᪥࣭࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᑐヰࣃ࣮࣭࣡ࢺࣛࣥࢪࢩࣙࣥࡢ୰ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ
㸸ఱᴟࡢ᫬௦࡞ࡢ࠿㸺 ሗ ࿌ ᭩ 㸼㸰㸮㸯㸲ᖺ㸯㸰᭶㸯㸰᪥
ᮾிࠊ᪥ᮏ

ඹ ദ
ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ᫂἞኱Ꮫすࢩࢻࢽ࣮኱Ꮫබ┈㈈ᅋἲே ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ

㆟㛗ࡢఀ⸨๛࣭᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛୖᖍ◊✲ဨ㸦ᕥ࠿ࡽ㸲ே┠㸧㸯㸮㸮ྡࢆ㉸࠼ࡿཧຍ⪅ࡀ⇕ᚰ࡟⪥ࢆഴࡅࡿࡶࡼ࠺

ࡲ࠼ࡀࡁࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࡣࠊୡ⏺࡜᪥ᮏࡢ㛫࡟ྛ⏺ᶓ᩿ࡢᨻ⟇ᚿྥࡢ▱ⓗᑐヰࢆ⤌⧊ࡋࠊࡶࡗ࡚ᙼᡃࡢ┦஫⌮ゎ࠾ࡼࡧྜពᙧᡂ࡟㈨ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊẖᖺᗘྛ✀ࡢᅜ㝿ⓗ஺ὶ࡞࠸ࡋᑐヰࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ୍᪉࡛୰ᅜࡢᨻ἞ⓗࠊ⤒῭ⓗࠊ㌷஦ⓗ࡞ྎ㢌ࡀゝࢃࢀࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠊ௚᪉࡛⡿ᅜእ஺ࡢࣆࣦ࢛ࢵࢺ㸦㍈㊊㸧ࡀ୰ᮾ࠿ࡽ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟㌿᥮ࡉࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡶゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋຍ࠼࡚㏆ᖺࡢ୰ᅜࡢ㌷஦ⓗྎ㢌࡜࠸ࡗࡓ≧ἣ࡟ᑐࡋࠊࢃࡀᅜࢆྵࡴ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒㅖᅜࡣࠊ㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌ᆅᇦࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ㸦㸿㹐㹄㸧࡟ࡼࡿಙ㢗㔊ᡂࢆࠕ₞㐍ⓗࠖ࡟㐍ࡵ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊᮍࡔලయⓗ࡞⣮தゎỴࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠊࡦ࠸࡚ࡣྠᆅᇦ࡟࠶ࡿ࡭ࡁᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࡢ⛛ᗎീࢆぢฟࡔࡏࡎ࡟࠸ࡿࠋ࢔ࢪ
࢔ኴᖹὒࡢ୰᰾ࢆ༨ࡵࡿࢃࡀᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ᪥⡿ྠ┕ࢆᇶ㍈࡜ࡋࡘࡘࠊ㇦ᕞࠊ㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌ㅖᅜࠊ୰ᅜ࡜࠸ࡗࡓᅜࠎ࡜ࡢ஧ᅜ㛫࡞࠸ࡋከᅜ㛫༠ຊࢆ᥎㐍ࡋࠊ௨࡚࢔ࢪ
࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦࡢ⛛ᗎᙧᡂࢆ୺యⓗ࡟࣮ࣜࢻࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ព㆑࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࡣࠊ᫂἞኱Ꮫࠊすࢩࢻࢽ࣮኱Ꮫ࠾ࡼࡧබ┈㈈ᅋἲே᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ࡜ࡢඹദ࡛ࠊ㸯㸰᭶㸯㸰᪥ᮾி࡟࠾࠸࡚᪥࣭࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᑐヰࠕࣃ࣮࣭࣡ࢺࣛࣥࢪࢩࣙࣥࡢ୰ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ㸸ఱᴟࡢ᫬௦࡞ࡢ࠿ࠖࢆ㛤ദࡋࡓࠋᙜ᪥ࡣࠊࢪ࣭࣑ࣙࣥ࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮࣭ࢩ࢝ࢦ኱Ꮫᩍ
ᤵࠊఀ⸨๛࣭᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛୖᖍ◊✲ဨ➼ࡢࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺࢆྵࡴ⥲ໃ㸯㸮㸯ྡࡀཧຍࡋ࡚ࠊ㸰ࡘࡢࢭࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥពぢࢆ஺᥮ࡋࠊάⓎ࡞㆟ㄽࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ
ᮏሗ࿌᭩ࡣࠊࡇࡢࠕ᪥࣭࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᑐヰࠖࡢෆᐜ࡟ࡘࡁࠊࡑࡢᡂᯝࢆࢢ࣮ࣟ
ࣂ࣭ࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒࣭࣓ࣛࣥࣂ࣮➼ྛ᪉㠃ࡢ㛵ಀ⪅࡟ሗ࿌ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊᮏሗ ࿌ ᭩ ࡢ ෆ ᐜ ࡣ ࠊ ᙜ ࣇ ࢛ ࣮ ࣛ ࣒ ࡢ ࣍ ࣮ ࣒ ࣌ ࣮ ࢪ 㸦 http://www.gfj.jp㸧 ୖ ࡛ ࡶ ࡑ ࡢ඲ᩥࢆබ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡈぴ㡬ࡅࢀࡤᖾ࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

㸰㸮㸯㸲ᖺ㸯㸰᭶㸰㸴᪥ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ
௦⾲ୡヰே ఀ⸨ ᠇୍┠ ḟϨࠕ᪥࣭࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᑐヰࠖᴫせ…………………………………………………….1
㸯㸬㛤ദ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚…………………………………………………………………….1
㸰㸬㆟ㄽࡢᴫせ………………………………………………………………………….1

ϩࠕ᪥࣭࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᑐヰࠖࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ➼………………………………………….5
㸯㸬ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ…………………………………………………………………………5㸰㸬ฟᖍ⪅ྡ⡙………………………………………………………………………….6
㸱㸬ࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺࡢᶓ㢦……………………………………………………………………9Ϫࠕ᪥࣭࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᑐヰࠖ㏿グ㘓…………………………………………………11
㸯㸬㛤఍ᣵᣜ…………………………………………………………………………11
㸰㸬㛤ᖥࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ㸸ୡ⏺ࡢኚື࡜᪥ᮏ…………………………………………………12ሗ࿌ A㸸ୡ⏺ࡢኚື࡜᪥ᮏ㸦ࢪ࣭࣑ࣙࣥ࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮㸧…………………………………………12
ሗ࿌ B㸸ୡ⏺ࡢኚື࡜᪥ᮏ
㸦ఀ⸨๛㸧…………………………………………………………17
㸱㸬ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥϨ㸸࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒࡢኚື࡜᪥ᮏ………………………………………….21
ሗ࿌ A㸸୕ゅ㛵ಀࡢࡸࡾࡃࡾ࣮̿࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡢᑐ᪥࣭ᑐ୰ᨻ⟇㸦ࢹࣅࢵࢻ࣭࢛࢘ࣝࢺࣥ㸧……………..22
ሗ࿌ B㸸᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᾏὒᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࡢ㔜せᛶ㸦ᒣ⏣ྜྷᙪ㸧………………………………………..24
ሗ࿌ C㸸ྎ‴ᾏᓙࡢᏳ඲ಖ㞀࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᪥ᮏせᅉ㸦ᯘṇ⩏㸧………………………………………..26
ሗ࿌ D㸸୰ᅜࡢྎ㢌࡜࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒࡢᨻ἞ຊᏛ̿ࠕᾏὒᙉᅜࠖࡢ᫬௦࠿ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ᑒࡌ㎸ࡵ࠿ࠊㅖ㈠᫆ᅜᐙࡢ
⯆㝯࠿㸦బ⸨⪃୍㸧………………………………………………………………28⮬⏤ウ㆟㸸…………………………………………………………………………….30

㸲㸬ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥϩ㸸୰ᅜࡢᑗ᮶࡜᪥ᮏ…………………………………………………...43ሗ࿌ A㸸୰ᅜࡢᑗ᮶࡜᪥ᮏ
㸦㛛㛫⌮Ⰻ㸧
……………………………………………………….43

ሗ࿌ B㸸⤒῭ⓗㄏᝨ࡜ᨻ἞࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡢ㛫ࡢࢪ࣐ࣞࣥ̿⚾ࡓࡕࡣ࣏ࢫࢺࠕ୰ᅜᓹ㉳㸦Rising China㸧ࠖ᫬௦࡟࠸࠿࡟ྥࡁྜ࠺࠿㸦ᘪ㔝ṇᏹ㸧………………………………………………..46
ሗ࿌ C㸸ᰂ㌾࡞ຊࡢ㄂♧̿୰ᅜࡢᆅᇦᨻ⟇㸦ࣇ࣮࣭ࢸ࢕࢔࣭ࣥࣈ࣮ࣥ㸧………………………………49⮬⏤ウ㆟㸸……………………………………………………………………………. 52

ϫ ࠕ᪥࣭࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᑐヰࠖᕳᮎ㈨ᩱ……………………………………………63㸯㸬ሗ࿌ࣞࢪ࣓ࣗ………………………………………………………………………63㸰㸬ඹദᶵ㛵ࡢ⤂௓…………………………………………………………………….90
㸦㸯㸧ࠕࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚……………………………………………………..90㸦㸰㸧ࠕ᫂἞኱Ꮫࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚………………………………………………………………….92
㸦㸱㸧ࠕすࢩࢻࢽ࣮኱Ꮫࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚...................................................................................93㸦㸲㸧ࠕබ┈㈈ᅋἲே᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚…………………………………………….94

Ϩ ࠕ᪥࣭࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᑐヰࠖᴫせ㸯㸬㛤ദ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚
෭ᡓ⤊⤖௨᮶༑᭷వᖺࠊ୰ᅜࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡍࡿ᪂⯆ᅜࡢྎ㢌ࡣࠊᅜ㝿㛵ಀ࡟ࣃ࣮࣭࣡ࢺࣛ
ࣥࢪࢩࣙࣥ㸦ຊࡢ⛣⾜㸧ࢆ⏕ࡌࡉࡏࠊ᫬௦ࡣࠊ⡿ᅜ࡟ࡼࡿ୍ᴟᨭ㓄࠿ࡽከᴟᨭ㓄ࢆ⤒࡚↓ᴟᨭ㓄࡜ࡶ࿧ࡤࢀࡿẁ㝵࡬࡜⛣⾜ࡋࠊ௒࡞࠾᪂ࡋ࠸ࣂࣛࣥࢫ࣭࢜ࣈ࣭ࣃ࣮࣡ࡢ╔ᆅⅬ࡟฿㐩ࡏࡎࠊᴦほࢆチࡉ࡞࠸≧ἣ࡟࠶ࡿࠋ୰࡛ࡶࠊ㸰㸯ୡ⣖ࡢࣃ࣮࣭࣡ࢺࣛࣥࢪࢩࣙࣥࡢ୺せ࡞⯙ྎ࡛࠶ࡿ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦࡣࠊ┠ぬࡲࡋ࠸⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࢆ㐙ࡆࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊྛᅜࡀ⮬ᅜࡢ฼┈ࡢࡳࢆ㏣ồࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ືࡁࡶࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋ㏆ᖺࡢ୰ᅜࡢ㌷஦ⓗྎ㢌ࡣࡑࡢ඾ᆺࡔࡀࠊࡇ࠺
ࡋࡓ≧ἣ࡟ᑐࡋࠊࢃࡀᅜࢆྵࡴ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒㅖᅜࡣࠊ㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌ᆅᇦࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ㸦㸿㹐㹄㸧࡟ࡼࡿಙ㢗㔊ᡂࢆࠕ₞㐍ⓗࠖ࡟㐍ࡵ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊᮍࡔලయⓗ࡞⣮தゎỴࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠊ
ࡦ࠸࡚ࡣྠᆅᇦ࡟࠶ࡿ࡭ࡁᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࡢ⛛ᗎീࢆぢฟࡔࡏࡎ࡟࠸ࡿࠋ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒࡢ୰᰾ࢆ
༨ࡵࡿࢃࡀᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ᪥⡿ྠ┕ࢆᇶ㍈࡜ࡋࡘࡘࠊ㇦ᕞࠊ㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌ㅖᅜࠊ୰ᅜ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ
ᅜࠎ࡜ࡢ஧ᅜ㛫࡞࠸ࡋከᅜ㛫༠ຊࢆ᥎㐍ࡋࠊ௨࡚࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦࡢ⛛ᗎᙧᡂࢆ୺యⓗ࡟࣮ࣜࢻࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡶࠊྠᆅᇦ࡟ඹ㏻ࡍࡿㅖၥ㢟ࠊ౛࠼ࡤࠊ⥭ᙇ㧗ࡲࡿᮾࢩࢼᾏࠊ༡ࢩࢼᾏ᝟ໃࠊᾏ㈫ၥ㢟ࠊࢸࣟࣜࢬ࣒ࠊᾏὒἲࡢ㐺ษ࡞ᇳ⾜➼࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⋡┤࡟㆟ㄽࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ↓ᴟᨭ㓄࡜ࡶ࿧ࡤࢀࡿ୰࡟ࠕඹ㏻ࡢᅵྎࠖࢆぢฟࡉ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞
࠸ࠋ
௨ୖࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࡣ㸯㸰᭶㸯㸰᪥㸦㔠㸧࡟ࠊ᫂἞኱Ꮫࠊすࢩࢻࢽ࣮኱Ꮫ࠾ࡼࡧබ┈㈈ᅋἲே᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ࡜ࡢඹദ࡛ࠊᮾி࡟࠾࠸࡚᪥࣭࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹ
ὒᑐヰࠕࣃ࣮࣭࣡ࢺࣛࣥࢪࢩࣙࣥࡢ୰ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ㸸ఱᴟࡢ᫬௦࡞ࡢ࠿ࠖࢆ㛤ദࡋࡓ㸦᪊㸸᫂἞኱Ꮫࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࣇࣟࣥࢺࠕࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭࣮ࣝ࣍ࣝࠖ㸧ࠋ㛤ᖥࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࠕୡ⏺ࡢኚື࡜᪥ᮏࠖࠊࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥϨࠕ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒࡢኚື࡜᪥ᮏࠖ࠾ࡼ
ࡧࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥϩࠕ୰ᅜࡢᑗ᮶࡜᪥ᮏࠖࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚άⓎ࡞㆟ㄽࢆ஺ࢃࡋࡓࠋ㸱ࡘࡢࠕࢭࢵࢩࣙ
࡛ࣥࠖࡣࠊィ㸯㸮ྡࡢࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺ࡟ࡼࡿᇶㄪሗ࿌ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢᴫせࡣࠊࡘࡂࡢ࡜࠾
ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥϨ࠾ࡼࡧϩ⤊஢ᚋ࡟ࡣࠊ఍ሙࡢ඲ฟᖍ⪅ࡀཧຍࡍࡿάⓎ࡞⮬⏤ウ㆟ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋ

㸰㸬㆟ㄽࡢᴫせ㸦㸯㸧㛤఍ᣵᣜ ఀ⸨᠇୍ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ௦⾲ୡヰே࣭᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ⌮஦㛗ࠕࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࠖࡣ㸯㸷㸶㸰ᖺࡢⓎ㊊௨᮶ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛㸱㸮ᖺ௨ୖ࡟ࢃࡓࡾࠊୡ
⏺ྛᅜࡢ࢝࢘ࣥࢱ࣮ࣃ࣮ࢺ࡜▱ⓗ࡞ࠕᑐヰࠖࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࠊ࡜ࡃ࡟㞴ࡋ࠸᫬ᮇ࡟㞴ࡋ࠸┦ᡭ࡜ࡢᑐヰࢆ⤌⧊ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊᨻᗓ㛫እ஺ࢆ⿵࠺ᙧ࡛ࡑࢀ࡞ࡾࡢᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ౛
࠼ࡤࠊ᪥⡿㈠᫆ᦶ᧿ࡀ᭱ࡶ⃭ࡋ࠿ࡗࡓ㸯㸷㸶㸮ᖺ௦࡟ࡣᩘከࡢࠕ᪥⡿ᑐヰࠖࢆ⤌⧊ࡋࡓࡀࠊ
᫖௒࡛ࡣ୰ᅜࠊ㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌࡜ࡢᑐヰ࡟ὀຊࡍࡿ୍᪉ࠊᨻᗓࡢࠕᆅ⌫൤ಠ▔እ஺ࠖ࡟࿧ᛂࡋ
࡚ࠊ㯮ᾏᆅᇦࡸࢥ࣮࢝ࢧࢫᆅ᪉ࡢㅖᅜ࡜౯್ほࢆࡵࡄࡿᑐヰࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕᑐ
ヰࠖࡣࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶᮏ᪥࠾㞟ࡲࡾ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ྛᅜࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿᏛ⪅ࠊ◊✲⪅ࠊࢪࣕ1࣮ࢼࣜࢫࢺࡢⓙᵝࡢࡈཧຍ࡜ࡈ㈉⊩ࢆᚓ࡚ྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࠶ࡽࡓࡵ࡚㛵ಀྛ఩ࡢࡈ༠ຊ࡟ᩗពࢆ⾲᫂ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ࠕࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࠖ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊᮏ᪥ࡢ఍㆟ࢆඹദࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠕ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࠖࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ࣮ࣜࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ࣭ࢩࣥࢡࢱࣥࢡ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐃᮇⓗ࡟ᨻ⟇ᥦゝࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᮏᖺ㸶᭶࡟ࡣࠕ✚ᴟⓗᖹ࿴୺⩏࡜᪥ᮏࡢ㔪㊰ࠖ࡜㢟ࡍࡿᥦゝࢆୡ࡟ၥ࠺ࡓࠋᮏ᪥ࡢࢸ࣮࣐࡛࠶ࡿࠕࣃ࣮࣭࣡ࢺࣛࣥࢪࢩࣙࣥࡢ୰ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ㸸ఱᴟࡢ᫬௦࡞ࡢ࠿ࠖ࡜ࡶᐦ᥋࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡗࡓၥ㢟ព㆑࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࠊᮏ᪥ࡢ㆟ㄽࡢᡂࡾ⾜ࡁ࡟ὀ┠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ୍᪉࡛୰ᅜࡢᨻ἞ⓗࠊ⤒῭ⓗࠊ㌷஦ⓗ࡞ྎ㢌ࡀゝࢃࢀࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠊ௚᪉࡛⡿ᅜእ஺ࡢࣆࣦ࢛ࢵࢺ㸦㍈㊊㸧ࡀ୰ᮾ࠿ࡽ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟㌿᥮ࡉࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡶゝࢃࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞᝟ໃࡢ᥎⛣ࢆࠊ᪥ᮏࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ཷࡅṆࡵࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺
࡟ᑐᛂࡍ࡭ࡁ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠋᮏ᪥ࡣࠊ㛵ಀㅖᅜࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡸ᭷㆑⪅ࡢⓙᵝࡀ୍ᇽ࡟఍ࡋ࡚ࡢάⓎ࡞㆟ㄽࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᮇᚅࡍࡿࠋ

㸦㸰㸧㛤ᖥࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࠕୡ⏺ࡢኚື࡜᪥ᮏࠖ
㸦࢖㸧 ࢪ࣭࣑ࣙࣥ࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮࣭ࢩ࢝ࢦ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ
෭ᡓ⤊⤖ᚋࠊ⡿ᅜ୍ᴟ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡓࡀࠊ࠶ࢀ࠿ࡽ㸰㸳ᖺࠊ୰ᅜࡀ⡿ᅜࢆ෽㥙ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺఩⨨࡟ࡲ࡛฿㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣃ࣮࣭࣡ࣂࣛࣥࢫࡣ᫬㛫ࡀ⤒࡚ࡤ⤒ࡘ࡯࡝୰ᅜ࡟᭷฼࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡺࡃࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋࡑࡢ୰ᅜࡀᖹ࿴⿬࡟Ⓨᒎࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ↓࠸ࠋ୰ᅜࡣ⤒῭ຊࢆ㌷஦ຊቑᙉ࡟ᅇࡍࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ⡿ᅜࡀす༙⌫࡛ぞᶒࢆ☜❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ
୰ᅜࡣᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࡛ぞᶒᅜ࡜࡞ࢁ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ᪥ᮏࡣ᫂἞⥔᪂࠿ࡽ㸯㸷㸲㸳ᖺࡲ࡛ࠊ௒
ࡢ⡿ᅜ࡜ྠࡌ஦ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ⡿ᅜࡀす༙⌫ࡢぞᶒᅜ࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏࡣ࠿ࡘ࡚ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢぞᶒᅜࡔࡗࡓࠋ௒ࡢ୰ᅜࡣࡑࡢᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢぞᶒᅜ࡟࡞ࢁ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢻ࢖ࢶ➨஧ᖇᅜࠊ኱᪥ᮏᖇᅜࠊࢼࢳࢫ࣭ࢻ࢖ࢶ࠾ࡼࡧࢯ㐃ࡢ㸲ࣨᅜࡣࠊᆅᇦぞᶒᅜ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚⡿ᅜ࡟ᣮࡶ࠺࡜
ࡋࡓࡀࠊ୰ᅜࡶྠࡌ㐨ࢆṌࡶ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ≧ἣୗ࡛ࠊ༡ࢩࢼᾏࠊᑤ㛶ࠊྎ‴ࠊᮅ㩭༙ᓥࡣᮏᙜࡢᡓ㜚ࡢⓎⅆⅬ࡜࡞ࡾᚓࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏࡀ୰ᅜ࡜ᡓதࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣࠊ᫬㛫ࡀ⤒࡚ࡤ⤒ࡘ࡯࡝኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᡓதࡢ㉳ࡁࡿ☜⋡ࡣࡇࡇᩘᖺୖࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୰ᅜࡀ㌷஦ຊࢆቑᙉࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽࡔࠋࡑࡢ୰ᅜࡢ㞄ᅜ࡛࠶ࡿ᪥ᮏ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊ㜵⾨㈝ࡀ㹅㹂㹎ࡢ㸯㸣௨ୗ࡛῭ࢇࡔ᫬௦ࡣ⤊ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ᪥ᮏࡣࠊ኱ᅜࡢ୰࡛᰾රჾࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸၏୍ࡢᅜࡔࡗࡓ
ࡀࠊࡑࡢ᪥ᮏࡀࠊࡶࡋࠊ⡿ᅜࡀ᪥ᮏࢆ୰ᅜ࡟ࡼࡿ⬣ጾ࠿ࡽᏲࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀุ᫂ࡋࠊ⡿ᅜࢆಙ⏝࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡽࠊ᰾ಖ᭷ࡋ࡚ࠕ✲ᴟࡢᢚṆຊࠖࢆᣢ࡜࠺࡜ࡍࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢ
ᆅᇦ࠾ࡼࡧ᪥ᮏ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚᭱ၿࡢ㐨ࡣࠊࠕ୰ᅜࡀᡂ㛗ࡋ࡞࠸ࠖࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

㸦ࣟ㸧ఀ⸨๛᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛୖᖍ◊✲ဨ࣭᫂἞኱Ꮫᩍᤵ
୰ᅜࡀ୍ᒙྎ㢌ࡋ࡚ࡃࡿ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚ࠊୡ⏺኱ࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫ࣭࢜ࣇ࣭ࣃ࣮࣡ࡣ⡿୰ᆒ⾮≧ែ࡟㏆࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ෭ᡓᚋࡢᅜ㝿♫఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿᨻ⟇Ỵᐃᯟ⤌ࡣࠊ⡿ࢯ㸰ᴟయไ࠿ࡽᚎࠎ
࡟㹅㸳ࠊ㹅㸵࣭㸶ࠊ㹅㸰㸮࡜࠸ࡗࡓ࣐ࣝࢳ࡞యไ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ୰ᅜࡣ୍᪉࡛኱ᅜࢡ
ࣛࣈ࡟௰㛫ධࡾࡋࡓ࠸࡜せồࡍࡿࡀࠊ௚᪉࡛ᅜ㝿♫఍඲య࡛ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴ࡭ࡁ⎔ቃ࣭ேᶒ࣭▱ⓗ㈈⏘࡜࠸ࡗࡓㄢ㢟࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚᣺⯙࠺ࠕ▩┪ࠖࡀእ஺ែᵝ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᅜ㝿㛵ಀ඲య࠿ࡽぢࢀࡤࠊᚲせ࡞ᨻ⟇❧᱌࣭ᐇ᪋ࡢᐇຠᛶࡀୗࡀࡗ
2࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࡑࡶࡑࡶᅜ㝿㛵ಀ඲యࡀᏳᐃⓗ࡟࡞ࡿ࡟ࡣࠊໃຊᆒ⾮࡜ぞᶒᏳᐃ࡜஧ࡘ᪉ἲࡀ
࠶ࡿࡀࠊ୰ᅜࡣ⡿ᅜ࡜ࡢ㛫࡛ࡣໃຊᆒ⾮ᨻ⟇ࢆᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔࡛ࡣ୰ᅜ࡟ࡼࡿぞᶒࡇࡑࡀᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ᅜ㝿ᨻ἞඲యࡢᏳᐃ᮲௳࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺୺ᙇࡀ᭱㏆┠❧ࡘࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ୍
ᅜ୺⩏ⓗ࡟ᛮ⪃ࡋࠊ஧ᅜ㛫୺⩏ⓗ࡟ၥ㢟ࢆ㏣ཬࡋࠊ࡜ࡁ࡟ከᅜ㛫୺⩏ⓗ࡟᣺ࡿ⯙ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦ࡛ࡣࠊ㛗ࡽࡃᏳ඲ಖ㞀ୖࡢᯟ⤌࡜ࠊ⤒῭┦஫౫Ꮡࡀࡡ
ࡌࢀ⌧㇟ࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ୰ᅜࡀࡑࡢ⤒῭ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟⤫ྜࡉࢀࠊྎ㢌ࡀ㢧ⴭ࡟࡞ࡿ࡯࡝ࠊ୰ᅜࢆࡵࡄࡿᏳ඲ಖ㞀ၥ㢟ࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ㄆ㆑ࢠࣕࢵࣉࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋ௒ᚋ୰ᅜࡣ࢔࣓࣮ࣂⓗ࡟ຊࢆᣑ኱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࠊᢚṆࡋ࡞࠸࡜ࡑࡢໃຊࡣ୍ᒙ኱ࡁࡃ࡞
ࡾࠊ⡿ᅜ࡜ࡢໃຊᆒ⾮ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛᪥ᮏࡣ⮬㌟ࡢᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿୖ࡛ࠊ⡿ᅜ࠿ࡽࡢಙ⏝ᛶ࡜⮬ຓࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㸦㸱㸧ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ㹇ࠕ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒࡢኚື࡜᪥ᮏࠖ
ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ㹇ࡢ㆟㛗࡛࠶ࡿ▼ᕝ⸅ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛᇳ⾜ୡヰே࣭᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ◊✲ᮏ㒊㛗ࡼࡾࠊᮏࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢ┠ⓗ࡜㐍ࡵ᪉ࡢᴫせㄝ᫂ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓᚋࠊሗ࿌⪅ࡼࡾ௨ୗࡢ࡜࠾ࡾࡢሗ࿌ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
㸦࢖㸧ࢹࣅࢵࢻ࣭࢛࢘ࣝࢺࣥすࢩࢻࢽ࣮኱Ꮫ෸ᩍᤵ
୰ᅜࡢྎ㢌࡟ࡼࡿ㇦᪥Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀㛵ಀ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ஧ᅜ࡜ࡶከᅜ㛫࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢἲࡢᨭ㓄ࡸẸ୺୺⩏ࡢ㑂Ᏺ࡟ྥࡅࡓつ⠊࡙ࡃࡾࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᑐ୰ㄆ㆑࡟ࢠࣕࢵࣉ
ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ㇦ᕞࡣ᪥ᮏࡢࡼ࠺࡟Ṕྐⓗ࡞㛵ಀࡶ㡿ᅵၥ㢟ࡶᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞
࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊᨻ⟇Ỵᐃ⪅ࡣ୰ᅜࡢྎ㢌ࢆࡼࡾ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡟ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ⌧ᅾ㇦᪥ࡣ㤳┦㛫ࡢ㛵ಀࡀⰋዲࡔࡀࠊ㇦᪥୰㛵ಀࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫ࡟ࡣᙳ㡪ࡣ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ㸦ࣟ㸧 ᒣ⏣ྜྷᙪᮾᾏ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ
㸯㸷㸷㸲ᖺࢆቃ࡜ࡋ࡚ୡ⏺ࡣ⃭ኚࡋࡓࠋᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ᡂ❧࡛ࠊἢᓊᅜࡣἢᓊ࠿ࡽ᭱኱
㸱㸵㸮㹩㹫ࡢᾏỈ࠾ࡼࡧᾏᗏ㈨※➼ࡢ฼⏝࡞ࡽࡧ࡟᤼௚ⓗ⤒῭Ỉᇦࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋ୰ᅜࡀᐇ㝿࡟ᨭ㓄ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᾏࡢ㠃✚ࡣ㸯㸮㸮୓੎ᮍ‶࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࡀࠊඛ᪥ࡣࠊ㸰㸯㸰㞘ࡢ୰ᅜύỤ┬࠾ࡼࡧ⚟ᘓ┬࠿ࡽࡢᐦ⁺⯪ᅋࡀ᪥ᮏࡢ᤼௚ⓗ⤒῭Ỉᇦࢆ౵≢ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇ
࡜࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᏳ඲ಖ㞀ᨻ⟇ࡢᮍ⇍ࡉࡀ㟢࿊ࡋࡓࠋ㸰㸮㸯㸰ᖺࠊ᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡀᑤ㛶㉎ධࢆබ⾲ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁࠊ୰ᅜ⯪⡠ࡢ⯪ࡀ㸳㞘ࠊ஬ᓥิᓥ࡟౵ධࡋࡓࠋ
ࠕ᪥ᮏࡢࠗᾏࡢᏳ඲࠘ࡀ⬣࠿ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣᑤ㛶ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ௚ࡢᓥࡶ≺ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺୰ᅜ࠿ࡽࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
௒ᖺࠊ୰ᅜ⯪ࡀࣦ࢙ࢺࢼ࣒⯪࡟యᙜࡾࡋࡓࠋ୰ᅜ࡟ᾏὒἲࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿே㛫ࡣ࡝ࡢࡃࡽ
࠸࠸ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡲࡓࠊయᙜࡾ๓࡟እ஺࡛ゎỴࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᙜ
ᒁ⪅ࡣࡣࡓࡋ࡚࡝ࡢࡃࡽ࠸࠸ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ

㸦ࣁ㸧ᯘṇ⩏ྎ‴୰ኸ◊✲㝔Ḣ⨾◊✲ᡤ◊✲ဨ᪥ᮏࡣࢧࣥࣇࣛࣥࢩࢫࢥ᮲⣙࠾ࡼࡧ᪥⳹ᖹ࿴᮲⣙࡛ྎ‴࠾ࡼࡧ༡ἋㅖᓥࢆᨺᲠࡋࡓࠋᖹ
࿴᮲⣙⥾⤖ᚋࡶࠊⵓ௓▼ࡣᐦ࠿࡟᪥ᮏ࠿ࡽ㌷஦㢳ၥᅋࢆ࿧ࢇ࡛ࠊᙼࡽ࡟୰⳹Ẹᅜ(ྎ‴)㌷⫱ᡂࢆクࡋࡓࠋ㸯㸷㸴㸷ᖺࠊࠕྎ‴࿘㎶ࡣ᪥ᮏࡢᏳ඲ಖ㞀࡟࡜ࡗ࡚᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜బ⸨
3ᰤస㤳┦ࡣබゝࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ
ࠕἈ⦖࡟⡿㌷ࡀ㥔␃ࡍࡿࡢࡣࡇࡢᆅᇦࡢᏳ඲ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜ࡶゝࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ⌧ᅾࠊ㌷஦ⓗ᥋㏆ᣄྰࡢ⬟ຊࢆ୰ᅜࡣ㌟࡟ࡘࡅࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࠋ୰ᅜ
ࡣ⡿ᅜࢆᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࠿ࡽᘬࡁ㞳ࡑ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

㸦ࢽ㸧 బ⸨⪃୍ᱜ⨾ᯘ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ
ࠕ㸰ᴟయไࡀ⤊ࢀࡤࠊḢᕞࡣ෭ᡓ๓ࡢ኱ᅜ㛵ಀ࡟ᡠࡿࠖ࡜ࠊ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ᩍᤵࡣ௮ࡗࡓ
ࡀࠊᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡣ࡝࠺࡞ࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ࡛ࡣ⌧ᅾࠊ୰ᅜࡢྎ㢌ࡀ✺ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
᪥ᮏࡶ㡹ᙇࢀࡤ࢔ࢪ࢔࡛᪥⡿୰㸱ᴟయไ࡟ࡣ࡞ࢀࡿࠋ᪥ᮏࡶ⮬⾨㝲ࡢカ⦎➼࡟ࡼࡗ࡚୰ᅜ
ࢆᢚṆࡋ⥆ࡅࡿດຊࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡔࡀࠊ⌧ᅾࡣ㐣ཤ࡜㐪࠸ࠊ₯ᅾᩛᅜ࡜ࡢ┦஫౫Ꮡ㛵ಀࡶ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୰ᅜࡢ㌷஦ⓗྎ㢌ࢆᢚṆࡍࡿ࡟ࡣࠊ୰ᅜࢆ᪥ᮏ࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞㈠᫆౫Ꮡᅜᐙ
࡟ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ୰ᅜ࡜ࡢ✚ᴟⓗ㈠᫆ࡢ᥎㐍ࡶ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡣᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸦㸲㸧 ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥϩࠕ୰ᅜࡢᑗ᮶࡜᪥ᮏࠖ
ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥϩࡢ㆟㛗࡛࠶ࡿఀ⸨๛᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛୖᖍ◊✲ဨ࣭᫂἞኱Ꮫᩍᤵࡼࡾࠊ
ᮏࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢ┠ⓗ࡜㐍ࡵ᪉ࡢᴫせㄝ᫂ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓᚋࠊሗ࿌⪅ࡼࡾ௨ୗࡢ࡜࠾ࡾࡢሗ࿌ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࠋ㸦࢖㸧 㛛㛫⌮Ⰻ㜵⾨◊✲ᡤ୺௵◊✲ᐁ୰ᅜࡢᐩᅜᙉරࢆᨭ࠼ࡿࡢࡣ⤒῭ᡂ㛗࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣ㕌໬ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ௒ᚋࡣᖺ⋡㸵㸣ࡲ࡛ⴠࡕࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ୰ᅜࡣ⌧≧࡛ࡣ⡿ᅜ࡜ࡢ┤᥋ᑐỴࡣ㑊ࡅࡓ࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୰
㟢㛫ࡣ⾲㠃ୖࡣ௰ࡀⰋ࠸ࡀࠊ₯ᅾⓗᑐ❧ࡣ⌧ᅾࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏࡀ⌧ᅾࡢ⤒῭ຊࢆ⥔ᣢ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࡶ୙Ᏻᐃ໬ࡍࡿࠋྎ‴࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ㑅ᣲ࡛㹉㹋㹒㸦ᅜẸඪ㸧ࡀ኱ᩋࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ୰ྎ୧ᓊ㛵ಀࡣⓎᒎࡋ࡞࠸࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞᝟ໃୗࠊ㸰㸮㸱㸮ᖺ㡭ࡲ࡛࡟ࡣ✵ẕᶵື㒊㝲㸰ಶࡃࡽ࠸ࢆ୰ᅜᾏ㌷ࡣᣢࡘࡔࢁ࠺ࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡶすኴᖹὒ࡛⡿ᾏ㌷ࢆ෽㥙ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ↓࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࣦ࢙ࢺࢼ࣒ࠊࣇ࢕ࣜࣆࣥ࠾ࡼࡧ࣐࣮ࣞࢩ࢔࡟ᑐࡍࡿᅽຊ
࡟ࡣ࡞ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ

㸦ࣟ㸧ᘪ㔝ṇᏹ᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫ⌧௦୰ᅜ◊✲ᡤᣍ⪸◊✲ဨ୰ᅜࡀྎ㢌ࡍࡿ᫬௦ࡣࡑࢁࡑࢁ㝜ࡾࡀぢ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࠋ୰ᅜࡣࠕ⬤ᙅ࡞㉸኱ᅜࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⣲㉁ࢆ⌧ࡋጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢇ࡞୰ࠊ᪥୰㛵ಀࡣᏳಸ㤳┦࡟ࡼࡿ㟹ᅜཧᣏ࡛ࠕᨻ෭⤒෭ࠖ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ㸦ࣁ㸧 ࣇ࣮࣭ࢸ࢕࢔࣭ࣥࣈ࣮ࣥ༡ὒ⌮ᕤ኱Ꮫ෸ᩍᤵ
୰ᅜேࡣ⮬ศ㐩ࡀࠕ㧗ᅽⓗ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠖ࡜ࡣᛮࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
ࠕ⮬ಙࢆᣢࡘࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠖࡢ
ࡔ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୰ᅜࡣ᰾ᚰⓗ฼┈࡟ࡣᙉ◳࡟ฟࡿࠋୡ⏺㔠⼥༴ᶵ࠿ࡽ௚ᅜࡼࡾ࠸ࡕ᪩ࡃ
⬺ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ୰ᅜࡢ㦧ࡾ࡟⧅ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ

4ϩ ࠕ᪥࣭࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᑐヰࠖࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ➼㸯㸬ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ
᪥䞉䜰䝆䜰ኴᖹὒᑐヰJapan- Asia Pacific Dialogue䝟䝽䞊䞉䝖䝷䞁䝆䝅䝵䞁䛾୰䛾䜰䝆䜰ኴᖹὒ䠖ఱᴟ䛾᫬௦䛺䛾䛛The Asia-Pacific in Global Power Transition: How Many Great Powers?
䚷䚷ඹദ䠋Co-sponsored by䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䞉䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮 䠋 The Global Forum of Japan (GFJ)
᫂἞኱Ꮫ 䠋 Meiji Universityす䝅䝗䝙䞊኱Ꮫ㻌䠋㻌University of Western Sydney䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷 බ┈㈈ᅋἲே ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮 䠋 The Japan Forum on International Relations (JFIR)2014 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 11 ᪥䠄ᮌ䠅䠋 Thursday, 11th December, 2014᪥ᮏᶫ㧗ᓥᒇ䛂≉ู㣗ᇽ䛃䠋 "Special Dining Room," Takashimaya, Nihombashi, Tokyo㛤ᖥኤ㣗఍ *≉ูᣍᚅ⪅䛾䜏 䠋 Working Dinner *Invitation Only

18:30-20:30▼ᕝ䚷䚷⸅䚷䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䞉䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮ᇳ⾜ୡヰே䞉᪥ᮏᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮◊✲ᮏ㒊㛗㻌ISHIKAWA Kaoru, President, GFJ / Director of Research, JFIR2014 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 12 ᪥䠄㔠䠅䠋 Friday, 12th December, 2014䛆㠀බ㛤䝉䝑䝅䝵䞁䠋 Closed Session 䛇䚷᫂἞኱Ꮫᅜ㝿⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ䛂఍㆟ᐊ䛃䠋 "Conference Room,"Meiji Institute for Global Affairs (MIGA)㠀බ㛤䝉䝑䝅䝵䞁 䠋 Closed Session

10:00-12:00
䚷ฟᖍ⪅඲ဨ
䚷All Participants

12䠖00-13:00

䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷᫨㣗 䠋 Lunch䛆බ㛤䝉䝑䝅䝵䞁䠋 Open Session 䛇䚷᫂἞኱Ꮫ䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䝣䝻䞁䝖䛂䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䝩䞊䝹䛃䠋 "Global Hall,"Global Front, Meiji University㛤఍ᣵᣜ 䠋 Opening Remarks

13:30-13:40
㛤఍ᣵᣜ 䠄5ศ㛫䠅Opening Remarks (5 min.)ఀ⸨䚷᠇୍䚷䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䞉䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮௦⾲ୡヰே䞉᪥ᮏᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮⌮஦㛗
ITO Kenichi, Chairman, GFJ / President, JFIR㛤ᖥ䝉䝑䝅䝵䞁䠋Opening Session

13:40-14:10

ୡ⏺䛾ኚື䛸᪥ᮏThe World in Transition and Japanሗ࿌A 䠄15ศ㛫䠅Presenter A (15 min.)䝆䝵䞁䞉䝭䜰䝅䝱䜲䝬䞊䚷䝅䜹䝂኱Ꮫᩍᤵ
John MEARSHEIMER, Professor, The University of Chicago

ሗ࿌B 䠄15ศ㛫䠅Presenter B (15 min.)ఀ⸨䚷䚷๛䚷᪥ᮏᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮ୖᖍ◊✲ဨ䞉᫂἞኱ᏛᩍᤵITO Go, Superior Research Fellow, JFIR / Professor, Meiji University䝉䝑䝅䝵䞁䊠䠋Session I

14:10-15:45

䜰䝆䜰ኴᖹὒ䛾ኚື䛸᪥ᮏ
The Asia-Pacific in Transition and Japan㆟㛗 䠄5ศ㛫䠅
Chairperson (5 min.)▼ᕝ䚷䚷⸅䚷䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䞉䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮ᇳ⾜ୡヰே䞉᪥ᮏᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮◊✲ᮏ㒊㛗ISHIKAWA Kaoru, President, GFJ / Director of Research, JFIRሗ࿌A 䠄10ศ㛫䠅Presenter A (10 min.)䚷䝕䝡䝑䝗䞉䜴䜷䝹䝖䞁䚷す䝅䝗䝙䞊኱Ꮫ෸ᩍᤵ
䚷David WALTON, Senior Lecturer, University of Western Sydneyሗ࿌B 䠄10ศ㛫䠅Presenter B (10 min.)ᒣ⏣䚷ྜྷᙪ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ䚷YAMADA Yoshihiko, Professor, Tokai University

ሗ࿌C䠄10ศ㛫䠅
Presenter C (10 min.)㻌㻌ᯘ䚷䚷ṇ⩏䚷ྎ‴୰ኸ◊✲㝔Ḣ⨾◊✲ᡤ◊✲ဨ
㻌㻌LIN Cheng-yi, Research Fellow, Institute of European and American Studies, Academia Sinicaሗ࿌D 䠄10ศ㛫䠅Presenter D (10 min.)బ⸨䚷⪃୍䚷ᱜ⨾ᯘ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ
SATO Koichi, Professor, J. F. Oberlin University⮬⏤ウ㆟䠄50ศ䠅
Free Discussions (50 min.)ฟᖍ⪅඲ဨ
All Participants

15䠖45-15:55

䚷䚷䚷䚷ఇ᠁ 䠋 Break䝉䝑䝅䝵䞁䊡䠋Session䊡

15䠖55-17:30
㆟㛗 䠄5ศ㛫䠅
Chairperson (5 min.)୰ᅜ䛾ᑗ᮶䛸᪥ᮏ
China in the Future and Japanఀ⸨䚷䚷๛䚷᪥ᮏᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮ୖᖍ◊✲ဨ䞉᫂἞኱ᏛᩍᤵITO Go, Superior Research Fellow, JFIR / Professor, Meiji Universityሗ࿌A 䠄10ศ㛫䠅Presenter A (10 min.)䚷㛛㛫䚷⌮Ⰻ䚷㜵⾨◊✲ᡤ୺௵◊✲ᐁ
䚷MOMMA Rira, Professor, The National Institute of Defense Studies

ሗ࿌B 䠄10ศ㛫䠅Presenter B (10 min.)㻌㻌᫬䚷Ọ᫂䚷୰ᅜᅜ㝿ၥ㢟◊✲ᡤ๪◊✲ဨ䚷SHI Yongming, Associate Research Fellow, China Institute of International Studies

ሗ࿌C䠄10ศ㛫䠅
Presenter C (10 min.)䚷ᘪ㔝䚷ṇᏹ䚷᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫ⌧௦୰ᅜ◊✲ᡤᣍ⪸◊✲ဨ
䚷YUMINO Masahiro, Research Fellow, Waseda Institute of Contemporary Chinese Studiesሗ࿌D 䠄10ศ㛫䠅Presenter D (10 min.)㻌㻌䝣䞊䞉䝔䜱䜰䞁䞉䝤䞊䞁䚷༡ὒ⌮ᕤ኱Ꮫ෸ᩍᤵ
䚷HOO Tiang Boon, Assistant Professor, S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University⮬⏤ウ㆟䠄50ศ䠅䚷ฟᖍ⪅඲ဨ
䚷All Participants
Free Discussions (50 min.)[NOTE 䠹᪥ᮏㄒ䞉ⱥㄒྠ᫬㏻ヂ௜䛝䠋 English-Japanese simultaneous interpretation will be provided

5㸰㸬ฟᖍ⪅ྡ⡙࠙ࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺࠚఀ⸨ ᠇୍

ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ௦⾲ୡヰே㸭᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ⌮஦㛗ࢪ࣭࣑ࣙࣥ࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮     ࢩ࢝ࢦ኱Ꮫᩍᤵఀ⸨  ๛᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛୖᖍ◊✲ဨ㸭᫂἞኱Ꮫᩍᤵ▼ᕝ  ⸅ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛᇳ⾜ୡヰே㸭᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ◊✲ᮏ㒊㛗ࢹࣅࢵࢻ࣭࢛࢘ࣝࢺࣥ     すࢩࢻࢽ࣮኱Ꮫ෸ᩍᤵ
ᒣ⏣ ྜྷᙪ

ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫᩍᤵᯘ  ṇ⩏ྎ‴୰ኸ◊✲㝔Ḣ⨾◊✲ᡤ◊✲ဨబ⸨ ⪃୍

ᱜ⨾ᯘ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ㛛㛫 ⌮Ⰻ

㜵⾨◊✲ᡤ୺௵◊✲ᐁᘪ㔝 ṇᏹ

᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫ⌧௦୰ᅜ◊✲ᡤᣍ⪸◊✲ဨࣇ࣮࣭ࢸ࢕࢔࣭ࣥࣈ࣮ࣥ     ༡ὒ⌮ᕤ኱Ꮫ෸ᩍᤵ
㸦ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛⓏሙ㡰㸧࠙ฟᖍ⪅ࠚᮅᾏ ࿴ኵ

❧࿨㤋኱Ꮫᐈဨᩍᤵཌᕝ  ΅᭷Ἠ ࿴Ꮚ

ᮾி኱ᏛᏛ⾡ᨭ᥼ᑓ㛛⫋ဨ▼஭ ᬛஓ

᫂἞኱ᏛᏛ⏕▼஭ ᗣ⿱

᫂἞኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔⏕▼ᇉ Ὀྖ

࢔ࢪ࢔࢔ࣇࣜ࢝ἲᚊㅎၥጤဨ఍ጤဨ㸭እົ┬ཧ୚▼㒓ᒸ ᘓ

ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺ

୍ᲄ ㈗᫛

᫂἞኱ᏛᏛ⏕

ఀᮾ 㐨ኵ

➉୰ᕤົᗑᅜ㝿ᨭᗑ୰ᅜᐊ㛗ఀ⸨࿴ḷᏊ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㛗ᯘ  ㍕᱕㟷ᒣᏛ㝔኱Ꮫ෸ᩍᤵ

ఀⰋἼ┿⌮Ἃ     ᪩✄⏣኱ᏛᏛ⏕ࢲ࣒ࢹ࢕ࣥࢩ࣭࢚ࣗࣞࣥࣥࢡࣂ࢖࣮ࣖ     ᫂἞኱ᏛᏛ⏕ᒸ⏣ 㑥⏕

ࣟࢩ࢔㹌㹇㹑㈠᫆఍ࣟࢩ࢔㹌㹇㹑⤒῭◊✲ᡤ㒊㛗ᒸ㒊 ┤᫂

᫂἞኱Ꮫࣇ࢙࣮ࣟ

ᑠ⇃ ྩ⛅

㥔᪥⡿ᅜ኱౑㤋୺ᖍ㏻ヂᐁ㛗⏣ 㐩἞

࢔ࢪ࢔ㄪᰝ఍ᑓົ⌮஦ව஦ົᒁ㛗⧊⏣  ୍ᮅ᪥᪂⪺♫≉ὴဨຍ⸨ ࿴ᘯ

᪥ᮏ㟁Ẽ㸦㹌㹃㹁㸧ᾏእ஦ᴗ௻⏬ᮏ㒊୺ᖿ㔠Ꮚ ⩧ኴ

᫂἞኱ᏛᏛ⏕㔠⏣ 㯞ᕼࡳࡎ࡯ドๆ࢔ࢼࣜࢫࢺἙෆ  Ꮥࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺἙᮧ  ὒእ஺ホㄽᐙἙᮧ ᖿኵ

ከᦶ኱Ꮫྡ㄃ᩍᤵ

6ᮌᡞ ඃ㥴᫂἞኱ᏛᏛ⏕㔠  ㉳㈼㥔᪥㡑ᅜ኱౑㤋஧➼᭩グᐁᮌᮧ ཭ᙪ

࣏ࢫࢻࢡ◊✲⪅

ࢹ࢕ࣅࢵࢻ࣭ࢢࣛࢫ

㥔᪥࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔኱౑㤋ཧ஦ᐁᮌᬽ ṇ⩏

ඖᮾὒ኱Ꮫᩍᤵᑠ᳃ 㞝ኴ

ᾏὒᨻ⟇◊✲㈈ᅋ◊✲ဨࣅࢪ࣭ࣥࢥࣥࢫࢱࣥࢸ࢕ࣥ    㥔᪥ࣟࢩ࢔኱౑㤋✵࣭ᾏ㌷Ṋᐁ㏆⸨ ೺ᙪ

㯇⃝࣮࢜ࣉࣥ࢝ࣞࢵࢪㅮᖌᆏᮏ ṇᘯ

᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛୖᖍ◊✲ဨ㏕ ⚽୍㑻

࢜ࣜࢵࢡࢫ୙ື⏘㐠Ⴀ஦ᴗᮏ㒊㢳ၥ➲ᒸ 㞝୍

᫂἞኱Ꮫᩍᤵబ⸨  ு᫂἞኱ᏛᏛ⏕

᳝㇂ ె♸

᫂἞኱ᏛᏛ⏕

ሷぢ 㯞⏤

៞᠕⩏ሿ኱ᏛᏛ⏕ΎỈ ᩥᯞ

᫂἞኱Ꮫ㝔⏕ΎỈ ⩏࿴

᪥ᮏᅜ㐃༠఍ඖᖖົ⌮஦ᗉྖ ಟⰾ

㔝ᮧ⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࣭⏘ᴗࢯ࣮ࣜࣗࢩࣙࣥ➨୍஦ᴗᮏ㒊ࢭࣂࢫࢳ࣭ࣕࣥࢩࣙࣝ     㥔᪥Ḣᕞ㐃ྜ௦⾲㒊◊ಟ⏕㕥ᮌ ᬛᘯ

ಙᕞ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ㕥ᮌ ⨾຾

᫬஦㏻ಙゎㄝጤဨවࠕእ஺ࠖ⦅㞟㛗ࢯࣜࢹࢫ࣭ࢭ࣓ࣥࢽ࣮     ᫂἞኱Ꮫ㝔⏕㧗ᮌ Ύග

ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ᡓ␎ࢭࣥࢱ࣮௦⾲㧗ᶫ 㑥ኵ

᪥ᮏ⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ࣭ᅜᐙᡓ␎◊✲ᡤ๪⌮஦㛗㧗ᶫ  ⩧

᫂἞኱ᏛᏛ⏕㧗⏿ ὒᖹ

ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ஦ົᒁ㛗㧗ᒣ 㞞ྖ

ࢹ࢕ࣇ࢙ࣥࢫࣜࢧ࣮ࢳࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᑓ௵◊✲ጤဨ℧⃝  ᏹࢱ࢟ࢨ࣡࢔ࢯࢩ࢚࢖ࢶ௦⾲ྲྀ⥾ᙺሯ⏣ ៅஓ

