Disclaimer
This report was compiled by an ADRC visiting researcher (VR) from ADRC
member countries.
The views expressed in the report do not necessarily reflect the views ofthe ADRC. The boundaries and names shown and the designations usedon the maps in the report also do not imply official endorsement or
acceptance by the ADRC.

PSYCHOSOCIAL ISSUES IN JAPAN AND
INDONESIA(COMPARATIVE STUDY)
SUSILASTUTINATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY(BNPB) - INDONESIAADRC VR 2016A

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 ;THE PROBLEM
y Backgroundy Statement of problem
y Significance of the studyy ScopeSandd theth limitation
li it ti off theth studyt dChapter 2 : REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Chapter 3 : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Chapter 4 : INTERPRETATION OF DATA AND DISCUSSIONy Disaster in Japan and Indonesia
y Psychosocial Issues in Japan and Indonesia
y Psychosocial Support Program in Japan and Indonesia
y BestB Practices
P i fromfJapan
J; CopingC i Capacity,
Ci FFacilities
ili i & PProgram
Chapter 5 : CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONREFERENCES

THE PROBLEM

Background of the Studyy Both Japan and Indonesia are the disaster-prone countries.

SSeverall titimes bothb th Japan
J
andd Indonesia
I di hits
hit bby th
the greatt didisasterstsuch as earthquake, tsunami, and landslide.
y TheTh psychologicalh l i l andd social
i l effect
ff t off a didisastert iis hharderd tto seerather than the physical effect. The recovery from it often takes
far longer.
longery The effect of disasters can bring vary reactions to the people.
Helping people for facing the situation after disaster isimportant.
y This research is to investigate the psychosocial support programand the best practices related the disaster preparedness activities
in Japan that can promote the psychosocial well
well-being
being.

Statement of the Problem
To carryy out the ppurpose
p of the research,, the followingg researchquestions will be addressed :y What are the p
psychosocial
yissues after the disaster in JJapanp andIndonesia ?
y What kind of the p
psychosocial
ysupport
pp programs
p g
conducted inJapan and Indonesia ?
y What is the value or copingp g capacityp y of JJapanesepppeople
p that canhelp them to cope with the situation after disaster ?
y What is the good example of the disaster preparedness facility
and program that can promote the psychosocial well – being of
the communityy ?

Significance of the Studyy The research is to identify the psychosocial issues andpsychosocial support for the survivors after the disaster in
JJapanp and Indonesia.
y The research also to analyze how the disaster affect the livesof JJapanp and Indonesian ppeople,
p , especiallypy on thepsychosocial aspect.
y It will be a significant
gendeavor in promoting
pg awareness ofthe dangers and risks of the disaster and how to alert
ppeoplep react pproactivelyy in the case of disaster.

Scope and Limitation of The Studyy The scopep and limitation of this studyy is focused on psychosocialpyissues and psychosocial support program for the survivors of theGreat Hanshin Awaji Earthquake on 1995 and Earthquake andTsunami in West Ache in 2006.
y There will be a comparative study on psychosocial support
program in Indonesia and Japan.
y This research also to ggather the best ppractices related disaster
preparedness activities in Japan and its contribution to thepsychosocial well-being of the community.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Psychosocial refers to the close connection between psychologicalaspects of human experience and the wider social experience.

PSYCHOSOCIAL SUPPORT PROGRAM
is a process of facilitating individuals, families, and community tobbounce
backb k fromftheth impact
it off disasters
di t or crises
i andd helping
h l i themhto deal with the situation in the future (International Federation ReferenceCenter for Psychosocial Support
Support, 2009)2009).
It is preventive when it decreases the risk of developing mental healthproblems.
It is curative when psychosocial Support program helps individuals andyproblems
pthat mayy
communities to overcome and deal with ppsychosocial
have arisen from the shock and effects of crises.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Data Gathering Procedurey Visit and observation in the visited places and institution related

disasterdit management,t psychosocial
hi l iissues
y Attend in the Activities related Disaster Management Issues.
y Conduct interview ; Researcher conducted an interview to acertain number of people to get information related the situation
afterf GreatG
Hanshin-Awaji
H hi A ji andd T
Tsunamii AAceh,h theh psychosocial
hilsupport program, and the disaster preparedness activities.
y Literatures
LiSStudyd /DDocuments analysis
l i ;RReview
i relatedl d liliterature
on psychosocial impacts of the disaster.

INTERPRETATION OF DATA& DISCUSSIONDISASTER IN JAPANJapan is located in the Circum-Pacific Mobile Belt, the number of earthquakes
and active volcanoes is quite high,high and because of geographical,
geographical topographicaland meteorological conditions, the country is subject to frequent naturaldisasters such as typhoons, torrential rains and heavy snowfalls, as well asearthquakes and tsunami.

