Flipped Classroom Instructional Models
Department of international Cooperation for
Medical Education
2022.07.20
Wu HanContents
01

What is Flipped Classroom

02

What advantages of Flipped Classroom

03

Problems and challenges

04The In medical education

What is Flipped Classroom

The flipped or inverted classroom is a new and popular instructional model, in
which activities traditionally conducted in the classroom (e.g., contentpresentation) become home activities, and activities normally constituting
homework become classroom activities.

Bergmann, J., & Sams, A. (2012). Flip your classroom: Reach every student in every class every day. USA: International
Society for Technology in Education.

What is Flipped Classroomn Flipped classrooms are centeredaround the students – not theteacher.
n Student-centered learning embodies
a set of theories that include: activelearning, peer-assisted learning, andcollaborative learning.

Lai, C.-L., & Hwang, G.-J. (2016). A self-regulated flipped classroom approach to improving students‘ learning
performance in a mathematics course. Computers & Education, 100, 126–140.

What is Flipped Classroom

Active learning“any instructional method thatengages students in thelearning process”

Peer-assisted learning“the acquisition of knowledge
and skills through active helping
and supporting among status
equals or matched companions”

Collaborative learning“ a situation in which learners
interact in a collaborative way ”

Bhagat, K. K., Chang, C.-N., & Chang, C.-Y. (2016). The impact of the flipped classroom on mathematics concept learningin school. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 19(3), 134–142.

What is Flipped Classroom

•••
•
•

Discussion
Small group activities
Feedback
Problem solving
Questions and answers• Videos• Readings• Quizzes

What advantages of Flipped Classroom

Six inductive categories were created for the advantages ：learner outcomes
pedagogical contributions
dispositions
interaction
time efficiency
otherWhat advantages of Flipped Classroom

learner outcomes

One of the most significant advantages of this model is that it helps toimprove learning performance, which is one of the key elements ofquality education.

Leo, J., & Puzio, K. (2016). Flipped instruction in a high school science classroom. Journal of Science Education andTechnology, 25(5), 775–781.

What advantages of Flipped Classroom

learner outcomesp Also the flipped model alsoenhances student satisfaction (18%)
and their level of engagement.
p Advantages such as enhancing
confidence, promoting creativity,and increasing problem solving skills
were reported by a few researchers.

Leo, J., & Puzio, K. (2016). Flipped instruction in a high school science classroom. Journal of Science Education andTechnology, 25(5), 775–781.

What advantages of Flipped Classroom

pedagogical contributions

p The most prominent pedagogicalcontribution of the flippedclassroom is its flexibilityp Can pause, rewind, and review
lectures using technology
p Enabling individualized learning andenhancing student enjoyment of thelectures

He, W., Holton, A., Farkas, G., & Warschauer, M. (2016). The effects of flipped instruction on out-of-class study time,
exam performance, and student perceptions.

What advantages of Flipped Classroom

Dispositions, interaction, time
efficiency & otherp Students had positive perceptions
towards flipped classrooms
p Increases in students-instructor
interactionp Ability to use class time more
efficiently

McEvoy, C. S., Cantore, K. M., Denlinger, L. N., Schleich, M. A., Stevens, N. M., Swavely, S. C., ... Novick, M. B. (2016). Use of medical students
in a flipped classroom programme in nutrition education for fourth-grade school students. Health Education Journal, 75(1), 38–46.

Problems and challenges

The most commonly reported problem is students‘ limited preparation
before class time. If a student does not take time to study at home, s/he
may not perform well in the classroom activities, and this may diminish
the advantages of the flipped classroom.

Lo, C. K., & Hew, K. F. (2017). A critical review of flipped classroom challenges in K-12 education: Possible solutions and recommendations
for future research. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 12(4), 1–22.

Problems and challenges

From the students'
perspective
the flipped model requires more time and work:n This model prompts students to preview thelearning materials for better in-class participationn some of the students acquired passive learning
habits from the traditional classroom, wherelearning requires less time and wor
n a relatively new approach, can cause problems
such as anxiety, adoption problems, andresistance to change.

Hung, H.-T. (2015). Flipping the classroom for English language learners to foster active learning. Computer Assisted Language Learning,28(1), 81–96.

Problems and challenges

From the students'
perspective

From the teachers'
perspective

the flipped model requires more time and work:

might require more time and workload:n This model prompts students to preview then Pre-recording video lectures and preparing otherlearning materials for better in-class participationn Some of the students acquired passive learning

flipped model materials is time consuming forteachers.

habits from the traditional classroom, wherelearning requires less time and workn A relatively new approach, can cause problems
such as anxiety, adoption problems, andn The actual time needed to prepare flipped course
materials can be nearly six times more than
traditional course preparation

resistance to change.

Hwang, G.-J., & Tsai, C.-C. (2011). Research trends in mobile and ubiquitous learning: A review of publications in selected journals from 2001
to 2010. British Journal of Educational Technology, 42(4), E65–E70.

In medical education

Galway L P, Corbett K K, Takaro T K, et al. A novel integration of online and flipped classroom instructional models in public health highereducation[J]. BMC medical education, 2014, 14(1): 1-9.

In medical education

Galway L P, Corbett K K, Takaro T K, et al. A novel integration of online and flipped classroom instructional models in public health highereducation[J]. BMC medical education, 2014, 14(1): 1-9.

In medical education

This instructional model should be considered for more widespreadexperimentation in the context of public health higher education andbeyond.
flipping’ the classroom is not simply about shifting lectures outside of theclassroom. ‘Flipping’ the classroom involves seeing students as activelearners, shifting control of both learning and the classroom from theinstructor to the students; it should promote a focus on higher-ordercognitive work.
more research is needed to understand the role of reflection in theflipped classroom instructional model.
Galway L P, Corbett K K, Takaro T K, et al. A novel integration of online and flipped classroom instructional models in public health higher
education[J]. BMC medical education, 2014, 14(1): 1-9.

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