኱ศ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱⚟♴⛉Ꮫ㒊◊✲⣖せ㸦Res. Bull. Fac. Educ.䠃Welf. Sci., Oita Univ.䠅

115ࢫࣆࣀࢨࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕ┿ࡢほᛕࠖࡢศᯒ㯮 ᕝ ໏ ࣭㜿 ፋ㸨㸨㸨࠙せ ᪨ࠚ  ࢫࣆࣀࢨဴᏛࡢ᪉ἲࡣ┿ࡢほᛕࡢ཯┬࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ㸪ࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘࡟࠾࠸࡚ㄽࡌࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪ࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢫࣆࣀࢨࡢ┿ࡢほᛕࡢศᯒࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪┿ࡢほᛕࡢ≉ᚩࡢゎ᫂ࢆヨࡳࡿࠋ ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡢ⌮ゎࡍࡿ┿ࡢほᛕࡣ㸪☜ᐇᛶ࡜┿⌮ᛶ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮡᅾㄽⓗ࡟ࡣ⊂❧ᛶࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗ࡟ࡣ᏶⤖ᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ෆⓗ≉ᚩࢆࡶࡘࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࡢෆⓗ≉ᚩ࡜ࡣ㸪࡞࡟ࡼࡾࡶࡲࡎ༢⣧ᛶ࡜᫂ᬓุ᫂ᛶ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣮࣮࠙࢟࣡ࢻࠚ  ┿ࡢほᛕ ཯┬ⓗㄆ㆑ ෆⓗ≉ᚩ ༢⣧ᛶࡣࡌࡵ࡟
┠ⓗᆅࡀᐃࡲࢀࡤ㸪ࡑࡇ࡟⮳ࡿ㐨ࡀḟ࡟ồࡵࡽࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣ୺ⴭ࢚ࠗࢳ࢝࠘ࡢᗎㄽ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᪉ἲㄽ࡜┠ࡉࢀࡿࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪⮬ࡽࡢဴᏛࡢ┠ⓗࢆࠕ୙᩿᭱
㧗ࡢ႐ࡧࡢỌ㐲࡞ாཷࠖ㸪ࠕỌ㐲↓㝈࡞ࡶࡢ࡟ᑐࡍࡿឡࠖ࡜࿧ࡧ㸪ே㛫ࡢ᭱㧗᏶඲ᛶࢆࠕ඲⮬↛࡜⢭⚄ࡢྜ୍ᛶࡢㄆ㆑㸦cognitio unionis, quam mens cum tota Natura habet㸧ࠖ࡜ᐃࡵࡿ 㸧ࠋࢫࣆࣀࢨ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㸪ၿ࡜ࡣࡑࡢ႐ࡧ࡬࡜⮬ࡽࢆᑟࡃ㐨࡜ࡋ࡚ᙺ❧ࡘࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓࡑࡢ႐ࡧࢆ࡛ࡁࡿ㝈ࡾ௚ࡢேࠎ࡜ඹ࡟ாཷࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡿࠋࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣ๓⪅ࢆࠕ┿ࡢၿࠖ㸪ᚋ⪅ࢆࠕ᭱㧗ࡢၿࠖ࡜࿧ࡪࠋ႐ࡧࢆ௚ࡢேࠎ࡜ඹ࡟ாཷࡍࡿ᭱㧗ࡢၿࡣ㸪௚ࡢேࠎ࡜ࡢඹྠ⏕ά඲య㸪ࡘࡲࡾ♫఍࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳ㐩ᡂࡉࢀ࠺ࡿࠋ᭱㧗ࡢၿࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣⰋ࠸♫఍ࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚⾜࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪Ⰻ࠸♫఍ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ⮬↛ࡢᮏᛶࡢㄆ㆑࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ㐨ᚨဴᏛ㸪ᩍ⫱Ꮫ㸪་Ꮫ㸪ᶵᲔᏛࡀᩚഛࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡇࡢ᭱㧗ࡢၿࡣᮏ㉁ⓗ࡟඲⮬↛࡜⢭⚄ࡢྜ୍ᛶࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ⋓ᚓ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㐩ᡂࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓࡑࡢᇶ♏ࢆㅖᏛၥࡢᩚഛ࡟㈇࠺࡚࠸ࡿ 㸧ࠋࡑࢀᨾ࡟㸪ࡲࡎ┿ࡢၿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㸪඲⮬↛࡜⢭⚄ࡢྜ୍ᛶࡢㄆ㆑࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕㄆ㆑ࠖࢆ┿ࡓࡽࡋࡵࡿ㐨࡛࠶ࡾ㸪᪉ἲࡓࡿࡶࡢࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࠕఱࡼࡾࡶඛ࡟▱ᛶࢆ▹ṇࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࢆ࡛ࡁࡿ㝈ࡾί໬ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㤳ᑿࡼࡃ㸪ㄗࡾ࡞ࡋ࡟㸪࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅṇࡋࡃ㸪஦≀ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪉ἲࢆ⪃࠼ฟࡉ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㹿㺁㸦 ⠇㸧ᖹᡂ  ᖺ  ᭶  ᪥ཷ⌮㸨ࡃࢁ࠿ࢃ࣭࠸ࡉ࠾ ኱ศ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱⚟♴⛉Ꮫ㒊♫఍ㄆ㆑ᩍ⫱ㅮᗙ㸦ဴᏛ㸧㸨㸨࠶࣭࡞኱ศ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉ᩍ⛉ᩍ⫱ᑓᨷ♫఍⛉ᩍ⫱ᑓಟ

116㯮 ᕝ࣭㜿 ፋࡲࡉ࡟㸪ࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘ࡢ୺㢟ࢆ♧ࡍ⾲㢟ࡢ඲యࡀ㸪ࠗ▱ᛶࡢᨵၿ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㸪୪ࡧ࡟▱ᛶࡀ஦≀ࡢ┿ࡢㄆ㆑࡟ᑟ࠿ࢀࡿࡓࡵࡢ᭱ၿࡢ㐨࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄽᩥ㸦Tractatus de intellectus emendatine, etvia, qua optime in veram rerum cognitionem dirigitur㸧࠘࡜ࡉࢀࡿᡤ௨࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ✏ࡢ┠ⓗࡣ㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨဴᏛ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᪉ἲㄽࡢゎ᫂࡟఩⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪≉࡟᪉ἲㄽࡢ୰᰾࡜࡞ࡿࢫࣆࣀࢨࡢࠕ┿ࡢほᛕ㸦idea vera㸧ࠖࡢศᯒࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪┿ࡢほᛕࡢ≉ᚩ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡢ᪉ἲࡢ≉ᚩⓗ࡞ᛶ᱁ࢆᾋࡁ᙮ࡾ࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎ㸪⪃ᐹࡢㄽⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚ὀ┠ࡍࡿࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘ࡢゝ⾲ࡣḟࡢ஧ࡘࡢ⠇࡛࠶ࡿࠋ  ࠕࡴࡋࢁ㸪᪉ἲࡣ┿ࡢほᛕࢆ௚ࡢㅖ▱ぬ࠿ࡽ༊ูࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࡢᮏᛶࢆ᥈ồࡋ㸪┿ࡢほᛕࡀ࠸࠿࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝᡃࠎࡢ⌮ゎ⬟ຊࢆ▱ࡾ㸪⌮ゎࡍ࡭ࡁࡍ࡭࡚ࢆࡑࡢつ⠊࡟ᚑࡗ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺⢭⚄ࢆไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟㸪ࡲࡓࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢ⿵ຓᡭẁ࡜ࡋ࡚☜ᐇ࡞つ๎ࢆ୚࠼㸪⢭⚄ࢆ↓┈࡞ࡶࡢ࠿ࡽ↹ࢃࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺㓄៖ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡿࠋࠖ ⠇ ࠕࡑࢀᨾ࡟㸪᪉ἲ࡜ࡣ཯┬ⓗㄆ㆑࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣほᛕࡢほᛕ࡟௚࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀᖐ⤖ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑ
ࡋ࡚ࡲࡎほᛕࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤほᛕࡢほᛕࡣ࠶ࡾ࠼࡞࠸࠿ࡽ㸪୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓ┿ࡢほᛕࡢつ⠊࡟ᚑࡗ࡚⢭⚄ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᑟ࠿ࢀࡿ࠿ࢆ♧ࡍ᪉ἲࡀṇࡋ࠸᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ  ⠇   ⠇࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ┿ࡢほᛕࡢศᯒ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪୺࡟┿ࡢほᛕࢆ௚ࡢㅖ▱ぬ࠿ࡽࡢ༊ู࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢศᯒࡣࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘ࠕ᪉ἲࡢ➨୍㒊ࠖ࡜ྡ௜ࡅࡽࢀࡓ⪃ᐹ࡟ヱᙜࡍࡿࠋ┿ࡢほᛕࡢ≉ᚩࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿᮏ✏ࡢ┠ⓗࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ࠕ᪉ἲࡢ➨୍㒊ࠖࡢㄞゎࡀ୍ࡘࡢㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪 ⠇࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࢫࣆࣀࢨࡢ᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ≉ᚩࡀ㸪ࠕ཯┬ⓗㄆ㆑࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣほᛕࡢほᛕ㸦cognitio reflexiva aut idea