Developments on the Implementationof CCS in Japan

Shigeo Murai
RITE
CCS Workshop 2007 in Tokyo
19th November 2007Japan①Image of CO2 Geological Storage
separation / capture

transport

injection
injection from
offshore platform

separation / capture
injection fromland based facility

pipelinetransport

pipelinetransport
large emission
sourceimpermeable layer

impermeable layer
CO2CO2

onshore aquifer
offshore aquifer
microscopic photoof aquifer rock:
CO2 will fill
the pore space②Nagaoka Project (FY2000～FY2007)
CO2 storage tank

CO2 injection pumpControl Room

Evaporator

Nagaoka

CO2 injection well③Nagaoka Pilot Test
[Pilot test overview][Well configuration]

CO2 injection period

Jul. 2003 to Jan. 2005

CO2 injected amountabout 10,400 t-CO2

Observation well 4
Logging

60 m

CO2 injection rate

20 to 40 t-CO2/day

CO2 source

purchased commercial CO2

Monitoring

well logging, crosswell seismic
tomography, microseismicity,formation water sampling, etc.

[CO2 monitoring by crosswellseismic tomography]

Observation well 3

120 m

Logging

Cross

Injection well 1
phyic tomogra
well seism[Outline of injection experiment ]CO2 storage tank

Injection wellObservation wellObservation well 2
40 m
LoggingEvaporator
Pump

Transporttanker lorry

Caｐ rock：about 140 m

Depth：about 1,100 m

Cap rock

Saline aquifer：
about 60 m
Saline aquifer

CO2

Injection layer ：about 12 m

CO2

Inclination ：１５°④

Engineering study of supposed site for CCS
offgas(return to steel-making process)distance 80kｍ
29 anomalous points

CO2

CO2
BFG Recovery plant(Blast furnace gas)steel works

Compressor
Injection well

Pipeline

Oil refinery hydrogen production
plant

Hydrogen(product)

distance 1.4kｍ（～Site A）

Technical gaps
①cost reduction②space③influence to existing business・production plan・environmental regulation
・warranty for long time
operation④high pressurized pipe line
⑤measure for safety⑥pre-evaluation⑦monitoring under sea bed

storage site A

storage site B
Compressor
Injection welloil refinery
power plant
exhaust gas

power plant

Offgas(return to chimney)

distance 11kｍ（～Site A）
2 anomalous points
distance 8kｍ（～Site B）
7 anomalous points⑤

Main Emission Sources and Reservoirs
Storage
Capacity(Bton-CO2)

TypeTotalA30

B116＜Source : RITE/ENAA, ‘Report on Development of Carbon
Dioxide Geological Storage’, 2006. (in Japanese) ＞

Structure146

5.2Bton-CO2

closure identified by seismic(not storage sites due toNot available depth and lithology limitations)

2.1Bton-CO2

CO2 Emissions
Total ：539 Mt-CO2/yr
Number of sources ：161
average ：3.3 Mt-CO2/yr/source
max ：24 Mt-CO2/yr/source

B-1

natural gas field

27.5Bton-CO2

Tohoku（Japan Sea side）〔Power 24〕

Seto Inland Sea
Northeastern
Kyushuaquifer with drillhole data

〔Power 34,Iron & Steel 41〕〔Power 11、Iron & Steel 22〕

86Chubu(Japan Sea side）〔Power 10〕

22Hokkaido

24〔Power 15
Iron & Steel 3〕

10Southern Tohoku
35 （Pacific side）

55
Northwestern
Kyushu〔Power 35〕〔Power 25〕

33

25
50
Osaka Bay

〔Power 31
Iron & Steel19〕

63
Ise Bay〔Power 49
Iron & Steel 11〕

106

Kanto
（Pacific side）〔Power 20
Iron & Steel 13〕

Tokyo Bay
〔Power 72
Iron & Steel 32〕〔Scale〕
200km⑥

Present Cost of CCS （coal fired power plant）
recovery amount:1Mt-CO2/yr、 distance:20km、pressure:7MPa
injection method：ERD、 injection amount ：0.1Mt-CO2/yr/well
Power loss for extraction steam
from low pressure turbine: 0.05kWh/MJNew plant
coal
石炭fired
火力新plant
設～帯水層
to aquifer

