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A Voith and Siemens Company

MAGAZINE FOR HYDROPOWER
HYDRO POWER TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGYHYPOWER
HyPower#26| 2012| Spring 2015
#1

AMET CURSUS MAURIS SIT AMET

LOREM IPSUM

WHY HYDROPOWER BRINGS MORE THAN JUST CLEAN ENERGY

MAURIS SIT AMETCONSEQUAT VITAE
AMET CURSUSEMPOWERINGGLOBAL EXPERTISEVALUABLE INFRASTRUCTURE FOR RURAL NORTHERN INDIA

FULL-LINE SUPPLIER
VIVAMUS ELEMENTUM SEMPER SIT
SMALL HYDRO MAKES A BIG IMPACT IN CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA

editorial

Imprint
Published by:Voith Hydro Holding GmbH & Co. KG
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www.voith.com
Responsible:
Ute Böhringer-Mai
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Your Feedback: If you have any
comments or questions on this issue of
HyPower, please contact us: hypower@voith.com

Join us on Twitter:
https://twitter.com/voith_hydroPhotographs:
Cover: shutterstock/ixpert; p. 6 Caio Coronel/Itaipu Binacional; p. 8-9 Laif/Peter Bialobrzeski;p. 11 age fotostock/LOOK-foto; p.12 Laif/Wen Zhenxiao; p. 14-16 Micha Wolfson (2);p. 17 Marius Hoefinger; p. 18-19 Illustration: Hokolo 3D; p. 23-25 interfoto/Danita Delimont,
Manitoba Hydro (2); p. 26-27 Antonio Carreiro (2) Foto Divulgação, HMV Ingenieros Ltda.;
p. 28-29 Caio Coronel/Itaipu Binacional; p. 34: Dawin Meckel, Antonio Carreiro (1);
p. 35-37: dpa Picture Alliance (2), all mauritius-images, action press; p. 44-45 Brook Christopher,
Scott Christopher, Tessa Traeger; p. 46 Hayman Studio; p. 47 Illustration: Hokolo 3DAll other photos are from Voith Hydro.

hydro: powerful
and beneficial
Rapid population growth, a push for economic and social
development, and climate change are driving the search forreliable sources of renewable energy. Yet one of the best­solutions has been around for far more than 100 years –­dependable and proven, efficient and affordable: hydropower.
Since a few resourceful engineers and inventors, whosenames remain eminent in the industry, first pushed forwardhydropower technology in the mid-19th century, hydroelectric
power has become a global success story. Today, it offers
clean, stable and affordable electricity in all parts of the globe.
Although it’s one of the most established sources of energy,
it’s also one of the most innovative, constantly developing
new technologies to better serve a growing world.
Hydropower is truly multi-functional: dams are used forflood protection, while greater control over water depths
enables improved river navigation. Surrounding areas profit
from improved irrigation systems and secure drinking watersupply, while pumped storage reservoirs provide a means ofstoring power and lending stability to the grid – vital, as we see
an increased use of volatile renewables like wind and solar.
Perhaps the greatest benefits hydropower can bring,
though, are of the social and economic kind. The sheer presence of reliable electricity can make a huge difference to many
people’s lives in remote and underdeveloped regions, butthere are also a number of secondary benefits: roads, hospitals, schools and new job opportunities. Education, healthand the chance for social, professional and personal development are key for a better future, and hydropower can help
facilitate the preconditions for this.
All these positive contributions can sometimes be overlooked, which is why we outline them in detail in this newissue of HyPower – a reminder of what a powerful and beneficial resource hydropower can be.
Enjoy the read!

Yours sincerely,

Ute Böhringer-Mai
Head of Communications
HyPower 2015 | 3

contents

contents

8

Discover more
about Voith
through its
other insightful
publications.

Agenda setting

8

31

17

ENERGY AND MUCH MORE
An overview of the many benefitsof hydropower: from clean energy
to social development

20 MORE RELIABLE
THAN EVER
Re-emphasizing the benefits ofpumped storage in Scotland

The still beauty of
Nuozhadu Dam in China

32 SAVING TIME, SECURINGQUALITY
SUCCESSFUL PARTNERSHIPS

14 POSITIVE OUTLOOKFrom schools to hospitals androads: Voith Hydro CEO Dr. Roland
Münch on the many pluses ofhydropower, today and in future

31 ON REFLECTION

23 BALANCING the PARAMETERS
An innovative bidding and design
approach in icy Canada

Continuous process improvement
is bringing major benefits tocustomers and the environment

35

DIRECTORYGLOBAL EXPERTISE

35 UNRIVALED

47	hydropower potential

The Three Gorges Dam continues
to set record after record

A visual guide to the world’s
potential and installed hydropower
capacity by continent

38 IN THE LAND OF GODS
The benefits of the Karcham
Wangtoo plant in northern India, as
described by those who live there

26 SMALL HYDRO, BIG IMPACT
17 AWARD-WINNING
REGULARS

3	editorial
6	what’s new
7 ON TOPIC
41	world of voith
42 from the archives
44 	guest perspective
46 5 questions for …
4 | HyPower 2015

Voith wins PR Image of the YearThe benefits of small hydro in Latin
Americafull-line supplier

GREEN ENERGY MIX

18 COMPREHENSIVE EXPERTISE
From generators to turbines andautomation: Voith covers the fullproduct spectrum

47

28 CLEARER WATERS
Fresh perspectives on thelink between reservoirs andgreenhouse gases
HyPower 2015 | 5what’s new
Sectionon topic

World of water

Wales Voith Hydro has been helping to inject new life into RWE Innogy UK’s largest

hydropower station, Dolgarrog, in Wales. After generating energy for over 100 years,
it has been undergoing major refurbishment: as well as comprehensive pipeline
renewal, unit 4 has been successfully modernized by Voith’s small hydro specialist
Kössler, with the new runner operating like “Swiss clockwork,” says Kössler CEO
Josef Lampl. Due to the installation conditions on site, the runner was CFD-designed
at Voith’s Global R&D Center. Installation at the narrow powerhouse still proved achallenge, and to make the equipment a perfect fit, the assembly process was firstmodeled in 3-D. After successful commissioning, the 10 MW runner is now supporting the plant in covering high-peak energy demand for the national grid. //From food to sanitation, water is essential
for much more than just drinking, but theplanet’s most important resource remains arare commodity for millions across the globe.

1RECORD-BREAKERBRAZIL The largest runner ever produced by Voith Hydro in Lat-in America was shipped to the Belo Monte project in January. A
12-axle trailer left the Voith manufacturing shop in Manaus, Brazil, with the 320-ton, 8.5x5-meter runner to load it onto a barge
for the 890-kilometer downstream journey towards the Belo
Monte hydropower plant. Voith’s new Manaus location is strategically located between several hydropower projects, planned orin progress. “This proximity enables greater flexibility and speed.
Our customers benefit from it, from purchase to maintenance ofequipment,” explains Marcos Blumer, President & CEO of Voith
Hydro Latin America. The Belo Monte hydropower plant on the
Xingu River is expected to be commissioned in 2019 and will
have an installed capacity of 11,233 MW. Voith is delivering fourFrancis turbines, four generators, electrical and mechanical auxiliaries, as well as providing the complete automation systems
and the engineering for the project. //CELEBRATING PAST AND FUTURE

Balancing the grid

CANADA Voith Hydro Mississauga in Ontario celebrated its 25th anniversary

LuxembOurg Voith Hydro Heidenheim will

this April with a special two-day symposium, which featured expert training, atour of its facilities and various topics related to the future of the Canadianhydro industry. The Mississauga site has established itself as a center of
excellence for coil production
modernization and service, andworks with many different customers and all Voith Hydro locations worldwide. It combines
both a high-tech facility, which
was completely modernized in
2009, and an international teamof highly experienced and specialized staff. //refurbish four motor-generators at Vianden
pumped storage plant, Luxembourg. The
modernization work aims at continuing safe
and stable operation of the highly flexible
machines. With their ability to power up in
short time and to quickly switch between
operation modes, pumped storage plants
like Vianden, besides storing energy, canbalance load variations and thus strongly
contribute to grid integration of renewables.
The modernization also includes a new construction for the rotor poles that facilitates
inspection and replacement of the poles. //6 | HyPower 2015

USA: 380 liters

297%

LIKE SWISS CLOCKWORK

Salt water
dominates

About 97% of all water on
Earth is salt water, leaving
only 3% as freshwater.
Approximately two-thirdsof this freshwater is locked
in glaciers and ice caps,
making them unusable.

Europe: 190 liters

Africa: 19 liters

Contrasting consumption• Residents of Sub-Saharan Africa use only 7-19 liters of water a day• Europeans use around 190 liters a day on average• American residents use about 380 liters of water a day

3

Journey for water

People in Africa and Asia have to walk an average of 3.7 miles to collectwater. The United Nations estimates that Sub-Saharan Africa alone
loses 40 billion hours a year collecting water; the same as an entire
year’s labor in all of France.

Missing the basics

4783,000,000

6people of the world’s total population of around 7.3 billion do not have access to clean water and almost 2.5 billion
do not have access to adequate sanitation.

5

Tomato: 95%
Humans: 53-75%
Firewood: 50%
Recycled plastic cup: 50%

95%
water

7

Share of water

More than you thought?

liters6

Flushed away

The average toilet uses six liters ofclean water in a single flush.