DISASTER IN INDONESIA

Indonesia ranks 12th amongg the most vulnerable countries witnessingg highg mortalityyrisk from multiple hazards (UNISDR, 2009). According to DIBI BNPB, floods followed
by strong winds, landslides and droughts killed the largest number of persons inp lost their lives between 2005
Indonesia between 1815 and 2015. Some 189,711 ppeople
and 2015 in Indonesia due to natural disasters.

THE DISASTER EFFECTS
According to Wolfe (2000), the common reactions of disastersurvivors
ias follow
f ll :

PSYCHOSOCIAL ISSUES IN JAPANAGE GROUPCHILDREN

THE ISSUES
 lost a family member
member, relatives
relatives, or schoolmatesschoolmates.
 stay in the shelter and then in temporary housing.
 schools in the affected areas were closed
Lack of appetite, overeating, frequent constipation or diarrhea, frequent bedwetting, unwillingness to go to the toilet alone, inability to sleep alone, frequentcryingy g duringg the night,g , etc

ADULT &ELDERLY the long time damaged infrastructure experienced severe shock due to the powerful earthquake, lossl off ffamily
l membersb andd assets, having to move to and live in evacuation centers and temporary housing units.
 loss meaning and loss various relationshipAll of these severe changes created major stress and let to mental andphysical illness, trouble falling asleep, thought of frightening, feeling hopeless,temper outbursts
outbursts, etc.
etc

PSYCHOSOCIAL ISSUES IN INDONESIAAGE GROUPCHILDREN

THE ISSUES loosing and displacing family, staying in the shelter or tents for months,
 lack of social support
pp
most of the post traumatic distress syndrom is related with school
pproblems, fear, emotional pproblem, externalizingg behaviors andwithdrawal.

ADULT &ELDERLY confuse about how to restore the economy condition
 start up and plan for future, children’s education,
 asset damage, restore lifel f to a betterbconditiondbeforeb f theh disasterd how to save a life
Th adultThed lt survivors
ilostl t theirth i spirit,
i it gott iinsomnia,
i didizzy mind,
i d llostt appetite,
titstrong heartbeat and having a nightmare

PSYCHOSOCIAL SUPPORT PROGRAM
IN JAPAN• Program conducted by multig,stakeholders. The government,
NGO / INGO, volunteer andprivate sector• Program conducted with various
activities
i ii

Psychosocial Support Program for Adultand Elderly in Japany “Ikiiki (lively life) Workshop” & “Phoenix Relay Market”

Designed to gain knowledge and create friendships among the survivor
y Counseling AccessCounseling toll-free number for refugee outside of the prefecture.
y Story Telling
y Established A “Fureai” (Social) Centre And Community Plaza ;Th function
Thef ti isi as a community
it centerty Art (Song & Music)y Religious Activity ; church based activityy Home VisitPsychosocial Support for Childrenin Japany Sing Together”I tried to comfort people by playing the guitar which I played since I was 17”(Documentation of DRI Museum – Great Hanshin
Hanshin-Awaji)
Awaji)y Art Activities
Children can express their feeling by making a creative work

PSYCHOSOCIAL SUPPORT PROGRAM
IN INDONESIA• Program conducted by multistakeholders. The government,NGO / INGO, volunteer andprivate
isector• Program conducted with various
activities

Psychosocial Support Program for Adultandd Elderly
Eld l ini Indonesia
I diy PsychoeducationalP h d til andd Relaxation
R l tiAim of the activity is to provide adequate information to the survivor for
managing their feeling after the disaster.
y Mobile Clinic Counselingg throughg share the storyy and theirThe survivors can release their feelings
emotional conditiono Supporting Traditional Dancing Group
Culture and tradition is the closest part of the people daily living. Thiskind of activity can help the survivor to connect with others.
o Sharing Group Activity
Sharing group activity was an effective way to decrease psychosocial
pproblem and return people
p p self confidence.

Psychosocial Support for Children
in Indonesiay Art Activity ; Drawing and Painting

Through painting, children can express emotions which are too difficult to express verbally, andother people can see what they are feeling.

y Drama Performance

Drama performance is an effective way to help children develop
their abilities to cooperate,
pto express
pthemselves freelyy and tobuild their confidence.
y Sport Activity
Children are full of energy. Sport activity can improve children’sability to express themselves.
y Storytelling
Both listening and telling stories can be useful in helping
childrenhild tto lilisten
t tto otherth people,
l llearn tto show
h empathy,
th andd
respect. Stories can be used to explore moral values and ways ofdealing with problems.

y Play and Learn

Play has proved singularly effective in helping the children
recover from the shock and upheaval and regain a sense ofnormality.

