ISLAND OF LĀNA‘I: SURVEYS AND PROCEEDINGS OF
THE BOUNDARY COMMISSION IN THE YEARS 1876 TO 1891
This paper, a compilation of Hawaiian Kingdom survey notes from the Island of Lāna‘i, was preparedby Kepā and Onaona Maly (Kumu Pono Associates LLC), as a part of a detailed ethnographic studyon Lāna‘i. The documentation represents a significant record of traditional and customary knowledgeof native residents of Lāna‘i, with personal informant memories dating back to ca. 1800.
Following the Māhele ‘Āina, there was a growing movement to fence off land areas and control accessto resources, which native tenants had traditionally used. By the 1860s, foreign land owners andbusiness interests petitioned the Crown to have the boundaries of their respective lands—which were
the foundation of plantation and ranching interests—settled. In 1862, the King appointed a
Commission of Boundaries (the Boundary Commission), whose task it was to collect traditional
knowledge of place, pertaining to land boundaries, customary practices, and determine the mostequitable boundaries of each ahupua‘a that had been awarded to Ali‘i, Konohiki, and foreigners during
the Māhele. The commission proceedings were conducted under the courts and as formal actions
under the law. As the commissioners on the various islands undertook their work, the kingdom hiredor contracted with surveyors to begin the surveys, and in 1874, the Commissioners of Boundaries
were authorized to certify the boundaries for lands brought before them (W.D. Alexander in Thrum
1891:117-118).
Primary records in this collection from Lāna‘i were recorded between 1876 to 1891. The records
include testimonies of elder kama‘āina who were either recipients of kuleana in the Māhele, holders ofRoyal Patent Land Grants on the island, or who were the direct descendants of the original fee-simple
title holders. The narratives that follow, include several sources of documentation. There areexamples of the preliminary requests for establishing the boundaries; letters from the surveyors in thefield; excerpts from surveyor’s field books (Register Books); the record of testimonies given by native
residents of Lāna‘i; and the entire record of the Commission in certifying the boundaries of each
ahupua‘a on Lāna‘i. The resulting documentation covers descriptions of the land, extending fromocean fisheries to the mountain peaks, and also describe—traditional practices; land use; changes in
the landscape witnessed over the informants’ life time; and various cultural features across the land.
The native witnesses usually spoke in Hawaiian, and in some instances, their testimony wastranslated into English and transcribed as the proceedings occurred. Other testimonies from Lāna‘ihave remained in Hawaiian, untranslated, until development of this manuscript. Translations of the
Hawaiian language texts below, were prepared by Kepā Maly as a part of this research project.

Place Names and Features of Lāna‘i
Cited in Surveys of the Boundary Commission
Among the most important documentary artifacts of the historical record are the surveys compiled by
the Kingdom Survey Division and Boundary Commission, which identify place names and features on
the cultural landscape of Lāna‘i. In place names we find evidence of traditional knowledge and use of
the land. Speaking the names also provides present an future generations with a sense of history andvalue—that we are a part of something of depth.
In the larger collection of historical documentation, there are more than 300 place names on Lāna‘i
survived the passing of time. The occurrence of place names demonstrates the broad relationship ofnatural landscape to the culture and practices of the people. The place names extend from the oceanand shore line of Lāna‘i to the summit of the island. These names demonstrate Hawaiian familiarity
with the resources, topography, sites and features of the entire island. Coulter (1935) observed thatHawaiians had place names for all manner of feature, ranging from “outstanding cliffs” to what he
Lāna‘i Boundary Commission Proceedings (1876-1891)
Manuscript of the Lāna‘i Culture & Heritage Center
Compiled by Kepā & Onaona Maly (Kumu Pono Associates LLC)

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described as “trivial land marks” (Coulter 1935:10). History tells us that named locations weresignificant in past times, and it has been observed that “Names would not have been given to [orremembered if they were] mere worthless pieces of topography” (Handy and Handy with Pukui,
1972:412). In ancient times, named localities served a variety of functions, including — (1)triangulation points such as ko‘a (land markers for fishing grounds and specific offshore fishing
localities); (2) residences; areas of planting; (3) water sources; (4) trails and trail-side resting places(o‘io‘ina), such as a rock shelter or tree shaded spot; (5) heiau or other features of ceremonial
importance; (6) may have been the source of a particular natural resource or any number of otherfeatures; or (7) the names may record a particular event or practice (e.g., use for burials, or making ofko‘i {adzes}) that occurred in a given area.
In 1902, W.D. Alexander, former Surveyor General of the Kingdom (and later Government) of Hawai‘i,
wrote and account of “Hawaiian Geographic Names” (1902). Under the heading “Meaning of Hawaiian
Geographic Names” he observed:
It is very difficult, if not impossible, to translate most of these names, on account of theirgreat antiquity and the changes of which many of them have evidently undergone. It often
happens that a word may be translated in different ways by dividing it differently. Many
names of places in these islands are common to other groups of islands in the South
Pacific, and were probably brought here with the earliest colonists. They have been used
for centuries without any thought of their original meaning… [Alexander 1902:395]
Table 1 below, is a compendium of place names of Lāna‘i recorded between 1856 to 1891, as
documented in the proceedings of the Boundary Commission. The following list includes several
facets of information. These include: (1) the original spelling as recorded in the primary documents;(2) characteristics or features of the locality (where located); the modern spelling, by use of diacriticalmarks (macrons and glottal marks) when known; and translations of the place names when known(the later being literal (lit.) or interpretive (int.) based upon local knowledge of place.
The notes of surveys and testimonies list ninety-one (91) place names, most only found along
boundaries between ahupua‘a. Many of the place names remain in use on maps or among someresidents, others, have been lost from modern usage.

Table 1. Place Names of Lāna‘i Documented through Surveysof the Boundary Commission
Place Name
AwaluaEhoehonui

Haalele Paakai

HalalaCharacteristic/Feature
Village site and landing oncoast of Paomai
Site of some large rocks ina hollow on the boundary
between Palawai and
Kealia Aupuni Ahupuaa.
One of two main summit
peaks of Lanai Hale. A
water hole in the mountainridges called Haalele
Paakai.
A place along the old trail(road) and near theboundary of Mahana andPaomai Ahupuaa.

Alternative
Spelling—

Meaning
Twin landings.

‘Eho‘ehonui

Large pile of stones.

Ha‘alele Pa‘akai

Salt discarded or set aside.

HālalaBig, swollen, large.

Lāna‘i Boundary Commission Proceedings (1876-1891)
Manuscript of the Lāna‘i Culture & Heritage Center
Compiled by Kepā & Onaona Maly (Kumu Pono Associates LLC)

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Table 1. Place Names of Lāna‘i (continued)
Place Name
Hale o Lono

Halepalaoa

Honowai
Honuaula
HookioKa Ili o Lono
Ili o Lono

Kaa
19468.31 Acres
Kahea
Kahimanō(Kahemanō)
Kaholoiki

Kahue
Kaiholena

Kakaalani

KalamaCharacteristic/Feature
An ancient heiau on the
coast, that marks theboundary between Paomai
and Kaa.
An inlet and village on thewindward shore of Lanai,
which marks the boundary
between Pawili andKaohai Ahupuaa.
A village site in Paomai,
east of Awalua.
A village site in Paomai,
east of Awalua.
Gulch that crosses the
Maunalei-Kalulu boundary.
Site of an ancient heiau,
near the former house siteof Papalua. Situated on
the boundary between
Kalulu and Kamoku
Ahupuaa.
An ahupuaa of Lanai, on
the northwest-facing sideof the island.
Site of an old heiau in
Pawili Ahupuaa.
Site of a coconut grove
and village on shore of
KaohaiA ridge along the lower
boundary of Maunalei and
Mahana.
A village site in Paomai,
east of Awalua.
A water hole and valley on
the leeward side of theisland. The valley crossed
from Kalulu into Kamoku
Ahupuaa.
A place situated along theboundary of Mahana andPaomai, having been
identified as the “crest of
the watershed;” and about
500 feet N.W. of Keoni’s
house.
An ili of Kamoku Ahupuaa.

Alternative
Spelling—

Meaning
House of the god Lono.

—

Whale house.

—

Fresh water cove.

Honua‘ula

Red earthHo‘okio

To whistle.

Ka ‘Ili o Lono

The land division of the god
Lono.

Ka‘ā

The burning or rocky area.

Kāhe‘aRed streaks, bloody.

Kahemanō

Shark channel (causeway).

Kāholoiki

The little runner.

—

The gourd.

—

The yellow interior (a native
banana).

Kaka‘alani

Rolling, turning over theheavens.

—

The torch (light).

Lāna‘i Boundary Commission Proceedings (1876-1891)
Manuscript of the Lāna‘i Culture & Heritage Center
Compiled by Kepā & Onaona Maly (Kumu Pono Associates LLC)

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Table 1. Place Names of Lāna‘i (continued)
Place Name
KaluanuiKalulu5945.19 Acres

Kamao
2715.1 Acres
Kamoku8291.09 Acres
KanaeleKanepuu

Kaniuau(Kaneuwau)

Kaohai
9677.22 Acres
Kapalaoa

KapanoKa Pohaku Ahi
Pohaku Ahi

KauheeKekauhee
Kauhe

Characteristic/Feature
Situated on the boundary
between Kealia Kapu andKealia Aupuni (in thebasin).
An ahupuaa of Lanai, oneof three which crosses
from the leeward towindward side of theisland.
Kalulu Valley, situatedwithin the windward
portion of Kalulu.
An ahupuaa of Lanai, on
its leeward side.
An ahupuaa of Lanai, on
its leeward side.
A village site in Paomai,
east of Awalua.
“A commanding hill N.W.
of the central plain, which
was selected for a primarytriangulation station;” In
the ahupuaa of Kaa.
A hill on the mauka slopes
along the boundary of
Kaohai and Kamao
Ahupuaa.
An Ahupuaa on the southeastern side of Lanai
One of the old village sites
along the shore of Kealia
Kapu.
A valley land which forms
a boundary between
Kamoku and Kalulu
Ahupuaa.
An area along a gulchnear the upper boundaryof Paomai and Mahana(near the divide between
Paomai and Mahanagulches).
A point on the between
Kealia Kapu and Kaunolu,
where the gulch enters the
Palawai Crater.

Alternative
Spelling—

Meaning
The big pit.

—

The sheltered place.

Kama‘o—The ma‘o (Gossypium
sandvicense) plants.
The district of land.

—

The rocky crevices.

Kānepu‘uHill of the god Kāne.

Kani‘ua‘u(mistakenly
written
Kaneuwau)Ka‘ōhai

Moaning of the ‘ua‘u (‘uwa‘u)birds (the dark rumped petrel).

—The ‘ōhai (Sesbania
tomentosa) plant.
The whale (ivory).

—

The darkness or unknown(descriptive of fog and cloud
cover).

Ka Pōhaku Ahi

The fire stone.

Kauhe

Step and slide(interpretive).

Lāna‘i Boundary Commission Proceedings (1876-1891)
Manuscript of the Lāna‘i Culture & Heritage Center
Compiled by Kepā & Onaona Maly (Kumu Pono Associates LLC)

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Table 1. Place Names of Lāna‘i (continued)
Place Name
Kaumalapau

Kaunolu
7869 Acres

Kaupakuea

KeaakuKealakole

Kealia Aupuni
4495.36 Acres
Kealia Kapu
(Kealiakapu)
1829 Acres
Kinokapuaa

Koele

Characteristic/Feature
The village and harborarea that forms theboundary between Kalulu
and Kamoku Ahupuaa; isan ili of Kamoku.
An ahupuaa of Lanai. Oneof three lands that crosses
the island from theleeward to windward site
Noted for the “Heiau
Kaulana o Kaunolu”(Famous Temple ofKaunolu), near theboundary of Kealia Kapu
and Kaunolu
Small ravine that marks
boundary between
Palawai and Kamao
Ahupuaa in Manele Bay.
A small ravine below
Kapano and above theedge of Palawai Crater. A
boundary point along
Kamoku and Kalulu.
Area near boundary of
Paomai and Mahana
Ahupuaa, by trail to shore,
and white house.
An ahupuaa of Lanai, on
its leeward side.
An ahupuaa in the Kona
District of Lanai.
Ridge line between
Waiakapuaa and Wahane,on Maunalei-Kalulu
boundary.
An area near the boundaryof Mahana and Kamoku
Ahupuaa, where once
stood an ahupuaa (stonemarker where tribute asoffered).

Alternative
Spelling
Kaumālapa‘uMeaning(Descriptive of a planting areathat requires much work to
produce a crop.)

Kaunolū(meaning uncertain)—

Ridge pole of a house.

Ke‘a‘akū

The brave, upright one(interpretive).

—

Red earth path.

Keālia Aupuni

The salt beds of thegovernment.
The sacred/restricted saltbeds.

Keālia Kapu
Kinokapua‘a

The pigs body.

Kō‘eleDarkness born upon the wind(int.)
Describing the dark mist born
down into the region of theupper mountain range.

“Appr. Elevation of thewater shed near the roadfrom Maunalei to Kamoku= 1750ft.”

Lāna‘i Boundary Commission Proceedings (1876-1891)
Manuscript of the Lāna‘i Culture & Heritage Center
Compiled by Kepā & Onaona Maly (Kumu Pono Associates LLC)

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Table 1. Place Names of Lāna‘i (continued)
Place Name
KoloikiKuahuluaiki

Kuahuluanui

Kuanaipu

Lae Paakai

Lae wahie
Ka Lae o ka
Wahie
Lonopoko

Mahana7973.37
Maiaele

Makoa

MakoleMamakiManeleCharacteristic/Feature
A dividing ridge on thewest side of Maunalei
Valley.
One of the old village sites
along the shore of Kealia
Kapu.
One of the old village sites
along the shore of Kealia
Kapu.
A location between Puu
Nanaihawaii and Ili o
Lono, near the boundaryof Kalulu and Kamoku.
A large pile of stones on
the shore boundary
between Kealia Aupuni
and Palawai.
A point on the shore that
forms the boundary
between Paomai and
Mahana Ahupuaa.
A ridge along theMaunalei-Mahana
boundary, below Naio.
An ahupuaa of Lanai, on
the north-facing, windwardside of the island.
A heiau, near the shore of
Kalulu and Kaunolu. The
description places this on
the leeward (Pali Kaholo)side of the ahupuaa.
A small ravine in theeastern wall of the Palawai
Crater on the boundary
between Kealia Kapu andKealia Aupuni, near thefoot of the bench.
Place on the shore
between Kamao andKaohai Ahupuaa.
One of the old village sites
along the shore of Kealia
Kapu.
Ancient canoe landing andharbor crossed by theboundary between
Palawai and Kamao
Ahupuaa.

