SENTINEL ASIA
ANNUAL REPORT 2018

Sentinel Asia
Annual Report 2018
Content
1. Introduction ·············································································· 1
1.1.

Purpose and Scope of the Document ·························································· 1

1.2.

Structure of the Document ········································································ 1

1.3.

List of Acronyms····················································································· 2

2. Sentinel Asia and Major Disasters ················································ 4
2.1.

Outline of Sentinel Asia ············································································ 42.1.1. Background and History of Sentinel Asia ···················································· 4
2.1.2. Aims and Activities of Sentinel Asia in a Nutshell ·········································· 6
2.1.3. Framework and Emergency Observation Mechanisms of Sentinel Asia·············· 7
2.1.4. Current Phase (Step 3) and Ongoing Actions of Sentinel Asia ························· 8
2.2.

Major Disasters in Emergency Observation (2007-2018) ·································10

3. Emergency Observation Operation in 2018 ·································· 12
3.1.

Emergency Observation Requests ·····························································123.2.

Results of Emergency Observation ····························································15

3.3.

Good Practices ·····················································································19

3.3.1. Flood in Myanmar (July 2018) ·······························································19
3.3.2. Flood in Lao PDR (July 2018) ·······························································20
3.3.3. Earthquake in Japan (September 2018) ···················································21
3.3.4. Earthquake and Tsunami in Indonesia (September 2018) ·····························22

4. External Relations ···································································· 24
4.1.

Accession of New Members ·····································································24

4.1.1. Myanmar Information Management Unit (MIMU) ·········································24

4.2.

Collaboration and Cooperation··································································26

4.2.1. International Disaster Charter ·································································26

5. Conferences and Press Releases ··············································· 27
5.1.

Conferences·························································································27

5.1.1. 5th Joint Project Team Meeting (JPTM2018) ··············································27
5.1.2. Workshop on coordination improvement on emergency mapping support, sharing,and communication of Sentinel Asia Activity (Myanmar) ································28
5.1.3. Workshop on coordination improvement on emergency mapping support, sharing,and communication of Sentinel Asia Activity (Thailand) ·································29
5.1.4. Workshop on coordination improvement on emergency mapping support, sharing,and communication of Sentinel Asia Activity (Vietnam)··································30
5.1.5. Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction 2018 ·······················31
5.1.6. Asian Conference on Disaster Reduction 2018 ···········································32
5.1.7. 69th International Astronautical Congress Bremen 2018 ·······························33
5.1.8. 6th Joint Project Team Meeting for Sentinel Asia STEP3 ·······························33
5.1.9. 25th Session of the Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum (APRSAF-25)···34
5.2.

Documents, Press Releases and Papers·····················································36

5.2.1

Sentinel Asia Strategic Plan ···································································36

5.2.2Standard Operation Procedure ·······························································37

5.2.3Newsletter ·························································································38

6. Assessment of Sentinel Asia Operations ····································· 43
6.1.

Overall Impact ······················································································43

6.2.

Analysis of Operational Performance··························································43

7. Conclusions ············································································ 47

Appendix
List of JPT Members
List of Emergency Observation Requests by each country

Chapter 1: Introduction

1. Introduction
1.1. Purpose and Scope of the Document
This document describes the activities of Sentinel Asia (SA) in 2018 for member
organizations and external relations.

1.2. Structure of the Document
This report follows the following structure:

Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Sentinel Asia and Major Disasters; overview and target disaster events of
Sentinel Asia
Chapter 3 Emergency Observation Operation in 2018; results of emergency observation
activities in 2018
Chapter 4 External Relations; explains the integration of new members, progress,
external relationships and Cooperating Bodies
Chapter 5 Communication and Conference; reports on all communication activities
undertaken throughout the reporting period
Chapter 6 Assessment of Sentinel Asia Operations; provides an assessment of theoverall impact of Sentinel Asia as a service in supporting disaster response, and ofsystem performance, products and services.
Chapter 7 Conclusions; outlines significant achievements and conclusions throughout
the reporting period.

Appendix; data related to this report1Chapter 1: Introduction

1.3. List of Acronyms
ADPC

Asian Disaster Preparedness Center

ADRC

Asian Disaster Reduction Center

AIT

Asian Institute of Technology

ALOS

Advanced Land Observing Satellite

AMCDRR

Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction

APRSAF

Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum

ASEAN

Association of South-East Asian Nations

CRISP

Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing

CSIS/UT

Center for Spatial Information Science, University of Tokyo

DAN

Data Analysis NodeDDM

Department of Disaster Management

DDPM

Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (Thailand)

DHM

Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (Nepal)

DMC

Disaster Management Center (Sri Lanka)

DMH

Department of Meteorology and Hydrology (Myanmar)

DMPTC

Disaster Management Policy and Technology Center (Vietnam)

DPN

Data Provider Node

EO

Emergency Observation

EOC

Earth Observatory of Singapore

EOR

Emergency Observation Request

GISTDA

Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency

IDC

International Disaster Charter

IRS

Indian Remote Sensing Satellite

ISRO

Indian Space Research Organization

IWMI

International Water Management Institute

JAXA

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

JPT

Joint Project TeamJPTM

Joint Project Team Meeting

KARI

Korea Aerospace Research Institute

LAPAN

National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (Indonesia)

MARD

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (Vietnam)

MBRSC

Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre

MEC

Myanmar Earthquake Committee

MIMU

Myanmar Information Management Unit (Myanmar)2

Chapter 1: Introduction

MMAF

Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (Indonesia)

MO

Manila Observatory

MONRE

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Vietnam)

MoWHS

Ministry of Works and Human Settlement (Bhutan)

NARL

National Applied Research Laboratories

NCU

Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University

NDMI

National Disaster Management Research Institute (Korea)

NDMO

National Disaster Management Office (Fiji)NIEDNational Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience

NSPO

National Space Organization

PAGASA

Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration

PHIVOLCS

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology

RRD

Relief and Resettlement Department (Myanmar)

RSO

Regional Support Offices

SA

Sentinel Asia

SPC

Secretariat of the Pacific Community

STI/VAST

Space Technology Institute / Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology

SUPARCOPakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission

UNESCAP

United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

UNOCHA

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

UNOOSA

United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs

UN-SPIDER

United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Managementand Emergency Response

VIGMR

Vietnam Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources (Vietnam)

VNREDSAT

Vietnam Natural Resources, Environment and Disaster Monitoring Satellite

3Chapter 2: Sentinel Asia and Major Disasters

2.

Sentinel Asia and Major Disasters

2.1. Outline of Sentinel Asia

2.1.1. Background and History of Sentinel Asia
Natural disasters have been on the rise worldwide, including the Asia-Pacific region(Figure 1). The Asia-Pacific region suffers from different types of natural disasters, suchas earthquakes, cyclones/typhoons, floods, landslides, droughts, tsunamis, volcanic
eruptions and forest fires. Several of them are large-scale, devastating disasters. Given
the high population level (about 3 billion) as well as the high frequency and severity ofnatural disasters in the region, an integrated use of space technology, such as earth
observation satellite data and geographic information systems, can be an effectivemeans to reduce the magnitude of the severity, or provide timely management in theevent of a large-scale natural hazard or disaster. In light of the increasing frequency ofnatural disasters and an elevated loss of lives and properties from these events, SA, acollaborative, regional project, was conceptualized in 2005, and begun to operate in2007. It is engaged in activities to share and provide disaster-related information,
including earth observation satellite images via the internet, to contribute towarddisaster management in the Asia-Pacific region. Space agencies from the member
countries of the Asia-Pacific Region Space Agency Forum (APRSAF), including theJapan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and disaster risk reduction agencies in the
Asia-Pacific region such as the Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC), cooperate informing a joint project team (JPT) and promoting SA. As of December 2018, it consistsof 107 member organizations, including 91 agencies from 28 countries/regions and 16
international organizations. JAXA has been serving as a secretariat of the JPT.

