ASCER
Spanish Ceramic Tiles
Environmental
Product
Declaration

Date of issue:
Expiry date:2024-09-16
2029-09-16

Declared validity is subject to registration and publicationin www.aenor.com

UNE-ISO 14025:2006
UNE-EN 15804:2012+A2:2020
UNE-EN 17160:2019

Register code: GlobalEPD EN 17160 - 035

2

A Verified Environmental Declaration

The EPD holder is responsible for the content of the Declaration. The holder is
responsible for keeping the records and documents supporting the content of the
Declaration
Holder of the Declaration

ASCER – Asociación Española de Fabricantes de Azulejos y Pavimentos Cerámicos
Rda. Circunvalación, 186
Tel.
(+34) 964 72 72 00
12003 Castelló de la Plana
Mail
global@ascer.es
Castellón (Spain)Web
https://portal.ascer.es/

LCA Study
Instituto de Tecnología Cerámica – (ITCAICE) Campus Universitario Riu Sec
Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n
12006, Castellón,Spain

Tel.
(+34) 964 34 24 24
Mail sostenibilidad@itc.uji.es
Web www.itc.uji.es

Operator of the Global EPD Programme
AENOR CONFïA, S.A.U.
C/ Génova 628004 – Madrid
Spain

Tel.
Mail
Web

(+34) 902 102 201
aenordap@aenor.com
www.aenor.com

AENOR is a founding member of ECO Platform, the European Association of Environmental Declarations verification Programmes

UNE-EN 17160:2020
The Standard UNE-EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 serve as the basis for the PCR
Independent verification of the declaration and data, according to ISO 14025:2010☐ Internal☒External

Verification body

The Certification Body is accredited by ENAC. 1/C-PR468

GlobalEPD EN 17160 - 035

3

1. General information

1.1.

The organization

The main objective of ASCER (Spanish
Ceramic Tile Manufacturers’ Association) is
to support, defend and promote the generaland common interests of the ceramic tileindustry, as well as to offer its associates
valuable services and help them to improvethe management of their companies and tocreate sustainable competitive advantages.
ASCER activities are based on the need orcall for joint action in those areas in which
companies are unable to successfully
tackle individually, or which require a
considerable financial outlay. The highrepresentativeness of the Association as
well as the geographical concentration of
the companies (95% of the production in
the province of Castellon) guarantee thatany activity will have an immediate and a
global diffusion of the sector.
1.2.

Scope of the declaration

This Environmental Product Declaration(EPD) describes average environmental
information relating to the life cycle ofceramic tiles manufactured by thecompanies associated with the Spanish
Ceramic Tile Manufacturers’ Association,
ASCER. The scope of this EPD is cradle tograve.
The results of the Life Cycle Assessment(LCA) underpinning this EPD are based on
the data provided by the manufacturers of
55% of the national ceramic tile production.
The results shown are considered
representative of the companies associatedwith ASCER, in a geographical andtechnological environment of Spain 2022.

1.3.

Life cycle and complianceThis EPD has been developed and verified inaccordance with EN ISO 14025:2006 and EN
15804:2012+A2:2019 and EN 17160:2019
Product Category Rules for Ceramic Tiles

INFORMATION ABOUT PRODUCT CATEGORY RULES
Descriptive title

UNE-EN 17160:2019. ProductCategory Rules for Ceramic Tiles

Registration codeand version

UNE-EN 17160:2019

Publication date2019

Compliance

UNE-EN 15804:2012+A2:2020

Operator of theProgramme

AENOR

A Verified Environmental Declaration
This Environmental Declaration includes
the following life cycle stages:

Use

Construction

Product
Stage

System boundaries. Information modules
considered

End of Life

4

X

A1

Raw materials supply

A2

Transport

A3

Manufacturing

A4

Transport of the productX

A5

Installation and construction
processes

X

B1

Use

X

B2

Maintenance

X

B3

RepairX

B4

Replacement

X

B5

Refurbishment

X

B6

Use of energy in service

X

B7

Use of water in service

X

C1

Deconstruction

X

C2

Transport

X

C3

Waste management

X

C4

Waste disposal

X

D

Potential for reuse,recovery and recyclingof materials

X = Module included in the LCA

X
X

X

This EPD may not be comparable with thosedeveloped in other Programmes or according
to different reference documents, in particular
it may not be comparable with EPDs notdeveloped according to EN 15804+A2.
Similarly, this EPD may not be comparable if
the origin of the data is different (e.g.
databases), not all relevant information
modules are included or they are not based on
the same scenarios.
The comparison of construction products
should be done on the same function, applying
the same functional unit and at the level of thebuilding (or architectural or engineering work),
i.e. including the behaviour of the productthroughout its life cycle, as well as the
specifications of section 6.7.2 of the ISO
14025 standard.

GlobalEPD EN 17160 - 035

5

2. Product information

2.1.

Product information

This EPD provides average environmental
informationonceramic
coverings
manufactured
byASCER
membercompanies.
Ceramic tiles are thin slabs, generally used
for covering surfaces in the construction
sector, manufactured from a mixture of
inorganic materials of a plastic and nonplastic nature that undergo grinding and/or
kneading, are shaped and then dried andfired at a temperature sufficient for them tostably acquire the properties required fortheir use (EN 14411:2016). This productcategory
also
includesmosaics,
complementary and special pieces, which
can be of very different sizes and shapes,
even non-flat. In short, those ceramic
coverings defined by standard EN
14411:2016 (equivalent to standard ISO
13006:2018).
The ceramic tiles presented in this EPD
have an average weight of 20.7 kg/m2.
Los recubrimientos presentados en esta
DAP tienen un peso medio de
The CPC code of the product is 37370.
2.2.

Product technical features

This
EPD
collects
environmental
information on ceramic coverings formedby dry pressing or extrusion, intended for
flooring and/or wall and façade cladding,both indoors and outdoors.

For the marketing of the product in theEuropean Union/European Free Trade
Association (EU/EFTA) (with the exception of
Switzerland) Regulation (EU) No 305/2011(CPR) applies. The product needs a
declaration of performance taking into accountEN 14411:2016 Ceramic tiles. Definitions,classification, characteristics, assessment andverification of constancy of performance, andmarking - and CE marking. For application anduse, EN 14411:2016 applies, which groups the
products according to forming mode (A:extrusion and B: dry pressing) and water
absorption group into: BIa, BIb, BIIa, BIIb, BIII,
AIa, AIb, AIIa, AIIb, AIIb, AIII.
The performance of ceramic tiles varies
according to the type of product. The main
characteristics
andthecorresponding
performance values and/or ranges covered by
the standard, depending on the tile group,
include:• Water absorption according to ISO
10545-3 test: between 0.0 and > 10 %.
• Modulus of rupture according to ISO
10545-4 test: 8 - 35 N/mm2 (minimum
value according to group)• Breaking strength according to ISO
10545-4 test: 600 - 1300 N (minimum
value according to group)• Abrasion resistance of glazed tiles
according to ISO 10545-7: class 0 - 5• Abrasion resistance of unglazed tiles
according to ISO 10545-6: maximum
2365 mm3 for extruded tiles and 540 mm3
for pressed tiles.
• Coefficientoflinearthermalexpansion according to ISO 10545-8:
test available (for applications with highthermal variation)• Thermal shock resistance according to
ISO 10545-9: required

6

A Verified Environmental Declaration• Cracking resistance according to ISO
10545- 11: required• Frost resistance according to ISO
10545-12: required for tiles with water
absorption less than or equal to 3%.
• Slip resistance according to the test
established in the national regulationsof destination. In Spain, according to
the Technical Building Code, tiles forfloors in public areas must be tested
according to the pendulum method(UNE 41901) and comply with certain
minimum
requirements/classes
depending on the location.
• Moisture expansion according to ISO
10545-10: declare value• Impact resistance according to ISO
10545-5: test available• Reaction to fire: no test required, class
A1-A1FL• Chemical resistance according to ISO
10545-13: minimum class B (declare class
A - C)• Stain resistance according to ISO 1054514: glazed minimum class 3 and for
unglazed declare value• Emission of cadmium and leadaccording to ISO 10545-15: only whennecessary (e.g. applications where foodpreparation is carried out).
2.3.

