ࣂࢫ࡛す᪉ྥ࡟⛣ືࡋ࡚ࠊ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮ࡢ㤳㒔ࣈࣜࣗࢵࢭࣝ࡟฿╔ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋே㏻ࡾࡀᑡ࡞ࡃⴠࡕ╔࠸ࡓ㞺ᅖẼࡢ࣮ࣦ࢙ࣝࣥ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊࣈࣜࣗࢵࢭࣝࡢ୰ኸ㥐௜㏆ࡣࣞࢫࢺࣛࣥࡸࢩ
ࣙࢵࣆࣥࢢ࣮ࣔࣝࡀ㞟ࡲࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊኪࡶ㈰ࡸ࠿࡛ࡋࡓࠋゼࢀࡿほගᐈࡶከࡃࠊ
⳹ࡸ࠿࡞㒔఍ࡽࡋࡉࢆឤࡌࡲࡋࡓࠋ⩣᪥ࡢ༗๓୰࡟ EU ᮏ㒊ࢆゼࢀࡓᚋࠊ༗ᚋ
࡟ࡣࣈࣜࣗࢵࢭࣝᕷෆࢆほගࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࣈࣜࣗࢵࢭࣝࡣᑠࡉ࡞㒔ᕷ࡛࠶ࡿࡓ
ࡵࠊ༙᪥࠶ࢀࡤほගྡᡤࢆࡲࢃࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮ࢳࣙࢥ࣮ࣞࢺࡢ࠾ᅵ
⏘ࢆ㑅ࡪࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ⋤ᐑࡸ⋤ࡢᐙࠊᕷᗇ⯋ࠊ኱⪷ᇽ࡞࡝⋤ᐙ࡜㛵ࢃࡾࡢ῝࠸ఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ᘓ≀ࡀከ࠸ࡇ࡜ࠊࢳࣙࢥ࣮ࣞࢺࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡍࡿࢫ࢖࣮ࢶࡢྡᗑ
ࡀᩘከࡃ㞟୰ⓗ࡟୪ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢࡀࣈࣜࣗࢵࢭࣝࡢ≉ᚩ࡛ࡍࠋᮏሙࣈࣜࣗࢵࢭࣝࡢࢳࣙࢥ࣮ࣞࢺ


150



ࡲࡎࠊࣈࣜࣗࢵࢭࣝࡢ୍␒ࡢぢᡤ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࢢ࣭ࣛࣥࣉࣛࢫ࡜࠸࠺㛗᪉ᙧࡢᗈሙࢆᣲࡆࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢᗈሙࡣࣘࢿࢫࢥୡ⏺㑇⏘࡟Ⓩ㘓ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊୡ⏺୍⨾ࡋ࠸ᗈሙ࡜⛠ࡉࢀࡿ࡯࡝ࡢぢࡈࡓ࠼࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࣛ࢖ࢺ࢔ࢵࣉࡉࢀࡓኪ࡟ゼࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊᗈሙࢆᅖࡴࢦࢩࢵࢡᵝᘧࡢ⋤ࡢᐙࠊᕷᗇ⯋ࠊࢠࣝࢻࣁ࢘ࢫࡀ㍤ࡃᵝ
Ꮚ࡟ࡣᜥࢆ㣧ࡳࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᗈሙࡣ኱ኚ⳹ࡸ࠿࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ㐣ཤ࡟ࡣࣉࣟ
ࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢṥᩍ⪅ࡀฎฮࡉࢀࡓᬯ࠸Ṕྐࢆᣢࡘᗈሙ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ஧ᖺ࡟
୍ᗘࠊኟ࡟ࡣࡇࡢᗈሙࡣⰼࡢ⤧Ẩ࡛ᩜࡁワࡵࡽࢀࡿࡑ࠺࡛ࠊḟᅇࡣࡑࡢ᫬ᮇ
࡟ゼࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡽ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋḟࡢぢᡤ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࢧ࣭࣑ࣥࢵࢩ࢙ࣝ኱⪷ᇽࢆ⤂௓ࡋࡲࡍࠋࣈࣜࣗࢵࢭࣝࡣẚ
㍑ⓗప࠸ᘓ≀ࡀከࡃࠊࡇࡢᕧ኱࡞ࢦࢩࢵࢡᵝᘧࡢ⪷ᇽࡣ࠿࡞ࡾ┠❧ࡕࡲࡍࠋ኱⪷ᇽ࡟ධࡗ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ኱ࡁ࡞⣲ᩛ࡞ࢫࢸࣥࢻࢢࣛࢫࡀࡍࡄ࡟┠࡟ධࡗ࡚ࠊ
ចࡁࡘࡅࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡀ௒ࡲ࡛ぢࡓࡇ࡜ࡢ࠶ࡗࡓࢫࢸࣥࢻࢢࣛࢫࡣከࡃࡀ
㉥ࡸ㟷࡜࠸ࡗࡓὴᡭ࡞Ⰽ࡛⿦㣭ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡇࡢ኱
⪷ᇽࡢ࣓࢖ࣥࡢࢫࢸࣥࢻࢢࣛࢫࡣⷧ࠸ỈⰍ࡜ⴠࡕ╔࠸ࡓ㔠Ⰽࢆᇶㄪ࡟ࡋࡓရ
ࡢ࠶ࡿⰍ౑࠸࡛ࠊⴠࡕ╔࠸ࡓ㞺ᅖẼࢆసࡾୖࡆ࡚࠾ࡾ኱ኚ⥡㯇࡛ࡋࡓࠋࢳࣙࢥ࣮ࣞࢺࢆᢅ࠺࠾ᗑࡀᩘከ࠸ࡢࡣࣈࣜࣗࢵࢭࣝ࡞ࡽ࡛ࡣ࡛ࠊ᭷ྡࣈࣛࣥ
ࢻࡢᮏᗑࡀࡓࡃࡉࢇ㞟ࡲࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ୍ࡘ୍ࡘࡢ࠾ᗑࢆぢ࡚ࡲࢃࡿࡔࡅ࡛ᖾࡏ
࡞Ẽศ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣ᪥ᮏ࡟࡞࠸࠾ᗑ࡛㈙࠸ࡓ࠸࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ࣋ࣝ
ࢠ࣮⋤ᐊᚚ⏝㐩࡜᭩࠸࡚࠶ࡿᆅඖࡢ࠾ᗑ࡛ࢳࣙࢥࢆ㈙࠼ࡓࡢࡀᎰࡋ࠿ࡗࡓ࡛
ࡍࠋࡇࡖࢇࡲࡾ࡜ࡋࡓࣈࣜࣗࢵࢭࣝࡣࠊ㈰ࡸ࠿࡞㒔ᕷࡢ㞺ᅖẼ࡜Ẽရࡢ࠶ࡿఏ⤫ⓗ࡞㞺ᅖẼࡀ㞄ࡾྜࢃࡏ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࠾ࡋࡷࢀ࡞⏫࡛ࡋࡓࠋࢢ࣭ࣛࣥࣉࣛࢫࡢኪ




151

EU ㆟఍ ዟᮧ ⿱Ꮚ

 EU ㆟఍ࡣ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮࡜ࣝࢡࢭࣥࣈࣝࢡࡢ㸰ࣨᡤ࡟⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࣈࣜࣗࢵ
ࢭࣝࡣ⣙ 1000 ࢟ࣟᅪෆ࡟す࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃྛᅜࡢ㤳㒔ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ஺㏻ࡢ౽࡟ᜨࡲࢀ
࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࠊ◊ಟࡢ 5 ᪥┠࡛࠶ࡿ 1 ᭶ 23 ᪥࡟ࠊࣈࣜࣗࢵࢭࣝ࡟࠶ࡿ
EU ㆟఍ࢆゼၥࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣࠊEU ㆟఍࡛ാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿᗈሗࡢ᪉ࡀ⣙㸯᫬㛫࡟ࢃࡓࡾㄝ᫂࡜᱌ෆࢆࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ

Ḣᕞ㆟఍࡛ࡢ㉁␲

 ࡲࡎࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ㐃ྜࡢᇶ♏ⓗ࡞ヰࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ⌧ᅾ 28 ࠿ᅜࡀᡤᒓࡋࠊ
බ⏝ㄒࡣ 24 ࣨᅜㄒ࡛ࡍࠋⓙࡀࢡ࢖ࢬᙧᘧ࡛ᡤᒓᅜࢆᙜ࡚࡚࠸ࡿᵝᏊࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟ᴦࡋࡑ࠺࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ㐃ྜຍ┕ೃ⿵ᅜ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᅜࡣࠊࣔ
ࣥࢸࢿࢢࣟࠊ࣐ࢣࢻࢽ࢔ࠊ࢔ࣝࣂࢽ࢔ࠊࢭࣝࣅ࢔ࠊࢺࣝࢥࡢ 5 ࣨᅜ࡛ࡍࠋEU


152



ᅪෆࡢேཱྀࡣ⣙ 5 ൨ 1 ༓୓ே࡟ࡶཬࡧࠊつᶍࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡀ࠺࠿ࡀ࠼ࡲࡍࠋ࣮ࣚ
ࣟࢵࣃ㐃ྜࡢ᪝࡟ࡣ 12 ಶࡢᫍࡀᥥ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣึᮇࡢຍ┕ᅜᩘࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡶࠊ⌧ᅾࡢຍ┕ᅜᩘࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ12࡜࠸࠺ᩘࡣࠊ౛࠼ࡤ 12 ࠿᭶ࠊ㸯ࢲ࣮ࢫ 12 ಶࡀ⾲ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ⤫୍ࠊ㐃ᖏࠊࡑࡋ࡚ㄪ࿴ࢆ♧ࡍᩘ࡛ࡍࠋ12 ࡢᫍࡀ୪ࡪ᪝ࡣ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ㐃ྜࡢ࠶ࡿ࡭ࡁጼࢆ㇟
ᚩࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ḟ࡟ࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ㆟఍࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠾ヰࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ㆟఍࡟ࡣࠊ⌧ᅾ 751 ྡࡢ㆟ဨ࡜ 8 ࡘࡢᨻඪࡀᏑᅾࡋࡲࡍࠋ751 ྡ࡜࠸࠺㆟ဨࡢᩘࡣࠊ
Ẹ୺ⓗ࡟㑅ࡤࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ᭱኱つᶍࡢᩘᏐ࡛ࡍࠋ㆟ဨᩘࡣྛᅜࡢேཱྀ࡟
ẚ౛ࡋ࡚๭ࡾ᣺ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㆟ဨࡢ௵ᮇࡣ 5 ᖺ࡛ࡍࠋඪࡣᅜࡈ࡜࡟ศ࠿ࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᨻඪࡈ࡜࡟ศ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊࢻ࢖ࢶࡢಖᏲᨻඪࡢ
㆟ဨ࡜ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢಖᏲᨻඪࡢ㆟ဨࡣࠊEU ㆟఍࡛ࡣྠࡌඪ࡟ᡤᒓࡋࡲࡍࠋ୍᪉
࡛ࠊᅜࡣ୍⥴࡛ࡶࠊࢻ࢖ࢶࡢࣜ࣋ࣛࣝ࡞ᨻඪࡢ㆟ဨࡣࢻ࢖ࢶࡢಖᏲᨻඪࡢ㆟ဨ࡜ྠࡌඪ࡟ࡣᡤᒓࡋࡲࡏࢇࠋ1 ࡘࡢඪࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ 7 ࣨᅜᡤᒓࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺つ๎ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ㆟఍ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿ㝿࡟ࡣࠊ㆟㛗࠿ࡽぢ࡚ᕥഃ࠿ࡽᵓᡂேᩘࡢከ࠸ඪࡈ࡜࡟ᗙࡾࡲࡍࠋ㆟఍୰ࡢウㄽࡣ᏶඲࡟බ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊㄡ࡛ࡶど⫈ྍ⬟࡛ࡍࠋ㆟㛗ࡢᚋࢁഃ࡟ࡣࠊ࢞ࣛࢫ
ࢆᣳࢇ࡛ 24 ࡢࣈ࣮ࢫࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ24 ࣨᅜㄒࡢྠ᫬㏻ヂࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡲࡍࠋᢞ⚊ࡣࠊࡲࡎᣲᡭไ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡲࡍࠋ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟㈶ᡂࡲࡓࡣ཯ᑐࡀ኱ከᩘࡢ㝿࡟ࡣࠊ༶ᗙ࡟
⤖ᯝࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢᕪࡀᑡ࡞࠸࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣࠊྛ㆟ဨࡢ๓࡟࠶ࡿ࣎ࢱ
ࣥࢆᢲࡍࡇ࡜࡛⚊ࢆ㞟ࡵࡲࡍࠋウㄽ୰ࡣࠊ㆟ဨࡢฟධࡾࡣྍ⬟࡛ࡍࡀࠊᢞ⚊ᶒࡢㆡΏࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊEU ㆟఍ࡢᘓ≀࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶゐࢀ࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡍࠋቨ࡟ࡣከࡃࡢ⤮⏬ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊຍ┕ᅜࡢⱝ࠸᭷ᮃ࡞⏬ᐙࡓࡕ࠿ࡽ㈙ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࣔࢲ
ࣥ࡞ࢸ࢖ࢫࢺࡢࡶࡢࡀከࡃࠊ3D ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ≀ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ඲⤮⏬ࡢ⥲㢠ࡣ࠾ࡼࡑ 1 ൨ 7700 ୓࣮ࣘࣟ࡟ࡲ࡛ཬࡪ࡜ࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ⚾ࡣࠊಶேⓗ࡟ 2 ࡘࡢⅬࡀ༳㇟࡟ṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ1 ࡘ┠ࡣࠊᅜࡈ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ
ඪࡈ࡜࡟㆟఍ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡍࠋྛᅜࡀ⮬ᅜࡢ฼┈ࢆồࡵ࠸ࡀࡳྜࡗ
࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊྠࡌᛮ᝿ࢆᣢࡘඪࡈ࡜࡟ࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢேᶒࡸࡼࡾࡼ࠸㈠᫆ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᐇࡾ࠶ࡿ㆟ㄽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ2 ࡘ┠ࡣࠊྠ᫬㏻ヂࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿⅬ࡛ࡍࠋᐇ㝿࡟ゼࢀࡿ௨๓ࡣࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃᅪෆ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ࡝ࡇ࡛ࡶⱥㄒࡀ㏻
ࡌࡿࡶࡢࡔ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ☜࠿࡟㏻ࡌࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡣ㏻ࡌࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊゝ࠸





153

⾲ࡋࡓ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆⓗ☜࡟⾲ࡍ༢ㄒࡀࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒ࡛ࡋ࠿ฟ࡚ࡇ࡞࠸ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࣇࣛ
ࣥࢫே࡟ఱᗘࡶฟ఍࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ㆟఍࡛ウㄽࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࡣࠊពぢࢆ᫂☜࡟୺ᙇࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୙ྍḞ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊẕᅜㄒࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୍␒࡛࠶ࡾࠊ
ࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ྠ᫬㏻ヂࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ␗࡞ࡿゝㄒࢆẕᅜㄒ࡟ᣢࡘ⪅ྠኈ࡛㆟ㄽࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ㞴ࡋࡉࢆឤࡌࡲࡋࡓࠋ

㆟ሙࠋࡲࢃࡾࢆᅖࡴ࢞ࣛࢫᙇࡾࡢ㒊ᒇࡣ㏻ヂࣈ࣮ࢫ


154



ࣃࣜ
ዟ⏣ ㎮ဢ
୕ዲ ᗣ௓
 ࣈࣜࣗࢵࢭࣝ࠿ࡽ㧗㏿㕲㐨ࢱࣜࢫࡢ⣚࠸㌴య࡟ᦂࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ 1 ᫬㛫༙ࠋࡑࢀࡲ࡛࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ᐙࡢ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㢼ᬒࡢ୰࡟ḟ➨࡟ᐙࡀࡱࡘࡱࡘ࡜ぢ࠼ጞࡵࡓ࠿
࡜ᛮ࠺࡜ࠊ㌴యࡣ࠶ࡗ࡜࠸࠺㛫࡟ࣃࣜ࡟྾࠸㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ

ࢱࣜࢫࡢ฿╔

 ࣃࣜ࡟ࡣᩘከࡃࡢぢ࡝ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࢚ࢵࣇ࢙ࣝሪࠊถ᪕㛛ࠊ࣮ࣝࣈࣝ
⨾⾡㤋࡞࡝࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ᪋タࢆලయⓗ࡟⤂௓ࡍࡿ๓࡟ࠊࡲࡎࡣࣃࣜࡢ⾤ࢆ✵࠿ࡽぢୗࢁࡋ࡚ぢࡿ࡜ࠊ࡝࠺࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ ࣃࣜࡢ⾤ࡣࡑࡢ┿ࢇ୰ࢆࢭ࣮ࢾᕝࡀᶓษࡾࠊࢭ࣮ࢾᕝࡢ୰ᕞ࡟ࡣࢩࢸᓥࠊ
ࢧࣥ㸻ࣝ࢖ᓥࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࢩࢸᓥࢆ࡯ࡰ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ᫬ィᅇࡾ࡟ 1 ༊
࠿ࡽ 20 ༊ࡲ࡛༊ࡀ๭ࡾ᣺ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ⾤୪ࡳࡣࢼ࣏ࣞ࢜ࣥ୕ୡࡢ἞ୡ
ୗ࡟ࢭ࣮ࢾ┴▱஦ࡔࡗࡓࢪࣙࣝࢪࣗ㸻࢘ࢪ࢙࣮ࢾ࣭࢜ࢫ࣐ࣥ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᩚഛࡉ





155

ࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⨾ࡋ࠸⾤୪ࡳࡣ௒࡞࠾ࣃࣜࡢ㝶ᡤ࡛┠࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋถ᪕㛛 ถ᪕㛛ࡣࠊࣃࣜࡢ⾤୪ࡳࢆ୍␒ᴦࡋࡵࡿሙᡤࡢ୍ࡘ࡛ࡋࡓࠋถ᪕㛛ࡣୗ࠿ࡽ═ࡵࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᒇୖ࡟Ⓩࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ26 ᪥ࡢኪࠊถ᪕㛛ࡢᒇୖ
࡟Ⓩࡿ࡜ࠊࣃࣜᕷෆ࡟ගࡢᕝࡢࡼ࠺࡟ఙࡧࡿ 12 ᮏࡢ኱㏻ࡾࢆぢΏࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛
ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ࢖࢚ࢼ㏻ࡾࡢ᪉ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊࢭ࣮ࢾᕝࡢඛ࡟࢜ࣞࣥࢪⰍ࡟ࣛ࢖
ࢺ࢔ࢵࣉࡉࢀࡓ࢚ࢵࣇ࢙ࣝሪࡀᇽࠎ࡜ᘓࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢගᬒࡣᅽᕳ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ
࢚ࢵࣇ࢙ࣝሪࡢ࿘ࡾࡣᘓ≀ࡢ㧗ࡉࡀᆒ୍࡟ᥞ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࢜ࢫ࣐ࣥ࡟ࡼࡿ
㒔ᕷᨵ㐀ࡢྡṧࢆᐇឤࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋᩥ໬ⓗ࡞⾤୪ࡳࡢ୰࡟ࠊ㌴ࡢ
ගࡀὶࢀ࡚⾜ࡃࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩥ໬࡜ᩥ᫂ࡀୖᡭࡃㄪ࿴ࡋࡓࣃࣜࡣࠊ൅ࡀ᪥ᮏ
࡟࠸ࡿ㡭࡟᝿ീࡋࡓࣃࣜࡼࡾ㐶࠿࡟⨾ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ
࣮ࣝࣈࣝ⨾⾡㤋 ࣃࣜࡣࡑࡢᬒほࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊⱁ⾡࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶୡ⏺ⓗ࡟᭷ྡ࡛ࡍࠋ࣑࣊ࣥࢢ
࢙࢘࢖ࡸࣆ࢝ࢯ࡜࠸ࡗࡓṔྐⓗ࡟᭷ྡ࡞ⱁ⾡ᐙࢆᩘከࡃཷࡅධࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡓࡵ
࡟ࠊࠕⱁ⾡ࡢ㒔ࠖ࡜ࡶホࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ
ⱁ⾡ࡢ㒔࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࣃࣜ࡟᭱ࡶゐࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡢࡣࠊ࣮ࣝࣈࣝ⨾⾡㤋࡛ࡍࠋྂ௦࠿ࡽ୰ୡࡲ࡛ࡢ⤮⏬
ࡸṔྐⓗ࡞㑇⏘ࡀᩘከࡃᒎ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ≉࡟൅ࡢ┠ࢆᘬ࠸ࡓస
ရࡣࠊ⏬ᐙࢪࣕࢵࢡ㸻ࣝ࢖࣭ࢲࣦ࢕
ࢵࢻࡢᡭ࡟ࡼࡿࠕࢼ࣏ࣞ࢜ࣥࡢᡝෙ
ᘧ࡛ࠖࡍࠋ௒ࡲ࡛࡟ࡶᩍ⛉᭩࡛┠࡟ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊᐇ㝿࡟ぢ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ண᝿௨ୖ࡟኱ࡁࡃࠊከᩘࡢ
ே≀ࡀ᭩ࡁ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟Ẽࡀࡘࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ㏕ຊࡸ෶ࡳ࠿ࡽࠊ
ᙜ᫬ࡢࢼ࣏ࣞ࢜ࣥࡀ࡝ࢀ࡯࡝ᙉ኱
࡞ຊࢆᡭ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࠿ࢆ⏕ࡁ⏕ࡁ࡜ឤࡌྲྀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊᙉࡃグ᠈࣑ࣟࡢࣦ࢕࣮ࢼࢫ