NET storage＝670/1000

５８％

分
離回収
Separation
昇圧Pressurization
輸送Transportation
貯留Injection
収入

Existing plant
６３％

石Existing
炭火力既設改造～帯水層

coal fired plant
to aquifer

0

2,000

4,000

NET storage＝502/1000
6,000

8,000

10,00012,00014,000avoidedcost
JPY/t-CO2
アボ
イデッドコスト 円/t-CO2
Upgrading desulfurization facilities&Auxiliary coal fired boiler

Capture cost
4,200JPY/t-CO2

CCS total cost
7,300JPY/t-CO2⑦

Emission Source and Capture Technologies of CO2
Power plant

Cement plant

Steel works

Chemical plant

Sourceamount CO２ /y

0.３７Bton-CO2

0.03Bton-CO2

0.18Bton-CO2

0.01Bton-CO2

Concentartion of CO２

7%-14%

about 20%

about 25%30-50%

3ppm

50ppm

0ppm

Concentartion of SO２

0-10ppm

ＣＯ２濃度

Separation
地中貯留&Capture Absorption AbsorptionMembrane
Membrane Hybrid
Separation
Storage

Geological

Ocean

Adsorption⑧Issues on the implementation of CCS in Japan (１)・Development of the technologies for cost reduction
・Reduction of CCS system cost・Monitoring technology
・Model simulation of CO2 behavior
・Innovative technology of capture and separation
・Promotion of the large-scale demonstration project・Run the large-scale demonstration project・CO2 capture from the large scale emission source
・ Evaluation of high-efficiency CO2 capture technologies
・ Effective use of Early Opportunities
・ Exploitation of R&D infrastructures for the implementation

・Academic, business and governmental cooperation<from the METI’s interim report on CCS promotion, 2007.10.>⑨Issues on the implementation of CCS in Japan (2)・Development of the domestic system for CCS・Promotion for the survey of CO2 storage potential
・Scheme for the verification of stored CO2 amount・Amendment of Marine Pollution Prevention Law
・Confidence Building and Public Acceptance・Frameworks of the financial supports
・Development of the International standard for CCS・Effectuation of IPCC Inventory Guideline
・Promotion of the international cooperation for CCS・Development and accumulation of CCS technology
・ Building of the frameworks for post Kyoto protocol<from the METI’s interim report on CCS promotion, 2007.10.>⑩

Roadmap of CO2 Capture and Geological Storage in Japan
2007

2020～
・CCS will get into full swing in the world

Milestone

・IGCC will be in practical use
・Capture cost is
4,200JPY/t-CO2CO2 CaptureTechnology・Capture cost will be expected to be comparable to ET priceTarget: 1,000JPY/t-CO2 for 1Mt-CO2/y・Expansion of application area
→・Cost reduction → ・low-cost separation process→→・High-selectivity membrane → ・CR and scale-up →→・Basic research of new technology → ・application →COCS* project
2004～2008FY

Membrane** project
2006～2010FY・CCS total cost is7,300JPY/t-CO2

CO2 Storage
TechnologyCOURSE*** project
2008～2012FY・Start of large-scale
CO2 storage

・Pilot test of CO2 injection (10Kt-CO2)→・Study on trap mechanism and CO2 behavior→→・Improve efficiency and cost of CCS system→→・Management technology of stored CO2→→・Technique for environmental assess. and safety →→・Field study of storage potential and it’s exploitation →→・Analysis of pilot test → Test of CCS process→・Basic study → Full-scale demonstration project →Nagaoka* project
2004～2012FY→・Seeking lower cost

* Cost Saving CO2 Capture System** Molecular Gate Membrane*** CO2 Ultimate Reduction in Steelmaking process for cool Earth・Expansion ofCCS implementation→・Increasing use of CCS→・Seeking lower cost
* CO2 geological storage technology** Exploitation of coal gasification technology

FutureGen** project
2007～2011FY< with reference to METI’s roadmap of strategy for technology development, 2007 >⑪

財団法人 地球環境産業技術研究機
Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth

URL：http://www.rite.or.jp⑫