Product composition

The composition declared by the manufacturer
is as follows:
Product composition
Substance/component

Content

Body (clays, feldspars, sands, etc.)

97%

Decoration materials (quartz, clays,
feldspars, etc.)

3%

Substances contained in the product that arelisted in the "Candidate List of Substances ofVery High Concern (SVHC) for authorisation"
do not exceed 0.1% by weight of the product.

GlobalEPD EN 17160 - 035

7

3. LCA Information
3.1.
Life Cycle Assessment
The LCA has been carried out with thesupport of the LCA for Experts software(Sphera-GaBi) 10.7.1.28 [7] and with the
database version 2023.2 (SP40.0) [8])(SpheraSolutions). The characterisation
factors used are those included in the EN
15804:2012+A2:2019 standard.
3.2.

Functional unit / declared unit

The main function of this product is to coversurfaces, both floors and walls, indoors andoutdoors, according to the technicalspecifications of each type of covering.
In this EPD, ceramic tiles with water
absorption lower than 10% are considered to
be used as floor coverings, and those withwater absorption higher than 10% areconsidered to be used as wall coverings. In
both cases, the scenario of use consideredin the results is an indoor residential use,
however, the versatility of ceramic tiles
allows their installation as flooring for indoor
and outdoor floors, urban areas, walls,
façades, roofs, etc. and in any type ofbuilding with very different pedestrian traffic
intensities, such as dwellings, offices,
shopping centres, hospitals, educational
centres, etc.
The functional unit considered is "Covering
1 m2 of the interior floor of a dwelling withaverage weight of ceramic tiles, 20.7kg/m2, for 50 years”.
3.3. Reference Service Life (RSL)
The reference service life of the product is thesame as that of the building where it isinstalled, provided it is installed correctly, as
it is a long-lasting product that does not
require replacement.

A useful life of 50 years has been considered,according to the suggestions of the PCRs forceramic tiles.
Reference Service Life

Parameter

Unit (expressed perfunctional unit or per
declared unit)

Reference service life

Minimum 50 years

Declared productproperties (at the gate)
and finishes, etc.

Minimum values of therelevant characteristics
according to EN14411. For
further information, apply forthe manufacturer’s technicaldata sheet, for each model.

Design application
parameters(manufacturer’s
instructions), including
the references toappropriate practices

For further information, apply
for the manufacturer’s
technical data sheet, foreach model.

Assumed quality of work,when installed inaccordance with the
manufacturer’s
instructions

For further information, apply
for the manufacturer’s
technical data sheet, foreach model.

Outdoor environment (foroutdoor applications), e.g.
weathering, pollutants,
UV radiation and windexposure, building
orientation, shading,temperature

Values of the relevantcharacteristics according to
EN 14411. For further
information, apply for the
manufacturer’s technicaldata sheet, for each model.

Indoor environment(indoor applications), e.g.
temperature, moisture,chemical exposure

Values of the relevantcharacteristics according to
EN 14411. For further
information, apply for the
manufacturer’s technicaldata sheet, for each model.

Usage conditions, e.g.
frequency of use,mechanical exposure

For further information, apply
for the manufacturer’s
technical data sheet, foreach model.

Maintenance, e.g.
required frequency, typeand quality andreplacement of
replaceable components

For further information, apply
for the manufacturer’s
technical data sheet, foreach model.

8

A Verified Environmental Declaration

3.4. Cut-off rule and exclusions
All known flows have been included. In total,
more than 95% of all material and energy inputs
and outputs of the system have been included,
excluding those data that are not available or not
quantified. The excluded data are as follows:

3.5.
Representativeness, quality andselection of data
Primary data represent 55% of Spanish
production in 2022. The data for stages A5C4 are scenarios collected by the PCRs forceramic tiles EN 17160:2019.

•

Diffuse emissions of particulate matter into
the atmosphere generated during thetransport and storage of powdery raw
materials

Data for decoration materials (frits, glazes,
grits and stains) are taken from the Spanish
sectoral Environmental Product Declarations
published in 2024.

•

Atmospheric emissions of pollutants, nonregulated•Long-term emissions (>100 years).