4

Chapter 2: Sentinel Asia and Major Disasters

500

400

Insect infestation
Landslide
Epidemic
Wildfire

300

Extreme temperature
Drought
Mass Movement
Volcanic activity

200

Earthquake
Storm
Flood
100

2017

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

1989

1988

1987

1986

1985

1984

1983

1982

1981

1980

1979

1978

0

Figure 1: Incidence of natural disasters by region (In and after 1978)

A stepwise approach for the implementation of data and information dissemination
systems through SA as proposed by the APRSAF was as follows:

Step 1: Implementation of the backbone 'Sentinel Asia' data dissemination system andassociated Nodes (Feb. 2006–Dec. 2007)
Step 2: Expansion of the dissemination backbone with new Satellite Communication
Systems (2008–2012)
Step 3: Establishment of a comprehensive ‘Disaster Management Support System’ inthe region (2013 onwards)

Sentinel Asia initiated an emergency observation request system in 2007 to provide
image data (and analyzed images) acquired through the satellites operated byparticipating space agencies on the internet and via JAXA’s Wideband Internetworking
engineering test and Demonstration Satellite (WINDS), also known as Kizuna, in theevent of a disaster in the Asia-Pacific region.
During that time, Sentinel Asia participated in the International Disaster Charter(IDC) in 2010 to expand its activities and cooperation on a global scale. Sentinel Asia
also established the RSO for UN-SPIDER at the ADRC in June 2009, which serves as a5

Chapter 2: Sentinel Asia and Major Disasters

contact (liaison) office for emergency observation requests, to expand the range of its
activities and increase international interest.

2.1.2. Aims and Activities of Sentinel Asia in a Nutshell
The SA aims to: (i) improve safety in society with the use of modern Information andCommunication Technology (ICT) and space-based technology; (ii) improve the speed
and accuracy of disaster preparedness and early warning; and (iii) minimize thenumber of victims, as well as social and economic losses. To achieve these goals, various
activities have been undertaken.

The main activities of the SA are summarized as follows:・

Emergency observation by earth observation satellites (e.g. ALOS, FORMOSAT,
IRS, KOMPSAT, THEOS, VNREDSAT, X-SAT and DUBAISAT) in the event ofmajor disasters

・

Acceptance of observation requests of major disasters in the Asia-Pacific region
from ADRC member organizations and the representative organizations of JPT
members to support disaster management in the region

・Working Groups (WGs) for early warning and disaster monitoring: WGs on
wildfires, floods, glacial lake outburst floods, and tsunamis are (formed and) in
operation

・Capacity building of member organizations (e.g. through training) for theutilization of satellite images for disaster management

The following is an overview of the main data and products provided by SA to its
members: (i) satellite imagery (and data permitted by data providers) and value-added
images with an extraction of the affected area, etc.; (ii) on-site digital camera images;(iii) wildfire hotspot information and data; (iv) rainfall (short-term and long-term)
information and data; and (v) meteorological satellite imagery and data.

6

Chapter 2: Sentinel Asia and Major Disasters

2.1.3. Framework and Emergency Observation Mechanisms of Sentinel Asia
SA is promoted under cooperation among the following three communities: (i) theSpace Community (APRSAF); (ii) the International Community (e.g. UNESCAP,UNOOSA, ASEAN, AIT); and (iii) the Disaster Reduction Community (ADRC and its
member countries), as illustrated in Figure 2. To promote the activities of SA, the Joint
Project Team (JPT) was organized, which is open to all APRSAF member countries,
disaster prevention organizations and regional/international organizations who wish toparticipate in disaster information sharing activities.

Figure 2: Framework of Sentinel Asia

SA is composed of two Nodes (Data Provider, and Data Analysis) and four Working
Groups (Wildfire, Flood, Glacial Lake Outburst Flood and Tsunami). The Data Provider
Node (DPN) provides their own satellite imagery and other relevant data to JPT
members upon an Emergency Observation Request (EOR) from a JPT member, to theextent permitted by the data policy of each DPN when a disaster occurs; while the Data
Analysis Node (DAN) analyzes the satellite data provided by DPN, makes avalue-added product and uploads and shares the result through the Sentinel Asia
7

Chapter 2: Sentinel Asia and Major Disasters

System (Figure 3). Between 2006 and 2018, about 333 EORs have been made or
accepted, providing data and products to its members to support disaster management.
The four WGs work toward the establishment and improvement of early
warning/forecasting systems, as well as monitoring and planning for disastermanagement in their respective fields.

Figure 3: Flow of Sentinel Asia emergency observation

2.1.4. Current Phase (Step 3) and Ongoing Actions of Sentinel Asia
Out of the 3 Steps employed by Sentinel Asia, the successful completion of Steps 1 and2 has so far been declared. Step 3 began in 2013, defining its priority areas based on
experiences in the earlier Steps and user requests leading to necessary actions as shownin Figure 4.

The key features of Step 3 are:・

Covering all phases in a disaster management cycle

・

Employing a wide variety of satellites, including earth observation satellites,
communication satellites and navigation satellites
8Chapter 2: Sentinel Asia and Major Disasters・Being managed as a joint project by participating agencies, through the planned
construction of a joint management system

・Promoting the use of services by expanding human networks through capacity
development and outreach activities

Figure 4: Current phase (Step 3) and actions of Sentinel Asia

9

Chapter 2: Sentinel Asia and Major Disasters

2.2.

Major Disasters with Emergency Observation (2007-2018)

Figures 5 and 6 show a breakdown of emergency observations with requests andemergency observations with activation by disaster. Table 1 shows the number ofrequests, activations and rejections for each disaster. Floods represent the largest
number of disasters with 164 requests (49.2%), followed by earthquakes at 43 (12.9%),
landslides at 25 (7.5%), typhoons at 25 (7.5%), forest fires and fires at 17 (5.1%),
volcanic eruptions at 17 (5.1%), and cyclones at 14 (4.2%).
Generally, activation is made for around 80% to 90% of requests for most disasters.
There is 95.1% activation for flood, but the activation rate is 41.2% for forest fires andfires only.

Others , 23

Oil Spill, 5Cycl one, 14
Volca no, 17
Fores t Fire, 17

Flood, 164

Typhoon, 25

Landslide, 25
Earthquake, 43

Figure 5: Breakdown of Emergency Observations by Disaster (2007 - 2018)*Requests (N=333)

10

Chapter 2: Sentinel Asia and Major Disasters

Cyclone, 13

Others , 15

Oil Spill, 3Volca no, 14
Fores t Fire, 7Typhoon, 23
Flood, 156
La ndslide, 20

Ea rthquake, 38

Figure 6: Breakdown of Emergency Observations by Disaster (2007 - 2018)*Activations (N=289)

Table 1: Number of Requests, Activations, and Rejections for Emergency
Observations by Disaster (2007 - 2018)
Number ofRequestNumber of
Activa ti on

Number of
Rejecti on

Acti va ti on/Request
(%)

Flood

164

156

8

95.1%

Earthquake

43

38

5

88.4%

Landslide

25

20

5

80.0%

Typhoon

25

23

2

92.0%

Forest Fire

17

7

10

41.2%

Volcano

17

14

3

82.4%

Cyclone

14

13

1

92.9%

Oil Spill

5

3

2

60.0%

Others

23

15

8

65.2%

Total

333

289

44

11

Chapter 3: Emergency Observation Operation in 2018

3. Emergency Observation Operations in 2018

3.1.

Emergency Observation Requests

Figure 7 shows the number of requests, activations and rejections involving emergency
observations from 2007 to 2018. The number of requests and activations peaked in 2010
and 2011, with the number declining subsequently thereafter, but the number increased
once again from 2015 to 2016.

