East Asian Seas: A Global Hotspot
Social vulnerabilities

Movements and Challenges
on the Environmental
Management for the Seas ofEast Asia

• Growing Human population• Major coastal settlements have developed
into cities; rapid coastal urbanization• Changing consumption and use patterns• Poverty

GEF/UNDP/IMO
Partnerships in Environmental Management
for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA)World Bank

Kazumi WAKITA
脇田 和美
Manila, Sean Donahue

Bangkok,Nicolas Pietri

Natural and Man-made disasters

Tsunami

Red tideOil spill

TyphoonTyphoon

Stormsurge1

Today’s Topic■ Profile and activities of PEMSEA;■ Example of ICM supported by PEMSEA;■ Key Points of successful ICM; and■ Futures on PEMSEA and Seas of East Asia
＊ICM: Integrated Coastal Management

What is PEMSEA?
• Partnerships in Environmental
Management for the Seas of East Asia=PEMSEA• International Organization which supports
implementation of Sustainable
Developments for the Seas of East Asia
• Established as an executing body for thepilot projects of GEF/UNDP/IMO in 1994

Where is the office of PEMSEA?
• located at Manila, the Philippines.
• Situated within the DENR
(Department of Environment and NaturalResources of the Philippines)

Prevention and Management of Marine Pollution
by setting up ICM (Integrated Coastal Management)
demonstration sites in Xiamen and Batangas.

Who works for PEMSEA?

Who are the Partners of PEMSEA?

• 4 International Staffs, and30 National Staffs.
( … will be expanded)• With high degree of professionalism;
maritime, law, biology, economics,regional development, etc.

• 11 State Partners:
Cambodia, China, DPR Korea, Indonesia,Japan, Lao, Philippines, RO Korea,
Singapore, Timor-Leste, and Vietnam.
• 15 Non-state Partners: See P.70

2

Sustainable Development Strategy for
the Seas of East Asia (SDS(SDS-SEA)

Sustainable Development Strategy for
the Seas of East Asia (SDS(SDS-SEA)SUSTAINSUSTAIN

Regional declaration ofcommitments to implementa shared vision andcommon objectives
agreed in 2003

PRESERVEPRESERVEPROTECTPROTECTDEVELOPDEVELOP
IMPLEMEN
IMPLEMENTT COMMUNICATCOMMUNICATEE

A holistic approach foraddressing both sectoraland cross-sectoral issues
through 6 major strategies
and 227 action programs

Partnership: Not Conventional Mechanism

See P.8

A collaborative platform for implementing
existing commitments, including:
WSSD Declaration and Plan of Implementation
UN Millennium Development Goals
Agenda 21GPA
Other Multi-lateral Environmental Agreements

PEMSEA Regional Implementing Mechanism
1) Capacity Development;
2) Promotion of sharing information & good practices;
3) Sharing Vision & Strategy thru Ministers Forum(Governance, Policy, Strategy).
EAS Partnership Council
EAS ExecutiveCommittee•
••
•
••
•
•

Participating Governments of EAS nations
UN Agencies and Organizations
International Financial Institutions
Regional Programmes and Projects
Bilateral aid agencies
Private sector (business associations; finance industry)
Local Gov’ts (PNLG)
NGOs (CI; IUCN; OPRF)

PolicyPerformance

Secretariat Services
PEMSEA Resource Facility

Technical Services

Monitoring & Evaluation

Priorities & Objectives`

RegionalPartnership
FundMinistersForum

EAS CongressState of Coasts Report

SDS-SEA Implementation

Strength of PEMSEA

Ministers Forum in EAS Congress

Top-Down
Putrajaya, Malaysia in 2003

- Promoting Coastal Sustainable Development
Strategies of the National Governments; and- Nurturing Partnerships among East AsianCountries.

Bottom-Up- On the Ground Support for Implementing ICM
Projects; and- Make Synergy through Partnerships among
Local Governments and Actors.