For secondary data, the most up-to-date
Managed LCA database-Sphera [8] has beenused and modelled with LCA for Experts(GaBi) version 10.7.1.28 [7].

•The processes of recycling and reuse of thewaste generated throughout the life cycle ofthe ceramic tiles that are part of anothersystem, based on the PCRs.

•

Machinery
production

andindustrial

equipment

3.6.
Other calculation rules andassumptions
The
information
providedfromthemanufacturers has been treated statisticallyon an individual basis and, subsequently, acollective treatment has been carried out,
studying the dispersion of the data,
eliminating non-logical values in order to,
finally, make averages weighted by the
production of each of the participatingcompanies.
The global warming potential (GWPtotal) of
the different technologies that make up theelectricity mix used is 0,4284 kgCO2 eq/MJ.

GlobalEPD EN 17160 - 035

9

4. System limits, scenarios and additional technical information
All life cycle modules relevant to ceramic tiles according to the PCR have been included:

System diagram

10

A Verified Environmental Declaration
4.1.
Pre-manufacturing(upstream)

processes

Raw materials (A1) and Transport (A2)
Ceramic tiles are composed of a ceramic
body and a decorative layer.
The raw materials included in thecomposition of the body are mainly clays,
feldspars, sands and ceramic waste
generated during manufacture.
The raw materials for decoration (glazes,
grits and inks) are produced in specialised
plants. The most common raw materials are
frits, inorganic pigments, inks and otherinorganic materials. Ceramic frits are
insoluble glasses, prepared in advance bycomplete melting of their original raw
materials and rapid cooling. The data aretaken from the Environmental ProductDeclarations of the Spanish sector (2024).
The raw materials used have different
origins, according to their nature andproperties; they are transported by road or byship in bulk, depending on the distance andlocation of the extraction point.
The raw materials of the support are mainly
wet milled in ball mills and dried to obtain asuspension called slurry, which is then spraydried to obtain granules. To a lesser extent,
the raw materials are milled dry using
pendulum and hammer mills.
High-efficiency cogeneration systems are
installed in the spray dryers for the
production of thermal and electrical energy.
The treated raw materials are transported tothe ceramic manufacturing plants.
4.2.

Manufacturing of the productIn any case, after forming, the pieces areplaced in a dryer to reduce their humidity.
The pieces from the dryer are optionallycoated with a thin layer or several layers ofglazes and in some cases, they aredecorated, mainly by injecting inks.
The pieces are then fired in single-layerroller kilns to produce a hard, water- andchemical-resistant material.
Some of the ceramic pieces are thensubjected
toadditional
mechanicaltreatments: pre-cutting, cutting, polishing,
grinding or bevelling.
After passing the quality control processes,
the sorted parts are boxed and packaged.
4.3.

Construction process
Transport (A4)

Product distribution is as follows: 34% of
the product is distributed in Spain, 29% in
Europe and 37% to the rest of the world.
The distances applied are those indicatedby EN 17160:2019. For national andEuropean transport, a road transport with a
27 t Euro 6 compliant truck of 300 km and1390 km, respectively, has been
considered. For transcontinental transport,anaveragetransoceanic
freighter(transport to the rest of the world, 6.250km)
has been estimated.
Module A4 Transport to site
Scenario information
Parameter
Type and fuel consumption of
the vehicle, type of vehicles
used for transport, e.g. long
distance trucks, ship, etc.

Distance

Manufacturing (A3)
The ceramic pieces are formed by dry
uniaxial pressing mainly and/or by extrusion
and also continuous presses are being
installed to obtain tiles pieces of large sizes
and reduced thicknesses.

Capacity utilisation (including
no-load return)Transport to site
Result (expressed perfunctional unit)
According to the destinationsin the distribution as describedabove:
0.1262 l diesel (Euro truck 6,
27 t)
0.026 l fuel oil (ship)
300 km national distribution
national: 33%
1390 km rest of Europe
distribution: 28%
6520 km rest of the world
distribution: 39%
85% in truck
100% ship

Bulk density of transported≈1800 kg/m3
products
Usable capacity factor (factor: = Not applicable
1 or < 1 or ≥ 1 for products thatare packed compressed ornested)GlobalEPD EN 17160 - 035
4.4.

