⎇ ⓥ ⺰ ᢥ ᛞ ㍳

㧔2005ᐕ㧝᦬㨪12᦬㧕

‛⾰↢๮ℂᎿቇ⑼N. Kato, M. Kudo㧦“Quantum Molecular Dynamics

ment of intact molecules (C60+, C70+ and C84+) and

restrained the fragmentation due to C2 depletion.

Simulation for fragmentation of arginine molecule

induced by ion impact”, Appl. Surface Scie., 255,
pp.905-907, 2008.9

M. Kudo, K. Aimoto, Y. Sunagawa, N. Kato, S. Aoyagi,㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦ࠗࠝࡦⴣ᠄ߦࠃߞߡᒁ߈⿠ߎߐࠇࠆࠕ࡞ࠡ࠾

Intensity Enhancement from Polymers on Silicon andࡦಽሶߩࡈ࡜ࠣࡔࡦ࠻ൻߦኻߔࠆ㊂ሶಽሶേജቇࠪࡒࡘ
࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ

 15 keVGa+

ion impact and the thermal de-composition of arginine molecules has been
simulatedbyquantum

molecular

dynamics

S. Iida, N. Sanada㧦“Comparison of Secondary Ion

Silver Substrates by using Au-TOF-SIMS” Appl. Surface Scie., 255, pp.1015-1017, 2008.9

㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦Au-TOF-SIMSᴺࠍ↪޿ߡࠪ࡝ࠦࡦ߅ࠃ߮㌁(QMD). We obtained the calculated mass spectraၮ᧼਄ߩࡐ࡝ࡑ࡯߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇࠆੑᰴࠗࠝࡦᒝᐲჇᒝലᨐ

molecule generated by ion impact or thermal de-ion source together with an Ag substrate and de-which express the distribution for fragment

ߩᲧセ The usefulness of the usage of cluster primarytection of Ag cationized molecular ions was stud-composition. From the comparison between theied from the standpoint to realize high sensitivity

experimental TOF-SIMS spectra and the calcu-

TOF-SIMS analysis of organic materials. Al-

lated spectra, we discussed the fragmentation

though secondary ions from polymer thin films on

mechanism of arginine molecule by Ga+ ion im-

a Si substrate can be detected in a higher sensi-

pact.

tivity with Au3+ cluster primary ion compared

N. Kato, Y. Yamashita, S. Iida, N. Sanada, M. Kudo㧦

with Ga+ ion bombardment, it was clearly ob-“Analysis of TOF-SIMS spectra from fullerene com-

served that the secondary ion intensities from㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦ࡈ࡜࡯࡟ࡦൻว‛߆ࠄߩ䌔䌏䌆䋭䌓䌉䌍䌓ࠬࡍࠢ

ferent tendency from that on Si. When monoa-

pounds”, Appl.Surface Scie., 255, pp.938-940, 2008.9

samples on an Ag substrate showed quite a diftomic primary ions, e.g., Au+ and Ga+, were used࠻࡞ߩ⸃ᨆ

 We analyzed TOF-SIMS spectra obtained fromfor the measurement of the sample on an Ag

three different size of fullerenes (C60, C70 and C84)

substrate, [M+Ag]+ ions (M corresponds to poly-

by using Ga+, Au+ and Au3+ primary ion beams

ethylene glycol molecule) were detected in a highsensitivity. On the contrary, when Au3+ was used,

and investigated the fragmentation patterns, theenhancement of secondary ion yields and the re-no intensity enhancement of [M+Ag]+ ions wasion beams compared with monoatomic primary

the detected secondary ions implies the different

observed. The acceleration energy dependence ofstraint of fragmentation by using cluster primary

ion beams. In the TOS-SIMS spectra from C70 andionization mechanisms on the different substrates.

C84, it was found that a fragment ion, identified
as C60+ (m/z = 720), showed a relatively high in-tensity compared with that of other fragment ionsK. Okada, S. Aoyagi, M. Dohi, N. Kato, M. Kudo, M.

Au3+

mobilized-lysozyme by means of TOF-SIMS”, Appl.

related to C2 depletion. It was also found that thebombardment caused intensity enhance-

Tozu, T. Miyayama, N. Sanada㧦“Evaluation of im-㧙㧙

because of the different salinity tolerance levels

Surface Scie., 255, pp.1104-1106, 2008.9

and growth rates of trees.

㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦䌔䌏䌆䋭䌓䌉䌍䌓ࠍ↪޿ߚ࿕ቯൻ࡝࠱࠴࠙ࡓߩ⹏
ଔ‫ޕ‬ Evaluation of immobilized-proteins on bio-

devices is important for the development of so-↰ේ⡛㓉࡮ႇ ෹຦࡮ጊፒ┨ᒄ࡮㉿Ꮉ㊀ᄦ࡮ዊፉ♿ᓼ㧦‫ޟ‬ᄢlized on substrates were evaluated by means of

pp.205-212㧘2009.3

phisticated devices. Lysozyme molecules immobi-

time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometryⷙᮨᬀᨋࠍᗐቯߒߚᧁ⾰ࡃࠗࠝࡑࠬߩャㅍ↪Άᢱൻߦ߅

ߌࠆࠗࡦࡌࡦ࠻࡝ಽᨆ‫ޠ‬ᣣᧄࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ቇળ⹹, 88,
 The biomass energy production by intensive

cultivation is expected in future. In this study, we(TOF-SIMS). Two types of the lysozyme- immo-

assumed large-scale plantation in an arid land of

bilized samples were prepared by controlling theWestern Australia. We analyzed inventory aboutbinding parts, i.e., the amino groups or carboxyl

conversion processes to various fuels from pro-groups, of the protein. The TOF-SIMS spectra of

duced wood. Our evaluation indexes are calorificeach sample were analyzed with mutual infor-

yield as fuel (energy in produced fuel per one tonmation to select fragment ions specific to eachdry-wood), CO2 emission (CO2 emission from fuelsample. According to the results, differences between the samples being immobilized in the dif-

production process per one ton dry-wood) and ex-

structure of the lysozyme molecule immobilized(primary energy basis). Calorific yield as fuel was

ferent ways are suggested, and the surface
at

amino

groupsisdeterminedbased

ternal energy consumption per one ton woodonalso evaluated for the independent case where all

three-dimensional structure of lysozyme in the

input energy was assumed to be supplied fromProtein Data Bank.

biomass itself or fuel from it.

 From the results on energy consumption and

Y. ODA, S. AIKAWA, S. KAWARASAKI, S. KATO, H.

CO2 emission analyses with external energy input,

SUGANUMA, H. TANOUCHI and T. KOJIMA 㧦

transportation of wood or fuel was found to be“Selection of Tree Species for Afforestation of

negligibly small in case that the conversion proc-

Salt-Affected Land”, J. Ecotechnology, 14(4), pp.227-

ess was located in Australia. But in case that

230, 2009.3

conversion process was located in Japan, that wasconsiderably high (15~40%). From the independ-㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦Ⴎ㘃ൻ࿯ფ߳ߩᬀᨋߩߚ߼ߩ᮸⒳ㆬᛯ

 In this study, we identified the best tree species

ent scenario (without energy input except thatfor the afforestation of salt-affected land. Al-from biomass itself) analysis, in case of conver-though some planting trials have been carried out

sion process in Australia and transportation ofin the wheat belt of Western Australia, minimal

produced fuel to Japan, 34% of the energy in thedetailed data on the mortality and growth rates ofwhole wood (at the maximum condition of 50% in

trees under salinity stress have been reported.

the feedstock except felling loss) was at theSuch data would facilitate the selection of species

maximum, expected to be recovered as energy inwith sufficient salinity tolerance and high growthfuel for methanol production case. More than 30%

rates. In the present study, a cultivation experi-(up to 55%) of the energy in the wood was ex-

ment was conducted to clarify the salinity toler-

hausted in the conversion process. Energy based

ance and growth rates of three Eucalyptus species

yield of fuel and CO2 emission were much more

widely planted in Western Australia. The ex-

influenced by the difference of target fuel or con-perimental results were analyzed in terms ofversion process than the conditions of location

height growth, maximum photosynthetic rate,water use efficiency, and total biomass. The results suggest that the most suitable species forafforestation depends on the site environment

and transportation.

N. Balasubramanian, T. Kojima, C. A. Basha, C.

Srinivasakannan㧦“Removal of arsenic from aqueous㧙㧙

solution using electrocoagulation”, Journal of Haz-

1H-NMR spectra. The monomer reactivity ratios㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦㔚᳇ಝ࿕ᴺࠍ↪޿ߚ᳓ṁᶧ߆ࠄߩࡅ⚛ߩ㒰෰methods such Fineman-Ross (r1=0.535, r2=0.

ardous Materials 167 (2009)㧘pp.966-969㧘2009.1

determined by the application of linearization

0.632), Kelen-Tudos (r1=0.422, r2=0.665) and ex- Removal of arsenic from aqueous solution was

tended Kelen-T udos methods (r1=0.506, r2=0).

carried out using electrocoagulation. Experiments

were conducted using mild steel sacrificial anodecovering wide range in operating conditions to

T. A. Gad-Allah, K. Fujimura, S. Kato, S. Satokawa, T.

senic removal efficiencywas recorded as 94% un-

netically separable photocatalyst (TiO2/SiO2/Fe3O4):

mechanism of arsenic removal has been devel-

Journal of Hazardous Materials, 154, pp.572-577,

assess the removal efficiency. The maximum arder optimum condition.

The electrocoagulation

oped to understand the effect of applied chargeand electrolyte pH on arsenic removal efficiency.

Further the experimental data were tested withdifferent adsorption isotherm model to describe

Kojima㧦“Preparation and characterization of magEffect of carbon coating and calcination temperature”,
2008.6㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦⏛᳇ಽ㔌น⢻ߥTiO2/SiO2/Fe3O4శ⸅ᇦߩ⺞⵾ߣࠠࡖ࡜ࠢ࠲࡝࠯࡯࡚ࠪࡦ㧦὇⚛ⵍⷒߣ὾ᚑ᷷ᐲߩᓇ㗀 TiO2/SiO2/Fe3O4 composite was synthesized by

the electrocoagulation process.

sol-gel technique for silica and titania coatings onmagnetite core to enable recovery after photo-

P. S. Vijayanand, S. Kato & S. Satokawa and T. Ko-

catalytic degradation. Carbon coating was also

jima 㧦 “Copolymerization of 4-cyanophenyl acrylate

carried out by calcination of TiO2/SiO2/Fe3O4 un-with methyl methacrylate: synthesis, characterization

der nitrogen atmosphere in presence of PVA as aand determination of monomer reactivity ratios”, J

source of carbon to enhance the adsorption of or-

Polym Res (2009) 16:301-309, 2008.9

ganic compounds on catalyst surface and to getbetter activity. All prepared samples were char-㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦ࡔ࠴࡞ࡔ࠲ࠢ࡝࡞᮸⢽ߣ4-ࠪࠕࡁࡈࠚ࠾࡞ࠕ

acterized using EDX, CN analyzer, XRD, BETࠢ࡝࡟࡯࠻ߣߩ౒㊀ว㧦วᚑ㧘ࠠࡖ࡜ࠢ࠲࡝࠯࡯࡚ࠪࡦ

and SEM. Degradation of methyl orange dye wasߣࡕࡁࡑ࡯ߩ෻ᔕᕈᲧߩ᳿ቯ

 A novel acrylic monomer, 4-cyanophenyl acrylate

(CPA)

with

acryloylwassynthesizedbyused to assess the photocatalytic performance ofreacting

the prepared samples. Calcination temperature

4-cyanophenol dissolved in methyl ethyl ketone
chlorideinthepresence

was found to affect rate of reaction because of theofformation of rutile phase at high calcination

triethylamine as a catalyst. Copolymers of CPA

temperature. Carbon coated samples unexpect-with methyl methacrylate (MMA) at different

edly exhibited lower rate of reaction at almost allcomposition was prepared by free radical solution

polymerization at 70+/-1 oC using benzoyl perox-

calcination temperatures.

ide as an initiator. The copolymers were charac-

P. S. Vijayanand, S. Kato, S. Satokawa and T. Ko-

troscopic techniques. The solubility tests wereacrylate with glycidyl methacrylate: synthesis,

The molecular weight and polydispersity indicesnation of monomer reactivity ratios”, Journal ofterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR specchecked in various polar and non polar solvents.

of the copolymers were estimated by using gel
permeation chromatography. The glass transition

temperature of the copolymers increases with in-jima㧦“Homopolymer and copolymers of 4-cyanophenyl

characterization, thermal properties and determi-

Applied Polymer Science, 108, 3, pp. 1523-1530,
2008.5creases MMA content. The thermal stability of㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦ࠣ࡝ࠪࠫ࡞ࡔ࠲ࠢ࡝࡞᮸⢽ߣ4-ࠪࠕࡁࡈࠚ࠾

fraction of CPA content in the copolymer. The co-ࠢ࠲࡝࠯࡯࡚ࠪࡦ㧘ᾲ⊛‛ᕈߣ㧘ࡕࡁࡑ࡯ߩ෻ᔕᕈᲧߩ

the copolymer increases with increases in mole࡞ࠕࠢ࡝࡟࡯࠻ߣߩࡎࡕ߅ࠃ߮౒㊀ว૕㧦วᚑ㧘ࠠࡖ࡜

polymer composition was determined by using᳿ቯ㧙㧙

 The acrylic monomer, 4-cyanophenyl acrylate

(CPA) was synthesized by reacting 4-cyanophenol

the commercial carbon black to explore its poten-

acryloyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine

point of zero charge (pHpzc) of the material wastial as sorbent. The suspension pH as well as thedissolved in methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) withfound to be highly acidic. The material showed

as a catalyst. The homopolymer and copolymers

excellent sorption performance for the removal ofwere synthesized by using free radical techniques.
Characterization

by

FT-IR,

1H-NMR

arsenic from a synthetic aqueous solution. It re-andmoved 93% arsenic from a 50 mg/L solution at

13C-NMR spectroscopic analysis confirms theequilibration time. The modified carbon black is

chemical structure. The solubility of the polymers

capable of removing arsenic in a relatively broad

was tested in various polar and non-polar sol-

pH range of 3-6, invariably in the acidic region.

vents. The polydispersity index values of poly-

Both pseudo-first-order and second-order kinetics

mers suggest a strong tendency for chain termi-

were applied to search for the best fitted kinetic

nation by disproportionation in all cases and themodel to the sorption results. The sorption proc-

tendency increases with increasing GMA content

ess is best described by the pseudo-second-orderin the feed. The initial decomposition tempera-

kinetic. It has also been found that intra-particle

tures for poly (GMA) (188°C), poly (CPA-co-GMA)diffusion is the rate-controlling step for the initial(280°C) and poly(CPA)(290°C), reveals that thephases of the reaction. Modelling of the equilib-

thermal stability of the copolymer increases withrium data with Freundlich and Langmuir iso-an increase in CPA content. DSC analysis showed

therms revealed that the correlation coefficient is

Tg for poly(CPA)(25°C), poly (GMA) (74°C) andmore satisfactory with the Langmuir model al-

copolymer (0.4007: 0.5993) (39°C), indicates thatthough Freundlich model predicted a good sorp-

Tg of the copolymers decreases with increases oftion process. The sorption performance has been

CPA content. The copolymer composition was de-found to be strongly dependent on the solution pH

termined using 1H-NMR spectra. The monomerwith a maximum display at pH of 5.0. The tem-reactivity ratios were determined by the applica-

perature has a positive effect on sorption in-tion of linearization methods such as Fine-creasing the extent of removal with temperature

man-Ross (r1=0.5806, r2 =0.6651), Kelen-Tudos(r1=0.5442,

r2=

0.6472)

andup to the optimum temperature. The sorption

extendedprocess has been found to be spontaneous andKelen-Tudos methods (r1=0.5372, r2=0.6352).

endothermic in nature, and proceeds with the in-

The reactivity ratio values indicate that thecrease in randomness at the solidsolution inter-co-polymerization has a tendency to alternation.

face. The spent sorbent was desorbed with vari-

Dipu Boraha, S. Satokawa, S. Kato, T. Kojima 㧦

ous acidic and basic extracting solutions with

KOH demonstrating the best result (㨪85% de-“Sorption of As(V) from aqueous solution using acid

sorption).

modified carbon black”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 162 (2009), pp.1269-1277, 2008.6

㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦㉄ୃ㘼ߒߚࠞ࡯ࡏࡦࡉ࡜࠶ࠢߦࠃࠆ᳓ṁᶧਛ↰ᾢ଻ᒾ࡮⑔↰ടઍሶ࡮Ꮉ↰ᐘᐔ࡮ട⮮ ⨃࡮㉿Ꮉ㊀ᄦ࡮

ߩ5ଔࡅ⚛ߩๆ⌕ዊፉ♿ᓼ㧦‫ޟ‬㋕☳ࠍ↪޿ߚࡈࠚࡦ࠻ࡦ෻ᔕߦࠃࠆ࠻࡝ࠢࡠ

 The sorption performance of a modified carbon

black was explored with respect to arsenic re-ࡠࠛ࠴࡟ࡦߩಽ⸃෻ᔕㅦᐲ‫ޠ‬㧘ൻቇᎿቇ⺰ᢥ㓸34(2)㧘

Modification was accomplished by refluxing the ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㋕☳ߣㆊ㉄ൻ᳓⚛ࠍ↪޿ߚࡈࠚࡦ࠻ࡦ

comprisingHNO3 orH2SO4. Modification resultedߘߩ⚿ᨐ㧘㋕☳ࠍ↪޿ߚߣ߈ߦߪFe(II)ࠍ↪޿ߚ႐

moval following batch equilibrium technique.

pp.309-312㧘2008.4

commercial carbon black with an acid mixture෻ᔕߦࠃࠆTCEߩಽ⸃෻ᔕߩ෻ᔕㅦᐲࠍ᷹ቯߒߚ‫ޕ‬in the substantial changes to the inherent prop-วߣ⇣ߥࠅ㧘TCEಽ⸃ㅦᐲߪಽ⸃ೋᦼߩዉ౉ᦼࠍ⚻erties like surface chemistry and morphology of㧙㧙

ߚᓟ㧘ಽ⸃߇ㅴ߻ߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ዉ౉ᦼࠍ㒰ߊߣ㧘
෻ᔕߪTCEỚᐲߦኻߒߡ1ᰴߣߒߡ⸃ᨆߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ᓧࠄࠇߚ෻ᔕㅦᐲቯᢙߪ㧘㋕☳Ớᐲߦኻߒߡ1ᰴ෻ᔕว߽޽ࠆ‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬, sfermionߩ፣უㆊ⒟ߦߟ޿

ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ㆊ㉄ൻ᳓⚛Ớᐲߦኻߒߡߩ

ߡోߡ㔚ᒙ⵬ᱜߩ⸘▚߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬෻ᔕᰴᢙߪㆊ㉄ൻ᳓⚛Ớᐲ▸࿐ߦࠃߞߡᄌൻߔࠆߎ
ߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘㜞Ớᐲߩㆊ㉄ൻ᳓⚛ࠍ↪޿ߚ㘵Ⴆ੩ሶ࡮⍹Ꮉ ᱜ࡮ᩙේ⦟዁࡮㤥↰ᱜ᣿࡮ㄭ  ආ࡮႐ว㧘TCEಽ⸃෻ᔕߩㆊ㉄ൻ᳓⚛Ớᐲߦኻߔࠆ෻ᔕ

gluino፣უ᏷ߩ1࡞࡯ࡊ⵬ᱜߩ⸘▚‫ޠ‬, ᣣᧄ‛ℂቇળ2009ᰴᢙߪ⽶ߦߥࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬␹଻㓷ੱ࡮⮮ᧄ㗅ᐔ : ‫ޟ‬GRACE/SUSY-loopࠍ↪޿ߚᐕᤐ╙64࿁ᐕᰴᄢળ⻠Ṷ᭎ⷐ㓸, 28aSB-10 2009.3

ዊፉ♿ᓼ࡮⥪ ஜᖗ࡮Ⴚ ⚐৻࡮ട⮮ ⨃࡮㉿Ꮉ㊀ᄦ㧦‫࠹ޟ‬ gluinoߪLHCታ㛎ߢ⊒⷗߇ᦼᓙߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⿥ኻ

࠻࡜ࡔ࠻ࠠࠪࠪ࡜ࡦߩട᳓ಽ⸃ߦࠃࠆᓸ☳ࠪ࡝ࠞวᚑߦ

⒓ᕈ☸ሶߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߘߩ፣უࡕ࡯࠼ࠍᱜ⏕ߦ੍෸߷ߔⵝ⟎ᒻ⁁ߣࠟࠬᷙวߩᓇ㗀‫ޠ‬ൻቇᎿቇ⺰ᢥ㓸㧘᷹ߔࠆߎߣߪ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫⥄ߪߢߎߎޕ‬േ⸘▚ࡊࡠࠣ

34(2), pp.261-265, 2008.4

࡜ࡓGRACE/SUSY-loopࠍ↪޿ߡ㧘MSSMߦ߅ߌࠆ 㜞⚐ᐲᓸ☳ࠪ࡝ࠞߪඨዉ૕↥ᬺߥߤߢᐢߊ૶ࠊࠇ

squarkࠃࠅ㊀޿gluinoߩ2૕፣უ᏷ߩ1࡞࡯ࡊ⵬ᱜ

ߡ޿ࠆ‫⪺ޕ‬⠪ࠄߪ㧘೨ႎߢ࠹࠻࡜ࡔ࠻ࠠࠪࠪ࡜ࡦ

⸘▚ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ߩߜࠊߥߔޕ‬QCD⵬ᱜ߅ࠃ߮㔚ᒙ⵬ᱜ(TEMS)ߩ᳇⋧ട᳓ಽ⸃ߢࠪ࡝ࠞߩᓸ☳↢ᚑ߇น⢻ߩSusyࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ଐሽᕈࠍ⺞ߴߚ‫߫߃଀ޕ‬SPS1ảߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߚ‫⺰ᧄޕ‬ᢥߢߪ㧘ⵝ⟎ᒻ⁁㧘☸ሶࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲࠮࠶࠻ߦ߅ߌࠆ㔚ᒙ⵬ᱜ୯ߣߒߡ Ǭǌ(u su1)=4.0%╬ߩ⚿ᨐ߇ᓧࠄࠇߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬หߓ⾰㊂ߩᕈ⁁․ߦ☸ᓘߦਈ߃ࠆᓇ㗀ߦߟ޿ߡ⺞ߴߚ⚿ᨐࠍႎ๔ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬Type1-3ߩ3⒳㘃ߩᒻ⁁ߩ⇣ߥࠆ෻ᔕེࠍ↪

gluino߇top quarkߣ㊀޿ᣇߩstop㧔st2㧕ߦ߽፣უߪ᳓⫳᳇ߣߣ߽ߦ෻ᔕེ਄ㇱࠃࠅหᣇะߦᵹ౉ߒ㧘ᓧࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ߢ߈ࠆࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ߢߪ㧘Ǭǌ(t st2)=12.0%╬ߩ୯߇޿ߚ‫ޕ‬Type1ߪ೨ႎߢ↪޿ࠄࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ㧘TEMSടᾲߐࠇߥ߇ࠄ෻ᔕߔࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ㧘Type2߅ࠃ߮3ߢߪ㧘TEMSߪⵝ⟎ਅᣇࠃࠅᵹ౉㧘ടᾲߐࠇߚ᳓⫳᳇ߣᷙ

M. Ishikawa, R. Harada, N. Sasaki, and K. Miura㧦วߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬Type3ߢߪType2ߦᲧߴ᳓ߩዉ౉▤ߪ⍴ߊ㧘ᷙวㇱ᷷ᐲߪࠃࠅ㜞᷷ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᐔဋ☸ሶᓘߪ

tube on graphite”, Applied Physics Letters, Vol.93,⫳᳇౒ሽਅߢTEMSࠍᕆㅦߦടᾲߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ

㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦ࠣ࡜ࡈࠔࠗ࠻਄ߩࠞ࡯ࡏࡦ࠽ࡁ࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉߩ࠽

ࠃࠅዊߐ޿ᓸ☳☸ሶ߇↢ᚑߔࠆߎߣ߇␜ߐࠇߚ‫ߎޕ‬ࡁࠬࠤ࡯࡞ᒁ߈೸߇ߒߩนⷞൻ

Type1, 2, 3ߩ㗅ߦዊߐߊߥߞߚ‫⚿ߩߎޕ‬ᨐ߆ࠄ㧘᳓

“Visualization of nanoscale peeling of carbon nanopp.0831221-0831222, 2008.8

 This is one of the nanomechanical studies of ourߩ᧦ઙਅߢߪ⇣⋧෻ᔕߦࠃࠆ☸ሶᚑ㐳߇ᛥ߃ࠄࠇ㧘group. We have fabricated a manipulation systemᩭ↢ᚑ෻ᔕߩߺ߇ടㅦߐࠇߚ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߎޕ‬with a force detection, which uses a self-detectiveߩࠃ߁ߦ෻ᔕེᒻ⁁ࠍᄌ߃ࠆߎߣߢࠟࠬᷙว᧦ઙࠍ

cantilever, in a chamber of a scanning electronᄌ߃㧘߭޿ߡߪ᳓⫳᳇౒ሽਅߢߩTEMSߩടᾲ᧦ઙ

microscope. This system can simultaneously ma-߇ᄌࠊࠅ㧘↢ᚑࠪ࡝ࠞ☸ሶߩᐔဋ☸ᓘ߇ᄌࠊߞߚ߽

nipulate a nanoparticle and detect a force neededߩߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬

to move it, a detective resolution of which is ap-㘵Ⴆ੩ሶ࡮⍹Ꮉ ᱜ࡮ᩙේ⦟዁࡮㤥↰ᱜ᣿࡮ㄭ  ආ࡮

proximately 1 nN. In this work, nanoscale peelingsfermion፣უ᏷ߩ1࡞࡯ࡊ⵬ᱜߩ⸘▚‫ޠ‬, ᣣᧄ‛ℂቇળ

(MWCNT) on the graphite substrate have been␹଻㓷ੱ࡮⮮ᧄ㗅ᐔ : ‫ޟ‬GRACE/SUSY-loopࠍ↪޿ߚ

processes of a multiwalled carbon nanotube

2008ᐕ⑺ቄᄢળ⻠Ṷ᭎ⷐ㓸, 22pSM-8 2008.9

studied. We have first experimentally obtained

 GRACE/SUSY-loopࠍ↪޿ߡMSSMߦ߅ߌࠆ1࡞

the vertical force-distance curve with the charac-࡯ࡊ⵬ᱜࠍ฽ࠎߛsfermionߩ2૕፣უ᏷ߩ⸘▚ࠍ♽

teristic⒟ࠍ଀ߦ޽ߍࠆߣ㧘ᮡḰ⊛ߥSPA1ảࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲࠮

contact of the MWCNT shape during the peeling⛔⊛ߦⴕߞߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ਛߢstop1-> b chargino1 ߩㆊ

loop

which

exhibitsthemultistable states between line contact and point
processes.

