TEMPORARY AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE SWISS CONFEDERATION
AND THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERNIRELAND ON SERVICES MOBILITYThe Swiss Confederation (“Switzerland”), and the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland (“the United Kingdom”), together referred to as “the Parties”;
Recognising that the Agreement between the European Community and its Member
States, of the one part, and the Swiss Confederation, of the other, on the freemovement of persons (“the FMOPA”) ceases to apply between Switzerland and theUnited Kingdom as a consequence of the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from theEuropean Union;
Desiring to uphold the rights and obligations between them as regards the movementof natural persons for the purpose of supplying a service, to the extent possible;
Desiring to facilitate the recognition of professional qualifications in addition toexisting rules;
Reaffirming the common intent to continue working on the development of therecognition of professional qualifications with a future comprehensive agreement or
arrangement in mind and their commitment to pursue this intent within the current
working group on recognition of professional qualifications;Reaffirming the rights and obligations of the Parties under the Marrakesh Agreement
establishing the World Trade Organisation (“the WTO Agreement”) and the General
Agreement on Trade in Services (“the GATS”), the Agreement between the Swiss
Confederation and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on
Citizens’ Rights following the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European
Union and the Free Movement of Persons Agreement, done at Berne on 25 February
2019 (“the CRA”) and the Trade Agreement between the Swiss Confederation andthe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, done at Berne on 11
February 2019 (“the Trade Agreement”); andReaffirming the Parties’ obligation under Article 8 of the Trade Agreement to enter
exploratory discussions with the aim of replacing, modernising or developing theTrade Agreement considering, inter alia, additional areas such as trade in services.
Have decided, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the following Agreement (“thisAgreement”):

CHAPTER 1
GENERAL PROVISIONSARTICLE 1
Objectives
1.
The objective of this Agreement is to mitigate for a limited period of time, theimpact for businesses and professionals of Switzerland and the United Kingdom
regarding the movement of natural persons as service suppliers after the FMOPA
ceases to apply between the Parties.
2.

This Agreement also has the objective of:(a)confirming the Parties’ intention to provide further certainty and clarity
to qualified professionals covered by this Agreement; and(b)confirming the Parties’ commitment to ongoing joint work towards acomprehensive agreement or arrangement for the recognition of
professional qualifications.
ARTICLE 2
Territorial scope

The provisions of this Agreement shall apply, on the one hand, to the United
Kingdom and Gibraltar and, on the other hand, to Switzerland.
ARTICLE 3
Relationship to other international agreements
1.
The Parties confirm their rights and obligations under the WTO Agreement
and the other agreements negotiated thereunder, the CRA and the Trade Agreement,
and any other relevant international agreement to which they are a party.
2.
This Agreement is concluded to complement the rights and obligations of theParties in regard to natural persons supplying services under the CRA and does notengage paragraph 3 of Article 23 of the CRA.

ARTICLE 4
Fulfilment of obligations
1.
Each Party shall take any general or specific measures required to fulfil its
obligations under this Agreement.
2.
Each Party shall ensure the observance of all obligations and commitments
under this Agreement by its respective central, regional and local governments andauthorities, and by non-governmental bodies in the exercise of governmental powers
delegated to them by central, regional and local governments or authorities.
ARTICLE 5
Transparency
1.
Each Party shall publish, or otherwise make publicly available, their laws,
regulations, judicial decisions, administrative rulings of general application as wellas their respective international agreements, that may affect the operation of thisAgreement.
2.
Each Party shall promptly respond to specific questions from the other Party
and provide, upon request, information to each other on matters referred to inparagraph 1.
3.
Nothing in this Agreement shall require any Party to disclose confidential
information, the disclosure of which would impede law enforcement, or otherwise
be contrary to the public interest, or which would prejudice the legitimate
commercial interests of any economic operator.
4.
In case of any inconsistency between this Article and Article 11, the latter shallprevail to the extent of the inconsistency.
ARTICLE 6
Consultations
1.
The Parties shall at all times endeavour to agree on the interpretation andapplication of this Agreement, and shall make every attempt through cooperationand consultations to reach a mutually satisfactory solution of any matter raised.
2.
A Party may request in writing consultations with the other Party if it considers
that a measure is inconsistent with this Agreement. The request shall set out thereasons for the request, including identification of the measure at issue and the legal
basis for the complaint. The Party to which the request is made shall reply within tendays of the date of receipt of the request.