Alternative
Spelling—

Meaning
Little creeper (to walk bentover).
Two shrines ( the smaller
section).

—Two shrines (the bigger
section).

—

Ipu (gourds) standing up.

Lae Pa‘akai

Salt point (an area of salt
making in traditional times).

—

The firewood point (a place
where debris washes up).

—

Short Lono.

—

Warm.

Mai‘a‘ele

Black banana.

—

Fearless.

MākoleInflamed, red.

MāmakiA native tree (Pipturus spp.).

MāneleA litter or chair.

Lāna‘i Boundary Commission Proceedings (1876-1891)
Manuscript of the Lāna‘i Culture & Heritage Center
Compiled by Kepā & Onaona Maly (Kumu Pono Associates LLC)

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Table 1. Place Names of Lāna‘i (continued)
Place Name
Maunalei
3794 Acres
Mauna Umi

Naio

Oanapuka

Palawai
5897.1

Paliakoae
Palikea

Panau
Paomai9078.37 Acres
Papalahoomoe

Pawili(Paawili)
1785.8 Acres

Piliamoo
Pohakuloa

Characteristic/Feature
Ahupuaa & Valley in the
Koolau District of Lanai.
Prominent hill andtriangulation station on thekula of Kaohai Ahupuaa.
Gulch that crosses the
Maunalei-Mahana
boundary.
Arch on the boundary of
Kealia Kapu and Kealia
Aupuni.
Ahupuaa which crosses
the entire island of Lanai.
Name also given to thecrater which forms thecentral basin of the island.
A gulch where Kamao,
Kaohai and Palawai meet.
Area on the eastern sideof the ravine that marks
the boundary between
Palawai and Kamao
Ahupuaa.
Site of two houses oncoast of Paomai.
An ahupuaa of Lanai, on
the north-facing, windwardside of the island.
Gulch at the upper end of
Maunalei, along the Kalulu
boundary.
An ahupuaa of Lanai. Its
primary land is situated on
the windward side of theisland, though there is aLele (detached) portion
that extends into Palawai
Craters along theboundary of Kealia Aupuni
and Palawai. The Lele
does not extend to the sea
on the leeward side.
Location on the boundaryof Paomai Ahupuaa.
A large rock below the old
Government Road, on theboundary between Kealia
Kapu and Kaunolu.

Alternative
Spelling—

Meaning
Mountain garland.

Mauna ‘Umi
(Mauna o ‘Umi)‘Umi’s mountain.

—

The bastard sandalwood tree.

—

Opening in the rock face(arch).

PālāwaiFresh water moss.

Paliakoa‘e

Cliff of the tropic bird.

—

White cliff.

Pānau

To move up and down (as thesea).
Sick Pao (reportedly a
traditional resident of Lāna‘i).

Paoma‘i

Pāpalaho‘omoe

Prostrate pāpala
(Charpentiera) tree.

PāwiliBlow and twist (lit.)
Descriptive of the buffeting
winds.
In some instances, in early
written form, occurrence of twoof the same vowels indicatedlengthened sound inpronunciation (like a macron).

Piliamo‘oCling like a lizard.

Pōhakuloa

Long stone.

Lāna‘i Boundary Commission Proceedings (1876-1891)
Manuscript of the Lāna‘i Culture & Heritage Center
Compiled by Kepā & Onaona Maly (Kumu Pono Associates LLC)

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Table 1. Place Names of Lāna‘i (continued)
Place Name
Pohakuloa

Pohaku Pukapuka
Pohakupukapuka

PohoulaPulehuloa

Puu Alii

Puu Kauwela

Puu Mahanalua
Puu Makani

Puu Manu

Puu Nanaihawaii

Characteristic/Feature
A sandy hill on theboundary between Paomai
and Kaa Ahupuaa.
Kapuniai’s house wassituated along gulch above
here.
Stone situated on thebench, that marked theahupuaa boundary
between Kealia Kapu andKealia Aupuni. Place
where in ancient times
tribute was collected.
Situated near boundary
between Paomai and
Mahana Ahupuaa. “At its
foot was the generalburying ground for thispart of Lanai in ancient
times.”
Bank that forms a northernwall of Palawai Crater,near the Kalulu-Kamoku
boundary. Not far from
Keliihananui’s house.
A high hill on the leeward
side of the island, divided
between Kalulu andKaunolu Ahupuaa.
A hill along the boundary
between Paomai and
Mahana Ahupuaa.
Hills in uplands of Kamao
Ahupuaa.
A hill on the mauka
slopes, of Kamao
Ahupuaa. An ancientburying place.
A hill at about the 2070foot elevation in Kaohai
Ahupuaa. One of the
Triangulation Stations
references by thesurveyors.
A hill on the plains, near
the Kamoku-Kalulu
Ahupuaa boundary.

Alternative
Spelling
Pōhakuloa

Meaning
The long stone.

PōhakuPukapuka

Stone with holes in it.

Poho‘ula

Red hollow or depression.

Pūlehuloa

To broil (cook) for a long time.

Pu‘u Ali‘i

Chiefly or Royal hill.

Pu‘u Kauwela

Summer hill; Hill of the hot
season.

Pu‘u Mahanalua

Twin peaks.

Pu‘u Makani

Wind Hill.

Pu‘u Manu

Bird hill.

Pu‘u Nānā i
Hawai‘i

Hill from which to look to
Hawai‘i.

Lāna‘i Boundary Commission Proceedings (1876-1891)
Manuscript of the Lāna‘i Culture & Heritage Center
Compiled by Kepā & Onaona Maly (Kumu Pono Associates LLC)

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Table 1. Place Names of Lāna‘i (continued)
Place Name
Puu NenePuukukai
PukukaiPuupanePuupehePuu Ulaula

WahaneUahaneWaiakaahu

Waiakaiole(Waiakiole)

Waiakapuaa
Waiakapua

Waiakeakuaiki

Waiakeakuanui

Waiaopae
Waiopae

Characteristic/Feature
A hill near the boundary
between Kalulu andKamoku Ahupuaa,
between Kapano andKaiholena.
Hill on the western edge of
Hookio-Maunalei
boundary.
A hill near the boundary
between Kamoku andKalulu Ahupuaa, above
Kapano.
Islet and cove on leeward
coast of Palawai Ahupuaa.
Hill along the KaluluKaunolu boundary, where
was situated a sheep pen
belonging to Maakuia at
the time of survey.
Summit of hill near top of
Maunalei-Kalulu boundary.
Spring and branch of themain gulch between
Kealia Kapu and Kaunolu.
A gulch that forms part ofthe boundary between
Palawai and Kealia
Aupuni.
Gulch that runs along theboundary of Maunalei andKalulu. In the uplands, aspring, from which
Wahane is the next upland
marker.
Spring and branch of agulch the runs from
Kaohai into Palawai
Ahupuaa.
Spring and branch of agulch the runs from
Kaohai into Palawai
Ahupuaa.
Boundary between
Palawai and Pawili
Ahupuaa, on the windward
shore of Lanai.

Alternative
SpellingPu‘u Nēnē

Meaning
Goose hill.

Pu‘ukūka‘i

Hill upon which guards areposted.

Pu‘upane

Top of a hill.

Pu‘u PeheHill of Pehe.

Pu‘u ‘Ula‘ula

Red Hill.

WāhaneWaiaka‘ahu

Seed of the loulu palm(cf. hāwane).
Spring of the altar.

Waiaka‘iole

Spring of the rat.

Waiakapua‘a

Waterhole made by the pigs.

—

Water of the gods (smaller
section).

—Water of the gods (larger
section).

Waia‘ōpae

Spring of shrimp.

Lāna‘i Boundary Commission Proceedings (1876-1891)
Manuscript of the Lāna‘i Culture & Heritage Center
Compiled by Kepā & Onaona Maly (Kumu Pono Associates LLC)

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Table 1. Place Names of Lāna‘i (continued)
Place Name
Waiapaa

Waikekee

Wawaeku

Characteristic/Feature
A gulch that adjoins
Waiakaiole and forms alower part of the PalawaiKealia Aupuni boundary.
The principle watering
place of the region.
A part of the gulch below
Waiapaa and Koi, which
drains into the crater.
Conspicuous hill onboundary of Maunalei andKalulu.

Alternative
Spelling
Waiapa‘aMeaning
Steady spring (water always
present).

Waikeke‘eTwisted water.

WāwaekūFoot print.

Below (Table 2) are the names of native residents and witnesses on Lāna‘i boundaries, most being
present for surveys taken between 1876 to 1877.

Table 2. Names of Native Residents of Lāna‘i and
Witnesses to Surveyors (1876-1877)
Hoa
Kaaiai
Kahikanaka
Kaka
Kamai
Kapuniai
Kauakipoolapa
KauneleKawaaiki
Kawaonahele
Kealaiki
Kealakaa
Keliihananui

Keliihue
LauaoleM. Nalekipi
Mika
Nahuina
Ohua
Pali
Pane (Fanny Kekelaokalani Young)
Papalua
PuupaiSamuelaWalter M. Gibson

Lāna‘i: Communications of the Interior Department and Surveyors
The letters below (from the collection of the Hawai‘i State Archives), are representative of thecommunications from the Interior and Survey Departments, documenting the process leading up andconducting surveys on the island of Lāna‘i. One interesting point found in the letters is that Surveyor,
M.D. Monsarrat encountered trouble with several native informants on Lāna‘i. A fact which heattributed to the influence of Walter Murray Gibson.
Lahaina 2nd Nov. 1866
P. Nahaolelua; to G.M. Robertson, Boundary Commissioner:
Ke waiho aku nei au ia oe i kahi palapala ma ka inoa o Fanny Kekela no kona mau aina iloaa ma ka “Palapala Hooko” Ahupuaa. Eia na inoa:
Maunalei i Lanai...
Lāna‘i Boundary Commission Proceedings (1876-1891)
Manuscript of the Lāna‘i Culture & Heritage Center
Compiled by Kepā & Onaona Maly (Kumu Pono Associates LLC)