Psychosocial
ysupport
pp established to assist
affected people to attain stable life andintegrated functioning
functioning.
It can helpp the pperson affected byy the disasterto restore hope, dignity, mental and social
well-being
wellbeing and a sense of normality.
normality

BEST PRACTICE FROM JAPANCOPING CAPACITY OF JAPANESE PEOPLE
y Acceptance

One of the coping mechanism of Japan’s society is being patient. They are
not accustomed to express their feeling to others, not to express grief oranger, but to endure, tolerate and to move on, quietly supporting one
another.
y Spirit of Buddhism Philosophy ;“Human life might be said to be nothing more than a speck of dust in the air”
y Putting the experience as a good lesson to live
“We experienced once, and the experience has to make us survive and stronger evenfor the next disaster”
y Protect
P t tO
Our PlPlace bby O
Ourselvesl
To be more active and have a strong will to overcome disaster

THE FACILITIES AND PROGRAMS
Institution for Mental Health Care ;HITS (H(Hyogo Institute
I iffor T
Traumatici SStress)) Learn from Great Hanshin Awaji EQ
EQ, Japan established HITS (Hyogo

Istitute for Traumatic Stress) in April 2004.
 Aim to utilize the lesson of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in 1995.
 HITS is the first base facility for emotional care in Japan.
 HITS established for those who suffer from (psychological trauma) or
PTSD (post-traumatic(post traumatic stress disorder) as a result of disasters or accidentsaccidents.
 The function of HITS is to carry out research, training, information
sharing, promotional activities, counseling, and consultations,
i alsoitl works
k on hhuman resources ddevelopmentlbbasedd on theh principlei i l off“Human Care.”Museum & Learning Center Museum and learning center can provide information

and appropriate education to the community.
 Through visiting the museum, people can understandthe destructive force from the disaster.
 At the same time, there is a lot to learn from pastexperiences
itot build
b ild theth mentalt l preparedness
doff ththesociety against future disasters.

The Great Hanshin-Awaji
j Earthquakeq
Memorial(Disaster Reduction and Human Renovation
Institution)) The DRI,DRI established in Hyogo Prefecture in April 2002
 The mission is to mold a culture of disaster awareness,enhance local capacity for disaster management,
management support
the development of disaster management policies, andcontribute to creating civic collaboration on safety andsecurity as well as a society with reduced disaster-relatedrisks.

The Osaka City Abeno Life Safety Learning Centery was established to provide the lessons from the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquakeqand Great East Earthquake
qy Osaka City Abeno Life Safety Learning Center give experienced
to the community through practical in the disaster training area.
y AimAi to promote theh preparationi ffor theh many more earthquakes
h kthat have been predicted in Kansai.
y People can realistically experience the terrifying shaking anddestruction first-hand.
y People can also learn and practice what to do after theearthquake,h k bothb h indoors
dandd on theh streets, including
l d howh to putout fires, evacuate, rescue others, and a series of anothernecessaryy disaster preparedness
p ptrainingg activities.

Nara Cityy Disaster ManagementgCentery Was built in August 1995
1995, 7 months after Great HanshinHanshin

Awaji Earthquake.
y The aim is to promote disaster preparedness for thecommunity, even Nara does not affect by Great-Hanshin
Awaji Earthquake
Earthquake.

CONCLUSION& RECOMMENDATIONCONCLUSIONSy Psychosocial support program in Japan and Indonesia held by

every party in society; community, government and privatesectors.
y Psychosocial support program considers culture and people’s
habitual actions, potency in the disaster area and done based on
people’sl ’ needd andd condition.
ditiy Treating survivors as a subject, not an object is important, treatingthemh as a subjectbj ini theh recovery process afterf disaster
dican makek
them stronger
y GettingG i appropriate
i knowledge,kl d experience,
iandd information
i fi
related the disaster can give contribution for the psychosocial
condition of the individualRECOMMENDATIONSy Many people may not seek help at mental health facilities, mental

hhealthlth andd psychosocial
hi l supportt should
h ld beb conductedd t dwith various and interesting activities.
y Psychosocial support using group activity help people tostrengthen the social ties. Working with existing programmes
whenever ppossible. It will more effective in the recoveryy pprocess.
y It is better for similar future research to do through in-depth
interview regarding psychology and social impact after a disasterto the survivor. Subjects of the interview can be segregated basedon their age: children, teenagers, adults, and senior citizens sothat researcher can get more comprehensive data.
data

ARIGATO GOZAIMASUGOZAIMASU…