Chung-Hua Institution for Economic
Research, October 5 2017

Comparative Analysis on
Renewable energy policy
between Korea and Japan

Presented by Soocheol Lee（Meijo University)
slee@meijo-u.ac.jp

Background and aims of this presentation

CONTENTS

Current situation of renewable energy inJapan and Korea

Recent renewable energy policy transition of
Korea
Recent renewable energy policy transition ofJapan

Future challenges to expend renewable energ
In Japan and Korea

APPENDIX

Background andaims of thispresentation

1.1 Aims of the presentation●Comparative analysis of Japanese and Korea
renewable energy policy after the renewable energy
policy transition of two countries since 2012

Suggest desirable renewable energy policies to East
Asia considering the outcomes and challenges of thetwo countries1.2 Social value of Renewable Energy
Environmental preservation value of the earth：⇒ＲＥＣ(Renewable Energy Certificate), Green Electricity
Certificate, FiT, ETS, CDM, J-credit,K-credit
Large size RE

Small size RE

National energy security value :Energy security, Green technology, New bisiness⇒Market value？？
World peace value ：⇒Market value？？
Regional environmental and economy value：
PM, Air pollutant, regional resources utilization,
Regional economy activity⇒Market value？？

Current situation of
Renewable Energy
In Korea and Japan

2.1 GDP, CO2 emissions, GHG targets, energy systems and low-carbon policies of Japan and Korea

Japan (year)
1,095 (1990),
1,235 (2013)

Korea (year)
247 (1990),
601(2013)-26.0(comparing to 2013)<-18.0(comparing to 1990)-25.4(comparing to 2005)>-37.0%(BAU)<-21%(comparing to 2010)>*including oversea`s credit

Renewable(% of total
electricity)

14.6% (2015),
13.5% (2020),
22~24.0% (2030)

6.8% (2015),
10% (2022),
15% (2035)

Nuclear(% of total electricity)

29.2% (2010),
1.7% (2013),
20~22%(2030)

Carbon tax

289 yen/tCO2 from 2012

32.2% (2010),
27.6% (2013),
27.8% (2024),
29% (2035)
Not yet; under discussion

ETS

Not yet nationally but
Nationally from 2015
municipally from 2010 (Tokyo
City), 2011 (Saitama
Prefecture)
RPS(Renewable Portfolio
FITStandard )CO2emission Energy related CO2
andemission
GHG targets(M CO2ton)
INDC 2030 GHG
target(％)

Renewableenergyand nuclear
power target

Low-carbon
policyRenewable energy
policySources: Websites of World Bank, IEA, IAEA,World Nuclear Association and Lee et al.,2015.

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5 Trends in the portion of renewables power in
Korea and Japan
6.4%(2015)
14.6%
If large hydroincluded

1.8
1.6
1.4

2.0%
(2015)

1.2

Japan

1
0.8
0.6

5.8%
If large hydroincluded

Korea

0.4

RPS for
Korea, FIT
for Japan

0.2
0
2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2015

2.6 Japan`s Energy and Power mix plan in 2030
GDP growth rate
(1.7%/year from 2013
to 2030)2030 powermix plan

EnergyConservation(50.3 million KL)

Electricity
About 25%(966.6 bil. kWh)Heat, Gasoline,
City gas, etc.
75%2030 primaryenergy mix plan
Geothemal(1~1.1%)

Renewables(22~24)

Electricity
About 28%(980.8 bil. kWh)Heat, Gasoline,
City gas, etc.
72%

EnergyDemand

Nuclear(20~22)

Biomass(3.7~7.6%)

Wind(1.7)

Nuclear(10~11%)PV(7.0%)

LNG
(18%)

Hydro
(8.8~9.2
%)

LNG
(27)

Coal
(26)

Renewables(13~14%)

Coal
(25%)

LPG(3%)Petroleum(30%)

Petro (3%)

Total electricity output(1,065 billion kWh)
361 million KL

2013

326 million KL

2030

2030

Source:METI(2015) National Energy Long-term Plan

2030

NuclearandFossil
Fuel
Reliance85%

2.7 Prospect of total primary energy & final energy (Korea)
unit: MTOE

2035

Annualgrowthrate

Finalenergy2011

2035

Annualgrowthrate

86.6(30.3)