Haikou,Chinain 2006

3Example of Technical Support from PEMSEACapacity Building during 2000-2007:- 79 Trainings on
Integrated Information Management System;
Environmental Risk Assessment;
Integrated Environmental Monitoring, etc.
- Study Tour of ICM;
- Internships, and etc.
1,858 people has enhanced their knowledge and skills.
Internship program
Trainings

History and Scaling-up ICM Programs… See P.27
Achievements of the Sites:
Phase:
Environmental2ndImprovement,
-2007
2000
Governance2000Enhancement,
ICM etc.
Economic Growth,Demonstration

1st Phase:
19941994-1999
ICM Testing

3rd Phase: 20082008ICM Parallel
Replication• Bataan• Shihwa• Bali• Sukabumi
18
Parallel Sites:• Chonburi• Cavite• Danang• Quangnam
Support• Nampho• 10 sites in China

PortPEMSEA:
Klang
Recognition• of• Batangas

ICM Scaling-Up• 20% of Regional
Coastline by2015

No Funding• 3 sites in Bali

ICMCodification• Sihanoukville• XiamenTechnical Support,

Knowledge
Sharing, etc.
ICM
Working
Model

Better Coastal
Governancethrough Stronger
Local Alliance

ICM in Batangas, Philippines

Example of ICM supported by

Profile of the Batangas Region
Coastline: 92 km
Sea Area: 220 km2 < Tokyo Bay : 922 km2Population: 733,000 (1996) < Yokohama City: 1,50,000 (2008)
Main Economies:
Agriculture (coconut, sugarcane, rice, corn)Livestock
Industry (e.g., oil refineries, ship building andfabrication, wood treatment, power generation,
chemical manufacturing, flour milling, alcoholdistilleries)

Port Development

Background (early 1990s) of Batangas

Key Points of ICM in Batangas

Batangas = Chosen to become one of the Philippines’
industrial centers and a major shipping hub.
… Threat for deterioration of environment… Needs of prevention of negative environmental andsocial impacts

1. Establishment of the Project Coordinating
Committee and Project Management Office

Local Government Code passed in 1991.
… ICM was forwarded as a framework which could
be used to implement its provisions.
Stakeholders from theprivate sector and civilsociety groups were
doing activities for marine
pollution prevention.

In 1994, PCC was established.
- Planning officers from the city and municipal governments;- Relevant provincial offices, such as those involved in planning,
agriculture and health;- Local DENR offices, such as the Provincial Environment andNatural Resources Office (PG-ENRO);- The Philippine Coast Guard; and- BCRMF (Batangas Coastal Resource ManagementFoundation)… consists of 5 major private companies.

Multi-sectoral Body & On the Ground Management

4Key Points of ICM in Batangas

Key Points of ICM in Batangas

2. Completion of three Important Planning andManagement Documents

3. Institutionalization of the coordinating
mechanism thru legal support

In less than 2 years… (1996)- The Coastal Environmental Profile;- The Strategic Environmental Management Plan;- Integrated Waste Management Action Plan.
An optimum period which sustained
the interest of the stakeholders.

Key Points of ICM in Batangas

Project Coordinating Committee

In 1996:
Batangas Bay Region Environmental Protection
Council (BBREPC)The council’s role was strengthened by virtueof Provincial Ordinance 001 (Series 1996).

Expansion and Replication of ICM

4. Establishment of Project Ownership andStability of the Budget thru Cost-Sharing
PeriodGEF (USD)

PG-ENRO(PHP)

BBREPC(PHP)

1996-1999

713,800

23,462,971

500,000

2000-2003

70,00038,136,147

500,000

783,800

61,598,118

1,000,000

Total

20,300,420 PHP< 783,800 USD <43,250,084 PHP

62,598,118 PHP

Cost-Sharing develops:
Project Ownership & Long Lasting of the project.

Other Examples and Achievements of ICM
supported byICM= Good Framework fordeveloping Governance- Part of Batangas Province → Whole Coastal Area- Batangas → Manila Bay (Bataan and Cavite)
Executive Order 533 (June 2006):
ICM must be adopted as a national management policy
framework to ensure sustainable development.

