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A-M01-3

産学官民連携研究：津波避難に関する研究の例

Industry-Academia-Government-Public
Collaborative Research:
A Case of Research on Tsunami Evacuation
Fumiyasu Makinoshima*1*2*1 Inter-Graduate School Doctoral Degree Program on Science for Global Safety, Tohoku University*2 Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Development of
Tsunami Evacuation Simulation

We are developing a tsunami evacuation simulation for evaluating tsunami
avacuation risks in local communities and enhancing disaster awarenessand preparations. This research includes interdisciplinary disciplines suchas social science, disaster science and computer science.
We offer outcomes of research to local governments that would be usefulfor making evacuation planning. A new collaborative research project has
just begun with universities, an IT company and a local government.

Not publicly available

Not publicly available

Corresponding publications(1) Makinoshima, F., Imamura, F., Abe, Y. “Development of Tsunami Evacuation Simualtion Considering Ped-Car
Intercation -Validation in the 2011 Evacuation Event at Kesennuma City-,” J. JSCE Ser B2, 1645-1650, 2015.
(2) Makinoshima, F., Imamura, F., Abe, Y. “A Stochastic Evacuation Risk Evaluation by Multi-scenario Tsunami
Evacuation Simualtion,” J. JSCE Ser B2, 2017. (in press)(3) Makinoshima, F., Imamura, F., Abe, Y. “Enhancing a Tsunami Evacuation Simulation for a Multiscale/scenario
Analysis using Parallel Computing,” Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, (in revision)

Tsunami Evacuation Survey
We conducted tsuami evacuation survey at Kesennuma collaborating with a consultant company andthe local government. Since previous surveys lack the detail information, we collected various medias
recording actual scenes from broadcasting companies, newspaper companies and individuals.
In addition to the macroscopic survey in Kesennnuma, one by one detail interview survey has been
conducting in Ishinomaki City. Since the survey need deep consideration of local residents’ mind, weare collaborating with NPO in Ishinomaki. The survey is expected to contribute to understandrelationship between individual conception and behaviour during mega disasters.

Corresponding publications(1) Makinoshima, F., Imamura, F., Abe, Y. “Behavior from Tsunami
Recorded in Multimedia Sources at Kesennuma City in the 2011
Tohoku Tsunami and Its Simulation by Using Evacuation Modelwith Pedestrian-Car Interaction,” Coast. Eng. J., 1640023, 2016.
(2) Makinoshima, F., Abe, Y., Imamura, F., Machida, G., Takeshita, Y.
“Possible Factors Promoting Car Evacuation in the 2011 Tohoku
Tsunami Revealed by Analyzing a Massive Questionnaire
Survey,” Geosciences, 2017. (in revision)

Practical Activities
I am also working for various practical activities. As a partof G-safety programme, I contributed to the developmentof a novel disaster educational tool named “Gensai Action
Card Game” and other volantary works. As a researcher, I
gave some lectures for publics.

Public lecture at Kesennuma (2016/07/16)

Volantary work for 3.11 memorial at Ishinomaki(2017/03/11)

Disaster education using the “Gensai Action Card Game” (2014/07/19)
We got the patent for the card game with Tohoku University. Now the card
game is commercially available from Tohoku University.
http://www.tohoku.u-coop.or.jp/shopping/goods/

Newspaper (2014/09/18)

Lecture for high school students at Ishinomaki
2017/08/03

This was a collaborative project with multiple leading
programs and universities. Members from G-safety in
Tohoku University, RESPECT in Osaka University and
DNGL in University of Kochi participated in this project.