112.4(29.7)

1.24%

Coal

33.5
(16.3)

38.6(15.2)

0.58%

Petroleum

105.1(38.1)

101.5(26.9)-0.15%Petroleum

102.0(49.5)

99.3(39.1)-0.11%

LNG

46.3(16.8)

73.3(19.4)

1.93%

City gas

23.7(11.5)

35.3(13.9)

1.68%

Hydro

1.7
(0.6)

2.0
(0.5)

0.70%

Electricity

39.1(19.0)

70.2(27.6)

2.47%

Nuclear32.3(11.7)

70.0(18.5)

3.28%

Heat

1.7
(0.8)

3.3
(1.3)

2.82%

Renewables/ot
her

6.6
(2.4)

18.8
(5.0)

4.44%

Renewables

5.8
(2.8)

7.4
(2.9)

1.01%

Total

275.7
(100)

377.9
(100)

1.32%

Total

205.9
(100)

254.1
(100)

0.88%

Primaryenergy2011

Coal

Source: METI of Korea(2015) 「2nd Master Plan for National Energy」

2.8 Renewables plans in selected countries(portion of power mixes)

Korea ： 13.4%(2035)
Japan： 22～24%(2030)
EU： 45%(2030)
Germany： 40～45%(2025)
Sweden： 40%(2020)
Portugal： 60%(2020)
UK： 30%(2020)
France： 40%(2030)
California; 50%(2030)
China; 26%(2030)

Renewable Energy
policy transition of
Korea

3.1 Outlines of FIT system in
Korea(2002~2011)
Korea introduced FIT(Feed-in Tariff) in 2002 to promote renewableenergy supply. But they shifted from FIT to RPS (Renewable Portfolio
Standard)on January 1, 2012.
Korean government’s purposes to change the systems are;
1. to promote the technological innovation of renewable energy
to simulate the competition in renewable energy market.
2. to lessen a financial load to cut the subsidies(from the Special
Account for Energy Measurement of the government) for
renewable energy under the FIT system.
⇒ 1.14 trillion won(about 114 billion yen) was subsidized torenewable power energies (2,128 plants holding 1,054 MW facility
capacity, 10,111GWh) from 2002 to 2011 under FIT system.

3.2 Tariffs and Terms for PV under FIT in Korea
設置
場所

適用
期間

2008.09~
2008.10~

2010.01~
土地

建築物
2011.01~
2011.12

土地

建築物

15年

30kW
以下

30kW～
200kW

200kW～
1MW

Unit: ウォン/kWh
1MW～
3MW～
3MW

30kW未満30kW以上711.5

677.3815年

646.96620.41590.87561.33472.7020年

589.64562.84536.04509.24428.8315年

566.95541.42510.77485.23408.62

20年

514.34491.17463.37440.20370.7015年

606.64579.32546.52--

20年

550.34525.55495.81--

15年

484.52462.69436.50414.68349.2020年

439.56419.76396.00376.20316.8015年

532.97508.96480.15--20年

483.52461.74435.60--Source: Korea Energy Management Corporation

3.3 Outcome of FIT for new and renewable energies
in Korea (2002~2011)
発電量
（GWｈ）

発電容量
（MW）

支援金額
(10億ウォン)

発電所数
(ヶ所)

太陽光

1,897

498

988

2009

風力

3,141

320

26

15

水力

2,033

90

26

64

LFG

2,407

85

16

15

燃料電池

555

50

84

20

Biogas

31

3

0.3

337

Biomass

37

5.5

0.2

1

廃棄物

10

2

0.05

1

Source: Korea Energy Management Corporation

3.4 Outline of RPS System in Korea
Power utility companies over 500 MW facility
capacity should provide renewable power morethan the obligation supply target in a year whichgovernment determined.
⇒13 power companies(including 5 private companies)
The obligation supply target rates is 2.5% in2012 and 10% in 2022. And extraordinary
obligation supply target for solar PV was set toextend it rapidly.
⇒ Allowing trade of renewable energy certificate(REC)which is issued to renewable generators

