Immunotoxicology Specialty
Section NewsletterO u t g o i n g P re s i d e n t ’s M e s s a g e
Jean Regal, Ph.D.
What wonderful attendance in Salt Lake City at thecelebration of 25 years of the ImTox SS!

2010 - 2011
Executive Committee
President
Dr. Leigh Ann Burns Naas
Vice President
Dr. Rodney R. Dietert
Vice President-ElectDr Greg Ladics
Secretary-Treasurer
Dr. Jacintha M. Shenton
Past President
Dr. Jean Regal
Senior Councilor
Dr. Wendy J. Komocsar
Junior Councilor
Dr. Kazuichi Nakamura
PostDoc Representative
Dr. Jennifer Franko
Student Representative
Xiaochu Zhang

The ImTox SS Newsletter is published 3times/year (May, August and November). If
you would like to share a book review,
meeting report, interesting web site or any
other item of interest with members of theSpecialty Section, please send it to us by the
middle of the month preceding the planned
publication date. All comments on, or
suggestions for, the newsletter are welcome.
Jacintha M. Shenton, Ph.D., Editor
jacintha.shenton@utoronto.ca (home)jacintha.shenton@bms.com (work)
Typesetting / desktop publishing provided by
L. Peyton Myers, Ph.D.

May 2010

Seventeen of the 25 presidents were in attendance,
making for a great photo opportunity. My thanks to the25th Anniversary Committee (Jeanine Bussiere, Rod
Dietert, Leigh Ann Burns Naas, Stacey Anderson,
Haitian Lu, Jacintha Shenton, Dori Germolec, and
Dr. Jean Regal
Peyton Myers) for all their work in making the event a
President, ImTox SS
success including the slideshow, decorations, and our
2009-2010
25th Anniversary logo. You, the members, deserve
special thanks for your presentations, posters, attendance at sessions, and thegreat science. Thanks to Rod Dietert, we also have another great scientificprogram in the works for Washington, DC, 2011, the 50th anniversary of SOT.
I leave you in the competent hands of Leigh Ann Burns Naas who has many
great ideas for the coming year including a continuing dialog with NIH to try
to improve funding of immunotoxicology grants.
Thanks for all your support and participation in the Specialty Section!
Congratulations award winners.
http://www.toxicology.org/ISOT/SS/imtox/2010winners.asp
Photos (old and new) will be available on ToXchange. To participate in
ToXchange go to http://www.toxicology.org/ms/members.asp and click on the
ToXchange link. Once a member of ToXchange you can access the photos.
Don’t forget – Visit the immunotoxicology website and donate to the HESI
fund. http://www.toxicology.org/ISOT/SS/imtox/Index.asp
Incoming President’s Message .................................................. pages 2-4
Committee Reports .................................................................. pages 5-10
Awards ..................................................................................... pages 11-13
ImTox SS 2010-2011 Committees ................................................page 14
Pictures from SOT Meeting March 2010 ............................. pages 15-18
Announcements....................................................................... pages 19-22
Job Advertisements .......................................................................page 23
Recent Immunotoxicology Publications ............................... pages 24-27

1

Immunotoxicology Specialty Section

Incoming
President’s
Message
Submitted by:
Leigh Ann Burns Naas
President ImTox SS
2010-2011
They say that time flies when
you’re having fun. That must betrue because it seems like justyesterday I was attending my firstSociety of Toxicology (SOT) andmy first Immunotoxicology
Specialty Section (ImTox SS)
reception as an aspiring graduate
student…but it was 21 years ago!
(and I can honestly say that thoselast 21 years have definitely beenfun!) As we honored the PastPresidents at the reception in Salt
Lake City, I remember thinking
how neat it has been that I’ve had
the chance to interact with nearly
all of them in one way or anotherover my career and how so many
have helped shape my career.
Indeed, I can say the same thing
about so many of our Specialty
Section members! In many ways,
our receptions are like big family
reunions. As we move into ournext 25 years, I think about thestudents and postdocs who were
there this year, those who will be
coming into the Section next year,
and the year after that, and I want
to follow in the footsteps of those
who have led before me to help
assure that they will also be
looking back over 20+ years andthinking how much our Section
May 2010

and its members haveaccomplished not only for
immunotoxicology/toxicology in
general, the SOT, and the world
we live in, but for how we have all
been instrumental in helping each
person in our Specialty Section
succeed in the path they havechosen. I’m proud, but humbled,
to be able to lead such a
wonderful group of people.

(giving us an extra 30 minutes)
and regular rotation for the eventnight (we were supposed to be on
Wednesday night, which would
have conflicted with the
President’s Reception).

A BIG THANK YOU to Jean
Regal for being a terrific mentor
and President this past year. I
wouldn’t be nearly as preparedwithout her. A thank you as wellto everyone who helped plan the
25th Anniversary Celebration, toJean and Nancy Kerkvliet who
made monetary donations to thecause so we didn’t dig too deep
into our budget, to Jeanine
Bussiere and Dori Germolec who
independently acquired many ofthe decorations, to all of you who
sent in pictures, to everyone who
attended and helped make theevening special, and to Peyton
Myers for pulling the 25 Years in
Review slide show together. That
presentation will be available on
ToXchange for anyone in the
Section who may want it. I’m
hopeful that we can use
ToXchange as a go-forward
repository for photos that each ofyou may have of members –regardless of venue – that we canuse for future anniversarycelebrations. A special thank you
also goes to the SOT, who gave usa special dispensation on the timeAs I write this message, I’m also
working to finalize my goals for
Pfizer, so I figured this was agood time to make somestatements around goals for theSpecialty Section in the 20102011 year as well. The first (Goal1) is around continuing to follow
up on the toxicology study section
and immunotoxicology grant
review issues. Jean Regal andSteve Pruett have details of
current activities and recommendations in a separate article in the
newsletter. Suffice to say that thisis still an ongoing issue for manyof our members and an important
one to immunotoxicology as awhole. We will be forming an ad
hoc committee to continue tofollow and report back on thematter, to make recommendations
for actions that may be needed(e.g., the letter campaign for
SIEE), and to act as needed tohelp our members direct their
grants appropriately. Some earlyideas the committee will consider
include possible conference callswith individual group
administrators for the three study
sections (LIRR, XNDA, III) andmonitoring of the funding rates
etc. for immunotoxicology vs.
other grants in each section as
well as the contributions of ad hoc