Product installation andconstruction process (A5)

The product is then duly unpacked for
installation. Data show that, in a real
scenario, the ceramic tiles need to beinstalled with fast-setting mortars.
Waste from packaging waste are handled
separately depending on the geographic
location of the installation site. On the other
hand, based on data provided by thecompanies, a 5.6% loss of material has been
considered in the installation stage of thecoverings.

4.5.

11

Use Stage

B1 UseOnce installed, ceramic tiles do not require
any energy input for their use and do not
require maintenance after they are put onsite, except for normal cleaning operations.
For this reason, only the environmental loads
attributable to the maintenance of the
product are considered (module B2).
Ceramic tiles are by nature inert andtherefore do not emit any harmful or
hazardous substances to human health or
the environment.

Module A5 - Installation
Scenario information
Supplementary materials
form installation

Water use
Use of other resources
Quantitative descriptionof the type of energy(regional mix) andconsumption during the
installation process
Waste of materials at theconstruction site before
processing of waste
generated at the productinstallation (specified bytype)
Output of materials(specified by type) as aresult of waste treatment
waste at the construction
site, e.g. from waste
collected for recycling,energy recovery, disposal(specified by route)

Direct emissions toambient air, soil andwater

Result (expressed per functional unit)

3.3 kg mortar

0.8 l
Not applicableNot applicable

Product losses: 1.159g
Packaging wastes:
Cardboard: 151 g
Plastic: 48g
Wood: 473 g
Product losses for recycling: 811g
Product losses for final deposition:348g
Incinerated cardboard: 0g
Recycled cardboard: 150g
Cardboard for final deposition: 0 g
Incinerated plastic: 1g
Recycled plastic: 37g
Plastic for final deposition: 10g
Incinerated wood: 1g
Recycled wood: 459g
Wood for final deposition: 13g

B2 Maintenance
Cleaning is done with a damp cloth and, if thesurface is dirty or greasy, cleaning agents suchas detergents or bleaches can be added. This
EPD considers the scenarios for floor and wallcovering included in the CPR EN 17160:2019.
Specifically, for wall coverings a washingfrequency of 4 times/year and for floor
coverings 1 time/week with water, and 1 time
every two weeks with water and detergent. The
water and detergent consumption to be taken
into account for each cleaning are: 0.1 l
water/m2 and 0.134 ml detergent/m2. The
declared values represent a sectoral average.
The declared environmental impacts refer tothe maintenance required for 50 years.
Module B2 – Maintenance
Scenario information
Maintenance process

Not applicable
Maintenance cycle

Result (expressed perfunctional unit)
According to RCP for ceramic tiles(UNE-EN17160) residential
scenario for cleaning floors andwalls.
oors: 1x/week with water, and1x/2weeks with water anddetergent.
Walls: Wash 4x/year with water anddetergent.
Detergent: 8.38E-05 kg/m2 percleaning

Auxiliary materials formaintenance (e.g.
cleaning products)(specify each material)
Material wastage during Not applicablemaintenance (specifytype))

12

A Verified Environmental Declaration

Scenario information
Net tap water
consumption
Energy input during
maintenance (e.g.
vacuum cleaning), typeof energy carrier (e.g.
electricity) and amount,
if applicable andrelevant

B3-B4-B5 Repair,refurbishment

Result (expressed perfunctional unit)
0.1 l/m2 per cleaning
Not applicable

In the recycling process, a physical treatmentof the waste consisting of primary shredding
and subsequent screening has been
considered.
C4 Final disposal

replacement

andIt was assumed that 30% of the product wassent to controlled landfills after its service life
had ended.

The tiles do not require repair, replacement
or renovation if the tiles are correctly
installed.

End of life
Parameter

4.6.
Use linked to the operation of thebuilding
B6-B7 Operational energy
Operational water use

use

and

Collection process,specified by type24.0 kg total

Recovery system,
specified by type16.8 kg for recycing

Disposal, specified bytype

7.2 kg for landfilling

Assumptions for scenario
development (e.g.:transport)

The product waste is transported
in a Euro 6 compliant heavy-duty
truck (27 t) to be managed either
to landfilling or recycling. An
average distance of 50km fromthe building site to the finaldestination is considered. The
return journey of the lorries is also
included (100% empty return).