Everything we eat and drink needs water to grow and be produced:
1 apple70 liters
2,025 liters

150g beefsteak
1 slice of bread 40 liters

2,400 liters

1 hamburger
1 cup of coffee

140 liters

Sources: 1 US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2 6 US Environmental Protection Agency 3 United Nations Development Programme: Resources Guide on
Gender and Climate Change (2009) 4 UN-Water 5 German Federal Agency for Civic Education: Fluter magazine 7 UN-Water; Water Footprint Network

HyPower 2015 | 7

AGENDA SETTING

Energy and much more
Not just a reliable source of renewable power, hydropower brings
multiple socio-economic benefits to many parts of the world.

T

Symptomatic of our growing demand for electricity,in just a few decades, the city of Abu Dhabi has
mushroomed from a small port into a global
financial metropolis that is expanding each year.
8 | HyPower 2015

he population of the world is forecast to grow from 7.3
billion to 8 billion in the next nine years. That means ahuge growth in demand for electricity just when mankind is struggling to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The
problem is that in most countries of the world – whether already industrialized or emerging – economic development is
intrinsically linked with high levels of carbon emission due to
overdependence on fossil fuel. The “dream solution” is asource of electricity which is infinite, has near-zero fuel costs
and emissions, and which is also reliable and flexible. That is
not as elusive as it sounds.
Thirty years ago the World Commission on Environmentand Development pointed out that hydroelectric power stations
that are developed and operated in a manner that is economically viable, environmentally sensible and socially responsible

HyPower 2015 | 9

AGENDA SETTING

Hydropower’s global growth potential

US Senator Lisa Murkowski, Chairwoman of the Energy and Natural
Resources Committee

According to researchers at the Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries in Berlin, hydropower development is primarily concentrated in developing countries andthe emerging economies of Southeast Asia, South Americaand Africa. The Balkans, Anatolia and the Caucasus are
additional centers of future dam construction.
At least 3,700 major dams, each with a capacity of morethan 1 MW, are either planned or currently under construction. These are predicted to increase global hydroelectricity
capacity from the current level of around 1,000 GW by 70%
to about 1,700 GW over the next 10 to 20 years. More than
40% of the hydropower capacity under construction orplanned will be installed in low- and lower-middle-income
countries.
Further potential lies in upgrading existing dams that have
not yet been utilized for hydropower generation. In the US
alone, less than 20% of dams are used to generate electricity
from hydropower, with 80,000 dams awaiting electrification –a potential that has been estimated at 70 GW.

represent the best concept of sustainable development. “Thatmeans, development that today addresses people’s needs without compromising the capacity of future generations for addressing their own needs,” the Commission said.
Today, more than 30 countries, from Brazil and Mozambique to Nepal and Norway, rely on hydropower for over 80%of their electricity. Even in fossil-fuel-rich countries, hydropower can play an important role. In the United States, for example, hydropower accounts for over half of all renewableelectricity generation and 7% of total electricity generation. In
fact, production of all renewables is growing rapidly, almost
doubling between 1991 and 2011. But hydropower still represents the lion’s share of this and now accounts for about 16%
of global electricity production.

­ ydroelectric power plant can be around 85-95%, comparedhwith about 35% for wind energy, 15% for solar power and lessthan 50% for traditional thermal-electric plants. Recent studies
show that when all project lifetime costs are taken into account,hydropower has the lowest electricity cost of any energy source.
As Meike Van Ginneken, head of the World Bank’s Water Sector, notes, “Hydropower is the lowest-cost solution to providing
electricity in many developing countries, with an average levelized cost of $0.03 to $0.05 per kWh, according to the Inter­governmental Panel on Climate Change. In addition, it is thelargest and most readily scalable form of renewable power generation currently available. At such a low cost, hydropower canalso compete economically with other large-scale energy generation technologies, such as gas- and coal-fired plants.”

Unique qualities
Hydropower is unique among renewable sources of energy. Like
most others, it has the enormous advantage that its primarysource of energy is not subject to daily fluctuations in international prices; it is free and steadily available. But unlike other renewables, hydropower is the only one that combines a highcost-benefit ratio and efficiency with flexibility and reliability.
Solar and wind plants can cost as much to build as hydro plants,
but produce less energy because they have lower plant factors.
The energy conversion system efficiency for a well-operated

Energy security
Hydropower also addresses a growing concern, especially inmany developed countries, about energy security. Fossil fuelresources are not evenly distributed, and many nations are unduly dependent on imports. Volatility in international energy
prices – and the need for foreign currency to pay for it – meansthat oil imports can create huge national economic challenges
and worries for many countries.
This is a significant concern even for economies which already have well-developed hydropower resources. US Senator“The Department of Energy estimates we have the potential toproduce 300 GW of additionalhydroelectric energy in America.”

10 | HyPower 2015

Free, readily available and not subject to price fluctuations:water is an excellent source of reliable energy.

Lisa Murkowski, of Alaska, the new chairwoman of the Senate
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, believes her
state offers a glimpse of the enormous potential of hydroelectric power: “It already generates 24% of our total electricity,
and with 200 promising sites and 300 MW of projects being
discussed at some level, it could generate enough power for thestate to meet the goal of getting half of its power from renewable energy by 2025.”“Long life spans and zerocost fuel provide clean,
low-cost power for ourhomes and businesses.”
Linda Church Ciocci, Executive Director US National
Hydropower Association

Ultimate flexibility
Hydropower is also the ideal backstop for all grids. A uniquefeature of modern hydropower facilities is that they can go
quickly from standstill to maximum output within a matter ofminutes. This flexibility can help balance variations in generating capacity of other renewables and is a major reason why itshould be embraced with enthusiasm, according to Atle Harby,
Senior Research Scientist at SINTEF Energy Research andDirector of Norway’s CEDREN research center.
“Wind power will vary a lot over the space of a week due tochanging weather patterns. In some periods, weather patterns
can tend to persist, affecting a lot of installations. Hydropower isthe only renewable that has the ability to store energy for use
when it is needed.” Linda Church Ciocci, Executive Director of
the US National Hydropower Association, agrees wholeheartedly. “Hydropower is a vital part of our future as America demands energy that is not only cleaner, but more affordable. Long
life spans, low operations and maintenance costs, and zero-cost
fuel provide consumers with clean, low-cost power for our homes
and businesses across the country. Not to mention the hundredsof thousands of jobs the industry has created already.”
The power to change lives
The benefits for developing economies can be enormous andfar-reaching. Meike Van Ginneken says that for developing
HyPower 2015 | 11

AGENDA SETTING

Hydropower is …
... renewable
By harnessing the power of running water without depletingit to produce electricity, hydropower is truly renewable.

… an enabler
Accumulation reservoirs offer incomparable operational flexibility as they can quickly
respond to fluctuations in energy demand. This enables greater integration of morevolatile renewables such as wind and solar power and brings stability to the grid.

… affordable
Highly efficient and with low operational and maintenance costs and an average lifetime of
50-100 years, a hydropower plant is a long-term investment that produces a high costbenefit ratio. And unlike fuel or natural gas, river water is not subject to market fluctuations.

… reliable

China’s Three Gorges Dam brings vital flood protection
and improved river navigation as well as clean energy.

countries, hydropower contributes to reducing poverty andboosting shared prosperity. Also, water storage associated withsome hydropower projects can make important contributions
to water and food security and to climate resilience.
At Karcham Wangtoo in northern India, for example, thelegacy of the hydropower plant completed in 2011 includes a
new school, hospital and industrial training college for local
villagers (see page 38 for more). After recent rehabilitation, theCambambe plant in the southwest African country of Angolabrings much-needed reliable electricity to the grid, while
housing used during the construction has now been passed
over to those living nearby. And royalties paid by the Itaipu
project to local governments in Brazil and Paraguay havehelped improve infrastructure considerably, with Foz do­Iguaçu considered to have the best bus service and the best education system in all of Brazil’s major cities.
In Costa Rica, hydropower development companies are
required to provide community development funds to foster
economic development in the project areas, while in Brazil
companies are charged a fee for the water used to generate
electricity, 45% of which goes to municipalities losing land toreservoir inundation and 45% to the state or provincial authorities. It is also important to recognize that hydropower is
far from a “one-trick pony.” Its infrastructure – especially reservoirs – is usually complementary to a range of economic and
12 | HyPower 2015

Always available, hydropower can provide low-carbon base load power.

social objectives. Improved navigation, flood control, seasonal
irrigation reserves, creating sustainable supplies of fresh waterto prevent drought, fishing and recreational opportunities are
all possible benefits that can contribute substantially to local
social and economic development.
These and many other examples demonstrate ways inwhich the positive benefits of hydropower projects can be provided to entire communities, while at the same time offering
meaningful mitigation to those that may have been mostdirectly affected by their construction. //… good for economic and social development
As well as clean energy, hydropower projects also bring infrastructure such as roads
and bridges to remote regions. Rivers can also be made more easily navigable, while
improved educational and health facilities are a further plus.

… clean
The hydroelectric life cycle produces very small amounts of greenhouse gases. By
offsetting emissions from fossil-fuel driven plants, it can help slow global warming.
Hydropower plants also don’t generate toxic by-products.

… versatile
Hydropower plants come in different forms and sizes. While large facilities
feed into the public grid, small hydro plants can support individual businessesor residences; the energy is produced where it is needed.

… lifesaving“Hydropower is the lowest-cost
solution to providing electricity
in many developing countries.”
Meike van Ginneken, Water Sector Leader, World Bank

Dams can help protect areas vulnerable to flooding, while reservoirs
act as a valuable means of storing water for drinking or irrigation.

... recreational
Reservoirs can be used for water sports, tourism and fishing, bringing
both enjoyment and valuable further income to surrounding areas.