50
43
40
40

36
34

35
31

3231

3130

30

20
20
15

18
16

10

24

25

18

19

6

5

8

Request2524

Activation

20
18

1918

2

1

1

2

1

1

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Rejection

9
6

2
0
2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Figure 7: Comparison of the Number of Requests, Activations and Rejections for
Emergency Observations

All 2018 activations are listed in Table 2. In total, 31 requests were received in 2018.
The following single request was rejected after confirmation with the requester:-

Activation No. 308, Country [Myanmar], Disaster type [Earthquake]

Figures 8 and 9 show a breakdown of emergency observations with requests andemergency observations with activation by disaster. On a request basis, floods
represented the largest number of disasters, with 10 requests (32.3%), followed byearthquakes at 8 (25.8%), cyclone at 4 (12.9%), typhoons at 4 (12.9%), volcanic eruptionsat 2 (6.5%) and landslide at 2 (6.5%).

12

Chapter 3: Emergency Observation Operation in 2018

Table 2: List of 2018 Activations
Acti va ti on
NumberCountry

Disaster Type

Activa ti on
Da teReques ter

303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323

Philippines
PNG
TaiwanKorea
Tonga
Myanmar
Sri Lanka
VietnamJapan
Thailand
Vietnam
Laos
MyanmarIndonesia
Indonesia
ThailandIndia
TaiwanVietnam
MyanmarJapan

Volcanic Eruption
Volcanic Eruption
Earthquake
Earthquake
CycloneEarthquake
Flood
Landslide
Landslide
Oil spill
Flood
Flood
Flood
Earthquake
Earthquake
Flood
Flood
Flood
Flood
Flood
Earthquake

2018/01/15
2018/01/20
2018/02/07
2018/02/13
2018/02/12

PHIVOLCS
DMC
NARL
NDMI
SPC

2018/05/22
2018/06/25
2018/07/07
2018/07/10
2018/07/20
2018/07/25
2018/07/29
2018/07/30
2018/08/06
2018/08/06
2018/08/11
2018/08/27
2018/08/29
2018/08/31
2018/09/06

324

Philippines

Typhoon2018/09/13

325

VietnamTyphoon2018/09/17

326

Indonesia

Earthquake

2018/09/29

327
328
329
330
331
332
333

United Arab Emirates
India
VietnamVietnamIndia
Indonesia
Sri Lanka

CycloneCycloneTyphoonTyphoonCycloneTsunamiFlood

2018/10/10
2018/11/16
2018/11/19
2018/11/24
2018/12/18
2018/12/24
2018/12/26

DMC
MONRE/DMPTCJAXA/CAO
GISTDA
MONRE/DMPTCADPC/DSWRRD
LAPAN/BPBD
AHA CENTER
GISTDA/DDPM
ISRO/DMO
NARL/NCDR
MONRE/DMPTCRRD/DDM
JAXA/MLIT
AHA Center/
NDRRMC/MO
MONRE/DMPTCAHA Center/
BNPB/LAPANMBRSC/NCEMA
ISRO/DMOMONRE/DMPTCMONRE/DMPTCISRO/DMOLAPAN/BNPB
MODM*ID 308 was rejected

13

Chapter 3: Emergency Observation Operation in 2018

Cyclone, 4Flood, 10

Volca no, 2
Typhoon, 4

La ndslide, 2

Ea rthquake (orTs unami), 8

Figure 8: Breakdown of Emergency Observations by Disaster *Requests in 2018
*Requests (N=31)

Cycl one, 4
Vol cano, 2

Fl ood, 10
Typhoon, 4Earthquake (orTs unami), 7

La ndslide, 2Figure 9: Breakdown of Emergency Observations by Disaster *Activations in 2018
*Activations (N=30)

14Chapter 3: Emergency Observation Operation in 2018

3.2.

Results of Emergency Observations

During 2018, the monthly average of activations was 2.5. Figure 10 shows the monthly
distribution of activations throughout 2018. The highest number of activations occurredin July and August, corresponding to 40.0% of the total number. The remaining monthsof 2018 saw a number of activations that varied from 0 to 4. Most of the activations werecaused by water disasters such as floods and earthquake.
76

6

Number of Activations

6
5
4
4
3

3

3

3
2
2
1

1

1

1
0

0

0

Figure 10: Number of monthly activations in 2018

Figure 11 shows the number of emergency observations by country. Countries andregions with a large number of requests are mostly located in Southeast Asia, including
Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar and Philippines. The highest number ofactivations was Vietnam at 6 activation. Request from the United Arab Emirates was
accepted first time.

Number of Acti vation

8
6
6
4
4
3
2

2

2

2

2

2

2
1

1

1

0

Figure 11: Number of activations by country in 2018
15

1

1

Chapter 3: Emergency Observation Operation in 2018

Figure 12 shows the number of implementations by DPN. In total, 69 implementations
were made in 2018, and satellite data was provided to the requesters. The highest
numbers of implementations were made by JAXA and ISRO, corresponding to 75.3% of
the total number.

Number of Implementation

30
25

27
25

20
15

9

10

6
5

2

0
JAXA

ISRO

GISTDA

MBRSC

NARL

CRISP

KARI

STI/VAST

DPN

Figure 12: Number of responses by DPN in 2018

Figure 13 shows the number of optical and radar data by DPN. In 2018, a total of 820
scenes were provided by DPN members. The total can be broken down into archives(277) and new acquisitions (543). The highest data numbers are occupied by JAXA,ISRO and GISTDA.

Number of Scenes

300

200

274

198

186

126
100

22

11

3
0
JAXA

ISRO

GISTDA

NARL

MBRSC

CRISP

KARI

STI/VAST

DPN
Archive

New Acquisition

Figure 13: Data consumption (Archive and New Acquisition) by DPN in 201816

Chapter 3: Emergency Observation Operation in 2018

Figure 14 shows the number of implementations by DAN in 2018. In total, 69 were
implemented, and Value Added Product (VAP) were provided to requesters. The highest
numbers of implementations were made by AIT and JAXA, corresponding to 59.4% of
the total number. And

25
23
20
18
15
9

10

7

6
3

5

1

1

1

0
AIT

JAXA

YU

EOS

ADPC IWMI

HITGISTDA CEA

Figure 14: Number of responses by DAN in 2018

Figure 15 shows the number of provided VAP in 2018. In total, 328 VAPs were provided
to requesters. The highest number of implementations was made by AIT and JAXA,
corresponding to 56.1% of the total number. And more than 30 VAPs were provided by
Yamaguchi University (YU), Earth Observatory of Singapore (EOS), Asian Disaster
Preparedness Center (ADPC) and International Water Management Institute (IWMI).

17

Chapter 3: Emergency Observation Operation in 2018

120

117

100
80

67

60
35

40

35

33

33

20
4

2

2

0
AIT

JAXA

YU

EOS

ADPC IWMI

HITGISTDA CEA

Figure 15: Numver of VAP by DAN in 2018

[Comment of ISRO as great effort of DPN in 2018]
During 2018, ISRO has responded to 25 EOR’s spread across 13 countries with the help of
65 multi-temporal and multi-sensor satellite datasets. The year 2018 was most disaster
affected in South- East Asia. The most devastating disasters to name were Indonesia
Earthquake, Japan Earthquake, Indonesia Tsunami and Sri Lanka Floods.