National Policies, Strategies and Actions Plans

Manila Bay Coastal Strategy
October 2001

• Philippines EO 533 – ICM as a national
strategy for sustainable development ofcoastal and marine resources (June 2006)• Vietnam – PM approval of the Master Planfor ICZM covering 14 coastal provinces to2020 (October 2007)

Coastal Strategy of DanangCityDanang 2001

5ICM benefits (Xiamen)

Reducing multiple-use conflicts

Yuan Dang Lagoon Rehabilitation
Coastal use zoning plan

Volume of Released Industrial Sewage per 10 thousand Industrial Output

Before35
Ton/10 thousand yuan

30Special
areas

29.72

25
20
17.65
15.49

15

11.74

10

9.67
6.98

5

5.58

4.22

3.59

3.01

01992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

YearAfter

What are the keys for Sustainable ICM
programs Led by the Local Government
Ownership thru cost sharing.
Transfer of Knowledge and skills on ICM andEnvironmental Management. (To the Local
Government Officials and Main Actors)
Strong Political Will and Decision.
Institutionalization of PCC as a permanent body.
ICM practitioners should use political opportunities
effectively.
Use local expertise as much as possible.

Developing ICM champions• A smart ICM practitioner always looks for
local leaders who can serve as champions.
– Instrumental in the realization of ICM
program objectives– Can help in achieving government
support, passing legislation and evensoliciting financial resources.

What are the triggers/opportunities forinitiating an ICM program
Funding sources/financial incentives
Environmental disasters
Multiple use conflicts
Government reorganization
National policy• ICM program should respondand adopt to the dynamics offrequent political change andproject in leadership.

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Useful Lessons in initiating an ICM program
An ICM program should not be undertaken if the local
government does not take the lead or responsibility.

Transition ofDetermine program size based on available human andfinancial resources, local support, time frame and expected
outcomes.

from Project-based to Country-owned.

Choosing and involving stakeholder partners is an
essential first step in ICM program initiation.
Involve all relevant agencies in the initial stage of ICM

Funding support from China, Japan, RO Korea.
Support for Office Building from DENR, Philippines.

program development so that it can be integrated into theirrespective agency’s development plans.

GEF/UNDP/PEMSEA Implementationof the SDSSDS-SEATransition(2007-2010)• Regional
mechanism• Long-termsustainableregionalmechanism• Sustainable
PRF

GEF
support• PEMSEA
PartnershipFund• National policy/strengthening

Sustainability(2013-2017)• Financingmechanisms

GEFsupport• National/subregional SAPs
• Replication• Core capacity inICM/IRBCAM• Scaled upcapacity• Codification• Recognition/Certification• Financing

3+3+4years

Transformation(2010-2013)• M&E/SOC• Changes/
impacts -SOC

• StrategicPartnerships• Revolving Fund

GEF
exit

• Self-sustaining,self-reliant
regionalmechanism• Mainstreaming• Critical Mass
• Standardization• Ecologicalintegrity/qualityof life/equitable
growth - SOC3) Improvement of the Water Quality
at the Pollution Hot Spot

GEF/UNDP PEMSEA Implementation of theSDSSDS-SEA• GEF grant US$10.876 million• 3 years (2007-2010)• Project start-up – January 2008

1) Scaling up of ICM;
2) Developing the national strategy on
marine and coastal management; and
3) Improvement of the water quality at thepollution hot spot.

Public and Private Sector Investment and Financing
in Environmental Infrastructure and Services

Bohai Sea

Problems

Jakarta BaySolutions

Knowledge andexperience sharing for theimplementation ofintegrated managementof watersheds, estuaries
and adjacent coastal
areas in environmental
hotspots

Manila Bay7Participation Area of Japan

ICM is not a magical tool… Continual sweaty effort

ICM program development and implementing Cycle

Stakeholder’s Consultations

Involving stakeholders
Oil spill response

Bataan, Philippines

Bataan Mangrove Replanting Program

Danang, Vietnam
Beach Clean up in Manila

Chonburi, Thailand

Promoting coastal tourism and investment

Sihanoukville, Cambodia

Partnerships at Work:Local Implementation andGood Practices

Make Synergy Together!

23-27 November, 2009
Manila, Philippines
Thank you.

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