京都大学教育研究振興財団助成事業
成 果 報 告 書
2022年 8月 9日
公益財団法人京都大学教育研究振興財団会 長 藤
洋 作 様
所属部局・研究科

生命科学研究科

職 名・学 年

D3

氏

RODRIGUEZ, Carlos Mario

名

令和 ４年度助 成 の 種 類

・

国際研究集会発表助成

研 究 集 会 名

ゴードン・リサーチ・セミナー 減数分裂学会（GRS）
ゴードン・リサーチ・カンファレンス 減数分裂学会

発 表

形 式

□ 招 待

発 表

題 目

Asymmetric partitioning of synaptonemal complex phosphorylationin fusion chromosomes of C. elegans

開 催

場 所

アメリカ/ニューハンプシャー/ニューロンドン/コルビーソーヤー大学

渡 航

期 間

2022年

成 果 の 概 要・

6月

□ 口 頭

3日

～・☑ ポスター ・ □ その他（2022年交付を受けた助成金額250,000円

使 用 し た 助 成 金 額

250,000円

返納すべき助成金額0円

額（円）

報 告助 成 金 の 使 途 内 訳

当財団の助成について12日

タイトルは「成果の概要／報告者名」として、A４版２０００字程度・和文で作成し、添付して下さい。 「成果の概要」以外に添付する資料 □ 無■ 有( 出席証明書)

費会 計6月）

目

金

航空運賃

216,980

新幹線代

24,980

宿泊料の一部として8,040

I want to express my gratitude for supporting our group with the grant. This helped us topresent our work in one of the most prestigious international scenes and the feedback andconnections we made will surely help us to generate better science. In the future, it mightbe a good idea to be allowed to get the results of the application a little earlier, speciallyfor international students that might need to prepare expensive or long processing time
documents such as visas for the United States.

成果の概要／RODRIGUEZ, Carlos MarioGRS and GRC 2022 report
GRS section:Dates: June 4th – June 5th
The GRS meiosis is a research seminar aimed at graduate students, post docs and otherscientists with a comparable level of experience.
During this seminar the young scientists present and discuss their projects and new dataon how gametes are produced from diploid cells.
The seminar was divided into three sections:
1. Mechanisms and Control of Meiotic Recombination
The section was focused on how double strand breaks are generated and repaired
during meiosis with emphasis on crossover resolution.
The discussion leader during this session was Michael Lichten and during the firstpart of his presentation he discussed how they developed a system to monitor
heteroduplex formation of repaired DNA using SNPs close to hotspots. We
discussed how template switching is a regular phenomenon that they were able tomeasure by the presence of mosaic heteroduplexes. He also presented the ideathat branch migration is the norm for crossover resolution as they could findheteroduplex segments of usually to one side only of the crossover site indicatingthat the double holiday junction migrated. He mentioned during discussion thatmost of the DSBR events included branch migration or template switching whichwere thought to be rare events during the DSBR process.
On the second part of his presentation, he also mentioned how they employed asystem that utilizes ParB (sequence) and ParS (protein) from bacteria to generateartificial hotspots just by localizing the protein Hop1 to wherever the ParB
sequence was inserted.
The talks from the post docs included mostly unpublished data but thepresentations were great insights on different mechanisms such as how
chromosomes, and specifically form aneuploid nuclei, can segregate in a nonrandom manner to elevate levels of euploidy (Ting Gong, University of California,Davis), why crossover formation and viably gametes are decreased in young mice(Parijat Chakrabotry, University of Texas, MD Anderson) and how R-loops areproblematic for the germline as they’re able to evade DNA damage recognition(Tara Hicks, University of Iowa).

2. Mechanisms of Chromosome Segregation
During this session Sadie Wignall from the Northwestern University presented
their work on the spindle poles. Their publication showed that the protein KLP-18
is required to maintain the spindle bi-polarity. When they shifted a thermos
sensitive KLP-18 to a restrictive temperature, they could clearly show a shift frombi-polar spindle to mono-polar spindles by shifting the micro tubules minus ends tothe inner part of the spindle.
Another interesting talk from the session came from Lexy von Diezmann from theUniversity of Utah. She showed their progress and continuation of their publication
on single molecule tracking in the chromosomes where they showed that thesynaptonemal complex can diffuse through the synapsed chromosome axes.
3. Quality Control during Gametogenesis
During this session there was an excellent talk from Chenshu Liu that is relevant tothe work in Carlton laboratory. The data is still unpublished, but it relates to atechnique they developed to chemically induce proximity of proteins that ispromising due to the ease of use and wide range of possible applications.
GRC section:
Dates: June 5th – June 10th
The conference encompasses everything related to meiosis. Some of the most prominent
meiosis research scientists attend the conference making it a great opportunity to learn
about the latest data and work being done on the field.
The conference included the following sessions that were of special interest to the researchon the Carlton laboratory:
1. Physical Properties and Organization of the Synaptonemal Complex
The session was focused mostly on the synaptonemal complex which is theproteinaceous structure that holds homologous chromosomes together during
synapsis. One of the main topics of discussion of the conference was the proposedrole of the synaptonemal complex as the medium to achieve crossover interference.
As it was demonstrated during some of the talks, mutations on the synaptonemal
complex often result in an increased number of crossover sites in some organisms.
This increase in crossover designation sites can be detrimental to the genomic
stability of the organisms.
Ofer Rog also discussed their published work on how the synaptonemal complex
sequence identity is highly divergent between organisms and it is difficult toestablish homology through conventional sequence alignments. Instead, thesynaptonemal complex has a highly conserved structure. The length of thetransversal elements, the coiled-coil domains and other characteristics are present
in most of the members in different species even though the sequences arecompletely different.
2. Initiation of Meiosis and Induction of Double Strand Breaks
During this session Scott Keeney from the Sloan Kettering Institute showed some of
their previous work on the RMM complex which includes Rec114, Mei4 and Mer2.
These proteins seem to be able to make condensates that are functional in vivo andwork as a scaffold to recruit Spo11 to generate DSBs.
Another presentation of interest for our laboratory was presented by Monica
Colaiacovo from Harvard where she presented their unpublished work on how theDSBs are distributed in C. elegans.
Sarit Smolikov’s talk of their unpublished data on the timing of DSBs in C. elegans
also shed light on how they are regulated during meiosis.
3. DSB processing pathway choice
During this session, Kei Yamaya from Stanford University presented her still
unpublished data on the interplay between RAD-54.L and rad-54.B in C. elegans.
4. Spindle Assembly, Chromosome Segregation and Checkpoint Control
Takashi Akera from the National Institutes of Health talked about the mechanisms
by which R2d2, a meiotic drive in mouse is able to be inherited up to 95% of the timeby a lagging chromosome mechanism.
Binyam Mogessie From Yale University showed their work on how Actin filaments
are required for proper spindle activity. He discussed their published work on how
problems during chromosome segregation still occur even when cohesin isabundant. They were able to demonstrate that maternal decline of actin might beresponsible for some of the phenotypes and that the microtubule-actin interactions
are required for proper chromosomal and pronucleus movements.
5. Post Translational Modifications in Meiosis
During this final session, our laboratory presented the now accepted publication
regarding double strand break formation regulated by DSB-1 phosphorylation.
The final talk of the session was given by Yumi Kim from the John Hopkins University
where she talked about the protein PLK-2 which phosphorylates and controls
Synaptonemal complex components and regulates crossover formation.
The Meiosis GRC of 2022 was a great experience with much unpublished work. We wereable to share our research with other high-profile scientists to get feedback and ideas offuture experiments.