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...E hooponopono ia keia mau aina i ka wa kupono... [Hawai‘i State Archives, Interior
Department Lands]
I set before you a letter in the name of Fanny Kekela, pertaining to the lands
awarded to her as Ahupuaa. Here are the names:
Maunalei on Lanai…
Certify these lands when time permits… [Maly, translator]
Honolulu. 31st, Dec. 1866
G.M. Robertson, Commissioner of Boundaries;
to His Excellency The Minister of the Interior:...An application has been filed with me, on behalf of Madame Fanny Young Kekela, forthe settlement of the boundaries of the Ahupuaa of “Maunalei,” on the island of Lanai,
which, I am informed, joins a land called “Kalulu,” belonging to the government.
A survey of “Maunalei” has been deposited in my office to which I invite your earlyattention... [Hawai‘i State Archives, Interior Department Boundary Commission, Box 4]
Palawai, Lanai.
May 26, 1877
M.D. Monsarrat (Surveyor); to W.D. Alexander (Surveyor General):...We arrived all safe last Wednesday evening.
Thursday, I sent for Papalua to come and show me the boundary between Kalulu &Kanolu [Kaunolu] but he did not come so I went for him and Kakā yesterday. Kakā I
found, who said that he did not know any thing about any boundaries except Kealiakapu
which is a lie, as he pointed out the upper part of Palawai to you, Mr. Gibson & myself,
which he now denies. Papalua, I did not find as he had started for the beach. This
morning I sent Kupele who found Kakā & Papalua. The latter said he did not know any
thing about Kalulu, Kaunolu or Kamoku. Which is also a lie.
Kahikana[ka] I have sent for twice, but he has not come and is stopping at Manali[Manele].
Keliihue the widow of Nahuina (who showed us Kamoku boundary and part of Kalulu), I
interviewed last Thursday, and she now pretends not to know much about anything. I
think the trouble is that Mr. Gibson has had trouble with them by saying that they did not
point out the boundaries right to us.
The boundary between Kalulu to Kaunolu I know where it strikes the sea and a shortdistance up to the sheep pen on Puu Ulaula also the point on the mountain called Puu
Alii. Palawai I also know in a general way from what was pointed out to us and from thenotes that you took while going around with the kamaainas. I suppose if worst came toworst, I could survey them, or you on the part of the Government, and Mr. Gibson for
himself, could fix on a boundary.
I have come to the conclusion that the natives of Lanai are a mean crowd. It is really too
bad that I should lose two days humbuging with Kamaainas. I have had a horse saddled
and will go and see them now and try and arrange matters with them. I expect they are allfrightened with Capt. Gibson. I have never known Kamaainas to act in this way before as
Lāna‘i Boundary Commission Proceedings (1876-1891)
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they are generally very willing to come. But when I surveyed Kealiakapu, Kaka hung backa good while before coming, and Papalua said that I would tell him he lied if he showedme the boundary. I think though I can make some arrangement with them by talking
smooth and offering them some thing for their trouble. After I see them, I will write and let
you know how matters stand.
Don’t you think we could make them come by getting an order from the Governor tellingthem to come. Hoping to hear from you soon... [Hawai‘i State Archives, DAGS 6 Box 1 –Survey]Palawai, Lanai.
June 2, 1877
M.D. Monsarrat (Surveyor); to W.D. Alexander (Surveyor General):
Since writing my last letter I have found an old Kamaaina by the name of Pali who has
been absent for some time. He gives his age at ninety-nine and is pretty helpless as I had
to lift him off and on his horse. I could not get him to come for less than two dollars a day,but I think that he is worth it as he seems to be very honest. He puts Kamoku boundary
the same as Keliihue and not wrongly as Papalua did.
I have surveyed Kaunolu boundary on this side of the mountain, also both sides of
Palawai from the top of the mountain to the South wall of Palawai crater from there to thesea. I will leave until I return from the other side of the mountain, where I intend starting
early Monday morning. Don’t you think that I had better survey the boundary between thegovernment land of Kamao and Kaohai which is very short and will survey with Paawili on
the upper side of the island to Palawai from a survey of Kaohai. I have started to carry aset of triangles around from Puu Manu to Halepalaoa and find that it can be done withlittle effort and few triangles. When I was in Lahaina Mr. Gibson spoke of having me stophere and complete the survey of the island as he is very anxious for a map.
It is beginning to get very dry here and water scarce. Potatoes are also very scarce andexpensive. Pai ai are a dollar apiece in Lahaina now having jumped from seventy-five
cents since I came over. Mika the cross-eyed chap is very lazy and not worth any thing. A
few nights ago I slept in a cave at the beach while at work on Kaunolu and made Mika
lead the pack telling him to follow us, but instead he wandered off and I had to send theother native after him & the consequence was that we did not have supper until 9 P.M.
which is a long stretch from 7 A.M.
I spoke to him and asked him why he did not come along with us and he answered that
he did not want to be following behind us. If I send him to set a flag, he does it and thenlays down and goes to sleep by it instead of returning to where we are at work. Kealaiki isa good man and works hard. I think that we will have a pretty hard time on the upper sideof the island as food, water, & pasturage is scarce.
I would like you to send me by the first opportunity a kuleana book, also some of thatchick fools cap for writing notes of survey in & some letter paper. I would also like verymuch to have the Planimeter to work up areas with, that is if you can possibly spare it.
As soon as I finish Kaunolu I will send you the notes of survey as the minister of interior isvery anxious to get them. Mr. Gibson is going to start his men shearing at Palawai in a
few day[s]. Hoping to hear from you soon. I remain yours…
P.S. Will you please send me half a yard or so of that uncloth backed drawing paper the
58-inch wide? [Hawai‘i State Archives, DAGS 6 Box 1 – Survey]
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Lahaina. Aug. 31st, 1877.
Office of the Governor of Maui
D. Mamaki, Clerk of the Maui Commissioner; toChas. T. Gulick, Clerk of the Minister of the Interior:...Ua kauohaia mai ae e ke Komisina Palanea Aina o Maui, e pane aku no kau leta o ka la
27 o Aug nei, e pili ana no ka hooko ana i ka makemake o ka Pauku 1 o ka Mokuna II oke Kanawai o A.D. 1876.
Ua hooholo ke Komisina Palena Aina i na palena o Kealiakapu, aina ma Lanai no W.M.
Gibson a me ke Ahupuaa o Opana ma Hamakua no Ailuene Harbottle by S.B. Dole konaloio, a ua hoounaia aku na Kope o ka olelo Hooholo oia mau aina i ke Kuhina Kalaiaina, elike me ka olelo a ua Kanawai la, oia wale no na aina i Hooholo ia na Palena o keia
Komisina. A o na olelo hooholo oia ke Komisina mua Jno. M. Kapena ua manao keia
Komisina, ua hala e paha ka manawa.
Koe wale no aole paha i hoouna pu ia aku me ka Bila no ia mau olelo Hooholo i elike me
ka Pauku 2 o ua Kanawai la...
D. Mamaki [HSA, Interior Department, Lands]...The Boundary Commissioner of Maui has directed a reply to your letter of the27th day of Aug. inst., in regard to the carrying out of the provision of Section 1 ofChapter II of the Laws of A.D. 1876.
The Boundary Commissioner settled the boundaries of Kealiakapu, a land at
Lanai, for W.M. Gibson, and the Ahupuaa of Opana, at Hamakua [Maui], forAiluene Harbottle, through S.B. Dole, his attorney, and copies of the judgments
concerning those lands were sent to the Minister of the Interior in accordance withthe provisions of said law. They are the only lands for which the boundaries havebeen settled, by this Commissioner. And the judgments by the former
Commissioner, Jno. M. Kapena. This Commissioner believes that the time has
elapsed.
It might be that the Bill for those actions were not sent as required in Section 2 ofsaid Law... D. Mamaki.

Lāna‘i Testimonies and Survey Notes (1876)
In the period between 1876-1877, William D. Alexander (Surveyor General), M.D. Monsarrat(Assistant Surveyor), J.F. Brown and party surveyed the entire island of Lāna‘i, traveling with elder
native tenants. Alexander’s field book (Register Book No. 153; copied from the collection of the State
Survey Division), covering late March and early April 1876, contains his notes, compiled throughinterviews and field work. The book provides readers of the present day, with glimpses into the culturaland natural landscape of Lāna‘i, and identifies several elder informants on Lāna‘i. Of particularimportance is documentation of traditional sites—such as heiau, areas of residence, burial sites,
shrines, former ua‘u nesting grounds, and trails. In the record are also found a number of place
names and descriptions of features not mentioned in other documentary sources.
Unfortunately, few of the narratives recorded in Register Book No. 153 made it into the formal
proceedings and documents of certification authorized by the Boundary Commission. The court
proceedings focused on metes and bounds, relying on the authenticity and accuracy of the
Lāna‘i Boundary Commission Proceedings (1876-1891)
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documentation provided by the surveyors. Thus, the notes copied verbatim from Register Book No.
153, provide us with the background as to how the boundaries were determined, and the identify
significant cultural resources of Lāna‘i.

LANAI (Memo.)
W.D. Alexander
1875-76
Register Book No. 1531
Notes on Lanai Boundaries
At Halepalaoa March 28th, ‘76.
Hoa, an old Kamaaina states that the boundary between Kaohai and Paawili begins at the
inlet of the sea a little south of the Church, & thence follows the bottom of the kahawai tothe top of the mountain.
Kaumalapau & Kalama are both Ilis of Kamoku. Three lands run across from sea to sea,viz., Palawai, Kalulu, & Kaunolu.
Kalulu includes most of the mountain ridge, i.e., wherein the ua‘u birds were found inancient times.
Bearings with Prismatic Compass
Lahaina MillE end Molokai
Haleakala Sta.
Kahoolawe
Trend of Shore to Northward
Red Hill inland

61º
5º
88º
129 ¾ º319º
249º [page 14]

March 29, ‘76
Samuela of Halepalaoa, states that the boundary between Paawili & Palawai begins at asmall inlet of the sea, a few rods, perhaps 20 rods, south of the Palawai fishpond, at aplace called Waiaopae.
Former testimony acc. to Capt. Gibson located the boundary at a clump of lauhala trees
at Kahea north of an old heiau. From Waiopae, acc. to Samuela, it follows a ridge
between two gulches to near a prominent red bluff & then turns to the left, up a deep
valley till it meets Kaohai.
Nalekipi, son of Kaunele, states that the boundary between Palawai & Paawili is at
Kawaiaopae as above, & the boundary between Palawai & Kaunolu is at a pt. about 1000
ft., N of the 2nd fishpond in Palawai, near the head of a drain, about 200 yards S of thehamlet of Kaa, near a trig station of the Govt. Survey, & thence the boundary runs straightup the ridge along a travelled north to the top of the mountain. [page 15]

1

Note: Pages 1-13 in this book contain memos and maps of land holdings at Nuuanu, Oahu. Lanai notes begin at
page 14. Alexander also uses macron accents on certain place and people names as indicated in the citations
here.
Lāna‘i Boundary Commission Proceedings (1876-1891)
Manuscript of the Lāna‘i Culture & Heritage Center
14
Compiled by Kepā & Onaona Maly (Kumu Pono Associates LLC)

March 30, ‘76
M. Nalekipi deposeth further that boundary between Kaunolu & Kalulu begins at the sea
near the south side of the entrance to the valley of Kalulu, & thence follows the edge ofthe pali on the south side of the great gulch of Kalulu to the top of the mountain.
The boundary between Kalulu & Maunalei has been settled by Mayor’s survey, & begins
at a small enclosed house lot 30 ft. S of a small creek & runs to a rounded conspicuous
hill known as Wawaeku.
Kawaaiki, name of Mayor’s guide
Bearings with Prismatic Compass at M.lei village.
Red Bluff back of Paawili
151 ½ °
Lahaina85°
Haleakala97°
Wawaeku
171 ½ °
El. by Aneroid 1000 ft.
Mauna Loa, W. Molokai
300 ½ °
Kamaloo
348° [page 16]
Bearings with Prismatic Compass from Wawaeku.
House on shore at boundary between
Kalulu & this land bears
338° {24° 356° 187° about}
House at Maunalei Village
311°
Uahane bluff pt. back of Paawili
91°
N. extremity W. Maui
Kapuniai states that at a place called Ka Lae o Kawahie, the boundary between Mahana& Paomai begins at a row of large rocks & runs directly inland. He also state that Ioba
Kahema once surveyed the land of Mahana.
Names of hamlets in Paomai:
Panau, two wooden houses 2 miles E of Awalua
Honowai ½ mile E of Awalua
Kanaele 1 ½ mile E of Awalua
Honuaula 3 miles E of Awalua
Kahue 3 miles E of Awalua
Ka Lae o Kawahie 4 miles E of Awalua [page 17]
Bearings with Prismatic Compass:
From Awalua Village
Leahi not visible today
Mauna Loa on Molokai
Round Hill on Molokai
Kalae on Molokai

320°
296 ½ °
348 ½ °March 31st
Old Kamai states that the boundary between Paomai & Kaa begins at a heiau called Haleo Lono about a mile West of Awalua. He confirms the statement that Ioba surveyed
Paomai for Kanaina in the reign of K. IV. His father Lauaole was Ioba’s guide. They assert
Lāna‘i Boundary Commission Proceedings (1876-1891)
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that Paomai takes the strip of sand beach about 200 ft. wide from Hale o Lono to Pohaku
Loa, & the adjacent fishery. Pohaku Loa is about a mile East of Awalua, a large rock &row of rocks. From Ka Lae o Kawahie, the boundary between Mahana & Paomai, runs
tolerably straight inland a little east of the Paomai gulch, [page 18] coinciding with a roadmost of the way. It turns a little to the west around the head of the Paomai gulch & along anarrow ridge between the head of Paomai gulch & that branch of Maunalei which belongs
to Mahana.
At a point where the latter gulch divides into two branches called “Ka Pohaku Ahi,” theboundary crosses and runs up to the top of the mountain, till it meets Kalulu.
The other side of Mahana is bounded by the sea and by the Maunalei line which was
surveyed by Mayor & settled by Judge Robertson.
The boundary between Paomai and Kaa, after following the top of the sand beach fromHale o Lono eastward to Pohaku Loa turns inland and runs straight for a small gulch near
Kapuniai’s house. [page 19]
From Kapuniai’s house, the line follows the foot of a line of bluffs, sending off a branch tothe sea on the west between Kaa and Kamoku. It grows narrower towards the south andforms a narrow strip between Kamoku and Mahana as mentioned before. One of its
landmarks is an ahupuaa [stone marker where tribute was paid in ancient times] near
Koele, at foot of the encircling ridge near the mouth of a small ravine.
April 1.
Appr. Elevation of the water shed near the road from Maunalei to Kamoku = 1750 ft.
Appr. Elevation of the Koele station 1550 ft.
Kealakaa states that the boundary line between Kaa and Paomai after leaving Kapuniai’s
house, strikes the edge of the encircling line of bluffs about 500 ft. N.W. of Keoni’s houseon the [page 20] crest of the water shed, at a place called Kakaalani. Thence the line
descends a transverse ridge to S.W., marked by two or three large rocks, to the central
plain. Thence it runs straight Southwesterly to the head of a ravine which separates Kaafrom Kamoku. According to ancient tradition the bottom of this ravine to the sea belonged
to Paomai.
A stone was pointed out on a low ridge at about the middle of this line, as one of Ioba’smarks.
A commanding hill N.W. of the central plain, which was selected for a primary trig. station,is called Kanepu [Kanepuu].
The boundary between Paomai & Kamoku begins at the west, at the head of the ravine...
[page 21]...Paomai Boundary which separates Kaa from Kamoku. In Makalena’s [survey], hecommenced here at a house site. The line then runs S.E. nearly straight to the ahupuaa
before mentioned near Koele. One of Makalena’s stations was a house site on a risingground about half way, where there is a group, or clump of rocks.
The name of the square red bluff in the encircling ridge, a little S. of Kakaalani, isPohoula. At its foot was the general burying ground for this part of Lanai in ancient times.
Lāna‘i Boundary Commission Proceedings (1876-1891)
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From the above mentioned ahupuaa, the boundary between Paomai & Kamoku runs up asmall ravine to the top of the dividing ridge. It then follows the [page 22 2] edge of the paliround to the main branch of the Mahana gulch & thence returns to the northward along
the west side of that gulch to Pohaku ahi mentioned above.
The Mahana gulch, which is a branch of the Maunalei valley, & the Kamoku gulch whichturns to the westward, are separated by a narrow ridge which is nearly broken down at the
point when the latter gulch makes a bend at right angles to the westward. Paomai
properly should not extend to the south beyond this point. The ancient tradition, however,
was that it continued as a narrow path between Mahana & Kamoku as far as Kalulu &even to Kaohai.
Mem. The Mahana gulch has four branches which all drain into the Maunalei valley.
There are two gulches which drain to the westward, the larger & western one which
belongs to Kamoku, having the name of Kaiholena.
April 3rd. 76. Monday.
Keliihue widow of Nahuina, was born on Kalulu, & testifies that the boundary between
Kalulu and Kamoku comes down from a hill known as Puunene down the North bank of
the Kapano valley to the Govt. road, passing near Kawaonahele’s house, keeping straighton across a side ravine coming in from the north, called Keaakū, to the top of the northwall of the Palawai crater at a place called Pulehuloa, near Keliihananui’s house. [page22]
KamokuThence it skirts to the northwestern slope of the crater till it meets the old road to the sea,
which it follows down to Kaumalapau Harbor.
Papalua another old resident agrees with the above in the main, but declares that from
Pulehuloa the boundary runs to a rocky eminence called Puu Nanaihawaii, where he saysthat Makalena set up his compass.
From thence he says it runs to the site of an old heiau called Ka Ili o Lono, near which
Papalua’s house formerly stood, near the present road. Kaaiai, an old kamaaina, insane
however, points out a pile of rocks nearly on a line between these two points called
Kuanaipu, to which he says he guided Makalena.
From the Ili o Lono the line follows the old road to the... [page 23]...neighborhood of Kaumalapau Harbor. The whole of the harbor belongs to Kamoku.
Starting from the edge of the pali on the south side of the harbor, the line follows the ridgeon the south side of Kaumalapau ravine till it meets the old road.
Kalulu & Kaunolu
The boundary between Kalulu & Kaunolū begins at a small hill north of the heiau of
Maiaele near the shore, & passes a little south of the sheep pen at Puu Ulaula, at somerocks in the path.