3.5 Figure Obligation Supply Target of Renewable Energy under
RPS in Korea
obligation supply target in a year=total power generation volume of each power utility
companies(excepting power generation from renewable energy)×obligation rate
⇒obligation supply target in 2013 was 9,120GWh
year

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022
～

obligationrate(％)

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

⇒ ambitious target comparing to Japan`s old target(next slide) under RPS

Figure extraordinary obligation supply target for solar PV
Year

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

obligation supply
target for Generation（GWh）

276

723

1,156

1,577

1,577

obligation supply
Target for Capacity （MW）*

220

330

330

320

320

Note: Power companies which have 5GW capacity should purchase more than 50% of extraordinary obligation supply
target for solar PV by long term contract over 12 years. But this extra target was stopped from 2016,
Source: Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy

3.6 REC weight of RPS in Korea(Energy Storage System)3.7 REC trend of PV in Korea

Around 100
won/kWh

注：SMPは、電力市場で取引される電気の卸売価格である。

Renewable Energy
policy transition ofJapan4.1 RPS system of Japan
Japan had led the renewable energy technology
and supply such as those of solar PV andgeothermal power in the world since first oil shockin 1973.
But supply of renewable energy was stagnant after
RPS system was introduced in 2003. Prices ofrenewable energy power were unstable under the
RPS system⇒because large power generation companies
could have bargaining power against the
renewable energy suppliers in the renewableenergy power market.

4.2 Supply Target of Renewable Energy under Old RPS

in Japan(2003~2012)
year

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

supply target
(GWh)

7320

7660

8000

8340

8670

9270

10330 12200

supply target
rate (％)

0.87

0.91

0.92

0.97

0.99

1.05

1.16

⇒obligation supply amount and rate of Korea in 2013 were 9,120GWh and 2.5%

Source: Agency for natural resources and energy

2010

1.35

4.3 FIT of renewables in Japan(2012.10~ )FIT prices (yen/kWh)Power sources(Years of FIT 20 years)

비고

2012

2013

2014

2016

PV (under 10kW )

42

38

37

25~33

10 yearsPV (10kW~ )

40

36

32

24

20 years

Wind (under 20kW)

55

55

55

55

20 years

Wind (20kW~ )

22

22

22

22

Wind offshore 36yen(2014~ )Small Hydro (under 200kW)

34

34

34

34

Small Hydro (200-1,000kW)

29

29

29

29

(1,000-30,000kW)

24

24

24

24

Geo-thermal(under 15,000kW)

40

40

40

40

26

26

26

26

BiogasBiomass (thinning wood etc. )

39
32-40

39
32-40

39
32-40

39
32-40

Biomass (other woods )

24

24

24

24

13

13

13

13

17

17

17

17

(15,000kW~ )(construction wastes)
Waste generation

출처: METI(2016)20 years

20 years

20 years

26

4.4 Recent FIT price down on PV

2012
20 years returnIC

FIT amendment

2013
20 Years returnIC

FIT amendment

2014

2017

I
C

20 years return

Auction over 2MW(highest 21yen/kWh),
10kW～2MW(21yen/kW)
Below 10kW(28～30yen/ kWh)

4.5

4.6 Cumulative installed capacity of PV power generation(MW)4.7 Trend of unit price of PV(under10kW)
and average electricity price in Japan
Unit
price

Unit price(including subsidy)

electricity price

Yen/kWh주; 평균전기요금은 전력회사 10사의 전기료수입을 전기판매량으로나눈 수치임

4.8 Installed capacity of RE in Japan
Units : MW

Solar Power（residents）
Solar power（not-residents)
Wind power
Geothermal
Small water
power
Biomass

Totaｌ

Before FIT

After FIT

Installed cumulative capacity

Installed capacity(～June 2012)(July 2012～March 2017)

4,700

4,750(5,490)

900

28,750(79,050)

2,600
500
9,600

790(6,970)
10(90)
240(1,110)

2,300
20,600850(12,410)
35,390(105,140)

Note: Numbers in red color are approved facility
http://www.fit.go.jp/statistics/public_sp.html

4.9 PV capacity as sizes in Japan（MW：2012.7～2016.2）
8,737MW(365,852)

Number of sites in ()