࠶࠻ߦኻߒߡ㧘㔚ᒙ⵬ᱜ㧔86ࡈࠔࠗࡦࡑࡦ࿑㧕߇

10.5%㧘QCD⵬ᱜ㧔6ࡈࠔࠗࡦࡑࡦ࿑㧕߇㧙7.1%㧘

hystereistree⸘▚߆ࠄߩ⵬ᱜ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬⍹Ꮉ ⺈࡮ේ↰┥৻࡮૒‫ᧁޘ‬ᚑᦶ࡮ਃᶆᶈᴦ : ‫ޟ‬ജᬌ಴ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘㔚ᒙ⵬ᱜߩᣇ߇QCD⵬ᱜࠃࠅᄢ߈޿႐

ᯏ᭴ࠍ஻߃ߚࡑ࠾ࡘࡇ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦSEM‫ޠ‬, ⴫㕙⑼ቇ㧙㧙

 The atomic-scale wear, the formation process of

Vol.29, pp.713-715, 2008.11

the graphene during the lateral line scan process We have fabricated a manipulation system withof the nanoscale tip on the multi-layered gra-a force detection, which uses a self-detective can-phene substrate is studied by using molecular

tilever, in a chamber of a scanning electron mi-relaxation method. The nanotip is scanned in line

croscope. This system can simultaneously ma-

forward (along [1230] direction) and backward

nipulate a nanoparticle and detect a force needed

under the constant-height mode. Analysis of theto move it, a detective resolution of whichis ap-

effect of the tip height on the relative motion ofproximately 1 nN. In this work, nanoscale peelingthe nanotip, the 1st graphene layer, and the 2nd

processes of a multiwalled carbon nanotube

graphene layer, reveals the transition from the(MWCNT) on the graphite substrate have been

nanotip state to the graphene tip state. During

studied.

the nanotip state the mean lateral force <Fx>

N. Sasaki, H. Saitoh, N. Itamura, K. Miura㧦“Analysis

rapidly increases as the mean loading force <Fz>increases. Here the friction between the tip andof Lateral Orientation of Single-Walled Carbon

the surface occurs. However, during the graph-

Nanotube on Graphite”, e-J. Surf. Sci. Nanotechnol. 7,

eme tip state, <Fx> takes nearly the constant

pp.48-52, 2009.1

value independent of <Fz>. Here the internal㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦ࠣ࡜ࡈࠔࠗ࠻਄ߩනጀࠞ࡯ࡏࡦ࠽ࡁ࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉ

friction among the 1st, the 2nd and the 3rd

ߩ᳓ᐔ㈩ะߩ⸃ᨆ

grapheme layers occurs. The marked scan direc-

 We investigate the stable lateral orientation oftional dependence and the increase of <Fx> near

the single-walled carbon nanotube (SW-CNT)

the graphene edge appears. The irreversible shift

physically adsorbed onto the graphite substrateof the graphene layer after all the scan processes

surface using molecular mechanics simulation.

can explain the mechanism of the elementary

The system of the (3,3) armchair-type SW-CNT

process of the atomic-scale wear.

comprised of 198 carbon atoms with alength of
40.3 A interacting with the rigid graphene sheet
is considered. Effect of the initial lateral orienta-

N. Itamura, K. Miura, N. Sasaki 㧦 “Analysis oftion on the final lateral orientation is discussed.

Mechanism of Low Lateral Stiffness of Superlubric

orientations can be explained by analyzing the

pp.0302141-0302143, 2009.3

The stability of the initial and the final stableinteraction energy between the SW-CNT and theC60 Bearing System”, Jpn. J. of Appl. Phys. 48,

substrate, as a function of the rotational angle θ㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦⿥ẢṖC60ࡌࠕ࡝ࡦࠣࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩᓸዊ᳓ᐔ⎬SW-CNT, within the lateral (0001) plane of thethe superlubric C60 bearing system along theand the center position rc = (xc; yc) of theߐߩࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߩ⸃ᨆ

graphite substrate. Molecular mechanics simula-tions for the perfect substrate surface under thecondition T =0 give the final stable minima near
the initial states, instead of the atomic-scale
locking around the global minima.

N. Sasaki, H. Saitoh, K. Terada, N. Itamura, K. Miura㧦“Simulation of Atomic-Scale Wear of Graphite -Nanotip Induced Graphene Formation”, e-J. Surf. Sci.
Nanotechnol. 7, pp.173-180, 2009.3

㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦ࠣ࡜ࡈࠔࠗ࠻ߩේሶࠬࠤ࡯࡞៺⠻ߩࠪࡒࡘ࡟
࡯࡚ࠪࡦ - ࠽ࡁត㊎߇⺃⿠ߔࠆࠣ࡜ࡈࠚࡦᒻᚑ

㧙㧙

 The mechanism of the low lateral stiffness of[1010] direction, k_C60 , is studied and comparedwith that of the graphite system by static molecular mechanics simulation. It is clarified that

the C60 rotation and the elastic contact at theC60/graphite interface contribute to a decrease in
k_C60. Under low and high loading conditions,the elastic contact and C60-rotation plays a majorrole for the low k_C60 , respectively. Particularly
effect of the C60-rotation on the decrease of

k_C60 becomes markedly enhanced as the loading force increases.

P. Chutia, S. Kato, T. Kojima, S. Satokawa㧦“Synthesis

and characterization of Co(II) and Cu(II) supported

ing adsorption process.

complexes of 2-pyrazinecarboxylic acid for cyclohex-

P. Chutia, S. Kato, T. Kojima, S. Satokawa 㧦2zeolite”, J. Hazardous mater., 162, pp. 204-211, 2009.2

ene oxidation”, Polyhedron, 28, pp. 370-380, 2009.

㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦ᜂᜬCo(Τ), Cu(Τ)ࡇ࡜ࠫࡦࠞ࡞ࡏࡦ㉄㍲૕⸅ᇦߩวᚑߣࠪࠢࡠࡋࠠ࠮ࡦ㉄ൻ The complexes [Co(N^O)2] and [Cu(N^O)2]“Adsorption of As(V) on surfactant modified natural㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦⇇㕙ᵴᕈ೷ಣℂߒߚᄤὼ࠯ࠝ࡜ࠗ࠻ߦࠃࠆࡅ
⚛㧔Χ㧕ߩๆ⌕ Natural mordenite (NM), natural clinoptilolite(NC),{N^O = η2-(N,O) coordinated 2-pyrazinecarboxylic

HDTMA-modified

naturalmordenite(SMNM) and HDTMA-modified natural clinopti-acid} have been synthesized and characterized bylolite (SMNC) have been proposed for the removal

elemental (including metal) analyses, FT-IRof As(V) from aqueous solution (HDTMA= hexa-

spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. The

decyltrimethylammonium bromide). Pseudo-first-

catalytic activities of all the catalysts towards theorder model was applied to evaluate the As(V)oxidation of cyclohexene into different chemicallysorption kinetics on SMNM and SMNC within theand pharmaceutically important products werereaction time of 0.5 h. The pseudo-first-order rateevaluated under homogeneous and heterogeneous

constants k were 1.06 and 0.52 h−1 for 1 and 0.5 g

conditions. In order to obtain a maximum conversion of cyclohexene, the reaction parameters,of SMNM, respectively. The observed k values,

like reaction temperature and time, were opti-

1.28 and 0.70 h−1 for 1 and 0.5 g of SMNC, re-mized. Under the optimized conditions, a maxi-

spectively. were slightly higher tham those of

mum of 90.47% cyclohexene conversion was

SMNM. Surfactant surface coverage plays anachieved with [Cu(N^O)2]–Y with a 1:2 molar ra-important role and a significant increase in arsenate sorption capacity.

tio reaction of cyclohexene and H2O2.

P. Chutia, S. Kato, T. Kojima, S. Satokawa㧦“Arsenic

F. H. Margha, S. A. M. Abdel-Hameed, N. A. E.

lites”, J. Hazardous mater., 162, pp. 440-447, 2009.

behavior of new transparent glass-ceramics based on㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦วᚑ࠯ࠝ࡜ࠗ࠻ࠍ↪޿ߚ᳓ਛߩࡅ⚛㒰෰

624-631, 2008.5

adsorption from aqueous solution on synthetic zeo2

 The adsorption of arsenic from aqueous solutiononsynthetic

zeolites

H-MFI-24

and

H-MFI-90 with MFI topology has been investi-

Ghonim, S. Satokawa, T. Kojima 㧦 “Crystallization

barium borate glasses”, J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn., 116, pp.

㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦ᣂⷙ㉄ൻࡃ࡝࠙ࡓ㉄ൻࡎ࠙⚛♽ㅘ᣿ࠟ࡜ࠬ࠮
࡜ࡒ࠶ࠢࠬߩ⚿᥏ൻ᜼േ

gated at room temperature applying batch equilibrium techniques. The influences of different This paper comprises the preparation of somenewtransparent

and

very

fine

crystalsglass-ceramics from the BaO-B2O3 system bysorption parameters such as contact time, solu-

adding appropriate additive of fluorides, partial

perature were also studied thoroughly in order tocleating agents such as TiO2. Physical properties

tion pH, initial arsenic concentration and tem-

replacement of B2O3 by SiO2 and introducing nu-

optimize the reaction conditions. Adsorption per-of the prepared materials and their changes with

H-MFI-24 due to it’s highly mesoporous nature

treatment program were investigated. The di-formance of H-MFI-90 is higher compared towhich in turn accelerates the diffusion processduring adsorption. Ion exchange between ad-

sorbent’s terminal aluminol groups with different

predominant forms of arsenate in solution is oneof the various important reactions occurred dur-㧙㧙

varying the base glass composition or the heatelectric constant of transparent glass-ceramics

samples at 100 kHZ were between 14-20, which isvery suitable to many applications such as thehigh-speed switching of large-scale integrators.

K. Kunisawa, K. Urasaki, Y. Otsu, S. Kato, T. Kojima,

proposed a novel method to compensate for thesis over heterogeneous catalyst under moderate con-quantum efficiency of the CCD arrays, which has

wavelength dependence of sunlight and theS. Satokawa, “Decomposition of tristearin by ozonoly-

been ignored up to now. During laboratory ex-dition”, J. Jpn. Petrol. Inst. 51, pp.186-189, 2008.5

periments, a glass plate coated with an Al2O3 film㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦࿕૕⸅ᇦ਄ߢߩ࠻࡝ࠬ࠹ࠕ࡝ࡦߩࠝ࠱ࡦߦࠃ

has been employed instead of a real slick. Theࠆಽ⸃experimental

 Ozonolysis of triacylglycerol was carried out

over heterogeneous catalysts. The triacylglycerol

showedthat

detection

greatly on the angle of incidence.

was decomposed to some compounds with low
boiling points containing hydrocarbons, alde-results

probability depends on the sample thickness, andhydes, ketones, fatty acids and lactones over H-Y

Toshiaki Tsukuda, Chikamine Nishigataa, Kodai

products were strongly dependent on the proper-ofzeolite catalyst at 353-423 K. The amounts ofties of catalysts and reaction conditions.

K. Yonekura, L. Jin and K. Takizawa㧦“Measurementof dispersion of effective electro-optic coefficients r13

E

and r33E of non-doped congruent LiNbO3 crystal”, Jpn.

Araia and Taro Tsubomura㧦“Photophysical properties

r33

complexes

containing㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦ࡎࠬࡈࠖࡁࠠࡁ࡝ࡦ㈩૏ሶࠍ฽߻㌃(I)ߣ੝㋦㧔II㧕㍲૕ߩశ‛ℂ․ᕈ

r33Eߩᵄ㐳ಽᢔ․ᕈߩ᷹ቯ

 Effective electro-optic (EO) coefficients r13

zinc(II)

pp.7-12, 2009.1

㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦ࡁࡦ࠼࡯ࡊࠦࡦࠣ࡞ࠛࡦ࠻LiNbO3⚿᥏ߩታല
߅ࠃ߮

and

phosphinoquinoline ligands”, Polyhedron, vol.28, No.1,

J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 48 No.7, pp.5503-5508 ,2008.7⊛㔚᳇శቇଥᢙr13E

copper(I)E and

E in the wavelength range 409-3390 nm were

measured for non-doped congruent LiNbO3 crys-tal under constant stress by using the multiple
reflection interference method. Wavelength dis- Several copper(I) and zinc(II) complexes with
8-(diphenylphosphino)quinoline(PPh2qn)or

8-diphenylphosphinoquinaldine (PPh2qna) havebeen prepared. These ligands contain both imine

and phosphine moieties, which can act as coordinating groups. X-ray analysis of the Cu(I) com-

plexes reveals that [Cu(PPh2qn)2]PF6 (Cu-1) and[Cu(PPh2qn)2]PF6 (Cu-2), coordinated by two

PPh2qn and PPh2qna ligands respectively, arepersion equations were obtained based on theobtained. In the Zn(II) complexes, a structural

cients are related to the change of the refractive[ZnBr2(PPh2qn)] (Zn-2) and [ZnI2(PPh2qn)] (Zn-3)

experimental data. Since the effective EO coeffiindex due to the EO effect and the change of the

study

shows

that

[ZnCl2(PPh2qn)](Zn-1),are coordinated by one PPh2qn ligand and two of

crystal length due to the inverse piezoelectric ef-

the corresponding halogeno ligands (Cl−, Br− andvery important parameters for designing opticalescence which is assigned to a 3MLCT transition

fect in the crystal under the constant stress, it isI−). In the solid state Cu-1 and Cu-2 show lumin-

devices working in the low-frequency region.

involving π* of the quinoline group, as shown in

K. Takizawa, L. Jin, Y. Yoshida and K. Yonekura㧦

the reduced bulkiness of the coordination sphere“Performance of a television camera system for thedetection of oil slicks”, Op. Eng. ,Vol.47, No.9, pp.
093801-1̆093801-8, 2008.9

㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦ᴤ⤑ᬌ಴↪࠹࡟ࡆࠞࡔ࡜ߩᕈ⢻ We performed some laboratory experiments toevaluate a television camera system for sensing

oil slicks. This system captures the marked dif-ferences in intensity of sunlight reflected from thesurface of the sea and from the slick. We also㧙㧙

the [Cu(dmp)(diphosphine)]+ complexes; due toaround the copper atom, no emission is observedin solution. Zn-1 shows a similar emission band tothat of free PPh2qn at both room temperature and77 K. It suggests the emission bands should be
assigned to a ligand-centered (LC) transition. In

the solid state, it is found that the emissive en-ergy of the complexes shift to lower energy andthe energy depends on the halogeno ligands in thezinc complexes.

ဝ᧛ᄥ㇢࡮ ૈ ବ᣿࡮ ᧻ᧄஜม㧦‫⊒ޟ‬శᕈ d10ㆫ⒖㊄

ዻ㍲૕‫ޠ‬㧘Bulletin of Japan Society of Coordination
Chemistry, vol.52, pp.29-42, 2008.11

The study in the area of luminescent d10 com-

N. Taniguchi, Y. Ito, S. Hase : “Dual-gradient HPLC

for identification of cytosolic high mannose-type freeglycan”,

Analytical

pp.224-232, 2008. 10

Biochemistry

Vol.381,No.2,

plexes has been developing rapidly. The metals㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦࠺ࡘࠕ࡞ࠣ࡜࠺ࠖࠛࡦ࠻HPLCߦࠃࠆ⚦⢩⾰d-shell, therefore the nature of the complexes arederived from N-linked glycans accumulate in the



with

d10

electronic configuration have a closedㆆ㔌♧㎮ߩหቯ

quite different from regular transition metal

complexes. The complexes show a diversity of theelectronic excited states. This paper reviews the It has been shown that free oligosaccharides

cytosol of animal cells. Most of the glycans have
only a single GlcNAc at their reducing termini(Gn1 glycans), whereas the original N-glycans

characteristic nature of the d10 metal complexes

retain N,N′-diacetylchitobiose at their reducing

gold(I), nickel(0), palladium(0) and platinum(0)high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

with interesting examples. Copper(I), silver(I),complexes are discussed. Luminescent copper(I)complexes are classified into two groups; the firstincludes the complexes bearing halogen ligands,
and the second have no halogen ligands. In thesecond group, the complexes with phosphine anddiimine type ligands are mainly discussed. As forthe silver(I) and gold(I) complexes, multinuclear
complexes are mostly described. For the palla-

dium(0) and platinum(0) complexes, although asmall number of works have been published so far,some interesting studies including our works
have been described. In addition to the recent

studies on the photophysical properties of thecomplexes, some applications are described inthis review.

T. Suzuki, I. Matsuo, K. Totani, S. Funayama, J. Seino,

termini (Gn2 glycans). Under the conditions ofmapping established for pyridylamine (PA)- labeled Gn2 N-glycans, Gn1 glycans are not wellretained on reversed-phase HPLC, making simultaneous analysis of Gn1 and Gn2 glycans

problematic. We introduced a dual gradient (i.e.,
pH and butanol gradient) for the separation of
Gn1 and Gn2 glycans in a single reversed-phase

HPLC. Determination of elution time for various
standard Gn2 high-mannose-type glycans, as wellas Gn1 glycans found in the cytosol of animal cells,
showed that elution of Gn1 and Gn2 glycans could

be separated. Sufficient separation for most of thestructural isomers could be achieved for Gn1 and

Gn2 glycans. This HPLC, therefore, is a powerful
method for identification of the structures of
PA-labeled glycans, especially Gn1-type glycans,isolated from the cytosol of animal cells.

ᖱ ႎ ⑼ ቇ ⑼ᳰ਄ᢕሶ㧘᫪↰㓳ผ㧘ጊญᜏ⌀㧘⩵࿾ ਒㧘ਛጊ೑ብ㧘೑↪น⢻⚻〝ߩਛߢᦨ߽቟޿⚻〝ࠍ೑↪ߒߚߣߺߥᄢୖరብ㧦‫ޟ‬㋕㆏ㆇ⾓⸘▚ߩߚ߼ߩᦨ቟ㆇ⾓⚻〝ត⚝࡮ⶄߒ㧘ߘߩㆇ⾓ࠍណ↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇৻⥸⊛ߢ޽ࠆ‫߆ߒޕ‬ࠨ࡯࠴ቇળ๺ᢥ⺰ᢥ⹹, Vol.51, pp.1-24, 2008.12

ߒ㧘㋕㆏ㆇ⾓ߪ㧘ၮᧄ⊛ߦߪ‫〒ޟ‬㔌߇㐳ߊߥࠇ߫ߥᢙߩ㋕㆏ળ␠ࠍ฽߻႐ว -‫ޠ‬㧘ᣣᧄࠝࡍ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ࠭࡮࡝

ࠆ߶ߤ㜞ߊ‫⸳ߦ߁ࠃࠆߥޠ‬ቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߩ㧘ห ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘ㆇ⾓⸳ቯߩ⇣ߥࠆⶄᢙߩ㋕㆏ળ␠ࠍߓ〒㔌ߢ߽㧘ળ␠ߦࠃߞߡ⇣ߥࠆᢱ㊄߇⸳ቯߐࠇߡ฽߻㋕㆏ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ਄ߩㆇ⾓⸘▚ࠍᱜ⏕߆ߟ㜞ㅦ޿ࠆߎߣ߿㧘ਸ਼ゞ඙㑆ߦࠃߞߡഀᒁ࡞࡯࡞߿․೎ㆇ

ߦⴕ߃ࠆࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ⴫⃻ߣࠕ࡞ࠧ࡝࠭ࡓߦߟ޿ߡ⾓߇⸳ቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣߥߤ߆ࠄ㧘‛ℂ⊛〒㔌ߦၮႎ๔ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㋕㆏ㆇ⾓ߪ㧘೑↪⠪ߩਸ਼ゞ⚻〝߇᣿ࠄ߆ߠߊ࡚ࠪ࡯࠹ࠬ࠻ࡄࠬ߇ᦨ߽቟޿⚻〝ߦߥࠆࠊߌߢ

ߢ޽ࠆߣ߈㧘ᄙߊߩ႐ว㧘ߘߩ⚻〝ߦ฽߹ࠇࠆฦ㋕ߪߥ޿‫ߡߞࠃޕ‬㧘ਈ߃ࠄࠇߚ2㚞㑆ߩᱜߒ޿ㆇ⾓ࠍ㆏ળ␠߇ቯ߼ߚㆇ⾓ࠍ⿷ߒวࠊߖࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡᓧ

⸘▚ߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ㧘ߘߩ2㚞㑆ߩน⢻⚻〝ߩㆇ⾓ࠍࠄࠇࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ㧘೑↪⠪ߩਸ਼ゞ⚻〝߇᣿⏕ߢߥ޿႐ว㧘ߔߴߡ㧘߽ߒߊߪ㧘ߘߩ1ㇱࠍ೉᜼ߒߡᲧセ್ᢿߔ㧙㧙

The performance of the methods with non-normalࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߎߣ߇ߎࠇ߹ߢߦ߽ႎ๔ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬data (i.e. mixture of responders and non-re-ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘‛ℂ⊛᭴ㅧߦၮߠߊࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ਄ߢ

sponders) is also examined.

ߩ⚻〝ត⚝ࠍⴕ߁ઍࠊࠅߦ㧘࠳ࠗࠢࠬ࠻࡜ᴺ߇೑↪
น⢻ߥㆇ⾓⸘▚↪ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢࠍ᭴▽ߒ㧘࠳ࠗࠢࠬ࠻ ࡜ ᴺ ߣ 㧘 ዋ ߥ ޿ ࠤ ࡯ ࠬ ߢ ߪ ޽ ࠆ ߇ K-shortest

ᐔ㊁ືᄦ࡮ጤፒ ቇ㧦‫( ࠯࡯࠽ࠥࡠࡅ࠺㉄੃ޟ‬LD) ᵴᕈpaths ໧㗴↪ߩࠕ࡞ࠧ࡝࠭ࡓࠍ೑↪ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃ᷹ ቯ ߩ ⥋ ㆡ ᧦ ઙ ߩ Response Surface Methodologyࠅ㧘ⶄᢙ␠ࠍ฽߻㋕㆏ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢㆇ⾓⸘▚ߩᄢ᏷

292-299㧚2008.7

ߥ㜞ㅦൻߦᚑഞߒߚ‫ޕ‬(RSM) ߩᔕ↪ߩ⹜ߺ‫ޠ‬㧘⥃ᐥൻቇ㧘Vol. 37㧘No. 3㧘pp.