᫂἞኱ᏛᏛ⏕ᅵ⏣ 㑥ኵ

࢔࢖ࢭ࢖⸆ᒁ⟶⌮ᮏ㒊㈈ົ࣭⤒⌮㒊⤒⌮ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉㄢ㛗ὠᏲ  ⁠

ᮾὒⱥ࿴ዪᏛ㝔኱Ꮫྡ㄃ᩍᤵ

㭯⏣  ᐿ஬᭶᭩ᡣ௦⾲ྲྀ⥾ᙺฟ஭ ⁠ಙ

ᖖ㝧ᆅᇦ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮⌮஦஦ົᒁ㛗ᑎ⃝ ඖ୍

እົ┬໭⡿୍ㄢ௻⏬ᐁᮾ㒓 ࿴ᙪ

ி㒔⏘ᴗ኱Ꮫୡ⏺ၥ㢟◊✲ᡤ㛗ෆ⸨ ṇஂ

᪥ᮏ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮⤒῭◊✲ᡤ㢳ၥ୰ᕝ ༑㑻

ྡྂᒇᕷ❧኱Ꮫ 22 ୡ⣖◊✲ᡤ≉௵ᩍᤵ୰ᓥ ᬛ㤶୰ᮧ ᐶ୕

ປാ᪂⪺♫ㄽㄝጤဨኟᮧ ᚨᙪ

᫂἞኱Ꮫ㝔⏕すᕝ ཭㈗᫂἞኱ᏛᏛ⏕す⏣ ௧୍

⏘⤒᪂⪺♫ㄽㄝጤဨ
7᪂⏣ ᐜᏊ

᪥ᮏᏳ඲ಖ㞀࣭༴ᶵ⟶⌮Ꮫ఍୺௵◊✲ဨ஧⎼ ᬕ㒓

ࡳࡎ࡯⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ๪♫㛗⿙⏣ ⱱᶞ

᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛホ㆟ဨ㸭᪂₲┴❧኱Ꮫᩍᤵⴗᑿ ༤ಙ

ඖࢽࢵࢭ࢖ᇶ♏◊✲ᡤ◊✲⌮஦⩚ሙஂ⨾Ꮚ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔኱Ꮫᩍᤵ

ᖹ⏣ ᑦ୕

᪥ᮏ㟁Ẽ㸦㹌㹃㹁㸧ࢩࢽ࢔࣐ࢿ࣮ࢪ࣮ࣕ

ᘅ℩ ᚭஓ

࢔ࢪ࢔࣭ኴᖹὒᅜ఍㆟ဨ㐃ྜ୰ኸ஦ົᒁ஦ົ⥲㛗ࣈ࣮࣭ࢳࣗ࢔࣭ࣥࣜࣥ     ᫂἞኱Ꮫ㝔⏕ྂ⃝ ᛅᙪ

ࢹ࢕ࣇ࢙ࣥࢫࣜࢧ࣮ࢳࢭࣥࢱ࣮◊✲ဨྂᒇ  ຊᮾὒᏛᅬ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ

ࢪ࣭࣑ࣙࣥ࣊ࣥࢢࢫ

ࣃࢩࣇ࢕ࢵࢡࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ㹁㹑㹇㹑◊✲ဨᇼཱྀ ᯇᇛ

᪥ᮏ኱Ꮫᐈဨᩍᤵ

ᵞ  ⱥᶞ

බົဨ࣐࣭࣐ࣟࣥࣜࢭࣇ

㥔᪥ࣟࢩ࢔኱౑㤋⫋ဨ୸ᒣ ဴᗈᮧୖ ኱௓

⏘⤒᪂⪺♫ㄽㄝ๪ጤဨ㛗ᒣ⃝ 㐓ᖹ

୍ᶫ኱Ꮫྡ㄃ᩍᤵ

ᒣ㔝 㝧୍

᪥❧〇సᡤႠᴗ⤫ᣓᮏ㒊ᡓ␎ࢧ࣏࣮ࢺᮏ㒊㛗‫‮‬ୗ ༤அẸ㛫እ஺᥎㐍༠఍ᑓົ⌮஦ྜྷ㔜ࡣࡿࡳᮤ  Ọᶞ᫂἞኱Ꮫ࣏ࢫࢺࢻࢡࢺࣛࣝ◊✲ဨᮤ   ᾏ㤶Ώ㎶ ⣸஀

ୖᬛ኱Ꮫ෸ᩍᤵ

Ώ㎶ ᨻᘺ

ὒᏛྐᏛ఍⌮஦Ώ㎶  ⧛ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛᖖ௵ୡヰே㸭᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛᖖົ⌮஦㸦஬༑㡢㡰㸧

⾨ᫍࢸࣞࣅᮾிᨭᒁ≉ὴဨ

8㸱㸬ࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺࡢᶓ㢦䛆ᾏእഃ䝟䝛䝸䝇䝖䛇          ࢩ࢝ࢦ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ

ࢪ࣭࣑ࣙࣥ࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮

㸯㸷㸶㸯ᖺࢥ࣮ࢿࣝ኱Ꮫ࡟࡚༤ኈྕ㸦ᨻ἞Ꮫ㸧ࢆྲྀᚓࠋࢩ࢝ࢦ኱Ꮫᨻ἞Ꮫ㒊࡛ຓᩍᤵ㸦㸯㸷㸶㸰㹼㸯㸷㸶㸲㸧ࠊ෸ᩍᤵ㸦㸯㸷㸶㸲㹼㸯㸷㸶㸵㸧ࠊᩍᤵ㸦㸯㸷㸶㸵㹼㸯㸷㸷㸳㸧ࠊHarrison Chair㸦㸯㸷㸶㸵㹼⌧ᅾ㸧ࠊᏛ㒊㛗㸦㸯㸷㸶㸷㹼㸯㸷㸷㸰㸧ࠊࣁ࣮ࣂ࣮ࢻ኱Ꮫ࣮࢜ࣜࣥᡓ␎◊✲ᡤᐈဨᩍᤵ➼ࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ⌧⫋ࠋ⌧ᅾࠊ㹐㸬࢙࢘ࣥࢹ࣭ࣝࣁࣜࢯࣥ≉ูグᛕᩍᤵࡸࢩ࢝ࢦ኱Ꮫᅜ㝿Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀ᨻ⟇ඹྠࢹ࢕ࣞࢡࢱ࣮ࢆව௵ࠋⴭసࡢࠗ኱
ᅜᨻ἞ࡢᝒ๻࠘ࡣ୰ᅜㄒࠊࢠࣜࢩࣕㄒࠊ࢖ࢱࣜ࢔ㄒࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࠊ㡑ᅜㄒࠊ࣏ࣝࢺ࢞ࣝㄒࠊ࣮࣐ࣝࢽ࢔ㄒࠊ
ࢭࣝࣅ࢔ㄒࡢ㸶ࣨᅜㄒ࡟⩻ヂࡉࢀࡓࠋࢹࣅࢵࢻ࣭࢛࢘ࣝࢺࣥ                    すࢩࢻࢽ࣮኱Ꮫ෸ᩍᤵ

ࢡ࢖࣮ࣥࢬࣛࣥࢻ኱Ꮫ࡟࡚༤ኈྕࢆྲྀᚓࠋእ஺ྐࠊእ஺ᨻ⟇ࠊ᪥㇦ᡓᚋ㛵ಀࢆ◊✲ࠋ㸯㸷㸷㸳ᖺ࠿ࡽࢢࣜࣇ࢕ࢫ኱Ꮫࠊࢱࢫ࣐ࢽ࢔኱Ꮫࠊすࢩࢻࢽ࣮኱Ꮫ࡛ᩍ㠴ࢆ࡜ࡿࠋⴭస࡟ࠊNew Approaches to Human
Security in the Asia Pacific: China, Japan and Australia㸦࢘࢕ࣜ࢔࣒࣭ࢺ࢘ࠊ࣭࣮ࣜ࢟࢝ࢫࢸࣥ࡜ඹ
⦅ⴭࠊAshgateࠊ㸰㸮㸯㸱ᖺ㸧
ࠊAustralia, Japan and the Region, 1952 to 1965: Early Initiatives inRegional Diplomacy㸦Novaࠊ㸰㸮㸯㸰ᖺ㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᮾி኱ᏛἲᏛᨻ἞Ꮫ⛉᪥ᮏ㈈ᅋࣇ࢙࣮ࣟࢆවົࠋᯘ  ṇ⩏                          ྎ‴୰ኸ◊✲㝔Ḣ⨾◊✲ᡤ◊✲ဨ㸯㸷㸶㸵ᖺࣦ࢓࣮ࢪࢽ࢔኱Ꮫ࡟࡚༤ኈྕ㸦እ஺ၥ㢟㸧ࢆྲྀᚓࠋ୰ኸ◊✲㝔Ḣ⨾◊✲ᡤ㛗㸦㸯㸷㸷㸶㹼㸰㸮㸮㸱㸧ࠊᅜ❧ᨻ἞኱Ꮫᅜ㝿୰ᚰ୺௵㸦㸰㸮㸮㸲㹼㸰㸮㸮㸳㸧ࠊ୰ኸ◊✲㝔ளኴ༊ᇦ◊✲ᑓ㢟୰ᚰᇳ⾜㛗㸦㸰㸮㸮㸷㹼㸰㸮㸯㸰㸧ࢆṔ௵ࠋⴭస࡟ࠊRise of China: Beijing’s Strategies and Implications for the
Asia-Pacific㸦ⷜ᪂↥࡜ඹ⦅ⴭࠊRoutledgeࠊ㸰㸮㸮㸷ᖺ㸧
ࠊThe Future of United States, China, andTaiwan 㸦ࢹࢽ࣮࣭ࣟ࢖࡜ඹ⦅ⴭࠊPalgrave Macmillanࠊ㸰㸮㸯㸯ᖺ㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ᫬  Ọ᫂                            ୰ᅜᅜ㝿ၥ㢟◊✲ᡤ๪◊✲ဨ᚟᪦኱Ꮫᅜ㝿ᨻ἞Ꮫ㒊༞ᴗࠋ㛗ᖺ࡟ࢃࡓࡾ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒၥ㢟࡜ᅜ㝿ᡓ␎ၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ㥔኱㜰୰ᅜ⥲㡿஦㤋࡛㡿஦ࢆົࡵࡓࠋⴭస࡟ࠊ“Constructing an International System that Corresponds to
a Harmonious World”㸦㒌㟈㐲⦅ Building a Harmonious World: Theory and PracticeࠊWorld Affairs
Pressࠊ㸰㸮㸮㸶ᖺ㸧
ࠊ“The Impact of U.S. Financial Crisis on International Structure”㸦
ࠗᖹ࿴࡜Ⓨᒎ࠘
㸰㸮㸮㸷ᖺ➨㸲ᮇ㸧ࠊ“Barrack Obama’s East Asia Policies and Regional Construction”㸦
ࠗᖹ࿴࡜Ⓨᒎ࠘
㸰㸮㸯㸮ᖺ➨㸯ᮇ㸧࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࣇ࣮࣭ࢸ࢕࢔࣭ࣥࣈ࣮ࣥ                          ༡ὒ⌮ᕤ኱Ꮫ෸ᩍᤵ
࢜ࢵࢡࢫࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ኱Ꮫ࡟࡚༤ኈྕ㸦ᅜ㝿㛵ಀ㸧ࢆྲྀᚓࠋ୰ᅜእ஺Ꮫ㝔ᐈဨ◊✲ဨࠊୖᾏ♫఍⛉Ꮫ㝔ᐈဨ◊✲ဨࠊୖᾏᅜ㝿ၥ㢟◊✲ᡤᐈဨ◊✲ဨࢆṔ௵ࠋ⡿࣭ࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝᡓ␎ᑐヰࠊ㡑࣭ࢩ࣏࣮࣭ࣥ࢞ࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࠊASEAN 㜵⾨Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀ᶵ㛵ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ➼ࡢእ஺ᵓ᝿࡟㛵ࢃࡗࡓࠋ୰ᅜࠊ୧ᓊ㛵ಀࠊ⡿୰㛵ಀ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⴭసࡀ࠶ࡿࠋS㸬ࣛࢪࣕࣛࢺࢼ࣒ᅜ㝿㛵ಀᏛ㝔࢔ࢪ࢔◊✲ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࣭ࣛࢥ࣮ࢹ࢕ࢿ࣮ࢱ࣮ࢆව௵ࠋ

9䛆᪥ᮏഃ䝟䝛䝸䝇䝖䛇ఀ⸨ ᠇୍            ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ௦⾲ୡヰே㸭᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ⌮஦㛗㸯㸷㸴㸮ᖺ୍ᶫ኱ᏛἲᏛ㒊ࢆ༞ᴗࡋࠊእົ┬࡟ධ┬ࠋࣁ࣮ࣂ࣮ࢻ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔␃Ꮫࠋᅾࢯࠊᅾẚࠊᅾ⡿ྛ኱౑㤋᭩グᐁࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ᒁ༡ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔୍ㄢ㛗➼ࢆṔ௵ࡋࠊ㸯㸷㸵㸵ᖺ㏥ᐁࠋ㸯㸷㸶㸮ᖺ࡟㟷ᒣᏛ㝔኱Ꮫຓᩍᤵࠊ⡿ᡓ␎ᅜ㝿ၥ㢟◊✲ᡤ㸦CSIS㸧ᮾி௦⾲࡟ᑵ௵ࡋࡓࡀࠊ㸯㸷㸶㸵ᖺ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ๰タ࡟ཧ⏬ࡋࠊ⌧ᅾྠ⌮஦㛗ࠊᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ඹྠయホ㆟఍఍㛗ࠊ㟷ᒣᏛ㝔኱Ꮫྡ㄃ᩍᤵ➼ࢆව௵ࡍࡿࠋ㸰㸮㸯㸯ᖺ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࢔኱Ꮫࡼࡾᅜ㝿ၥ㢟ྡ㄃༤ኈྕࢆ㉗ࡽࢀࡓࠋఀ⸨  ๛                    ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛୖᖍ◊✲ဨ㸭᫂἞኱Ꮫᩍᤵ
㸯㸷㸷㸵ᖺࢹࣥࣂ࣮኱Ꮫᅜ㝿㛵ಀㄽ༤ኈㄢ⛬ಟ஢ᚋࠊ᫂἞኱Ꮫᑓ௵ㅮᖌࠊ෸ᩍᤵࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ㸰㸮㸮㸴ᖺࡼࡾ⌧⫋ࠋࡇࡢ㛫ࠊ໭ி኱Ꮫ㸦୰ᅜ㸧ࠊ୰ኸ◊✲㝔㸦ྎ‴㸧
ࠊࣈࣜࢫࢺࣝ኱Ꮫ㸦ⱥᅜ㸧ࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ᅜ❧኱Ꮫࠊࣅࢡࢺࣜ࢔኱Ꮫ㸦࢝ࢼࢲ㸧࡟࡚ᐈဨᩍᤵࠊୖᬛ኱Ꮫཬࡧ᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫ㠀ᖖ໅ㅮᖌࠊཧ㆟㝔ᐈဨㄪᰝဨࢆົࡵࡿࠋ㸰㸮㸮㸳ᖺ࡟ࡣ࢔࢖ࢮࣥࣁ࣮࣭࣡ࣇ࢙࣮ࣟࢩࢵࣉࠊ㸰㸮㸮㸴ᖺ࡟ࡣ୰᭮᰿ᗣᘯ㈹ࢆཷ㈹ࠋ
   ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛᇳ⾜ୡヰே㸭᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛᑓົ⌮஦▼ᕝ  ⸅   㸯㸷㸵㸰ᖺᮾி኱ᏛἲᏛ㒊ࢆ༞ᴗᚋࠊእົ┬࡟ධ┬ࠋ௖ Ecole Nationale d’Administration ␃Ꮫࠋⱥᅜ
㝿ᡓ␎◊✲ᡤ㸦IISS㸧ࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ࢔ࢯࢩ࢚࣮ࢺࠊᅾ௖኱౑㤋බ౑ࠊἈ⦖㹅㸶ࢧ࣑ࢵࢺ࣭ࢧࣈࢩ࢙ࣝࣃࠊ᪥
ᮏᅜ㝿ၥ㢟◊✲ᡤᡤ㛗௦⾜ࠊᅜ㝿♫఍༠ຊ㒊㛗ࠊ⤒῭ᒁ㛗ව㹅㸶ࢧ࣑ࢵࢺ࣭ࢧࣈࢩ࢙ࣝࣃࠊᅾ࢚ࢪࣉࢺ
኱౑ࠊᅾ࢝ࢼࢲ኱౑➼ࢆṔ௵ࠋࡑࡢ㛫࡟᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫࠊᮾி኱Ꮫ࡛ࡢᩍṔ࠶ࡾࠋ㸰㸮㸯㸱ᖺࡼࡾ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛᑓົ⌮஦࣭◊✲ᮏ㒊㛗ࠊᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ඹྠయホ㆟఍ᖖ௵๪㆟㛗ࢆව௵ࠋᒣ⏣ ྜྷᙪ                                   ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ
Ꮫ⩦㝔኱Ꮫࢆ༞ᴗᚋࠊᇸ⋢኱Ꮫ࡟࡚༤ኈྕ㸦⤒῭Ꮫ㸧ࢆྲྀᚓࠋᮾὒಙク㖟⾜㔠⼥ಖ㞀㒊㛛ドๆᕷሙㄢࢺ
࣮ࣞࢲ࣮㸦㸯㸷㸶㸷㹼㸯㸷㸷㸯㸧
ࠊ᪥ᮏ㈈ᅋᾏὒࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㛗㸦㸯㸷㸷㸯㹼㸰㸮㸮㸶㸧ࠊᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ෸ᩍᤵ㸦㸰㸮㸮㸶㸧ࠊྠᩍᤵ㸦㸰㸮㸮㸷㹼⌧ᅾ㸧ࢆṔ௵ࠋᮾᾏ኱Ꮫᾏὒ◊✲ᡤḟ㛗ࢆව௵ࠋబ⸨ ⪃୍         ᱜ⨾ᯘ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ 㸯㸷㸶㸱ᖺᮾி㒔❧኱Ꮫ༞ᴗᚋࠊ㸰㸮㸮㸷ᖺ᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔࡟࡚༤ኈྕྲྀᚓࠋ᪥❧໬ᡂᕤᴗᰴᘧ఍♫ᅜ㝿஦ᴗ㒊ࠊ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ၥ㢟◊✲ᡤ◊✲ဨࠊᮾ༡࢔ࢪ࢔◊✲ᡤᐈဨ◊✲ဨࠊᱜ⨾ᯘ኱Ꮫຓᩍᤵ➼ࢆ⤒࡚⌧⫋ࠋᾏୖ⮬⾨㝲ᖿ㒊ᏛᰯᣦᑟᩍᐁࠊᾏୖಖᏳᗇᨻ⟇࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢨ࣮➼ࢆවົࠋ㛛㛫 ⌮Ⰻ                               㜵⾨◊✲ᡤ୺௵◊✲ᐁ㸯㸷㸷㸱ᖺಟኈྕࢆྲྀᚓࠋ㸯㸷㸷㸷ᖺ⟃Ἴ኱ᏛṔྐ࣭ே㢮Ꮫ༤ኈㄢ⛬ಟ஢ࠋ㟘ᒣ఍ᐈဨ◊✲ဨ㸦㸯㸷㸷㸵㸧ࠊ஺ὶ༠఍ྎ໭஦ົᡤ◊✲ဨ㸦㸯㸷㸷㸵㹼㸰㸮㸮㸮㸧ࠊ㥔୰ᅜ᪥ᮏᅜ኱౑㤋◊✲ဨ㸦㸰㸮㸮㸮㹼㸰㸮㸮㸯㸧ࠊᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ᩍ⛉᭩ᑓ㛛ᐁࢆṔ௵ࠋ㸰㸮㸮㸶ᖺࡼࡾᣅṪ኱Ꮫᐈဨᩍᤵࢆව௵ࠋ
ᘪ㔝 ṇᏹ                        ᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫ⌧௦୰ᅜ◊✲ᡤᣍ⪸◊✲ဨ㸰㸮㸮㸱ᖺ໭ி኱Ꮫ࡟࡚ಟኈྕ㸦እ஺Ꮫ㸧ࢆྲྀᚓࠋ㸰㸮㸮㸶ᖺ᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫᨻ἞Ꮫ༤ኈㄢ⛬ಟ஢ࠋ᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫ⌧௦୰ᅜ◊✲ᡤᐈဨㅮᖌ㸦㸰㸮㸮㸶㸧ࠊே㛫ᩥ໬◊✲ᶵᵓ◊✲ဨࢆṔ௵ࠋⴭస࡟ࠊ
ࠕ୰ᅜࠗᅜ㜵ᩍ⫱ἲ࠘ࡢไᐃ࡜᪋⾜ࠖ㸦ࠗ᪩✄⏣ᨻ἞⤒῭Ꮫ㞧ㄅ࠘㸰㸮㸮㸵ᖺ㸱㸴㸷ྕ㸳㸶㹼㸵㸵㡫㸧ࠊࠕᆅᇦᐦ╔ᆺ㌷㝲࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ୰ᅜேẸゎᨺ㌷ࠖ㸦ࠗ࣡ࢭࢲ࣭࢔ࢪ࢔ࣞࣅ࣮ࣗ࠘㹌㹭㸬㸯㸮ࠊ㸴㸴㹼㸵㸯㡫㸧࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
(ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛⓏሙ㡰)10Ϫ ࠕ᪥࣭࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᑐヰࠖ㏿グ㘓㸯㛤఍ᣵᣜ
Ώ㎶⧛㸦ྖ఍㸧  ⓙᵝࠊࡲࡶ࡞ࡃᐃ้ࡢ㸯᫬༙࡟࡞ࢁ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡓࡔ࠸ࡲ࠿ࡽࠊ᪥࣭࢔ࢪ࢔ኴ
ᖹὒᑐヰࠕࣃ࣮࣭࣡ࢺࣛࣥࢪࢩࣙࣥࡢ୰ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ㸸ఱᴟࡢ᫬௦࡞ࡢ࠿ࠖࢆጞࡵࡲࡍࠋ ⚾ࡣᮏ᪥ࡢྖ఍㐍⾜ࢆົࡵࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛᖖ௵ୡヰேࡢΏ㎶⧛࡜⏦ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ᮏ᪥ࡣࠊከᩘࡢⓙᵝ࡟ࡇࡢᑐヰ࡟ࡈཧຍ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆࠊࡲࡎࡣᚚ♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᮏ᪥ࡢᑐヰࡣࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࠊⱥㄒࡢྠ᫬㏻ヂ࡟ࡼࡾ㐍ࡵ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏㄒࡣ࠾ᡭඖࡢ࢖ࣖ࣍ࣥࡢࢳࣕࣥ
ࢿࣝ㸯࡛ࠊⱥㄒࡣࢳࣕࣥࢿࣝ㸰࡛࠾⪺ࡁࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊྠ᫬㏻ヂࡢ࢖ࣖ࣍ࣥࡣࠊࡈ㏥ᖍࡢ㝿࡟ࡣᚲࡎ఍
ሙධࡾཱྀࡢཷ௜࡬ࡈ㏉༷࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࡼ࠺ࠊࡈ༠ຊࢆ࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ᮏ᪥ࡢᑐヰࡣࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࠊ᫂἞኱Ꮫࠊすࢩࢻࢽ࣮኱Ꮫࠊ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ࡜ࡢඹദ࡟
ࡼࡿ఍㆟࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡓࠊᮏ᪥ࡣࠊ࠾ᡭඖࡢ఍㆟㈨ᩱࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡟ἢࡗ࡚㐍⾜࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࡀࠊ୰ᅜࡼࡾฟᖍࢆணᐃࡋ࡚࠾
ࡾࡲࡋࡓ᫬Ọ᫂ඛ⏕ࡣࠊ୍᫖᪥࡟ࡈ㐃⤡ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊᾏእฟᙇࡢᡭ⥆ࡀ㛫࡟ྜࢃࡎࠊṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽࡈ᮶
᪥ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ࠾▱ࡽࡏ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ᫬ඛ⏕ࡢⓎゝணᐃࡢཎ✏ࡣࠊ఍㆟㈨ᩱ࡟཰㘓ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡼࢁࡋࡅࢀࡤࡈཧ↷࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
㸦ᮏሗ࿌᭩ࠊ㸶㸮࣮࣌ࢪཧ↷㸧 ࡛ࡣࠊึࡵ࡟ࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ௦⾲ୡヰேࠊ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ⌮஦㛗࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍఀ⸨᠇୍ࡼ
ࡾࠊᮏ᪥ࡢᑐヰࡢ㛤఍ࡢࡈ࠶࠸ࡉࡘࢆ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ
ఀ⸨᠇୍㸦ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ௦⾲ୡヰே࣭᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ⌮஦㛗㸧  ⓙࡉࢇࠊఀ⸨᠇୍࡛ࡈ
ࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡓࡧࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࠊ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࡀࠊ᫂἞኱Ꮫࠊすࢩࢻࢽ࣮኱Ꮫ࡜ࡢ
ඹദ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ᪥࣭࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᑐヰࠕࣃ࣮࣭࣡ࢺࣛࣥࢪࢩࣙࣥࡢ୰ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ㸸ఱᴟࡢ᫬௦࡞ࡢ࠿ࠖ
ࢆ㛤ദࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡲࡇ࡜࡟Ḡᛌ࡟ࡓ࠼ࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇࡢ఍㆟࡟ཧຍࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᾏእ࠿ࡽ࠾
㉺ࡋ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࢪ࣭࣑ࣙࣥ࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮࣭ࢩ࢝ࢦ኱Ꮫᩍᤵࠊࢹࣅࢵࢻ࣭࢛࢘ࣝࢺࣥすࢩࢻࢽ࣮኱Ꮫ෸ᩍᤵ
ࢆึࡵ࡜ࡍࡿⓙᵝࠊࡲࡓࠊ᪥ᮏഃࢆ௦⾲ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ఍㆟࡟ࡈཧຍ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚࠸ࡿఀ⸨๛᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛୖᖍ◊✲ဨව᫂἞኱Ꮫᩍᤵࢆึࡵ࡜ࡍࡿ᪥ᮏഃࡢཧຍ⪅ࡢⓙᵝࠊᨵࡵ࡚ࡈ༠ຊ࡟ឤㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ
࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࡣࠊ㸯㸷㸶㸰ᖺࡢⓎ㊊௨᮶ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛㸱㸮ᖺ௨ୖ࡟ࢃࡓࡾࠊୡ⏺ྛᅜࡢ࢝࢘ࣥ
ࢱ࣮ࣃ࣮ࢺ࡜▱ⓗ࡞ᑐヰࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࠊ≉࡟㞴ࡋ࠸᫬ᮇ࡟㞴ࡋ࠸┦ᡭ࡜ࡢᑐヰࢆ⤌⧊ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊᨻᗓ㛫እ஺ࢆ⿵࠺ᙧ࡛ࡑࢀ࡞ࡾࡢᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ౛࠼ࡤࠊ᪥⡿㈠᫆ᦶ᧿ࡀ᭱ࡶ⃭ࡋ࠿ࡗࡓ㸯㸷㸶㸮ᖺ௦࡟ࡣࠊከᩘࡢ᪥⡿ᑐヰࢆ⤌⧊ࡋࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ᫖௒࡛

11ࡣࠊ୰ᅜࠊ㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌ㅖᅜ࡜ࡢᑐヰ࡟ὀຊࡍࡿ୍᪉ࠊᨻᗓࡢᆅ⌫൤ಠ▔እ஺࡟࿧ᛂࡋ࡚ࠊ㯮ᾏᆅᇦࡸࢥ࣮
࢝ࢧࢫᆅ᪉ࡢㅖᅜ࡜ࠊ౯್ほࢆࡵࡄࡿᑐヰࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑐヰࡣࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶᮏ᪥࠾㞟ࡲࡾ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ྛᅜࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿᏛ⪅ࠊ◊✲⪅ࠊࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺࡢⓙᵝࡢࡈཧຍ࡜ࡈ㧗ぢࢆᚓ࡚ྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᨵࡵ࡚ᮏ᪥ࡈฟᖍࠊࡈཧຍ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚࠸
ࡿⓙᵝࢆึࡵ࡜ࡍࡿ㛵ಀྛ఩ࡢⓙᵝ࡟ᩗពࢆ⾲᫂ࡋࡓ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠋ ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ
ᮏ᪥ࡢ఍㆟ࢆඹദࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍබ┈㈈ᅋἲே᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࡣࠊ
᪥ᮏࡢእ஺ᅜ㝿ၥ㢟࡟㛵ࡍࡿ࣮ࣜࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ࣭ࢩࣥࢡࢱࣥࢡ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᐃᮇⓗ࡟ᨻ⟇ᥦゝࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ
ᮏᖺ㸶᭶࡟ࡣࠊ
ࠕ✚ᴟⓗᖹ࿴୺⩏࡜᪥ᮏࡢ㐍㊰ࠖ࡜㢟ࡍࡿᥦゝࢆୡ࡟ၥ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋᮏ᪥ࡢࢸ࣮࣐࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲ
ࡍࠕࣃ࣮࣭࣡ࢺࣛࣥࢪࢩࣙࣥࡢ୰ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ㸸ఱᴟࡢ᫬௦࡞ࡢ࠿ࠖ࡜ࡶᐦ᥋࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡗࡓၥ㢟ព㆑࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࠊᮏ᪥ࡢ㆟ㄽࡢᡂࡾ⾜ࡁ࡟ὀ┠ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ୍᪉࡛ࠊ୰ᅜࡢᨻ἞ⓗ࣭⤒῭ⓗ࣭㌷஦ⓗ࡞ྎ㢌ࡀゝࢃࢀࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠊ௚᪉࡛
⡿ᅜእ஺ࡢࣆ࣎ࢵࢺࠊ㍈㊊ࡀࠊ୰ᮾ࠿ࡽ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟㌿᥮ࡉࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡶゝࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞᝟
ໃࡢ᥎⛣ࢆ᪥ᮏࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ཷࡅ࡜ࡵࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᑐᛂࡍ࡭ࡁ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋᮏ᪥ࡣࠊ㛵ಀㅖᅜࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡸ᭷㆑⪅ࡢⓙᵝࡀ୍ྠ࡟఍ࡋ࡚㆟ㄽࡉࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࠊάⓎ࡞㆟ㄽࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ✚ᴟⓗ࠿ࡘᘓタⓗ࡞㆟ㄽࡢᒎ㛤࡟ᮇᚅࡋ࡚ࠊ㛤఍ࡢࡈ࠶࠸ࡉࡘ࡜ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ࡝࠺ࡶ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
㸦ᢿᡭ㸧
Ώ㎶⧛㸦ྖ఍㸧  ࡝࠺ࡶ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ⥆࠸࡚ࠊ࣮࢜ࣉࣥࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࠊ
ࠕୡ⏺ࡢኚື࡜᪥ᮏࠖ࡟࠾ࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ௒ᅇࡀึ᮶᪥࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍࢩ࢝ࢦ኱Ꮫ
ᩍᤵࡢ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕ࡼࡾࡈሗ࿌ࢆ㸯㸳ศ㛫࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ㸰㸬㛤ᖥࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࠕୡ⏺ࡢኚື࡜᪥ᮏࠖሗ࿌㸿㸸ୡ⏺ࡢኚື࡜᪥ᮏ
ࢪ࣭࣑ࣙࣥ࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮㸦ࢩ࢝ࢦ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ㸧  ᮏ᪥ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟࠾ᣍࡁࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡟㛵ࡋࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࠊ᫂἞኱Ꮫࠊ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡓࠊఀ⸨ᩍᤵ࡟࠾࠿ࢀࡲࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡈᑾຊ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋᮏ᪥ࡢヰ㢟ࡣࠊࠕࣃ࣮࣭࣡ࢺࣛࣥࢪࢩࣙࣥࡢ୰ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ࡛ࠖࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶୡ⏺ࡢኚື࡜᪥ᮏ࡜࠸࠺ࢭࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ࠶
ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ㸱ࡘࡢࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ

12 ࡲࡎࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣃ࣮࣡ࣂࣛࣥࢫࡢኚ໬࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ≉࡟ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࡛ࡍࠋ㸰␒┠ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡀ
ࡇࡢᆅᇦ࡟࡝ࢇ࡞⤖ᯝࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ㸱␒┠ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚࡝ࢇ࡞⤖ᯝࡀࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡿࡢ࠿
࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ ࡲࡎࠊ➨㸯Ⅼ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢᆅᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣃ࣮࣡ࣂࣛࣥࢫࡢኚ໬࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ෭ᡓࡀ⤊ࢃࡗࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟⡿ᅜࡣࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶᆅ⌫ୖ᭱ࡶຊࡢ࠶ࡿᅜ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣ␲࠸ࡢ࡞࠸࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊ୍ᴟ᫬௦࡟࡞
ࡗࡓ࡜ⓙᛮࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ኱య㸰㸳ᖺ๓ࡄࡽ࠸࡟෭ᡓ᫬௦ࡀ⤊஢ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢᚋࠊ୰ᅜࡀึࡵ࡚㸯㸷㸶㸷ᖺ࡟ྎ㢌ࡢ඙ࡋࢆぢࡏࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽᘬࡁ⥆ࡁ┠ぬࡲࡋ࠸ࢫࣆ࣮ࢻ࡛ᡂ㛗ࡋ⥆ࡅࡲࡋࡓࠋ⌧ᅾࠊከࡃࡢேࡣࠊ୰
ᅜ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ⡿ᅜ࡜࡯ࡰ༉ᩛࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋࡶࡋ࠿ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ⡿ᅜࢆ෽㥙ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࡇࢁࡲ࡛᮶࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ᆅᇦࡢ୰࡛⏦ࡋୖࡆࡽࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊ୰ᅜ࡜࠸
࠺ࡢࡣ኱ࡁ࡞᭷฼࡞Ⅼࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ ࡲࡎࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࠋ⡿ᅜࡣ㸴㸮㸮㸮࣐࢖ࣝࡶ࢔ࢪ࢔࠿ࡽ㞳ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ⡿ᅜ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㌷ຊࠊᢞᑕࡢၥ㢟ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୰ᅜࡣࡇࡇ࡟࠸ࡲࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ⡿ᅜࡢၥ㢟ࡣᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜
࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ࡛ࡣఱࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊ᫬㛫ࡀࡓ࡚ࡤࡓࡘ࡯࡝ࠊࣃ࣮࣡ࣂࣛࣥࢫࡀ୰ᅜࡢ᭷฼࡟ື
࠸࡚࠸ࡃࠋࢩࣇࢺࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ ⌧ᅾࠊ୰ᅜࡣ㸯㸲൨ேࡢேཱྀ࡛ࡍࠋ⡿ᅜࡢሙྜࡣࠊ㸱൨㸰㸳㸮㸮୓࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊࡇࢀࢆぢࡲࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ୰ᅜ
ࡣ㸯ேᙜࡓࡾࡢ㹅㹂㹎࡛ࠊྎ‴࡜࠿㤶࡜࠿㡑ᅜ࡜ẚ࡭ࡲࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ㸱ಸࡄࡽ࠸⡿ᅜࢆ෽㥙ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ

ࡔࢁ࠺࡜⪃࠼ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࢯ㐃㑥ࡀࡑࡢ᭱┒ᮇ࡟࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊ⡿ᅜࡢᐩࡢ㸱ศࡢ㸯ࡋ࠿ᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗ
ࡓࠋேཱྀࡣྠࡌࡄࡽ࠸ࡔࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋࢯ㐃㑥ࡣࠊ᭱┒ᮇ࡟⡿ᅜ࡜ྠࡌࡄࡽ࠸ࡢேཱྀ࡛ࠊࡓࡔࠊᐩ
ࡢ⵳✚ࡣ㸱ศࡢ㸯࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ୰ᅜ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ኱ࡁ࡞ྎ‴࡟࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ኱యேཱྀࡣྎ‴ࡢ㸲ಸࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊᐩࡢ⵳✚ࡣ㸱ಸ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ⡿ᅜࡣ୰ᅜ࡟ᑐฎࡍࡿ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊ࢝ࣜࣇ࢛ࣝࢽ࢔࠿ࡽఱ
༓࣐࢖ࣝࡶ㞳ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⯙ྎ❧࡚࡛ࡣࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࣃ࣮࣡ࣂࣛࣥࢫ࡟ఱࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ࠿ࠋ୰
ᅜࡣࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡶྎ㢌ࡋ⥆ࡅࢀࡤࠊࣃ࣮࣡ࣂࣛࣥࢫ࡟࡝ࢇ࡞ኚ໬ࡀ㉳ࡁࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ ⯆࿡῝࠸㉁ၥ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ౛࠼ࡤࠊ୰ᅜࡀࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡶᘬࡁ⥆ࡁࠊࡇࡢ┠ぬࡲࡋ࠸ྎ㢌ࢆ⥆ࡅࡿ࡜ࡋࡓ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ
ࡇࡢᆅᇦࠊᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟࡝ࢇ࡞⤖ᯝࡀฟࡿ࠿ࠋࡲࡓࡣ࢔ࢪ࢔඲ᇦ࡟࡝ࢇ࡞ᙳ㡪ࡀฟࡿ࠿࡜⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ
ⓙᵝࡈᏑࡌࡢ࡜࠾ࡾࠊ⚾ࡶ㛗ࡃ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ୰ᅜࡣᖹ࿴⿬࡟ྎ㢌ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜ゝࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ୰ᅜࡀ⤒῭ⓗ࡟ᡂ㛗ࡋ⥆ࡅࢀࡤࠊఱࢆࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠼ࡤࠊࡑࡢ⤒῭ຊࢆ㌷஦ຊ࡟㌿᥮ࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺
࡜ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ࢆᨭ㓄ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ⡿ᅜࡀす༙⌫࡟ඃໃࢆಖࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡜ྠࡌᙧ࡛ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔
࡟ඃໃࢆಖࡘࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋᆅᇦⓗ࡞ぞᶒᅜ࡟࡞ࢁ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ ࡶࡋ୰ᅜࡀࡇࡢ┠ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡓ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ໭ி࠿ࡽぢࢀࡤࡇࢀࡣ㢪ࡗࡓࡾ࠿࡞ࡗࡓࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ே
࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᆅᇦࡢぞᶒᅜ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ࠸࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀす༙⌫࡟ඃໃࢆಖࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ࠸࠸
ࡇ࡜ࡔ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡶࡋ⚾ࡀ୰ᅜேࡔࡗࡓࡽࠊࡇࢇ࡞≧ἣࡣ࡜࡚ࡶẼ࡟ධࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡢᅜࠊ୰ᅜࡀ࢔ࢪ࢔࡛ᨭ㓄ᶒࢆ㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡓࡽࡍࡤࡽࡋ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࡞ࡐࡑࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜ࢆ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ࡣゝ࠺ࡢࡔ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿ᭱ၿࡢ᪉ἲࠊᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⏕Ꮡࢆ☜13ᐃࡍࡿ᭱ၿࡢ᪉ἲࡣࠊᆅᇦࡢぞᶒᅜ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊࡇࡢᆅᇦࡢ୰࡛ࠊࡑࡢ࡯࠿ࡢ
࡝ࡢᅜࡶ⮬ศࡼࡾࡶ኱ࡁࡃ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ㐲ࡃࡢ኱ᅜࡣ㐲ࡃ࡟࠸ࢀࡤ࠸࠸ࠋ
ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢᆅᇦ࡟᮶࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸࠸ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡞ࡐࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡀࠊᅜ㝿ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜࠸࠸ࡲࡍࡢࡣࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᅜࡀ࢔ࢢࣞࢵࢩࣈ࡞άືࢆྲྀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᆅᇦ࡟ᨭ㓄ᶒࢆ㐩ᡂࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡲࡎࠊ୍␒ࡢ␒ேࡀᅜࡢୖ࡟ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋࡶࡋࠊᅜ㝿ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ୰࡛ၥ㢟ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ࡜ࠊࡇࢀ௨ୖ㧗࠸ᶒጾࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕኪ㆙࡟ᙜࡓࡿ␒ேࡀ࠸࡞࠸ࠋຓࡅ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ
ேࡀ࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ⮬ຓࢱ࢖ࣉࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛ࡍࠋࡳࡎ࠿ࡽࡢ㠃ಽࢆぢ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ࢔࣓࡛ࣜ࢝ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ゝ࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ㸷㸯㸯࡜࠸࠺㠀ᖖ␒ྕࡣࡶ࠺
࡞࠸ࡢࡔ࡜ࠋ࢔࣓࡛ࣜ࢝㸷㸯㸯࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ㠀ᖖ஦ែࡢ␒ྕ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊᅜ㝿ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟ࡣ㸷㸯㸯ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ⮬ศ࡛㠃ಽࢆぢ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠋ⚾ࡀᑠࡉ࠸ࡇࢁࠊẕࡣࡼࡃゝ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࠕ⚄ࡣࡳࡎ࠿ࡽຓࡃࡿ
ࡶࡢࢆຓࡅࡿࠖ࡜ࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᅜ㝿ᨻ἞ࡢ୰࡛ࡶࢩࣥࣉࣝ࡞࣮࡛ࣝࣝࡍࠋ᭱ึࡢⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᅜࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ኱ࡁ࡞ࠊࡼࡾ㧗࠸ᶒጾࡀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊ࡯࠿ࡢᅜࡢពᅗ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࡣ࠿ࡾ࠿ࡡࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋⓙࡉࢇࠊࡔࡗ࡚࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀ࡝࠺࠸
࠺ពᅗࢆ㸰㸮㸯㸳ᖺ࡟ᣢࡘ࠿ࡣࢃ࠿ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ኱యࠊ኱⤫㡿ࡀㄡ࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ࡶ㸰㸮㸯㸳ᖺࡣࢃ࠿ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ
ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊ୰ᅜࡢពᅗࡣࠊ㸰㸮㸯㸳ᖺ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡽ࡝࠺࡞ࡿ࠿ࠋ᪥ᮏࡢពᅗࡣ࡝࠺࡞ࡿ࠿ࠋㄡࡶண

࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋពᅗ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ࡯ࢇ࡜࠺࡟ᙉຊ࡞ᅜࡀࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ୰
࡟࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࡢពᅗࢆ▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࢪࢢࢯ࣮ࣃࢬࣝࡢ
ࣆ࣮ࢫࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ఱࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊ࠶ࡿᅜᐙࡀ㏆㞄࡟࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟ຊࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➨୍࡟ࠊࡑࡢពᅗࡣࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋࡶࡋ࠿ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ࠶࡞ࡓ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᩛពࢆᣢࡘ࠿ࡶ▱ࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ 㸰␒┠ࠊࡲࡓࠊㄡ࠿࡟㟁ヰࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚ၥ㢟ࡀ㉳ࡁࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ
ࠕຓࡅ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜
࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓୡ⏺ࡢ୰࡛ࠊࢩࣥࣉࣝ࡞ヰ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࡝࠺ࡸࡗ࡚⏕ࡁᘏࡧࡓࡽ࠸࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ
᭱ၿࡢ᪉ἲࡣࠊࡳࡎ࠿ࡽࡀຊࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊㄡ࡛ࡶኪ࡟ᑵᐷࢆࡍࡿ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊ࢝ࢼࢲ
࡜࠿࣓࢟ࢩࢥࡀ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࢆᨷᧁࡍࡿ࡞࡝࡜ࡣᛮ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣ᝿ീࡶ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋ࡞ࡐ᝿ീ࡛ࡁ
࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟ࡶ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀࣃ࣡ࣇࣝࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ࡜࡚ࡶࣃ࣡ࣇࣝ࡟࡞ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ດຊࢆࡋ࡚ࡁ
ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊす༙⌫࡛ࡢඃໃࢆಖࡘᅜ࡛࠶ࡿດຊࢆࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࡢ࡯࠿࡟
ࡶࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࣮ࣔࣥࣟ୺⩏࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ㸯㸶㸰㸱ᖺࠊ࣮ࣔࣥࣟ኱⤫㡿ࡀࡇ࠺ゝ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࠕ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢิ
ᙉࠊ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟ࡶຊࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊす༙⌫࠿ࡽ㏣࠸ฟࡉࢀ࡞࠸࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜ࠋ
ࠕࡶࡋࠊ㏣࠸ฟࡑ࠺࡜ࡋࡓ࡞
ࡽࡤࠊࡶ࠺ᡠࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡇ࡜ࡣḼ㏄ࡋࡲࡏࢇࡼࠖ࡜ࠋࡇࡇࡣす༙⌫࡞ࡢࡔ࠿ࡽࠊࡶ࠺ฟ࡚⾜ࡗ࡚ᡠࡿ࡞࡜ゝࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀ෭ᡓ᫬௦࡟ࢯ㐃ࡀ࣮࢟ࣗࣂ࡜⤌ࢇ࡛࣑ࢧ࢖ࣝࢆ࣮࢟ࣗࣂ࡟ᣢࡕ㎸ࡶ࠺࡜ࡋࡓ࡜
ࡁࠊࡇࢀࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ඲ࡃཷࡅධࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋす༙⌫࡞ࡢࡔ࠿ࡽࠊࡇࡇ࡟
ධࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡇ࡜ࡣチࡉ࡞࠸࡜࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣᛮࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ஦ᨾࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࣮࢟ࣗࣂ࡟
ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢ㔠⼥ᥐ⨨ࢆྲྀࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࠕఱࡔࡗ࡚ᅗࠎࡋࡃࡶࢯ㐃ࢆࡇࡢᆅᇦ࡟࿧ࡧ㎸ࢇࡔࡢࡔࠊ࣮࢟ࣗࣂࡣࠖ࡜

14ᛮࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋᅜ㝿ᨻ἞ࡢ୰࡛ࠊᆅᇦࡢぞᶒᅜ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢ㏆ࡃ࡟ࡣ኱ᅜࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࡼ࠺
࡟ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࠋࡳࡎ࠿ࡽࡀຊࢆᣢࡘ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ ࡛ࡣࠊ୰ᅜ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡣ࡝࠺࠸࠺ព࿡ࢆᣢࡘࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋࡶࡋ୰ᅜேࡔ࡜ࡍࢀࡤࠊࣃ࣮࣡ࣂࣛࣥ
ࢫࢆ୰ᅜ࡜᪥ᮏࡢ㛫࡛ぢ࡚ࡳࡓ࡜ࡁࠊ㸰ࡘࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ㸯ࡘࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡀ୰ᅜࡼࡾࡶຊࢆᣢࡘࠋ᪥
ᮏࡣ୰ᅜࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ᪥ᮏࡼࡾࡶຊࢆᣢࡘࠋ࡝ࡕࡽࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ࠸࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ⯆࿡῝࠸㉁ၥ࡛ࡍࡽࡶ࠺࡞࠸࡛
ࡍࡡࠋ୰ᅜࡣぬ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡯ࢇ࡜࠺࡟ᙅ࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ࡁࠊఱࡀ㉳ࡇࡗࡓ࠿ࠋ⮬ศ࡟ຊࡀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ࡁࠊఱࡀ
㉳ࡇࡗࡓ࠿ࠋᅜࡢᒅ㎯ࡢୡ⣖ࡔࡗࡓ࡜ࠋࡶࡋࠊࡑࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀ㉳ࡇࡾᚓࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆᅇ㑊ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ
ࡿࡢࡔࡗࡓࡽࠊ⤯ᑐࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ࠸ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡇࡢᆅᇦࡢ୰࡛⮬ศࡀ୍␒ຊࢆᣢ࡜࠺࡜ᛮ࠺ࢃ
ࡅ࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡣ㈐ࡵࡽࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ᪥ᮏࡶྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࢆࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ᫂἞⥔᪂ࡢᚋ࡛ࡍࠋ㸯㸷㸲㸳ᖺࡲ࡛࡟ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡣ࢔ࢪ࢔ࢆᨭ㓄ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀす༙⌫ࢆᨭ㓄ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓࡢ࡜ྠࡌ࡛
ࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛ࡼࡾ㧗࠸ᶒጾࡀ࡞࠸࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊ࡯࠿ࡢᅜࡢពᅗࡀࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸࡜ࡁ࡛ࠊࡑࡢᅜࡣࡶ
ࡋ࠿ࡍࡿ࡜ຊࢆᣢࡘ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊఱࡀ୍␒࠸࠸᪉ἲ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊࡳࡎ࠿ࡽࡀຊࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜࡜࠸࠺
ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋࢩࣥࣉࣝ࡞ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ୰ᅜேࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟㈼࡛᫂࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
 ➨㸯Ⅼ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ࢆᨭ㓄ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ᪥ᮏࡼࡾࡶຊࢆᣢࡕࡓ࠸ࠋ࢖ࣥࢻࡼࡾࡶຊࢆᣢࡕࡓ࠸ࠋ
ࣟࢩ࢔ࡼࡾࡶຊࢆᣢࡕࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ 㸰␒┠ࠊࡳࡎ࠿ࡽࠊ୰ᅜ∧ࡢ࣮ࣔࣥࣟ୺⩏࡟࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡶࡋ⛎ᐦ⿬࡟୰ᅜே࡜ヰࡍࡢࡔࡗࡓ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ
➨୍ิᓥ⥺ࠊ➨஧ิᓥ⥺࠿ࡽ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࢆ㏣࠸ฟࡑ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ㈐ࡵࡽࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ࢔࣓࡛ࣜ࢝ࡶྠࡌ࡛ࡍࠋす༙⌫ࡔࡗࡓࡽࡤࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡶࡑࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣチࡉ࡞࠸ࠋ࡯࠿ࡢᅜࡀࡑࡇ࡟ධࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡇ࡜ࡣチࡉ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠺࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ௒ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ௬ㄝ࡜ࡋ࡚࡯ࢇ࡜࠺࡟୰ᅜࡣຊࢆᣢ
ࡘࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡽ࡝࠺࡞ࡿ࠿࡜ゝ࠸ࡲࡍ࡜ࠊࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊጾຊࢆⓎ᥹ࡋጞࡵࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ࢆ
ᨭ㓄ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋጞࡵࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ࡯ࢇ࡜࠺࡟ຊࢆᣢࡗ࡚⡿ᅜࡀࡇࡇ࡟࠸࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿࡇ
࡜࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊ⮬ၥ⮬⟅࡜ࡋࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀ࡝࠺࠸࠺཯ᛂࢆࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡢ㏆㞄ㅖᅜࡀࡑࢀ࡟࡝࠺࠸࠺ᑐฎࢆࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ⡿ᅜࡣ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞Ṕྐࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊດຊ
ࢆࡋ࡚ࠊୡ⏺୰ࡢ࡝ࡢᅜࡶ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀす༙⌫ࢆᨭ㓄ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ࡛ࡣᨭ㓄ࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ㸰㸮ୡ⣖ࠊ኱ࡁ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚ࠊᆅᇦࢆᨭ㓄ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓᅜࡀ㸲࢝ᅜ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋᖇᅜࢻ࢖ࢶࠊᖇᅜ᪥ᮏࠊ
㸱␒┠ࢼࢳࢫࢻ࢖ࢶࠊࡑࡋ࡚㸲␒┠ࡀᪧࢯ㐃㑥࡛ࡍࠋ⡿ᅜࡣ୺せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ㸲࢝ᅜ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࢆࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ㸲࢝ᅜࡣࡍ࡭࡚ᆅᇦࡢぞᶒᅜ࡟࡞ࢁ࠺࡜ࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ
⡿ᅜࡣࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡶດຊࢆࡋ࡚୰ᅜࢆᑒࡌ㎸ࡵࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࡋࠊ୰ᅜࡀ࢔ࢪ࢔ࢆᨭ㓄ࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࡍ
ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡔ࠿ࡽࡇࡑࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟㍈㊊ࢆ⛣ࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡛ࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡢ㏆㞄ㅖᅜ࡟ఱࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜ࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆྲྀࡿࠋ㡑ᅜࠊ᪥ᮏࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ࠊ
ࣇ࢕ࣜࣆࣥࠊྎ‴ࠊࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝࠊ࢖ࣥࢻࠊࣟࢩ࢔ࠊ࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡍ࡭࡚ࡢᅜࠎࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜ᡭ
ࢆ⤌ࢇ࡛ࠊఱ࡜࠿࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࡋ࡚୰ᅜࢆᑒࡌ㎸ࡵࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ᪥ᮏࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࡞฼ᐖ㛵ಀࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡀᆅᇦࡢぞᶒᅜ࡟࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿ࡞ࡾࠊ฼┈ࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ

15᪥ᮏࡣࠊ⡿ᅜࠊ࢖ࣥࢻࠊࡑࡢ௚ࡢᅜࠊࡇࡢᆅᇦࡢᅜ࡜ᡭࢆ⤌ࢇ࡛ࠊ୰ᅜࢆᑒࡌ㎸ࡵࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡲࡍࠋ࡜࠸࠺
ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟ཝࡋ࠸Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀ୖࡢ➇தࡀ࢔ࢪ࢔࡛㉳ࡇࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊᡓதࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡶ᤼㝖࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋⓎⅆⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ༡ࢩࢼᾏࠊᑤ㛶ㅖᓥࠊྎ‴ࠊᮅ㩭༙ᓥࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ሙᡤ
ࡀ࠶ࡾᚓࡲࡍࠋఱ࠿⣮தࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚ࠊ࡯ࢇ࡜࠺ࡢᡓத࡟࡞ࡾᚓࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ≉࡟ࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࡢ➇தຊࡀࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡶ⃭໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண

࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡀᡂ㛗ࡋ⥆ࡅࢀࡤ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡀࠋ ࡲ࡜ࡵࡲࡍ࡜ࠊࡇࡢᆅᇦࡢࣃ࣮࣡ࣂࣛࣥࢫࡢኚ໬ࡣࠊ࣐࢖ࢼࢫࡢᙳ㡪ࢆࡇࡢᆅᇦ࡟୚࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺
ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ ࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡣ࡝࠺࠿ࠋ㸱ࡘࡢⅬࢆ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᫂ⓑ࡞࣏࢖ࣥࢺ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ᭱ึࡢ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ࡜
ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᡓதࡢྍ⬟ᛶࠋࡇࢀࡣ࠿࡞ࡾ᫬㛫ࡀࡓ࡚ࡤ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋㄡ࡛ࡶࠊ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿
࡜ࠋ࡯ࢇ࡜࠺࡟ᡓதࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࡢ࠿ࠋ୰ᅜࠊ᪥ᮏࢆྵࢇࡔᙧ࡛࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊㄡࡶண

࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࡋࠊ⚾ࡶࡑ࠺ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊྍ⬟ᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣୖࡀࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋከࡃࡢドᣐࡀࡇࡢᩘᖺࢆぢ࡚ࡶᣲࡀࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ☜⋡ࡀୖࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡶᘬࡁ⥆ࡁࡑ࠺࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ୰ᅜࡀຊࢆࡘࡅࢀࡤࡘࡅࡿ࡯࡝ࠊࡑࡢጾຊࢆ࿘ࡾ࡟ឤࡌࡉࡏࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ
ࡇࢀࡽࡢㅖᓥࢆྲྀࡾᡠࡋࡓ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋࣃ࣮࣡ࢆᣢࡗࡓᅜ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࡳࡎ࠿ࡽࡢồࡵࡿࡶࡢࢆఱ࡜࠿ᡭ࡟ධࢀࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ 㸰␒┠ࠊࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢ㈨㔠ࢆ㜵⾨࡟ࡘࡂ㎸ࡴࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ᪥ᮏࡣࠊ㹅㹂㹎ࡢ㸯㸣௨ୖࢆ㜵⾨࡟㈝ࡸࡉ࡞ࡃ࡚῭ࡴ᫬ᮇࡀ㛗࠿ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡇࢀࡣኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏࡣࠊ᫬㛫ࡀࡓ࡚ࡤ㌷஦ຊࢆቑᙉࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ୰ᅜࢆᑒࡌ㎸ࡵࡿ࡜࠸࠺┠ⓗ࡛ࡍࠋ 㸱␒┠ࡢၥ㢟࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࢀࡀ᭱ࡶ㆟ㄽࢆ࿧ࡪࡶࡢࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ᰾රჾࡢၥ㢟࡛ࡍࠋ␲࠸ࡶ࡞ࡃ᪥ᮏ
ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟ᅔࡗࡓ❧ሙ࡟㝗ࡽࢀࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡣ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ኱ᅜࡢ୰࡛ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡗ
࡚ࡃࡿヰ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ᪥ᮏࡣ኱ᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚᰾රჾࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸၏୍ࡢᅜ࡛ࡍࠋ᰾රჾ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ✲ᴟⓗ࡞ᢚṆຊ࡛ࡍࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟ᙉຊ࡞࢖ࣥࢭࣥࢸ࢕ࣈ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏࡀ᰾රჾࢆಖ᭷
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┿๢࡟⪃࠼ࡿ࢖ࣥࢭࣥࢸ࢕ࣈ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ⾜ື࡟࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑐ᪥ࡢ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ⾜ື࡟࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏࡀࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣ
ಙ⏝࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜ᑡࡋ࡛ࡶឤࡌࡓ㏵➃࡟ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ᰾ࡢചࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢ᰾ࡢചࡀಙ㢗࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜ᛮࡗ
ࡓ㏵➃ࠊ᰾රჾࢆᣢ࡜࠺࡜ᛮ࠺࢖ࣥࢭࣥࢸ࢕ࣈࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡶࡋ༴ᶵࡀ㉳ࡇࢀࡤࠋ୰ᅜ࡜᪥ᮏࡢ㛫࡟༴ᶵࡀ㉳ࡇࢀࡤࠊ⡿ᅜࡀ᪥ᮏࢆ࡯ࢇ࡜࠺࡟ᨭᣢࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ࡞࠿ࡗ
ࡓࡽࡤࠊ᪥ᮏࡀ᰾රჾࢆಖ᭷ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ࢖ࣥࢭࣥࢸ࢕ࣈࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟㧗ࡲࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ
࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀᘬࡁ⥆ࡁࠊ୰ᮾ࡛ᡓதࢆࡋ⥆ࡅ࡚ࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞༴ᶵ࡟ᡭࢆᰁࡵ࡚ࠊ౛࠼ࡤࠊᮾ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡜࠿࢘ࢡࣛ࢖ࢼࡢ༴ᶵ࡟ᡭ
ࢆᰁࡵ࡚ࠊ༑ศ࡟࢔ࢪ࢔࡟㍈㊊ࢆ⛣ࡉ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡽࠊ᪥ᮏࡸࡑࡢ௚ࡢᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢᅜࠎࡣࠊ࢖ࣥࢭࣥࢸ࢕ࣈࢆ
ᣢࡗ࡚᰾රჾࢆᣢ࡜࠺࡜ᛮ࠺࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇࢀࡣ᪥ᮏࡀᝏ࠸࠿ࡽ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ㡑ᅜࡀࠊྎ‴ࡀ㑧ᝏࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ᰾රჾ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ✲ᴟࡢᢚṆຊࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ⡿ᅜࠊ୰ᅜࠊ࢖ࣥࢻࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ᰾රჾࢆ⌮⏤ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㡑ᅜࠊྎ‴ࡣࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡶ᰾රჾࢆᣢ࡜࠺࡜ࡍࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ⌮⏤ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ
✲ᴟⓗ࡞ᢚṆຊࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ᪥ᮏࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟ᙉຊ࡞୰ᅜࡢ㏆㞄ᅜ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ㔝ᚰࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࡇࡢᆅᇦࢆᨭ㓄16ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊࡲࡓࠊ㡿ᅵၥ㢟ࠊ㡿᭷ᶒၥ㢟ࡶ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊ᰾ࡢᢚṆຊࢆᣢ࡜࠺࡜ࡍࡿ࢖ࣥࢭࣥࢸ࢕ࣈࡣ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡔ࠿ࡽ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏࡀࡑࢀࢆࡍࡿ࡜⚾ࡣゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ᪥ᮏࡣࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡶࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓၥ㢟࡟┤㠃ࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜ࠊ┿ṇ㠃࠿ࡽ┤㠃ࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ㐣ཤ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡸࡽ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡼ࠿ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟࡟┤㠃ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ᪥ᮏࡀ᰾රჾࢆᣢࡘ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࠊࡇࢀࡣ࢔࣓
ࣜ࢝ࡀ࡝࠺࠸࠺⾜ືࢆྲྀࡿ࠿࡟࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࢔ࢪ࢔㍈㊊࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ⾜ື࡟࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ⤖ㄽ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ㸯ࡘࡢࢩࣥࣉࣝ࡞Ⅼ࡛⤖ㄽ࡟ࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚᭱ၿࡢࡇ࡜ࡣఱ࠿ࠋ
ࡇࡢᆅᇦ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚᭱ၿࡢࡇ࡜ࡣఱ࠿ࠋࡑࢀࡣ୰ᅜࡀᡂ㛗ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
㸦ᢿᡭ㸧Ώ㎶⧛㸦ྖ఍㸧  ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋḟ࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛୖᖍ◊✲ဨ࡛᫂἞኱Ꮫᩍᤵࡢఀ
⸨๛ඛ⏕ࡼࡾࡈሗ࿌ࢆ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ
ሗ࿌㹀㸸ୡ⏺ࡢኚື࡜᪥ᮏ
ఀ⸨๛㸦᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛୖᖍ◊✲ဨ࣭᫂἞኱Ꮫᩍᤵ㸧  ᫂἞኱Ꮫࡢఀ⸨࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡀ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕ࢆึࡵ࡚▱ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊ⚾ࡀ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟␃Ꮫࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸯㸷㸷㸮ᖺ௦ࡢึࡵࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࠿࡜
ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡕࡻ࠺࡝෭ᡓࡀ⤊ࢃࡗ࡚㛫ࡶ࡞࠸ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟ࡲࡔ෭ᡓࡢ㑇⏘ࡀṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ≧ἣ࡛ࡋࡓࠋᙜ᫬ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ኱Ꮫ㝔ࡢᅗ᭩㤋࡛ㄞࢇࡔ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕ࡢࠕ,QWHUQDWLRQDO6HFXULW\ࠖ࡜࠸࠺㞧ㄅ࡟㍕ࡏࡓㄽᩥ࡟㠀ᖖ࡟㈶ྠࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺࠿ࠊឤ㖭ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆぬ࠼࡚࠸ࡿḟ➨࡛ࡍࠋ ⚾ࡣ௒࠿ࡽ㸰㸮ᖺ࡯࡝๓࡟᪥ᮏ࡟ᖐࡗ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ᫂἞኱Ꮫ࡛ᅜ㝿㛵ಀㄽࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋ
ࡓࠋࡑࡢ࡜ࡁ࡟࠶ࡿฟ∧♫ࡀᅜ㝿ᨻ἞஦඾ࢆ⦅㞟ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ⚾࡟ࡑࡢ࡜ࡁ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓ౑࿨ࡣࠊᅜ
㝿㛵ಀㄽࡢࣜ࢔ࣜࢬ࣒࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㡯┠ࢆ㸳㸮㡯┠ࡄࡽ࠸ࠊ౛࠼ࡤᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࡢࢪ࣐ࣞࣥࠊᢚṆ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠿ࠊࡑ
࠺࠸࠺㡯┠ࢆ㸳㸮㡯┠࡯࡝஦඾ࡢ୰࡛᭩࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࢆぬ࠼࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋୡࡢ୰࠾ࡶࡋࢁ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇ࠺
࠸࠺⌧ᐇ୺⩏ࡢ㡯┠ࢆ஦඾࡟㸳㸮㡯┠ࡄࡽ࠸᭩ࡁࡲࡍ࡜ࠊࡑࢀ௨᮶ࠊ
ࠕఀ⸨๛ࠊ᫂἞኱Ꮫ࢖ࢥ࣮ࣝࠊࣜ࢔ࣜ
ࢫࢺࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࣞࢵࢸࣝࢆ㈞ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ௒ᗘࡣ㸯㸮ᖺࡓࡕࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࢪ࣭࣑ࣙࣥ࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ
⏕ࢆࡇ࠺ࡸࡗ࡚ᣍ⪸ࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ⚾ࡢࣜ࢔ࣜࢫࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢホ౯ࡣࠊⰋࡁ࡟ࡘࡅᝏࡋࡁ
࡟ࡘࡅ࡝ࢇ࡝ࢇᗈࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿḟ➨࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ⚾ࡢⓎ⾲ࡣࠊࡇࡢ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕ࡢ୰ᅜࢆᑗ᮶ⓗ࡟ᙉࡃࡋ࡞࠸᪉ࡀ࠸࠸࡜࠸࠺⤖ㄽࢆཷࡅࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ
㸲ࡘ࡟ศ࠿ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㸯ࡘࡣࠊࡇࡢ୰ᅜࡢྎ㢌࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡌࡓᅜ㝿ᨻ἞඲యࡢ࣮࣭ࣝࣝ࢜ࣈ࣭ࢤ࣮࣒ࡀ࡝࠺࠸࠺ࡩ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ࠋ
㸰ࡘ┠ࡣࠊᅜ㝿㛵ಀࡀᏳᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᮲௳࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ࡝ࢇ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࠋ⛛ᗎࡀ࡝࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶
ࡿࡢ࠿ࠋ㸱ࡘ┠࡟ࡣࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦࡢᅜ㝿㛵ಀ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀࡜⤒῭ࡢ┦஫౫Ꮡ࡜ࡀࡡࡌࢀ⌧17㇟ࠊ࣑ࢫ࣐ࢵࢳࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿⅬ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠋ㸲ࡘ┠ࡣࠊ௒ᚋࡢᒎᮃ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ⚾ࡀ᭱㏆⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ
㏙࡭ࡓ࠸࡜⪃࠼࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ᭱ึ࡟ࠊ୰ᅜࡢྎ㢌ࡢព࿡࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ⬌㘊℀ᨻᶒࡀ⤊ࢃࡗ࡚㸰ᖺ㏆ࡃࡀࡓࡕࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ㸯㸮ᖺ㛫ࡢ⬌㘊℀ᨻᶒࡢ㛫࡟ࠊ୰ᅜࡢ㹅㹂㹎ࡣ⣙㸲ಸ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ⤖ᯝⓗ࡟ୡ⏺➨㸰఩ࡢ㹅㹂㹎࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ
࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ഃ࠿ࡽ୰ᅜࢆぢࡓሙྜࠊ౛࠼ࡤࠊ㹅㸰࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠿ࠊࢫࢸ࣮ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮ㄽ࡜࠿ࠊ஫ᜨ㛵ಀ࡜࠿ࠊᡓ
␎ⓗ࡞ࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮࡜ࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ゝ࠸᪉ࡀࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⡿୰㛫ࡢ⤒῭ⓗࠊᨻ἞ⓗ࡞ࣃ࣮࣡ࣂࣛࣥࢫࡀ࡝ࢇ࡝ࢇኚࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ୰࡛ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣ∦᪉࡛୰ᅜ࡜ࡢࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࢆྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡋࠊ௚᪉࡛୰ᅜࡢᛴ㏿࡞ྎ㢌࡟኱ࡁ࡞⬣ጾࠊࡑࡋ࡚⏽ᛧ࣭ᜍࢀࢆᢪ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡶ஦ᐇ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࡶࡑࡶ෭ᡓ᫬௦࠿ࡽ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ୰ᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᗁ᝿࡜ኻᮃࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ㸯㸷㸵㸮ᖺ௦࠿ࡽ㸶㸮ᖺ௦๓༙࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࢯ㐃࡜ᑐᢠࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟୰ᅜ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᮇᚅࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ
㸶㸮ᖺ௦ᚋ༙࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊኳᏳ㛛஦௳࡞࡝ࡢேᶒၥ㢟࡛ኻᮃࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ⡿୰㛵ಀ඲యࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᅜ㝿ᨻ἞඲యࡢᵓ㐀ⓗ࡞ኚ໬ࢆᴫほࡋࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ㸰㸯ୡ⣖࡟ධࡗ࡚࠿ࡽࡢ㸯㸮ᖺవࡾ࡛ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࠿ࡽ୰ᅜ࡬ࡢ㈠᫆ࡣ㸳ಸ௨ୖ࡟ఙࡧࡲࡋࡓࠋ㸰㸮㸯㸯ᖺ࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ୰ᅜ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㍺ฟ
㢠ࡣࠊ㸯㸮㸮㸮൨ࢻࣝࢆ㉸࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᐇࡣ୰ᅜࢆぢ࡚࠸࡚୙ᛮ㆟࡟ᛮ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ㸯ࡘ࠶ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ⚾ࡣ㸯㸷㸵㸱ᖺࡢ▼Ἔࢩࣙࢵࢡᙜ᫬㸴ṓ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓ࠿ࡽࠊࡑࢀࢆఱ࡜࡞ࡃぬ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᐙ࡟ᖐࡗ࡚ᡞᲴࢆ㛤ࡅࡿ࡜ࢺ࢖ࣞࢵࢺ࣮࣌ࣃ࣮࡜ࢸ࢕ࢵࢩ
ࣗࡀࡓࡃࡉࢇ✚ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔࡅࡀグ᠈࡟࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࡎࡗ࡜୙ᛮ㆟࡟ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ
ࡣࠊእ㈨ࢆཷࡅධࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡑࡢእ㈨࡟⤒῭㐠Ⴀࢆ∵⪥ࡽࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ
୰ᅜࡔࡅࡣࡑ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡎࡗ࡜୙ᛮ㆟࡟ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࢆ⮬ศ࡞ࡾ࡟ㄪ࡭࡚ࡳࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ
㸯㸷㸶㸮ᖺ௦࡟ࡣ㣗ရࠊ㍍ᕤᴗࠊ㕲㗰ࠋ㸷㸮ᖺ௦࡟ࡣ⮬ື㌴࡜࠿⢭ᐦᶵᲔࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ᭱㏆࡛ࡣࠊ㈨※ࡸ⎔ቃࠊࣛ࢖ࣇࢧ࢖࢚ࣥࢫ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࠊࡑࡢ᫬ࠎ࡟ࡨࡗࡓࡾࣇ࢕ࢵࢺࡍࡿ⏘ᴗࢆ㠀ᖖ࡟㑅ᢥⓗ࡟⮬ศࡢᅜ࡟฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀゝ࠼ࡿࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜࡢ㹅㹂㹎࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊୡ⏺➨㸰఩࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ⡿୰ࡢ㛵ಀࡀᆒ⾮≧ែ࡟㏆࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺኱ࡁ࡞ࣃ࣮࣡ࣂࣛࣥࢫୖࡢኚ໬ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾ
ࡲࡍࠋ ࢜ࣂ࣐ᨻᶒࡀᡂ❧ࢆࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊ࢜ࣂ࣐ࡣ᪥ᮏࢆྵࡵ࡚࢔ࢪ࢔ྛᅜࢆṔゼࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢ
࡜ࡁ࡟኱ࡁ࡞㛵ᚰ஦࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡀࠊ⡿୰ࡢ㈠᫆୙ᆒ⾮࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡶ⥆࠸࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ⡿୰㛫ࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ၥ㢟ࡢࡶ࡜࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿḟ➨࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࡑࢀ௨እ࡟ࡶேᶒࡢၥ㢟ࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࡢၥ㢟➼ࠊ኱ࡁ࡞ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ
 ㏆ᖺࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸኱ᅜ㛫㛵ಀ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㹅㸰ㄽ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀฟ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ࡜ࡣゝࡗ࡚ࡶࠊᅜ㝿♫఍඲యࡢᨻ⟇Ỵᐃᯟ⤌ࡳࡣࠊ෭ᡓ᫬௦ࡢ㹅㸰࡜ࡣ඲ࡃ㐪ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ⡿ࢯࡢ㸰ᴟయไ࠿ࡽࠊࡔࢇࡔࢇ࡜㹅㸳ࠊ㹅㸵ࠊ㹅㸶ࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ㹅㸰㸮࡜࠸࠺ࡩ࠺࡟ከᴟ໬ࡢ⌧㇟ࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡶ඾ᆺ
ⓗ࡞౛࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢ኱ᅜࢡࣛࣈࡢ௰㛫࡟ධࢀ࡚ࡃࢀ࡜せồࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ௚᪉࡛⎔ቃ࡜࠿ࠊேᶒ
࡜࠿ࠊ▱ⓗ㈈⏘࡜࠸ࡗࡓᅜ㝿♫఍඲యࡀྲྀࡾ⤌ࡲ࡞࠸࡜࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ㄢ㢟࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊᛴ࡟ࠕࡲࡔᡃࠎࡣ

18Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࢆᖖ࡟ゝ࠺ࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊඛ㐍ᅜࢡࣛࣈࡢ୰࡟ධࢀ࡚ࡃࢀ࡜
࠸࠺ṇᙜᛶࡣᙉㄪࡍࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊᅜ㝿♫఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㈐௵ࢆ㈇ࢃ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᅜ㝿♫఍඲యࡢᐇຠᛶࡀ
ୗࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ࢪ࣐ࣞࣥࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ≉ᚩ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸰␒┠࡟ࠊ࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢᅜ㝿㛵ಀ඲యࡀᏳᐃ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵࡢࠕ⛛ᗎࠖࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡅࡤ࠸
࠸ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶᅜ㝿ᨻ἞ࡢ⪃࠼᪉࠿ࡽ࠸࠸ࡲࡍ࡜ࠊྠࡌࡄࡽ࠸ࡢຊࡀᆒ➼࡟ศ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ࠸࠸࡜࠸࠺ໃຊᆒ⾮ࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡜ࠊ୍ᅜࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ຊࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࢀࡤᏳᐃࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠕぞᶒᏳᐃࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡜㸰ࡘࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦࡢᅜ㝿⛛ᗎ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ㛗ࡽࡃ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟ࡼࡿᅽಽⓗ࡞ඃ఩࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⥔ᣢࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ
ࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࡑࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣࠕ㈋ࡋ࠸࢔ࢪ࢔ࠖ࡜ࠊ
ࠕᐩࡵࡿḢ⡿ࠖ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜
ࡣ஦ᐇ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡍࡿ㸰ᅜ㛫ྠ┕ࠊᨺᑕ⥺≧࡟ఙࡧࡿྠ┕㛵ಀ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ
Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢᵓ㐀ࡣᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࡣ௒࡛ࡶኚࢃࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ୰ᅜࡀࡑࡢ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡍࡿᨺᑕ⥺≧ࡢᏳ඲ಖ㞀యไ࡟᫂ࡽ࠿࡟୙‶ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ
☜࠿࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺⪃࠼ࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ㸰㸮㸮㸯ᖺ࡟ᾏ༡ᓥ஦௳࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝
ࡢ✵୰ഄᐹᶵ࡜୰ᅜࡢᡓ㜚ᶵࡀ᥋ゐࢆࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜഃࡢ஌ဨࡣஸࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢഄ
ᐹᶵࡣᾏ༡ᓥ࡟୙᫬╔ࢆࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺஦௳ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ࡜ࡁ࡟୰ᅜࡀឤࡌࡓࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜࠸࠺
ࡢࡣ୰ᅜࡢ኱㝣ࡢ㏆ࡃࡲ࡛ࡸࡗ࡚᮶ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ୰ᅜ࡟ࡣࡑࢀࡀ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢ୙ᆒ⾮ࡣఱࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀ௨㝆ࠊ⏕ࡌ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡢࡀࠊᾏὒ✵㛫࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠿ࠊᏱᐂ✵㛫࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠿ࠊ
㝣ᆅ௨እࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ሙᡤ࡛ࡢᏳ඲ಖ㞀⎔ቃ࡟࠾࠸࡚ໃຊࢆᣑ኱ࡋጞࡵࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᾏὒᏳ඲ಖ㞀࡜࠿ࠊᏱᐂ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࡢ◊✲ࡀࡓࡃࡉࢇ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ࠸࠿ࢇࡏࢇࠊࡑ
ࡢ㡿ᅵၥ㢟࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ௒࡛ࡶࡇࡢᮾࢩࢼᾏࠊ༡ࢩࢼᾏ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ၥ㢟ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡢࡣゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ≉࡟᭱㏆ࠊࠕ᰾ᚰⓗ฼┈ࠖࠊࠕ᪂ᆺ኱ᅜ㛫㛵ಀࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡀฟ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜ࡢ㛫࡛ࡣࠊໃຊᆒ
⾮ࡀዲࡲࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺㆟ㄽࢆᒎ㛤ࡍࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡴࡋࢁ୰ᅜ࡟ࡼࡿᏳ඲
ಖ㞀ࡢᥦ౪ࡀ࢔ࢪ࢔ࢆᏳᐃ໬ࡉࡏࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ⡿୰ࡢ㛫ࡣ᪂ᆺ኱ᅜ㛫㛵ಀ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆㄽࡌࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ㛫࡛ࡣࠊ࠶࠿ࡽࡉࡲ࡟ᮾ༡࢔ࢪ࢔ㅖᅜࢆᑠᅜ࡜ᢈุࢆࡋ࡚୰ᅜ࡟ࡼࡿぞᶒࡇࡑࡀᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ᅜ㝿ᨻ἞඲యࡢᏳᐃ᮲௳࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺୺ᙇࡀ᭱㏆┠❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࡲ
ࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᙼࡽࡢ㢌ࡢ୰ࡣ୍ᅜ୺⩏ⓗ࡟ᛮ⪃ࡋ࡚ࠊ஧ᅜ㛫୺⩏ⓗ࡟ၥ㢟ࢆ㏣ཬࡋࠊ࡜ࡁ࡝ࡁࡣከᅜ㛫୺⩏ⓗ࡟᣺ࡿ⯙࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀゝ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ 㸱␒┠࡟⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡇࡢᏳ඲ಖ㞀࡜⤒῭࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢࡡࡌࢀ⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ
ᆅᇦ࡛ࡣࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀ୖࡢᵓ㐀࡜⤒῭࡜ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀࡡࡌࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚ࠊࡶ࠺࠿࡞ࡾ㛗ࡃࡓࡕࡲࡋࡓࠋ⤒῭ࡢ㠃࡛ࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡢ⤒῭ᡂ㛗࡜኱ᅜ໬࡟కࡗ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜࠊࡑࡢ௚ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ㸱⪅㛫
ࡀࠊ୕ゅ㈠᫆ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧែ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ㛫࡛ࡣ┦ᙜ࡞┦஫౫Ꮡ㛵ಀࡀಖࡓࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୰ᅜࡣ
ࡑࡢ୰࡛㔜せ࡞ᆅ఩ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀゝ࠼ࡿࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡜ࡇࢁࡀࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ୰࡛ࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡣࡼࡑࡶࡢᢅ࠸࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࠊ᪥ᮏࠊྎ‴ࠊࣇ࢕

19ࣜࣆࣥࠊ㡑ᅜ➼ࠎࡀᵓᡂࡍࡿᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᇝእࠊ⠊ᅖእ࡟࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡘࡲࡾࠊࡇ࠺࠸࠺Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀ୖࡢࣇ࣮࣒࣮ࣞ࣡ࢡ࡜ࠊ⤒῭ୖࡢ┦஫౫Ꮡࡀࡡࡌࢀ⌧㇟ࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸
࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡀࡑࡢ⤒῭ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ୰࡟⤫ྜࡉࢀ࡚ࠊྎ㢌ࡀ㢧ⴭ࡟࡞ࢀࡤ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝ࠊ⡿୰㛫ࡢᏳ඲ಖ㞀࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄆ㆑ࡢࢠࣕࢵࣉࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࢀࢆ୰ᅜࡢ❧ሙ࠿ࡽぢࢀࡤࠊ☜࠿࡟ᡃࠎ୰ᅜࡣ㌷஦㈝ࡇࡑቑ኱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࡯࠿࡟ࡶᩍ⫱㈝࡜
࠿♫఍ಖ㞀ࡶቑ኱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠊ࡞ࡐࡑࡗࡕࢆぢ࡚ࡃࢀ࡞࠸࡛ࠊ㌷஦㈝ࡤ࠿ࡾࢆぢࡽࢀ࡚ᢈุࡉ
ࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡢࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋᙜ↛ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢୗ࡟࠶ࡿᅜ࡟࠾࠸
࡚ࡳࢀࡤࠊ୰ᅜࡢ㌷஦㈝ࡢቑ኱ࡇࡑࡀ⬣ጾ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡇ࡟┠ࡀ⾜ࡃࡢࡣᙜ↛ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ⚾ࡣࡇࡇᩘᖺࠊ୰ᅜ࡟ᖺ࡟ᅄࠊ஬ᅇ⾜ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ୰ᅜࡢࣃࢫ࣏࣮ࢺ࡟♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ୰ᅜ㡿࡟༡ࢩࢼᾏࡢᓥࠎࢆධࢀࡓ࡜࠸࠺ヰࡣ᭷ྡ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊヰࡣࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ᭱㏆ࠊ୰ᅜᅜ㝿⯟✵ࡢᶵෆㄅࢆぢ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢ୰࡟୰ᅜࡢᾏὒቃ⏺⥺ࢆᣦࡍ㉥࠸⥺ࡀ㸱ᮏ᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆぢࡲࡋࡓࠋ㸯ᮏ┠ࡀྎ‴ࡢᮾഃ࡟ᘬ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ㸰ᮏ┠ࡣࠊ༡ࢩࢼᾏࡢᓥࠎࢆ኱ࡁࡃྲྀࡾᅖࡴࡼ࠺࡟⦪᩿⥺ࡀᘬ࠿ࢀ࡚
࠸ࡓࠋ㸱ᮏ┠ࡢ⥺ࡣࠊ໭ᾏ㐨࡜ᶟኴࡢ┿ࢇ୰࡟㉥࠸⥺ࡀᘬ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ  ᮏ┠࡟ࡣࠊ࠿࡞ࡾࡧࡗࡃࡾࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࡔࢇࡔࢇ࡜୰ᅜࡢᾏὒ࡟࠾ࡅࡿໃຊᅪࡀᣑ኱ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡍ࡜ࠊᮾ
༡࢔ࢪ࢔ㅖᅜࠊ
ࡑࡋ࡚᪥ᮏࡶྵࡵ࡚୰ᅜ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⬣ጾឤࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ
୰ᅜࡀᡂ㛗ࡍࢀࡤࡍࡿ࡯࡝ࠊ
Ᏻಖ࡛ࡢ⬣ጾឤࡀቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ≧ែ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠺ࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
≉࡟ࠊࡇࡢ㡿ᅵ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣑ኱ഴྥࡣࠊ
᪥㡑㛵ಀࡀ➉ᓥࡔࡅࡀၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡜ࡣ඲ࡃ㐪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊ௒ᚋࡢᒎᮃ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ᑡࠎពぢࢆ㏙࡭࡚⤊ࢃࡾ࡟ࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ୰ᅜࡣࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜ࡢໃຊᆒ⾮≧ែࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࠕ࢔࣓࣮ࣂⓗᣑ኱ࠖ࡜࿧ࢇ࡛
࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊᢚṆࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࢔࣓࣮ࣂⓗ࡟ᣑ኱ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡔࢇࡔࢇ࡜ᙳ㡪ຊࢆᾐ㏱ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣࠊࡑࡢぞᶒⓗᵓ㐀࠿ࡽᚓ࡚࠸ࡿ฼┈ࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚᪥⡿Ᏻಖࢆ⥔ᣢࡋ࡚ࠊྎ‴㛵ಀἲࡶ⥔ᣢࡋ࡚ࠊྎ‴࡟Ṋჾࢆ኎༷ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺⾜Ⅽࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
᭱ᚋ࡟ṧࡿ㔜せ࡞ၥ㢟࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ⡿୰࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊࡑࡋ࡚᪥ᮏࡶྵࡵ࡚ෆᨻୖࡢၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ኱ኚ㔜せ࡞ࣇ࢓ࢡࢱ࣮࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᅜ㝿⛛ᗎ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊᅜෆࡢㄽ⌮ࢆࡓࡔᑐእⓗ࡟ᢞᑕࡍࡿࡔࡅ
࡛ࡣᝒ᝺࡞⤖ᮎࡀᚅࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࡊࡿࢆᚓࡲࡏࢇࠋ ᪥ᮏ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡳࢀࡤࠊ࡝࠺ࡸࡗ࡚⮬ศࡓࡕࡢᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࡸ௒ᚋࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆ⪃࠼ࢀࡤ࠸࠸ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ
ṧࡾࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡀゝ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࠿ࡽࡢࢡࣞࢹ࢕ࣅࣜࢸ࢕࡜ࠊ⮬ศࡓࡕ࡛ఱࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࢭࣝ
ࣇ࣊ࣝࣉ࡜ࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࡀ㔜せࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢࢡࣞࢹ࢕ࣅࣜࢸ࢕࡜ࢭࣝࣇ࣊ࣝࣉ࡜ࡀࠊ୧❧ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡟ࡣࠊࡘࡲࡾ⮬ຓࡤ࠿ࡾࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡢࡶၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࡋࠊࢡࣞࢹ࢕ࣅࣜࢸ࢕ࡔࡅ࡟㢗ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶ኱
ኚ༴㝤࡞⪃࠼࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ௨ୖ࡛ࡍࠋ㸦ᢿᡭ㸧Ώ㎶⧛㸦ྖ఍㸧  ࡝࠺ࡶ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᮏ᪥ࡢᑐヰࡣࠊࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊࡈฟᖍࡢ఍ሙࡢⓙᵝ඲ဨ࠿ࡽࡢ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ࡈⓎゝࢆḼ㏄࠸ࡓࡋࡲ

20


ࡍࠋ
 ᮏ᪥ࡢ㆟஦㐍⾜࡟ᙜࡓࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ᫬㛫ཝᏲ࡛㐍ࡵ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡈሗ࿌⪅ࡢᣢࡕ᫬㛫ࡣࠊ
࠾୍ேᵝ㸯㸮ศ࡛ࠊ஦ົᒁࡼࡾⓎゝ᫬㛫⤊஢ࡢ㸰ศ๓࡟ࣜࣥࢢࢥ࣮ࣝࢆࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ⮬⏤ウ㆟࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅከࡃࡢⓙᵝࡢࡈពぢࢆఛ࠸ࡓ࠸࡜⪃࠼࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊไ㝈᫬㛫ࢆ࠾୍ேᵝ㸰ศ࡜ࡋࠊṧࡾ㸯ศࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࣜࣥࢢࢥ࣮ࣝࢆࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ࠾᫬㛫ࡀ㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ
ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊウ㆟ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓෆᐜࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࠊ⮬⏤ウㄽ࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡲࡋࡓࡽᖾ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ ࡲࡓࠊⓎゝࡈᕼᮃࡢ᪉ࡣᣲᡭࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡓࡽࠊ
᫬㛫ࡢチࡍ⠊ᅖෆ࡛㡰␒࡟ࡈᣦྡࢆࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࡞࠾ࠊⓎゝࡢ㝿࡟ࡣᚲࡎ࠾ྡ๓ࠊ࠾⫪᭩ࡁࠊࡈᡤᒓࢆ㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓࡃᏑࡌࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡓࠊᮏ᪥ࡢᑐヰࡢᶍᵝࡣࠊ఍㆟⤊஢ᚋࠊ⦅㞟ࡢୖ࡛ࠊ᫂἞኱Ꮫཬࡧᙜࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࡢ࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪୖ࡛
୍㒊ື⏬㓄ಙࢆࡍࡿணᐃ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡲࡓࠊᮏ᪥ࡢᑐヰࡣ㏲ㄒⓗ࡞グ㘓ࢆྲྀࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡢグ㘓ࡣሗ࿌᭩࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾࡲ࡜ࡵࠊ༳ๅ࡟௜ࡋࠊ㓄௜ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊᙜࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࡢ࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪ࡟ࡶᥖ㍕ࡍࡿணᐃ࡛ࡍࠋࡋࡓࡀ࠸ࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ࢜ࣇࣞࢥࢆࡈᕼ
ᮃࡉࢀࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊࡈⓎゝࡢ㝿࡟ࠕ࢜ࣇࣞࢥ࡛ࡍࠖ࡜୍ゝ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡲࡋࡓࡽࠊࡑࡇࡣグ㘓࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ㹇ࠕ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒࡢኚື࡜᪥ᮏࠖࢆጞࡵࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡣࠊ▼ᕝ⸅ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛᇳ⾜ୡヰே࡟㆟㛗ࢆ࠾㢪࠸ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡇ࠿ࡽࡣ▼ᕝᇳ⾜ୡヰே࡟࣐࢖ࢡࢆ࠾Ώࡋࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㸱㸬ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ ,ࠕ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒࡢኚື࡜᪥ᮏࠖ▼ᕝ⸅㸦㆟㛗㸧  ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ▼ᕝ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡼࢁࡋࡃ࠾㢪࠸⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ㹇ࠕ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒࡢኚື࡜᪥ᮏࠖ
ࠊ
͆The Asia-Pacific in Transition and Japan͇࡜㢟ࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࡈሗ࿌ࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊ㆟ㄽ࡟⛣ࡾࡓ࠸࡜Ꮡࡌࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢࢭࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣࠊࢹࣅࢵࢻ࣭࢛࢘ࣝࢺࣥすࢩࢻࢽ࣮኱Ꮫ෸ᩍᤵࠊᒣ⏣ྜྷᙪᮾᾏ኱Ꮫᩍᤵࠊᯘṇ⩏ྎ‴୰ኸ◊✲㝔Ḣ⨾◊✲ᡤ◊✲ဨࠊబ⸨⪃୍ᱜ⨾ᯘ኱Ꮫᩍᤵࠊࡑࡢᚋࠊⓙᵝ࡜ࡢ㹏㸤㸿ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ウ㆟࡜㐍ࡵ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊ᪩㏿࡛ࡍࡀࠊࢹࣅࢵࢻ࣭࢛࢘ࣝࢺࣥඛ⏕ࠊ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ



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21


ሗ࿌㸿㸸୕ゅ㛵ಀࡢࡸࡾࡃࡾ࣮̿࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡢᑐ᪥࣭ᑐ୰ᨻ⟇ࢹࣅࢵࢻ࣭࢛࢘ࣝࢺࣥ㸦すࢩࢻࢽ࣮኱Ꮫ෸ᩍᤵ㸧  ⓙࡉࢇࠊࡇࢇ࡟ࡕࡣࠋఀ⸨ඛ⏕࡟௒ᅇࡢࡈᣍ⪸࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ᚚ♩ࢆ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊࡲࡓࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࡢ᪉ࠎ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶᚚ♩ࢆ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ
ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡉࡽ࡟᪥ᮏ㈈ᅋࡢ᪉ࠎ࡟ࡶᚚ♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࠊᮾி࡟࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡇࡢ㈈ᅋࡢࣇ࢙࣮࡛ࣟࡶࡈ
ࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ௒᪥ࡢ⚾ࡢ࣮࣌ࣃ࣮㸦ᮏሗ࿌᭩ࠊ㸴㸵࣮࣌ࢪཧ↷㸧ࡢෆᐜ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࣃ࣮࣭࣡ࢺࣛࣥࢪࢩࣙࣥࡢ୰
ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ≉࡟ࡇࡢᆅᇦࡢࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫࡢ୰࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔࡜᪥ᮏ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡣ࡝࠺࡞ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ගࢆᙜ࡚࡚ࡳࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⚾ࡢ◊✲ࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡀࡇࡢ୕ゅ㛵ಀࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ྲྀᢅ࠾
࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࠊ୰ᅜ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔࡜
࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ㛗ᮇ㛫࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚᪥ᮏ࡜ࡢ஧ᅜ㛫㛵ಀࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ෭ᡓ୰ࡶ෭ᡓᚋࡶ⥆ࡃࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟㛗࠸Ṕྐࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢ㛵ಀ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊከศࠊ௒୍␒㔜せ࡞᫬ᮇ࡟᮶࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋᏳ඲ಖ㞀㛵ಀ࡟㛵ࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ㇦᪥࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ㐣ཤ㸯㸮ᖺ㛫㠀ᖖ࡟㦫ࡃࡼ࠺࡞㏿ࡉ࡛ᙉ໬ࡋ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡲࡓࠊྠ᫬࡟ࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡣࠊ୰ᅜ࡜ࡢ࠿࠿ࢃࡾࢆᣢࡘᨻ⟇ࡶⓎ⾲࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔
ࡣࠊࡇࡢᆅᇦࡢ࡯࠿ࡢᅜࠎ࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ୰ᅜ࡜㈠᫆㛵ಀࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢᆅᇦࡢ࡯࠿ࡢᅜࠎ
࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ࣊ࢵࢪࣥࢢᡓ␎࡜࠸࠺ࡢࢆྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜ࡜ࡣ࢚ࣥࢤ࣮ࢪ࣓ࣥࢺࢆࡍࡿࡅࢀ
࡝ࡶࠊྠ᫬࡟ࡲࡓࡑࡇ࡛ࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡣࠊ⡿ᅜ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢ㠀ᖖ࡟ᛅᐇ࡞ྠ┕ᅜ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠊࡲࡓࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜ࡶᏳ඲ಖ㞀㛵ಀࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡋࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊࡲࡓ㇦᪥⡿࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛㸱࢝ᅜ㛫ࠊࡲࡓࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜ࡢ㛫࡛ࡣࠊ஧ᅜ㛫ࡢᏳ඲ಖ㞀༠ᐃࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࠊ
ࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓព࿡࡛ࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟㧗࠸ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡࢟ࣥࢢࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕࣭࢙࢘ࣈࡶᵓ⠏ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㏆௦ⓗ࡞ᅜᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡇࡢࣂ
ࣛࣥࢫࢆྲྀࢁ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡇ࡟୰ᅜ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡢ⤒῭࡜ࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ᪥⡿࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡢᏳ඲ಖ㞀࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࠋ
⌧ᅾࡢ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ࣊ࢵࢪࣥࢢᡓ␎ࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡲࡓࠊ᪥࿴ぢⓗᨻ⟇ࡶྲྀࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࡇࡢᆅᇦࡢࣃࢱ࣮࡛ࣥࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡀ࡝࠺࠸࠺ࡩ࠺࡟ᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆぢᏲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ㸱ࡘࡢ㉁ၥࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡲࡎࠊ᭱ึࡢ㉁ၥ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡢྎ㢌ཬࡧ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜୰ᅜ࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢࣃ࣮࣭࣡ࢺࣛࣥࢪࢩࣙࣥ࡜࠸࠺
ࡢࡀࠊ▷ᮇⓗ࡟᪥㇦ࡢᨻ἞ཬࡧᏳ඲ಖ㞀㛵ಀ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡢ࠿ࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ㸰␒┠ࡢ㉁ၥࡣࠊ࢟ࣕࣥ࣋ࣛ࡜ᮾி࡜ࡢ㛫࡛ࠊࡇࡢ୰ᅜࡢྎ㢌࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊఱࡽ࠿ࡢதⅬ࡜࡞ࡿᨻ⟇ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ஧ᅜ㛫࡛ఱ࠿ྜព࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ㸰Ⅼ┠ࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ㸱␒┠࡟ࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ⌧ᅾࠊ㸰ࡘࡢ㛵ಀࢆᡂຌ⿬࡟࣐ࢿ࣮ࢪࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋᏳಸ㤳┦ࡀ࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓ࡜ࡁࡢ࢔࣎ࢵࢺ࡜ᏳಸẶ࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢࡇࡢ㛵ಀ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢࠋࡇࢀࡣ࠺ࡲ

22ࡃ࠸ࡅࡿ࡜࠸࠺ឤࡌࡀฟ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡇࡢ㸱␒┠ࡢⅬࡣ࡝࠺࡞ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᆅᇦࡢࢲ࢖ࢼ
࣑ࢡࢫࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡢእ஺ᨻ⟇ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ㇦᪥㛵ಀࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ௒ࠊࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࣂࣛࣥࢫ㛵ಀࢆྲྀࢁ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇ
ࡢᆅᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊู࡟⚾ࡓࡕ࡟≉␗࡞ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋኴᖹὒᆅᇦ඲యࡢᅜ࡛ぢࡽࢀࡿࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡔ࡜࠸࠺
ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡎࠊ᭱ึࡢ㉁ၥ࡛ࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡢྎ㢌࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊᐇ㝿࡟㇦᪥ࡢᨻ἞ࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀㛵ಀ࡟࡝࠺࠸
ࡗࡓᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡢ௒ࡢࡇࡢ᫬௦࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࡢ≧ἣࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟ࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢵࢡ࡟ኚࢃࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ᫬௦࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ㈠᫆ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ၟᴗⓗ࡞㛵ಀ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ஧ᅜ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟ᙉຊ࡛࠶ࡿ
ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ᪥ᮏࡣࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡢ㈠᫆➨㸰ᅜ࡛ࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࠊ୰ᅜ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ➨㸯఩࡟࡞ࡿࢃࡅ
࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡇࢀࡀኚࢃࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋኳ↛࢞ࢫࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡀ௒ࠊ㐍⾜୰࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠋ ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊࡲࡓࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡢ໭㒊࡟࠾࠸࡚ᛴ㏿࡟⤒῭Ⓨᒎࡀ௒㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡇࢀ࠿
ࡽඛࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢ㈠᫆ࡀࡑࡇ࡛ቑ࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࡝ࡕࡽ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᏳ
඲ಖ㞀㛵ಀ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀࠊࡇࡢ஧ᅜ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀࢆࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᘬࡗᙇࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢໃ࠸ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ୰ᅜࡢྎ㢌࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛⪃࠼ࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ⥲యⓗ࡟᪥㇦ࡢ㈠᫆ࡀᑡࡋୗࡀࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ
Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀㛵ಀ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ௒ࠊᛴ㏿࡟㧗ࡲࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺᫬௦ࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢ㛵ಀ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊࡘࡲࡾࠊ୰ᅜࡢྎ㢌࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ㇦᪥࡛தⅬ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࠋ඲⯡ⓗ࡟ゝ࠼ࡤࠊ஧ᅜ㛫࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣྠࡌពぢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ᯟ⤌ࡳࡢ୰࡛ぢ࡚࠸࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
㇦᪥ࠊ࡝ࡕࡽࡶከᅜ㛫࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࠊఱࡽ࠿ࡢࣀ࣮࣒ࢆᵓᡂࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡀ᪤Ꮡࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࢆ㑂Ᏺࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࡘࡲࡾࠊἲࡢᨭ㓄ࠊࡲࡓࠊᅜࠎࡢᶒ฼ࠊẸ୺୺⩏࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢࢆ㑂Ᏺࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡜࠸࠺ດຊ
ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᑡࡋࢳࣕ࢖ࢼ࣭ࢠࣕࢵࣉ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ஧ᅜ㛫࡟࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ぢཷࡅࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏ࡜㐪ࡗ࡚ࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ
୰ᅜ࡜ࡣࡑࢇ࡞࡟Ṕྐⓗ࡞㛗࠸㛵ಀࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡋࠊ
ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊ㡿ᅵၥ㢟ࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡣ୰ᅜ࡜ࡢ࢚ࣥࢤ࣮ࢪ࣓ࣥ
ࢺ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ㸯㸷㸵㸰ᖺ࠿ࡽࡎࡗ࡜⥆࠸࡚ࡁࡓ㉸ඪὴࡢ㛵ಀ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ㤳┦ࡶ୰ᅜ࡜ࡢ࢚ࣥࢤ࣮ࢪ࣓ࣥࢺࢆࡎࡗ࡜⥆ࡅ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡓࡔ༢࡟ၟᴗⓗ࡞ヰࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࡢィ⏬ࡢ୰࡛ࡶࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀゝ࠼ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ
࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡢ୍⯡ᕷẸࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ
୧᪉࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ௒ᖺࡢ≧ἣࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ୰ᅜ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡢᑗ᮶࡟࡜ࡗ࡚࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞
ࡽ࡞࠸ᅜ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺⟅࠼ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠊࡲࡓࠊ୰ᅜ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ⤒῭ⓗࠊࡲࡓࠊ㌷஦ⓗ࡞⬣ጾ࡟࡞ࡾᚓࡿ࡜࠸࠺⟅࠼ࡶฟ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓព࿡࡛ࡣࠊୡㄽ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ㸰ࡘࡢ඲ࡃ㐪࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡢᨻ⟇Ỵᐃ⪅࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡢྎ㢌࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊࡼࡾ࣏ࢪ
ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞⪃࠼᪉ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᯟ⤌ࡳࡢ୰࡟୰ᅜࡀࡁࡕࢇ࡜ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࡶ
ࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ

23 ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ㸱␒┠࡟࢔࣎ࢵࢺẶࠊᏳಸẶ࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢྜព≧ἣࠊ㛵ಀࡢⰋࡉ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺ
ࣛࣜ࢔ࡢᨻ⟇ࡢ࢔ࣞࣥࢪ࣓ࣥࢺࠊࡲࡓࠊእ஺ཬࡧᏳ඲ಖ㞀࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ㇦᪥୰࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆྲྀࡿ
ࡇ࡜࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡢኚ໬ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋྠ᫬࡟ࡲࡓࠊᏳಸ㤳┦࡜࢔࣎ࢵࢺ㤳┦࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀࡶ⥭ᐦ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾
ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࠊ୰ᅜ࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢ⮬⏤㈠᫆༠ᐃࢆㄪ༳࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓࡋࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊ㇦୰㛫ࡢᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࡢ༠ᐃࡶࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊไᗘⓗ࡟⪃࠼ࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ㇦᪥࡜㛫ࡢࡇࡢไᗘ࡛ࡣࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔࡟࡜
ࡗ୍࡚య࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡢ㤳┦ࡀㄡ࡟࡞ࢁ࠺࡜ࡶࠊ᪥ᮏࡣ୍␒㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ㤳┦ࡀኚࢃࡗ࡚
ࡶྠࡌ≧ἣ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ ࡲ࡜ࡵࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡢ࣊ࢵࢪࣥࢢᡓ␎࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡀ▷୰ᮇⓗ࡟ぢ࡚࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶྲྀࡽࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ᨻ⟇࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᾏ㌷රࡀࢲ࣮࢘࢕࡛ࣥࡓࡃࡉࢇ₇⩦ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊࡲࡓࠊ୰ᅜࡢ㜵✵㆑ูᅪ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᢈุ࡟㛵ࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࣅࢩࣙࢵࣉእ
┦ࡀ᫖ᖺࡢ⤊ࢃࡾ࡟ᢈุࢆ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡣ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ࢟ࣕࣥࣉ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡔ
࡜ࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢྠ┕ᅜ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ࡝࠺ࡶ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ㸦ᢿᡭ㸧▼ᕝ⸅㸦㆟㛗㸧  ࢛࢘ࣝࢺࣥඛ⏕ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ⥆ࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࠊᒣ⏣ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫᩍᤵࠊ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ
ሗ࿌㹀㸸᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᾏὒᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࡢ㔜せᛶᒣ⏣ྜྷᙪ㸦ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ㸧  ᮾᾏ኱ᏛᾏὒᏛ㒊ࡢᒣ⏣࡜⏦ࡋࡲࡍࠋ 㸯㸷㸷㸲ᖺࢆቃ࡜ࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࠊᅜ㝿᝟ໃࡣ඲ࡃኚࢃࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢᖺࠊఱࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࠿࡜࠸࠸ࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ
ᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ࡀⓎຠ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛࡞࠿ࡗࡓᾏࡢᶒ฼ࢆἢᓊᅜ࡟ㄆࡵࡿ࡜
࠸࠺ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋἢᓊ࠿ࡽ㸰㸮㸮ᾏ㔛ࠊ⣙㸱㸵㸮࢟ࣟࡢ⠊ᅖࠊ᤼௚ⓗ⤒῭Ỉᇦࠋከᅜࢆ᤼ࡋ࡚⤒῭ⓗ࡞ᶒ┈ࢆㄆࡵࡿᾏᇦ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋἢᓊᅜࡣ᭱኱㸱㸵㸮࢟ࣟࡢ⠊ᅖෆ࡛ࠊᾏ࠿ࡽࡢ୚࠼ࡽࢀ
ࡿᶒ┈ࠊලయⓗ࡟ゝ࠸ࡲࡍ࡜ࠊᾏᗏ㈨※ࡢ㛤ⓎࠊᾏỈࡢ฼⏝ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ⁺ᴗ⟶㎄ᶒࠊ㨶ࢆᤕࡿᶒ฼ࢆᣢࡘ
࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࠊᾏᇦࡢ⟶⌮ࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ㸰㸮㸮ᾏ㔛ࠊ㸱㸵㸮࢟ࣟࡢ⠊ᅖෆ࡛ἢᓊ⟶⌮ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋゝ࠸᥮࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊ⟶㎄ᾏᇦ࡟⤌ࡳධࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᗈࡃᾏࢆᣢࡘᅜ࡜ࠊᗈࡃᾏࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸ᅜࡢ㸰ࡘࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࢆࡘࡃࡿࡇ
࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ㸰ࡘࡢᅜࠊලయⓗ࡟࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢᅜ࡛౛ࢆ࠶ࡆࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ⣙㸲㸲㸵୓ᖹ᪉࣓࣮࢟ࣟࢺࣝࡢ
㡿ᾏࣉࣛࢫ᤼௚ⓗ⤒῭Ỉᇦࢆᣢࡘ᪥ᮏࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬ศࡓࡕ࡛ࡣ⣙㸱㸮㸮୓ᖹ᪉࣓࣮࢟ࣟࢺࣝࡢ㡿ᾏࣉࣛࢫ᤼௚ⓗ⤒῭Ỉᇦࢆᣢࡘ࡜୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ୰ᅜࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊࡇࡢ㸱㸮㸮୓ᖹ᪉࣓࣮࢟ࣟࢺࣝ࡟ࡣࠊᑤ㛶ㅖᓥ
ࡶྎ‴ࡶ༡Ἃㅖᓥ࡜すἋㅖᓥ࿘㎶ࡶࡍ࡭࡚ධࡾࡲࡍࠋᐇ㝿࡟ᡃࠎ◊✲⪅ࡀࠊ୰ᅜࡀ⟶⌮࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㡿ᾏࠊ᤼௚ⓗ⤒῭Ỉᇦࡢ㠃✚ࢆ㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ㸯㸮㸮୓ᖹ᪉࣓࣮࢟ࣟࢺࣝ࡟ࡶ‶ࡓ࡞࠸ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊୡ⏺࡬ࡢ㐨ࠊࡈࡽࢇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏิᓥ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡩࡉࡀࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᾏࡢ⟶㎄ᶒࢆ⋓ᚓࡋ࡞࠸㝈ࡾ࡟ࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡣୡ⏺