3.

In the consultations, each Party shall:(a)provide sufficient factual information to enable a full examination of
how the matter subject to consultations might affect the operation andapplication of this Agreement;(b)treat any confidential or proprietary information exchanged in the courseof consultations on the same basis as the Party providing thisinformation; and(c)endeavour to ensure the participation of personnel of their competent
governmental authorities or other regulatory bodies who have
responsibility for, or expertise in, the matter subject to the consultations.

4.
Either Party may request that the other Party make available the personnel of
its competent governmental authorities or other regulatory bodies who have
responsibility for, or expertise in, the matter subject to the consultations.
5.
Consultations may be held in person or by any technological means available
to the Parties. If the consultations are held in person, they shall be held in the capitalof the responding Party, unless the Parties agree otherwise.
6.
Consultations and, in particular, positions taken by the Parties duringconsultations, shall remain confidential.
7.
The Parties shall be bound by the terms of any agreement they reach inresolving the complaint in accordance with this Article. Each Party shall take themeasures necessary to implement the agreement.
ARTICLE 7
General exceptions
For the purposes of this Agreement, subparagraphs (a), (b) and (c) of Article XIV of
the GATS apply and are hereby incorporated into and made part of this Agreement,
mutatis mutandis.
ARTICLE 8
Security Exceptions
For the purposes of this Agreement, paragraph 1 of Article XIV bis of the GATS
applies and is hereby incorporated into and made part of this Agreement, mutatis
mutandis.

CHAPTER 2
MOVEMENT OF NATURAL PERSONS FOR THE PURPOSE OF
SUPPLYING A SERVICE
ARTICLE 9
Objective, scope and general provisions
1.
This Chapter reflects the strong trade relationship between the Parties as wellas the desire of the Parties to continue facilitating the entry and temporary stay ofnatural persons for the purpose of supplying a service, and to ensure transparency ofthe process.
2.
This Chapter applies to measures of a Party affecting entry and temporary stayinto that Party by service suppliers of the other Party.
3.

This Chapter does not apply to measures:(a)affecting natural persons seeking access to the employment market of theother Party; or(b)regarding nationality or citizenship, residence or employment on apermanent basis.

4.
To the extent that commitments are not undertaken in this Chapter, allrequirements provided for in the laws and regulations of a Party regarding the entry
and temporary stay shall continue to apply, including laws and regulations
concerning the length of stay.
5.
Notwithstanding the provisions of this Chapter, all requirements provided forin the laws and regulations of a Party regarding social security and work measures
shall continue to apply, including salary conditions, and laws and regulations
concerning minimum wages and collective wage agreements1.
6.
This Chapter shall not prevent a Party from applying measures to regulate theentry of natural persons into, or their temporary stay in, its territory, including thosemeasures necessary to protect the integrity of, and to ensure the orderly movementof natural persons across, its borders, provided that such measures are not applied insuch a manner as to nullify or impair the benefits accruing to the other Party under
the terms of this Chapter.2

1

For Switzerland, work measures refer to measures prevailing in the sector and the place of activity
provided by laws, regulations and collective agreements (with respect to remuneration, working
hours, etc.).
2
The sole fact of requiring a visa for natural persons of a certain country, and not for those ofothers, shall not in itself be regarded as nullifying or impairing benefits accrued under this Chapter.

7.
Each Party shall apply its measures relating to the provisions of this Chapter
consistently with the desire of the Parties set out in paragraph 1, and, in particular,
shall apply those measures so as to avoid unduly impairing or delaying trade under
this Agreement.
ARTICLE 10
Definitions
For the purposes of this Chapter and Annexes 1 and 2:(a)“establishment” means the setting up or the acquisition of a juridical
person, including through capital participation, or the creation of abranch or representative office, in Switzerland or in the United Kingdom
respectively, with a view to establishing or maintaining lasting economic
links;(b)“juridical person” means any legal entity duly constituted or otherwiseorganised under the applicable law of a Party, whether for profit orotherwise, and whether privately-owned or governmentally-owned,
including any corporation, trust, partnership, joint venture, sole
proprietorship or association;(c)“service supplier” means a service supplier of Switzerland or a service
supplier of the United Kingdom, as applicable, as defined in Annex 1
and Annex 2 respectively.
ARTICLE 11
Transparency

