Technology Options for Emission Mitigation inIndian Residential and Transport Sectors
Manmohan Kapshe1, Satish Yawale2 and Aashish Deshpande3

Abstract
It is well established that energy is a fundamental component for economic development and inturn any development is associated with immense growth in energy demand. Technology options
in combination with choice of energy sources are the key factors to analyze energy relatedemissions. In recent years, technology choices, especially in residential and transport sector ofIndia, have attracted the attention of policymakers because of their ability to mitigate emissions.
People have also become interested in adopting new technologies because of growing purchasing
power and easy availability. It is expected that the mitigation from residential and transport sector
would be long lasting for local and global environment as it would also bring out lifestylechanges. Further, it would be easier to bring about changes in residential and transport sector due
to short life span of endues technologies and comparatively lower costs. This research therefore
focuses on mitigation of energy emission via technology options in Indian residential andtransport sector.
In this research a bottom-up linear optimization modelling tool ‘AIM/Enduse’ is used to analyze
the technology selection within the system. A detailed database of technologies for Indian
residential and transport sector has been prepared for the analysis. The purpose of the study isfour fold, first is to study the drivers of service demand and understand how they affect emissions
from residential and transport sector. Second is to identify fuel mix for future energy supply.
Third is to find out optimal end-use technology options and the last is to develop suitablescenarios for carrying out analysis that helps in reducing energy demand and emissions.
In the present work, to reduce the CO2 emissions from both the sectors, four scenarios aredescribed. The Business-as Usual (BaU) scenario assumes continuation with present trend.
Constraint on Carbon (CoC) scenario is developed to estimate the mitigation potential. Taxes onCarbon (ToC) scenario is based on the assumption of energy and emission taxes. The fourth
scenario is Renewable Energy Technology (RET) scenario. This scenario is helpful in moving
towards low carbon development and understanding the policies required for encouraging
renewable energy technologies.
The major findings from the analysis show that in ToC scenario, transport sector has higher
potential to mitigate emission where as in RET, residential sector takes the prominent position.
This indicates that with lifestyle change people are more adapted towards renewabletechnologies. It is estimated that advances in technologies and upcoming renewable options canbring down the CO2 emission by 42% in year 2050 in comparison to the BaU Scenario.
Modelling output from the present work has projected upcoming technology combination inalternate scenarios. The output of the research will be helpful in providing required insights for
future actions and defining renewable energy technology share, enabling low carbon developmentin India.
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1

Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India
NRI Institute of Information Science and Technology, Bhopal, India
3
National Institute of Technical Teachers' Training and Research, Bhopal, India
2