2

Page 22. Note: handwritten page numbering in Register Book is out of order; number 22 is repeated in thesequence of page numbers.
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The boundary between Kaunolū & Kealia Kapu, begins at the sea at a Kapu rock south of
the great heiau, & follows up the centre of the Kaunolū gulch.
Names of villages on the shore of Kealia Kapu were Kapalaoa, Mamaki, Kuahulua nui &Kuahulua iki. [page 24]
Kealia Kapu
The boundary between Kealia Kapu and Kealia Aupuni was pointed out by Papalua andKakā as follows:
It begins at Oanapuka on the west side of a deep rocky gulch near the shore, & follows
said gulch to its termination.
It then passes a few rods to the S. of a large clump of ulei bushes to an old house site,near a stone, & some marked prickly pears, & nearly in a straight line to the site of
Kauakipoolapa’s house near the margin of the Palawai crater. Thence down the slope
past Papalua’s house & across the crater, passing north of a clump of cactus on the Kapu
or accursed ground. [page 25]
Kealia Kapu & Kealia Aupuni
April 4th.
Kakā testifies that the boundary between Kealia Kapu & Kealia Aupuni continues from thelast-named point across the crater to a large rock on the north side of a small ravine in theeastern wall of the crater in a locality named Makoa. Thence the line ascends to theterrace or “honua” above, & follows a path to a large rock called Pohaku Pukapuka, which
was an ahupuaa [marker of land division boundary where tribute was taken]. Thence it
follows the path in the same direction to edge of a deep ravine that runs along the foot of
the central mountain ridge, to north curving to the west. It crosses this ravine & ascends
the great pali to the summit, along a certain ridge pointed out by the guide. The third ridgeto the left of this is the boundary... [page 26]
Kealia Kapu & Kaunolu...between Kaunolu & Kealia Kapu.
The branches of the deep ravine above mentioned are Waiakeakua nui, Waiakeakua iki& Waiakaahu towards the S.E. The boundary between Kaunolu & Kealia Kapu comes
down a more northerly branch which meets the deep ravine above mentioned somedistance to the west. It then follows down the main Kaunolū gulch which is formed by theirjunction x that of a third ravine from the N.E., and at the foot of the terrace where it enters
the crater is called the Kauhee gulch. A large rock is shown just below the Govt. road,where Makalena set his compass. From this rock Pohakuloa, the line runs straight acrossthe crater to a point a little N, of a white house, belonging to Ohua. Thence to head of thegulch which reaches the sea near the heiau. [page 27]
Palawai
According to Kaka’s testimony, the North boundary of Palawai crosses the mountain at its
highest point & descends a precipitous ridge into the Waiakiole [Waiakaiole] gulch which
it follows down, meeting first the Waiapaa gulch on the north which contains the principle
Lāna‘i Boundary Commission Proceedings (1876-1891)
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watering place, below the junction being called the Koi gulch, and then near the edge ofthe terrace (where it debauches into the crater), the Waikekee gulch, both belonging to
Kealia Kapu. A large rock on the N. side of the gulch at its entrance, & another a few
yards south of the wall of a Kuleana, where Makalena set his compass, were pointed out.
Thence the north west line of Palawai runs straight across the crater to an old house site,near Puupai’s house.
(Here Kaka’s evidence closes) [page 28]
Palawai
Kahikanaka, an honest old kamaaina, says the small Govt. land of Paawili adjoins
Palawai in the crater, but does not extend any distance down the slope towards the sea.
From the last mentioned point the line turns more to the south along Kealia Aupuni, tosome large rocks in a hollow, called Ehoehonui. Thence it follows this ravine over a milein a straight line, but leaves it near the sea, where it (the ravine) makes a bend to thewest, & continues in the same direction straight to certain rocks on the shore, at Lae
Paakai. The island off Manele is called Puu Pehe.
The N.E. boundary of Palawai begins at the middle of the harbor a little north of the mouthof the Kaupakuea creek, runs west to the old road, & follows it up... [page 29]...in a northerly direction along the west side of the ravine.
Palawai & Makao [Kamao] (F.E. Harvey, 1903)
The ravine belongs to Makao [Kamao]. The range of hills east of the ravine is called
Palikea, & the twin summits at the northern end, Puu Mahanalua.
The boundary between Palawai & Kamao opposite this hill turns a little to the right andcrosses the S. wall of the crater about 500 ft. west of a stone sheep pen. Thence it runs
straight across the crater, mostly along a road to a clump of hau in the entrance ofPaliakoae gulch. Here ends the adjoining land of Kamao, & Kaohai begins.
The Palawai line continues up this gulch, leaving the Waiakeakua spring on the east side,& follows up a... [page 30]
Kahikanaka’s Testimony...ridge to the summit at a depression in the mountain ridge near the water hole called
Haalele Paakai.
Kamao includes all the remainder of the flat in the eastern part of the crater. The slopes &terrace above on that side belong to Kaohai. The boundary of Kamao skirts the foot of theslope on the N.E. side, & includes the rocky hills of Kaniua‘u & Puu Makani on the S.E.
side, the latter of which is an ancient burying place. It then runs to a place on the shorecalled Makole.
Mem. The high hill of Puu Alii is divided between Kalulu & Kaunolū. [page 31]
Azimuths at Puu Manu with Prismatic Compass. N = 0º

Lāna‘i Boundary Commission Proceedings (1876-1891)
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Kahoolawe Sta.
OloaluMt. Ball [Paupau]
ManeleMaiaeleKanepū [Kanepuu]
Poho‘ula
Puu Alii
SummitPalawai Ranch
Haleakala

116º
66º
52º
196º
250º
299º
312º
322º
345º
296º
85º

Kahimanō [Kahemanō] the coconut grove.
Mauna Umi = trig. Station near it.
Azimuths at Kaunolu [diagram of Triangle with dot in middle] Sta. Pr. Compass
Wawaeku
OloaluKahoolawe
Black Rock
Mauna Loa Mol.

270º
87º
Not visible
54 ½ º305 ½ º [page 32][page 33 – blank][Entry from W.D. Alexander’s Register Book No. 153, copied from old survey by Ed.
Mayor, 1859 (unnumbered pages):]
Notes of Survey of Maunalei on the island of Lanai
made for and on account of H.R.H. Fanny Kekela Young.
Commencing at stake on N.E. corner of Land at its junction with Kalulu at high water mark
½ chain to Eastward of small creek and running S. 21º 20’ W. 160 ch. to stake on
Eastern shoulder of hill called Wawaeku.
Thence S. 1º E. 122 ch. across gulch of Waiakapua to summit of hill called Wahane.
Thence skirting northern edge of gulch called Papalahoomoe to its junction with Maunalei,
which gulch it crosses at right angles and descending gulch of Hookio crosses to hillcalled Pukukai [Puu Kukai]. Thence N. 65º 30’ W. 76 ch. to stake on bluff of red earth
called Naio along Mahana. Thence N. 14º E. 316.75 ch. along ridge of Naio andLonopoko to its junction with gulch of Maunalei at the Lapa of Kaholoiki. Thence following
along bottom of gulch to the sea at Holohana’s stones, a little below high-water mark.
Thence following high water mark to place of commencement and containing an Area of3442.38 Acres more or less.
Ed. Mayor
Surveyor
Lahaina, July 25th, 1859.
Local Names.
On Paomai boundary [circle with dot] is at a place called “Piliamoo.”
Dividing ridge in Maunalei Valley is called “Koloiki.”

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Paomai [circle with dot] 3 near white house is “Kealakole.”[circle with dot] NE at Kamaainas “Puu Kauwela.”[circle with dot] on road “Halala.”
Kaiholena. [unnumbered pages]

Boundary Commission Records and Certificates for Lāna‘i
Typically, the ahupua‘a brought before the commissioners for certification of boundaries were only
those which were privately owned. Government and Crown lands were infrequently decided in thisforum. On Lāna‘i, however, all thirteen ahupua‘a (5 private holdings, and 8 Crown or Government
holdings) were certified by the Commissioners of the Maui (2nd) Judicial Circuit.
The entire collection of records of the Boundary Commission—the applications for certification ofboundaries, testimonies of kama‘āina and surveyors, metes and bounds, and proceeding notes—,covering thirteen ahupua‘a and one lele on Lāna‘i are presented below. The documents are presented
in the order recorded (lowest volume and page number to the highest). The same order generally
follows the chronological sequence of recording the information. Several of the records were recorded
in Hawaiian, and are translated here for the first time. Of particular interest to the records ofdisposition of the lands on Lāna‘i are the proceedings covering Pālāwai Ahupua‘a, in which ownershipof seven ahupua‘a is given. Table 3 is a list of the ahupua‘a in the order of certification, dating from1877 to 1891, and identification of ownership at the time of the proceedings.

Table 3. Ahupua‘a of Lāna‘i Certified by the Boundary Commission
Ahupua‘a – Acreage
Maunalei– 3794
Kealia Kapu
– 1829Palawai– 5897.1
Kaohai– 967.22
Kalulu– 5945.19
Kamoku– 8291.09
Kamao– 2715.1
Kealia Aupuni – 4495.36
Pawili– 1785.5
Kaunolu– 7860
Paomai– 9073.37
Mahana– 7973.37
Kaa– 19486.31
Total Acreage – 88840.1

Volume & Pages
Vol. I:1-2
Vol. I:94-96
Vol. I:108-110
Vol. I:110-111
Vol. I:112-113
Vol. I:114-115
Vol. I:115
Vol. I:116-117
Vol. I:118
Vol. I:119-120
Vol. II:35-37
Vol. II:38-39
Vol. II:40-41

Lāna‘i Boundary Commission Proceedings (1876-1891)
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Disposition at time of Proceedings
Pane (Fanny Young)
Walter M. Gibson
Walter M. Gibson
Ruth Keelikolani
Crown (held in Lease)
Crown (held in Lease)
Government (held in Lease)
Government (held in Lease)
Government (held in Lease)
Government (held in Lease)
Government (held in Lease)
Government (held in Lease)
William G. Irwin

21

Register Map No. 590 - Triangulation Stations on Island of Lanai (1877)
Hawaii State Survey Division

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Maunalei Ahupuaa
Island of Lanai
Boundary Commission Volume 1 (pages 1-2)
No. 1 (31–A)
Ahupuaa of Maunalei, on the Island of Lanai
On the 5th day of November, A.D. 1866,
Gov. P. Nahaolelua filed with the Boundary
Commissioner, an application, on behalf of Madame
Fanny Young Kekela, for the settlement of the boundaries of the Ahupuaa of “Maunalei,” on the Islandof Lanai.
Notice was given to the Minister of theInterior, for the Government, to whom belongs theadjoining land of Kalulu; and to J.W. Austin, Esq.,
guardian of H. H. Wm. C. Lunalilo, to whom
belongs the adjoining land of Mahana.
On the 24th of January 1867, theGuardian of H. H. Wm. C. Lunalilo filed his
assent to the boundaries as claimed by the Applicant and set forth in the survey presented
to the Commissioner, and on the 25th of January
the Minister of the Interior filed the like assentof the boundaries, on behalf of the Government.
On the 25th of January, A.D. 1867,
the Commissioner decided and duly certified
the boundaries of the said land to be as follows, viz.