Awareness and Experience of a Structure
to Provide Social Benefit Based on Safety and Security਍৸‫؞‬਍ੱऋ঺ভपਹஇ॑ुञैघଡୗभ৅ৄध৬ୡ
Inter-Graduate School Doctoral Degree Program on Science for Global Safety, Tohoku University
Takafumi Ogawa (Graduate School of Engineering)

About G-Safety¾¾¾

Objective of human resource development‫؟‬One of the objectives of this program is to foster global leaders who can recognize and deal withrisks in our society.
Approach :7KHVWXGHQWVLQWKLVSURJUDPDUHH[SHFWHGWREHFRPHDOHDGHUDVnKH[DJRQDO Kompeito W\SH|human resources (see figure on the right) through collaboration with other students who engage
in different specialty areas.
As an industrial leader :The leaders who completed this program are supposed to be equipped with capabilities to provide
accurate assessments of risks, to make solution to the risks and to manage business continuity
with global perspectives.

The model that I figured outƮūƈƛƄƊƒƑƄƏŋKompeitoŌŃƗƜƓƈƼ
human resources

This model among social benefit, security and safety is generated from what I have learned in this program. Although safety and security
are obviously important when a new/advanced system is implemented to our society, some steps shown in the following figure will beembodied. There are 3+1 steps to generate social benefits based on safety & security. For each steps, industries or institutions have theirown role in this model.

¾ Safety (Step 1)
Safety can be determined by quantitative assessments. Fundamental
research works can broaden this field (e.g. disaster mechanism).

¾ Security (Step 2)
When the companies and institutions bring the safety-applied products tothe market or implement them in the society, reliability of the products
should be examined and developed in the industrial field. So, this area
would be extended by Research & Development works.

¾ Benefit (Step 3)
Benefits come from a result of implementation of safety and security
technologies and knowledge. In some cases, kinds of communication withstakeholders (e.g. governance, consensus) will be necessary. Moreover,in order to provide the benefit continuously, the producers need to maintaintheir products (management).

¾ Investment (Step +1)
6RPHRIEHQHILWVZRXOGEHFRPHnLQYHVWPHQW|,WZRXOGEHXWLOL]HGIRU
developing new technologies/knowledge, therefore it drives the model
process again.

Social benefit generation steps based on safety & security(Boxed: My own experience)

What I experienced (in the program and research activity)¾ <Safety> Safety research on automation (Human Factors / Resilience Engineering)Æ

0\UHVHDUFKWKHPHLVIRFXVLQJRQn+XPDQ-&RPSXWHU,QWHUDFWLRQ|WRSUHYHQWDFFLGHQWE\nPLVPDWFK|EHWZHHQKXPDQDQG
computer in highlytautomated systems. (e.g. airplane, highly-automated vehicle, etc.)
I have learned about disaster topics, including prevention/mitigation in G-Safety program.
I can now recognize what risks exist among a system and facilities more than before.

¾ <Security> Self-planned projectÆ,KDGUXQn6FLHQFH7HFKQRORJ\ 6RFLHW\ 676 :RUNVKRS|WZLFH  ZLWKSURJUDPPHPEHUVIn 2016, I managed international workshops for high school students as the project leader.
I can now recognize that STS has significant role to implement anything to our society.
HJLQYHVWLJDWLQJVWDNHKROGHUVbIHHOLQJVRIVHFXULW\VRFLDODFFHSWDELOLW\HWF

¾ <Benefit> Super internship & LecturesÆ,KDGMRLQHGDIRUHLJQLQVXUDQFHFRPSDQ\DVDQLQWHUQIRUDPRQWKWRH[SHULHQFHn%HQHILW|VWHS
I have learned about management in my department (Management Science and Technology).
I can now understand why (risk) management is important for sustainability.

Summary & Future vision to my career

Photos of STS workshops (2016)¾ A model of benefits generation process based on safety and security can be proposed by my experience of G-Safety program andresearch activity.
¾ According to this model, I have experienced and learned each steps (Safety, Security, Benefit)¾ Sometimes, although safety and security contradict benefits, I would like to be a leader who can manage safety and security getting thebenefits in the future.

My Impact Received from the G-Safety Programʰήϫʖώϩ҈સָφρϕϨʖξʖү੔ϕϫήϧϞʱ͖Δणͪ͜Ӫ‫ڻ‬Yoko Kurita(Inter-Graduate School Doctoral Degree Program on Science for Global Safety, Tohoku University)

In 2015, I joined the G-Safety program to extend my horizons of the world.
I am approaching global human resources through variety of experiences.