18Chapter 3: Emergency Observation Operation in 2018

3.3. Good Practices

3.3.1. Flood in Myanmar (July 2018)
A monsoon tragically hit the east part of Kayin State in July 2018, generating a floodin the area. According to the OCHA report, it is estimated that at least eleven people
died and about 122,000 people were temporarily evacuated to safer locations. Evacuees
were either sheltering in one of the 288 evacuation sites or staying with relatives andhost families as of the 30th of July.
Sentinel Asia received an EOR from the AHA center on the 29th of July and provided
satellite data received from DPNs during the following days. Several VAPs were also
developed and provided by ADPC, AIT, Yamaguchi University and the Earth
Observatory of Singapore. The provided VAPs were shared with the Relief andResettlement Department (RRD) in Myanmar, a national disaster management
organization, and utilized for the estimation of damage and emergency response
activities.
News source;(https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/asia-and-pacific-weekly-regional-humanitarian-s
napshot-24-31-july-2018)

Figure 16: VAP (provided by AIT)

19

Chapter 3: Emergency Observation Operation in 2018

3.3.2. Flood in Lao PDR (July 2018)
Heavy rainfall hit several states in the southern part of the Lao PDR (Laos) in July
2018. As a result of the rainfall, the Xepien-Xenamnoyu dam collapsed on the 22nd of
July. OCHA reported that more than 5,600 people had been affected in the Stung Treng
Province in northern Cambodia as of the 31st of July.
Sentinel Asia received an EOR from ADPC on the 25th of July and began providing
satellite data received from DPNs after 26 July. Several VAPs were also developed andprovided by JAXA, ADPC, IWMI, Yamaguchi University, AIT and the Earth
Observatory of Singapore. The provided VAPs were shared with disaster management
organizations in Lao PDR and utilized for DRR activities in affected area.
News source;(https://reliefweb.int/disaster/ff-2018-000118-lao)Figure 17: VAP (provided by ADPC)

20

Chapter 3: Emergency Observation Operation in 2018

3.3.3. Earthquake in Japan (September 2018)
A magnitude 6.7 earthquake struck the Iburi region, Hokkaido of Japan on the 6th of
September 2018. According to the report made by the Fire and Disaster Management
Agency in Japan, 782 people suffered major injuries and 43 died as a result of thedisaster.
Sentinel Asia received an EOR from the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport
and Tourism and JAXA, and began providing satellite data received from DPNs on thesame day of occurrence. Several VAPs were also developed and provided by Yamaguchi
University, AIT, the Institute of Geology, the China Earthquake Administration and theEarth Observatory of Singapore. The provided VAPs were shared with disastermanagement organizations in Japan.

Figure 18: VAP (provided by the Institute of Geology, China Earthquake
Administration (CEA))
21

Chapter 3: Emergency Observation Operation in 2018

3.3.4. Earthquake and Tsunami in Indonesia (September 2018)
Magnitude 7.4 earthquake struck off Central Sulawesi, Indonesia on Friday, 28
September 2018. This earthquake generates large scale tsunami and hit in this region.
According to final report of the national disaster management agency’s (BNPB) in
Indonesia, there were 206494 dispatched, 4438 major injured, 2081 died and 1309
missing.
BNPB, LAPAN and AHA Center submitted EOR form on 29 September, one day laterof the earthquake. ADRC received this EOR form and confirmed a requested
information on this day. After that ADRC activated this EOR and requested to provide
satellite images and VAP to DPN and DAN. And this request was escalated to theInternational Disaster Charter. It was coordinated within 24 hours after request.
First satellite images were provided by JAXA and ISRO on 2 October, 3 days later after
request. Also VAPs were provided by EOS, AIT, Yamaguchi University and JAXA on 2
October. Totally, 71 archive data and 84 satellite image after disaster were provided.
And 33 VAPs by DANs were provided. One VAP provided by Yamaguchi University
shows a reification phenomenon in the affected area as shown in figure 19.
AIT/GIS dispatched some staffs to the site and confirmed provided data was utilized inArmy Central Commando Station in Sigi and others for emergency response activity as
shown in photo 1. And information from Sentinel Asia was shared to report of AHA
center.

22

Chapter 3: Emergency Observation Operation in 2018

Figure 19: VAP (provided by Yamaguchi University)

Photo 1: Army Central Commando Station in Sigi (AIT/GIC report)

23

Chapter 4: External Relations

4. External Relations

4.1. Accession of New Members
In 2018, the following three organizations joined SA. An introduction from the
Myanmar Information Management Unit (MIMU) is shown as follows.
-

National Disaster Management Research Institute (NDMI)-

Vietnam Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources (VIGMR)-

Myanmar Information Management Unit（MIMU）

4.1.1. Myanmar Information Management Unit (MIMU)(1) Outline of organization
The Myanmar Information Management Unit (MIMU) was originally established in2007. This service under the Office of the United Nations Resident and Humanitarian
Coordinator supports humanitarian, development and peace-focused activities in
Myanmar. Its purpose is to improve the capacity for analysis and decision making in
Myanmar by a wide variety of stakeholders - including Myanmar’s government, theUnited Nations, non-governmental organizations, donors, and academic and researchsectors- through strengthening the coordination, collection, processing, analysis anddissemination of information.

(2) Greeting from MIMUMIMU is honored to have been accepted to participate as a member of Joint Project
Team in Sentinel Asia. By providing critical and timely information for disaster
response and recovery, we believe that Sentinel Asia is instrumental to support disastermanagement in Asia-Pacific region.
In disaster management, MIMU supports gathering, collation, processing, analysis
and dissemination of geospatial and other data relevant to affected populations. Basedon hazard proxy maps produced by Data Analysis Node members (DAN), MIMU createsvalue-added products and analysis of the affected areas to support decision-making andoperational response. MIMU is also a key provider of capacity development togovernment, development and humanitarian actors through its many trainings in GIS,

24

Chapter 4: External Relations

data and information management. MIMU has also engaged with the academic sector
in Myanmar to review the evolving geospatial needs in Myanmar and capacities to meetthose needs.
As Joint Project Team member for Sentinel Asia, MIMU adds value through its uniqueposition and extensive links with responders and donors in Myanmar which enable us
to share the result of Sentinel Asia Activation from the users point of view report to theSecretariat and other JPT-3 Member organizations. In doing so, MIMU hopes to actively
contribute to refine user requirements to support Sentinel Asia data provision andanalysis in a timely manner.

Photo 2: Team of Myanmar Information Management Unit (MIMU)

25

Chapter 4: External Relations

4.2. Collaboration and Cooperation

4.2.1

International Disaster Charter

The rollout to IDC began in February 2010 as required. Six disasters were escalated
through SA in 2018.

Table 3 List of Charter Escalation in 2018
Acti va tion
NumberCountry

Disaster Type

Activation
Da teReques ter

Project Ma na ger

303

Phillipnes

Volcanic Eruption

15-Jan-18

PHIVOLCS

Philippine Institute of Volcanology andSeismology (PHIVOLCS) - DOST

304

PNG

Volcanic Eruption

20-Jan-18

DMC

Asian Institute of Technology (AIT)314

Lao PDR

Flood

25-Jul-18

ADPC/DSWUNITAR / UNOSAT

317

Indonesia

Earthqueke

6-Aug-18

AHA Center/BNPB

Asian Institute of Technology (AIT)324

Phillipnes

Typhoon13-Sep-18

AHA Center/NDRRMC/MO

Philippine Institute of Volcanology andSeismology (PHIVOLCS) - DOST

326

Indonesia

Earthqueke

29-Sep-18

AHA Center/BNPB/LAPAN

Asian Institute of Technology (AIT)26

Chapter 5: Communication and Conference5.

Conferences and Press Releases

5.1.

Conferences

5.1.1. 5th Joint Project Team Meeting (JPTM2018)
Organizer: National Applied Research Laboratories (NARLabs) and Japan Aerospace
Exploration Agency (JAXA)
Date: 23-24, January, 2018
Venue: Howard Civil Service International House, Taiwan

Nine sessions were set on this conference. For instance, “Sentinel Asia Strategic Planfor the next 10 years” was reported from JAXA and agreed by participants. Also three
new members NDMI, MBRSC and EOS were introduced. In closing, ADRC as next hostorganization showed Awaji-island in Japan where it will be held next JPTM.

