“Grilled Millionaires”

Franklin
DelanoRoosevelt:“Grilled Millionaires” delivered 5
December, 1938
Governor Hoey, President Graham, my hosts of the Carolina. Political Union, my new found同窓会

alumni of the University of North Carolina:
From the bottom of my heart I am grateful to all of you today, and very happy to be a part ofthis great University.
最高裁

A very old friend of mine, the late Justice Cardozo of the Supreme Court of the UnitedStates wrote a few years ago:
法体系

既存のWe live in a world of change. If a bodyof law were in existenceadequate for thecivilization of today, it could not meet the demands of tomorrow. Society is inconstant. So
long as it is inconstant . . . there can be no constancy in law. . . .Law defines a relation notalways between fixed points, but often between points of varying position. . . .There is望むchange whether we will it or not.
It is recognition of this philosophy that has made the University of North Carolina
典型

representative of liberal teaching and liberal thought. And it is my recognition of yourrecognition of that philosophy that brings me so willingly to Chapel Hill today.
全く違うIt is a far cry from the days of my first visit to the University, nearly a quarter of a century
ago, and the splendid new buildings that I saw in the last five minutes of my drive prove it. I
came here then because my old Chief—that consistent North Carolina liberal, Josephus
Daniels—told me that I should see for myself a great institution of learning that wasthinking and acting in terms of today and tomorrow and not merely in the tradition ofyesterday.
In those days, 1913 and 1914, the leadership of the Nation was in the hands of a great
社会組織の根幹

President who was seeking to recover for our social system ground that had been lost
保守的な前任者

under his conservative predecessor, and to restore something of the fighting liberal spirit
which the Nation had gained under Theodore Roosevelt. It seemed one of our greatI“Grilled Millionaires”
national tragedies that just when Woodrow Wilson was beginning to accomplish definite
improvements in the living standards of America, the World War not only interrupted his後退course, but laid the foundation for twelve years of retrogression . I say this advisedly
狂乱の二十年代

because it is not progress, but the reverse, when a nation goes through the madness of the
架空の利益

twenties, piling up paper

投機

profits , hatching all manner of speculations

and coming

inevitably to the day when the bubble bursts.
It is only the unthinking liberals in this world who see nothing but tragedy in the slowing up
or temporary stopping of liberal progress.
溜飲を下げるIt is only the unthinking conservatives who rejoice down in their hearts when a social orできない

economic reform fails to be 100 per cent successful.
物見高い

誇張する

It is only the possessors of " headline " mentality that exaggerate

or distort the true

学長

objectives of those in this Nation whether they be the president of the University of North
Carolina or the President of the United States, who, with Mr. Justice Cardozo, admit the道筋

fact of change and seek to guide change into the right channels to the greater glory of God
and the greater good of mankind.
学部生

You undergraduates who see me for the first time have read your newspapers and heard
ラジオで人食い鬼仲間on the air that I am, at the very least, an ogre—a consorter with Communists, a destroyerof the rich, a breaker of our ancient traditions. Some of you think of me perhaps as the節約家

不正なinventor of the economic royalist, of the wicked utilities, of the money changers of the殿堂

Temple. You have heard for six years that I was about to plunge the Nation intowar; that you and your little brothers would be sent to the bloody fields of破産

battle in Europe; that I was driving the Nation into bankruptcy ; and that I
グリルした

breakfasted every morning on a dish of "grilled millionaire."—a practitioner of peace,
Actually I am an exceedingly mild mannered personperson—
both domestic and foreign, a believer in the capitalistic system, and for my好物

breakfast a devoteeof scrambled eggs. You have read that as a result of the投票

balloting last November, the liberal forces in the United States are on their way to the墓場

cemetery—yet I ask you to remember that liberal forces in the United States have often beenすぐさま

killed and buried, with the inevitable result that in short order they have come to life again
with more strength than they had before.

