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Policing the Comintern Network in Asia:“The Lefranc Affair” and the British Security System*
OC>B6GJ Takeshi**

After World War I, the International Communism Movement, led by the Third International the Comintern' was one of the major threats to the British Empire. The
Comintern constructed a worldwide liaison network of comrades called the Comintern
Network to try to penetrate the “Western World.” In order to police this Comintern
Network, the British Empire constructed its own Security System consisting of theIntelligence Service the Political Intelligence Bureau or the Special Branch and thePassport Control System. This paper uses “the Lefranc Affair” as a case study todemonstrate how the British Security System policed the Comintern Network, particularly
in Asia. A French agent of the Comintern named Serge Lefranc, alias Joseph Ducroux, whoworked in Asia from ῍῔῎ῒ, was arrested in Singapore on ῍ June ῍῔῏῍. This paper describes
how the British Security System monitored his activities and took action against him, andsummarizes the structure of the British Security System by focusing on cooperation
between the Intelligence Service and the Passport Control System.
Keywords: British Empire, Comintern Network, Intelligence Service, passport control
system, Singapore, Serge Lefranc Joseph Ducrouxῑῌΐῌῒ῏'  ῌ' ()*+' ,-./01' 23
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e-mail : onimarucseas.kyoto-u.ac.jp303

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56 mn ῐ῏w ῏ |Office, London.
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Straits Settlements Police, Special Branch, Straits Settlements Police Political Intelligence Journal
SSPPIJ Centres des Archives d’Outre-mer, Aix-en-Provence.
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Andrew, Christopher. ῍῕῔ῒ. Her Majesty’s Secret Service: The Making of the British Intelligence
Community. New York: Viking Penguin Inc.
Ban Kah Choon. ῎ῌῌ῍. Absent History: The Untold Story of Special Branch Operations in Singapore
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Chan Lau Kit-ching. ῍῕῕῕. From Nothing to Nothing: The Chinese Communist Movement and Hong Kong
1921῎1936. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Duiker, William J. ῎ῌῌῌ. Ho Chi Minh. Sydney, Australia: Allen & Unwin.
Goscha, Christopher E. ῍῕῕῕. Thailand and the Southeast Asian Network of the Vietnamese Revolution,
1885῎1954. Richmond: Curzon Press.
,- .  /%01  23 4 ῎ῌῌ῏ 56 78῍῍9ῌ:ῌ;<7=># ?@A/%01 ῎ῌῌῐ  ῌBCDEFBGHIJ# 5K(LMNO
Litten, Frederick S. ῍῕῕ῐ. The Noulens Affair. The China Quarterly June. No. ῍῏῔: ῐ῕῎῎ῑ῍῎.
Mcknight, David. ῎ῌῌ῎. Espionage and the Roots of the Cold War: The Conspirational Heritage. London:Frank Cass.
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PQRS ῎ῌῌῐ TUV ῌWXDYZ[\῍῍]^_` ῍῕῏῍ abcDdef K
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Onraet, René. ῍῕ῐΐ. Singapore: A Police Background. London: Dorothy Crips & Co.
rs t ῍῕῔῏ u3HIJ7mn# v ῍ w xyz;{Yong, C. F. ῍῕῕ΐa. Law and Order: British Management of Malayan Communism During the Interwar
Years, ῍῕῍῕῎῍῕ῐ῎. In Empires, Imperialism and Southeast Asia, edited by Brook Barrington, pp.
῍῎ῒ῎῍ῐ῔. Clayton, Australia: Monash Asia Institute.
῍῍῍῍. ῍῕῕ΐb. The Origin of Malayan Communism. Singapore: South Seas Society.

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