Photo 3: Group Photo27

Chapter 5: Communication and Conference

5.1.2. Workshop on coordination improvement on emergency mapping support,
sharing, and communication of Sentinel Asia Activity (Myanmar)
Organizer: AIT/GIC, GISTDA, Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC) and Japan
Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Relief and Resettlement Department (RRD),
Myanmar, Department of Meteorology and Hydrology
Date: 30 January, 2018
Venue: Horizon Lake View Resort, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar

Myanmar has large number of hazards in past. Sentinel Asia received lots of EORs
from Myanmar and activated their requests. This workshop aims to strengthen networkwith related organization in Myanmar such as RRD, DMH and MIMU as new member
in 2018. Participants confirmed more close communication in case of disaster for
Sentinel Asia Activity. After this workshop, a training for young staffs of RRD and DMH
was held from 31 January to 2 February. AIT conducted this training with having
several practices and lectures.

Photo 4: Group Photo28

Chapter 5: Communication and Conference

Photo 5: Training

5.1.3. Workshop on coordination improvement on emergency mapping support,
sharing, and communication of Sentinel Asia Activity (Thailand)
Organizer: AIT/GIC, GISTDA, Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC) and Japan
Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
Date: 22 February, 2018
Venue: Wayupak Convention Center, Bangkok, Thailand

GISTDA and AIT/GIC had big contribution for Sentinel Asia. A role of theseorganization is quite important for SA activity. This workshop aims to strengthen
network with other organization in Thialand such as DDPM as disaster management
organization in Thailand. After this workshop, a training for young staffs was held from26 to 28 February. AIT conducted this training with having several practices andlectures.

29

Chapter 5: Communication and Conference

Photo 6: Group Photo

Photo 7: Group Photo5.1.4. Workshop on coordination improvement on emergency mapping support,
sharing, and communication of Sentinel Asia Activity (Vietnam)
Organizer: AIT/GIC, Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC) and Japan Aerospace
Exploration Agency (JAXA), STI
Date: 19-20 March, 2018
Venue: Space Technology Institute (STI), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology,
Hanoi, Vietnam
30

Chapter 5: Communication and Conference

JPT members in Vietnam have been requested a lots of EOR in past. A relationship iswell-organized between disaster management organizations and space agency in
Vietnam. This workshop held for more advanced cooperation in this country. For
instance, Mr. An Quang Hung from DMPTC suggested to make a swift sharing system
of VAP with STI and MONRE.

Photo 8: Group Photo5.1.5. Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction 2018
Organizer: Government of Mongolia, UNISDR
Date: 3-6 July, 2018
Venue: Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Asian ministerial conference for disaster risk reduction (AMCDRR) is anintergovernmental conference held to discuss latest issue and share an information on
DRR. Mr. Suzuki, co-chair of Sentinel Asia, had a presentation regarding summery of
Sentinel Asia on pre-conference. Also Secretariat of Sentinel Asia set booth forpromoting to participants.

31

Chapter 5: Communication and Conference

Photo 9: Group Photo5.1.6. 69th International Astronautical Congress Bremen 2018
Date: 1-5 October 2018
Venue: Messe Bremen, Germany

The International Astronautical Congress (IAC) consists of a scientific conference
program and a space exhibition. It is the one annual opportunity for around 4,000
specialists in space-related fields from all over the world come together. Global,
multidisciplinary, and covering all space sectors and topics, it offers everyone the latest
space information and above all new contacts and potential partnerships.
Mr. Wasanchai Vongsantivanich, from the Geo-Informatics and Space Technology
Development Agency (GISTDA) in Thailand, gave a presentation related to GISTDA’s
recent efforts, entitled “Using space for disaster management in emerging space states:a critical assessment” during the session “Is Space R&D Truly Fostering a Better Worldfor Our Future?”.
(Source: https://www.iac2018.org/about/)

32

Chapter 5: Communication and Conference

5.1.7. Asian Conference on Disaster Reduction 2018
Organizer: Government of Japan, Asian Disaster Reduction Center
Date: 30 October - 1 November 2018
Venue: Awaji Yumebutai, Awaji-island, Japan

Photo 10: Session 4 on ACDR

The ACDR2018 was attended by 118 participants from 26 countries including Turkey
as the latest member country, as well as representatives of international and regionalorganizations, the academic community, and the private sector. In the session 4, entitled“Space-based technology and Affordable solutions facilitating DRR”, AIT and JAXA
reported latest Sentinel Asia activity such as emergency response for the 2018 Tsunami
in Sulawesi, Indonesia.

5.1.8. 6th Joint Project Team Meeting for Sentinel Asia STEP3
Organizer: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Asian Disaster Reduction Center
Date: 1-2, November, 2018
Venue: Awaji Yumebutai, Awaji-island, Japan

33

Chapter 5: Communication and ConferenceThis JPTM was held to collaborate with Asian Conference on Disaster Reduction(ACDR2018). About 40 participants including representatives of satellite agencies, disastermanagement organizations, and academic institutions in Japan attended the meeting. Some ofparticipants from ACDR joined and reported about DRR for utilization space technology
in each countries (Cambodia, Lao PDR and Malaysia). Also DANs and DPNs had apresentation about each activity. And MIMU as new member was welcomed in Sentinel
Asia.

Photo 11: Group Photo5.1.9. 25th Session of the Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum (APRSAF-25)
Organizer: Singapore Space and Technology Association, Ministry of Education, Culture,
Sports, Science and Technology, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
Date: 6 to 9 November, 2018
Venue: Sheraton Towers Singapore, Singapore

APRSAF was established in 1993 to enhance space activities in the Asia-Pacific region.
Attended by space agencies, governments, and international organizations such as theUnited Nations as well as companies, universities and research institutes, this forum isthe largest space-related conference in the Asia-Pacific region. APRSAF has fourWorking Groups: the (1) Space Applications Working Group (SAWG), (2) SpaceTechnology Working Group (STWG), (3) Space Environment Utilization Working Group34

Chapter 5: Communication and Conference(SEUWG), and (4) Space Education Working Group (SEWG). APRSAF participants
share information about their activities and the future plans for their countries andregions in each working group. APRSAF also supports international projects designed
to find solutions to common issues such as disaster management and environmental
protection.

35

Chapter 5: Communication and Conference

5.2. Documents, Press Releases and Papers

5.2.1. Sentinel Asia Strategic Plan
Sentinel Asia (SA) is a voluntary basis initiative led by the Asia-Pacific Regional Space
Agency Forum (APRSAF) to support disaster management activity in the Asia-Pacificregion by integrating and applying Web-GIS and space-based technology. Throughout
Sentinel Asia’s history, the following steps in particular were conducted after 2006.
Step 1: Implementation of the backbone 'Sentinel Asia' data dissemination system andassociated Nodes (2006 - 2007)
Step 2: Expansion of the dissemination backbone with new Satellite Communication
Systems (2008 - 2012)
Step 3: Establishment of a comprehensive ‘Disaster Management Support System’ inthe region (2013 onwards)

We are working toward pushing the activity outlined in Step 3 further toward a morestrengthened SA network in 2018. This Step 3 will be finalized in 2019, and plans forthe next stages of the activity for 2020 and after will then need to be formulated. In
consideration of this, the SA Strategic Plan was proposed and shared with JPT
members in 2017.
The goal of the strategic plan is to develop procedures for improvements andoperations to achieve Sentinel Asia’s vision for the next 10 years (2020 onward). The
document was reviewed and updated to reflect the comments, advice and discussion
from the members of Steering Committee in 2017. Steering Committee members gave
various constructive ideas and proposals to improve effective use of the Sentinel Asia
initiative for DRR. The ideas tabled can be categorized into five “main challenges” as
described below:

I.

Satellite Data Provisions and Systems

II.

Value Added Product (VAP)III.

End-user Enhancement

IV.

Step-3 Activities (address the complete DRR cycle)

36

Chapter 5: Communication and Conference

V.

Communication, Collaboration and Cooperation

These items were summarized and shared with SC members to identify possible
contributions that could be made by our partners, and the time frame required toachieve them. Leading agencies for the 5 main challenges were suggested, and are
required to communicate and collaborate with all other DPNs, DANs, and user agencies
to achieve the best possible solution for their allocated challenge.
This Strategic Plan will be discussed in the next SC and JPT meeting for the bettermodification.

5.2.2. Standard Operation Procedure
As shown in previous chapters, Sentinel Asia initiated an emergency observation
request (EOR) system in 2007 used to provide image data (and analyzed images)
acquired through satellites operated by participating space agencies. Sentinel Asia has
used this EOR system to accept 333 requests and activate 289 requests as of December
2018.
On several occasions, however, it took a considerable amount of time to receive andactivate EORs – one of the possible reasons for this is a lack of a Standard Operation
Procedure (SOP). Thus, a SOP for EORs was developed for Joint Project Team (JPT)
members and Disaster Management Organizations (DMOs), in Myanmar, Thailand andVietnam in 2018.
These SOP put objectives as following;
1. Strengthen network between JPT members and DMOs in Thailand
2. Strengthen network between JPT members in Thailand and Secretariat of SA
3. Confirmation of detail procedure for EOR
4. Capacity building for JPT members of SA and DMOs in Thailand
5. Time management for the better EOR activity (Request and Activation)
The SOP also includes a specific explanation about the EOR procedure, including
additional information such as contact telephone numbers, e-mails, etc. Figure 20 is the
flowchart of an EOR when used in Thailand, which shows a simple breakdown ofrequest procedures for JPT members and DMOs.

37

Chapter 5: Communication and Conference

Figure 20: Flowchart of EOR (Thailand)

5.2.3. Newsletter
The secretariat of SA publishes a monthly newsletter for member organizations. The
following are the topics covered by the newsletters issued in 2018.

January 2018
1. [News] Emergency Observation of Disaster Occurred in January 2018
2. [Announcement] Result of the JPTM2018
3. [Announcement] Sentinel Asia Annual Report 2016
4. [Announcement] Using Cloud System on Sentinel Asia Web Portal for the NEXT STEP
5. [Announcement] Enhanced Security of Sentinel Asia Central Server
6. [Announcement] Emergency Observation Request (EOR)
7. [Announcement] Revision of documents
8. [Announcement] Requests to JPT Members
9. [Events]

38

Chapter 5: Communication and Conference

February 2018
1. [News] Emergency Observation of Disaster Occurred in February 2018
2. [Announcement] Questionnaire on Web-GIS service for Sentinel Asia Members
3. [Announcement] Using Cloud System on Sentinel Asia Web Portal for the NEXT STEP
4. [Announcement] End of the Old E-mail Accounts
5. [Announcement] Enhanced Security of Sentinel Asia Central Server
6. [Announcement] Emergency Observation Request (EOR)
7. [Announcement] Revision of Documents
8. [Announcement] Requests to JPT Members
9. [Events]

March 2018
1. [News] Emergency Observation of Disaster Occurred in March 2018
2. [Announcement] Questionnaire on Web-GIS service for Sentinel Asia Members
3. [Announcement] Enhanced Security of Sentinel Asia Central Server
4. [Announcement] Emergency Observation Request (EOR)
5. [Announcement] Requests to JPT Members
6. [Events]

April 2018
1. [News] Emergency Observation of Disaster Occurred in March 2018
2. [Announcement] New address of Sentinel Asia Project Office
3. [Announcement] Enhanced Security of Sentinel Asia Central Server
4. [Announcement] Emergency Observation Request (EOR)
5. [Announcement] Requests to JPT Members
6. [Announcement] Data Provision 2nd speed test
7. [Events]

May 2018
1. [News] Emergency Observation of Disaster Occurred in April 2018
2. [Announcement] All Passwords for Access to Sentinel Asia Web Page to be changed in June
3. [Announcement] All observation data prepared for effective utilization

39

Chapter 5: Communication and Conference

4. [Announcement] New address of Sentinel Asia Project Office
5. [Announcement] Enhanced Security of Sentinel Asia Central Server
6. [Announcement] Emergency Observation Request (EOR)
7. [Announcement] Requests to JPT Members
8. [Announcement] Data Provision 2nd speed test
9. [Events]

June 2018
1. [News] Our New Members
2. [News] JAXA GSMaP Websites Renewal
3. [News] Emergency Observation of Disaster Occurred in May 2018
4. [Announcement] All Passwords for Access to Sentinel Asia Web Page changed on 25 June
5. [Announcement] All observation data prepared for effective utilization
6. [Announcement] New address of Sentinel Asia Project Office
7. [Announcement] Enhanced Security of Sentinel Asia Central Server
8. [Announcement] Emergency Observation Request (EOR)
9. [Announcement] Requests to JPT Members
10. [Announcement] Data Provision 2nd speed test
11. [Events] Next JPTM etc

July 2018
1. [News] Message from Our New Members
2. [News] Emergency Observation of Disaster Occurred in June 2018
3. [Announcement] New address of Sentinel Asia Project Office
4. [Announcement] Emergency Observation Request (EOR)
5. [Announcement] Requests to JPT Members
6. [Events] Upcoming Events

August 2018
1. [News] Welcome New Member
2. [News] 2018 Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction
3. [News] Emergency Observation of Disaster Occurred in July 201840

Chapter 5: Communication and Conference

4. [Announcement] New address of Sentinel Asia Project Office
5. [Announcement] Emergency Observation Request (EOR)
6. [Announcement] Request for Cooperation to "Sentinel Asia Member Questionnaire"
7. [Announcement] Requests to JPT Members
8. [Announcement] Tips for a data registration on SA Web
9. [Announcement] Collection of Good Practice in Disaster Emergency Observation by ALOS-2“DAICHI 2”
10. [Events] Upcoming Events

September 2018
1. [News] 2018 Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction
2. [News] Emergency Observation of Disaster Occurred in July 2018
3. [Announcement] New address of Sentinel Asia Project Office
4. [Announcement] Emergency Observation Request (EOR)
5. [Announcement] Request for Cooperation to "Sentinel Asia Member Questionnaire"
6. [Announcement] Requests to JPT Members
7. [Announcement] Tips for a data registration on SA Web
8. [Announcement] Collection of Good Practice in Disaster Emergency Observation by ALOS-2“DAICHI 2”
9. [Events] Upcoming Events

October 2018
1. [Announcement] Latest Agenda of JPTM2018 and ACDR2018, Awaji Island, Japan
2. [News] Emergency Observation of Disaster Occurred in September 2018
3. [Announcement] Emergency Observation Request (EOR)
4. [Announcement] Request for Cooperation to "Sentinel Asia Member Questionnaire"
5. [Announcement] Collection of Good Practice in Disaster Emergency Observation by ALOS-2“DAICHI 2”
6. [Announcement] Revision of Document (TOR for JPT)
7. [Announcement] Requests to JPT Members
8. [Events] Upcoming Events

41

Chapter 5: Communication and Conference

November 2018
1. [News] Emergency Observation of Disasters Occurring in October 2018
2. [News] Results of JPTM2018 & ACDR2018
3. [News] Sentinel Asia Step3 System will Start Next Year
4. [News] United Nations International Conference on Space-based Technologies for Disaster Risk
Reduction, "Enhancing Disaster Preparedness for Effective Emergency Response"
5. [Announcement] Password Change on 25 December (Sentinel Asia Step2 System)
6. [Announcement] Emergency Observation Request (EOR)
7. [Announcement] Requests to JPT Members
8. [Events] Upcoming Events

December 2018
1. [News] Emergency Observation of Disasters Occurring in November 2018
2. [News] New Member of DAN
3. [News] Sentinel Asia Step3 System Commence from Next Year
4. [Announcement] Password Changed on 25 December (Sentinel Asia Step2 System)
5. [Announcement] Emergency Observation Request (EOR)
6. [Announcement] Requests to JPT Members
7. [Events]

42

Chapter 6: Assessment of Sentinel Asia Operation

6.