24࡬ฟࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸≧ἣ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㸰㸮㸯㸲ᖺࠊ௒ᖺ㸯㸮᭶ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ㏆ᾏ࡟㸰㸯㸰㞘ࡢ୰ᅜࡢᐦ⁺⯪ᅋࡀ౵ධࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ㸰㸯㸰㞘ࠊࢧࣥࢦ
ࡢᐦ⁺ࢆࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡇࢀࡣ⚾࡝ࡶࠊᾏὒ◊✲⪅ࡀࠊ୍ࡘ୍ࡘ⯪ࢆ᳨ドࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠋ࠾
࠿ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࡓࡃࡉࢇ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ∦㐨㸰㸮㸮㸮࢟ࣟ௨ୖࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᾏᇦࢆ㉮ࡾᅇࡾࠊ⮬ᅜ࡟ᡠࡿࠋ୰ᅜࡢࡇ
ࡢᐦ⁺⯪ᅋࠊύỤ┬࠿ࡽ⚟ᘓ┬ࡢ㛫࠿ࡽฟ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋᐇ㝿࡟ ᚟㸳㸮㸮㸮࢟ࣟࢆ㉮ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
࡜࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊ㸯㸮㸮ࢺࣥ௨ୖࡢࢡࣛࢫࡢ⯪ࠊ⇞ᩱ௦ࡔࡅ࡛ࡶࠊ᪥ᮏ෇࡟┤ࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ࠾ࡼࡑ㸱㸮㸮୓෇௨ୖ࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡣࡎ࡜⪃࠼ࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ㸰㸮㸮㞘ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿࠊ⥲㢠㸴൨෇ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ⇞ᩱ௦ࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜᥇⟬ࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔࡛ࡣࠊ࠸࠿࡟ࡶࢧࣥࢦࡀ㧗㢠ࡔ࡜࠸࠺ሗ㐨ࢆࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ㧗㢠࡞ࢧࣥࢦ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊලయⓗ࡟ゝ࠺࡜ࠊ㧗▱┴Ἀ࡛ៅ㔜࡟Ỉ୰ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆ౑ࡗ࡚യࡘࡅࡎ࡟ᤕࡗࡓሙྜ࡛ࡍࠋᗏ
ࡧࡁ⥙ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࢧࣥࢦࢆᤕࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ౯್ࡢ㧗࠸ࢧࣥࢦࡣᤕࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸰㸯㸰㞘ࠋᇽࠎ࡜ጼࢆ⌧ࡋࠊ㞃ࢀࡼ࠺࡜ࡶࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡣᐦ⁺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡓࡔࡋࠊࡇࡢ஦௳ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀ࡢᮍ⇍ࡉࠊ㊊ࡽ࡞࠸Ⅼࢆᣦ᦬ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ᪤࡟๓౛ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋ
ࡓࠋ㸰㸮㸯㸰ᖺ㸵᭶㸯㸶᪥ࠊ஬ᓥิᓥࠊ⋢அᾆ࡜࠸࠺ධỤ࡟ࠊ୰ᅜࡢ⁺⯪ᅋ㸯㸮㸴㞘ධᇦࡋࡓ஦௳ࡀ࠶ࡾ
ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ෗┿ࢆࡈࡽࢇ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ㸯㸮㸮ࢺࣥ࠿ࡽ㸳㸮㸮ࢺࣥࡢ⯪ࠋࡇࢀࡣ࠿࡞ࡾ኱ࡁ࡞
ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ㉥࠸᪝ࡣࡍ࡭࡚஬ᫍ⣚᪝ࠋ୰ᅜࡢ⯪࡛ࡍࠋྎ㢼ࡢ⥭ᛴ㑊㞴࡜࠸࠺ྡ┠࡛ධᇦࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࡓࡔࡋࠊࡇࡢ⋢அᾆࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜୰ᅜࡢ⁺ᴗቃ⏺ࣛ࢖ࣥࡼࡾ㸯㸮㸮࢟ࣟ௨ୖ㞳ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⌧ᅾࡢᢏ⾡࡛࠸࠸ࡲࡍ࡜ࠊྎ㢼ࡣ஦๓࡟㐍㊰ࡀ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊ࠶࠼࡚ྎ㢼ࡢ㑊㞴࡜࠸࠺ྡ┠࡛ධࡿࡇ࡜
ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ⊃࠸ධỤ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋධỤࡢධࡾཱྀࡣ㸰㸮㸮࣓࣮ࢺࣝࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࠋ㸰㸮㸮࣓࣮ࢺࣝࡢᖜࡋ
࠿࡞࠸ධỤ࡟ࠊ୍ᬌ࡟ࡋ࡚㸯㸮㸮㞘ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ⯪ࡀධᇦࡋࠊ୪ࢇࡔࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ㸰㸮㸯㸰ᖺ㸵᭶࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ᪥
ᮏᨻᗓࡀᑤ㛶ㅖᓥࡢ㉎ධࢆ┠ᣦࡍ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆⓎ⾲ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ⯪ᅋࠊ୍ኪ࡟ࡋ࡚ධࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ
᪥ᮏࡢᾏࡢᏳ඲ࡣᑤ㛶ㅖᓥࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ࠿࡞ࡾᗈ࠸ᾏᇦࢆᏲࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡢࡔ࡜࠸࠺୰ᅜ
࠿ࡽࡢ㆙࿌࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ≉࡟ࠊ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡀ᪂㐀⯪࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࠕ⹡⥙⁺⯪ࠖ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ⯪ࠋ㸯㞘ᙜࡓࡾᖺ㛫㸴㸮㸮㸮୓෇࡯࡝ᮾࢩࢼᾏ࡛Ỉᥭࡆࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ⯪࡛ࡍࠋ஘⋓ࡶ㐍ࡵࡿࠋᾏࡢ
ᨭ㓄ࢆࠊ⁺⯪ࢆ౑࠸ᣑ኱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ୰ᅜࡢࡸࡾ᪉࡛ࡍࠋ ࡇࢀࡀ㸰㸮㸯㸰ᖺࡢ෗┿࡛ࡍࠋ㸰㸮㸯㸮ᖺ௨㝆ࠊ୰ᅜࡣࠊᮾࢩࢼᾏ࡬ࡢ౵ฟࢆᛴ㏿࡟㐍ࡵ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ
≉࡟ᑤ㛶ㅖᓥ࿘㎶࡛ࡣࠊ㸰㸮㸯㸱ᖺ࡟᪂タࡉࢀࡓ୰ᅜᾏ㆙ᒁࡢ㆙ഛ⯪ࡀẖ᪥ࡢࡼ࠺࡟᪥ᮏ㡿ᾏ࡬౵ධࡋ࡚
࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒࡬ࠋ୰ᅜࡢᾏὒ౵ฟࡣᮾࢩࢼᾏ࡟ࡣ࡜࡝ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋ༡ࢩࢼᾏ࡟࠾ࡁࡲࡋ
࡚ࡣࠊࡉࡽ࡟⃭ࡋ࠸≧ἣ࡟࠶ࡿࠋ௒ᖺࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ࡢ㆙ഛ⯪࡟ᑐࡋࠊ୰ᅜࡢ㆙ഛ⯪ࡀయᙜࡓࡾࢆࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺
஦௳ࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋබ⯪ࡀከᅜࡢබ⯪࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ἲࢆᇳ⾜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᅜ㝿ἲ࡛⚗ࡌࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ┤᥋⾪✺ࡍࡿ๓࡟ࠊእ஺࡜࠸࠺ゎỴᡭẁࢆྲྀࡾ࡞ࡉ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀᅜ㝿ἲ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀࢆ࠶࠼࡚↓どࡋ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜࡣ࣋
ࢺࢼ࣒ࡢබ⯪㆙ഛ⯪࡟ᑐࡋ࡚యᙜࡓࡾࢆࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺஦௳ࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ㸯ࡘࡢཎᅉࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡢᾏ㆙
ᒁࡢᢸᙜ⪅࡟ࠊᅜ㝿ἲࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿே㛫ࡀᑡ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊ⪃࠼᪉࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ࠶࠼࡚ᅜ㝿ἲࢆ↓どࡋ࡚࡛ࡶᐇຊ⾜౑࡟ฟࡿࠋຊࢆᣢࡗ࡚⌧≧ࢆኚ࠼࡚࠸ࡇ࠺࡜࠸࠺ືࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ

25 ࡇࢀࡀᑤ㛶ㅖᓥ࡛ࡍࠋᑤ㛶ㅖᓥࡢ㆙ഛࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᾏୖಖᏳᗇ࡟ồࡵࡽࢀࡿᙺ┠࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࡉࡽ
࡟኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㔞ࠊ㉁࡜ࡶ࡟㧗࠸⬟ຊࢆồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᾏୖಖᏳᗇࡢ⬟ຊ࡟ࡶ㝈⏺ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡀࡲࡉ࡟௒ᖺࠊᑠ➟ཎἈ࡟࠶ࡽࢃࢀࡓ㸰㸯㸰㞘ࡢᐦ⁺⁺⯪ᅋ࡟ࡼࡾ♧ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀ࠿
ࡽඛࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᾏୖಖᏳᗇࡣࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᾏୖಖᏳయไ඲యࡀ᪂ࡋ࠸Ⓨ᝿࡛㆙ഛࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸࠿࡞ࡅࢀ
ࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠋἲࡢチࡉࢀࡿ㝈ࡾࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜࠸࠺ᅜࡣᾏୖ㆙ഛຊࡢ୍ඖ໬ࠊࡑࡋ࡚㐃ᦠࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀᚲ
⏝࡛ࡍࠋ⮬⾨㝲ࠊᾏୖ⮬⾨㝲ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᾏୖಖᏳᗇࡢᙺ๭ࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊ㞳ᓥࢆᏲࡿ㆙ᐹࡢᙺ๭ࠋࡇࡢ㐃ᦠ࡜᪂ࡋ࠸ἲయ⣔ࠊࡲࡉ࡟⤂௓ࡋࡲࡋࡓ஬ᓥิᓥࡢࢣ࣮ࢫࡶࠊᑠ➟ཎࡢࢣ࣮ࢫࡶࢢ࣮ࣞࢰ࣮ࣥ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿࡶࡢ
࡛ࡍࠋᅜᐙࢆᏲࡿࡓࡵࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᅜẸࡢᏳᐃࡋࡓ⏕άࢆᏲࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸యไࢆྲྀࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ 㞄ᅜ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᅜ㝿ἲ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ᾏࢆᏲࡿయไࢆࡘࡃࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋᅜ㝿ἲ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊࡋࡗ࠿ࡾ࡜᪥ᮏࡢពᛮࢆᣢࡕࠊᾏὒ⟶⌮యไࢆ⾜౑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ௒ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ᚲせ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᮾ༡࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢᅜࠎ࡜㐃ᦠࢆྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ㐃ᦠࢆྲྀࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ୰ᅜ࡜ࡢㄪᩚࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ
௒ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟ồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ⤖ㄽ࡜ࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡲࡎࠊఱࡼࡾࡶ⮬ᅜࡢ㆙ഛయไࢆ☜❧ࡋࠊ᫂☜࡟୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせࡔ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㸦ᢿᡭ㸧▼ᕝ⸅㸦㆟㛗㸧  ᒣ⏣ඛ⏕ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊྎ‴࠿ࡽࠊᯘඛ⏕ࠊ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ
ሗ࿌㹁㸸ྎ‴ᾏᓙࡢᏳ඲ಖ㞀࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᪥ᮏせᅉᯘṇ⩏㸦ྎ‴୰ኸ◊✲㝔Ḣ⨾◊✲ᡤ◊✲ဨ㸧  ▼ᕝඛ⏕ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊఀ⸨௦⾲ୡヰேࠊ᫂἞኱Ꮫࡢ᪉ࠎ࡟௒ᅇࡢࡈᣍ⪸ࠊᚚ♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢࢱ࢖ࢺࣝ࠿ࡽ࠾ࢃ࠿ࡾ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ௒᪥ࡢ⚾ࡢヰࡣࠊྎ‴ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜࠸࠺㛵ಀࡢ୰࡛ヰࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠋࢧࣥࣇࣛࣥࢩࢫࢥᖹ࿴᮲⣙ཬࡧ᪥⳹ᖹ࿴᮲⣙࡜࠸࠺ࠊࡇࡢ㸰ࡘࡢ᮲⣙࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏࡣྎ‴ࡔ
ࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࣌ࢫ࢝ࢻࣞᓥࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊ༡ἋㅖᓥࠊすἋㅖᓥ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢᶒ฼ࠊᶒ㝈ࠊ୺ᙇࡍ࡭࡚ࢆᨺᲠ࠸
ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ௒᪥࡛ࡶྎ‴ᨻᗓ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ༡Ἃㅖᓥ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢᡤ᭷࡟㛵ࡋ࡚୺ᙇࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ㸳㸮ᖺ࠿ࡽ㸴㸮ᖺ௦ึ㢌࡟࠿ࡅࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝㌷஦᥼ຓ㢳ၥᅋࣉࣛࢫⵓ௓▼⥲╩ࡣࠊ㸶㸱ேࡢ᪥ᮏேࡢ㌷஦㢳ၥࢆ⛎ᐦ⿬࡟ྎ‴࡟࿧ࡧᐤࡏ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᮏ࠿ࡽࡶࢃ࠿ࡿ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ
ᙼࡢྡ๓ࡣᐩ⏣࡜࠸࠺ྡ๓࡛ࡋࡓࡀࠊ୰ᅜㄒ࡛ࡣⓑ㬨ு㸦ࣂ࢖࣍ࣥࣜࣕࣥ㸧࡜࠸࠺ྡ๓࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᐩ⏣ࡉࢇ࡜ࡑࢀ௨እࡢ㌷஦㢳ၥᅋࡣࠊྎ‴ࡢ㸰㸮㸮㸮ே௨ୖࡢ୰⳹Ẹᅜ⩌ࡢ୰࣭ୖ఩ࢡࣛࢫࡢᑗᰯࢆࢺ࣮ࣞࢽ
ࣥࢢ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࡲࡓࠊ୰ᅜᮏᅵ࠿ࡽࡢᨷᧁ࡟ᑐᢠࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡕࡻ࠺࡝┿ࢇ୰࡟ⵓ௓▼Ặࡀ❧ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢྑ࡟ᐩ⏣Ặࡀ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀࢃ࠿ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊྎ‴ᾏᓙ༴ᶵࠊࡇ
ࢀࡣἈ⦖࡜ྎ‴࡜ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡶࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜ྎ‴ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜ྎ‴࡜࠸࠺㛵ಀࢆࡇࡇ࡛᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍ
ࡀࠊ⡿ᅜࡣἈ⦖࡟㥔␃ࢆࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢྎ‴ᾏᓙ༴ᶵࡢ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣࠊ࡝࠺ࡸࡗ࡚Ἀ⦖࠿ࡽࡇࡢ༴ᶵ

26≧ែࢆ⦆࿴ࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ຊࡀྥࡅࡽࢀࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊ㸯㸷㸴㸮ᖺࡢ᪥⡿Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀༠ᐃࡢ➨㸲᮲ࠊ➨㸴᮲ࢆぢࡲࡍ࡜ࠊྎ‴࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡣฟ࡚᮶ࡲࡏ
ࢇࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊᴟᮾ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᅜ㝿ᖹ࿴࡜Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀ࡢ⥔ᣢ࡜࠸࠺㡯┠࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡣࠊ᪥⡿୧᪉ࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮
࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ྎ‴࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀධࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ㸯㸷㸴㸵ᖺ࡟ࠊబ⸨㤳┦ࡀྎ‴࡟⾜ࡁࠊⵓ⥲⤫࡜఍࠸ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡢ┦ㄯࢆࡋࠊࡑࢀ࠿
ࡽࡲࡓࠊࡑࡢᚋࠊἈ⦖࡜ࡢヰࡋྜ࠸ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ㸯㸷㸴㸷ᖺ࡟బ⸨㤳┦ࡣึࡵ࡚ࠊ
ࠕྎ‴࿘㎶ࡢᏳ඲ಖ㞀⥔ᣢ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᏳ඲ಖ㞀࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞ࣇ࢓ࢡࢱ࣮࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜බⓗ࡟Ⓨゝࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟ຬẼࢆ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿⓎゝ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࡲࡓࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ࿘㎶஦ែ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛⪃࠼ࡲࡋ࡚ࡶࠊྎ‴࡜࠸
࠺ࡢࡣྡ๓࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣฟ࡚ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊධࡿ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ୧ᓊ㛵ಀ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊᑐヰ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ゎỴࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ㸰ࣉࣛࢫ㸰ࡢ࣑࣮ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ㸰㸮㸮㸳ᖺࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㸰㸮㸯㸯ᖺ࡛ࡶࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ୧ᓊ㛵ಀࡢᨵၿࡣࠊᑐヰ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡓࡋࠊࡇࢀࢆࡇ
ࢀ࠿ࡽඛࡶࡸࡗ࡚࠸࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ໭ிࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡇࢀࡣྥࡅࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢࡔ
࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
 ᮤⓏ㍤⥲⤫ࡣࠊ᭱ࡶ᪥ᮏ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚཭ዲⓗ࡞࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡛࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡇࡢ㸱ᅜ㛫ࠊ᪥⡿⳹ࡢ㸱࢝ᅜࡢ༠ຊࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸯㸷㸷㸲ᖺ࠿ࡽ㸰㸮㸮㸮ᖺࡲ࡛ࠊࡇࡢ୕ゅ㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ᳝ྡ⣲ኵཧ㆟㝔㆟ဨ࡜ࠊ⡿ᅜࡢඹ࿴ඪဨ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࣜࢳ࣮ࣕࢻ࣭࢔࣮࣑ࢸ࣮ࢪ
Ặࡀࠊ᪥⡿⳹ࡢᏳ඲ಖ㞀ၥ㢟ࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࡓࡽ࠸࠸ࡢ࠿ࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊ㸷㸳ᖺ࡜㸷㸴ᖺࡢࡇࡢ࣑ࢧ࢖ࣝࡢ
༴ᶵࡢ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊࡑࢀࢆ࡝࠺⥭ᙇࢆ⦆࿴ࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ヰࢆࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᮤ⥲⤫ࡶࠊࡇࡢἈ⦖࡜࠸
࠺ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ୰ᅜ࡜ྎ‴࡜ࡢ㛫ࡣࠊ┤᥋⯟⾜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࡇࡢ▼ᇉᓥ࡟ᐤࡋ࡚࠿ࡽࠊ୧ᓊࡢ㛫ࡢ㈌≀࡜࠿⯪⯧ࡣ⯟⾜ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺≧ἣࡀ⥆࠸ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ㸰㸮㸯㸮ᖺࡢ㸵᭶࡟ᑠᕝ࿴ஂẶࡀᬑኳ㛫࣮࣋ࢫࡢヰࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊ࢜ࣈࢨ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟࠾ࡗࡋࡷ࠸
ࡲࡋࡓࠋἈ⦖࡟⡿ᅜࡀ㥔␃ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ≉࡟୧ᓊ㛵ಀࡢ⥭ᙇࡢ㧗ࡲࡾࢆᢚṆࡍࡿୖ࡛㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ㸰㸮㸮㸶ᖺࡢ㸳᭶௨㝆ࠊ㤿ⱥ஑⥲╩ࡀㄌ⏕ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ௒࠿ࡽ༙ᖺࡄࡽ࠸࡛㏥௵࡟࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍ
ࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊᙼࡣࠊ࢜ࣇ࢕ࢩࣕࣝ࡟᪥ᖖᏳ඲ಖ㞀㛵ಀࠊࡲࡓࠊྠ┕࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢࢆࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ
࡚ࠊࡲࡓࠊἈ⦖࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⡿ᅜ㌷ࡢ㥔␃ࡶḼ㏄ࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ୺ᶒࠊࡘࡲࡾࠊࡇࡢ Diaoyuࠊࡲࡓࡣᑤ㛶ㅖᓥࡢ୺ᶒࢆᏲࡿࡓࡵ࡟࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡑࢀ࡟཯ᑐࡋࡓ⥲╩ࡣ㸯ேࡶ࠸࡞࠸ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ㸱࢝ᅜࠊྎ‴ࠊ୰ᅜࠊ㡑ᅜ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ぢࡲࡍ࡜ࠊྎ‴࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡼࡾࡶ᪥ᮏ࡟ぶࡋࡳࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊㄪᰝࢆぢ࡚ࡶࠊ୰ᅜே࡛᪥ᮏࡀዲࡁ࡞ࡢࡣ㸶㸣ࡋ࠿࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋ㸰㸰㸣ࡀ㡑ᅜே࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢᩘᏐࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡇࢀࡣ஺ὶ༠఍ࡀ⾜ࡗࡓㄪᰝ࡛ࠊྎ‴࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᪥ᮏࡢ
኱౑㤋ࡳࡓ࠸࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊྎ‴ேࡢ㸳㸲㸣ࡣ᪥ᮏࡢࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ዲࡁࡔ࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ྎ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊఝࡓࡼ࠺࡞⥭ᙇ㛵ಀࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ㸰㸮㞘௨ୖࡢ⯪⯧ࡀᐑྂᾏᓙ࡟ධࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡓࠊすኴᖹὒᆅᇦ࡟ධࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛⬣ጾࢆឤࡌࡿࡇ
࡜࡟࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊࡲࡓࠊ᥋㏆㜼Ṇࠊ㡿ᇦᣄྰࡢ⬟ຊࢆࠊ୰ᅜࡣ௒ࡘࡅࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸

27ࡲࡍࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࢆ୰ᅜᮏᅵ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ㐲ࡊࡅࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺ᡓ␎࡟ฟ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ⥆࠸࡚ࠊྎ‴ࡢ㑅ᢥ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊྎ‴ࡣ୚㑣ᅜᓥ࠿ࡽぢ࠼ࡿ⛬㏆࠸ࠋྎ‴ࡣࡸࡣࡾ஧ṇ㠃సᡓࡣ㑊ࡅ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇࡢྎ‴ᾏᓙ࡜ᮾࢩࢼᾏ࡜ࡢᡓதࢆࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡟ࡣ࠸࠿࡞࠸ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡑ
ࡇ࡛᪥⡿㛫ࡢ㜵⾨༠ຊ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊྎ‴ࡢᅜ㜵࡟࡜ࡗ࡚Ḽ㏄ࡍ࡭ࡁࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡲ࡜ࡵࡲࡍࠋ࠾ࢃ࠿ࡾ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㸱㸴ࡢ༠ᐃࡀࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜ྎ‴࡜ࡢ㛫࡛⤖ࡤࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࠊṇᖖ࡞እ஺㛵ಀࡀ࡞࠸࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡲࡓࠊ᫖ᖺࡢ㸲᭶࡟ㄪ༳ࡉࢀࡓ㔜せ࡞ࡶࡢࡀ࠶
ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊࡲࡓࠊࢣ࣮ࣜᅜົ㛗ᐁࡣࠊ௒ᖺࡢ㸶᭶࡟ࣁ࣡࢖࡛࠾ࡗࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊྎ‴࡜᪥ᮏࡢ⁺ᴗ༠ᐃ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ௒࠶ࡿࡇࡢ⣮தࢆᲴୖࡆࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࢡ࢚ࣜ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞᪉ἲ࡛ゎỴ⟇ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ⥭ᙇࡢ㧗ࡲࡿᮾࢩࢼᾏ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢᆅᇦࡢᏳᐃᛶࢆࡶࡓࡽࡑ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠾ࡗࡋ
ࡷࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡇ࡛⤊ࢃࡽࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ㸦ᢿᡭ㸧▼ᕝ⸅㸦㆟㛗㸧  ᯘඛ⏕ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊ⥆ࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࠊబ⸨ᱜ⨾ᯘ኱Ꮫᩍᤵࠊ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ
ሗ࿌㹂㸸୰ᅜࡢྎ㢌࡜࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒࡢᨻ἞ຊᏛ
ࠕᾏὒᙉᅜࠖࡢ᫬௦࠿ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ᑒࡌ㎸ࡵ࠿ࠊㅖ㈠᫆ᅜᐙࡢ⯆㝯࠿㸽బ⸨⪃୍㸦ᱜ⨾ᯘ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ㸧  ࡣ࠸ࠋᮏ᪥ࡣࠊఀ⸨௦⾲ୡヰேࠊ࠾ᣍࡁ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋ࡚࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ
࠸ࡲࡍࠋఀ⸨๛ඛ⏕࡟ࡶឤㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ ௒᪥ࡣࠊ⚾ࡶ༡ࢩࢼᾏࠊᮾࢩࢼᾏࡢලయⓗ࡞ヰࢆࡋࡼ࠺࠿࡞࡜ᛮࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕ࡢࡼ࠺࡞኱Ꮫ⪅࡟᮶࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊᑡࡋ㫽▔ᅗⓗ࡞ヰ࡟ࡋࡓ࡯࠺ࡀ࠸࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮࡗ࡚ࠊࣞࢪࣗ
࣓㸦ᮏሗ࿌᭩ࠊ㸵㸱࣮࣌ࢪཧ↷㸧ࡣࡑࢇ࡞ࡩ࠺࡟᭩࠸࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡓࠋ ෭ᡓࡀ⤊ࢃࡗࡓ࡜ࡁࠊ㸰㸯ୡ⣖ࡢୡ⏺࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ᩍᤵࡣࠊ㸰ᴟࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀ⤊ࢃࢀࡤḢᕞࡢ኱ᅜ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀࡣᑐ❧ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡟ᅇᖐࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ
ࠕࣂࢵࢡ࣭ࢺ࣭ࢗࢨ࣭ࣇ࣮ࣗࢳ࣮ࣕࠖ࡜࠸࠺ㄽᩥ࡛ࡑࢀࢆゝࢃࢀࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋஸࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࢧ࣑࢚࣭ࣗࣝࣁࣥࢳࣥࢺࣥᩍᤵࡣࠊ࢖ࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮ᑐ❧࡟࠿ࢃࡗ࡚ࠊ᐀ᩍᑐ❧࡟ᑟ࠿ࢀࡿᩥ᫂ࡢ⾪✺ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ࡜࠸࠺㆙࿌ࢆࡉࢀࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ࠾஧ேࡢ㆙࿌ࢆ௒ࡢ㸰㸯ୡ⣖ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ࡟ᙜ࡚ࡣࡵࡿ࡜ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᝟ᬒࡀぢ࠼ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ⚾ࡢ㛵ᚰ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ➨୍࡟ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦࡢᅜᐙ㛫㛵ಀࢆぢࡿ࡜ࠊ⤒῭࣭㌷஦㠃࡛ࡢ୰ᅜࡢྎ㢌࡜ࠊ᪥ᮏ⤒῭ࡢ┦ᑐⓗ࡞ᆅ┙ỿୗࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ᪥୰ࡢ㛫ࡢࣃ࣮࣭࣡ࢺࣛࣥࢪࢩࣙࣥࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࡜ぢࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊ᪥ᮏࡢྠ┕ᅜࡢ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡶࠊẖᖺࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ㜵⾨ண⟬࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞኱ᖜ࡞ᅜ㜵ண⟬ࡢ๐ῶࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ࢔ࢪ࢔࡬ࡢᅇᖐ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥ࡜⿬⭡࡟ࠊ኱ศ௓ධࡣ᥍࠼┠࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࢔ࢪ
࢔ኴᖹὒ࡛ࡣࠊ⌧ᅾࡣ୰ᅜࡀ✺ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ௒ᚋࡣࠊࡑࡢ୰ᅜ࡜࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥
ᮏࡀ㡹ᙇࢀࢀࡤࠊ㸱ᴟࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡀᆅᇦࢆື࠿ࡍࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜ࠋ୰ᅜࡣᾏὒᙉᅜࢆᚿྥࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ28ᾏ㌷ࠊᾏ㆙ࠊ⁺⯪࡟ࡼࡿᮾࢩࢼᾏࠊ༡ࢩࢼᾏࡢάືࢆ࢚ࢫ࣮࢝ࣞࢺࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡀ㸯␒┠ࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡡࠋ 㸰␒┠࡟ࠊ᐀ᩍⓗ࡞୺ᙇࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢸࣟࣜࢫࢺࡢάື࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛᅜ㸦,6,6㸧ࡢฟ⌧ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ
㸰㸮㸯㸯ᖺ㸳᭶࡟࢜ࢧ࣐࣭ࣅ࣭ࣥࣛࢹ࢕ࣥࡀṚࢇࡔᚋࡶࠊ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ୰ᅜࢆྵࡴ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒࡢ
Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡢከࡃࡣࠊ」ᩘࡢ᐀ᩍࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆᢪ࠼ࡿ」ྜ♫఍࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜᨻᗓ⮬యࡶ᪂ᙖ࢘࢖ࢢࣝ⮬἞༊ࡸࠊࢳ࣋ࢵࢺ⮬἞༊࡞࡝ࡢᅜෆ࡛ࡢ㐣⃭ὴ࡜࠿ศ㞳୺⩏⪅ࡢᢚไ࡜ࠊᙼࡽࡢᅜእࡢໃຊ࡜ࡢ஺ὶ࡟㢌ࢆ③ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋゝࡗ࡚ࡳࢀࡤࠊ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕࡜ࣁࣥࢳࣥࢺࣥඛ⏕ࡢゝࢃࢀࡓ㆙࿌ࡣࠊ㒊ศⓗ࡞ࡀࡽ୧⪅࡜ࡶ࡟ྠ᫬࡟㐍⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ぢ࠼ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ෭ᡓᮇ࠿ࡽ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦ࡟ࡣࠊḢᕞࡢ㹌㸿㹒㹍ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሀᅛ࡞ከᅜ㛫ྠ┕ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝
࡜ᆅᇦㅖᅜࡢ஧ᅜ㛫ྠ┕ࢆࣁࣈ࣭࢔ࣥࢻ࣭ࢫ࣏࣮ࢡᆺ࡟ᒎ㛤ࡋࡓᏳ඲ಖ㞀༠ຊ㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ
኱ᅜ㛫ࡢᑐ❧ࡢᐇ⌧࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࡼࡾ῝้࡛࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏᅜෆ࡟ࡣࠊᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ῝้࡞ᩥ᫂ࡢ⾪✺ⓗ⌧㇟ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ᪥ᮏ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊᙜ㠃ࡢᏳ඲ಖ㞀ၥ㢟ࡣࠊᮾࢩࢼᾏࡢᑤ㛶ㅖᓥࡢ㡿᭷ࢆࡵࡄࡿၥ
㢟࡜ࠊ㔜せ࡞༡ࢩࢼᾏࡢ⯟⾜ࡢ⮬⏤ࡢ☜ಖ࡛࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᩘከࡃࡢ୰ᅜࡢᮾࢩࢼ
ᾏࡢᣮⓎ⾜Ⅽࢆࡸࡵࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊຊࢆ⾜౑ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡀ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶ࢔࣓࡛ࣜ࢝ࡶጞࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㸯㸯᭶ࡢᮎ࡟⤊ࢃࡾࡲࡋࡓࠕ㙠す㸰㸴ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࠊ㸯୓㸴㸳㸮㸮ேࡢ⮬⾨ᐁࡀཧຍࡋࡓ኱つᶍ࡞₇⩦ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡅ
ࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆࡸࡗ࡚୰ᅜࢆᢚṆࡍࡿດຊࢆࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡣ▼Ἔഛ⵳ࡀࡲࡔ㸱㸮᪥๓ᚋࡋ࠿࡞࠸࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋഛ⵳ࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪋タࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ౑࠺㔞ࡢ࡯࠺ࡀከࡃ࡚㏣࠸ࡘ࠿࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ
⮬⾨㝲࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜᾏ㌷ࡣᅽಽⓗ࡟ඃໃ࡜ࡣゝ࠼ࡲࡏࢇࠋ௒࡞ࡽ࠿࡞ࡾࡢࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ
࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡸ㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌ㅖᅜ࡜༠ຊࡍࢀࡤࠊࢩ࣮࣮ࣞࣥࡢࢳ࣮ࣙࢡ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࢆᢲࡉ࠼࡚ࠊ୰ᅜࢆᑒࡌ㎸ࡵࡽࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ㄏᝨࡀᡃࠎ࡟ࡣ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡓࡔࠊࡇࡇ࡛⪃࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ㐣ཤࡢ᫬௦ࡶ┦஫౫Ꮡ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝
ࡶࠊ௒ࡣ┦஫౫Ꮡࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ➇ྜࡍࡿᅜẸྠኈࡀ୍⥴࡟ఫࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶከ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ㸰㸮㸯㸱ᖺࡢ⤫ィ࡛ぢࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ୰ᅜࡣ᪥ᮏࡢ᭱኱ࡢ㈠᫆┦ᡭᅜ࡛ࡍࠋ᪥ᮏࡣ୰ᅜ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚➨㸰ࡢ㈠᫆┦ᡭᅜ࡛ࡍࠋ୰ᅜ࡟ᅾఫࡍࡿ᪥ᮏேࡣ㸯㸱୓㸳㸮㸮㸮ேࠋ᪥ᮏ࡟ᅾఫࡍࡿ୰ᅜࡣ㸴㸲୓㸷㸮㸮㸮ே࡛ࡍࠋ᪥ᮏࡀ
ᡓதࡍࡿ࡟ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡔࡅࡢ⤒῭ཬࡧேⓗ㛵ಀࢆ≛≅࡟ࡍࡿぬᝅࡀᚲせ࡞ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ୰ᅜഃࡶ≧ἣࡣࡑ࠺ኚ
ࢃࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ㸯㸯᭶㸯㸮᪥ࡢ㸿㹎㹃㹁㤳⬻఍㆟ࡢ㝿ࡢಶู఍ㄯ࡛ࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟୙ទᛌࡑ࠺࡞㢦ࢆࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᏳಸ
⥲⌮ࢆ㏄࠼ࡓ⩦㏆ᖹᅜᐙ୺ᖍࡢ⾲᝟ࡀࡑࢀࢆ㇟ᚩࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡣ఍ㄯ๓࡟ࡣᑤ㛶ၥ㢟࡛ࡶ㟹ᅜၥ㢟࡛ࡶ᪥ᮏࢆㆡṌࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ㸳᭶࠿ࡽ㸵᭶࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡢࣃࣛࢭࣝㅖᓥἈࡢኳ↛࢞
ࢫࡢ㈨※᥈ᰝ࡛ࡶࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ࡢ᢬ᢠ࡜ᅜ㝿♫఍ࡢᢈุࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊእ஺ⓗ࡟ࡣࡇࢀࡣኻᩋࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ࢔
࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀᠱᛕࢆ♧ࡋ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜࡣ᥈ᰝࢆࡸࡵࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ୙ទᛌ࡞ᅜ࡛ࡶ௜ࡁྜࢃࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸࡜࠸
࠺ࡢࡀࠊ௒ࡢ┦஫౫Ꮡ㛫ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦࡢ⌧ᐇ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ୰ᅜࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡸ㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌ㅖᅜࢆྵࡴ࿘㎶ㅖᅜࡸ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡢᝏ໬ࢆ㑊ࡅࡿ࡟ࡣࡶࡗ࡜ດຊࡀᚲ
せ࡛ࡍࠋᾏὒᙉᅜࢆ┠ᣦࡍࢫ࣮ࣟ࢞ࣥ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣᲴୖࡆ࡟ࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ
ࡑࡢୖ࡛ࠊᅜෆࡢᩥ᫂ࡢ⾪✺ࡢ⦆࿴࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ᪥⡿ࡢᨻ἞୺ᑟ⪅ࡣࠊ୰ᅜ࡜ࡢ⤒῭ⓗ࡞┦஫౫Ꮡ࡜ᣢ

29⥆ྍ⬟࡞ᆅᇦࡢ⤒῭Ⓨᒎࡢᒎᮃࢆࡶࡗ࡜㔜どࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠋ⤒῭ᢏ⾡㠃࡛ࡢㄏᅉ࡜᪥⡿ྠ┕ࡢᐇຊ࡛ࠊ୰ᅜࢆ᪥ᮏ࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞㈠᫆ᅜᐙ࡟ㄏᑟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
 ㈠᫆ᅜᐙ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡣࠊ㸯㸷㸶㸴ᖺ࡟ࣜࢳ࣮ࣕࢻ࣭࣮ࣟࢬࢡࣛࣥࢫᩍᤵࡀ౑ࢃࢀࡓゝⴥ࡛ࡍࠋ௒ࡣࠊࣁ
࣮ࢻࣃ࣮࣡࡜ࢯࣇࢺࣃ࣮࣡ࡢే⏝ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ
᪥ᮏࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡀ஘ᭀ࡞ࡇ࡜ࢆࡍࡿ࡜ࡁࡣࠊ
⮬ศࡢຊࡇࡪࢆぢࡏࡿࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊᩛពࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࠊ࠿ࡘ῝้࡞⎔ቃၥ㢟࡬ࡢ⦆࿴ࢆᨭ᥼ࡍ
ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊᑗ᮶ࠊᑐ୰㹍㹂㸿ࢆ෌㛤ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ㑅ᢥ⫥࡟ධࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ
 ㈠᫆⮬⏤໬ࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ
㹒㹎㹎࡜㹐㹁㹃㹎ࡢ༊ศࡢ⫼ᚋ࡟ࠊ᪥⡿୰ࡢ㛫ࡢᨻ἞ⓗ࡞୙ಙឤࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
ヲࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣ⏦ࡋࡲࡏࢇࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ୰ᅜࡣ㹃㸿㹃㹁ᵓ᝿௨᮶ࠊᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࡛࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀཬࡤ࡞࠸ໃ
ຊᅪࢆḧࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ᫬Ẃᘯᩍᤵ࡞࡝ࡣࠊすኴᖹὒࡢす㒊ࢆ୰ᅜࡢᡓ␎✵㛫࡟ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡲ࡛ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡔࡅ┦஫౫Ꮡࡀ㐍ࢇࡔ᫬௦࡟ࠊໃຊᅪࢆồࡵࡿᵓ᝿࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊᴟࡵ࡚࢔ࢼࢡࣟࢽ
ࢫࢸ࢕ࢵࢡ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜࢆྲྀࡾ㎸ࡴࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔㤳⬻఍㆟࡞࡝࡛᫬㛫ࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚㹒㹎㹎࡜㹐㹁㹃㹎ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄດຊࡀᚲせ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊ㹒㹎㹎ࡢ๓㐍࡟ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡣ㎰⏘≀ࡢ㛵⛯᧔ᗫ࡞࡝ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣ⮬ື㌴ࡢ㍺ධไ㝈ࡢၥ㢟࡞࡝࡛ࠊ࠾஫࠸࡟ጇ༠ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ✚ᴟⓗᖹ࿴୺⩏࡜❧ὴ࡞ࡇ࡜ࢆゝ࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ✚ᴟⓗ㈠᫆୺⩏ࡶ᪥ᮏࡣᚲせࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ᪥ᮏࡣ㋃ࢇࡤࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸ࡅ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ⚾ࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪ࡛࠶
ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⤊ࢃࡽࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ㸦ᢿᡭ㸧▼ᕝ⸅㸦㆟㛗㸧  ኱ኚ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡉ࡚ࠊࢹࣅࢵࢻ࣭࢛࢘ࣝࢺࣥඛ⏕ࠊᒣ⏣ᩍᤵࠊᯘ◊✲ဨࠊబ⸨ᩍᤵࠊⓙᵝࡢ࠾ヰࢆఛࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࡇ
ࡇ࡛ࣇࣟ࢔࣮ࢆ࣮࢜ࣉࣥ࡟ࡋࡓ࠸࡜Ꮡࡌࡲࡍࠋ ෑ㢌ࠊྖ఍ࡢ⪅࠿ࡽ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࡈⓎゝᕼᮃࡢ᪉ࡣᣲᡭࢆ࠾㢪࠸ࡋࠊ࠾ྡ๓ࠊࡈᡤᒓࢆ࠾ࡗ
ࡋࡷࡗ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ࠾୍ேᵝ㸰ศࠊ㸯ศࡓࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࣜࣥࢢࢥ࣮ࣝࢆࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ㸱᫬㸲㸳ศࡲ࡛ࠊ᫬㛫ࡢチࡍ⠊ᅖෆ࡛㆟ㄽࢆ⥆ࡅࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊࣇࣟ࢔࣮ࢆ࣮࢜ࣉࣥࡋࡓ࠸࡜Ꮡࡌࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡣࠊࡲࡎࠊᆏᮏඛ⏕ࠊ࡝࠺ࡒࠋ





⮬⏤ウ㆟

ᆏᮏṇᘯ㸦᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛୖᖍ◊✲ဨ㸧  ⚾ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛᡤᒓࡢᆏᮏ࡛ࡍࠋ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖
࣐࣮ᩍᤵࠊࡼ࠺ࡇࡑ᪥ᮏ࡟࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ㉁ၥࡀࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ୰ᅜࡀ࠿ࡘ࡚ࡢ⡿ᅜ࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ᆅᇦぞᶒᅜ࡟࡞ࡾࡓࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺࠾ヰ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ᩍ
ᤵࡢ⌮ㄽ࠿ࡽࡋࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔࡛ࡢᆅᇦぞᶒࢆᥱࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔࡛ࡢ⾜ືࡢ⮬⏤ࢆᚓࡿࡢࡳ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ௚
ࡢᆅᇦ࡛ࡶ➇த⪅ࢆ㜼Ṇࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺㢼࡟⌮ゎࡋ࡚ࡼ࠸ࡢ࠿ࠋ୰ᅜࡀ࢔ࢪ࢔࠿ࡽ⡿ᅜࢆ㏣࠸ฟࡍࡢࡳ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ
す༙⌫࡛ࡶࠊ⡿ᅜ࡟ࠊ୰ᅜࡀࢳࣕࣞࣥࢪࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋᩍᤵࡢ⌮ㄽࢆ⚾ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ゎ㔘ࡋ

30ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢゎ㔘ࡣṇࡋ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋࡲࡓࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢୡㄽࡣࡇࡢ⌮ㄽ࡟࡝࠺࠸࠺཯ᛂࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ ᭱㏆ࠊ⡿୰ࡢ⤒῭Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀ጤဨ఍ࡢ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࢆㄞࡳࡲࡋࡓࠋ୰ᅜࡣ௒ᚋ㸰㸮㸰㸮ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢ㛫࡟ࠊᾏ㌷ຊ࡜✵㌷ຊࡶ࠿࡞ࡾቑᙉࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑ࠺ࡍࡿ࡜ࣃ࣮࣡ࣂࣛࣥࢫࡀኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ
ࡀࠊࡑࡢᆅᇦぞᶒᅜࡢ≧ἣ࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ
▼ᕝ⸅㸦㆟㛗㸧  ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕ࠊ࠾⟅࠼࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡲࡍ࠿ࠋ
ࢪ࣭࣑ࣙࣥ࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮  ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡲࡍ࠿ࠋࡇࡢ࣐࢖ࢡ࡛⤖ᵓ࡛ࡍࡼࠋㄡ࠿ࡀ࣐࢖ࢡࢆฟࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ࡚ࠊ࢚
ࣝࣅࢫ࣭ࣉࣞࢫ࣮ࣜ࡟࡞ࡗࡓẼᣢࡕ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡉ࡚ࠊᆏᮏඛ⏕ࡢ᭱ึࡢ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ⚾ࡢ⌮ㄽ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࡇ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ࠶ࡿ㸯࢝ᅜࡀᆅᇦࡢぞᶒᅜ࡟࡞ࡾࡓ࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࡯࠿ࡢᅜࡀࡇࡢᆅᇦࡢᨭ㓄ຊࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟☜ಖࡋࡓ࠸ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢ
ᆅᇦࢆᨭ㓄ࡍࡿ࡜࡞ࢀࡤࠊୡ⏺୰ࢆ࡝ࡇ࡛ࡶ⮬⏤࡟࠺ࢁࡘࡁᅇࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ࡞ࡐ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀୡ⏺୰ࢆᅇࡗ࡚ࡳࢇ࡞ࡢᅜࡢヰ࡟㰯ࢆ✺ࡗ㎸ࡴ࠿⪃࠼ࡲࡍ࡜ࠊࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡣࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ㏆㞄ᅜ࡟⬣ጾࡀ࡞࠸࠿ࡽࠋ⿬
ᗞ࡟⬣ጾࡀ࡞࠸࠿ࡽࡇࡑࠊእ࡟ฟ࡚࠸ࡅࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀ୰ᅜࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢᨭ㓄ࢆ᎘ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢࡣࠊ
ࡶࡋ୰ᅜࡀ࢔ࢪ࢔࡛ᨭ㓄ᶒࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜ࠊす༙⌫࡟ฟ࡚ࡃࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ⡿ᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡣ࢔ࢪ࢔
࡛ᶒຊࢆࢩ࢙࢔ࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ᆏᮏඛ⏕ࡀ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡀᆅᇦࡢぞᶒᅜ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡽࠊ⡿ᅜ࡟ࡣᆅᇦࡢぞᶒᅜ࡛࠶ࡗ
࡚࡯ࡋࡃ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀᆅᇦࡢぞᶒᅜࡔࡗࡓࡽࡤࠊୡ⏺୰࠺ࢁࡘࡁᅇࢀࡿ
࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡢ᭱ၿࡢ฼┈࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡳࡎ࠿ࡽࡀ࢔ࢪ࢔ࢆᨭ㓄ࡍࡿࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣࠊࣈࣛࢪࣝ࡜࠿࢔ࣝࢮ
ࣥࢳࣥ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡞➇த┦ᡭࢆす༙⌫࡛ᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡣࡑࡢ࡜࠾ࡾࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࢔࣓
ࣜ࢝ࡢୡㄽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝ࠼ࡤࠊ࢚࣮ࣜࢺࡀఱ࡛ࡶࡸࡾࡓ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆỴࡵ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᅜ
Ẹࢆ࠺ࡲࡃ᧯సࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ⬣ጾ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ኱ࡆࡉ࡟ゝࡗ࡚ࠊ࢚࣮ࣜࢺࡢぢゎ࡜୍⥴࡟࡞ࡾ࡞ࡉ࠸࡜࠸
࠺ࡩ࠺࡟ㄝᚓࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢୡㄽ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊᴟ➃࡞౛ࢆ㝖࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡑࢀ࡯࡝㔜ࡁࢆ⨨࠿ࢀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ
▼ᕝ⸅㸦㆟㛗㸧  ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ᮾ㒓࿴ᙪ㸦ி㒔⏘ᴗ኱Ꮫୡ⏺ၥ㢟◊✲ᡤᡤ㛗㸧  ᮾ㒓࡜⏦ࡋࡲࡍࠋி㒔⏘ᴗ኱Ꮫࡢᩍᤵࢆࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊእົ┬࡟㸰㸮㸮㸰ᖺࡲ࡛໅ࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢ㛫⚾ࡢ୺࡞㈐ົࡣࣟࢩ࢔࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ⚾ࡣࠊ௒ࠊ୰ᅜࡢྎ㢌࡟⯆࿡ࢆᣢࡕࠊᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠊྎ‴ࠊ㡑ᅜࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࠊ⡿ᅜ➼࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟⯆࿡ࢆࡶࡗ࡚ᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊᮏ᪥ࡣࠊ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࣟࢩ࢔࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㉁ၥࢆࡋࡓ࠸
࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ඛ⏕ࡣࠕࣇ࢛࣮࣭ࣜࣥ࢔ࣇ࢙࢔࣮ࢬࠖㄅ࡟ࠕ࢘ࢡࣛ࢖ࢼ༴ᶵࡀすഃࡢ࡜ࡀࡵ࡟࡞ࡿࡢࡣ࡞ࡐ࠿ࠖ࠸࠺グ஦ࢆ࠾᭩ࡁ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ࢘ࢡࣛ࢖ࢼ༴ᶵࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚௨᮶⚾ࡀ࿧ࢇࡔグ஦ࡢ୰࡛ࠊࡇࡢグ஦ࡣ᭱㧗ࡢศᯒࢆࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ㛵㐃࡛ࠊ㸱ࡘࡢ㉁ၥࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ  ␒┠ࠊᮏ᪥ࠊ࠾ヰࡢ୰࡛ࠊ୰ᅜࡢྎ㢌࡟ࡉࡽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡢᆅᇦ࡛ࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡢ㏆㞄ㅖᅜࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ
᪥ᮏࠊ࢖ࣥࢻࠊࣟࢩ࢔ࡣࡳ࡞ࡑࢀࡒࢀ⌮⏤ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚୰ᅜ࠿ࡽࡢ㊥㞳ࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠾ヰ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ

31 ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㸰᭶௨㝆ࡢࢡ࣑ࣜ࢔࣭࢘ࢡࣛ࢖ࢼ᝟ໃ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㹅㸵ࡢᨻ⟇࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࣟࢩ࢔ࡣ㹅㸵࠿ࡽ᤼㝖ࡉࢀࠊ୰ᅜࡢ࡯࠺࡟ᢲࡋࡸࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ୰ࣟࡢ᥋㏆࡜㛵ಀࡢᨵၿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘࡢࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ 㸰␒┠ࠊ
ࠕࣇ࢛࣮࣭ࣜࣥ࢔ࣇ࢙࢔࣮ࢬࠖࡢ㸷࣭㸯㸮ྕ࡟ࡇࡢグ஦ࢆ᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠿ࡽᩘ࢝᭶๓ࡀࡓࡕࡲࡋࡓࠋ
࢘ࢡࣛ࢖ࢼ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡲࡓ⡿ᅜ㆟఍࡛㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆぢࡲࡍ࡜ࠊࡑࡢᚋࡢ㹅㸵ࡢᑐࣟᨻ⟇࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ
࡝࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿␲ၥ࡟ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋホ౯ࢆఛ࠸ࡓ࠸ࠋ 㸱␒┠ࠊᏳಸ㤳┦࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࣄࣥࢺࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡽࠋࡶࡋࠊᙼࡀ෌㑅ࡉࢀࡓࡽࡤࠊᑐࣟᨻ⟇࡛ఱࢆຓゝ࡞ࡉ࠸ࡲࡍ࠿ࠋ⚾⮬㌟ࡣࠊᙼࡢᨻ⟇࡟ࡣᢈุⓗ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏࡢᨻᗓࡢ᭱ၿࡢᨻ⟇ࡣࠊ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕ࢆᨻᗓࡢ࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢨ࣮࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ㸦➗㸧ࠋ࢘ࢡࣛ࢖ࢼၥ㢟ࡣࠊᆅᨻᏛⓗࠊṔྐⓗ࡞ࣜ࢔ࣜࢫࢺࡢ
࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆྲྀࡿᚲ⏝ࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡛ࡍࠋࡐࡦࡈពぢࢆఛ࠸ࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
▼ᕝ⸅㸦㆟㛗㸧  ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕ࠊ࡝࠺ࡒ࠾⟅࠼ࢆ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ
ࢪ࣭࣑ࣙࣥ࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮  ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡢグ஦ࢆㄞࢇ࡛ࡃࡔࡉࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡈぶษ࡟࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ⚾ࡣࠊ࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢨ࣮࡟࡞ࡿࡢࡣ᪥ᮏࡢ࡯࠺ࡀྍ⬟ᛶࡣ㧗࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⡿ᅜෆࡼࡾࡶ᪥ᮏᅜෆࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ
㧗࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣ඲↛ࡑࡢࢳࣕࣥࢫࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊᐇ㝿ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࡣࠋ ࡉ࡚㸱ࡘࡢࡍࡤࡽࡋ࠸㉁ၥࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡎࠊ⚾ࡀⓎ⾲ࡢ୰࡛ゝࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊࣟࢩ࢔࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ
ᑐ୰ࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆྲྀࡿ㐃ྜయࡢ㸯ࡘ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜࠿࢖ࣥࢻ࡜࠿࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ࡶධࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࠋ኱౑ࡶ࠾ࡗ
ࡋࡷࡗࡓ࡜࠾ࡾࠊఱࡀ㉳ࡇࡗࡓ࠿࡜࠸࠸ࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ࢘ࢡࣛ࢖ࢼ༴ᶵࡀ㉳ࡇࡗࡓࠋ⡿ᅜࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢྠ┕ᅜࡣࠊຠᯝⓗ࡟ࣟࢩ࢔ࢆ㏣࠸ࡸࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡢ⭎ࡢ୰࡟ᢲࡋࡸࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋ⚾ࡀⓎ⾲ࡢ୰࡛ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࡜▩┪ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ㸰ࡘ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ಙࡌࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡄࡽ࠸すഃࡀࡑࢀࢆࡸࡗࡓࡽࠊࡤ࠿ࡆࡓࠊហ࠿࡞ࡇ࡜ࡔࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢ࡯࠿࡟
ࡶࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢ⌮⏤ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ࡞ࡐࣟࢩ࢔࡜ࠊࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜࢘ࢡࣛ࢖ࢼ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࢣࣥ࢝ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࠋ࢖ࣛࣥ
࡛ࡶࢩࣜ࢔࡛ࡶࣟࢩ࢔ࡀຓࡅ࡚ࡃࢀࡓࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊ࢔ࣇ࢞ࢽࢫࢱࣥ࡟ࡶὴරࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓࠋ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ᯫ✵ࡢ≀㉁ࡢᑒࡌ㎸ࡵ࡟ࡶຓࡅ࡚ࡃࢀࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊࣟࢩ࢔࡜ࢣࣥ࢝ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࢃ
ࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࠊ㛗ᮇⓗ࡟࠸࠺࡜ࠊࡑ࠺ࡣ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶ୰ᅜࡀࡶࡗ࡜ࡶࡗ࡜ຊࢆࡘࡅ࡚ࠊࣟࢩ࢔ࡀ⚄⤒㉁࡟࡞
ࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࡋ࡚࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀ㍈㊊ࢆ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟⛣ࡍ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡢ୰࡛ࠊࡇࡢ࢘ࢡࣛ࢖ࢼ༴ᶵ࡛ࣟࢩ࢔࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡸ
ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࢲ࣓࣮ࢪࡣᑡࡋᅇ᚟࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⡿ᅜࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ㈼᫂࡟ࠊࡇࡢ㸰㸳ᖺ㛫ື࠸࡚ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗ
ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ 㸰␒┠ࡢ㉁ၥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ࢘ࢡࣛ࢖ࢼ≧ἣࡀ༴㝤࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࠋ඲ࡃ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡿ࡜࠾ࡾ
ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪂⪺ࢆẖ᪥ㄞࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ドᣐࡀࡑࡇ࡛ぢ࡚࡜ࢀࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᡃࠎࡣᬻᐃ
ⓗ࡟㹌㸿㹒㹍ࡢ㌷஦ຊࢆᮾ࡟ࠊ౛࠼ࡤࠊ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟ฟࡋࡓ࡜ࠋࡇࢀ࡛ࣟࢩ࢔ࡀࡧࡗࡃࡾ࠸ࡓࡋ
ࡲࡋ࡚⬣ጾࢆᣢࡗ࡚ᣮⓎⓗ࡞ࡇ࡜ࢆࣟࢩ࢔ഃࡀጞࡵࡓࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ㹌㸿㹒㹍࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ
࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡲࡓࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࡗ࡚᥃ࡅ㔠ࡀୖࡀࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࠊ࠾஫࠸ࡢ➇த࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋࡇ
ࢀࡣ༴㝤࡞ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠋᡃࠎࡣఱ࠿ࡇࢀࢆ࡞ࡔࡵ࡚ᢚ࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