 ੃㉄࠺ࡅࡠࠥ࠽࡯࠯ (LD) ᵴᕈ᷹ቯߩ⥋ㆡ᧦ઙጊญᜏ⌀㧘⩵࿾ ਒㧘᫪↰㓳ผ㧘ਛጊ೑ብ㧘Ꮉ਄༑ਭ㧘ߩត⚝ߢߪ㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢ޿ߊߟ߆ߩᚻᴺ߇ឭ᩺ߐࠇߡ

ᳰ਄ᢕሶ㧦‫ޟ‬ICᤨઍߩ㜞ㅦߢᨵエߥㆇ⾓⸘▚ࠛࡦࠫࡦ‫ޠ‬㧘߈ߚ߇㧘ߤࠇ߽ߘߩㆡ↪ߦߪኾ㐷⊛ߥᛛⴚࠍᔅⷐߣ

╙45࿁㋕㆏ࠨࠗࡃࡀ࡮ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓ⺰ᢥ㓸㧘pp.1-5㧘ߒ㧘◲ଢߥ߽ߩߣߪ⸒޿㔍߆ߞߚ‫ߪߢߎߎޕ‬㧘ታ㛎

2008.11⸘↹ᴺߦ߅ߌࠆ⛔⸘ᚻᴺߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆᔕ╵ᦛ㕙ᴺ ᧄ⺰ᢥߢߪ㧘ICᤨઍߦᔅⷐߣߐࠇࠆ㜞ㅦߢᨵエߥ(RSM) ࠍ↪޿ࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅᲧセ⊛ኈᤃߦ⥋ㆡ᧦ઙㆇ⾓⸘▚ࠛࡦࠫࡦߣ㧘ߎࠇࠍ↪޿ߚㆇ⾓⸘▚߳ߩା㗬ᕈߦኻߔࠆขࠅ⚵ߺߦߟ޿ߡㅀߴࠆ‫ޕ‬2001ᐕߦ㚂ࠍត⚝ߔࠆᣇᴺࠍ⚫੺ߒ㧘ታ㓙ߩ࠺࡯࠲ߦᒰߡߪ߼

ㇺ࿤ߦ߅޿ߡSuica߇ዉ౉ߐࠇߡ߆ࠄ㕖ធ⸅ဳICࠞ

ᐔ㊁ືᄦ࡮ጤፒ ቇ㧦‫ޟ‬Excelߦࠃࠆᔕ╵ᦛ㕙ᴺ (RSM) ߩ࡯࠼ߩ೑ଢᕈ߇⹺⼂ߐࠇ㧘ਸ਼ゞ೛ߩICࠞ࡯࠼ൻ߇ో
࿖ߦᐢ߇ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ઁ␠〝✢ߣߩ⋧੕ㆇ↪߽ߚ⚿ᨐࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬⸃ᨆ (II)‫ޠ‬㧘⥃ᐥൻቇ㧘Vol. 37㧘No. 3㧘pp. 308-316㧚2008.7

 ታ㛎⸘↹ᴺߩ৻ᚻᴺߢ޽ࠆᔕ╵ᦛ㕙ᴺ (RSM) ࠍ᜛ᄢ௑ะߦ޽ࠅ㧘ߔߢߦⶄ㔀ߥ㚂ㇺ࿤ߩ㋕㆏✂߇ߐMicrosoft Excelߩಽᨆ࠷࡯࡞ࠍ↪޿ߡ◲නߦᛒ߃ࠄߦⶄ㔀ߦߥࠆߎߣ߇ᗐቯߐࠇࠆ‫ᧄޕ‬Ⓜߢߪ㧘ⶄ㔀

ࠆᣇᴺࠍ⚫੺ߒߚ‫㉄੃ޕ‬⣕᳓⚛㉂⚛ (LD) ᵴᕈ᷹ቯൻߒߡ޿ࠆㆇ⾓⸘▚ߦኻߒߡ⪺⠪ࠄ߇ឭ᩺ߒߡ߈ߚᦨ቟ㆇ⾓⚻〝ត⚝ߩᚻᴺࠍ⚫੺ߒ㧘ߎࠇࠍࡌ࡯ࠬߣ

൘๔ᴺ㨇੃㉄ (L) ψࡇ࡞ࡆࡦ㉄ (P) ෻ᔕ㨉ߦ߅ߌߒߚㆇ⾓⸘▚ࠛࡦࠫࡦߩታ↪ൻߦ߅ߌࠆ⺖㗴ߣߘߩࠆ੃㉄߅ࠃ߮NAD㧗Ớᐲߩ⥋ㆡ᧦ઙታ㛎⚿ᨐࠍ଀

⸃᳿ᣇᴺߦߟ޿ߡㅀߴࠆ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬㧘ା㗬ᕈߩ⛽ᜬ࡮ᬌቯߩᜰᮡߣߒߡ㧘PRESSᱷᏅ㧘studentizedᱷᏅ㧘ߦߣࠅRSMߩㆡ↪ࠍ⹜ߺߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘࿁Ꮻࡕ࠺࡞ㆡว

ะ਄ߦኻߔࠆขࠅ⚵ߺߣߒߡ㧘ⶄᢙߩ⇣ߥࠆㆇ⾓⸘R-student㧘Cp⛔⸘㊂߅ࠃ߮CookߩᮡḰ〒㔌ߥߤࠍ▚ࠛࡦࠫࡦࠍਗ೉Ⓙേߒ㧘Fault Tolerantᛛⴚߩ߭ߣߟߢ޽ࠆn-version programming ࠍขࠅ౉ࠇߚ
ߎߣߦߟ޿ߡㅀߴࠆ‫ޕ‬Abe, T. and Iwasaki, M.: “ Evaluation of statisticalmethods for analysis of small-sample longitudinalขࠅ਄ߍߚ‫ޕ‬
Kawata, Y. and Iwasaki, M. : “Assessment of

non-normality in pretest-posttest research underscreening of the pretest score”, Journal of the Japa-

clinical trials with dropouts”, Journal of the Japanesenese Society of Computational Statistics, Vol. 21, No.

1-18. 2008.6

㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦ಣ⟎೨୯ߦࠬࠢ࡝࡯࠾ࡦࠣ߇޽ࠆ႐วߩಣ⟎㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦⣕⪭ࠍ઻߁ዊᮡᧄߩ⚻ᤨ᷹ቯ⥃ᐥ⹜㛎࠺࡯࠲೨ᓟ⎇ⓥߦ߅ߌࠆ㕖ᱜⷙᕈߩ⹏ଔ

Society of Computational Statistics, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp.

1, pp. 31-44. 2009.1

ߩ⛔⸘⸃ᨆᴺߩ⹏ଔ In longitudinal clinical trials missing data oc-

cur mainly because of dropouts. Such incomplete
data are often analyzed by using completer

analysis and/or LOCF (Last Observation Carried

Forward). In this paper, we evaluate the per-formance of four imputation methods for themultiple imputations contrasted with completer
analysis and LOCF via Monte-Carlo simulations.

㧙㧙

 In pretest-posttest designs, screening is often
performed on the baseline values to determine
whether or not subjects are enrolled to the study.
Even if the pretest and posttest scores jointly fol-

low a bivariate normal distribution, the screening
on pretest score surely depart from the normality

assumption. This paper examines the extent of
non-normality caused by screening on the pretest

scores. Under a bivariate normal distribution forpretest and posttest scores, departures fromnormality are assessed in terms of the Kull-ឭ᩺ߔࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ⅣႺߢߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡒࡦࠣߪ, ࡆࠫࡘdistributions for some several types of screeningࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡒࡦࠣࠍ⍮ࠄߥ޿ሶଏߢ߽૶↪ߢ߈, ࡠࡏ

back-Leibler divergence, skewness and kurtosis ofࠕ࡞ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡒࡦࠣߣߥࠆߚ߼, ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ࡌ࡯ࠬߩ

schemes.

࠶࠻ࠍ⥄ಽߩᕁ߁ࠃ߁ߦേ߆ߒߚ޿ੱߔߴߡ߇ኻ⽎࡙࡯ࠩߣߥࠆ‫⹜ޕ‬૞ⅣႺߪ,࡟ࠧ␠ߩ Mindstorms

NXT ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫⺰ᧄޕ‬ᢥߢߪ, න⚐ߥ଀ߦࠃ

S.Okamoto, M. Kamada, and T. Yonekura : “Prototyping

Tool

for

Web-based

Multiuserࠆࡠࡏ࠶࠻ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ⸥ㅀജߦߟ޿ߡ␜ߒ, ታ㓙

Onlineߩࡠࡏ࠶࠻ࠦ࡯࠼߳ߩᄌ឵଀ࠍ␜ߔߎߣߢ, ឭ᩺Ⅳ

Role-Playing Game”, IEICE Transactions on Informa-Ⴚߩ᦭↪ᕈߦߟ޿ߡㅀߴࠆ‫ޕ‬tion and Systems, Special Section on Human Communication III, Vol.E91-D, No.6, pp.1700 - 1703,
2008.6

 This letter proposes a prototyping tool for
Web-based Multiuser Online Role-Playing Game

(MORPG). The design goal is to make this toolዊ⧎⡛ノ, ጟᧄ⑲テ, ㎨↰ ⾫, ☨ୖ㆐ᐢ:‫ޟ‬MORPGߦ߅ߌࠆࠨ࡯ࡃ⽶⩄ಽᢔᚻᴺߩᬌ⸛‫ޠ‬㧘 㔚ሶᖱႎㅢାቇળ2⒳ ⎇ ⓥ ળ ࠨ ࠗ ࡃ ࡯ ࡢ ࡯ ࡞ ࠼ (CW) ╙ 11 ࿁ ⎇ ⓥ ળ ,pp.7-11,2008.12

 Web ࡌ࡯ࠬߩⶄᢙࡊ࡟ࠗࡗෳടဳࠝࡦ࡜ࠗࡦ

simple and powerful. The tool is comprised of aRPGߦ߅ߌࠆࠨ࡯ࡃߩ⽶⩄ಽᢔߩᚻᴺߦߟ޿ߡឭ

ment.

᩺ߔࠆ‫ᧄޕ‬ឭ᩺ߪ, ⶄᢙบߩࠨ࡯ࡃߦࠃࠆ⽶⩄ಽᢔ

GUI editor, a translator and a runtime environTheGUI

editor

is

used

to

edit

ߣ‫ߩࠖ࠹࡝ࡆࠩ࡯࡙ޕ‬ะ਄ࠍ⋡ᮡߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ࡠࡉޕ‬state-transition diagrams, each of which defines࡯࠼ࡃࡦ࠼ࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻ធ⛯ⅣႺߩ৻⥸⊛ߥ᥉෸the behavior of the fictional characters. The

߿JavaScriptߩ㜞ㅦൻ,Ajax ㅢାᛛⴚߥߤߦࠃࠅ

Webࡌ࡯ࠬߩࠕࡊ࡝ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߪߘߩᢙࠍჇ߿ߒߡ

state-transition diagrams are translated into C

program codes, which plays the role of a game޿ࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬, MORPG ߦ߅޿ߡߪ, ࠨ࡯ࡃߦኻߔ

includes PHP, JavaScript with Ajax and HTML.

ࠆࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ㓸ਛߣ㜞޿ㅢା㗫ᐲߦࠃࠆ࡙࡯ࠩࡆ࡝࠹

engine in RPG system. The runtime environmentࠖߩૐਅ߇໧㗴ߣߥࠆ‫ᧄޕ‬ឭ᩺ߢߪ, ⶄᢙบߩࠨ࡯

So the prototype system can be played on theusual Web browser, such as Firefox, Safari and IE.

ࡃߦኻߒ, ಽഀߒߚࠥ࡯ࡓ㗔ၞࠍഀࠅᒰߡࠆࡎ࡯ࡓ

browser sends it to the Web server to refrect itsࠍታⵝߒേ૞ߩ⏕⹺ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ߩ⠨߃ߣ, േ⊛ߥࡎ࡯ࡓߩ⒖േࠍዉ౉ߒߚࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ

On a click or key press by a player, the Web
consequence on the screens which other players

are looking at. Prospected users of this tool in-㆙⮮ਭᘮ࡮ጟፒᐽᐢ࡮ጤ↰⍮ᵗ࡮㑐ᚭ㗀ሶ࡮ᰞ੗ ൎ࡮

The knowledge or skill of any specific program-ㄼᴺߩᬌ⸛‫ޠ‬㧘ᣣᧄ⥃ᐥᢇᕆකቇળ㔀⹹ ೎ౠ ᣣ⥃ᢇᕆstate-transition diagrams. Its structure is not ߽ߒᕆߦੱ߇ୟࠇߡ߽ߔߋߦᢇᕆゞ߇೔⌕ߔࠆߣ

clude programming novices and schoolchildren.
ming

languagesisnotrequiredtocreateዊญ༑⟤ᄦ㧦‫ߚߒ↪૶ࠍࡖ࠴ࡊ ࡖࠠࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯ࡕޟ‬⢷㛽࿶කળ⹹㧘Vol.12㧘No.1㧘pp.8-16㧘2009.1

ߪ㒢ࠄߥ޿ߚ߼㧘ᢇ๮ߩ㓙㧘ലᨐ⊛ߥ⢷㛽࿶ㄼߣ

only suitable for the definition of a character be-

AEDߦࠃࠆ㒰⚦േ߇ᦨ߽㊀ⷐߥಣ⟎ߣߥࠆ‫ߦ․ޕ‬⢷stand. Therefore, the users can easily create㛽࿶ㄼߪ․೎ߥౕེࠍᔅⷐߣߖߕ㧘ᔃ஗ᱛᤨߦⴊਛ

havior but also intuitive to help novices underWeb-based MORPG system with the tool.

㉄⚛ಽ࿶߇⛽ᜬߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ∝଀ߢߪᭂ߼ߡ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘႐วߦࠃߞߡߪ㧘ࡃࠗࠬ࠲ࡦ࠳ߪ㐳ᤨ㑆ߩ⢷㛽࿶ㄼࠍⴕࠊߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߕ㧘ߘߩߚ߼ߦߪല

┻ේ㓁㆏࡮ጟᧄ⑲テ࡮㎨↰ ⾫࡮☨ୖ㆐ᐢ:‫ޟ‬㓏ጀ᭴ㅧࠍ₸⊛ߥ⢷㛽࿶ㄼ߇ᔅⷐߣߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬߽ߟ⁁ᘒㆫ⒖࿑ߦၮߠߊࡠࡏ࠶࠻೙ᓮࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡒࡦࠣⅣ ᧄ⺰ᢥߢߪ㧘ᾫ✵⠪߇ⴕ߁⢷㛽࿶ㄼߪല₸⊛ߢ޽Ⴚߩឭ᩺‫ޠ‬,㔚ሶᖱႎㅢାቇળ๺ᢥ⺰ᢥ⹹Dࠨࠗࡃ࡯ࡢ࡯
࡞࠼․㓸ภ,Vol.J91-D, No.12, pp.2857 - 2860, 2008.12

ࠆߎߣࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒ㧘ߘߩ਄ߢ⢷㛽࿶ㄼᤨߩല₸⊛േ૞ߣ㕖ല₸⊛േ૞ߩ⋧㆑ὐߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߒ㧘ല₸ ⁁ᘒㆫ⒖࿑ࠍ㓏ጀ⊛ߦᜰቯߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ, ࡠࡏ⊛ߥ࿶ㄼേ૞ߦኻߔࠆ㊀ⷐὐ㧔ࡐࠗࡦ࠻㧕ࠍ᛽಴ߒ࠶࠻ߩേ૞೙ᓮࠍน⢻ߣߔࠆࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡒࡦࠣⅣႺࠍߚ‫ࠍ࠻ࡦࠗࡐߩߎޕ‬㕖ᾫ✵⠪ߦᜰዉߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ

㧙㧙

digitalization of home electrical equipment e.g.

ലᨐ⊛ߢ߆ߟല₸⊛ߥ⢷㛽࿶ㄼࠍ⠌ᓧߐߖࠆߎߣ߇

digital cameras and hard disc recorders. Theseߢ߈ࠆ߆ࠍ⹜ߺߚ‫ޕ‬

trends will encourage the emergence of the next ⢷㛽࿶ㄼᴺߦᾫ✵ߒߚⵍ㛎⠪㧔ᢇᕆᢇ๮჻6ฬ㧕

generation home network. In this paper, we in-ߣ⚻㛎ߩᵻ޿ⵍ㛎⠪㧔6ฬ㧕ߦᔃ⢖⯃↢✵⠌↪ੱᒻ

troduce the next generation home network imageߦኻߔࠆ⢷㛽࿶ㄼࠍታᣉߐߖ㧘ࡕ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠠࡖࡊ࠴

and describe the five domains into which homeࡖߥߤߩฦ⒳ᯏེࠍ↪޿ㅪ⛯ߒߚ⢷㛽࿶ㄼਛߩ⢀ߩ

devices can be classified. We then clarify the op-ⷺᐲ㧘╭ᵴേ㊂㧘࿶ㄼߩᷓߐ㧘࿶ㄼߩ࿁ᢙߩᄌേߦ

timum medium with which to configure the net-ߟ޿ߡ᷹ቯߒߚ‫ޕ‬

work given the requirements imposed by the ߘߩ⚿ᨐ㧘ᾫ✵⠪ߪ㕖ᾫ✵⠪ߦኻߒ㧘᣿ࠄ߆ߦല

home environment. Wiring cable lengths for three₸⊛ߥ⢷㛽࿶ㄼࠍⴕߞߡ޿ߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬േ૞ߩࡐࠗࡦ࠻

network topologies are calculated. The results߇‫ޟ‬⢀ߩⷺᐲߩ࿕ቯ‫ߣࠆ޽ߦޠ‬⠨߃ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬㕖ᾫ✵gained from the next generation home network⠪ߦኻߒ⢀ࠍ‫ߋߔߞ߹ޟ‬િ߫ߔࠃ߁‫ߦޠ‬ญ㗡ߢୃᱜ

implemented on the first phase testbed are shown.

ᜰዉߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘ኈᤃߦᾫ✵⠪ߣห╬ߩ⢷㛽࿶Finally, our conclusions are given.

ㄼߦᡷༀߐࠇ㧘૛⸘ߥ╭⡺ࠍ૶߁ߎߣߥߊ㧘ലᨐ⊛ߢ߹ߚല₸⊛ߥ⢷㛽࿶ㄼࠍታᣉߐߖࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߣ

⦡Ꮉᕺℂ࡮⍹ጟ⑲ၮ࡮↲᢫ቬᓼ㧦‫ࡦ࡝࡯ࡘࠫࠤࠬࠢࠬ࠲ޟ‬ߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬
ᴡ㊁⟵ᐢ 㧘 ች ↰᣽ᑝ 㧘 Ⴅ  ᄢ㧘 ☨ ୖ ㆐ ᐢ㧘‫ ޟ‬Dead

Reckoningࠍ↪޿ߚ࡝ࠕ࡞࠲ࠗࡓWebࠥ࡯ࡓߩ⸳⸘ߣ⹏

ࠣߩߚ߼ߩGUI࠷࡯࡞ߩ㐿⊒‫ޠ‬㧘ᚑくᄢቇℂᎿቇ⎇ⓥႎ๔,Vol.45, No.1, pp.5-12, 2008.6

ଔ‫ޠ‬㧘㔚ሶᖱႎㅢାቇળ⺰ᢥ⹹Dಽౠ㧘Vol.91-D, No.12,
pp.2833-2843, 2008.12

 ࡑ࡞࠴ࡊࡠ࠮࠶ࠨࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߢ࠲ࠬࠢ㓸วࠍㆡಾߦ
⽶⩄ಽᢔߒಣℂߩ㜞ㅦൻࠍታ⃻ߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ㧘ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߆ࠄല₸⊛ߦਗ೉ታⴕน⢻ߥ☸ᐲߩ࠲ࠬࠢࠍ ㄭᐕ㧘ࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻਄ߢേ૞ߔࠆࠝࡦ࡜ࠗࡦࠥ

᛽಴ߒ㧘ߘࠇࠄߩ࠲ࠬࠢࠍࡊࡠ࠮࠶ࠨߦㆡಾߦഀࠅ

࡯ࡓߩᏒ႐߇ᕆㅦߦ᥉෸ߒߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ߦ․ޕ‬㧘ࠕࠢᒰߡࠆࠬࠤࠫࡘ࡯࡝ࡦࠣᚻᴺ߇㊀ⷐߥࠠ࡯ࡐࠗࡦ࠻

࡚ࠪࡦࠥ࡯ࡓ߿ࠬࡐ࡯࠷ࠥ࡯ࡓߥߤߩࠃ߁ߦ㜞޿࡝ߦߥࠆ‫ࠣࡦ࡝࡯ࡘࠫࠤࠬࠢࠬ࠲ߩߎޕ‬໧㗴ߪᒝNPࠕ࡞࠲ࠗࡓᕈ߇ⷐ᳞ߐࠇࠆࠕࡊ࡝ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߦ߅޿

࿎㔍ߥࠢ࡜ࠬߦዻߔ⚵ߺวࠊߖᦨㆡൻ໧㗴ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߡߪ㧘ㅢାㆃᑧ㧘ㅢାᏪၞߩ໧㗴߇㗼⪺ߢ޽ࠆ‫ᧄޕ‬ᄢⷙᮨ࠲ࠬࠢࠣ࡜ࡈߦ߅޿ߡోត⚝ߦၮߠߊࠕ࡞ࠧ

⺰ᢥߢߪ㧘⃻࿷ᐢߊ᥉෸ߒߡ޿ࠆWeb਄ߩAjaxࠪࠬ࡝࠭ࡓߩߺߢᦨㆡ⸃ࠍ᳞߼ࠆߎߣߪ੐ታ਄࿎㔍ߢ޽࠹ࡓߦ⌕⋡ߒ㧘࡙࡯ࠩ߇Webࡉ࡜࠙䉱䉕ㅢ䈚䈩◲න䈮ࠆ‫߼ߚߩߘޕ‬ㆡಾߥࡅࡘ࡯࡝ࠬ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢࠍዉ౉ߒߡ㧘೑↪䈪䈐䉎䊥䉝䊦䉺䉟䊛Web䉭䊷䊛䈱ታ⃻น⢻ᕈ䉕⠨ታ↪⊛ߥᤨ㑆ౝߢᦨㆡ߹ߚߪㄭૃ⸃ࠍ᳞߼ࠆࠬࠤࠫ

ኤ䈜䉎䇯╩⠪䉌䈲ᣢ䈮䈖䈱⒳䈱ಽᢔ઒ᗐⅣႺ䈱ⷐ⚛ᛛࡘ࡯࡝ࡦࠣᚻᴺࠍ᭴▽ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠅ㧘ߎߩࠬࠤࠫ

ⴚ䈫䈚䈩䋬⁛⥄䈱Dead Reckoning (DR)ᚻᴺ䉕ឭ᩺䈚ࡘ࡯࡝ࡦࠣᚻᴺߩ⦟ߒᖡߒ߇ਗ೉ಣℂߩല₸ࠍᏀฝ䈩䈇䉎䇯䈠䈖䈪䋬䊥䉝䊦䉺䉟䊛Web䉭䊷䊛䈮䈍䈔䉎HTTPߔࠆ৻࿃ߣߥࠆ‫ߩࡓ࠭࡝ࠧ࡞ࠕߩߎޕ‬᭴▽ߦߪ࠲ࠬㅢା䈱೙㒢䉕స᦯䈜䉎䈢䉄䋬DR䉕ዉ౉䈚䈠䈱ታ⃻ᕈ䉕ࠢࠣ࡜ࡈߩᒻ⁁߿ᥳቯ⸃ߩ⷗⋥ߒߦࠃࠆࡅࡘ࡯࡝ࠬ

⹏ଔ䈚䈢䇯䈠䈱⚿ᨐ䋬ឭ᩺ᚻᴺ䈲᭽䇱䈭⒳㘃䈱䊥䉝䊦䉺࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢߩ෻ᓳ⊛⠨ኤ߇ਇนᰳߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥ᧪ߪ࠲ࠬ

䉟䊛Web䉝䊒䊥䉬䊷䉲䊢䊮䈮ㆡ↪น⢻䈪䈅䉎䈖䈫䈏⏕⹺ࠢࠣ࡜ࡈ߿ࠟࡦ࠻࠴ࡖ࡯࠻ࠍੱᚻߢ૞ᚑߒߡ⠨ኤߒ䈘䉏䈢䇯ߡ޿ߚ߇㧘ᄙᢙߩ࠲ࠬࠢ㓸วࠍ᧚ᢱߦߒߡࠬࠤࠫࡘ

S. Terada, Y. Kakishima, D. Hanawa, and K. Oguchi :࡯࡝ࡦࠣࠕ࡞ࠧ࡝࠭ࡓࠍ✵ࠅ਄ߍࠆߚ߼㧘ᄢ޿ߦᚻ“Physical Configuration of the Next Generation Home㑆ߣᤨ㑆߇߆߆ࠆ⁁ᴫߦ޽ߞߚ‫⺰ᧄߢߎߘޕ‬ᢥߢߪ㧘