1.
A Party shall make publicly available information relating to the entry,
temporary stay and other immigration requirements related to the supply of a service
by service suppliers of the other Party and keep such information updated.
2.
The information referred to in paragraph 1 shall include, where applicable, thefollowing information:(a)categories of visa, work permits or any similar type of authorisation
regarding the entry, temporary stay and work of natural persons coveredby this Chapter;(b)

documentation required and conditions to be met;(c)method of filing an application;

(d)application fees and an indicative timeframe of the processing of an
application;(e)the maximum length of stay under each type of authorisation describedin subparagraph (a);(f)

conditions for any available extension or renewal;(g)rules regarding accompanying dependents;(h)available review or appeal procedures; and(i)relevant laws of general application pertaining to the entry of service
suppliers.

3.
With respect to the information referred to in paragraph 1, each Party shallprovide the other Party with details of relevant publications or websites where
information is made available and shall endeavour to inform the other Party of any
changes in requirements and procedures where such changes would affect theenjoyment by service suppliers of the benefits of this chapter.
ARTICLE 12
Access for service suppliers
1.
Switzerland shall grant entry and temporary stay to service suppliers of theUnited Kingdom in accordance with Annex 1.
2.
The United Kingdom shall grant entry to service suppliers of Switzerland inaccordance with Annex 2.
3.
Unless otherwise specified in Annex 2, the United Kingdom shall not adopt ormaintain limitations on the total number of service suppliers of Switzerland granted
entry, in the form of numerical quotas or the requirement of an economic needs test.
4.
For the United Kingdom, commitments on the entry of natural persons forbusiness purposes do not apply in cases where the intent or effect of the entry is tointerfere with or otherwise affect the outcome of any labour or management disputeor negotiation, or the employment of any natural person who is involved in such a
dispute or negotiation.

ARTICLE 13
Contact points
Each Party shall designate a contact point for the effective implementation andoperation of this Chapter and inform the other Party of the relevant contact details.
The Parties shall promptly inform each other of any change of those contact details.

CHAPTER 3
RECOGNITION OF PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS FOR
PROFESSIONAL SERVICE PROVIDERS
ARTICLE 14
Definitions
For the purposes of this Chapter:(a)“professional activity” means an activity which forms part of a regulated
profession;(b)“regulated profession” means an economic activity, the practice of
which, including the use of a title or designation, is subject to thepossession of specific professional qualifications by virtue of a measure;(c)“relevant authority” means an authority or body, designated pursuant toa measure to recognise qualifications and authorise the practice of aprofession in a jurisdiction; and(d)“professional service provider” means a national of a Party whose
professional qualifications were obtained in the jurisdiction of that Party.
ARTICLE 15
Rules of recognition of professional qualifications ofprofessional service providers

The Parties reaffirm that:(a)the relevant authorities are bound by the law applicable to the relevant
authority in recognising professional qualifications; and(b)relevant authorities may conclude arrangements providing for morefavourable rules for the recognition of professional qualifications, or may
unilaterally define or continue to apply, more favourable rules for
professional service providers.
ARTICLE 16
Working group on recognition of professional qualifications

1.
In order to support the work of the relevant authorities, where appropriate, theParties shall, in accordance with Article 15, continue work within a working groupon recognition of professional qualifications, which shall be established by theParties. In order to ensure the long-term further development of the recognition of
professional qualifications in general, this group shall also pursue discussions aiming
at negotiating a comprehensive agreement or arrangement between the Parties forthe recognition of professional qualifications. The working group shall meet atregular intervals at mutually agreed times.
2.
The Parties may agree that any agreement or arrangement referred to inparagraph 1 shall supersede this Chapter.

CHAPTER 4
FINAL PROVISIONSARTICLE 17
Annexes
The Annexes to this Agreement shall form an integral part thereof.
ARTICLE 18
Amendments
The Parties may agree, in writing, to amend this Agreement. Amendments shall enter
into force on the first day of the second month following the later of the Parties’
notifications that they have completed their respective internal procedures, or onsuch other date as the Parties may agree.