HyPower 2015 | 13

Agenda SettingMore than justclean energy
From schools to roads andhospitals, hydropower
projects can bring many
additional benefits todeveloping regions all over
the world, says Voith Hydro
CEO Dr. Roland Münch.

As CEO you travel all over the world, in order to meet customers andinspect hydropower projects. What things have impressed you most?
For me as an engineer, the sheer size of our turbines and generators, theirenergy output and the power density are extremely impressive. The biggest
turbines we build can produce power for more than a million people, while
even small hydro equipment generates energy for up to 10,000 people.
The size of the construction sites required for these projects, which sometimes involve several thousand employees, is also remarkable.
These projects often require a considerable amount of new infrastructure. Do local people benefit from this after construction has finished?
Yes, especially in areas that are not highly developed or very remote. New
infrastructure might include transportation and road systems, as well as all
the other things necessary for the workforce such as accommodation, canteens, schools, hospitals and wastewater treatment facilities. When visiting
plants in operation, I have seen that these social facilities are very much appreciated and help to improve living standards among the local population.
In this way, hydropower supports regional development, improves living
standards and provides access to education.
And yet we keep seeing protests against large hydropower projects,
because they are thought to damage established ways of life. Can you
explain this?
Many people in developed countries say we should let people go on living in
the conditions they are used to. This effectively means allowing them to live
without access to education, medical care or modern infrastructure. I believethat children without schooling do not have a future. Education is the key to

14 | HyPower 2015

Dr. Münch is convinced that hydropower comes with many benefits
and will progress positively, especially in developing regions.

development. And we, in our highly developed world, do nothave the right to decree that children in developing countries
shall be deprived of a future. The World Bank has also recognized that hydropower is contributing to development and has
increased its support in this sector.
Can you give us some concrete examples of local development through hydropower?
Karcham Wangtoo in India is a good example, and I had the opportunity of seeing these positive results myself. Children there
are now going to school, and this opens up many opportunities
for them. We also cooperate with customers in organizing local
training schemes for commercial staff, for example in the­Cambambe project in Angola. As a company we have had plenty of experience in carrying out projects and training personnel,
and we pass it on through our projects all over the world.
Purely in structural terms, a hydropower plant can beseen as a multiple-use facility. What sorts of benefits are
involved here?
One important aspect is flood protection. The flooding of the
Yangtze has caused millions of deaths in the past, but with theconstruction of the Three Gorges Dam, this threat is undercontrol. Other advantages include irrigation for local farming
and a safe supply of drinking water. This helps people to getthrough periods of drought in Africa, for example. Improved
navigation of rivers and artificial lakes can expand the local recreation opportunities.
What other advantages does hydropower offer to remoteregions of developing countries?
Hydropower is an exceptionally stable and reliable form of energy production, ideally suited for decentralized power generation.
In particular, it can replace the many diesel generators used inlocations like India, Africa, Southeast Asia – and even in remoteregions of Portugal – as a permanent source of supply or backup
facility. Energy from diesel generators is costly, it is often difficult
to procure the fuel, and above all it results in massive environmental pollution.
So in countries like this, hydropower is a better and moreenvironmentally friendly alternative?
Yes, absolutely. Sometimes you can even physically feel it. I
was recently sitting in a nice restaurant somewhere in Africa
HyPower 2015 | 15

1

2

3

Green energy mix

AWARD-WINNING
The aesthetics of technology: Voith wins the PR Image of the Year award.

1 Dr. Münch is optimistic about hydropower’s future and emphasizes Voith’s broad portfolio.
2 The Jay Jyoti School is just one of the legacies of the Karcham Wangtoo project in India …
3 … which also include vital medical facilities for the surrounding villages.

and it was hard to enjoy the good food. I got a constanttaste of diesel soot on my tongue, not to mention the droneof the diesel generators in the background. But even incomparison with wind and solar energy, hydropower is­p referable, as it delivers base load capability, meaning it isalways available. And in the long term it is a highly economical resource, supplying energy at competitive prices
and without any dependence on combustible fuels.
Are market developments heading more towards developing countries?
Yes, that is certainly the case. In recent years we have seen
the market spread shifting significantly towards developing areas. Overall, the market situation in 2014 was a further improvement on previous years, driven in particular by projects
in the developing world. Tarbela in Pakistan and Cambambe
in Angola are examples. Indeed, Africa has huge hydropower
potential, and there are also countries like Laos and Nepal,
where we have had some interesting orders lately, in Nam
Hinboun and Rasuwaghadi respectively. Of course, we must
not forget China, which is still one of the biggest markets for
new projects worldwide.
What sorts of technology are important for these markets?
They can draw on the entire spectrum of our products,
whether large hydro to meet the growing energy needs ofthese dynamically developing countries, or small hydro for a
local and decentralized power supply. As allround providers,
we offer the complete product range for hydropower plants ofany size – turbines, generators and automation technology,
along with the electrical and mechanical equipment needed.
This allows us to meet the different requirements of our customers all over the world, including new products like oursmall hydro solution StreamDiver, which can upgrade existingdams in an economical and environmentally friendly way.
16 | HyPower 2015

“In comparison with windand solar energy, hydropower 3is preferable, as it
delivers base load capacity.”
Dr. Roland Münch, Voith Hydro CEO

What do you expect in terms of future market developments for new projects?
We anticipate a continuation of the current trends: China stillholds enormous potential, and the Three Gorges Corporation,for example, is developing several new megaprojects; we see
significant growth opportunities for hydropower in India andhope that the new government will encourage developments;
Southeast Asia and the mountainous regions of Central Asia areother important growth markets. We have just opened a new
office in Malaysia, in addition to our established branches in China, India and Japan, meaning we are well placed to capitalize on
our opportunities in this region and be close to our customers.
So your view of the future is positive?
We can look forward to the future with optimism. Of course, we
also have to face challenges in certain quarters. The energy shift
in Germany, for example, has led to massive subsidies for thewind and solar sectors and a significant reduction of investments in hydropower, both in Germany and in neighboring
countries. Cheap shale gas is reducing hydropower investments
as well, especially in the United States. However, all in all, on a
global scale, we can be confident that hydropower has many
more good years to come. //“Exceptionally beautiful; pure aesthetics,” was the jury’s verdict on this photo of a Voith Francis runner. The picture was named
PR Image of the Year, chosen from more than 1,700 images submitted by companies across Germany, Switzerland and Austria.
The runner will be installed at the Bratsk hydropower plant in Siberia in order to increase output and efficiency. With an annual
production of around 30,000 gigawatt hours, Bratsk is one of the world’s most powerful hydroelectric plants.

HyPower 2015 | 17

Green energy
full-line
supplier
mix

2
5

4
1

comprehensive
expertise
From a range of generators and turbines totailor-made automation systems, Voith’s
product portfolio covers the full life cycleof large and small hydropower plants.

Functional layout of ahydropower plant:
1 Trash rack prevents trash in the water fromentering the turbines.
2 Intake gate stops the water flow for maintenance or in emergency cases.
3 Transformers convert and transmit electricalenergy at different voltage levels.
4 Switchyard and HV transmission lines
submit electrical energy and ensure longdistance transport.
5 Control room, the central facility to regulate
and supervise plant operation mode.
6 Excitation system communicates with thecontrol system, impacts generator performance,
availability and stable operation.
7 Bottom outlet gate, part of closure equipment.
8 Generator transforms mechanical energyof the turbine into electrical energy.
9 Turbine transforms hydraulic energy into
rotational mechanical energy.

3

6
8

9

7

Conventional generator
Air- or water-cooled, they can be installed horizontally or vertically.
Voith produces both low- and high-speed machines.
> Output: up to 1,100 MVA; Voltage: up to 25 kV

Bulb generator
Low-speed machines for bulb turbines. Usually installed horizontally,
and air-cooled, smaller machines can be cooled by water via bulb shell.
> Output: up to 100 MVA; Voltage: up to 13.8 kVFrancis turbine
For wide head ranges and large flow volumes.
Spiral version can also be used vertically.
> Power: up to 1,000 MW; Head: up to 800 m;
Runner size: up to 11 m

Kaplan turbine
Low-pressure applications with high water
volume. Horizontal and vertical use.
> Power: up to 350 MW; Head: up to 90 m;
Runner size: up to 12 m

Automation systems
The power plant’s brain. Voith develops
tailor-made solutions to ensure complete
service and seamless availability...

Motor-generator
Usually high-speed machines, air- or water-cooled, operablewith reversible pump-turbines or in ternary sets.
> Output: approx. 530 MVA; Voltage: up to 23 kV

Asynchronous generator
Air-cooled, usually vertically installed, and also used as motor-generators.
Suitable for variable-speed pumped-storage, though rarely installed.
> Output: up to 500 MVA; Voltage: up to 22 kV

Pelton turbine
For high heads. Adaptable to achieve optimum
efficiency, even with fluctuating water supply.
> Power: up to 500 MW; Head: up to 2,000 m;
Runner size: up to 6.5 m

Bulb turbine
Can offer high full-load efficiency and flow capacity at relatively low construction costs.
> Power: up to 100 MW; Head: up to 30 m;
Runner size: up to 10 m...from a single source to support safe operation and early fault detection: turbine governors; generator excitation; control and protection systems; monitoring, analysis, diagnostics.

18 | HyPower 2015

HyPower 2015 | 19

full-line supplier

1
2

More reliable
than everModernization work at the Foyers pumped
storage plant in Scotland has sped up
reaction time and increased reliability.