II“Grilled Millionaires”
政財界

It is also true that other men in public life have protested in the past against certain forms
経済統制

悪口of economic control and that epithets far stronger than any I have ever used have been
employed even by Presidents of the United States. Those of us who knew Woodrow Wilson
意気地なし

and Theodore Roosevelt and Grover Cleveland could hardly call any of them mollycoddles.
I was reading a letter of Theodore Roosevelt the other day, written to a friend in the springof 1908, and it will, I think, interest and amuse you if I quote from it. He was writing to a適正

man who was fighting for social and political decency on the Pacific Coast. Here is what hesaid:
残虐なNow and then you must feel downhearted when you see men guilty of the most atrocious
crimes who, from some cause or other, succeed in escaping punishment, and especiallywhen you see... men of wealth, of high business, and in a sense of high social standing,banded together against you. My dear sir, I want you to feel that your experience is simply
中傷

the experience of all of us who are engaged in this fight. There is no form of slander andwicked falsehood in which the New York papers, not only those representing the lowest type
民衆煽動

著しくof demagogy , but those representing the interests that call themselves preeminently
教養のある夢中になる

conservative, preeminently cultured , have not indulged in as regards myself. From all I
商社

can gather the feeling against me, not only in Wall Street, not only in the business houses
資本家of the greatest financiers of New York, but also in most of the uptown clubs … it is just inthese places that the feeling against me has been most bitter. As a matter of fact, I do not全く気にし な いcare a snap of my fingers about it. I do not care whether they think well of me or think ill
尻込みするof me. But I do care a very great deal to do this work without flinching , on the one hand,
多 少and on the other hand without becoming angered and irritated to a degree that will in any
なり とも忘れてしまう

way cause me to lose my head.
優しいNow, so it is with you and your associates. You must keep reasonably good -natured; but
果敢にabove all things you must not lose heart; and you must battle on valiantly, no matter what群衆

the biggest business men may say, no matter what the mob may say, no matter what may
分子be said by that element which chooses to regard itself as socially the highest element. You
ありのままの適正

普通のare in a fight for plain decency, for the plain democracy of the plain people who believe
落胆する

in honesty and in fair dealing between man and man. Do not get disheartened; and keep up
the fight.
母方

Theodore Roosevelt, born of an old New York family, Southern on his mother's side,
trained as a young man on our Western frontiers, was perhaps the first American PresidentIII“Grilled Millionaires”
in modern times who knew the whole Nation. In the letter which I have read, and with this
実際にnational background, it seems to me what he said in effect was, first, that the Americanpeople have, and must have, a definite objective for the improvement of government, for
the improvement of social and economic conditions; second, that these objectives must becarried out by definite action, and, third, that in the attaining of them, the President and theGovernment and the people as a whole must have two essential qualities-first, a sense of
調和

展望

proportion and perspective, and, second, good will and a sense of humor.
Almost every crisis in the history of our Nation has become a crisis because of a lack on thepart of leaders or on the part of the people themselves, a lack of some of these essentials.
The very birth of the Democratic Party, at a time when President Washington publicly
expressed the hope that the Nation could be run without Parties, was due to the simple factthat the Government itself was dominated by the great commercial and shipping interests
沿岸地域of the seaboard, and failed to give recognition to the needs and the desires of the masses of
承認する

the inhabitants of the original Thirteen States who did not subscribe to their theory that
家系

資格

birth , wealth or political position could give to the possessors of these qualifications thesole right to govern. Hence the Democratic Party.
A generation later a Government dominated by the other extreme-the plainer people from
田舎ピード

モント 米中東部の高原地帯

アレゲーニー山脈

the back country , from the P i e d m o n t and the slopes of the Alleghenies , the Upper
ハドソン河上流

Hudson, and the backwoods of New England—paying scant attention to the ship owners of
the seaboard, drove our Nation into the second war against Great Britain. And here in theSouth it is worth remembering that the first suggestion of secession from the Union was代表

ハートフォード会議

proposed by delegates from the New England States in the Hartford Convention of 1814.
In both cases tolerance and the national point of view were absent. Another generation
went by and it was the same lack of tolerance, the same lack of a national point of viewwhich brought about a war which was not inevitable—the War Between the States.
The scene changed and the Nation was confronted not by a sectional difference but by astruggle for economic and social control—a period which saw the control of our National
Government by groups of individuals, who, owning their Government, through owning vast口実

financial power, used the plea of development of our national resources that they mightfeather their own nests.
In the lifetime of people who are still with us, there were men who we must admit hadIV“Grilled Millionaires”
courage and vision, who pushed railroads across the plains, opened mines, dammed rivers,
集積

後に～を残すcreated vast aggregations of capital; and left in their wake vast aggregations of nationaland state and local political power.
In a sense those were glorious days because the wide-open spaces were open to those Native
こちら側にAmericans and those who were flocking hither from the centers of Europe to find work in
new fields.
A current author has recently emphasized the perfection of life that surrounded our抑圧

population half a century ago. He draws a picture of the complete lack of any restraints on
察する

any individual and infers that every American of those days, no matter in what part of thecountry he or she lived, lived in a Utopia of work and play to which we should seek an
報酬

immediate return.
I do not believe it.
A few days ago in Georgia I talked with an old friend whom I have known for ten years. He
回顧する

was what might be called an old-fashioned Southern conservative. We got to " reminiscing"
about the old days when I first lived in Georgia. He reminded me of the days when cotton
行動の結果

was selling at five cents a pound, and, while he admitted that the ramifications of ourFederal legislation, and especially of Court decisions during the past six years were主張する

somewhat beyond him, nevertheless heallowedthat some principle of crop

control—cotton and tobacco, for example decided on by a majority of the farmers
themselves, was the most democratic way to prevent the return of five-cent cotton in a fewyears.
He reminded me of two little banks in Warm Springs, Georgia-banks in which many
thousand of dollars of local savings had been deposited—of the failure of both of thesebanks and the loss of the savings—and of the fact today that deposits in the banks of theUnited States are safe; and, he remarked, "I hope that that type of liberal legislation will not
撤回する

be repealed."
世帯

He reminded me of the white men and Negroes who never saw, as the heads of families,
one hundred dollars in cash the whole year round. He reminded me of the days in 1932
合衆国

when the States of the Union were going broke, losing their credit because the whole
飢える者の救 済burden of the reliefofthestarving was placed on their shoulders without theV“Grilled Millionaires”
出資

contribution of one dollar from the Federal Government. He reminded me of the complete
lack of any social security program—of the days when a home-builder was charged fifteen
and twenty per cent to borrow the money to build his house—of the days when slum
撤去

clearance was a beautiful ideal on paper and nowhere else.
And when he left me, he said—"Young man, I don't know the United States the way you do
but I know this section of the Nation pretty well. I don't understand the working out of all
目新しいthese new- fangled things that the Government has been starting in these past six years. But
流布してI know this section of the country and I want to tell you that there is a new spirit abroad in
the land. I am not talking just about the fact that there is more buying power, that houses
are painted that were never painted before, that our banks are safe, that our roads andschools are infinitely better. What I am talking about is that all of our young people in my上昇 機運

section of the country and in every other section think that we are "going places."Those two words "going places" seem to be an essential in modern civilization everywhere.
They represent the conviction on the part of the young people of America that life neverremains static; that there are better days ahead than ever before; that an opportunity to finda way of life, to earn a living, to raise a family in comfort and security are better today and厳格に管理された

will be better tomorrow. There may be those in the world who believe that a regimented
people, whose every thought and action is directed by one man, may give some people atype of security which is pleasing to them. But whatever convictions I have, none is stronger
揺るぎない

than my abiding belief that the security and well-being of the American people can best beserved by the democratic processes that have made this country strong and great.
自惚れ

The future, however, rests not on chance alone, not on mere conservatism, mere smugness,
運命論

積極的

mere fatalism, but on the affirmative action which we take in America. What America does意義or fails to do in the next few years has a far greater bearing and influence on the history ofthe whole human race for centuries to come than most of us who are here today can everconceive.
We are not only the largest and most powerful democracy in the whole world, but manyother democracies look to us for leadership in order that world democracy may survive.
I am speaking not of the external policies of the United States Government. They are行う

支持して

exerted on the side of peace and they are exerted more strongly than ever before towardVI“Grilled Millionaires”
the self-preservation of democracies through the assurance of peace.
What I would emphasize is the maintenance of successful democracy at home. Necessarily
democratic methods within a nation's life entail change—the kind of change through local
processes described by Mr. Justice Cardozo—the kind of change to meet new social andeconomic needs through recognized processes of Government.
Because we live in an era of acceleration, we can no longer trust to the evolution of future
decades to meet these new problems. They rise before us today and they must be met today.
That is why the younger generation means so much in our current affairs. They are part ofthe picture in their twenties without having to wait until they pass middle age.
That is why I myself associate myself so enthusiastically with the younger generation.
That is why I am happy and proud to become an alumnus.

VII