5,809MW
(3,872)

3,877MW(869,555)

2,564MW(10,920)

Under 10KW 10～50KW

2,830MW
(4,054)

2,637MW(217)

50～500KW 500～1000KW 1000～2000KW 2000KW以上

4.10 Wind capacity as sizes in Japan（2012.7～2016.2）
Number of sites in (431.5MW(45)

0.494MW(53)

Under 20KW

Source：METI(2016)

20KW~

)

4.11 Outlook of small wind capacity in Japan
33,000kW

Installed
Approved
Outlook

4,849

27

314

2014.1247

1,318

2015.43,232
160

2015.8Source; Small Wind Farm Association of Japan428
2015.122020

4.12 Monthly FIT charge of average
household (300kWh/month) in Japan
2012

2013

2015

2016

Charge rate(yen/kWh)0.22

0.35 0.75 1.58

2.25

Charge amount(yen/month)66

105 225 474

675

Source; METI

2014

4.13

4.14 FIT unit charge and charge amount in Japan

4.15 Trend of Monthly FIT charge and total cost of FIT
5.4

Monthly
payment of
averagehousehold(yen/month)

2.1 trillion
yen
1.8 trillion

1.3trilion

Total payment of FIT
charges2012 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

4.16 Trend of FIT and avoidable cost

Substitute effect ofThermal power

回避可能費用

Source; Natural Energy Foundation Japan(2015)

4.17

Source: TEPCO website

4.18

Source: Renewable Energy Institute, Japan

4.19

Source:4.20

Source:4.21

Source:4.22 Renewable energy statistics
related to region
Number of power
supply company

39(2009~2011)

1,973(2012~2016)

Number of civic
group or local union

115(2013)

200(2016)

PV installed Numberof household

2.05 million(2016, 8% of total
household)Points of Revised FIT Law (2016)
1. Revise the authorization system

2. Change the FIT price setting method
3. Change the FIT electricity buyer to grid operator
4. Revise exemption of tariff system for heavy
power consuming industries
45

FIT authorization system up to now• RE generation operator can get FIT authorization
before grid interconnection request or
consultation• By get FIT authorization in initial phase, operator
are more susceptible to loan
• Problem of the FIT authorized project that are notstart operation– Business PV projects (560,000)– Over 310,000 projects are not start operation (as of
Jan.2016)– Risk of increasing the tariff burden for final consumers
46

Flow of FIT Electricity• Based on proceeding electricity system reform• FIT electricity buyer is changed from retailer togrid operator (after the enforcement of therevised FIT law, in April 2017)– FIT electricity that grid operator buy will be sent it towholesale market– Under full liberalization of electricity retail business• There is a risk that FIT electricity purchase application
concentrated in the specific retail company• Power producer and supplier have merits– They can raise electricity from the market
47

Clarification of Target Exemption
Company• Nowadays, heavy power consuming industries
are exempt to pay tariff– Depending on application– Up to 20%~80%• The reason was to “reinforce of theinternational competitiveness”– at the time of FIT law establishment

48

Auction for large Scale PV• Same Pricing over under 2MW PV as of now• Larger scale facilities, cheaper generation cost
• Relatively small capital operator, for example
community based generation operator cannot
make a bid– Risk that cannot acquire FIT authorization• German trial auction system for large scale PV in
2015– Go ahead while confirming whether there is not theentry wall of community or private operator
49

Future challenges to expend
Renewable energy in Korea
and japan

5.1 The Case of Korea
RPS will limit the promotion of facility typerenewables like solar PV from the experience in EU.
Small sized solar PV and wind power, not competitivein price but important in activating local economy andemployment, should be protected and promoted⇒Policy mix of FIT（small RE） and RPS(large RE).

Seoul municipal government introduced FIT for small
sized solar PV from May 1, 2013 for 5 years durations
for the first time among the local governments.
⇒ Seoul municipal government subsidize 100 won per
kWh to the electricity generated by under 50kW
solar PV(under 100kW solar PV installed at school).