ideae㸧ࠖ࡜➃ⓗ࡟♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢫࣆࣀࢨࡢ᪉ἲࡢ≉ᚩⓗ࡞ᛶ᱁ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿᮏ✏ࡢ┠ⓗࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ࠕ཯┬ⓗㄆ㆑࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣほᛕࡢほᛕࠖࡢព⩏ࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ⥆࠸࡚㸪ࡇࢀࡽ஧ࡘࡢㄢ㢟࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡓࡵ࡟㸪ࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘ࡢⴭ㏙ࡢ㡰ᗎ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚㸪ࡲࡎࠕ཯┬ⓗㄆ㆑࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣほᛕࡢほᛕࠖࡢព⩏࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄽ㏙ࢆ㛤ጞࡋࡓ࠸ࠋϨ ཯┬ⓗㄆ㆑࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣほᛕࡢほᛕ ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣ᪉ἲ࡜ࡣ┿ࡢほᛕࡢ཯┬࡛࠶ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࢆࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘ ⠇㸫⠇࡟࠾࠸࡚ㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘ࡢ┠ⓗࡣ㸪஦≀ࢆㄗࡾ࡞ࡋ࡟ṇࡋࡃ⌮ゎࡍࡿ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠕ஦≀ࢆ┿ṇ࡟ㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࠖࡓࡵࡢ᪉ἲࡢⓎぢ࡜᏶ᡂ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ࡲࡎࡇࢀࡲ࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚᮶ࡓࠕ▱ぬᵝᘧ㸦modus percipiendi㸧ࠖࢆ᳨ドࡋ㸪᭱ၿࡢ▱ぬᵝᘧࢆ㑅ᢥࡋ࡚࠾࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࢫࣆ
ࣀࢨࡣ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚᮶ࡓ▱ぬᵝᘧࢆḟࡢᅄࡘ࡟㑏ඖࡍࡿ 㸧ࠋ$㸧⪺ࡁぬ࠼㸪័⩦ⓗグྕ࠿ࡽࡢ▱ぬ%㸧₍↛࡜ࡋࡓ⤒㦂࠿ࡽࡢ▱ぬ&㸧ࡑࡢᮏ㉁ࡀ௚ࡢ஦≀࠿ࡽ⤖ㄽࡉࢀࡿ▱ぬ'㸧ࡑࡢᮏ㉁ࡢࡳ࡟ࡼࡿ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡑࡢ᭱㏆ཎᅉ࡟ࡼࡿ▱ぬࢫࣆࣀࢨࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕ┿ࡢほᛕࠖࡢศᯒ117࠾ࡼࡑ┿ṇ࡞ㄆ㆑࡜ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ஦≀ࡢᮏ㉁ࢆ▱ᛶ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ㸪 $㸧ࡢ▱ぬࡀ୙☜ᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸦%㸧ࡢ▱ぬࡣ▱ᛶ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡲࡓࡑࡢ▱ぬ࠿ࡽࡣ஦≀ࡢࠕഅ᭷ᛶ㸦accidentia㸧ࠖࡢ௚࡟ఱࡶࡢࡶ▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡶ㸪ࡑࡢഅ᭷ᛶࡢ▱ぬࡣ㸪ㄆ㆑ࡢ㡰ᗎ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪അ᭷ᛶࡀᖐᒓࡍࡿᮏ㉁ࡀࡲࡎㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ᫂░࡟⌮ゎࡉࢀ࠼࡞࠸ࠋ㸦&㸧ࡢ▱ぬࡣ࠸ࢃࡤᖐ⣡㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ₇⧢࡜࠸࠺ㄽ⌮ⓗ᥎ㄽ࡟ࡼࡿ▱ぬ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᖐ⣡࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ⤖ᯝ࡟࠾࠸࡚⌮ゎࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ௨እ㸪ཎᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀ
ࡣཎᅉࡢᮏ㉁࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ཎᅉࡢࠕ≉ᛶᲢpropriaᲣࠖࡢ⌮ゎ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪ఱࡽ࠿ࡢ≉ᛶࢆ࡜ࡶ࡞࠺ᬑ㐢ⓗᴫᛕ࠿ࡽ⤖ㄽࡍࡿ₇⧢ࡣ㸪ㄗㅸࡢ༴㝤࡞ࡋ࡟⤖ㄽࢆୗࡋ࠺ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡶࡲࡓᬑ㐢ⓗᴫᛕࡢศᯒ࡟ࡼࡿ஦≀ࡢ≉ᛶࡢ⌮ゎ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡾ㸪ࡇࡢ஦≀ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢࠕ≉Ṧⓗᮏ㉁㸦essentia particularis㸧ࠖࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪
㸦$㸧㸪
㸦%㸧㸪 &㸧ࡢ▱ぬᵝᘧࡣ┿ṇ࡞ㄆ㆑࡜ࡋ࡚୙༑ศ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚᭱ᚋ࡟㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣ஦≀ࡢᮏ㉁ࡢ▱ᛶ࡟ࡼࡿㄆ㆑ࡢᵝᘧ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪㸦'㸧
ࠕࡑࡢᮏ㉁ࡢࡳ࡟ࡼࡿ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡑࡢ᭱㏆ཎᅉࡼࡿ▱ぬ㸦perceptio est, ubi res percipitur per solam suam essentiam, vel percognitionem suae proximae causae㸧ࠖࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ  ࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣ᭱ၿࡢ▱ぬᵝᘧࢆ☜ᐃࡋ㸪⥆࠸࡚ࡑࡢᵝᘧ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡍࡿ᪉
ἲࡢ⪃ᐹ࡟⛣ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣ᪉ἲࡢⓎぢ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⊂⮬ࡢぢゎࢆ♧ࡍࠋࠕ┿⌮᥈✲ࡢ᭱ၿࡢ᪉ἲࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡍࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ┿⌮᥈✲ࡢ᪉ἲࢆ᥈ồࡍࡿ௚ࡢ᪉ἲࡣᚲせ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡲࡓ➨஧ࡢ᪉ἲࢆ᥈ồࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ௚ࡢ➨୕ࡢ᪉ἲࡀᚲせ࡞ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࠖ㸦 ⠇㸧ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣ᪉ἲⓎぢࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢⓎぢࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪉ἲࡀࡉࡽ࡟ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠕ᪉ἲࡢ↓㝈㐳⾜ࠖࢆ㏥ࡅࡿ 㸧ࠋே㛫ࡣࡲࡎࠕ⏕ᚓࡢ㐨ල㸦innatum instrumentum㸧ࠖࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ࡼࡾࡼ࠸㐨ලࢆసࡾ㸪ḟ➨࡟ࡼ࠸௙஦ࢆ࡞ࡋ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡼ࠸㐨ලࡢసฟ࡬࡜㐍ࢇ࡛⾜ࡃࠋ᪉ἲⓎぢ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝ࡟㸪ே㛫ࡣࠕ⏕ᚓࡢຊ㸦vis sua nativa㸧ࠖࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࠕ▱ⓗ㐨ල㸦instrumenta
intellectualia㸧ࠖࢆసࡾ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡼࡾࡼ࠸▱ⓗ⾜ືࢆ࡞ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣ▱ᛶࢆ⏕ᚓࡢຊ㸪┿ࡢほᛕࢆ⏕ᚓࡢ㐨ල࡜ぢ࡞ࡋ㸪ࠕ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㸦data㸧ࠖࡶࡢ࡜ᤊ࠼
࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀᨾ࡟㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᪉ἲࡢⓎぢ࡜᏶ᡂࡢጞ※ࡣ㸪ࡍ࡛࡟୚࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ▱ᛶ࡟ࡼࡿ┿ࡢほᛕࡢศᯒ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ ⥆ࡃࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘ ⠇㸫 ⠇࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣ┿ࡢほᛕࡢศᯒ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪┿ࡢほᛕࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞≉ᚩࢆᢳฟࡍࡿࠋࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣ┿ࡢほᛕ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏙࡭ࡿࠋࠕ┿ࡢほᛕ㸦ᐇ㝿㸪ᡃࠎࡣ┿ࡢほᛕࢆࡶࡘ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ㸧ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᑐ㇟࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪෇࡜෇ࡢほᛕ࡜ࡣูࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㸪෇ࡢほᛕࡣ෇ࡢࡼ࠺
࡟෇࿘࡜୰ᚰࢆࡶࡘࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋྠᵝ࡟ࡲࡓ㸪㌟యࡢほᛕࡣ㌟యࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡛
ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ほᛕࡀᑐ㇟࡜␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡟ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀ⮬య࡛㸪⌮ゎࡉࢀ࠺ࡿࡶ
ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ほᛕࡣࡑࡢᙧ┦ⓗᮏ㉁࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ぢࢀࡤ௚ࡢ᝿ᛕⓗᮏ㉁ࡢᑐ㇟࡛࠶
ࡾ࠺ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪ࡇࡢ௚ࡢ᝿ᛕⓗᮏ㉁ࡣࡲࡓࡑࢀ⮬㌟࡟࠾࠸࡚ぢࢀࡤ㸪ᐇᅾⓗ࡞⌮ゎࡉࢀ࠺ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚↓㝿㝈࡟㐍ࡴ㹿㺁㸦 ⠇㸧118㯮 ᕝ࣭㜿 ፋࢫࣆࣀࢨ࠾࠸࡚┿ࡢほᛕ࡜ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢほᛕࡢࠕᑐ㇟㸦ideatum, objectum㸧ࠖ࡜ࡣࠕ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢ
㸦diversum㸧࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾ㸪௚ࡢほᛕࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿࠕᐇᅾⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ㸦quid reale㸧ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᑐ㇟࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ௚ࡢ࡞࡟࠿࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⌮ゎࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࠕࡑࢀ⮬య࡛⌮ゎࡉࢀࡿ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ㸦per sealiquid intelligibile㸧ࠖ㸪ಶูⓗ࡛ᐇᅾⓗ࡞⊂❧ᛶࢆࡶࡘࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
୍᪉㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣᏑᅾ࡟࠾࠸࡚↓㝿㝈࡞ᑐ㇟໬ࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿ┿ࡢほᛕ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ㄆ㆑࡟࠾࠸࡚┿ṇ࡞ㄆ㆑࡜ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ஦≀࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ┿࡟ほᛕࢆᚓࡿࡢࡳ࡛༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪࣌ࢸࣟ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚┿࡟▱ࡿ࡜ࡣ㸪࣌ࢸࣟࡢᮏ㉁࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ┿ࡢほᛕࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾ㸪࣌ࢸࣟ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚┿࡟▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡿ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ࣌ࢸࣟࡢᮏ㉁ࡢ┿ࡢほᛕࡢほᛕࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿᚲせࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⚾ࡀఱ஦࠿ࢆ▱ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࡍ࡛࡟▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡑࡢ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡾ㸪⚾ࡀఱ஦࠿ࢆ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢṇࡋࡉࢆ௚࠿ࡽ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣእ࠿ࡽ☜ㄆࡍࡿᚲせࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏙࡭㸪ࡉࡽ࡟┿ࡢほᛕࡢ≉ᚩࢆᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࠋ
ࠕࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡋ࡚㸪☜ᐇᛶ࡜ࡣ᝿ᛕⓗᮏ㉁ࡑࡢࡶࡢ௨እࡢఱࡶࡢ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋゝ࠸᥮࠼ࢀࡤ㸪ᙧ┦ⓗᮏ㉁ࢆឤཷࡍࡿᵝᘧࡢ୰࡟ࡇࡑ☜ᐇᛶࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟
ࡼࡗ࡚ࡉࡽ࡟㸪┿⌮࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜࠿࡟࡞ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪┿ࡢほᛕࢆࡶࡘࡇ࡜௨እࡢ௚ࡢᶆ㆑ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪ࡍ࡛࡟♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪⚾ࡀ▱ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡿᚲせࡀ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸦 ⠇㸧ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜㸪┿ࡢほᛕ࣭ࠕ᝿ᛕⓗᮏ㉁㸦essentia objectiva㸧ࠖࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜
ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀ㸪▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢṇࡋࡉ࡜ࠕ☜ᐇᛶ㸦certitudo㸧㺁ࢆ඲య࡛♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ࡇ ࡢ ☜ ᐇ ᛶ ࡣ ࠕ ᙧ ┦ ⓗ ᮏ ㉁ ࢆ ឤ ཷ ࡍ ࡿ ᵝ ᘧ 㸦 modus, quo sentimus essentiam
formalem㸧ࠖ࡟ゝ࠸᥮࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪┿ࡢほᛕࡢ☜ᐇᛶ࡜ࡣᙧ┦ⓗᮏ㉁㸦ほᛕࡢᑐ㇟ࡢᮏ㉁㸧࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ぢࡿ࡜ࡁ㸪┿ࡢほᛕࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡟ෆᅾࡍࡿ㸪ᑐ㇟ࢆ࠸࠿࡟ࡋ࡚ᢕᥱࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡜
࠸࠺ᵝᘧ࣭௙᪉࡟࠶ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡲࡉ࡟┿⌮࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜࠿࡟࡞ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪┿ࡢほᛕࢆࡶࡘࡇ࡜௨እࡢ௚ࡢࠕᶆ㆑㸦signo㸧ࠖࢆᚲせ࡜ࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ 㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛㸪ᮏ✏ࡢㄢ㢟ࡢ୍ࡘࠕ཯┬ⓗㄆ㆑࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣほᛕࡢほᛕࠖࡢព⩏ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘ ⠇㸫 ⠇࡟ᚑࡗ࡚⪃ᐹࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࢫࣆࣀࢨ࡟࠾࠸࡚᪉ἲࡀ㸪཯┬ⓗㄆ㆑࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣほᛕࡢほᛕ࡟௚࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿᡤ௨ࡣ㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡢ᪉ἲ࡜┿ࡢほᛕ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⊂⮬ࡢぢゎ࡟࠶ࡿࠋࢫ
ࣆࣀࢨࡣࠕ᪉ἲࡢ↓㝈㐳⾜ࠖࢆ㏥ࡅ࠺ࡿ࡜⪃࠼㸪ே㛫ࡣ⏕ᚓࡢ▱ᛶࡢຊࢆ᭷ࡋ㸪┿ࡢほᛕࢆ⏕ᚓࡢ㐨ල࣭᪉ἲࡢⓎぢ࡜᏶ᡂࡢጞ※࡜ࡋ࡚୚࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ぢ࡞ࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࡢ᪉ἲࡢጞ※࡛࠶ࡿ┿ࡢほᛕࡣ㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᑐ㇟ࡢࡓࢇ࡞ࡿᑐᛂ≀࣭㝃ᖏ≀࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ಶูⓗ࡛ᐇᅾⓗ࡞⊂❧ᛶࢆࡶࡘ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࡑࢀ⮬య࡛⌮ゎࡉࢀࡿ⮬㌟ࡢᮏ㉁ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺㸪ᇶᮏⓗ࡞≉ᚩࢆࡶࡘࠋࡑࡋ࡚ྠ᫬࡟㸪┿ࡢほᛕࡣࡑࡢ☜ᐇᛶࡸ┿⌮ᛶࡢᶆ㆑ࢆ⮬㌟ࡢእ㒊࡟࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ෆ㒊࡟ࡶࡕࠕ┿⌮࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⮬ࡽ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿ㸦veritas se ipsam patefacit㸧ࠖ㸪☜ᐇᛶࡸ┿⌮ᛶ࡟࠾࠸࡚⮬ᕫ᏶⤖ᛶ࡜⬟ືᛶࢆ≉ᚩ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࡘࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ 㸧ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㸪஧ࡘࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞≉ᚩࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᨾ࡟㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨ࡟࠾࠸࡚┿ṇ࡞ㄆ㆑ࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪉ἲࡣ㸪ࠕ┿ࡢつ⠊㸦verae ideae norma㸧ࠖࢆࡑࢀ⮬㌟ࡢෆ࡟ࡶࡘ┿ࡢほᛕ⮬యࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿㄆ㆑㸪┿ࡢほᛕࡢ཯┬ⓗㄆ㆑࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣほᛕࡢほᛕ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࢫࣆࣀࢨࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕ┿ࡢほᛕࠖࡢศᯒ

