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Histrory of the Asian and OceanianPhotochemistry Association (APA)
Haruo Inoue
5

10

Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences,
Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan
Former President of the APA, third term (2008-2010)
E-mail: inoue-haruo@tmu.ac.jp
DOI: 10.1039/b000000x [DO NOT ALTER/DELETE THIS TEXT]Histroty of the Asian and Oceananina Photochemistry Association (APA)
as the largest photochemsitry association in the world, which wasestablished in 2002 and actually was born at the kick-off meeting in 2001,
and the pre-history are briefly reviewed.

1. Foundation of the Asian and Oceanian Photochemistry
Association (APA)
The
Asian
and
Oceanian
Photochemistry
Association(APA:
http://www.asianphotochem.com/) has been established in 2002 on the basis of regional
photochemistry associations and photochemists assembly in Australia, China, Hong
Kong, India, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan to promote and encourage the international
development of photochemistry and related subjects with special reference to Asian and20 Oceania countries. In particular, the aims to be pursued by the Association are:
1. Promotion of co-operation between the Association members in universities,
research institutions and industries through international contacts and exchange ofscientists.
2. Co-ordination of photochemical meetings in Asia and Oceania, including the25
Asian Photochemistry Conference.
3. Promotion of photochemical literature.
Membership of the Association is opened to 1) the national and regional societies(Society membership): all members who belong to each society are assigned as
individuals of Society membership. If the national or regional society does not exist, a
30 group consisting of more than ten persons is referred as a Society membership, or 2)
persons who are willing to accomplish the objectives as described above (Personal
membership): an individual who does not belong to a Society membership. According
to the definition of membership in plural categories, a description of the affiliation ofeach scientist has been subjected not to the country but to the city.
15

35

Dr. Hiroshi Masuhara
The Founding President of
the APA (2002-2004)

Dr. Jai Pal Mittal
The 2nd President of
the APA (2005-2007)

Dr. Haruo Inoue
The 3rd President of
the APA (2008-2010)[journal], [year], [vol], 00–00 | 1This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry [year]

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The Asian and OceanianPhotochemistry Association(APA)

Number of members: 1126 as of March,
2012.
45 Society members:
Australia and New Zealand (12), China(80), Hong Kong (16), India (57), Japan(700), Korea (200), Singapore (10),Taiwan (51) as of March 2012.
50

Executive members of the APA (2011-2012)

Executive committee
President
Minjoong Yoon
Molecular/Nano Photochemistry & Photonics Lab
Department of Chemistry
Chungnam National University
Yuseong, Daejeon
http://www.cnu.ac.kr/~mjyoon

Vice President
Hiroshi Fukumura
Department of Chemistry
Graduate School of Science
Tohoku University
Aoba, Sendai
http://opc.chem.tohoku.ac.jp/e/Vice President
Ken Ghiggino
School of Chemistry
The University of Melbourne
Victoria
http://www.chemistry.unimelb.edu.au/people/ghiggino.html

Secretary Treasurer
Hiroshi Miyasaka
Division of Frontier Materials Science
Graduate School of Engineering Science
Osaka University
Toyonaka, Osaka
http://www.laser.chem.es.osaka-u.ac.jp/index-e.html

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CREATED USING THE RSC REPORT TEMPLATE (VER. 3.1) - SEE WWW.RSC.ORG/ELECTRONICFILES FOR DETAILSCouncilors
Councilor
Kiyomi Kakiuchi
Graduate School of Materials Science
Nara Institute of Science and Technology
Ikoma, Nara
http://mswebs.naist.jp/LABs/kakiuchi/index-j.html

Councilor
Hwan Kyu Kim
Center for Advanced Photovoltaic Materials (CAPM),
Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University(Sejong)
Jochiwon, Yeongi-Gun, ChungNam
http://www.cslhm.org
http://www.capm.org
Councilor
Jonathan Hobley
Institute of Materials Research & Engineering,
Agency for Science Engineering & Research (A*STAR)
Singapore,http://www.imre.astar.edu.sg/researcher.php?startlet=H&rid=&id=U536P531
http://www.imre.a-star.edu.sg/
Councilor
Jim Jr-Min Lin
Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences
Academia Sinica
Taipei
http://www.iams.sinica.edu.tw/Councilor
Anunay Samanta
School of Chemistry
University of Hyderabad
Hyderabad
http://chemistry.uohyd.ernet.in/~as/Councilor
K. George Thomas
School of Chemistry &Dean (Academics and Administration)
Indian Institute of Science Education and ResearchCollege of Engineering Trivandrum Campus,
Trivandrum
Councilor
Chem.-Ho Tung
Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Beijing
http://lpcas.iccas.ac.cn/english/aboutus.asp[journal], [year], [vol], 00–00 | 3This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry [year]