156



࡟ṧࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ௚࡟ࡶ⭾኱࡞ᩘࡢసရࡀᒎ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊṔྐⓗ⫼ᬒ࡝ࡇࢁ࠿ࡑࡶࡑࡶᏑᅾࡍࡽࡶ▱ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡞⤮࡟ᩘከࡃฟ఍࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ௒ᅇࡣ
ࡑࢀ࡯࡝⯆࿡ࢆច࠿ࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ⤮⏬࠿ࡽࡶࠊᩘᖺᚋ࡟ࡩࡓࡓࡧゼࢀࡓ᫬࡟ࡣࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸▱ぢࢆᚓࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࡶ▱ࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ᮶ࡿࡓࡧ࡟᪂㩭࡞Ⓨぢࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡢ
⨾⾡㤋ࡣࠊⱁ⾡㠃࡛ࡢࣃࣜࡢ㨩ຊࢆ▱ࡿ࠸࠸ሙᡤ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ
ࡇࡇ࠿ࡽࡣࣃࣜṔ 3 ᖺࡢ୕ዲࡀࠊ⁫ᅾࡢ୰࡛༳㇟࡟ṧࡗࡓሙᡤ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⥛ࡾࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ࢩࣕࣥࢮࣜࢮ㏻ࡾ ⚾࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࢩࣕࣥࢮࣜࢮ㏻ࡾࡣࠊ∗ぶࡀ᫇ാ࠸࡚࠸ࡓ఍♫ࡢࣃࣜᨭᒁࡀ࠶
ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ኱ኚ㥆ᰁࡳ῝࠸ሙᡤ࡛ࡍࠋᨭᒁࡢ๓࡟⚾ࡢ኱ዲࡁ࡞ࣁ࣮ࢤࣥࢲࢵ
ࢶࡢᗑ⯒ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡔࡅࡣグ᠈࡟ṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽࡶ࠺ࡑ
ࡇ࡟࠿ࡘ࡚ࡢጼࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋᙜ᫬ࡲࡔ㉥ࢇᆓࡔࡗࡓ⮬ศࡀࠊ23 ṓࡢ௒ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࣃࣜࡢ⾤ࢆṌ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺࡜ࠊ15 ᖺ࡜࠸࠺᫬ࡢ㔜ࡳࡀឤࡌࡽࢀࠊ
ఱ࠿ᑡࡋឤ៓῝࠸ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡇࡲ࡛⮬ศࢆ㎞ᢪᙉࡃ⫱࡚࡚ࡃࢀࡓ୧ぶ࡬ࡢឤㅰࡢᛮ࠸ࢆឤࡌࡎ࡟ࡣ࠸ࡽࢀࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ
࣐ࣔࣥࣝࢺࣝࡢୣ ᗂᑡᮇࡢ⚾ࡀ࣐ࣔࣥࣝࢺࣝࡢୣࢆ㡾ࡿዲࢇ࡛࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠺ヰࢆẕ࠿ࡽ⪺࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋᐇ㝿࡟ゼࢀࡿ࡜ࠊ࣐ࣔࣥࣝࢺࣝࡢୣ࡜࠸࠺ྡࡀ♧ࡍ㏻ࡾᛴ໙㓄࡛ࠊṌࡃࡢ࡟ࡣ୍ⱞປ࡛ࡋࡓࠋୣࡢୖࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚Ṍ࠸࡚⾜ࡃ࡜ࠊ᭱ᚋ࡟ࢧࢡࣞࢡ
࣮ࣝᑎ㝔࡟฿╔ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࢧࢡࣞࢡ࣮ࣝᑎ㝔ࡣࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒ࡛ࠕ⪷࡞ࡿᚰ⮚㸦࢖࢚ࢫ࣭࢟ࣜࢫࢺࡢᚚᚰ㸧ࠖࢆព࿡ࡋࠊࣃࣜࡢ୰࡛ࡶࡦ࡜ࡁࢃ┠ࢆᘬࡃⓑளࡢࢻ࣮࣒࡜ࡋ࡚᭷ྡ࡛ࡍࠋ⣧ⓑ࡟ᙬࡽࢀࡓጾཝ࠶ࡿ⪷ᇽࢆ๓࡟ࠊ࣓ࣥࣂ୍࣮ྠࠊ
ᚰࢆΎࡵࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ࣐ࣔࣥࣝࢺࣝࡢୣࡣࠊ௒ᅇゼࢀࡓ⾤ࡢ୰࡛ࡶ᭱ࡶࣃࣜ
ࡽࡋ࠸⏫୪ࡳ࡛ࠊࡲࡉ࡟➼㌟኱ࡢࣃࣜࢆឤࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࠊಶேⓗ࡟࢜ࢫࢫ࣓ࡢሙᡤ࡛ࡍࠋ
࢚ࢵࣇ࢙ࣝሪ ᭱ᚋ࡟ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓ࠸ࡢࡀ࢚ࢵࣇ࢙ࣝሪ࡛ࡍࠋኪࡢ࢚ࢵࣇ࢙ࣝሪࡣࣛ࢖ࢺ࢔
ࢵࣉࡀ⥡㯇࡛ࠊᛮࢃࡎ┠ࢆぢ㛤࠸࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡯࡝࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡏࡗ࠿ࡃ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊ࢚





157

࣮ࣞ࣋ࢱ࣮࡟஌ࡗ࡚㡬ୖ࡬Ⓩࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࡇ࡟ࡣ 100 ୓ࢻࣝ࡞ࡽࡠ 100 ୓࣮ࣘࣟࡢ⨾ࡋ࠸ኪᬒࡀᗈࡀࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡀࣇࣛࣥࢫே࡞ࡽࡇࡇ࡛ᙼዪ࡟࿌ⓑࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡞࡜ᛮ࠸࡞ࡀࡽኪᬒࢆぢࡘࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋᖐࡾࡣࠊ཭㐩࡜࢚ࢵࣇ࢙ࣝሪ
ࡢ㝵ẁࢆ㥑ࡅୗࡾࠊ᮰ࡢ㛫ࡢ㟷᫓ࢆㅻḷࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ᮶ᖺ࠿ࡽ♫఍ே࡟࡞ࡿ⚾ࡶࠊ❺ᚰࢆᛀࢀࡎ࡟⢭㐍ࡋࠊ࢚ࢵࣇ࢙ࣝሪࡢࡼ࠺࡟᫂ࡿࡃ࿘ࡾࢆ↷ࡽࡍᏑᅾ࡛࠶ࡾࡓ࠸࡜ᛮࡗࡓḟ➨࡛ࡍࠋኪ✵࡟ࡑࡧ࠼ࡿ࢚ࢵࣇ࢙ࣝሪ


158



⤒῭༠ຊ㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ኱ෆ 㞞ஓᏊ

 5 ᪥┠ࠊ㧗㏿㕲㐨ࢱࣜࢫ࡛ࣈࣜࣗࢵࢭࣝ࠿ࡽࣃࣜ࡟⛣ືࡋࠊࡲࡎゼၥࡋࡓࡢࡀࠊࣃࣜᕷෆ࠿ࡽ 30 ศ࡯࡝ࡢࣈ࣮ࣟࢽࣗ㸻ࣅࣖࣥࢡ࣮ࣝ࡟࠶ࡿࠊ⤒῭༠ຊ㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ㸦௨ୗ OECD㸧ࡢᩍ⫱࣭ࢫ࢟ࣝᒁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮ࡢⲮཝ࡞㞺ᅖẼ࡜ࡣࡲࡓ୍࿡㐪࠺⳹ࡸ࠿࡞ࣃࣜࡢ⾤୪ࡳࢆࣂࢫ࡛ᢤࡅࡿ࡜ࠊ⾤࡟࡞ࡌࡳ࡞ࡀࡽ
ࡶࡦ࡜ࡁࢃ┠ࢆᘬࡃ᪋タࡀぢ࠼ࡓࠋ ࣔࢲࣥ࡞ᘓ≀ࡢ࢚ࣥࢺࣛࣥࢫ࡛㏄࠼࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊᩍ⫱࣭ࢫ࢟ࣝᒁ࡟
໅ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠊὸཎᐶᏊࡉࢇࠋ࣑࣮ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ࣮࣒ࣝࡲ࡛ࡢ㐨ࡢࡾ࡛ἑᒣࡢ
⫋ဨࡢ᪉࡜ᣵᣜࢆ஺ࢃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᵝᏊ࠿ࡽࡣࠊࡣࡘࡽࡘ࡜ࡋࡓ࠾ே᯶࡛࠶ࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࠊࡲࡓྠ൉࠿ࡽཌ࠸ಙ㢗ࢆᐤࡏࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀఛࢃࢀࡓࠋ ࣑࣮ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ࣮࣒ࣝ࡟㏻ࡉࢀࠊOECD ࡜ᩍ⫱࣭ࢫ࢟ࣝᒁࡢᴫせࠊࡲࡓ⌧ᅾࡢ࠾௙஦ࡢලయⓗ࡞ෆᐜ࡜࠸࠺ࡩࡓࡘࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ࠾ヰࢆఛࡗࡓࠋ
 OECD ࡣୡ⏺ࡢඛ㐍ᅜ㛫ࡢ⮬⏤࡞ពぢ஺᥮࡜᝟ሗ஺᥮ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࠊ㈠᫆⮬⏤໬ࠊ㏵ୖᅜᨭ᥼࡟㈉⊩ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㈠᫆ࠊ
⛉Ꮫࠊ㔠⼥ࠊ⎔ቃၥ㢟ࠊ೺ᗣ࡞࡝ࡢ࠶ࡽࡺࡿഃ㠃࠿ࡽ⤒῭㛤Ⓨ࡟࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ
ࠕୡ⏺᭱኱ࡢࢩࣥࢡࢱࣥࢡࠖ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࠋᩍ⫱࣭ࢫ࢟ࣝᒁ࡛ࡣࠊ
ᩍ⫱࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⤫ィࢆࡶ࡜࡟ྛᅜࡢᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ẚ㍑ࡋࠊࡇࢀࢆᥦゝ࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ୺࡞ᴗົ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᩍ⫱࣭ࢫ࢟ࣝᒁࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡜ࡋ
࡚ࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊࠕOECD ⏕ᚐࡢᏛຊ฿㐩ᗘㄪᰝࠖ㸦Programme forInternational Student Assessment: PISA㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊྛᅜࡢ⏕ᚐᏛຊࣛࣥ࢟ࣥࢢࡣ
ࡇࡢ PISA ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚సᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ὸཎࡉࢇࡢᑓ㛛ࡣ⮬἞య༢఩ࡢᩍ⫱ไᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡢࡇ࡜ࡔࡗࡓࠋᅜ࡛ࡣ࡞
ࡃ⮬἞యࡀᩍ⫱ࡢ୍㒊ࢆ⟶㎄ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ᪥ᮏ≉᭷࡛ࠊ௚ᅜࢫࢱࢵࣇ࡟ࡣ
࡞ࡌࡳࡀ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓ᪥ᮏᨻᗓ࠿ࡽࡢሗ࿌᭩࠿ࡽࡣᾋ࠿ࡧୖࡀࡗ࡚
ࡇ࡞࠸஦ᐇࡶከ࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊὸཎࡉࢇࡣ௚ᅜࢫࢱࢵࣇ࠿ࡽࡢ᪥ᮏᩍ⫱ไᗘ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㉁ၥ࡟ᛂࡌࡓࡾࠊᅜ࡛࡞ࡃ⮬἞యࡀồࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡞ሗ࿌᭩ࡢసᡂ࡟㛵ࢃࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶከ࠸ࡑ࠺ࡔࠋ ὸཎࡉࢇࡣ 1 ᖺ๓࡟ OECD ࡟ὴ㐵ࡉࢀࡿࡲ࡛ࡣᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ᮏ┬࡟㛗ࡃ໅ࡵ





159

࡚࠸ࡽࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤒㦂ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏᅜෆ࡛ാࡃࡇ࡜࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᅜ
㝿ᶵ㛵࡛ാࡃࡇ࡜ࡢ≉␗ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡓࠋὸཎࡉࢇ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊOECD⫋ဨࡢ኱༙ࡣ༤ኈㄢ⛬ࢆ༞ᴗࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᑓ㛛ᛶࡢ㧗࠸ேᮦࡀ㞟ࡲࡿࡓࡵࠊ⮬ศࡢᑓ㛛ศ㔝ࢆࡶࡗ࡚᭱኱㝈ࡢຊࢆⓎ᥹ࡋࠊࢳ࣮࣒࡟㈉⊩ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࡢ㈉⊩ࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟࢔ࣆ࣮ࣝࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ≉࡟㔜せ࡜ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ௚᪉࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞➇த࡜୪⾜ࡋ࡚ࠊே㛫ຊࡶᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋOECD ⫋ဨࡣࠊฟ㌟ᆅࡀከᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ௬࡟ྠࡌᆅᇦࡢ
ฟ㌟࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ࢚ࢫࢽࢩࢸ࢕ࡸ⫱ࡗࡓᩥ໬ࡀ㐪࠺ࠋඹ㏻Ⅼࡀᑡ࡞࠸⪅ྠኈࡀྠࡌࢦ࣮ࣝࢆ㏣࠺ࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ௚ேࡢヰ࡟⪥ࢆഴࡅࡿຊ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡸࡾࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡛ࠊ㧗࠸ᆅ఩࡟࠶ࡿே࡯࡝ே᱁ⓗ࡟ᡂ⇍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ࡀከ࠸࡜࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗ࡚
࠸ࡓࠋ
 OECD ࡜࠸࠺࡞࠿࡞࠿ゼࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵࡛Ꮫࡪࡇ࡜ࡣ࡜࡚ࡶ
ከ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ࠾ᛁࡋ࠸࡞࠿࠾᫬㛫ࢆ๭࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓὸཎᐶᏊࡉࢇ࡟ࡣࠊࡇࡢ
ሙࢆ࠾೉ࡾࡋ࡚῝ࡃᚚ♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ

ὸཎࡉࢇ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟


160



ᅜ㝿஺ὶᇶ㔠࣭ࣃࣜ᪥ᮏᩥ໬఍㤋

┦ᕝ ඖᏹ



ࢭ࣮ࢾᕝ࡟⮫ࡴࣃࣜ᪥ᮏᩥ໬఍㤋௒ᅇࡢ◊ಟ࡛ࡣࠊࣃ࡛ࣜά㌍ࡍࡿ⚾ࡓࡕࡢඛ㍮ 2 ே࡟࠾ヰࢆఛ࠺ᶵ఍ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ୍ே┠ࡣ⤒῭Ꮫ㒊༞ᴗࡢᑠᓥ⍞ᕼࡉࢇ࡛ࡍࠋᑠᓥࡉࢇࡣᅜ㝿஺ὶᇶ㔠࡜࠸࠺እົ┬࠿ࡽ⊂❧ࡋࡓᶵ㛵࡟ධࡽࢀࠊ⌧ᅾࡣࡑࡢࣃࣜᨭ㒊ࡀ⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࣃ
ࣜ᪥ᮏᩥ໬఍㤋࡟໅ࡵ࡚࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏᩥ໬఍㤋ࡢ⫋ဨࡢ᪉ࠎࡣᐁ
Ẹ୧᪉࠿ࡽὴ㐵ࡉࢀࡓ᪉࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࢺࣚࢱ⮬ື㌴࡛ᾏእႠᴗࢆ࡞ࡉ
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ᪉ࡸࠊ኱౑࡜ࡋ࡚኱౑㤋࡟໅ົࡋ࡚࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓ᪉࡞࡝⤒Ṕࡣ
ᵝࠎ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ᪥ᮏᩥ໬఍㤋ࡣࣃ࡛ࣜ᪥ᮏᩥ໬ࢆᕷẸࡢ᪉ࠎ࡟ᗈࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ20 ே࠿ࡽ 30ே⛬ᗘࡢつᶍ࡛࠾Ⲕ఍ࠊᅖ◻ᩍᐊࠊ⏕ࡅⰼ࡞࡝ࡢദࡋࢆᐃᮇⓗ࡟⾜ࡗࡓࡾࠊ





161

ࣘࢽࢡࣟ࡞࡝ࡢ௻ᴗࡸ㡢ᴦᐙࡢᆏᮏ㱟୍ࡉࢇࡢㅮ₇఍ࢆ㛤ദࡋࡓࡾࠊࡲࡓ᪥
ᮏᫎ⏬ࢆୖᫎࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࠊࡑࡢάືࡣከᒱ࡟ࢃࡓࡾࡲࡍࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢദࡋ
≀ࡢࢳࢣࢵࢺࡶ㈍኎㛤ጞ࡜ྠ᫬࡟༶᏶኎ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀከ࠸࡜ࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࣃࣜ࡟
࠾ࡅࡿ᪥ᮏᩥ໬ࡢேẼࡢ㧗ࡉࢆᐇឤࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᅗ᭩㤋ࢆ୍⯡࡟㛤ᨺࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢ᪉ࡀ᪥ᮏࡢ᭩⡠࡟ゐࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡀゼၥࡋࡓ᫬ࡶᐇ㝿࡟࠾Ⲕ఍ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ࡀ㛤ㅮࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢࣇࣛࣥࢫேࡀཧຍࡋ
࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ᪥ᮏᩥ໬఍㤋ࡢ᪥ࠎࡢάື࡜࠸࠺ᆅ㐨࡞ດຊࡢ࠾࠿ࡆ࡛᪥ᮏᩥ
໬ࡀୡ⏺࡟ᗈࡲࡾࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⯆࿡ࢆᣢࡘேࡀቑ࠼ࡿࡢࡔ࡞࡜ᐇឤࡋࡲࡋ
ࡓࠋ࿡ࡢ⣲࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ┦ᕝ ඖᏹ ஧ே┠ࡣ♫఍Ꮫ㒊༞ᴗࡢୗಖᐶࡉࢇ࡛ࡍࠋୗಖࡉࢇࡣ࿡ࡢ⣲࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃᨭ
㒊࡛ M&A㸦௻ᴗࡢྜే࣭㈙཰㸧࡟ᦠࢃࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡊࡗࡃࡤࡽࢇ࡞㞺ᅖẼࡢ࡞࠿ࠊࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢ㈗㔜࡞࠾ヰࢆఛ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡀ≉࡟㠃ⓑ࠸࡜ឤࡌࡓࡢࡣࠊᡂ㛗ᕷሙࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ཧධࡍࡿᅜࡢ⤒῭≧ἣࡢྛẁ㝵࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ࠊ
ᒎ㛤ࡍࡿၟရࢆኚ࠼࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ヰ࡛ࡋࡓࠋᮾ༡࢔ࢪ࢔࡞࡝ࡢⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜ࡛ࡣ࿡ࡢ⣲ࡢ⢊ࢆᒎ㛤ࡍࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊᡂ⇍ࡋࡓ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃᕷሙ࡛ࡣ෭෾㣗ရ࡞࡝ࡢ㧗ᗘຍᕤရࢆᒎ㛤ࡋࡲࡍࠋ࠸ࡘᒎ㛤ࡍࡿၟရࢆษࡾ᭰࠼ࡿ࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࣁ
ࣛࣝ㣗ရࡢ⏕⏘࣮ࣞࣥࢆ࠸ࡘᑟධࡍࡿ࠿࡞࡝ࡢỴᐃࡣࡑࡢᚋࡢၟရࡢᡂ㛗ࢆ኱ࡁࡃᕥྑࡍࡿỴᐃ࡛ࠊุ᩿ࡍࡿࡢࡣ࡜࡚ࡶ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࠋୗಖࡉࢇࡣ୺
࡟㈍㊰ࢆᣑ኱ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟⌧ᆅࡢ఍♫࡜ᥦᦠࢆ⤖ࡪ௙஦ࢆ࡞ࡉࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡘ
࠸ඛ㡭㈙཰ࡋࡓ఍♫࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㈙཰ࡋࡓືᶵࡸࠊ㈙཰ࡢᡂຌࡸኻᩋ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ
࠾ヰࡣ࡜࡚ࡶ᪂㩭࡛㠃ⓑ࠿ࡗࡓ࡛ࡍࠋ