20 | HyPower 2015T

he story of the Foyers pumped
storage project didn’t start lastcentury, but the century before,”says John McDonald, Head of Hydro
Generation at energy company SSE. At
that time, explains McDonald, it was adam for an aluminium smelter. The
contemporary incarnation started in1974 and significant recent work by
Voith has enabled the plant a long-termand sustainable future well into the 21st
century.
Until 2014, Foyers was still home tothe two original valves that had been fitted when the plant was first commissioned, but periodic inspections had
shown that they were no longer in thebest condition and ought to be replaced.
McDonald explains that the pumped
storage plant and the valves were originally envisaged to “balance day andnight energy needs, but as time went on,
the usage altered.” The plant needed an
upgrade to valves to ensure they werereliable, efficient and could operate
quickly at extremely short notice, so
SSE asked for Voith’s expertise in ser-vices for hydropower plants. With up to
10,000 mode changes a year – throughgenerating or spinning, for example –the plant required the most up-to-dateand efficient valves around. Carsten
Fleck, Voith Hydro project manager,
was heavily involved in the work on thesouthern bank of Loch Ness in Scotland. “This was a vital project for thecustomer and the guarantees of quality
and the strict timeline had to be adhered
to,” he says. “Every day that the plant isdown results in a loss of income.”
Size matters
The project presented a number ofdesign and logistical challenges. Simply,
the sheer size and weight of the valvesmeant that transporting them, removing
the old valves and replacing with the
new was an immense proposition. “Wechanged the overhead crane at the station,” explains McDonald, “because if
we hadn’t, the size of the valves would
have meant taking a lot of time andexpense to dismantle them and thenrebuild in situ.” Voith experts had to1	Foyers is located on the picturesque banks of Scotland’s notorious Loch Ness.
2	Transporting the huge 100-ton valves was no easy task.

additionally cut the existing flange andweld a new one onto the inlet valve in avery precise position – no mean feat,comments McDonald.
Fleck concurs, and adds that a lot of
the work was done in very limited spacial conditions: ‘To take out an old valve
measuring around 3.5 meters in diameter and weighing around 100 tons, andreplace it with one of similar dimensions
and weight was a huge challenge, especially given the timeline pressure.”That it was done so successfully is atestament to the fine collaboration work
between Voith and SSE, says Fleck. “We
could rely on a very good relationshipand cooperative work environment.”
The result of the project is a solution
HyPower 2015 | 21

successful partnerships

balancing theparameters
Icy temperatures and an innovative bidding anddesign process add to the unique nature of the
Keeyask plant in Canada.
Putting the finishing touches to one of the two valves prior to delivery and installation.

that is “modern and technically reliable.”Work was completed in October 2014
and “though we are still in the
period of testing,” explains McDonald,“what is critical has been the performance so far. Yes, it took three months
or so and we lost a quarter of our revenue while the plant was down, but it was
carried out on time and since then it’s
been performing well.”
Shorter response time
The upshot is that the Foyers plant isback up and supplying critical energy.
With its two modern valves, both ofwhich help provide 150 MW of stableenergy to the national grid, the plant canreact quicker to the challenges of fluctuations in renewables. McDonald praises
the valves’ ability to “perform with ashorter response time” and he is delighted
that they are “more reliable than ever.”With the service job now successfully complete, Carsten Fleck can also
reflect on a rewarding working environment: a pumped storage plant amidst
mountains and the famous Loch Ness.
“Some people might see it as a little barren, but for me it was a great place towork and I’ll always be very fond of theScottish landscape.” //22 | HyPower 2015

Pumped storage technology: Bringing many benefits
Pumped storage plants such as Foyers have proven to be the only technology
capable of storing energy on an industrial scale, but they also come with several
other advantages.

Energy storage

Grid stability

Peak-loadenergy supply

Integration of renewables

Flexibility
Cost-efficientC

Network
reserve

Fast reaction times

Load-balancing

High efficiency

Voltageregulation

Long lifetime
Proven technology

Black start capability

In Manitoba, temperatures
vary greatly and can drop
to -40°C, making working
conditions difficult.

anada’s Manitoba Province: a new 695 MW hydropower project is being developed by the Keeyask
Hydropower Limited Partnership (KHLP), a partnership between Manitoba Hydro and four Manitoba First
Nations. Suppliers have been very early involved in the project
definition phase to find the optimum solution, and the client,
who has decided for Voith to equip the plant, opted for a fixedblade propeller-turbine generating unit to harness the watersof the Nelson River, which is wide but provides only 18 metersof head. Voith will supply, manufacture, transport and install
the units.
With early supplier involvement, the Keeyask project is a
showcase for an innovative way of design and contracting inorder to optimize costs and the efficiency of the completed
facility. As the project manager contracted by KHLP to build
Keeyask, Manitoba Hydro decided to seek early feedback on
HyPower 2015 | 23

successful partnerships

successful partnerships

When completed, Keeyask
will provide 695 MW ofcapacity and produce anaverage of 4,400 gigawatt
hours of electricity each year.

the facility design and specification during project scopingwith all potential bidders, says Laurent Bulota, Voith Hydro’s
proposal manager for Keeyask plant.
During the two-year proposal process, Manitoba Hydro
invited potential bidders to come up with different solutions to
optimize the powerhouse. “They gave each proponent a 3-D
model where you could use different parameters to change thedimensions of the units,” Bulota says.
The Voith Hydro team then set about defining the best
combination of features and dimensions. It examined different
designs via a range of metrics such as dollars per cubic meterof concrete poured or of rock excavated and ultimately thecost of the energy per unit produced, explains Bulota. “Youcan always go bigger and bigger to make it more efficient but
at a certain point the costs are too high. It’s a trade-off between
parameters. We worked for months to find the best overallsolution for the customer.”
It was the first time that a customer had offered the chancefor prospective main contractors to help define the parametersof the powerhouse in this way, rather than working out adesign with consultants prior to the tendering process, says
Dany Morin, the Keeyask project manager for Voith Hydro.
“It is a large and complex project with many phases, and it
meant they could guarantee the optimal design, sourcing anduse of concrete as well as the cost of the project, which led to
substantial financial savings.” As such it may even become atemplate for comparable projects elsewhere in the world, especially mid-sized ones, adds Morin. Approaching the project inthis way also set the tone for a highly collaborative approach
between all parties involved. “We think all the time about theoverall project execution, not just our part.”
coping with extreme weather
Keeyask is a showcase for Voith Hydro’s ability to deliver arange of best-in-class hydro solutions to suit different circumstances and requirements, such as the design decision to use thepropeller-style units. This poses significant challenges, though.
The project involves managing a global supply chain and withgenerator rotors of more than 13.5 meters in diameter, somevery large and heavy components to ship to the remote site inextreme weather, with temperatures falling as low as -40°C.
The logistics and scheduling of construction is anotherchallenge. The work requires Voith Hydro to build seven units
24 | HyPower 2015

with only two months between each one, says Morin. “Inside
the powerhouse we have limited space in the erection bay toprepare and assemble the components. We had to review ourschedule many times to make sure we had the right plan.”
These constraints are partly self-imposed, owing to the optimal design that Voith Hydro proposed, he adds. “Of course
the construction team wants the largest possible area to workin, but the downside of that is that the customer will have topour more concrete.”
It meant making a careful plan for how to optimize theconstruction process on and off site, with work on many units
proceeding at different stages. “We had to look at how many
rotors we could fit on the erection area at the same time and doa day-by-day analysis of how we use the minimal area while
maximizing the construction time,” Morin says.
The project is progressing well and to schedule so far, withthe first unit ready to turn in early 2019 and the last unit due tobe in commercial service in spring 2020. //the share ofcosts to equip ahydropower plant
Did you know that the share of expenses for the electro-mechanicalequipment of a complete new hydropower plant typically ranges between
just 10% and 20% of the total cost?
Higher and lower values can apply,
though: the actual share depends on
many factors like location, existing dam
or infrastructure, size and type of plantand equipment, among others. For a
newly built large hydropower plant in
Africa or a cavern plant in the Alps, forexample, a lot of new infrastructure isrequired, making the share of costs forelectro-mechanical equipment considerably lower than for a dam upgrade inEurope or the United States. //HyPower 2015 | 25

successful partnerships

successful partnerships

Small hydro,
big impact

1
2

Across Central and South America, governments,
public clients and private clients are realizing themany benefits of small hydropower plants.

W“It’s a completely
run-of-river projectwith no damming
required. It is waterthat would other­wise be wasted.”
Riccardo Volonterio,
Voith Hydro Latin America
26 | HyPower 2015

hen the energy comes, itchanges everything,” states
Riccardo Volonterio, SalesManager for Voith Hydro Latin America. “I have lived in some remote communities like this, and I have seen the
difference it makes. When there is affordable energy you can have air conditioning, computers and Internet access.
You can build a hospital where it was
impossible before, and you have light inthe schools. The local people are able tostart their own businesses. Without energy there is no development.”
Volonterio is discussing Colombia’s
Antioquia region, where the 44.4 MW
San Miguel small hydropower plant istaking shape. Voith’s role in the project
developed and constructed by HMV
Ingenieros Ltda. is to supply two Francis turbines, plus generators, protection
valves, speed governors, voltage regulators and automation system. During theconstruction phase the project has already brought work to people in this remote region. When it starts generating
power the facility will begin a muchwider transformation of the communities it serves via the Colombian grid.