ARTICLE 19
Entry into force, provisional application and duration
1.
The Parties shall ratify or approve this Agreement in accordance with theirdomestic procedures. Each Party shall notify the other Party of the completion of
those procedures.
2.
This Agreement shall enter into force when the FMOPA ceases to apply to theUnited Kingdom, provided that the Parties have notified each other pursuant toparagraph 1 by that date. Otherwise, this Agreement shall enter into force on the firstday of the second month following the later of the Parties’ notifications pursuant toparagraph 1.
3.
Pending entry into force of this Agreement, the Parties may, in accordance with
their respective internal requirements and procedures, provisionally apply thisAgreement. A Party intending to provisionally apply this Agreement shall notify theother Party of the completion of its internal requirements and procedures in thisregard. Such provisional application shall take effect on the later of:(a)the date on which the FMOPA ceases to apply to the United Kingdom;
and

(b)

the date of the later of the Parties’ notification of the completion of its
internal requirements and procedures for provisional application.

4.
A Party may terminate the provisional application of this Agreement by written
notice to the other Party. Such termination shall take effect on the first day of thesecond month following that notification. Where this Agreement is provisionallyapplied, the term “entry into force of this Agreement” shall be deemed to refer to thedate on which such provisional application takes effect.
5.
A Party may terminate this Agreement by notification to the other Party of its
intention to do so. It shall cease to be in force six months after receipt of that
notification.
6.
This Agreement shall end two years from its entry into force, unless the Parties
agree otherwise.

In witness whereof the undersigned, duly authorised thereto by their respective
Governments, have signed this Agreement.
Done at London on this fourteenth day of December 2020 in two originals in the
English language.

For the Government of the Swiss
Confederation:

For the Government of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain andNorthern Ireland:ANNEX 1
REFERRED TO IN PARAGRAPH 1 OF ARTICLE 12
ACCESS FOR SERVICE SUPPLIERS OF THE UNITED KINGDOMARTICLE 1
For the purpose of this Annex, “service supplier of the United Kingdom” means:(a)a national of the United Kingdom who is established in the territory of
the United Kingdom and seeks to provide a service in the territory of
Switzerland; and(b)an employee, irrespective of his or her nationality, who is integrated into
the regular labour market of the United Kingdom and is posted for theprovision of a service in the territory of Switzerland by his or her
employer established in the United Kingdom.
ARTICLE 2

1.
Without prejudice to other specific agreements between the Parties specificallyconcerning the provision of services, service suppliers of the United Kingdom shallhave the right to provide a service in Switzerland for a period not exceeding 90 daysof actual work in a calendar year.
2.
With regard to the provision of services according to paragraph 1, Switzerland
shall not restrict the right of entry and temporary stay for service suppliers of theUnited Kingdom.
ARTICLE 3
The provisions of Article 2 of this Annex shall apply to juridical persons formed inaccordance with the law of the United Kingdom and having their registered office,central administration or principal place of business in the United Kingdom.
ARTICLE 4
1.
Service suppliers of the United Kingdom referred to in Article 2 of this Annex
who have the right to provide a service shall not require a short stay permit.
2.
Switzerland may require service suppliers of the United Kingdom referred toin Article 2 of this Annex to announce their presence in its territory as foreseen by
the respective Swiss national laws and regulations.

ARTICLE 5
1.
The provision of services under paragraph 1 of Article 2 of this Annex can becontinuous or consist of successive periods of provision.
2.
The maximum duration of 90 days according to paragraph 1 of Article 2 of thisAnnex shall be without prejudice to the discharge by the person providing a serviceof his or her legal obligations under the guarantee given to the person receiving theservice or to cases of force majeure.
ARTICLE 6
1.
The provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 2 of this Annex shall not apply toactivities involving, even on an occasional basis, the exercise of public authority in
Switzerland.
2.
Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 2 of this Annex, allrequirements provided for in the laws and regulations of Switzerland regarding social
security and work measures shall continue to apply, including salary conditions, andlaws and regulations concerning minimum wages and collective wage agreements.
These requirements will be controlled and enforced by the competent authorities.
Work measures refer to measures prevailing in the sector and the place of activity
provided by laws, regulations and collective agreements (with respect toremuneration, working hours, etc.).
3.
The provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 2 of this Annex shall be without
prejudice to the applicability of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions
prevailing in Switzerland at the time of this Agreement's entry into force in respectof:(a)the activities of agencies for placement and supply services of personnel;(b)financial services where provision is subject to prior authorisation in
Switzerland and the provider to prudential supervision by Swissauthorities.

