〔活動報告〕 Report on Section Activities

SRF 近代文学研究班 2015 年度活動報告
Report on Activities of the SRF Modern Literature Section for Fiscal 2015
SRF 近代文学研究班主任・文学部教授

山口 直孝

Head of SRF Modern Literature Section &Professor in Faculty of Literature

Yamaguchi Tadayoshi

近代文学研究班の研究課題は、「文学者の教養形成

The research topic of the Modern Literature Section is “TheReception of Kanbun Studies in the General Education of Menof Letters: With a Focus on Natsume Sōseki.” In fiscal 2015
we collected material on the reception of kanbun studies, orChinese learning, by Natsume Sōseki, Chikamatsu Shūkō, andŌnishi Kyojin and endeavoured to sort through the data. We
also endeavoured to collect and read modern kanbun fiction,
mainly by Yoda Gakkai.
With regard to Natsume Sōseki, we are continuing the taskof picking out and listing from references in his novels, essays,
and informal talks the Chinese prose and poetry that he read
during his boyhood and youth. For example, he testifies that
he was fond of reading the writings of Dazai Shundai, Yasui
Sokken, Ōhashi Totsuan, etc., but almost nothing is known
about their actual influence on him. In order to gain an overall
grasp of the reception of kanbun studies by Sōseki, basic
materials listing all the works to which he refers are essential,and we are currently in the process of preparing such materials.
A clear manifestation of Sōseki’s familiarity with Chinese
works appears in his travelogues and poems written inChinese. There already exists a body of prior research on
Sōseki’s Sinitic prose and poetry, but they have not beenadequately examined in the context of his times. We have also
embarked on the task of analyzing anew his Sinitic prose andpoetry. When undertaking such investigations, his approach
to Zen and connections with painting and calligraphy mustalso be considered. A folding screen inscribed in Sōseki’s handwith four pentasyllabic couplets from the Zenrin kushū thatwas purchased by Nishōgakusha University in December
2015 could be regarded as a fitting subject for a comprehensive
study, and an article is being prepared.
It is well known that Sōseki’s views of art and literature
were formed through his assimilation of Japanese, Chinese,and Western learning, but there is scant research on how hisattitude towards Chinese “writing” and “literature” affected
his views. In order to draw closer to the perceptions lying at
the root of his creative writing, the Modern Literature Sectionplans to hold a symposium in the next fiscal year on “Sōsekiにおける漢学の受容─夏目漱石を中心として」である。2015 年度は、夏目漱石・近松秋江・大西巨人における漢学の受容について資料収集を行い、情報の整理に努めた。また、依田学海を中心とする近代漢文体小説の収集と読解に努めた。
夏目漱石については、小説・エッセイ・談話での言及から少青年期に読んだ漢詩文を拾い出し、リスト化する作業を継続中である。例えば漱石は、太宰春台・安井息軒・大橋訥庵らの文章を愛読したと証言しているが、具体的な影響についてはほとんど明らかになっていない。漢学受容を総体的に把握するため、漱石が触れている書籍を網羅した基礎資料は必須であり、現在作成中である。
漢籍に親しんだ端的な現われは、漢文の紀行文や漢詩の創作に現われている。漱石の漢文・漢詩については、すでに先行研究の蓄積があるが、同時代文脈に照らした検証は十分でない。漢文・漢詩を改めて分析する作業にも着手した。考察に当たっては、禅に対する取り組みや書画との関連も問わなければならない。二松学舎が 2015 年 12 月に購入した夏目漱石墨書漢詩文屏風（『禅林句集』五言対句四種を記したもの）は、総合的な研究に恰好の対象と言え、論考を準備中である。
漱石の文芸観が和漢洋の教養の摂取から形成されたことはよく知られているが、中国の「文」・「文学」意識がどのように作用しているかをめぐる研究は手薄である。創作の根源にある認識に迫るため、近代文学研究班では次年度に「漢文脈の漱石」（仮題）と題したシンポジウムの開催を予定している。現在はパネリス