162



 ⚾ࡓࡕ࠿ࡽࡢ㉁ၥ࡟ࡶ୎ᑀ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡲࡋࡓࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ࿡ࡢ⣲ࡀᡂ㛗ᕷሙ࡟఩⨨࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿᕷሙ࡟࡞ࡐ୰ᅜࡀධࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺㉁ၥࡀ࠶
ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋୗಖࡉࢇ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊ࿡ࡢ⣲ࡣࡍ࡛࡟୰ᅜᕷሙ࡟ཧධࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ
ᚲࡎࡋࡶ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࠿࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࡋࡓࠋ᪥ᮏ࡜୰ᅜࡣྠࡌ࢔ࢪ࢔ᅪ࡟
ᡤᒓࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࿡ࡢ⣔⤫ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟ఝ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ࿡ࡢ⣲ࡀ㈍኎ࡍࡿ
ၟရࡣᆅඖࡢ୰ᅜ௻ᴗ࡜ࡢ➇த࡟຾ࡘࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡎࠊࣄࢵࢺၟရࢆฟࡍࡇ࡜
ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ࡢㄝ᫂ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ୰ᅜᕷሙ࡟ࡣḢ⡿௻ᴗࡶཧධࡋࠊ
すὒࡢ㣗ရᢏ⾡ࡣḢ⡿௻ᴗࡢ᪉ࡀ➇தຊࢆഛ࠼࡚࠾ࡾࠊ᪥ᮏ௻ᴗࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸➇தࢆᙉ࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࡋࡓࠋୗಖࡉࢇࡣ⤒Ⴀ⪅࡜࠸࠺❧ሙ࠿ࡽࠊࠕ఍♫඲యࡢ≧ែࢆಠ▔ⓗ࡟ぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ษ࡛ࠊ୍ࡘࡢᕷሙ࡛ኻᩋࡋ࡚ࡶ௚ࡢᕷ
ሙ࡛ᡂຌࡍࢀࡤⰋ࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞⌮ᛕࢆᩍ࠼࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡾࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡶ M&A ࡟ᦠࢃࡿ㨩ຊࢆ▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ

࿡ࡢ⣲࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃᨭ♫ࠊୗಖࡉࢇ࡟Ꮫࡪࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࣅࢪࢿࢫ





163

ࣃࣜዴỈ఍ⴗ㔝 㞞ᙪ

 1 ᭶ 24 ᪥ኪࠊࣃࣜዴỈ఍୺ദࡢḼ㏄఍ࡀ㛤࠿ࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࣃ࡛ࣜാࡃ OB ࡸ
OG ࡢ᪉ࠎࡀ㞟ࡲࡾࠊ◊ಟ࡟ཧຍࡋࡓᡃࠎᏛ⏕ࡶฟᖍࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ
఍ሙࡢࣃࣜ 6 ༊࡟࠶ࡿࣅࢫࢺࣟࡢ࣭ࣝࣝࢯ࣮࡟╔ࡃ࡜ࠊࡍ࡛࡟ఱே࠿ࡢ♫఍ேࡢ᪉ࠎࡀ࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᡃࠎࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢཧຍᏛ⏕ࡣᑡࡋ⥭ᙇࡋࡓ㠃ᣢࡕ࡛ᖍ࡟ࡘࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ ዴỈ఍ࣃࣜᨭ㒊ᨭ㒊㛗ࡢୗಖᐶࡉࢇࡢᣵᣜ࠿ࡽጞࡲࡗࡓ௒ᅇࡢḼ㏄఍ࡣࠊ᭱ึࡢ⥭ᙇࡣბࡔࡗࡓ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟┒ࡾୖࡀࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ௒ࡢᅜ❧ࡀ࡝࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊ࠶ࡢ᠜࠿ࡋ࠸࠾ᗑࡣ௒ࡶ࠶ࡿࡢ࠿࡞࡝ࡢࠕ᠜࠿ࡋࢺ࣮ࢡࠖ
ࡣⓙඹ㏻ࡢヰ㢟ࡔࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢ௚࡟ࡶ௙஦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡾࠊࣇࣛ
ࣥࢫ࡛ࡢ⏕ά࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡾࠊヰ㢟ࡣᑾࡁࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࣃࣜ࡟
␃Ꮫࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᮏᏛࡢᏛ⏕ࡶ㢦ࢆฟࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋᙼࡽࡣዴỈ఍࠿ࡽࡢ⿵ຓ
ࡶཷࡅࡘࡘࠊ༙ᖺ㛫ࡶࡋࡃࡣ 1 ᖺ㛫␃Ꮫ࡟᮶࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⌧ᆅ࡛㡹ᙇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ
ᙼࡽ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊஂࠎ࡟᪥ᮏேࡢ཭ே࡟෌఍ࡍࡿᶵ఍࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊඖ
Ẽ࠸ࡗࡥ࠸ࡢᵝᏊ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ࡸࡣࡾዴỈ఍ࡣࣃࣜ࡟࠸࡚ࡶ೺ᅾ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᙉࡃឤࡌࡲࡋࡓࠋᖺ௦ࢆၥࢃࡎ
࿴Ẽ࠶࠸࠶࠸࡜ヰࡋࠊࡲࡓ᝟ሗࢆ஺᥮ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ♫఍ேࡢࡳ࡞ࡉࢇ࠿ࡽࡣࠊྠ
ࡌẕᰯ࡟ 4 ᖺ㛫㏻ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠺஦ᐇࡀࣂࢵࢡ࡟࠶ࡿᙉᅛ࡞ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡀឤࡌ
ࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋᏛ㒊ࡸᖺ௦ࡢ㐪࠸ࢆ㉸࠼࡚ࠊୡ⏺୰࡟ྠ❆ࡢ௰㛫ࡀ࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺
࡜ࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ኱ኚᚰᙉࡃឤࡌࡲࡍࠋ
ࡇࡢ᪥ṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽཧຍ࠸ࡓࡔࡅ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊࡇࡢྠ❆఍ࢆ௻⏬ࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡗࡓዴỈ఍ࣃࣜᨭ㒊ࡢஂఫᾴᏊࡉࢇ࡟ࡣ኱ኚឤㅰ࠸ࡓࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋዴ
Ỉ఍࡜࠸࠺኱ࡁ࡞ྠ❆఍ࡢ࠾࠿ࡆ࡛ࠊ⌧ᆅ࡟⾜ࡗ࡚ࡶ኱Ꮫࡢ㈗㔜࡞ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ
ࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ௒ᚋࡣᡃࠎᏛ⏕୍ྠࠊୡ⏺ࡢ࠶ࡕࡇࡕ࡛ά㌍ࡍࡿ୍
ᶫ኱Ꮫฟ㌟ࡢඛ㍮᪉ࡢ⫼୰ࢆ㏣࠸࠿ࡅ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡑࡢ┳ᯈࢆ㄂ࡽࡋࡃ⫼㈇ࡗ࡚
࠸ࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡟㡹ᙇࡗ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ


164



␗ᅜࡢᆅ࡛ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿዴỈ఍ࣃࣜ➨ 7 ኱Ꮫ㧗ᶫ ᓁᕼ

ࣃࣜ➨ 7 ኱Ꮫ㸦ṇᘧྡ : Université Paris Diderot㸧ࡢᴫせ ࣃࣜ➨ 7 ኱Ꮫࡣࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢ࡞࠿࡛ࡶ᭱ࡶ኱ࡁ࡞⥲ྜ኱Ꮫࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ
ࣃࣜ 13 ༊ࡢࢭ࣮ࢾᕝࡢ㏆ࡃ࡟఩⨨ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᕤ⣔⛉Ꮫࠊ་ᏛࠊṑᏛࠊᩥᏛࠊ
ゝㄒᏛࠊேᩥ⛉Ꮫ࡜࠸ࡗࡓᵝࠎ࡞Ꮫ㒊ࡀᏑᅾࡋࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⛉ࡢᏛ⏕ࡓࡕࡢࢡࣛࢫ࡟ཧຍࡋࡓࠋ஺ὶࡋࡓᏛ⏕ࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡀ୍ᶫഃ࡜ྠࡌᏛ㒊㸰ᖺ⏕ࠊ㸱ᖺ⏕ࡔࡗࡓࠋ





165

ウㄽ఍
 ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ 1 ᭶ 26 ᪥㸦㔠㸧࡟ࣃࣜ➨ 7 ኱Ꮫࢆゼၥࡋࡓࠋ෤ఇࡳ᫂ࡅึࡵ࡚ࡢ
ᤵᴗࡔࡗࡓ࡟ࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟ከࡃࡢᏛ⏕ࡀཧຍࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ
୍ᶫࡢᏛ⏕ 1 ே࡜ࣃࣜ➨ 7 ኱ᏛࡢᏛ⏕ 3ࠊ4 ே࡜࠸࠺ᑡேᩘࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟ศ࠿ࢀ
࡚ࠊⓎ⾲࡜ࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ10 ศ㛫ⱥㄒ୍࡛ᶫ⏕ࡀࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮
ࢩࣙࣥࢆࡋࠊࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠺࡜࠸࠺ࢭࢵࢩࣙ
ࣥࢆィ 2 ᅇ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡈ࡜࡟࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡀኚࢃࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢ
Ꮫ⏕࡜஺ὶࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡓࠋ
 Ⓨ⾲ࢆࡋ࡚ࡳ࡚⚾ࡓࡕࡣࡲࡎఱࡼࡾᏛ⏕ࡓࡕࡢㄒᏛຊࡢ㧗ࡉ࡟ឤᚰࡉࡏࡽ
ࢀࡓࠋᙼࡽࡣⱥㄒࡢⓎ⾲ࢆ⪺࠸࡚ࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒ࡛⌮ゎࡋࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛㉁ၥࢆᢞ
ࡆ࠿ࡅࡿ࡜࠸࠺୍㐃ࡢࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࡀ㏿࠿ࡗࡓࠋ࡞࠿࡟ࡣᐙ࡛ࢻ࢖ࢶㄒ࡞࡝ࡉࡽ
࡟௚ࡢゝㄒࢆヰࡍᏛ⏕ࡶ࠸࡚ࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢከᵝ࡞ࣂࢵࢡࢢࣛ࢘ࣥࢻ࡜ㄒᏛ
࡬ࡢᰂ㌾࡞ጼໃࢆᐇឤࡍࡿⰋ࠸⤒㦂࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋ ࡲࡓࠊࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㉁ၥࡸពぢࡢෆᐜࡶ㈗㔜࡞ࡶࡢࡤ࠿ࡾ
࡛ຮᙉ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࢆࢸ࣮࣐࡟⚾ࡓࡕࡀㄪ࡭ࡓෆᐜ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࢹ࣮
ࢱ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ⌧ᆅࡢᐇ᝟ࡸឤ᝟ࢆ⋡┤࡟ᩍ࠼࡚ࡶࡽ࠼࡚᭷ࡾ㞴࠿ࡗࡓࠋ࣮ࣝ
ࣦ࢙࣭ࣥ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡢウㄽ఍࡜ࡣᙧᘧࡶཧຍ⪅ࡶ␗࡞ࡾࠊᑡேᩘ࡛Ꮫ
ᖺࡢ㏆࠸Ꮫ⏕࡜ᐦ࡟ヰࡋྜ࠼ࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࡲࡓ㐪ࡗࡓⰋࡉࡀឤࡌࡽࢀࡓࠋ
஺ὶ఍ ࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢᚋ࡟ࡣ஺ὶ఍ࡀ㛤ദࡉࢀࠊຮᙉ௨እࡢヰ࡟ࡶⰼࡀဏ࠸
ࡓࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡀᣢࡕᐤࡗࡓ᪥ᮏࡢ㥏ⳫᏊࢆ㣗࡭࡞ࡀࡽࠊ࠾஫࠸ࡢ㊃࿡࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
ㄒࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟඘ᐇࡋࡓ᫬㛫ࢆ㐣ࡈࡏࡓࠋಶேⓗ࡞ឤ᝿࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ
᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⛉ࡢᏛ⏕ࡓࡕࡣࡓࡔ㠃ⓑ࠸ࠊ⌋ࡋ࠸ࠊ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⌮⏤࡛࢔ࢽ࣓ࡸ᪥ᮏ
ᩥᏛࢆ㚷㈹ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗ࡚Ꮀࡋ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ᰿ᗏ࡟࠶ࡿ῝࠸ࢸ࣮࣐ࡸṔྐ࡞࡝ࢆᏛࢇࡔ࠺࠼࡛ዲࡁࡔ࡜ゝࡗ࡚ࡃࢀࡿᵝᏊ࡟ឤືࡍࡿ࡜ྠ
᫬࡟⮬ศࡶぢ⩦࠸ࡓ࠸࡜ᛮࡗࡓࠋ᪥ᮏே࡛ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢ㣗ᩥ໬ࠊࣇ࢓ࢵࢩࣙࣥࠊ
ᫎ⏬ࡀዲࡁ࡞ேࡣከ࠸ࡀࠊ᰿ᮏⓗ࡟ࠕ࠾ࡋࡷࢀࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࣇ࢕ࣝࢱ࣮ࡀ࠿࠿ࡗ
࡚࠸࡚࡝ࡇࡀዲࡁ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊ࡞ࡐඹឤ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࠿ࢆ῝ࡃ⪃࠼ࡿᶵ఍ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࡢ
࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡶࣃࣜ➨ 7 ኱ᏛࡢᏛ⏕ࡓࡕࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ┦ᡭࡢゝㄒ࡜ᩥ໬ࡢ୧᪉࡟㧗࠸Ꮫ⩦ពḧࢆᣢࡕ⥆ࡅ࡚ࠊእᅜࡢேࡓࡕ࡜ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮
ࢩࣙࣥࢆ෇⁥࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡅࡓࡽࡼ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋ


166



ࣃࣜ➨  ኱Ꮫ᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⛉ࡢⓙࡉࢇ࡜ࠊ஫࠸ࡢᅜࡢ࠾ⳫᏊࢆᅖࢇ࡛





167

ࢤࣛࣥࢻ
⠛ཎ ⿱ᬗ

㌴❆࠿ࡽࡢᬒⰍࡀࠊ㈰ࡸ࠿࡞㒔఍ࡢ⾤୪ࡳ࠿ࡽⴠࡕ╔࠸ࡓ⏣⯋㢼ᬒ࡬࡜ኚࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋஂࡋࡪࡾࡢᛌᬕ࡟ᛮࢃࡎ┠ࢆ▂ࡗࡓࠋ⚾㐩ࢆ஌ࡏࡓ TVG ิ㌴ࡣࠊࢤࣛࣥࢻࡢሷ⏣ᆅᖏ࡬࡜ࡑࡢ㌴యࢆ㉮ࡽࡏ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ
⚾ࡣࠊࢤࣛࣥࢻࡢᆅ࡟ಶேⓗ࡞ᛮ࠸ධࢀࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ≀ᚰࡘ࠸ࡓ㡭࠿ࡽࠊẕࡀࢤࣛࣥࢻࡢሷࢆᩱ⌮࡟౑ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ⚾⮬㌟ࡀࢤࣛࣥࢻࡢሷ࡛⫱ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜࠸࠺ᐇឤࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ࣇࣛࣥࢫ໭す㒊ἢᓊࡢࣈࣝࢱ࣮ࢽࣗᆅ᪉࡟࠶ࡿ࣭࣮࣭࢚ࣛ࣎ࣝࢫࢡࣈࣛࢵ
ࢡ࡛㝆㌴ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ㟷ኳୗࠊ࡟ࢃ࠿࡟☾ࡢ㤶ࡀᗈࡀࡗࡓࠋࢤࣛࣥࢻࡣࡶ࠺ࡍࡄ
ࡑࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡑࡢࡲࡲࣂࢫ࡟஌ࡾ㎸ࡳࠊ୍㠃⥳ࡢⲡཎᆅᖏࢆᶓ┠࡟ᦂࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ 15 ศࠋᇛቨ࡟࿘ᅖࢆᅖࡲࢀࡓࢤࣛࣥࢻࡢ⾤࡬࡜฿╔ࡋࡓࠋ10 ࣓࣮ࢺࣝ⛬ࡢ㧗ࡉࡢᇛቨࡀࢤࣛࣥࢻࡢ⾤඲యࢆࡄࡿࡾ࡜୍࿘ᅖࢇ࡛࠸࡚㏕ຊࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
⚾㐩ࡣᇛቨෆࡢ㊃࠶ࡿࢡ࣮ࣞࣉᑓ㛛ᗑ࡟⭜ࢆୗࢁࡋࠊࢤࣛࣥࢻ≉᭷ࡢࢡ࣮ࣞࣉࢆࡘࡲࢇࡔࠋࢩ࣮ࢳ࢟ࣥࡢࡼ࠺࡟࣮࣌ࢫࢺ≧࡟ࡋࡓࢧࣂࡸඡࢆሬࡗ࡚㣗࡭ࡿࢡ࣮ࣞࣉࡀ≉ᚩⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

ࡑࡤ⢊ࡢࢡ࣮ࣞࣉࠊ࢞ࣞࢵࢺ

168



㍍㣗ᒇࢆฟࡓᚋࠊᮏ࿨ࡢሷ⏣ᆅᖏ࡬࡜ྥ࠿ࡗࡓࠋሷ⏣ᆅᖏ࡛ࡣࠊሷ⫋ே⮬ࡽࡀሷࡢఏ⤫ⓗ࡞〇ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚୎ᑀ࡟ᩍᤵࡋ࡚ୗࡉࡗࡓࠋࢤࣛࣥࢻ࡛ࡣࠊ15ୡ⣖࠿ࡽኚࢃࡽࡠఏ⤫ⓗ࡞〇ἲ࡛ሷࡀసࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ〇ሷࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸳ࡘࡢせ⣲ࡀᚲせࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࠋኴ㝧ࠊᾏỈࠊ㢼ࠊሷ⏣ࠊሷ⫋ேࡢ㸳ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ〇ሷࡣ୺࡟᪥↷ࡾࡢⰋ࠸ኟ࡟⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠋ㛗࠸ሷ⏣㊰ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ẁ㝵ⓗ࡟ᾏỈࢆ⵨Ⓨࡉࡏࠊ⣙㸯㐌㛫ࢆ᥃ࡅ࡚㧗⃰ᗘࡢᾏỈ࠿ࡽኳ↛ሷࢆேຊ࡛ᅇ཰ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋᾏỈࢆሷ⏣࡟ᘬࡁධࢀ࡚࠿ࡽሷࢆ᥇ྲྀࡍࡿࡲ࡛ࠊ඲࡚ࡀேࡢᡭ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠋ⬦ࠎ࡜ᘬࡁ⥅ࡀࢀࡿఏ⤫ࡢ㔜ཌࡉ࡜ࠊᶵᲔ࡟㢗ࡽࡠ⫋ேࡢࡇࡔࢃࡾ࡟⬚ࢆᡴࡓࢀࡓࠋࢤࣛࣥࢻሷ⏣ࡢᅵ⏘ᒇ࡛ࠊ⚾ࡣࣇ࣮࣭ࣝࣝࢻ࣭ࢭࣝࢆ㉎ධࡋࡓࠋࣇ࣮࣭ࣝࣝ
ࢻ࣭ࢭࣝࡣ௖ㄒ࡛ࠕሷࡢⰼࠖࢆព࿡ࡋࠊ⃈ࢇࡔ㏱᫂Ⰽ࡛⨾ࡋ࠸ࠋሷ⏣ࡢୖᒙ㒊࠿ࡽࡋ࠿᥇ࢀ࡞࠸ᕼᑡሷ࡛ࠊ⯉ゐࡾࡢ⧄⣽ࡉ࠿ࡽ㧗⣭ࣇࣛࣥࢫᩱ⌮࡟ࡶ౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋẕࡀ࠸ࡘࡶ౑ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࢢ࣭ࣟࢭࣝ࡜࠸࠺⅊Ⰽࡢᬑ㏻ሷ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋ௒ᅇࡣᑡࡋ㧗⣭࡞ࣇ࣮࣭ࣝࣝࢻ࣭ࢭࣝࢆឤㅰࡢⰼ᮰࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ᅵ⏘࡟㏦ࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋሷ⏣ࡢᚋࠊࢧࣥ㸻ࢤࣀࣞᩍ఍࡟ゼࢀࡓࠋᅄ᪉࡟ᵝࠎ࡞ࢫࢸࣥࢻࢢࣛࢫࡀ㣭ࡽࢀࠊࣃ࢖ࣉ࢜ࣝ࢞ࣥࡢᚰᆅࡼ࠸㡢Ⰽࡀ㡪࠸࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡢࡲࡲṌ࠸࡚ࠊ኱すὒࢆ⮫ࡴࣂ㸻ࢩࣗࣝ㸻࣓࣮ࣝᓁ࡟⮳ࡗࡓࠋᒾሙ࡟஌ࡾฟࡋࠊ኱すὒࢆ୍ᮃࡋ
ࡓࠋࡇࡢ኱すὒࡢᾏỈࡀࢤࣛࣥࢻࡢሷࡢ※࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺࡜ឤ៓῝࠿ࡗࡓࠋ ᆅඖࡢࣞࢫࢺ࡛ࣛࣥ᪂㩭࡞㨶௓㢮ࡢࢹ࢕ࢼ࣮ࢆሓ⬟ࡋࡓᚋࠊኪࡣᐟἩඛࡢ㈚ษ࣌ࣥࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ௒ࡲ࡛ࡢ◊ಟࢆ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾࡘࡘ⑂ࢀࡓయࢆఇࡵࡓࠋ࣌ࣥࢩࣙ
ࣥࡣࣔࢹ࣮࣒ࣝࣝࡢࡼ࠺࡞⊂≉࡛ྍឡࡽࡋ࠸௙ᵝ࡛ࠊ࡜࡚ࡶᛌ㐺࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
⚾㐩ࡀゼࢀࡓࢤࣛࣥࢻࡣ෤ࡢఇ㛩ᮇ࡟࠶ࡓࡾࠊ〇ሷࡢᐇ㝿ࢆぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡣฟ
᮶࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊሷ⏣ࡢゎㄝࢆᢸᙜࡋࡓሷ⫋ேࡣሷࢆ᥇ྲྀࡍࡿ㘵ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ჾල
ࡢ౑࠸᪉ࡢࢹࣔࣥࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡸ᫬㛫⤒㐣࡜࡜ࡶ࡟⃰ᗘࡢኚࢃࡿሷ⏣ࡢሷỈࢆヨ㣧ࡉࡏ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ࡞࡝ࡋ࡚ࠊ࡜࡚ࡶᴦࡋ࠸᫬㛫ࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓࠋ᫨㣗ࡢࢡ࣮ࣞࣉࡣᜍࡽࡃࢤࣛࣥࢻࡢሷࡀ᣺ࡾ࠿ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊ⣽ࡸ࠿࡞ሷࡢ
㢼࿡ࡀࡋ࡚⨾࿡ࡋࡃࠊሷࡢ⾤࡞ࡽ࡛ࡣ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࢤࣛࣥࢻࡣࠊሷࡢ᪨࿡࡜ே
ࡢ࠿ࡳ࡟⁄ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ



169

ሷࡢ※ࡢᾏỈࢆ࿡ࢃ࠺ࠋ࢞࢖ࢻࡣ࢔ࣝࣀ࣮࣭࢝ࢪࢲࢽࣘࢫࡉࢇ


170



➨ 5 㒊 ᪑ࢆ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡗ࡚ѸѸѸѸ⪃ᐹᏛࡧ௨ୖ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ࡶࡢࢆᚓࡓ᪑㧗ᶫ ᓁᕼ ௒ᅇࡢ▷ᮇᾏእㄪᰝࡣࠊ1 ᖺ࠿ࡅ࡚ࢮ࣑࡛‽ഛࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ࠺࠼ࠊ⁫ᅾ᪥ᩘࡶ
10 ᪥࡜㛗࠿ࡗࡓࡣࡎ࡞ࡢ࡟ࠊ࠶ࡗ࡜࠸࠺㛫࡟⤊ࢃࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋṇ┤࡜࡚ࡶᐢࡋ࠸࡛ࡍࡀࠊฟⓎ๓࡟ᥖࡆࡓ┠ᶆࢆ஧ࡘ࡜ࡶ㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡓࡢ࡛‶㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡎࠊ⌧ᆅࡢᏛ⏕࡟⮬ᅜࡢ EU ཧຍ࡟㈶ᡂ࠿཯ᑐ࠿࡜࠸࠺ᙼࡽࡢ❧ሙ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡓࡎࡡࠊࡲࡓࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࢆ⪺ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡲࡋࡓࠋ࣮ࣦ࢙࣭ࣝࣥ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ
኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮ே࡜࢖ࢱࣜ࢔ேࡢ⤒῭Ꮫ㒊㝔⏕ࡓࡕ࡜࠾ヰࡋࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ
㈶ᡂࡢពぢࡀከ࠿ࡗࡓ࡛ࡍࠋ࣮ࣦ࢙ࣝࣥ࡜࠸࠺㒔ᕷ⮬యࡀ␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢཷࡅධࢀ
࡟ຊࢆὀ࠸࡛࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊእᅜேࡢཷࡅධࢀ࡟ᐶᐜ࡞ேࡀከ࠸ࡼ࠺࡛ࡋ
ࡓࠋࣃࣜ➨ 7 ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡶ㈶ᡂὴࡀከᩘࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ
ࠕᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚⊂❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸ࠊ⮬ᅜ௨እࡢചୗ࡟ධࡾࡓࡃ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ពぢࢆ⪺ࡁࠊࡲࡓࠕ⛣Ẹࡀᆅඖࡢேࠎࡢ⫋ࢆዣ࠺࡞ࡽ࠶ࡲࡾཷࡅධࢀࡓࡃ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺Ẽᣢࡕࡶ࠶ࡿࡢࡔ࡜
ࡶ⪺ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࢹ࣮ࢱࡔࡅ࡛ࡣศ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡟ఫࡴேࠎࡢᐇ㝿ࡢኌࢆࡁࡅ࡚࡜࡚ࡶࡼ࠿ࡗࡓ࡛ࡍࠋ ஧ࡘ┠ࡢ┠ᶆࡣࢮ࣑ࡢⓙ࡜௰ࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣ᝿ീ௨
ୖ࡟⡆༢࡛ࡋࡓࠋࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢࣜࣁ࣮ࢧ࡛ࣝ┤๓ࡲ࡛࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢫࡋ
࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ࠾஫࠸࡟ඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿⅬࢆᏛ࡭ࡲࡋࡓࡋࠊࡲࡓ㊊ࡾ࡞࠸Ⅼࡣ⿵࠸ྜ࠼ࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋຮᙉ௨እࡢ᫬ࡶࡎࡗ࡜ㄡ࠿ࡋࡽ࡜୍⥴࡟࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ
ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ㊃࿡࠿ࡽࡼࡾ㋃ࡳ㎸ࢇࡔ῝࠸ヰࡲ࡛ࠊⰍࠎ࡞ࡇ࡜ࢆㄒࡾྜ࠺ࡇ࡜
ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡘࡡ࡟Ꮫ⏕࡟ᐤࡾῧࡗ࡚ୗࡉࡗࡓኴ⏣ඛ⏕ࡢᏑᅾࡶ኱ࡁ࠿ࡗ
ࡓ࡛ࡍࠋ኱Ꮫ࡛ᚓࡿ㈈⏘ࡣᮏᙜ࡟ேࡔ࡞࡜ᐇឤࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ௒ᅇࡢ◊ಟࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ฟ఍࠸ࡶࡓࡃࡉࢇ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓฟ఍
࠸࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᭩ࡁṧࡋ࡚࠾ࡇ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡎࠊࣃࣜ➨ 7 ኱Ꮫ࡛ࣇࣛࣥࢫே
ࡢ཭ேࡀఱே࠿࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ㐃⤡ඛࢆ஺᥮ࡋࡓࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ௒ࡶ࣓࣮࡛ࣝ
ࡸࡾྲྀࡾࡀ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡟㛗ᮇ␃Ꮫࡍࡿணᐃ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊᙼࡽ࡟





171

෌ࡧ఍࠸࡟⾜ࡁࠊࡶࡗ࡜௰Ⰻࡃ࡞ࡾࡓ࠸࡛ࡍࠋዴỈ఍ࣃࣜᨭ㒊ࡢ఍ྜ࡛ࡶࠊ
ࡶ࠺୍ᗘ࠾఍࠸ࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠼ࡿ⣲ᩛ࡞ OB ࡸ OG ࡉࢇ࡟ฟ఍࠼ࡲࡋࡓࠋᾏእ࡛
᪥ᮏ௻ᴗࡢࡓࡵ࡟ാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ࠊᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵࡟࠾໅ࡵࡢ᪉ࠊᑵ⫋ᚋ MBA ࢆྲྀࡾ࡟࠸ࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉࡜ᐇ࡟ᵝࠎ࡛ࠊ඲ࡃ㐪࠺࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࡢ࠾ヰࢆ⪺ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊ
࡜࡚ࡶࡓࡵ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋᬑẁࡢ⏕ά࡛ࡣ㒊ά௨እ࡛⦪ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࢆឤࡌࡿ
ᶵ఍ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ࡜࡚ࡶᎰࡋ࠿ࡗࡓ࡛ࡍࠋ ᭱ᚋ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࡇࡢᾏእㄪᰝࢆᨭ࠼࡚ୗࡉࡗࡓⓙࡉࡲ࡟ឤㅰࡢẼᣢࡕࢆఏ࠼ࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋඛ࡟ᣲࡆࡓ᪉ࠎࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊ࣐ࣝࢳ࢙ࣇඛ⏕ࠊᅜ㝿ㄢࡸ HIS ࡢⓙࡉࡲ࡟ࡶ኱ኚ࠾ୡヰ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ◊ಟࡢᶵ఍ࢆ୚
࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡓ୧ぶ࡟ࡶឤㅰࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㈗㔜࡞⤒㦂ࢆࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚ࠊᮏᙜ
࡟࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
࣮ࣦ࢙ࣝࣥࡢࣞࢫࢺࣛࣥࠋ཭ேࡢࣦ࢕ࢵࢶࡉࢇ࡜ࠋ


172





Ḣᕞᾏእ▷ᮇㄪᰝࢆ⤊࠼࡚┦ᕝ ඖᏹ ௒ᅇࡢḢᕞ◊ಟࡢព⩏࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ 2 ࡘ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ1 ࡘ┠ࡣ࣮ࣦ࢙࣭ࣝࣥ
࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ኱Ꮫࡢ኱Ꮫ㝔⏕ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࣃࣜ➨୐኱ᏛࡢᏛ⏕࡜ࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩ
࣭ࣙࣥࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ࠿ࡽᚓࡓ཰✭࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ 2 ࡘ┠ࡣ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡛ά㌍ࡍ
ࡿ᪥ᮏேࡢ᪉ࠎ࡟࠾఍࠸࡛ࡁࡓࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢭࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣⓎ⾲⪅ࡢྛࠎࡀ⦎⩦ࡋࡓᡂᯝࢆⓎ᥹࡛ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋᮏ␒๓᪥ࡢ༗๓୰ࡶࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࢳ࣮࣒࡟ศ࠿
ࢀ࡚ࣜࣁ࣮ࢧࣝࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ஫࠸࡟ࡑࡢฟ᮶ᰤ࠼ࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ┠⥺ࡀ⫈⾗ࢆᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࠊㄝ᫂ࡀ᪩ࡍࡂ࡞࠸࠿ࠊࢫࢡ࣮ࣜࣥୖࡢὀ┠ࡋ࡚ḧࡋ࠸࣏࢖ࣥ
ࢺ࡟⪺ࡁᡭࡢព㆑ࢆㄏᑟ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡞࡝ࠊ᭱ᚋࡢワࡵࢆ୍ࡘ୍ࡘ୎ᑀ࡟ᣦ
᦬ࡋ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟୍ࡘࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ࡯ࡰ᏶⎍࡟௙ୖࡆࡿ⤒㦂࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ௒ᚋࡢ⣊࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊEU ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥ
ࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊᐇ㝿࡟⌧ᆅࡢពぢࢆ⪺ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ㈗㔜ࡔࡗࡓࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊBrexit ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣࠊ࣮ࣦ࢙ࣝࣥ኱Ꮫࡢࢹ࢕
ࣝࢡ࣭ࢳࣕࣝࢽࢶ࢟ᩍᤵ࠿ࡽࠕ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡀࡑࡶࡑࡶ࡞ࡐ EU ࡟ຍ┕ࡋࡓࡢ࠿ࢆ
▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࠖ࡜࠸࠺㉁ၥࡀᥦ㉳ࡉࢀࠊࡑࡇ࠿ࡽ Brexit ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ῝࠸㆟ㄽ࡟
Ⓨᒎࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡢⓎ⾲ࡢヰ࡟ࡓ࠸ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊྠᩍᤵ࠿ࡽࠕ࡞ࡐ⮬ᅜࡢ㎰ᴗࢆಖㆤࡍࡿᶒ㝈ࡀ EU ࡛ࡣไ㝈ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࠖ࡜࠸࠺㉁ၥࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊࡑࡇ࠿ࡽᖹ
➼࡞➇தࢆ㔜ࢇࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ EU ࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࢆᩍ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࠋ௚࡟ࡶἑᒣࡢ▱ⓗዲወᚰࡀࡑࡑࡽࢀࡿሙ㠃ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㧗࠸࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ㆟ㄽࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡇ
࡜ࡣ⣧⢋࡟Ꮀࡋ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ ௚᪉࡛ࠊ◊ಟࡀ⚾ࡓࡕᏛ㒊⏕ࡢᑗ᮶ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿⰋ࠸ᶵ఍࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ஦ᐇ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௒ᅇࡣ OECDࠊᅜ㝿஺ὶᇶ㔠ࠊ࿡ࡢ⣲ࡢ᪉࠿ࡽࡑࢀࡒࢀ࠾ヰࢆ⪺ࡃᶵ఍ࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊୡ⏺࡛ാࡃ᪥ᮏேࡢ⏕ࡢኌࢆ⪺ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋOECD ࡛ࡣᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬࠿ࡽฟྥࡋ࡚࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷࡗ࡚࠸ࡿὸཎᐶᏊࡉࢇ࠿ࡽ࠾ヰࢆఛࡗࡓࠋ
ࡈ⤒Ṕ࡜௙஦ෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠾ヰ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓᚋࠊ㉁ၥ᫬㛫ࢆࡓࡗ࡫ࡾ࡜ࡗ࡚࠸
ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࠋዪᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚ୡ⏺࡛࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࢆᴟࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㉁ၥࡀ㞟୰ࡋࡓࠋ





173

࠾ヰ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊOECD ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵࡛ࡣ᝿ീ௨ୖ࡟ዪᛶࡢ๭ྜࡣ㧗ࡃࠊฟ⏘࣭Ꮚ⫱࡚࡜࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࢆ୧❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ࡀ࡜࡚ࡶከ࠸ࡑ࠺ࡔࠋOECD ࡟ 3 ே࠸ࡿ᪥ᮏேࢫࢱࢵࣇࡢ᪉ࡶ඲ဨዪᛶ࡜ࡢࡇ࡜ࡔࡗࡓࠋᾏእ໅ົࡢ᪥ᮏேࡢ⏕ࡢ࠾ヰࢆ⪺࠸࡚ࠊᚎࠎ࡟࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠕാࡃዪᛶࠖࡢጼࡀᐇ⌧ࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ
࡞࡜ឤࡌࡓࠋ ࡶࡕࢁࢇࡇࢀ௨እ࡟ࡶࠊGLP ࡢ௰㛫࡜஺཭㛵ಀࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࠊ
࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢ㧗㏿㕲㐨࡟஌ࢀࡓࡇ࡜࡞࡝ࠊ᭩࠸࡚ࡶ᭩ࡁࡁࢀ࡞࠸࡯࡝ࡢ཰✭ࡸᛮ࠸ฟࠊ⤒㦂ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⣲ᬕࡽࡋ࠸◊ಟ࡟ཧຍ࡛ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ
㠀ᖖ࡟Ꮀࡋࡃᛮ࠺ࠋ
ࣂ㸻ࢩࣗࣝ㸻࣓࣮ࣝᓁࠋ኱すὒࢆ⫼࡟


174





◊ಟ࡛ࡢᡂᯝ᳃ 㤶⳯Ꮚ⚾ࡣࡇࡢ 10 ᪥㛫ࡢࣇࣛࣥࢫ࣭࣋ࣝࢠ࣮ࡢ▷ᮇᾏእ◊ಟ࡛஧ࡘࡢ஦ࢆ┠ᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ➨୍࡟ࠊࢮ࣑࡛ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ‽ഛࢆࡋࡗ࠿ࡾ࡜⾜࠸ࠊ⌧ᆅ࡛Ⓨ⾲ࢆᡂຌࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡋࡓࠋ➨஧࡟ࡣࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡜࣋ࣝࢠ࣮ࢆゼࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢᩥ໬ࢆ⫙࡛ឤࡌࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᅜࡢⰋࡉࢆᐇឤࡍࡿࡇ࡜
࡛ࡋࡓࠋ➨୍ࡢ┠ᶆ࠿ࡽ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ‽ഛࡢ㝿࡟Ẽࢆࡘࡅࡓࡢࡣࠊ⡆₩࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡜ㄽ⌮ⓗ࡟ෆᐜࢆワࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᚲせ࡞ᩥ⊩ࡸ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࡛ࡢࣜࢧ࣮ࢳࢆ୎ᑀ࡟⾜࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ᐇ㝿ࡢⓎ⾲ࡢ㝿࡟ࡣࡑࡢⅬࡀୖᡭࡃⓎ᥹ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㛫ࢆ኱஦࡟ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ
ࡑࡋ࡚ᇽࠎ࡜⮬ಙࢆᣢࡗ࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᚰࡀࡅࡲࡋࡓࠋ⮬ศࡀண᝿ࡋ࡚࠸
ࡓࡢ࡜ࡣ཯ᑐ࡟ࠊ2 ᅇࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ࠶ࡲࡾ⥭ᙇࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃ஌ࡾษ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ࣮ࣦ࢙࣭ࣝࣥ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣࠊ㉁ၥ࡟ⓗ☜࡟⟅࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢࡀࡸࡸᚰṧࡾ࡛ࡋࡓࡀࠊᩍᤵࡸ㝔⏕ࡀ㢔ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ⪺࠸࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡗࡓࡢࡣᎰࡋ࠿ࡗࡓࡋࠊⓎ⾲ࡀ⤊ࢃࡗࡓ┤ᚋ࡟‶㊊ឤࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡢ
࡛⮬ศ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣୖᡭࡃ࡛ࡁࡓ࡜ឤࡌࡲࡋࡓࠋࣃࣜ➨㸵኱Ꮫ࡛ࡢⓎ⾲࠿ࡽᚓࡓ⌧ᆅࡢᏛ⏕࠿ࡽࡢ཯ᛂࡣࠊ୍ゝ࡛࠸࠺࡜኱ኚዲពⓗ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ⚾⮬㌟࡜┦ᡭࡢᏛ⏕ࡓࡕ࡜ࡢ㊥㞳ࡀ㏆࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾᏛ⏕ࡓࡕࡣࠊ㌟ࢆ஌ࡾฟࡋ࡚⪺࠸࡚ࡃࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊཎ✏࠿ࡽ┠ࢆ㞳ࡋ࡚ෆᐜ࡟㞟୰ࡋ࡚ศ࠿ࡾࡸࡍࡃⓎ⾲ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ┦ᡭࡢᏛ⏕ࡉࢇࡓࡕ࠿ࡽ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ᵝࠎ࡞㉁ၥࡀᢞࡆ࠿ࡅࡽࢀࠊᘓタⓗពぢ஺᥮ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ⚾ࡢഃ࠿ࡽࡶ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢ EU ⬺㏥࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
⌧ᆅࡢࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢᏛ⏕ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫ EU 㞳⬺ࡢྍ⬟ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᙼࡽࡢពぢࢆ⪺ࡃࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡓࡇ࡜࡟‶㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ⬺㏥࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ␃Ꮫࡸ໅ປࡢ㠃࡛୙౽࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ⅬࡸࠊEU ࡀ኱ᅜࢆ㸯ࡘኻ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ඲య࡟࡜ࡗ࡚୙฼┈࡜
࠸࠺Ⅼ࡞࡝ࠊᝒほⓗពぢࢆከࡃ⪺ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ
➨஧࡟ࠊᩥ໬ⓗ࡞㠃࡛ࡶ▱ぢࡀᗈࡀࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ⮬⏤᫬㛫ࡢほග࡛ࡣ⮬ศࡓࡕ࡛ࣉࣛࣥࢆ❧࡚࡚⛣ືࡋࠊࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢྡᡤࢆᅇࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋⱥㄒ࡜ࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒ
ࡀඹᏑࡍࡿ⏫ࡢᶆ㆑ࠊࢦࢩࢵࢡᵝᘧࡢᘓ≀ࠊᆅୗ㕲ࡢ౑࠸᪉࡞࡝ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜ࡢ
㐪࠸ࢆ⫙࡛ឤࡌࡲࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜ࡢẚ㍑ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ௒ᅇゼࢀࡓ㸲㒔ᕷ㸦࣮ࣦ࢙ࣝࣥࠊࣈࣜࣗࢵࢭࣝࠊࣃࣜࠊࢤࣛࣥࢻ㸧ࡢ⏫ࡢ㞺ᅖẼ࣭ゝㄒ࣭ఏ⤫ᩥ໬ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ⯆࿡῝࠿ࡗࡓ࡛ࡍࠋࣇࣛࣥࢫ࣭࣋ࣝࢠ࣮ࡢᅜ㝿ᶵ