2

Immunotoxicology Specialty Sectionmembers of the study sections(consistent service vs. one-offs,
relative weighting of theircontributions, etc.). I encourage
us all to support each other in thiseffort as I believe that our ability
to effect change over time will begreater as a whole unit. If you
have an interest in being involvedin or in leading this initiative,
please send me an email(leighann.burns@pfizer.com) to
let me know.
Related to Goal 1 is somethingthat was brought up and discussed
at the Executive Committee
Meeting in SLC relative to getting
more visibility for immunotoxicology scientists. I think thisis critical in a time where grantfunding is increasingly difficult toget.
Judy Zelikoff and Peter
Thomas noted the value that had
previously been provided throughthe smaller regional meetings suchas the one supported by theFoundation for Immunotoxicology(aka, the Virginia Beachmeetings), the Immunotoxicology
Discussion Group, and others.
Certainly these meetings fosteredvisibility for junior scientists, anopportunity for students to meetwith the “up and comers” as wellas the “silverbacks” (as RobertHouse once referred to the ‘more
experienced’ of our section!), anda networking opportunity between
sectors (academic, government,
industry, etc.). At least two otherfolks in our Specialty Section
have mentioned the Virginia
May 2010

Beach meeting in the past coupleof years and about how they’d liketo see something like that started
again…and were willing to help
out! It must be a “sign” that it
keeps coming up to me over andover again, so I’m making it agoal this year (Goal 2) toinvestigate the feasibility of arecurring regional meeting with astretch goal of having a said
meeting before the end of 2011.
There are multiple approaches we
can take to rekindle this type ofactivity and I will be forming asmall but diverse ad hoc
committee to work on this during
2010. If you’re interested, sendme a note at leighann.burns@pfizer.com.
Goal 3 is to bring our By-Laws up
to date. It has been 8 years since
they were reviewed and revised,and some of our practices andactivities suggest a need to dust
them off and bring them up to
date. I will be asking for an ad
hoc committee to address this andbring a proposal back to the
Executive Committee forendorsement.
Jean Regal mentioned at thereception that I will be serving on
the new Specialty Section
Governance Board.
Other
members include Cindy Afshari(Drug Discovery Toxicology),
Elaine Faustman (Risk
Assessment), Jose Manautou(Mechanisms), and Brian Short(Regulatory and Safety
Evaluation). All 2010 Specialty
3Section Vice Presidents (VPs)
were on the ballot and 5 wereselected by majority vote of the
Presidents.
Five additional
individuals will be added from the2011 VPs beginning next year.
The goal of the Specialty Section
Governance Board is to allow
smaller groups with similarinterests to speak with one voice,coordinate better, assist withsubmissions, address common
issues or concerns, etc. It also
allows the SOT Council to reachout more easily to all groups. The
Board is similar to the Special
Interest Group (SIG) Coordinating
Council which has been
instrumental in helping across the
SIGs and generating collaborations for a variety of activities.
If you have specific concerns thatyou believe should be taken up by
the committee, please let me
know. One item that has beenraised to the group by me andother individuals is the rising costof receptions and the steady statelevel of our income as Specialty
Sections (Goal 4).
You will
definitely be hearing more about
that.
Finally, we’ve begun the race
toward the 50th Anniversary
Celebration for the SOT in
Washington, DC, in 2011. Thatbrings me to the final goal (Goal5) for us this year.
There aremultiple activities that are
ongoing to highlight all thevarious aspects of toxicology,
including immunotoxicology.
Immunotoxicology Specialty Section

However, I think it would be
terrific if there were an
opportunity for all the Specialty
Sections to highlight theirachievements – not only of thediscipline, but of the Specialty
Section as well. Other Specialty
Section officers have made asimilar suggestion. It’s unclear tome at present whether all the plans
are already in place by the SOT
50th Anniversary Task Force orwhether there may still be
opportunity to add. As such, andbecause it cuts across all Specialty
Sections, this is an activity that isbest worked through theGovernance Board so I’ll betalking with them about how wemight be able to make thishappen.
We have quite a full Agenda for2010-2011, but we also have afantastic Extended Executive
Committee and, probably more
importantly, an outstanding
membership that is very active
and whom I know will want to be
involved so I encourage you to dothat. I’m proud, but humbled, tobe able to lead such a wonderfulgroup of mentors, colleagues…
friends, one and all. Twenty five
years are behind us. The next 25
lay ahead.
Let’s harness themomentum and keep it going ”toinfinity… and beyond!”

May 2010

Immunotoxicology Specialty Section2010 - 2011 GOALS
1. Follow-up on the toxicology study section andimmunotoxicology grant review issues.
2. Investigate feasibility for a recurring regional
immunotoxicology meeting (2010) and holdthe first of these before the end of 2011.
3. Update the By-Laws to reflect changes since
the last update (circa 2002).
4. Fiscal Responsibility – Investigate means to
reduce cost of the reception at the annual
meeting and implement any recommended
changes in 2011, as appropriate.
5. Work within the Specialty Section Governance
Board to investigate feasibility and identify
ways to highlight Specialty Sections and theircontributions for the 50th Anniversary of the
SOT in 2011.

4

Immunotoxicology Specialty Section

Regulatory
Committee
ReportSubmitted by: Peter Thomas
ICH Releases Draft Addendum
to S6 Guidance Document on
Biopharmaceuticals.
On October 29th, 2009, theInternational Conference on
Harmonization of TechnicalRequirements for Registration of
Pharmaceuticals for Human Use(ICH) released a draft Addendum
to ICH S6 “Preclinical Safety
Evaluation of BiotechnologyDerived Pharmaceuticals”.
Having been agreed upon by theSteering Committee, S6(A1) has
been transmitted to the regulatory
authorities in the three ICH
regions (the EU, Japan and USA)for consultation.
Based on scientific advances andexperience gained, this document
provides clarification on five key
areas related to the original ICH
S6 guidance. They are: species
selection for nonclinical studies;study design; immunogenicity
assessment; reproductive anddevelopment toxicity; andcarcinogenicity.
The major
points are highlighted below.
With respect to species selection,
the use of tissue cross-reactivity(TCR) to justify species selection
is no longer recommended. Other
approaches that assess target
expression such as flow cytometry

May 2010

may be more appropriate.
However, TCR data with humantissues can provide useful
information on unexpected target
binding.
Circumstances that justify the useo f o n e v s . t wo s p e c i e s(pharmacological relevance vs.
toxicologic findings) are also
discussed. Furthermore, appropriate uses of homologous(surrogate) proteins, transgenic,
knockout or disease models forsafety assessment are alsomentioned in this addendum.
With respect to study design,
additional guidance is provided
regarding dose selection and theuse of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) approaches to
identify a dose which provides the
maximum intended pharmacological effect in animals, or asufficient exposure multiple overthe maximum to be achieved
clinically.
The document also
provides clarification on the
duration of studies, and appropriateness of recovery.
With respect to immunogenicity,
this document provides guidanceon when it is appropriate to collectsamples and analyze anti-drug
antibody data in nonclinicalstudies. Given that such analyses
are not relevant in terms ofpredicting immunogenicity inhumans, the value of these datafor interpretation of nonclinicalstudy results is discussed.