5.2 Installed capacity as size of PV
in 2014

Sources: METI

5.3 The Case of Japan
Renewable energy sources are essential pillars tostrengthen security and stability of supply, while
contributing to reduce not only greenhouse gas
but also other harmful pollutants emissions.
The development of local resources such as wind,solar and biomass create substantial employment
opportunities in local areas.
⇒ need to form a social consensus for the fair social

price of renewable energy

Easy access to connect to gridSite regulation for environmental preservation etc.
⇒Renewable Energy v.s. Environmental
Reservation
Reorganization of power system to connect
electricity generated by renewable energy easily.
Solar sharing and deregulation

5.4 What are the goals of creating RE stations for regional subjects?
Independence

Relation

Autonomyof Energy
エネルギー
自治

By Nobuo Shira(2017)

Dialogue,
Network
対話とネットワーク

Conviviality
自立共生

Subject

SocietyandEconomySymbiosis

Independenceof Regional
EconomyFair and Security,
Environmental
Symbiosis

地域経済の
自立

公正、安全、
環境共生5.5 Business size of PV
types

entities

Electricity company

Large capital
Large company

Local capital

Medium size local
company

Install site

Large vacantland, land fillarea etc.
Company owned
Lager factory siteetc.

NGO(local
citizen)주도형

Roof of personal
owned building

NGO／기타

~100MW

20~30 billion yen

2~3 billion yen~5MW~10billion yen
1~2MW

Small vacantland
Personal owned
small landbusinessamount~10MW

Company owned
small site

Local government
capitalLocal government
relatedcapacity~0.5billion yen
200~300 kW

Roof of facility
under 100kW

20~30 millionyen
2~3 million yen

주； 붉은 점선부분은 사업평가에 상당한 비용이 요구되는 프로젝트파이낸싱 등의 수법이 성립되기 어려운 10억엔 미만의 사업에 해당됨출처 환경성(2014) 지역에 있어서 신재생에너지사업평가(태양광사업)5.6 Potentiality of PV except buildings in Japan（단위：MW）
Place

Arableland

Abando Surface Terrac Parkin Landfil Vinyl
nment of lakes, e land g area l area houslandswamp on the
e
side,
river
dams

potent 381,471 34,284
iality38,797 34,416 23,712 9,370

Source：Mizho research Institute（2013）

7,354

Solar SharingThank you for your kind attention!

APPENDIX

Examples of two cities promoting renewable energy and reginal vitality

Case Study 1: Iida City

JAPAN
KOREA
Iida City,
Nagano Prefecture

63General situation of Iida City・Iida City is an environmentallyadvanced city that has
pioneered the spread ofphotovoltaic power systems.
・Environmental measures taken
since the 1990s.
・Community activities(kouminkan-katsudo) are active.

NaganoPrefecture

NagoyaTotal area: 659 km2
Forested area: 84%
Population: 106,000(as of September 2015)
http://www.city.iida.lg.jp/

Iida City

64

Chronological Table of Renewable Energy Actions in Iida City
Stage
Actions of Local Administration
Stage 1
1997 Loan facilitation and interest
subsidies for residential photovoltaic
Start up of
power station
generation
2002 NPO: Iida Natural Energy Net
established

Actions of Ohisama-shinpo

2001 Ohisama symposium2004 First Ohisama power station at MyojyoNursery School

Stage 2
2004 Wood pellet stoves installed inpublic facilities
Progress of
citizen-owned
power station

2004 Citizen-owned power expanding to all
public facilities in Iida, through the“Mahoroba” Community Creation Project

Stage 3
Spread ofpower stations 2011 “Mega solar Iida,” a joint project
between public and private sectors(Chubu Electric Company)

2009 Project to install residential
photovoltaic generation started under an“Initial cost zero system”

Stage 4
Various typesof station by
ordinance

2013 Municipal ordinance for asustainable community through theintroduction of renewable energy
sources2012 Project to install photovoltaic
generation in all facilities launched—the“Mega sanpo project”
2014 Start of the installation of photovoltaic
generation in community centers, etc,
through ordinance projects
65

History of Ohisama-shinpo funding
Application
periodSouth-shinsyu
March to May
Ohisama Fund2005
November 2007
Stop Global Warming
to December
Ohisama Fund2008
June toOhisama 2009 Fund
September 2009
Shinsyu: Yui Country October 2009
Ohisama Fundto January 2010
Shinsyu: Yui Country October 2011
Ohisama Ⅱ Fundto January 2012
Name of fundRegional MEGA
Ohisama Fund