CREATED USING THE RSC REPORT TEMPLATE (VER. 3.1) - SEE WWW.RSC.ORG/ELECTRONICFILES FOR DETAILSCouncilor
Vivian W.W. Yam
Department of Chemistry,The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam
Road
Hong Kong
http://chem.hku.hk/~chemhome/staff/wwwyam/vwwyam.htm
Director and Project Coordinator,
Areas of Excellence (AoE) Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
http://imfm.chem.hku.hk/
Councilor
Sunao Yamada
Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Engineering,
Kyushu University
Motooka, Nishi-ku,Fukuoka
http://photochem.cstm.kyushu-u.ac.jp/
Councilor
Guoqiang Yang
Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
Institute of Chemistry,
Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing
http://lpcas.iccas.ac.cn/english/aboutus.asp
Councilor
Jye-Shane Yang
Department of Chemistry
National Taiwan University
No 1 Sec 4 Roosevelt Rd
Taipei
http://www.ch.ntu.edu.tw/faculty.db/en/faculty_personal_01.php?id=44
Councilor
Kyung Byung Yoon
Department of Chemistry
Sogang University
Seoul
http://www.k-cap.or.kr/e_index.html

The constitution of the APA is added in the appendix.
55

2.

Birth of the APA

A year before the establishment, the Asian and Oceanian Photochemistry Association(APA) was actually born in 2001 at a kick-off meeting at Kanazawa, Japan, which washeld during the Asian Symposium as one of the international program in the annual
meeting of the Japanese Photochemistry Association (JPA) in early September. The kick60 off meeting was co-organized by Dr. Hiroshi Masuhara as the President of the JPA and
Dr. Keitaro Yoshihara as the organizer of the JPA meeting. Key members from Australia(K. Ghiggino), China (C.H. Tung), Hong Kong (V.W.W. Yam), India (S. Das), Japan(H.
Inoue, O. Ito, K. Mizuno, H. Masuhara, K. Obi, K. Shibuya, K. Tokumaru, K. Tsujimoto,K. Yoshihara) and Korea (S. Shim, M. Yoon) got together at the meeting. Upon strong
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leadership of each member and their concrete agreement on a conceptual discussion, aconstitution was drafted among the members. Dr. Masuhara was appointed to be aninterim President of the APA among the members. A year later after the kick-off meetingat Kanazawa, the Asian and Oceanian Photochemistry Association (APA) officiallystarted in 2002, when the 3rd Asian Photochemistry Conference (APC) was held duringthth
70 6 -11, January at Mumbai, India, organized by Dr. Jai Pal Mittal. In the general
assembly of the APC, the foundation of the Asian and Oceanian Photochemistry
Association was formally decided according to the steady, vivid, and enthusiastic streamof motivation among most scientists of Asia and Oceania area in the field ofphotochemistry. Now the APA has, thus, ten years history and the number of theth
75 members is more than 1100 as of 30
March 2012 as the largest photochemistry
association in the world. It has now eight Society members such as Australia and New
Zealand, China, Hong-Kong, India, Japan, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan.
65

3. Pre-history of the APA
80

The birth of the APA has been of course a necessary conclusion of the scientific streamof the activity in Asian and Oceanian area in the past several decades. The pre-history
had started more than 40 years ago, when the European Photochemistry Association(EPA: http://www.photochemistry.eu/) and the Inter-American Photochemical
Association (I-APS: http://www.chemistry.mcmaster.ca/~iaps/) had been established.