5With respect to reproductive
toxicity, the document refers thereader to the principles outlined in
ICH S5(R2).
Additional discussion focuses on species
selection, when it is appropriate to
conduct such studies in thenonhuman primate, a transgenic
animal model, or if alternative
approaches to safety assessment
can be considered. With respect
to developmental toxicity, species
selection, study design and timing
relative to clinical trials are
discussed in some detail.
With respect to assessment ofcarcinogenicity of biopharmaceuticals, the principles of ICH
S1a apply. However, alternative
approaches that would preclude
the need for rodent bioassays suchas including additional endpoints
in toxicity studies or evaluation ofdata from in vitro or chronic
toxicity studies to understandpotential risk are discussed. For
those biopharmaceuticals thatpose a potential carcinogenic risk
(immune modulators, growth
factors) post-marketing clinicalsurveillance may inform risk
better than conducting additional
animal studies.
Despite theseapproaches, there is clearly a needfor better tools to assess potential
carcinogenicity.

To read the complete document,
go to http://www.ich.org and click
on “Step 2 Guidelines”.

Immunotoxicology Specialty Section

ImTox SS Membership Committee Report
Submitted by: George DeGeorge
By Organization Category

By Membership Category

Industry
Academia
Government
Consulting
Research (NP)Research (CRO)Other

May 2010
Full
Assoc
Student

19%

4%
5%

M ay 2010

6% 1%

11%
38%

15%
66%
35%
Total = 388

Former Members:
Full
Assoc
Student

Total = 235

5%

25%

3%

3%

Former Members:

5%
41%
9%
55%

20%
34%

May 2010

6

Industry
Academia
Government
Consulting
Research (NP)Research (CRO)
Other

Immunotoxicology Specialty Section

ImTox SS Membership Committee Report
Total Members

450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
red dot = SOT takes this point as the yearly figure500
Dec-03

Dec-04

Dec-05

Dec-06

Dec-07

Dec-08Dec-09Note: The “dip” occurs when SOT deletes those who haven’t renewed at the end of the year.

Immunotoxicology Specialty Section Membership
Estimated
450

Actual

400

402
355

349

Total Members

388

384

350
300

422

321
297

250
200

220

150
100
50
0
Dec 2003

Dec 2004

Dec 2005

Dec 2006

Nov 2007

Dec 2008

Dec 2009

May 2010

Note: "estimated" indicates an arbitrary 5% increase over Dec of last year.

May 2010

7

Immunotoxicology Specialty Section

International Exchange
Committee Report
Submitted by: Mitchell Cohen
The International Exchange
Committee (IEC) is pleased toreport that the Symposium on“Silica and Asbestos
Immunotoxicity: Mechanisms to
Fibrosis, Autoimmunity, andModified Tumor Resistance”,
jointly chaired by Drs. Andrij
Holian Kerkvliet (University ofMontana) and Takemi Otsuki(Kawasaki Medical School,
Kurashiki, Japan), was a great
success at the 2010 Annual SOT
Meeting in Salt Lake City. Dr.
Otsuki was the second official
representative of the JapaneseSociety of Immunotoxicology(JSIT) to co-chair a session at out
National Meeting, thereby
fulfilling a major goal of the
Exchange Program that has beendeveloped between our specialty
section and the JSIT.

and Practice” that is now awaiting
final approval by the SOT
National Program Committee. We
look forward to this and future
jointly chaired sessions generated
by members of both of ourSocieties.
At the Salt Lake City meeting, it
was also announced that one of
our specialty section members
will speak at the upcoming JSIT
2010 meeting to be held in
September in Tsukuba, Japan.
Based on the meeting’s theme of"Immunotoxicology andSusceptibility", our Specialty
Section asked Dr. Gary Burleson
to speak to the JSIT membershipon this very critical topic.
Lastly, at the ImTox SS reception,
the IEC was informed that the
JSIT 2011 Meeting will be held in
Chiba, Japan. No details as todates or themes are yet set instone; when more information
becomes available, it will be
posted.

The IEC is also pleased toannounce that the invited JSIT
representative for the 2011
Ann u a l S O T Meeting inWashington, DC, – Dr. Takahiko
Yoshida (Asahikawa Medical
College, Asahikawa, Japan) – and
Dr. Ian Kimber (University ofManchester, Manchester, UK)have put together a Workshop on“Identification of Chemical
Respiratory Allergens: Principles

May 2010

8

ProgramCommittee
ReportSubmitted by: Rod Dietert
I want to thank the ImTox SS Program Committee and of course
our members for their efforts tobring forward a robust series ofprogram proposals for the 2011
SOT Annual Meeting in D.C.
Given that this meeting will be the50th anniversary meeting of the
SOT, it will hold special significance. It is important that immunotoxicology be well represented
on this program. The draft proposals considered by the Program
Committee and approved for further development by the ImTox
SS Executive Committee are included in the following table.
There are five Symposia, twoWorkshops and one CE Course
undergoing further development
for a late April submission. The
topics covered are broad andtimely and the opportunities forinter-specialty section interests are
significant. These proposals will
be going forward to the SOT Scientific Program Committee forfurther consideration. We lookforward to that review and will
provide further updates on the
program in the August newsletter.