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トと連絡を取りながら相互の課題を確認し、内容を詰in a Sinitic Context” (provisional title). We are currently incontact with panelists to ascertain their topics and finalize thecontent of the symposium.
With regard to Chikamatsu Shūkō too, we are continuing
the task of picking out and listing from references in hisnovels, essays, and informal talks the Chinese prose and poetrythat he read during his boyhood and youth. As a boy, Shūkōenjoyed reading historical works such as the Nihon gaishi andShibashi lüe, and in his later years he wrote historical fiction.
We are also preparing a study of the influence that historical
works had on Shūkō’s creative writing. Since his receptionof the Shibashi lüe was prompted by his studies at Nishō
Gakusha, it would be desirable for a careful investigation of
the contemporary system of study and teaching methods to beconducted in concert with the Education Section.
With regard to Ōnishi Kyojin, our research activities arebeing conducted in concert with a joint research project of
the Institute for East Asian Studies titled “A Basic Study ofContemporary Literary and Art Movements: With a Focuson Ōnishi Kyojin” (fiscal 2014–2016). An investigation ofŌnishi’s library of about 9,000 volumes is being conducted,and to date data on about 7,000 volumes has been input.
Ōnishi was exceptional among modern writers in that hehad a grounding in Chinese learning, and there are manyreferences to it in his writings. His representative work Comedyof the Sacred includes references to the words and deeds of lateEdo writers such as Tanomura Chikuden, and they provide
an important key for considering the thought of the maincharacter. Almost all the materials to which Ōnishi refers havebeen identified in the investigation of his library, and in thefuture we hope to further develop our inquiries so as to gaina more detailed understanding of the manner in which thematerials were used and to be able to delineate his image of theideal intellectual.
With regard to kanbun fiction, we are engaged in a carefulreading of Yoda Gakkai’s Tankai. While kanbun fiction went
into decline in the modern period, a certain amount wasbeing written up until the 1890s, and changes can be seen
in both content and expression when compared with that of
the foregoing period. We are engaged in the task of rendering
Tankai, a representative work of the period, in kundoku andpreparing annotations. Excerpts of Tankai were also often
included in kanbun textbooks and were used as teachingmaterial for ethics and self-cultivation. We are also conducting
investigations into how it was actually received, and not just in
the sphere of literature.

めているところである。
近松秋江については、やはり小説・エッセイ・談話での言及から少青年期に読んだ漢詩文を拾い出し、リスト化する作業を継続中である。秋江は、『日本外史』や『十八史略』などの歴史書を少年時代に愛読しており、晩年には歴史小説を執筆している。秋江の創作に対して歴史書が与えた影響についての考察も準備をしているところである。『十八史略』の受容については二松学舎での学びが契機となっているため、当時の学修体系や教授法について、今後漢文教育班と連携して精査することが望まれる。
大西巨人については、東アジア学術総合研究所共同研究プロジェクト「現代文学芸術運動の基礎的研究
─大西巨人を中心に」（ 2014 年度〜 2016 年度）と連携した研究活動となる。大西巨人の蔵書約九千冊の調査を行っており、現在までに約七千冊のデータ入力を済ませた。大西巨人は現代作家の中で例外的に漢学の素養がある作家であり、作品中での言及も多い。代表作『神聖喜劇』には田能村竹田を始めとする江戸末期の文人たちの言動に対する論及があり、主人公の思想を考える上で重要な鍵となっている。参照された資料は、蔵書調査によってほぼ特定されたので、今後はさらに利用の様態を精細にとらえ、理想とされた知識人像を記述できるように考察を展開したい。
漢文体小説については、依田学海『譚海』の精読を進めている。近代になって衰退した漢文体小説であるが、1890 年代まではある程度の創作がなされており、内容・表現にも前代からの変化が見られる。同時期の代表例である『譚海』を対象に、訓読や注釈作業を進めているところである。『譚海』は、漢文教科書にもよく採られ、倫理修養の教材としても用いられた。文学の領域に止まらない受容のされ方の実態についても調査を行っている。

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