4.
The provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 2 of this Annex shall be without
prejudice to the applicability of the Swiss laws, regulations and administrative
provisions concerning the provision of services of 90 days of actual work or lessrequired by imperative requirements in the public interest, or concerning public
security and order in relation to individual service suppliers.

ANNEX 2
REFERRED TO IN PARAGRAPH 2 OF ARTICLE 12
ACCESS FOR SERVICE SUPPLIERS OF SWITZERLAND
1.
The United Kingdom shall allow the supply of services in its territory bycontractual service suppliers or independent professionals of Switzerland through thepresence of natural persons in accordance with Article 12 of the Agreement for thesectors listed in this Schedule, subject to the relevant limitations listed in paragraph
15 of this Annex.
2.

For the purposes of this Annex:(a)“contractual service supplier” means a natural person employed by ajuridical person of Switzerland that:(i)is itself not an agency for placement and supply services of
personnel and is not acting through such an agency;(ii)

has not established in the territory of the United Kingdom; and(iii) has concluded a bona fide contract to supply a service to a final
consumer of the United Kingdom, requiring the presence on atemporary basis of its employees in the territory of the United
Kingdom in order to fulfil the contract to supply the service inquestion;1(b)“independent professionals” means natural persons who:(i)are engaged in the supply of a service and established as selfemployed in the territory of Switzerland;(ii)

have not established in the territory of the United Kingdom; and(iii) have concluded a bona fide contract (other than through an agency
for placement and supply services of personnel) to supply a service
to a final consumer in the United Kingdom, requiring the presence
on a temporary basis in the territory of the United Kingdom inorder to fulfil the contract to supply the service in question;2(c)1“juridical person of Switzerland” means a juridical person that carries
out substantial business activities in the territory of Switzerland, theconcept of “substantial business activities in the territory of Switzerland”

The contract to supply services referred to in subparagraph (a)(iii) shall comply with therequirements of the laws and regulations that apply in the place where the contract is executed.
2
The contract to supply services referred to in subparagraph (b)(iii) shall comply with therequirements of the laws and regulations that apply in the place where the contract is executed.

requiring that the juridical person has a genuine link to the economy of
Switzerland;(d)“natural person of Switzerland” means a national of Switzerland or apermanent resident of Switzerland, in accordance with its applicablelaws and regulations; and(e)“service supplier of Switzerland” means a natural person of Switzerland
who is a contractual service supplier or an independent professional.

3.
The list of reservations in paragraph 15 of this Annex is composed of thefollowing elements:(a)the first column indicating the sector or sub-sector for which the categoryof contractual service suppliers and independent professionals areliberalised; and(b)the second column describing the applicable limitations.

4.
In addition to the list of reservations in this Schedule, the United Kingdom may
adopt or maintain a measure relating to qualification requirements, qualification
procedures, technical standards, licensing requirements or licensing procedures that
does not constitute a limitation within the meaning of Article 12 of the Agreement.
Those measures, which include requirements to obtain a licence, to obtainrecognition of qualifications in regulated sectors or to pass specific examinations,even if not listed in this Schedule, apply in any case to contractual service suppliers
or independent professionals of Switzerland.
5.
The United Kingdom does not undertake any commitment for contractual
service suppliers and independent professionals in economic activities which are notlisted.
6.
Commitments for contractual service suppliers and independent professionals
do not apply in cases where the intent or effect of their temporary presence is tointerfere with, or otherwise affect the outcome of, any labour or management disputeor negotiation.
7.
Measures implementing the United Kingdom’s commitments under paragraph1 shall not require service suppliers of Switzerland to meet English language
requirements as a condition of temporary entry.
8.