Immunotoxicology Specialty Section

NIH and Review of
Immunotoxicology
GrantsSubmitted by: Jean Regal andSteve Pruett
In the Fall of 2009, SOT had
discussions with the Center for
Scientific Review (CSR) at NIH
regarding review of toxicology
grants.
CSR appointed Dr.
Seymour Garte to be the Directorof CSR’s Division of
Physiological and Pathological
Sciences.
Input from the
Toxicology community was
solicited regarding the one year
trial period for the SIEE (Systemic
Injury by Environmental
Exposure) Study Section. The
Initial Review Groups (IRG)
Subcommittee of the ImTox SS
was re-activated, chaired by Steve
Pruett, and a general letter of
support for SIEE from the ImTox
SS was submitted. Thanks to thesubcommittee for their work on
this:Stephen Pruett, Norbert
Kaminski, Deborah Keil, Paige
Lawrence, Judy Zelikoff, andPrakash Nagarkatti. Besides thisgeneral letter of support, morethan a dozen individual letters of
support were also submitted by
ImTox SS members in support ofcontinuation of SIEE.
Unfortunately, CSR decided to
discontinue SIEE.
Where do immunotoxicology
grants get reviewed? Per Steve
Pruett’s discussions with Dr.
May 2010

Garte in February 2010 immunotoxicology grants will
generally be assigned to thefollowing Study Sections
1. Lung Injury, Repair andRemodeling (LIRR)•

SRO, Dr. Ghenima Dirami(diramig@csr.nih.gov)•

301-594-1321•

http://cms.csr.nih.gov/
PeerReviewMeetings/
CSRIRGDescriptionNew/
CVRSIRG/LIRR.htm

2. Xenobiotic and Nutrient
Disposition and Action(XNDA)•

SRO, Dr. Patricia Greenwel(GREENWEP@csr.nih.gov)•

301-435-1169•

http://cms.csr.nih.gov/
PeerReviewMeetings/
CSRIRGDescriptionNew/
DKUSIRG/XNDA.htm

3. Innate Immunity
Inflammation (III)and•

SRO, Dr. Tina McIntyre(mcintyrt@csr.nih.gov)•

301-408-9094•

http://cms.csr.nih.gov/
PeerReviewMeetings/
CSRIRGDescriptionNew/
IMMIRG/III.htm

who are toxicologists will dependon the number of grants
submitted.
Therefore, it ispotentially in the best interest of
immunotoxicology that you
request one of these three study
sections in your cover letter. It isalso advisable that you carefully
examine the areas of expertise
represented on each panel anddirect your application to thecorrect one. Some aspects ofimmunotoxicology are notappropriate for these three panels.
Discussions with the Scientific
Review Officer can also help you
decide where your grant will get
the most appropriate review. If
you encounter examples of
inappropriate reviewer comments
which seem to reflect lack ofknowledge or appreciation for the
toxicology components of theapplication, these should bepointed out (in a nice way, ofcourse) to the Scientific Review
Officer. The Scientific Review
Officers know their handling of
immunotoxicology applications
will be carefully scrutinized, sothey should be sensitive to thesetypes of concerns.
Stay tuned! Incoming President
Leigh Ann Burns Naas is planning
continuing efforts in this arena.

These study sections will add
toxicology expertise, but the
number of permanent members
9

Immunotoxicology Specialty Section

Student andPostdoctoral
ReportSubmitted by:
Xiaochu Zhang, Student
Representative
Jennifer Franko, Postdoctoral
Representative
Greetings fellow students andpostdocs! We hope all of you had a
productive and enjoyable time inSalt Lake City. We would like to
begin by acknowledging Haitian Lu
for his services as the graduate
student representative and Stacey
Anderson for her service as the
postdoc representative, for the last
two years. I think I can speak foreveryone in commending Haitianand Stacey on a job well done. We
wish them the best of luck with allof their future research andscientific endeavors! We are the
new student and postdoctoral
representatives Xiaochu (Chu)Zhang who comes from the
University of Toronto in Toronto,
ON, and Jennifer Franko whocomes from the National Institutefor Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH) in Morgantown, WV.
Both Chu and I look forward toserving as your new representatives
and hope that you will not hesitate
to contact us with ideas orcomments about how the ImTox SS
can better serve the careerdevelopment of young sciences
and/or how as young scientists wecan better contribute to theadvancement of the field of
immunotoxicology.
May 2010

Next we wanted to thank everyone
that participated in the student/
postdoc mixer in Salt Lake City.
The mixer was held at the Poplar
Street Pub on Tuesday night
following the ImTox SS reception.
We had about 20-25 students andpostdocs in attendance. It was anextremely enjoyable night, meetingand talking with other young
scientists in the field in a casual
atmosphere away from thehecticness of the conference itself.
These mixers are a great place forgetting to know fellow students/
postdocs in the field of
immunotoxicology.
So, if you
missed out on the mixer during thispast SOT meeting, be sure to plan
to attend next spring at the meetingin Washington, DC, where there
will be a similar opportunity tomeet and talk with other students
and postdocs. Please watch for
information about our meeting
place in upcoming communications
from the ImTox SS as the 2011
national meeting approaches.
We would also like to encourage
students and postdocs to berecognized for their hard work andtheir contributions to the field of
immunotoxicology by soliciting
nominations from your advisors for
the ImTox SS graduate and postdoc
trainee awards.
Winners arerecognized each year at the national
conference and receive a plaque andcash award. Nominations havebeen low the past few years. Don’t
let your hard work go unnoticed.
Have your advisor nominate you fornext year’s award. For descriptions

10of the awards please go to http://
www.toxicology.org/ISOT/SS/
imtox/deadlines.asp.
And finally, we urge student
members to consider signing up for
ImTox SS committees. Committees
include the Awards, Communications, Program, and Regulatory
Committees. Descriptions of thesecommittees are available on the
ImTox SS website (http://
www.toxicology.org/ISOT/SS/
imtox/committees.asp). Serving oncommittees is a great way to makenew contacts, learn more about
SOT business, serve fellow SS
members, and/or to catch up with
hot topics in the area of
immunotoxicology. If you missed
the chance to sign up at thereception, please enquire withindividual committee chairs about
joining or contact the ImTox SS
Secretary-Treasurer (shentonj@medimmune.com); eachcommittee has 2 seats reserved forstudent members.
If you have any questions about
student representation on the ImTox
SS or how the ImTox SS can best
serve you as a student of
immunotoxicology, please feel free
to contact me at hfy0@cdc.gov or
Xiaochu Zhang at xiaochu.zhang@utoronto.ca.
Additional
information can be found on the
SOT website for students andpostdocs
athttp://
www.toxicology.org/ISOT/SS/
immunotox/student.html.