3.1 Regional Photochemistry Associations
In resonance with the movement of forming the photochemistry association in Europe
and America, scientists in the field of photochemistry in Japan were strongly prompted tohave also a photochemical society in Asia/Japan as the counterpart of those in Europe
and America. In 1976 Dr. Toshio Mukai, a professor at Tohoku University, proposed his
90 idea with much enthusiasm in the general assembly of the Japanese Symposium on
Photochemistry, which has been held annually, to found theJapanese Photochemistry Association at first prior to a startingan Association in Asia and Oceania area. His proposal was well
accepted and fully agreed among the Japanese scientists in the
95 fieldof photochemistry. The Japanese Photochemistry
Association (JPA) as the first photochemistry association in
Asia, thus, formally started in the next year 1977. Dr. Ikuzo
Tanaka, a professor at Tokyo institute of Technology, waselected as the Founding President and the Vice President was
100 Dr. T. Mukai. From the beginning of the JPA, many of theDr. Ikuzo Tanaka
core members, especially the successive Presidents of the JPA
The Founding President
such as Drs. Tanaka, Sakurai, Honda, Mukai, Matsuura, Baba,of the JPA (1977-79)
Tokumaru, Maruyama, and Fujishima have been expecting tostart an Asian and Oceanian Photochemistry Association to
105 promote a scientific activity in the area with strong cooperation
with many active scientific leaders in the field ofphotochemistry in Asia and Oceania such as Dr. S. C. Shim andDr. M. Yoon in Korea, Dr. C. H. Tung in China, Dr. J.P. Mittaland Dr. S. Das in India, Dr. V.W.W. Yam in Hong-Kong, and
110 Dr. K. Ghiggino in Australia, et.al. It should be noted here thata year before the kick-off meeting in 2001, Dr. Hideo Tomioka,
a professor of chemistry at Mie University had visited Asian
countries to explore the possibility of starting thephotochemistry association in Asia as an informal JPA
Dr. Toshio Mukai
115 ambassador
to each region. Subsequently other regional
The 3rd President ofphotochemical associations have been established in India
the JPA (1983-85)(1985), Korea (1993), Taiwan, Hong-Kong, and Australia and85[journal], [year], [vol], 00–00 | 5This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry [year]

CREATED USING THE RSC REPORT TEMPLATE (VER. 3.1) - SEE WWW.RSC.ORG/ELECTRONICFILES FOR DETAILSNew Zealand, Singapore, in succession.
3.2 Conferences and meetings
Along with the movements before the birth of the APA, many series of conferences onphotochemistry had been held since late 1980’s. One of the typical examples is theJapan-Sino Bi-national Symposium on Photochemistry. It had started at Tokyo in 1988
as a triennial bilateral symposium by a leadership of Dr. K. Honda and Dr. T. Matsuura
125 as the President of the JPA and Dr. Z. Zhao at the Institute of Photographic Science in
China. The symposium had been held in alteration among Japan and China. Anotherexamples is the Symposium on Intelligent Electrophotonic Materials and MolecularElectronics (SIEMME), which has been held annually in China since 1994 under thestrong leadership of Dr. A. Fujishima at University of Tokyo and Z. Liu at Beijing
130 University. These symposiums have actually been stimulating the scientific activities inphotochemistry and photon-related science in Asian area. Many senior and young
scientists have been involved. A forming an association/society on photochemistry in
Asia and Oceania had thus been becoming a naturally inevitable movement.
120

3.3 The Asian Photochemistry Conference (APC)
In 1996 a historical scientific meeting was firstly organized by Dr. Hiroyuki Hiraoka at
Hong-Kong. The meeting was vice-chaired by Dr. Vivian W.W. Yam and started as the
1st Asian Photochemistry Conference (APC). The APC has been succeeded by strong
support of leaders in photochemistry such as Drs. A. Fujishima, H. Shizuka, H. Masuhara,
140 and O. Ito. The successive APC has been held for 5 times so far, at Daejeon, Korea(1999), Mumbai, India (2002), Taipei (2005), Beijing, China (2008), and Wellington,
New Zealand (2010). The 7th APC shall be held at Osaka this year (2012). The APC has
been an international conference for the experts working in the fields of photochemistry
and related areas all over the world.
rd
145 As described above, the APA was formally established at the 3
APC in Mumbai, India,
and the APC became an official international symposium of the APA. The history of the
APC is summarized in Table.
135

150

Table History of the Asian and Oceanian Photochemistry Association (APA) including
pre-history and other movements surrounding the APA.

Year

The Asian and Oceanian The Asian
Photochemistry
Photochemistry
Association (APA)
Conference (APC)

Other movements
surrounding the APA

The European
Photochemistry
Association (EPA)

Before1977

The Inter-American
Photochemical Society(I-APS)1977

The JapanesePhotochemistry
Association (JPA)1984

Indian Society for
Radiation andPhotochemical

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1988

The 1st Japan-Sino
Binational Symposiumon Photochemistry

1993

Korean Society of
Photoscience (KSP)

1994

The 1st Symposium onIntelligent
Electrophotonic
Materials andMolecular Electronics(SIEMME)1996

The 1st APC at Hong
Kong
(Organized by H. Hiraoka
and vice-chaired by
V.W.W. Yam)

1999

The 2nd APC at Daejeon,
Korea (Organized by S.C.
Shim)
The launch of the
Journal of
Photochemistry andPhotobiology, C,
Photochemistry
Reviews as the official
journal of the JPA

2000

2001

Kick-Off meeting of the
APA at Kanazawa, Japan(Organized by H. Masuhara
and K. Yoshihara)
The interim President:
H. Masuhara
The launch of
Photochemical &Photobiological
Sciences as the official
The 1st term: 2002-2004 The 3rd APC at Mumbai, journal of the European
President: H. Masuhara
India (Organized by J.P. Photochemistry
Association (EPA), theVice President: J. P. Mittal, Mittal)
European Society for
S.C. Shim (-April 2002),
Photobiology (ESP),
M. Yoon (April 2002-2004)
the Asia and Oceania
Secretary Treasurer:
Society for
H. Inoue
Photobiology (AOSP)
and the Korean Society
Establishment of the APA
in the 3rd APC at Mumbai,
India

2002

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CREATED USING THE RSC REPORT TEMPLATE (VER. 3.1) - SEE WWW.RSC.ORG/ELECTRONICFILES FOR DETAILSof Photoscience (KSP)The XXI International
Conference on
Photochemistry atNara, Japan, in 2003
(ICP-2003)

2003

The XX IUPAC
Symposium on
Photochemistry at
Kyoto, Japan (Photo
IUPAC 2004)

2004

The 1st Korea-Japan
Symposium on Frontier
Photoscience (KJFP)

2005

The 2nd term: 2005-2007
The XXII International
President: J.P. Mittal
Conference on
Vice President: C.H. Tung, The 4th APC at Taipei Photochemistry at
M. Yoon(Organized by S.H.Lin Cairns, Australia (ICPSecretary Treasurer: K.
2005)
and C.C. Liao)
MizunoPacifichem 2005 at
Hawaii2006

The 30th anniversary of
the JPA2008

The 3rd term: 2008-2010
President: H. Inoue
Vice President: K.
Ghiggino, M. Yoon
Secretary Treasurer:
H. Miyasaka

The 5th APC at Beijing,
China (Organized by C.H.
Tung)

The Asian Seminar at
Kawasaki, Japan2009

The 1st International
Forum on Photoenergy
Future (IFPF)
Pacifichem 2010 at
The 6th APC at
Hawaii
Wellington, New Zealand(Organized by K.
Ghiggino and G. Smith)

2010

2011

The 4th term: 2011-2012
President: M. Yoon
Vice President:
H. Fukumura, K. Ghiggino
Secretary Treasurer:

The XXV International
Conferenceon
PhotochemistryatBeijing, China (ICP2011)

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H. Miyasaka

2012

155

The 7th APC at Osaka,
Japan (Organized by T.
Majima and N. Kitamura)

4. Activities of the APA and the regional societies in Asia andOceania
Since its formal foundation in 2002, the APA has been devoting its activities tostimulating and promoting co-operation between the Association members, co-ordinationof photochemical meetings in Asia and Oceania, and scientific publications. Eachregional society in Asia and Oceania has also developed much activities as follows.

160

4.1 The Asian Photochemistry Conference (APC)
As described above (3.3), the APA was formally established at the 3rd APC in Munbai,
Inidia, and the APC became an official international symposium of the APA. Initially the
APC had been held triennually since the 1st APC in Hong Kong (1996) to the 5th one inth
165 Beijing (2008), it has grown into a biennial one at the 6 APC in Wellington (2010) andth
the 7 APC will be held at Osaka (November, 2012).
4.2 Awards system
The APA has been recognizing distinguished scientists in Asia and Oceania by
170 honoring with four kinds of award, prize, and lectureship award, respectively.
1) The APA award
The APA recognized distinguished scientists for his/her scientific contribution andachievement. The laureates of the APA award are as follows.
175

180

Year

Laureate

2005

Akira Fujishima (Tokyo)
Yuan-Tseh Lee (Taipei)
Jai Pal Mittal (Mumbai)

2008

Kankan Bhattacharyya (Kolkata)
Isao Saito (Kyoto) Chen-Ho
Tung (Beijing)

2010

Yuan-Pern Lee (Hsinchu)
Hiroshi Masuhara (Nara)

2) The award for the distinguished contribution to the APA
The APA recognizes scientists for his/her distinguished contribution to the APA.
The laureates of the award are as follows.
Year

Laureate

2008

Haruo Shizuka (Kiryu)
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Keitaro Yoshihara (Nagoya)2010

Jai Pal Mittal (Mumbai)
Katsumi Tokumaru (Tsukuba)

185

190

195

200

3) The APA Prize for young scientists
The APA recognizes scientists younger than 40 years old for his/her scientificactivities. The prize winners are as follows.
Year

Laureate

2005

Hirendra Nath Ghosh (Mumbai)
Kohji Hatanaka (Sendai)Sung Ho Jin (Pusan)
Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo (Hong Kong)
Shinsuke Takagi (Tokyo)
Jye-Shane Yang (Taipei)

2008

Yasuyuki Araki (Sendai)
Yasuaki Einaga (Tokyo)
Jim Jr-Min Lin (Taipei)
Hajime Maeda (Sakai)
Kei Ohkubo (Osaka)
Xuesong Wang (Beijing)

2010

Vasudevan Pillai Biju (Takamatsu)
Seong-Ju Hwang (Seoul)
Seiya Kobatake (Osaka)
Jyotirmayee Mohanty (Mumbai)
Man-Chung Wong (Hong Kong)
Tomoyuki Yatsuhashi (Osaka)

2011

Katsuyoshi Ikeda (Sapporo)
Syoji Ito (Osaka)Cheng Yang (Osaka)4) Masuhara Lectureship Award
In honor of Dr. Hiroshi Masuhara, the Founding President of the APA, the APA
will start “Masuhara Lectureship Award” at the 7th APC (Osaka, November 2012).
A distinguished scientists shall be awarded to deliver a lecture in the APC.
4.3 Scientific publications
In the stream of firm promotion of scientific activities on photochemistry andphoton-related science in Asia and Oceania, two regional societies, the Japanese

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Photochemistry Association (JPA) and the Korean Society of Photoscience (KSP),
have been contributing publishing official journals of their association/society.
205

1)

The
Journalof
PhotochemistryandPhotobiology, C, Photochemistry Reviews
The JPA had launched a review journal on
photochemistry, Photochemitry Reviews, as theofficial journal the JPA in 2001 from Elsevier, justbefore the birth of the APA.
The founding
Editor-in-Chief was Dr. Akira Fujisihima and thecorresponding associate editor was Dr. Haruo
Inoue. The impact factor in 2011 is 10.810.
(http://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-ofphotochemistry-and-photobiology-cphotochemistry-reviews/)

2)

Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences
The Korean Society of Photoscience (KSP) had
joined the publication of Photochemical &Photobiological Sciences from the Royal Societyof Chemistry. It was launched in 2002 as theofficial journal each society/association of theEuropean Photochemistry Association (EPA), theEuropean Society for Photobiology (ESP), theAsia and Oceania Society for Photobiology(AOSP) and the Korean Society of Photoscience(KSP). The impact factor in 2011 is 2.378.
(http://pubs.rsc.org/en/journals/journalissues/pp)

210

215

220

225

230

4.4 Laureates of the Porter Medal
The Porter Medal, named for the late George Porter FRS, Nobel Laureate, isawarded biennually to the scientist who in the opinion of the European
235
Photochemistry Association (EPA), the Inter-American Photochemistry Society (IAPS), and the Asian and Oceanian Photochemistry Association (APA), has
contributed most to the science of photochemistry with particular emphasis on more
physical aspects, reflecting George Porter’s own interests. Three distingusihedscientists, Dr. Ken-ichi Honda, Dr. Noboru Mataga, and Dr. Hiroshi Masuhara
240
received the Porter Medal so far from Asia and Oceania area.

245

Dr. Ken-ichi Honda
Laureate of Porter Medalin 1992.

Dr. Noboru Mataga
Laureate of Porter Medalin 1996.

Dr. Hiroshi Masuhara
Laureate of Porter Medalin 2006.

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250

255

260

265

After the birth of the APA, many international conferences and meetings on
photochemistry have come to be held pretty frequently in Asia and Oceania area. The
XXI International Conference on Photochemistry was co-organized by Dr. Kin-ichi
Obi and Dr. Hiroshi Masuhara at Nara, Japan, in 2003 (ICP-2003), the XXII one(ICP-2005) was organized by Dr. Kenneth Ghiggino at Cairns, Australia, and theXXV one (ICP-2011) was held at Beijing, China, by Dr. Chen-Ho Tung as theorganizer. Successively the XX IUPAC Symosium on Photochemistry (Photo
IUPAC 2004) was organized by Dr. Masahiro Irie at Kyoto, Japan, in 2004, which
was held for the first time in Asia. the Korea-Japan Symposium on Frontier
Photoscience has been organized by Dr. Minjoong. Yoon at Chungnam National
University and Dr. Tetsuro. Majima at Osaka University since 2004 as an annual
bilateral symposium between Korea and Japan. Drs. Sang Ook Kang and Chong Jin
Pac at Korea University also organized the International Forum on Photoenergy
Future (IFPF) since 2009. In the same year, Dr. Akira Fujishima, Dr. Haruo Inoue,and Dr. Minjoong Yoon co-organized the Asian Seminar with Dr. Katsuhiko Takagi
as the secretary general in Kawasaki, Japan, under auspices of Japan Society ofPromotion of Science (JSPS). In addition to those international conferences, in the
Pachifichem 2005 and 2010 many symposiums have been organized by scientificleaders in Asia and Oceania area as well as other active symposiums/conferences.

270

Apendix

Revised on August 8, 2011275

Constitution of the Asian and Oceanian Photochemistry
Association

1. Name
The Asian and Oceanian Photochemistry Association (APA) shall be hereafter referred to
280 as "the Association".
2. Objectives
a. The Association has been established to promote and encourage the international
development of photochemistry and related subjects with special reference to Asian285
and Oceanian countries.
b. In particular, the aims to be pursued by the Association are:i. Promotion of co-operation between the Association members in universities,
research institution and industries through international contacts and exchange ofscientists.
290
ii. Co-ordination of photochemical meetings in Asia and Oceania, including the
Asian Photochemistry Conference.
iii. Promotion of photochemical literature.

295

3. Membership
Membership of the Association shall be opened to 1) the national and regionalsocieties, or 2) persons who are willing to accomplish the objectives described in Article2.

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a.

300

Society membership: All members who belong to each society are assigned as
individuals of Society membership. If the national or regional society does not exist,a group consisting of more than ten persons is referred as a society member.
b. Personal membership: An individual who does not belong to a Society membership.

4. Council and Executives
a. The Association shall be administered by a Council consisting of Councillors fromeach member society. The number of Councillors from a society shall be inaccordance with the society categories classified by the numbers of members.
Category I (11-50), II (51-100), III (101-300), and IV (301 and more) have 1, 2, 3,
and 4 numbers of Councillors, respectively.
310
The society shall appoint the Councillors representing each society. If a society
does not exist, the Councillor shall be co-opted from among the Association
members in that country.
b. Executive Committee consists of a President, 2 Vice-Presidents, and SecretaryTreasurer.
315 c.
The Executive members will be elected by Councillors at a Meeting of the Council.
Executive members shall hold office for one two-year term. No member of the
Executive shall serve more than two terms. The President shall serve for one twoyear term and shall not be eligible for re-election as President.
d. The Council and Executive shall meet at least once in every two years.
320 e.
If the Councillor for a particular society is unable to attend a meeting of the Council,
an alternate may be appointed by the society or co-opted from among the
Association members of that society.
305

325

5. Finances
The finances of the Association shall consist of the following.
a. Society membership fees,
b. Personal membership fees,c. Donations received by the Association with the permission of the Executive
Committee.

330

The Council will determine the fees for (a) and (b) periodically. In the event ofdissolution of the Association, its funds shall be dispersed among the member inaccordance with their accumulated number of unit contributions.
335

340

6. Changes to the Constitution
Changes to the Constitution shall be communicated in writing to the President at least
six months prior to a Council meeting.
A change to the Constitution shall require a two-thirds majority vote of all thoseeligible to vote at Council meetings. Voting may be by mail or proxy.

Information on the membership fee.
345

The membership fee is 3 US$ / member / year.
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This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry [year]

CREATED USING THE RSC REPORT TEMPLATE (VER. 3.1) - SEE WWW.RSC.ORG/ELECTRONICFILES FOR DETAILSFor the society member, APA will send an invoice of the membership fee to the society.
The local society will pay for the membership fee corresponding to the number of thesociety members to APA.
350 For the local group member, APA will send an invoice of the membership fee to therepresentative member of the local group. The representative member will pay for themembership fee corresponding to the number of the local group members to APA.
For the personal member, APA will send an invoice of the membership fee to eachmember. The member will pay for the membership fee to APA.
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This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry [year]