"Atoms for Peace"

Dwight David Eisenhower: "Atomsfor Peace" delivered 8 December
1953
Madam President and Members of the General Assembly:
国連事務総長ハマーショルド

国連総会

When Secretary General Hammarskjold ’s invitation to address this General Assembly
reached me in Bermuda, I was just beginning a series of conferences with the Prime
Ministers and Foreign Ministers of Great Britain and of France. Our subject was some of取り巻く

the problems that beset our world.
残りの時間

バミューダ会議

私の行き先にはDuring the remainder of the Bermuda Conference, I had constantly in mind that aheadof me lay a great honor. That honor is mine today, as I stand here, privileged to address theGeneral Assembly of the United Nations.
優遇At the same time that I appreciate the distinction of addressing you, I have a sense of
喜び

exhilaration as I look upon this Assembly. Never before in history has so much hope for so
深慮many people been gathered together in a single organization. Your deliberations

and重苦しいdecisions during these somber years have already realized part of those hopes.
But the great tests and the great accomplishments still lie ahead. And in the confident
大統領職

expectation of those accomplishments, I would use the office which, for the time being, I
hold, to assure you that the Government of the United States will remain steadfast in its
組織

support of this body. This we shall do in the conviction that you will provide a great share of
the wisdom, of the courage, and the faith which can bring to this world lasting peace for all
nations, and happiness and well-being for all men.
一方的なClearly, it would not be fitting for me to take this occasion to present to you a unilateral
American report on Bermuda. Nevertheless, I assure you that in our deliberations on that引き起こす

lovely island we sought to invoke those same great concepts of universal peace and human
刻まれた国連憲章

dignity which are so cleanly etched in your Charter. Neither would it be a measure of this
読む

偽善的な

陳腐な決まり文句

great opportunity merely to recite, however hopefully, pious platitudes.
I therefore decided that this occasion warranted my saying to you some of the things thatI"Atoms for Peace"
関係者

have been on the minds and hearts of my legislative and executive associates, and on mine,for a great many months -- thoughts I had originally planned to say primarily to theAmerican people.
I know that the American people share my deep belief that if a danger exists in the world, it
is a danger shared by all; and equally, that if hope exists in the mind of one nation, thathope should be shared by all.
緩和する

Finally, if there is to be advanced any proposal designed to ease even by the smallest
ふさわしい聞き手

measure the tensions of today’s world, what more appropriate audience could there bethan the members of the General Assembly of the United Nations. I feel impelled to speak
today in a language that in a sense is new, one which I, who have spent so much of my life
専門職

in the military profession , would have preferred never to use. That new language is thelanguage of atomic warfare.
The atomic age has moved forward at such a pace that every citizen of the world should理解

have some comprehension, at least in comparative terms, of the extent of this development,of the utmost significance to everyone of us. Clearly, if the peoples of the world are toconduct an intelligent search for peace, they must be armed with the significant facts oftoday’s existence.
述べること

My recital of atomic danger and power is necessarily stated in United States terms, for
論争の余地のない

these are the only incontrovertible facts that I know. I need hardly point out to this
性質上

Assembly, however, that this subject is global, not merely national in character.
On July 16, 1945, the United States set off the world’s first atomic explosion.
Since that date in 1945, the United States of America has conducted forty-two test
explosions. Atomic bombs today are more than twenty-five times as powerful as the幕開け

weapons with which the atomic age dawned , while hydrogen weapons are in the ranges ofTNT 爆弾相当

millions of tons of TNT equivalent.
Today, the United States stockpile of atomic weapons, which, of course, increases daily,
exceeds by many times the total [explosive] equivalent of the total of all bombs and all
戦場shells that came from every plane and every gun in every theatre of war in all the years ofWorld War II.