Boundaries of Maunalei.
Commencing at stake on North East corner of Landat its junction with Kalulu at high water mark,one half chain to Eastward of small creek, andrunning South 2° 20’ West 160 chains to stake on Westernshoulder of Hill called Wawaeku; thence South 1° E.
122 chains across gulch of Waiakapuaa, and following Southern edge of Kinokapuaa to summitof hill called Uahane; thence skirting Northernedge of gulch called Papalahoomoe to its junction with Maunalei which gulch it crosses atright angles, and descending gulch of Hookio
crosses to hill called Pukukai [Puukukai]. Thence North 65° 30’
W. 76 chains to stake on bluff of red earth
called Naio along Mahana. Thence North 14° E.
316.75 chains along ridge of Naio and Lonopoko [page 1]
to its junction with gulch of Maunalei at thelapa of Kaholoiki; thence following along

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bottom of gulch to the sea at Holohana’s stones,
a little below high-water mark; thence following
high water mark to place of commencement.
(Said to contain an area of 3442.38 acres,
more or less). This land also comprises thesea contained between the reef and highwater mark from a line drawn North 21° 20’ E.
to reef, and a line from Holohana’s stones
North 14° East to reef.
G.M. Robertson,
Commissioner of Boundaries.
Honolulu, 25th January 1867. [page 2]

Kealiakapu Ahupuaa
Island of Lanai
Boundary Commission Volume 1 (pages 94-96)
Keena Kiaaina o Maui.
Lahaina, Jan. 25th 1877.
No. 30
Hooponopono ana i na Palena o ka Aina i
kapaia “Kealiakapu” ma ka Mokupuni o Lanai.
Ma ka la 15 o Januari, M.H. 1877, ua waiho mai
o Walter Murry [Murray] Gibson o Lahaina i kana Palapala noi i
ke Komisina Palena Aina o Maui no ka hooponopono ana
i na palena o ka Aina i hoikeia maluna.
Ma ka la 24 o Januari M.H. 1877 ua noho ke
Komisina ma kona Keena Oihana ma Lahaina ehoolohe no ke noi maluna‘e. Ua hoohikiia o Wm. D. Alexander(Luna Ana Aina Aupuni) no ka ike a Papalua ame Kakai kakauia maloko o kana Buke Hoomanao (W.D.A.) no ka
mea o laua na kamaaina nana i kuhikuhi i na palenao “Kealiakapu.” O Papalua ka mea nana i kuhikuhi
ma kai, a o Kaka hoi ma uka.
Hoomaka ma kahi i kapaia o “Oanapuka”
ma ka aoao Komohana o kekahi kahawai, holo aku noma ka pali, a holo loa, aku a hiki i kekahi kahua halekahiko, holo aku no, a hiki i ka hale o Kauakipoolapa,
holo aku no a kokohe i kekahi lua wai, holo aku no ahiki i kekahi wahi kapu (Aina laa), holopololeia Kaluanui, a hiki i ka pali, a hiki i Makoa,
alaila pii iluna o ka honua, a Pohakupukapuka,
alaila holo ma ka Alanui a hiki i kekahi pali, a hikii kahawai, alaila pii ka palena iluna o Kuahiwi,
holo ma ke kualapa, a pili me Kaunolu, holo maLāna‘i Boundary Commission Proceedings (1876-1891)
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kahawai o Kaunolu a hiki i Kauhee, malaila aku
a hiki i Pohakuloa, alaila holo pololei a kokoke i ka
hale o Ohua, a ke kumu o ke kahawai, a hiki i ka
“Heiau” Kaulana o Kaunolu, hele ka palena a kekahi
lua wai a hiki i kekahi pohaku kapu I ka wa
kahiko.
Mamuli hoi o ka hooia ana mai o ka Luna
Ana Aina aupuni (W.D.A.) he mau Aina aupuni wale noke hoopuni ana ia “Kealiakapu” a ua pono, a pololei ke
ana ana a M.D. Monsarrat i hoikeia malalo iho.
[Translation]
Office of the Governor of Maui.
Lahaina, Jan. 25th, 1877.
No. 30
Certifying the boundaries of theland called “Kealiakapu” on the island of Lanai.
On the 15th day of January, A.D. 1877, Walter M.
Gibson presented his application requestingthat the Commissioner of Boundaries certify
the boundaries of the land made known above.
On the 24th day of January, A.D. 1877, the Commissioner
sat at his office of work in Lahaina
to hear the above application. Wm. D Alexander was sworn in(Kingdom Surveyor General) for the testimony of Papalua and Kakaas recorded in his (W.D.A.) official record book forthey were the natives who pointed out the boundaries
of “Kealiakapu.” Papalua who pointed out theshoreward boundaries, and Kaka pointed out the uplands.
Beginning at the place called “Oanapuka”
on the west side of a gulch; and runningalong a cliff all the way to an old house site’
then continuing up to the house of Kauakipoolapa;
then continue to a place near the water hole; then go
to a kapu (sacred/restricted) place (Consecrated land); and straight toKaluanui; then to the cliff, and up to Makoa;
then go up to the plateau (honua), at Pohakupukapuka;
then go along the Road to a certain cliff, till
the gulch; then the boundary climbs up the mountain;
and runs along the ridge adjoining Kaunolu; run along
the gulch of Kaunolu to Kauhee; from there
go to Pohakuloa; then go straight till close to thehouse of Ohua, and the head of gulch, until
the Famous “Temple” of Kaunolu; the boundary goes toa water hole, and then to a stone that was kapu (sacred) in ancient
times.

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Based on the testimony of the Surveyor Generalof the Kingdom (W.D.A.), there are only Government Lands
that surround “Kealiakapu;” the survey by M.D. Monsarrat,
as shown below, is true and correct.
[Maly, translator]

Notes of Survey of Kealiakapu, Lanai.
Property of W.M. Gibson.
Commencing at the South corner of this land, at a pile ofstones over a cross + cut in a large stone to the West of a small
bay at the mouth of a deep rocky gulch (which gulch is the boundary
between Kealiakapu and Kealia Aupuni) [page 94]
at a place Oanapuka.
1. The boundary runs up the bottom of said gulch to a point on the Westbank marked thus X on stone, which bears N. 4° 25’ E. true 4860 feet fromcommencement.
2. Thence up the bottom of the gulch to a point on West bank marked
thus + on stone, which point bears from last point N. 4° 16’ E. true 849 feet;
3. Thence still up the bottom of the gulch to a point on North bank marked
thus + on stone, which point bears from last point N. 13° 13’ E. true 1196 feet;
4. Thence up bottom of gulch to a point on the North bank marked
by cross + on large stone, which point bears N. 50° 24’ E. true 618 feet from last point;
5. Thence still up bottom of gulch to a point marked with a cross + on stone
on which point the bearing from the last point is N. 44° 54’ E. true 1656 feet;
6. Thence N. 30° 27’ E. true 1543 feet along Kealia Aupuni to a cross + cut in astone, at an old house site;
7. N. 54° 37’ E. true 2364 feet along Kealia Aupuni to a cross + cut in a stone;
8. N. 44° 44’ E. true 1660 feet along Kealia Aupuni to a point marked by two
Triangular pits [diagram = ] & dug in the ground at the former site of Kauakipoolapa’s house;
9. N. 48° 00’ E. true 965 feet along Kealia Aupuni to a point marked by two
Tri pits [diagram] a little N.W. of a native house at margin of Palawai crater;
10. N. 45° 16 E. true 14066 feet along Kealia Aupuni across the crater to a large
rock (with a cross + in the face of it) on the North side of a small ravine
in the Eastern wall of the crater in a locality called Makoa;
11. N. 53° 10’ E. true 720 feet along Kealia Aupuni to top of terrace or“honua” to a point marked by two Triangular pits [diagram] and buried bottle;
12. N. 44° 8’ E. true 1650 feet along Kealia Aupuni to a large rock marked
with a cross +, said rock being called “Pohakupukapuka;”
13. N. 44° 18’ E. true 4133 feet along Kealia Aupuni to two Tri. pits [diagram] and buried
bottle; at the edge of a deep ravine, that runs along the foot of thecentral mountain ridge to the North curving to the West;
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14. N. 41° 43’ E. true 2150 feet along Kealia Aupuni across said ravine
and up a ridge to the summit of the mountain range;
15. N. 72° 00’ W. true 1025 feet along top of the mountain;
16. Thence, S. 32° 10’ W. true 1660 feet along Kaunolu, down a red ridge toa point marked by two Tri. pits [diagram] and bottle, at the edge of a gulch
to North of the last-mentioned ravine;
17. Thence, down the bottom of this gulch and of the main gulch to apoint on the South bank, marked by two Tri. pits [diagram] and buried bottle
which point bears S. 61° 45’ W. true 3482 feet from last point;
18. Thence, down the bottom of the main gulch to a point on East bank marked
by two Tri. pits [diagram] and bottle; which point bears from last point S. 36° 21’ W.
true 930 feet;
19. Thence, still down the bottom of the gulch to a point on East bankmarked by two Tri. pits [diagram] and bottle, which bears from last mentioned
point S. 18° 7’ E. true 538 feet;
20. Thence, still down the bottom of the gulch (which where
it enters the crater is called Kekauhee) to a large rockat the mouth on the lower side of the road, marked witha cross + and called Pohakuloa; which rock bears S. 46° 20’ W.
true 2450 feet form last mentioned point; [page 95]
21. S. 44° 8’ W. true 13375 feet along Kaunolu, across the crater to a point
marked by two Tri. pits [diagram] a little S.E. of a white house belonging to Ohua;
22. S. 62° 24’ W. true 5889 feet along Kaunolu to a point marked by two Tri. pits [diagram] and a postnear an old house site;
23. S. 42° 27’ W. true 1698 feet along Kaunolu to a point marked by two Tri. pits [diagram];
24. S. 48° 30’ W. true 1275 feet along Kaunolu to a point marked by two Tri. pits [diagram];
25. S. 32° 55’ W. true 3125 feet along Kaunolu to a rock marked with a cross +;26. S. 18° 11’ W. true 1637 feet along Kaunolu to a rock marked thus in a clump of rocks;
27. S. 25° 00’ W. true 2280 feet along Kaunolu to a rock marked with a cross +at the commencement of a small gulch;
28. Thence down the bottom of said gulch and large gulch (that reaches
the sea near the Heiau) to a point marked by a cross + on a stone on
the S.E. bank of the gulch at a bend in it which point bears
from last mentioned point S. 27° 23’ W. true 3663 feet.
29. Thence, down the bottom of the gulch passing to the N.W. of a wellin the gulch (which well belongs Kealia Kapu) to a large rock marked
with the cross + and from thence to the sea at a point on the
shore at the middle of the harbor; which point bears from the

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rock on the bank of the gulch at the bend S. 33° 57’ W. true,
1343 feet.
30. Thence following the sea coast to point of commencement,
the traverse along the shore being as follows: S. 63° 20’ E. true 400
feet to cross + cut in large stone, N. 83° 20’ E. true 3353 feet tocross + cut on stone N. 78° 38’ E. true 2578 feet to point of Commencement.
Area 1829 Acres.
(Sig.) M.D. Monsarrat
Surveyor
Makawao, Dec. 16th, 1877. [page 96]

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Register Map No. 1203, Kealia Kapu Ahupuaa Surveyed for Walter Murray Gibson (1876).
Hawaii State Survey Division.
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Palawai Ahupuaa
Island of Lanai
Boundary Commission Volume No. 1 (pages 108-110)
No. 34
Keena Kiaaina o Maui,
Lahaina, Sept. 17, 1877.
Hooponopono Palena Aina a ke Komisina.
Ma ka la 14 o Julai, A.D. 1877, ua waiho mai o Prof. W.D. Alexander
he palapala noi i ke Komisina Palena Aina o Maui, no ka
hooponopono ana i na palena o kahi mau aina i pau i ka Anaia
o ka Mokupuni o Lanai. Oia hoi o “Palawai” no W.M. Gibson Esq.
“Kaohai” no Ka Mea Kiekie R. Keelikolani; “Kalulu,” “Kamoku,”
he mau Aina Lei Alii; “Kamao,” “Kealia,” “Pawili,” & “Kaunolu,”
he mau Aina Aupuni.
Ma ka la 17 o Sepatemaba, A.D. 1877, ua noho ka Aha a ke Komisina ehoolohe no ke noi maluna‘e. O M.D. Monsarrat (Hope Ana Aina Aupuni)ka mea i hiki mai ma ka aoao o ka mea noi. A no ka mea hoi nanano i Ana ia mau aina apau. A ua hoomana pu ia mai no hoi
oia e Jno. O. Dominis e lawelawe imua o ke Komisina ma na mea epili ana i na Aina Lei Alii ma Lanai. – Hoohikiia a olelo mai:Na‘u no i Ana keia mau aina a pau; ua hele pu au me na
kamaaina ma na palena apau o keia mau Aina. A ua lokahi lakou
apau, ua pono, a ua pololei ka‘u ana ana. O Rev. N. Pali ko‘ualakai nui nana i kuhikuhi, a ua make iho nei kekahi. No ka
hiki ole ana mai o Pali i keia la, ua hoopono ka Aha
a hiki mai oia noho hou.
Ma ka la 30 o Sepatemaba 1877, ua hiki mai o Pali, aua noho hou ka Aha. Hoohikiia o Pali a olelo mai: O Pali au,
he kamaaina au no Lanai, na ko‘u mau makua i kuhikuhi
mai ia‘u. A no ko‘u noho konohiki ana hoi malalo o Kauikeaoulimaopopo loa ia‘u na palena. Noho Konohiki au no “Kalulu,”“Kamoku.” He mau aina Aupuni o Kamao, Kealia, Pawili,
ame Kaunolu. Maopopo loa ia‘u.
[Translation]
Decision of Boundaries by the Commission.
On the 14th day of June, A.D. 1877, Prof. W.D. Alexander,
set before the Boundary Commissioner of Maui, an application
to Certify the boundaries of several lands which have all been surveyedon the Island of Lanai. They being, “Palawai” of W.M. Gibson Esq.
“Kaohai” of Her Highness R. Keelikolani; “Kalulu” and “Kamoku,”
Crown Lands; “Kamao,” “Kealia,” “Pawili,” & “Kaunolu,”
Government Lands.
Lāna‘i Boundary Commission Proceedings (1876-1891)
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On the 17th day of September, A.D. 1877, the Commission convened
to hear the above applications. M.D. Monsarrat (Assistant Government Surveyor)
was present on behalf of the applicant. Also, as the one
who Surveyed all of the lands. Jno, O Dominis was authorized
to bring the matter forward to the Commission by thoseadjoining the Crown Lands on Lanai. – Sworn and stated:
I surveyed all these lands; I went along all the boundaries
Of these lands with natives. They were all in agreement,
My surveys are correct and true. Rev. N. Pali was myprimary guide, he pointed out things, others have since passed away.
Because Pali did not arrive this day, the Commission moved
Await his arrival before reconvening.
On the 30th day of September 1877, Pali arrived, and
The Commission reconvened. Pali Sworn and stated: I am Pali.
I am a native of Lanai, my parents pointed them (the boundaries) out
to me. And as a result of my having been Land overseer under Kauikeaouli,
the boundaries are known to me. I was the Konohiki of “Kalulu”
and “Kamoku.” Kamao, Kealia, Pawili,
and Kaunolu are Government lands. I know them well.
[Maly, translator]

Survey of Palawai, Lanai. Property of W.M. Gibson.
Commencing at a concrete post (the same being the point ofCommencement of “Kamao” survey) at the seashore near the
middle of “Manele” Harbor, the boundary runs:
1. N. 67º 55’ W true 1940 feet along Kamao to a stone on the West sideof the road marked with a cross. Thence,
2. N 16º 30’ West true 850 feet along Kamao up road to stone on East
side of same marked with a cross.
3. N 8° 17’ W true 7440 feet along Kamao up road to a stone in roadmarked with a cross.
4. N 29° 55’ E true 3750 feet along Kamao to a red wood post on Southedge of Palawai Crater and 300 feet West of an old stone sheep pen.
5.