July 2012 toFebruary 2013

Ohisama 7 Fund

October 2013
to February 2014

Total

Source: Business report of Ohisama-shinpo¥1000(People)201,500(476)
434,300(653)

75,200(145)
47,900(103)
81,000(138)
335,900(363)
327,900(327)
1,503,700(1552)

Contents of operating
・Solar (public facilities)
・Solar (public facilities)
・Heat generation, Save energy
・Investment to others
・Solar (public facilities)
・Heat generation
・Solar (residential houses)
・Heat generations
・Solar (public facilities)
・Solar (private facilities)
・Solar (residential houses)
・Other Investments
・Solar (private facilities)
・Solar (residential houses)
・Other Investments
・Solar (public facilities)
・Solar (private facilities)
・Solar (residential houses)
・Generation capacity

38 stations
92 stations

73,300 (¥1000)
32 stations
22 stations
43 stations
20 stations
14 stations
88,824 (¥1000)
13 stations
7 stations
136,540 (¥1000)
87 stations
106 stations
88 stations
3,641 kW66

Ohisama sinpo in Iida city
ESCO businessPV business• 오히사마발전소
• 0엔 시스템
• 타사업자로의 운용• 에너지절약기기설치

#2温暖化防止오히사마펀드

(2007)653명
4.7억엔

• 태양열온수 시스템• 고효율 급탕 히트펌프• 고효율 공조시스템
투자/자금운용

#1信州오히사마
펀드（2004)476명
2억엔

Green heat business

#3오히사

마
펀드
(2009)
145명0.8억
엔

O&M
업무위탁

• 목질 바이오매스
• 그린열증서발행

토자.자금운용
#4信州・結#5信州・結#6地域ＭＥ

いの国오히사마펀드(2010)103명1억엔いの国오히사마펀
드(2011)13
8명
0.8억엔

ＧＡ
오히사마
펀드(2012)
363명
4억엔

펀드
관리

Ohisama Fund Co.

시민・민간

단독
사업

#7오히사
마
펀드7
(2013)
３２７명
3.5억엔

Annual Profits 2~3%

Municipal ordinance for a sustainable community
thorough the introduction of sustainable energy
Large capital required to construct RE stations inlocal because of FIT
We would like to use renewable energythat is a regional resource to revitalize the region.
Connect with renewable energy
and resident autonomy, democracy of energy
April 1, 2015 Establishment of ordinanceSource: Iida City

68

Main points of municipal ordinance for a sustainablecommunity through the introduction of renewable energy

Regional
Environment Rightgiven to residents.

Public and Private
Partnership is
stipulated as a rule.

Support by expert
organizations,
Quality is
maintained.

Support by Iida
Municipality
to certify projects.

Source: Iida City

・Credit Guarantee
・Interest-free loans
69

Project system supported by municipal ordinance
Mayor

Certifying project
Credit guarantee
Interest-free loans

Securing funds for activities
Emergency power supply
Creation of regional value.

Community
Organization
ExpertOrganizations

Local Bank
Investors

AdviceProvideHardware
SoftwareFinancinginvestment

Financing cases
A. Self-funding by community organization
B. Citizen-owned power company(includes civic investment)
C. Financing by partner company( not including civic investment)

PartnerCompany
Securing funds
Citizen-owned powerfor installation
Local electric store
Company owner of land Tax incentives
Creation of company
value.
Source: Iida City

70

Certifying project by ordinance:
Community center, formerly a closed school
杵原学校多目的ホール
 The school was closed in 1985. Many
residents worked to renovate the schoolbuilding and surrounding area from 2005.
 The space was used to experience
agriculture and SATOYAMA activities forchildren mainly.
 An old cherry tree attracted attention
from eco-tours.