II"Atoms for Peace"

飛行連隊

水陸問わずA single air group, whether afloat or land based, can now deliver to any reachable target a
破滅をもたらすものdestructive cargo exceeding in power all the bombs that fell on Britain in all of World War
II. In size and variety, the development of atomic weapons has been no less remarkable.
確立されたThe development has been such that atomic weapons have virtually achieved conventional軍部

status within our armed services.
In the United States, the Army, the Navy, the Air Force, and the Marine Corps are all恐ろしいcapable of putting this weapon to military use. But the dread secret and the fearful enginesof atomic might are not ours alone.
In the first place, the secret is possessed by our friends and allies, Great Britain and Canada,
才能

whose scientific genius made a tremendous contribution to our original discoveries andthe designs of atomic bombs. The secret is also known by the Soviet Union.
The Soviet Union has informed us that, over recent years, it has devoted extensive resources
to atomic weapons. During this period the Soviet Union has exploded a series of atomic
原子兵器

水爆反応

advices -- devices, including at least one involving thermo- nuclear reactions. If at one time
the Unites States possessed what might have been called a monopoly of atomic power, thatmonopoly ceased to exist several years ago.
蓄積する

Therefore, although our earlier start has permitted us to accumulate what is today a great
把握する

quantitative advantage; the atomic realities of today comprehend two facts of even greater
significance.
First, the knowledge now possessed by several nations will eventually be shared by others,possibly all others.
当然できる能力

Second, even a vast superiority in numbers of weapons, and a consequent capability of
破滅的な報復devastating retaliation, is no preventive, of itself, against the fearful material damage and犠牲

損害を負わされる

toll of human lives that would be inflicted by surprise aggression. The free world, at least
かすかに乗り出す

dimly aware of these facts, has naturally embarked on a large program of warning anddefense systems. That program will be accelerated and expanded. But let no one think that費用

the expenditure of vast sums for weapons and systems of defense can guarantee absolute
数えること

safety for the cities and citizens of any nation. The awful arithmetic of the atomic bomb
does not permit of any such easy solution. Even against the most powerful defense, anIII"Atoms for Peace"aggressor in possession of the effective minimum number of atomic bombs for a surprise
attack could probably place a sufficient number of his bombs on the chosen targets to cause
法外なhideous damage.
Should such an atomic attack be launched against the United States, our reactions would be
迅速な決然とした

swift and resolute. But for me to say that the defense capabilities of the United States are
損害を負わせる

such that they could

inflict

terrible losses upon an aggressor, for me to say that theretaliation capabilities of the Unites States are so great that such an aggressor’s land would
be laid waste, all this, while fact, is not the true expression of the purpose and the hope of
the United States.
躊躇する

最後

To pause there would be to confirm the hopeless finality of a belief that two atomic
大国

悪意を持って際限なくおののく

colossi are doomed malevolently to eye each other indefinitely across a trembling world.
頼るものもなくTo stop there would be to accept hope -- helplessly
壊滅

可能性

the probability

かけがえのないof civilization

受け渡される

destroyed, the annihilation of the irreplaceable heritage of mankind handed down to use剥奪

また再びgeneration from generation, and the condemnation of mankind to begin all over again
昔からの～から～めがけて残忍さ

優雅さ

the age -old struggle upward from savagery toward decency , and right, and justice.
正気の荒廃

Surely no sane member of the human race could discover victory in such desolation.
つなげる

悪くすることCould anyone wish his name to be coupled by history with such human degradation anddestruction? Occasional pages of history do record the faces of the “great destroyers,” but表す

the whole book of history reveal s mankind’s never-ending quest for peace and mankind’s
God-given capacity to build.

孤立した

It is with the book of history, and not with isolated pages, that the United States will ever
明らかにされる

wish to be identified . My country wants to be constructive, not destructive. It wants
agreements, not wars, among nations. It wants itself to live in freedom and in theconfidence that the people of every other nation enjoy equally the right of choosing theirown way of life.
部屋

So my country’s purpose is to help us move out of the dark chamber of horrors into thelight, to find a way by which the minds of men, the hopes of men, the souls of men
everywhere, can move forward toward peace and happiness and well-being.