The potential for small hydro schemesis great, and governments and clientsare waking up to this throughout Southand Central America, explains Luiz
Fontes, Small Hydro Manager for Voith
Hydro Latin America. “The hydropower market in South America as a whole
has significant potential indeed.” Thereis a conscious move away from fossil fuelenergy generation across the region andthe ideal conditions for hydro, from therainforests of the north to the Andean
glaciers, make small hydro an obvious
choice for its economic benefits, reliability, low costs and low environmental
impacts. “The energy matrix is changing in all these countries. Colombia is agood example: the government is promoting the shift to renewable energy
with feed-in tariffs, tax exemptions andfast-track licensing processes.”
Sign of things to comeTo date, the greatest interest in smallhydro in the region has come from outside Brazil. Given the country’s moremature market and greater interest in
solar and wind power, as well as fossil
fuel energy generation, small hydro1 	Santo António do Jariin Brazil representsa smart and efficient
source of clean energy.
2	Construction of the intake and sand trap structures for Colombia’s
San Miguel project.

plants have, until recently, not always
been the first choice.
However, things are changing. In
December 2014, after Voith had completed its commissioning work, theswitch was thrown on the Santo Antonio do Jari small hydropower plant in
the Jari river, another less-developed
region in need of clean energy. The
plant is downstream from a 450 MWhydropower plant, capitalizing on
the secondary flow to drive a 3.5 MW

Kaplan-S turbine and replacing a fossilfueled power station.
It is a sign of things to come. Building smaller plants like these near largerhydropower stations to take advantage
of unused flows is logistically simpler, as
much of the infrastructure is already inplace. They are also relatively inexpensive and can be completed rapidly. In
one case Voith Hydro helped a clientwith a project from inception to operation in only three years.

Favorable tax status, together with higher rates paid for the energy, further add
to their appeal. “And it has almost noenvironmental impact at all. It is a completely run-of-river project with nodamming required. Essentially, this iswater that would otherwise be wasted,”
explains Volonterio.
Policymakers and energy firms are
rediscovering the benefits of hydropower in general and of small hydro plants
in particular. “They are coming back tohydropower. It is the only truly cheap,
efficient, available and eco-friendly
source of energy available now.”
Voith Hydro is uniquely placed tobe the partner of choice in small hydro,
from the planning process right throughto retrofitting decades after initial construction. “Customers lack experiencein this area, and we can offer supportand help them develop feasibility studies, with optimal design of plant, alternatives for electro-mechanical elements
and also revenue,” Fontes comments.
“We can completely support them, fromgreenfield through to operation andmaintenance. Our intention is to offer acomplete solution, to be a complete
project provider and supporter.” //HyPower 2015 | 27

green energy mix

green energy mix

Clearer waters
Reservoirs and greenhouse gas emissions: fresh perspectives on an ongoing debate.

T

he influential journal Nature ran astartling headline in November
2006: “Methane quashes green
credentials of hydropower.” The accompanying report asserted, “Some of
the latest findings point to a disturbing
conclusion: that the global warming impact of hydropower plants can often
outweigh that of comparable fossil-fuelpower stations.”
Like many studies into greenhousegas (GHG) emissions from reservoirs
published since, this report focused on
findings from Balbina in Brazil, a vast,
now stagnant reservoir built in the
1980s which is linked to high GHG
emissions. But nearby Itaipu, on theborder between Brazil and Paraguay, isan enormous power producer also built
in the 1980s. Its emissions are not justlow, they are below every other form ofenergy production, including estimatedmedian emissions of wind power.
“There are a few reservoirs built in
the past which create conditions which

consume oxygen, resulting in carbon
being degraded into methane rather
than CO2. You wouldn’t dream of building in the same way today,” says Dr.
Jürgen Schuol, Head of Sustainability
at Voith Hydro. “But they are the exception, not the rule.”
Complex picture
In the eight years since the “green credentials” warning from Nature, much
more research has been undertaken inan effort to provide an accurate pictureof how much each type of energy production contributes to global warming.
In 2014, a UN-sponsored scientificbody, the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC), publishedlife-cycle GHG emissions for each energy source. Its findings indicate that
GHG emissions of fossil fuels exceed
those of renewable resources by a significant margin. Even natural gas, about
40% “cleaner” than coal, produces 20
times the emissions of hydropower.

Reservoirs and GHG – what’s the link?
When freshwater reservoirs are created, submerged vegetation decomposes, releasing the CO2 it had been storing through photosynthesis. It also traps other organic matter brought by the river, although GHGs from the decomposition of thismaterial would have been emitted elsewhere had the dam not been built. Influenceson GHG production include the shape of the reservoir, water depth, soil types, climate and reservoir age. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) accounts for 80% of all GHGs released into the atmosphere, but the presence of a reservoir does not significantly
change natural levels. With potentially 25 times greater effect on global warming over
100 years than CO2, methane (CH4 ) is the GHG of most concern with reservoirs:
under certain conditions some reservoirs may create anoxic conditions under whichmethane can be produced and released.

28 | HyPower 2015

The picture, however, is far more
complex than simple direct comparisonsof median emissions, points out Atle
Harby, Senior Research Scientist at
SINTEF Energy Research and Directorof Norway’s CEDREN research center.
He believes there has been both misunderstanding and bias on the question ofreservoir GHG emissions, particularly
in respect of methane. The critical issue,
he says, is the extent to which reservoirs
create net additional emissions. To quantify the net change of GHG exchange ina river basin caused by the creation of areservoir, it is necessary to consider
emissions before and after its construction. The difference between the before
and after emissions from the portion of
the river basin influenced by the reservoir indicates its net GHG emissions.
“Many factors affect the nature andlevels of emissions,” Harby states.
“Some reservoirs, mainly confined tothe tropics, do convert CO2 into methane. But extrapolating gross data fromthese and applying them to all hydropower is completely misleading.”
In fact, some reservoirs are carbon
sinks, where a combination of slower
water speeds and sediments can store
carbon forever. Even within a single
reservoir, different conditions may exist. The real challenge for scientists is
to develop sufficient understanding of
the interplay of these many variables inorder to produce accurate figures fornet emissions.
Another challenge is to determine
what proportion of GHG emissions
should be allocated to hydropower in a
multi-use reservoir, of which there aremany. China’s Three Gorges Dam on
the Yangtze River (see page 35), for example, reduces the frequency of major
downstream flooding from once every
10 years to once every 100 years, as wellas improving shipping navigation andaiding water supplies. So while it may be
the world’s largest hydropower facility,
a number of other economic and social
purposes should carry their share of the“Many factors affectthe nature and levelsof emissions.”
Atle Harby, SINTEF Energy Research

imputed GHG emissions in any meaningful life-cycle assessment.
Risk assessment
As a member of the Hydro Equipment
Association (HEA), Voith sponsors andsupports the work of the UNESCO/
International Hydropower Association
GHG Research Project, which developed its “Measurement Guidelines forFreshwater Reservoirs” in 2011 and the
GHG Risk Screening Tool in 2013. The
project has now progressed to the development of a screening tool with three
specific aims: a peer-reviewed approach
to more accurately define the effect of areservoir system and allow better communication of potential climate impact;
to facilitate quantitative estimation of
net GHG emissions so that early preventative action can be taken whereappropriate on sites vulnerable to highDespite its size, GHG emissions from the Itaipu reservoir
are below every other form of energy production.

emissions; and an approach that will
allocate net GHG emissions to thedifferent services that the reservoir
provides.
Like every discussion on global
warming, consensus among the scientific community on GHG emissions from
freshwater reservoirs proves elusive
and progress is slow. There are unresolved questions around quantification
methodology and the competing virtues of Global Warming Potential, themetric of choice for the Kyoto Protocol, against Global Temperature
Change Potential, considered by someto be more a more suitable metric fortarget-based climate policies.
Jürgen Schuol says that at thisstage, “we at Voith are not so muchinterested in very detailed models andalso not so much in global figures.
What we would like to see is a simple
but reliable model that helps us to­estimate the risk of comparably highor higher emissions on a project-byproject basis. No one has the perfectmodel yet, but we are fully aware of
the many issues that have to be taken
into account and we are certainly on
the right track.” //GREEN ENERGY MIX

onreflection

Nuo Zha Du, southwest China

Voith Hydro supplied three of the six
650 MW Francis turbines that werecommissioned in 2013. The turbines
have an operating head of 187 meters
and a runner diameter of 7.3 meters.

#HYDROPICTUREOFTHEWEEK

Scan the QR code below or visit
twitter.com/Voith_Hydro to keep up
with Voith Hydro news.
Be sure to check out our
feed every Friday when
we share our hydropower
picture of the week!
30 | HyPower 2015

HyPower 2015 | 31

green energy mix

green energy mix

For us, every customer has the samepriority,” says Leonardo Nuzzi.
“We strive for the highest quality
and fast delivery in every project.”Nuzzi is Director of Manufacturing andin charge of Operations Excellence(OPEX) at Voith Hydro in São Paulo.
OPEX is a Voith-wide initiative focusing on continuous improvement, particularly in manufacturing processes. The
idea: to establish processes as excellent
as Voith’s products and services, enhancing customer benefits still further. “Efficient processes save time, and time is of
the essence in our business and for ourcustomers,” Nuzzi explains. The sooner
a power plant goes online, the earlier it
can generate energy and cash flow for
the customer.
The first step in OPEX, the analysis
of every single part of each production
chain, is already complete. Now theaction points from the findings arebeing implemented: steps in the production process that are not yet efficientenough or are even unnecessary will be
optimized or removed and operational
procedures streamlined.
One of these optimizations is the“One Piece Flow Line.” Its first implementation was at Voith Hydro in São
Paulo, then in the workshops in York,USA, and St. Pölten, Austria. Further
locations will soon follow. The generator pole production line in São Pauloshows the potential that can be leveraged by the concept: to reduce waitingtimes in the seven-step production process and to be able to react to possible
problems at short notice, the components are produced in line, at adjacentwork stations, and not in parallel as
before. This ensures the staff remains
fully concentrated on one piece at atime, rather than switching from one
job to the other, contributing to higher
product quality for every customer.
Trouble-shooting has also been
improved. The machines are supervised
by a software program connected to all
32 | HyPower 2015supervisors and to Nuzzi’s computer.
“If a problem occurs or the line isstopped, we can see this on-line, and weinitiate further steps to solve the issue
immediately,” he says. “We stop the
production, fix the problem and continue without causing further delay to other steps in the process.”
These savings have already reducedpole manufacturing lead time by almost
50%. And as the pole is just one of the
key components for a generator, moresavings are possible when applying theone-piece flow concept to the others.