No.7, pp.2169-2177, 2008.7

࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢࠍ⠨ኤߔࠆᚻഥߌߣߔࠆߚ߼ߦ࠲ࠬࠢࠣ࡜

Network”, IEICE Trans. Communications, Vol. E91-B,

ࠬࠤࠫࡘ࡯࡝ࡦࠣࠕ࡞ࠧ࡝࠭ࡓ߿ᔅⷐߥࡅࡘ࡯࡝ࠬ

ࡈߣࠟࡦ࠻࠴ࡖ࡯࠻ࠍ⥄േߢ⴫␜ߒ㧘ᥳቯ⸃ߩ⷗⋥㇌ᢥ㗴⋡ : ᰴ਎ઍ䊖䊷䊛䊈䉾䊃䊪䊷䉪䈮䈍䈔䉎‛ℂ✂᭴ᚑThe number of broadband users is rapidly increasing worldwide. Japan already has over 10

million FTTH users. Another trend is the rapid㧙㧙

ߒߦ઻߁ㇱಽࠬࠤࠫࡘ࡯࡝ࡦࠣ߿ౣࠬࠤࠫࡘ࡯࡝ࡦ
ࠣᯏ⢻ߦࠃߞߡࠕ࡞ࠧ࡝࠭ࡓ⥄૕ߩᡷༀߦᓎ┙ߟᖱႎࠍㆡ↪ߔࠆGUI࠷࡯࡞ߩឭ᩺ࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬ዊጊᶈ↢࡮✛Ꮉඳሶ࡮↲᢫ቬᓼ㧦‫࠲ࠬ࡜ࠢࠕࠦ࠴࡞ࡑޟ‬ะᒝࡑࠗࠣ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ߒ޿‫ߢߎߘޕ‬㧘ߌਗ೉⸒⺆ 㧙ࠬ࡟࠶࠼/ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬਗ೉ᯏ᭴ߩታⵝ㧙‫ޠ‬㧘ᚑ く ᄢ ቇ ℂ Ꮏ ቇ ⎇ ⓥ ႎ ๔ , Vol.45, No.1, pp.13-20,

࡙࡯ࠩ߇⸥ㅀߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪන⚐ߥᒝࡑࠗࠣ࡟࡯࡚ࠪ

2008.6

ࡦ๮઎ࠍ↪ᗧߒ㧘ㅢᏱߩJava઒ᗐࡑࠪࡦߢታⴕߔࠆ ╩ ⠪ ࠄ ߪ 㧘 ࠰ ࡈ ࠻ ࠙ ࠚ ࠕ DSM(Distributedߚ߼ߦ㧘࠰࡯ࠬࠦ࡯࠼ᄌ឵ߦࠃࠅಣℂਛᢿᤨߩࡠ࡯
ࠞ࡞ᄌᢙߩขᓧ߅ࠃ߮ߘߩౣ⃻㧘ߘߒߡਛᢿ▎ᚲ߆

Shared Memory)ߩ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ࠍ߽ߣߦ㧘ࡠ㧙ࠞ࡝࠹ࠄߩታⴕౣ㐿ࠍታ⃻ߔࠆᣇᴺࠍឭ᩺ߒߡ߈ߚ‫⺰ᧄޕ‬ࠖߦ⌕⋡ߒߚࡔ࠲ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࡕ࠺࡞ߣ޿߁㓏ጀဳ౒᦭ᢥߢߪ㧘ᓥ᧪ᚻേߢⴕߞߡ޿ߚ࠰࡯ࠬࠦ࡯࠼ᄌ឵ࠍ㧘ࡔࡕ࡝ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡒࡦࠣࡕ࠺࡞ࠍឭ᩺ߒ㧘ߎࠇߦၮߠ

JavaCCࠍ↪޿ߡ⥄േൻߒߚታⵝᣇᑼߦߟ޿ߡㅀߴ

ߊࡐ࡯࠲ࡉ࡞ߥAPIߣߒߡMpC⸒⺆ࠍ㐿⊒ߒߡ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߚ‫ߦߢߔޕ‬㧘ࠦࡕ࠺ࠖ࠹ࠖࠢ࡜ࠬ࠲߿౒᦭ࡔࡕ࡝ဳ

SMP ࡑࠪࡦߦ߅ ޿ߡUPC߿ OpenMP ߣᲧセߒ㧘MpCߦᕈ⢻਄ߩఝ૏ᕈ߇޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ߦࠄߐޕ‬㧘
NPB(NAS Parallel Benchmark)ࡌࡦ࠴ࡑ࡯ࠢ࠮࠶
࠻ࠍMpCߣઁߩ⸒⺆ߢ⸥ㅀߒߚࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ᦭ലⴕᢙߩᲧセߢߪ㧘ㅙᰴࠦ࡯࠼ߦኻߒ㧘MPI߇ᐔဋ1.74

ਃᶆ ⚐࡮↲᢫ቬᓼ㧦‫ޟ‬㧯⸒⺆⥄േਗ೉ൻ࠻࡜ࡦࠬ࡟࡯࠲
ߩ㐿⊒ ̆ࡐࠗࡦ࠲㧛㈩೉ଐሽ⸃ᨆߩᡷ⦟ߣ࠲ࠬࠢ☸ᐲߩ᳿ቯ̆‫ޠ‬㧘ᚑくᄢቇℂᎿቇ⎇ⓥႎ๔, Vol.45, No.1,

pp.31-38, 2008.6

 ࡑ࡞࠴ࡊࡠ࠮࠶ࠨࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߢߪਗ೉ᕈߣല₸ᕈࠍ୚ߦჇᄢߔࠆߩߦᲧߴ㧘MpCߪᐔဋ1.07୚ߦߣߤ߹

⠨ᘦߒߚࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߢߥ޿ߣఝࠇߚᕈ⢻ࠍචಽߦᒁ

ߞߡ߅ࠅ㧘ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩน⺒ᕈ㧘↢↥ᕈߩ਄ߢఝࠇ

߈಴ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿‫⸥ߩࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊ߼ߚߩߘޕ‬ㅀߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߡ޿ࠆ‫⺰ᧄޕ‬ᢥߢߪ㧘ߎߩ⠪ߦߪ࠰ࡈ࠻෸߮ࡂ࡯࠼ߩ⹦⚦ߥ⍮⼂߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠅ㧘

MpC⸒⺆߳ߩㅊടᯏ⢻߅ࠃ߮ᕈ⢻ะ਄ߣߒߡ‫᦭౒ޡ‬ࡑ࡞࠴ࡊࡠ࠮࠶ࠨࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ᦭ല೑↪ߣ޿߁ὐߢᄢ

ࡔࡕ࡝ࡑࠪࡦะߌࠦࡦࡄࠗ࡜ߩ↢ᚑࠦ࡯࠼ߩᦨㆡ

߈ߥ㓚ኂߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬໧㗴ࠍ⸃᳿ߔࠆᚻᲑߣ

ൻ‫ޢ‬㧘‫࠲ࠬ࡜ࠢޡ‬ะߌࠦࡦࡄࠗ࡜߳ߩࠬ࡟࠶࠼ᯏ᭴ߩ

ߒߡ⥄േਗ೉ൻ࠻࡜ࡦࠬ࡟࡯࠲߇᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ‫ߛߚޕ‬ዉ౉‫޿ⴕࠍޢ‬㧘߹ߚ㧘MpCࠦࡦࡄࠗ࡜ߩᔕ↪ߣߒߡߒࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓౝߩන⚐ߥ࡞࡯ࡊਗ೉ᕈߩߺࠍ᛽಴ߔ

‫ޡ‬ㅙᰴᄢኈ㊂࠺࡯࠲ಣℂะߌDLMࠦࡦࡄࠗ࡜ߩ᭴

ࠆࠃ߁ߥන৻☸ᐲࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚਗ೉ൻࠍⴕ߁ߩߢߪ

▽‫ߢߩߚߞⴕࠍޢ‬ႎ๔ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ߥߊ㧘㑐ᢙ߿㑐ᢙࠍ฽ࠎߛ࡞࡯ࡊ෸߮࡞࡯ࡊ㑆ߥߤߩ☻☸ᐲਗ೉ᕈߣ㧘ࠬ࠹࡯࠻ࡔࡦ࠻࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ⚦☸ᐲᰞ੗ᐽ᮸࡮ട⮮ผᓃ࡮ᵤ↰㆐਽࡮↲᢫ቬᓼ㧦‫ޟ‬ᒝࡑࠗࠣ࡟

ਗ೉ᕈࠍߪߓ߼㧘᭽‫☸ߥޘ‬ᐲߩਗ೉ᕈࠍᒁ߈಴ߔߎ

࡯࡚ࠪࡦࡕࡃࠗ࡞ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩߚ߼ߩ࠰࡯ࠬࠦ࡯࠼ᄌ

ߣ߇⥄േਗ೉ൻ࠻࡜ࡦࠬ࡟࡯࠲ߦߪᦸ߹ࠇࠆ‫⺰ᧄޕ‬

pp.21-30, 2008.6

ᢥߢߪ㧘⚦☸ᐲ࠲ࠬࠢ߆ࠄ☻☸ᐲ࠲ࠬࠢ߹ߢߩ᏷ᐢ

឵ེߩታⵝ‫ޠ‬㧘ᚑくᄢቇℂᎿቇ⎇ⓥႎ๔, Vol.45, No.1,

޿ਗ೉ᕈࠍᒁ߈಴ߒ㧘ߘߩਛ߆ࠄታⴕᕈ⢻ߩะ਄ߦ ਗ೉ಽᢔಣℂࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߢߪᄙߊߩ࡙࡯ࠩ߇᭽‫ߥޘ‬᦭ലߣ್ᢿߐࠇߚਗ೉ᕈࠍᵴ߆ߔᚻᴺࠍឭ᩺ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠕࡊ࡝ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩಣℂࠍⷐ᳞ߔࠆߚ߼㧘ߘࠇࠄߩ⸃ᨆኻ⽎ߦߪᓥ᧪࿎㔍ߣߐࠇߡ޿ߚࡐࠗࡦ࠲ࠍ↪޿ᛩ౉ߦࠃࠆ⽶⩄ߩᄌേߦวࠊߖߡ㧘ߘߩᓟߩࠕࡊ࡝

ߚࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߽฽߹ࠇࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬ਗ೉ታⴕᤨߩᕈ⢻ߣࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩಽᢔߩ઀ᣇࠍㆡಾߦᄌ߃ߡ޿߆ߥߌࠇ

ਗ೉ൻ࠻࡜ࡦࠬ࡟࡯࠲ో૕ߩ⸃ᨆᤨ㑆ࠍᷫࠄߔߎߣ

߫㧘㜞ᕈ⢻ߢ߆ߟା㗬ᕈߩ㜞޿ਗ೉ಽᢔಣℂߪታ⃻ࠍ⠨ᘦߒ㧘࠺࡯࠲ߩዪᚲᕈࠍ೑↪ߒߚ࠲ࠬࠢ☸ᐲߩߢ߈ߥ޿‫ߩߘޕ‬ኻᔕࠍ୘‫ߦࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊ߇ࠩ࡯࡙ߩޘ‬᳿ቯᚻᴺ߽วࠊߖߡឭ᩺ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬⚵ߺㄟ߻ߩߪ᳿ߒߡኈᤃߢߪߥ޿‫ࡓ࠹ࠬࠪߢߎߘޕ‬⥄りߦ⥄ᓞᕈࠍᜬߚߖࠆߎߣߢ㧘࡙࡯ࠩߩࠕࡊ࡝ࠤ
࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍታ㓙ߦ⥄ᓞ⊛ߦᝄࠆ⥰ࠊߖࠆน⢻ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬╩⠪ࠄߪ㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢߦ⥄ᓞᕈࠍታ⃻ߔࠆߚ߼ߩࡕࡃ
ࠗ࡞ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ⸳⸘ߒߡ߈ߚ‫ߪࠇߘޕ‬Hiroko Midorikawa, Motoyoshi Kurokawa, Ryutaro

Himeno, Mitsuhisa Sato : “DLM: A Distributed Large

Memory System using Remote Memory Swapping
over Cluster Nodes”, Proc. of IEEE Cluster Comput-

ᄙߊߩJavaࡌ࡯ࠬߩࡕࡃࠗ࡞ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ࠪࠬ࠹

ing (Cluster2008), pp.268-273, 2008.9

ࡓߣห᭽ߦ㧘ᒙࡑࠗࠣ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩࡕࡆ࡝࠹ࠖࠍ೑

㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦ࠢ࡜ࠬ࠲ࡁ࡯࠼਄ߦ߅ߌࠆ㆙㓒ࡔࡕ࡝ࡍ࡯ࠫ

↪ߒߡ޿ࠆߚ߼㧘⒖േవߢ⒖േ೨ߩಣℂࠍ⛮⛯ߔࠆࡦࠣࠍ೑↪ߒߚᄢⷙᮨಽᢔࡔࡕ࡝ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓDLM

ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ࠍ⥄↱ߦ⸥ㅀߔࠆߎߣߪ࿎㔍ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㜞޿⥄ᓞᕈࠍታ⃻ߔࠆߦߪ㧘ណ↪ߔࠆࡕࡆ࡝࠹ࠖߪ

㧙㧙

 The 64bitOS supplys a huge amount of memory
address space that is essential for new applica-

tions using very large data. It is expected that the

HimenoBMT㧘STREAMߥߤߩࡔࡕ࡝ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ⽶⩄swapped pages efficiently, especially in a dedi-ߩ㜞޿ࡌࡦ࠴ࡑ࡯ࠢࠍ↪޿ߚᕈ⢻Ყセࠍ߅ߎߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬such as 10GbE and Infiniband. In this paper, weૐ࡟ࡌ࡞ㅢାࡊࡠ࠻ࠦ࡞ࠍ↪޿ࠆઁߩૐ࡟ࡌ࡞ታⵝ

(DLM), which provides very large virtual memoryࠕߩߺࠍ↪޿ߚDLM߇㧘ࠃࠅ㜞޿ᕈ⢻ࠍ␜ߔߎߣࠍ

memory in connected nodes can be used to store
cated cluster which has a high-speed networkߎߩ⚿ᨐ㧘ࡉࡠ࠶ࠢ࠺ࡃࠗࠬ᭴▽ᣇᑼ㧘ኾ↪NIC߿

propose the Distributed Large Memory System

ߩᚻᴺߦᲧߴ㧘᳢↪TCPߣ࡙࡯ࠩ࡟ࡌ࡞࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠛ
ᣂߚߦ⷗಴ߒߚ‫ޕ‬DLMߪઁߩߩ㆙㓒ࡍ࡯ࠫࡦࠣᚻᴺ

by using remote memory distributed over theߣߪ⇣ߥࠅ㧘OSࠬࡢ࠶ࡊࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߣߪ⁛┙ߢ޽ࠆߚ

grams using remote memory is compared to or-߼㧘↪޿ࠆࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߥߤߦᔕߓߚ⥄↱ߥࡄ࡜ࡔnodes in a cluster. The performance of DLM prodinary programs using local memory. The results࠲⸳ቯࠍⴕߞߡᦨᄢᕈ⢻ࠍᒁ߈಴ߔߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽that the DLM achieves better performance thanਇ቟ቯᕈ߿᭽‫߽ߣ࡞ࡉ࡜࠻ߥޘ‬ή✼ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ㄭᐕ⋭ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘OSࠬࡢ࠶ࡊ࠺࡯ࡕࡦⒿേᤨߦ߅ߌࠆേ૞

of STREAM, NPB and Himeno benchmarks show

other remote paging schemes using a block swapߺࠄࠇࠆߎߣߩߥ߆ߞߚ࡙࡯ࠩ࡟ࡌ࡞࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠛࠕ

device to access remote memory. In addition to
performance, DLM offers the advantages of easyࠢࠍ↪޿ߡౣ⹏ଔߒ㧘㆙㓒ࡔࡕ࡝ࠍ೑↪ߒߚ઒ᗐᄢ

availability and high portability, because it is auser-level software without the need for specialലᕈࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬

ߦࠃࠆᚻᴺࠍ㧘ᦨᣂࠬ࡟࠶࠼ᛛⴚߣ㜞ㅦࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯
ኈ㊂ࡔࡕ࡝ࠍታ⃻ߔࠆ৻ߟߩᚻᴺߣߒߡ㧘DLMߩ᦭

hardware. To obtain high performance, the DLM

Taku Itoh, and Yoshifumi Kanda : “Surface Recon-nel swap parameters. We also found that DLM’s

Using Both Delaunay Tetrahedralization and Implicit

can tune its parameters independently from kerindependence of kernel swapping provides morestable behavior.

struction from 3D Scattered Points with Normals

Function.” In Proceedings of Asia Simulation Conference 2008, pp. 950-955, Beijing, 2008.10

 ᧄ⺰ᢥߢߪ㧘Delaunayಽഀߣ㒶㑐ᢙࠍ૶↪ߒߚ3
ࠆ ಽ ᢔ ᄢ ኈ ㊂ ࡔ ࡕ ࡝ ࠪ ࠬ ࠹ ࡓ DLM ߩ ⸳ ⸘ ߣ✛Ꮉඳሶ࡮㤥Ꮉේ૫࡮ᆢ㊁㦖ᄥ㇢㧦‫ޟ‬㆙㓒ࡔࡕ࡝ࠍ೑↪ߔᰴరߩนⷞൻᴺࠍឭ᩺ߔࠆ‫ᧄޕ‬ᣇᴺߢߪ㧘▵ὐߦട

10GbEthernetߦ߅ߌࠆೋᦼᕈ⢻⹏ଔ‫ޠ‬,ᖱႎಣℂቇળ⺰߃ߡ㧘ฦ▵ὐߦ߅ߌࠆᴺ✢ᖱႎ߽ᔅⷐߣߥࠆ߇㧘ᢥ ⹹ ࠦ ࡦ ࡇ ࡘ ࡯ ࠹ ࠖ ࡦ ࠣ ࠪ ࠬ ࠹ ࡓ , Vol.1, No.3,

Delaunayಽഀࠍਥߦ૶߁ߎߣߢ㜞ㅦߥนⷞൻ߇น

pp.136-157, 2008,12⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘Delaunayಽഀ⚿ᨐߦਇⷐߥ㕙߇⊒↢ߒߚ႐วߦ߅޿ߡ߽㧘㒶㑐ᢙߩᕈ⾰ࠍ೑↪ߔࠆߎ 64bitOSߩ᥉෸ߦࠃࠅ㧘㘧べ⊛ߦᄢ߈ߥࠕ࠼࡟ࠬ

ߣߢ㧘นⷞൻ⚿ᨐࠍୃᱜߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢙ୯ታ㛎ߢߪ㧘ࡄⓨ㑆߇೑↪น⢻ߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᚒ‫‛࡞ࠞ࡯ࡠߪޘ‬ℂࡔࡕ

࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ࠍㆡಾߦ⸳ቯߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘ᧄᣇᴺ߇೨ㅀߩ࡝ࠨࠗ࠭ߦ೙㒢ߐࠇߕ㧘ࠢ࡜ࠬ࠲ߩฦࡁ࡯࠼ߩ㆙㓒․ᓽࠍ߽ߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ࡔࡕ࡝ࠍ㓸߼ߡ઒ᗐ⊛ߦᄢኈ㊂ࡔࡕ࡝ࠍㅙᰴಣℂ↪
ߦឭଏߔࠆࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ㧘ಽᢔᄢኈ㊂ࡔࡕ࡝ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ

K.Hatakeyama, S.Tsumura and S.Kuribayashi : “Fair߆ࠄߩᄌᦝࠍᦨዊ㒢ߦߔࠆ⁛⥄ߩAPIߣDLMࠦࡦ

networks”, APCC2008, 15-PM1-F-3, 2008.10

ࡄࠗ࡜߽޽ࠊߖߡ᭴▽ߒߚ‫ࠬࠖ࠺࠼࡯ࡂ࡞ࠞ࡯ࡠޕ‬㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦ࠝ࡯࡞IPࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߦ߅ߌࠆ౏ᐔᕈࠍ⠨ᘦࠢࠍࠬࡢ࠶ࡊ࠺ࡃࠗࠬߣߔࠆㅢᏱOSߩࠬࡢ࠶ࡊ೑

ߒߚⶄᢙ⒳೎⾗Ḯหᤨഀࠅᒰߡᣇᑼ

DLMࠍᣂߚߦឭ᩺ߒߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬ㅢᏱߩㅙᰴࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ

joint multiple resource allocation method in all-IP↪ᤨߣߩᲧセߢߪ㧘ⴕ೉ࡌࠢ࠻࡞Ⓧࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩታ

 In all-IP networks including NGN, both com-ࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ5㨪10୚એ਄ߩᕈ⢻߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆߛߌߢߥ

allocated simultaneously to each service request.

ⴕߢ㧘1Gb/10Gb Ethernet⚿วࠢ࡜ࠬ࠲ߢ㧘ㅢᏱࡊߊ㧘ࠬࡢ࠶ࡊࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ೑↪ᤨࠃࠅ߽቟ቯേ૞ࠍ␜ߔ
ߎߣࠍ⷗಴ߒߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘10GbEthernetࠢ࡜ࠬ࠲ߦ
߅޿ߡ㧘ࡠ࡯ࠞ࡞ࡔࡕ࡝ߩߺࠍ૶↪ߔࠆㅢᏱࡊࡠࠣ࡜ ࡓ ߣ DLM ೑ ↪ ࡊ ࡠ ࠣ ࡜ ࡓ ߦ ߟ ޿ ߡ 㧘 NPB 㧘㧙㧙

puting and network resources are required to be

The authors proposed optimal joint resource allocation methods for multiple resource types. Al-

though those methods can achieve an efficient useof resources, it may result in an ‘unfair’ use of

RFID tag, and the other is ‘policy number’ that

resources in which resources may be monopolized
by a specific service.
This

paper

proposesbasic

principles

for

specifies the conditional tag ID processing.

achieving ‘fairness’ among multiple services, as-

K.Hatakeyama, Y.Osana and S.Kuribayashi : “Flexi-

sources are required to be allocated simultane-

works”, ICOIN2009, 4A-4, 2009.1

suming that both computing and network reously to each service request, and proposes ameasure for evaluating fair allocation. Next, thispaper proposes a fair joint multiple resource al-

ble joint resource reallocation method in all-IP net-㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦ࠝ࡯࡞IPࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߦ߅ߌࠆᨵエߥⶄᢙ⾗Ḯหᤨഀࠅᒰߡᣇᑼ

 In all-IP networks where all types of services

are integrated using IP technology, it is highly

location method which tries to equalize the total

likely that traffic congestion in one service causes

amount of key resources allocated for each service

congestion in other services, or that abnormal

in each time block. Key resource is the resource

traffic in one service degrades the quality of othertype for which the total amount of requested re-services.

source is the largest proportion of the maximumThis paper proposes a flexible reallocation of

resource of that type. It is demonstrated byboth computing and network resource between

simulation evaluations that the proposed method

services, in order to reduce the chance of conges-

enables fair allocation among multiple services.

tion in an all-IP network, assuming that bothcomputing and network resources are simulta-

S. Kuribayashi and K. Hatakeyama : “System virtu-

neously allocated to each service request. Thisalization method for RFID tag infrastructure network̍, ISCIS2008, Wireless I-4, 2008.10

paper

avoid congestion even in cases where the numberof service requests received by the network

various RFID-based services will be provided ingreatly exceeds the number at which congestion

the near future. Therefore, it is necessary tooccurs.

study how to construct RFID network system as asocial infrastructure like the Internet.

multiple different service systems. The systemdetermining

tions that the proposed reallocation scheme canubiquitous society, and it is supposed that thephysical RFID network system to be used byofcated. It is demonstrated by simulation evalua-

and an object will be expanded with progress ofof RFID tag network system to enable the same

methodso, the optimal amount of resources to be reallo- The use of RFID tag which identifies a thing

This paper proposes the virtualization method

thewhether resource reallocation is possible and, if㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦RFID࠲ࠣࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ઒ᗐൻᣇ
ᑼclarifies⇗ጊ⾫৻࡮ᩙᨋિ৻㧦‫߇ࠩ࡯࡙ޟ‬ᐢ๔ࠍㆬᛯߔࠆ࠹࡟ࡆ⇟⚵ࠦࡦ࠹ࡦ࠷㈩ାࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩឭ᩺‫ޠ‬㧘ᚑくᄢቇℂᎿቇ⎇ⓥ
ႎ๔Vol.45, No.1, pp.39-42, 2008

virtualization not only reduces the system cost

but also can dramatically reduce the installation

space of physical readers and the operation cost.