N 25° 3’ E true 6515.5 feet along Kamao across Palawai crater to alarge rock marked with a cross at the mouth of “Paliakoae” gulch. [page 108]

6. Thence along Kaohai up bottom of said gulch and the West branch of same to astone marked thus Y; and from said stone up Westbank to a rock on edge of gulch marked
with a cross. The traverse from the large rock at
mouth of gulch is as follows: 1 N 33° 37’ E true 3169 feetto point on West bank. 2 N 61° 52’ E true 1877 feetto rock marked with cross. Thence
7. N 12° 17’ E true 1755 feet along Kaohai to the top of a red hill.

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8. N 41° 57’ E true 1290 feet along Kaohai to a concrete post at a placecalled “Haalele Paakai.” Thence
9. N 40° 40’ E true 1470 feet along Paawili to head of a large gulch. Thence
10. N 56° 29’ E true 6427 feet along Paawili down bottom of above mentioned
gulch to a red wood post on a prominent
red bluff on North side of gulch. Thence
11. N 54° 22’ E true 12997 feet along Paawili down ridge and across gulch near its
mouth to a red wood post at seashore at aplace called “Waiopae.” Thence
12. N 33° 50’ W true 1727 feet along seashore.
13. N 50° 25’ W true 1770.5 feet along seashore.
14. N 27° 21’ W true 2549.5 feet along seashore.
15. N 48° 31’ W true 2888 feet along seashore to a red wood post on shore. Thence
16. S 37° 9’ W true 10808 feet along Kaunolu up ridge to a red wood post on
the top of a red hill.
17. S 48° 12’ W true 6071 feet along Kaunolu up ridge and across a small
gulch and up another ridge to a red wood post. Thence
18. S 30° 33’ W true 1564 feet along Kaunolu up a path that follows up ridge toa red wood post. Thence
19. S 1° 30’ W true 4425 feet along Kaunolu across the large gulch of Palawai
to the highest point of the Island. Thence
20. S 71° 12’ W true 1675 feet along Paawili down ridge to two Tri. pits dug at end of ridge;
21. Thence along Pawili the boundary strikes down to thebottom of the “Waiakiole” [Waiakaiole] gulch (which gulch is thefirst branch to the East of the “Waiapaa” gulch, said
gulch (Waiapaa) being called at its mouth
the “Waikekee”) to a large rock in the upper partof Grant 2971 to Kapahoa. Said rock being
situated a few feet from a large Kukui tree andmarked with a cross. The traverse down the gulch
from the Triangular pits; being as follows:
1. S 57° 25’ W true 3939 feet to two Triangular pits
on the east side of the gulch at bend.
2. S 41° 58’ W true 3020 feet to above mentioned large rock. Thence
22. S 28° 32’ W true 11633 feet along Pawili (passing around the East side of
the above-mentioned Grant) and across Palawaicrater to a rock marked with a cross on theSouth edge of crater at an old house site neara large straw house owned by Puupai. Thence
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23. S 22° 50’ W true 3150 feet along Kealia Aupuni to a cross cut in a large
rock amongst a lot of rocks in a hollow called “Ehoehonui.” [page 109]
24. S 5° 58’ E true 6671.8 feet along Kealia Aupuni following down ravine for some ways
but leaving it near the sea; where it (the ravine) makes
a bend to the West and the boundary continues straight tosome stones, one of which being marked with a cross.
25. S 6° 6’ E true 1779 feet along Kealia Aupuni to a large pile of stones at seashore
at a place called “Lae Paakai.”
26. Thence along seashore to point of Commencement. The
traverse along the shore being as follows:
1. S 82° 48’ E true 6575 feet to Manele Point.
2. N 20° 1’ E true 2301 feet.
3. N 22° 37’ E true 292 feet to Commencement.
Area 5897.1 Acres
Surveyed by
M.D. Monsarrat,
Assistant Hawaiian Government Survey
Lanai, June 1877. [page 110]

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Map of Palawai Ahupuaa Surveyed for Walter Murray Gibson (1877).
Hawaii State Archives.
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Palawai Ahupuaa
Island of Lanai
Boundary Commission Volume No. 1 (page 113)
Olelo Hooholo
Ke hooholo nei au. O na palena o na aina apau ma Lanai
i anaia e M.D. Monsarrat, oia hoi o “Palawai” no W.M. Gibson,“Kaohai” no ka Mea Kiekie R. Keelikolani, “Kalulu” a me “Kamoku” hemau aina Lei Alii ame “Kamao,” “Kealia,” “Pawili” & “Kaunolu”
he mau aina Aupuni, e like me na ana pakahi i hoikeia malokonei, ua pono a ua pololei.
Kakauia ma Lahaina i keia la 30 o Sept. 1877.
Komisina P. A. Apana Elua, ko H. P. A. [page 113]
[Translation]
Decision
I hereby move. The boundaries of all the lands on Lanai, surveyed by M.D.
Monsarrat, they being, “Palawai” of W.M. Gibson, “Kaohai” of Her Highness, R.
Keelikolani, “Kalulu” and “Kamoku” Crown Lands, and “Kamao,” “Kealia” [Aupuni],“Pawili” & “Kaunolu,” being Government lands, as uniformly surveyed and given
within, are right and correct.
Signed at Lahaina, this 30th day of Sept. 1877.
Commissioner L.B. [Land Boundaries], Second District, of the H.I. [Hawaiian
Islands].
[Maly, translator]

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Kaohai Ahupuaa
Island of Lanai
Boundary Commission Volume No. 1 (pages 110-111)
No. 35
Survey of “Kaohai,” Lanai
Property of H.R.H. Ruth Keelikolani
Commencing at a red wood post (the same being the pointof Commencement of Pawili Survey) on the South East side ofa small inlet of the sea at a place called Halepalaoa,
the boundary runs:
1. S 56° 46’ W true 6454.4 feet along Pawili up gulch to a rock a little
above head of same marked with a cross. Thence
2. S 71° 59’ W true 8489 feet along Pawili to a red wood post on a hill at the NorthWest edge of a gulch.
3. Thence, following (along Pawili) up bottom of above
mentioned gulch to a point at head of same; which point
bears S 75° 25’ W true, 5342 feet from the above redwood post on hill.
4. N 76° 50’ W true 1300 feet along Pawili across top of mountain to a concrete
post, at a place called “Haalele Paakai. Thence
5. S 41° 57’ W true 1290 feet along Palawai down ridge to top of a red hill. Thence
6. S 12° 17’ W true 1755 feet along Palawai down side of said hill to a rock onedge of gulch marked with a cross.
7. From thence the boundary strikes down (along Palawai)
into the gulch to a rock marked thus Y, and from saidrock follows down the bottom of gulch (which is [page 110]
called the Paliakoae) to a large rock at themouth marked with a cross. The traverse fromrock on edge of a gulch marked with across to rock at mouth of gulch being as follows:
1. S 61° 52’ W true, 1877 feet to a point on West edge of gulch.
2. S 33° 37’ W true 3169 feet to large rock at mouth of gulch. Thence
8. S 46° 8’ E true 712 feet along Kamao, along foot of slope.
9. S 28° 43’ E true 1640 feet along Kamao, along foot of slope to two Triangularpits. Thence

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10. S 6° 47’ E true 1410 feet along Kamao across a small ravine to an old house site.
11. S 17° 28’ W true 1497 feet along Kamao up slope along path to a rock with cross
cut in it; said rock being amongst a lot of rocks at a place called “Kaneuwau.” Thence
12. S 22° 34’ E true 3927 feet along Kamao across a flat to a cross cut in a stone.
13. S 26° 20’ E true 911 feet along Kamao to cross on a stone.
14. S 16° 53’ E true 1300 feet along Kamao across a rocky gulch to point on side hill.
15. S 59° 37’ E true 233 feet along Kamao along side hill to cross cut in a stone. Thence
16. S 71° 55’ E true 2632 feet along Kamao across three gulches to a cross cut in a stone.
17. S 60° 48’ E true 1691.8 feet along Kamao across a deep gulch to a large rock with cross cut on it.
18. S 52° 54’ E true 980 feet along Kamao down ridge.
19. S 42° 37’ E true 1420 feet along Kamao down ridge to a large pile of stones overa cross cut in a stone at seashore.
20. Thence following along Sea Shore to point ofCommencement. The traverse along the Shore
being as follows:
1. N 68° 30’ E true 8260 feet.
2. N 34° 15’ E true 3585 feet.
3. N 31° 35’ E true 8696.8 feet.
4. N 29° 36’ E true 3607.8 feet.
5. N 17° 48’ E true 3970 feet.
6. N 5° 34’ E true 2331.7 feet.
7. N 24° 26’ W true 5127 feet to point of Commencement.
Area 9677.22 Acres.
Surveyed by M.D. Monsarrat,
Assistant
Hawaiian Government Survey
Lanai, June 1877. [page 111]

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Kalulu Ahupuaa
Island of Lanai
Boundary Commission Volume No. 1:112-113
No. 36
Survey of the Crown Land of “Kalulu” Lanai.
Commencing at a pile of stones over a cross cut in a stone(the same being the point of commencement of Kaunolu Survey)
at the edge of precipice a few feet from sea. The boundary runs:
1. N 87° 20’ E true 2557 feet along Kaunolu to a pile of stones on side hill. Thence
2. N 76° 00’ E true 3206 feet along Kaunolu to a rock marked with a cross. Thence
3. N 54° 17’ E true 6694.5 feet along Kaunolu passing between Maakuia’s house andhis sheep pen to a point 14 feet East of a rock witha cross cut on it.
4. N 56° 15’ E 7944.6 feet along Kaunolu to pile of stones on South edge of Palawai Crater. Thence
5. N 53° 14’ E true 13359 feet along Kaunolu across Crater passing West of school houseto a point on terrace marked by a Mamane post. Thence
6. N 44° 00’ E true 3935 feet along Kaunolu across terrace to a red wood post on
the top of a hill called Puu Alii.
7. N 52° 7’ E true 9290 feet along Kaunolu across Maunalei and Kululu valleys
to a red wood post on East edge of latter valley. Thence
8. N 20° 1’ E true 9729.5 feet along Kaunolu down the East ridge of Kalulu valley toa rock on edge of valley marked with a cross.
9. N 36° 4’ E true 5878.5 feet along Kaunolu to a red wood post on seashore. Thence
10. N 46° 2’ W true 6285 feet along seashore to a red wood post a little N. E. of a small
creek (said post being at N. E. corner of Maunalei). Thence
11. S 28° 27’ W true 10676 feet along Maunalei up slope to a pile of stones on a hill called“Wawaeku.”
12. S 6° 25’ W true 9370 feet along Maunalei up gulch of Waiakapua to a red wood poston summit of a hill called “Wahane.” Thence
13. N 74° 1’ W true 5235 feet along Maunalei along Northern edge of Papalahoomoe
gulch to its junction with Maunalei valley and acrosssaid valley to a red wood post on the summit of a hillcalled “Puukukai” on West edge of valley. Thence

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14. S 0° 41’ W 3555 feet along Mahana and Paomai to a red wood post on
ridge that comes down from the central mountain range(said post being on North edge of valley that
contains the water hole of Kaiholena). Thence
15. S 45° 49’ W true 1067.9 feet along Kamoku across valley passing to the S. E. of above
mentioned water hole to a point on ridge marked with
Triangular pits and ditch thus
said point a little Eastof Puupane.
16. Thence along Kamoku down the N.W. edge of the
Kapano valley to the Government road, passing near
Kawaonahele’s house keeping straight on across aside ravine coming in from the North (called Keaaku)
to a red wood post at the top of the North wall of the
Palawai Crater at a place called “Pulehuloa,” near
Kealiihananui’s house, which red wood post bears [page 112]
S 44° 53’ W true 8052 feet from last mentioned point on ridge. Thence
17. S 65° 44’ W true 4939.3 feet along Kamoku along North edge of crater to a point a
little North of a cactus clump; marked by two triangular pits. Thence
18. S 46° 19’ W true 10141.4 feet along Kamoku down road to a cross cut in astone amongst a lot of stones at the former site ofan old Heiau called “Ili o Lono.” Thence
19. S 72° 48’ W true 2080 feet along Kamoku to head of gulch. Thence
20. S 84° 40’ W true 2594 feet along Kamoku to a cross cut in a stone on South edge of gulch.
21. S 88º 46’ W true 5225.9 along Kamoku down South edge of gulch to a stone marked
with cross; on edge of gulch a little above a branch that runs into the main gulch from the South.
22. S 86° 27’ W true 3254 feet along Kamoku down South edge of gulch to a pileof stones (on edge of same) over a cross cut ina large stone to the South of Kaumalapau Harbor(the same pile of stones being the pointof Commencement of Kamoku survey).
23. Thence along seashore to Commencement.
Traverse along the shore being as follows:
1. S 27° 00’ W true 1,212 feet.
2. S 22° 57’ E true 5915 feet to Commencement.
Area 5945.19 Acres.
Exclusive of Awards.
Surveyed by M.D. Monsarrat,
Assistant
Hawaiian Government Survey
Lanai, June 1877. [page 113]

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Kamoku Ahupuaa
District of Lahaina, Island of Lanai
Boundary Commission, Maui, Volume No. 1 (pages 114-115)
No. 37–A
Survey of the Crown Land of “Kamoku” Lanai
Commencing at a pile of stones over a cross cut in a largestone on South side of Kaumalapau Harbor on edge of gulch. The
boundary runs:
1. N 86° 27’ E true 3254 feet along Kalulu up South edge of gulch to a stone marked
with a cross on edge of gulch a little above a branchthat comes into the main gulch from the South. Thence:
2. N 88° 46’ E true 5225.9 feet along Kalulu, up South edge of gulch to a cross cut in astone on South edge of same. Thence:
3. N 84° 40’ E true 2594 feet along Kalulu to head of gulch. Thence:
4. N 72° 43’ E true 2080 feet along Kalulu to a cross cut in a stone amongst a lot of stones
at the former site of an old Heiau called “Ili o Lono.” Thence:
5. N 46° 19’ E true 10144.4 feet along Kalulu up road to a point a little North of a cactus clump marked by two triangular pits.
6. N 65° 44’ E true 4939 feet along Kalulu along North edge of crater to a red wood
post on the North wall of the crater at a place called
Pulehuloa near Keliihananui’s house.
7. Thence along Kalulu down across a small ravine(coming in from the North called Keaaku) to Government
Road and up the N.W. edge of the Kapano valley, passing
near Kawaonahele’s house to a point on ridge
marked with four triangular pits and ditch thus
; said point being a little east of Puu Nene andbearing N 44° 53’ E true 8052 feet from above mentioned
red wood post. Thence:
8. N 45° 49’ E true 1067.9 feet along Kalulu across valley passing to the S. E. of awater hole called Kaiholena to a red wood poston ridge that comes down from the central mountain
range. Thence:
9. N 62° 37’ W true 6742.5 feet along Paomai down above-mentioned ridge and across valley into asmall ridge and down said ridge to a redwood post at end of same.
10. S 84° 37’ W true 1316.8 feet along Paomai to a cross cut in a stone.