32 ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊᏳಸ㤳┦ࡢᨻ⟇࡟㛵ࡋ࡚࡛ࡍࡀࠊࣟࢩ࢔ᨻ⟇࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟῝࠸ࠊ࢘ࢡࣛ࢖
ࢼࢆ㙠㟼໬ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞⌮⏤ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ
࢔ࢪ࢔࡟ᑐࡍࡿႏ㉳࡜ゝࢃࢀࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ
࢘ࢡࣛ࢖ࢼࡀࡶࡋ⥅⥆ࡋࡓࡽࠊࡑࢀࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡘࡲࡾࠊࢡࣜࣥࢺࣥ㛗ᐁࡣࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟ᅇᖐࡍࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡶࡗ࡜࡯࠿ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟ࠊ
ࡘࡲࡾ㍈㊊ࢆ⨨ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊ౛࠼ࡤࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡟㍈㊊ࢆ⨨ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊࡇࡕࡽഃ
࠿ࡽྥࡇ࠺࡟⾜ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ࢔ࢪ࢔࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࢼࣥࣂ࣮㸰࡛ࠊ୍␒ࡀ࣮ࣚࣟ
ࢵࣃࠋ࣌ࣝࢩࣕ‴ࡀ㸱఩࡛࠶ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡶ࠺࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡣࢼࣥࣂ࣮㸯࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡀࢼࣥࣂ࣮㸯࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ゝࡗࡓࡢࡀࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢᅇᖐ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ࡔࡗࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡀྎ㢌ࡋࡓ࠿ࡽࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ㸰㸮㸯㸯ᖺ࠿ࡽࠊࡲࡓ୰ᮾ࡛ᡓதࡀጞࡲࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡶࡲࡓ㠀ᖖ࡟ࡤ࠿ࡆࡓ
⾜Ⅽࡔࡗࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊࡲࡓࠊ࢘ࢡࣛ࢖ࢼ࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢ༴ᶵࢆࡉࡽ࡟኱ࡁࡃࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ
࡜࡛ࠊࡶࡗ࡜≧ἣࡀᝏ໬ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜ࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࠿ࡽ௒ᗘࡣ㞳ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ
࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢᅇᖐࡀ㞴ࡋࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ⚾ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ࡛ゝ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽゝ࠸ࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟ࡶ࠺୍ᗘ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟ᅇᖐࡋ࡚
ࡁ࡚ࠊࡑࡋ࡚㠀ᖖ࡟ᙉຊ࡞ྠ┕ᅜ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࢀࢀࡤ࠸࠸ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ࢘ࢡࣛ࢖ࢼࡀᝏ໬ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟ࡑࢀࢆ౵ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡔ࠿ࡽࡇࡑࠊᏳಸ㤳┦ࡣࠊ⚾ࡸ࢟ࢵࢩࣥࢪ࣮ࣕẶࠊ࡯࠿ࡢேࡓࡕࡀゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࡇࡢࡄࡽ࠸ࡢၥ㢟ࡣゎỴࡋ࡞ࡉ࠸࡜ࣉ
ࣞࢵࢩ࣮ࣕࢆ࠿ࡅࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡍࠋ
▼ᕝ⸅㸦㆟㛗㸧  ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ΎỈ⩏࿴㸦᪥ᮏᅜ㐃༠఍ඖᖖົ⌮஦㸧  ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋඖ᪥ᮏᅜ㐃༠఍ࡢᖖົ⌮஦ࡢΎỈ࡜⏦ࡋࡲࡍࠋ㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌ᆅᇦࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࡀ㸯㸷㸷㸲ᖺ࡟タ❧ࡉࢀ࡚ࠊ㸰㸮ᖺ㛫ࡶࡗࡥࡽಙ㢗㔊ᡂࡢࡓࡵࡢά
ືࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋၥ㢟ࡣࠊḟ࡟ண㜵እ஺ࠊ⣮தゎỴࠊࡇ࠺࠸࠺᪉ྥ࡟㏆ࠎྥ࠿࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡣ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ
࠿ࠋ⚾ࡣ㏆ࠎྥ࠿࠺࡭ࡁࡔ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
▼ᕝ⸅㸦㆟㛗㸧  ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕ࠊ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ
ࢪ࣭࣑ࣙࣥ࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮  㸯㸮㸮㸣௒ࡢ㉁ၥࡀ᏶඲࡟⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋಙ㢗㔊ᡂ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢᆅᇦࣇ࢛࣮࣒࡛ࣛ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡇࢀࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀ⥭ᙇࢆ࿴ࡽࡆࡿࡢ࡟ᙺ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛࠸࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ࠿ࠊ௒ࡢ㉁ၥࡣࠋ
 ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ௒ࡢ㉁ၥࡣࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌ࠊᆅᇦࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀࡁࡕࢇ࡜ண㜵እ஺ࢆಁ㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ⚾ࡣࠊࡇࡢண㜵እ஺࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟࠸࠸᪉ἲࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ
ࡇࡇ࡛ࡢၥ㢟ࡣࠊண㜵እ஺ࡀᐇ㝿ⓗ࡟ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿࡢ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ㉁ၥ࡟⟅࠼ࡿࡢࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡶᴫㄽⓗ࡟࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ ࡘࡲࡾࠊ୍ࡘ୍ࡘࡢࢣ࣮ࢫࢆぢ࡚ࡳ࡞ࡅࢀࡤゝ࠼ࡲࡏࢇࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ࢘ࢡࣛ࢖ࢼ࡞࡝ࡀࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࠋண㜵እ஺ࡣࠊ࢘ࢡࣛ࢖ࢼࡢၥ㢟ࢆ᭱ึ࠿ࡽ㜵ࡄࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᐇ㝿ࡢ༴ᶵ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ
ࡽࠊண㜵እ஺࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࡑࢀࡀᝏ໬ࡍࡿࡢࢆ㜵ࡄࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ࢘ࢡࣛ࢖ࢼࡢሙྜࡣࡑ࠺
࡛ࡍࠋ

33


 ࡓࡔࠊᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛㉳ࡇࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ༴ᶵࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࡇࢀ࠿ࡽඛࡢ༴ᶵࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊண㜵እ஺࡛࡯ࢇ࡜࠺࡟ࡇࢀࡀゎỴ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ⚾ࡣ␲ၥ࡛ࡍࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊᑤ㛶ࠊDiaoyu࡞࡝ࡀࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊእ஺ⓗ࡞ࢯ࣮ࣜࣗࢩࣙࣥࡀࡇࡢၥ㢟࡟ࡣ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ᛮ࠺࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ
඲ࡃࢮࣟࢧ࣒ࢤ࣮࣒ࡔ࡜ゝࡗ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡀ୰ᅜ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊ౛࠼ࡤࠊ༙ศ࡟ษࡗ
࡚ࠊ༙ศࡎࡘ᪥୰࡛ศࡅࡿ࠿ࠋ
࡝ࡕࡽ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊண㜵እ஺࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࡇࡢၥ㢟࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ㛗ᮇⓗ࡟ぢ࡚ゎỴ⟇࡟ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠸
ࡲࡍࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ேࡓࡕࡀ஫࠸࡟ᑐヰࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡀᝏ໬ࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟
ᑐヰࢆᣢࡘࡢࡣ࠸࠸ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡓࡔࠊண㜵እ஺ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ㛗ᮇⓗ࡟ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ኱ࡋࡓ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡣ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠸
ࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊࡑࢀࡣࢣ࣮ࢫ࣭ࣂ࢖࣭ࢣ࣮ࢫࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ௒ࡢ㉁ၥ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⟅࠼࡛ࡍࠋ
▼ᕝ⸅㸦㆟㛗㸧  ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕ࠊ࡝࠺ࡶ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡯࠿࡟࠶ࡾࡲࡍ࠿ࠋ
㧗ᶫ㑥ኵ㸦᪥ᮏ⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ࣭ᅜᐙᡓ␎◊✲ᡤ๪⌮஦㛗㸧  ௒᪥ࡣ㈗㔜࡞࠾ヰࢆ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
⚾ࡣ᪥ᮏ⥲◊ࡢᅜ㝿ᡓ␎◊✲ᡤࡢ㧗ᶫ࡜⏦ࡋࡲࡍࠋ᫖ᖺࡲ࡛እົ┬࡟໅ࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ బ⸨ඛ⏕࡜ࢹࣅࢵࢻ࣭࢛࢘ࣝࢺࣥඛ⏕࡟࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ᭱㏆ࠊ୰ᅜࡣࠊࡳࡎ࠿ࡽ࡟ዲࡲࡋ࠸⛛ᗎࢆࡘࡃࡿືࡁࢆぢࡏ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢヰࡀ௒᪥࠾஧ே࠿ࡽࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ࠾஧ேࡀ࡝࠺࠸࠺࠾⪃࠼࡞ࡢ࠿࠾⪺࠿ࡏࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ ౛࠼ࡤࠊ௒ᖺࡢ㸳᭶ࠊୖᾏ࡟࠾࠸࡚⩦㏆ᖹᅜᐙ୺ᖍࡣࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀ほࢆᥦ♧ࡋࠊ㸯㸮᭶࡟ࡣࠊ࢔ࢪ
࢔࢖ࣥࣇࣛᢞ㈨㖟⾜ࡀⓎ㊊ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀ௨እ࡟ࡶࠊࢩࣝࢡ࣮ࣟࢻᇶ㔠➼ࡢືࡁࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ඛ⯡ࡢ໭ி࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⡿୰㤳⬻఍ㄯ࡛ࡣࠊ⩦㏆ᖹᅜᐙ୺ᖍࡣࠊ࢜ࣂ࣐኱⤫㡿࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒
ࡸ᪂ࡋ࠸ᶵᵓࡣᑐእⓗ࡟࣮࢜ࣉ࡛ࣥ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࢆྵࡴྛᅜ࡟ཧຍࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺࿧ࡧ࠿ࡅࡶࡋ࡚
࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊᡃࠎࡣ୰ᅜࡀ᪂ࡋࡃࡘࡃࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ⤌⧊ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⛛ᗎ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺
࡟ᑐᛂࡍ࡭ࡁ࠿బ⸨ඛ⏕࡜࢛࢘ࣝࢺࣥඛ⏕ࡢ࠾⪃࠼ࢆ࠾⪺࠿ࡏ࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀࡤ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
▼ᕝ⸅㸦㆟㛗㸧  ࡛ࡣࠊ࢛࢘ࣝࢺࣥඛ⏕ࠊ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ
ࢹࣅࢵࢻ࣭࢛࢘ࣝࢺࣥ  ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠊ㧗ᶫඛ⏕ࠋ 㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ၥ㢟࡛ࡍࠋ≉࡟ࡑࡢ᪂⛛ᗎࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋࡓࡽࠊ୍య࡝࠺࠸ࡗࡓព࿡࡞ࡢ࠿ࠋࡑࢀࡣఱ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊ
࡝࠺ࡸࡗ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡔ࠿ࡽࡇࡑ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ᅜࡀ௒ࠊ࣊ࢵࢪࣥࢢࢆࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃ
ࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡶࡋࠊ᪂⛛ᗎࡀ௒ࠊ⏕ࡲࢀࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ࡝࠺࠸ࡗࡓព࿡ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿࡜
࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ࠸ࡁࡲࡍ࡜ࠊࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ㠀ᖖ࡟௒ࠊᶍᵝぢ≧ែ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ࢔ࢪ࢔ᢞ㈨ࠊࡇࡢ㸿㹇㹇㹀࡟୍య࡝࠺࠸࠺࡜ࡇࢁࡀ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊࡇ
ࢀ࡟㛵ࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡢෆ㛶ࡢ୰࡟ࡶ㸯ࡘࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ㈈ົ┬ࡣࠊᨭ᥼ⓗ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ㤳┦࡜࠿እົ኱⮧ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ஌ࡾẼ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡀ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡢ඾ᆺⓗ࡞౛࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࡝ࡇ࠿ࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡛㑅ᢥࢆࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࡀࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࠊ୰ᅜ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡢࢪࣕࢢࣜࣥࢢࢆࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ

34 ࡶࡋ୰ᅜࡀࡇࢀ࠿ࡽඛࠊ᪂⛛ᗎࡀ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊࡑࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ࡯ࢇ࡜࠺࡟᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ពᛮỴᐃࢆࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡽࠊ࡯ࢇ࡜࠺࡟ࡑࢀࢆཷࡅධࢀࡿࡢ࠿ࠊࡲࡓࡣ᪤Ꮡࡢࡶࡢࡋ࠿ࡸࡽ࡞࠸
࡜࠸࠺ࡢ࠿ࠊ࡜࠸࠺᭱⤊㑅ᢥࢆࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺࡜ࡇࢁࡲ࡛᮶ࡿࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀࠊ▷࠸⟅࠼࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
▼ᕝ⸅㸦㆟㛗㸧  ࢛࢘ࣝࢺࣥඛ⏕ࠊ࡝࠺ࡶ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ బ⸨ᩍᤵࠊ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ
బ⸨⪃୍  㧗ᶫ኱౑ࠊࡈ↓Ἃửࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࠾ୡヰ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ௒ࡢࡈ㉁ၥࠊ௒᪥ࡣఱᴟ࠿࡜࠸࠺ヰࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࡕࡽࡢ࠾ヰࢆࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ୰ᅜࡀ᪂ࡋ࠸⛛ᗎࢆࡘࡃࢁ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡡࠋୖᾏ༠ຊᶵᵓࡢ୰ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ಙ㢗㔊ᡂᥐ⨨఍㆟㸦㹁㹇㹁㸿㸧ࢆ㸿㹐㹄࡟࡜ࡗ࡚࠿ࢃࡿࡶࡢ࡟ࡋࡓ࠸࡜࠿ࠊ௒ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔࢖ࣥࣇࣛᢞ㈨㖟⾜㸦㸿㹇㹇㹀㸧ࡣࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔㛤Ⓨ㖟⾜࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࢔ࣥࢳࢸ࣮ࢮ࡟࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆḟࠎ࡜ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ
ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㹍㹂㸿࡞࡝ࡶ᪥ᮏࡢ㹍㹂㸿࡟ྲྀࡗ࡚࠿ࢃࡿࡶࡢ࡟ࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ㹂㸿㹁ࡢつᐃ࡟ࡣ඲ࡃྜࢃ࡞࠸ࠋ᪤Ꮡࡢ⛛ᗎࡢ୰࡛ࠊᙼࡽࡣࢫࢸ࣮ࢱࢫ࣭ࢡ࣭࢜ࣃ࣮࣡࡜ࡋ࡚ຊࢆࡘࡅ࡚ࡁࡓ࡟
ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊ㐪࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆࡸࡾࡓ࠸ࠋࡑࡢ᰿ᗏ࡟ఱࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢຊࡢཬࡤ࡞࠸ᙳ㡪ᅪࢆ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢࡶ࡜࡟సࡾࡓ࠸ࠋࡔࡀࠊࡑࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡀࡣࡗࡁࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊ࠶ࡲࡾࡣࡗࡁࡾࡋ࡚࠸
࡞࠸࡜ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋぢࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ࡝࠺ࡶ᫇ࡢᮅ㈉ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡟ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ
࡞࠸࠿࡜ࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟ᜍࢁࡋ࠸ឤࡌࡀࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࠶ࡸࡩࡸ࡛⮬ศࡓࡕࡶࡲࡔࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ࡛ࡶࠊఱ
࠿㐪࠺ࡶࡢࢆࡸࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡑࢀࡀ୰⳹Ẹ᪘ࡢ೧኱࡞᚟⯆࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥ࡟⾲ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏ
ࢇࠋ ௨ୖ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
▼ᕝ⸅㸦㆟㛗㸧  బ⸨ඛ⏕ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡯࠿࡟ࡈ㉁ၥࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ࡝࠺ࡒࠋ
㛗⏣㐩἞㸦࢔ࢪ࢔ㄪᰝ఍ᑓົ⌮஦ව஦ົᒁ㛗㸧  ௒᪥ࡣ࡝࠺ࡶ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮
ඛ⏕࡟㉁ၥࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࠊ㛗⏣㐩἞࡜⏦ࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࠊẖ᪥᪂⪺ࡀࡘࡃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࢔ࢪ࢔ㄪᰝ఍࡜࠸࠺࡜ࡇ
ࢁࡢᑓົ⌮஦ࢆࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ௒᪥ࡣࣃ࣮࣭࣡ࢺࣛࣥࢪࢩࣙࣥࡢヰࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊヰࡀฟ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ᪥ᮏࡀ௒ࠊᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ኱ࡁ
࡞እ஺ၥ㢟ࡢ୰࡛ࠊ᪥㡑㛵ಀࠊᮅ㩭༙ᓥၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ഃࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟᪥⡿㡑ࡢ༠ຊࢆࡋࡁࡾ࡜ᮔ
ᵶᜨ኱⤫㡿ࡸᏳಸ⥲⌮࡟ゝ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࡞࠿࡞࠿஧ᅜ㛫㛵ಀࡀ࠺ࡲࡃ㐍ࡲ࡞࠸ࠋ᮶ᖺࡀ᪥㡑ࡢᅜ஺ṇᖖ໬㸳㸮࿘ᖺ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊ࡞࠾࠿ࡘᡓᚋ㸵㸮ᖺࡢ⠇┠࡟࡞ࡿᖺ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜ࣭ࣟࢩ࢔ࡣࠊᡓ຾ᅜ㐃ྜࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ࡛ࠊࡶࡋ࠿ࡋࡓࡽఱ࠿ࢆࡸࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢ࡜ࡁ࡟᪥ᮏࡀࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ࡛ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࢆࡤࡽ
ࡤࡽ࡟ࡋ࡚࠾࠸࡚ᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸࠸ࡢ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࠋ᪥ᮏࡢᮅ㩭༙ᓥᨻ⟇ࢆ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㐍ࡵࢀࡤ࠸࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷࡿ࠿ࠊ࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
▼ᕝ⸅㸦㆟㛗㸧  㛗⏣ඛ⏕ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕ࠊ࡝࠺ࡒࠋ

35ࢪ࣭࣑ࣙࣥ࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮  ࡲࡉ࡟୙ྍḞࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡀྎ㢌ࢆ⥆ࡅࡿ୰࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜㡑ᅜࡢ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀࢆᨵၿࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୙ྍḞࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ᪥㡑㛵ಀࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛࠶ࡲࡾࡼࡃ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡑ
ࡢ࡜࠾ࡾࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᐇ㝿ࠊ༞ᴗ⏕࡛ᅜᐙᏳ඲ಖ㞀࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢨ࣮ࡢࢼࣥࣂ࣮㸰ࡔࡗࡓேࡀ࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ
ࡑࡢேࡶ᪥㡑㛵ಀࡢᨵၿࢆ୺ᙇࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚⫋ࢆ㏣ࢃࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜
ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ࠶ࡲࡾࡇࢀࡣ࠸࠸≧ἣ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⚾ࡢ㆟ㄽࡢ௙᪉ࠊࡇࢀࡣ⚾ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣜ࢔ࣜࢫࢺ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ
࡝ࡶࠊ୰ᅜࡀࡼࡾᙉ኱࡟࡞ࡿ୰࡛ࠊ㡑ᅜࡣ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢవᆅࡣ࡞࠸࡜ࠋ᪥ᮏ࡜㡑ᅜ࡜⥭ᐦ࡟࡞ࡿࡋ࠿࡞࠸࡜࠸
࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣࠊ㡑ᅜ࡟㠀ᖖ࡟ᙉࡃᅽຊࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚ࠊࡑࡋ࡚᪥㡑㛵ಀࢆᙉ໬ࡋࢁ࡜ゝ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ᪥ᮏ࠿ࡽ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ㡑ᅜࡢ࡯࠺࡟ࡑࡢᅽຊࡀ࠿࠿ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ௒ࠊ኱౑࠿ࡽ୰
ᅜ࡜ࣟࢩ࢔ࡢヰࢆࡈ㉁ၥ࡜ࡋ࡚ཷࡅࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ෆᐜࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ༢࡟₯ᅾⓗ࡟ࡇࡢᆅᇦࡢ㉸኱ᅜࡀࠊࣟࢩ࢔࡜࠿㡑ᅜ࡞࡝ࡀṇࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆࡸࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃᚲࡎ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
㛛㛫⌮Ⰻ㸦㜵⾨◊✲ᡤ୺௵◊✲ᐁ㸧  㜵⾨┬㜵⾨◊✲ᡤࡢ㛛㛫࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㉁ၥࡣࠊᒣ⏣ඛ⏕࡜ᯘṇ⩏ඛ⏕࡟㸯ࡘࡎࡘ࡛ࡍࠋ ᒣ⏣ඛ⏕ࡣࠊඛ࡯࡝ᑠ➟ཎࡢ஦౛ࢆฟࡋ࡚ࡈㄝ᫂࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊᮏ௳࡟㛵ࡋࠕᾏୖẸරࡀື࠸࡚࠸
ࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠖ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡍࡿேࡶ࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᒣ⏣ඛ⏕ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟࠾⪃࠼࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲ
ࡍ࠿ࠋ ࡲࡓࠊᑠ➟ཎࡢᓥẸࡢ୰࡟ࡣࠊᴟ➃࡞౛࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ
ࠕࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓẸරࡀࡶࡋୖ㝣ࡋࡓࡽࠖ࡜༴᝹ࡋ
࡚࠸ࡓேࡶ࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ ḟ࡟ᯘṇ⩏ඛ⏕࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㉁ၥ࡛ࡍࠋ㸯㸯᭶ᮎࡢྎ‴ࡢ⤫୍ᆅ᪉㑅ᣲࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ㤿ⱥ஑ᨻᶒࡣࠊ୰ྎ㛵ಀࢆࡇࢀ௨ୖඛ࡟㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ୰࡛ࠊపᨭᣢ⋡࡟࠶࠼࠸࡛࠸ࡿ
㤿ⱥ஑⥲⤫࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ௒ᚋᑐእ㛵ಀࠊ≉࡟ᑐ⡿ࠊᑐ᪥ࡢ࡯࠺࡟ά㊰ࢆぢฟࡍࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⚾⮬㌟ࡣぢ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ௒ᚋࡢ㤿ⱥ஑ᨻᶒࡢືྥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᯘṇ⩏ඛ⏕ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟࠾⪃࠼࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ࠶
ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
▼ᕝ⸅㸦㆟㛗㸧  㛛㛫ඛ⏕ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊᒣ⏣ඛ⏕࠿ࡽ࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡲࡍࠋ
ᒣ⏣ྜྷᙪ  ୰ᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿẸර࡜࠸࠺఩⨨࡙ࡅ࡛ࡍࡡࠋẸර࡜࠸࠺ࠊᐇ㝿࡟࡯ࢇ࡜࠺ࡢ⁺ᖌ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡅࢀ
࡝ࠊᣦ♧ࡣูࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࠿ࡽฟ࡚࠸ࡿࠋẸර࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡣࠊ⚾ࡣ౑࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋᣦ♧ࡀฟ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣูࡢ࡜ࡇ
ࢁ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶ⁺Ẹࡀື࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᙧࢆྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡄࡽ࠸ᙜ↛ࢡࣞࣂ࣮࡟ື࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡓࡔࡋࠊ⚾ࠊ⯪ࢆ㸯ಶ㸯ಶぢ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ྂ࠸⁺⯪࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏ〇ࡢ㧗౯࡞࣮ࣞࢲ࣮ࡀࡘ
࠸࡚࠸ࡿ⯪ࡀᩘ㞘࡟㸯㞘࠶ࡽࢃࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ㏻ᖖ⁺⯪ࡀ౑ࢃ࡞࠸㧗ᗘ࡞࣮ࣞࢲ࣮ࢆ✚ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡶࡢ
ࡀఱ㞘࠿࡟㸯㞘࠸ࡿࠋ㏻ᖖࠊࡇࡢࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ࣮ࣞࢲ࣮ࢆ౑ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ୰ᅜ࡛ࡣ୰ᅜᾏ㆙ᒁ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࠿
ࡽ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊᣦ♧ࡣูࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࠿ࡽฟ࡚࠸࡚ື࠸࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣ㧗࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ

36 ࡓࡔࠊẸර࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡀ㐺ษ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶ⁺Ẹࡀື࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᙧࢆྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲ
ࡍࠋ▼ᕝ⸅㸦㆟㛗㸧  ᒣ⏣ඛ⏕ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᯘඛ⏕ࠊࡈ㉁ၥ࡟࠾⟅࠼࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡲࡍ࠿ࠋ
ᯘṇ⩏  ࡈ㉁ၥ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ㛛㛫ඛ⏕ࠊྎ‴ࡢࡇࡢ⤫୍㑅ᣲࡢヰ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚኱ᩋࢆႚࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡶᅔ㞴ࡀᚅࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸵࢝᭶ᚋ࡟ࡣ㸰ேࡢ⥲⤫ೃ⿵ࡀฟ࡚ࡃ
ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⌧ᅾࠊᅜẸඪࡢጤဨ㛗ࢆ㎡௵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᅜẸඪࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ጤဨ㛗ࡀ㸯᭶࡟㑅ฟࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ㐣ཤ㸯ᖺࡢ㛫ࠊ㤿⥲⤫ࠊ㤿ጤဨ㛗ࡣࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿᶵ఍ࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ࠊ⩦㏆ᖹẶ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸿㹎㹃㹁࡞࡝࡛ࢥࣥࢱࢡࢺࢆྲྀࢁ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢇ࡞୰࡛ࠊࡇࡢ㸰ேࡀ໭ிࠊࡲࡓࡣ
ࡑࢀ௨እࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊ୰ᅜ௨እࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛఍࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡣࠊࡇࢀ௨ୖࡣ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
 ྎ‴ࡢᅜෆࡢ᝟ໃࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ㹉㹋㹒ࡶ࡯ࡰ◚ࡓࢇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≉࡟ࡑࡢ㑅ᣲࡢᚋࡣ◚ࡓࢇ≧ែ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ㸯ᖺᚋࠊ౛࠼ࡤࠊ㸰㸮㸯㸴ᖺࡢ㸯᭶࡟ࠊྎ‴ࡢ⥲㑅ᣲࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡶ
୰ᅜࡶࡼࡃ⪺࠿ࢀࡿ㉁ၥࠊ≉࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ┬ᗇࡢே࡟⪺࠿ࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊㄡࡀ㹂㹎㹎ࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼ
࣭ࣝࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕࣭࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢨ࣮࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ⪺࠿ࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ
ࡶࡋ࠿ࡋࡓࡽ㹂㹎㹎ࡀྎ‴ࡢᨻᶒ࡟㏉ࡾဏࡃྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ぢࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲ
ࡍࠋࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ⩦㏆ᖹᅜᐙ୺ᖍࡣࠊ࡯࠿ࡢࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡜ࡣ඲ࡃ㐪࠸ࡲࡍࠋᅜᐙ୺ᖍ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜ࡁ
࡟ࠊྎ‴ࡢၥ㢟࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ≉࡟ၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ㸰㸮㸯㸴ᖺࡢẁ㝵࡛ࠊఱࡽ࠿ࡢ༴ᶵࠊࡲࡓࡣ⥭ᙇ㛵ಀࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡶࡋࠊࡑࡢ㹂㹎㹎ࡀᨻᶒ࡟㏉ࡾဏ࠸ࡓሙྜ࡛ࡍ
ࡡࠋࡑ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ㸰㸮㸮㸶ᖺࡢ≧ἣ࡟❧ࡕᡠࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࠿ࡘ࡚
ࡢ㹂㹎㹎ࡢ⥲⤫ࡶࣜࢫࢡࢆィ⟬ࡋ࡚ࠊఱࡽ࠿ᕤኵࡋ࡚㸷㸰ᖺࡢྠពࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑࢀ࡟ᡠࡿ࠿
ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࡘࡲࡾࠊ㹂㹎㹎ࡣ㸷㸰ᖺࡢྠពࡣᨭᣢࡋ࡞࠸ࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡓࡔࠊ㹂㹎㹎ࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᨻᗓ࠿ࡽᏛࢇ࡛ࠊࡑ
ࡋ࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ࡛ࡇࡢ㸯ࡘࡢ୰ᅜᨻ⟇ࡢၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ㹉㹋㹒ࠊ୰ᅜඹ⏘ඪࡢ㛫࡟ࡣࠊ㸷㸰ᖺࡢྠព࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ㸷㸰ᖺྠពࡢࡇ࡜ࢆබ࡟ㄆ▱ࡏࡎ࡜ࡶࠊ
ᑐᛂࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ
▼ᕝ⸅㸦㆟㛗㸧  ࡝࠺ࡒࠋ
࣐࣭࣐ࣟࣥࣜࢭࣇ㸦㥔᪥ࣟࢩ࢔኱౑㤋࢔ࢱࢵࢩ࢙㸧  ᭱㏆ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦࡢฟ᮶஦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㠀ᖖ࡟♧၀࡟ᐩࡴࡈⓎ⾲ࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ࣐ࣜࢭࣇ࣭࣐ࣟࣥ࡜⏦ࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ㥔᪥ࣟࢩ࢔኱
౑㤋ࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋእົᢸᙜ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡀࠊ⚾ࡀ⯆࿡ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡢࡣࠊ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕ࡢḟ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡈពぢ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ᭱㏆ࡢ࣐ࢫࢥ࣑ࡢሗ㐨࡟ࡼࡾࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢពᅗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊྍ⬟ᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿ᪥ࠊ㏆࠸ᑗ᮶࡟୺ᑟⓗ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆྲྀࡗ࡚ࠊ
࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࠊ
࢔࣮࢟ࢸࢡࢳ࣮ࣕࢆࡘࡃࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ
ࡑࡢ୰࡛ࠊ㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌ࠊࡲࡓࡣ㹃㸿㹑ࠊᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࢧ࣑ࢵࢺࡀ୰ᚰⓗ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ⚾ࡢ㉁ၥ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡈホ౯ࢆ࡝࠺࡞ࡉࡿ࠿ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦ࡟ᵓ⠏37ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ୺ᑟⓗ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆྲྀࡿ☜⋡ࡣ࡝ࡢࡄࡽ࠸࠶ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋࡍ࡛࡟᪥ᮏࡀ㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌ࡢㅖᅜ࠿ࡽࠊ᎘୰ࡢࢧ࣮ࢡࣝࢆࡘࡃࢁ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣ⚾࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ㆟ㄽࢆ࿧ࡪࡇ࡜࡛
ࡍࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊ㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌ࡢㅖᅜࡣࠊ⥭ᐦ࡟୰ᅜ࡜ࡢ⤒῭ⓗ࡞ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࠊ࠶ࡲࡾ୰ᅜ࡟┪✺ࡁࡓࡃ࡞࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡲࡓࠊඛ࡯࡝ࡶ࠾ヰࡀฟࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ୰ᅜ୺ᑟᆺࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡶ᭱㏆࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
⚾ࡣ㛫㐪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡍ࡭࡚ࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼ྜࢃࡏࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞㞀ቨࡀ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡣ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋせࡍࡿ࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏࡣࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ୺ᑟⓗ࡞ࠊᶵ㛵㌴ⓗ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆ࢔ࢪ࢔
ኴᖹὒᆅᇦ࡛ᯝࡓࡏࡿࡢ࠿ࠊࡲࡓࡣᏳ඲ಖ㞀࡟㛵ࡋ࡚࡝ࢀ࡯࡝㈉⊩࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࠿ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡈព
ぢࢆఛ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊࡲࡓࠊ๓ࡢࣇ࢛࣮࣭ࣜࣥ࢔ࣇ࢙࢔࣮ࢬㄅ࡟ࣜ࢔ࣜࢫࢸ࢕ࢵࢡ࡞࢘ࢡࣛ࢖ࢼ༴ᶵࡢグ㏙ࢆ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
▼ᕝ⸅㸦㆟㛗㸧  ࣐ࣜࢭࣇࡉࢇࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕ࠊ࡝࠺ࡒࠋ
ࢪ࣭࣑ࣙࣥ࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮  ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᑐ୰࡛ᯝࡓࡍࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
୰ᅜࡀࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡶྎ㢌ࡋ⥆ࡅࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ๓ᥦ࡛ࡍࠋ
᪥ᮏࡣࠊ኱ࡁ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ
᪥ᮏࡀ୺ᑟⓗ࡞ᙺ๭࡟ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㸰ࡘ⌮⏤ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࡞ࡐ࠿࡜ゝ࠸ࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ
ࠕṔྐ࡛ࠖࡍࠋ
ࡇࡢᆅᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿṔྐࡢၥ㢟ࠋ᪥ᮏ⮬㌟ࠊ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟ࡶ๓࡟ฟࡓࡃ࡞࠸ࠋ㡑ᅜࡣࠊඛ࡯࡝ࡶヰ࡟ฟࡲࡋࡓࡅ
ࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ᪥ᮏࡀ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟ࡶ๓࡟ࡋࡷࡋࡷࡾฟ࡚ࡃࡿࡢࢆࡼࡋ࡜ࡋ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࠕṔྐⓗ࡞ほⅬ࠿ࡽࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ➨㸯Ⅼ࡛ࡍࠋ᪥ᮏࡣ୺ᑟⓗ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡉ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ 㸰␒┠ࡢ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚⏦ࡋୖࡆࡽࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊ⡿ᅜࡀ୺ᑟⓗ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠺࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ᪥ᮏࡑ
ࡢࡶࡢࡣࠊ኱ࡁࡉࢆ⪃࠼ࡲࡋ࡚ࡶࠊつᶍࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡶ୰ᅜࢆᑒࡌ㎸ࡵࡿࡢࡣࡣࡿ࠿࡟ཬࡧࡲࡏࢇࠋ⡿ᅜࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࠸ࡋࠊࣃ࣮࣡ࡶᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ⡿ᅜࡀ῝ࡃᑒࡌ㎸ࡵࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟㛵୚ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊࣉࣟࢭࢫࡣ
࠺ࡲࡃ࠸ࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋ⡿ᅜࡀ㛵୚ࡍࢀࡤࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ⮬ศࡀ୺ᙺ࡟࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ⡿ᅜࡀ᪥ᮏ࡟୺ᙺ
ࢆΏࡍࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏࡣࠊ᏶⎍࡞ᙧ࡛࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀ୺ᑟⓗᙺ๭ࢆࡋ࡚ࠊ㔜㔞ୖࡆࢆࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࢆ႐ࡪ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡣ㈼᫂ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࠋⓎ⾲ࡢ୰࡛ࡶ⏦ࡋࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ၏୍ࠊྍ
⬟ᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚ఱ࠿㛫㐪࠸ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ࡜ࡍࢀࡤࠊ⡿ᅜࡀಙ㢗࡛ࡁࡿྠ┕ᅜ࡛࡞࠸࡜᪥ᮏࡀぢ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜ࠊ᪥ᮏࡀ
ࡳࡎ࠿ࡽఱ࠿⾜Ⅽࢆࡍࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡳࡎ࠿ࡽࡀ⾜Ⅽࢆࡋ࡞࠸࡜ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢሙྜ࡛
ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ᪥ᮏࡢேཱྀࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟ẚ࡭࡚ᑡ࡞࠸ࡋࠊ୰ᅜ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ࡶᑡ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆྲྀࡿ㐃ྜࢆࠊ᪥ᮏࡀ୺ᑟⓗ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚ࡸࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ⪃࠼࡟ࡃ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡉ࡚ࠊࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆྲྀࡿ㐃ྜయࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ࡜ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࠊ౛࠼ࡤࠊࢹࣅࢵࢻ࣭
࢛࢘ࣝࢺࣥࡉࢇࡢヰ࡟ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓ᪥㇦㛵ಀࡀᨵၿࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ヰࢆ⪺ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡋࠊࢢ࣮ࢢ࡛ࣝ᪥ᮏ࡜࢖ࣥ
ࢻࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᳨⣴ࡍࢀࡤࠊⓙࡉࢇࠊࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢᩘࡢࣜࣥࢡࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ᪥༳㛵ಀࠊ༠ຊ㛵ಀࡀ࡝ࢇ࡝ࢇቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶࢃ࠿ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟᫂☜࡞ࡢࡣࠊࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆྲྀࡿ㐃ྜయ࡜࠸࠺࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᆅ⌮ⓗ࡟ࡑࢀࡀ38ศ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᆅᇦ࡛ࠊ࠾஫࠸㞳ࢀࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࡢᅜࡀ㐃ྜ࡟ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ
࡛ࡍࠋ࢖ࣥࢻ࡜᪥ᮏࠋ࠾஫࠸࡟ຓࡅྜ࠺ࠋ㠀ᖖ࡟㞳ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡟࡝࠺ࡸࡗ࡚ຓࡅྜ࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ≧ἣୗ࡛ࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟ຊࢆᢞᑕࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡳࡓ࠸࡞ᅜࡀ࠸࡚ࠊࢢ࣮ࣟ
ࣂࣝ࡞࣮࣋ࢫࢆࠊࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡀᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᅜࡀ࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ⌮᝿ⓗ࡞࣏ࢪࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡍࡡࠋࢥ࣮ࢹ࢕ࢿ࣮
ࢱ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ࠋࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆྲྀࡿࢥ࣮ࣜࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢࢥ࣮ࢹ࢕ࢿ࣮ࢱ࣮ࡣ⡿ᅜࡀ୍␒㐺ᙺࡔ࡜ࠋ᪥ᮏࡣࡲࡔࡣࡿ
࠿࡟඲↛ࡑࡇ࡟ࡣཬࡤ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺࡜ࡇࢁࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
▼ᕝ⸅㸦㆟㛗㸧  ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡝࠺ࡒࠊ㕥ᮌᵝࠋ㕥ᮌ⨾຾㸦᫬஦㏻ಙゎㄝጤဨවࠕእ஺ࠖ⦅㞟㛗㸧  ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᫬஦㏻ಙ࡛ゎㄝጤဨࢆࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿ㕥ᮌ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡀ⦅㞟㛗ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠕእ஺ࠖࡢ㸳᭶ྕ࡟ࠊࢩ࢝ࢦᨭᒁࡀ⾜ࡗࡓ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮
ඛ⏕ࡢ࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆᥖ㍕ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⠇ࡣ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
 ㉁ၥ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᮅ㩭༙ᓥ࡟㛵ಀࡋ࡚࡛ࡍࠋඛ࡯࡝ࡶฟࡲࡋࡓ㡑ᅜࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ࠊ≉࡟୰ᅜ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ௒࡝࠺ぢ࡚࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷࡿ࠿ࠊࡑࡢㄆ㆑࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠾ఛ࠸ࡋࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠋ㡑ᅜࡀ⤒῭ḟඖࡢࡇ࡜ࡤ࠿ࡾ࡛࡞ࡃ୰ᅜ࡟
ഴᩳࡋ㐣ࡂ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᠱᛕࡣ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡶ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟ࡶ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ௒ᚋࠊ㡑ᅜࡀࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ
࢝ࡶྵࡵࡓᅽຊ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ಟṇࡉࢀࡿࡢ࠿ࠋࡑࢀ࡜ࡶࠊ௒ࠊ㡑ᅜࡀ୰ᅜ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿእ஺࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ⤒῭㛵ಀࡣู࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀ࡯࡝ᮏẼ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ぢ࡚࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷࡿ࠿ࠋ
ࡑࢀࢆ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕࡜ࢹࣅࢵࢻ࣭࢛࢘ࣝࢺࣥඛ⏕࡟࠾ఛ࠸ࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
▼ᕝ⸅㸦㆟㛗㸧  ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕ࠊ࡝࠺ࡒࠋ
ࢪ࣭࣑ࣙࣥ࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮  ఀ⸨ඛ⏕ࡶࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡢ୰࡛࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ≧ἣࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡲࡍ࡜᫂ࡽ࠿࡞ࡢࡣࠊ࡝ࡢᅜࡶ࡯ࡰࡍ࡭࡚㠀ᖖ࡟ᙉຊ࡞⤒῭ⓗ࡞⌮⏤ࢆᣢࡗ࡚୰ᅜ࡟㏆࡙࠿ࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞
࠸ࠋᏳ඲ಖ㞀ୖࡢၥ㢟ࠊ⌮⏤࡛୰ᅜ࡟ࡣ㆙ᡄࢆࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ࡛⡿ᅜ࡟㏆࡙ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡀࠊ᪥ᮏࡢࡼ
࠺࡞ᅜࠊ㡑ᅜࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᅜࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡢᅜࡣࠊ㸰ࡘࡢ␗࡞ࡿ᪉ྥ࡟ᘬࡗᙇࡽࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ⤒῭ࡣࡇࡗࡕഃ࡟ᘬࡗᙇࡽࢀࡿࠋᏳ඲ಖ㞀࡛ࡣ཯ᑐഃ࡟ᘬࡗᙇࡽࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᯈᣳࡳ࡟࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋྎ‴࡛ࡶྠࡌࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ㡑ᅜ࡛௒㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆぢࡿ㝈ࡾࠊ≧ἣ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࠿࡞ࡾࡢ⤒῭ⓗ࡞㛵ಀࡀ୰ᅜ࡜
࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟ᙉຊ࡞࢖ࣥࢭࣥࢸ࢕ࣈࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ୰ᅜ࡟࠸࠸㢦ࢆࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋⰋዲ࡞㛵ಀࢆ୰ᅜ࡜ᣢࡘࠋࡑࡢࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⤒῭ⓗ࡞㛵ಀࢆ୰ᅜ࡜῝ࡵࡿ࡜ࠊ㡑ᅜࡢ⤒῭ᡂ㛗࡟㈨ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࡓ
࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡓࡔࠊ⮬ၥ⮬⟅ࡍ࡭ࡁࡣࠊ㡑ᅜ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ࡯࠿ࡢᅜ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶゝ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡀࠊఱ࠿࡜ゝ࠼ࡤࠊ᫬㛫ࡀࡓࡘ࡜ࠊ࠸࠿࡟㡑ᅜࡣࡳࡎ࠿ࡽࡢᏳ඲ಖ㞀≧ἣࢆ࡝࠺࡜ࡽ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡀ㡑ᅜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࠊࡑࡢ௚ࡢᅜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶゝ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ⡿ᅜ࡜࿨㐠ࢆ࡜ࡶ࡟ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ⡿ᅜࡣࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽゝ࠺࡜ࠊᙜ↛ࡢᖐ⤖࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢྠ┕ᅜ࡛ࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡢᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࢆぢࡿ࡜ࠊࡇࢀࡣ㔜኱࡞⬣ጾ࡛ࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟ࡶ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟ࡶࣃ࣮࣡
ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᆅᇦࡢぞᶒᅜ࡟࡞ࡾࡓ࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ୰ᅜ࡛ࡍࠋ㡑ᅜࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽゝ࠺࡜ࠊࡇࢀࡣ඲
ࡃཷࡅධࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ㡑ᅜࡣࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ⡿ᅜ࡜࿨㐠ࢆ࡜ࡶ࡟ࡍࡿ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑ

39࠺ࡣ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊࡇࢀࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡞Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ⚾ࡣࡔ࠿ࡽ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚㡑ᅜࠊࡑࡢ௚ࡢᅜࠊ࡝ࡇ࡛ࡶ࠸
࠸࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ⡿ᅜ࡜Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀࡛࿨㐠ࢆ࡜ࡶ࡟ࡍࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡔ࠿ࡽ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚୰ᅜ࡜ࡢ㈠᫆ࡣࡸࡵ࡞࠸
࡜ᛮ࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡇࡀ㔜せ࡞㐪࠸࡛ࡍࠋ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿ࢆྲྀࡿࠋ஧⪅ᢥ୍࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ 㸯ࡘࡢ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ゝ࠼ࡿࡢࡣࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢ≧ἣࠊ➨୍ḟ኱ᡓ๓ࡢ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࠿࡞ࡾࡢ⤒῭ⓗ࡞஺ὶࡀࡍ࡭࡚࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢิᙉࡢ୰࡟࠶ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡇࢀࡽࡀ࠾஫࠸࡟ᡓதࢆࡋጞ
ࡵࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ୕ᅜྠ┕ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡋࠊⱥᅜࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫࠊࣟࢩ࢔ࡢ୕ᅜ༠ၟࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࢻ࢖ࢶࠊ࢜
࣮ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ࠊࣁ࣮ࣥ࢞ࣜࠊ࢖ࢱࣜ࢔࡜ࡇࡢ㸰ࡘࡢ㝕Ⴀࡀᡓࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⤒῭ⓗ࡞஺ὶࡣ࠶ࡗࡓࡢ
࡟ࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࡢ➇தࡣࡓࡃࡉࢇ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊࡑࡢᚋࠊ༴ᶵࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚ࠊ➨୍ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ࡟⮳ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ⤒῭ࡢ㠃࡛ぢࡿ࡜ࠊ㡑ᅜࡣࡸࡣࡾ୰ᅜ࡜཭ዲⓗ࡞㛵ಀࢆ⠏ࡃࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࡢ࡯࠺ࢆぢࡿ࡜ࠊ୰ᅜࠊ᪥ᮏࠊ
࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔࡜ࠊྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ࡯࠺࡟ഴᩳࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
▼ᕝ⸅㸦㆟㛗㸧  ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊ࢛࢘ࣝࢺࣥඛ⏕ࠊ࠸࠿ࡀ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ
ࢹࣅࢵࢻ࣭࢛࢘ࣝࢺࣥ  ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㕥ᮌඛ⏕ࠊ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ពぢ࡛ࡍࠋ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡣ㡑ᅜ࡜཭ዲ㛵ಀࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜ࡜ࡶࡼࡾ኱ࡁ࡞㈠᫆㛵ಀࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲ
ࡍࠋ᪥ᮏࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓࡼࡾࡶ኱ࡁ࡞㈠᫆㔞ࡀ୰ᅜ࡜࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࡢ㠃࡛ࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜㐃ᦠࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜ࡶ㐃ᦠࢆ῝ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ୧
᪉ࢆศ㞳ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ᨻᗓࡶࠊࡲࡓࠊ㡑ᅜᨻᗓࡶࡑࢀࡣྠࡌ❧ሙࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࢀ⮬యࡀၥ㢟ࡔ࡜ࡣᛮࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡶ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡣᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࡣࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜ᙉᅛ࡞㛵ಀࢆ⠏࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ⮬యࡣၥ㢟࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ
ࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ᅜෆ࡛ࡣ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞㆟ㄽࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࣄ࣮࣭ࣗ࣍࣡࢖ࢺࡣࠕThe China Choiceࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᮏࢆ᭩࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛␲ၥࢆ࿊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀࠊ᰿ᮏⓗ࡞࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡢᡓ␎ⓗ࡞ྠ┕㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼┤ࡍᚲせࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ୰ᅜ࡟ࡶ࠺ᑡࡋ㏆ᐤࡗ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋࢹࣗ࢔ࣝࠊࡘࡲࡾ஧㔜ࡢぞᶒࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆᵓ⠏ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࡢࠊࡑࡋ࡚୰ᅜࡀ⤒῭ࡢぞᶒࢆᥱࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᵓ㐀ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔࡛ࡣࠊ
ࡑࡢ㆟ㄽࡣ௒ࠊ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡢᅜෆ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢᆅᇦ඲య࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡝࠺࠸࠺≧ἣ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࠿ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡢ❧ࡕ఩⨨ࡣఱ࡞ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ௒ࠊ⪃࠼ࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢࢳࣕ࢖ࢼ࣭ࢳࣙ࢖ࢫ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࠋࡲࡓࡣࠊࡑ࠺࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤࢪࣕࣃ࣭ࣥࢳࣙ
࢖ࢫࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡣࡑ࠺࡞ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡣ᪥ᮏࢆ㑅ࡪ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋࡑ
ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜ࡢᙉᅛ࡞㛵ಀࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
▼ᕝ⸅㸦㆟㛗㸧  ࢛࢘ࣝࢺࣥඛ⏕ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊ㧗ᮌᵝ࡝࠺ࡒࠋ
㧗ᮌΎග㸦ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ᡓ␎ࢭࣥࢱ࣮௦⾲㸧  ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ᡓ␎ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢ㧗ᮌ࡜⏦ࡋࡲࡍࠋ

40 ࢪ࣭࣑ࣙࣥ࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ࡉࢇ࡟࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡲࡍࠋࢪ࣭࣑ࣙࣥ࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ࡉࢇ࡟࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡲࡍࠋඛ⏕ࡢࣜ࢔ࣜࢫࢺࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࠊࣃ࣮࣡ࡘࡲࡾ⤒῭ຊࡸ㌷஦ຊࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ศᯒࡋࠊᆅᨻᏛⓗほⅬࢆ๓㠃࡟ฟࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲ
ࡍࠋ௚ࡢせᅉࠊ౛࠼ࡤᩥ໬ࡸᨻ἞యไࡢ㐪࠸➼ࢆศᯒࡢ୰࡟ྲྀࡾධࢀࡿᚲせࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊᶒጾ୺⩏యไ࡜ࡋ࡚ྎ㢌ࡋࡓ୰ᅜࡣ⤒῭ຊࠊ㌷஦ຊࢆᛴ㏿࡟ᙉࡵ࡚⡿ᅜࡢぞᶒ࡟ᣮᡓࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ
࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ⤒῭ࡢ୰࡛୰ᅜࡢ⤒῭ࡀ⭾ᙇࡋ௚ᅜ࡜ࡢ㐃ᦠࢆᙉࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡣᨻᕥ⤒ྑ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿᨻ἞࡜⤒῭ࢆศࡅ࡚㐠Ⴀࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⡿ᅜࡣᶒጾ୺⩏ࡢᅜ࡜࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᢡࡾྜ࠸ࢆࡘࡅࠊ᪂ࡋ
࠸ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓ⠏࡟⮳ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ
ࢪ࣭࣑ࣙࣥ࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮  ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㠀ᖖ࡟࠸࠸㉁ၥࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡯ࢇ࡜࠺
࡟⚾ࡣࣜ࢔ࣜࢫࢺ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡈᏑࡌࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᵓ㐀ⓗ࡞ࣜ࢔ࣜࢫࢺ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀࡣఱ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊ⚾ࡣ⚾ࡢ㆟ㄽࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿ୰࡛ࠊᩥ໬࡜࠿ᅜෆᨻ἞࡜࠿ࠊࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟ࡣ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿
ࡽࠊ୰ᅜࡣ࢔ࢪ࢔ࢆᨭ㓄ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡣ୰ᅜࡢᩥ໬࡜ࡣ඲ࡃ㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ᪥ᮏࡀ࢔ࢪ
࢔ࢆᨭ㓄ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊࡶࡋࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᩥ໬࡜࠿ࠊࡲࡓ
ࡣෆᨻ࡜ࡣ㛵ಀ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࠊࢻ࢖ࢶࠊࣟࢩ࢔ࠊ୰ᅜࠊ᪥ᮏࠋ࡜࡟࠿ࡃ࡝ࢇ࡞ᅜ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊࡑ
ࡢᆅᇦ࡛ᨭ㓄ࢆࡍࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢヰ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ⚾ࡣ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢேࡓࡕࡢኌࢆ⪺࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ㠀ᖖ࡟ࡑࢀࡣᅜ㝿ᨻ἞ࢆḢ⡿ⓗ࡟ぢࡓぢ᪉ࡔ࡜ࠋ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡣ㐪࠺᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࢆࡍࡿࡢࡔ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡢሙྜࠊ୰ᅜ
࡟ࡣ൲ᩍⓗ࡞ᩥ໬ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡔ࡜ࠋࡑࡢ൲ᩍ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊᖹ࿴ⓗ࡞࢖ࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࠋ୰ᅜࡣṔྐⓗ࡟ࡶᖹ࿴ⓗ࡞ᅜᐙ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ୰᰾࡟൲ᩍࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽࡔ࡜ࠋࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡶࢺࣛࣈࣝࡣ㉳ࡇࡋࡲࡏࢇࠊ൲ᩍ
ᅜᐙࡔ࠿ࡽ࡜୺ᙇࡍࡿࡢࢆ⪺࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
ࡑࢀࢆ⚾ࡣ㐪࠺ࠊ㛫㐪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࠊ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛᭩࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ୰ᅜࡢࠊ
ࡲࡓࡣྎ‴ࡢ኱Ꮫ㝔ࡢᏛ⏕ࡀࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࢆㄽᩥ࡛᭩࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡇࢀࡣṔྐⓗ࡞஦ᐇࢆぢ࡚ࡶࠊࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜⚾ࡣᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡢேࡓࡕࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟ࣜ࢔ࣜࢫࢸ࢕ࢵࢡ࡛࠶ࡿࠋୡ⏺
࡛᭱ࡶࣜ࢔ࣜࢫࢸ࢕ࢵࢡ࡞ேࡓࡕࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜ࡟⚾ࡀ⾜ࡁࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ⚾ࡢヰࢆࡍࡿ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊ⚾࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ேࡓࡕࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟᮶ࡽࢀ࡚ࡼ࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ゝ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ⚾ࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊ୰ᅜㄒࡣࡋࡷ࡭ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡋࠊ
⚾࡟࡜ࡗ࡚୰ᅜㄒ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ඲ࡃࢃ࠿ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ᏶඲࡞࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ே࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠋ࡛ࡶࠊ࡞ࡐࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡩ࠺࡟
ゝ࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊ୰ᅜࡣࣜ࢔ࣜࢫࢺࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ᪥ᮏࡣ඲ࡃ㐪࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
᪥ᮏࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜㠀ᖖ࡟ఝ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ᪥ᮏࡣࠊṔྐⓗ࡟ࡶࣜ࢔ࣜࢫࢺࠊࣜ࢔ࣜࢬ࣒ࠊ࠶ࡲࡾዲࡁ
࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᅜ࡛ࡍࡼࡡࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡶࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡣࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊࡇࡢᩥ໬࡜࠸࠺ࡢ
ࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡢࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ㛵ಀ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ᪥ᮏࡢࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛ࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡢேࡀ᫂἞⥔᪂ᚋ࠿ࡽ㸯㸷㸲㸳ᖺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᪥ᮏࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ୙‶࡜ࡋ࡚ゝ࠺ࡢࡀࠊḢ⡿࡜ྠࡌ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜᪥ᮏࡢࡇ࡜ࢆゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࢃࡅ
࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊᩥ໬࡜ᅜෆᨻ἞ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ㛵ಀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊ࿘㎶ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛㔜せࡔࡗࡓ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊᵓ㐀ⓗ࡞࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿ≉ᐃࡢᅜࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟᣺ࡿ⯙࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ
㛵ಀ࡞࠸ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ୰ᅜᑐ᪥ᮏ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜ࠊࢻ࢖ࢶᑐ࢔࣓࡛ࣜ࢝࠶ࢁ࠺࡜ࠊ࡝ࡇࡢᅜ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜ࠊᅜෆ

41ࡢᩥ໬࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸࡟ࡣ㛵ಀ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊࡑࡇࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࡣࠊ⚾ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡏࢇࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽ⚾࡜ពぢࢆ୍࡟ࡋ࡞࠸ேࡀ࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶࡶࡕࢁࢇ☜࠿࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ
࡝ࡶࠋ▼ᕝ⸅㸦㆟㛗㸧  ඛ⏕ࠊ⏦ࡋࢃࡅ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ᫬㛫ࡀ᮶࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࡼࢁࡋ࠸࡛ࡍ࠿ࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊࡶࡋ࠾ᕪࡋᨭ࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊࡇࡇ࡛㸯㸮ศ㛫ఇ᠁ࢆྲྀࡾࡓ࠸࡜Ꮡࡌࡲࡍࠋ
ḟࡢࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡣ㸱᫬㸳㸳ศ࠿ࡽጞࡵࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ࡝࠺ࡒࡼࢁࡋࡃ࠾㢪࠸⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ㸦ఇ  ᠁㸧
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42
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㸲㸬ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥϩࠕ୰ᅜࡢᑗ᮶࡜᪥ᮏࠖ
Ώ㎶⧛㸦ྖ఍㸧  ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊᐃ้ࢆᅇࡾࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥϩࠕ୰ᅜࡢᑗ᮶࡜᪥ᮏࠖࢆጞࡵࡲࡍࠋ
ࡇࡢࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡣࠊఀ⸨๛᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛୖᖍ◊✲ဨ࣭᫂἞኱Ꮫᩍᤵ࡟ࠊ㆟㛗ࢆ࠾㢪࠸ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ
ࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡇ࠿ࡽࡣఀ⸨ඛ⏕࡟࣐࢖ࢡࢆ࠾Ώࡋࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ఀ⸨๛㸦㆟㛗㸧  ㆟㛗ࢆ࠿ࢃࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ᫂἞኱Ꮫࡢఀ⸨࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡀࡇࡢ➨ϩࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࠕ୰ᅜ
ࡢᑗ᮶࡜᪥ᮏࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࢱ࢖ࢺࣝࡢࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢྖ఍ࢆ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ ௒᪥ࡢࡇࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡢ୍␒ࡢ┠⋢ࡣࠊࢩ࢝ࢦ኱Ꮫࡢࢪ࣭࣑ࣙࣥ࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࢪ
࣭࣑ࣙࣥ࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕࡜ࡣࠊ㸯ᖺࡄࡽ࠸๓ࡢᅜ㝿఍㆟࡛ฟ఍࠸ࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ
͆,KDYHQHYHUEHHQWR-DSDQ͇࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚ࠊ᭱ึࡢ⚾ࡢ཯ᛂࡣࠕ࡯ࢇ࡜࠺࠿ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ
ࠕࡔࡗࡓࡽࠊ⚾ࡀᣍࡁࡲࡍࡼࠖ࡜ࠊᣍ⪸ࢆࡋࡓḟ➨࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ  ➨ϩࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡣࠊ
ࠕ୰ᅜࡢᑗ᮶࡜᪥ᮏ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ➨Ϩࢭࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࠊ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕ࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡀ࠶ࡲࡾᙉࡃ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡯࠺ࡀ᪥ᮏ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ዲࡲࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᐇ㝿࡟ࡣ୰ᅜࡀ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࠶ࡿព࿡࡛㑊ࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ࡶᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋຍ࠼࡚ࠊ⚾ࡀ࠸ࡘࡶ࠸ࢁ
࠸ࢁ࡞᪉ࠎ࡟⏦ࡋୖࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡀ୓ࡀ୍Ẹ୺୺⩏࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡽࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᙉࡳࡣ୍ࡘ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ
࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜ࢆ⫼ᬒ࡟ࠊ୰ᅜࡢᑗ᮶࡜᪥ᮏ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ウ㆟ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ
ࢀࡤ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᮏࢭࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣࠊ㛛㛫㜵⾨◊✲ᡤ୺௵◊✲ᐁࠊࡑࡋ࡚᫬ඛ⏕ࡢࣞࢪ࣓ࣗࢆ࠾㓄ࡾ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓ㈨ᩱࡢ
୰࡟ᣳࢇ࡛࠾ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࡈࡽࢇࡃࡔࡉࢀࡤᖾ࠸࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫ⌧௦୰ᅜ◊✲ᡤᣍ⪸◊✲ဨࡢᘪ㔝ඛ⏕ࠊࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝ࠿ࡽ༡ὒ⌮ᕤ኱Ꮫࡢࣇ࣮࣭ࢸ࢕࢔࣭ࣥࣈ࣮ࣥඛ⏕࡜㸱ே࡟Ⓩሙ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ᪩
㏿ࠊ㸯ே㸯㸮ศࢆᇶᮏ࡜࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ㛛㛫ඛ⏕࡟࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡛ࡣࠊࡼࢁࡋࡃ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ
ሗ࿌㸿㸸୰ᅜࡢᑗ᮶࡜᪥ᮏ
㛛㛫⌮Ⰻ㸦㜵⾨◊✲ᡤ୺௵◊✲ᐁ㸧  ࡈ⤂௓࡟࠶ࡎ࠿ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠊ㜵⾨┬㜵⾨◊✲ᡤࡢ㛛㛫࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
᭱ึ࡟࠾᩿ࢃࡾ⏦ࡋୖࡆ࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ⚾ࡢࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡢⓎゝࡣ᏶඲࡟ಶேࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ㜵⾨┬୪ࡧ࡟㜵⾨◊✲ᡤࡢពぢࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࠕ୰ᅜࡢᑗ᮶࡜᪥ᮏࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࢱ࢖ࢺࣝࡔࡅ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ௒ᚋ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟୰ᅜࡀⓎᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࠿ࠊ

43࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ࡝ࡇ࠿࡛ᘬࡗ࠿࠿ࡿࡢ࠿ࠋࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚᪥ᮏࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣ࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࠿ࠋᇶᮏⓗ࡟୰ᅜࡀ࡝ࡢ
ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆࠊ⟠᮲᭩ࡁࡋࡓࡢࡀࠊ఍㆟㈨ᩱࡢ㒊ศ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
㸦ᮏሗ࿌᭩ࠊ㸵㸶࣮࣌ࢪཧ↷㸧࠿࠸ࡘࡲࢇ࡛⚾ࡢぢゎࢆ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ௨ୗࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ඛ࡯࡝᮶ࡢ㆟ㄽ࡟ࡶฟ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ୰ᅜࡣᅜ㝿㛵ಀࡢ⌧≧ኚ᭦ࢆᚿྥࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ
ືࡁ࠿ࡽࡋ࡚࡯ࡰ㛫㐪࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ࠊ⚾ࡣ⪃࠼࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ᭱㏆ࡼࡃゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠕ୰⳹Ẹ᪘ࡢ೧኱࡞᚟⯆ࠖࡣࠊᐇࡣ㉿⣸㝧ࡢࡇࢁ࠿ࡽฟ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠕ୰ᅜࡢክࠖࡸࠊࠕᙉ㌷ࡢክࠖࡶࡋࡃࡣ
ࠕᐩᅜᙉ㌷࡛ࠖࡍࡡࠊᅜࢆᐩࡲࡏ࡚㌷ࢆᙉࡃࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠊᑡࡋྂ⮯࠸ࢫ࣮࡛ࣟ࢞ࣥࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡟
ࡶࠊ⌧≧ࢆኚ᭦ࡋ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺࡜࠸࠺୰ᅜࡢពḧࡀ࠶ࡽࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ࠊ⚾ࡣぢ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ពḧࢆᨭ࠼ࡿࡢࡣࠊᙜ↛ࠊ⤒῭ᡂ㛗࡟࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ㏆ᖺࠊࡇࡇ㸰㸮ᖺࡄࡽ࠸࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ
୰ᅜࡣᖺ⋡࡛ゝ࠺࡜㸯㸮㸣௨ୖࡢ⤒῭ᡂ㛗⋡ࢆ㐙ࡆ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡇࡇࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࡣࡑࢀࡀୗࡀࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜
࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᖺ⋡࡛ゝ࠺࡜㸵㸳㸣⛬ᗘ࡛ࠊ௒ᚋࡣ㸵㸣⛬ᗘࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡶ㧗࠸ࡄࡽ࠸࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓᡂ㛗⋡࡛⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࢆ୰ᅜࡣ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛ࠊ୰ᅜࡣᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶᩘᖺ㛫ࡣࡲࡔࡲࡔవ⿱
ࡀࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊᅜຊࢆఙᙇࡉࡏࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ㌷஦ຊࡶቑ኱ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃࡔࢁ࠺࡜ࡣᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡓࡔࠊࡑࡢᚋࡣ⤒῭ᡂ㛗⋡ࡀ㕌໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟୍ேࡗᏊᨻ⟇ࡀ㛗ࡃ⥆࠸ࡓᙳ㡪࡛ࠊ⪁㱋ேཱྀࡀቑຍࡋ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜ
ᨻᗓࡣ♫఍ಖ㞀㈝࡟ࡶᑐฎࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ୍᪉ࠊ୰ᅜࡣᅜ㝿㛵ಀ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡲࡔ᏶඲࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࢆ෽㥙ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ຊࢆ࢔ࢪ࢔࡛ࡣᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡏ
ࢇࡢ࡛ࠊ⌧≧࡛ࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜ࡢỴᐃⓗ࡞ᑐ❧ࡣ㑊ࡅࡓ࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡓࡔࠊࡑ࠺ࡣゝ࠸࡞ࡀࡽࡶࠊ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢຊࢆぢࡏࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺ᛮ࠸ࡢ⾲ࢀࡀࠊ࢜ࣂ࣐኱⤫㡿࡜ࡢ఍ぢࡢ୰࡛౑ࢃࢀࡓࠕ᪂ᆺ኱ᅜ㛵ಀࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ࠕ᪂ᆺ኱ᅜ㛵ಀࠖ࡟ࡘࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࣟࢩ࢔࡜ࡢ㛫࡛ࡶ౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࣟࢩ࢔࡜
ࡣࠊ࡜ࡾ࠶࠼ࡎ⾲㠃ⓗ࡟ࡣ௰ࡢ࠸࠸㛵ಀࠊᡓ␎ⓗࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ㛵ಀ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ୧ᅜࡢ㛵ಀࡶ࡞࠿࡞࠿ᚤጁ࡛₯ᅾⓗ࡞⥭ᙇ㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ୰࡛ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࠊࣟࢩ࢔࡜࠸࠺኱ᅜ࡜ࠊఱ࡜࠿࠺ࡲ
ࡃࠊᐇຊࢆ᏶඲࡟ࡘࡅࡿࡲ࡛ࡣࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺࡜ࠊ୰ᅜࡣ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡓࡔࠊ࠺ࡲࡃࡣࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ࡣᛮ࠺୍᪉࡛ࠊ࿘㎶ࡢᅜ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ࡝࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ
୰ᅜࡣ᪥ᮏ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟ᑤ㛶࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࠊᙼࡽࡣ୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊ༡ࢩࢼᾏ࡛ࡶ㡿᭷ᶒࡢ
୺ᙇ࡜ᙉⅯ࡞⾜ື࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ࠊࡑࡢពḧࠊ⮬ศࡓࡕࡀࠕ᰾ᚰⓗ฼┈ࠖࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺࡜ࡇࢁࡣᚲࡎᏲࡿ࡜࠸࠺ែ
ໃ࡜࠸࠺࠿ࠊᑐᛂࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ࠕ᰾ᚰⓗ฼┈ࠖபࠎ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ༡ࢩࢼᾏࠊᮾࢩࢼᾏ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠶ࡲࡾ᫂
♧ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ୰ᅜࡣࠊࢳ࣋ࢵࢺࠊ᪂␩࢘࢖ࢢࣝ⮬἞༊ࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽྎ‴࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ
ࠕ᰾ᚰⓗ฼┈ࠖ࡜᫂ゝࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ༡ࢩࢼᾏࡸᮾࢩࢼᾏ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ⾜ືࢆぢࡿ㝈ࡾࠕ᰾ᚰⓗ฼┈ࠖ࡜⪃࠼ࡘࡘࡶࠊࡲࡔ᫂ゝࡲ࡛ࡣࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ᫂ゝࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡍࡄ࡟ྲྀࡾᾘࡍ࡜࠸࠺≧ἣ࡛ࡍࠋࡓࡔࡇࢀࡽࡢᾏࡣㆡࢀ࡞࠸࡜ᙼࡽࡀ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ㛫㐪࠸࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ≉࡟ᑤ㛶࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡣ᪥ᮏ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᅽຊࢆ⤯ᑐ࡟ࡸࡵ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢇ࡞᪥ᮏ࡜ࡋ࡚
ࡣࠊ⚾ࡣࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ⤒῭ຊࢆᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ⥔ᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡣ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⤒῭ຊࡀᙅࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜ࠊ࡞࠿
࡞࠿Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀ⓗ࡟ࡶཝࡋࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊඛ࡯࡝ᒣ⏣ඛ⏕ࡀゝཬࡉࢀ࡚࠸
ࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ᪥ᮏࡶἲᚊᩚഛࢆ㐍ࡵࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࢢ࣮ࣞࢰ࣮࡛ࣥ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⾜ືࡋࡓࡽ࠸࠸࠿ࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸

44࡜࠸࠺࡜ࡇࢁࡀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࡍࡁ㛫ࢆᇙࡵ࡚࠸ࡃసᴗࡀᚲせࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊ୰ᅜࡀྎ‴࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࡝࠺࡛ࡿ࠿ࠋ㒭ᑠᖹ௨᮶ࠊᇶᮏ᪉㔪ࡣኚࢃࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ
ࠕᖹ࿴⤫୍ࠖࠊ
ࠕ୍ᅜ஧ไᗘ࡛ࠖࡍࠋ≉࡟ࠊ⬌㘊℀ᨻᶒࡼࡾࡶ⩦㏆ᖹᨻᶒࡢ࡯࠺ࡀࠊྎ‴ၥ㢟ࡢゎỴ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ࡼ࠺࡟ぢ࠼ࡲࡍࠋ㤿ⱥ஑⥲⤫ࡶࡑࢀ࡟ᛂ࠼ࡿᙧ࡛ࠊ✚ᴟⓗ࡞୰ྎ㛵ಀࢆᶞ❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡛
ࡍࡀࠊඛ࡯࡝⚾ࡀ㉁ၥࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ⤫୍ᆅ᪉㑅ᣲ࡛ᅜẸඪࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟ᡴᧁࢆཷࡅࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ୰ྎ㛵ಀࢆ௒ᚋࡣ
㐍ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊ㤶ࡢ࢜࢟ࣗࣃ࢖࣭ࢭࣥࢺࣛࣝࡢືࡁࢆྎ‴ࡢேࡓࡕࡶࡼࡃぢ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋྎ‴ࡢேࡓࡕࡶࠊ࠶ࢀࢆぢ࡚ࠊ୍ᅜ஧ไᗘࢆ㸳㸮ᖺ㛫⥆ࡅࡲࡍ࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ୰ᅜࡢヰࡣࠊ࡞࠿࡞࠿ಙࡌࡽࢀ࡞࠸࡞࡜࠸࠺ᛮ࠸ࡀᙉࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ぢ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠶࡜ࡣࠊ୰ᅜᾏ㌷࡛ࡍࡡࠋࠕᙉ㌷ࡢክࠖࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᐇ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ㸰㸮㸱㸮ᖺࡈࢁࡲ࡛࡟ࡣࠊ᪂ࡓ࡟✵ẕ㸰ಶᶵື㒊㝲ࡄࡽ࠸ࡣࡘࡃࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡓࡔ✵ẕᶵື㒊㝲ࢆࡘࡃࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ࡜
࠸ࡗ࡚ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝㌷࡟ᑐᢠ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅࡢ⬟ຊࢆ୰ᅜᾏ㌷ࡀഛ࠼ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ⚾ࡣ⏒ࡔ␲ၥ࡟ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ➃ⓗ࡟ゝࡗ࡚ࠊ㸰㸮㸱㸮ᖺࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡶࠊ୰ᅜᾏ㌷ࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᾏ㌷࡟すኴᖹὒ࡛ᑐᢠ࡛
ࡁ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡓࡔ㌷஦ຊࡣ┦ᑐⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ୰ᅜࡢ✵ẕᨷᧁ⩌ࡣࠊᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ༡ࢩࢼᾏ࡟࠾࠸
࡚ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞ᅽຊ࡜ࡋ࡚స⏝ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ࡸࣇ࢕ࣜࣆࣥࠊ࣐࣮ࣞࢩ࢔࡞࡝࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⬣ጾࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᙜ↛ࠊྎ‴࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶᅽຊ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ୰ᅜᅜෆࡢ≧ἣ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ௒ࠊ⎔ቃởᰁࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㐍⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡡࠋ⚾ࡶ໭ி࡟⾜ࡃ࡜኱Ẽởᰁࡢࡦ࡝ࡉࢆᐇឤ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣ࡞࠿࡞࠿ຠᯝⓗ࡞ゎỴࡣぢ࠼࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ௒ᚋࠊ࡝ࢀࡔࡅ⎔ቃಖ඲࡟࠾
㔠ࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚࠸ࡅࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࡝࠺࡞ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊࡲࡔࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊᅜෆⓗ࡟ࡣࠊ᪂␩࢘
࢖ࢢࣝ⮬἞༊ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ᑡᩘẸ᪘ࡢᭀືࡶ㢖Ⓨࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠊ୰ᅜ㧗ᐁࠊඹ⏘ඪᖿ㒊ࡢở⫋ࡣࠊ࡞࠿࡞࠿᰿⤯࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ୰ᅜࡣ୍ඪ⊂⿢యไ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊඹ⏘ඪࡢᖿ㒊ࡀᝏ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆࡸࡗ࡚ࡶ࡞࠿࡞࠿
ᤕࡲ࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ㞟ᅋࡢᢠ㆟⾜ື➼ࡶከⓎࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ኱ࡁ࡞ὶࢀ࡛ゝ࠼ࡤࠊ♫఍἞Ᏻࡣᝏ໬ࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺
࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓὶࢀࡢ୰࡛ࠊ୰ᅜඹ⏘ඪࡢ⤫἞ࡢṇᙜᛶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ␲ၥࡣ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊඹ⏘ඪᨻᶒ࡟ᑐࡍࡿಙ௵ࡣ࡝ࢇ࡝ࢇⷧࢀ࡚࠸ࡃഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚୰ᅜࡢ♫఍ࡣࡲࡍࡲࡍ୙Ᏻᐃ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ
ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ࡛ࡶࠊ୰ᅜඹ⏘ඪ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣఱ࡜࠿ඹ⏘ඪᨻᶒࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࡓ࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟♫఍ࡢᏳᐃࢆᮃࡴࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ඹ⏘ඪࡀ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟㢗ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࡣࠊேẸゎᨺ㌷ࠊṊ⿦㆙ᐹࠊẸරࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ୍
⯡ࡢ㆙ᐹ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢ౫㢗ᗘࢆ㧗ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ ࡇࢀࡀࠊ⚾ࡢࡊࡗࡃࡾ࡜ࡋࡓぢ❧࡚࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࠶࡜ࡣ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁⓙᵝ࠿ࡽ㉁ၥࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡃ୰
࡛ࠊᅇ⟅࡛ࡁࢀࡤ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ㸦ᢿᡭ㸧ఀ⸨๛㸦㆟㛗㸧  㛛㛫ඛ⏕ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡯ࢇ࡜࠺࡟኱ኚໟᣓⓗ࡞ヰ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊᆅᇦⓗ࡟ࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࠿ࡽጞࡲࡾࠊࣟࢩ࢔ࠊྎ‴ࠊ㤶 ࢆ࢝ࣂ࣮ࡋࠊࢸ࣮࣐࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㡿ᅵࠊᾏὒࠊᏳಖࠊ⭉ᩋၥ㢟ࠊ♫఍୙Ᏻ࡜ࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟ᗈ⠊࡟⌧ᅾ୰ᅜࡀᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠸
ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ၥ㢟ࢆ⥙⨶ⓗ࡟ヰࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᮏ᮶࡞ࡽࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡐࡦ㉁ၥࡸࠊఱ࠿ゝ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ࠿࡜⪺ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡍࡀࠊḟ࡟⾜ࡁࡲ45ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋḟ࡟ᘪ㔝ඛ⏕࡛ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫࡢ⌧௦୰ᅜ◊✲ᡤ࡛◊✲ဨࢆົࡵ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ≉࡟୰ᅜࡢᨻ㌷㛵ಀ࡟ヲࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜࡛ⴭྡ࡛࠶ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ ࡛ࡣࠊᘪ㔝ඛ⏕ࠊ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ
ሗ࿌㹀㸸⤒῭ⓗㄏᝨ࡜ᨻ἞࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡢ㛫ࡢࢪ࣐ࣞࣥ
⚾ࡓࡕࡣ࣏ࢫࢺࠕ୰ᅜᓹ㉳㸦Rising China㸧ࠖ᫬௦࡟࠸࠿࡟ྥࡁྜ࠺࠿
ᘪ㔝ṇᏹ㸦᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫ⌧௦୰ᅜ◊✲ᡤᫀᖹ◊✲ဨ㸧  ᘪ㔝࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ௒ᅇࡢࡇࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘࡟ᙜ
ࡓࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕ࡢ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆࠊࡑࡢࡲࡲࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟ឤ㖭ࢆཷࡅࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀྠࡌࡇ
࡜ࢆゝ࠺࡜⚾ࡢᏑᅾព⩏ࡶ࡞࠸ࡋࠊࡲࡓ௒ࡢ㛛㛫ඛ⏕ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ⪺ࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟ྠពࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡤ࠿
ࡾ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ྠࡌ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ㐪࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ഃ㠃࠿ࡽゝࡗ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ≉࡟࣑࢔ࢩࣕ
࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕ࡢ᭱ᚋࡢ⤖ㄽࡢ㒊ศ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚୰ᅜࡢྎ㢌ࡀ࡞࠸࡯࠺ࡀ࠸࠸࡜࠸࠺ヰ࡛ࠊࡓࡔྎ㢌ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ୰࡛࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞❧ሙࢆ࡜ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ヰࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ⚾ࡣ୰ᅜࡀྎ㢌ࡍࡿ᫬௦ࡣࡑࢁࡑࢁ㝜ࡾࡀぢ࠼࡚ࡁࡓ࡜ࠋ௒ࡢ㛛㛫ඛ⏕ࡢ࠾ヰ࡟㏆࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡓࡔࠊࡔ࠿ࡽ࡜ゝࡗ࡚ࡑࢀࡀ᪥
ᮏ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚࠸࠸ࡇ࡜࡞ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊᐇࡣࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜࡣ౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ㄆ㆑ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋ኱ᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢㄆ㆑ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡀࡇࢀ࠿ࡽఙࡧ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ୖ᪼ᚿྥࢆࡲࡔᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ㄆ㆑࡟ࠊᅜෆⓗ࡞࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ၥ㢟࡜ᑐእⓗ࡞⾜ື࡜ࡢ㛫࡛኱ࡁ࡞ࢠࣕࢵࣉࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ
ࡇࢀࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟༴࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺࠿ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡇࢀ࡟࡝࠺ᑐᛂࡍࡿ࠿ࡀၥࢃࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ௒ᅇࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘࡟ᙜࡓࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ୰ᅜࠊ≉࡟⩦㏆ᖹᨻᶒ௨᮶ࡢ୰ᅜ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ࣏࢖
ࣥࢺࢆ⪃࠼ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ࠊᨻ἞࡜⤒῭࡜ࡢ㛫࡛࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᢡࡾྜ࠸ࢆࡘࡅࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ㸯ࡘࡢ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ၥࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋఀ⸨๛ඛ⏕ࡣࠊࡇࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠕᨻ἞࡜⤒῭ࡢࡡࡌࢀࠖ
࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ≉࡟᪥ᮏ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟㗦ࡃၥࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊ
ඛ࡯࡝࢛࢘ࣝࢺࣥඛ⏕ࡣࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡶࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢪ࣐ࣞࣥࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࢳࣕ
࢖ࢼ࣭ࢠࣕࢵࣉࠊᑡࡋ❧ሙࡀ㐪࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡡࠋ≉࡟᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣ࠿ࡘ࡚᪥୰㛵ಀࡣࠕᨻ෭⤒⇕ࠖ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾᨻ἞ࡣ෭ࡓ࠸ࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ⤒῭ࡣ⇕࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡡࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀࠊᑤ㛶ၥ㢟ࡸ㟹ᅜၥ㢟ࡀ㉳ࡁࡿ࡜ࠊ
ࠕᨻ෭⤒෭ࠖ࡜࠸࠺≧ែ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᨻ἞࡜⤒῭ࡀࣜࣥࢡࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺
ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ᪥ᮏ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࡇࡢࣜࣥࢡࢆࡉࡏ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ࣂࣛࣥࢫࡢ࡜ࡾ᪉ࡀ௒ᚋၥࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ
࡜ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢪ࣐ࣞࣥࢆ⪃࠼ࡿୖ࡛ࠊ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕ࡢࠗ኱ᅜᨻ἞ࡢᝒ๻࠘ࢆ෌ࡧㄞࡳ┤ࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ
ࡑࡢ㗦ࡉ࡜ඛぢᛶࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟ཧ⪃࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ≉࡟ࠕ୰ᅜࡣᖹ࿴ⓗ࡟ྎ㢌࡛ࡁࡿ࠿㸽ࠖ࡜࠸࠺❶ࢆࡘࡅຍ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟ཧ⪃࡟࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡓࡔࠊࡇࢀࢆண

ࡋࡓඛ⏕ࡢぢ᪉ࡀ᭩࠿ࢀࡓ

ᙜึࡼࡾࡶࠊ⌧ᐇ࿡ࢆᖏࡧ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࡇࡢ୍ࠊ஧ᖺ࡛ࠊඛ⏕ࡢண46ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿࢫࣆ࣮ࢻ

࡛ຊࢆቑᙉࡉࡏ࡚ࠊእ஺ⓗ࡟ࡶ㌷஦ⓗ࡟ࡶࣉࣞࢮࣥࢫࢆ㄂♧ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ぢ࠼ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࡑ࠺⪃࠼ࡲࡍ࡜ࠊඛ⏕ࡢᣦ᦬ࡣࡶࡋ࠿ࡋࡓࡽᑡࡋ㐲៖ࡀࡕࡔࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࡜ࡉ࠼ࡶᛮ࠼ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍ
ࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣ⩦㏆ᖹᨻᶒ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊ⬌㘊℀ᨻᶒࡼࡾࡶࡼࡾ࢔ࢢࣞࢵࢩࣈ࡞እ஺ࢆ࡜ࡾࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࡢࢫࢱࣥࢫ
ࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ぢ࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡣࠕ୰ᅜࡢክࠖ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠕᙉ㌷ࡢክࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆ୺ᙇ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࣈࢵࢡࣞࢵࢺࠊゎㄝᮏࡶฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᙧ࡛㌷ࡣ₇⩦ࢆ㢖⦾࡟⾜࠸ࠊ㐲ὒ⯟ᾏ࡛㌷஦ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢫࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࠊ࡝࠺⪃࠼ࢀࡤ࠸࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡀࠊඛ⏕ࡀᨵゞ∧࡛グࡉࢀࡓᩥ❶࠿ࡽᚓࡓ♧၀࡜ࠊ⚾࡞ࡾ࡟ჶࡳ○࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡿ࡜࡝࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆࠊᑡࡋ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ࡛
ᥦ㉳ࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸯ࡘࡣࠊඛ࡯࡝ゝ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ୰ᅜྎ㢌ࡢ᫬௦ࡣࡑࢁࡑࢁ᭤ࡀࡾゅ࡟᮶࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ⤊ࢃ
ࡾࢆ㏄࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ㸰␒┠࡟ࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ୰࡛୰ᅜࡢࡼࡾ⬤ᙅ࡞㉸኱ᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ
ᛶ㉁ࡀࡼࡾ✺ฟ໬ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡶ࠺㸯ࡘࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡢㄆ㆑ࠊ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ
࢕࡜ࡶ㛵ಀࡋࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ๓㏆௦ⓗ࡞᫬௦ほࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㸯␒┠ࡢ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ࡛
ࡍࡀࠊඛ⯡ࡢ㸿㹎㹃㹁࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠕ኱ᅜࡢ᫬௦ࠖ࡜࠿ࠊࠕୡ⏺ࡢ୰ᚰࡢ୰ࡢ୰ᅜࠖ࡜࠿ࠊ
ࠕ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜୰ᅜࡢ
஧኱㉸኱ᅜࠖ
ࠕ᪂ᆺࡢ኱ᅜ㛵ಀࠖ࡜⮬ศ࡛ࡣゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ㹅㸰࡜ゝࢃࢀࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀ
ࡣࠊ⚾ࡣ࠿࡞ࡾࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡣࡑ࠺ࡔࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺Ẽࡣࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋྎ㢌ࡢ᫬௦ࡣỤἑẸ࠿ࡽ⬌
㘊℀ᨻᶒࡢ᫬ᮇࡔࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡼࡡࠋ⚾ࡣ㸯㸷㸷㸵ᖺ࠿ࡽ㸰㸮㸮㸳ᖺࡲ࡛୰ᅜ࡛ຮᙉࡋࡓࡾാ࠸ࡓ
ࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡇࡢ᫬ᮇࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟ྎ㢌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬ᮇࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡜௒࡛ࡣ඲↛ࣇ࢙࣮ࢬࡀ㐪࠺ẁ㝵࡟ධࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ឤࡌࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋᑐእⓗ࡟ࡣࡇࡢ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣẚ㍑ⓗࡲࡔ✜೺ࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋᡯ⬟ࢆ㞃ࡋ࡚᥍࠼ࡵ࡟᣺ࡿ⯙࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ࠊ
ࠕ㡗ග㣴ᬉࠖ
࡜ゝ࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ
ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓጼໃࢆᖖ࡟࢔ࣆ࣮ࣝࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀࠊ
ࠕᖹ࿴Ⓨᒎࡢ᫬௦ࠖ࡜࠿ࠕᖹ࿴ⓗྎ㢌ࠖࠊࠕᡓ␎ⓗᶵ఍ࡢ
᫬ᮇࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ゝⴥࡶእ஺ࡢሙ࡛ࡣᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓゝ࠸᪉ࡣࡶࡣࡸ࠶ࡲࡾ
ᙳࢆ₯ࡵࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ᭱㏆ࡢ⩦㏆ᖹᨻᶒ࡛ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊࠕᙉ㌷ࡢክ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ
࡜࠿ࠊࠕ୰⳹Ẹ᪘ࡢ೧኱࡞᚟⯆ࠖ࡜ࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒࡟ッ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࢆゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ୰ᅜࡀࡼࡾ
࢔ࢢࣞࢵࢩࣈ࡟࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ࡜ࠊ࿘㎶ㅖᅜࠊ᪥ᮏࢆࡣࡌࡵ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ࠊࣇ࢕ࣜࣆࣥࡢ཯Ⓨࢆᣍࡃ᫬௦࡟࡞ࡗ
࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕ࡣࠊࡑࡢᮏࡢ୰࡛ࠊ౛࠼ࡤ࿘㎶ᅜࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢫࢱࣥࢫࢆ࡜ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㸯ࡘࡣ຾ࡕ㤿࡟஌ࡿࠋࠕࣂࣥࢻ࣡ࢦࣥࠖࡢࢫࢱࣥࢫࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜࡜ࡶ࡟࢝࢘ࣥࢱ࣮ࣂࣛ
ࣥࢫࢆ࡜ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺㑅ᢥ⫥ࢆ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡣẚ㍑ⓗ୰ᅜࡀ✜೺࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ୰
ᅜ࡜ࡢ༠ຊࢆ㐍ࡵࠊ຾ࡕ㤿࡟஌ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓഃ㠃ࡀᙉ࠸࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀࠊ୰ᅜࡢⓎᒎࡀ㕌ࡿࡲࡉ࡟ࡇࡢẁ㝵࡟᮶࡚ࠊ࿘㎶ᅜࡀ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡞࡝࡜ࡶ୍⥴࡟ࣂࣛࣥࢩࣥࢢ࡟࠿ࡌࢆྲྀࡿ᪉ྥࡶࠊྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ⓶⫗࡞ࡇ࡜࡟୰ᅜࡀྎ㢌ࡍࡿ⤯㡬ᮇ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ⤒῭Ⓨᒎࡀ㕌ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ୰࡛ࡢ≧ἣࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ ࡇࢀࡣ㸰␒┠ࡢ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ࡟ࡶ㛵ಀࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛୰ᅜࡣ⬤ᙅ࡞㉸኱ᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᛶ㉁ࡀ
ࡼࡾ✺ฟ໬ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࢫ࣮ࢨ࣭ࣥࢩ࣮ࣕࢡඛ⏕ࡀࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㢟ࡢᮏࢆ᭩ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀ

47

࡝ࡶࠊࡇࢀࡣࡲࡔ㧗ᗘᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿẁ㝵࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ᭱㏆࡛ࡣ㹅㹂㹎ࡢᡂ㛗⋡㸵㸳㸣ࡶษࡿ≧ἣ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠊ
ඛ࡯࡝㛛㛫ඛ⏕ࡢヰࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋᅜෆ▩┪ࡶ࠸ࡗࡥ࠸ᄇฟࡋ࡚ࡃࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊࡲࡔ୍ඪᨭ㓄ࢆሀᣢࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠊࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ㆙ᐹຊ
ࡸ㌷஦ຊࢆᙉ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᚲṚ࡞ࡢࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ୰࡛༴ᶵឤࡣ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㆙ᐹຊ࡟ッ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊඛ㐌ᮎࠊ⎔⌫᫬ሗ࡜࠸࠺୰ᅜࡢ
᪂⪺ࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࠊࡇࡇ࡛࠾ࡶࡋࢁ࠸㆟ㄽࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣㄡࡀ୰ᅜࢆ㌿そࡉࡏࡿ࠿࡜
࠸࠺ࢢࣟࢸࢫࢡ࡞㆟ㄽࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ࠊᑗ㌷ࡓࡕࡣእ㒊ໃຊࡢ⬣ጾࢆᙉㄪࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ࡜ࡇ
ࢁࡀࠊ୍ேࡢ኱Ꮫᩍဨࡀࠊࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ᅜෆࡢở⫋ᐁ൉ࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ῝้࡞ၥ㢟࡞ࡢࡔ࡜ᣦ᦬ࢆࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺
ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ⃭ࡋ࠸㆟ㄽࡀ⧞ࡾᗈࡆࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࡑࡢ୰ᅜࡀ┤㠃ࡍࡿ༴ᶵࢆ㇟ᚩࡍࡿ࢚ࣆࢯ࣮ࢻ࡛ࡍ
ࡀࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ୰࡛ࠊ୰ᅜࡣࡴࡋࢁᅜෆⓗ࡞ෆ㟂ࡢᣑ኱࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊࡶࡣࡸᑐእⓗ࡟ᡴࡗ࡚ฟ࡚⤒῭Ⓨᒎࢆࡋࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺᪉ྥᛶࢆ࡜ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ࣐ࣝࢳ࡞㛵ಀ࡛ࠊ㹀㹐㹇㹁㹱ࡸୖᾏ༠ຊᶵᵓ࡜࠸࠺
ሙ࡛ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡾࠊඛ࡯࡝ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔࢖ࣥࣇࣛᢞ㈨㖟⾜ࡢタ❧ࢆ㏻ࡌࡓࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ᅜ㝿⛛ᗎࢆࡘࡃࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺ືࡁࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᑐእⓗ࡞ᙉ◳࡞ጼໃࡸ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ጼໃ࡜ࠊ
ᑐෆⓗ࡞༴ᶵ࡜࠸࠺≧ἣࡀ࣐ࢵࢳࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ୰࡛୰ᅜࡀ๓㏆௦ⓗ࡞⪃࠼᪉ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ヰࡣఱ࠿࡜࠸࠸ࡲࡍ࡜ࠊࡲࡉ࡟᫂᪥࡛ࡍࡀࠊ
㸯㸰᭶㸯㸱᪥ࠊ༡ி኱⹢ẅ≛≅⪅ࢆ㏣᝚ࡍࡿグᛕ᪥ࡀἲᚊ࡛ไᐃࡉࢀ࡚ࠊከศ኱ࠎⓗ࡞࢖࣋ࣥࢺࢆࡸࡿ࡜
ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣఱࢆព࿡ࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊ୰ᅜࡣࡇࢀࡲ୍࡛ᗘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⤫୍ᅜᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢫ
ࢸ࣮ࢺ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ᅜᐙ⤫ྜࢆࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢព࿡࡛ࡣࠊ୰ᅜ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ๓㏆௦ⓗ࡞⪃࠼᪉ࢆࡎࡗ࡜
ᣢࡕ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᅜᐙ⤫ྜࡉ࠼ࡶᡂࡋ㐙ࡆࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊࡎࡗ࡜ࡇࢀࡀࠕẸ᪘ࡢክࠖࠊࠕ୰⳹Ẹ᪘ࡢ೧኱࡞᚟⯆ࠖ࡜࠸࠺┠ᶆ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞᫬௦ほࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࠊࣃ࣡
࣮࡟ッ࠼࡚ຊࢆቑᙉࡉࡏࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ⩦㏆ᖹᨻᶒࡢ୰ᅜ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࿘㎶ㅖᅜࡣ㐪࿴ឤࢆᣢࡕࠊࡑࡋ࡚࠶ࡿ
✀࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆᙉ໬ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃྍ⬟ᛶࡀ᭱㏆ฟ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ୰࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊඛ࡯࡝బ⸨⪃୍ඛ⏕ࡀ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㋃ࢇᙇࡽ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞
࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡲࡓཎⅬ࡟ᡠࡗ࡚ᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞౯್ࡢ㔜せᛶࢆᙉㄪࡋ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜᅜෆࡢࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࣜ࣋
ࣛࣝ࡞ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡜ࡢ㐃ᦠࢆᙉࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᕷẸព㆑ࡀ㧗ࡲࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ୰࡛ࠊࡑࡢᬑ㐢ⓗ౯್ࢆᙉㄪࡍ
ࡿࠋẸ୺ᅜᐙࡢ㛫࡛ࠊᡓதࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀప࠸࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ୰ᅜࡢࡇ࠺ࡋࡓẸ୺ⓗ࡞᪉ྥᛶࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᨭ᥼ࡍࡿࠊ༠ຊࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ⾪✺ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡶୗࡆࠊࡑࡋ࡚༠ຊ㛵ಀࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ Ύ⫈ࢆ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ㸦ᢿᡭ㸧ఀ⸨๛㸦㆟㛗㸧  ᘪ㔝ඛ⏕ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࣏ࢫࢺ୰ᅜᓹ㉳ࡢ᫬௦࡜ゝ࠸ࡲࡍ࠿ࡽࠊせࡍࡿ࡟⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡋࡓ୰ᅜ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㐣ࡂཤࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜
࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ⫼ᬒ࡟࠾ヰࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ
ࠕࡴࡁฟࡋࡢຊࠖ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠕࡴࡁฟࡋࡢຊࠖ࡜࠸࠺㌷஦ⓗ࡞ヰ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊࡶ࠺ᑡࡋࢯࣇࢺ࡛ᕦጁ࡞ᡓ␎ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᑐฎἲࡀᚲせ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶࠊ
ぢ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ

48 ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊḟ࡟ࠊࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝࡢ༡ὒ⌮ᕤ኱Ꮫࡢࣇ࣮࣭ࢸ࢕࢔࣭ࣥࣈ࣮ࣥඛ⏕࡟࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲ
ࡍࠋ࡛ࡣࠊࡼࢁࡋࡃ࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡲࡍࠋ
ሗ࿌㹁㸸ᰂ㌾࡞ຊࡢ㄂♧̿୰ᅜࡢᆅᇦᨻ⟇ࣇ࣮࣭ࢸ࢕࢔࣭ࣥࣈ࣮ࣥ㸦༡ὒ⌮ᕤ኱Ꮫ෸ᩍᤵ㸧  ࡲࡎࠊᚚ♩ࢆ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋఀ⸨ඛ⏕ࠊࡲࡓ௒ᅇࠊ
ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࠊ⚾ࡣࡇࡢࡍࡤࡽࡋ࠸ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘࡟ཧຍࡍࡿᶵ఍ࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ኱ኚ࠺ࢀ
ࡋࡃᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࡝࠺ࡶ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡣࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝே࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝ
ᨻᗓࢆ௦⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣᛮ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋ⚾ࡢ௒࠿ࡽࡢ࠾ヰࡣ⚾ぢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆෑ㢌࡟⏦ࡋୖࡆ࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡍࠋ
ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊ⚾ࡣᑡࡋ㢼㑧ࢆࡦ࠸࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊတࡀฟࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠊᩘ᪥๓ࠊ໭ி࡟࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࡶࡋ࠿ࡋࡓࡽ
኱Ẽởᰁࡀཎᅉࡔࡗࡓ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊတࢆ࠾チࡋࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ ⚾ࡢ࣮࣌ࣃ࣮㸦ᮏሗ࿌᭩ࠊ㸵㸮࣮࣌ࢪཧ↷㸧ࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡢ࢔ࢧ࣮ࢸ࢕ࣈࢿࢫࠊ㧗ᅽⓗ࡞ែᗘ࡜࠿⮬ᕫ୺ᙇ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢࢆ࡜࡟࠿ࡃ⌮ゎࡋࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛᭩࠸࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣఱྡ࠿ࡢᏛ⪅ࠊ୍␒᭷ྡ࡞᪉ࡣ
࢔ࣛࢫࢸ࢔࣭࢖࢔࣭ࣥࢪࣙࣥࢫࢺࣥẶࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟⯆࿡῝࠸ࠊ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢼࢩࣙࢼ࣭ࣝࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕࣮࡜࠸࠺ᮏ
࡟᭩࠸࡚࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊᙼ࡟ࡼࡾࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ୰ᅜࡢ࢔ࢧ࣮ࢸ࢕ࣈࢿࢫࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ
࡞ࡀࡽ୰ᅜࡢᾏὒぞᶒ࡞࡝࡛ࡣᑡࡋᙼࡣಖᏲⓗ࡟᭩࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࡝ࡕࡽ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡇࡢヰࡶ⚾ࡣྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣࡲࡔ⏕ࡲࢀࡓࡤ࠿ࡾࡢᏛၥࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ 㸰ࡘࡢ㔜せ࡞Ⅼࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠾࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡲࡎࡇࡢ࢔ࢧ࣮ࢸ࢕ࣈࢿࢫ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡑࡢࡶࡢ
࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ୍⮴ࡋࡓᐃ⩏ࡀࡲࡔ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋᅜ㝿㛵ಀ࡛ࡶࠊࡲࡓࡣእ஺࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᩥ⊩ࢆぢ࡚ࡶࠊࡇࡢ࢔ࢧ࣮ࢸ࢕ࣈࢿࢫࡣ᫂☜࡞ᐃ⩏ࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࠊࡇࢀࡣ⚾࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣᑓไᨻ἞࡜࠸࠸ࡲࡍ࠿ࠊ
㠀ᖖ࡟㧗ᅽⓗ࡞ែᗘࠊࡘࡲࡾࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡀ࡝ࡇ࡟❧ࡘ࠿ࠊ࡝ࡇ࡟ᗙࡿ࠿࡟ࡼࡿࡢࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࠊ୺ほᛶࡀࡇࡢࢥࣥࢭࣉࢺ࡟ࡣධࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ౛࠼ࡤ୰ᅜேࡢேࡓࡕ࡟ヰࢆࡍࢀࡤࠊᙼࡽࡣ๓ࡼࡾ
ࡶࡶࡗ࡜㧗ᅽⓗ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜ࡣᛮࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ⮬ศࡓࡕࡀ⮬ಙࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡔ
ࡅࡔ࡜ゝ࠺࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࡛ࡶࣇ࢕ࣜࣆࣥேࡸ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ே࡟⪺࠸࡚ࡳࢀࡤࠊ୰ᅜࡢ᭱㏆ࡢእ஺ࡢ࢔ࢧ࣮ࢸ࢕ࣈ
ࢿࢫࡣࠊ඲ࡃ㐪࠺ឤࡌ᪉ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ᭱㏆ࡇࡢ୰ᅜࡢᆅᇦᨻ⟇ࡸᡓ␎ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ୰ᅜ࠿ࡽࡢࢩࢢࢼࣝࡣ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡜」ᩘࡢࡶࡢࡀฟ࡚ࡁ
ࡲࡍࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㠀ᖖ࡟ᙉຊ࡟ᾏὒᶒ┈ࢆ୺ᙇࡋࡓ࠿࡜ᛮ࠺࡜ࠊᮤඞᙉ࡜࠿⩦㏆ᖹẶࡣࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ྛᆅᇦ࡛࠸ࢁ
࠸ࢁ࡞ᅜࢆᅇࡗ࡚ࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟ᖹ࿴ⓗ࡞እ஺ࢆᒎ㛤ࡋࠊ࣮ࣟࣥࡶ࡝ࢇ࡝ࢇ࡜ᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞
ࢩࢢࢼࣝࡀฟ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ᨻ⟇ࡣࠊࣇࣞ࢟ࢩࣈ࣭ࣝ࢔ࢧ࣮ࢸ࢕ࣈࢿࢫ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉࠿ࡽ࠸ࡗࡓ࡯࠺ࡀ࠸࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾᙼࡽࡢ㧗ᅽⓗ࡞ែᗘࡣ୍ࡘ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ☜࠿࡟㧗ᅽⓗ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ㑅ᢥⓗ࡟㧗ᅽⓗ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡇࡇ࡟ࡣ㸰ࡘࡢࢱ࢖ࣉࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ㸯ࡘࡣࠊ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶጇ༠࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࠊᙼࡽࡀࠕ᰾ᚰⓗ฼┈ࠖ࡜࿧ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࡶ࠺㸯ࡘࠊࡶࡗ࡜஺΅ྍ⬟࡛ᰂ㌾ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࠊࡇࢀࡣ㠀᰾ᚰⓗ࡞฼┈࡟49㛵ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡢࡇ࡜ࢃࡊ࡟ࠊࠕ࠿ࡓ࠸ࡶࡢࡣࡉࡽ࡟࠿ࡓࡃࠊࡸࢃࡽ࠿࠸ࡶࡢࡣࡶࡗ࡜ࡸࢃࡽ࠿ࡃࠖ
࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ㧗ᅽⓗ࡞ࡸࡾ᪉ࡣࠊࡑࡢሙྜ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ኚࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࢃࡅ
࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࢥࢫࢺࡶ࠿࠿ࡿ࠿ࢃࡾ࡟ࠊࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ࣋ࢿࣇ࢕ࢵࢺࡶቑ࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ
࠿ࡽ㠀ᖖ࡟Ὑ⦎ࡉࢀࡓ୰ᅜࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ḟ࡟ࠊ୰ᅜࡣࠕ᰾ᚰⓗ฼┈ࠖ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟ᙉ◳࡟ฟࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࡛ࡣࠊ᰾ᚰⓗ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ
୍య࡝ࡢࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋࡑࢀࡣᅜ┈࡜ࡋ࡚Ỵࡋ࡚ጇ༠࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࠊࡲࡓࡣ஺΅࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᇶᮏⓗ࡟୰ᅜࡀࠊᡓຊࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ㌷஦ࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ࡶࡸࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࠊู࡟㌷஦ࢆ౑࠺࡜⚾ࡣゝࡗ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ౑ࡗ࡚࡛ࡶᏲࢁ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࢱ࢖ࣉࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ᭱ᚋࡢᡭẁ࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࡀࠊࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡲ࡛ࡶᏲࢁ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀࠕ᰾ᚰⓗࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡢ࣮࣌ࣃ࣮࡟ࡼࡾࡲࡍ
࡜ࠊุ᩿ࢆㄗࡽ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࡑࡋ࡚⣮தࡀ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ
ࠕ᰾ᚰⓗ฼┈ࠖࢆྠᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ
ࡔ࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡼࡾ᫂☜࡟ࣞࢵࢻࣛ࢖ࣥࢆᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⣮தࡀ㉳ࡁ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࢃࡊࢃࡊࡇࢀࢆ᫂グࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ฼┈ࡀኻࢃࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡲࡓ
୍⯡ࡢேࡓࡕࡢព㆑ࡀ࡝ࢇ࡝ࢇ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤᙼࡽࡢ㡿ᅵᶒ┈ࡸ㡿ᾏᶒ┈࡞࡝࡟㛵ࡍࡿ୍⯡ࡢேࡓࡕࡢព㆑ࡀ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᅜẸ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚ᙅ࠸ᨻᗓ࡟ぢ࠼ࡿࡢࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ
ࠕ᰾ᚰⓗࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀỴࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ ⥆࠸࡚ࠊᡝ⛃ᅜẶࡣࠊࡶ࠺ᅜົጤဨ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊᙼࡣ୰ᅜࡢእົ኱⮧ࡼࡾࡶࡶࡗ࡜㧗࠸ᆅ఩࡟࠸
࡚ࠊእ஺࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ㤳┦ࡢḟ࡟ᙼࡀ୰ᚰࡢ❧ሙ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᡝ⛃ᅜẶࡣࠊ≉
࡟ྎ‴࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࢆゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠶ࡢᙜ᫬ࠊ୰ᅜ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞⊂❧㐠ືࡀጞࡲࡗ
࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ୰ᅜࡢእ஺ࡢᩥ᭩࡟ࡶ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ゝⴥࡀฟ࡚࠸ࡓ᫬௦࡛ࡍࠋ
ࠕ᰾ᚰⓗ฼┈ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡀࡑࡢ࡜ࡁ࡟ฟ࡚ࡁࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ㸰㸮㸮㸷ᖺ㸵᭶࡟ࡣࠊᡝ⛃ᅜẶࡀࠊࡶࡗ࡜ලయⓗ࡟ࠕ᰾ᚰⓗ฼┈ࠖࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ
࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࠿ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࣁ࢖ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡞୰࣭⡿࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㧗ᐁࡢ఍㆟ࡢ୰࡛ฟ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ୰
ᅜࡢᛶ᱁ࢆᣢࡗࡓ♫఍୺⩏ࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽᅜᐙ୺ᶒ࡜ᅜᅵࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡲࡓᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞⤒῭ࠊࡑࡋ࡚♫఍Ⓨᒎ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡀࠕ᰾ᚰⓗ฼┈ࠖࡔ࡜ᙼࡣゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡶࡲࡓ࠿࡞ࡾ᭕᫕࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ୰ᅜࡀඹ
⏘୺⩏࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊඹ⏘ඪࡀࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡶࡎࡗ࡜໭ி࡛⦾ᰤࡋ⥆ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵࡢࡶࡢࡀࠕ᰾ᚰⓗ฼┈ࠖ࡟࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡛ゝ࠺࡜ࠊẸ୺୺⩏࡟࡞ࢁ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ
ࠕ᰾ᚰⓗ฼┈ࠖ࡟཯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲ
ࡍࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ㡿ᅵ࡞࡝ࡶࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࠋᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞⤒῭࣭♫఍Ⓨᒎ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡲ࠿࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡇ
ࢀ࠿ࡽඛࡶࡎࡗ࡜♫఍࣭⤒῭ࡀⓎᒎࡋ⥆ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ࢜ࣇ࢕ࢩࣕࣝ࡞ࢻ࢟
࣓ࣗࣥࢺ࡜࠿ࠊⓑ᭩࡞࡝࡛ࡶ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ⩦㏆ᖹẶࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ᨻᶒ࡛ࡶྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ゝⴥࡀฟ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡀᖹ࿴࡞Ⓨᒎࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡋ࠿ࡋࠕ᰾ᚰⓗ฼┈ࠖ࡜࡞ࢀࡤࠊỴࡋ࡚ࡇࢀࢆㅉࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⩦㏆ᖹẶࡣࠊ᭱㏆࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔㆟఍࡛ヰࢆࡍࡿᶵ఍ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᖖ࡟୰ᅜࡣᖹ࿴ⓗ࡟Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜ゝ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢ୰࡟୰ᅜࡢࠕ᰾ᚰⓗ฼┈ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࢆධࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡣᖹ࿴ⓗ࡟Ⓨᒎࡍࡿࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠕ᰾ᚰⓗ฼┈ࠖࢆ≛≅࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋᑡࡋࢪ࣐ࣞࣥࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࡶ
ࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡶࡋࠕ᰾ᚰⓗ฼┈ࠖࠊࡲࡓࡣᙼࡽࡀ⪃࠼ࡿࠕ᰾ᚰⓗ฼┈ࠖࡀ౵ࡉࢀࡓሙྜࠊ୰ᅜࡣ࡝࠺ࡍࡿ࠿