▼Solar panel 22.8 kW

 Certified by ordinance in December 2014.
 The designated administrator of thisbuilding, which is a community committee,
rents this building to Ohisama-shinpo.
 Ohisama-shinpo collected civil investment,
installed a solar panel on the roof of thisbuilding, and sells the electric power.
 The community gets ¥50,000 from
Ohisama-shinpo, and uses the money tomaintain the building.
 In cases of emergency, the community can
use the electricity.
71

Certifying project by ordinance:
久米会館・さくら保育園久米分園
Community center and nursery school▼Solar panel 7.6 kW

 Community center and nursery school
are contiguous, and are operated in
an integrated manner.
 This building is a special place forresidents. It is used for community
festivals. Various generations fromchildren to seniors gather there, andlearn and interact. Especially,
residents maintain nursery schoolwith difficulty.

 Ohisama-shinpo leases the roof,
and created a citizen-owned power
station.
 The community gets the income
from Ohisama-shinpo, and uses themoney for the community.
 In cases of emergency, thecommunity can use the electricity.
 Certified by ordinance in March
72
2015.

▼Solar panel
25.2 kW

Case Study 2: Konan City

JAPAN
KOREA
Konan City,
Shiga Prefecture73General situation of Konan City・Konan City is a welfare city.
There are many welfare
facilities to assist the selfsupport of handicapped people.
・On the other hand, it also
boasts the largest industrial
park in western Japan.
・Konan is a commuter town 40
minutes from Kyoto. There has
been a steady increase inpopulation.

Total area: 71 km2
Population: 55,000（as of October 2015）74

Chronological Table of Renewable Energy Actions in Konan City
Stage

Actions of Local Administration

Stage 1

Citizen-owned
power station
installed for the
first time in Japan
Stage 2
Citizen-owned
power station
restarted bymunicipal
ordinance

2002 Tentoumushi No. 2 installed2012 Municipal ordinance of naturalenergy in Konan City established—
the first in Japan.
2012 Consecutive lectures started.
2013 Kosei-Unyu installed a mega
solar station on the roof of a
distribution center.

2013 Small-scale water power station
Installed in Azuma district
Stage 3Developed invarious areas

Actions of Kona citizen owned station
1997 Citizen-owned power station
Tentoumushi No. 1 installed on the roofof a work area for the handicapped

2014 Solar station installed inlavatory in Higashi-dera district2014 Plan for a smart energy system
in Konan Industrial Park launched.

2013 Konan citizen-owned stations No.
1 and No. 2 installed and started selling
power.

2015 Konan citizen-owned station No. 3
and No.4 planned for the roof of apublic facility.
75Scheme of Green
Decentralization Reform

Establishment of
the council withvarious actors

Konan Citizenowned Power
Station• Renewable energy

care

Ex: Rental fee, Design fee,
Using a Circulation Ticket

Ex: Providing aspace for power
generation,
Designing Circulation
Ticket, etc.

energy• Welfare for the handicappedfood
de l'art brut,
Welfare tourism• Specialty goods development

Council for Promoting Konyan Mutual
Supporting Project• Welfare operators• Social welfare council• Tourism association
Ex: Providing a space,
Ex: Using a• Agricultural association
Attracting customers,
Circulation Ticket• Commerce and industry association
Advertisement• City development council• Industry association
Ex: Package design,
Ex: Providing a space for
Commodity production, • Scholars
power generation,
Processing cooperation, • + Municipal staff at the level ofFavorable treatment with
Community
deputy manager (as advisor)
Attracting customers,a Circulation Ticket
RenaissanceAdvertisement

Ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅ： Ｋｏｎａｎ ｃｉｔｙ76

Tentoumushi No. 1▼Solar panel
4.35 kW▼Solar panel
20.88 kW

Konan citizen-owned
station No. 1
77

６．The Expectation to Regeneration of Regional Communities
through Renewable Energy in Iida City and Konan City
Iida city survey
SamplesKonan city survey

Residents of Iida city
Between 20’s and 60’s
2,100 persons

Residents of Iida city
Between 20’s and 60’s
2,100 persons

Percent of A. Numbers of sent:
2,100
responses B. Numbers of responses:
986

C. Response rate (B/A) :47.6％

A. Numbers of sent:
2,100
B. Numbers of responses: 846
C. Response rate (B/A) : 40.3％

SurveyperiodMay 2016

Methodof survey

questionnaire survey, mail distribution and collection78