 ᧄ⺰ᢥߢߪ㧘ⶄᢙ޽ࠆᐢ๔ߩਛ߆ࠄⷞ⡬⠪߇ᅢ߈ߥᐢ๔ࠍㆬᛯߒ㧘ߘߩᐢ๔ࠍⷞ⡬ᓟߦᅢ߈ߥ࠹࡟ࡆ
⇟⚵ࠍⷞ⡬ߔࠆᣂߚߥᐢ๔ࡕ࠺࡞ࠍឭ᩺ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬It is proposed that all equipments in the RFID߹ߚ㧘ឭ᩺ࡕ࠺࡞ታ⃻ߦᔅⷐߥᐢ๔ឝタ૏⟎㧘ᐢ๔

with the conventional virtual technologies for⡬น⢻ߣߥࠆ⇟⚵ߣߩㅪ⚿㧘⇟⚵ࠢ࡯ࡐࡦ㊂㧘ߥߤ

network system except RFID tag could be sharedⷞ⡬ߦࠃࠅᓧࠄࠇࠆࠢ࡯ࡐࡦ㊂㧘ᐢ๔ⷞ⡬ߦࠃࠅⷞservers or networks. It is also proposed to add twoߩ᳿ቯᴺߥߤߦኻߔࠆ⸃᳿╷߽ឭ᩺ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߦ․ޕ‬㧘

new identifiers, in order to improve user convenience in the RFID tag infrastructure networkࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻ߩࠕ࠼ࡢ࡯࠭ᐢ๔ߦ㘃ૃߒߚࠝ࡯ࠢ

system. One is ‘system ID’ to keep the association⠪㧘ࠬࡐࡦࠨ࡯㧘࠹࡟ࡆዪ㧘ᐢ๔೙૞ળ␠㧘⇟⚵೙

between a virtual reader element and a physical㧙㧙

ⷞ⡬₸ࠍࡌ࡯ࠬߣߒߚᓥ᧪ߩᐢ๔⾌▚಴ᴺߢߪߥߊ㧘࡚ࠪࡦࠍၮᧄߣߒߚᣇᑼߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ឭ᩺ࡕ࠺࡞ߪⷞ⡬૞ળ␠ߩߔߴߩ┙႐ߦࡔ࡝࠶࠻߇޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬systems. Satellite networks will be especially

useful to interconnect remote sensor networks.

⇗ጊ⾫৻࡮ᩙᨋિ৻㧦‫ⶄޟ‬ᢙ⒳೎⾗Ḯหᤨഀᒰߡࠍ೨ឭߣ
ߒߚᰴ਎ઍࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ߰ߊߘ߁೙ᓮᣇᑼ‫ޠ‬, ᚑくᄢቇ

Therefore, satellite networks should provide the ᧄ⺰ᢥߪ㧘ࠝ࡯࡞IPࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߩ߰ߊߘ߁೙ᓮ

same tame keep the required scalability. WeℂᎿቇ⎇ⓥႎ๔Vol.45, No.2, pp.75-83, 2008

needed QoS, differentiation of services and at the

propose a new Diffserv-based scheme of band-ᣇᑼߣߒߡ⾗ḮⲢㅢᣇᑼߣ․ቯⷐ᳞⒳೎ⷙ೙ᣇᑼࠍ

width allocation during congestion, called pro-ขࠅ਄ߍ㧘ߘߩታ⃻ᴺ߹ߚߪታ⃻਄ߩ⺖㗴ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆

portional allocation of bandwidth (PAB). PAB canߦߒߡ޿ࠆ‫↢⊒߁ߘߊ߰ޕ‬࿁ㆱኻ╷ߣ૏⟎ઃߌࠄࠇbe used in GEO, MEO and LEO satellite net-ࠆ⾗ḮⲢㅢᣇᑼߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘4ߟߩ⾗ḮⲢㅢᒻᘒߏ

works. In PAB, during congestion all flows get aߣߦ⾗ḮⲢㅢߩนุߣⲢㅢ㊂ߩ᳿ቯᚻ㗅ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦ

share of IP available bandwidth, which is in pro-ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⹏ଔߦࠃࠅ⾗Ḯ

portion to their subscribed information rate. WeⲢㅢࠍታᣉߒߥ޿ᓥ᧪ᣇᑼߦᲧߴࠨ࡯ࡆࠬⷐ᳞ಣℂsuggest a method for implementing PAB withoutᢙࠍᄢ᏷ߦჇടߐߖ㧘߰ߊߘ߁ࠍ࿁ㆱߔࠆലᨐ߇ᦼ

storing per-flow state, which makes the schemeᓙߢ߈ࠆߎߣࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߦࠄߐޕ‬㧘․ቯⷐ

scalable and simple. We show by simulation the᳞⒳೎ⷙ೙ᣇᑼߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘߰ߊߘ߁⾗Ḯ⒳೎ࠍᄙ

advantages of using PAB in IP satellite networks.

ߊᔅⷐߣߔࠆⷐ᳞ࠍߛߌࠍⷙ೙ߔࠆᣇᴺߣ߰ߊߘ߁
⾗Ḯ⒳೎ࠍᄙߊᔅⷐߣߔࠆⷐ᳞ߩⷐ᳞⾗Ḯ㊂ߘߩ߽ߩࠍዊߐߊߔࠆᣇᴺߩ㧞ߟߩ⠨߃ᣇࠍឭ᩺ߒ㧘ߘࠇࠄࠍታ⃻ߔࠆߚ߼ߦᔅⷐߥ⺖㗴ࠍᢛℂߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

Kiyohiro Morita, Ailixier Aikebaier, Tomoya Enokido,

and Makoto Takizawa : “A Data Transmission Protocol

for Reliable and Energy-Efficient in a Wireless Sen-᧖ጊ⾫ੑ, ⋧⦟⋥຦, ᮮጊ๺ᒾ㧦‫╓ޟ‬ภൻࡉࡠ࠶ࠢ߭ߕߺ

sor-Actuator Network,” International Journal ofシᷫߩߚ߼ߩ߭ߕߺ㊂ቴⷰ⹏ଔᣇᴺ‫ޠ‬, 㔚ሶᖱႎㅢାቇ

Telecommunication Systems (IJTS), Vol.38, Nos.3-4,

 ᓳภൻᓟߩ↹௝ߦ߅ߌࠆࡉࡠ࠶ࠢᱡ㊂ߩ⹏ଔߪ㧘㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦ή✢࠮ࡦࠨ࡮ࠕࠢ࠴ࡘࠛ࡯࠲࡮ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢᱡシᷫࡈࠖ࡞࠲ߩ೙ᓮߥߤߩߚ߼㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫⹏ޕ‬ଔߢߩା㗬ᕈߩ޽ࠆૐ㔚ജ࠺࡯࠲ォㅍࡊࡠ࠻ࠦ࡞

ળ⺰ᢥ⹹A, Vol.J91-A, No.6, pp.643-646, 2008.6

pp.71-82, Aug. 2008

ᚻᴺߪ޿ߊߟ߆ឭ᩺ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘╓ภൻ೨ߩෳᾖ
↹௝߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ߆㧘ᱡ㊂ࠍ⋧ኻ୯ߣߒߡߒ߆⹏ଔ
ߢ߈ߥ޿ߥߤߩ໧㗴߇޽ࠆ‫ᧄޕ‬ႎ๔ߢߪ㧘ෳᾖ↹௝ࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆߎߣߥߊ㧘ᱡ㊂ࠍ⛘ኻ୯ߣߒߡ⹏ଔߢ
߈ࠆᚻᴺࠍឭ᩺ߔࠆ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪࡉࡠ࠶ࠢႺ⇇ㇱಽߩ㓞ធ↹⚛Ꮕߣࡉࡠ࠶ࠢౝㇱߩ㓞ធ↹⚛ᏅߩᲧࠍߣ
ࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅࡉࡠ࠶ࠢᱡ㊂ࠍᬌ಴ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ታ㛎ߪ㧘╓
ภൻߩ㊂ሶൻࠍᄌൻߐߖᱡ㊂ࠍᓢ‫ߦޘ‬Ⴧ߿ߒߚ↹௝ߦኻߒߡ⹏ଔࠍⴕ޿㧘ឭ᩺ᚻᴺߩ⹏ଔ⚿ᨐ߇ㆡಾߥ
ߎߣࠍ⏕⹺ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
Arjan Durresi, Leonard Barolli, Akio Koyama, and
Makoto Takizawa㧦“Ubiquitous QoS Communications

Using Scalable Satellite Networking,” Journal of
Ubiquitous Computing and Intelligence (JUCI), Vol.2,
No.1, pp.1-8, April 2008㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦ᄢⷙᮨⴡᤊࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢࠍ↪޿ߚ࡙࡯ࡆࠠ࠲
ࠬQoSㅢା

 Satellite networking will be an importantcomponent of future ubiquitous communications㧙㧙

 In a wireless sensor-actuator network, sensor
nodes gather information on the physical world
and can deliver messages with sensed values toonly nearby

nodes due to weak radio. Thus,

messages sent by nodes might be lost due to not
only collision but also noise. Messages are for-warded by sensor nodes to an actuator node. In
the redundant data transmission (RT) protocol, asensor node sends a message with not only its
sensed value but also sensed values received fromother sensor nodes. Even if a message with asensed value v is lost, an actuator node can receive the value v from a message sent by anothersensor node. In addition, we have to reduce theenergy consumption of a sensor node. A sensor

node mainly consumes the energy to send andreceive messages. Even if an event occurs, only
some number of sensor nodes sensing the event

send the sensed values to reduce the total energy
consumption. We discuss an energy-efficient data

transmission protocol. We evaluate the RT pro- In a wireless sensor and actuator networkof how much sensing data a node can receive in

actuation devices are geographically distributed

tocol compared with the CSMA protocol in terms
presence of messages loss. We evaluate the RT

protocol in terms of how many number of sensed
values an actuator node can receive in presence of
message loss. We show that about 72 % of sensed

values can be delivered to an actuator node evenif 95 % of messages are lost due to noise and collision.

Ailixier Aikebaier, Tomoya Enokido, and Makoto Ta-

kizawa : “A Distributed Coordination Protocol in an

Order-Heterogeneous Group,” International Journalof Web and Grid Services (IJWGS), Vol.4, No.1,
pp.5-23, 2008.

㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦㗅ᐨ⇣⒳ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢߩಽᢔද⺞ࡊࡠ࠻ࠦ࡞

 In Peer-to-Peer (P2P) overlay networks, agroup of multiple peer processes are required tocooperate to make a global decision. Each process

takes a value and exchanges values with theother processes until the agreement condition issatisfied. We define existentially and preferentially precedent relations which show what values

a process can take after taking a value and which

value a process prefers to another value, respec-tively. Based on the precedent relations, eachprocess takes the most preferable value in thevalues which are changeable from current value,at each round. We discuss a coordination protocol
among multiple values in a type of heterogeneous

system, where some pair of processes has different precedent relations on the same domain. A
process learns the precedent relations of anotherprocess through exchanging values. A process
takes a value that other processes can take byusing the knowledge on the other processes.

Keiji Ozaki, Kenichi Watanabe, Naohiro Hayashibara,

Tomoya Enokido, and Makoto Takizawa : “A Fault-Tolerant Model of Wireless Sensor-Actuator Network,” International Journal of Distributed Sensor
Networks (IJDSN), Vol.4, No.2, pp.110-128, April 2008㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦ή✢࠮ࡦࠨ࡮ࠕࠢ࠴ࡘࠛ࡯࠲࡮ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ
ߩࡈࠜ࡯࡞࠻࡮࠻࡟࡜ࡦ࠻࡮ࡕ࠺࡞

㧙㧙

(WSAN), a group of sensor nodes, actuators, andand linked by wireless networks. Sensor nodes

gather information for an event occurring in thephysical world and send the sensed values to ac-

tuators. Actuators perform appropriate actions on
actuation devices on receipt of sensed values fromsensor nodes. Sensor nodes are low cost, lowpowered devices with limited energy, computa-tion, and wireless communication capabilities.

Sensor nodes may suffer from arbitrary faults.

Furthermore, wireless communications are unreliable due to collision and noise of a wirelesschannel and shortage of power of sensor nodes.
Reliable efficient communication among sensor
nodes, actuators, and actuation devices is required in presence of faults. In order to realize thereliability and efficiency, we newly propose amulti-actuator/multi-sensor(MAMS)

model

where each sensor node sends sensed values tomultiple actuators and each actuator receives

sensed values from multiple sensor nodes for each
event occurring in an event area. Even if somenumber of sensor nodes and actuators are faulty
and messages sent by sensor nodes and actuators

are lost, a required action can be performed on

actuation devices. Actuators are required to receive some messages from some number of sensor

nodes to make a decision on what actions to be

performed on actuation devices. There are principally a pair of models, active and passive models

to coordinate multiple actuators to make a decision on actions and perform the actions. In theactive model, multiple actuators receive somemessages from sensor nodes and perform the actions on actuation devices. Here, multiple actua-

tors may perform actions on receipt of sensed
values. Multiple redundant executions of an ac-tion on each device have to be prevented and conflicting actions on each actuation device frommultiple actuators have to be serialized. In thispaper, we discuss a method to reliably andnon-redundantly perform actions. On the other
hand, there is one primary actuator and multiple

backup actuators in the passive model. Only thenodes communicate with multiple replica nodes of

we present a semi-passive coordination (SPC)

number of nodes are faulty, device nodes cana device. Even if messages are lost and someprimary actuator performs actions. In this paper,surely receive action requests required for sensed

model where not only primary but also backup

values and the actions are performed. In this pa-

actuators receive messages from sensor nodes.

per, we discuss a type of semi-passive coordina-

Only one actuator performs an action on an ac-tion (SPC) protocol of multiple actuator nodes fortuation device and a backup actuator takes overmultiple sensor nodes. We discuss a type of active

the primary one if the primary gets faulty.

coordination protocol for multiple actuator nodes
and multiple actuation device nodes. We evaluate

Keiji Ozaki, Tomoya Enokido, and Makoto Takizawa :the SPC protocol for the sensor-actuator coordi-“Coordination Protocols for a Reliable Sensor, Actua-

nation in terms of the number of messages ex-

tor, and Device Network,” International Journal ofchanged among actuators.

Mobile Information Systems (IJMIS), Vol.4, No.2,
pp.147-161, 2008㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦࠮ࡦࠨ࡮ࠕࠢ࠴ࡘࠛ࡯࠲࡮࠺ࡃࠗࠬ࡮ࡀ࠶࠻
ࡢ࡯ࠢߩද⺞ࡊࡠ࠻ࠦ࡞

 A sensor, actuator, and device network (SADN)

is composed of three types of nodes, which aresensor, actuator, and actuation device nodes.

Sensor nodes and actuator nodes are intercon-

nected in wireless networks as discussed in wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSANs). Ac-

Markus Aleksy, Ralf Gitzel, Gerhard Vollmar, Nicolaie

Fantana, Christian Stich, and Makoto Takizawa :“Techniques for the Efficient Resource Management ofContext-Sensitive Mobile Applications and their
Utilization in Industrial Field Service,” Journal of

Mobile Multimedia (JMM), Vol.4, Nos. 3/4, pp.200-209,
2008

tuator nodes and device nodes are interconnected㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦↥ᬺ㗔ၞࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߢߩࠦࡦ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ଐሽߩࡕ

work. Sensor nodes sense an physical event andcertain amount of flexibility due to the fact thatin types of networks, i.e. wireless and wired net-

ࡃࠗ࡞ᔕ↪ߢߩ᦭ലߥ⾗Ḯ▤ℂߣߘߩ೑↪

 Context-sensitive mobile applications require athey have to provide services for many different

send sensed values of the event to actuator nodes.

situations. The limited resources available makeActuator nodes make a decision on proper actions

resource management a major challenge in suchon receipt of sensed values and then issue the ac-applications. In this paper, we present differenttion requests to the device nodes. A device nodetechniques for the efficient use of resources ofreally acts to the physical world, e.g. moves a ro-mobile devices. These techniques support the de-bot arms by performing the action on receipt ofvelopment

the action request. Messages may be lost andadaptable

andflexiblecon-text-sensitive applications. Afterwards, we pre-nodes may be faulty. Especially, messages aresent some application scenarios from industrial

lost due to noise and collision in a wireless net-field service in which some of these techniques

work. We propose a fully redundant model for an

can be utilized to improve service processes by

SADN where each of sensor, actuator, and device

providing tailored information and knowledge

functions is replicated in multiple nodes and eachsupport.

of sensor-actuator and actuator-device communication is realized in many-to-many type ofofcommunication protocols. Even if some number ofAilixier Aikebaier, Valbona Barolli, Tomoya Enokido,

requested tasks. Here, each sensor node sends

Agreement in a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Society,” Journal ofnodes are faulty, the other nodes can perform
sensed values to multiple actuator nodes andeach actuator node receives sensed values frommultiple sensor nodes. While multiple actuatorand Makoto Takizawa : “ A Protocol for Making an
Interconnection

pp.317-335, 2008

Networks(JOIN),

Vol.9,

㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦P2P␠ળߢߩวᗧᒻᚑࡊࡠ࠻ࠦ࡞

㧙㧙

No.4,

 There are many discussions on agreement pro-network. Another sensor node forwards the

every peer just aims at agreeing on one value out

sensor node can deliver messages with sensed

sensed value to deliver to an actuator node. A

tocols of multiple peer processes (peers) where

values to only nearby nodes due to weak radio.

of values shown by the peers. In meetings of hu-

Messages are forwarded by sensor nodes to an

man societies, agreement procedures are so flexi-

actuator node by a type of flooding protocol. A

ble that persons can change their opinions andsensor mode senses an event and sends a message

can use not only all-condition where every personwith the sensed value. In addition, on receipt of aagrees on one value but also various types ofmessage with a sensed value from another sensor

agreement conditions like majority-condition. In

mode, a sensor node forwards the sensed value.

this paper, we discuss a flexible agreement pro-

Messages transmitted by sensor nodes might betocol of multiple peers by taking into accountlost due to noise and collisions. In this paper, we

human behaviors in social agreement procedures.

discuss a redundant data transmission (RT) pro-

Each peer first takes a value v1 and notifies the

tocol to reliably and efficiently deliver sensed

other peers of the value v1. A peer pi in turn re-values sensed by sensor nodes to an actuator node.

ceives values from other peers. Unless a set of theHere, a sensor node sends a message with notvalues from all the peers satisfy the agreement

only its sensed value but also sensed values re-condition, the peer pi can take another value v2.

ceived from other sensor nodes. The more number

In order to model the social human behavior, in
ourpreviouswork

we

discussedE-of sensed values are included in a message, theandmore frequently the message is lost. Each mes-

P-precedent relations →Ei and →Pi on values of asage carries so many number of sensed values

peer pi. The relations v1 →Ei v2 and v1 →Pi v2

that the message loss ratio is not increased. Evenshow that a peer pi can take a value v2 after

if a message with a sensed value v is lost in thetaking a value v1 and prefers v1 to v2, respectively. If a peer autonomously takes values based

wireless network, an actuator node can receive

make an agreement even if there exists a satisfi-

other sensor node. Thus, each sensed value isthe sensed value v from a message sent by an-

on its precedent relations, the peers might not

redundantly carried in multiple messages. The

able set of previous values. We discuss what pre-redundancy of a sensed value is in nature in-vious values the peer can take again. In this pa-

creased since the sensed value is broadcast. In

per, we try to find a satisfiable set of previous

order to reduce the redundancy of sensed value,

values in a history of values which the peers have

we take a strategy that the farther sensor nodes

so far taken, in addition for each peer to taking afrom an actuator node forward the fewer number

new value at each round.

of sensed values. We evaluate the RT protocol interms of loss ratio, redundancy, and delay time of

Ailixier Aikebaier, Tomoya Enokido, and Makoto Ta-a sensed value. We show that about 80% of sensed

kizawa : “Design and Evaluation of Reliable Data

values can be delivered to an actuator node even

Transmission Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks,”

if 95% of messages are lost due to noise and colli-International Journal of Mobile Information Systems,sion.

Vol.4, No.3, pp.237-252, 2008㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦ή✢࠮ࡦࠨ࡮ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߢߩ࠺࡯࠲ォㅍࡊࡠ࠻ࠦ࡞ߩ⸳⸘ߣ⹏ଔ

 A wireless sensor-actuator network (WSAN) is

composed of sensor modes and actuator modes

which are interconnected in wireless networks. A
sensor node collects information on the physicalworld and sends a sensed value in a wireless

Valbona Barolli, Heihachiro Fukuda, Leonard Barolli,

and Makoto Takizawa : “A High Performance Computing Model for Marketable Quality and Profitabilityof Corporations,” International Journal of High Performance Computing and Networking (IJHPCN),
Vol.5, Nos.5/6, pp.343-352, 2008㧙㧙

㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦ડᬺߩᏒ႐ຠ⾰ߣ೑⋉ᕈߩ㜞ᕈ⢻⸘▚ࡕ࠺࡞

support enough QoS. If a current source peer isfor marketable quality and profitability of corpo-

another source peer takes over the source peer

expected to support lower QoS than required, In this paper, we provide an evaluation modeland starts sending packets of the multimedia

rations. We apply the real values of some leading

content. The receiver peer is required to receive

manufacturing corporations in Japan to our pro-packets of the multimedia content with enoughposed model to analyse its accuracy. From the

QoS, e.g. no packet loss even if the source peer isanalysis, we concluded that the theoretical andbeing switched with a new source peer. We dis-real standard values of the marketable quality

cuss how to switch source peers so as to support

indicator were both 0.6. We showed that the pro-enough QoS to the moving receiver peer. We

posed model gives a good approximation of eco-evaluate the MSS protocol in terms of the fault

nomic trends of Japanese corporations. We ob-

ratio, i.e. how frequently the receiver peer fails totained a general distribution of profitability byreceive packets with enough QoS and show theusing the general profitability function and the

MSS protocol can reduce the fault ratio.

marketable quality indicator. The general dis-tribution is closer to the real value compared withthe standard distribution.

Alireza GoudarziNemati and Makoto Takizawa: “DataTransmission Procedure for a Multi-Source Streaming
Model in Mobile Peer-to-Peer Overlay Networks,”

Journal of Mobile Multimedia (JMM), Vol. 5, No.1,
pp.45-63, 2009

Mimoza Durresi, Vamsi Paruchuri, Arjan Durresi,
Leonard Barolli, and Makoto Takizawa: “A Scalable

Anonymous Protocol for Heterogeneous Wireless Ad

Hoc Networks,” Journal of Embedded Computing,
Vol.3, No.1, pp.77-85, 2009㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦⇣⒳ή✢ࠕ࠼ࡎ࠶ࠢ࡮ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߩߚ߼ߩ
ᄢⷙᮨࡊࡠ࠻ࠦ࡞

 Ensuring anonymity in wireless and hoc net-㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦ࡕࡃࠗ࡞P2Pࠝ࡯ࡃ࡟ࠗ࡮ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߢߩ
ᄙ࠰࡯ࠬ࡮ࠬ࠻࡝࡯ࡒࡦࠣ࡮ࡕ࠺࡞ߩ࠺࡯࠲ォㅍᚻ⛯߈

works is a major security goal. Using traffic

media contents are in nature distributed to peers

work functionality by correlating data flow pat-analysis, the attacker can compromise the net-

 In peer-to-peer (P2P) overlay networks, multi-

terns to event locations/active areas. In this paper

by downloading and caching. Here, a peer which

we present a novel Scalable Anonymous Protocol

transmits a multimedia content and a peer whichthat hides the location of nodes and obscure thereceives the multimedia content are referred to ascorrelation between event zones and data flow

source and receiver peers, respectively. A peer isfrom snooping adversaries. We quantify the ano-realized in a process of a computer and there arenymity strength of our protocol by introducing amobile and fixed types of computers. A peer on a

new anonymity metric: Degree of Exposure Index.

mobile computer moves in the network. Fur-Our protocol is designed to offer flexible tradeoffs

thermore, a peer maybe realized as a mobile

between degree of anonymity and communica-

agent. Thus, not only receiver peers but also

tion-delay overhead.

source peers might move in the network. In thispaper, we would like to discuss how source peers

deliver multimedia contents to receiver peers in a

Naohiro Hayashibara and Makoto Takizawa: “Design(QoS) required is supported in change of QoS ofternational Journal of High Performance Computing

streaming model so that enough quality of service

network and peer, possibly according to the
movements of the peers. In this paper, we discussa multi-source streaming (MSS) protocol where a
receiver peer can receive packets of a multimediaof the Notification System for Failure Detectors,” Inand Networking (IJHPCN), Vol.6, No.1, pp.25-34,2009.

㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦᡿㓚ᬌ಴ߩߚ߼ߩㅢ⍮ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ⸳⸘

content from multiple source peers which can㧙㧙

 It is widely recognized that distributed systems
would greatly benefit from the availability of ageneric failure detection service. In this paper, wehighlighted the issue on the construction of the㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦ಽᢔࠝࡉࠫࠚࠢ࠻࡮ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ࠻࡜ࡦࠩࠢࠪ

posed an algorithm to construct and manage thenipulate objects distributed on computers. A

monitoring network of failure detectors. We pro-࡚ࡦ࡮ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻

 A transactional agent is a mobile agent to matransactional agent can change a schedule to visit

monitoring network that each failure detector iscomputers if some target computer is faulty. In

monitored by some failure detectors. Notification

order to reduce the communication overhead, aof failures is propagated along the network. Es-transactional agent is composed of routing andpecially it can involve various types of failure de-manipulation subagents. A routing subagent

tectors from simple timeout-based failure detec-

makes a decision on what computer to visit intors to accrual failure detectors, and help topresence of faults of computers. On arrival at the

spread information on suspected processes/nodes.

computer, the routing subagent loads classes of a

In addition, we have made a simulation of themanipulation subagent to locally manipulate ob-

proposed algorithm for constructing the moni-

jects. We evaluate the transactional agent model

toring network. It shows that the algorithm isin terms of access time compared with the tradi-scalable for increasing the number of failure de-tional client-server model.

tectors.

Tomoya Enokido and Makoto Takizawa: “A Pur-

Kenichi Watanabe, Tomoya Enokido, and Makoto

Transactions in Multi-Agent Systems,” International

Peer-to-Peer Overlay Networks,” International Jour-pose-based Synchronization Protocol of Multiple
Journal of Business Intelligence and Data Mining(IJBIDM), Vol.4, No.1, pp.99-117, 2009

Takizawa: “Trustworthiness of Acquaintances in

nal of High Performance Computing and Networking(IJHPCN), Vol.6, No.2, pp.160-171, 2009㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦ࡑ࡞࠴࡮ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻࡮ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߢߩ࠻࡜ࡦ

㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦P2Pࠝ࡯ࡃ࡟ࠗ࡮ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߢߩ⍮ੱࡇࠕ࡚ࠩࠢࠪࡦߩ⋡⊛ࡌ࡯ࠬߩหᦼᣇᑼ

ߩା↪น⢻ᕈ

 Multiple agents cooperate with each other Various types of applications manipulate ob-

jects distributed in Peer-to-Peer overlay networks.

through manipulating objects. A transaction is a

An acquaintance peer of a peer p is a peer whose

unit of work issued by an agent. A transaction isservice the peer p knows and with which the peer

assigned with a purpose which is a subfamily of

p can directly communicate. We discuss types ofroles granted to the agent. Even if transactions

acquaintance relations among peers and how

issue methods according to the purposes, illegal

much a peer trusts each acquaintance peer. We

information flow might occur. We define legal,

define the trustworthiness of each acquaintanceindependent, illegal, and possibly illegal infor-

peer in terms of the acquaintance relations. We

mation flow relations among purposes. We dis-

discuss a Charge-Based Flooding (CBF) algo-cussed the purpose-based marking protocol torithm to find target peers so that more trustwor-

prevent illegal information flow. Then, we dis-

thy areas in Peer-to-Peer overlay networks arecussed the releasing mechanism of purpose

more deeply searched. We evaluate the CBF al-marks to improve the throughput. Finally, we

gorithm compared with a TTL-based algorithm.

evaluated the Purpose-based Marking and Re.

leasing (PMR) protocol.

Youhei Tanaka, Tomoya Enokido, and Makoto Taki-ᩙේ㓁੺࡮⷗Ỉ࿻๋࡮ᷰㄝཅੑ㇢࡮ዊᨋ৻ⴕ㧦‫ޟ‬LPࠟࠬ

Systems,” International Journal of High Performanceળ⺰ᢥ㓸㧘Vol.45㧘No.3㧘pp.177́182㧘2009.3

zawa: “Transactional Agents on Distributed Object↪ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯࿁෼ဳ࿶ജ⺞ᢛེߩ㐿⊒‫ޠ‬㧘⸘᷹⥄േ೙ᓮቇComputing and Networking (IJHPCN), Vol.6, No.2,

circuits which operates with low power consump-

pp.148-159, 2009㧙㧙

 The development of electronics devices yields

tion. This paper is aimed at describing a novel

power supply system to such the devices. The

outdoor environments. The proposed lane detec-pressure drops by regulators, thermal diverged,

tional camera and unique robust image process-tion method employing a 360 degree omni direc-

energy levels diverged by mechanical vibration,

ing algorithm. In order to detect lanes, combina-

are low in the mechanical field but high enough totion of template matching technique and Hough

operate the electronics devices above. Here wetransform are employed. The validity of proposed

describe a novel energy collecting method fromlane detection algorithm is confirmed by actualpressure regulators in which high pressure isdeveloped vehicle at various type of sun shined

regulated to constant low pressure. In the regu-

outdoor conditions.

lation, energy is diverged. The method converts
gas flow to rotation by a pneumatic motor andgenerates electric power by a generator connectedwith the motor. An LP gas regulator under nor-ᩙේ㓁੺࡮ᴡ⷏⦟ᜏ࡮ᷰㄝཅੑ㇢࡮ዊᨋ৻ⴕ࡮↰ਛ ඳ㧦

The devices developed here collected about 9Wࠆ↢ᵴ⠪ߩ↢૕ᖱႎࡕ࠾࠲࡝ࡦࠣ‫ޠ‬㧘⸘᷹⥄േ೙ᓮቇળ⺰

mal use in a house diverges about 30W energy.
energy which is enough high for operating elec-‫ࠣࡦ࡝࡯ࡠࡈޟ‬㧘⇥ߩ਄㧘߅ࠃ߮ᶎᮏ㧘࠻ࠗ࡟ౝߦ߅ߌ

ᢥ㓸㧘Vol.45㧘No.2㧘pp.91́98㧘2009.2

tronics devices around LP gas including intelligent gas meter.

 In the graying Japanese society, monitoring

health-related human data with sensors embed-

ded in the living environment is quite meaningfulin terms of emergency response and of long-termዊᨋ৻ⴕ࡮ᷰㄝཅੑ㇢࡮ᄢਭ଻෹ᐘ࡮ᩙේ㓁੺㧦‫࠰࡯ࡄޟ‬

health management. In using the body data࠽࡞ࡆ࡯ࠢ࡞ߩߚ߼ߩደᄖⅣႺߦ߅ߌࠆ⊕✢ᬌ಴ᴺߩ৻

monitoring system daily at home, the lack of in-2009.3tenance of the system are of great importance. Weឭ᩺‫ޠ‬㧘㔚᳇ቇળ⺰ᢥ⹹C㧘Vol.129㧘No.3㧘pp.497́504㧘
 By the word “Personal vehicle”, we mean asimple and lightweight vehicle expected toemerge as personal ground transportation devices.
The

motorcycle,

electric

wheelchair,mo-tor-powered bicycle, etc. are examples of the personal vehicle and have been developed as theuseful for transportation for a personal use. Recently, a new types of intelligent personal vehicle

called the Segway has been developed which iscontrolled and stabilized by using on-board intel-

ligent multiple sensors. The demand for needs forsuch personal vehicles are increasing, 1) to enhance human mobility, 2) to support mobility for
elderly person, 3) reduction of environmental

burdens. Since rapidly growing personal vehicles’
market, a number of accidents caused by humanerror is also increasing. The accidents are causedby it’s drive ability. To enhance or support drive
ability as well as to prevent accidents, intelligent

assistance is necessary. One of most importantelemental functions for personal vehicle is robust

lane detection. In this paper, we develop a robust
lane detection method for personal vehicle at㧙㧙

vasiveness during the monitoring and the mainhave proposed the method to surmise the sleep

stages of sleeping subjects by measuring theheartbeats and the respirations without invasiveness using the pneumatic method with an air

mattress. This method, however, has a problem inthe maintenance, since it requires periodic refill-ing of the air into the mattress. In this paper,
another pneumatic method, which applies silicontubes instead of the air mattress, is proposed. Thechange of S/N ratio in heartbeat and respiration
signals, while having the environmental noises

increased, are compared among a room withwooden flooring, another with tatami mats, abath tub, and a toilet room. The result shows thatboth the pulse waves and the breaths can bemeasured with the accuracy of around 30dB, andthe identification of each pulse from among thepulse waves is also feasible, under the condition

that the environmental noises in the room withwooden flooring, that with tatami mats, the bathtub, and the rest room are 0.01G, 0.09G, 100ml,
and 0.01G respectively.

treatments at medical institutions. In this paper,ዊᨋ৻ⴕ࡮ᓮ࿦␭੺࡮ᷰㄝཅੑ㇢࡮ᄢਭ଻෹ᐘ࡮ᩙේ㓁the Pneumatic Method to detect the Apnea period੺㧦‫⚛ⶄޟ‬᜛ᒛࠞ࡞ࡑࡦࡈࠖ࡞࠲ࠍ↪޿ߚ࠙ࠚࠗࡐࠗࡦ࠻
࠽ࡆࠥ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩታⵝ‫ޠ‬㧘⍮⢻ᖱႎࡈࠔࠫࠖቇળ⹹㧘

during sleep is proposed. Pneumatic method can This paper describes an implementation of mo-piration signal can be considered as noise against

Vol.21㧘No.1㧘pp.90́99㧘2009.2

measure heartbeat and respiration signal. Resheartbeat signal, and the decrease in the respira-bile robot waypoint navigation system which istion signal due to Apnea increases the Averagecompliant to Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competi-tion 㧔 IGVC 㧕 navigation challenge rules. The

Mutual Information of heartbeat. The result ofscaling analysis of the average mutual informa-

IGVC is one of mobile robot competition that has

tion

been sponsored by AUVSI(Association for Un-

period. The root mean square error between themanned Vehicle Systems International) sincelengths of Apnea measured by Strain Gauge us-

1993. Navigation challenge is one of the IGVC

ing for reference and those measured by using thechallenges that assume to use GPS navigation

proposed method was 3.1 seconds. And, error ofsystem. Several waypoints are assigned by lon-

the number of apnea times judged by doctor andgitude and altitude coordinate system as global

proposal method in OSAS patients was 3.3 times.

waypoint map. Based on global waypoint map,the proposed waypoint navigation system incrementally builds both an accurate global trajectory
map and global obstacle map by using complex

is defined as threshold to detect the apnea

ᩙේ㓁੺࡮ᷰㄝཅੑ㇢࡮ዊᨋ৻ⴕ࡮↰ਛ ඳ㧦‫࠶࡟࠻ࠬޟ‬࠴ࡖ࡯៝ㅍᤨߦ߅ߌࠆή᜔᧤๭ๆ⸘᷹ߣേ⊛㑣୯ᴺߦࠃ

extended Kalman filter. The feature of proposedࠆ๭ๆ஗ᱛᬌ⍮ᴺ‫ޠ‬㧘㔚᳇ቇળ⺰ᢥ⹹C㧘Vol.128㧘No.11㧘

agement algorithm and self-localization and General anesthesia used for surgical operations

implementation is employing simple map man-

pp.1641́1648㧘2008.11

may cause unstable conditions of the patients af-

landmark data association. To confirm the valid-

ter the operations, which could lead to respiratory

ity of proposed waypoint navigation system, anarrests. Under such circumstances, nurses could

electric wheelchair based mobile robot is used for

fail in finding the change of the conditions, andimplementation and tested actual outdoor ex-other malpractices could also occur. It is highly

periments.

possible that such malpractices may occur whiletransferring a patient from ICU to the room usingᩙේ㓁੺࡮ᷰㄝཅੑ㇢࡮ዊᨋ৻ⴕ࡮↰ਛ ඳ㧦‫ޟ‬⣂ᵄ㧘๭a stretcher. Monitoring the change in the bloodๆᚑಽߩᐔဋ⋧੕ᖱႎ㊂ࠍ↪޿ߚኢᆫ൓ߩᄌൻߦࡠࡃࠬ
࠻ߥή๭ๆᤨ㑆ᬌ಴ᴺ‫ޠ‬㧘⸘᷹⥄േ೙ᓮቇળ⺰ᢥ㓸㧘

oxygen saturation concentration and other vital Sleep disorders disturb the recovery fromwhen transferring a patient on a stretcher. HereVol.45㧘No.1㧘pp.11́17㧘2009.1

signs to detect a respiratory arrest is not easy
we present several noise reduction system andmental and physical fatigues, one of the functions

algorithm to detect respiratory arrests in trans-of the sleep. The majority of those who with theferring a patient, based on the unconstrained air

disorders are suffering from Sleep Apnea Syn-pressure method that the authors presented pre-drome (SAS). Continuous Hypoxia during sleep

viously. As the result, when the acceleration level

due to SAS cause Circulatory Disturbances, suchof the stretcher noise was 0.5G, the respiratory

as hypertension and ischemic heart disease, andarrest detection ratio using this novel method

Malfunction of Autonomic Nervous System, andwas 65%, while that with the conventional

other severe complications, often times bringing

method was 0%.

the suffers to death. In order to prevent thesefrom happening, it is important to detect the SAS
in its early stage by monitoring the daily respirations during sleep, and to provide appropriate

Yosuke Kurihara, Kajiro Watanabe, Toshiyuki Kikuchi, Takashi Namba, Hiroshi Tanaka㧦̌Potentialities㧙㧙

of the Pneumatic Biosensing Bed as a Network Ter-

We employed a full-order Luenberger observer

Care̍㧘Transactions on electrical and electronic en-

sleep transition: no body movement and body(state estimation method) based on two models of

minal for Ubiquitous Health Monitoring and Medical
gineering, Vol.3㧘pp.632́641㧘2008.11

movement. Sleep stages judged by three different

scorers under the rules of the manual were re-㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦࡙ࡆࠠ࠲ࠬᖱႎ␠ળߦ߅ߌࠆஜᐽ▤ℂߩߚ߼

judged by the observer. The average values of κߩ㧘ⓨ᳇࿶ᣇᑼߦࠃࠆ↢૕ᖱႎ࠮ࡦࠪࡦࠣࡌ࠶࠼ߩน⢻ᕈ

statistics, which show the degree of agreement,
were 0.83, 0.89 and 0.81, respectively, for the This research examined how the pneumaticoriginal sleep stages. Because the new method

bio-sensing bed works as a network terminal for

provides probabilities on how surely the sleep

ubiquitous health monitoring and medical care. A

belongs to each sleep stage, we were able to de-constraint-free bio-sensing bed, which is an or-

termine the most, second most and third mostdinary family bed optimally equipped with aprobable sleep stage. The κ statistics between thesensing device connected to a ubiquitous network,

most probable sleep stages were improved to 0.89,

was designed. Heartbeat, respiration, snoring

0.93 and 0.85, respectively. Those of sleep stages

and body movements of 32 subjects while in bed

determined from the most and second mostat their home for 14 months were measured andprobable were 0.93, 0.96 and 0.90 and those fromtransmitted to the data center via the network.

the most, second most and third most probable

The system provided clear real-time bio-signals

were 0.95, 0.97 and 0.92.

on apnea from subjects with Sleep Apnea Syndrome and arrhythmia from subjects with myocardial infarction. It also provided a variety of

one-night, one-week and one-year medical infor-ᩙේ㓁੺࡮ᷰㄝཅੑ㇢࡮ዊᨋ৻ⴕ࡮↰ਛ ඳ㧦‫ߦᤨ⌁⌧ޟ‬mation required for in-home health monitoring.

߅ߌࠆ⣂ᵄߩ⋧੕ᖱႎ㊂ߦࠃࠆ࠺࡞࠲ᵄ಴⃻₸ߩផቯ‫ޠ‬㧘

was 76.08% for the total times. The pneumatic The quality of sleep is evaluated based on the

Measurement availability of the proposal system㔚᳇ቇળ⺰ᢥ⹹C㧘Vol.128㧘No.10㧘pp.1550́1556㧘

bio-sensing bed connected to the network showed

sleep stages judged by R-K method or the manual

2008.10high potential for ubiquitous health monitoringand in-home medical care.

Yosuke Kurihara, Kajiro Watanabe, Kazuyuki Koba-

yashi㧦̌Observer Based on Body Movement Informa-tion in Sleeping and Estimation of Sleep Stage Ap-

pearance Probability̍㧘Transactions on electrical andelectronic engineering, Vol.3㧘pp.688́695㧘2008.11

㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦⌧⌁ਛߩ૕േᖱႎࠍၮߦߒߚࠝࡉࠩ࡯ࡃ࡯ߣ
⌧⌁Ბ㓏಴⃻⏕₸ߩផቯ The manual for scoring sleep defined byAmerican Academy of Sleep Medicine in 2007

contains some rules that, even as an international
standard of sleep stage judgment, include ambi-

guities and are thus compensated by subjective

interpretations of sleep stage scores. This paper

presents a novel method for compensating the
subjective interpretations and judgments anddescribing the judgments in probabilistic terms.

㧙㧙

of American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The

brainwaves, eye movements, and chin EMG ofsleeping subjects are used for the judgment.
These methods above, however, require someelectrodes to be attached to the head and the face
to obtain the brainwaves, eye movements, andchin EMG, thus making the measurements troublesome

to

be

held

on

a

daily

basis.

If

non-invasive measurements of brainwaves, eyemovements, and chin EMG are feasible, or theirequivalent data can be estimated through otherbio-signals, the monitoring of the quality of daily

sleeps, which influences the health condition, will

be easy. In this paper, we discuss the appearance

rate of delta wave occurrences, which is deeply
related with the depth of sleep, can be estimatedbased on the average amount of mutual information calculated by pulse wave signals and body

movements measured non-invasively by thepneumatic method. As a result, the root meanㅺ⣕ᐲߩ㜞޿⁁ᘒࠍᬌ಴ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ୘ੱㆡᔕ

square error between the appearance rate of delta

wave occurrences measured with a polysomno-ဳળ⹤ෳടᘒᐲផቯࠕ࡞ࠧ࡝࠭ࡓࠍឭ᩺ߒ㧘ߎࠇࠍ㧘

14.93%.

ߡታⵝߔࠆ‫ᦨޕ‬ᓟߦ㧘⹏ଔታ㛎߆ࠄ㧘୘ੱㆡ↪ဳࠕⷞ✢⸘᷹ⵝ⟎ࠍ⛔วߒߚળ⹤ෳടᘒᐲផቯᯏ᭴ߣߒ

graphy and the estimated delta pulse was࡞ࠧ࡝࠭ࡓߩ᦭↪ᕈ㧘ߥࠄ߮ߦ࡙࡯ࠩߩળ⹤ෳടᘒ
ᐲߦᔕߓߡࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻߇ᝄࠆ⥰޿ࠍᄌൻߐߖࠆߎ

ᩙේ㓁੺࡮ዊጊ౗ม࡮ᷰㄝཅੑ㇢࡮↰ਛ ඳ㧦‫ޟ‬࿷ቛ੺⼔ߣߩࠗࡦ࠲࡜࡚ࠢࠪࡦߦ߅ߌࠆലᨐࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬

ߦ߅ߌࠆFIM୯ផቯᴺ-ઔ⥁૏߆ࠄ┵࿷߳ߩ⿠߈਄߇ࠅ
േ૞-‫ޠ‬
㧘ੱ㑆Ꮏቇ㧘Vol.44㧘No.2㧘pp.76́81㧘2008.4

 In Japan, 1.4 million patients currently suffer᭑ᧄ⟤㚅㧘ਛ㊁᦭♿ሶ㧦‫ੱޟ‬㧙ੱ㧘ੱ㧙ࡅࡘ࡯ࡑࡦࠛ࡯ࠫ

from paralysis due to impairments to blood ves-ࠚࡦ࠻ߩ␠ળ⊛ࠗࡦ࠲࡜࡚ࠢࠪࡦߦ߅ߌࠆ⸒⺆࡮㕖⸒⺆sels in the brain. In order to prevent them from

No.4, pp.540-556, 2008.

being bed-ridden and to enable them to lead an

ⴕὑߩ㈩⟎ⷙೣ‫ޠ‬, ᣣᧄ⍮⢻ᖱႎࡈࠔࠫࠖቇળ⹹, Vol.20,

 ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘ੱ㧙ੱߣੱ㧙ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩࠗࡦ࠲

independent daily life, significant of recovering࡜࡚ࠢࠪࡦᣇ⇛ߦ㆑޿߇޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒ㧘ੱ㑆ߩⴕ

their abilities in keeping the balance whileേࡕ࠺࡞ߦၮߠ޿ߚࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ࠍታⵝߔࠆ㓙ߦ⠨been significant, and many research activities
have been focused to evaluate these abilities.

⺖㗴ߦ߅ߌࠆੱ㧙ੱ㧘ੱ㧙ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩኻ⹤ࠍ⚛

bodily motion in sitting up on the bed, although࡚ࠢࠪࡦߩਛߢ૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠍಽᨆߒ㧘ࠛ࡯ࠫ

into the standing position. In this research, theߕ㧘ੱ㧙ੱߣੱ㧙ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ኻ⹤ߩၮ␆⊛․ᓽࠍstanding and in walking by their own feet hasᘦߔߴ߈ⷰὐࠍឭ᩺ߔࠆ‫ߪߢߎߎޕ‬㧘ࡄ࠰ࠦࡦᠲ૞

However, there have been few that focus on the᧚ߣߒߡ㧘ߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⸒⺆࡮㕖⸒⺆ⴕὑ߇ࠗࡦ࠲࡜

every patient must follow this step before goingࠚࡦ࠻ߩታⵝߦ೑↪น⢻ߥᣇ⇛ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆ‫߹ޕ‬

sitting up motions were measured by gyro sensorsⷰኤߒ㧘ੱ㧙ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩኻ⹤ߢߪੱߩ⊒⹤㊂߇

quantitatively evaluating the posture changesߣࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬ᰴߦ㧘㕖⸒⺆ⴕὑࠍ฽߼ߚੱ㧙ੱߩⴕὑዋߥߊ㧘⋧ߠߜ߿ᔕ╵߇⒘ߦߒ߆Ꮕߒ᜽߹ࠇߥ޿ߎ

to obtain parameters to construct a system forߩ㈩⟎ⷙೣࠍቯᑼൻߒ㧘ੱ㧙ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩࠗࡦ࠲

and estimate FIM.