50

࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࠊࡑ࠺࡞ࡿ࡜ᖹ࿴ⓗ࡞Ⓨᒎ࡜ࠕ᰾ᚰⓗ฼┈ࠖࢆᏲࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᑡࡋࢪ࣐ࣞࣥࡀ࠶ࡿࡼ
࠺࡞Ẽࡀࡋࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡟ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡲࡓ୺ᶒ࡜ᅜᅵࠊࡑࡋ࡚ྎ‴ࡀࠊ୰ᅜࡢࠕ᰾ᚰⓗ฼┈ࠖ࡟㸰㸮㸮㸱ᖺ࠿ࡽ㸰㸮㸮㸳ᖺࡲ࡛ධࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲ
ࡍࡋࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽྎ‴ࠊࢳ࣋ࢵࢺࠊ᪂␩ࡀ㸰㸮㸮㸶ᖺࡢࢻ࣓࢟ࣗࣥࢺ࡟ࡣࠕ᰾ᚰⓗ฼┈ࠖࡔ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ୰ᅜࡢᮾ࣭༡ࢩࢼᾏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᾏὒ୺ᶒࡣ࡝࠺࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ୰ᅜࡣࡇࡢᆅᇦࢆࠕ᰾ᚰ
ⓗ฼┈ࠖ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡀ᰾ᚰⓗ࡞฼┈࡟㛵ಀࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛
ࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡛ࡣࡑ࠺࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ࡜ࠊࡇࡢᆅᇦ࡟␗ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ၥ㢟ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾ
ࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡀᴟ➃࡞᪉⟇ࢆྲྀࡗ࡚ࡶࡇࡢ୺ᙇࢆ㏻ࡍࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡇࢀ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࠊࡲࡔ᭕᫕࡞ࡲࡲ࡛ࡍࠋ୰࡟ࡣࠊࡲࡔ㆟ㄽࡢవᆅࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ேࡶ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜே
ࡢ㛫࡛ࡶࠊᮾ࣭༡ࢩࢼᾏࡢ୺ᙇࡀࠕ᰾ᚰⓗ฼┈ࠖ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢖࢚ࢫ࡜ࡶࣀ࣮࡜ࡶㄡࡶ
ゝࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊពᅗⓗ࡟᭕᫕࡟ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡀヰࡋࡓ୰ᅜࡢᏛ⪅ࡣࠊᬯ㯲ࡢࠕ᰾ᚰⓗ฼┈ࠖ࡞ࡢࡔ࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࡶࡋࡇࢀࢆ᫂☜࡟ࠕ᰾ᚰⓗ฼┈ࠖ࡜ゝࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺
࡜ࠊᙼࡽࡢືࡁ࡜࠿ࠊࡲࡓᡓ␎ⓗ࡟ࡶᰂ㌾ᛶࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞
ࡀࡽࠊỴࡋ࡚ྰᐃࡶࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡶࡋࡇࡇ࡛᫂☜࡟ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜ࠊୡㄽ࠿ࡽࡢ཯ᧁࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡣዲࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡛ࡣࠊ௒ᡃࠎࡀ⪃࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡣࠊ࡞ࡐᙼࡽࡢࡇࡢ㧗ᅽⓗ࡞ែᗘࡀࡇࢇ࡞࡟ᰂ㌾࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࠿࡜
࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ≉࡟ୡ⏺㔠⼥༴ᶵࡢᚋࠊ࡯࠿ࡢᅜ࡟ẚ࡭࡚୰ᅜࡢ࡯࠺ࡀࠊ౛࠼ࡤ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜࠿ඛ㐍ㅖᅜ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ࡼࡾ᪩࠸ᮇ㛫࡛ᅇ᚟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡓࡵࠊ୰ᅜࡢ࠾ࡈࡾ࡜࠸࠸ࡲࡍ࠿ࠊ⊂ၿⓗ࡞ែᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࠿
ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࣃ࣮࣡ࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆ෌ホ౯ࡋࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸
ࡿࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡓࡔࠊࣃ࣮࣡ࣂࣛࣥࢫࡢ෌ホ౯ࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ⚾ࡣ㸯㸮㸮㸣ྜពࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ
࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑ࠺ゝ࠺Ꮫ⪅ࡶ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ⚾ࡣ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜஺΅࡛౑ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ
୰ᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡇࡢᆅᇦࡢᅜࠎࡀࡇࢀࢆཷࡅධࢀࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆぢࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᑡࡋࡎࡘᑠฟࡋ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ
࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ឤࡌࡀ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡢࢻ࣓࢟ࣗࣥࢺࡸ࣮࣌ࣃ࣮࡞࡝ࢆぢࡲࡍ࡜ࠊᙼࡽࡣ୰ᅜࡢ࢔ࢧ
࣮ࢸ࢕ࣈࢿࢫࡣࠊᐇࡣᅜ㜵ࡢࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࡇࡢᆅᇦࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟」㞧໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ≉࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢࣜࣂࣛࣥࢫࡢၥ㢟࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜࡀࡼࡾ㧗ᅽⓗ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ
࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࣞࢵࢻࣛ࢖ࣥࡀ࡝ࡇ࡟࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ࡝ࡇࡲ࡛ࡔࡗࡓࡽ㉺࠼࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࣞࢵࢻࣛ࢖ࣥ
࡞ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊᙉẼ࡟ฟ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ୰ᅜࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࠸ᅜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡼ
ࡾὙ⦎ࡉࢀࡓࠊࡼࡾᡭ㝿ࡢࡼ࠸ᆅᇦᨻ⟇ࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᰂ㌾ᛶ࡟ᐩࢇࡔ࢔ࢧ࣮ࢸ࢕ࣈࢿࢫ࡜
࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ
 ྎ‴ࡢၥ㢟ࡣᡂຌ⿬࡟⟶⌮ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ࡯ࢇ࡜࠺࡟ࡑࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡣࠊࢃ࠿ࡾ
ࡲࡏࢇࠋ୰ᅜࡢእ஺ࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡲࡍ࡜ࠊᗄࡘ࠿ࡢ≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ౛࠼ࡤྎ‴ࡢ⤒῭ⓗ࡞⤫ྜ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡼ
࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࢆゝࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ୰ᅜ࡜ྎ‴ࡢ㛵ಀࡣ᭱㏆ࡼࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊከศྎ‴ࡢ㑅ᣲࡀࡶ࠺ࡍࡄ
࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡣࡇࡢࢱ࢖ࣉࡢᡓ␎ࡣࠊྎ‴ࡢၥ㢟ࢆ⟶⌮ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃୖ࡛
ᡂຌ⿬࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆ౑࠸࡞ࡀࡽࠊ୰ᅜࡢᾏὒ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ୺ᙇࡢၥ㢟ࡶྲྀ51ࡾᢅ࠾࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀ࠿ࡽඛࡢ㏆ࠎࡢᮍ᮶ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ୰ᅜࡢࡇࡢᆅᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⤒῭ᨻ⟇ࡣࠊࡼࡾὙ⦎ࡉࢀࠊࡼࡾ஺΅ࡢవᆅࢆࡶࡕࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡼࡾ᭷┈࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋࡋ࠿
ࡋࠊᾏὒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ୺ᙇ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡶ࠺⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ㌷஦ຊࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ぢࡏࡘࡅ࡚ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜
ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣ⚾ࡢヰࡢࡲ࡜ࡵ࡟࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢ࡯࠺࡛ࡲࡓࡉࡽ࡟ලయ
ⓗ࡟࠾ヰࡋ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࢆᴦࡋࡳ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㸦ᢿᡭ㸧ఀ⸨๛㸦㆟㛗㸧  ࣇ࣮ඛ⏕ࠊ࡝࠺ࡶ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡞࠿࡞࠿࠾ࡶࡋࢁ࠸どⅬ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࣃ࣮࣡ࢆᑐእⓗ࡟ぢࡏࡿ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊ࡝࠺ぢࡏࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ヰ࡛ࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡣࠊ୍᪉࡛᰾ᚰⓗ฼┈ࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࡘࡘࠊᑐእⓗ࡟ࡑࢀࢆ࡝࠺ࡸࡗ࡚ぢࡏࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸
࡚ࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟࠾ࡶࡋࢁ࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᪩㏿ࠊ㉁␲ᛂ⟅࡟ධࡾࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣྖ఍⪅ࡢ❧ሙࢆ฼⏝ࡋ୍࡚ࡘ㉁ၥࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜ
ࡀୡ⏺୍࡛␒ᙉ࠸ࠊせࡍࡿ࡟ぞᶒᅜ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜௬ᐃࡋࡲࡍࠋᡃࠎࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᙉ࠸≧ែࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀぞᶒᅜ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺≧ែ࡟࠶ࡲࡾ࡟ࡶ័ࢀぶࡋࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ୰ᅜࡀぞᶒᅜ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊ୍య࡝ࢇ࡞ᅜ㝿ᨻ἞ࡀᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࠿ࠊࡘࡲࡾぞᶒࡢᛶ㉁㸦TXDOLW\RIKHJHPRQ\㸧ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺㆟ㄽࡣࠊ࠶ࡲࡾࡸࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡘࡲࡾ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢぞᶒ࡟ࡣࠊఱ༑ᖺࡶぶࡋࢇ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ୰ᅜࡀࡶࡋࡶࢼࣥࣂ
࣮࣡ࣥ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊ୍య࡝࠺࠸࠺ᅜ㝿ᨻ἞ࡀฟ⌧ࡍࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡟ᑡࡋ࡛ࡶゐࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀࡤ࠸
࠸࠿࡞࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊ࣮࢜ࢹ࢕࢚ࣥࢫࡢ᪉ࠎ࠿ࡽఱ࠿ࡈ㉁ၥࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡈពぢࠊࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ➼ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡐࡦࡇࡢሙ࡛࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁពぢࢆ㜚ࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡅࢀࡤ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㉁ၥࡢᑐ㇟ࡣࠊ௒Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ࠾୕᪉ࢆ
୰ᚰ࡟ࠊࡏࡗ࠿ࡃ࠸ࡽࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕࡟ࡶ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁពぢࢆఛ࠼ࢀࡤ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡛ࡣࠊᆏᮏඛ⏕ࠋ
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⮬⏤ウ㆟
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ᆏᮏṇᘯ  ⚾ࡢ㉁ၥࡣࠊᘪ㔝ඛ⏕࡛ࡍࡀࠊ㛛㛫ඛ⏕࡟ࡶ㛵ಀࡋࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡀ⪃࠼ࡲࡍࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡢ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡣ☜࠿࡟࠶࡞ࡓࡀ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡿ࡜࠾ࡾࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽⴠࡕ࡚࠸ࡃࠊࡋ࠿ࡋ㸰㸮㸰㸮ᖺࡄࡽ࠸ࡲ࡛ࠊ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸰㸮㸰㸮ᖺࡢᚋࡣᛴ⃭࡟ⴠࡕ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ㏫࡟ࠊ㌷஦ຊࡣࡴࡋࢁ㸰㸮㸰㸮ᖺࡲ࡛ࠊ≉࡟୰ᅜࡀ௒ࡲ࡛ຊࢆධࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸿㹑㹀㹋ࠊ㸿㹑㹁㹋࡞࡝࣑ࢧ࢖ࣝࡸ -㸰㸮ࠊ-㸱㸮࡞࡝ࡢ⯟✵ᶵࠊ᭦࡟ࠊከࡃࡢᾏ㌷රຊ࡛㸴㸮㞘ࡀቑᙉࡉࢀࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࠊ㸰㸮㸰㸮ᖺࡄࡽ࠸ࡲ࡛ࡣࡶࡢࡍࡈࡃᛴ⃭࡟୰ᅜࡢ㌷஦ຊࡀቑ኱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀࠊࡑࡢᚋࡣ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ຊࡀⴠࡕ࡚࠸ࡃࡋࠊ࣓ࣥࢸࢼࣥࢫ࣭ࢥࢫ
ࢺࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ୰ᅜࡢ㌷஦ຊቑᙉࡶ㸰㸮㸰㸮ᖺᚋࡣࡑࢇ࡞ᙉࡃ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ឤࡌࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡓࡔ
ࡋࠊ୰ᅜ㤳⬻㒊ࡣࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࢃ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡴࡋࢁ⮬ศࡢຊࡢ࠶ࡿ㛫࡟ࠊఱ࠿࠸ࢁ࠸
ࢁ࡞ࡇ࡜ࢆࡸࡗ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺⾪ື࡟㥑ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜༴᝹ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢⅬࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟࠾⪃࠼࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ୰ᅜ࡜ࡢ⣮த࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊᡓᚋ㸲ᅇࠊ୰ᅜࡣᡓதࢆࡸࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀ඲㒊ࠊ㒊ศᡓத࡛52ࡍࠋ᪥ᮏࡣ࠿ࡘ࡚ࠊ⏕ࡁࡿ࠿Ṛࡠ࠿ࡢᡓதࡤ࠿ࡾࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ୰ᅜࡣࡑ࠺࠸࠺ᡓதࢆࡸࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ
ᏞᏊࡢරἲࡀࡇࢀࢆᩍ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡸࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡣࢃ࠿ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊఱ࠿ࡑ࠺࠸࠺㒊ศᡓத࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ഛ࠼ࡓࡽ࠸࠸ࡢ࠿ࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡇࢀࡣ㛛㛫ඛ⏕ࡢ㡿ᇦ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ ௨ୖ࡛ࡍࠋ
ఀ⸨๛㸦㆟㛗㸧  ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࠿ࠊ㸯ಶࡎࡘࡸࡿ࠿ࡣ≧ἣࢆぢุ࡚᩿ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ࡛ࡣࠊ‫‮‬ୗඛ⏕ࠋ‫‮‬ୗ༤அ㸦Ẹ㛫እ஺᥎㐍༠఍ᑓົ⌮஦㸧  Ẹ㛫እ஺᥎㐍༠఍ᑓົ⌮஦ࡢ‫‮‬ୗ࡜⏦ࡋࡲࡍࠋእົ┬ࡢ㹍㹀࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ୰ᅜࡢྎ㢌⮬యࡣࡶ࠺㑊ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡓࡔఀ⸨ඛ⏕ࡀ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ
ୡ⏺࡛ࢼࣥࣂ࣮࣡ࣥ࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊࡑࢀࡣࡑ࠺࠿࡞࡜ࡣᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡋࢁ஧ᴟ࡞ࡾࠊࡑ
ࢀ࡞ࡾ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡣ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡀᅔࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿࡝࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶࡑ࠺࡜ࡣゝ࠸ษࢀ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡋࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ୰ᅜࡢゝࡗ࡚ࡳࢀࡤྎ㢌ດຊࡣࠊ࠶ࡿព࿡࡛ࡣ⌮ゎࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ゝࡗ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࡲࡉ࡟㸯㸷ୡ⣖௨᮶ࡢ୰ᅜẸ᪘ࡀ⤒࡚ࡁࡓṔྐ࡜࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸
ࡣ㸰㸮ୡ⣖ᚋ༙௨㝆ࡢ୰ᅜ⮬㌟ࡀࢯ㐃࡜࠿࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓᜍᛧᚰࢆ⪃࠼ࢀࡤࠊ୍✀ࡢᐩᅜᙉරᨻ⟇࡟ᑓᛕࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡶࠊ㸯㸷ୡ⣖ࡢ༙ࡤ࡟ࡲࡉ࡟ㅖእᅜ࠿ࡽ㛤ᅜࢆ㏕ࡽࢀ࡚ࠊ୙ᖹ➼᮲⣙ࢆ⤖ࡪࡣࡵ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ⬺༷ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᐩᅜᙉරᨻ⟇࡟ᑓᛕࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ࠶ࡿព
࿡࡛ࡣఝࡓࡼ࠺࡞࡜ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᪥ᮏࡢሙྜࠊࡑࢀ࡟ᡂຌࡋ࡚ิᙉࡢ௰㛫ධࡾࢆࡋࡓᚋ࡛㐨ࢆㄗࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ⚾ࡣ୰ᅜ࡟ࡘ࠸
࡚ࠊࡲࡉ࡟௒ࡲ࡛ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࡣࢃ࠿ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࡇ࠿ࡽඛࡣ᪥ᮏ࡜ྠࡌ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡣࢃ࠿ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ㐨ࢆㄗࡿࣜࢫࢡࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡋࠊ୰ᅜ⮬㌟࡝ࡇ࡟ྥ࠿࠺࠿ࢃ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀ
࠿ࡽඛࠊ୰ᅜࡀ㐨ࢆㄗࡽ࡞࠸᪉ྥ࡟㐍ࡴࡼ࠺࡟௙ྥࡅࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ࡝࠺ࡋࡓࡽ࠸࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ࡝࡞ࡓ࡟
࠾ఛ࠸ࡋ࡚࠸࠸࠿ࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ౛࠼ࡤຊ㛵ಀࡔࡅ࡛ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠋࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊࡶ
࠺ᑡࡋࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶࡸࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊ୰ᅜࡶ┦ᡭࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁᑐᛂࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࡽࠊ
እᅜࡀࠊୡ⏺ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ാࡁ࠿ࡅࡿ࠿࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜࡢฟ᪉ࡶኚࢃࡿࡇ࡜ࡔࡗ࡚࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑ
ࢀࡸࡇࢀࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࡓࡽ࠸࠸࡜࠾ᛮ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ㉁ၥ࡛ࡍࠋ₍↛࡜ࡋ࡚⏦ࡋࢃࡅ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ
ఀ⸨๛㸦㆟㛗㸧  ‫‮‬ୗඛ⏕ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡛ࡣࠊࡐࡦ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࠾⪃࠼ࡶ࠶ࡿ࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡲࡎࡣࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺࡢ᪉ࠎ࠿ࡽ࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸
ࡲࡍࠋ୍ᛂࠊⓎ⾲ࡢ㡰␒࡛ࠊ㛛㛫ඛ⏕ࠊ࠾㢪࠸࡛ࡁࡲࡍ࠿ࠋ
㛛㛫⌮Ⰻ  ࡈ㉁ၥࢆ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ☜࠿࡟ࡈ㉁ၥ࡟ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡣ㸰㸮㸰㸮ᖺࡲ࡛࡟ⴠࡕ࡚࠸ࡃࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ㌷஦ຊࡣ࠶ࡿ
⛬ᗘቑ኱ࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ⤖ᒁࠊ㌷஦ຊࡢᙉ໬࡟ࡣࢱ࢖࣒ࣛࢢࡀࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊ☜࠿࡟ࡑࢀࡄࡽ࠸ࡲ࡛ࡣࠊ⚾⮬㌟ࡶ୰ᅜࡢ㌷஦ຊࡣୖࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢୖ࡛ࠊ
㸰㸮㸰㸮ᖺࡲ࡛࡟୰ᅜࡀఱ࡜࠿ࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠊ࡝࠺࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ఱ࡜࠿ࡋࡓ࠸ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺

53ࡇ࡜ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾⮬㌟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢఱ࡜࠿ࡋࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺ᙧࡣࠊ᪤࡟࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ࠶ࡽࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ぢ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ༡ࢩࢼᾏࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀࡤࢃ࠿ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᐇຠᨭ㓄ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ᪉ᘧ࡛୰ᅜࡣࠕఱ࡜࠿ࡋࡓ࠸ࠖ
ࢆࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ௒ࡣ༡ࢩࢼᾏ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊᮾࢩࢼᾏࡢ࡯࠺࡛ࡶఱ࡜࠿ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ≉࡟ᑤ㛶࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࡕࡽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⌧≧࡛ࡣࢳࣕ࢖ࢼ࣭ࢥ࣮ࢫࢺ࣭࣮࢞ࢻࠊ୰ᅜᾏ㆙ࡀฟ࡚
ࡃࡿᙧ࡛ࠊ㢖⦾࡟ᑤ㛶ㅖᓥ࿘㎶ࡢᡃࡀᅜ㡿ᾏࢆ౵≢ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ࠊఱ࡜࠿⌧≧ኚ᭦ࢆ≺ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࢁ
࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡶ࠺୍ಶࡢࡈ㉁ၥ࡛ࠊ୰ᅜࡣ௒ࡲ࡛ࡸࡗ࡚ࡁࡓᡓதࡣ඲㒊㒊ศᡓதࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡈᣦ᦬ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡲ
ࡉ࡟ࡑࡢ࡜࠾ࡾࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡣࠊ௒ᚋࡣ࡝࠺࡞ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ヰ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ୰ᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࢆ┦ᡭ࡟ୡ⏺ᡓதࢆ㐍ࡵࡼ࠺࡜⪃࠼࡚ࡣỴࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊ
᰾ᡓຊࡀᅽಽⓗ࡟ຎࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡋࠊ
㌷஦ຊࡢ㏆௦໬ࡀࡲࡔࡲࡔ㏣࠸ࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣࢆ୰ᅜࡣࡼࡃࢃ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋⓙᵝࡶ⪺࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ୰ᅜࡣ௒ᚋྍ⬟ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿᡓதࡢᙧែࡣࠕ᝟ሗ᮲௳ୗࡢᒁ㒊ᡓதࠖࡔ࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜ⮬㌟ࡶࡑࢇ࡞࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᡓ࠸ࢆࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡣᛮࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡑ࠺࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊ࡛ࡣࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࠕ᝟
ሗ᮲௳ୗࡢᒁ㒊ᡓதࠖࢆ࡝ࡢ㎶࡛ᡓ࠺ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊู࡟୰ᅜࡢᮏᅵ࡛ᡓ࠾࠺࡜ࡣ඲↛ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋඛ࡯࡝⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓࡼ࠺࡞ᾏᇦࢆᛕ㢌࡟⨨࠸ࡓᙧ࡛ࠊ୰ᅜࡣࠊࡶࡋࡸࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ⮬ศࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ᭷฼࡞᮲௳ୗ࡛㐍ࡵࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡓࡔࠊࡑࢀࡀᐇ㝿࡟ࡸࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿
ࡣู࡛ࡍࠋ㸰㸮㸰㸮ᖺࡲ࡛࡟ࠊᡓத࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊඛ࡯࡝⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓࡼ࠺࡞ᐇຠᨭ㓄ࢆࡼࡾᙉ໬ࡍ
ࡿ᪉ᘧ࡛ࠕ࡞ࢇ࡜࠿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺ࠖ࡜ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀࠊ⚾ࡢぢ᪉࡛ࡍࠋ
ఀ⸨๛㸦㆟㛗㸧  㛛㛫ඛ⏕ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡛ࡣࠊḟ࡟ᘪ㔝ඛ⏕ࠊ࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡲࡍࠋ
ᘪ㔝ṇᏹ  ᆏᮏඛ⏕ࠊ‫‮‬ୗඛ⏕ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ⚾ࡣࠊ┤᥋ࠊ㌷࡟㛵ࡋ࡚࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶࠊ୰ᅜ㌷ࡢ♫఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣉࣞࢮࣥࢫ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄽᩥࢆᗄࡘ࠿᭩࠸࡚
ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ⌧≧࠿ࡽ⾜ࡃ࡜ࠊ୰ᅜ㌷ࡢ௒ࡢ≧ἣࡣᡓத࡝ࡇࢁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡔ࠿ࡽࡇࡑࠊᡓࡗ࡚຾࡚ࡿ㌷㝲ࢆࡘࡃࢀ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆゝࡗ࡚ࠊⓎ◚ࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀࡀእ࠿ࡽぢࡿ࡜ᣑᙇ୺⩏ⓗ࡟ぢ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀࡼࡾࡶࠊࡼࡾᨵ㠉ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࠊࡼࡾᡓ࠼ࡿ㏆௦ⓗ࡞㌷㝲ࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋࡓ
ࡔࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ࠊ୍㒊ࡢ✺ࡗ㉮ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓேࡀࠊᭀ㉮ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ㉳ࡁࡿ࡜኱ኚ࡞ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ
࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢព࿡࡛ࡣࠊ௒ࡢ㸯␒ࡢ୰ᅜ㌷࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢၥ㢟ࡣở⫋࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᚎᡯཌࡉࢇ࡜࠸࠺㌷ࡢไ᭹ࡢࢺࢵࣉࡀᤕࡲࡗ࡚ࠊ௒ᗘࡣࡶࡋ࠿ࡋࡓࡽ๓ࡢ⬌㘊℀ᨻᶒࡢ࡜ࡁࡢࡶ࠺୍ேࡀᤕࡲࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
㒌఑㞝࡜࠸࠺ேࡶᤕࡲࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࠊࡑࢀ࡝ࡇࢁ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊࡲࡔࡲࡔࠊࡎࡽࡎ
ࡽ࡜ࠊࡇࡢᩘ࢝᭶࡛ᩘ༑ேࡢᑗ㌷ࡀ㐊ᤕࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺≧ἣࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ㸯ࡘࡣở⫋ࡀ῝้ࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡶ࠺㸯ࡘࡣࠊᤕࡲࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᪂ࡋࡃே஦㓄⨨ࢆኚ࠼ࡿࠊ⩦㏆ᖹὶࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸
㌷ࡢே஦ࢆࡘ࠿ࡉ࡝ࡾࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡇࡇᩘᖺࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟୙Ᏻᐃࡔ࠿
ࡽࠊࡔ࠿ࡽᏳ඲࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊࡑࡢព࿡࡛ࡣࠊ୙Ᏻᐃࡔ࠿ࡽࡼࡾᜍࢁࡋ࠸࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࡣᡓ࠼ࡿ≧ἣ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ୰ኸ࡜ᆅ᪉ࡢ㛫ࡢ㈋ᐩࡢ᱁ᕪ࡞࡝ࡢ୰࡛ᭀືࡀ㉳ࡁࡓࡾࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ㙠ᅽ࡟ࡶ㌷ࡸṊ⿦㆙ᐹࡀฟືࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠋ᭱㏆࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢᩘᖺ㛫ࡎࡗ࡜἞Ᏻ⥔ᣢ㈝ࡀ୰ᅜࡢᅜ㜵㈝ࢆୖᅇࡗ

54࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺≧ἣ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㌷஦㈝࡜ᅜ㜵㈝࡜ඪࡢᐉఏࠊࣉࣟࣃ࢞ࣥࢲࠊᩍ⫱࡜࠸࠺㈝⏝ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊ࡜࡚ࡶ࡯࠿ࡢ࡯࠺࡟ࡣ࠾㔠ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾᅇࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋඹ⏘ඪࡢ୍ඪᨭ㓄ࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡓࡵࡔࡅ࡟
ࡑࡇ࡟ࡘࡂ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ࢪ࣐ࣞࣥࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ࠊࡑࢀࡀ᪥ᮏ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ࡯࠿ࡢㅖእᅜ࡟࡝࠺࠸࠺ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࠿࡜⪃࠼ࡲࡍ࡜ࠊูࡢഃ㠃ࠊ౛࠼ࡤᑐእⓗ࡞࢔ࢢࣞࢵࢩࣈ࡞ᙧ࡛ࡢ㐍ฟࡣᐇ㝿࡟࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊࡼࡃゝࢃࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊ
ࠕ┿⌔ࡢ㤳㣭ࡾࠖ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠊ୰ᅜ࿘㎶ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ᗄࡘ࠿ࡢ㌷஦ⓗ࡞ᣐⅬࢆ࡝ࢇ࡝ࢇࡘࡃࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡇࢀࡣูࡢゝ࠸᪉ࢆࡍࢀࡤࠊ
ࠕ୍ᖏ୍㊰ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࢩࣝࢡ࣮ࣟࢻ࡜ᾏࡢࢩࣝࢡ࣮ࣟࢻࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ୰ᅜὶࡢ⤒῭ࡶྵࡵࡓᙧ࡛ࡢᑐእⓗ࡞ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢫࡢᣑ኱ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢព࿡࡛ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡀᡂຌࡍࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡣ
㠀ᖖ࡟ᚤጁ࡞≧ἣ࡟࠶ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ⤒῭ⓗ࡞ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢫࢆᣑ኱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ࡑࡢ୰࡛᪥ᮏ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ࿘㎶ᅜ࡜࡝࠺࠸࠺ᙧࢆࡘࡃࡿ࠿ࠊ༠ຊࢆࡘࡃࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺㠀ᖖ࡟㔜࠸ㄢ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡼࡾ㏱᫂ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿࠊࡑࡋ࡚ඛ࡯࡝⚾ࠊబ⸨ඛ⏕࠿ࡽࡶ࠾ヰࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ⤒῭༠ຊࢆᣑ኱
࡛ࡁࡿ㒊ศࡣࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᨻ἞ⓗ࡞㏱᫂ᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ࡜࠿ࠊἲ἞࡜࠿࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣở⫋ࡢ᦬Ⓨ࡜࠿ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺࡜
ࡇࢁ࡛ࡢ༠ຊࡣ୰ᅜ࡜㐍ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ඲ࡃ୙ྍ⬟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋࡈ㉁ၥ࡟࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟Ẹ㛫እ஺ࡶ㔜せ࡛ࠊࡑࡢព࿡࡛┦஫஺ὶ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣ⥆ࡅ࡚࠾ࡃࠋࡇࡢ㸰㸮ᖺࡄࡽ࠸ࡢ㛫࡛ࠊඛ࡯࡝ᆏᮏඛ⏕ࡢࡈᣦ᦬࡟࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ୰ᅜࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟࠶ࡿ✀㌷஦ຊࢆᣑ኱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺≧ἣࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡋ࡚࿘㎶ㅖᅜ࡜ࡢᦶ᧿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࣂࣛࣥࢫ࢜ࣈࣃ࣮࣡ࡳࡓ࠸࡞≧ἣࡀඛ㗦໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃྍ⬟ᛶࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲ
ࡍࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ௒ࡲࡉ࡟ࡇࡢ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊࣂࣥࢻ࣡ࢦࣥⓗ࡟ྥ࠿࠺ࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࢀ࡜ࡶࣂࣛࣥࢫ࢜ࣈࣃ࣮࣡࡟ྥࡃ
ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࠊ஧⪅ᢥ୍࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡅࢀ࡝ࡶ㑅ᢥ࡟┤㠃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟Ὑ⦎ࡉࢀࡓ᪉ἲ
ࡀࠊእ஺࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᑐእ㛵ಀࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸿㹇㹇㹀ࡢヰࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ᪥ᮏࡀࠊ୰ᅜࡀ୺ᑟ
ࡍࡿ࢔ࢪ࢔࢖ࣥࣇࣛᢞ㈨㖟⾜ࡢࢫ࣮࣒࢟࡟ධࡿ࠿ධࡽ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ࢪ࣐ࣞࣥࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡇࡇࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ
࡛ࡢṇᛕሙࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡄࡽ࠸ࡋ࠿ゝ࠼࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࢀࡀ⚾ࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡛ࡍࠋ
ఀ⸨๛㸦㆟㛗㸧  ᘪ㔝ඛ⏕ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡛ࡣࠊࡐࡦࣇ࣮ඛ⏕ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ⪺ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ࣇ࣮࣭ࢸ࢕࢔࣭ࣥࣈ࣮ࣥ  ㆟㛗ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡎࠊࡍࡤࡽࡋ࠸ࡈ㉁ၥ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ୍యࠊ୰ᅜࡢぞᶒ୺⩏ࡢࢡ࢜ࣜࢸ࢕࣮ࡣ࡝ࢇ࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿࡜࠸
࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟⯆࿡῝࠸㉁ၥ࡛ࡍࠋࡲࡔ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆண

ࡍࡿࡢ࡛㞴ࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡓࡔ⚾ࡀ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢぞᶒ୺⩏ࡀࡍࡤࡽࡋ࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ࡲ࡛ࡣゝ࠺ࡘࡶࡾࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㤶౛࡞࡝ࢆᣲࡆࡿ࡜ࠊ㤶ࡢࡣ࠶ࡲࡾࡼ࠸ẚ㍑࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡶࡋ࠿ࡋࡓࡽ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ୍ᅜ࡛ࠊ୰ᅜ

ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀࡼࡃฟ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ໭ᮅ㩭࡛ࡍࠋ໭ᮅ㩭࡜ࡢ஧࢝ᅜ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀࡣࠊ௒㸯␒ᝏࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ
໭ᮅ㩭ࡣᖖ࡟୰ᅜࡀ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ㐣ᑠホ౯ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸯ࡘࡢ౛࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ୰ᅜࡢぞᶒ୺⩏ࠊࡲࡓࡣ୰ᅜࡀ࡯ࢇ࡜࠺࡟ᙳ㡪ຊࢆูࡢᅜ࡟ฟࡑ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࢇ࡞࡟ࡑࢀࡀ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸ࡃ
ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡛ࡣࠊ࡝࠺ࡸࡗ࡚୰ᅜࡀṇࡋ࠸᪉ྥࢆྥ࠸࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࡓࡽ࠸࠸ࡢ࠿ࠋࡇࢀࡣከࡃࡢᅜ࡟㛵୚ࡍࡿၥ㢟࡛ࡍࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢၥ㢟࡟ࡶ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋẖ᪥ฟ࡚ࡃࡿࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟ࡼࢀ

55ࡤࠊ୰ᅜࢆ㈐௵ࡢ࠶ࡿᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࢫࢸ࣮ࢡ࣭࣍ࣝࢲ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ᑟ࠸࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊఱࢆࡋࡓࡽ࠸࠸ࡢ࠿ࠋ
౛࠼ࡤᅜ㝿ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ୰࡛ࡁࡕࢇ࡜㈐௵ࡢ࠶ࡿࢫࢸ࣮ࢡ࣭࣍ࣝࢲ࣮࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡲࡓ⌧ᅾࡢ᪤Ꮡࡢつ⠊ࢆ㑂Ᏺࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ࡝࠺ࡋࡓࡽ࠸࠸ࡢ࠿ࢆᙼࡽࡣ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ୍య࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘࡲ࡛ࠊ୰ᅜࡀ࡯ࢇ࡜࠺࡟⌧ᅾࡢᆅᇦࠊᅜ㝿⛛ᗎࢆᏲࡿࡘࡶࡾࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ ౛࠼ࡤ୰ᅜࡢ௒ࡢኚ໬ࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࠊ⤒῭ࡀ㸯ࡘࡢ㔜せ࡞ࣇ࢓ࢡࢱ࣮࡟࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ๓ᅇࠊ୰ᅜࡀ኱
ࡁ࡞᪉ྥ㌿᥮ࢆࡋࡓࡢࡣ㸵㸶ᖺ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ㒭ᑠᖹẶࡀእ஺ࡶྵࡵࡓᙧ࡛㛤ᨺᨻ⟇ࢆ࡜ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ
ᨻ⟇ࡀ୰ᅜࡢᅜẸ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚Ỵࡋ࡚ࡼ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠊ⏕άỈ‽ࢆୖࡆࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊࡔ࠿ࡽࡇࡑᨵ㠉㛤ᨺࢆࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊඹ⏘ඪ࡜ࡋ࡚㈨ᮏᕷሙⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࢆྲྀࡾධࢀጞࡵࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢ
ᙜ᫬ࠊᙼࡀ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽࡸࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㒭ᑠᖹẶࡣẟἑᮾẶࢆᢈุࡋࡓࡾࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛
ࡍࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ㈨㉁࡟ࡶࡼࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㠀ᖖ࡟ࣘࢽ࣮ࢡ࡛ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࣉࣛࢢ࣐ࢸ࢕ࢵࢡ࡞ே࡛࠶
ࡗࡓࠋ⬌㘊℀ẶࡸỤἑẸẶࡣࠊỤἑẸẶࡣࡍࡄࡢᚋ⥅⪅࡟࡞ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᙼࡣ㒭ᑠᖹẶࡢࣞ࢞ࢩ࣮ࢆ
ࡑࡢࡲࡲᘬࡁ⥅࠸ࡔࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࡯ࢇ࡜࠺࡟ࡑࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀࣉࣛࢢ࣐ࢸ࢕ࢵࢡ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟
ࡶࡼࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡢ⤒῭ࡀࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽඛࠊᛴ㏿࡟ᔂቯࡍࡿࠊ౛࠼ࡤ㛫㐪ࡗࡓពᛮỴᐃࢆࡋ࡚ࣜࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ࡟㝗ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡽࠊ୰ᅜᨻᗓࡣ඲ࡃูࡢᡓ␎ⓗ࡞࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠊ᪉ྥᛶࢆ㑅ࡪྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⚾ࡣᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ఀ⸨๛㸦㆟㛗㸧  ࣇ࣮ඛ⏕ࠊ࡝࠺ࡶ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡛ࡣࠊ࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡲࡍࠋ
▼㒓ᒸᘓ㸦ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺ㸧  ⚾ࡣࠊࣟࢩ࢔◊✲ࡢ࡯࠺࡛ࠊ୰ᅜࡢࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⣲ே࡞ࡢ࡛⣲ேࡗࡱ
࠸㉁ၥࢆࡋࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ࡉࢇࡣ୰ᅜࡢྎ㢌ࡣ᪥ᮏ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡼࡃ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ࠾ࡗࡋ
ࡷࡗ࡚ࠊせࡍࡿ࡟୰ᅜࡣ⬣ጾ࡜࠸࠺ࠊ⬣ጾㄽࢆ➨Ϩࢭࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ⚾ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟ᙉࡃឤࡌࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢ➨ϩࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ࡟ධࡗࡓࡽࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ୰ᅜ◊✲⪅ࡢ᪉ࡣࡳ࡞ᜍࢀࡿᚲせࡣ࡞࠸࡜ࠋ⤒῭ࡶ኱ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸࡜
࠸࠺ヰࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ⚾࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ࡝ࡕࡽ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ࠿࡜࠸࠺㉁ၥ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡶ࠺୍ࡘࠊఀ⸨ඛ⏕ࡀࠊ୰ᅜࡀぞᶒᅜ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ࡝࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࠿࡜ࡢ㉁ၥࢆᥦ㉳ࡉࢀࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣ࠾୕᪉ࡢ୺ᙇ࡜ࡣ඲ࡃ㐪࠺ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ࠋぞᶒᅜ࡟ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺๓ᥦ࡛࠾ヰࡋࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ឤࡌࡀࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ୰ᅜࡣ
ぞᶒᅜ࡟࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ㸱ࡘ┠࡛ࡍࡀࠊ⤖ᒁࠊ୰ᅜࡣࡇࡢࡲࡲ⤒῭ࡀⴠࡕࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ
᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡣࠊ࠸ࡘ࠿࡝ࡇ࠿࡛࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ⤒῭࡟㏣࠸ࡘࡃ᫬ᮇࡀ᮶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ᮶ࡓሙྜࠊぞᶒᅜ࡟࡞ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡣู࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᅜ㝿㛵ಀࡣ࡝࠺࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ୰ᅜࡀୡ⏺୍ࡢ⤒῭࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣ
チࡍࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ⚾ࡣチࡉ࡞࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࠸࠿ࡀ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ࡉࢇ࡟ࡶ
⪺ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ఀ⸨๛㸦㆟㛗㸧  ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡛ࡣࡶ࠺୍ேࠊᒣ㔝ඛ⏕ࠋᒣ㔝㝧୍㸦᪥❧〇సᡤႠᴗ⤫ᣓᮏ㒊ᡓ␎ࢧ࣏࣮ࢺᮏ㒊㛗㸧  ᪥❧〇సᡤࡢᒣ㔝࡜⏦ࡋࡲࡍࠋᅜ㝿㛵ಀࢆ୺࡟ᢸᙜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪅࡛ࡍࠋ⚾࠿ࡽࡣࠊඛ࡯࡝ᘪ㔝◊✲ဨ࡜ࠊࣉࣟࣇ࢙ࢵࢧ࣮࣭ࣇ࣮࣭ࢸ࢕࢔࣭ࣥࣈ࣮ࣥࡉ
ࢇࡀ࠾ヰࡋࡉࢀࡓᩥ⬦ࡢ୰࡛ࠊ୰ᅜࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᅜ㝿ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ୰࡟఩⨨࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡅࡿࡢ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺

56ὶࢀࡢ࠾ヰࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࣅࢪࢿࢫ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⤒῭ࡢほⅬ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛ゝ࠸ࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ
ᴟࡵ࡚㹐㹁㹃㹎ࡀ኱ኚ㔜せ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ぢ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ≉࡟ࣇ࣮࣭ࢸ࢕࢔࣭ࣥࣈ࣮ࣥᩍᤵ࡟࠾
⪺ࡁࡋࡓ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ㸰Ⅼࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㸯Ⅼ┠ࡣࠊࡲࡎ㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌ࡢ࣮࢜ࢺࣀ࣑࣮ࡀ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘฟ࡚ࡃࡿࡢ࠿࡜
࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡍࠋᩘᖺ๓࡟ࠊࡓࡋ࠿࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࢔ࡀ㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌ࡢ㆟㛗ᅜࢆࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊ୰ᅜࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ࠿࡞ࡾ࠶ࡗࡓ୰࡛ࠊṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽඹྠࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣࢆ᥇ᢥ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ᫬ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ࣑࣐࣮ࣕࣥ➼࡟㆟㛗ᅜࡀ࠿ࢃࡗ࡚࠿ࡽࠊ㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌࡟ࡲࡓ࠿࡞ࡾ࣮࢜ࢺࣀ࣑࣮ࡀฟ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺
࡞㠃ࡶฟ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟࢘࢜ࢵࢳࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋඛ࡯࡝ࠊࡓࡋ࠿ࣇ࣮࣭ࢸ࢕࢔࣭ࣥࣈ࣮ࣥඛ⏕ࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥ࡟ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊᐇ㝿࡟୰ᅜࡀ⮬ࡽࡢ࣑ࣜࢵࢺࢆ࡝ࡇࡲ࡛ࢹࣇ࢓ࢡࢺࡢ୰࡛ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿ࢆぢࡿどⅬ࡛ࠊᾏὒࡢぞᶒ࡞࡝࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ၥ㢟ࡢ୰࡛ࠊ㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌⮬㌟ࡣྛᅜࡀ୰ᅜ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡇ
ࢁ࡜ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢥࣥࣇࣜࢡࢺࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡜ࡑࢀࡒࢀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ$6($1 ࡀ඲య࡜ࡋ࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣮࢜ࢺࣀ
࣑࣮ࢆ௒ᚋᣢࡕ⥆ࡅࡽࢀࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺Ⅼࡀࠊᡃࠎ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ኱ኚ㛵ᚰࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࣇ࣮࣭
ࢸ࢕࢔࣭ࣥࣈ࣮ࣥᩍᤵࡢぢゎࢆ࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ఀ⸨๛㸦㆟㛗㸧  ᒣ㔝ඛ⏕ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ  ࡛ࡣࠊᇼཱྀ኱౑ࠋ
ᇼཱྀᯇᇛ㸦᪥ᮏ኱Ꮫᐈဨᩍᤵ㸧    ᪥ᮏ኱Ꮫ࡛ᩍ࠼࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍᇼཱྀ࡜⏦ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ඛ࡯࡝ࡢ㉁ၥ⪅ࡢ᪉ࡀࡈᣦ᦬࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㛛㛫ඛ⏕ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᘪ㔝ඛ⏕ࡢ୰ᅜࡢᑗ᮶࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
ࡢぢ㏻ࡋࡣࠊࡍࡄࡑ࠺࠸࠺≧ἣࡀ᮶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠾ヰࡋ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࡣỴࡋ࡚࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ
௚᪉࡛ࠊ๓ࡢࢭࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ࠾ヰࡀࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ୰ᅜࡀ࡝࠺࠸࠺ぞᶒࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊ୰ᅜ⮬㌟ࡶࡲࡔࢃ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺࠾ヰࡀࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ≉࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀᡓᚋ㸵㸮ᖺ㛫࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚࣊ࢤࣔࢽ࣮ࢆⓎ᥹ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡣࠊ➨஧ḟ኱ᡓ࡛຾ࡕṧࡗࡓࠊ၏୍ࠊ↓യ࡛㇏࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜࠸࠺
ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡟ࡶ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡶࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢࡶࡢࢆ୚࠼࡞ࡀࡽ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ⌮ᛕࢆఏ࠼࡚࠸ࡗࡓ࡜ᛮ
࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀࠊ୰ᅜࡣ⌧ᅾࠊ౛࠼ࡤᮾኴᖹὒ࡟࠾ࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᮾࢩࢼᾏࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ༡ࢩࢼᾏ࡛ࡶ࡝
ࡕࡽ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࡴࡋࢁ┦ᡭࡢࡶࡢࢆྲྀࡗ࡚ࡸࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺ഴྥࡀᙉࡃࠊ⮬ศࡢ࡯࠺࠿ࡽࡸࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺࡜ࡇࢁ
ࡣࠊ࡞࠿࡞࠿ฟ࡚ࡇ࡞࠸ࠋ࢔ࢪ࢔࢖ࣥࣇࣛ㖟⾜ࡶࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ⾜ࡁワࡲࡾࡀぢ࠼࡚ࡁࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ⤒῭ࡢ୰࡛୰ᅜࡢᚓព࡜ࡍࡿ࢖ࣥࣇࣛࢆ࢔ࢪ࢔ㅖᅜ࡟኎ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ⤒῭ࡢఙࡧࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ
࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ぢ᪉ࡶྍ⬟ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࠊ୰ᅜࡢぞᶒ࡟ࡘࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕ὶࡢࣜ࢔ࣜࢬ࣒࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࠿ࡽぢࡓሙྜ࡜ࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࣇ࣮࣭ࢸ࢕࢔࣭ࣥࣈ࣮ࣥඛ⏕ࡀࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝ࡜࠸࠺❧ሙ࠿ࡽぢࡓࠊ୰ᅜࡢ≺࠸࡜ࡍࡿぞᶒࡣ࡝࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟㛵ᚰࡀࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ≉࡟⚾ࡀಶேⓗ࡟㠀ᖖ࡟Ẽ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾
ࡾࡲࡍࡢࡣࠊ༡ࢩࢼᾏ࡛୰ᅜࡀ࡝ࢇ࡝ࢇ࣮ࣜࣇࢆᇙࡵ❧࡚࡚࢚ࣛࣥ࢘࢖࡞࡝ࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࠶ࢀࡣ
⤖ᒁ୰ᅜࡢࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ឤࡌࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜࡀࡔࢇࡔࢇ㐍ࡵࡘࡘ࠶ࡿᐇຠⓗᨭ㓄࡜ࠊ୰ᅜࡀ≺࠸࡜ࡍࡿぞᶒ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࡛ࡁࢀࡤ㛛㛫ඛ⏕ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᘪ㔝ඛ⏕࡜ࠊࣇ࣮࣭ࢸ࢕࢔ࣥඛ⏕ࡢ࠾ヰࢆ࠾ఛ࠸࡛ࡁࢀࡤ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ఀ⸨๛㸦㆟㛗㸧  ࡛ࡣࠊṧࡉࢀࡓ᫬㛫ࡣ⣙㸯㸮ศ࠿㸯㸳ศࡄࡽ࠸࡛ࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡲࡎࡣࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺ࠿ࡽ⡆༢57࡞ᅇ⟅ࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀࡤ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㡰␒ࢆ㏫࡟ࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࣇ࣮࣭ࢸ࢕࢔ࣥࡉࢇࠋ
ࣇ࣮࣭ࢸ࢕࢔࣭ࣥࣈ࣮ࣥ  ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡍࡤࡽࡋ࠸㉁ၥࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠶ࡿ≉ᐃࡢ㉁ၥ
࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢ࠾⟅࠼࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࡀࠊ⚾ࡀ௒⪃࠼ࡿ࡞ࡾࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡝࡞ࡓ࠿ࡀゝࡗࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜࢆᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞యไࡢ୰࡛࡝࠺఩⨨࡙ࡅࡿ࠿ࠋ୰ᅜࡣ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞᪂ࡋ࠸
ᆅᇦⓗ࡞ᯟ⤌ࡳࠊ౛࠼ࡤ㹐㹁㹃㹎࡜࠿㸿㹇㹇㹀࡞࡝ࢆᥦ᱌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪂ࡋ࠸ᾏὒࠊࢩࣝࢡ࣮ࣟࢻࡢヰࡶࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ㹄㹒㸿ࢆ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦ඲ᇦ࡛ࡸࢁ࠺ࠊ㹄㹒㸿㸿㹎ࢆࡸࢁ࠺࡞࡝࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍ
ࡀࠊ୰ᅜࡀⓎゝຊࢆ㧗ࡵࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ☜࠿ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ᵓ㐀ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࢔ࢪ࢔఍㆟࡜࠿ࠊࡑࡢ௚᪤Ꮡࡢᵓ㐀ࡣ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᙼࡽ࠿ࡽぢࡿ࡜ⓎゝຊࢆពᛮỴᐃ࡛ᢚ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡣ
࡞࠸࠿ࠊᨵ㠉ࡢ࣮࣌ࢫࡣ୙‶㊊ࡔ࡜ࠋ᪤Ꮡࡢᵓ㐀࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࠊ୰ᅜࡀ⾜౑࡛ࡁࡿᙳ㡪ຊࡀ㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࡣ
࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺୙‶ࡀ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡼࡾ኱ࡁ࡞ᣦᑟຊࢆࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸୰ᅜࡀࡳࡎ࠿ࡽᥦ᱌ࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿᵓ㐀ࡢ୰࡛࡜ࢁ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡣᑗ᮶ⓗ࡟ࡶ⥆ࡃഴྥࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘ㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌ࡀ⮬❧ᛶࢆಖ࡚ࡿ࠿ࠊ୰ᅜࡢᅽຊࡀ㧗ࡲࡿ୰࡛ࡢ㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌ࡢ⮬❧ᛶ࡜୰ᚰᛶ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡀࠊ㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌ㅖᅜࡀࠊࡶࡕࢁࢇ඲㒊࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ୍⯡ⓗ࡟ゝࡗ࡚ࠊ⡿ᅜࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢫ
ࡀᮾ༡࢔ࢪ࢔࡛ቑ኱ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆḼ㏄ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊከࡃࡢ㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌ࡢᨻ⟇❧᱌⪅ࡢᠱᛕ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ㍈㊊ࡢ⛣ືࡀ࡯ࢇ࡜࠺࡟⥔ᣢ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺
࡜ࠊྠࡌ㉁ၥࢆࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࡯ࢇ࡜࠺࡟ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡛ࡍ࠿࡜ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟㍈㊊ࢆ⛣ࡍ࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ
⥆ࡁࡲࡍ࠿࡜ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸⤒῭ၥ㢟࡜࠿࡯࠿ࡢၥ㢟ࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿ࡜┠ࡀኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡍ࠿ࠊᮾ༡
࢔ࢪ࢔ࠊ㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㛵ᚰࡀῶࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡍ࠿࡜ࠊᚰ㓄ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡲࡓྠ᫬࡟ࠊࡑࡢ
㎶ࢆ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟᫂☜࡟ࡣࡋࡓࡃ࡞࠸ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟ࡶ࠶࠿ࡽࡉࡲ࡟ࡸࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜ࠊ୰ᅜࡢ཯ឤࢆ㈙ࡗ
࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌ࡣᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࠊ୰ᅜࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽゝ࠺࡜ࠊᡓ␎࡜ࡋ࡚᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡟ゝࡗ࡚ࠊ㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌ㅖᅜ࡜࢚ࣥࢤ࣮ࢪࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࠊࡑࢀࡶ஧࢝ᅜ㛫࡛ࣂ࢖࡛ࡸࢁ࠺
࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇከᅜ㛫ࡢ㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌඲యࡢάື࡟ࡣ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ㛵୚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ
࡝࠺ࡶࣂ࢖࡛ࡸࢀࡤ࡝ࢇ࡝ࢇ୰ᅜࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡲࡓ୰ᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌ࡢ୰࡛ࡶࡼࡾᙳ㡪ຊࡢ኱ࡁ࠸࡜ࡇࢁ࡟ࣇ࢛࣮࢝ࢫࢆ⨨࠸࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࢖
ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔࡜࣐࣮ࣞࢩ࢔࡜࠸࠺㸰࢝ᅜ࡟ࣇ࢛࣮࢝ࢫࢆᙜ࡚࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⩦㏆ᖹࡀᮾ༡࢔ࢪ࢔࡟බᘧゼၥࢆ᭱ึ࡟ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊ࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔࡜࣐࣮ࣞࢩ࢔ࢆཤᖺ㑅ࢇࡔࢃࡅ࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡣഅ↛࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡍࠋ࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ
࢔࡟ࡲࡎ⾜ࡇ࠺࡜ᛮࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔ࡣゝࡗ࡚ࡳࢀࡤ㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌ࡢ୰࡛ࣅࢵࢢࣈࣛࢨ࣮࡛ࡍࡢ
࡛ࠊ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽ୰ᅜࡀᙉຊ࡞㛵ಀࢆ࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔࡜ᡴࡕ❧࡚ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᚋ࡟⥆࠸࡚㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌඲య࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡶᨵၿࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࣇ࢕ࣜࣆࣥ࡜࠿࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ࡣ୰ᅜ࡜࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ
࡞ၥ㢟ࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌ࡢ࡯࠿ࡢᅜࡣᵝᏊぢࠊ୰❧ⓗ࡞ឤࡌࠊࡲࡓࡣỴࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ឤࡌ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡀ୰ᅜࡢែᗘ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ୰ᅜࡢぞᶒࡀࠊࡇࡢᚋ࡝࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡿ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛ࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡜ኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜
ゝ࠼ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢ୺ᙇࡶࠊ✺↛㣕㌍ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᚎࠎ࡟ኚ࠼࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ࡸࡾ᪉ࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ
࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡣ୰ᅜࡣࡇࢀࢆぞᶒ࡜ࡣࡳ࡞ࡉ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡳࡎ࠿ࡽࢆ㜵⾨ࡍࡿᶒ58฼ࠊࡘࡲࡾ୰ᅜࡢ㡿ᅵࢆᏲࡿᶒ฼ࡔ࡜ᤊ࠼ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽ୰ᅜࡢྎ㢌࡜࠸࠺୰࡛࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞⾲⌧ࢆࡍࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡲࡎ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡣࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ⥆ࡃࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡣ㸯㸮㸣ࠊ᭱㏆ࡣᑡࡋ㕌໬ࡋ࡚㸵㸳㸣ࡢᡂ㛗⋡ࠊࡲࡓࡣ㸶㸣ࡄࡽ࠸࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋ㸵㸣࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࡇ
ࢀࡀࢽ࣮ࣗࣀ࣮࣐࡛ࣝࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ᡂ㛗࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㸯㸮ᖺᚋ࡟ࡣ୕ࠊᅄ㸣࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ
ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶᡂ㛗ࡣࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ୰ᅜࡀᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞ᙧ࡛ᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡣࡑࡢࡲࡲ⥆ࡃ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᅜෆᾘ㈝࡟㞟୰ࢆࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊ㍺ฟ࡟௒ࡣ㔜ࡁࢆ࠶ࡲࡾ⨨࠸࡚ࡣ࠾ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇࡢᡓ
␎ࡣ௒ᚋ࡝࠺࡞ࡿࡢ࠿ࢃ࠿ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡋࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⤒῭ᙳ㡪ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࢃ࠿ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ
ࡶ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡃ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ఀ⸨๛㸦㆟㛗㸧  ᘪ㔝ඛ⏕ࠊ࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡲࡍࠋ
ᘪ㔝ṇᏹ  ୰ᅜࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ぞᶒᅜ࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ࠊ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠿ࠋࡑࡢព࿡࡛ࡣ୰ᅜࡣぞᶒᅜ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ
࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡓࡔࡑࡢ࡜ࡁ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ぞᶒᅜ࡟࡞ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᑐ୰ࡢ❧ሙ࡜ࡋ࡚㔜せ࡞ࡢࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸰㸮㸰㸮ᖺࡄࡽ࠸ࡲ࡛ࠊඛ࡯࡝ᆏᮏඛ⏕ࡢ㉁ၥ࡟࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡢࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࡀ㕌໬ࡋ࡚ࡶ୰ᅜࡢᡂ㛗ࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡅࡤࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࢆ㏣࠸㉺ࡍ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ
࣐ࢫ࡛ࡣ㏣࠸㉺ࡉ࡞࠸࡜ࠊ୰ᅜ⮬యࡢᅜෆⓗ࡞≧ἣࡀࠊࡼࡾ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࠿࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ
࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㸯ேᙜࡓࡾࡢࠊ㸯㸱൨ேࡢேཱྀ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ㸯൨ࠊ㸰൨ࡢ᪥ᮏࡸ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡝ࡇࢁࡢヰ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ
࣐ࢫ࡛ࡣ㏣࠸㉺ࡉࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠋࡓࡔࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᅜෆၥ㢟࡜⬤ᙅᛶࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ୰࡛ࡣࠊࡼࡾ✜೺࡞ᨻ⟇ࢆ࡜ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌ㅖᅜ࡜༠ຊࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛ࠊࡑࡢព
࿡࡛ࡣ౛࠼ࡤ࢖ࣥࢻ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ༡࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢᅜࠊ୰ኸ࢔ࢪ࢔ࠊ༡⡿ࠊ୰⡿࡜ࠊ୰ᅜࡣ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞࡜ࡇࢁ࡟ᙳ㡪ຊࢆ⾜౑ࡋ࡚ࠊ౛࠼ࡤ୰༡⡿࡜ࡢ㛫࡛ࡶ୰༡⡿࡜୰ᅜࡢࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࠊ୰ኸ࢔ࢪ࢔࡛㹑㹁㹍ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ࢔ࣇ
ࣜ࢝࡜୰ᅜࡢ༠ຊࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࣐ࣝࢳࡢ༠ຊࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆࡘࡃࢁ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑ
࠺ࡋࡓᙧ࡛ࡣẚ㍑ⓗୡ⏺࡟Ḽ㏄ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆぞᶒⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾ࡜࿧ࡪ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡣู࡜ࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࡑ࠺࠸
࠺ព࿡࡛ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ຊࢆୡ⏺ⓗ࡟⾜౑ࡋࠊୡ⏺୍࡟ࡣ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡑࡢ୰࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏࡶࡑ࠺࠸࠺ᅜ࡜ࡣࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࢆࣂ࢖࡛ࡸࡗࡓࡾ࣐ࣝࢳ࡛ࡸࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ⤒῭㠃࡛ࡶࣂࣛࣥࢫ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊࣂࣛࣥࢫ࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸࠸࠿ࢃ࠿ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ࠶ࡿ✀ࠊ୰ᅜࡢ୍ே຾ࡕ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚
ࡑࡢ୰࡛࠸࠿࡟᪥ᮏࡶ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢᙳ㡪ຊࢆ⾜౑࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࠊ✚ᴟⓗ࡞እ஺ࡶᒎ㛤ࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞
࠸ࡋࠊࡑࡢព࿡࡛ࡣ౛࠼ࡤ᪂ᖿ⥺ࢆୡ⏺୰࡟኎ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠿ࠊ࢖ࣥࣇࣛ⥙ࢆࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠿ࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞
ࢫ࣮࣒࢟ࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋࡊࡗࡃࡾ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡟⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ఀ⸨๛㸦㆟㛗㸧  ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡛ࡣࠊ㛛㛫ඛ⏕ࠊ࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡲࡍࠋ
㛛㛫⌮Ⰻ  ࡲࡎࠊఀ⸨ඛ⏕ࡢࡈ㉁ၥ࡜ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡿ㒊ศ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧࡢぞᶒᅜ࡟୰ᅜࡣ࡞
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜Ṕྐ◊✲⪅࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡢṔྐࢆぢࡿ࡜ࠊྠ┕ࢆ⤖ࢇ࡛ຊࢆ⵳࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡼ࠺࡞࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᆺࡢ኱ᅜ࡟ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇぞᶒᅜ࡟࡞ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ⤒῭ࡀࡇࡢࡲࡲ㐍ᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺᮲௳ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࢆࢡࣜ࢔ࡋࡓୖ࡛ࡢヰ࡛ࡍ59ࡀࠊ୰ᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ⤒῭ຊ࡜㌷஦ຊ࡜࠸ࡗࡓᡭẁࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ࿘㎶ࡢᅜࠎࢆᢲࡉ࠼ࠊᙳ㡪ຊࢆ⾜౑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺
࡜ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋࡇࢀࡀ⚾ࡢ⡆༢࡞ぢ❧࡚࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡑࡢⅬ࡛ゝ࠺࡜ࠊඛࡢࢭࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥబ⸨ඛ⏕ࡀᮅ㈉ᅜ࡜᐀୺ᅜࡢ㛵ಀ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞࠾ヰࢆࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ࢖࣓࣮ࢪⓗ࡟ࡣࡑࢀ࡟㏆࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ୰ᅜ⮬㌟ࠊᇼཱྀඛ⏕ࡀ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ぞᶒࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊࡲ
ࡔ⮬ศࡓࡕ࡛ࡶࡼࡃࢃ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ᪉ྥ࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊ▼㒓ᒸඛ⏕ࡢࡈ㉁ၥ࡟ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ୰ᅜࡣᯝࡓࡋ࡚⬣ጾ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊ⬣ጾ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿࡜࠸
࠺࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ⚾ࡣࠊ⬣ጾ࡛࠶ࡾ⬣ጾ࡛࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ぢ᪉ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶṇࡋࡃᜍࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡝࠺࠸࠺Ⅼࢆᜍࢀࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊ୰ᅜࡀ᪥ᮏࡼࡾࡶඃࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿⅬ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀࡣ᰾ᡓຊࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡑࢀ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࡑࡢ㐠ᦙᡭẁ࡛࠶ࡿࣟࢣࢵࢺ࡞࡝ࡢ⬟ຊࡣ㧗࠸࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣᏱᐂᡓຊ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ㒊ศ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࢧ࢖ࣂ࣮ᡓ⬟ຊ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡇ
ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㒊ศࢆ୰ᅜࡣ࠿࡞ࡾ㔜どࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏࡣఱ࡜࠿ᑐฎࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࢀ࡜࡜ࡶ
࡟ᮾࢩࢼᾏ࡞࡝ࡢၥ㢟࡛ゝ࠸ࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ⌧≧࡛୰ᅜࡀ᪥ᮏ࠿ࡽᑤ㛶ࢆዣ࠸ྲྀࢀࡿ࡜ࡣ⚾ࡶᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ
࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜᾏ㌷ࣇࣜࢤ࣮ࢺ࡟ࡼࡿⅆჾ⟶ไ࣮ࣞࢲ࣮↷ᑕ஦᱌࡞࡝ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡋࠊ
୰ᅜ✵㌷ᡓ㜚ᶵࡀᡃࡀ᪉ࡢᾏୖ⮬⾨㝲ᶵࡸ⯟✵⮬⾨㝲ᶵ࡟␗ᖖ᥋㏆ࡋࡓ஦᱌ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞୰
࡛⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊ୙ࡢ஦ែࡢⓎ⏕࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓࡽᅔࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊඛ⯡ࡢ᪥୰㤳⬻఍ㄯࡸࠊࡑࡢ๓ࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡢ㸲㡯┠ྜពࡢ୰࡟࠶ࡗࡓ༴ᶵ⟶⌮࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆࠊࡁࡕࢇ࡜ᐇົ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝヰࡋྜࡗ࡚ᵓ⠏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊࣇ࣮࣭ࢸ࢕࢔࣭ࣥࣈ࣮ࣥඛ⏕ࡢࡈᣦ᦬ࡢ୰࡟ࠊ࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᨵၿࢆ୰ᅜࡀ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࠋ☜࠿࡟ࡑ࠺ࡔࢁ࠺࡞࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛ࠊ஧ᅜ㛫㛵ಀ࠿ࡽᡴ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࡣ୰ᅜࡢᚓព࡞㠃࡛ࠊࡇࢃࡶ࡚ࡢ㒊ศ࡜ࡸࢃࡽ࠿࠸㒊ศ࡜୧᪉஺஫࡟ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ୧᪉୍㐢࡟ฟࡍࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡶ
≉࡟ࣇ࢕ࣜࣆࣥࡢ஦౛࡞࡝ࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜᫂ࡽ࠿ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ୰࡛࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ௒ᗘࡼࡃࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊඛ࡯࡝ࡢࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢ୰࡛࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡢヰࡶࠊࢹࣅࢵࢻ࣭࢛࢘ࣝࢺࣥඛ⏕ࡀࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡢᏳ඲ಖ㞀࡟࠿࡞ࡾᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚ࡃࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࡞࡜ࠋࡑ
ࡢ㎶ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࡣᚋ࡛࠾ヰࢆ⪺࠿ࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀࡤ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ௨ୖ࡛ࡍࠋ
ఀ⸨๛㸦㆟㛗㸧  㛛㛫ඛ⏕ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡛ࡣࠊࡐࡦ᭱ᚋ࡟࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕ࠊఱ࠿୍ゝ࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀࡤ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ࢪ࣭࣑ࣙࣥ࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮  㸲ࡘ㉁ၥࢆ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᭱ึ࡟ࠊඛ࡯࡝࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࡛
ࡍࡀࠊ୰ᅜࡀྎ㢌ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ኱๓ᥦ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺࠾ヰࡔࡗࡓ࡜ࠋᚋ༙ࡢ࡯࠺ࡣࠊ୰ᅜ
ࡣࡑࢀ࡯࡝࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ࢺ࣮ࣥࡔࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ๓༙ࡣ
ࡑ࠺ࡔࡗࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ᥎