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11. S 74° 8’ W true 6258 feet along Paomai passing to the North of a couple of Halaclumps to two Triangular pits at an old house site.
12. S 74° 07’ W true 3045 feet along Paomai to a cross cut on a stone at head of gulch.
13. N 86° 6’ W true 1368 feet along Paomai down South side of gulch.
14. S 83° 45’ W true 1455 feet along Paomai to a cross cut in a stone.
15. S 74° 9’ W true 920 feet along Paomai.
16. N 55° 12’ W true 898 feet Paomai across gulch to a red wood post a little West ofa cactus clump; here ends the Crown land of Paomai. Thence:
17. S 65° 58’ W true 1617 feet along Kaa down North side of gulch to a cross on a stone.
18. S 64° 57’ W true 2040 feet along Kaa down North side of gulch to a cross on a stone. Thence:[page 114]
19. S 70° 33’ W true 3590 feet along Kaa to a point 10 feet East of a large rockwith cross cut on it. Thence:
20. S 68° 53’ W true 1664 feet along Kaa to Sea Shore. Thence:
21. S 1° 55’ W true 13460 feet along sea shore to point of Commencement.
Area 8291.09 Acres.
Surveyed by M.D. Monsarrat, Assistant
Hawaiian Government Survey
Lanai. June 1877. [page 115]

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Kamao Ahupuaa,
District of Lahaina, Island of Lanai
Boundary Commission, Maui, Volume No. 1 (page 115)
No. 38
Survey of the Government Land of “Kamao,” Lanai
Commencing at a concrete post (the same being the point of Commencementof Palawai Survey) at the shore near the Middle of Manele Harbor,the boundary runs:
1. N 67° 55’ W true 1940 feet along Palawai to a stone on the West sideof the road marked with a cross. Thence:
2. N 16° 30’ W true 850 feet along Palawai up road to a stone on East side of same
marked with a cross.
3. N 8° 17’ W true 7440 feet along Palawai up road to a stone in road marked with a cross. Thence:
4. N 29° 55’ E true 3750 feet along Palawai to a red wood post on south edge of Palawaicrater and about 300 feet West of an old stone sheep pen.
5. N 25° 3’ E true 6515.5 feet along Palawai across crater to a large rock (marked
with a cross) at the mouth of Paliakoae gulch.
6. S 46° 8’ E true 712 feet along Kaohai, along foot of slope.
7. S 28° 43’ E true 1640 feet along Kaohai along foot of slope to two Tri. Pits. Thence:
8. S 6° 47’ E true 1410 feet along Kaohai across cut slope on small ravine to an old house site.
9. S 17° 28’ W true 1497 feet along Kaohai up slope along path to a rock with cross cut in it;
said rock being amongst a lot of rocks at a place called Kaneuau.
10. S 22° 34’ E true 3927 feet along Kaohai across a flat to a cross cut in a stone.
11. S 26° 20’ E true 911 feet along Kaohai to cross on stone. Thence:
12. S 16° 53’ E true 1300 feet along Kaohai across a rocky gulch to a point on side hill.
13. S 59° 37’ E true 233 feet along Kaohai along side hill to cross cut in a stone. Thence:
14. S 71° 55’ E true 2632 feet along Kaohai across three gulches to a cross cut in a stone.
Thence:15. S 64° 48’ E true 1691.8 feet along Kaohai across a deep gulch to a large rock with cross cut on it.
16. S 52° 54’ E true 980 feet along Kaohai down ridge. Thence:
17. S 42° 37’ E true 1420 feet along Kaohai down ridge to a large pile of stones over a cross
cut in a stone at sea shore. Thence:
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18. S 68° 47’ W true 11,475 feet along sea shore to point of Commencement.
Area 2715.1 Acres. Exclusive of Awards.
Surveyed by M.D. Monsarrat, Assistant H.G.S. Lanai June 1877.

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Kealia Aupuni Ahupuaa
Island of Lanai
Boundary Commission Volume No. 1 (pages 116-117)
No. 39Survey of the Government Land of Kealia [Aupuni], Lanai
Commencing at a pile of stones over cross cut in a large stone (Thesame being the point of Commencement of Kealia Kapu survey) to
the West of a small bay at the mouth of a steep rocky gulch (which
gulch is the boundary between Kealia Kapu and Kealia Aupuni)
at a place called “Oanapuka.”
1. The boundary runs up the bottom of said gulch to a point on
West bank, marked thus Y on a stone; which point bears N 4° 25’ E true
4960 feet from Commencement.
2. Thence up the bottom of the gulch to a point on West bank marked thus
+ on stone; which point bears from last point N 4° 16’ E true 849 feet.
3. Thence still up the bottom of the gulch to a point on North bank;marked thus + on stone; which point bears from last point N 13° 13’ E
true 2196 feet.
4. Thence up bottom of gulch to point on the North bank, marked by a crosson large stone which point bears N 50° 24’ E true 618 feet from last point.
5. Thence still up bottom of gulch to point marked by cross on stone on which
point the bearing from the last point is N 44° 54’ E true 1656 feet. Thence:
6. N 30° 27’ E true 1543 feet along Kealia Kapu to a cross cut in a stone
at an old house site.
7. N 54° 37’ E true 2,364 feet along Kealia Kapu to cross cut in a stone.
8. N 44° 44’ E true 1660 feet along Kealia Kapu to a point marked by two Triangularpits dug in the ground at the former site of Kauakipoolapa’s house.
9. N 48° 00’ E true 965 feet along Kealia Kapu to a point marked by two Tri.
pits a little N.W. of a native house at ma[r]gin of Palawai Crt.
10. N 45° 16’ E true 14066 feet along Kealia Kapu across the crater to a large rock(with a cross cut in face of it) on the North side ofa small ravine in the Eastern wall of the crater
in a locality called Makoa.
11. N 53° 10’ E true 720 feet along Kealia Kapu to top of terrace or “honua” to a point
marked by two Tri. pits and buried bottle.

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12. N 44° 8’ E true 1560 feet along Kealia Kapu to a large rock marked with a cross;said rock being called “Pohakupukapuka.”
13. N 44° 18’ E true 4133 feet along Kealia Kapu to two Tri. pits and bottle at the edge of adeep ravine that runs along the foot of the central mountain
range, to the North curving to the West.
14. N 41° 43’ E true 2150 feet along Kealia Kapu across said ravine and up a ridge tothe summit of the mountain range. Thence:
15. S 38° 35’ E true 3565 feet along Kaunolu to the highest point of the island. Thence:
16. S 71° 12’ W true 1675 feet along Palawai down ridge to two Triangular pits dug at
end of ridge;
17. Thence (along Palawai) the boundary strikes down to the bottom of the
Waiakiole [Waiakaiole] gulch (which gulch is the first branch to the East of the Waiapaa,
being called at its mouth the Waikekee) to a large rock in the upper partof Grant 2971 to Kapahoa, said rock being situated a few feet from [page 116]a large Kukui tree & marked with a cross. The traverse down the gulch
from the Triangular pits being as follows: 1 S 57° 25’ W true 3939 feetto two Triangular pits on the East side of gulch at bend; 2 S 41° 58’ W
true 3020 feet to above mentioned large rock. Thence:
18. S 28° 32’ W true 11633 feet along Palawai (passing around the East side of the above
mentioned Grant) and across Palawai crater to a rockmarked with a cross on the South edge of crater at an
old house site near a large straw house owned by Puupai.
19. S 22° 50’ W true 3150 feet along Palawai to a cross cut into a large rock amongst
a lot of rocks in a hollow called Ehoehonui;
20. S 5° 58’ E true 6671 feet along Palawai following down ravine for some ways but
leaving it near the sea where it (the ravine) makes abend to the West, and the boundary continues
straight to some stones; one of which being marked with across. Thence:
21. S 6° 6’ E true 1779 feet along Palawai to a large pile of stones at sea shore
at a place called Lae Paakai.
22. Thence along seashore to point ofCommencement.
The traverse along the shore being as follows:
1. S 70° 6’ W true 1090 feet.
2. S 87° 17’ W true 3441 feet.
3. S 88° 45’ W true 8170 feet to Commencement.
Area 4495.36 Acres.
Exclusive of Grant

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N.B. There is a Lele of Pawili included inthis survey.
Surveyed by M.D. Monsarrat,
Assistant
Hawaiian Government Survey
Lanai, June 1877.

Pawili Ahupuaa
Island of Lanai
Boundary Commission Volume 1:118
No. 40Survey of the Government Land of “Pawili,” Lanai
Commencing at a red wood post. (The same being thepoint of Commencement of “Kaohai” Survey) on
the South East side of a small inlet of the sea at the mouthof a shallow rocky gulch at a place called “Halepalaoa.”
The boundary runs:
1. S 56° 46’ W true 6454.4 feet along Kaohai up gulch to a rock a little above
head of same marked with a cross. Thence:
2. S 71° 59’ W true 8489 feet along Kaohai to a red wood post on a hill at North Westedge of a gulch. Thence:
3. Following (along Kaohai) up bottom of above
mentioned gulch to a point at head of same
which point bears S 75° 25’ W true 5342 feetfrom the above red wood post on hill. Thence:
4. N 76° 50’ W true 1300 feet along Kaohai across top of mountain to a concrete
post at a place called Haalele Paakai. Thence:
5. N 40° 40’ E true 1470 feet along Palawai to head of a large gulch. Thence:
6. N 56° 29’ E true 6427 feet along Palawai down bottom of above-mentioned gulch toa red wood post on a prominent bluff on Northside of gulch. Thence:
7. N 54° 22’ E true 12997 feet along Palawai down ridge and across gulch nearits mouth to a red wood post at sea shore
at a place called Waiaopae.
8. S 30° 39’ E 5829 feet along sea shore to point of Commencement.
Area 1785.8 Acres.
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Exclusive of Grants & Awards.
Surveyed by M.D. Monsarrat, Assistant
Hawaiian Govt. Survey
Lanai, June 1877.

Kaunolu Ahupuaa
Island of Lanai
Boundary Commission Volume No. 1 (pages 119-120)
No. 37
Survey of the Government Land of Kaunolu, Lanai
Commencing at a pile of stones over a cross cut in a largestone (the same being the point of Commencement of Kalulu Survey)
at the edge of precipice a few feet from the sea. The boundary runs:
1. N 87° 20’ E true 2551 feet along Kalulu to a pile of stones on side Hill. Thence:
2. N 76° 00’ E true 3206 feet along Kalulu to a rock marked with a cross.
3. N 54° 17’ E true 6694.5 feet along Kalulu passing between Maakuia’s house &his sheep pen to a point 14 feet East of a rockwith a cross cut in it.
4. N 56° 15’ E true 7944.6 feet along Kalulu to a pile of stones on South edgeof Palawai Crater.
5. N 53° 14’ E true 13359 feet along Kalulu across crater passing West of
school house to a point on terrace marked
with Mamane post.
6. N 44° 00’ E true 3935 feet along Kalulu across terrace and to a red wood
post on the top of a hill called Puu Alii.
7. N 52° 7’ E true 9290 feet along Kalulu across Maunalei and Kalulu
valleys to a red wood post on East edge of latter
gulch. Thence:
8. N 20° 1’ E true 9729.5 feet Along Kalulu down the East edge of Kalulu
valley to a rock on edge of valley marked with a cross.
9. N 36° 4’ E true 5878.5 feet along Kalulu to a red wood post on sea shore. Thence:
10. S 44° 7’ W true 5581 feet along shore.
11. S 48° 1’ W true 1510 feet along shore to a red wood post. Thence:

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12. S 37° 9’ W true 10808 feet along Palawai up ridge
to a red wood poston the top of a red hill.
13. S 48° 12’ W true 6071 feet along Palawai up ridge and across a small
gulch and up another ridge to a red wood post. Thence:
14. S 30° 33’ W true 1564 feet along Palawai up a path that follows up ridge
to a red wood post. Thence:
15. S 1° 30’ W true 4425 feet along Palawai across the large valley of Palawai tohighest point of the Island. Thence:
16. N 38° 35’ W true 3565 feet along Paawili & Kealia Aupuni.
17. N 72° 00’ W true 1025 feet along Kealiakapu. Thence:
18. S 32° 10’ W true 1660 feet along Kealiakapu down ridge to a point marked
by two Triangular pits and bottle at the edgeof a gulch.
19. Thence down the bottom of this gulch and up themain gulch to a point on South bank marked
by two Tri. pits and buried bottle; which point
bears S 61° 45’ W true 3482 feet from last point. [page 119]
20. Thence down the bottom of the main gulch to a point on Eastbank marked by two Tri. pits & bottle which bears fromlast point S 36° 21’ W true 930 feet.
21. Thence still down the bottom of the gulch to a point on Eastbank marked by two Tri. pits and bottle which bears fromlast mentioned point S 18° 7’ E true 538 feet.
22. Thence still down the bottom of the gulch (which where
it enters the crater is called the Kauhe) to a large
rock at mouth on lower side of the road marked
with a cross, and called “Pohakuloa;” which rockbears S 46° 20’ W true 2450 feet from last mentioned point.
23. S 44° 8’ W true 13375 feet along Kealiakapu across the crater to a point marked
by two Tri. pits a little S.E. of a white house belonging
to Ohua.
24. S 62° 24’ W true 5889 feet along Kealiakapu to a point marked by two Tri. pits and apost near an old house site.
25. S 42° 27’ W true 1698 feet along Kealiakapu to a point marked by two Tri. pits.
26. S 48° 30’ W true 1275 feet along Kealiakapu to a point marked by two Tri. pits.
27. S 32° 55’ W true 3125 feet along Kealiakapu to rock marked with a cross.
28. S 18° 11’ W true 1637 feet along Kealiakapu to rock marked thus

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29. S 25° 00’ W true 2280 feet along Kealiakapu to a rock marked with a cross at
the Commencement of a small gulch.
30. Thence down the bottom of said gulch and large gulch(that reaches the sea near the Heiau) to a point marked
by a cross on the S.E. side of the gulch ata bend in it which point bears from last point S 27° 23’
W true 3663 feet.
31. Thence down the bottom of the gulch passing to the N.W. of a well in the gulch(which well belongs to Kealiakapu) to a large rock marked with a crossand from thence to the sea at a point on the shore at the middle of theharbor; which point bears from the rock on the side of the gulch at
the bend S 33° 57’ W true 1343 feet.
32. Thence following the sea shore to point of Commencement. The traverse
along the shore being as follows:
1. N 56° 7’ W true 150 feet.
2. N 27° 54’ W true 4387 feet.
3. N 39° 14’ W true 4234 feet.
4. N 31° 35’ W true 1640 feet.
5. N 18° 23’ W true 3142 feet to point of Commencement.
Surveyed by M.D. Monsarrat,
Assistant
Hawaiian Government Survey.
Lanai, June 1877.
Hanaia a hooholoia e a‘u ma Lahaina i ka la 29 & 17 o Sept. A.D. 1877.
Komisina P. A. o Maui, 2nd Jud. Circuit.
[Translation]
Executed and moved by me at Lahaina on the 29th & 17th day of Sept. A.D.
1877.
Commissioner of Land Boundaries, Maui, 2nd Jud, Circuit.
[Comprising 7860 Acres.]