࡜࡚ࠢࠪࡦߦ߅޿ߡߎߩⷙೣ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⎕ࠄࠇࠆ߆ࠍ␜ߒ㧘ߎߩ㆑෻߇㧘⋧ߠߜ߿ᔕ╵ߩᄌࠊࠅߦ㧘⍹੗ ੫㧘ਛ㊁᦭♿ሶ㧦‫ߩࠩ࡯࡙ޟ‬ᵈⷞⴕേߦၮߠߊળ⹤

⋧ᚻ⊒⹤߳ߩℂ⸃ࠍ␜ߔߚ߼ߦߥߐࠇߚ⵬ఘ⊛ⴕὑෳടᘒᐲߩផቯ̅ળ⹤ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߦ߅ߌࠆㆡᔕ⊛ળ⹤ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬೙ᓮߦะߌߡ㧙‫ޠ‬㧘ᖱႎಣℂቇળ⺰ᢥ⹹, Vol.49, No.12,
pp. 3835-3846, 2008 ኻ㕙ળ⹤ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘⡞߈ᚻ߇㑐ᔃࠍᜬߞߡળ⹤ߦ
ෳടߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ㧘⹤ߒᚻߪ⡞߈ᚻߩേ૞߿ⷞ✢߆ࠄኤ⍮ߒ㧘Ⓧᭂ⊛ߦෳടߒߡ޿ߥ޿᭽ሶߢ޽ࠇ߫
⹤㗴ࠍᄌ߃ࠆߥߤ㧘ળ⹤ߩౝኈ߿ᣇ⇛ࠍ⺞ᢛߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ㆡᔕ⊛ߥળ⹤೙ᓮ߇น⢻ߥળ⹤ࠛ࡯

Hung-Hsuan Huang, Kateryna Tarasenko, Toyoaki
Nishida, Aleksandra Cerekovic, Vjekoslav Levacic,

Goranka Zoric, Igor S. Pandzic, and Yukiko Nakano㧦“An Agent Based Multicultural Tour Guide Systemwith Nonverbal User Interface”, the International

Journal on Multimodal Interfaces, Vol.1 No.1, ppࠫࠚࡦ࠻ࠍ⋡ᜰߒ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘࡙࡯ࠩߩᵈⷞⴕേ

41-48, Springer Press, April 2008߆ࠄኻ⹤߳ߩෳടᘒᐲࠍផቯߔࠆᯏ᭴ࠍឭ᩺࡮ታⵝ

㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦㕖⸒⺆࡙࡯ࠩࠗࡦ࠲ࡈࠚ࡯ࠬࠍ઻߁ⶄᢙᢥൻ

ߔࠆ‫ߕ߹ޕ‬㧘Wizard-of-Oz ᴺߦࠃࠅ㧘࡙࡯ࠩߩⷞ

ኻᔕဳᣏⴕ᩺ౝࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ

✢ⴕേߩ⸘᷹࠺࡯࠲㧘ળ⹤߳ߩ㑐ᔃૐਅߦ㑐ߔࠆ࡙࡯ࠩߩౝⷰߣઁ⠪ߩⷰኤ㧘⊒⹤ᖱႎࠍ෼㓸ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᰴߦ㧘࡙࡯ࠩߩᵈⷞⴕേࠍಽᨆߒ㧘ℂᗐ⊛ߥળ⹤ෳട
ᘒᐲ߆ࠄㅺ⣕ߒߡ޿ࠆⷞ✢ㆫ⒖ࡄ࠲࡯ࡦࠍหቯߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦ㧘ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߣߩળ⹤ਛߦ࡝ࠕ࡞࠲ࠗࡓߦ
ขᓧߐࠇࠆⷞ✢࠺࡯࠲߆ࠄ㧘୘ੱᏅࠍ⠨ᘦߒߥ߇ࠄ

㧙㧙

The advancement of traffic and computer net-

works makes the world more and more interna-

tionalized and increases the frequency of communications between people who speak different
languages and show different nonverbal behav-

iors. To improve the communication of embodiedconversational agent (ECA) systems with their

NAKAMURA, K. TORAICHI, H. MURAKAMI and Y.

to cover cultural differences emerged. Various

Filters Based on Fluency Sampling Function”, World

human users, the importance of their capability

excellent ECA systems are developed and proposed previously, however, the cross-culturecommunication issues are seldom addressed byresearchers. This paper describes a short-term
project aiming to explore the possibility of rapidly

OHMIYA㧦“A Design Method of Narrow Band FIR

Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society, Vol.9㧘
pp345-366㧘January 2009㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦ࡈ࡞ࠛࡦࠪ࡯ᛛⴚߦၮߠߊ⁜ᏪၞFIRࡈࠖ࡞
࠲ߩ૞ᚑᴺ ࡈ࡞ࠛࡦࠪ࡯ㄭૃᴺߦၮߟ߈‫⁜ޔ‬Ꮺၞ࠺ࠫ࠲࡞ࡈ

building multicultural and the multimodal ECAࠖ࡞࠲ߩ⸳⸘ᴺߩឭ᩺‫ޕ‬ᓥ᧪ߩࡈ࡯࡝ࠛᣇᑼߦᲧߴ㧘90dBએ਄ߩ․ᕈታ⃻ࠍ㧘1/3એਅߩ⸘▚㊂ߢታ⃻‫ޕ‬interfaces for a tour guide system by using a generic framework connecting their functional
blocks.

Y. Ohmiya, M. Nakamura, K. Katagisi, Y. Morooka, K.
Toraichi, H. Murakami㧦“Scalable and High-Precisionᄢችᐽብ࡮ኑᏒ๺↵࡮᧛਄ੳᏆ㧦‫ࠢ࡯ࡢ࠻࠶ࡀޟ‬਄ߩද⺞૞ᬺࠍᡰេߔࠆᄢ್ශ೚‛೙૞ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ‫ޠ‬㧘ශ೚ቇળ⺰ᢥ⹹㧘pp36-45, ╙45Ꮞ3ภ, June 2008

Function-Approximated Images and Its Secure Coding”, World Scientific and Engineering academy andSociety, Transactions on Communications, Issue 9, Vol.

 ᄢဳශ೚ࠍน⢻ߣߔࠆ㧘ශ೚ᚲߣ⊒ᵈ⠪ࠍല₸⊛7, pp.954-963, September 2008ߦࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢൻߔࠆᣇᑼ㨠ߘߩታ㛎⚿ᨐߦߟ޿ߡ

㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦ࠬࠤ࡯࡜ࡉ࡞㜞♖ᐲㄭૃ↹௝ߣߘߩ⒁ඞ╓ภߩႎ๔‫ޕ‬ൻ ࡈ࡞ࠛࡦࠪ࡯ᛛⴚࠍᔕ↪ߒߡ㧘㜞♖ᐲ࡮ࠬࠤ࡯࡜

Ꮉፒ⑲ੑ࡮ ጯ৻⿠࡮ኑᏒ๺↵࡮᧛਄ੳᏆ㧦‫ޟ‬ᕆፋߥㆤᢿ

ࡉ࡞↹௝ㄭૃᴺࠍ㐿⊒ߒ㧘ߘߩᛛⴚߩ᦭ലᕈࠍ⚫੺․ᕈࠍᜬߟࡈ࡞ࠛࡦࠪ࡯FIRࡈࠖ࡞࠲⸳⸘ᴺ㧘㧙ࡂ࡯࠼ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘↹௝⒁ඞᴺ߳ߩᔕ↪ౕ߽૕⊛ߦ␜ߒ࠙ࠚࠕᦨዊൻࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ㧙‫ޠ‬㧘㔚᳇ቇળ⺰ᢥ⹹㧘Vol.

ߚ‫ޕ‬

129-C, No. 3, pp406-417, 3᦬ภ㧘2009 ᦨㄭߩ㖸ჿ㧘↹௝ߩ࠺ࠫ࠲࡞ൻᤨઍߢߪ㧘એਅߦ╽ ቬᓼ࡮ጊ↰ື↵࡮ᷰㆺ৻ⴡ㧦‫ޟ‬ㇱຠ⴫ߩ᭎ᔨࠍ↪޿ߚ㜞ຠ⾰ߦᵄᒻㄭૃߒߟߟ㧘⸘▚㊂ࠍᦨዊൻߔࠆ㧘ᵄ᝼ᬺᖱႎߩ᭴ㅧൻߣ᝼ᬺ⸳⸘‫ޠ‬ᣣᧄe࡜࡯࠾ࡦࠣቇળ⺰ᢥ

ᒻㄭૃᴺ߇ᭂ߼ߡ㊀ⷐߦߥߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫⺰ᧄޕ‬ᢥߢ e࡜࡯࠾ࡦࠣߦࠃࠆ᝼ᬺߢߪ㧘᭽‫ߥޘ‬ᢎ⢒ᣇᴺ߿ᢎ

⹹, Vol.8, pp.4-14, 2008.5

ߪ㧘ࡈ࡞ࠛࡦࠪ࡯ᛛⴚߦၮߕ߈㧘ᓥ᧪ᣇᑼߦᲧߴ㧘

1/3ߩ⸘▚㊂ߢ㧘s/n߇90dbએ਄ߩ․ᕈࠍታ⃻ߔࠆᣇ⢒ᚻᲑ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߚ߼㧘ᜂᒰᢎຬ߇න⁛ߢ᝼ᬺߩ⸳
⸘࡮㐿⊒ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇㔍ߒ޿‫⎇ᧄޕ‬ⓥߢߪ㧘᥉෸ߒᑼࠍ⚫੺‫ޕ‬K. KATAGISHI, K. IKEDA, M. NAKAMURA, K.

ߟߟ޽ࠆ᝼ᬺ⸳⸘ߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߩᚻᴺߢ޽ࠆࠗࡦࠬ࠻TORAICHI, Y. OHMIYA and H. MURAKAMI 㧦“Quadratic Fluency DA Functions as Non-uniformߦ߅ߌࠆ⵾ຠ࡜ࠗࡈࠨࠗࠢ࡞ࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻(PLM:

Sampling

pled-values”,↢↥⸳⸘ߢ೑↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆㇱຠ⴫(BOM㧦Bill Of

Materials)ߩ᭎ᔨࠍ↪޿㧘᝼ᬺ⸳⸘࡮㐿⊒ߦㆡ↪ߔFunctions
World

for

Interpolating

Scientificand࡜࡚ࠢࠪ࠽࡞࠺ࠩࠗࡦߩ⠨߃ᣇࠍࡌ࡯ࠬߦ㧘⵾ㅧᬺ
Production Life-Cycle Management)ߣ㧘⵾ຠ⸳⸘㧘Sam-

Engineering

Academy and Society, Issue 1, Vol. 8, pp125-135,ࠆߎߣࠍ⹜ߺࠆ‫ޕ‬

January 2009㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦ࠨࡦࡊ࡞ାภౝᝌߩߚ߼ߩ㕖✢ᒻᮡᧄൻDA╽ ቬᓼ࡮₹ᧁ᱄਽࡮ᷰㆺ৻ⴡ㧦‫ޟ‬e࡜࡯࠾ࡦࠣߦࠃࠆද

ᄌ឵ᣇᑼ௛ဳ઒ᗐᬺോ૕㛎ታ⠌ߩ᝼ᬺ⸳⸘ߣታᣉ‫┙⑳ޠ‬ᄢቇᖱႎ 㕖╬㑆㓒ࠨࡦࡊ࡞ାภߦߚ޿ߔࠆ‫ޔ‬㜞ຠ⾰DAᄌ឵ᢎ⢒දળ⺰ᢥ⹹, Vol.11, No.1 pp31-35,2008.11

ᣇᑼߩ⚫੺‫࡯ࠪࡦࠛ࡞ࡈޕ‬ᛛⴚwpណ↪ߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘 ߎࠇ߹ߢߩᄢቇᢎ⢒ߢߪ㧘⚻༡ᚢ⇛㧘↢↥▤ℂߩ
ಽ㊁ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘⍮⼂࡮ℂ⺰ߩ⠌ᓧࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ⻠⟵⋡ᮡࠍታ⃻‫ޕ‬
M. HIGUCHI, S. KAWASAKI, K. KATAGISHI, M.

㧙㧙

߇ਛᔃߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᛛᴺ࡮ᚻᴺߩℂ⸃ߣ໧㗴⊒⷗࡮⸃᳿ߥߤߩᔕ↪⢻ജߦߪ㧘ታᬺോࠍㅢߓߡℂ⸃߇㊀ⷐߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄢቇᢎ⢒ߢߪ㧘૕♽⊛ߦᬺോో૕ࠍᛠីߒ㧘ߪ㧘ㄭᐕࠃࠅㄦㅦൻ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇߚࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ࡮ࡑࡀ

ⶄ㔀ߥታᬺോࠍ૕㛎ߔࠆߩߪ࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠆ‫ᧄޕ‬᝼ᬺߪ㧘ࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߣᄌൻߒߟߟ޽ࠆ‫ࡦ࡝ࠕ࠾ࠫࡦࠛߩߎޕ‬ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦᛛⴚߣ㧘ද⺞ቇ⠌ߦࠃࠆᢎ⢒ᣇᴺࠣ࡮ࡊࡠ ࠮ࠬ߅޿ߡ㧘ฦᬺോࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߩ⋡⊛ߦᔕߓࠍ ឭ᩺ߒ㧘
઒ᗐડᬺࠍ⸳ቯߒ㧘ታᬺോࠍࡕ࠺࡞ൻߒ㧘ߚㇱຠ⴫㧔BOM ; Bill of Materials㧕ߩ᭴▽ߦࠃࠅ㧘઒ᗐᬺോࠍ૕㛎ߒߥ߇ࠄᛛᴺ࡮ᚻᴺࠍቇ߮໧㗴⊒ᬺോᖱႎߩ౒᦭ൻ߇ⴕ߃ࠆ‫⎇ᧄޕ‬ⓥߢߪ㧘ࠛࡦࠫ࠾⷗࡮⸃᳿⢻ജࠍ⠌ᓧߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ࠕ࡝ࡦࠣ࡮ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߩ⋡⊛೎BOM᭴▽ߦߟ޿ߡ╽ ቬᓼ࡮ጊ↰ື↵࡮౎ᧁ⧷৻㇢࡮ᷰㆺ৻ⴡ࡮㋈ᧁẢᐔ࡮ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬᬌ⸽ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ೋ߼ߦ㧘⵾ㅧBOM߿ࡢ࡯ࠢ₹ᧁ᱄਽,‫⊛⋡ࠆߌ߅ߦࠬ࠮ࡠࡊ࡮ࠣࡦ࡝ࠕ࠾ࠫࡦࠛޟ‬೎ࠬ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦBOMߥߤ⋡⊛೎BOMߣฦᬺോࡊࡠ࠮

࠻ቇળ⺰ᢥ⹹, Vol.3,No.1, pp31-40, 2008.12

ࠬࠍ⺑᣿ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᰴߦ㧘⋡⊛೎BOMߩ⸳⸘ᣇᴺࠍឭ᩺

BOMߩ⸳⸘ᣇᴺࠍឭ᩺ߒ㧘ࠤ࡯ࠬࠬ࠲࠺ࠖࠍㅢߓߚ

BOMߩ᭴▽‫ޠ‬࿖㓙ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ

ߒ㧘ᦨᓟߦ㧘⥄േ⽼ᄁᯏߩࠤ࡯ࠬࠬ࠲࠺ࠖࠍขࠅ਄
ߍ㧘BOM⸳⸘଀ࠍ␜ߒߡࡊࡠ࠮ࠬᬌ⸽ࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬ ᣂ⵾ຠ㐿⊒ߦ߅ߌࠆࠛࡦࠫ࠾ࠕ࡝ࡦࠣ࡮ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ

ࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠࡔࠞ࠾ࠢࠬቇ⑼Akira Ninomiya, Daisuke Uematsu, and Takeshi

 The authors have studied a simple andacteristics of Magnetized Flux in YBCO-QMG Bulk

tion and propulsion system. It is composed of bulk

easy-to-make superconducting magnetic levita-

Ishigohka : “An Experimental Study on Decay Char-HTS(High Temperature Superconductor) and cir-Material Under AC Magnetic Field”, IEEE Trans. On

cular track made by rubber magnets. The HTS

Applied Superconductivity, Vol.18, No.2, pp1362-1365,

bulk is put in a light weight container made of

2008.6styrofoam. Rubber magnets are commercially㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦੤ᵹ⏛⇇ਅߦ߅ߌࠆYBCO-QMGࡃ࡞ࠢ⿥વ

available low price ones. The levitator is propelledዉ૕ౝߩ⌕⏛⏛᧤ߩᷫ⴮․ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆታ㛎⊛ᬌ⸛

electromagnetically by on-ground coils fed by We have examined the decay characteristics ofcharged capacitor. The system would be one of themagnetized flux in an YBCO-QMG bulk material

most simple and low-cost systems as a first-stepin a weak AC magnetic field with a magnitude

demonstration model of superconducting mag-around the lower critical magnetic field. The fre-netic levitation systems.

quency of the applied magnetic field is 50Hz. The
magnetic field is applied in two directions thatare parallel and perpendicular to the direction of

the original magnetization field which corre-⍹ㇹጟ⁴࡮ੑࡁችᤩ࡮ㄭ⮮␭৻࡮ᷓ㊁⠍ᐔ㧦‫ޟ‬ᄙᢙਗ೉sponds to the C-axis of the YBCO bulk. The
measurements of the magnetized flux decay areల࡮᡼㔚ታ㛎‫ޠ‬ᚑくᄢቇℂᎿቇㇱ⎇ⓥႎ๔㧘Vol.45, No.2,

pp55-59㧘2008.12

performed for one hour. The experimental result

MOSFETࠍ↪޿ߚૐ᷷↪⋥ᵹ㔚Ḯߣ⿥વዉࠦࠗ࡞ߩ

shows that the decay of the magnetic flux depends greatly on the direction of the applied ex-

ternal AC magnetic field. According to our experiment, the decay of the magnetized flux for theperpendicular direction AC magnetic field isabout two times larger to that for the parallel direction.

 The authors have proposed a cryogenic

low-voltage/high-current DC power source using
multi-parallel-connected MOSFERs as an excitation power source of superconducting coils. It has

been confirmed that the power source can operate
at 77K in liquid nitrogen bath. The fundamental

idea and experimental results are presented. The
experiment using 200 MOSFETs connected inparallel are carried out. The forward-direction⍹ㇹጟ⁴࡮ੑࡁችᤩ࡮ਛጊବ੺㧦‫⏛࡯ࡃ࡜ޟ‬⍹⵾౞ᒻ゠㆏
਄ߩ㜞᷷⿥㔚ዉࡃ࡞ࠢ૕ߩ◲ᤃᶋ਄࡮ផㅴⵝ⟎ߩ⹜૞‫ޠ‬ᚑくᄢቇℂᎿቇ⎇ⓥႎ๔㧘Vol.45, No,1, pp1-4, 2008.6

㧙㧙

voltage drop at 77K has been measured. The excitation current of the superconducting coil can beincreased and decreased arbitrarily. The experi-mental results show good prospect of this type of

to deal with such data. We verified the effective-

superconducting coils but also for the forced dis-examinees’ motion data and assess them using

ness of the proposed method by collecting actual

DC power source not only for the excitation of

the proposed method.

charging of the coils.

ዊᣇඳਯ࡮ጊᧄ⚓ᕺሶ㧦‫ޟ‬േ૞ᤨ♽೉࠺࡯࠲߆ࠄߩࠬࠠ࡞

ߩ⥄േ⹏ଔߩ৻⹜ߺ‫ޠ‬㧘ᣣᧄ࠹ࠬ࠻ቇળ⹹, Vol. 4, No. 1,
pp. 65-72, 2008.5

 Though performance testing is an effective way
to assess examinees’ skill in sports or manufac-

Hiroyuki Ogata and Saeko Yamamoto㧦“EstimatingSports Performance Using Recurrent Neural Net-work”, New Trends in Psychometrics, Universal
Academy Press, pp. 371-376, 2008

turing, its CBT implementation is not progressing.

㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦࡝ࠞ࡟ࡦ࠻࠾ࡘ࡯࡜࡞ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢࠍ↪޿ߚ

discusses a method to assess the skill level of an

examinees’ skill from items of which response

Taking golf putt swing as an example, this paperࠬࡐ࡯࠷ߩࡄࡈࠜ࡯ࡑࡦࠬ⹏ଔ

 This research addresses to a method to assess
type is a vector time series. Such response can be

examinee automatically from his motion data. In

seen for example in performance testing likeour previous paper, we used some characteristic

sports or manufacturing. In this paper, we pro-postures extracted from the motion data for as-

pose using recurrent neural network to deal withsessment. However, this method cannot take thethis problem. We verified the effect of the pro-timing of motion or the process between the pos-

posed method by obtaining examinees’ data usingtures into account. Here, we propose using a re-motion capture device and calculating their skill

current neural network (RNN) to deal with thislevel using the recurrent neural network.

problem. We applied the quasi-Newton method toaccelerate the learning process, and the minimum
description length principle to decide the network᧛᧻ᄢ๋࡮෩ ⛽ᆹ࡮᧻ᧄ 㓉㧦‫ࠣࡦࡒࠗ࡜ࠢ࡞ࡅޟ‬ᴺ

configuration. We verified the effectiveness of theࠍ↪޿ߚ᡹᠄ߦᒝ޿ࠝࡦ࡜ࠗࡦ⟑ฬ⹺⸽ࠕ࡞ࠧ࡝࠭ࡓ‫ޠ‬㧘tion data and assess their skill with RNN.

pp.983-988㧘2008.10

proposed method by using actual examinees’ mo-㔚 ሶ ᖱ ႎ ㅢ ା ቇ ળ ⺰ ᢥ ⹹ A 㧘 Vol. J91-A, No.10, ࠝࡦ࡜ࠗࡦ⟑ฬ⹺⸽ߩ⣀ᒙᕈߩ৻ߟߣߒߡࡅ࡞ࠢ
ዊᣇඳਯ࡮ጊᧄ⚓ᕺሶ㧦‫ࡢ࠻࠶ࡀ࡞࡜࡯ࡘ࠾࠻ࡦ࡟ࠞ࡝ޟ‬࡜ࠗࡒࡦࠣᴺࠍ↪޿ߚ᡹᠄߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⺰ᧄޕ‬࡯ࠢߦࠃࠆࡄ࠲࡯ࠬࠗࡦࠣࠬࠠ࡞ߩ⥄േ⹏ଔ‫ޠ‬㧘♖ኒᎿቇᢥߢߪߎߩ᡹᠄ߦᒝ޿⹺⸽ࠕ࡞ࠧ࡝࠭ࡓߣߒߡ᡹᠄

 The progress of information technology and theߦ೑↪ߐࠇࠆࡅ࡞ࠢ࡜ࠗࡒࡦࠣᴺࠍㅒߦ⹺⸽ࠪࠬ࠹

the growth of computer-based testing (CBT),๔ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬

ળ⹹, Vol. 74, No. 11, pp. 1210-1214, 2008.11

ࡓߦ೑↪ߔࠆᚻᴺࠍᬌ⸛ߒ㧘ߘߩೋᦼታ㛎⚿ᨐࠍႎ

popularization of the personal computer brought

which utilizes computer to hold an exam and rate

examinees. Most of the current CBT can be re-┄↰ ᖗ㧘ጯᧄ๺ਯ㧘ᬀᧁ ବ㧘ጊᩮᐽ㇌㧦‫ޟ‬ᶧ᥏࠺ࠖࠬ

garded as an extension of the paper-and-pencil

ࡊ࡟ࠗߦⷐ᳞ߐࠇࠆ㤥࡟ࡌ࡞ߩノᐲ‫ޠ‬㧘ᤋ௝ᖱႎࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ

achievement of the examinees. On the other hand,were conducted to evaluate the required lumi-

exam, and aim to assess the knowledge or theቇળ⹹㧘63Ꮞ㧘3ภ㧘pp.349-354㧘2009.3

very few CBT systems address assessing examinees’ skill in sports or manufacturing.

 This paper discusses a method to evaluate
examinees’ physical skill from their motion data,taking golf putt swing as an example. The motion

data is generally represented as a vector time se-ries. The recurrent neural network is introduced㧙㧙

 This paper describes two experiments thatnance of the black level on liquid crystal displays(LCDs) as a function of the average luminance ofa displayed image, the screen illuminance, andangular screen size. In the first experiment, 18

subjects adjusted the luminance level of the black
region of various still video images, which had

different average luminance levels, until they

perceived them as black. The results revealed

for LCDs are also discussed. These results can be

an LCD as a function of the average luminance oftems for LCDs.

applied to the design of luminance-control sys-that the required luminance of the black level ofa displayed image corresponds to the following
formula: BL1= 0.137×AL 0.46. BL1 is the lumi-ᚑ↰᣽ᐔ࡮ᐘ⇌㓳ੱ࡮㥲⮮ᵗม㧦‫ࡦ࠴࠶ࠛࠬ࡟ࡑ࠭࡜ࡊޟ‬nance of the level perceived as black, and AL isࠣߦࠃࠅᒻᚑߒߚࠣ࡞࡯ࡉ⁁߅ࠃ߮ࡂ࠾ࠞࡓ⁁࠹ࠢࠬ࠴the second experiment, 22 subjects adjusted thevol. 46, No.1, pp. 38-41㧘2009.2

the average luminance of the displayed image. In
luminance of a black region embedded in theࡖ࡯᭴ㅧࠪ࡝ࠦࡦᄥ㓁㔚ᳰߩ․ᕈ‫ޠ‬㧘᧚ᢱߩ⑼ቇߣᎿቇ
 Reflection loss of silicon solar cells can be re-duced by texturization of the surfaces. In thiscenter of a screen with uniform luminance, understudy, crystalline silicon substrates were treateddifferent screen illuminance levels and angularwith cholorine trifluoride (ClF3) to create thescreen sizes, until they perceived it as black. The
results revealed that the required luminance ofgroove- and honeycomb-textured structures. We

the black level of an LCD as a function of themainly investigated optical and electrical proper-

screen illuminance and background luminance ofties of the textured surfaces. By the treatment

the black region corresponds to the following

with ClF3 gas, the reflectance of the groove- andformula: log BL2= 0.44 log Ei + 0.62 log Lbg -1.8.

honeycomb-textured surfaces were obtained to be

black, Ei is the screen illuminance level, and Lbg

lengths of 600nm. The solar cells using the tex-

BL2 is the luminance of the level perceived as

about 17% and 21%, respectively, at the wave-

is the background luminance of the black region.

tured substrates were fabricated and their per-

The angular size of the screen did not influence

formance was evaluated.

the required luminance of the black level of the
LCDs.