Cooperation with the world Many lectures which are different from my major (cultural anthropology).
9Risks of natural/human disasters
ĺI began to considering about disaster from various perspectives.
9How to become a leader
ĺ̮hat I need to be a leader: having a vision, foreseeing the future, sympathizing with people.
9Global communication skills: How to explain my research in English.
Risks ofĺI began actively joining international conferences.

I learned over-viewing and international sense through these lectures.

How tobecome aleadernatural/humandisasters

Globalcommunication
skillsCollaboration with other students³6HOI-SODQHGSURMHFW´6WXGHQWVLQWKH*-Safety program can establish projects relating risks and safety by themselves.
 Preparation and verification of manual guidelines for
management of temporary housing (since 2015)

 Global News Seminar (since 2016)*I am a leader of this year

Our goal
To tell the lessons about management of temporary
housing learned from the Great East Japan
Earthquake in 2011 to other regions.
The feature&ROODERUDWLRQZLWKRWKHUOHDGLQJSURJUDPV¶VWXGHQWV(University of Kochi and Osaka University).
Activities
9 Interviewing to six affected local governments
9 Making case studies
9 Excursions in Kumamoto prefecture (October2016) and Kochi prefecture (October 2017)

Our purpose
Discussing world issues, especially humandisasters, with students of various majors.
:HFKHULVKWRWKLQN³ZKDWFDXVHGWKHPDWWHU´DQG
³KRZZHVROYHWKHSUREOHP´
Activities
9 Learning the mechanisms of the problems
9 Discussing about the solution

I improved ability of problem setting and leadership through those activities.

Increase of motivation to my doctoral research
0\GRFWRUDOUHVHDUFKLV³Modernization in Bhutan´DQG,DPVWXG\LQJDERXW³Bhutanese technical intern trainees´ in Japan.
I am inspired from discussions with students and my advisors of the G-Safety program.
What is the meaning of your research?
Please teach me about Bhutan!

Opinions from anthropological study are important!

I learned communication skill and sense of ethics to my research.

I will EH³Confeito-W\SH´KXPDQUHVRXUFHVVRRQ

³Confeito-W\SH´KXPDQUHVRXUFHV࣮ࣜࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ2017 ࣏ࢫࢱ࣮Ⓨ⾲
C-M01-4

What I learned to be an international leaderୡ⏺䛷ά㌍䛩䜛䝸䞊䝎䞊䛸䛺䜛䛯䜑䛻Ꮫ䜣䛰䛣䛸
Ryosuke Kaneko
Inter-Graduate School Doctoral Degree Programon Science for Global Safety, Tohoku University
INTERNATIONAL LEADERS
International leaders are people who have an ability to solve social issues with people from various countries and specialty

RESEARCH FIELDMEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems)

Example: MEMS in iPhone

Small sensors= Low cost
= Large productivity= Low power consumption= High level technology







Key device forAcceleration sensor
Gyro sensor
Electric compass
Microphones
Acoustic filter

IoT(Internet of Things)

iPhone5

Experience at G-safety program
Ϩ. CREATION OF NEW SOLUTIONS WITHSTUDENTS FROM DIFFERENT SPECIALITIES
Knowledge+

Research at Fraunhofer ENAS (Germany)
2015/04/01~08/31

Set clear problems & goal䞉Mitigation actions
䞉Tsunami warning

Ϫ. INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION

Risks

Situation
䞉People around?
䞉Close to the sea?






Disaster mitigation
䞉Go higher place
䞉Appeal people to run

This process is difficult for junior school and junior high school students.
How can we train these students to promote thinking in disaster situation?