Savingtime,
securing
quality1
2

successful process optimization. Everyone involved, from factory workers to
manufacturing managers or directors, isasked to communicate and encouraged
to think about the complete processrather than just their own tasks. Shopfloor meetings are held every day before
a shift, where workers meet in small
groups with their supervisor to discuss
the daily time schedules, quality issues
or problems that may have occurred.
The focus is always to avoid repeating
issues and to assure that all fixtures havebeen properly addressed. For Nuzzi“We are already fast and efficient, but wewant to become even better. We are always
striving to achieve the ideal factory.”
Dr. Udo Wunsch, Vice President International Projects at Voith Hydro

Continuous process improvement
can bring considerable benefit tocustomers and the environment.
3

1	The One Piece Flow Line helps speed up
manufacturing processes and increase
product quality.
2	Leonardo Nuzzi (far right) in discussions
OPEX
has
already broughta Hydro in
with
OPEX
colleagues
at Voith
numberSão
Paulo.of improvements tothe andfoundryin São Paulo.
3	Opentransparent
communication,synchronized processes and clearly visible tasks are key components for the
success of OPEX.

“Our workshops already look good, weare already fast and efficient, but wewant to become even better. We arealways striving to achieve the ideal factory,” says Dr. Udo Wunsch, Vice President for International Projects at Voith
Hydro, about the driving force behind
the initiative. The ideal plant is based onfour principles: stable processes, flow,
timing, and customer focus.
Time is an important element in the
One Piece Flow Line, as each step isclocked and given a certain time preset,
as Wunsch explains: “We have split theentire process into individual steps andmade them identical in length to help
reduce over- or under-production. The
next step cannot start without the preceding one being completed.” Employees have also learned to be highly flexible and rotate from one workstation tothe other. When one job is finished,
they can support their colleagues incompleting the next.
A change in mindset and regular,
open communication are decisive inthese meetings play a crucial role: “Wewant to know about every irregularity to
fix it immediately.”
The meetings have already proved
successful. As an example, one employee
responsible for tape-wrapping generator
components detected an error. She
couldn’t figure out the problem, but
notified her supervisor, who detected
the failure: the tape was contaminated.
“This sense of responsibility for thewhole process helped avert a major­issue,” says Dr. Wunsch, pointing outthat a steady flow of communication, ahigh level of transparency, and discussions based on facts and figures are essential for the OPEX idea of continuous
improvement.
Data-driven accuracy
Close to the generator pole production
site in São Paulo is the foundry. As one
of Voith Hydro’s key workshops it is anatural location for the OPEX initiative.
The “Shop Floor Management” principle has been introduced here as well,
HyPower 2015 | 33

green energy mix

global expertise

Optimizing
operations

and an elaborate statistical process control measures more than 80 sets of performance data, from temperature to sandgrain size. “Foundry sand, for example,
must have a certain size and consistency
to manufacture products with the rightquality,” explains Nuzzi. Tracking andvisualization are key components in
OPEX: more accurate data gives
employees greater insight into each element of a production process, allowing
them to set benchmarks and meet stringent goals. In the foundry, this has led to
improvements throughout the castingprocess and better cast parts.
At the same time, process quality isalso reflected in the strong sustainabilityof the foundry. The foundry sand, forexample, is used more than once – recycled and reprocessed to reduce waste
but maintain quality. A closed-circuit
system for water supply helps reduce
freshwater consumption, while improved insulation and coordinated energy consumption between different production areas have cut down onelectricity usage.
Nuzzi and his team are proud of thechanges that have been implemented inSão Paulo and the positive effects they
have already had on the products they
make. “These are our own products;
Voith products,” he says smiling. For
OPEX, this is just the beginning,
though, and the initiative is being adapted and rolled out across Voith Hydro
locations worldwide; improvement is acontinuous process. //A global overview
of OPEX from Voith Hydro
Chief Operating Officer
Uwe Wehnhardt
What are the main objectives of the OPEX initiative?
It’s a program for continuous improvement that focuses mainly on manufacturing. The aim is to establish production processes that are as excellent as our products and services.
This is based on a mindset change of all our employees inmanufacturing, towards a culture of continuous improvement:by identifying and realizing potential for savings and improvements, by standardizing the way we operate. Every employee
is integrated in the initiative and asked to contribute ideas.
How will customers benefit?
OPEX focuses on our internal processes in manufacturing,
but by continuously improving these processes we can alsoenhance our service levels. An example: by processing parts
faster through the workshop we improve our overall delivery
schedules, which can lead to a faster startup of a hydropower
plant – a real benefit for customers.
Can you provide examples of changes that have been
initiated by the OPEX program?
Overall Equipment Efficiency (OEE) is a good example:
improving OEE means fewer unplanned shutdowns and fasterparts machining. We have successfully improved our OEE
across all large machines in our workshops around the world
by 50% during the last business year. And the “One Piece
Flow Line” [see main article], which streamlines manufacturing
processes, has improved lead time by more than 40%.

OPEX hasalready brought
a number of
improvements
to the foundryin São Paulo,
Brazil.
34 | HyPower 2015

What is the current status with OPEX and what
are the next steps?
OPEX is in its second year. All the basics are in place, such as
trained OPEX experts, clear targets and KPIs, and a masterplan at every site on how to achieve them. The continuous
improvement cycle in manufacturing is well and truly underway. This year, we will carry out further assessments, allowing
us comprehensive benchmarking of the different locations tostimulate further improvements by learning from each other. //Unrivaled
Twenty years after construction began, theThree Gorges Dam keeps setting record after record.

T

he Three Gorges Dam recently
celebrated 20 years since construction work started on theworld’s largest hydropower plant. During that time, it has broken numerous
records, and to celebrate its 20th anniversary, the Three Gorges Corporation
recently announced another milestone
as it generated 98.8 terawatt hours ofelectricity in 2014, the most ever produced by a single hydropower plant in
one year. Due to the project’s size there
were numerous suppliers involved.
Voith, in a consortium with GE and­Siemens, has won the bid and supplied
six water turbine-generating units andauxiliary parts, each with an installedc­ apacity of 700 MW, and provided onsite technical service as well. Voith
Hydro locations in Germany, China andBrazil were involved: for leading the
project and model tests, manufacturingof the Francis runners and generator
components, as well as excitation andauxiliary systems.
Looking back, Dr. Thomas Aschenbrenner, today Head of Turbine Layout
at Voith Hydro’s Brunnenmühle center,says the Three Gorges Dam was a hugetechnological and logistical challenge forthe company that brought valuable lessons for subsequent projects. “It set new
standards in efficiency and reliability andcertainly drove forward our hydraulics

expertise in Francis turbine design,” hesays. “And it was the first in a series ofChinese mega-projects for us; we’re really benefiting now from the knowledge
and experience gained from Three
Gorges in terms of execution and customer interaction.”
Greater flood protection
While the dam’s output performancecannot be questioned, it has generated
mixed publicity during its 20-year life
span. The creation of a reservoir 660 kilometers long has, for example, affected
sediment levels and downstream fish
populations, but a lot has been done to
optimize the dispatching system, andwith regard to monitoring, research andappliance of ecological issues. Also, local
inhabitants and 14 million other Chinese along the banks of the Yangtze River now enjoy protection from floods
that have killed thousands and mademillions homeless down the years. And
in the dry season, several droughts havealready been averted thanks to the control over the water levels brought by the
HyPower 2015 | 35

global expertise

global expertise

Reflections from the China Three Gorges
Corporation on the success of the project1
1	The dam has improved irrigationand helped protect
farmland fromflooding.
2	Once shallow andfast-flowing, theYangtze is now
easier to navigate,vital for the transport of people andgoods.
3	The world’s largest
lock system allows
boats to travel
past the dam.

dam. Previously shallow and fast-flowing, the Yangtze is now – thanks to thedam – deeper, slower and easier to navigate for the thousands of ships that use
it every day. As the most cost-effectivemeans of long-distance travel for passengers and freight in the inland region,
this has been a major benefit for local
economies. “I see a lot of new buildings
every time I come back to the dam site,”comments Aschenbrenner. Facilitating
travel past the dam is the world’s largest
lock system, which will be enhanced by
the completion of a special ship lift later
this year capable of hauling 3,000-ton
vessels over the dam, speeding up traffic
and marking yet another remarkable development in the project’s history. //36 | HyPower 20153

2

Did you know…?