119ϩ ┿ࡢほᛕࡢ௚ࡢㅖ▱ぬ࠿ࡽࡢ༊ู
ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣ┿ࡢほᛕࡢᮏᛶࢆ᥈ồࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘ࠕ᪉ἲࡢ➨୍㒊ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪┿ࡢほᛕ࡜௚ࡢㅖ▱ぬ㸫ࠕ⹫ᵓࡢほᛕ㸦idea ficta㸧㺁㸪㺀⹫ഇࡢほᛕ㸦idea falsa㸧㺁㸪ࠕ␲ࢃࡋ࠸ほᛕ㸦idea dubia㸧ࠖ㸫࡜ࡢ༊ูࢆ  ⠇㸫 ⠇࡟࠾࠸࡚⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸶㸧ࠋ⥆࠸࡚㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢㅖ▱ぬ࡜ࡢ༊ู࡟ࡼࡿ┦㐪Ⅼࢆぢ࡚⾜ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪┿ࡢほᛕࡢ≉ᚩࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ࡚⾜ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ㸯 ⹫ᵓࡢほᛕࡲࡎ㸪⹫ᵓࡉࢀࡓほᛕ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣࠕࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ▱ぬࡣ㸪Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ஦≀࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡞ࡉࢀࡿ࠿㸪ᮏ㉁࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡿ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠖ㸦 ⠇㸧࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࠕ⹫ᵓ
㸦fictio㸧ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࡇࡢ஧ࡘࡢ༊ศ࡟ᚑࡗ᳨࡚ドࡋ࡚⾜ࡃࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ࠕᏑᅾ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⹫ᵓࠖ
࡜ࠕᮏ㉁࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⹫ᵓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎ㸪Ꮡᅾ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⹫ᵓ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ⹫ᵓࡢᡂ❧ࡍࡿ᮲௳ࢆḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏙࡭ࡿࠋ㺀ࡓࢇ࡟ྍ⬟ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛㸪ᚲ↛ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚୙ྍ⬟࡞ࡶࡢ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㉳ࡇࡾ࠼࡞࠸ࠖ㸦 ⠇㸧ࡘࡲࡾ㸪ࠕᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡑࡢᮏᛶ࡟▩┪ࡍࡿ୙ྍ⬟࡞ࡇ࡜ࠖ㸪ࠕᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࡑࡢᮏᛶ࡟▩┪ࡍࡿᚲ↛ⓗ࡞ࡇ࡜ࠖ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㉳ࡇࡽࡎ㸪ࠕࡑࢀࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚ࡶࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶᮏᛶ࡟▩┪ࡋ࡞࠸ྍ⬟ⓗ࡞ࡇ࡜ࠖ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸪ࠕࡑࡢᏑᅾࡢᚲ↛ᛶཬࡧ୙ྍ⬟ᛶࡢእⓗཎᅉࢆ▱ࡽ࡞࠸ሙྜࠖ࡟㸪⹫ᵓࡣ⏕ࡌࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏑᅾ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⹫ᵓࡢᡂ❧᮲௳ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᏑᅾࡢᡂྰࡀᮏᛶ࡟▩┪ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡢᏑᅾࡢእⓗཎᅉ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ↓▱࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪Ꮡᅾ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⹫ᵓࡢᡂ❧᮲௳ࡀᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪⹫ᵓࢆ㏥ࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪉ἲࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎ㸪ࡑࡢ஦≀ࡢᮏᛶࢆ▱ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢᏑᅾ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚▩┪ࡢ᭷↓ࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢᏑᅾࡀᮏᛶ࡟↷ࡽࡋ࡚㸪ࠕ୙ྍ⬟㸦impossibilia㸧ࠖཬࡧࠕᚲ↛ⓗ㸦necessaria㸧ࠖ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࡑࡢ஦≀࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮡᅾࢆ⹫ᵓࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࠶ࡾ࠼࡞࠸ࠋ⥆࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡢᏑᅾࡢእⓗཎᅉࢆ▱ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢᏑᅾࡀᮏᛶ࡟↷ࡽࡋ࡚ࠕྍ⬟㸦possibilia㸧࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡟ࡘ
࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᏑᅾࡢᡂྰࡣࠕእⓗཎᅉ㸦causa externa㸧ࠖ࡟౫Ꮡࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ㸪ࡇࡢእⓗཎᅉࢆ▱ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࡑࡢ஦≀࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮡᅾࢆ⹫ᵓࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣὀព࡟್ࡍࡿ஦㡯࡜ࡋ࡚ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕᏑᅾࡣࡼࡾ୍⯡ⓗ࡟⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࡯࡝ΰ஘ࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡽࢀ㸪ࡼࡾᐜ᫆࡟ᵝࠎ࡞஦≀࡟௜ຍࡉࢀ࠺ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪ࡼࡾ≉Ṧⓗ࡟⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪ࡼࡾ᫂ᬓ࡟⪃࠼ࡽࢀ㸪⮬↛ࡢ⛛ᗎ࡟ὀពࡏࡎ࡟㸪ࡑࡢࡶࡢ௨እࡢ௚ࡢࡶࡢ࡟௜ຍࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡼࡾᅔ㞴࡜࡞ࡿࠋࠖ㸦 ⠇㸧ࡇࡢὀពࢆࡶྜࢃࡏ࡚⪃࠼ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࡑࡢᏑᅾࡢᡂྰࢆỴᐃࡍࡿእⓗཎᅉ࣭ࠕ⮬↛ࡢ⛛ᗎ㸦naturae ordo㸧ࠖࢆ▱ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢᏑᅾࢆࠕ≉Ṧⓗ㸦particularis㸧ࠖ࡟⪃࠼ࡿ᫬㸪⹫ᵓࢆࡶࡣࡸᡂࡋ࠼࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪Ꮡᅾ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⹫ᵓࢆ㏥ࡅࡿ᪉ἲࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ஦≀ࡢᮏᛶࡢㄆ㆑㸪እⓗཎᅉ࣭⮬↛ࡢ⛛ᗎࡢㄆ㆑㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡢᏑᅾࡢ≉Ṧⓗ࡞ㄆ㆑࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡜ࡾࢃࡅ㸪ࡲࡎࡑࡢ஦

120㯮 ᕝ࣭㜿 ፋ≀ࡢᮏᛶࡢㄆ㆑ࡀᚲせ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ㸪஦≀ࡢᮏ㉁࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⹫ᵓࡀ┳◚ࡉࢀ࡞࠸㝈ࡾ㸪Ꮡᅾ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⹫ᵓࢆ㑊ࡅࡿ᪉ἲࡣᡂ❧ࡋ࠼࡞࠸ࠋ⥆࠸࡚㸪ࡇࡢᮏ㉁࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⹫ᵓࢆぢ࡚⾜ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ
 ᮏ㉁࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⹫ᵓ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ⹫ᵓࡢᡂ❧ࡍࡿ᮲௳ࢆḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏙࡭ࡿࠋࠕ⹫ᵓࡉࢀࡓほᛕࡣ᫂ᬓุ࡛᫂ࡣ࠶ࡾ࠼ࡎ㸪඲ࡃΰ஘ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢΰ஘ࡣ㸪ࡲ࡜ࡲࡗࡓ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣከࡃࡢࡶࡢ࠿ࡽྜᡂࡉࢀࡓ஦≀ࢆ㸪ࡓࡔ㒊ศⓗ࡟ࡢࡳ▱ࡾ㸪▱ࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢࢆ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࠿ࡽ༊ูࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜㸪᭦࡟ྛࠎࡢ஦≀࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿከࡃࡢࡶࡢ࡟༊ูࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡋ࡟ྠ᫬࡟ὀពࡍࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪⏕ࡌࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸦 ⠇㸧ᮏ㉁࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⹫ᵓࡢࡶ࡜࡟ࡣࠕΰ஘ࡋࡓ㸦confusa㸧ࠖㄆ㆑ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢΰ஘ࡋࡓㄆ㆑ࢆᅇ㑊ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪ᮏ㉁࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⹫ᵓࢆ㏥ࡅࡿ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣ㸪ࠕ⢭⚄ࡀࡼࡾᑡ࡞ࡃ▱ゎࡋ㸪ࡼࡾከࡃࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ぬࡍࡿ࡯࡝㸪ࡼࡾ኱ࡁ࡞⹫ᵓ⬟ຊࢆࡶࡘࠖ㸦 ⠇㸧ࡇ࡜࡟ὀពࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡢほⅬࢆྜࢃࡏ࡚⪃࠼ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ྜᡂࡉࢀࡓ஦≀ࡢᮏ㉁ࢆ㒊ศ࡟ศ๭ࡋ༊ูࡋ㸪ูࠎ࡟ὀព
ࡋ࡚⌮ゎ࡟ດࡵࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪ࡇࡢ⹫ᵓࢆ㑊ࡅࡿ᪉ἲ࡜࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨ࡟
࠾࠸࡚᭱ࡶ㒊ศⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡣ㸪᭱ࡶࠕ༢⣧㸦simplex㸧㺁࡛࠶ࡾ㸪༢⣧࡞ࡶࡢࡣ඲యⓗ࡟ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ
ࡿᨾ࡟ࠕ᫂ᬓุ᫂㸦clarus et distinctus㸧㺁࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᚑࡗ࡚┿ࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪┿ࡢࡶࡢ࠿ࡽྜᡂࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢࡶ㸪┿࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⹫ᵓ࡜ࡣ࡞ࡾ࠼࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛஧✀㢮ࡢ⹫ᵓཬࡧࡑࢀࡽࢆ㏥ࡅࡿ᪉ἲࢆぢ࡚᮶ࡓࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚㸪┿ࡢほᛕࡢᮏᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᣦ᦬ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪┿ࡢほᛕࡣ஦≀ࡢ᝿ᛕⓗᮏ㉁࡛࠶ࡾ㸪஦≀ࡢᮏ㉁ࡢㄆ㆑ࡑࡢ
ࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ㸪஦≀ࡢᮏ㉁ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ≉ᚩࡀ㸪┤ࡕ࡟┿ࡢほᛕࡢ≉ᚩ࡜࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪༢⣧࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ཬࡧ༢⣧࡞ࡶࡢ࠿ࡽྜᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪ࡲࡎ┿ࡢほᛕࡢ≉ᚩ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ㸰 ⹫ഇࡢほᛕḟ࡟㸪⹫ഇࡢほᛕ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣ㸪⹫ഇࡢほᛕࡣ⹫ᵓࡢほᛕ࡜ࡓࡔࠕᢎㄆ
㸦assensus㸧ࠖࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿⅬ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳ␗࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ⹫ഇࡣ⹫ᵓ࡜␗࡞ࡾ㸪⮬ศ⮬㌟
ࡀ┿ᐇ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸㎸ࡳ㸪ุ᩿ࡋ⫯ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⹫ഇࡣ⹫ᵓ࡜ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢᢎㄆ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳ┦㐪ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣ⹫ᵓ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪⹫ഇࢆᏑᅾ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ᮏ㉁࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡢ஧ࡘ࡟ศࡅ㸪⹫ഇࢆ㑊ࡅࡿ᪉ἲࡶ⹫ᵓࢆ㑊ࡅࡿ᪉ἲ࡜ྠ୍࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪Ꮡᅾ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⹫ഇ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡢ⹫ഇࢆ㏥ࡅࡿ᪉ἲࡣ㸪⹫ᵓ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࡑࡢ஦≀ࡢᮏᛶࡢㄆ㆑㸪እⓗཎᅉ࣭⮬↛ࡢ⛛ᗎࡢㄆ㆑㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡢᏑᅾࡢ≉Ṧⓗ࡞ㄆ㆑࡜࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᮏ㉁࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⹫ഇ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ⹫ഇࡣΰ஘ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿
ࡽ㸪᫂ᬓุ᫂࡞ㄆ㆑ࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵ࡟㸪ྜᡂࡉࢀࡓ஦≀ࡢᮏ㉁ࢆ㒊ศ࡟ศ๭ࡋ༊ูࡋ㸪ูࠎ࡟ὀពࡋ࡚⌮ゎ࡟ດࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡟Ꮡࡍࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࠕ᫂ᬓุ࡞ほᛕࡣỴࡋ࡚⹫ഇ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾ࠼࡞࠸ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪᫂ᬓุ᫂࡟ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡿ஦≀ࡢほᛕࡣ᭱ࡶ༢⣧࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᭱ࡶ༢⣧࡞ࡶࡢ࠿ࡽྜᡂࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ㸪ゝ࠸᥮࠼ࢀࡤ㸪᭱ࡶ༢⣧࡞ࡶࡢ࠿ࡽᑟࡁฟࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪᭱ࡶ༢⣧࡞ほᛕࡣഇ࡛࠶ࡾ࠼࡞࠸ࠋࠖ㸦 ⠇㸧ࢫࣆࣀࢨࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕ┿ࡢほᛕࠖࡢศᯒ

121ࡇࢀࡽࡀ⹫ഇࡢほᛕࡢᮏᛶ࡜ᅇ㑊ࡢ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡢ⹫ഇࡢほᛕࡢゝཬ࡟⥆ࡅ࡚㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣ┤᥋ⓗ࡟ࠕ┿࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡢᙧ┦㸦forma veri㸧ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪 ⠇ ⠇࡟࠾࠸࡚㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋḟ࡟㸪┿ࡢほᛕࡢ⪃ᐹ࡟࠶ࡓࡾ㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡢࡇࡢゝཬࢆぢ࡚⾜ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ┿⌮ࡢᙧ┦㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕ┿⌮ࡢつ⠊㸦veritatis norma)ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡶࡋ࠶ࡿᘓ⠏ᖌࡀ࠶ࡿᘓ⠏≀ࢆ⛛ᗎṇࡋࡃ⪃࠼ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪⌧ᅾ࠾ࡼࡧᑗ᮶ࡑࡢᘓ⠏≀ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶࡑࡢᛮᝳࡣ┿࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓ࠶ࡿேࡀ࣌ࢸࣟࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ࡜ゝ᫂ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ᐇ㝿࡟࣌ࢸࣟࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࡑࡢᛮᝳࡣㄗࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ㸪࡜࠸࠺౛ࢆ࠶ࡆ㸪ほᛕࡣᑐ㇟ࡢᏑᅾ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ㞳ࢀ࡚㸪ほᛕࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢ୰࡟┿ࢆഇ࠿ࡽ༊ูࡍࡿࠕᐇᅾⓗ࡞࠶ࡿࡶࡢ㸦aliquid reale㸧ࠖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡍࡿࠋࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏙࡭ࡿࠋࠕ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛┿࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡢᙧ┦ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ゝ࠼ࡤ㸪┿࡞ࡿᛮᝳࡣ㸪ࡓࢇ࡟እⓗ≉ᚩ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡴࡋࢁෆⓗ≉ᚩ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ഇ࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࠿ࡽ༊ูࡉࢀࡿࠋࠖ