Discussion with students (from Disaster, Science, Literature dep.)
Making ideas
from wide field

Everyone joinsdiscussion++

Find newthings & ideas

A confidence asa global research student

Doctoral research
New sensing principle of MEMS microphone for voice recognition
Resonators

Solution
Disaster Mitigation Action Card game
(DMAC)
 Teaching material to promote quick thinking
in disaster situation
 Simple rules & Questions
 Share disaster mitigation ideas with other players
27 cards
for quick response to disaster  Card design with pictogram

ϩ. EXPERIENCE AS A LEADER
Set vision & policy
What is our goal?
What are problems for the goal?
How do we solve the problems?

LeadershipSound detection
in meter order!

Phase 2

Optimization

DesignFeedback phase 1

Fabrication

Reliability

Evaluation

Many situation to use English

ϫ. INTERNSHIP AT AN INDUSTRIAL COMPANY

DMAC FY2016

OMRON Platform of DMAC (Manuals, homepage) DMAC for meteorological disaster Questionnaire survey of DMAC
for foreigner student Sensor application
Keihannna innovation center for factory automation
2017/07/10-07/28
 Experience of R&D at a company

Scheduling
Manuals for beginner& disaster leaders

Phase 1

Verifying performance

One of my group leader is German.
German group leader 5HSRUWGLVFXVVLRQPHHWLQJ«Leading members
to solve the problems

Management oforiginal plan & progress

Research of MEMS packaging technology
Lecture of micro fabrication process
Different research & life style from Japan
Good chance to practice English skills

DMAC formeteorological disaster

Presentation at
JPGU2016(Journal in future) Team work
(Collaboration and Communication)
 Time management
 MEMS businessfrom industrial point of view

FutureHOW DO I CONTRIBUTE AS AN INTERNATIONAL LEADER?
Next society
Social issues
Energy, Medical & Hearth care,+XPDQVRXUFHELJGDWD VHFXULW\«

IoT, AI, robotics, big data
MEMS is a key device!

7RGD\¶VVLWXDWLRQWhat is a sensing of next generation?

 Business of MEMS companies in Japanstrongly depend on iPhone
 Foreigner start-XSVJURZVUDSLGO\ 6L7LPH&KLUS« 6ROXWLRQIRUWKHWRGD\¶VVRFLDOLVVXHV
 Knowledge & ideas from other field Collaboration with international leadersInnovation
MEMS based siliconoscillator (SiTime)

Micromachined UltrasonicTransducers (Chirp)

I would like to create a sensing systemof next generation as an international leader

Leading Forum 2017 Industrial Leader

What is the flexibility that the leader should have?
ϨʖξʖͶ‫ٽ‬ΌΔΗΖौೊ੓ͳͺʃShinji ISHIBASHI
Inter-Graduate School Doctoral Degree Program on Science for Global Safety
Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Tohoku University
Email: shinji.ishibashi.q2@dc.tohoku.ac.jpࡲ࢒ࢋ࢞࢏࢈࢏࢒࢏࢚࢟ ൌ ࡷ࢔࢕࢝࢒ࢋࢊࢍࢋ ࢉ࢕࢓࢈࢏࢔ࢇ࢚࢏࢕࢔
It is impossible to solve a complicated industrial issue with only one knowledge. Therefore, a person trying
to solve the complicated issue such as a industrial leader has to not only have wide-range knowledge but
also be able to combine the individual knowledge.

How to enhance my knowledge combination?
3D Metal Additive Manufacturing

Industrial Equipment

SLM: Selective Laser Melting

Medical
Implants
3

2

CAD data

Sintering process

Product

In a medical care field, inserting a medical implant inbone defect part caused by an accident or disease
were carried out for improving a patient QOL.
However, due to the difference in the elasticity
between a metal implant and living bone, decreasingbone density is occurred around a metal implant. The
phenomenon called stress shielding5. In order toprevent this problem, a metal implant containing
pores adequately is fabricated via SLM to reduce its
elasticity modulus.

4

Structures
Complex structure

Airplane

The feature of SLM is to be able to create acomplex structure which can not be
fabricated using conventional process called
removal machining like cutting, casting, or
wrought. The left images shows two typesof porous structures fabricated via SLM.
Both structures are designed based on thebasic structure called Unit Cell. Each Unit
Cell is showed in lower image. By controllingthe number and size of them, it is possible
to achieve low elasticity modulus andweight reduction1.