2%
1.8 million
660 km
22,500 MW

The Three Gorges Dam generates
approximately 2% of China’s electricity

tourists visit the site on average per year.
On public holidays, up to 200,000 a day

Its reservoir is 660 km long, the same distance as
Los Angeles to San Francisco or Berlin to Amsterdam

The hydropower plant’s 22,500 MW
capacity is the equivalentof 10 modern nuclear plants

Twenty years after construction began, how significant
has Three Gorges been in securing a clean energy supply
in China?
Three Gorges is the world’s largest power plant in terms of
installed capacity: In 2014 the plant generated 98.8 billion
kWh – a world record in annual energy output for a single
power station. From 2003, when the first generating unit was
put into operation, to the end of 2013, the plant produced
711.97 billion kWh of power. This has saved a raw coal consumption of 400 million tons, reducing CO2 emissions by 800
million tons and sulphur dioxide emissions by more than
8 million tons – a great contribution to China’s environment.
Besides hydropower generation, what have the othermain benefits been for the region?
The project is a backbone for the development and control of
the Yangtze River basin and is based on the most comprehensive functional tasks in hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering in the world. Through scientific dispatching, it canbring huge benefits not only in power generation, but also inflood control, navigability, water resource allocation, energy
savings and emission reduction, as well as environmental protection. The project has also promoted the interconnection of
the national power grid and effectively eases the strained situation of power supply in Central and East China, the Guangdong Province and other areas.
Flood control is an important and life-saving aspect of theThree Gorges Dam. What has improved?
Flood control is the primary task of the project. Historical records show a severe flood every 10 years on average. The
large floods in 1931 and 1954 each damaged thousands ofsquare kilometers of farmland, with tens of thousands of people losing their lives. Now, the situation has fundamentallychanged: the flood control standard has increased from “oncea decade” to “once a century.” The dam can effectively protect 15 million people along the middle and lower reaches aswell as prevent huge areas of farmland from flooding.

The dam has improved navigability on the Yangtze River.
What have the benefits been?
Tens of thousands of tons of cargo can now reach Chongqing
directly from Shanghai: transport costs have been cut by athird. In 2014, the throughput of the ship locks was nearly 120
million tons, a record for the dam. Employment has also benefited: up to 150,000 people work directly in waterborne
transportation in Chongqing, 80,000 of them from the reservoir area.
How has the Three Gorges Dam contributed to the development of China’s economy?
The major benefits already mentioned, such as flood control,
power generation and navigation, have contributed strongly toeconomic development. Infrastructure in the reservoir area has
been constantly improved, urbanization has increased, and theincome and living standards of residents have been significantly enhanced. Between 1996 and 2013, the per capita net income of urban residents in the reservoir area increased by
12.7% per annum on average, and that of rural residents by
18.8%. The employment structure has gradually evolved into atertiary-industry-dominated type, and the economic structure
has gone from agricultural to diversified industries.
What role does hydropower play in the energy matrix ofChina – both currently and in the future?
The current energy supply in China is dominated by coal, anddevelopment is restricted by resource shortage and environmental pollution. Adjusting the energy structure and reducing theshare of coal in primary consumption is very important. Hydropower resources in China are vast. If the estimated technicallyavailable hydropower potential of 2.47 trillion kWh in China isfully developed, approximately one billion tons of raw coal can be
replaced each year. The installed capacity and power productionof hydropower plants in China will continue to grow rapidly, andChina has already committed itself to increasing the share of
non-fossil primary energy to 15% by 2020. To realize this, thefocus will be on the further development of hydropower. //HyPower 2015 | 37

global expertise

2
3

4

1

IN THE LAND R
OF GODS
Local inhabitants describe the many
benefits the Karcham Wangtoo
hydropower plant has brought
to rural northern India.

38 | HyPower 2015

esting on the lap of the Zanskar, Greater Himalayas andDhauladhar mountain ranges, Kinnaur district in thenorthern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh is often referred to as the “Land of Gods.” In ancient mythology the local people were known as Kinners, considered halfway between men and gods. Many ancient temples and monasteries
are dotted throughout the area, which has remained fairly remote, rural and lacking in infrastructure. Roads, bridges,
schools and medical care remain less developed compared withmany parts of the country. It is a far cry from the vibrant economic hotspots of Delhi, Bengaluru or Mumbai.
But things are changing. The Karcham Wangtoo hydroelectric project, commissioned in 2011, not only brings astable, renewable power supply to northern India, it is also
improving the local infrastructure. The 190-kilometer mainroad connection from Shimla, the capital of Himachal Pradesh
state, to the site has been widened, while five new bridges havebeen constructed and others renovated and strengthened toenable transportation of heavy equipment for the project.

A further 25 kilometers of roads were constructed by Jaypee,
the project developer.
The company also undertook massive afforestation works,
with tens of thousands of trees planted in the area, and drinking water and irrigation facilities were subject to improvement.
All these measures have brought significant and, above all,sustainable development to the region.
Affordable improvements
Karcham Wangtoo has also brought social and educational
improvements to the Kinnaur district. To improve the social
conditions in the vicinity of the project, a 40-bed hospital anda school have been built. The hospital is manned by very competent doctors and more than 60 support staff and provides inpatient treatment, while many others receive outpatient treatment daily in the various clinics associated with the hospital.
The local people are grateful for such developments.
Sushil Negi, from nearby Ramni village, recently received
treatment for a fractured leg after an accident: “The hospital1	Temples dot the mountainous landscape of
the Kinnaur district.
2	The 1,000 MW Karcham Wangtoo dam
houses four Francis turbine-generators.
3	Jeev Chand’s five-year-old granddaughter
studies at the Jay Jyoti school.
4 A hospital provides valuable employment
and medical care for the region.

offers fast, affordable treatment in a very hygienic environment.
I was provided immediate attention as soon as I arrived.” Dr.
Suman Dhar, lead doctor at the hospital, says, “ I am very happy
to work there, as it provides great working conditions and an
opportunity to work for the benefit of the rural people.”At the nearby Jay Jyoti school, run by the project, quality
education is provided to the poor and underprivileged fromthe 40-plus villages of the Kinnaur district. It teaches students
up to the higher secondary standard and currently serves about
400 students and employs 23 full-time teachers. Jeev Chand,
whose five-year-old granddaughter studies at the school, says it
provides “very good academic facilities at very affordable cost,”
HyPower 2015 | 39

global expertise

World of Voith
The latest news from across the divisions of the Voith group.
The Jaypee Industrial
Training Institute was
set up to improve theskills and job opportunities in Kinnaur.

Quick turnaround
Voith Industrial services is continuing to extend its competencies on the turn­around market. With the Energy-Petro-Chemicals division, Voith is active on an international scale for turnarounds in order to shut down refineries and chemical plants and to
repair them within the shortest possible time. At the end of 2014, Voith was able to win
projects at a refinery in Finland as well as for the St1 refinery in Gothenburg, Sweden.
Meanwhile, in Angola, Voith recently completed its first ever offshore turnaround. The
oil-carrying ship FPSO Greater Plutonio, owned by the British energy company BP, wasordered into harbor for maintenance and repairs. The Voith specialists completed theirfirst project in Africa four days before the defined deadline. //and is a real boon for people from his village as well as several
others in the vicinity. Sheela Devi, from the adjoining village
of Sarahan, concurs wholeheartedly.
Training for the future
In order to improve the skills and employability of the local
people in the region, the Jaypee Industrial Training Institutehas been set up at the village of Urni. “This is the only institute that offers training and skill development in this area, andI aspire to get a good job once I complete the training nextyear,” says Chandrashekhar, a student who is training to be anelectrician and comes from Kakasthal, 20 kilometers away.
As of December 2014, the plant has already generated
more than 15,135 million units of power and has provided
1,812 million units of power free to Himachal Pradesh. It­
has generated a revenue of around 6,000 million rupees($97 million) for the state with promises to continue to bringmany more benefits in the future. //“This is the only institute thatoffers training and skill
development in this area,
and I aspire to get a good job
once I complete the training.”
Chandrashekhar, trainee electrician, Kakasthal village
40 | HyPower 2015

Provenperformer
Voith Turbo recently manu-

Karcham Wangtoo Hydroelectric Project
Located between the villages of Karcham and Wangtoo, the dam
and power station are run-of-river, with only diurnal storage available behind the river diversion structure to harness the power of theSatluj River. The project was developed by Jaypee Karcham Hydro
Corporation Limited, part of the Jaypee Group.
The electro-mechanical work was awarded to a consortium led byVoith. Voith’s scope included four 277.8 MVA synchronous generators, bus ducts, SCADA and cooling water systems and some electrical balance-of-plant equipment. The electro-mechanical scope
was delivered in a record time of 42 months. The first unit of the
project went on stream in May 2011, closely followed by the subsequent units, with the fourth commissioned in September 2011, 65
days ahead of schedule. This success was the result of strong project management and excellent collaboration between the companies involved and close interaction with the civil construction firm.
A total of 4,805,288 cubic meters of underground excavation works
had to be executed, including the construction of 45 kilometers oftunnels and more than 800,000 cubic meters of concrete. At thepeak of the works, nearly 15,000 workmen worked on site, at times
braving daunting weather conditions in the mountainous setting.

in control
Voith Paper has supplied a new shop

floor air conditioning system to the German cheese maker Bayernland. In themilk processing sector, hygiene standards and air purity requirements arehighly stringent, making standards forventilation and refrigeration technology
equally high. The new Voith system ensures a controlled and hygienic indoor climate. Plant manager Erich Schaller ishappy with its performance so far: “Thesystem concept and the quality delivered

have proven themselves in practice andare making an important contribution to
the quality assurance of our products.” //factured its 1,000th fluid coupling type TPKL, one of fourthat will go to the DaTong Coal
Mining Group in China. The
couplings will be used in a
6.4 MW belt conveyor drivewith demanding requirements.
More than three kilometers
long, the underground belt
conveyor is driven by four
1,600 kW motors, with aplanned capacity of 4,000 tons
an hour. Coal will be transported uphill at a 14-degree angle.
The DaTong Group is one ofChina’s biggest mining enterprises and operates a large
number of coal mines acrossthe country. Many of them already use Voith fluid couplingsin diverse underground applications like belt conveyors,
stage loaders and crushers. //HyPower 2015 | 41

from the Archives

from the Archives

Milestones in pasthydropower
developments

ered the first Francis turbine from Voith. Development soon
flourished: in 1879, Voith made its first turbine governor.

the country’s first plant in the country, Shi Long Ba.