These modules are not relevant for ceramictiles.
4.7

End of Life StageC1 Deconstruction and demolition
At the end of its service life, the product will
be removed, either as part of a building
renovation or during demolition. In thecontext of the demolition of a building, theimpacts attributable to the removal of the
product are negligible.
C2 Transport
The product waste is transported in a large
tonnage truck (27 t) Euro 6 to be managed,
either by being deposited in inert landfills,
or recycled. An average distance of 50km
from the place of installation to the finaldestination is considered. The return trip of
the trucks is also included (100% empty
returns).
C3
Gestión
deresiduosparareutilización, recuperación y reciclaje
70% of tiles are considered to be recycled
and/or reused, as indicated in the PCR.

4.8

Result (expressed perfunctional unit)

Benefits and burdens beyond thesystemModule D
The net environmental burdens and net
benefits of obtaining the secondary material
from waste at the installation stage (coating
wastes,coating
packagingwastes:cardboard, plastic and wood) and at the endof life of the product have been considered.

4.9

Information on biogenic carbon
content

Ceramic coatings are inorganic and do notcontain biogenic carbon and their packaging
is less than 5% by weight, therefore thebiogenic content is not declared.

GlobalEPD EN 17160 - 035

5. Declaration of environmental parameters of the LCA and LCI.
The estimated impact results are relative and do not indicate the final value of the impact categories, nor do they refer to threshold values, safety margins
or risks.
Environmental impact
Parameters

Units

A1-A3

A4

A5

B1

B2

B3

B4

B5

B6

B7

C1

C2

C3

C4

D

GWP-total

kg CO2 eq

12.5

6.2E-011.7

01.8E-01

0

0

0

0

0

0

2.0E-01

2.9E-03

1.2E-01-2.5E-01

GWP-fossil

kg CO2 eq

12.1

3.0E-011.7

01.8E-01

0

0

0

0

0

0

7.7E-02

2.9E-03

1.2E-01-2.5E-01

GWP-biogenic

kg CO2 eq

3.1E-01

3.1E-01

4.3E-020

4.9E-03

0

0

0

0

0

0

1.2E-01

1.0E-06

1.2E-03-1.4E-04

GWP-luluc

kg CO2 eq

1.6E-02

8.5E-03

2.9E-0304.2E-05

0

0

0

0

0

0

3.2E-03

1.7E-07

5.1E-04-5.9E-04

GWP-total-IPCC

kg CO2 eq

12.3

6.1E-011.7

01.8E-01

0

0

0

0

0

0

1.9E-01

2.8E-03

1.2E-01-2.5E-01

ODP

kg CFC11eq

2.4E-08

8.2E-14

1.3E-090

6.3E-11

0

0

0

0

0

0

2.8E-14

4.9E-15

6.7E-14-6.1E-09

AP

mol H+ eq

1.9E-02

3.7E-03

3.3E-0305.7E-04

0

0

0

0

0

0

2.2E-04

3.3E-06

8.6E-04-1.1E-03

EP-freshwater

kg P eq

1.4E-04

2.2E-06

1.0E-0505.3E-06

0

0

0

0

0

0

8.2E-07

3.1E-10

2.5E-06-2.1E-06

EP-marine

kg N eq

5.6E-03

9.5E-04

1.1E-030

1.3E-04

0

0

0

0

0

0

7.7E-05

9.3E-07

2.4E-04-2.9E-04

EP-terrestrial

mol N eq

6.2E-02

1.1E-02

1.2E-020

1.3E-03

0

0

0

0

0

0

9.1E-04

1.0E-05

2.5E-03-3.2E-03

POCP

Kg NMVOCeq

1.8E-02

2.8E-03

3.2E-030

3.6E-04

0

0

0

0

0

0

2.5E-04

3.0E-06

6.9E-04-8.1E-04

ADP-minerals& metals 1

kg Sb eq

3.9E-05

4.6E-08

2.2E-0602.7E-09

0

0

0

0

0

0

1.7E-08

1.0E-10

1.2E-08-9.4E-08

ADP-fossil 1

MJ

192.0

7.8

16.8

0

3.1

0

0

0

0

0

0

2.5

6.7E-02

1.6

-4.8

WDP 1

m3 depriv.