The following abbreviations are used in the list below:

CSS Contractual service suppliers
IP Independent professionals

Contractual service suppliers
9.
Subject to the conditions in paragraphs 10 and 11 and the list of reservations
in paragraph 15 of this Annex, the United Kingdom makes commitments inaccordance with Article 12 of the Agreement with respect to the category ofcontractual service suppliers in the following sectors or sub-sectors:(a)legal advisory services in respect of public international law and foreign
law;

(b)

accounting and auditing services and bookkeeping services;(c)taxation advisory services;(d)architectural services and urban planning and landscape architectural
services;(e)engineering services and integrated engineering services;(f)computer and related services;(g)

research and development services;(h)advertising services;(i)market research and opinion polling services;(j)management consulting services;(k)services related to management consulting;(l)technical testing and analysis services;(m) related scientific and technical consulting services;(n)mining;(o)maintenance and repair of vessels;(p)maintenance and repair of rail transport equipment;(q)maintenance and repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles, snowmobiles
and road transport equipment;(r)maintenance and repair of aircrafts and parts thereof;

(s)maintenance and repair of metal products, of (non-office) machinery, of(non-transport and non-office) equipment and of personal and household
goods;(t)translation and interpretation services;(u)telecommunication services;(v)

postal and courier services;(w) site investigation work;(x)

environmental services;(y)insurance and insurance related services advisory and consulting
services;(z)other financial services advisory and consulting services;(aa) transport advisory and consulting services;(bb) travel agencies and tour operators services;(cc) tourist guides services; and(dd) manufacturing advisory and consulting services.
10.

The contractual service suppliers shall comply with the following conditions:(a)the natural persons are engaged in the supply of a service on a temporary
basis as employees of a juridical person which has obtained a service
contract not exceeding 12 months;(b)

the natural persons entering the United Kingdom have been offering suchservices as employees of the juridical person supplying the services forat least the year immediately preceding the date of the submission of an
application for entry into the United Kingdom and possess, at the date ofsubmission of an application for entry into the United Kingdom at least
three years’ professional experience3 in the sector of activity which is the
subject of the contract;(c)

the natural persons entering the United Kingdom shall possess:(i)3

a university degree or a qualification demonstrating knowledge ofan equivalent level;4 andProfessional experience shall be obtained after having reached the age of majority.
Where the degree or qualification has not been obtained in the United Kingdom, the United
Kingdom may evaluate whether this is equivalent to a university degree required in its territory.
4

(ii)

the professional qualification to exercise an activity where this isrequired pursuant to the laws, regulations or legal requirements of
the United Kingdom;(d)the natural person does not receive remuneration for the provision ofservices in the territory of the United Kingdom other than the
remuneration paid by the enterprise employing the natural person;(e)the access accorded relates only to the service activity which is the
subject of the contract and does not confer entitlement to exercise theprofessional title of the United Kingdom where the service is provided;
and

(f)

the number of persons covered by the service contract shall not be larger
than necessary to fulfil the contract, as it may be requested by the laws,
regulations or other legal requirements of the United Kingdom.

11. The permissible length of stay of contractual service suppliers is for a
cumulative period of not more than 12 months in any 24 month period or for theduration of the contract, whichever is less.
Independent professionals
12. Subject to the conditions in paragraphs 13 and 14 and the list of reservations
in paragraph 15, the United Kingdom makes commitments in accordance with
Article 12 of the Agreement with respect to the category of independent
professionals in the following sectors or sub-sectors:(a)legal advisory services in respect of public international law and foreign
law;

(b)

architectural services and urban planning and landscape architectural
services;(c)engineering services and integrated engineering services;(d)computer and related services;(e)research and development services;(f)market research and opinion polling services;(g)management consulting services;(h)services related to management consulting;(i)mining;(j)translation and interpretation services;(k)telecommunication services;(l)postal and courier services;(m) insurance related services advisory and consulting services;

13.

(n)

other financial services advisory and consulting services;(o)transport advisory and consulting services; and(p)manufacturing advisory and consulting services.

The independent professionals shall comply with the following conditions:(a)the natural persons are engaged in the supply of a service on a temporary
basis as self-employed persons established in Switzerland and haveobtained a service contract for a period not exceeding 12 months;(b)

the natural persons entering the United Kingdom possess, at the date ofsubmission of an application for entry into the United Kingdom at leastsix years’ professional experience in the sector of activity which is the
subject of the contract.

(c)

the natural persons entering the United Kingdom possess:

(d)

(i)

a university degree or a qualification demonstrating knowledge ofan equivalent level;5 and(ii)

the professional qualifications to exercise an activity where this isrequired pursuant to the law, regulations or other legal
requirements of the United Kingdom; andthe access accorded relates only to the service activity which is the
subject of the contract and does not confer entitlement to exercise theprofessional title of the United Kingdom.