㸦 ⠇㸧ࡑࡋ࡚㸪┿⌮ࡢᙧ┦ࡣࠕෆⓗ≉ᚩ㸦denominatio intrinseca)ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᛮᝳ⮬యࡢෆ㒊࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ㸪እ㒊ࡢᑐ㇟ࢆཎᅉ࡜ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࠕ▱ᛶࡢ⬟ຊ࡜ᮏᛶࡑࡢࡶࡢࠖ࡟౫ᣐࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᑐ㇟ࡀ⮬↛ࡢ୰࡟Ꮡᅾࡏࡎ㸪ᛮᝳຊࡢࡳ࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚ᡂ❧ࡍࡿ⌫ࡢᴫᛕࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚㸪┿⌮ࡢᙧ┦ࢆ✲᫂ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪࠶ࡿཎᅉ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚༙෇ࡀ┤ᚄࡢᅇࡾࢆᅇ㌿ࡋ࡚⌫ࡀ⏕ࡎࡿ࡜࠸࠺ほᛕࡣ㸪⮬↛࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⌫ࡶࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚⏕ࡌࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࡞࠸࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ㸪┿࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪ࡇࡢ⌫ࡢ┿࡞ࡿほᛕࡢᙧ┦ࡣ⌫ࡢほᛕࡢෆ࡟ồࡵ࠺ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡋ࠿ࡋ༙෇ࡢᅇ㌿㐠ືࡣ⌫ࡢᴫᛕ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᅇ㌿㐠ືࡢཎᅉࡢᴫᛕ࡜⤖ࡧࡘ࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤㄗࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪⹫ഇ࡜ࡣ஦≀ࡢᴫᛕ࡟ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸஦᯶࡟ྠពࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪༙෇ࡢᅇ㌿㐠ືࡢᴫᛕࡣ㸪ᅇ㌿㐠ື࡜࠸࠺༙෇ࡢᴫᛕ࡟ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸஦᯶ࢆ⫯ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ༙෇ࡢᅇ㌿㐠ື࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡀ┿࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪༙෇࠾ࡼࡧᅇ㌿㐠ືࢆྜᡂࡍࡿཎᅉࡢᴫᛕ࡟ࡼࡿᚲ↛ᛶࡀᚲせ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ෌ࡧࠕ༢⣧࡞ᛮᝳࡣ┿࡛ࡋ࠿࠶ࡾ࠼࡞࠸ࠖ  ⠇ ࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪༢⣧࡞ᴫᛕ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿ⫯ᐃࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᴫᛕ࡜ࡲࡗࡓࡃྜ⮴ࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࡢᴫᛕࢆ㉺࠼ฟ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋඛࡢ⌫ࡢ౛࡛ゝ࠼ࡤ㸪༙෇࣭ᅇ㌿㐠ືࡢᴫᛕࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿ⫯ᐃࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ༢⣧ᛶ࠿ࡽᴫᛕ࡟ྜ⮴ࡋ࡚ᴫᛕ㡿ᇦࢆ㉺࠼ฟࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࡞ࡃ┿࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓ࠶ࡿཎᅉ࡟ࡼࡿ༙෇ࡢᅇ㌿㐠ື࡜࠸࠺ྜᡂࡉࢀࡓ஦ែࡀ♧ࡍ⫯ᐃࡀ㸪ཎᅉᴫᛕ࡟ࡼࡿᚲ↛ᛶࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚㸪⌫ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢᴫᛕ㡿ᇦࢆ㉺࠼ฟ࡞࠸㝈ࡾ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳ┿࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣ㸪┿⌮ࡢᛮᝳࡢᙧ┦࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᴫᛕࡢ⫯ᐃ࡜ᴫᛕ㡿ᇦ࡜ࡢྜ⮴ཬࡧཎᅉᴫᛕ࡟ࡼࡿᚲ↛ᛶࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛㸪┿ࡢᛮᝳࡢᙧ┦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡢゝཬࢆぢ࡚᮶ࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪┿ࡢᛮᝳࡢᙧ┦࡜ࡣ㸪ᴫᛕࡢ⫯ᐃ࡜ࡢྜ⮴ཬࡧཎᅉᴫᛕ࡟ࡼࡿᚲ↛ᛶ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛㸪┿ࡢほᛕ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝ࠺࡞ࡽࡤ㸪┿ࡢᛮᝳࡣ┿ࡢほᛕ࡟እ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ᨾ࡟㸪┿ࡢᛮᝳࡢᙧ┦ࡀ┿ࡢほᛕࡢ≉ᚩ࡜ࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ┿ࡢほᛕࡣࡑࡢ༢⣧ᛶ࣭᫂ᬓุ᫂ᛶࡢෆᐜ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᴫᛕࡢ⫯ᐃ࡜ᴫᛕ㡿ᇦ࡜ࡢྜ⮴࡜࠸࠺≉ᚩࡶࡘࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ཎᅉᴫᛕ࡟ࡼࡿᚲ↛ᛶࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺≉ᚩࢆࡶࡘࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

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㯮 ᕝ࣭㜿 ፋ㸱 ␲ࢃࡋ࠸ほᛕ ᭱ᚋ࡟␲ࢃࡋ࠸ほᛕ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢫࣆࣀࢨ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪␲࠸࡜ࡣ࠶ࡿ⫯ᐃ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣྰᐃ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࠕุ᩿ࡢ೵Ṇ㸦suspensio animi㸧࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣ␲ࢃࡋ࠸ほᛕ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏙࡭ࡿࠋࠕ࡝ࢇ࡞␲࠸ࡶ㸪ࡑࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚␲ࢃࢀࡿ஦≀ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ⢭⚄ࡢ୰࡟⏕ࡌ࡞࠸ࠋ࣭࣭࣭ࡴࡋࢁ㸪␲ࢃࢀࡿ஦≀࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪࠶ࡿ☜࠿࡞ࡶࡢࡀࡑࡇ࠿ࡽ⤖ㄽ࡛ࡁࡿ࡯࡝᫂ᬓุ࡛᫂࡞࠸௚ࡢほᛕ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡎࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸦 ⠇㸧ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪␲ࢃࡋ࠸ほᛕࡢᡂ❧᮲௳ࡣ㸪⫯ᐃྰᐃࡢุ᩿ࢆ೵Ṇࡉࡏࡿ᫂ᬓุ࡛᫂࡞࠸௚ࡢほᛕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ␲ࢃࡋ࠸ほᛕࢆ㏥ࡅࡿ᪉ἲࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᡂ❧᮲௳࠿ࡽ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪᫂ᬓุ
᫂࡞௚ࡢほᛕࢆࡶࡘࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢫࣆࣀࢨࡀࠕḭࡃ⚄㸦aliquis Deus deceptor㸧ࠖࡢ౛ࢆࡶࡗ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ḭࡃ⚄ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺⌮⏤࡛┿ࡢほᛕࢆ␲࠸࠺ࡿࡢࡣ㸪⚄࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᫂ᬓุ᫂࡞ほᛕࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸㝈ࡾ࡟࠾࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⚄ࡀḭࡃࡶࡢ࡛࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ᬓุ᫂࡟▱ࡿ㝈ࡾ␲࠸ࡣ㝖࠿ࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ 㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ┿ࡢほᛕ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࢀࡤ㸪᫂ᬓุ᫂࡞ほᛕ࡛࠶ࡿ┿ࡢほᛕࡣ㸪Ỵࡋ࡚␲ࢃࡋ࠸
ほᛕࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡴࡋࢁ㸪␲࠸ࢆ㝖ཤࡋุ᩿ࢆಁࡍ⤖ᯝࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪␲࠸ࡣ᫂ᬓุ࡛᫂࡞࠸௚ࡢほᛕ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡢࡳ⏕ࡌ㸪ࡑࡢほᛕࡀุ᩿ࢆ೵Ṇࡉࡏࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ᫂ᬓุ࡛᫂࡞࠸௚ࡢほᛕࢆ᳨ドࡋ㸪᫂ᬓุ᫂ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ┿ࡢほᛕࢆ෌ᙧᡂࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪␲࠸ࡣ㝖࠿ࢀ㸪ࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗุ࡚᩿ࡢ೵Ṇࡶ㝖࠿ࢀࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⤖ㄒࡇࢀࡲ࡛㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨ࡟ࡼࡿ┿ࡢほᛕࡢศᯒࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪┿ࡢほᛕࡢ≉ᚩ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡢ᪉ἲࡢ≉ᚩⓗ࡞ᛶ᱁ࡢゎ᫂ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪┿ࡢほᛕ࡜ࡣ㸪ࡲࡎᑐ㇟ࡢ
ࡓࢇ࡞ࡿᑐᛂ≀࣭㝃ᖏ≀࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪Ꮡᅾㄽⓗ࡟ಶูⓗ࡛ᐇᅾⓗ࡞⊂❧ᛶࢆࡶࡘࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪┿ࡢほᛕࡣࡑࡢ☜ᐇᛶࡸ┿⌮ᛶࡢᶆ㆑ࢆ㸪እ㒊࡟࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃෆ㒊࡟᭷ࡍࡿㄆ㆑ㄽⓗ࡞⮬ᕫ᏶⤖ᛶࢆࡶࡕ㸪ྠ᫬࡟┿⌮࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⮬ࡽ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿ⬟ືᛶࢆࡶࡘࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀᨾ࡟㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨ࡟࠾࠸࡚┿ṇ࡞ㄆ㆑ࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪉ἲࡣ㸪࡞࡟ࡼࡾࡶࡲࡎ㸪┿⌮ࡢつ⠊ࢆࡑࢀ⮬㌟ࡢෆ࡟
ࡶࡘ┿ࡢほᛕ⮬యࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿㄆ㆑㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ┿ࡢほᛕࡢ཯┬ⓗㄆ㆑࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ 㸧ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ஧ࡘࡢᇶᮏⓗ≉ᚩࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ලయⓗ࡞┿ࡢほᛕࡢ≉ᚩ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪┿ࡢほᛕࡣ⹫ᵓ࣭⹫ഇ➼࡜ࡣỴᐃⓗ࡟␗࡞ࡿ༢⣧ᛶࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ┿ࡢほᛕࡣ༢⣧࡞ほᛕ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ༢⣧࡞ほᛕ࠿ࡽྜᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿほᛕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪༢⣧ᛶࡣ᫂ᬓุ᫂ᛶࢆព࿡ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪༢⣧ᛶ࣭᫂ᬓุ᫂ᛶࡢෆᐇ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᴫᛕࡢ⫯ᐃ࡜ᴫᛕ㡿ᇦ࡜ࡢྜ⮴࡜࠸࠺≉ᚩࡶࡘࠋࡲࡓ㸪ྜᡂࡉࢀࡓほᛕ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ཎᅉᴫᛕ࡟ࡼࡿᚲ↛ᛶࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺≉ᚩࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢫࣆࣀࢨࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕ┿ࡢほᛕࠖࡢศᯒ

123トࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘ࡢཎ඾ࡣ㸪Spinoza: Tractatus de intellectus emendatine, Opera Bd.ϩ, imAuftrag der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, hrsg. von Carl Gebhardt, Carl Winter,
1972.ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ࡞࠾㸪ᮏ✏ᮏᩥ୰࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘࠿ࡽࡢ୺࡞ᘬ⏝ᩥ࡟ࡣ㸪ࣈࣝࢲ࣮∧࡟ࡼࡿᩥ⠇␒ྕࢆᘬ⏝ᩥᮎᑿ࡟⾲グࡍࡿࠋ㸧 ࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘ ⠇㸧 ࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘ ⠇ ⠇㸧 ࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘ ⠇㸧 ᅄࡘࡢ▱ぬᵝᘧࡢ᳨ド࡜᭱ၿࡢ▱ぬᵝᘧࡢ㑅ᢥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘ ⠇ ⠇㸧 ↓㝈㐳⾜ࡢၥ㢟ࢆྵࡵ㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡢ᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᅧศຌ୍㑻Ặࡢヲ⣽࡞◊✲ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ཧ⪃࡜ࡋࡓࠋᅧศຌ୍㑻ࠗࢫࣆࣀࢨࡢ᪉ἲ࠘㸪➨୍㒊ࠕ஧ࡘࡢ㏫ㄝࠖ㸪ࡳࡍࡎ᭩ᡣ㸧 ᅧศ㸦㸧㸪SS㸧ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣ㸪ࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘࡜࢚ࠗࢳ࢝࠘࡜ࢆ୍㈏ࡋ࡚㸪┿ࡢほᛕࡢෆᅾⓗ࡞☜ᐇᛶཬࡧ⬟ືᛶࢆ☜ಙࡋ୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྠ✀ࡢ⾲⌧ࡣ࢚ࠗࢳ࢝࠘➨஧㒊ᐃ⌮  ὀゎ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࠕගࡀ⮬ࡽ࡜㜌࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡢ࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟㸪┿⌮ࡣ┿⌮⮬㌟࡜⹫ഇ࡜ࡢつ⠊࡛࠶ࡿࠖࠕ┿⌮ࡣ┿⌮⮬㌟ࡢつ⠊࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡞࡝࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪┿ࡢほᛕࡢෆⓗ≉ᚩ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࢚ࠗࢳ࢝࠘➨஧㒊ᐃ⩏  ࡟┤᥋ⓗ࡞ゝཬࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㸦Spinoza: Ethica, Opera Bd.ϩ, im Auftrag der Heidelberger Akademie derWissenschaften, hrsg. von Carl Gebhardt, Carl Winter,1972.㸧ࡇࡢ┿ࡢほᛕࡢෆᅾⓗ࡞☜ᐇᛶཬࡧ⬟ືᛶ㸪ࠕ┿ࡢほᛕࡢ⮬❧ⓗ࡞ຊ⬟ࠖࢆᤊ࠼ࡿᛮ᝿ࡀ㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡢဴᏛࢆ≉ᚩ࡙ࡅࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ┿ࡢほᛕࡣ⮬ࡽࢆ⫯ᐃࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ㸪ᚑ᮶⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓほᛕࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ▱ᛶ㸪ࡑࡢほᛕࢆ⫯ᐃ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣྰᐃࡍࡿពᚿ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕㄆ㆑୺య࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢே㛫⢭⚄ࡢᏑᅾ࡜ᙺ๭ࡣၥ࠸┤ࡉࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡴࡋࢁ㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣ⚾ࡓࡕே㛫ࡀ┿ࡢほᛕࢆࡶࡘ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪⹫ᵓࡸ⹫ഇ࡞࡝ࡢࠕ▱ぬࡢḞ㝗㸦defectum nostrae perceptionis㸧ࠖࢆࡶࡘ࡟ࡋ
࡚ࡶ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ⚾ࡓࡕே㛫ࡢㄆ㆑άືࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪࠶ࡿ኱ࡁ࡞ᛮᝳࡍࡿᏑᅾࡢㄆ㆑άືࡢ⤖ᯝࡢ୍㒊ࡀ⚾ࡓࡕࡢே㛫⢭⚄࡟࠾࠸࡚ᡂ❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪࡜ᙼࡢⓎ᝿ࢆᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚⾜ࡃࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ㸦ࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘ ⠇㸧㸧ࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘ࠕ᪉ἲࡢ➨୍㒊ࠖࡣ┿ࡢほᛕ࡜௚ࡢ▱ぬࡢ༊ูࢆ୺㢟࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡢ⪃ᐹࡣࠕ╧╀࡜ぬ㓰ࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕḭࡃ⚄ࠖ࡞࡝ࡢゝཬ࠿ࡽ㸪ࢹ࢝ࣝࢺࡢ᪉ἲⓗ᠜␲࡜ࡑࡢ㐣⛬ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ព㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ㸧ࡇࡢ␲ࢃࡋ࠸ほᛕ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࠕḭࡃ⚄ࠖࡢࢫࣆࣀࢨࡢゝཬࡣ㸪ࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀࡓࢹ࢝ࣝࢺࠗ┬ᐹ࠘ࡢ᪉ἲⓗ᠜␲ࡢ᭱⤊ẁ㝵࡛Ⓩሙࡍࡿࠕḭࡃ⚄ࠖࢆᛕ㢌࡟⨨࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣࢹ࢝ࣝࢺⓗ᠜␲ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡣ㸪⚄࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᫂ᬓุ࡛᫂࡞࠸ΰ஘ࡋࡓほᛕࢆࡶࡘࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⚄࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᫂ᬓุ᫂࡞ほᛕࢆࡶࡘ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪᠜␲ࡣịゎࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋྠᵝࡢぢゎࡣࢫࣆࣀࢨࠗࢹ࢝ࣝࢺࡢဴᏛཎ⌮࠘➨୍㒊⥴ㄽ࡟ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦Spinoza㸸 Renati des cartes principiorum