1880

With hydropower established as a means of generating electricity, Voith was at the forefront of using it to save energy. In
1908, the first pumped-storage plant in Germany was installedat its Brunnenmühle testing facility in Heidenheim.

Driven by an innovative spirit, intensive testing and a little
chance, Lester A. Pelton invented the Pelton turbine, which
remains one of the common turbine types today and is often
used for high heads.

1901-1910
With industry booming, energy was in demand and in 1901
Voith sold Francis turbine no. 1,000. It was also a global
business and in 1903 Voith won the contract to install theworld’s largest turbines at the time in one of the first big hydropower plants: Niagara Falls. China was also already an
export market and in 1910 Voith supplied the turbines for

Voith has played a leading role in the early
development of hydropower technology.

1908

1912-1922
Another of today’s common turbine types was invented andregistered for patent in 1912. Austrian Viktor Kaplan experimented with existing Francis turbines and developed his own,
which was particularly appropriate for low head applications.
Voith realized how important his invention was, and together
Kaplan and Voith enhanced the design, improving efficiency.
The first Kaplan turbine was eventually delivered in 1922. //18th century
The history of modern hydropower starts around the mid18th century. The power of water had been used for thousandsof years, before Johann Andreas Segner, a doctor and physicist,
invented a more efficient upright water wheel based on one of
Newton’s laws of motion. It was one of the forerunners of themodern water turbine.

1870

1873

1879

1880

1901

The first water turbine from Voith: a 100horsepower Henschel-Jonval turbine

Photo and diagram of the firstFrancis turbine from Voith

The first Voith turbine governor

Presenting the Pelton turbine

Francis turbine no. 1,000 by Voith

1832/1835
The development of hydro turbines made significant progress
during the 19th century, culminating in the invention of a turbine by Frenchman Benoit Fourneyron. This was patented in
1832 and installed in the first commercially operated hydropower plant in Germany’s Black Forest in 1835. It was fivetimes more efficient than conventional turbines, but engineers
and scientists wanted more.

1849
The great breakthrough: James Bicheno Francis had been testing several types of turbines for years and in 1849 he finallypresented a model he was convinced of. The first Francis turbine came with innovations like a spiral and adjustable blades
and was the starting point of a turbine type that is still installedin many hydropower plants around the world.

1866

1910

1922

1908
1903

Werner von Siemens invents the generator, allowing the power of water to be transformed to electrical power.

1870-1879
Voith entered the world of hydropower in 1870: the demandfor energy was high and the company’s existing paper machine
business already had similarities with hydropower. Voith introduced its first water turbine in 1870, and just three years laterthe company seized the invention of James Francis and deliv42 | HyPower 2015t
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Voith wins
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HyPower 2015 | 43

guest perspective

The water
warrior1

1 American artist Marilyn Minter’s design
is framed by the Manhattan skyline.
2 A close-up of British photographer
Tessa Traeger’s canvas.

Social activist Mary Jordan uses art tobring attention to the global water crisis.

I
Mary Jordan is an artist, filmmaker and activist with a passion for human rights. She is
the founder of Word Above
the Street and Creative Directorof The Water Tank Project.

’ve always been a rebel,” says the effervescent filmmaker, performance artist and social activist Mary Jordan, whose projects to stir the public conscience have taken her off thebeaten track. The Canadian, who studied both art and social
anthropology, made her first film at aged 18 on female circumcision in North Africa. She has produced human rights documentaries in Burma, Africa, Indonesia and India. In 2005, she
was named one of the 25 new faces of independent film-making by the magazine Filmmaker.
Jordan’s latest venture, The Water Tank Project, in her
current home of New York City, is bringing attention to theglobal water crisis. She has enlisted more than 50 contemporary artists to wrap water-themed works of art around the city’swater towers. It is the largest public art project to cover New
York real estate since Christo and Jeanne-Claude created theirorange ‘gates’ in Central Park in 2005.
“New York is a highly visual society so art is a powerful
medium for social messages,” says Jordan. Participants include
conceptual artist John Baldessari, neo-pop artists Jeff Koons
and Ed Ruscha, and the Iranian stencil artists Icy and Sot.
Expressing gratitude
The project originated after Jordan became ill with a waterborne disease while shooting a documentary on the Hammer
people in Ethiopia in 2007. She was taken in a wheelbarrow toa nearby village for medical treatment. Afterwards – she no

44 | HyPower 20152

“I suddenly realized that the
New York water tank was an
icon – a little temple in the sky
carrying water for our eyes.”
Mary Jordan, social activist

longer remembers how long – she lay in a mud hut, being
looked after by Hammer women. When she tried to thankthem by offering money and gifts, they refused, saying sheshould rather tell the world about their water problems.
Ethiopia suffers from drought and limited access to cleanwater, but Jordan began to realize just how much water was
related to other global crises: overfishing, melting glaciers andrising sea levels. At first she thought of making a film. But one
day, her eye fell on one of the 15,000 wooden, barrel-shaped
water tanks perched atop New York’s buildings. “I suddenly
realized that it was an icon – a little temple in the sky carrying
water for our eyes. It would look beautiful wrapped in artwork,” she says.
In 2010, after 18 months of groundwork, Jordan founded
the non-profit organization Word Above the Street to launch
The Water Tank Project. Then she plugged into her well-connected network. “The artists loved the idea,” she says. “Whodoesn’t want to do a water tank?” Funds came from the Booth
Ferris Foundation, the Ford Foundation, the Rockefeller New
York City Cultural Innovation Fund and the Agnes Gund AG
Foundation, with Swatch, Deutsche Bank and Hearst becoming sponsors. A big part of the job was “tanking” – identifying
the best water tanks.
Another challenge was getting people to look up at theartworks. Jordan developed an app with a map of the artworks.
An advertising agency designed billboards and also drew chalkwater tanks on the sidewalk to mark locations.
The project began in August 2014 and tanks are still being
wrapped. “If we had it our way, they would not stop until wehave solved the water crisis,” Jordan states. She also plans totake the project to other parts of the world, such as Indonesia
and the Middle East.
There have been low points in her campaign. “No one
should have to beg to do things to better the world,” she says.
“But every 22 seconds a kid dies of a water-borne disease. So I
can’t let these insignificant things affect my focus.”
In the meantime, she and her partner, Jon Rose, who runs
Waves for Water, are raising funds to help connect the Hammer to a waterline. “We are secret warriors doing everything
possible to protect the greatest life force we know of: water.” //For more information on The Water Tank Project, including a map of
the artworks’ locations, visit: thewatertankproject.org
HyPower 2015 | 45

46 | HyPower 2015

Bob Gallo took up the position of CEO Voith Hydro in York at the start of2015. He began his career in the Voith Group more than 15 years ago and has
held various senior positions in the Voith Paper division. Gallo holds a bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering and has experience of many functional
areas, including manufacturing, engineering, R&D, field service and sales.

Installed pumped storage capacity* w/o pumped storage

2 GW

435 GW
26 GW (6%)

Thereof installed hydropower capacity*

Total technically feasible hydropower potential*

1 GW

904 GW
162 GW (18%)

21 GW

388 GW
155 GW (40%)

North America

67 GW

South America

4,355 GW
1,011 GW (23%)

144 GW

Africa3

What are your main goals as the
new CEO of Voith Hydro in York, USA?
I’m fortunate to join a business staffed with excellent
people and in very good shape, even during the challenging
market situations we face today. My goal is to further enhance
our after-market services and modernization business in order
to offer the best solutions to our customers – for all components, all brands and across the country. And, by further developing our portfolio and processes, we want to offer ourcustomers even more beneficial products and services.

53 GW

5

Can you share some insights oncurrent challenges and developmentsin the hydropower sector in the US?
Our customers often face a long and difficult permitting process for hydropower investments and installations. In addition, the US government has provided large subsidies to thewind and solar power industries and gives these forms of
power generation the highest priority to operate. Hydropower,
on the other hand, because it has the unique ability to flexibly
stabilize the grid, bears much of the burden in balancing thegrid load. //1,754 GW
420 GW (24%)

2What are your earliest memories of hydropower?
I remember being about 10 years old on a family trip tosee Niagara Falls, both the US and Canadian sides. It
was the first time I visited another country and the first time I
learned about hydropower. Niagara Falls was a beautiful andfascinating sight. Remarkably enough from today’s perspective, the original supplier of the turbines in the early 20th century was: Voith.

873 GW
247 GW (28%)

4Is there something special about working at Voith?
I started at Voith Paper in 1999 via an acquisition and I
immediately discovered Voith to be a very special place
to work. If you perform at a high level you will soon find new
and challenging opportunities in different function areas, business lines or countries. Now, I am very excited about my newcareer opportunity within the hydropower division.

Asia Pacific1What is your fascination with hydropower?
There are so many fascinating aspects: Many hydropower sites are impressive feats of engineering utilizing anabundant natural resource. The operation of the plant leavesa very low carbon footprint. Also, hydropower is very flexible,
with the unique ability to quickly start and stop power generation, which offsets the intermittency of solar and wind power.

Europe (incl. CIS)

Bob Gallo,
new CEO of Voith Hydro in York, USA

Total World

five
questionsfor …

hydropower potential

five questions