14. The permissible length of stay of independent professionals is for a cumulative
period of not more than 12 months in any 24 month period or for the duration of thecontract, whichever is less.
15.
1:
5

The United Kingdom lists the following reservations referred to in paragraph

Where the degree or qualification has not been obtained in the United Kingdom, the United
Kingdom may evaluate whether this is equivalent to a university degree required in its territory.

Sector or sub-sector6
Description of reservations
Legal advisory services in respect of public CSS: None.
international law and foreign law (part of CPC
861)
IP: None.
Accounting and auditing services andbookkeeping services(CPC 86211, 86212, 86213, 86219 and86220)
Taxation advisory services (CPC 863)7
Architectural services and Urban planningand landscape architectural services (CPC
8671 and 8674)
Engineering services and Integrated
engineering services (CPC 8672 and 8673)

CSS: None.
IP: Unbound.
CSS: None.
IP: Unbound.
CSS: None.
IP: None.
CSS: None.
IP: None.

Computer and related services (CPC 84)

CSS: None.

IP: None.
Research and development services (CPC 851, CSS: None.
852 excluding psychologists services,8 and853)
IP: None.
Advertising services (CPC 871)
CSS: None.
IP: Unbound.
Market research and opinion polling services CSS: None.
(CPC 864)
IP: None.
Management consulting services (CPC 865) CSS: None.
Services related to management consulting(CPC 866)
Technical testing and analysis
services (CPC 8676)

IP: None.
CSS: None.
IP: None.
CSS: None.
IP: Unbound.

6“CPC” means the Provisional Central Product Classification (Statistical Papers Series M No.
77, Department of International Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office of the United
Nations, New York, 1991).
7
Taxation advisory services does not include legal advisory and legal representational services ontax matters, which are under legal advisory services in respect of public international law andforeign law.
8
Part of CPC 85201, which is under medical and dental services.

Related scientific and technical consulting
services (CPC 8675)
Mining (CPC 883, advisory and consulting
services only)
Maintenance and repair of vessels (part of
CPC 8868)
Maintenance and repair of rail transport
equipment (part of CPC 8868)

CSS: None.
IP: Unbound.
CSS: None.
IP: None.
CSS: None.
IP: Unbound.
CSS: None.
IP: Unbound.
CSS: None.

Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles,
motorcycles, snowmobiles and road transport
equipment (CPC 6112, 6122, part of 8867 and IP: Unbound.
part of 8868)
Maintenance and repair of aircraft and parts CSS: None.
thereof (part of CPC 8868)
IP: Unbound.
Maintenance and repair of metal products, of CSS: None.
(non-office) machinery, of (non-transport andnon-office) equipment and of personal and
IP: Unbound.
9household goods (CPC 633, 7545, 8861,
8862, 8864, 8865 and 8866)Translation and interpretation services (CPC CSS: None.
87905, excluding official or certified
activities)
IP: None.
Telecommunication services (CPC 7544,
CSS: None.
advisory and consulting services only)
IP: None.
Postal and courier services (CPC 751,
CSS: None.
advisory and consulting services only)
IP: None.
Site investigation work (CPC 5111)
CSS: None.
IP: Unbound.
CSS: None.

Environmental services (CPC 9401, 9402,
9403, 9404, part of 94060, 9405, part of 9406
and 9409)
IP: Unbound.
Insurance and insurance related services
CSS: None.
(advisory and consulting services only)
IP: None.
Other financial services (advisory and
CSS: None.
consulting services only)
IP: None.
9

Maintenance and repair services of office machinery and equipment including computers(CPC 845) are under computer services.

Transport (CPC 71, 72, 73, and 74, advisory
and consulting services only)
Travel agencies and tour operators services(including tour managers10) (CPC 7471)
Tourist guides services (CPC 7472)
Manufacturing (CPC 884, and 885, advisory
and consulting services only)

CSS: None.
IP: None.
CSS: None.
IP: Unbound.
CSS: None.
IP: Unbound.
CSS: None.
IP: None.

10

Services suppliers whose function is to accompany a tour group of a minimum of ten natural
persons, without acting as guides in specific locations.