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49

Paomai Ahupuaa
Island of Lanai
Boundary Commission Volume No. 2 (pages 35-37)
No. 81
Land of Paomai, Island of Lanai.
Lahaina, Maui, Feb. 28th, 1891.
In the matter of the settlement of the Boundaries ofthe land of Paomai, Island of Molokai Lanai.
Application made by Commissioner of Crown
Lands, Curtis P. Iaukea.
Mr. R.W. Meyer for Honorable C.R. Bishop, Mrs. B.P. Bishop
and himself and Mr. M.D. Monsarrat for the
Hawaiian Government respectively, and having
filed their authorization to act in the premises, thefollowing were agreed to be the Boundaries of thisland, and in accordance with the agreement andtheir [sic] being no parties of interest, it is decreed thatthe Boundaries of the said land of Paomai,
Island of Lanai, are as follows:
Commencing at a cross cut in a rock at a rocky point called
Lae Wahie the boundary runs:
1. S 22° 47’ W true 4482 feet along Mahana to a cross
cut on a stone.
2. S 9° 04’ E true 5279 feet along Mahana to a triangle cut ona stone.
3. S 27° 24’ E true 3830 feet along Mahana to a cross cut ona stone at a place called Halala.
4. Thence along Mahana following up the East edge of thegulch, to a red wood post which bears S 12° 51’ E
true 5995 feet from last point (at a placecalled Puu Kauwela). Thence:
5. Still along Mahana up edge of gulch to a point
on East bank. The traverse from the redwood, post being as follows:
6. S 15° 01’ W true 1076 feet. [page 35]
7. S 37° 05’ E true 2023 feet.

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50

8. S 73° 29’ E true 1928 feet.
9. S 59° 11’ E true 1578 feet.
10. S 14° 03’ East true 1438 feet to above mentioned point.
11. S 37° 17’ W true 1447 feet along Mahana to a red wood
post at head of Paomai gulch and on edgeof a branch of the Maunalei gulch.
12. S 28° 53’ E true 3143 feet along Mahana to three stones
set in a triangle on South edge of branchof Maunalei gulch.
13. S 49° 14’ E true 8425 feet along Mahana to a red wood
post on ridge that comes down from thecentral mountain range (said post being
the North edge of Valley that contains
the water hole of Kaiholena).
14. N 62° 37’ W true 6742.5 feet along Kamoku down above
mentioned ridge and across valley into a small
ridge and down said ridge to a red wood
post at end of same.
15. S 84° 37’ W true 1316.8 feet along Kamoku to a cross
cut on a stone.
16. S 74° 08’ W true 6258 feet along Kamoku passing to theNorth of a couple of Hala clumps to two
triangular pits at an old house site.
17. S 74° 51’ W true 5045 feet along Kamoku to a cross cut on astone at head of gulch.
18. N 86° 06’ W true 1368 feet along Kamoku down South sideof gulch.
19. S 83° 45’ W true 1455 feet along Kamoku to a cross cut ina stone.
20. S 74° 09’ W true 920 feet along Kamoku.
21. N 55° 12’ W true 898 feet along Kamoku across gulch toa red wood post a little West of a cactus clump.
22. N 67° 28’ E true 1475 feet along Kaa to a rock marked thus T.
23. N 56° 34’ E true 1574 feet along Kaa to a red wood post set in
middle of triangular [sic] formed by three stones.
24. N 63° 22’ E true 10649 feet along Kaa to a hugh [huge] rock marked thus ∆ .

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51

25. N 37° 20’ W true 1622 feet along Kaa to a red wood post at a placecalled Kakalani [Kakaalani] from which point Puu Manu
Signal Station bears S 36° 57’ E true.
26. N 59° 42’ W true 13846 feet along bed of shallow ravine
to a rock marked thus.
27. N 54° 19’ W true 3449 feet along Kaa to red wood
post on small hill from which point
Signal of hill Kanepuu bears S 54° 38’ W true. [page 36]
28. N 33° 59’ W true 2310 feet along Kaa to rock marked thus X.
29. N 17° 12’ W true 2334 feet along Kaa to center of triangle
formed by three stones set in the ground.
30. N 11° 57’ W true 14243 feet along Kaa to a red wood post
set in a sandy hill near place called Pohakuloa.
31. N 86° 18’ W true 4574 feet along Kaa to corner of enclosure
at Kamai’s house.
32. S 77° 18’ W true 1776 feet along Kaa;
33. N 89° 09’ W true 4737 feet along Kaa to place called
Hale o Lono.
34. N 83° 47’ E true 10966 feet along sea shore.
35. S 76° 21’ E true 8288 feet along sea shore.
36. S 88° 15’ E true 8889 feet along sea shore topoint of Commencement.
Area 9078.97 Acres.
Costs
Hearing
Certificate
Evidence 1125 words
Certificate 1148 words
Stamp
Advertisement
Total

10.00
2.00
2.81
5.74
1.00
2.00
$23.55Saml. L. Chillingworth
Commissioner of Boundaries II J. C. [page 37]

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52

Mahana Ahupuaa,
District of Lahaina, Island of Lanai,
Boundary Commission, Maui, Volume No. 2 (pages 38-39)
No. 80Land of Mahana, Island of Lanai
Lahaina, Maui, Feb. 28th, 1891.
In the matter of the settlement of the Boundaries ofthe land of Mahana, Island of Lanai.
Application by Prof. W.D. Alexander for the Hawaiian
Government.
F.H. Hazeldon [sic], Esq. and Mr. M.D. Monsarrat W.M. Gibson
and Government and Crown Lands respectively; and having
filed their authorization to act in the premises, thefollowing were agreed to be the boundaries of this land,
and in accordance with the agreement and their [sic] being
no parties of interest, it is decreed that the Boundariesof the said land of Mahana, Island of Lanai,
are as follows:
Commencing at a cross cut in a rock at a rocky point
called Lae Wahie the boundary runs:
1. S 22° 47’ W true 4482 feet along Paomai to a cross
cut on a stone. Hence:
2. S 9° 04’ E true 5279 feet along Paomai to a triangle cut on a stone.
3. S 27° 24’ E true 3830 feet along Paomai to a cross cut on a stone(at a place called Halala).
4. Hence along Paomai following up the East edge ofthe gulch, to a red wood post which bears
S 12° 51’ E true 5995 feet from last point(at a place called Puu Kauwela). Hence:
5. Still along Paomai up edge of gulch to a point on
East bank. The traverse from the red wood
post being as follows:
S 15° 1’ W true 1076 feet.
S 32° 5’ W true 2023 feet.
S 73° 29’ E true 1928 feet.
S 52° 11’ E true 1,578 feet.
S 14° 3’ E true 1438 feet to above mentioned post.

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53

6. S 37° 17’ W true 1447 feet along Paomai to a red wood
post at head of Paomai gulch and onedge of a branch of the Maunalei gulch.
7. Thence S 28° 53’ E true 3143 feet along Paomai tothree stones set in a triangle on South edgeof branch of Maunalei gulch. Hence: [page 38]
8. S 49° 14’ E true 8425 feet along Paomai to a red wood
post on ridge that comes down from thecentral mountain range (said post beingon North edge of Valley that contains thewater hole of Kaiholena).
9. N 0° 41’ E true 3555 feet along Kalulu to a red wood
post on the summit of a hill called Puu
Kukai on West edge of Maunalei Valley. Hence:
10. N 36° 26’ W true 5265 feet along Maunalei to end of aridge called Naio.
11. N 29° 42’ E true 20513 feet along Maunalei Valley
down ridge and bottom of Valley to a red wood poston the sea shore. Hence along shore to pointof commencement. The traverse along the shore being
as follows:
N 48° 9’ W
true 2878 feet.
N 57° 7’ W true 2267 feet.
N 65° 37’ W true 2074 feet.
N 72° 34’ W true 5610 feet.
N 79° 12’ W true 7269 feet to point of commencement.
Area 7973.37 Acres.
Costs
Hearing
Certificate
Evidence 613 words
Certificate 715 words
Stamp
Advertisement$10.002.00
1.53 ¼
3.57 ½
1.00
2.00$20.10Saml. L. Chillingworth
Commissioner of Boundaries II J.C. [page 39]

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54

Kaa Ahupuaa
District of Lahaina, Island of Lanai
Boundary Commission, Maui, Volume No. 2 (pages 40-41)
Land of Kaa, Island of Lanai
Lahaina, Maui, Feb. 28th, 1891
In the matter of the settlement of the Boundaries of theland of Kaa, Island of Lanai.
Application by William G. Irwin & Co.
Mr. M.D. Monsarrat for Wm. G Irwin & Co., Commissionerof Crown Lands and the Hawaiian Government,
respectively, and having filed his authorizationto act in the premises, the following were agreed
to be the Boundaries of the land, and in accordancewith the agreement and their [sic] being no other parties ofinterest, it is decreed that the Boundaries of thesaid land of Kaa, Island of Lanai, are as
follows:
Commencing at a red wood post at a place called
Kakaalani from which point Puu Manu Sig.
Sta. bears S 36° 57’ E true. Thence the Boundary runs:
1. N 59° 42’ W true 13846 feet along Paomai along bedof shallow ravine to rock marked X.
2. N 54° 19’ W true 3449 feet along Paomai to red wood
post on small hill from which point signalof hill Kanepuu bears S 54° 38’ W true.
3. N 33° 59’ W true 2310 feet along Paomai to rock m’k’d X.
4. N 17° 12’ W true 2334 feet along Paomai to center of triangle
formed by three stones set in the ground.
5. N 11° 57’ W true 14243 feet to a red wood post set insandy hill near place called Pohakuloa.
6. N 86° 18’ W true 4574 feet along Paomai to corner ofenclosure at Kamai’s house.
7. S 77° 18’ W true 1776 feet along Paomai.
8. N 89° 9’ W true 4737 feet along Paomai to place called
Hale o Lono.
9. N 88° 46’ W true 1309 feet along sea shore.
10. S 77 50’ W true 3970 feet along sea shore.
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55

11. S 59° 48’ W true 6600 feet along sea shore.
12. S 55° 15’ W true 2008 feet along sea shore.
13. S 11° 10’ W true 3453 feet along sea shore.
14. S 12° 58’ W true 3995 feet along sea shore.
15. S 25° 20’ E true 7135 feet along sea shore.
16. S 48° 30’ E true 1010 feet along sea shore.
17. S 60° 03’ E true 4860 feet along sea shore. [page 40]
18. S 72° 30’ E true 4995 feet along sea shore.
19. S 52° 39’ E true 8822 feet along sea shore.
20. S 29° 09’ E true 5415 feet along sea shore.
21. S 29° 57’ E true 4635 feet along sea shore to Kamoku
Boundary.
22. N 68° 53’ E true 1664 feet along Kamoku to a point 10feet East of a large rock with a cross cut in it.
23. N 70° 33’ E true 3590 feet along Kamoku up Northedge of gulch to rock marked thus X.
24. N 64° 57’ E true [illegible] feet along Kamoku up Northedge of gulch to rock marked thus X.
25. N 65° 58’ E true 1617 feet along Kamoku to a redwood post a little to the West of a cactus
clump on North edge of gulch.
26. N 67° 28’ E true 1475 feet along Paomai to rockmarked thus T.
27. N 56° 34’ E true 1574 feet along Paomai to red wood
post set in middle of triangle formed bythree stones;
28. N 63° 22’ E true 10649 feet along Paomai to hugh [huge]rock marked ∆ .
29. N 37° 20’ W true 1622 feet along Paomai to point ofCommencement.
Area 19468.31 Acres.
Samuel L. Chillingworth
Commissioner of Boundaries II J.C.

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56

CostsHearing
Stamp
Certificate
Certificate 685 words
Evidence 760 words
Advertisement$10.00
1.00
2.00
3.42
1.90
$18.322.00$20.32 [page 41]

Lāna‘i Boundary Commission Proceedings (1876-1891)
Manuscript of the Lāna‘i Culture & Heritage Center
Compiled by Kepā & Onaona Maly (Kumu Pono Associates LLC)

57