࡜ࡋ࡚௒ᚋྎ㢌ࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺๓ᥦ࡛ヰࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ㸰ࡘ␲ၥࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㸯ࡘࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡀྎ㢌ࡍࡿࡢ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡜ࠊࡶࡋྎ㢌ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡑࢀࡣ
ᖹ࿴ⓗ࡞ྎ㢌࡞ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺㉁ၥ࡜࠸࠺ࠊ㸰ẁ㝵ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ๓༙ࡢࢭࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡣྎ㢌ࢆ⥆ࡅࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺๓ᥦ࡛ヰࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡣᕼᮃⓗほ60࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࡋ࡞࠸࡯࠺ࡀ࠸࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ

࠿ࡽࡶࡋ㸵㸣ࡢᡂ㛗⋡ࢆẖᖺᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡶ࠺ࢦࣜ࢔ࢸࡢࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࡡࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟㧗࠸ᡂ㛗⋡࡛ࡍࠋ 㸰ࡘ┠ࡢ㉁ၥࡣࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣ୰ᅜࡢ⤒῭ⓗ࡞ྎ㢌ࢆチᐜࡍࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋࡶ࠺࡞ࡍࡍ࡭ࡀ࠶ࡾ
ࡲࡏࢇࡡࠋ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢ➨୍ḟ኱ᡓࡢ๓ࡢ≧ἣࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࣉࣟࢩ࢔ࡀ㸯㸶㸵㸮ᖺ࡟ࢻ࢖ࢶ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࡑࡢ࡜ࡁ࡟ึࡵ࡚ࢻ࢖ࢶࡀ⤫୍ࡉࢀࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ㸯㸶㸵㸮ᖺ࠿ࡽ㸯㸷㸯㸲ᖺࡲ࡛ࡣࢻ࢖ࢶࡀྎ㢌ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ
࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡣࡑࢀࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ㸯㸶㸵㸮ᖺࠊୡ⏺୍࡛␒⤒῭ⓗ࡟኱ᅜࡔࡗࡓࡢࡀ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡛ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࢻ
࢖ࢶࡀྎ㢌ࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࢆఱ࡜࠿⤒῭ⓗ࡟ྎ㢌ࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟㜼Ṇࡍࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ⤖ㄽ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ
࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡶྠࡌࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡣ࡯࠿࡟ࡶ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞࢜ࣉࢩࣙࣥࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ࠿ࡽࠊࡑࢇ࡞
ࡇ࡜ࢆࡍࢀࡤࡳࡎ࠿ࡽࡢ㤳ࢆ⤠ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽ⚾ࡢᕼᮃⓗほ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡳࡎ࠿ࡽ

ࡢ㤳ࢆ⤠ࡵ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ぞᶒᅜ࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜ẚ࡭࡚࡝࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡣ୰ᅜࡢぞᶒࡼࡾࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢぞᶒࡢ௙᪉ࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ࠸࠸࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡁࡕࢇ࡜⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࢇ࡞࡟᫂☜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜
ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡎ⡿ᅜࡣ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ༑Ꮠ㌷ⓗ࡞ࢫࣆࣜࢵࢺࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏࡢ᪉ࠎࡶࡑ࠺ᛮࢃࢀࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲ
ࡍࡀࠊ࡯࠿ࡢே࡟ࡇ࠺ࡸࡿ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜ゝࡗ࡚ᢲࡋࡘࡅࡀࡲࡋ࠸࡜ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊୡ⏺
୰ࢆぢΏࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟ࡣࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢᩛࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢぞᶒࡢẼ࡟ࡃࢃ࡞࠸࡜ࡇ
ࢁࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋす༙⌫࡟⾜ࡁࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ౛࠼ࡤࣛࢸࣥ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡞࡝ࡶ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀ኱᎘࠸࡞࡜ࡇࢁࡶ࠶ࡿ
ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣᙼࡽࡢᨻ἞࡟௓ධࡋࡓࡾࠊ⟶⌮ࡋࡓࡾ࡜࠸࠺ࠋ࣮࢟ࣗࣂ࡞࡝ࡶࡑࡢ࠸࠸౛
࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡇࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ࢝ࢼࢲࡣ⚾ࡓࡕࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ኱ዲࡁ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡶ࣓࢟ࢩࢥࡣ⚾ࡓࡕࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ
඲ࡃዲࡁ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽṔྐࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ୡ⏺୰ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊࣟࢩ࢔ࡶ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢぞᶒ࡟ࡑࢇ࡞࡟ࣁࢵࣆ࣮࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡋࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ࢖ࣛࣥࡶ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢぞᶒࢆẼ࡟ධࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ୰ᅜࡶࡑ
ࢇ࡞࡟Ẽ࡟ධࡗ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ࡝ࡢ఩⨨࡟࠶ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ᪥ᮏ࡟࠸ࢀࡤ࣮࢜ࢣ࣮ࡔ࡜
ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡋࠊ࡛࣋ࣝࣜࣥࡶ࣮࢜ࢣ࣮ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡶࣔࢫࢡ࣡ࡸ໭ிࠊࢸ࣊ࣛࣥࡣ࠶ࡲࡾࡼࡃ࡞࠸࡛ࡍ
ࡡࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ࡝ࡇ࡟࠸ࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿࡢࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᭱ᚋࡢ㉁ၥ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢ⟅࠼࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ⚾ࡣࡁࡕࢇ࡜Ⓨゝࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋከࡃࡢேࡓࡕࡀࠊ୰ᅜ
ேࡣ᪤Ꮡࡢᅜ㝿⛛ᗎࢆẼ࡟ධࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢ࣮ࣝࣝࡀ᎘࠸࡛ࡑࢀࢆኚ࠼ࡓ࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡶ⚾ࡣ໭ி࡟⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡓࡕࠊࡲࡓࡣ࢚࣮ࣜࢺࡢ᪉ࡓࡕ࡟⪺ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ㸶㸮ᖺ௨㝆ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀ୺ᑟࡢไᗘࡢ୰࡛ୡ⏺ࡣື࠸࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡑࡢ୰࡛୰ᅜࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟㇏࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛
ࡍࠋྠ᫬࡟ࠊࡲࡓ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣ኱ኚ࡞㌷஦ຊࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡋ࠿ࡋ୰ᅜࢆᨷᧁࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ㡿ᅵࢆྲྀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣ୍ᗘࡶࡸࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣࡑࢀࡔࡅࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ⥔ᣢࡋ࡚㐠⏝ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࡶࡢࡍࡈ࠸ࢥࢫࢺࡀ࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࡯࠿ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࡣぢ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ࠸࠸ࢃࡅ
࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀࢆఱ࡛ኚ࠼ࡓ࠸ࡢ࠿ࠋ᪤Ꮡࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛࠸࠸࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ࠶࡞ࡓࡣࡑࡢ୰࡛຾ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ
ࡑࡢࡲࡲ࡛࠸࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࡜ࠋ࡞ࡐ࣮ࣝࣝࢆኚ࠼ࡓ࠸ࡢ࠿ࠊ࡞ࡐไᗘࢆኚ࠼ࡓ࠸ࡢ࠿ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࢩ࣮࣮ࣞࣥࢆ
Ᏺࡿࡓࡵ࡟⮬ศࡓࡕࡢᾏ㌷࡛ࡸࡾࡓ࠸ࡢ࠿ࠊࡸࡽ࡞࠸࡛࠸࠸࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ㸶㸮ᖺ௨㝆ࠊࡇࢇ࡞࡟࠾㔠ᣢࡕ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡟ࠊࡑࡢ㛫࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣࡇࢀࡔࡅ㌷஦㈝ࢆ౑ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ࢖ࣥࣇࣛࡣࡔࡵ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡋࠊୡ⏺

61୰࡛࡝ࡇ࡛ࡶ࡜࡟࠿ࡃᡓதࢆࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐࡑࢀࢆኚ࠼ࡓ࠸ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀ࡟ᑐ
ࡋ࡚ࠊ௒ࡢᅜ㝿⛛ᗎ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡟ࠊࡑࡢࡲࡲࡸࡾࡓ࠸࡜ゝࡗࡓேࡣࠊࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡞ࡢ࡛
ࡍࠋ ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ఀ⸨๛㸦㆟㛗㸧  ௻⏬ࢆࡋࡓ⚾ࡣࠊࡇࢀࢆ᭱ᚋ࡟㛢ࡌ࡞࠸࡜࠸ࡅ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋึ᮶᪥࡜࡞ࡿ࣑
࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕ࡣࠊ᫖᪥࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ
௒࠿ࡽ㸯㐌㛫࡯࡝᪥ᮏࡢྛᆅ࡬⾜ࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
⚾ࡣ௻⏬⪅࡜ࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡎࢫࢱ࣮ࢺᆅⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢᅜ㝿᝟ໃ࡜࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦࡢᅜ㝿㛵ಀࡢᑗ᮶࡟
㛵ࡍࡿࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࢆ⤌ࢇࡔḟ➨࡛ࡍࠋ ⚾ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࡀእົ┬ࡢ㈨㔠༠ຊࢆᚓ࡚㸰㸮㸯㸱ᖺࡼࡾᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠕ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦ
ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ࢩࣥࢡࢱࣥࢡࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᙧᡂࠖ◊✲఍ࡢ୺ᰝࢆࡘ࡜ࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ௒ᖺࡀ◊✲఍㸰ᖺ┠ࡢ᭱⤊ᖺ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊᮏ᪥ࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡣࠊᮏ◊✲఍ࡢᡂᯝࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㆟ㄽࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࠿
ࡽ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐࣮ඛ⏕ࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊྎ‴ࡢᯘඛ⏕ࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝࡢࣇ࣮ඛ⏕ࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔࠿ࡽ
ࢹࣅࢵࢻ࣭࢛࢘ࣝࢺࣥඛ⏕ࢆ࠾㏄࠼ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦࡢࢩࣥࢡࢱࣥࢡࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢᣑ኱࡜῝໬࡟㈉⊩ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ࡜ࠊ⮬㈇ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽᑐヰࡣ⤊஢࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢᑐヰࢆᡂຌࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ⦕ࡢୗࡢຊᣢࡕࡀ࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ➨୍࡟࠾♩ࢆ⏦ࡋୖࡆ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡣࠊᮏ᪥ࡢྠ᫬㏻ヂࢆࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓ኱ᆤ⸅ᵝࠊ໭ᓥከ⣖ᵝࠊඣ⋢Ụ㌟Ꮚᵝࡢ࠾୕᪉࡟ࠊࡲࡎࡣឤㅰࡢᢿᡭࢆ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ
㸦ᢿᡭ㸧ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᐇࡣ࣐ࢽࣗ࢔ࣝ࡟ࡣ᭩
࠸࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࢆࡸࡿ࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡶ࠺୍ࡘ኱஦࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ࣟࢪࢫࢸ
࢕ࢡࢫࢆࡸࡿ᪉ࡀ࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࡢ᪉ࠎ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠊࡇࡇ࡛࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞࣐࢖ࢡࢆᅇ
ࡋࡓࡢࡣ඲ဨࡀ⚾ࡢࢮ࣑⏕࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᢿᡭࢆ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ㸦ᢿᡭ㸧 ௨ୖࠊᐃ้ࢆ㐣ࡂ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࢀ࡟࡚᪥࣭࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᑐヰࢆ㛢఍ࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ୍ࡘὀ
ពࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋྠ᫬㏻ヂࡢ࢖ࣖ࣍ࣥࢆ࠾ᖐࡾࡢ㝿࡟఍ሙධࡾཱྀࡢཷࡅ௜ࡅ࡟ᚲࡎࡈ㏉༷࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࡼ࠺ࠊ
࠾㢪࠸⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ࡞࠸࡜ᚋ࡛኱ኚ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀ㉳ࡁࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡐࡦ࡝࠺ࡒࡼࢁࡋࡃ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑ
ࢀ࡛ࡣࠊ㛢఍࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋᮏ᪥ࡣࠊⓙᵝ࡝࠺ࡶ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ̿̿ ஢ ̿̿㸦ὀ㸧ᮏ㏿グ㘓ࡣࠊ㸰㸮㸯㸲ᖺ㸯㸰᭶㸯㸰᪥㸦㔠㸧࡟㛤ദࡉࢀࡓ᪥࣭࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᑐヰࠕࣃ࣮࣭࣡ࢺࣛࣥࢪࢩࣙ
ࣥࡢ୰ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ㸸ఱᴟࡢ᫬௦࡞ࡢ࠿ࠖࡢ㆟ㄽࢆ࡜ࡾࡲ࡜ࡵࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ᮏᩥࡣࠊⓎゝ⪅ࡢ౑⏝ゝㄒࡢ㐪࠸࡞࡝ࡢ⌮⏤࡟ࡼࡾࠊⓎゝෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ⓨゝ⪅඲ဨࡢ☜ㄆࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ
࣭ࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ஦ົᒁࡢ㈐௵࡟࠾࠸࡚෌⏕ࠊ⦅㞟ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ



62


ϫ ࠕ᪥࣭࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᑐヰࠖᕳᮎ㈨ᩱ

1. ሗ࿌ࣞࢪ࣓ࣗ

Opening Session: The World in Transition and Japan

John MEARSHEIMER
Professor, The University of Chicago
The World in Transition and Japan
I. The Changing Balance of Power in Asia
The focus will be on the rise of China and what impact that development will have on the balance ofpower in Asia.

In addition to talking about the changing balance of power between China and its

neighbors, considerable attention will be paid to the Sino-American balance and how America’s
commitments in Europe and the Persian Gulf affect its presence in Asia.

II. The Consequences for the Region
I will make case that if China continues growing economically at an impressive pace, it will build amore powerful military and try to dominate Asia the way the United States dominates the Western
Hemisphere.

China will try to become a regional hegemon in Asia, because that is the best way for agreat power to maximize its security in a dangerous world.
In practice, that means China will seek to maximize the power gap between itself and its neighbors.
In other words, Beijing will work to become much more powerful than India, Japan, and Russia.
Moreover, it will try to push the US military out of Asia, and in effect develop a Monroe Doctrine of its
own for Asia. China will also build a blue water navy so it can protect its sea-lanes and project
power into strategically important regions like the Persian Gulf.
Almost all of China’s neighbors, as well as the United States, will go to great lengths to contain China
and prevent it from becoming a regional hegemon.
keep China in check.

China’s rivals will form a balancing coalition to

The United States will play the central role in managing that alliance, although

Japan will be a key player in the coalition.

63

The result of all this will be an intense security competition between China and its neighbors that
could easily lead to war. There are certainly a number of possible flashpoints in the region: Korea,
the South China Sea, Taiwan, and the Senkaku Islands in the East China Sea.

III. The Consequences for Japan
If China continues its rise, Japan will have to spend much more money on defense and the risk of a
Sino-Japanese war will increase markedly.
Furthermore, Japan will have to think long and hard about whether to acquire its own nuclear
weapons, in large part because those weapons of mass destruction are the ultimate deterrent.
Moreover, Japan is the only major power in the region that does not have its own nuclear arsenal.
The main reason for Japan not to acquire nuclear weapons is that the United States has extended its
nuclear umbrella over Japan.

However, it seems likely that Japan will have doubts about thereliability of extended deterrence, especially if the United States remains pinned down in losing wars
in the greater Middle East and also remains bogged down dealing with the Ukraine crisis, which
could go on for a long time.

IV. Conclusion
Japan should hope that China does not continue its striking rise.
increasingly dangerous security environment in Asia.

64

Otherwise Tokyo will face an

ITO Go
Superior Research Fellow, JFIR / Professor, Meiji University
The World in Transition and Japan
I. Changing “Rules of Games” in International Relations
࣭ China as the second largest economyÆChanges in the Balance of Power in Asia
࣭ The US seeks to maintain partnership with China, while at the same time being concerned about
China’s rapid rise.
࣭ China has been successful in not having its economy dominated by foreign capitals ever since1978.
࣭ G2 or G20: Both cases indicate a relative decline of US power.
࣭ While seeking to be involved into the “club of advanced countries,” the emerging economies
emphasize the small size of the GDP per capita, and try to avoid international responsibilities.
࣭ MultilateralismÆIrresponsible diplomacy?

II. International Order for International Stability
࣭ International Stability stemming from the Balance of Power or Hegemony࣭ Asia’s stability has long been kept under the US primacy, with which China is now dissatisfied.
࣭ Hainandao Incident in 2001: China started to have fear that the US could come close to theChinese continent.
࣭ China’s claim on “core interests” implies that international relations should be shifted from the US
primacy to the BOP between the US and China (=New Type of Great Powers)
࣭ China emphasizes the BOP with the US, while at the same time seeking to have primacy over
Asian countries.
࣭ China thinks unilaterally, explores issues bilaterally, and behave multilaterally

III. Incongruence between Security and Economy
࣭ Security has been provided bilaterally by the US, while Asia’s economy has come from China’s
rapid rise. China has been an indispensable partner.
࣭ China as an insider within the economic system, but an outsider in the area of security.
࣭ China looks eager to expand its territories: Senkaku (Diaoyudao)ÆOkinawaÆMaritime Interests
in northern Hokkaido
࣭ As China develops economically, its security policy becomes threatened by neighboring countries.

IV. Future Configurations
࣭ Confrontations on military, economies, and international standards
࣭ China seeks the BOP with the US, while trying to have hegemony within Asia
࣭ Ameba-type enlargement: It continues to expand without the others’ deterrence.
࣭ Projection of domestic dissatisfaction to the international arena
࣭ For Japan: How to balance between the US “credibility” and Japan’s “self-help”

65ୡ⏺ࡢኚື࡜᪥ᮏ
㸦ఀ⸨ ๛ ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛୖᖍ◊✲ဨ㸭᫂἞኱Ꮫᩍᤵ㸧Ϩ ୰ᅜࡢྎ㢌࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡌࡓࠕ࣮࣭ࣝࣝ࢜ࣈ࣭ࢤ࣮࣒ࠖࡢኚᐜ࣭ ୡ⏺➨ 2 ఩ࡢ⤒῭኱ᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ୰ᅜÆ⡿୰㛫ࡢ⤒῭ⓗࠊᨻ἞ⓗ࡞ࣃ࣮࣡ࣂࣛࣥࢫࡢኚᐜ࣭ ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣࠊ୍᪉࡛୰ᅜ࡜ࡢࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼ࠊ௚᪉࡛୰ᅜࡢᛴ㏿࡞ྎ㢌࡟⬣ጾࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ࣭ ୰ᅜࡣ 1980 ᖺ௦࡟ࡣ㣗ရࠊ㍍ᕤᴗࠊ㕲㗰ࠊ90 ᖺ௦࡟ࡣ⮬ື㌴ࠊ⢭ᐦᶵᲔࠊࡑࡋ࡚⌧ᅾࡢ➨ 12 ḟ 5࢝ᖺィ⏬ᮇ㸦2011㹼15 ᖺ㸧ࡣ㈨※࣭⎔ቃࠊࣛ࢖ࣇࢧ࢖࢚ࣥࢫࠊITࠊࢼࣀࠊᮦᩱᕤᏛ࡜ࠊᖖ࡟㑅ᢥⓗ࡟⮬ศࡢᅜ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ᙺ❧ࡘ⏘ᴗࢆᾏእ࠿ࡽཷࡅධࢀࡿ࣭ ࢜ࣂ࣐ᨻᶒ௨㝆ࠊ୍᪉࡛ G2 ㄽࠊ௚᪉࡛ G20 ㄽࠋ࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡏࡼࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢຊࡢῶ㏥ࢆ♧ࡍ࣭ ⤒῭つᶍࢆᣑ኱ࡋࡓ᪂⯆ᅜࡀࠕඛ㐍ᅜࢡࣛࣈࡢ୰࡟ධࢀ࡚ࡃࢀࠖ࡜ࠕṇᙜᛶࠖࡣᙉㄪࡍࡿ୍᪉ࠊᅜ
㝿♫఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㈐௵ࢆ㈇ࢃ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊྲྀࡾỴࡵࡢࠕᐇຠᛶࠖࡀୗࡀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࢪ࣐ࣞࣥࡀᏑᅾ࣭ ࠕᅜ㝿බඹ㈈ࠖ࡞ࡁ࣐ࣝࢳࣛࢸࣛࣜࢬ࣒Æ↓㈐௵እ஺ࡢ஺㘒ϩ ᅜ㝿㛵ಀࡀࠕᏳᐃࠖࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ⛛ᗎ࣭ ぞᶒ࡟ࡼࡿᏳᐃ࠿ࠊໃຊᆒ⾮࡟ࡼࡿᏳᐃ࠿࣭ ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒࡢᅜ㝿⛛ᗎ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㛗ࡽࡃ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟ࡼࡿᅽಽⓗ࡞ඃ఩࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⥔ᣢࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ
ࡀࠊ୰ᅜࡣࡑࡢࠕぞᶒࠖ࡟ࡼࡿᖹ࿴࡟୙‶࣭ 2001 ᖺᾏ༡ᓥ஦௳㸸ࠕ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣ୰ᅜࡢ㏆ࡃࡲ࡛ࡸࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ㏫ࡣ࡞ࡋࠖ࡜࠸࠺୙‶࣭ ࠕ᰾ᚰⓗ฼┈ࠖㄽ㸦୰ᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣㆡࢀ࡞࠸฼┈㸧Æࠕ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟ࡼࡿぞᶒࠖ࠿ࡽࠕ⡿୰ໃຊᆒ⾮ࠖ࡬㸻ࠕ᪂ᆺࡢ኱ᅜ㛫㛵ಀ࣭ࠖ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔࡛ࡣࠕ୰ᅜ୰ᚰ࡟ࡼࡿぞᶒࠖࡇࡑࡀᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ᅜ㝿ᨻ἞ࡢᏳᐃ࡜୺ᙇ࣭ ୍ᅜ୺⩏ⓗ࡟ᛮ⪃ࠊ஧ᅜ㛫୺⩏ⓗ࡟ၥ㢟ࢆ㏣ཬࠊከᅜ㛫୺⩏ⓗ࡟᣺ࡿ⯙࠺Ϫ㸬Ᏻಖ࡜⤒῭ࡢ࣑ࢫ࣐ࢵࢳ࣭ Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀ୖࡢᵓ㐀࡜⤒῭ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ୖࡢᵓ㐀࡜ࡀ࣑ࢫ࣐ࢵࢳ࣭ ๓⪅ࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋ࡚ᨺᑕ⥺≧࡟ࡢࡧࡿࠋᚋ⪅ࡣ୰ᅜࡢ⤒῭ᡂ㛗࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠊձ୰ᅜࠊղࡑࡢ
௚ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ㅖᅜࠊճ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟ࡼࡿ୕ゅ㈠᫆ࡀᒎ㛤࣭ ୰ᅜࡣ⤒῭ⓗ࡞┦஫౫Ꮡ㛵ಀ࡛ࡣ୺せ࡞ᆅ఩ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᏳಖࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛ࡣࡼࡑ⪅࣭ 㡿ᅵ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᣑ኱ഴྥ㸸ᑤ㛶ÆἈ⦖Æ໭ᾏ㐨࡜ᶟኴࡢ㛫࡟ᾏὒᶒ┈࣭ ᮾ༡࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢࠕᑠᅜࠖࡢษࡾᔂࡋÆ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᘵศ࡬ࡢ᎘ࡀࡽࡏÆ᭱ᚋࡢᮏ୸࢔࣓࣭ࣜ࢝ ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡍࢀࡤࡍࡿ࡯࡝ࠊᏳಖ࡛ࡢ⬣ጾឤࡀቑࡍϫ ௒ᚋࡢᒎᮃ
࣭ ㌷஦ⓗᑐ❧㸩⤒῭ᦶ᧿ࡢᨻ἞฼⏝㸩ࢫࢱࣥࢲ࣮ࢻࡢᑐ❧࣭ ୰ᅜࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜ࡢໃຊᆒ⾮ࢆ┠ᣦࡍࡀࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔࡛ࡣ⮬ࡽࡢぞᶒⓗ⛛ᗎࢆồࡵࡿ࣭ ᢚṆࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࢔࣓࣮ࣂⓗᣑ኱࣭ ᅜෆࡢ୙‶ࢆᑐእⓗ࡟ᢞᑕÆᅜ㝿⛛ᗎ࡬ࡢ㛵ᚰࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊᝒ᝺࡞⤖ᮎ࣭ ᪥ᮏ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㸸࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࠿ࡽࡢࠕಙ⏝ᛶࠖ࡜ࠊࠕ⮬ຓࠖࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫ

66

Session I: The Asia-Pacific in Transition and JapanDavid WALTON
Senior Lecturer, University of Western Sydney
Juggling Triads: Australian foreign policy towards Japan and China
Synopsis
Australia’s capacity to promote closer ties with China while remaining firmly ensconced in a security
alliance with the United States and close security ties with Japan is of critical importance. In a period oftense relations between China and Japan and strategic competition between the United States and China,
officials in Canberra require sophisticated diplomatic skills to maintain a balance between alliance andeconomic interests. Given the rise of China as an economic superpower over the past ten years, thecurrent focus on China by the Australian Government is not new, but the attention that China receives inAustralian Government circles and more broadly in Australia represents a significant shift from the
comfortable security arrangements Australia enjoyed with the United States (security) and Japan (Trade)for the previous forty years.
This presentation will consider three key questions in the context of the rise of China:
1. What does the rise of China and subsequent debates about power transition between the UnitedStates and China in the region mean in real terms for Australia- Japan political and security
relations?
2. What, if any, are the contentious policy issues between Tokyo and Canberra on the rise of China?
3. Australia’s capacity to successfully juggle two competing bilateral relations (Japan and China) isviewed in Canberra as vital to Australia’s long-term economic and political wellbeing. Is thisperception likely to change in the short to mid term during a period of close alignment between
Prime Ministers Abbott and Abe?
These questions are significant as they consider the historical shift from a cold war framework to the newless certain realities in the contemporary period. The decision by the Australian Government in 2012 toallow a substantial number of US marines to be based in Darwin demonstrates the continuation ofAustralia’s post-war foreign and security policy and suggests that existing security arrangements with
the United States are very much intact. As well, there have been remarkable security upgrades between
Japan and Australia since 2007. Nonetheless, the rise of China as an economic superpower represents asignificant challenge to current global and regional order. In this context, the issue of the rise of China
and its consequence is arguably the most weighty and pressing issue in the history of Australia-Japanbilateral consultation on regional issues.

67

YAMADA Yoshihiko
Professor, Tokai University
The Importance of Maritime Security for Japan
In 2012, problems of territory and territorial waters occurred suddenly between Japan and its
neighboring countries. Since 2010, China has been rapidly advancing into East China Sea. In particular,
in 2013, the patrol boats of the newly established China Coast Guard have been repeatedly trespassing
the territorial waters of Japan. The advance of China was not limited to East China Sea. Its advance into
South China Sea has been even more intense. In 2014, a situation developed, one in which a Chinese
patrol boat collided with a Vietnamese patrol boat.
Asian countries started to turn their attention to maritime security to maintain peace. The conclusion of
the arrangements for maritime security in the Asian waters has become an urgent issue. In Japan, it is therole of Japan Coast Guard to protect marine security.
Japanese citizens have started to pay attention to maritime situations. In particular, the development ofseabed resources has been attracting attention. In 2012, the presence of "rare earth" in the seabed near
Minamitorishima was reported. Moreover, the prospecting for the commercialization of methane
hydrate has begun. In addition, the development of seabed hydrothermal deposit started to beresearched with the goal of commercialization. Efforts in maritime development in the waters under thejurisdiction of Japan have started to progress. The indirect support of these developmental endeavors
has been added to the missions of Japan Coast Guard.
As symbolized by the defense of Senkaku Islands, the mission expected of Japan Coast Guard is crucial.
Moreover, it must have defense capabilities, in terms of both quantity and quality. However, there is alimit to its security activities. Hereafter, along with increasing the number of Coast Guard officers andthe number of patrol boats, it is necessary to implement the division of roles with the Japan Maritime
Self-Defense Force. Needless to say, it is necessary to create a system for the cooperation of the Japan
Maritime Self-Defense Force and the Japan Coast Guard. Moreover, it is necessary to have monitoring
activities from the air to increase mobility.
In addition to the above endeavors, with the advance in the development of the Northern Sea Route, themaritime security operations in the waters in the north will become more important. We believe that thetime has come to restructure the system of maritime security.
In its relations with its neighboring countries, it is crucial for Japan to establish a system to protect its
waters, one that is based on international law. Japan is expected to construct a maritime management
system with dignity.

68᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᾏὒᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࡢ㔜せᛶ㸦ᒣ⏣ ྜྷᙪ ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ㸧2012 ᖺࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜㏆㞄ᅜࡢ㛫࡛㡿ᅵࠊ㡿ᾏࡢၥ㢟ࡀຨⓎࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᮾࢩࢼᾏࡢᑤ㛶ㅖᓥ࿘㎶ᾏᇦ࡛ࡣᾏὒ⟶⌮ࡢၥ㢟ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓࠋ2010 ᖺ௨㝆ࠊ୰ᅜࡣࠊᮾࢩࢼᾏࡢ㐍ฟࢆᛴ㏿࡟㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≉࡟ᑤ㛶ㅖᓥ࿘㎶࡛ࡣࠊ2013ᖺ࡟᪂タࡉࢀࡓ୰ᅜᾏ㆙ᒁࡢ㆙ഛ⯪ࡀ㢖⦾࡟᪥ᮏ㡿ᾏ࡬ࡢ౵ධࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୰ᅜࡢᾏ
ὒ㐍ฟࡣࠊᮾࢩࢼᾏࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ༡ࢩࢼᾏ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࡉࡽ࡟⃭ࡋ࠸ࠋ2014 ᖺࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ࡢ㆙
ഛ⯪࡟ᑐࡋࠊ୰ᅜࡢ㆙ഛ⯪ࡀ⾪✺ࡍࡿ஦ែ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ

࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢྛᅜࡣࠊᖹ࿴⥔ᣢࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᾏὒᏳ඲ಖ㞀࡟┠ࢆྥࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ࢔ࢪ࢔ᾏᇦ
࡟࠾࠸࡚ᾏὒᏳ඲ಖ㞀࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡿྲྀࡾỴࡵࡢ⥾⤖ࡀࠊ᪩ᛴࡢㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾࠸
࡚ᾏࡢᏳ඲ࢆᏲࡿࡢࡣᾏୖಖᏳᗇࡢᙺ๭࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

᪥ᮏࡢᅜẸࡣࠊᾏὒࡢ᝟ໃ࡟ὀ┠ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ≉࡟ᾏᗏ㈨※㛤Ⓨࡀὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋ2012 ᖺ༡㫽ᓥ௜㏆ࡢᾏᗏ࡟ࣞ࢔࣮࢔࣮ࢫࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ࣓ࢱࣥࣁ
࢖ࢻ࣮ࣞࢺࡢၟᴗ໬࡟ྥࡅࡓヨ᥀ࡀ㛤ጞࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᾏᗏ⇕Ỉ㖔ᗋࡢ㛤Ⓨࡶၟᴗ໬࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࡢ◊✲ࡀጞࡲࡗࡓࠋ᪥ᮏࡢ⟶㎄ᾏᇦෆ࡛ࡢᾏὒ㛤Ⓨࡀࡲࡉ࡟ືࡁฟࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢ㛤Ⓨ⾜Ⅽࢆഃ㠃ⓗ࡟ᨭ᥼ࡍࡿࡢࡀࠊᾏୖಖᏳᗇࡢ௵ົ࡟ຍࢃࡗࡓࠋ

ᑤ㛶ㅖᓥࡢ㆙ഛ࡟㇟ᚩࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᾏୖಖᏳᗇ࡟ồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ௵ົࡣࠊ㔜኱࡛࠶ࡾ࠿
ࡘࠊ㔞ࠊ㉁࡜ࡶ࡟㧗࠸⬟ຊࢆồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᾏୖಖᏳᗇࡢ㆙ഛάື࡟ࡶ㝈⏺ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ௒ᚋࠊᾏୖಖᏳᐁࡢேᩘࠊᕠど⯪ࡢᩘࢆቑࡸࡍ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊᾏୖ⮬⾨㝲࡜ࡢᙺ๭ศᢸࡶ㐍ࡵ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋᙜ↛࡟ࠊᾏୖ⮬⾨㝲࡜ᾏୖಖᏳᗇࡀࠊ㐃ᦠࡍࡿయไࢆసࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᶵືຊࢆቑࡍࡓࡵ࡟✵࠿ࡽࡢ┘どάືࡶᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ໭ᴟᾏ⯟㊰ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀ㐍ࡴ࡜໭ࡢᾏᇦࡢᾏୖಖᏳᴗົࡶࡉࡽ࡟㔜せ࡞௵ົ࡜࡞ࡿࠋᾏ
ὒᏳ඲ಖ㞀యไࢆ෌ᵓ⠏ࡍࡿ᫬ᮇ࡟᮶࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ㞄ᅜ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟⨨࠸࡚ࠊᅜ㝿ἲ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁᾏࢆᏲࡿయไࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋጾཝࢆᣢ
ࡕࠊᾏὒ⟶⌮యไࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

69

LIN Cheng-yi
Research Fellow, Institute of European and American Studies, Academia Sinica

The Japan Factor in the Security of the Taiwan Strait
In the San Francisco Peace Treaty and Japan-Republic of China (ROC) Peace Treaty of 1952, Japanrenounced all right, title and claim to Taiwan and Penghu (Pescadores) as well as the Spratly Islands andthe Paracel Islands. In the 1950-1960s, in addition to cooperating with the U.S. Military Assistance
Advisory Group (MAAG) and Taiwan Defense Command, Chiang Kai-shek secretly brought in Japanesemilitary consultants to Taiwan to help his mission in returning to Mainland China. Naosuke Tomita,
whose Chinese name was Pai Hung-liang, served in Taiwan as a military consultant to the ChiangKai-shek government before he died in 1969. Tomita and about 80 Japanese military advisors, known as
the Pai Group, assisted Chiang Kai-shek in training the ROC military and conducting war planning for
return-to-the-mainland missions.
Japan maintained its diplomatic ties with the ROC on Taiwan until September 1972. Although Japan andTaiwan had no defense security [agreements?], the U.S. transferred weapons such as 8-inch howitzers
from Okinawa to Taiwan and Kinmen (Quemoy) during the 1958 Taiwan Strait crisis. In November 1969,
in a joint statement with President Nixon, Prime Minister Sato said that “the maintenance of peace andsecurity in the Taiwan area was also a most important factor for the security of Japan.” In Articles 4 and 6of the 1960 U.S.–Japan Security Treaty, Taiwan’s status is unspecified but included implicitly in “themaintenance of international peace and security in the Far East.” In the 1997 U.S.–Japan Defense
Cooperation Guidelines, Taiwan is again made implicit in “Situations in Areas Surrounding Japan(SIASJ).” Not until the 2005 and 2011 U.S.–Japan Common Strategic Objectives do these two countries
officially welcome “the progress to date in improving cross-Strait relations, [and] encourage the peacefulresolution of cross-Strait issues through dialogue.”
Since the expiration of the U.S.–ROC Mutual Defense Treaty in 1979, the strengthening of U.S.–Japansecurity ties and continuing U.S. military deployment in Okinawa have played a reassuring role in
Taiwan’s security. President Lee Teng-hui initiated a Taiwan–Japan–U.S. trilateral secret security dialogue(the Ming-teh Project) conducting 20 meetings with Japanese Councillor Motoo Shiina and U.S. politician
Richard Armitage from 1994 to 2000. The project helped with coordination between the three capitals in
dealing with the 1995–1996 Taiwan Strait Missile Crises. From the mid-1990s to 2008, cargo and ships
navigating between Taiwan and eastern China were instructed to use Ishigaki Island as an intermediarystop because of the prohibition on direct cross-Strait navigation. President Ma Ying-jeou has publicly
supported the strengthening of the U.S.–Japan security alliance through the settlement of the Futenma
marine base relocation between the Obama administration and the Japanese government. None of
Taiwan’s presidents have publicly argued for cross-Strait joint cooperation in safeguarding thesovereignty of the Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands.

70When asked which country they saw as a threat, the Japanese, the Filipinos and the Vietnamese all
named China. A similar sense of enmity is also evident in Taiwanese opinion polls. Japan has topped allothers as the friendliest country for Taiwanese people in surveys conducted by the Taiwan Thinktank
and the Interchange Association (Japan) from 2011 to 2013. In the cases of China and South Korea, only
8% of Chinese liked Japan while 22% of South Koreans saw Japan in a favorable light.1 China has
always reacted strongly when Japan’s prime minister visits Yasukuni Shrine, while South Korea has
focused on the comfort women issue. In stark contrast to China and South Korea, Taiwan has a milder
reaction to these two issues.
According to the 2013 Chinese Defense White Paper, the PLAN has conducted long-distance training inwaters of the Western Pacific involving over 90 ships in nearly 20 batches since 2007. Some Chinese naval
ships have conducted their training in the Exclusive Economic Zone of Guam and Hawaii without
meeting U.S. objection. Increasing Chinese naval activities in waters northeast of Taiwan and in the
Miyako Strait have created additional pressure for the defense of Japan and Taiwan. Japan has deployedradar installations and 100–150 troops on Yonaguni Island, which is Japan’s westernmost island and isabout 100 kilometers from Taiwan. For Taiwan to avoid waging a two-front battle, one in the Taiwan
Strait and the other in the Pacific, leaders in Taipei have had little choice but to side with the U.S. andwelcome the strengthening of U.S.–Japan defense cooperation related to Taiwan’s national defense.
With the rise of China and its assertive policy toward the Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands, the Japanese
government’s security strategy under the Abe government has evolved dramatically since December
2012. After long-awaited executive actions, Japan’s National Security Council was established in
December 2013, and immediately after, Japan’s first ever National Security Strategy was adopted inwhich the Abe government has taken up the role of proactive contributor to peace. As such, Japan’s newnational defense program guidelines were finalized along with the mid-term defense program. In April
2014, the Abe government promulgated “the Three Principles on [the?] Transfer of Defense Equipment
and Technology,” which modified the principles set in 1967 for restricting weapons exports to foreigncountries. Japan can now transfer its defense equipment and technology to its allies and partners if sucha transfer could contribute to Japan’s security and international peace.
A more striking development is Japan’s Cabinet Decision on the development of security legislation toensure Japan’s survival and protect its people on July 1, 2014. Prime Minister Abe approved a proposal toreinterpret Japan’s constitution to end the ban on allowing its military forces to exercise the right ofcollective self-defense. The move widened the set of options available to Japan’s Self-Defense Forces inoverseas military activities, but it soon met opposition from both domestic and international sources.

1

Bruce Stokes, “Japan, China Neck and Neck in Asian Popularity Contest,” Nikkei Asian Review, July 17, 2014.

71China is always the staunchest opponent of Japan’s active security posture. The U.S., Australia, andSingapore have publicly supported Japan’s formulation of a new security strategy. Most Southeast Asian
countries have been privately supportive but publicly cautious about their stances. Taiwan’s ruling party,
the KMT, and President Ma Ying-jeou are somewhat ambivalent. For example, Ma does not criticize
Japan’s new security posture as his counterpart in Beijing does, but he does say that he will watch closely
as the situation develops. Ma stated that his great concern is whether Japan’s decision will result in a
deterioration of its relations with China, particularly in light of the Diaoyu/Senkaku disputes. Taiwan’s
opposition party, the Democratic Progressive Party, has publicly supported Japanese Prime Minister
Abe’s removal of the ban on collective self-defense rights arguing that it would benefit Taiwan’s
long-term security in waters surrounding Taiwan and Japan.
Japan’s ongoing security restructuring has implications for Taiwan, China, and the United States. The
East China Sea issue will be the test case. The U.S. State Department has called on all sides to exercise
restraint in this matter. However, the U.S. government has also made known that the Diaoyu/Senkaku
Islands fall within the scope of Article 5 of the 1960 U.S.–Japan Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and
Security. Xi Jinping’s new model of major power relations with the U.S. may be at odds if the dispute is
not properly managed, and likewise the situation may also complicate Barack Obama’s Asian
rebalancing strategy.
To date, the ROC and Japan have concluded 36 major agreements since Tokyo severed diplomatic ties
with Taipei in 1972. Taiwan is Japan’s fifth-largest trading partner, while Japan is Taiwan’s second-largest
trading partner. Important bilateral agreements include the Private Investment Arrangement (September2011), Open Skies Arrangement (November 2011), Memorandum on the exchange of financial
information related to money laundering and terrorist financing (April 2012), fisheries agreement (April2013), search and rescue operations involving aviation accidents at sea (November 2013). Among them,
the fisheries agreement was signed after 17 years of fisheries talks between the two countries. Prime
Minister Shinzo Abe apparently wanted to use the fisheries agreement to prevent Taiwan and China
from forming a joint front against Japan in the disputed East China Sea waters. In addition, President Ma
has constantly tried to assure the Japanese that Taiwan will not seek cooperation with the PRC in settling
the Diaoyu/Senkaku sovereignty dispute. In the eyes of U.S. Secretary John Kerry, the Taiwan–Japanfisheries agreement has demonstrated that shelving the dispute while acting creatively could serve as agood example for promoting regional stability amid escalating tensions in the East China Sea.2

2 “John Kerry Praises Taiwan, Japan for Pact on Sea Claims,” Taipei Times, August 15, 2014, p. 3.

72

SATO Koichi
Professor, J. F. Oberlin University

࠙No parts can be reproduced, or cited without author’s written permissionࠚ

China’s Rise and the Political Dynamics of the Asia-Pacific Region
Dominance of the Maritime Power, New Containment,
or Rise of Trading States?
Professor John Mearsheimer warned the people that the prospects for the war among the regional
powers in Europe were likely to increase if the Cold War ended, and the bipolar distribution of military
power became a mere name. