Version 1.1 (29 July 2024)
Formatting Guide
Complete the following checklist to ensure your submission follows the journal guidelines and meets thepublisher’s (Wiley) format standards.
*The following checklist must be followed before publication and, if necessary, revisions will be requested.
METADATA
Metadata entered into the online system should be the same as the uploaded manuscript (i.e.. title,authors, abstract, and keywords).
MANUSCRIPT
Title pageThe corresponding author’s information (including email address) should be indicated.
Main text
All tables and figures (including Supporting Information and Appendices) should be numbered in theorder they first appear in the text.
Equations that appear on separate lines are numbered consecutively.
Do not abbreviate genus names at the first mention in the abstract, main text, and each figure/tablecaption.
Abbreviations/acronyms should be defined in the abstract, main text, and each figure/table caption.
Use periods for decimal points. Do not use commas as substitutes. Same for figures/tables.
The style of units (e.g., “g/m2” or “g m-2”) should be consistent throughout the manuscript. Same for
figures/tables.
Surround a unit in round parentheses “()”, rather than square brackets “[]”. Same for figures/tables.
Space is needed between a value and a unit (e.g. “10 g”, not “10g”). Same for figures/tables.
Figure captions
The figure captions section is necessary after the references in the manuscript.
Explain the parts of a figure so that the contents can be understandable without reference to the maintext. If the figure contains multiple panels, each panel should be described.
FiguresRequirements for figure files
Save figures in separate files.
The file name should include the figure number.
Save figures composed of multiple panels as one file. Do not separate by panel.
EPS or PDF (for line art) and TIFF (for image) formats are preferred. For TIFF files, figures should becreated in good picture quality and sufficient resolution (≥ 300 dpi at 80-180 mm in width, or at least
1800 pixels wide).
Formatting requirements
Use black text in normal style (no italic, bold, or underlined) as much as possible, and use a sans-serif
font (Helvetica or Arial preferred). As a rule, however, scientific names should be italicized.
The font should be adjusted to a size that is easy to read. The standard is more than 8 points in theprinted size (80-180 mm in width).
For character strings, the first letter should be uppercase, and subsequent letters should be lowercase(e.g. “Number of species”, not “Number of Species”).
Lines should be adjusted to a thickness that is easy to read. The standard is 0.75 or thicker.
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In the case of a figure containing multiple panels, panel labels should be provided for each panel asnecessary. Lowercase Roman letters with round parentheses are recommended.
Reduce unnecessary space by adjusting the size and position of panels and/or graph legends.
[For maps] See Appendix 1 for good examples
Important information should be clearly distinguished from their background.
Geographical coordinates and compass points are necessary for large-scale maps.
Scale bars are necessary for small-scale maps.
[For Satellite or aerial images] See Appendix 2 for good examples
Indicate attribution in the caption or clearly in the figure even if a credit is already baked into the image.
[For Charts/ Graph] See Appendix 3 for good examples
Axis labels are needed for each axis.
Tick-marks of scales are necessary.
Show tick-mark labels horizontally.
Use the same number of display digits after the decimal points within axes.
The axis scales should be set to cover all data (including outliers) that the figure shows.
Consider using symbols or bars with different shapes or patterns to ensure they are easily distinguishable
for readers of black-and-white manuscripts, if possible.
[For Photographs] See Appendix 4 for good examples
When texts or symbols are inserted into a photograph, adjust the design or color so that they are
distinguishable.
Add scale bars as necessary.
TablesTables should be provided in editable format in the main text not pasted as images. Submissions in Excel
files will also be accepted.
Show numerical values with the same number of digits after the decimal point within a column.
Supporting Information (SI)SI is additional material provided separately from the main text to support the manuscript, whereas theAppendix is content included in the manuscript and published after the references.
Should be in a separate file from the main text, such as Word, Excel, or PDF, and should be combined
into a single file to the extent possible. Audio and video files, such as MP4, MOV, etc., are also
acceptable.
Tables and figures should be numbered separately from those of the main text (i.e., Table S1, Table S2,… and Figure S1, Figure S2…). Other SI (e.g., document, sound data, movie etc.) should be numbered
SI 1, SI 2…
Provide the title of the paper, the author’s name and affiliations, and correspondence details on the firstpage.
When submitting R or other program codes and the data files as SI, the series of files required for theprogram should be zipped together in a single file.
Graphical abstract figure and text See Appendix 5 for good examples
Submit a graphical abstract figure and a text summary of 2-3 sentences. This helps readers gain an
overview of your article. The figure can be a photo, diagram, infographic, movie, etc. You may use oneof the figures included in your manuscript.
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Appendix 1: Good Examples of Maps
Panel label (lowercase Roman letters with round parentheses)
Compass points

Geographical coordinates

Scale bar

DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12367

Appendix 2: Good Examples of Satellite / Aerial Images
Scale barCompass points

Attribution
Geographical coordinates

DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12325

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Appendix 3: Good examples of Charts/ Graph
Unit in round parentheses

Tick-marks

Uppercase in the first letter

Considerations for black and white printing

Panel label

DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12385

Axis labels

Explanation of the parts
Reduction of unnecessary space by adjusting
the size and position of panels

DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12430

4Appendix 3: Good examples of Charts/ Graph (Continued)

Enough font size
Black and normal sans-serif font

Axis scales covering all data

DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12408

Same number of display digits after the decimal points
within axes

Considerations for black and white printing

DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12342

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Appendix 4: Good Examples of Photographs
Distinguishable text

DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12442
Scale bar

Scale bar

DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12389
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Appendix 5: Good examples of Graphical abstract figure and text

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