1.9

8.0E-03

2.2E-01

0

16.8

0

0

0

0

0

0

3.0E-03

8.8E-04

8.9E-03-4.3E-02

GWP-fossil = Global Warming Potential fossil fuels; GWP-biogenic = Global Warming Potential biogenic; GWP-luluc = Global Warming Potential land use and land use change; ODP = Depletion potential of thestratospheric ozone layer; AP = Acidification potential. Accumulated Exceedance; EP-freshwater = Eutrophication potential. Fraction of nutrients reaching freshwater end compartment; EP-marine = Eutrophication
potential. Fraction of nutrients reaching marine end compartment; EP-terrestrial = Eutrophication potential. Accumulated Exceedance; POCP = Formation potential of tropospheric ozone; ADP-minerals&metals = Abiotic
depletion potential for non-fossil resources; ADP-fossil = Abiotic depletion for fossil resources potential; WDP = Water (user) deprivation potential. deprivation-weighted water consumption
Warning 1: The results of this environmental impact indicator should be used with caution, as the uncertainties of the results are high and experience with this parameter is limited.

13

14

A Verified Environmental Declaration
Additional environmental impacts
Unidades

A1-A3

A4

A5

B1

B2

B3

B4

B5

B6

B7

C1

PM

Incidencia deenfermedades

1,5E-05

6,2E-08

8,5E-0703,4E-09

0

0

0

0

0

0

2,3E-09 3,0E-11 1,1E-08

IRP

kBq U235 eq

44,1

5,8

5,6

0

4,1E+00

0

0

0

0

0

0

1,9E+00 8,1E-03

ETP-fw 1

CTUe

4,1E-09

1,2E-103,8E-1002,5E-10

0

0

0

0

0

0

3,8E-11 4,1E-13 1,2E-10-3,9E-13

HTP-c 1CTUh

1,3E-07

5,0E-09

1,8E-0802,7E-08

0

0

0

0

0

0

1,7E-09 7,6E-12 1,3E-08-1,2E-09

HTP-nc 1

CTUh

4,4E-01

1,9E-03

5,7E-0202,0E-02

0

0

0

0

0

0

6,7E-04 6,2E-04 2,1E-03-1,0E-02

SQP 1

-

129,0

3,3

19,2

0

0,7

0

0

0

0

0

0

1,2E+00 1,6E-04 3,7E-01-1,8Parámetro

C2

C3

C4

D
-6,6E-09

0,9

-1,2

PM: Potential for disease incidence due to emissions of particulate matter (PM); IRP : Exposure efficiency of human potential relative to U235; ETP-fw : Ecosystem toxic unit comparative
potential - freshwater; HTP-c : Ecosystem toxic unit comparative potential - carcinogenic effects; HTP-nc : Ecosystem toxic unit comparative potential - non-carcinogenic effects; SQP : Soil
quality potential index; NR: Not relevant
Note 1: This impact category deals mainly with potential impacts of low doses of ionising radiation on human health from the nuclear fuel cycle. It does not consider effects due to possible
nuclear accidents or occupational exposure due to disposal of radioactive waste in underground facilities. Ionising radiation potential of soil, due to radon or some building materials is also notmeasured by this parameter.