IV"Atoms for Peace"In this quest, I know that we must not lack patience. I know that in a world divided, such as
救いours today, salvation cannot be attained by one dramatic act. I know that many steps will
have to be taken over many months before the world can look at itself one day and truly
流布しているrealize that a new climate of mutually peaceful confidence is abroad in the world. But Iknow, above all else, that we must start to take these steps now.
The United States and its allies, Great Britain and France, have, over the past months, tried避ける

to take some of these steps. Let no one say that we shun the conference table. On therecord has long stood the request of the United States, Great Britain, and France to
歴史に長く残るだろうnegotiate with the Soviet Union the problems of a divided Germany. On that record has
願いオーストリア平和条約

long stood the request of the same three nations to negotiate an Austrianpeace treaty.

On the same record still stands the request of the United Nations to negotiate the problemsof Korea.
事実上Most recently we have received from the Soviet Union what is in effect an expression ofwillingness to hold a four-Power meeting. Along with our allies, Great Britain and France,
前提条件

we were pleased to see that his note did not contain the unacceptable pre- conditions
提案する

共同声明

previously put forward . As you already know from our joint Bermuda communiqué , theUnited States, Great Britain, and France have agreed promptly to meet with the SovietUnion.
誠実さ

The Government of the United States approaches this conference with hopeful sincerity. We
will bend every effort of our minds to the single purpose of emerging from that conferencewith tangible results towards peace, the only true way of lessening international tension.
放棄する

We never have, we never will, propose or suggest that the Soviet Union surrender what is
公正に彼らのものであるもの

rightfully theirs. We will never say that the people of Russia are an enemy with whom we
取引する

交際する

have no desire ever to deal or mingle in friendly and fruitful relationship.
On the contrary, we hope that this coming conference may initiate a relationship with the親交

Soviet Union which will eventually bring about a free intermingling of the peoples of theEast and of the West -- the one sure, human way of developing the understanding requiredfor confident and peaceful relations.
不満解決する

Instead of the discontent which is now settling upon Eastern Germany, occupied Austria,
and the countries of Eastern Europe, we seek a harmonious family of free European nations,
最 も ～ないwith none a threat to the other, and least of all a threat to the peoples of the Russia.

V"Atoms for Peace"
混乱

Beyond the turmoil and strife and misery of Asia, we seek peaceful opportunity for thesepeoples to develop their natural resources and to elevate their lives.
無駄な

浅薄な

These are not idle words or shallow visions. Behind them lies a story of nations lately
come to independence, not as a result of war, but through free grant or peaceful negotiation.
貧 窮 し た

There is a record already written of assistance gladly given by nations of the West to needy
飢餓旱魃peoples and to those suffering the temporary effects of famine , drought , and natural
強い主張

disaster. These are deeds of peace. They speak more loudly than promises or protestationsof peaceful intent.
反復But I do not wish to rest either upon the reiteration of past proposals or the restatement of
目的達成のための手段

past deeds. The gravity of the time is such that every newavenueof peace, no matter

how dimly discernible, should be explored. There is at least one new avenue of peace which
has not yet been well explored -- an avenue now laid out by the General Assembly of theUnites Nations.
決議

In its resolution of November 18th, 1953 this General Assembly suggested -- and I quote -軍縮委員会“that the Disarmament Commission study the desirability of establishing a sub-committee
主に関連する

consisting of representatives of the Powers principally involved, which should seek inprivate an acceptable solution and report such a solution to the General Assembly and to安保理

the Security Council not later than September 1, of 1954.”
留意する

The United States, heeding the suggestion of the General Assembly of the United Nations,is instantly prepared to meet privately with such other countries as may be “principally
核軍備競争

involved,” to seek “an acceptable solution” to the atomic armaments

race which

overshadows not only the peace, but the very life of the world. We shall carry into these
private or diplomatic talks a new conception.
廃絶

The United States would seek more than the mere reduction or elimination of atomic
materials for military purposes. It is not enough to take this weapon out of the hands of the
軍用という覆いを取り去ってsoldiers. It must be put into the hands of those who will know how to strip its militarycasing and adapt it to the arts of peace.
The United States knows that if the fearful trend of atomic military build-up can be恩恵reversed, this greatest of destructive forces can be developed into a great boon , for thebenefit of all mankind. The United States knows that peaceful power from atomic energy isVI

"Atoms for Peace"no dream of the future. That capability, already proved, is here, now, today. Who can doubt,
総体

if the entire bodyof the world’s scientists and engineers had adequate amounts of

核分裂のfissionable material with which to test and develop their ideas, that this capability would
汎用的なrapidly be transformed into universal, efficient, and economic usage?
To hasten the day when fear of the atom will begin to disappear from the minds of people
and the governments of the East and West, there are certain steps that can be taken now. I
therefore make the following proposals:
慎重さ

The governments principally involved, to the extent permitted by elementary prudence, tobegin now and continue to make joint contributions from their stockpiles of normal
ウラン

uranium and fissionable materials to an international atomic energy agency. We would
庇護

expect that such an agency would be set up under the aegis of the United Nations.
The ratios of contributions, the procedures, and other details would properly be within thescope of the “private conversations” I have referred to earlier.
追求

The United States is prepared to undertake these explorations in good faith. Any partnerof the United States acting in the same good faith will find the United States a not
狭量なunreasonable or ungenerous associate.
Undoubtedly, initial and early contributions to this plan would be small in quantity.
長所

However, the proposal has the great virtuethat it can be undertaken without the

ありがちなirritations and mutual suspicions incident to any attempt to set up a completely acceptablesystem of world-wide inspection and control.
蓄蔵

保管

The atomic energy agency could be made responsible for the impounding , storage , and創意工夫

protection of the contributed fissionable and other materials. The ingenuityof ourscientists will provide special, safe conditions under which such a bank of fissionable～から免れた差し押さえ

material can be made essentially immune to surprise seizure.
The more important responsibility of this atomic energy agency would be to devise methods
割り当てるwhereby this fissionable material would be allocated to serve the peaceful pursuits ofmankind. Experts would be mobilized to apply atomic energy to the needs of agriculture,
豊富なmedicine, and other peaceful activities. A special purpose would be to provide abundant
電力不足のelectrical energy in the power- starved areas of the world. Thus the contributing Powers

VII"Atoms for Peace"
would be dedicating some of their strength to serve the needs rather than the fears ofmankind.
The United States would be more than willing -- it would be proud to take up with others“principally involved” the development of plans whereby such peaceful use of atomic energy
迅速に処理する

would be expedited.
Of those “principally involved” the Soviet Union must, of course, be one. I would be
prepared to submit to the Congress of the United States, and with every expectation ofapproval, any such plan that would, first, encourage world-wide investigation into the mosteffective peacetime uses of fissionable material, and with the certainty that they [theinvestigators] had all the material needed for the conduct of all experiments that were縮小させる

appropriate; second, begin to diminish

the potential destructive power of the world’s～するように啓蒙のatomic stockpiles; third, allow all peoples of all nations to see that, in this enlightened age,the great Powers of the earth, both of the East and of the West, are interested in human
切望

aspirations first rather than in building up the armaments of war; fourth, open up a new
筋道

channel for peaceful discussion and initiate at least a new approach to the many difficult
problems that must be solved in both private and public conversations, if the world is to惰性shake off the inertia imposed by fear and is to make positive progress toward peace.
Against the dark background of the atomic bomb, the United States does not wish merely topresent strength, but also the desire and the hope for peace.
満ちたThe coming months will be fraught with fateful decisions. In this Assembly, in the capitals
and military headquarters of the world, in the hearts of men everywhere, be they governedor governors, may they be the decisions which will lead this world out of fear and intopeace.
To the making of these fateful decisions, the United States pledges before you, andtherefore before the world, its determination to help solve the fearful atomic dilemma -- to
奇跡的な創作する力

devote its entire heart and mind to find the way by which the miraculous inventiveness of
捧げる

聖別する

man shall not be dedicated to his death, but consecrated to his life.
各国代表者

I again thank the delegates for the great honor they have done me in inviting me to appear
丁重に

before them and in listening me -- to me so courteously.

VIII

"Atoms for Peace"Thank you.

IX