2.4.4. 節の構造
(1)

(2)

NP のテスト：a. Clefting:
It is [NP John] that will finish the assignment.
b. Sentence fragments:"Who will finish the assignment?" "[NP John]."c. Coordination:[NP John] and [NP the student who came here yesterday] will finishthe assignment.
d. Pronominalization:[NP He] will finish the assignment.
VP のテスト：a. Pseudo-clefting:
What John did was [VP finish the assignment].
b. Preposing:John promised that he will finish the assignment, and [VP finish theassignment] he will. (Radford 1988:101 (168a))c. Coordination:
John will [VP finish the assignment] and [VP hand it in]. (Radford1988:101 (168c))
d. Shared Constituent Coordination:
John will, and Mary may, [VP finish the assignment].
e. Pronominalization:
John will [VP finish the assignment], and so will Mary. (Radford1988:101 (168b))
f. Ellipsis:Paul won't [VP finish the assignment], but John will finish theassignment. (Radford 1988:101 (168d))

(3)

(4)

(5)
(6)

NP？

VPJohnwill

finish the assignment

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

[NP John] may [VP finish the assignment].
[NP John] must [VP finish the assignment].
[NP John] did not [VP finish the assignment].
[NP John] DID [VP finish the assignment].
[NP John] DOES [VP finish the assignment].

a.
b.

John finished the assignment.
John finishes the assignment.

a.

Paul finished the assignment, and John will finish the assignment.
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(7)

b.

Paul finished the assignment, but I did not finish the assignment.

a.
b.
c.

It is necessary [that [NP John] will [VP finish the assignment]].
*It is necessary [that [NP John] to [VP finish the assignment]].
I am anxious [that [NP John] should [VP finish the assignment byFriday]].
*I am anxious [that [NP John] to [VP finish the assignment byFriday]].
I hope [that [NP Thelma] will [VP dance after lunch]]. (Haegeman &Gueron 1999:94 (167a))*I hope [that [NP Thelma] to [VP dance after lunch]].

d.
e.
f.
(8)

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

(9)

*It is necessary [for [NP John] will [VP finish the assignment]].
It is necessary [for [NP John] to [VP finish the assignment]].
*I am anxious [for [NP John] should [VP finish the assignment byFriday]].
I am anxious [for [NP John] to [VP finish the assignment by Friday]].
*I hope [for [NP Thelma] will [VP dance after lunch]].
I hope [for [NP Thelma] to [VP dance after lunch]]. (Haegeman &Gueron 1999:94 (167b))

定形節that に続くことはあっても、for に続くことはない。
It is necessary [that John will finish the assignment].
*It is necessary [for John will finish the assignment].
主語は主格となる。
It is necessary [that he will finish the assignment].
*It is necessary [that him will finish the assignment].

(10) 不定節
for に続くことはあっても、that に続くことはない。
It is necessary [for John to finish the assignment].
*It is necessary [that John to finish the assignment].
主語は目的格となる。
It is necessary [for him to finish the assignment].
*It is necessary [for he to finish the assignment].
(11) a.
b.
c.

C(omplementizer) という範疇を仮定する。
that は [+finite] の C である。
for は [-finite] の C である。

(12) a.
b.

c.

I(nflection) という範疇を仮定する。
will などの法助動詞・現在形／過去形の区別を表す語／接尾辞・主語との一致要素（いわゆる３単現の -s など）は [+finite]の I である。
to は [-finite] の I である。

(13) a.

C と I は [±finite] に関して一致していなければならない。
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b.

[+finite] の場合には主語は主格となるが、[-finite] の場合には目的格となる。

b.

CPIP

(14)
NPI

VPCJohnwill

NPI

2.4.5. まとめ

finish the assignment(15) a.

CNP

I

VP

that

John

will

finish the assignment

CNP

I

VP

that

John

will

finish the assignmentb.

(16) Shared Constituent Coordination:
I've been wondering whether (but am not entirely sure that) thePresident will approve the project. (Radford 1988:293 (24))(17) a.

S'SCNPI

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VP