15

GlobalEPD EN 17160 - 035

Use of resources
Parameters

Units

A1-A3

A4

A5

B1

B2

B3

B4

B5

B6

B7

C1

C2

C3

C4

D

PERE

MJ

34.4

5.8E-01

4.0

0

4.0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2.2E-01

2.6E-03

1.8E-01

-6.8

PERM

MJ

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

PERT

MJ

34.4

5.8E-01

4.0

0

4.0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2.2E-01

2.6E-03

1.8E-01

-6.8

PENRE

MJ

193.0

7.8

16.9

0

3.1

0

0

0

0

0

0

2.5

6.7E-02

1.6

-4.8

PENRM

MJ

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

PENRT

MJ

193.0

7.8

16.9

0

3.1

0

0

0

0

0

0

2.5

6.7E-02

1.6

-4.8

SM

kg

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

RSF

MJ

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

NRSF

MJ

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

3.7E-02

6.4E-04

4.4E-0302.2E-01

0

0

0

0

0

0

2.4E-04

1.2E-05

3.0E-04-3.0E-03

FW

m

3

PERE = Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERM = Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERT = Total use of renewableprimary energy resources; PENRE = Use of non-renewable primary energy excluding non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRM = Use of non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw
materials; PENRT = Total use of non-renewable primary energy re-sources; SM = Use of secondary material; RSF = Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF = Use of non-renewable secondary fuels; FW = Use of net fresh
water

16

A Verified Environmental Declaration

Waste categories and output flows

Parameters

Units

A1-A3

A4

A5

B1

B2

B3

B4

B5

B6

B7

C1

C2

C3

HWD

Kg

2.0E-02

2.9E-10

1.1E-030

1.4E-10

0

0

0

0

0

0

9.7E-11

8.0E-12

NHWD

Kg

3.9

1.2E-03

6.7E-010

5.9E-02

0

0

0

0

0

0

4.1E-04

7.2

RWD

Kg

5.5E-03

1.3E-05

5.2E-0408.0E-06

0

0

0

0

0

0

4.6E-06

9.7E-06

CRU

Kg

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

MFR

Kg

3.3E-010

9.0E-01

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

16.8

0

0.776

MER

Kg

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

EE

MJ

0

0

C4

D

2.5E-08 -3.5E-08
0.0-1.0E-03

2.1E-05 -1.5E-05

HWD: Hazardous waste disposed of; NHWD: Non-hazardous waste disposed of; RWD: Radioactive waste disposed of; CRU: Components for reuse; MFR: Materials for recycling; MER: Materials for energy recovery;
EE: Energy exported;GlobalEPD EN 17160 - 035

17

6 Additional environmental impacts
6.1. General

Release to soil and water

Indoor air emissions

Ceramic tiles do not emit any compounds into
the soil or water during the use phase, as it is a
totally inert product, which does not undergo
physical, chemical or biological transformations,is not soluble or combustible, does not react
physically, chemically or in any other way, is notbiodegradable, does not adversely affect othermaterials with which it comes into contact in a
way that could lead to environmental pollution orharm human health. It is a non-leaching productand therefore does not pose a risk to surface orgroundwater quality.

Ceramic tiles, in their manufacturing process,are subjected to a thermal process thatexceeds 1000°C. At these temperatures, anyorganic compounds present
in thecompositions decompose, resulting in a final
product that is inert and free of volatile organic
compounds that may be emitted during theuse phase.

18

Una Declaración ambiental verificada

References[1] General Rules of the GlobalEPD
Programme, 2nd revision. AENOR. February
2016.
[2] EN ISO 14025:2006 Environmental labels.
Type III environmental declarations. Principles
and procedures (ISO 14025:2006).
[3] EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 Sustainability inconstruction.
Environmental
product
declarations. Basic product category rules forconstruction products.
[4] ISO
14040:2006.
Environmental
Management. Life Cycle Assessment.
Principles and framework.
[5] ISO
14044:2006.
Environmental
Management. Life Cycle Assessment.
Requirements and guidelines.

[6]
EN 17160:2019 Product Category
Rules for ceramic tiles.
[7]
GaBi
v
10
software-system.
SpheraSolutions. Compilation 10.5.1.128. Más
información: http://www.gabi-software.com[8]
LCA for experts (Sphera-GaBi) v 10
software-system.
SpheraSolutions.
Compilation 10.7.1.28. Further information:
https://sphera.com/life-cycle-assessment-lcasoftware/[9]Managed LCA Content (Sphera
databases). SpheraSolutions Upgrade 2023.2
Edition. July 2023. Further information:
https://sphera.com/life-cycle-assessment-lcadatabase/[10]
Sectoral life cycle Assessment report.
– ASCER. Annex I of report C243427; July
2024, issued by the Institute of Ceramic
Technology.