Assessment of Sentinel Asia Operations

6.1. Overall Impact
When natural disasters common to mainly Asian areas – such as floods, droughts andearthquakes – occur, ADRC releases information on the phenomena that trigger thedisasters in addition to the damages incurred (http://www.adrc.asia/latest/index.php).
In 2018 the total number of natural disasters (excluding drought and snow hazards)
collected by ADRC was 57. 18 of these disasters were covered by SA (31.2%).

12

11

Number of Disasters

10
8

7
6

6

6
4

44

4

4
2

2

2

2

2

2
1

2
1

2
1

2

2

2
11

1

1

1

1

0

Natural Disasters collected by ADRC

Natural Disasters covered by SA

Figure 21: Breakdown by countries of major natural disasters collected by ADRC
in 2018. Dark blue indicates disasters covered by SA.

6.2. Analysis of Operational Performance
Figure 22 summarizes the number of days from the occurrence of the disaster to therequest for each disaster and their respective years. Overall, this shows that it took anumber of days from the first occurrence of the disaster to a request for the period
between 2011 and 2018.

43

Chapter 6: Assessment of Sentinel Asia Operation

4
2.7

Number of Days

3

2.7
2.4

2.3

2.0

2016

2017

2018

2
1.6

2.1

2.1

2014

2015

1

0
2011

2012

2013

Figure 22: Number of Days Required from Disaster Occurrence to Request

Figure 23 shows the number of days that were required from the date the request is
received to activation. Overall, it took 0.5 days from request to activation in 2018. It was
improved from last year.

2

Number of Days

1.5
0.9
1.0
0.8

1

0.5
0.4
0.4

0.5

0
2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Figure 23: Number of Days Required from Request to Activation

Figure 24 to Figure 25 indicate the average number of days required to provide eachdata for each year, and the percentage of completed data provisions. Figure 24’s Archive
Satellite Data indicates that the percentage of provisions declined from 2015, totaling
44

Chapter 6: Assessment of Sentinel Asia Operation

63.3% in 2018, while the average number of days was improved to 2.0 days from last
year.

8.0
100.0

Percentage

80.0

94.4
100.0

70.8

90.3

61.8

60.0

5.9

6.0

4.0

4.8 5.3

40.0
20.0

62.1

63.3

3.9
2.9

2.7

Number of Days

100.0

2.0

2.0
2.0

0.0

0.0
2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Percentage of Provided (Provided/Total)
Required average day for provide

Figure 24: Average Number of Days Required to Provide Archive Satellite Data
and Response Rate for Each Year
Figure 25’s Satellite Data after Disaster shows that the percentage of provisions
increased sharply from 2014 onward, while the number of days required for data
provision has declined in recent years. The average number of days required forprovision was 3.2 days over the past 3 years, from 2016 to 2018.

45

Chapter 6: Assessment of Sentinel Asia Operation

12.0
9.8
95.8

84.2

94.1

88.9

10.0

80.6

80

93.1

Percentage

8.8

93.3

8.0

9.0

60

55.6

40

6.0
2.5

4.0

20

3.4

3.4

4.0

Number of Days

100

2.0

3.6

0

0.0
2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Percentage of Provided (Provided/Total)
Required average day for provide

Figure 25: Average Number of Days Required to Provide Satellite Data After
Disaster and Activation Rate for Each Year
Figure 26’s products were 86.7% in 2018. It is getting better since 2016. And theaverage number of days required for provision was 3.5 days. This is also it is getting
better since 2014.

30.0
25.9
83.3

Pe rce ntage

80
60

20.7
58.1

25.0

82.8

18.0

78.9

40

73.5

86.7

15.7
38.9

20.0
15.0

38.9

10.0

Number of Days

100

3.5
7.8

20

5.0
5.5

4.7

0

0.0
2011

2012

2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Percentage of Provided (Provided/Total)

2018

Required average day for provide

Figure 26: Average Number of Days Required to Provide Products and Activation
Rate for Each Year46

Chapter 7: Conclusions

7. Conclusions

Since the start of 2007, we have conducted emergency observation activities for 333
natural hazards, and three organizations joined SA as new members during 2018. The
number of participating institutions in the initiative has now reached 107 including 8
DPNs and 46 DANs.

Followings are conclusion based on activities in 2018 and suggestions toward for 2019.
・

In 2018, 31 EOR were submitted and 30 EOR were activated. Around 58 % of EOR
was related to Flood, Earthquake and Tsunami.

・Submitted EORs were concentrated from July to September as rainy season in
Asian countries. It is expected that similar trend will be occur after 2019.

・

Strengthen network was confirmed at workshop in Myanmar, Thailand andVietnam. And Standard Operation Procedure was developed for these countries. It
should be spread to other countries for the better activity of Sentinel Asia.

・

In several conferences, JPTM in Taiwan/Awaji and Steering Committee in Thailand,
it was proposed a new system “OPTEMIS” and confirmed more strong linkage
between space agency and disaster management organization.

・Sentinel Asia Strategic Plan was confirmed by JPT member in 2018.

47

Sentinel Asia

List of JPT Members(91 organizations from 28 countries/regions and 16 international organizations)
No.

Country / Region

1

Armenia

No.

Australia

3

Bangladesh

3
4
5
6

4

BhutanData Provider
Node (DPN)

Data Analysis
Node (DAN)

1 Ministry of Emergency Situation (MES)22Organization

7
8
9

CSIRO Office of Space Science and Applications(COSSA)
Geoscience Australia (GA)
Bureau of Meteorology (BOM)
Bangladesh Space Research and remote Sensing
Organization (SPARRSO)
Department of Disaster Management, Ministry ofHome and Cultural Affairs
National Land Commission
Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan
Department of Geology and Mines (DGM)

10 Ministry of Works and Human Settlement (MoWHS)
5Brunei✔

11 Survey Department (SD), Ministry of Development

Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning andConstruction
National Committee for Disaster Management
13(NCDM)
National Disaster Reduction Center of China
14(NDRCC), Ministry of Civil Affair
College of Disaster and Emergency Management,
15
Beijing Normal University (BNU)
Institute of Geology, China Earthquake
16
Administration (CEA)
17 Sichuan University
12

6

Cambodia

7

China

✔
✔
✔

18 The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)
19

8

Fiji

9

India

Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment(IMHE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)20 National Disaster Management Office, FIJI (NDMO)
21 Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)

Indonesia✔

✔

22 University of Kashmir
23 Gauhati University
24 National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB)

Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics andSpace (LAPAN)
26 Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB)
27 Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani (UNJANI)
Center for Remote Sensing and Ocean Sciences
28(CReSOS) Udayana University
25

10

✔

29

Center of Technology for Natural Resources Inventory(PTISDA - BPPT)

30 Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries

✔

✔
✔
✔

31 Keio University
32 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)✔

✔

Infrastructure Development Institute (IDI) Japan(IFNet)34 Hokkaido University
35 Yamaguchi University✔

36 Chubu University✔

37 Chiba University✔

38 Hiroshima Institute of Technology✔

39 Tokyo Institute of Technology (TIT)

✔

33

11

Japan

International Research Institute of Disaster Science,40
Tohoku University
41 University of Tokyo
National Research Institute for Earth Science and42
Disaster Resilience (NIED)12

Kazakhstan

13

Korea

14

Kyrgyz43✔
✔

National Center of Space Researches and Technologies(NCSRT)

44 Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI)

National Disaster Management Research Institute45(NDMI)
Central Asian Institute of Applied Geosciences
46(CAIAG)

✔
✔

✔
✔
✔

47 Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare
15

Lao P.D.R.

