Source: BP, Rio Tinto

Australian CCS Commercial and R&D Projects
CCS Workshop, Tokyo 2007
John WrightAustralian Situation 2007
• High level of CCS activity in Australia• early stage development in pilot, demonstrationand commercial planning• over 15 major projects covering CCS from coal
(black and brown) and gas (LNG and CSM)
• also a high level of activity in Research Centres,
Universities and CSIRODrivers for CCS in Australia• There are basically 3 main drivers for CCS inAustralia• reduction of GHG emissions• preparation for introduction of emissions trading
and a clean energy target (CET)• government and industry financial support (egLETDF, COAL21 fund, various state support)Geographic distribution of major, announced
Australian CCS projects
DarwinGorgonZeroGenCallide Oxyfuels
Fairview
Brisbane

Moomba CCS

PerthUCG
Darling Basin

Kwinana Hydrogen Energy

PCC

Black Coal
Brown CoalGas
Storage

Newcastle
SydneyCanberra

Adelaide

Otway BasinMonash Energy
Project

Melbourne

Hazelwood 2030
HobartLoy Yang ETISBrown Coal – Hazelwood 2030
• Lignite drying and CO2 capture
demonstration• 200MW boiler re-fit• CO2 amino acid-based solvent capture(25-50 TPD)
• CO2 used to neutralise
alkaline mine water• International Power,Alstom, RWE, Process
Group, CO2CRC• Cost, $360 million• Coal drying/CO2 capturecommencing 2008

Source: International Power

Brown Coal – Energy Technology
Innovation Strategy (ETIS) PCC Project• Assessment of PCC and process
options for Loy Yang A powerstation• Pilot CO2 capture (3 TPD) fromLoy Yang A• Testing of commercially available
and new solvents• Loy Yang, CSIRO, InternationalPower, CO2CRC• Government, CSIRO, Loy YangPower• Cost $5 million
Source: International Power

Brown Coal – MonashEnergy Project• Coal-to-liquids project• 60-70k barrels per day• 40 year life
• Coal drying, gasification and F-TGTL conversion• CO2 liquified and stored indepleted oil/gas field (15mtpa)• Storage potential up to 6 billion
tonnes• Anglo Coal, Shell• Project cost $5 billion

Source: Monash Energy

Brown Coal – IDGCC
Technology, HRL Limited• 400 MW IDGCC plant development• Efficiency increase from 33% - 40%• CO2 emission reduction up to 30%• Suitable for pre-combustion CO2capture• HRL Limited, Harbin Group• Cost $750M• Operation, late 2009

Source: HRLBlack Coal – ZeroGen Project• 100MW demonstration IGCCplant• Reduction of CO2 emissions by75% compared to conventional pfplant• Captured CO2 piped 220 km forstorage in the Denison trough(saline aquifer)• CO2 storage of 420
ktpa• Queensland
Government, Shell,Stanwell• Cost $445 million• Operation 2011

Source: ZeroGen

Correct picture here

Black Coal – Callide OxyfuelDemonstration Project• Retrofit a 30MW pf boiler foroxygen firing• Capture the CO2 and truck 50-75
tpa liquid 200-250 km for storage(Denison Trough – depleted gaswells)• CS Energy, Xstrata Coal,JCoal, IHI, JPower,
Schlumberger, CO2CRC,CCSD, ACA• Cost $180m• Startup, 2011

Source: CallideBlack Coal – Kwinana Hydrogen
Energy Project• 500MW IGCC power
plant with CCS• Sequestration of CO2 up
to 4 mtpa off shore in theSouth Perth Basin• Rio Tinto, BP• Project cost $2 billion• Feasibility studies underway (start up 2011 –2014)

Source: CO2CRC

Black Coal – PCC Projects• Laboratory research, evaluationof sorbents, membranes andenergy integration• Pilot plant research anddevelopment – Australia andChina (Mobile Pilot Plant)• CSIRO, Delta, Huanong Group

Source: CSIRO

Black Coal – Underground CoalGasification• Studies of underground coalgasification by at least twogroups in Australia• Include Carbon Energy andLinc Energy• Carbon Energy proposal todemonstrate oxygen-blown
UCG with CO2 removal and40MWe gas turbine• Cost $80 million• Carbon Energy, CSIRO
Metex Resources

Source: Carbon Energy

Gas – Gorgon Project• CO2-containing natural gasbrought to Barrow Island• CO2 captured from the naturalgas and injected in the Dupuy
Formation (2500m)• 3 – 4 mtpa CO2 sequestered• Chevron, Esso, Shell, Mobil• Cost $11 billion• Feasibility studies continuing

Source: Chevron

Gas – Fairview Project• Extraction of CSM• Gas turbine power generation(100MW)• CO2 solvent capture (340 tpd)
• Injection of CO2 to enhance
CSM extraction• Gas from an existing Santos
operation• Santos, BHP-B, Lucas, GE,ICTPL, CSIRO• Cost $445 million• Startup 2009

Source: R. Gillespie, AIE National Conference - 2006

Storage – Otway Basin Project

Source: CO2CRC• Extraction of CO2/CH4 gas fromexisting gas well
• CH4 removal, compression andinjection into a depleted gas field• Detailed modelling andmonitoring of site
• Injection of 100kt CO2• Partners – CO2CRC participants• Project cost $40 million• Commencing late 2007

Storage – Moomba Carbon Storage• The Cooper oil and gas fields with theMoomba processing plant are Australia’s
largest onshore resource investment• The depleted field is capable of storing up to20 Mt of CO2 pa for up to 50 years• Most gas handling infrastructure is in place• Propositions to take CO2 from NSW, SA andQLD CCS projects for sequestration

Source: SantosStorage – Reservoir Studies of theSydney and Darling Basins• Survey of sequestration potentialof NSW by FrOG Tech Pty Ltd• Concentrated in the Sydney andDarling Basins• Many areas shown not to besuitable – identified two areas forcloser examination

Darling
Basin

Source: FrOG Tech Pty Ltd

SydneyBasinMajor Projects Summary• Many CCS projects covering capture and storagefrom coal and gas power generation• Wide spread of technologies involving CCS• All are at an early stage and will take 10 – 15
years to be developed into full commercialprojects
And there is an equally active R&D activity

Main CCS R&D Centres

CCSD

Coal gasificationcLET

Coal gas processing

CO2CRC

CO2 capture and sequestration

CSIRO

Works with all centres andconducts independent CCS
R&D

PCC R&D in CSIRO
Why PCC?
• Low technology risk
• Flexible operation, in tune with market requirements• Ability to adopt technology improvements, providing
pathway toward zero-emissions• For new and retrofit applications, preventing
stranded assets

PF Power Plant with PCC

Generator

BoilerLiquid CO2

Electricity
Low CO2 flue gas
Absorber

Coal

CO2

StripperFlue gas
pretreatme
ntC.W.

FlyashFlue Gas

Leading option is a solvent processReboiler

Solvent System Development

Solvent - chemistry
Process design - flow sheet
Equipment - hardware
Integration - thermodynamics

A holistic approach is essential!

The Development Path for PCC
Current best technology
Generation I: MEA(chemicals)$/t CO2

Generation II: Improved “MEA”(EOR, chemicals)

Generation III: Novel solvents(PCC-CS)
Generation IV: Novel capture systems(PCC-CS)//19302000

2010

Focus of the lab research2020

Development / Testing Path
Now
Macro-scaletesting

Micro-scaletesting

Molecularmodelling andstructure activity
relationships

Synthesis ofnovel amines

Pilot-scaletesting

Demonstration
plant

Process
engineering
andeconomics

Laboratory – Micro Scale TGA• Micro-scale TGA measurements of solvents• Microgram quantities required so appropriate forscreening newly synthesised molecules• CO2 uptake measured as a mass increase

Laboratory – Macro Scale• Macro-scale absorption apparatus

Macro Scale Results
300 mL of 30% Amine Solutions w/w
13% CO2, 87% N2 @ 1.7 Lmin-1
T = 40°C, Ptot = 1atm, PCO2 = 0.13 atm
30%TEA

0.90.8Cumulative Absorption CO2/Amine (g/g)

2NCO230% MEA
27.5% TEA + 2.5% MEA
30% A1

0.7

27.5% TEA + 2.5% A1
30% A20.6

27.5% TEA + 2.5% A2
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0050

100

150200Time (min)250300350

Transportable PCC Pilot Plant• Multiple transportable pilot plants• 1,000 tpa• Pre-wash column for optional SOx / NOx scrubbing• Dual 200 mm absorbers• Single stripper column• Relocatable for slip stream operation• Several power stations in program burning black andbrown coal

• Modular construction• Plans for testing different packing types and novel
membrane contactors• Testing of alternative solvents (e.g. chiller being
added to test chilled ammonia as a solvent)• Sophisticated gas analysis• Providing data on solvent stability• Crucial information for environmental impact
assessments

Finally ………..
• Activity on CCS in Australia is at a high level• Most activities are still at an early stage• Activities cover a very broad range and involve blackand brown coal, natural gas and coal seam methane• Activities also cover exploration for sequestrationsites and the feasibility of integrated CO2 pipelines
There is also a healthy R&D
activity backing up the pilot anddemonstration projects