ችౝ⦟ᓆ࡮㥲⮮ᵗม㧦‫࡞ࠥ࡮࡞࠱ޟ‬ᴺߦࠃࠅ૞⵾ߒߚ࠲ࡦ
࠲࡞ᷝട㉄ൻࡃ࠽ࠫ࠙ࡓ⤑ߩ㔚᳇⊛․ᕈ‫ޠ‬㧘㔚ሶᖱႎㅢା┄↰ ᖗ㧘⠀ේ ੫㧘ਛ᧛⧐⍮㧘㊁ᧄᒄᐔ㧘ጊᎹᱜ᮸㧦‫↹ޟ‬ቇળ⺰ᢥ⹹ C㧘vol.J91-C㧘No.10㧘pp.498-499㧘2008.10

௝ߩᐔဋノᐲ࡟ࡌ࡞㧘ⷰⷞ⠪ߩᐕ㦂㧘ᾖ᣿ⅣႺࠍ⠨ᘦߒ ੑ㉄ൻࡃ࠽ࠫ࠙ࡓ(VO2)ߪ68͠ߦ߅޿ߡ⋧ォ⒖ߦ

ߚᶧ᥏࠺ࠖࠬࡊ࡟ࠗߩノᐲ೙ᓮ‫ޠ‬㧘ᤋ௝ᖱႎࡔ࠺ࠖࠕቇળ

ࠃࠆᛶ᛫₸߇ᕆᄌߔࠆߎߣ߇⍮ࠄࠇ㧘߹ߚᛶ᛫₸߽

 We investigated what influences the averageᲧセ⊛ૐ޿ߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ࡏࡠࡔ࡯࠲↪ᬌ಴ㇱ᧚ᢱߣߒ

illuminance, and viewers ages had on the pre-ࠅ߆ߥࠅ㜞޿ߎߣ㧘᷷ᐲጁᱧߦࠃࠆࡅࠬ࠹࡝ࠪࠬࠍ

⹹㧘62Ꮞ㧘6ภ㧘pp. 931-936㧘2008.6

ߡታ↪ൻߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘⋧ォ⒖᷷ᐲ߇ቶ᷷ࠃ

luminance level (ALL) of displayed images, screen↢ߓࠆߎߣߥߤߩ໧㗴ὐ߇޽ࠆ‫⎇ᧄޕ‬ⓥߢߪ㧘࠱࡞-

ferred luminance of LCDs. Twenty young subjects

ࠥ࡞ᴺࠍ↪޿ߡV1㧙xTaxOy⤑ߩ૞⵾ࠍⴕ޿㧘ᛶ᛫ߩ

adjusted the luminance of a 17-inch 1000: 1 LCD᷷ᐲଥᢙ㧔TCR㧕ߩᄢ߈ߐࠍ⛽ᜬߒ㧘ࡅࠬ࠹࡝ࠪࠬ

experimental conditions. The results indicate that⹜ߺߚ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬ᨐ㧘㉄ൻࡃ࠽ࠫ࠙ࡓ⤑ߦ࠲ࡦ࠲࡞ࠍ

the following formula: Lp = k × ALL α . This isォ⒖᷷ᐲߩૐਅࠍታ⃻ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬TCRߩᷫዋࠍᛥ೙ߔ

LCDs, k is a constant, and ALL is the averageวߩᕈ⢻⹏ଔ߇੹ᓟߩ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬(mean age: 21.8) and 24 seniors (mean age: 68.9)

monitor to their preferred levels under differentߩჇᄢࠍᛥ߃ߟߟ⋧ォ⒖᷷ᐲߩૐ᷷஥߳ߩࠪࡈ࠻ࠍ

the preferred luminance of LCDs corresponded toᷝടߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘ࡅࠬ࠹࡝ࠪࠬߩᷫዋ߅ࠃ߮⋧where Lp is the peak white luminance of theࠆߚ߼ߩㆶర᧦ઙߩᦨㆡൻߣࡏࡠࡔ࡯࠲ߦ↪޿ߚ႐

luminance level of the displayed images. Here, α

Takashi SAKAI, Shinzo KASAI and Koji YAMA-

and from -0.14 to -0.17 for the young subjects. The

of Several Bowls by Laser Microscope and FFT”,

is a constant from -0.19 to -0.20 for the seniors
influences of age-related changes in vision andambient lighting on the luminance requirements

MOTO : “Quantitative Analysis on Macro-Fluctuation
Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials,

Rapid Communications,Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 210-214, Mar㧙㧙

2009

erties.

㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦‫ࠩ࡯࡟ޟ‬ᄌ૏⸘ߣFFT⸃ᨆߦࠃࠆᏂⷞ⊛ߥ㒻

this healing component is evaluated quantita-tion and healing of pottery by a famous potter:ེ⴫㕙ᕈ⁁ߩቯ㊂⊛⹏ଔ‫ޠ‬

tively using fractal dimensions, and transfer

 In recent years, the expression “healing”, rep-technology is established based on these quanti-

resented by 1/f fluctuations is frequently used.

tative data.

Most typically classical music, along with light,

This is the most important charac-

teristic of the contribution made by this study.

patterns, heat, wind, and shape comfort humans.

This is because biological rhythms of physiological actions such as cardiac beats and alpha brain

It is no imitation or pastiche of fluctua-㈬੗ ቁ࡮═੗ାਃ࡮ጊᧄ⠹ᴦ㧦‫ޟ‬Ꮒⷞ⊛㗔ၞߦ߅ߌࠆ

waves have 1/f wavelengths like these fluctua-㒻ེ⴫㕙ᕈ⁁ߩቯ㊂⊛⹏ଔ㧙ઃടଔ୯ࠍ᦭ߔࠆォ౮ᛛⴚ On the other hand, in the scene of metalwork-

44-48㧘2009.1

tions.

ing, productivity and efficiency are of greatestߩ⏕┙ ╙৻ႎ㧙‫ޠ‬㧘႟ᕈߣടᎿ㧘╙50Ꮞ, ╙576ภ, pp.

In order to evaluate the relaxation and surface

importance. As a result, products with “warmth”

irregularity of the famous artist’s bowl and otherbeing crowded out, along with technical problems.

developed by applying the concept of fractals, a

analytical objects, an analytical procedure wasand “taste” by skilled craftsman’s handwork are

hyperbola model of the Richardson effect, andThere are some trials of expert systems, which

FFT analysis.

incorporate masters’ works by skilled craftsmen

summarized as follows: (1) To evaluate the ir-

into control programs for machinery. However,regular surface of relaxation quantitatively, anthey have not been put into practical use yet, andanalytical system using a high-resolution laser

additional studies from other aspects are needed.

 Against such a background, this study parOurdesignandlished.

(2) It was found that the famous artist’s

mension D and the FFT parameters.

analyti-(3) The(4) In order

to apply the design of a mechanical structure in a

production.

later study, the target value of the fractal dimen-

Products manufactured using this transfer tech-sion was estimated as D㧩2.4.

nology will have extra value of a peculiar healing
effect. Such products will provide healing effects

anfectively evaluated by combining the fractal di-

Therefore, only efficiency has been considered as
their

and

geometrical irregularity of the surface can be ef-

Die forgings

are manufactured in a mass-production line.
indeveloped,

self-similarity in wide resolution ranges.

transfers this fluctuation on die forging surfaces

importantwasbowl has a fractal nature and a relative

ultimate goal is to establish technology thator machinery structure surfaces.

sensorcal-procedure-developed mesh method was estab-ticularly addresses healing and fluctuation according to the surface properties of a solid.

The main results of this study are

to workers also during manufacturing processes,

Takashi SAKAI, Shinzo KASAI and Koji YAMA-This report addresses macroscopic surfaceof Several Bowls by Scanning Laser Microscope”,

as well as to consumers.

properties of pottery by a famous potter, a masterpiece of fluctuation and healing, and discusses
its quantitative evaluation including fractal di-mension D using Fractal geometry conducted as

MOTO : “Quantitative Analysis on Micro-Fluctuation
Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials,
Rapid Communications, Vol.3, No.1, pp.69-74, Jan
2009

Specifically, we have aimed at㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦‫⿛ޟ‬ᩏဳ࡟࡯ࠩ㗼ᓸ㏜ߦࠃࠆᓸⷞ⊛ߥ㒻ེ⴫

components towards future transfer technology

ties of a famous potter’s bowl and other objects

the first stage.

obtaining quantitative data of effective healing㕙ᕈ⁁ߩቯ㊂⊛⹏ଔ‫ޠ‬

establishment by means of quantitative evalua-tion using fractal dimension D for surface prop-㧙㧙

 Relaxation, fluctuation and surface irregulari-were evaluated with an analytical procedure developed by applying fractal concepts and theImportant results of thiseless drawing. In other words, the geometricalanalytical system using a scanning laser micro-

satisfied in this process. Finally, it is found that

Richardson effect.

study can be summarized as follows.

similarity with the minimization of dimension is(1) Anthe surface roughness of microtube maintains ascope system was developed to evaluate the ir-

constant value in the dieless drawing process.

regular surface of fluctuations quantitatively; ananalytical procedure to develop the Mesh method
was established.

(2) Irregular surfaces in microareas of the analyzed objects have a fractal na-

ture: (a) the famous potter’s bowl, (b) the original

handmade bowl, (c) the original handmade coffee
cup, and (d) the Black teacup.

㈬੗ ቁ㧦
‫ޟ‬ᓸ⚦⚿᥏☸⚐ࠕ࡞ࡒ࠾࠙ࡓߩ⚵❱೙ᓮߦࠃࠆ
႟ᕈടᎿᕈะ਄߳ߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴㨭㧘ᄤ↰㊄ዻടᎿᯏ᪾ᛛⴚ

ᝄ⥝⽷࿅⎇ⓥ᭎ⷐႎ๔ᦠ㧔20㧕
㧘pp. 15-18㧘2008.4(3) The famous

potter’s bowl has a fractal nature and relative
self-similarity over wide analytical ranges.

(4) ㊄ዻ᧚ᢱࠍว㊄ൻߖߕߦᒝ߭ߕߺടᎿࠍᣉߔߎߣ
ߢ㧘࡝ࠨࠗࠢ࡞ᕈ߿ᒝᐲ㧘⠴㘩ᕈߦఝࠇߚ‫ࡄ࡯ࠬޟ‬࡯ࡔ࠲࡞‫߇ޠ‬ഃ⵾ߐࠇࠆ‫ᦨޕ‬ㄭߪ1µmએਅߩ⚿᥏☸

Fractal dimensions and the nature of relaxationᓘࠍᜬߟ㜞ᒝᐲࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࡔ࠲࡞߽㐿⊒ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘for application to the design of a mechanical㊂ൻ߇ታ⃻ߐࠇ㧘Ά⾌ะ਄ߦࠃࠆ⋭ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ൻ߿

were connected as D=2.4.

This value is usefulstructure in later studies.

ߎࠇࠍᐢ▸ߥ↥ᬺಽ㊁߳ᔕ↪ߔࠆߎߣߢߐࠄߥࠆシੑ㉄ൻ὇⚛᡼಴㊂ߩૐᷫߦነਈߔࠆߎߣߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࡔ࠲࡞ߪ㧘⚐㊄ዻߩ⚵❱ࠍဋ৻ߦ⿥

Tsuyoshi FURUSHIMA, Ken-ichi MANABE and Ta-ᓸ⚦☸ߦ೙ᓮߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘ᓸ⚦ൻࠍଦㅴߔࠆว㊄ర

kashi SAKAI : “Fabrication of Superplastic Micro-⚛ࠍᄢ㊂ߦᷝടߔࠆߎߣߥߊHall-Petchೣߦᓥ޿㜞tion,Vol. 49, No. 6, pp. 1365-1371, Jun 2008ᕈ߽ታ⃻ߔࠆߚ߼㧘႟ᕈടᎿߦ߅ߌࠆⵍടᎿ᧚ߣߒ
ߡᄢ߈ߥน⢻ᕈࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦‫⿥ޟ‬႟ᕈ࠳ࠗ࡟ࠬᒁᛮ߈ߦࠃࠆࡑࠗࠢࡠ࠴ࡘ

ߥ߇ࠄ㧘ߘߩടᎿ․ᕈߦߟ޿ߡߪోߊਇ᣿ߢ޽ࠅ㧘࡯ࡉߩഃᚑታ㛎‫ޠ‬ߎߩ᧚ᢱ߇Ꮢ႐ߦᵹㅢߔࠆએ೨ߦචಽߥ․ᕈࠍᛠី

tubes Using Drawing Process”, Materials Transac-

 Microtube is commonly used and required, par-ticularly as micro components in micro-systemᒝᐲൻ߇ታ⃻ߢ߈ࠆ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬㜞ᒝᐲߛߌߢߥߊ㜞ᑧߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
 ㊄ዻ᧚ᢱߩᓸⷞ⊛ߥ․ᕈߦ⌕⋡ߒߚ႐ว㧘technologies (MST) and micro electro-mechanical

SEM-EBSD⚿᥏ᣇ૏⸃ᨆࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ᥉෸ߦࠃࠅ⚿ess of microtube using superplastic dieless tube᥏☸ߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎߪ቟ᤃ߆ߟ㘧べ⊛ߦჇ㊂ߒߚ‫ߒޕ‬

systems (MEMS). In this paper, fabrication procdrawing was studied experimentally. Superplastic߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘㊄ዻ⚵❱ቇࠍኾ㐷ߣߔࠆ⎇ⓥ⠪߇ᄢ㊂

diameter of 2 mm and wall thickness of 0.5 mm. Aߡ႟ᕈടᎿቇߩಽ㊁ߢߪࡑࠢࡠߥᄌᒻ߿ടᎿᕈߦߟ

material used is Al-78Zn alloy tube with outerߩ⚿᥏ᣇ૏࠺࡯࠲ࠍ଻᦭ߔࠆ৻ᣇ㧘ߎࠇߣߪ⁛┙ߒ޿ߡ⎇ⓥߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߇⃻⁁ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬᳿ߒߡㅪ

high-frequency induction heating apparatus with៤߇ขࠇߡ޿ࠆߣߪ⸒߃ߕ㧘㊄ዻ⚵❱ቇߦ߅ߌࠆ᧚

ing. In the experiment of single pass dielessdrawing, the effect of drawing conditions such as߽ขࠅ౉ࠇࠆߴ߈ߣ⠨߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬and cooler and tensile speed on deformation pro-⺞ߴࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘႟ᕈᄌᒻᤨߩฦᔕജ⁁ᘒࠍචಽߦ

air cooling nozzle was used for the dieless draw-

forming temperature, distance between heater
file, was clarified. Furthermore, in three-pass di-eless drawing, a microtube with outer and innerdiameters of 343µm and 161µm respectively canᢱߩᓸⷞ⊛ߥᄌᒻ․ᕈࠍⓍᭂ⊛ߦ႟ᕈടᎿߩಽ㊁ߦ ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪవ㚟⊛ߦࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࡔ࠲࡞ߩടᎿ․ᕈࠍ

⠨ᘦߒ㧘ᓸⷞ⊛ߥ⚿᥏᭴ㅧࠍ೙ᓮߔࠆߎߣߢ㘧べ⊛ߦടᎿᕈࠍะ਄ߐߖߚ㊄ዻ᧚ᢱߩഃ⵾ᛛⴚ⏕┙ࠍᦨ⚳⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ‫ోߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬૕⸘↹ߩ߁ߜ㧘ᧄ↳⺧ߢߪ․ߦએਅߩ2ὐߦߟ޿ߡ㊀ὐ⊛ߦ⎇ⓥࠍㅴ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬be fabricated successfully. In addition, from the ࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࡔ࠲࡞ߦઍ⴫ߐࠇࠆᒝ߭ߕߺടᎿࠍᣉߒ

it is confirmed that the ratio of inner to outer tubeߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߣ᧚ᢱ․ᕈ߇ోߊ⇣ߥࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘႟ᕈട

experimental results and fundamental principles,

diameters maintains a constant value during di-㧙㧙

ߚᓸ⚦⚿᥏☸᧚ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ㧘੹ᣣ߹ߢᏒ႐ߦᵹㅢߒ

Ꮏᤨߦ߅ߌࠆ᭽‫ߥޘ‬ᔕജ⁁ᘒ߿ᄌᒻ᜼േ㧘ߥࠄ߮ߦis the motion controller for wheelchair-type mo-ടᎿ㒢⇇ߥߤ߇⇣ߥࠆ‫ߢߎߘޕ‬㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢ࿖ౝᄖߢ

bile robots based on optical flow field. The vi-⎇ⓥኻ⽎ߣߐࠇߡ߈ߚ᭽‫⩄⽶ߺߕ߭ߥޘ‬᭽ᑼਅߢᒝ

sion-based߭ߕߺടᎿߐࠇߚᓸ⚦⚿᥏☸᧚ߦኻߔࠆ႟ᕈടᎿ․lidity of these approaches are evaluated by ex-ᘒࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚ᧚ᢱ⸳⸘߇ਇนᰳߢ޽ࠆ‫ߜࠊߥߔޕ‬㧘

perimental results.

‫ޟ‬ㆡ᧚ㆡᚲ‫ࠆߥޠ‬⠨߃ᣇࠍᒰ⹥ಽ㊁ߦᔕ↪ߒߚ‫ޟ‬ㆡߡᧄ⎇ⓥߦ߅ߌࠆ᭽‫▎ߥޘ‬ᚲߦᔕ↪ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬theman operator through force interaction. The va-᧚ᢱߩᓸⷞ⊛᜼േࠍᛠីߒߚ਄ߢ㧘ฦㇱ૏ߩᔕജ⁁␆࠺࡯࠲ࠍ⫾Ⓧߔࠆ‫ࠬ࡯ࡌ࠲࡯࠺ࠍࠇߎߚ߹ޕ‬ൻߒ

conducts

namic environmental change transmitted to hu- ᧚ᢱߩ႟ᕈᄌᒻᕈࠍ㘧べ⊛ߦะ਄ߐߖࠆߚ߼ߦߪ㧘⚿᥏࠺࡯࠲ߣߘࠇߦኻᔕߔࠆᯏ᪾⊛ᕈ⾰ߦ㑐ߔࠆၮ

controller

force-related motion. Then, the vision makes dy-ᕈߦߟ޿ߡ⺞ᩏߔࠆ‫ޕ‬⚵❱ㆡᚲ‫ࠍޠ‬ታⴕߔࠆ਄ߢ㧘⚿᥏ᣇ૏ߦઍ⴫ߐࠇࠆ

feedback

Sung-Hwan Shin, Jeong-Guon Ih, T. Hashimoto and S.
Hatano : “Sound quality evaluation of the booming
sensation for passenger cars”, Applied Acoustics ߎߩࠃ߁ߥో૕⸘↹ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘ฦ⒳vol.70, pp.309-320, 2009.2

಄㑆ᒝ߭ߕߺടᎿߦࠃߞߡ⚿᥏☸ᓸ⚦ൻߐࠇߚ⚐ࠕ㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦ਸ਼↪ゞゞౝ㖸ߩߎ߽ࠅᗵߦߟ޿ߡߩ㖸⾰⹏ଔ࡞ࡒ࠾࠙ࡓߩන⚿᥏᧚ߩᦛߍടᎿߦߣ߽ߥ߁⚿᥏ᣇoccurs when pure or narrow band tones related to૏ߩᄌൻࠍSEM-EBSD⸃ᨆ߆ࠄ⺞ᩏߒ㧘ᓸ⚦⚿᥏☸
᧚ߩ․⇣ߥᦛߍടᎿ․ᕈߦ㑐ߒߡ⠨ኤࠍട߃ߚ‫߹ޕ‬ߚ㧘⚐ࠕ࡞ࡒ࠾࠙ࡓࠍਛᔃߣߒߡᐢ▸ߥ᧚ᢱߦኻߔ
ࠆ⚿ᨐߩᲧセ߽ⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬N. Oda, M. Ito and M. Shibata : “Vision-based motion

control for robotic systems”, Transaction on Electricaland Electronic Engineering, Vol.4㧘No.2㧘pp.176́183,
2009.2㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦ࡠࡏ࠶࠻ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߦኻߔࠆⷞⷡߦၮߠߊࡕ࡯
࡚ࠪࡦࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞

 The paper presents recent advances of vi-

sion-based motion control for robotic systems. The
visual feedback loop is very effective for increasing the dexterity and flexibility of robot’s task.

With the development of vision and computer

technology, the visual feedback applications are

remarkably expanded for various robotic systems.
In the paper, at first, a variety of vision-based

approaches in Japan are overviewed from theviewpoint of motion control scheme, and funda-

mental formulations of visual servo controller aredescribed. And two kinds of visual feedback ap-

plications are introduced with several experimental evaluations. The first one is non-delayed

visual tracking approach using active stereo vision. It is found that the target motion estimation

is an important issue for fast tracking. The other㧙㧙

 Automotive booming noise due to powertrain
the firing frequency of engine and its harmonics

excite the passenger cavity, which entails aprominent increase of sound intensity. The booming sensation has been considered as very im-

portant to the acoustic comfort of passengers. In
this study, a sound quality index which can objectively evaluate the booming sensation was de-

rived. Because of the tonal nature of powertrain
booming noise, subjective pitch was employed tofind only aurally relevant tonal components
which influence the booming sensation as well as

the loudness of the sound in question. Using theempirical data and the frequency difference limen
for just-noticeable change of booming sensation

obtained from the listening test, an existing pitch
extraction algorithm was modified. The modified

pitch model was applied to the interior noises ofaccelerating passenger cars together with theloudness analysis for representing the objective
feature of booming feeling. Subjective tests using

the magnitude estimation method were conducted

for booming sensation using varions booming
sounds. Finally, booming strength was proposedfor quantifying the booming sensation, which wasvalidated by subjective results. The correlation

coefficient between the derived booming strengthand the booming sensation was as high as 0.926.

౒ ㅢ ၮ ␆
K. Tanaka, K. Kohayakawa, S. Iwata, and T. Irie :“Application of 2-Pyridyl Substituted Hemithioindigo

as a Molecular Switch in Hydrogen Bonded Por-phyrins”, J. Org. Chem., Vol. 73, No. 10, pp. 3768-3774,

ᱞ⮮ஜ৻㇢࡮ᷡ᳓ ⵨㧦‫ࠆࠃߦ࡯࠳࡯ࠦ࡟ࠢ࡯ࡑࠗࠕޟ‬೶㆏ክ್ߩⷞ✢⎇ⓥ㧦ߒ߆ߌߡ޿ߊᛛߩ್ቯࠍߣ߅ߒߡ‫ޠ‬㧘ᱞ㆏ቇ⎇ⓥ㧘╙41Ꮞ ╙㧞ภ㧘pp1-11㧘2009.2

2008. 5㇌ᢥ㗴⋡㧦2-ࡇ࡝ࠫ࡞⟎឵ߒߚࡋࡒ࠴ࠝࠗࡦࠫࠧߩ᳓⚛
⚿วࡐ࡞ࡈࠖ࡝ࡦ♽ߢߩಽሶࠬࠗ࠶࠴ߣߒߡߩᔕ↪

 When the photochromism of 2-(3’-pyridylmethylene)-7-ethylbenzo[b]thiophen-3(2H)-ones (1) was in-vestigated, the high thermal stability of the E

isomer of 1, 1 (E), and good repeatability of the In this research, we take note of Kendo referee’s viewpoints. The purpose is to make clear the
viewpoints of the subjects with different skills

when judging the match close to the real one, andto obtain suggestions to improve the skill of thereferee. By using the Eye-mark Recorder, we did

the test to judge the match projected on the big
screen. Picking up the ̌ Shikaketeiku-waza ̍photoinduced E, Z-isomerization were found.

from test, we tried to understand how they are

1(Z) and 1(E) with the ureidoporphyrin 2 andwith different skills and viewpoints towards the

Association constants of the 1:1 complexations ofwith the pentafluorobenzamidoporphyrin 3 wereusing their viewpoints. Comparing the subjects
process of ̌datotsu̍, we got the following.

We found that 2 captures 1(E) pref-(1) Who have higher skill put their Viewpoints on1(E).

Based on these differences in the binding

don’t change at all during the process of mov-

ment

of

evaluated.

erentially to 1(Z) and, reversely, 3 prefers 1(Z) toability, we concluded that the repeatable movethe

hemithioindigo,so-calledthehemithioindigo shuttle, between two kinds ofporphyrins was controlled by the photoirradiation.
These movements were applied to create a molecular switch for changes in the quinone distribution between two kinds of porphyrins.

㧙㧙

the center zone of the player at any time, and
ing.

(2) Who have higher skill put their viewpoints

into space, and won’t get interrupted much byother things.