Natural Resources and Environment Institute (NREI),
48 Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment(MONRE)
49 National Security Division, Prime Minister's Department
16

Malaysia

50 Malaysian Remote Sensing Agency (ARSM)
51 Malaysian National Space Agency (ANGKASA)

17

Mongolia

52✔

Information And Research Institute Of Meteorology,
Hydrology And Environment (IRIMHE)

53 Department of Meteorology and Hydrology (DMH)
18

Myanmar54 Relief and Resettlement Department (RRD)
55

19

Nepal

Myanmar Earthquake Committee (MEC) , Myanmar
Engineering Society (MES)56 Survey Department (SD)
Department of Water Induced Disaster Management
57(DWIDM), Ministry of Irrigation
58 Land Management Training Centre

Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM),
Ministry of Population & Environment
Pakistan Space & Upper Atmosphere Research
60
Commission (SUPARCO)
61 National Disaster Centre (NDC)
59

20

Pakistan

21

Papua New Guinea✔

62

Office of Civil Defense (OCD), National Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC)

National Mapping and Resource Information
Authority (NAMRIA)
Bureau of Soils and Water Management (BSWM),
64
Department of Agriculture

✔

63

22

Philippines

65

Mines and Geoscience Bureau (MGB), Department ofEnvironment and Natural Resources

66

Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical andAstronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)

67

Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging
Technology Research and Development (PCIEERD)

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology(PHIVOLCS)
69 Manila Observatory (MO)NOAH Center of the University of the Philippines70
Resilience InstituteCentre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing
71(CRISP)
72 Earth Observatory of Singapore (EOS)

✔

✔

68

23

24

Singapore

Sri Lanka✔
✔

74 Ministry of Disaster Management✔

Taiwan✔

Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research,
National Central University (CSRSR, NCU)

Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development
Agency (GISTDA)
Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
78(DDPM)
79 Department of Water Resources (DWR)
80 Royal Forest Department (RFD)
77

Thailand

✔

✔

76

26

✔

73 Survey Department of Sri Lanka

75 National Applied Research Laboratories (NARL)
25

✔

✔
✔

✔

✔

81 National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department
82 Royal Irrigation Department (RID)
83 Land Development Department (LDD)

Andaman Environment and Natural Disaster✔

84 Research Center, Prince of Songkla University (ANED,27

United Arab Emirates

PSU)
85 Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre (MBRSC)✔

✔

Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology(VAST)
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
87(MARD)
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
88(MONRE)
86

28

Vietnam✔

✔

✔

89 Cartography Department, Ministry of Defense (MOD)90 Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST)

Vietnam Institute of Geosciences and Mineral
Resources (VIGMR)
92 Asian Institute of Technology (AIT)93 The ASEAN Secretariat
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for
94
Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP)
United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs
95(UNOOSA)International Center for Integrated Mountain96
Development (ICIMOD)
CSIRO Office of Space Science and Applications
97(COSSA)
International Centre for Water Hazard and Risk
98
Management (ICHARM)
99 Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC)
91

29

International Organization

✔

✔

✔
✔

100 Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC/SOPAC)
101 The World Bank (WB)
102 International Water Management Institute (IWMI)✔

103 Asian Development Bank (ADB)✔

104

ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian
Assistance on disaster management (AHA Centre)

105 World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) - Pakistan✔

106 Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC)
107 Myanmar Information Management Unit (MIMU)
846

as of Dec 2018

List of Emergency Observation Request by each country

Activation

Rejection

Percentage ofActivation

Number of requested EOR (by each disaster)

RequestNumber of requested EOR (by year)

Indonesia

51

44

7

86.3

7

2

5

9

2

4

2

Vietnam

43

38

5

88.4

2

2

4

7

2

1

2

Philippine

33

31

2

93.9

1

1

6

1

4

4

3

1

2

4

4

2

33

11

33.3

4

India

20

17

3

85.0

1

4

3

1

2

2

1

2

1

3

20

11

55.0

Japan

19

19

0

100.0

1

4

1

3

3

2

1

2

19

9

Nepal

19

19

0

100.0

1

2

1

1

1

4

2

2

19

Taiwan

15

15

0

100.0

2

1

2

5

3

2

Thailand

13

11

2

84.6

1

2

1

Myanmar

13

11

2

84.6

Pakistan

12

8

4

66.7

Sri Lanka

12

11

1

91.7

China

10

8

2

80.0

Bangladesh

9

9

0

100.0

3

1

Tajikistan

7

7

0

100.0

1

2

1

1

Kazakhstan

6

4

2

66.7

1

2

3

Bhutan

6

4

2

66.7

2

Mongolia

6

0

6

0.0

Australia

5

5

0

100.0

Kyrgyzstan

5

2

3

40.0

Brunei

5

3

2

60.0

Cambodia

3

3

0

100.0

Solomon

3

3

0

100.0

Malaysia

3

3

0

100.0

Lao PDR

3

3

0

100.0

Korea

2

2

0

100.0

Fiji

2

2

0

100.0

Tonga

2

2

0

100.0

PNG

2

2

0

100.0

Afghanistan

1

0

1

0.0

New Zealand

1

1

0

100.0

Vanuatu

1

1

0

100.0

United ArabEmirates

1

1

0

100.0

Total

333

289

44

-

Flood

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Earthquake

Landslide

Typhoon

Forest fire

Total
Num.

Num.

Num.

Num.

Num.

Num.

Num.

Num.

Num.

Num.

Num.

Num.

4

2

7

3

4

2

3

12

2
1

2

2

2

3
1

1

2
1
2

1

2
1

Num.

(%)

51

16

31.4

12

23.5

4

7.8

6

43

31

72.1

0

0.0

1

2.3

Num.

(%)

2

3.9

12

23.5

1

3.0

1

5.0

1

5.0

1

5.0

47.4

5

26.3

3

15.8

12

63.2

2

10.5

2

10.5

15

4

26.7

2

13.3

1

6.7

2

13

11

84.6

1

7.7

3

13

7

53.8

4

30.8

1

7.7

12

5

41.7

2

16.7

4

33.3

12

10

83.3

1

8.3

2

10

2

20.0

3

30.0

2

9

5

55.6

2

22.2

7

4

57.1

1

14.3

6

3

50.0

2

33.3

6

3

50.0

3

50.0

1

6

2

33.3

3

50.0

1

5

3

60.0

1

20.0

5

1

20.0

5

4

80.0

3

3

100.0

1

1

3

1

1

2

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

2

1
1

1
1
1

1

3

1

3

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

1

1
1

1

3

1

33.3

2

1

3

2

66.7

1

3

2

66.7

1

2

1
1

1

2

1
1

19

36

32

1

2.3

15.0

2

10.5

1

6.7

1

8.3

1

14.3

1

16.7

1

16.7

2

40.0

1

33.3

1

33.3

23

-

10.5

5.3
1

6.7

1

7.7

7.7

1

8.3

2

22.2

10.0

20.0

33.3

100.0

50.0

100.0

1

1

1

100.0

31

333

14

-

50.0

1

50.0

100.0
1

164

1

3

33.3

1
1

9.8

15.0

1

2

5

3

20.0

1

(%)

9.1

1

1

4.7

Num.

3

1

1

1

25

20.0

20.0

(%)

6.1

40.0

1

Num.

others

2

100.0

2

1

20

1

6.1

2

1

1

14.3

2

1

1

2

1

25

1

40.0

(%)

50.0

1

39

4

6

Num.

Oil Spill2

2
1

Cyclone

1

1

43

(%)

30.3

1

24

Num.

10

1

19

(%)

12.1

1

20

Num.

2.3

4

2

(%)

1

2

1

Num.

16.3

1

3

(%)

7

2

2

Num.

Volcanic
Eruption

-

43

100.0

-

25

-

25

-

17

-

17

-

5

-