175

㛵ࡸ௻ᴗ࡛ാࡃ᪉ࠎࡢ࠾ヰࡶఛࡗ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿሙᡤ࡛ୡ⏺ⓗ࡞ど㔝ࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡟ാࡃࡇ࡜ࡢ㠃ⓑࡉ࡜ཝࡋࡉࡶᩍ࠼࡚㡬ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡲࡋ
ࡓࠋࡇࡢ⃰ᐦ࡞ 10 ᪥㛫࠿ࡽᚓࡓ⮬ศࡢ⪃࠼ࠊᵝࠎ࡞ሙ㠃࡛ఛࡗࡓ࠾ヰࠊࡑࡋ࡚࿘ࡾ࠿ࡽࡢ࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢫࢆࡋࡗ࠿ࡾ࡜ᚰ࡟␃ࡵ࡚ࠊ௒ᚋࡢ⮬ศࡢ⣊࡟࡛ࡁࡿࡼ
࠺࡟⾜ື࡟⛣ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ࣃ࣭࣮ࣦࣜࣝࣝ⨾⾡㤋


176





Ḣᕞゼၥ࠿ࡽ⪃࠼ࡓ᪥ᮏ࡜⤌⧊ෆࡢ⮬ศⴗ㔝 㞞ᙪ ⚾ࡣ௒ᅇࡇࡢḢᕞ▷ᮇㄪᰝ࡟ཧຍࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡩࡓࡘࡢ኱ࡁ࡞཰✭ࢆᚓࡓ࡜ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ཰✭ࡢ୍ࡘ┠ࡣࠊึࡵ࡚࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࢆゼࢀࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏࢆ┦ᑐⓗ࡟⪃࠼ࡿᮦᩱࡀቑ࠼ࡓࡇ࡜ࡔࠋ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮࡜ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡟ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜᪥ᮏࡢ≀౯ࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿
࡟Ᏻࡃࠊࡲࡓࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ㉁ࡸ἞Ᏻࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟Ⰻ࠸ࠋΏḢ୰ࡣእ㣗࡛࠶ࢀࡤኤ
㣗୍ᅇ࡟ࡘࡁᖹᆒ 3500 ෇࡯࡝࠿࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓᗑࡢᚑᴗဨࡣᡭࡶࡕࡪࡉࡓ࡟࡞
ࢀࡤ⚾≀ࡢᦠᖏࢆ═ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡋࠊ⾤୰࡛ࡣἑᒣࡢ࣮࣒࣍ࣞࢫࡀ࠾ࡾࠊࡉࡽ࡟
ࡣᙼࡽ࠿ࡽᣢࡕ≀ࢆ┐ࡴேࡉ࠼ࡶ࠸ࡓࠋ࠸ࡎࢀ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ᪥ᮏࡋ࠿▱ࡽ࡞࠸≧ែ࡞ࡽࠕ᝿ീ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜ࡔࡅឤࡌ࡚ᛮ⪃ࡀ೵Ṇࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⮬ศࡢ┠࡛Ḣᕞࢆ☜࠿ࡵࡓ⚾ࡣࠊ࡞ࡐḢᕞࡣࡇ࠺࡞ࡢࡔࢁ࠺࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡋࠊࡦ࠸࡚ࡣ࡞ࡐ᪥ᮏࡣࡑࢀ࡜ࡣ㐪࠺ࡢࡔࢁ࠺࡜⪃࠼ࡿᶵ఍ࢆᚓࡓࠋ⚾ࡣࠊḢᕞࡣ᪥ᮏࡼࡾࡶࠕಶே୺⩏࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊ⤌⧊࡟ᒓࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࡶ
⮬㌟ࡢពᚿࢆᙉࡃᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽࡔ࡜ឤࡌࡓࠋ᪥ᮏ࡜Ḣᕞࡢ࠸ࢃࡤࡣࡊࡲ࡟
࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ⌧ᆅ࡛ാࡃ᪥ᮏேࡢ᪉ࠎࡢどⅬࡶ᪂㩭࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᙼࡽࡀࠕࣇࣛࣥࢫ
ேࡣാ࠿࡞࠸ࠖ࡜➗࠺⿬࡟ࡣࠊ⮬ศࡢ௙஦ࡣ⮬ศࡀ㈐௵ࢆᣢࡗ࡚᏶㐙ࡍࡿࠊ᪥ࠎ࣓ࣜࣁࣜࢆࡘࡅ࡚ാ࠸࡚㐟ࡪ᫬ࡣ⮬⏤࡟㐟ࡪࠊ࡜࠸ࡗࡓព㆑ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡔ
ࢁ࠺࡜ឤࡌࡓࠋ
஧ࡘ┠࡟ࠊ⮬㌟ࡀእᅜ࡛ാࡃࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ␃Ꮫࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㝿ࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡀࡼࡾ᫂☜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ௚ࡢ GLP ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡣࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ␃Ꮫࢆ᥍࠼࡚࠸ࡿேࡀ
ከࡃࠊᙼࡽ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࡑࡢ࠸࠸⦎⩦࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ୍᪉࡛⚾ࡣ⌧ᅾᑵ⫋άື୰࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᮶ᖺࡢ 4 ᭶࠿ࡽࡣ♫఍ே࡟࡞ࡿணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᅜ
㝿ⓗ࡞⤒㦂ࡀẚ㍑ⓗᑡ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ⚾࡟ࡣࠊ⮬ศࡀ᪥ᮏࢆฟ࡚ാࡃ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡀ‪ࡁ࡟ࡃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ௒ᅇࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛࡣࠊ௻ᴗゼၥࡸ OB࣭OG ゼၥࡢᶵ఍ࡶࡶ࠺ࡅ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡗࡓ࠾࠿ࡆ࡛ࠊ⮬ᅜࢆฟ࡚ാࡃࡇ࡜ࡢ㞴ࡋࡉࡸᴦࡋ
ࡉࢆ⪺ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ⮬ศࡀᾏእᨭ㒊࡟ὴ㐵ࡉࢀࡓࡽ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊゝⴥࡸᩥ໬ࡢ㐪࠸࡛ⱞປࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡯ࡰ☜ᐇ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡣᛮ࠺ࡀࠊẖ᪥ࡢ᪂㩭࡞⏕άࢆ඲ຊ࡛ᴦࡋࡵࡿᛶ᱁ࡔ࡜ࡶឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽᅜ㝿ⓗ࡟ά㌍࡛ࡁࡿேᮦ࡟࡞ࡾࡓ࠸࡜ᙉࡃᛮࡗࡓࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡩࡓࡘࡢ཰✭࡟ࡃࢃ࠼࡚ࠊ⚾ࡣ㞟ᅋ⾜ືࡢ୰࡛ࡢ⮬ศࡢ❧ࡕ఩⨨࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᏛࡪ࡭ࡁࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ཯┬Ⅼ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡶ࠺ᑡࡋ㢗ࡶࡋࡉࠊᏳ
ᚰឤࡢᣢ࡚ࡿ⾜ືࢆࡍࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋⰋ࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ㞟ᅋࢆ





177

ಠ▔ࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊྛ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࡜ࡲࢇ࡭ࢇ࡞ࡃ஺ὶ࡛ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡔࠋ
 ཯┬Ⅼ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ῝ࡃ⪃࠼ࡍࡂࡎ࡟࡜ࡾ࠶࠼ࡎ⾜ືࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜࠸࠺⮬ศࡢᛶ᱁ࡀࠊᾏእ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࿘ᅖ࡟୙Ᏻࢆ୚࠼ࡿ⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡔࠋ⮬⏤࡟⾜ືࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠊࡑࢀࡀ࿘ᅖ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡲ࡛⪃៖ࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛⾜ືࢆࡍࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋⰋ࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊಶࠎࡢ࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱ࣮ࢆ࠶ࡿ
⛬ᗘᢕᥱ࡛ࡁࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࣂࣛࣥࢫࡼࡃྛ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࡜ヰࡍᶵ఍ࢆᚓࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡜
ࡔࠋ⮬㌟ࡀ၏୍ࡢ 3 ᖺ⏕࡛࠶ࡾࠊ௚ࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡣ 4 ᖺ⏕ࡀ 1 ே࡜ 2 ᖺ⏕ࡀ 8ே࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ኱༙ࡢୗ⣭⏕࠿ࡽࡶ⮬⏤࡟ヰࡋ࠿ࡅ࡚ࡶࡽ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᙼ
ࡽ࡜ࣇࣛࣥࢡ࡟ࡘࡁྜ࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆᚰࡀࡅࡓࠋ࠾࠿ࡆ୍࡛㒊ࡢᚋ㍮࠿ࡽࡣࢿࢱ࢟
ࣕࣛ࡟ࡉࢀࡓ㒊ศࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊGLP ࡢඃ⚽࡞࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡜῝ࡃヰࡏࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ⮬㌟ࡀ่⃭ࢆཷࡅࡓ㒊ศࡣከࠎ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
௒ᅇࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ▱ࡾྜ࠼ࡓ 9 ேࡢ௰㛫ࡣࠊ⮬㌟࡟࡜ࡗ࡚᭱㧗ࡢ㈈⏘࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜ឤࡌࡿࠋ඘ᐇࡋࡓ᫬㛫ࢆඃ⚽࡞௰㛫࡟ᅖࡲࢀ࡚㐣ࡈࡏࡓࡢࡣክࡢ
ࡼ࠺࡛ࠊࡇࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࢆ௒ᚋࡶ኱ษ࡟ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ
ࢤࣛࣥࢻࡢ࣌ࣥࢩࣙࣥࠊ࣭࣓ࣛࢰ࣭ࣥࢻࢵࢺ࣭࣭ࣛࢤࣛࣥࢹ࢕࢚࣮ࣝ


178



ᡂ㛗ࡢࣄࣥࢺࡀワࡲࡗࡓࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥዟ⏣ ㎮ဢ

 10 ᪥㛫ࡢ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮࣭ࣇࣛࣥࢫ▷ᮇᾏእㄪᰝࡣࠊ⚾ࡀㄪᰝ๓࡟᝿ീࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ
ࡼࡾ㐶࠿࡟ᴦࡋࡃࠊᐇࡾ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ඲࡚ࢆࡇࡇ࡟グࡍࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ
ࡲࡏࢇࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡢሗ࿌࡛ࡣ≉࡟஧ᅇ࡟ࢃࡓࡿࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡚᭩ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ⮬ᕫ⤂௓࡟ࡶ᭩࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ⚾ࡣࡇࡢ▷ᮇㄪᰝࢆᑗ᮶ࡢ␃Ꮫ࡬ࡢ୍ࡘࡢࢫ
ࢸࢵࣉ࡜ࡋ࡚఩⨨࡙ࡅ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㏻ࡾࠊ␃Ꮫ࡬ྥࡅ࡚
ᩘከࡃࡢ⤒㦂ࠊᩍカࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡎࠊ࣮ࣦ࢙࣭ࣝࣥ࢝ࢺࣜࢵ
ࢡ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣࠊ㝔⏕ࡢ᪉ࠎࢆ๓࡟࢔࢝ࢹ࣑ࢵࢡ࡞ᙧᘧ
࡛ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ
⮬ศ࡞ࡾ࡟‽ഛࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚ࡁࡓࡓࡵ࡟ࠊⓎ⾲ࡸ㉁␲ᛂ⟅࡛ࡣ኱ࡁࡃኻᩋࡍࡿࡇ
࡜ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᏳᚰࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊࣉࣞࢮࣥࡢ᪉ἲ⮬య࡛ࡣᨵၿⅬࡀከࡃぢฟࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ࢔࢖ࢥࣥࢱࢡࢺࡸືసࠊ࣎ࢹ࢕ࣛࣥࢤ࣮ࢪ࡛ᛮࢃࡠⒷࢆᣦ᦬ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࡋࠊ⌧ᆅࡢᏛ⏕ࡢᘬࡁ௜ࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࣉࣞࢮࣥ᪉ἲࡣ኱ኚຮᙉ
࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࣃࣜ➨୐኱Ꮫ࡛ࡢ஧ᗘ┠ࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡣࠊ࣮ࣦ࢙࡛ࣝࣥࡢࣉࣞࢮ
ࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ࠊࡼࡾᡴࡕゎࡅࡓ㞺ᅖẼࡢ࡞࠿࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ᪥ᮏ
ㄒ࡛ࡶࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࠊᑡࡋࣜࣛࢵࢡࢫࡋ࡚ࣉ
ࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟⮫ࡴࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࣃࣜ➨୐኱Ꮫ࡛ឤࡌࡓࡢࡣࠊ⚾⮬㌟ࡀ࠶ࡲࡾ᪥ᮏࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡽࡎࠊ⪃࠼࡚ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡋࡓࠋᐇ
ࡣࠊ୍ᗘ┠ࡢ࣮ࣦ࢙࣭ࣝࣥ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡶ᪥ᮏࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ⪺࠿ࢀࠊࡇࡢ஧
ᗘ┠ࡢࣉࣞࢮ࡛ࣥࡶ⪺࠿ࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡶࠊ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟⮬ࡽࡢᅜ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚↓ᩍ㣴࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜③ឤࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࣃࣜ➨୐኱Ꮫ࡛⚾࠿ࡽ⌧ᆅࡢᏛ⏕࡟ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡸ EU ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪺࠸࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࡢே࡞ࡾࡢ⪃࠼ࢆࡁࡕࢇ࡜ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ㡭࠿ࡽࠊ⮬㌟ࡢᅜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᇶᮏ
ⓗ࡞▱㆑ࢆഛ࠼࡚࠾ࡃࡢࡣᙜ↛࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠊ࡜ឤࡌጞࡵࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡲ
࡛ࡣࠕ᪥ᮏ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⯆࿡ࡀ↓࠸࠿ࡽࠖ࡜࠸࠺⌮⏤࡛࠶ࡲࡾຮᙉࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡏࢇ
࡛ࡋࡓࡀࠊ⮬ࡽࡢᅵಥ࡛࠶ࡿ᪥ᮏࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࡸࡣࡾ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ▱ࡗ࡚࠾ࡃ࡭ࡁ࡞
ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠊ࡜ᨵࡵ࡚⪃࠼┤ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋᾏእ࡟Ώࢀࡤࠊึᑐ㠃ࡢே࡟࡜ࡗ
࡚⚾ࡢศ࠿ࡾࡸࡍ࠸࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡣ᪥ᮏே࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊᙼ
ࡽ࡜ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ࡜ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞▱㆑ࡸࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡍࡿពぢࡀ኱ษ࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓほⅬ࠿ࡽࡶࠊ௒ᅇࡢ





179

ㄪᰝࡣᾏእ␃Ꮫࡢ㸯ࢫࢸࢵࣉ࡜ࡋ࡚᭷⏝࡞Ẽ࡙ࡁࡢᶵ఍ࢆ୚࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡓ࡜ᛮ
࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡓࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ㞺ᅖẼࡸᛶ㉁ࡢ␗࡞ࡿ஧ࡘࡢ኱Ꮫ࡛⤒㦂ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆẚ㍑ࡋ
ࡓ⤖ᯝࠊᚓࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ⮬ศࡀⱥㄒ࡛ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮
ࢩࣙࣥ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ៅ㔜࡟࡞ࡾࡍࡂ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡣᾏእࡢ᪉࡜ⱥㄒ
࡛ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ࡜ࡿ㝿࡟኱ࡁ࡞ࢫࢺࣞࢫࢆឤࡌࡲࡍࠋᙜึࡑࡢཎᅉ
ࡣⱥㄒࡢ⬟ຊ୙㊊ࡸࠊࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡜◊✲ࡢ‽ഛ୙㊊࠿ࡽࡃࡿࡶࡢࡔ
࡜ᛮ࠸㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࣃࣜ➨୐኱ᏛࡢᏛ⏕ࡣࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ⚾ࡼࡾ័ࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸᪥ᮏㄒࢆ౑࠸ࠊࡲࡓ⚾ࡼࡾ๓ᥦ࡜࡞ࡿ▱㆑ࡀ࡞࠸࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࣉࣞ
ࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ㦫ࡃ࡯࡝ࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢពぢࡸ㉁ၥࢆࡋ࡚ࡃࡿ
ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ᫬ࠊⱥㄒࡢ⬟ຊࡸࡑࡢ௚ࡢ▱㆑ࡀࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ
඲࡚࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃẼ௜࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡶࡋ࠿ࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢀ
ࡲ࡛ࡣࠕࡘࡲࡽ࡞࠸㉁ၥࡣࡍࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࡞࠸ࠖ
ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕୗᡭ࡞ⱥㄒࢆ౑࠺࡭
ࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓᙉ࠸ᛮ࠸㎸ࡳࡀࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ㑧㨱࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸
ࡓࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋኟࡢ␃Ꮫ࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࠊࡓࡔ༢࡟ⱥㄒࡸ⤒῭ᏛࢆᏛࡪ࡟࡜
࡝ࡲࡽࡎࠊே࡜ࡢ௜ࡁྜ࠸᪉඲⯡ࢆ኱ࡁࡃぢ┤ࡍᚲせࢆࡦࡋࡦࡋ࡜ឤࡌ࡚࠸
ࡲࡍࠋ ࡉ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡽࡓࡵ࡚⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊࡇࡇࡲ࡛᭩࠸࡚ࡁࡓࠊࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙ
ࣥࡢࢫ࢟ࣝ࡜᪥ᮏ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ▱㆑ࡢ୙㊊ࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡬ࡢែᗘࡣࠊ
ᾏእㄪᰝࡢฟⓎ๓࠿ࡽᢸᙜࡢඛ⏕ࡸࡑࡢ௚ከࡃࡢ᪉࠿ࡽᗄᗘ࡜࡞ࡃᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ
࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ௚ே࠿ࡽࡢᣦ᦬ࢆ⣲┤࡟⪺ࡁධࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ
㞴ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࠊᣦ᦬ࡉࢀࡿࡓࡧ࡟⪺ࡁὶࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ௒ᅇࡢㄪ
ᰝࡢ᭱ࡶ኱ࡁ࡞཰✭ࡣࠊ௚ࡢᩥ໬ࡸே㛫࡜ゐࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᣦ᦬ࡢ࠸
ࡃࡘ࠿ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊᨵၿࡋࡼ࠺࡜ᛮ࠼ࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢព࿡࡛௒ᅇࡢᾏእㄪᰝ
ࡣࠊᙜึࡢࠕ␃Ꮫ࡬ྥࡅ࡚ࡢ୍ࡘࡢࢫࢸࢵࣉࠖࢆ㉸࠼࡚ࠊࠕ⮬㌟ࢆᡂ㛗ࡉࡏࡿࢫࢸࢵࣉࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚౯್࠶ࡿయ㦂࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ



180






ࣈࣜࣗࢵࢭࣝࠊࢳࣙࢥ࣮ࣞࢺᑓ㛛ᗑ







181

ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡜௻ᴗゼၥࢆ⤊࠼࡚ዟᮧ ⿱Ꮚ௒ᅇࡢ◊ಟࢆ௨ୗࡢ୕ࡘࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾࡲࡍࠋࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ ࣮ࣦ࢙࣭ࣝࣥ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ኱Ꮫ࡜ࣃࣜ➨୐኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣࠊ඲ࡃ␗࡞ࡿ⤒㦂ࢆࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡎࠊ࣮ࣦ࢙࣭ࣝࣥ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿṇᘧ࡞ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᩍᤵࡸ༤ኈㄢ⛬ࡢඃ⚽࡞Ꮫ⏕࠿ࡽ㧗ᗘ࡞㉁ၥ
ࢆཷࡅࠊពぢࢆ⪺࠿ࢀࠊ⮬ศࡢㄒᏛ⬟ຊ࡜ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ▱㆑ࢆ⢭୍ᮼ⏝࠸࡚⟅࠼ࡿࠊ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ஦๓࡟ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆศ࠿
ࡾࡸࡍࡃࡋࡼ࠺࡜ᚲṚ࡟ດຊࡋࠊㄽ⌮ᵓ㐀࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㉁ၥࡶᙜ᪥ฟ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ
࡛ࠊෆᐜࡣ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘఏࢃࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡜ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ௚᪉࡛ࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽᨵၿࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸Ⅼࡶぢࡘ࠿ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋཎ✏ࢆ඲ࡃぢࡎ࡟ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆࡍࡿ⬟ຊ࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࠊᙜ᪥㢌ࡀ┿ࡗⓑ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㝿࡟⮬ศࡀཎ✏ࡢ࡝ࡢ㒊ศࢆㄞࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆぢኻࡗࡓࡾࠊㄗࡗࡓⱥㄒࡢ
ゝ࠸ᅇࡋࢆ౑ࡗࡓࡾࡋࡓࡃ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࠊཎ✏ࡢ༙ศ࡯࡝ࡋ࠿ᬯグࢆࡏࡎࠊཎ
✏ࢆᡭ࡟ᣢࡗ࡚ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࢀ࡛ࡣ⫈⾗ࡢ཯ᛂࢆឤࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ࣮ࣦ࢙࣭ࣝࣥ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ኱
ᏛࡢᏛ⏕ࡣࠊཎ✏ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿேࡣㄡ୍ே࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡓࡕ࡜┠ࢆྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ⚾ࡓࡕ࡟ྥࡅ࡚ヰࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ឤࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊ
⚾ࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺⾲᝟ࢆࡋࡓ㝿࡟ࡣࡶ࠺୍ᗘྠࡌࡇ࡜ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋఱࡼࡾࡶࠊᖖ࡟๓ࢆぢ࡚ヰࡍࡓࡵᇽࠎ࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄝ
ᚓຊࡀఱಸࡶቑࡋࡲࡍࠋ☜࠿࡟ࠊ┦ᡭඛ኱ᏛࡢᏛ⏕ࡣⱥㄒࡀࡼࡾ㌟㏆࡛ࠊ࢔ࢻࣜࣈ࡛ࡶṇࡋ࠸ᩥἲ࡜༢ㄒࢆ౑࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡀ኱ࡁ࡞⌮⏤࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡣ
ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡶ᏶⎍࡟ཎ✏ࢆぬ࠼ࠊఱᗘࡶࣜࣁ࣮ࢧࣝࢆ⾜࠼ࡤࠊ࠶ࡿ
⛬ᗘࡣ㏆࡙ࡅࡿࡣࡎ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢດຊࢆᛰࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ௒࡛ࡣ࡜࡚ࡶᚋ᜼ࡋ࡚࠸
ࡲࡍࠋࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ஧ᖺ⏕ࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡇࡢ᜼ࡋࡉࢆ⤒㦂࡛ࡁࡓࡇ࡜࡟኱ࡁ࡞ព࿡
ࢆឤࡌࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀ࠿ࡽᚎࠎ࡟ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᶵ఍ࡀቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡃ࡜ᛮ࠸
ࡲࡍࡀࠊධᛕ࡞‽ഛࢆ⾜࠸ࡓ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ    ࣃࣜ➨୐኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣࠊ⮬ศࡢࢸ࣮࣐࡟ࡘ࠸࡚✚ᴟⓗ࡟ពぢ஺᥮ࢆࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ
⚾ࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡣࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡛ࢸࣟࣜࢫࢺࡀ⫱ࡘࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ
ࢸࣟ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆヰࡋྜ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡟฿╔ࡋࠊ⚾ࡣࡇࡢᅜࡣࢸࣟ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㆙ᡄᚰࡀᙉ࠸࡜ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋᘓ≀࡟ධࡿ㝿ࠊࡓ࠸࡚


182



࠸ࡢሙྜ㠜ࡢ୰ࢆࢳ࢙ࢵࢡࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋほගᐈࡢ㞟ࡲࡿሙᡤࡸ EU ㆟఍࡞࡝ࡢබⓗᶵ㛵࡛ࡣࠊ✵ ࡢࡼ࠺࡟࣮ࣞࢨ࣮࡟ࡼࡿࢳ࢙ࢵࢡࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ
⌧ᆅࡢே࡟⪺࠸࡚ࡳࡿ࡜⟅࠼ࡣண᝿እ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡣࠊᙼࡽࡀᛕධࡾ࡟ᑐ⟇ࢆྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡔ࡜ண᝿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊᐇ㝿ࡣᛧ࠸ࡀ௙᪉ࡀ࡞࠸࡜༙ࡤ⿕ᐖࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࢆㅉࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ෭㟼࡟⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊ⌧ᆅࡢேࡢ㏻ࡾ
࡛ࡍࠋࢸࣟࡣ࠸ࡘ࡝ࡇ࡛㉳ࡇࡿ࠿ศ࠿ࡽࡎࠊࢸࣟࡢࡓࡵ࡟ほගᆅࡸࢥࣥࢧ࣮
ࢺ࡬ྥ࠿࠺ࡢࢆ㑊ࡅ࡚࠸ࡓࡽࠊ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿᚰᆅࡀࡋࡲࡏࢇࠋ᪥ᮏேࡢᆅ㟈࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⪃࠼᪉࡜㢮ఝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ
⌧ᆅ࡛ാࡃேࡢヰࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ ⮬ᕫ⤂௓ᩥ࡛㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ⚾ࡣዪᛶࡢ♫఍㐍ฟ࡟⯆࿡ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ
࡚ࠊ௒ᅇࡢㄪᰝ࡛ዪᛶࡢ᪉ࡢヰࢆఛ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡇࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ఱ࠿ᚓࡿࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸
࡚ࡶࡲࡓࠊண᝿እࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋOECDࠊ᪥ᮏᩥ໬఍㤋ࠊEU ㆟఍ࡢྛᶵ㛵࡛ാࡃዪᛶࡢ᪉࡟࠾ヰࢆఛ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊㄡࡶ⏨ዪࡢᕪ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝཬࡍࡿேࡣ࠾ࡽࡎࠊࡲࡓ≉࡟ࡑࢀ࡛ᅔ㞴ࢆ⤒㦂ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࡞ࡉࡑ࠺࡛ࡋࡓࠋOECD ࡛ࡣ≉࡟ヲࡋ࠸࠾ヰࢆఛ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᛶᕪ࡟㛵ࢃࡾ࡞ࡃ࠾஫࠸ࡢ
⬟ຊࡸᑓ㛛ᛶࢆᑛ㔜ࡋࠊࡼࡾࡼ࠸ࡶࡢࢆసࡿࡓࡵ࡟ຓࡅྜࡗ࡚ാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ༳
㇟ࢆཷࡅࠊ⌮᝿ࡢ⫋ሙ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ឤࡌࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࢹࢨ࢖ࣥᛶ࠶ࡩࢀࡿ⫋ሙࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟㨩ຊⓗ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ᪥ᮏ࡜ࡢ⎔ቃࡢ㐪࠸ ୺࡟஧ࡘឤࡌࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ୍ࡘ┠ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡣᮏᙜ࡟Ᏻ඲࡞ᅜ࡛࠶
ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ௒ᅇゼၥࡋࡓ஧࢝ᅜ࡛ࡣࠊ୍▐࡛ࡶẼࢆᢤࡃ࡜ࠊ㠜ࡢࡍࡄ㏆ࡃࡲ࡛ᡭࡀఙࡧ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡶึ᪥࡟ࡍࡾ࡟㐼࠸ࡑ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡢᡭࡀఱ࠿࡟ゐࢀࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸᣺ࡾ㏉ࡿ࡜ࠊእᅜேࡀࡍࡄᚋࢁ࡟࠸࡚ᜍᛧࢆឤࡌࡓࡢࢆぬ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᖾ࠸ఱࡶࡍࡽࢀࡎ࡟῭ࡳࡲࡋࡓࠋ஧ࡘ┠ࡣࠊḢ⡿ேࡣ♫஺ⓗࡔ࡜࠸࠺࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆ຾ᡭ࡟ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᐇ㝿ࡣ᪥ᮏ࡜ྠࡌࡃ
༑ே༑Ⰽ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ≉࡟ࣃࣜ➨୐኱Ꮫ࡛ពぢ஺᥮ࢆࡋࡓ㝿ࠊ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ⓎゝࡍࡿᏊ࡜ࠊཷࡅ㌟ࡢᏊࡀ࠸࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜඲ࡃྠࡌ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ
᭱ᚋ࡟ ௒ᅇࡢ◊ಟࡣᮏᙜ࡟ඛ⏕࡜௰㛫࡟ᜨࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋኴ⏣ඛ⏕࡟ࡣࠊࣉࣞ
ࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ┦ㄯ࡟୎ᑀ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࠊࡑࡋ࡚⌧ᆅ࡛ࡶ⚾ࡓࡕࡢయㄪ࡟࡜࡚ࡶẼࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࠊ኱ኚឤㅰࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ
୍⥴࡟◊ಟࢆඹ࡟ࡋࡓ 9 ேࡣⓙࡑࢀࡒࢀ㛗ᡤࡀ␗࡞ࡾࠊᙼࡽ୍ேࡎࡘ࠿ࡽ㐪





183

࠺่⃭ࢆཷࡅࠊ⮬ศࡣᡂ㛗ࡍࡿవᆅࡀࡲࡔࡲࡔከࡃ࠶ࡿ࡜ឤࡌࡲࡋࡓࠋᬑẁ࠶ࡲࡾࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞㆟ㄽࢆࡋࡓࡾࠊពぢࢆ⪺࠸ࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊ඘ᐇࡋ
࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋᮏᙜ࡟࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
࣮ࣦ࢙ࣝࣥᕷᗇ⯋


184





᪑ࡢ⤊ࢃࡾ࡟ῧ࠼࡚⠛ཎ ⿱ᬗ ᖐࡾࡢ㣕⾜ᶵࠋ௬╀࠿ࡽ┠ぬࡵ࡚ࡶ࠺୍ᮏᫎ⏬ࢆぢࡼ࠺࡜ṇ㠃ࡢࢫࢡ࣮ࣜ
ࣥࢆ࠸ࡌࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡩ࡜❆ࡢእ࡟┠ࢆࡸࡿࠋࡸࡅ࡟᫂ࡿ࠸ⓑගࡢ‶᭶ࡀぢ࠼ࡓࠋࡑࡢ‶᭶ࡀᆅ⌫ࡢ㍯㒌ࢆ↷ࡽࡋฟࡍࠋᾏ࡜㝣ࡢ⧅ࡂ┠ࠊᒣ⬦ࡢࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑
ࢬ࣒ࠊࡑࡋ࡚⁥ࡽ࠿࡞ᆅ⌫ࡢ㍯㒌ࠋᆅ⌫ࡀ⌫࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆᛮ࠸ฟࡍࠋ
࠸ࡘࡶ┠࡟ࡍࡿᆅ⌫ࡣ࣓ࣝ࢝ࢺࣝᅗἲࡢᆅᅗୖ࡟ᥥ࠿ࢀࡓ஧ḟඖࡢᅄゅ࠸ୡ⏺ࡔࠋࡑࡇ࡟ࡣᗄᮏࡶࡢ⥺ࡀ้ࡲࢀࠊᅜࠎࡀࡦࡋࡵࡁྜࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ
⚾ࡀ㣕⾜ᶵ࠿ࡽ═ᮃࡋࡓᆅ⌫ࡣ඲ࡃู≀ࡔࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡟ᅜቃࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ୍ࡘࡢ
㞝኱࡞⮬↛⨾࡜ࡋ࡚┠࡟↝ࡁ௜࠸࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡇࡢᆅ⌫࡛ࠊࡇࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣈ࡛ࠊఱ
࠿ࢆᡂࡋ㐙ࡆࡿࠋࡑࢀࡀࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣮ࣝࣜࢲ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ౑࿨࡛࠶ࡿࠋᆅ⌫ࡢ㍯㒌ࢆ↷ࡽࡋฟࡍ࠶ࡢⓑ࠸‶᭶ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊୡ⏺ࡢ࡝ࡇ࠿࡟ගࢆὀࡄࠋࡑࢇ࡞ே
⏕ࢆ㏦ࡾࡓ࠸ࠋࡑࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼࡞ࡀࡽ◊ಟࡢᖐ㊰࡟ࡘ࠸ࡓࠋ
㸯ᖺ㛫ࡢᇶ♏ࢮ࣑ࢼ࣮࡛ࣝࡢ஦๓‽ഛࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ௒ᅇࡢ▷ᮇᾏእ◊ಟ࡟⮫ࢇࡔࠋ๓ᮇࢮ࣑࡛ࡣ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢṔྐࢆ᥀ࡾୗࡆࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢ⯆࿡࠶ࡿࢸ࣮࣐࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࢮ࣑⏕ྛ⮬ࡀྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇࡔࠋᚋᮇࡣࠊ◊ಟሙᡤࡢୗㄪ࡭ࡸ
◊ಟ⏝ࣉࣞࢮࣥࡢసᡂ࡟ὀຊࡋࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ஦๓‽ഛࡀ௒ᅇࡢ◊ಟࡢᡂຌ࡟
኱ࡁࡃᐤ୚ࡋࡓ࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋ
๓ᮇࢮ࣑࡛ࡢ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃྐࡢ᚟⩦࡟㝿ࡋࠊ㧗ᰯࡢୡ⏺ྐࡢᩍ⛉᭩ࢆఱᗘ࠿
ཧ↷ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ᚟⩦ࡢࡓࡵ࠿ࠊ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮࣭ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢᘓ㐀≀ࡸ⨾⾡ရࡢᩘࠎࡢ㚷㈹ࢆྐⓗほⅬ࠿ࡽࡶᴦࡋࡴࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡓࠋ≉࡟ࣃ࡛ࣜࠊ࢚ࢵࣇ࢙ࣝሪࡸ
ถ᪕㛛ࠊ࣮ࣝࣈࣝ⨾⾡㤋ࢆᐇ㝿࡟ぢ࡚ᅇࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡓࡢࡣ⚾ࡓࡕ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㈗㔜࡞⤒㦂࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ᚋᮇࢮ࣑࡛◊ಟሙᡤ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚஦๓࡟ᆅ⌮᝟ሗࡸ᪋タ᝟ሗࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜
࡛ࠊ◊ಟࡣ඲యࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࢫ࣒࣮ࢬ࡟㐍ࢇࡔࠋḢᕞ㆟఍ࡸ OECD ࡞࡝ࡢ⾜ᨻᶵ㛵ࢆゼၥࡋࡓ㝿࡟ࡣࠊ஦๓ㄪᰝࡀຌࢆዌࡋࠊྛᶵ㛵ࡢᢸᙜ⪅࡜ࡢ࢖ࣥࢸࣛࢡ
ࢩࣙࣥࢆຠ⋡ࡼࡃ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡓࠋAJINOMOTO ࡢ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃᨭ♫ࢆゼࢀࡓ㝿ࡶࠊ⤒῭஦᝟ࢆ⤡ࡵࡓྠ♫ࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝᡓ␎࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㜏㐩࡞㆟ㄽࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡓࠋࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞⤒῭⎔ቃ࡛ᐇ㝿࡟ά㌍ࡍࡿ᪉ࠎ࡜┤᥋ヰࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟ຮᙉ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᚋᮇࢮ࣑୰ࡢ◊ಟ⏝ࣉࣞࢮࣥࡢධ
ᛕ࡞‽ഛࡀࠊ⌧ᆅ࡛ࡢᮏ␒ࣉࣞࢮࣥࡢᡂຌ࡟⧅ࡀࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚋᮇࢮ
࣑࡛ࡢࢮ࣑⏕ྠኈࡢ㆟ㄽࡸኴ⏣ඛ⏕࠿ࡽࡢຓゝࡢᩘࠎࡀࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥ
ࢆ࣮ࣦࣝ࢓࣭ࣥ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ኱Ꮫࡢ㝔⏕࡟ࡓ࠸ࡋ࡚ࡶ㏻⏝ࡉࡏࠊࣃࣜ➨㸵኱Ꮫ





185

ࡢᏛ⏕㐩ࡢ⯆࿡ࢆࡦࡃࡶࡢ࡬࡜᪼⳹ࡉࡏࡓࡢࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋ
๓ᮇࢮ࣑࡛Ḣᕞ⤫ྜࡢṔྐ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᣦᑟࡋ࡚ୗࡉࡗࡓᯇᮏ♩Ꮚඛ⏕ࠊࣉࣞࢮࣥࡢῧ๐ࢆࡋ࡚ୗࡉࡗࡓ࣐ࣝࢳ࢙ࣇඛ⏕ࠊࣉࣞࢮࣥࡢࣜࣁ࣮ࢧ࡛ࣝࣇ࢕࣮
ࢻࣂࢵࢡࢆࡋ࡚ୗࡉࡗࡓ GLP㸯ᮇ⏕ࡢὸᕝඛ㍮ࠊ஭ཱྀඛ㍮ࠊ኱▼ඛ㍮ࠊ࣮ࣝ
ࣦ࢙࡛ࣥほග᱌ෆࢆࡋ࡚ୗࡉࡗࡓ GLP㸱ᮇ⏕ࡢᑠụඛ㍮ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ᚋᮇࢮ࣑࡛
ࣉࣞࢮࣥ‽ഛࢆᡭఏࡗ࡚ୗࡉࡾࠊࡲࡓ⌧ᆅ࡛⚾ࡓࡕࢆぶ㌟࡟ࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡋ࡚ୗ
ࡉࡗࡓኴ⏣ඛ⏕ࠋᚰࡼࡾឤㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ᭷㞴࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࣃ࣭࣮ࣦࣜࣝࣝ⨾⾡㤋


186





◊✲ࡢึṌ኱ෆ 㞞ஓᏊ

௒ᅇࡢ▷ᮇㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊ୍⯡௻ᴗࡸ EU ㆟఍ࠊࣃࣜ᪥ᮏᩥ໬఍㤋࡞࡝ከᵝ࡞᪋タࢆゼၥࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠿࡛ࡶ࣮ࣦ࢙࣭ࣝࣥ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ኱Ꮫ࡜ࣃࣜ➨ 7 ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡢウ㆟఍ࡣ⚾࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ព⩏῝࠸ࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡢⅬ࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡚ヲࡋࡃ᭩࠸࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ
௒ᅇࡢᾏእㄪᰝࡢಶேⓗ࡞┠ᶆࡣࠊ᫓࠿ࡽ⪃࠼ࢆ῝ࡵࡓ⏕ᾭᩍ⫱࡜࠸࠺ࢸ࣮࣐࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣ⪺ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ᙜ஦⪅ࡓࡕࡢኌࢆ▱ࡾࠊࡉࡽ࡟⪃ᐹࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ⚾ࡀ୧኱Ꮫ࡛⾜ࡗࡓࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡣࠊࣇ
ࣛࣥࢫࡢᩍ⫱ไᗘࢆᡂຌ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ᣲࡆ࡞ࡀࡽࠊඛ㐍ᅜ࡛ࡢ⏕ᾭᩍ⫱ࡢᚲせᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ッ࠼ࡿෆᐜ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࣮ࣦ࢙࣭ࣝࣥ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊ
⏕ᾭᩍ⫱ࢆ⌮᝿ㄽ࡟࡜࡝ࡵ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࡢලయⓗ࡞᪉⟇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝཬࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
࡛ࡁࡓࠋ᪥ᮏ࡟⏕ᾭᩍ⫱ࢆᬑཬࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣఇᬤไᗘࡣ࡝࠺ኚ㠉ࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ࠿ࠊᩍ⫱ࡢ㈨㔠※ࡣ࡝ࡇ࡟ᐃࡵࡿࡢ࠿࡞࡝ࠊ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮ࡢᏛ⏕࠿ࡽฟࡓ㉁ၥ
࡟⟅࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊⓎ⾲ࡢ࢔࢖ࢹ࢔ࢆࡉࡽ࡟⌧ᐇ࿡ࡢ࠶ࡿෆᐜ࡬࡜᪼⳹ࡉࡏࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ௚᪉ࠊࣃࣜ➨ 7 ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣࠊ⌧࡟ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡟ఫࡴᏛ⏕ࡢ⏕ࡢኌࢆ⪺ࡅࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ࡁ࡞཰✭࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋไᗘࡀᩚࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊࣇ
ࣛࣥࢫࡢⱝ࠸ୡ௦࡟ࡣ⏕ᾭᩍ⫱ࡣࡑࢀ࡯࡝ᾐ㏱ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫ௻
ᴗࡢᾘᴟⓗ࡞ጼໃࡸࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢ㞠⏝ῶᑡࡀࡑࡢཎᅉ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡞࡝ࠊ
⚾ࡀࡑࢀࡲ࡛༑ศ࡟⪃ᐹ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓⅬ࡟ᣦ᦬ࢆཷࡅࠊ⌮᝿࡜⌧ᐇࡢࢠࣕࢵࣉࢆయឤࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ
ࡇࢀࡽࡢయ㦂ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚᪂ࡓ࡟Ꮫࢇࡔࡢࡣࠊᩍ⫱ࡢᨵ㠉࡟ࡣࠊ⚾ࡀッ࠼ࡿไᗘࡢᨵ㠉௨እ࡟ࡶࠊ⾜ᨻࠊᅜẸ࡜௻ᴗࡢព㆑ࠊປാᕷሙࠊᖺ㔠ไᗘ࡞࡝ከᵝ࡞ศ㔝࡬ࡢാࡁ࠿ࡅࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓྛศ㔝㛫࡛ࡢㄪᩚࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ࡜࠸
࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔࠋ≉࡟⏕ᾭᩍ⫱࡟≉໬ࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊ⏕ᾭᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᕼᮃ
ࡍࡿேࡀ㔠㖹㠃࡛ᅔ❓ࡋ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ⾜ᨻࡲࡓࡣ௻ᴗ࠿ࡽࡢ㈨㔠᥼ຓࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡉࡽ࡟ᚰ⌮㠃࡛ࢫࢺࣞࢫࢆཷࡅ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ໅ࡵඛࡸᐙ᪘࠿ࡽࡢ
ᚰ⌮ⓗࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡀ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ከᵝ࡞ᨭ᥼ࡀㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡿ࡞࠿࡛ࠊ
௒᪥࡛ࡣᑗ᮶ཷࡅྲྀࡿᖺ㔠ࡢ㢠ࡀୗࡀࡾࠊཷ⤥㛤ጞᖺ㱋ࡀඛᘏࡤࡋ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ᐇどࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ≧ἣୗ࡛ࡣࠊ⏕ᾭᩍ⫱ࡢᚲせᛶࡣ㧗ࡲࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ
ྰࡵ࡞࠸ࠋேࡢ⏕ࡁ᪉࡟┤᥋ⓗ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿᩍ⫱࡜࠸࠺ศ㔝ࡔ࠿ࡽࡇࡑࠊ᪂ࡋ
࠸ᩍ⫱ไᗘࡢᾐ㏱࡟ࡣከ᪉㠃࠿ࡽࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࡇࡢ㸯ᖺࢆ㏻ࡋࠊ⮬ศ࡛ࢸ࣮࣐ࢆ㑅ࡧࠊࡑࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ከ㠃ⓗ࡟ㄪᰝࢆࡋࠊ