Immunotoxicology Specialty Section

Vos Award — Career
Achievement in
Immunotoxicology

in France. The Summerschool is
the longest existing scientificevent entirely devoted toimmunotoxicology in the world.
In 1999, he was appointed Headof the Poison Center andPharmacovigilance Department at
Lyon University Hospitals andcurrently holds this position.

Jacques Descotes, M.D.,
Pharm.D., PhD.
Submitted by: Jacques Descotes
and Ken Hastings
Dr. Descotes began his career intoxicology as a medical student in
the Lyon Poison Control Center in
1973. He earned an M.D. and was
appointed Assistant Professor of
Pharmacology, both in 1976, at
Claude Bernard University in
Lyon, France. In addition, he wasappointed as a physician in the
Medical Emergency and Clinical
Toxicology Department of
Edouard Herriot Hospital where a
Post-Marketing Drug Surveillance(Pharmacovigilance) Center was
being established. While serving
in these academic and clinicalpositions, Dr. Descotes realized
the importance of drug allergies,
which began his interest in
immunology and immunopathology.
In 1980, Dr. Descotes earned a
Pharm.D. in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology from Claude Bernard
University and developed a firm
commitment to immunotoxicology as he moved to newresearch facilities. He waspromoted to Associate Professor
in 1982, and served as the
Scientific Director of a new

May 2010

INSERM Laboratory (the Frenchequivalent of NIH) in 1986. Since
then, he was the Principal
Investigator for several research
programs in immunotoxicology
funded by French and European
grants. He served as an academic
advisor for 23 candidates for
M.S., Pharm.D., Ph.D., and M.D.
These students worked on several
aspects of preclinical and clinicalimmunotoxicology, with a special
focus on the popliteal lymph node
assay.
Dr. Descotes published his firstbook on immunotoxicology in
1986, followed by seven others. In
addition, Dr. Descotes has
published five books on clinicaland preclinical toxicology. In
1988, he earned a Ph.D. in
Clinical Pharmacology from
Claude Bernard University andwas appointed Medical Directorof the Lyon Poison Center andProfessor of Pharmacology in1990. In 1992, he founded thenonprofit association Summerschool in Immunotoxicology andhas served as Scientific Directorof 18 annual summer schools held

11

Throughout his career, Dr.
Descotes has remained committed
to both clinical and nonclinicalt o x i c o l o g y a n d i m m u n otoxicology. In recent years, Dr.
Descotes has become increasingly
involved in the immunotoxicity
and safety evaluation oftherapeutic proteins andinnovative medicines, including
nanomaterials and gene therapies.
Over the years, he has served on
various scientific and regulatorycommittees at the national andinternational level. He was thefirst Chairperson of the Eurotox
Immunotoxicology and Chemical
Allergy Specialty Section(ITCASS). In 2002, he was therecipient of the Eurotox Gerhard
Zbinden Annual Award and has
been a Fellow of the US Academyof Toxicological Sciences since2001. He has published over 360
manuscripts and chapters,
including 182 papers in various
aspects of immuno-toxicology.
Dr. Descotes is widely recognized
as one of the founders of thescience of immunotoxicology andhe is a most deserving recipient of
the Vos Award.

Immunotoxicology Specialty Section

Immunotoxicology Specialty Section Awards Winners - 2010

Vos Award - Career Achievement in Immunotoxicology Winner:
Jacques Descotes, M.D, Pharm D., Ph.D.

HESI Immunotoxicology
Young Investigator TravelAward Winner:
Megumi Maeda, Ph.D.

Best Paper of the Year Award
Winner:Yucesoy B, Johnson VJ,
Fluharty K, Kashon ML,
Slaven JE, Wilson NW,
Weissman DN, Biagini RE,
Germolec DR, Luster MI.,
Influence of cytokine genevariations on immunization tochildhood vaccines. Vaccine.
2009 Nov 23;27(50):6991-7.

May 2010

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Immunotoxicology Specialty Section

Immunotoxicology Specialty Section Awards Winners - 2010

1st Place Student
Presentation Award Winner:
Jennifer L. Head

2nd Place Student Presentation
Award Winner: Katryn Allen

Outstanding Young
Investigator Award Winner:
L. Peyton Myers, Ph.D.

May 2010

3rd Place Student
Presentation Award Winner:
Haitian Lu

Best Presentation by a
Postdoctoral Trainee Winner:
Guangbi Jin, Ph.D.

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Immunotoxicology Specialty Section

Immunotoxicology Specialty Section
Committee Lists: 2010-2011
Regulatory
Committee

AwardsCommittee

ProgramCommittee

Peter Thomas (Chair)

Wendy Komocsar (Chair)

Greg Ladics (Chair)peter.thomas@covance.com

komocsarwj@lilly.com

gregory.s.ladics@usa.dupont.com

Cindy (Xinguang) Li

Barbara Mounho

Jamie DeWitt

Kameshwar Singh

Michelle Horner

Jared Brown

Herve Lebrec

Kameshwar Singh

Tony Arulanandam

Carmen Booker

Vic Johnson

Kameshwar SinghColin North

M. Firoze Khan

Vic Johnson

Robert (Jinze) Li

Narendra Singh

Herve LebrecColin North

Narendra Singh

Berran Yucesoy

M. Firoze Khan

Communications
Committee
Susan McKarns (Chair)mckarnss@health.missouri.edu

Jim Pestka

Membership
Committee

Lisa Ryan
Jacintha Shenton
Marija Popovic

Michael Laiosa

George DeGeorge (Chair)

Berran Yucesoy

Robert (Jinze) Li

degeorge@mbresearch.com

Ian Kimber

Ashwini Phadnis
Weimin Chen

Education
Committee

If you would like to join a committee, there ares t i l l p l a c e s o n t h e R e g u l a t o r y,Communications, Education and Awards
Committees. Please contact the ImTox SS
Secretary-Treasurer or the Chairpersonof the committee(s) if you are interested injoining.

Colin North

May 2010

Immunotoxicology Specialty Section

14

Judy Zelikoff (Chair)judith.zelikoff@nyumc.org
Thitirat Ngaotepprutaram

Society of Toxicology — Annual Meeting 2010
ImTox SS Reception and25th Anniversary Celebration

ImTox SS Past Presidents
Back Row (L-R): Dan Wierda, Jeanine Bussiere, Mitch Cohen, Nancy Kerkvliet, Dori Germolec, Jean Regal, Judy Zelikoff, Ken Hastings.
Front Row (L-R) Peter Thomas, Scott Burchiel, MaryJane Selgrade, Bob Luebke, Steve Pruett, Robert House, Kathy Rodgers, Al Munson,
Mike Luster.

