ᚑくᄢቇℂᎿቇ⎇ⓥႎ๔
J. Fac. Sci. Tech., Seikei Univ.
Vol.45 No.2 (2008) pp.1-6

៤Ꮺ㔚⹤ߩࠞࡔ࡜↹௝㧘㪞㪧㪪 ᖱႎ߅ࠃ߮࿾࿑ᖱႎⲢวߦࠃࠆ࡙ࡆࠠ࠲ࠬⅣႺߩ᭴▽̆ ᱞ⬿㊁Ꮢߦ߅ߌࠆゞࠗࠬ೑↪⠪ߩὑߩࡃ࡝ࠕࡈ࡝࡯ᖱႎ 㧙ᐔ㊁ ⎇ੱ*z㧘ᵻᎹ ஜᄥ*z㧘㋈ᧁ ᥰ*z㧘ᨋ ᘨᒾ*z㧘࿃ 㓶੫*z㧘᧛਄ ੳᏆ*s

Construct of ubiquitous environment by integration of camera and GPS of mobile phones and map
information― Barrier-free information for wheel chair usersin Musashino city ―Kento HIRANO*z, Kenta ASAKAWA*z, Toru SUZUKI*z, Yasuhiko HAYASHI*z, Yusuke IN*z, Hitomi
MURAKAMI*sABSTRACT㧦 This paper introduces a new system of barrier-free information as integration of camera
and GPS of mobile phones and map information. The system will help wheel chair users to find restroom
and parking lots easily.
 We apply a new method to obtain high precision images when enlarged or reduced and to make ahigh-speed processing possible. In addition, we realize two innovative technologies: (1) prismaticmarkers and (2) display of several details information. By (1), a marker easily distinguished among
others, While they were conventionally monochrome. By (2), one can indicate several information ofdifferent kind, like restroom and parking lots for example, at the same time on the map. We consider that
this new system will contribute as a information navigation system of Musashino city.
Keyword㧦cell phone, camera, GPS information, GPS error, wheel chair, map(Received september 5, 2008)㧝㧚߹߃߇߈߇಴᧪ࠆ߆㧘․ߦ਄ߦㅀߴߚ⃻࿷ߩᣣᧄߩ⺖㗴ߦ㧘ዋߒߢ߽⸃ࠍਈ߃ࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ࠆ߆ᬌ⸛ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ ⃻࿷ߩᣣᧄߩ⺖㗴ߣߒߡԘዋሶ㜞㦂ൻ㧘ԙ቟ᔃ࡮቟ో㧘ᣣᧄߩ⺖㗴ࠍ⸃᳿ߔࠆᚻᲑߣߒߡ㧘ᤓ੹㧘ᦨ߽᥉෸ߒߡԚⅣႺ㧘߇޽ࠆ‫⺖ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬㗴ࠍ⸃᳿ߔࠆᚻᲑߣߒߡ㧘޿ࠆ៤Ꮺ┵ᧃߢ޽ࠆ៤Ꮺ㔚⹤߇ᵈ⋡ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᖱ ႎ ㅢ ା ᛛ ⴚ (ICT 㧦 Information and Communication ߘߎߢᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪᚑくᄢቇߩ޽ࠆᱞ⬿㊁Ꮢߢ቟ᔃ࡮቟Technologies)߇ᦼᓙߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬ਛߢ߽㧘៤Ꮺ㔚⹤ో㧘ⅣႺߣ޿ߞߚ⺖㗴ࠍ⸃᳿ߔࠆ㧝଀ߣߒߡ㧘ࡃ࡝ࠕࡈ࡝࡯ᖱႎߩ HP ࠍ૞ᚑߒ㧘ߎߩ૞ᚑㆊ⒟ߢ↢ߓߚ៤Ꮺ㔚ߪ㧘ᚒ‫␠ߩޘ‬ળߢᦨ߽᥉෸ߒߡ޿ࠆࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢᯏེߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᄙߊߩ࿖᳃߇଻ᜬ߆ߟᣣᏱ⊛ߦ૶↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ૶޿⹤ߩ GPS ․ᕈߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᘠࠇߚ┵ᧃߢ޽ࠆ‫̀ޕ‬źߛࠇ߽߇㧘24 ᤨ㑆りߦߟߌߡ޿ࠆ໑৻ߩᖱႎ෼㓸࡮વ㆐ᯏེߢ߽޽ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘․ߦߘ

㧞㧚⃻࿷ߩ៤Ꮺ㔚⹤ߣ 㪞㪧㪪 ᖱႎߩᔕ↪߇ലᨐࠍ⊒ើߔࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᚒ‫ߪޘ‬㧘␠ળߦⴕ߈ᷰߞߚࠞࡔ࡜ઃ߈៤Ꮺ㔚⹤ߣߎߩ ⃻࿷៤Ꮺ㔚⹤ߪ㧘ᣣᧄߩᏒ႐ߢ  ంบએ਄᥉෸ߒߡ޿៤Ꮺ㔚⹤ߦઃዻߒߡ޿ࠆ GPS㧔Global Positioning System㧕ࠆᖱႎ┵ᧃᯏེߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬៤Ꮺ㔚⹤ࠍ૶↪ߔࠆ੐ߦࠃ

ᯏ⢻̀ś̀t́㧘߅ࠃ߮ࠣ࡯ࠣ࡞࿾࿑ߣ⚵ߺวࠊߖࠆ੐ߢ૗ࠅ㧘޿ߟߢ߽ߤߎߢ߽ଢ೑ߢ᦭⋉ߥᖱႎࠍ౉ᚻߔࠆ੐߇*zᚑくᄢቇᄢቇ㒮Ꮏቇ⎇ⓥ⑼㔚᳇㔚ሶኾ᡹ඳ჻೨ᦼ⺖⒟*sᚑくᄢቇℂᎿቇㇱᖱႎൻᢎ᝼ߢ߈ࠆ‫ࠬ࠲ࠠࡆ࡙ޕ‬ⅣႺߩ᭴▽㧘ᖱႎขᓧߩὑߩ㊀ⷐߥ࠷࡯࡞ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

㧙1㧙

 2007ᐕᧃߢ88%ߩ៤Ꮺ㔚⹤┵ᧃߦࠞࡔ࡜߇ⵝ஻ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫↹࡜ࡔࠞࠄࠇߎޕ‬௝ߩ઀᭽ߪ㧘⧯ᐓᯏ⒳ࠃߞߡ⇣ߥࠆ߇ᦨㄭߢߪ࠺ࠖࠫ࠲࡞ࠞࡔ࡜ߣห╬ߩᕈ⢻ߢ޽ࠅ㧘
300-350ਁ↹⚛ߣ޿߁㜞ຠ⾰↹௝ࠍታ⃻ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߔߚ߹ޕ‬ߢߦ㧘500ਁ↹⚛ߩ៤Ꮺ㔚⹤ࠞࡔ࡜߽໡↪ൻߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬᠟ᓇߒߚ↹௝ߪEࡔ࡯࡞ߦᷝઃߒ㧘ߔߋߦઁߩ៤Ꮺ㔚⹤
߿PCߦㅍࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᄙ᭽ߥ↹௝⴫⃻ࠍน⢻ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫↹ߩߎߚ߹ޕ‬௝ࠍ᠟ߞߚ႐ᚲߩGPS૏⟎ᖱႎࠍ⴫␜ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑  ศ␽ኹ㚞ౝߩ࠻ࠗ࡟ᖱႎ ૏⟎ᖱႎߪ㧘ᚒ‫ߩޘ‬ᣣᏱ↢ᵴߦᭂ߼ߡ᦭↪ߥᖱႎߢ޽ࠆ‫␠ߩࠄ߆ࠇߎޕ‬ળࠗࡦࡈ࡜ߦߪᔅⷐਇนᰳߥᖱႎߦߥࠆߎߣߪᔅ㗇ߢ޽ࠆ‫ⷰߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ὐ߆ࠄ㧘ᤓᐕ㧘ᣣᧄߢߪߔߴߡߩ៤Ꮺ㔚⹤ߦGPS૏⟎ᖱႎᯏ⢻ࠍᮡḰⵝ஻ߔࠆߎߣ߇᳿ቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᯏ⢻ࠍ૶↪ߔࠇ߫㧘⃻࿷ߩ૏⟎ᖱႎ޽ࠆ޿ߪ᠟ᓇ↹௝ࠍ࿾࿑਄ߦ⴫␜ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ߒߛߚޕ‬㧘GPS૏⟎ᖱႎߦߪ㧘႐ᚲߦࠃߞߡߪ⺋Ꮕ߇↢ߓࠆߎߣ߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ฦ⒳⾗ᢱߦࠃࠇ߫㧘৻࿑  ࿑  ߩ౮⌀ߩ᜛ᄢᤨ

⥸ߦGPSߩ⺋Ꮕߪ๟ࠅߦ૗߽ߥ޿႐ᚲߢ1mએౝ㧘ᄢ߈ߥᑪ‛ߩㄭߊߥߤߢ15mએౝ㧘ᑪ‛ౝߢ100mએౝߣ޿ࠊࠇ ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ៤Ꮺ㔚⹤ߢ᠟ᓇ㧘ขᓧߒߚ↹௝ߦGPSᖱႎߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓟㅀߔࠆ߇㧘੹࿁╩⠪ࠄ߇᷹ቯߒߚᱞ⬿㊁Ꮢߩࠍઃߌ㧘ߘߩ↹௝ࠍࠣ࡯ࠣ࡞࿾࿑਄ߦGPSᖱႎࠍ߽ߣߦ

႐วߢߪ㧘๟ࠅߦ૗߽ߥ޿႐ᚲߦ߅޿ߡߪ15mએౝߢ޽

⾍ࠅઃߌࠆ‫ࠅ⾍ޕ‬ઃߌߚ㧘↹௝ߪ⺋Ꮕ߇޽ࠆߩߢ૏⟎ࠍߞߚ߇㧘๟ࠅߦᑪ‛ߥߤ߇޽ࠆደᄖߢ30ޯ100㨙㧘ደౝߦᚻേߢୃᱜߔࠆ‫߿࡟ࠗ࠻ߩ࡯࡝ࡈࠕ࡝ࡃߚ߹ޕ‬㚢ゞ႐ߩ߅޿ߡߪ⚂50㨪ᢙ⊖mߢ㧘ደౝߢ߽ᄢ߈ߥࡆ࡞ߢߩౝㇱᖱႎࠍ⷗߿ߔߊ⴫␜ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘ࡑ࠶ࡊ਄ߢශߩ⦡ಽߌ

ߢߪᦨᄢ1000㨙ߩ⺋Ꮕ߇↢ߓߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚߎࠇࠄࡃ࡝ࠕࡈ࡝࡯ᖱႎߩ↹௝ࠍ⷗߿ߔߊ㧘㜞ㅦ㧟㧚ࡃ࡝ࠕࡈ࡝࡯ᖱႎߩ 㪟㪧 ૞ᚑߦ᜛ᄢ࡮❗ዊߢ߈ࠆᣇᑼ㧘᜛ᄢߒߡ߽↹௝ຠ⾰߇଻ߚࠇࠆᛛⴚࠍណ↪ߒߚ‫ߦࠄߐ̹́̀ޕ‬૏⟎ᖱႎߦട߃㧘࠻ࠗ࡟ߦ ᚒ‫ߪޘ‬៤Ꮺ㔚⹤㧘ࠞࡔ࡜㧘GPS ᖱႎ㧘࿾࿑ᖱႎࠍⲢว㑐ߔࠆᖱႎ㧘࠼ࠕߩ㐿ߊᣇะ㧘⢛߽ߚࠇ߿ᷝ߃ᧁߩ᦭ήߐߖ㧘⃻࿷ߩᣣᧄߩ␠ળ໧㗴ࠍ⸃᳿ߔࠆ 1 ଀ߣߒߡᱞ⬿ߩߥߤࠍ⸥ㅀߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㊁Ꮢߩࡃ࡝ࠕࡈ࡝࡯ᖱႎߩ HP ࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚᧄ⎇ⓥߢ㐿⊒ߒߚࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߢߪᓥ᧪ᣇᑼߣᲧセࠍ ᱞ⬿㊁Ꮢࠍߐࠄߦ૑ߺࠃ޿ⴝߦߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ㧘ゞ޿ߔߔࠆߣ20%⒟ᐲߩࡔࡕ࡝ኈ㊂ߢࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ᭴▽߇น⢻ߣߥ࡙࡯ࠩ࡯ߩᣇߚߜ߇⸰໧ߒ߿ߔ޿ⴝ㧘቟ᔃ࡮቟ోߥⴝߦࠅ㧘៤Ꮺ㔚⹤ߢߩ㑛߽ⷩᓥ᧪ࠃࠅ߽㜞ㅦൻ߇น⢻ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ߔࠆ੐ߩᔅ㗇᧦ઙߛߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫੹ߢߎߘޕ‬࿁㧘ᚑくᄢ៤Ꮺ㔚⹤ߢߩ㑛ⷩ߇น⢻ߣߥࠆߎߣߢ㧘޿ߟߢ߽ߤߎߢቇߩ޽ࠆᱞ⬿㊁ᏒߩᏒ᳃㧘ߘߒߡ⧯⠪߇ᦨ߽㓸߹ࠆⴝ㧘߽ゞ޿ߔ࡙࡯ࠩ࡯ߩࠨࡐ࡯࠻ߦߥࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ⠨߃ศ␽ኹࠍ߽ߟᱞ⬿㊁Ꮢࠍ⸰ࠇࠆᣇߢ㧘ゞ޿ߔࠍ૶߁ᣇ↪

ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߩ࠻ࠗ࡟㧘㚢ゞ႐╬ߩࡃ࡝ࠕࡈ࡝࡯ᖱႎࠍ⴫⃻ߒߚࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ㐿⊒ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ߦߢߔߪࡓ࠹ࠬࠪᧄޕ‬ᚑくᄢቇߦࠨ㧠㧚㪞㪧㪪 ᖱႎߩ⺋Ꮕ࡯ࡃࠍ⸳⟎ߒ㧘ᄖㇱߦ౏㐿ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬(http://www.ci.seikei.ac.jp/murakami/) ੹࿁ᚒ‫߇ޘ‬HPࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆ㓙㧘៤Ꮺ㔚⹤ߢ᠟ᓇߒߚ↹௝ߦ૏⟎ᖱႎࠍઃߌߡ㧘ߘߩ૏⟎ᖱႎࠍ߽ߣߦ࿾࿑਄ߦᒛ
ࠅઃߌߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬૏⟎ᖱႎߪߤࠇ߽ᗐቯએ਄ߦ⺋Ꮕ߇޽ࠅ㧘ߘߩ߹߹ߢߪࡃ࡝ࠕࡈ࡝࡯ᖱႎߣߒߡߪ૶߃ߥ߆ߞߚߩ
ߢᚻേߢ૏⟎ᖱႎࠍୃᱜߒߚ‫ޕ‬ GPSࠍ૶↪ߔࠆ߁߃ߢ↪ㅜߦ߽ࠃࠆ߇㧘⺋Ꮕߩᄢ߈ߐ
ߪᭂ߼ߡ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠍ࡟ࠗ࠻߫߃଀ޕ‬តߒߡ޿ࠆᤨߦ㧘㧙㧙⴫␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ㆏߇㓞ߩ㆏ߦ࠭࡟ߡ⴫␜ߐࠇߡ޿ߚࠄ㧘ᄢԝ㧢㓏┙ߡߩᑪ‛ߩਛߢ㧢㓏ߩਛᔃㇱ໧㗴ߦߥࠆ‫ߦ⥸৻ޕ‬GPSߩ⺋Ꮕߪ๟ࠅߦ૗߽ߥ޿႐ᚲߢԞ㧢㓏┙ߡߩᑪ‛ߩਛߢ㧢㓏ߩ┵ߩ⓹㓙

1mએౝ㧘ᄢ߈ߥᑪ‛ߩㄭߊߥߤߢ15mએౝ㧘ᑪ‛ౝߢ੹࿁ߪ㧞ߟߩᣣᧄࠍઍ⴫ߔࠆ៤Ꮺળ␠ A ␠ߣ B ␠ߩ៤100mએౝߣ޿ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫੹ߢߎߘޕ‬࿁ߘࠇࠍౣ⏕⹺ߔࠆᏪ┵ᧃࠍ૶↪ߒߚ‫ޕ‬A ␠ߩ┵ᧃߪ GPS ᖱႎߣၮ࿾ዪ߆ࠄ⋡⊛ߢ㧘៤Ꮺ㔚⹤ߩGPSᯏ⢻ࠍ૶↪ߒߡ⹦⚦ߥ⺋Ꮕ⸘᷹ߩᖱႎߦࠃࠆ⺋Ꮕ⵬ᱜࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ B ␠ߪ GPSࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᖱႎߛߌߢ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ᷹ቯߔࠆߩߢ㧘A ␠ࠃࠅ߽޽ࠆ⒟ᐲ
ᄙߊ⺋Ꮕ߇಴ࠆߣᗐቯߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㧡㧚ታ㛎⁁ᴫ㧢㧚ታ㛎⚿ᨐ ੹࿁ߪᱞ⬿㊁Ꮢߦ޽ࠆᚑくᄢቇ᭴ౝߩએਅߩ㧣ࡩᚲߢ㧘㧟ᤨ㑆Ფߦ㧝ᣣ㧠࿁㧘㧞ㅳ㑆᷹ቯࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬᷹ቯߒߚ႐ 㧭␠ߣ㧮␠ߩ᷹ቯ⚿ᨐࠍ⴫㧝,㧞ߦ␜ߔ‫ߪߢߎߎޕ‬਄⸥ᚲߦߟ޿ߡߪԘ᮸ᧁߦⷒࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ႐ᚲ㧘ԙ๟ࠅߦ૗߽㧣ߟߩ႐ᚲߢߩ⺋Ꮕࠍ㧘ᐔဋ㧘ᦨᄢ⺋Ꮕ㧘ᦨዊ⺋Ꮕ㧘ಽߥ޿႐ᚲ㧘Ԛ㗡਄߿๟࿐߇ᑪ‛ߦ࿐߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ႐ᚲ㧘ԛᢔ㧘ᮡḰ஍Ꮕߦࠃࠅ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬ᨐ㧘᷹ቯ᧦ઙߩ㨪Ԟᑪ‛ౝߢ޽ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬ԛ㧘Ԝߪԝ㧘ԞߦᲧߴ᷹ቯ૏⟎⦟޿㧔๟ࠅߦᑪ‛߇ߥ޿㧕႐ᚲߢߪ㧘10㧙50m㧘ᑪ‛ߩ߇ᑪ‛ߩਅጀ㓏ߥߩߢ⺋Ꮕߪࠃࠅᄢ߈޿ߣ੍᷹ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ㄭߊߢߪ㧘50㧙80m㧘ᑪ‛ߩਛߥߤߢߪ㧘100m એ਄㧘ᦨԛ㧘ԝߪԜ㧘ԞߦᲧߴ⓹߆ࠄ㔌ࠇߡ޿ࠆߚ߼ߐࠄߦ⺋Ꮕ

ᄢ 1000m એ਄ߩ⺋Ꮕ߇᷹ⷰߐࠇߚ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬᷹ቯߢߪ㧘߇ᄢ߈޿ߣ੍᷹ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᤨ㑆ߏߣߦࠃࠆᄢ߈ߥ⺋Ꮕߩ㆑޿ߪ⷗ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ߇㧘Ԙᱜ㐷೨ᄤ᳇ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘⧯ᐓߢߪ޽ࠆ߇㧘ߣߊߦᦅࠅ߿㔎ߩ႐ԙਛᐸวߪ⺋Ꮕ㊂ߩჇᄢ߇↢ߓߚ‫ߦ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬㧘৻⥸⊛ߦ⸒ࠊԚᑪ‛ߩ㑆ࠇߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߥ GPS ߣߪ߆ߥࠅ⇣ߥࠆ᷹ቯ⚿ᨐߢ޽ࠆԛ㧢㓏┙ߡߩᑪ‛ߩਛߢ㧝㓏ߩਛᔃㇱߎߣ߇⏕⹺ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬Ԝ㧢㓏┙ߡߩᑪ‛ߩਛߢ㧝㓏ߩ┵ߩ⓹㓙⴫㧝 㧭␠ߩ┵ᧃ㧦⺋Ꮕᐔဋ୯㧘ᦨᄢ⺋Ꮕ㧘ᦨዊ⺋Ꮕ㧘ಽᢔ୯㧘ᮡḰᄌᏅ න૏ߪ㨙 ⴫㧞 㧮␠ߩ┵ᧃ㧦⺋Ꮕᐔဋ୯㧘ᦨᄢ⺋Ꮕ㧘ᦨዊ⺋Ꮕ㧘ಽᢔ୯㧘ᮡḰᄌᏅ න૏ߪ㨙 ࿑㧞㧝 㧭␠ߩ┵ᧃߩ᷹ቯ⚿ᨐਛᐸ ࿾࿑ߩ❗ዤߪ
EO ᒰߚࠅ O ࿑㧞㧞 㧮␠ߩ┵ᧃߩ᷹ቯ⚿ᨐਛᐸ ࿾࿑ߩ❗ዤߪ EO ᒰߚࠅ O 㧙㧙ᱜࠍⴕ߃߫⺋Ꮕ߇❗ዊߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇⏕⹺ߢ߈ߚ‫߆ߒޕ‬ߒߥ߇ࠄᑪ‛ౝߢߪߘࠇߢ߽⚂ 60m ߩ⺋Ꮕ߇⊒↢ߔࠆ⚿ᨐߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬࿑㧟 ਔ␠ߩ┵ᧃߩ᷹ቯ⚿ᨐ㧦࿑㧞㧝㧞㧞ߩ⺋Ꮕ㗫ᐲ࿑㧡 㧭␠ߩ┵ᧃߩ᷹ቯ⚿ᨐ࿑㧠ߩ⺋Ꮕ㗫ᐲ࿑㧠 㧭␠ߩ┵ᧃߩ᷹ቯ⚿ᨐᑪ‛ߩ㧝( ߩਛᔃㇱ ࿾࿑ߩ❗ዤߪ EO ᒰߚࠅ O ࿑㧞㧠㧢ߪԘ ᱜ㐷೨ ߣԛ 㧢㓏ᑪߡߩᑪ‛ߩਛߢߩ  㓏ߩਛᔃㇱ ߦߟ޿ߡߩ᷹ቯ⚿ᨐࠍ㧞ᰴర⊛ߦ࿾࿑਄ߦ␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬᥍ࠇߪࡇࡦࠢߩශ㧘ᦅࠅߪ㤛⦡ߩශ㧘㔎ߪ⚡ߩශߢ␜ߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬࿑߆ࠄ߽ࠊ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘࿑㧢 㧮␠ߩ┵ᧃߩ᷹ቯ⚿ᨐᑪ‛ߩ㧝( ߩਛᔃㇱ ࿾࿑ᦅࠅ߿㔎ߢߩ᷹ቯ⚿ᨐߢ޽ࠆ㧘㤛⦡ߩශ㧘⚡ߩශߪ㧘⌀ߩ❗ዤߪ EO ᒰߚࠅ O ߩ႐ᚲ߆ࠄᄖߦಽᢔߒߡ޿ࠆ᭽ሶ߇⷗ߡขࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬એਅߪ⺋Ꮕ᷹ቯ⚿ᨐߩ᭎ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧝㧚ᱜ㐷೨㧘ਛᐸߢߩ⺋Ꮕߪ㧭␠㧘㧮␠ߣ߽ߦᐔဋߒߡ
O ⒟ᐲߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ਔ⸘᷹࿾ߢߩ )25 ⸘᷹ߢߪ㧘๟ࠅߦ㓚ኂߣߥࠆ߽ߩ ᄢ߈ߥᑪ‛ߥߤ ߇ߥ߆ߞߚߚ߼㧘ደౝߦᲧߴߡ⺋Ꮕߪ߆ߥࠅዋߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㧞㧚ᑪ‛ߩ㑆ߩ᷹ቯߢ޽ࠆԚߢߪ⺋Ꮕߩᄢ߈ߐߪ 10m ߆ࠄ 100m ߩ⺋Ꮕߢ޽ߞߚ‫⺋ߩߎޕ‬Ꮕߩේ࿃ߪࡑ࡞࠴ࡄࠬߦࠃࠆ߽ߩ߇ᄢ߈޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㧭␠ߢߪၮ࿾ዪ࿑㧣 㧮␠ߩ┵ᧃߩ᷹ቯ⚿ᨐ࿑㧢ߩ⺋Ꮕ㗫ᐲ⵬ᱜࠍ߅ߎߥߞߡ޿ࠆߚ߼㧘⺋Ꮕ߇ደᄖߩઁߩ႐ᚲߣᄌࠊࠄߥ߆ߞߚ߇㧘㧮␠ߩ⸘᷹⚿ᨐߢߪࡑ࡞࠴ࡄࠬߩ㧣㧚㪞㪧㪪 ⺋Ꮕߩ஍ࠅ․ᕈᓇ㗀ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆᓇ㗀߇ᅤታߦ⴫ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟㧚ᑪ‛ౝߩ⸘᷹⚿ᨐߪ㧭␠ߣ㧮␠ߩ⺋ᏅߩᏅߪᄢ߈ߊ ߎߎߢ᷹ቯߐࠇߚ᷹ቯ⺋Ꮕࠍ㧘਄⸥㧢┨ߢߩ㧝ᰴర⊛㆑ߞߚ‫ޕ‬࿑㧟㧡㧣ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ㧭␠ߩ┵ᧃߩ⺋Ꮕߪ

ߥ㊂߆ࠄߩ⹏ଔߦട߃ߡ㧘஍ࠅ․ᕈࠍ♖ኒᐲߣᱜ⏕ᐲߦታ㓙ߩ૏⟎ㄭㄝߦ߹ߣ߹ߞߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘㧮␠ߩ┵ᧃߩ⺋ࠃࠅ⹏ଔߒߚ‫♖̸̷́̀́̀ޕ‬ኒᐲߣᱜ⏕ᐲߦࠃࠅ㧘ߤߩᣇะᏅߪᄢ߈ߊಽᢔߒߡߒ߹ߞߚ‫ޕ‬⒘ߦߢߪ޽ࠆ߇ GPS ᖱߦߤࠇߛߌߩ⺋Ꮕ߇޽ࠆ߆ߣ޿߁㧘㧞ᰴర⊛ߥ⹏ଔ߇นႎߩขᓧߦᄬᢌߒၮ࿾ዪߩ႐ᚲࠍ␜ߒߚࠤ࡯ࠬ߿㧘⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫♖ޕ‬ኒᐲߣߪ➅ࠅ㄰ߒߩ޽ࠆ᷹ⷰ୯㧔޽ࠆ޿ߪ

1000m ࠍ⿧߃ࠆᄢ߈ߥ⺋Ꮕࠍ␜ߔߎߣ߽޽ࠅ㧘ᑪ‛ౝ➅ࠅ㄰ߒߩ޽ࠆ৻ㅪߩ᷹ⷰ୯߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇߚᢙ㊂㧕ߩᮡᧄߢߩⴡᤊᖱႎߛߌߢߩ૏⟎․ቯߪ㔍ߒ޿㧘ߣ޿߃ࠆ⚿ᐔဋߦኻߔࠆㄭૃᕈࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᱜ⏕ᐲߣߪ㧘᷹ⷰ୯㧔޽ᨐߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ࠆ޿ߪ᷹ⷰ୯߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇߚᢙ㊂㧕ߩ⌀୯ߦኻߔࠆㄭૃᕈ㧠㧚㧭␠ߩࠃ߁ߦ៤Ꮺၮ࿾ዪ߆ࠄߩାภࠍ૶↪ߒ⺋Ꮕ⵬ࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧙㧙ߎߩ♖ኒᐲߪએਅߩᑼߦࠃߞߡ᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㧤㧚੹ᓟߩ⺖㗴          ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ៤Ꮺ㔚⹤ߢ᠟ᓇ㧘ขᓧߒߚ↹௝ߦ GPS ᖱႎ ࠍઃߌ㧘ߘߩ↹௝ࠍࠣ࡯ࠣ࡞࿾࿑਄ߦ GPS ᖱႎࠍ߽ߣߦߎߩᑼߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ǻ*ARTGEKUKQP ߪᐔ㕙਄ߩ᷹ቯ⺋Ꮕ㧘ǻZߪ Z ゲᣇะߩᮡḰ஍Ꮕ㧘ǻ[ ߪ [ ゲᣇะߩᮡḰ஍Ꮕࠍ⴫ߔ‫ޕ‬⾍ࠅઃߌࠆߎߣߦࠃࠆࡃ࡝ࠕࡈ࡝࡯ᖱႎߩ HP ૞ᚑߣ㧘ǻZ ߣ ǻ[ ߪએਅߩᑼߢ᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩ㓙ߦ↢ߓࠆ㧘GPS ⺋Ꮕᖱႎߩ⹦⚦ߥ᷹ቯ㧘ߎࠇࠄ࠺࡯࠲ߩ஍ࠅ⸃ᨆࠍⴕߞߚ‫ߦߣ߽ࠍ࠲࡯࠺ߩߎޕ‬૏⟎ᖱႎߩ஍ࠅࠍ⥄േ⊛ߦ⵬ᱜߔࠆࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ᭴▽ߩน⢻ᕈ߇␜           ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ᧄታ㛎ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᚑくᄢቇㄭㄝߢߪ㧘᷹ቯ᧦ઙߩ⦟޿            㧔๟ࠅߦᑪ‛߇ߥ޿㧕႐ᚲߢ㧘10㧙50m㧘ᑪ‛ߩㄭߊߢ ߎࠇࠄߩᑼߦ߅޿ߡ㧘n ߪ᷹ⷰ୯ߩ✚ᢙ㧘xk ߪ k ࿁⋡ߪ㧘50㧙80m㧘ᑪ‛ߩਛߥߤߢߪ㧘100m એ਄,ᤨߣߒߡ

ߩ᷹ቯߦ߅ߌࠆ x ゲᣇะߩᐳᮡ㧘yk ߪ k ࿁⋡ߩ᷹ቯߦ߅

1000m ߩ⺋Ꮕߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ᐔဋ⺋Ꮕߩ஍ࠅߪർߦ 5m㧘

ߪ y ゲᣇะߩ᷹ⷰ୯ߩᐔဋߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ዊ߇น⢻ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ߌࠆ y ゲᣇะߩᐳᮡ㧘x ߪ x ゲᣇะߩ᷹ⷰ୯ߩᐔဋ㧘y᧲ߦ 20m ߢ޽ߞߚ‫⺋ߩߎޕ‬Ꮕ஍ࠅࠍ೑↪ߔࠇ߫⺋Ꮕߩ❗

 ᷹ቯߒߚ㧭␠ߩ⺋Ꮕࠍ࿾࿑਄ߢࡊࡠ࠶࠻ߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘߶ߣࠎߤోߡߩ⸘᷹࿾ὐߢ㧘⺋Ꮕߩ஍ࠅࠍ⏕⹺ߒߚ‫ߥޕ‬߅ᧄ⺰ᢥߢߪ࿑㧞,㧠ߩ㧞࿾ὐࠍ଀ߦ␜ߔ‫ߩߘޕ‬஍ࠅࠍ⸃ᨆߒߚߣߎࠈ㧘࿑㧤ߩ⊕ਣߩὐߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ㧘ో⚿ᨐߩ
㊀ᔃὐߪ⌀୯ࠃࠅർߦ㧡m㧘᧲ߦ 20m ߩ࿾ὐߢ޽ࠆ‫ߟޕ‬߹ࠅ஍ࠅߩ㊀ᔃὐߪ⌀୯ࠃࠅർߦ㧡m㧘᧲ߦ 20m ߩ࿾ὐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑㧤ߪ⴫㧝ߩో⚿ᨐߣ஍ࠅߩ㊀ᔃὐࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬᷹ቯᒰೋߪ㧘޿ࠈ޿ࠈߥ᷹ቯ᧦ઙߢ⺋Ꮕ߇⊒↢ߒ㧘⌀୯ߩ๟ࠅߦಽᢔߔࠆߣᗐቯߒߡ޿ߚ߇㧘ߎߎߢㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߥ⺋Ꮕߩ஍ࠅ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߩߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬࿑㧥 ో࿖ߩหᤨೞߩⴡᤊߩขᓧߢ߈ࠆ૏⟎ߣᢙ  ੹ᓟߪ㧘ߎߩ⺋Ꮕߩ஍ࠅ߇࿾ၞ․ᕈߥߩ߆㧘ၮ࿾ዪߦ࿑㧤 㧭␠ߩ 㪞㪧㪪 ⺋ᏅߩಽᏓߣಽᏓߩ㊀ᔃὐ ᯍ⦡ߩὐ߇ർߦ㧡O㧘᧲ O ߩ࿾ὐ ࠃࠆ߽ߩߥߩ߆ࠍ⸃ᨆߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫੹߫߃଀ޕ‬࿁ߪ᧲੩ߩᱞ⬿㊁Ꮢߢታ㛎ࠍⴕߞߚ߇㧘✲ᐲ⚻ᐲߩ㆑߁႐ᚲߢ߽⺋Ꮕߩ஍ࠅߪߢࠆߩ߆ታ㛎ࠍⴕ޿ߚ޿‫ޕ‬࿑  ߦ␜ߔࠃ ߹ߚ㧘ߘߩ᷹ቯᤨ㑆ߦߟ޿ߡߺࠆߣ㧘᷹ቯ⚿ᨐߢ޽ࠆ߁ߦⴡᤊߩⷺᐲ㧘ขᓧߢ߈ࠆᢙߪᣣᧄ࿖ౝߥࠄో࿖ߤߎ߇㧘᷹ቯ⚿ᨐ߇಴ࠆ߹ߢߩᤨ㑆ߪᐔဋߒߡ㧭␠㧘⚂㧡⑽㧘

ߢ߽หߓⷺᐲ㧘หߓᢙߩⴡᤊࠍขᓧߢ߈ࠆ‫ࠅ߹ߟޕ‬㧘ᣣ㧮␠㧘⚂ 15 ⑽ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬᷹ቯᤨ㑆߇㧮␠ߩᣇ߇߆ߥࠅ㐳ᧄߢߪߤߎߢ߽หߓ⚿ᨐ߇ᓧࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆߩߢ㧘ߘࠇࠍ߆ߞߚߚ߼㧮␠ߩᣇ߇㔚ᳰߩᶖ⾌߇ᣧ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬GPS ߩታ⏕⹺ߔࠆߎߣ߽੹ᓟߩ⺖㗴ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬↪ൻߦ㓙ߒߡ㧘៤Ꮺ㔚⹤ߩ㔚ᳰᶖ⾌ߪ੹ᓟߩ໧㗴ߢ޽ࠈ ੹࿁㧘ᚒ‫߇ޘ‬៤Ꮺ㔚⹤ࠍᜬߞߡᱞ⬿㊁Ꮢౝߢࡃ࡝ࠕࡈ߁‫ޕ‬࡝࡯ᖱႎࠍขᓧߒ㧘࿾࿑਄ߦ⴫␜ߒߚ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟߪ㧘ᱞ⬿㊁Ꮢ᳃㧘ᱞ⬿㊁Ꮢࠍ⸰ࠇߚᣇ߇᳇ߠ޿ߚࡃ࡝ࠕࡈ࡝࡯ᖱႎࠍ៤Ꮺ㔚⹤ࠞࡔ࡜ߢ౮ߒ㧘ߎߩ࿾࿑਄ߦᒛࠅઃߌ㧘⊝ߢ㧙㧙ߎߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍᚑ㐳ߐߖࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁Ḱ஻ߒߡ޿߈ߚ޿‫ޕ‬ෳ⠨ᢥ₂ ߎߩࡃ࡝ࠕࡈ࡝࡯ᖱႎࠍ㧘៤Ꮺ㔚⹤ߢ⷗ࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߔ



[1]ࠆ੐߽ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩ࡟ࠗ࠻ޕ‬႐ᚲߪ࿾࿑਄ߢᛠីߢ߈ࠆ߇㧘࠻ࠗ࡟ߦ㑐ߔࠆ㊀ⷐߥᖱႎߢ޽ࠆ㧘࠼ࠕߩ㐿ߌᣇ㧘ᵻ⷗ᔀ “࡙ࡆࠠ࠲ࠬࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߩࠕ࡯ࠠ࠹ࠢ࠴ࡖ”[2]ᷝ߃ᧁߩ޽ࠆ࡮ߥߒ㧘╬ߩઃᏪᖱႎࠍ⺒߻ߎߣ߇㔍ߒ޿‫ޕ‬ߘߎߢ㧘៤Ꮺ㔚⹤↪ߣߒߡ㧘ߎߩઃᏪᖱႎࠍ᜛ᄢ⴫␜ߔ

“ࠤ࡯࠲ࠗ⊕ᦠ 2008” ࡕࡃࠗ࡞̒ࠦࡦ࠹ࡦ࠷̒ࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓ

[3] Leick, A. (1995) “GPS satellite surveying 2nd edition”

ࠆᯏ⢻ࠍㅊടߔࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ )25 ᖱႎߩ⺋Ꮕ߇ᡷༀߐࠇࠇ߫᭽‫ߩߢࡦ࡯ࠪߥޘ‬ᵴべߪᦼᓙߐࠇࠆߛࠈ߁‫੹ޕ‬࿁૞ᚑߒߚࠃ߁ߥ HP ߛߌߢߥ[4]ߊ㧘៤Ꮺ㔚⹤ߩࠞࡔ࡜↹௝ࠍ೑↪ߔࠆ੐ߦࠃࠅ㧘᏷ᐢ޿

John Wiley & Sons, New York

B.ࡎࡈࡑࡦ-࠙ࠚ࡟ࡦࡎࡈ, H.࡝ࡅ࠹ࡀࠟ࡯/J.ࠦ࡝ࡦ

࠭ “GPS ℂ⺰ߣᔕ↪” Spriger Japan 2005

[5] ᫪ർ⡸ “ߎࠇߢࠊ߆ߞߚ GPS” ᫪ർ಴ᔕ↪߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫߫߃଀ޕ‬ἴኂᤨߥߤߦੱ߇ୟࠇߡ޿ࠆ

ᩣᑼળ␠

2004

߆㧘ἴኂߩ⁁ᴫߥߤߩ⊒⷗㧘ㅢႎࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆ‫ ߚ߹ޕ‬GPS[6] ኑᏒ ๺↵ “D.T.P ߳ߩࡈ࡞࡯ࠛࡦࠪವᢙㄭૃൻᚻᖱႎࠍ૶↪ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅߐࠄߥࠆ⹦⚦ᖱႎߩ⴫␜߇นᴺ”ᣣᧄශ೚ቇળ⹹, vol.39, no3, pp.169-179(May 2002)⢻ߣߥࠆ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦ㧘႐ᚲߩ⏕⹺߿ߘߩ႐ᚲ๟ㄝߩ࿾࿑
ߩ౉ᚻ㧘⒖േ⚻〝ߩ⏕⹺߿ᤨㅦߩ⴫␜㧘⒖േᤨߦ߅ߌࠆ࡝ࠕ࡞࠲ࠗࡓߩ࠽ࡆࠥ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߥߤ⠧⧯↵ᅚ߇૶↪ߢ߈ࠆᛛⴚߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧥㧚߅ࠊࠅߦ GPS ᖱႎߩ♖ᐲะ਄ߪߎࠇ߆ࠄߩ␠ળߦᔅⷐਇนᰳߥ໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ᧄޕ‬Ⓜߢ␜ߐࠇߚ GPS ⺋Ꮕߩ❗ዊน⢻ᕈߪߎࠇ߆ࠄߩ GPS ᖱႎࠍ૶↪ߔࠆࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߦᓎ┙ߟߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠍࡓ࠹ࠬࠪߩߎޕ‬ᔕ↪ߒᚒ‫߇ޘ‬૞ᚑߒߚ HP ߪ੹ᣣᧄ߇⋥㕙ߒߡ޿ࠆ⺖㗴㧘ዋሶ㜞㦂ൻ㧘․ߦ቟ᔃ࡮቟ోߦ޿ߐߐ߆ߢ߽ᓎߦߚߟᖱႎߣ⥄⽶ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᚒ‫߇ޘ‬૞ᚑߒߚࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߇᥉෸ߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘੹ᓟ᥵ࠄߒ߿ߔ޿ⴝߦߥࠅ㧘߹ߚⴝߩᵴᕈൻߦ߽ߟߥ߇ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߦࠄߐޕ‬࿾ၞ⽸₂ߛߌߢߥߊ␠ળ⽸₂߇น⢻ߦߥࠆߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩࡓ࠹ࠬࠪߩߎޕ‬ᔕ↪ߦࠃࠅ޿ߟߢ߽ߤߎߢ߽⺕ߢ߽቟ᔃߢ቟ోߥ↸ߠߊࠅ߇น⢻ߣᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬⻢ ㄉ ᧄ⺰ᢥࠍቢᚑߐߖࠆߦᒰߚࠅ㧘ᖱႎ⑼ቇ⑼ᢎ᝼ᷰㄝ৻
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