187

ࡲ࡜ࡵࠊ᭱ᚋ࡟⌧ሙࡢኌࢆ⪺ࡃࡇ࡜࡛ࡉࡽ࡟ཌࡳࡢ࠶ࡿ㆟ㄽ࡟Ⓨᒎࡉࡏ࡚ࡁ
ࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ௒ᚋᑓ㛛ⓗ࡟⾜࠺ࠕ◊✲ࠖࡢᡭ㡰࡛࠶ࡾࠊ2 ᖺḟ࡟୍㏻ࡾ⤒㦂࡛ࡁࡓࡢࡣ࡜࡚ࡶ᭷ព⩏࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ௒ᅇࡢᾏእㄪᰝࡢࡓࡵࡢᇶ♏ࢮ࣑ࢼ࣮ࣝ࡜෤
ࡢ▷ᮇᾏእㄪᰝ࡟ཧຍࡋࠊ࡜࡚ࡶ඘ᐇࡋࡓ 1 ᖺࢆ㐣ࡈࡏࡓࡇ࡜ࢆᎰࡋࡃᛮ࠺ࠋ
᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊぶ㌟࡟ࡈᣦᑟ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓᯇᮏ♩Ꮚඛ⏕ࠊኴ⏣ᝆ௓ඛ⏕࡟ឤㅰ࠸ࡓࡋ
ࡲࡍࠋ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࣃ࣭࢚ࣜࢵࣇ࢙ࣝሪ


188





ࡓࡗࡓ 10 ᪥㛫࡛ࡶ⠛⏣ ⏤⌮␃Ꮫ‽ഛ࡬ࡢࣔࢳ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ ࣮ࣦ࢙ࣝࣥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᭩࠸ࡓ❶࡛ࡶᑡࡋゐࢀࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ⚾ࡣࡲࡔ␃ᏛඛࡀỴࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋ࿘ࡾࡢⓙࡀཷࡅධࢀඛࡢ኱Ꮫࡢヰࢆጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ࡞࠿࡟࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ࡞࠿࡞࠿ࣔࢳ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡀୖࡀࡽࡎࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶ␃Ꮫ࡟
⾜ࡗ࡚ఱ࠿ࡀኚࢃࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿࡜ࡉ࠼ᛮࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᐇ
㝿ࢃࡎ࠿ 10 ᪥㛫᪥ᮏࡢእ࡟㋃ࡳฟࡋ࡚ࡳࡓࡔࡅ࡛ࡶᚰቃࡣ኱ࡁࡃኚ໬ࡋࡲࡋ
ࡓࠋ᭕᫕࡞ゝ࠸᪉࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡓࡔ㟁㌴࡛⛣ືࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡶࣔࣀࡢ
ぢ࠼᪉ࡀ๓ࡼࡾࡶᗈࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡟ឤࡌࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᾏእࡢ኱ᏛࡢᵝᏊࢆ
ぢࡓࡾࠊࡑࡇ࡛ຮᙉࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏛ⏕࡜ฟ఍ࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ⮬ศࡶࡑࡢࡼ࠺
࡟ຮᙉࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆᥥࡃࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛኱ࡁ࡞ࡇ
࡜ࢆゝࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࡶୡ⏺࡟ฟ࡚ࡳࢀࡤ⮬ศࡣࡕࡗࡱࡅ࡞Ꮡᅾ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࡜࠸
࠺ࡇ࡜ࠊࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࡑࡢ୰࡛ᡴࡕ㎸ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࢆぢࡘࡅ࡚ᡴࡕ㎸ࡵࢀࡤ࠸࠸࡜ᛮ
࠸┤ࡍࡇ࡜ࡶฟ᮶ࡲࡋࡓࠋ௒ࡣ␃Ꮫ⏦ㄳ࡟ྥࡅ‽ഛࢆࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㎞࠸᫬ࡶ࠶ࡾ
ࡲࡍࡀࠊⓙ࡛᧜ࡗࡓ෗┿ࢆぢ㏉ࡋࠊࡑࡢ᫬࡟ឤࡌࡓࡇ࡜ࢆᛮ࠸ฟࡋ࡚ບࡳ࡜
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋே㛫㛵ಀ ௒ᅇࡢཧຍ⪅ࡢ኱༙ࡣྠࡌᏛ㒊࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡣヰࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊᐇ㝿࡟ 10 ᪥㛫ࡶ୍⥴࡟ୖᡭࡃࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡅࡿࡢ࠿୙Ᏻ࡛
ࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛࠶ࡲࡾ㛵ࢃࡾࡢ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࡜ヰࡑ࠺࡜ࡋࡓࡾࠊ
୍⥴࡟ࡈ㣤ࢆ㣗࡭ࡓࡾฟ᮶ࡿࡼ࠺ኌࢆ࠿ࡅ࠶ࡗࡓࡾࡋ࡚ࠊ඲ဨࡀ࠾஫࠸࡟ᴦ
ࡋࡃ㐣ࡈࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡟ດຊࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ឤࡌࡲࡋࡓࠋ⮬ศࡢࡇ࡜ࡸ┠ඛࡢࡇ࡜࡟
Ẽࢆྲྀࡽࢀࡀࡕ࡞⮬ศ࡜ẚ࡭ࠊⓙࢆ஧ಸࡶ୕ಸࡶ኱ேࡢࡼ࠺࡟ឤࡌࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ
࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡋࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡟᣺ࡿ⯙࠺ࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣࠊࡁࡗ࡜௒ࡲ࡛࡟
Ⰽࠎ࡞ⱞປࡸ⤒㦂ࢆࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࡜ឤࡌࡲࡋࡓࠋṧࡾࡢ኱Ꮫ⏕ά࡛ࡶࠊࡑࡋ࡚♫఍࡟ฟ࡚࠿ࡽࡶࠊ௚ࡢே㐩࡜ఱ࠿ࢆసࡾୖࡆࡿሙ㠃ࡣᚲࡎ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࢇ࡞࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊࡇࡢᾏእㄪᰝ࡛ᚓࡓ⤒㦂ࢆά࠿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡅࡓࡽࡼ࠸࡜
ᛮ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ





189

ኴ⏣ඛ⏕
 ⚾ࡢඛ⏕࡟ࡓ࠸ࡍࡿ➨୍༳㇟ࡣࠊᚰ㓄ᛶ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋΏ⯟๓ࡢࢮ࣑࡛ࡣᐇ㝿࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡛╔ࡿ᭹ࡸⲴ≀ࢆ኱Ꮫ࡟ᣢࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚ࡳࡿࡼ࠺࡟࠾ࡗࡋࡷ
ࡽࢀࡓࡾࠊ10 ேࡑࢀࡒࢀಶᛶࡀᙉࡃࠊΏ⯟័ࢀࡶࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡏ࠸࠿ฟᅜ᫬࡟ྛࠎ
࡛ᩓࡽࡤࡗ࡚⾜ືࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ࡜ࡁࠊኌࢆฟࡉࢀࡓࡾࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵࠊෆᚰ࡛ࡣぶࡢࡼ࠺ࡔ࡞ࠊ࡜ឤࡌ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ◊ಟ࡛ࡢ㣗஦୰࡟࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡓ࠾ヰࡸࠊࡲࡓ௚ࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࠿ࡽ⪥࡟ࡋࡓ࠾ヰ࠿ࡽࠊඛ⏕ࡣ୍ᶫ࡟╔௵ࡉࢀ࡚࠿ࡽึࡵ࡚ࡢ࠾௙஦࡛័ࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶከࡃࠊࡲࡓ᫖௒ࢸࣟ࡞࡝ࡢ
஦௳ࡀከ࠸࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡛ࡢ⁫ᅾ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ⣙ 1 ᖺ࡜࠸࠺㛗࠸᫬㛫ࢆ࠿ࡅࡌࡗࡃࡾ‽ഛࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ
࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡸゼၥࡀ⤊ࢃࡾࠊඛ⏕ࡢ࡯ࡗ࡜ࡍࡿ㢦ࢆぢࡿࡓࡧ࡟ࠊᥦฟ≀ࢆ㐜ࢀ࡚ฟࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡞࡝ࢆ኱ኚ⏦ࡋヂ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠺࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡢぢ࠼࡞࠸࡜ࡇ
ࢁ࡛‽ഛࢆࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࡟⬚ࡀ⇕ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡓࡗࡓ༙ᖺ࡜࠸
࠺▷࠸㛫࡛ࡋࡓࡀࠊඛ⏕ࡀࡇࡢ▷ᮇᾏእㄪᰝࡢᢸᙜ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆᎰࡋࡃᛮ
࠸ࡲࡍࠋឤㅰࡋ࡚ࡶࡋࡁࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊࡇࡢሙࢆ೉ࡾ࡚㔜ࡡ࡚ឤㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋᮏᙜ࡟࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࢤࣛࣥࢻᪧᕷ⾤


190





࣮ࣝࢶࢆồࡵࡓࡑࡢඛ࡟୕ዲ ᗣ௓࣋ࣝࢠ࣮࡜ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡛㐣ࡈࡋࡓࡇࡢ 10 ᪥㛫ࡢ᪑ࡣࠊGLP ࡢᾏእ▷ᮇ◊ಟ࡜࠸࠺ᯟ⤌ࡳࡢ࡞࠿࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊᮏ᮶࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ␗ᩥ໬࡜ࡢ㐪࠸ࢆᐇឤࡋࡓࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ౯್ほࡢ㐪࠸ࢆ⫙࡛ឤࡌࡓ࡞࡝࡜᭩ࡃࡢࡀᙜࡓࡾ㞀ࡾࡢ࡞࠸⟅࠼࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ⚾ࡣ௒⮬ศࡀឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ࠶
ࡾࡢࡲࡲࡢᛮ࠸ࢆ⥛ࡾࡓ࠸࡜ᛮࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࡢࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ṇ┤࡟᭩ࡁࡓ࠸
࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ࡇࡢ◊ಟࡢ୍␒ࡢ཰✭ࡣࠊGLP ࡜࠸࠺⚽ᡯ㞟ᅋ࡜⏕άࢆඹ࡟ࡍࡿ࡞࠿࡛ࠊ
⮬ศ࡟ࡋ࠿࡞࠸ᙉࡳࡀࠊࡰࢇࡸࡾ࡜࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊᑡࡋぢ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜࡛
ࡍࠋ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮ࡸࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡛ࡢ⤒㦂ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ⮬㌟ࡢⱥㄒຊࡢ↓ࡉࡸᩍ㣴୙㊊ࢆᐇឤࡋࡓࡢࡣゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡶ࡞࠾⮬ศࡢᙉࡳࡣఱ࠿࡜
⪃࠼ࡓ࡜ࡁࠊࡑࢀࡣ࿘ࡾ࡟࠸ࡿேࡓࡕࢆᴦࡋࡲࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࠊ➗㢦࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡋࡓࠋᐇ㝿ࠊ࣮ࣦ࢙࣭ࣝࣥ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ኱Ꮫࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡶࠊ
ࣃࣜ➨ 7 ኱Ꮫ࡜ࡢウㄽ఍࡛ࡶࠊࡓࡔ⏕┿㠃┠࡟ࣉࣞࢮࣥࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࿘
ࡾࢆ᫂ࡿࡃࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢆᙉࡃព㆑ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊᑡࡋ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ
࿘ࡾࢆ➗㢦࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ⚾࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊGLP4 ᮇ⏕࡜ 3 ᖺ⏕ࡢⴗ㔝㞞ᙪ࡜࠸࠺ඃ⚽࡞ᚋ㍮ࡓࡕ
࡜ฟ఍࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡶࠊ኱ࡁ࡞཰✭࡛ࡋࡓࠋᬑẁࡢᇶ♏ࢮ࣑ࡸᮏ␒ࡢ
◊ಟࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊᙼࡽࡶ௚࡜ྠࡌ୍ேࡢே㛫ࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࠊⓙࡑࢀࡒࢀᚲṚ࡟ດຊࡋ࡚௒ࡢᆅ఩ࢆ☜❧ࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆᐇឤࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ኱Ꮫ 2 ᖺࡲ࡛య⫱఍࡟ᡤᒓࡋࠊ3 ᖺ⏕ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ 4 ᖺ⏕࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶᑵάࡸ᪑࡛ࢁࡃ࡟ຮᙉࡋ࡚ࡇ
࡞࠿ࡗࡓ⮬ศࡶࠊດຊࡉ࠼ࡍࢀࡤᏛᴗ㠃࡛ࡶࡲࡔࡲࡔࡸࢀࡿ࡜ᛮ࠼ࡓࡢࡣ኱
ࡁ࡞⮬ಙ࡟⧅ࡀࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ
◊ಟࢆ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡿ࡜ࠊ࡜࡟࠿ࡃ➗࠸ࡢ⤯࠼࡞࠸ᴦࡋ࠸◊ಟ࡛ࡋࡓࠋึᅇࡢᇶ
♏ࢮ࣑࡛ࡣࠊ㸲ᖺ⏕࡛ཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ⮬ศ㸯ேࡔࡅ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ࿘
ࡾࡢⓙ࡜㥆ᰁࡵࡿ࠿୙Ᏻ࡛ࡋࡓࡀࠊ◊ಟࡢ᭱ᚋ࡟ࡣⓙ࡛➗ࡗ࡚ኪ࡞ኪ࡞ㄒࡽ
࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡯࡝ࡢ௰࡟࡞ࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾⮬㌟ࠊ኱Ꮫ⏕ά࡛ᝎࢇࡔࡾ❧ࡕṆࡲࡗࡓࡾࡋࡓ᫬ᮇࡶࡓࡃࡉࢇ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚᭱ᚋ࡟⣲ᬕࡽࡋ࠸௰㛫࡜ฟ఍࠼࡚ࠊᮏᙜ࡟୍ᶫ኱Ꮫ࡟᮶࡚ࡼ࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ᨵࡵ࡚ᐇឤࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⮬ᕫ⤂௓࡛ࡶ᭩࠸ࡓ㏻ࡾࠊඖࠎࡇࡢ◊ಟ࡟ཧຍࡋࡓ⌮⏤ࡣ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢ࣮ࣝࢶࢆ᥈
ࡿࡓࡵ࡛ࡋࡓࡀࠊ᭱ᚋ࡟⚾ࡀᡭ࡟ࡋࡓࡢࡣ࠿ࡅࡀ࠼ࡢ࡞࠸௰㛫࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀ
࠿ࡽࡶ௜ࡁྜࡗ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠼ࡿ཭ேࡸඛ⏕࡟ฟ఍࠼ࡓࡢࡣ⚾ࡢ኱ࡁ࡞㈈





191

⏘࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣ◊ಟ࡟㝈ࡗࡓヰ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊࡶࡋ௬࡟௒ࠊᝎ
ࡳⱞࡋࢇ࡛࠸ࡿேࡀ࠸ࡿ࡞ࡽࠊㅉࡵࡎ࡟㉮ࡾ⥆ࡅࢀࡤࠊᚲࡎ㐨ࡣ㛤࠿ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆఏ࠼ࡓ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢ᪑ࢆࢥ࣮ࢹ࢕ࢿ࣮ࢺࡋࠊ࠸ࡘࡶ⚾㐩ࢆぢᏲࡾ⥆ࡅ࡚ࡃࢀࡓኴ⏣ඛ⏕ࠊࡸ࠿ࡲࡋ࠸⚾࡜᎘࡞㢦୍ࡘࡏࡎ୍⥴࡟᪑ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓ GLP4 ᮇ⏕ with ⴗ㔝㞞ᙪࠊࣃࣜዴỈ఍ࠊḢᕞ㆟఍ࠊࣃࣜ᪥ᮏᩥ
໬఍㤋ࢆึࡵ࡜ࡋ࡚◊ಟ୰࡟࠾ୡヰ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᪉ࠎࠊⓙ࡟ㅰ㎡ࢆ㏙࡭࡚㥏ᩥࢆ⥾ࡵࡃࡃࡾࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᮏᙜ࡟࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
࣮ࣦ࢙ࣝࣥࠊ࣡ࢵࣇࣝᒇ












192



付録（APPENDIX）

1. 参加者によるプレゼンテーション用スライド（PARTICIPANTS’ PRESENTATION SLIDES）
2. ルーヴェン・カトリック大学との討論会・交流会プログラム
3. パリ第 7 大学との討論会・交流会プログラム

 

1. 参加者によるプレゼンテーション用スライド（PARTICIPANTS’ PRESENTATION SLIDES）
Contents

Brexit
An Evaluation of the NorwayModel 1. Explanation of options after Brexit
 2. Advantages of Norway Model
1) GDP
2) Cost3) Time 3. Conclusion

Misaki Takahashi

1.1 Three models

1. Three models

 Norway Model Swiss Model WTO Model

Join EFTA

Join EFTA

Do not join any trade area

Join EEA

BilateralagreementEU

1.2 What’s
Norway Model?
 Join European Free Trade Association(EFTA)

European Economic Area (EEA)

EFTA

Croatia

France
Italy
Germany
Spain
Etc.

Free trade with non-EU countries
 Join European Economic Area (EEA)
Free trade with EU countries

2. Advantages
Switzerland

NorwayIceland
Liechtenstein

Outside: WTO
195 

2.1 Minimization in GDP Loss

2.2 Lower Cost

Reported by the House of Commons Science and Technology Committee (2017)

Estimated Drop in GDP for Each Model in UK by 2031
8.00%

 Less financial contribution to EU required

7.00%

[]

6.00%

[]

5.00%

3.00%

Contribution per person
Norway: 106UK: 128

4.00%

Estimated to reduce 9

[]

2.00%
1.00%
0.00%
Norway model

Swiss model

WTO model

2.3 Shorter Time

3. Conclusion

 EU legislation expires in 2 years

 Minimization of loss in GDP

UK needs to make new agreements in trade, education, labor, etc.

 Cheaper access to the EU market
 Fits within the time limit

 Swiss model (WTO model)

In an economic point of view, Norway Model brings huge benefits to UK

Bilateral agreement is time consuming
Switzerland: 20 years

Immigrants?