May 2010

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Immunotoxicology Specialty Section

May 201016

Immunotoxicology Specialty Section

Each of the Past Presidents received a small token of appreciation – abusiness card holder engraved with the ImTox SS 25th anniversary logo.

Executive Committee Meeting

May 2010

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Immunotoxicology Specialty Section

Poster Sessions

May 2010

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Immunotoxicology Specialty Section

Announcements

May 2010

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Immunotoxicology Specialty Section

Announcements

Two New Immunotoxicology Books – Spring 2010
Two books on immunotoxicology have been released during the spring of 2010. Both are available
via amazon.com and other online and in-store distribution outlets.

The first book, Immunotoxicity Testing (ISBN-13:
978-1607614005) edited by Rodney R. Dietert andpublished via Humana Press/Springer, is a multiauthored reference book covering the approaches,
methods and detailed protocols for evaluation of
the immune system.

The second book is possibly the first ever generalaudience book in immunotoxicology. Authored byRodney R. Dietert and Janice Dietert, published via
World Scientific Publications (Singapore/London)and designed for parents, family members andhealth care providers, Strategies for ProtectingYour Child’s Immune System (ISBN-13: 9789814287098) provides readers with risk reduction
strategies for the developing immune system.

May 2010

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Immunotoxicology Specialty Section

Announcements

19th Summerschool in Immunotoxicology
IMMUNOGENICITY OF PROTEINS
Marseille, France - 27-29 September 2010
Chairperson : J.Descotes (Poison Center and Pharmacovigilance, Lyon, France)
PROVISIONAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM (February 2010)

MONDAY 27th
10:00 - Start of registration and welcome coffee
12:00 - Opening lunch
13:45 - Welcome to participants
14:00 - Challenges in assessing the immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins
I.Kimber (University of Manchester,UK)
14:45 - Factors influencing the immunogenicity of proteins: current evidence(Speaker to be confirmed)
15:30 - Coffee break
16:00 - Immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins: clinical adverse consequences
J.Descotes
16:45 - Immunogenicity/allergenicity evaluation of new proteins in food: current approach
C.Herouet-Guicheney (Bayer Crop Sciences, France)
17:30 - Social event
20:00 - Dinner

http://www.school-immunotoxicology.org/

May 2010

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Immunotoxicology Specialty Section

Announcements

TUESDAY 28th
09:00 - Bioinformatics tools for the prediction of protein immunogenicity
M Baker (Antitope, UK)
09:45 - In silico, HLA binding and T cell assays: how to use the toolbox of immunogenicity prediction of therapeutic proteins
B. Maillere (CEA, France)
10:30 - Coffee break
11:00 - In vitro lymphocyte activation assays to predict the immunogenicity of proteins(Speaker to be confirmed)
11:45 - Endpoints to assess immunogenicity and associated consequences in nonclinicalstudies
I. Gourley (Pfizer, USA)12:30 - Lunch
13:45 - Role of preclinical testing in managing changes in CMC
P. Bugelski (Centocor, USA)
14:30 - Comparative immunogenicity assessment of biosimilars
R. Thorpe (National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, UK)
WEDNESDAY 29th
09:15 - How do preclinical immunogenicity results with human proteins impact the design ofclinical trials?
J. Cavagnaro (AccessBio, USA)
10:15 - Perspectives in the assessment of the immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins: a regulator's point of view
(Speaker to be confirmed)
11:00 - General discussion
12:00 - Concluding remarks
12:15 - Closure of summerschool and farewell lunch

May 2010

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Immunotoxicology Specialty Section

Immunotoxicology Job Announcements

POSTDOCTORAL POSITION ON NIEHS TRAINING GRANT
The Department of Environmental Medicine at the NYU School of Medicine (NYUSOM) is seeking applicants for a postdoctoral
position on its NIEHS training grant. If you are interested in the position or have a candidate in mind, deadline for submission isJune 4, 2010. All applications must be submitted either to Angela.muniz@nyumc.org. The candidate must be a U.S. citizen or
permanent resident (i.e., green card).
The postdoctoral training program emphasizes research conducted on a particular Toxicology project in collaboration with a memberof the Department faculty (Mentor). Whenever possible, interdisciplinary collaboration will be encouraged for the trainee’s postdoctoral research project, so that they can gain maximum experience in several aspects of Toxicology. This NIEHS Training grant isdesigned to train applicants in one of two potential focus areas: Pulmonary Toxicology or Molecular Toxicology. In this selection
round, an applicant in the area of Pulmonary Toxicology is being sought. Applicants who wish to pursue research in the areas of Immunotoxicology, Developmental Toxicology, or Reproductive Toxicology secondary to host inhalation exposures to environmental agents/toxicants/pollutants are also highly welcomed.
The selection of the postdoctoral applicant and their career development will utilize a formal process:
Postdoctoral Recruitment Process:All applicants must complete a standard application that consists of: a full CV; three letters of reference; and, a brief proposal (1-2
pages) that outlines their intended research plan. All inquiries and applications will be forwarded from Ms. Muniz to Dr. Terry
Gordon and an Internal Advisory Committee for review.
Postdoctoral Eligibility for Support on Training Grant:
The candidate must be a U.S. citizen or permanent resident (i.e., green card). All applications will be reviewed by a panel that includes: basic scientists; a clinical research scientist; and, the Director of the Department’s Graduate Steering Committee. Each panel
member will quantitatively score each applicant based on past accomplishments and references, potential for success in the program,dedication to Toxicology research, and the quality of the research proposal. The top scoring applicants will be invited for a personal
interview and to give a seminar; a final decision will be based on the interview and seminar.
Career Development of Postdoctoral Trainee:
A major goal of the Training grant’s Career Development plan is to assist the postdoctoral trainee in becoming a junior faculty member by entering a research career in Environmental Health, and to gain a broader and more thorough understanding of the field thanmight otherwise be possible.
The training of postdoctoral trainees will include:•

A formal mentoring committee comprised of NYU faculty members•

A yearly evaluation of the postdoctoral trainee’s progress•

Creation of an Individual Development Plan•

Participation in scholarly activities such as research seminars and journal clubs•

Classes in grant writing skills, such as that held annually by the NYUSOM’s Sackler ProgramMay 2010

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Immunotoxicology Specialty Section

Recent Immunotoxicology Publications

Compiled by Haley Neff-LaFord.
ANYTIME you have a new fully published article to report, please send it to the coordinator, Haley
Neff-LaFord: hnlaford@seagen.com
Asthma, Allergy, Autoimmunity & Hypersensitivity
Pucheu-Haston CM, Copeland LB, Haykal-Coates N and Ward MDW. The effects of pregnancy on theexacerbation and development of maternal allergic respiratory disease. J Immunotoxicol 6:276-284, 2009.
vanTriel JJ, Arts JHE, Muijser H and Kuper CF. Allergic inflammation in the upper respiratory tract of the rat
upon repeated inhalation exposure to the contact allergen dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Toxicology 269:7380, 2010.
Developmental Immunotoxicology
Hanson ML, Brundage KM, Schafer R, Tou JC and Barnett JB. Prenatal cadmium exposure dysregulates
sonic hedgehog and Wnt/b-catenin signaling in the thymus resulting in altered thymocyte development. TAAP
242:136-145, 2010.
Pucheu-Haston CM, Copeland LB, Haykal-Coates N and Ward MDW. Maternal respiratory sensitization andgestational allergen exposure does not affect subsequent pup responses to homologous or heterologous
allergen. J Immunotoxicol 7:57-67, 2010.
Effects: Compounds
Antoine F, Ennaciri J and Girard D. Syk is a novel target of arsenic trioxide (ATO) and is involved in the
toxic effect of ATO in human neutrophils. Toxicol in Vitro 24:936-941, 2010.
Burchiel SW, Mitchell LA, Lauer FT, Sun X, McDonald JD, Hudson LG and Liu KJ. Immunotoxicity andbiodistribution analysis of arsenic trioxide in C57Bl/6 mice following a 2-week inhalation exposure. TAAP
241:253-259, 2009.
Gonçalves DM, Chiasson S and Girard D. Activation of human neutrophils by titanium dioxide (TiO2)
nanoparticles. Toxicol in Vitro 24:1002-1008, 2010.
Haffor AA. Effect of myrrh (Commiphora molmol) on leukocyte levels before and during healing from gastriculcer or skin injury. J Immunotoxicol 7:68-75, 2010.
Fukuyama T, Tajima Y, Ueda H, Hayashi K, Shutoh Y, Harada T and Kosaka T. Apoptosis in immunocytes
induced by several types of pesticides. J Immunotoxicol 7:39-56, 2010.
Gardner RM, Nyland JF, Evans SL, Wang S, Doyle KM, Crainiceanu CM and Silbergeld EK. Mercury
induces an unopposed inflammatory response in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Environ
Health Persp 117:1932-1938, 2009.

May 2010

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Immunotoxicology Specialty Section

Recent Immunotoxicology Publications

Jankowski MD, Franson JC, Mostl E, Porter WP and Hofmeister EK. Testing independent and interactive
effects of corticosterone and synergized resmethrin on the immune response to West Nile virus in chickens.
Toxicology 269:81-88, 2010.
Kawanai T, Satoh M, Murao K and Oyama Y. Methylmercury elicits intracellular Zn2+ release in rat
thymocytes: Its relation to methylmercury-induced decrease in cellular thiol content. Toxicol Lett 191:231235, 2009.
Kibakaya EC, Stephen K and Whalen MM. Tetrabromobisphenol A has immunosuppressive effects on humannatural killer cells. J Immunotoxicol 6:285-292, 2009.
N’jai AU, Larsen M, Shi L, Jefcoate CR and Czuprynski CJ. Bone marrow lymphoid and myeloid progenitor
cells are suppressed in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) treated mice. Toxicology 271:27-35, 2010.
Olea-Herrero N, Vara D, Malagarie-Cazenave S and Díaz-Laviada I. The cannabinoid R(+)methanandamide
induces IL-6 secretion by prostate cancer PC3 cells. J Immunotoxicol 6:249-256, 2009.
Santiago-Osorio E, Mora L, Bautista M, Montesinos JJ, Martínez I, Ramos-Mandujano G, Zambrano R,
Monroy-García A, Weiss-Steider B, Ledesma-Martínez E and Aguiñiga I. Sodium caseinate induces secretionof macrophage colony-stimulating factor from neutrophils. Immunobiol 215:332-339, 2010.
General Immunotoxicology
Frey B, Schildkopf P, Rödel F, Weiss EM, Munoz LE, Martin Herrmann M, Fietkau R and Gaipl US.
AnnexinA5 renders dead tumor cells immunogenic—implications for multimodal cancer therapies. J
Immunotoxicol 6:209-216, 2009.
Hamm S, Rath S, Michel S and Baumgartner R. Cancer immunotherapeutic potential of novel small molecule
TLR7 and TLR8 agonists. J Immunotoxicol 6:257-265, 2009.
Kelly RJ and Morris JC. Transforming growth factor-beta: A target for cancer therapy. J Immunotoxicol 7:1526, 2010.
Kryukov F, Očadlíková D, Kovářová L, Burešová I, Hájek R and Michálek J. In vitro activation of cytotoxic
T-lymphocytes by hTERT-pulsed dendritic cells. J Immunotoxicol 6:243-248, 2009.
Mandalari G, Adel-Patient K, Barkholt V, Bublim M, Baro C, Graser G, Gaier S, Ladics GS, Mierzejewska D,
Vassilopoulou E, Vissers Y, Zuidmeer L, Rigby NM, Salt L, Defernez M, Mulholland F, Mackie AM,
Wickham MS and Mills ENC. In vitro digestibility of b-casein and b-lactoglobulin under simulated humangastric and duodenal conditions: a multi-laboratory evaluation. Reg Toxicol Pharmacol 55:372-381.
Mathesius CA, Barnett JF Jr, Cressman RF, Davis T, Ding J, Finlay C, Ladics GS, Sampson H, Bardina L,
Schmidt J, Layton RJ, Zhang JXQ, Carlson G, Ballou S and Delaney B. Safety assessment of a modified
acetolactate synthase protein (GM-HRA) in genetically-modified soybeans. Reg Toxicol Pharmacol 55:309320.

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Immunotoxicology Specialty Section

Recent Immunotoxicology Publications

Ohayon A, Babichev Y, Pasvolsky R, Dong G, Sztarkier I, Benharroch D, Altman A and Isakov N. Hodgkin’s
lymphoma cells exhibit high expression levels of the PICOT protein. J Immunotoxicol 7:8-14, 2010.
Shichkin VP, Lon AD, Yugrinova LG, Grinevich YA, Belova OB, Berezhnaya NM, Akalovich S, Pashkova O
and Voitenok NN. TNF receptor p55 and IL-872 and IL-877 isoforms: blood and urine levels in breast cancer
patients. J Immunotoxicol 6:235-242, 2009.
Tan HH, Fiel MI, Sun Q, Guo J, Gordon RE, Chen LC, Scott L. Friedman SL, Odin JA and Allina J. Kupffer
cell activation by ambient air particulate matter exposure may exacerbate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J
Immunotoxicol 6:266-275, 2009.
Voronov E, Reich E, Dotan S, Dransh P, Cohen I, Huszar M, Fogel M, Kleinman HK, White RM and Ron N.
Apte. Effects of IL-1 molecules on growth patterns of 3-MCA-induced cell lines: An interplay between
immunogenicity and invasive potential. J Immunotoxicol 7:27-38, 2010.
Methods
Boverhof DR, Gollapudi BB, Hotchkiss JA, Osterloh-Quiroz M and Woolhiser MR. A draining lymph node
assay (DLNA) for assessing the sensitizing potential of proteins. Toxicol Lett 193: 144-151, 2010.
Burleson GR, Burleson F and Dietert RR. The cytotoxic T lymphocyte assay in immunotoxicity testing.
Methods Molec Biol 598:195-205, 2010.
Dietert RR, Bunn TL and Lee JE. The delayed hypersensitivity type assay using protein and xenogenic cell
antigens. Methods Molec Biol 598:185-194, 2010.
Dietert RR, Dietert JM and Gavalchin J. Risk of autoimmune disease: challenges in immunotoxicity testing.
Methods Molec Biol 598:39-51, 2010.
Dietert RR and DeWitt J. Developmental immunotoxicity (DIT): the why, where and how of DIT testing.
Methods Molec Biol 598:17-25, 2010.
Zhang W, Caspell R, Karulin AY, Ahmad M, Haicheur N, Abdelsalam A, Johannesen K, Vignard V, Dudzik
P, Georgakopoulou K, Mihaylova A, Silina K, Aptsiauri N, V. Adams V, Lehmann PV and McArdle S.
ELISPOT assays provide reproducible results among different laboratories for T-cell immune monitoring—even in hands of ELISPOT-inexperienced investigators. J Immunotoxicol 6:227-234, 2009.
Reviews, Book Chapters, Commentaries
Basketter DA, Broekhuizen C, Fieldsend M, Kirkwood S, Mascarenhas R, Maurer K, Pedersen C, Rodriguez
C and Schiff HE. Defining occupational and consumer exposure limits for enzyme protein respiratory
allergens under REACH. Toxicology 268: 165-170, 2010.
Basketter DA and Kimber I. Updating the skin sensitization in vitro data assessment paradigm in 2009. J
Appl Toxicol 29: 545-550, 2009.
Dietert RR. Developmental immunotoxicology. In Ballentyne B, Marrs T and Syversen T (Eds). General andApplied Toxicology (3rd edition). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Chichester, UK. Vol 4:1977-1991, 2009.
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Immunotoxicology Specialty Section

Recent Immunotoxicology Publications

El-Kassar N and Gress RE. An overview of IL-7 biology and its use in immunotherapy. J Immunotoxicol 7:17, 2010.
Holt PG, Strickland DH, Bosco A and Jahnsen FL. Chapter 3 – Pathogenic mechanisms of allergic
inflammation: atopic asthma as a paradigm. Adv Immunol 104:51-113, 2009.
Kern PS, Gerberick GF, Ryan CA, Kimber I, Aptula A and Basketter DA. Local lymph node data for theevaluation of skin sensitization alternatives: a second compilation. Dermatitis 21:8-32, 2010.
Kimber I, Basketter DA and Dearman RJ. Chemical allergens – what are the issues? Toxicology 268:139142, 2010.
Ladics GS, Knippels LMJ, Bannon GA, Goodman RE, Penninks AH and Herouet-Guicheney C. Review ofanimal models designed to predict the potential allergenicity of novel proteins in genetically modified crops.
Reg Toxicol and Pharmacol 56:212-224, 2010.
Loveless SE, Api A-M, Crevel RWR, Debruyne E, Gamer A, Jowsey IR, Kern P, Kimber I, Lea L, Lloyd P,
Mehmood Z, Steiling W, Woolhiser M and Hennes C. Potency values from the local lymph node assay:
application to classification, labeling and risk assessment. Regul Toxicol and Pharmacol 56:54-66, 2010.
Malyguine A, Umansky V and Shurin MR. Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunomonitoring (CITIM):
Redefining Cancer Therapy. J Immunotoxicol 6:205-208, 2009.
Pickard C, Louafi F, McGuire C, Lowings K, Kumar P, Cooper H, Dearman RJ, Cumberbatch M, Kimber I,
Healy E and Friedmann PS. The cutaneous biochemical redox barrier: a component of the innate immune
defenses against sensitization by highly reactive environmental xenobiotics. J Immunol 183:7576-7584, 2009.
Pollard KM, Hultman P, Kono DH. Toxicology of autoimmune diseases. Chem Res Toxicol 15:455-66,
2010.
Pucheu-Haston CM, Copeland LB, Vallanat B, Boykin E and Ward MDW. Biomarkers of acute respiratory
allergen exposure: Screening for sensitization potential. TAAP 244:144-155, 2010.
Vannucci L, Stepankova R, Grobarova V, Kozakova H, Rossmann P, Klimesova K, Benson V, Sima P,
Fiserova A and Tlaskalova-Hogenova H. Colorectal carcinoma: Importance of colonic environment for anticancer response and systemic immunity. J Immunotoxicol 6:217-226, 2009.
Walker M, Makropoulos D, Achuthanandam R and Bugelski PJ. Recent advances in the understanding ofdrug-mediated infusion reactions and cytokine release syndrome. Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel 13:124-135,
2010.

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Immunotoxicology Specialty Section