Lattice

Jet engine parts

7

GyroidG-Safety

Microstructures

Student project

Texture control

Micro

Acicular

Build direction

To improve fuel efficiency and safety, the parts or materials
adopted into jet engine are developed to have higher heat
resistance, strength and longer fatigue life. Additionally, reducing
weight or the number of components are also desired. SLM orother metal additive manufacturing method have attracted
attention from various companies as a innovative methodadvancing that desire. For example, in the case of General ElectricCompany (GE), a fuel nozzle of a jet engine manufactured bymetal 3D printing achieved reduction in the number of parts,
weight reduction and also improvement of fuel efficiency8.

6

40 μm

Multi microstructure

It is known that the microstructure isclosely related to the mechanicalproperties of metal products such aselasticity modulus, hardness, or yieldstress. The left images show the crosssection microstructures of SLM
fabricated specimens observed by EBSD(Electron backscatter diffraction). Three
specimens fabricated under various
building conditions have different
microstructures. If the microstructures
will be controlled, we can create agraded structure whose mechanicalproperties change continuously.

Global News Seminar
9

10

11

I belong Global News Seminar, a student project of GSafety. Because this project focuses on the importancethat a researcher should be concerned with global issue
like a terrorism, refugee, trade, election, etc., we
discussed the theme, ͞WƌŽƉŽƐĞ a joint research project toavoid/prevent ǁĂƌ͟. Thorough the discussion, we learned
that our paper or achievement always have possibility not
only to contribute a human society but also to be misused
to harm someone.

What is the flexibility for the leader?

Mechanical properties

The flexibility is having the ability to combined various high-level knowledge. It is
the most important value for the industrial leader because a industrial issue will
be more and more complex.
References

Vickers hardness

Bend strength

1. <͘hƐŚŝũŝŵĂĞƚĂů͕͘͞ŶŝŶǀĞƐƚŝŐĂƚŝŽŶŝŶƚŽƚŚĞĐŽŵƉƌĞƐƐŝǀĞƉƌŽƉĞƌƚŝĞƐŽĨ
7. https://s3.amazonaws.com/dsg.files.app.content.prod/gereports/wpstainless steel micro-ůĂƚƚŝĐĞƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞƐ͕͟:ŽƵƌŶĂůŽĨ^ĂŶĚǁŝĐŚ^ƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞƐĂŶĚ
content/uploads/2017/02/10133135/LPT-Blades-made-in-TiAl-by-EBMMaterials, vol. 13, no.3, pp. 303ʹ329, 2010.
technology.jpg
2. http://ginzaplus.com/_images/c_treatment_surgery_01.jpg
8. https://www.ge.com/reports/mind-meld-ge-3d-printing-visionary-joined3. http://dentalhirai.com/images/top_medical03_img.png
forces/
4. http://livedoor.blogimg.jp/ihayato/imgs/3/2/3296e2a1.jpg
9. https://www.irobot5. E͘^ƵŵŝƚŽŵŽĞƚĂů͕͘͞ǆƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚƐƚƵĚǇŽŶĨƌĂĐƚƵƌĞĨŝǆĂƚŝŽŶǁŝƚŚůŽǁƌŝŐŝĚŝƚǇjp.com/storeproduct/700series/img/highgrade/main_img_03.jpg
ƚŝƚĂŶŝƵŵĂůůŽǇ͗ƉůĂƚĞĨŝǆĂƚŝŽŶŽĨƚŝďŝĂĨƌĂĐƚƵƌĞŵŽĚĞůŝŶƌĂďďŝƚ͕͟:ŽƵƌŶĂůŽĨ 10. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v482/n7384/images/482156aMaterials Science, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 1581ʹ1586, 2008
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6. https://s3.amazonaws.com/dsg.files.app.content.prod/gereports/wp11. http://www.kayakujapan.co.jp/sale/img/photo_dynamite2.jpg
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