philosophiae, parsϨ, prolegomenon. Opera Bd.Ϩ. , im Auftrag der Heidelberger Akademie
der Wissenschaften, hrsg. von Carl Gebhardt, Carl Winter, 1972.,pp.145-149㸧ࢹ࢝ࣝࢺཬࡧࢫࣆࣀࢨࡢࠕḭࡃ⚄ࠖࢆࡵࡄࡿ୧⪅ࡢぢゎ࡟ࡣ㸪ྛேࡢ┿⌮ほࡀ➃ⓗ࡟⾲ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪┿⌮ࢆ࠶ࡽࡺࡿእࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡢ᳨ド࡟⪏࠼࠺ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞
ࡽ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡿࢹ࢝ࣝࢺ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣ┿⌮ࡣ⮬ࡽ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜ࡍࡿຊࢆࡶࡕ㸪ࡑࢀᨾ࡟እ࠿ࡽࡢ᳨ドࡣ୙せ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸧ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣ┿ࡢほᛕࡢ཯┬ⓗㄆ㆑࡜ࡋ࡚㸪┿⌮ࡢつ⠊࡜ࡑࢀ࡟ᚑ࠺ࡓࡵࡢ⢭⚄ࡢไᚚἲࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡀ㸪୍᪉࡛᏶඲࡞᪉ἲࡣ㸪୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓ࣭┿ࡢࠕ᭱㧗᏶඲⪅ࡢほ124㯮 ᕝ࣭㜿 ፋᛕ㸦idea entis perfectissimi㸧ࠖࡢ཯┬ⓗㄆ㆑࡟ࡼࡾᚓࡽࢀࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡍࡿ㸦ࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘ ⠇㸧ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࡢ᭱㧗᏶඲⪅ࡢほᛕ࡜ࡣࠕ඲⮬↛ࡢ᰿※࡜※Ἠࢆ෌⌧ࡍࡿほᛕ㸦idea, quae refert
originem et fontem totius naturae㸧ࠖ࡜ࡶ㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘ ⠇㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘࡟࠾࠸࡚᭱㧗᏶඲⪅ࡢほᛕࡣᚓࡽࢀࡎ㸪ࡑࡢព࿡࡛ࡣࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘ࡣෆᐜⓗ࡟ࡶ஦ᐇ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶᮍ᏶࡟⤊ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬ࡟ὀ┠ࡋ࡚㸪ࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘࠿ࡽ࢚ࠗࢳ࢝࠘࡬ࡢ㐃⥆ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝཬࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨဴᏛࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠕỌ㐲↓㝈࡞ࡶࡢ࡟ᑐࡍࡿឡ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡣࠕ඲⮬↛࡜⢭⚄ࡢྜ୍ᛶࡢㄆ㆑ࠖࡢࡼࡗ࡚ྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࡢㄆ㆑࡟⮳ࡿࡓࡵ࡟᪉ἲࡢ᏶ᡂ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸪ࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࡛࠘せㄳࡉࢀࡓ᭱㧗ࡢ┿ࡢほᛕࡀ᭱㧗᏶඲⪅ࡢほᛕ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ୍᪉㸪Ọ㐲↓㝈࡞ࡶࡢ㸪඲⮬↛ࡢ᰿※㸪᭱㧗᏶඲⪅࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿᏑᅾࡇࡑ㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨဴᏛ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ⚄࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡲࡉ࡟㸪ࡇࡢ⚄ࡢᴫᛕࡢ☜❧ࢆ࢚ࠗࢳ࢝࠘➨  㒊ࠕ⚄࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖࡀᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘࠿ࡽ࢚ࠗࢳ࢝࠘࡬ࡢ㐃⥆ᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ୍ࡘࡢぢゎ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪᪉ἲࡢ᏶ᡂࢆ┠ᣦࡍࠕ᪉ἲㄽࡢ⥅⥆ࠖ࡜ゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪࢚ࠗࢳ࢝࠘➨  㒊࡟࠾࠸࡚⚄ᴫᛕࡣ☜❧ࡉࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ᭱㧗᏶඲⪅ࡢほᛕࡢ཯┬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡀ᪉ἲࢆ᏶ᡂࡉࡏࡓ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ㊧ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡴࡋࢁ㸪஦᝟ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪⚄ࡣ᪉ἲࡢ᏶ᡂࡢࡓࡵ࡟☜࠿࡟せㄳࡉࢀࡓᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢせㄳ࡟ᛂ⟅ࡋ⚄ࡢᴫᛕࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓᆅⅬࡣࡶ࠺ࡍ࡛࡟㸪ဴᏛࡢ┠ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠕ⚄࡟ᑐࡍࡿឡࠖཬࡧࠕ⚄࡜⢭⚄࡜ࡢྜ୍ᛶࡢㄆ㆑ࠖ࡟㏆᥋ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟᪉ἲࢆ᏶ᡂࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡼࡾࡶ㸪┠ⓗ࡟㑌㐍ࡍࡿࡇ࡜㸦⚄ࢆឡࡍࡿࡇ࡜ྜ୍ᛶࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜㸧ࡀᮏ᮶ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢫࣆࣀࢨ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪LogicaࡀồࡵࡿᆅⅬࡇࡑ㸪Ethica ࡢጞⅬ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀᨾ࡟㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢨࡣ࢚ࠗࢳ࢝࠘➨  㒊௨㝆࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ே㛫⢭⚄ࢆ⚄ࡢᴫᛕ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚཯┬ࡋ㸪ே㛫⢭⚄ࢆ⚄ࡢ୰࡟఩⨨࡙ࡅ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࠕ⚄࡟ᑐࡍࡿឡࠖཬࡧࠕ⚄࡜⢭⚄࡜ࡢྜ୍ᛶࡢㄆ㆑ࠖ࡬࡜ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚⾜ࡃࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௜グ㸸ᮏ✏ࡣᖹᡂ  ᖺᗘ᪥ᮏᏛ⾡᣺⯆఍⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝ຓᡂ஦ᴗ㸦Ꮫ⾡◊✲ຓᡂᇶ㔠ຓᡂ㔠࣭ᇶ┙◊✲&㸧࡟ࡼࡿ◊✲ᡂᯝࡢ୍㒊࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
Spinoza’s Analysis of “idea vera”
KUROKAWA, Isao andA, NaAbstract
In this paper we tried to understand the properties of“idea vera”

or the true idea in Spinoza’s philosophy. For this purpose we regarded theinvestigation into Spinoza’s analysis of the true idea in his earlier work,

Treatise on the emendation of the intellect.

According to Spinoza, theࢫࣆࣀࢨࠗ▱ᛶᨵၿㄽ࠘࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕ┿ࡢほᛕࠖࡢศᯒ

true idea in itself has the properties that are independence from object of
the idea and self-contained character about certainly of the idea. Spinozaconsiders these properties to be the intrinsic denomination of the trueidea. And the intrinsic denomination signifies simplicity and clearness
and distinctness that the true ideas express.
࠙Key Wordsࠚ  true idea,
intrinsic denomination,reflective knowledge,

simplicity

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