Bibliography

 Japanese Sources

English SourcesHouse of Commons Science and Technology Committee 2016
“Leaving the EU: implications and opportunities for science and research: Government
Response to the Committee’s Seventh Report”<https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201617/cmselect/cmsctech/1015/1015.pdf>
House of Commons Science and Technology Committee 2016
“Alternatives to membership: possible models for the United Kingdom outside the European
5w 2016KEU<x1joe>`!%,'r7 NHK;fVY
Union”
2\b2016KEU7 AFZ]M8Gl
<https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/504661/
Alternatives_to_membership_possible_models_for_the_UK_outside_the_EU_Accessible.pdf>
Akiko Darrell BTMU Economic Brief London (2016) vAEUr&),$z{w32016KaJy@>`uP

EU T1j2:VY

HcQt/CIDLq2004K*-"#0Udhs~pSXmiBE;f

ARCA=|^kn62016KARC.+0(*-"#02016/17

ARCA=|^kn62016KARC.+0(vA2016/17ExtraDisadvantages<http://www.bk.mufg.jp/report/ecostn2016/ldnreport_20160601_J.pdf> knR2016vAEUr7}W[4_Brexit9<https://www.mizuho-ri.co.jp/publication/research/pdf/insight/eu160419.pdf>


KPMG 2016 Brexit?NvAr&),$-EUr&),$gO

< https://home.kpmg.com/jp/ja/home/insights/2017/02/brexit-eu-fundamental-rights.html>

196  

1. Paper Work Fees
Norway's export to EU

2. Anti Dumping Duty
UK's export to UK

5.6
5.7

17.2

7.5

10.5

9.5
10.5

12

6.8

19.2
61.2

 The EU uses trade defense instruments to re-establish a competitive environment
for the EU industry when harmed by dumped or subsided imports.
 The case of Norway Salmon16
 The UK has no power to change EU legislation

34.3

mineral fuels

manufactured goods

mineral fuels

food products

machines/transportation equipment

manufactured goods

industrial chemical products

othersfood production
machines/transportation equipment
industrial chemical products
others197

&%%!$ !'#&%$CAP

as a prism to the EU

;8D

9D

!%!#! (%!%$&$ '#$%*,&%*!! !$.9:

#&%&#&%%!$ !'#&%$  !

;8D

9D
;

!!$

<

#$

CAP

$#&"%#&%&#$*
$#&"%#%
 #$**

#!&%$198 $$$~Commonn Agricultural
al Policy~=>

Contents&# !

9.%$ +:. %$!
;. #!$!
<.! &$! -  #% 9A>84Treaty of Rome5 !!  #%4Market Unity5 "!$&##$! !# "#!&%$
4Community Preference5  !#%*
?

@$ 
  $&# ##$0 !$
& % $&#!!$&""*##$%$##$$"!#% %&$////.
  $"!#&%&##$ '#$%*!#&%&#"#!&%$ #&%&#$ !$!(# $2$&$% ##$A98
  $&# ##$0 !$
& % $&#!!$&""* '#!  %"#!%%!
!!$%* % (#  $""#$#'%!  #&##$  
&**''%%(
99

9:

199





'#

9;#!&#$9<!%! !(%

 '#!  %
E9=!

9>


Rich farmers become richer,but small poor farmers are excluded from CAP$&$$y $%$&$*
& #! y #%$"* %$$! historical model #!$$2!"   &$! %!
9?

200

E

(#y $% #! ($&$*!& %$!"#!&

9@



!
Rich farmers become richer,but small poor farmers are excluded from CAP
 #%$"* %$$! historical model #!$$2!"   &$! %!

)#"How CAP should be?

9A :8

'&!& %#$E&$$!###$ "'#%*!#&%&#"#!&%$#!"%%' $$!$##$
 !#!"% # $E&$$!###$:9::
!$&%.&#!" %#%!  !! #&%&#"!*.$2$!!&.:89> )" %&#  #!#"%.&#!" !$$! .%%"-11.&#!".&1#&%&#1"!*2"#$"%'$1 )3 .% )" %&# %%!%)" %&#.&#!" !$$! .%%"-11.&#!".&1#&%&#1"!*2"#$"%'$1 )3 .%



:;



201



2/13/18

10 Countries Joined the EU in 2004.

15

What Is Making the EU Expand to the East?
 The Fifth Wave of 2004 ―+10Hitotsubashi University
Kanako Mori

Western Countries’ Motivation For Expansion

Western Countries’ Motivation For Expansion

I. to activate EU market

II. to strengthen security in the whole of Europe

wider international markets

more tradescost minimizationlabor costtax

new security threats

EU international order

Eastern European Countries’ Motivation

Eastern European Countries’ Motivation

I. to develop their economies

II. to strengthen democratic principals

 economic reforms by IMF & EU infrastructure and technical supports

Copenhagen Criteria (1993)
stableinstitution

rule oflaw

respect ofminorities

democracyhumanrightseconomy  inflow of FDI from other countries
developing new lawsamending existing laws

202

1

2/13/18

Evaluation (Summary)

EU In the Future

5th expansion  a successful expansion for the whole of Europe

 2 ways political perspective

widening
5 candidate countries(Turkey, Macedonia, Servia,
Montenegro, Albania)postwar unity in Europe
spread of democracy and human rights
inflow of FDI from other countries

 economical perspectiveGDP : EU (28.9) > U.S. (28.1%)
FDI from non-EU countries : 15→30 (GDP ratio)

shrinkingleave of France and the Netherlands(Frexit, Nexit)2032

!


   (" $ '"'# !

) &' () " " "%  !'""" !

!
""!#!$ !"'6

7

! $! '('8*% ' (

" !06>8;/756:1

6+ "- ".'" !
7+ $"" - "8+  " "" &"
9+ # '                  2"! !"")!'" #" '

:

204

9

;





+%# -"!""#"'.

 !"! !- #"!.

"!!*/  /    *$"!"% #" '
/ 
 

""!

 755!#!"6;" "# '  !#!  $!%! !

<=,%  "

' (

 "!"!"#!! &"
 "!



 "'"'$""""   !"$!
"!) " ""',!""  " "!

#"'   !"$!
!)%)#")"+ !/! $)++7>

65-% # "!'"

# !$!"'"" - #"!.$ "6;" "75" "# !
 "!""!&!""#"!

66

205



               
5,2 +0%"." % ,*-.,*&/"5,On July 15, 2017
the EU tried to issue a statement.

BUT!!

206

It was vetoed by
Greece!!!

  ,.0&."1/&+."" "Greeceʼs vetoEconomic support from China
,.0&."1/&+."" ",.0&."1/&+."" "/0("&+&."1/1*+
.&$%0/

 ,+,*&,++,*& 
-.,,#&0-.,#&0,.0&."1/&+."" "    
SHOULDEU statements be decided by:
Greeceʼs refusal be:
Relationships with nations violating human rights be:*&0%")"+6."" "), (// .&0& &/*0,#%&+4/%1*+.&$%0/." ,.!7the guardian. %"$1.!&+ 
1+"  " " "*".  %00-/2220%"$1.!&+ ,*2,.)!  '1+ $.""""1 .&0& &/*1+ %&+%1*+.&$%0/." ,.!

A Giant Open Prison: TCHRD releases 2016 Annual Report on
Human Rights Situation in Tibet&"0+"+0."#,.
%1*+.&$%0+!!"*, . 3" " "*".  %00-0 %.!,.$++1)."-,.0   207

WHY ISRADICALIZATION
HAPPENING?
IN EUROPEYuko Okumura

Two reasons for increasing terror

Why are terrorist attacks on the rise?
→because people who have radical
thoughts have increased.

What kind of people get attracted
to radical thoughts, and why??

Model  
     "   

Characteristics

Local citizens
in poverty

Radicalization

Terrorism""# Immigrants
in poverty

208

Local citizens in poverty

Immigrants in poverty "  

  
!   
 

Model 
 
 Why people get attracted to terrorism
1. They can get a sense of identity

Local citizens
in poverty

Radicalization

Terrorism

Immigrants
in poverty

Why people get attracted to terrorism

Why people get attracted to terrorism

2. They can stand as an opponent in frontof their society they hate

3. They can think their misfortune is
COMPLETELY the society’s fault
It’s not myfault…!!!

209

Model
Anywhere

Local citizens
in poverty

Anytime
Radicalization

Terrorism

Will not get seen by othersDifficult to monitor what is written

Immigrants
in poverty

How to make bombs
How to use guns effectively
How to make a building collapse
Recommended places to inflict terror

Model



Local citizens
in poverty

Radicalization

Terrorism

Immigrants
in poverty

210











&#&% )&**
% +* +*@5 &#&%)&**
A5 %#/* *,* %&/7* &#)&"  %&)

&)6



&-@5 &#&%)&**
A5 %#/* *,* %&/7* &#,)'&*&)*+,/ %)&
 &+++))@5 &#&%)&**,+ &%/*+$*) &,*3&$'# +6





)&#$
A9/#*/*+$&$'+ #+%)*,% %

)$%/@5 &#&%)&**

% -)* +/H),+*&&#@5 &#&%)&**211

&* + -*
@5 &#&%)&**&$;55< '%

A5 %#/* *,* %&/7* &#+ -*&$;55< '%&) %
;55< ,%)/

&-
&.

+/
 ,$

+) +&#&%)&**6&.

$  ' +.%



&-

 ,$





&$
;55< '%

+/

&.

 ,$



A5%#/* *,* %&/7* &#&) %
;55<&$;55< '%&) %
;55< ,%)/

&-



+/

&-

 ,$





A5%#/* *,* %&/7* &#&)6&-

% . %*
A5%#/* *,* %&/7* &#

212



+/

A5%#/* *,* %&/7* &#),*,'+ )*" ##*1&) %
;55<,)'&*&)*+,/ %)&
 &++ )+)@5 &#&%)&**

+) +&#&%)&**6&.

),*,'+ )*" ##*1&.+&#. ++ ** +,+ &%222
$  ' +.%

% . %*#A5%#/* *,* %&/7* &#

&$'+ + &%* *&-)/')&,)) )  /" ;@FGG9@GGA<#
+,%+*
*&,#')+  '+ %$&)&$'+ + &%*% *&-)+ )+#%+

&-)%$%+*&,#&$$ +++&++),+ &%#%- )&%$%+

Reference,") +*,0,"3 ) ,+ &% %+ %+)%+ &%##/(,  ) &3A?@D3 %)-&& # ) ) ,") +*,0,"3 $'+ & +,%+* &- %%+,)%+&,+ &%,# +/:%#/* *)&$+&%&$ *&,+ &%''#/ %&/7* &#9 3A?@?3*)%-#&'$%+%+)&) ),+ &%
%%,#,##+ %3 +&+*,* % -)* +/++'488)$*9 )5# 5 +9,55!'8)*8 +*+)$8@??FD8@FCCB8@8)A??G??DE?5'213

fin.

214





MY PRESENTATION
1. The need for education for adults
2. Educational situation in Japan

LIFELONG EDUCATION

Mayako Ouchi

3. Educational system of successful country

MY PRESENTATION
1. The need for education for adults
2. Educational situation in Japan
3. Educational system of successful country

the aging society

tighter budget for social welfare
lack of human resources
lower productivity

longevity is a “curse”

gift of time
more diverse lives

longevity will be a “gift”

the aging society

tighter budget for social welfare
lack of human resources
lower productivity

longevity is a “curse”

gift of time
more diverse lives

longevity will be a “gift”

215

LIFELONG EDUCATION 

MY PRESENTATION“Ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated“ pursuit of knowledge for
either personal or professional reasons.

1. The need for education for adultsD≠ job trainings nor MBA courses
It may have positive effects on…
 provide people with opportunities to earn adequate money for prolonged life improve the labor productivity
 development of the country’s national power reduction in the unemployment rate

THE CURRENT SITUATION IN JAPAN2. Educational situation in Japan
3. Educational system of successful country

MY PRESENTATION
1. The need for education for adults

 permanent employment
 expensive fee no spare time to study
 too far to commute no satisfying curriculum performance decrement
 want to keep employees hired few financial support fromcompanies

 few night classes
 age limits on entrance exam
 lack of scholarship forstudents over 20

HOW THE OTHER COUNTRIES ARE WORKING?

2. Educational situation in Japan
3. Educational system of successful country

HOW THE OTHER COUNTRIES ARE WORKING?
Centre d’animation, de ressources et d’information sur la formation
Centre pour le developpement de la formation professionnelle

Francecan request 20 to1200hours a year for education
can receive 80% of normal wages (60% if more than 1200 hours)
supported by Centre d’animation, de ressources et d’information sur la formation: CARIF
and Centre pour le developpement de la formation professionnelle

216

engineering
financial management
IT / communicationcommerce
secretarial
administrative

basic literacy
numeracy skills
foreign languages
communication skills



CONCLUSION
Developed countries : laws and institutions for lifelong education
France : advocate need for lifelong education

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Lynda Gratton Andrew Scott “THE 100-YEAR LIFE”(Oct. 21st. 2016)
Kumiko Iwasaki ”Support for lifelong education in France”
http://ejiten.javea.or.jp/content.php?c=TWpZd01ERTQ=
Lifelong Learning Programme “EUROPEAN INFONET ADULT EDUCATION”
www.infonet-ae.eu/

better and more enjoyable life in the aging society !

Japan Institute for Labor Policy and Training “Research on International Comparison of
Job Trainings”(Sep. 2003)217

HOW
HO
OW
O
W
TO INCREASE
CREASEE AC
ACCEPTEDCCREFUGEES
REFUG
GEES
S
IN JAPAN?



Point ofsimilarity-

CountryGDP

IslandNationLand
Size

Population
densityJapan

UK

Germany

Switzerland

40,04938,882

41,247

41,276

18,295KU

30,7164
Germany

48
Japan

38,990
Switzerland All countries have almost the same GDP, hence similar economic power218



Germany

Ethical &Emotional

Japan

Federal Office for Migration and Refugees

Ministry of JusticeRefugee examiners

Minister of Justiceapproachsociety
Institutional

accepted

Determined by the
Minister of Justicerejected
Determined by the
Minister of Justice(again)duoLingo



iKnow

RosettaStone219

















220







$+  %$,&"$#  %$%""#*%*)+)$,()*.%$%#)1A*.(%)+! .%)

%($*% $)*(.% $*($"()$%##+$*%$)25                                  63
&%&+"*%$) $,"%&%+$*()0?

>" * "#  %$"($
%&+"*%$9+$*2*$ *%+)$:(9)'+(!"%#*(:&%&+"*%$$)*.
9&%&+"*%$ &()'+(!"%#*(:5   6

&$

CA?=

>?D==

BB?===@DE===>>C@@C !  $(&')"'&%
       $(&')"'"'%©INSEE « Recensement de la population de 2006 »@%##$"(* (($&(%".)
   *%%#&%&+"*A#!%#%"#     

#  

#.#1%!+)#(*+(*.&"&%&+"*(@#$,#$*)2
 $()$.%+$##($*) ()*5)%"$()6$*%-$)*%(.
 ((,"% %#&$)



B

C

221





"$ %$"$#"& '"$(#

$".%(!()%&")*(%$".#$     1)&"".  2)$()1$$()1-(*()1*3

$".%(($()*+($*)ED"%##"#"$%$%"

(# ( %)!)+)%*)+$'+()%+() %(*)%+*##($*) ,(2"*?=4)
 %(*$>==(+*) ,(B=&($*%)*+$*))*.$ #.# >?$-%+&")0 (%,)$--%(!)*.") ($))+))%()%(*+*+(F>="# )$%(9?=>A: 5 #.# (% *8(*%-*%-%(!$*+*+(86#+")(
 %(&%(*%$($"".9?=>C: 5&%))"*.% #.# &(% *8%+*
*+*+(%(%$" (*%$$(+"*%$86 %)% +"*%$).+!)!1!% -1 ).-(9?=>A:5(*,(+("(8*(*.*%",%+*%&%&+"*%$(*,".86#+")(

 .+$$ ($)1 !%*% $%+1*%)#)*9?=>A:5+("($(*%$%$&$$$%%&(*%$6 %!.%$,()*.()) (%. )+9?=>A:5 %")&&($8(&&%&+"*%$"$.%!.%
$*("/%$$*(*%$86+!% $)%

$ .#%*%9>FEF:5$,(%$#$*"%$%#%)6 -$#.%*$).+!$!9?=>C:5)*+.%$%$"%$%#*.**(*$##($*)8))*+.% #.# )*""*%&(% *$%!+)#&(*+(86G**&277(&%)*%(.3%)!++33 &7)&7*)*(#7>=ACC7>B=BC7>7?=>C===>@B3&9 )*))*?=>E7>7>A:

>>

222



2.







8:55

Opening Statement – KU Leuven (René Belderbos)

9:00

Opening Statement (Yusuke Ota)

9:05 - 9:15

Introduction of Participants

9:15-10:30

Section I: Europe: Shrinking or Widening?

Facilitator & presentor : Jeroen Mahieu
1. Misaki TAKAHASHI (Sophomore, Faculty of Economics)
Brexit. An Evaluation of the Norway Model
2. Motohiro AIKAWA (Sophomore, Faculty of Economics)
CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) as a Prism to the EU
3. Kanako MORI (Sophomore, Faculty of Economics)
What Is Making the EU Expand to the East?
4. Jeroen MAHIEU (KU Leuven)
Where have all the entrepreneurs gone ?
Q & A Session
10:30-10:45 Break
10:45-12:15 Section II: Contemporary European Questions: Nationalism, Human
Rights, Radicalization, and Education
Facilitator & Presentor: Dennis Verhoeven
1. Masahiko HAGINO (Junior, Faculty of Commerce and Management)
Nations and National Sentiments: Based on Anderson's "Imagined
Communities"
2. Tatsuya OKUDA (Sophomore, Faculty of Economics)
The EU in a Dilemma between Human Rights and Economic Benefits
3. Yuko OKUMURA (Sophomore, Faculty of Economics)
Why is Radicalization Happening in Europe?
4. Hiroaki SHINOHARA (Sophomore, Faculty of Economics)
The Bologna Process and Its Effects
5. Dennis VERHOEVEN (KU Leuven)
Why study innovation ?
223

Q & A Session
12:15-13:00 Lunch in HOGS 00.10
13:00-14:15 Section III: What Future for Europe: a Japanese Point of View
Facilitator & Presentor: Wytse Joosten
1. Mayako OUCHI (Sophomore, Faculty of Economics)
The Need for Lifelong Education
2. Yuri SHINODA (Sophomore, Faculty of Economics)
How to increase accepted refugees in Japan ?
3. Kosuke MIYOSHI (Senior, Faculty of Economics)
Advanced Efforts in Depopulated Rural Areas
4. Wytse JOOSTEN (KU Leuven)
Exchange programs in Europe
Q & A Session
14:15-14:30 Break
14:30-15:30 Section IV: Presentations KU Leuven
1. Martijn HUYSMANS (PhD, KU Leuven)
Low wage import competition and populist backlash: The case of Itary
2. Jesse WURSTEN (PhD, KU Leuven)
Minimum wages, Jobs and Politics
Q & A Session
15:30-15:40

Closing Statement (Dirk Czarnitzki)

15:40-17:00

Convivial Party with Belgian waffles

224

3. パリ第 7 大学との討論会・交流会プログラム
Le cours spécial de l'Université Paris-Diderot et de l'Université Hitotsubashi
Madame Kuniko LEMAIRE-SEKI(Maître de langue de l'Université Paris-Diderot)
Madame Kyoko MIKI
(Maître de langue de l'Université Paris-Diderot)
Yusuke OTA(Professeur adjoint de l'Université Hitotsubashi）
le 26 janvier 201813h30-15h00
Salle 405B (la classe de Madame SEKI)
Salle 510B (la classe de Madame MIKI)
L'Université Paris-Diderot
5 Rue Thomas Mann 75013 Paris
Langues: l'anglais et le japonais

Le programme
1. La répartition des étudiants de l'Université Hitotsubashi dans les deux classes- 5 étudiants dans la classe de SEKI-Sensei (405B) : MORI, OKUMURA, SHINOHARA,OUCHI et MIYOSHI- 5 étudiants dans la classe de MIKI-Sensei (510B) : AIKAWA, OKUDA, HAGINO,SHINODA et TAKAHASHI
2. La présentation des intervenants
3. Les premiers exposés (en anglais, 10 minutes)
4. Questions et réponses (en japonais, 20 minutes)
5. Les deuxièmes exposés (en anglais, 10 minutes)
6. Questions et réponses (en japonais, 20 minutes)
2251

7. Pot (15:00-15:50)
Les boissons chargés de l'Université Paris-Diderot
Les pâtisseries japonaises chargées de l'Université Hitotsubashi

Les intervenants de l'Université Hitotsubashi et les titres des exposés
1. Misaki TAKAHASHI, deuxième année d'économie
Brexit. An Evaluation of the Norway Model
2. Motohiro AIKAWA, deuxième année d'économie
CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) as a Prism to the EU
3. Kanako MORI, deuxième année d'économie
What Is Making the EU Expand to the East?
4. Masahiko HAGINO, troisième année de commerce et de management
Nations and National Sentiments: Based on Anderson's "Imagined Communities"
5. Tatsuya OKUDA, deuxième année d'économie
The EU in a Dilemma between Human Rights and Economic Benefits
6. Yuko OKUMURA, deuxième année d'économie
Why is Radicalization Happening in Europe?
7. Hiroaki SHINOHARA, deuxième année d'économie
The Bologna Process and Its Effects
8. Mayako OUCHI, deuxième année d'économie
The Need for Lifelong Education
9. Yuri SHINODA, deuxième année d'économie
How to increase accepted refugees in Japan ?
10. Kosuke MIYOSHI, quatrième année d'économie
Advanced Efforts in Depopulated Rural Areas

226

2

ゲランド塩田を前にして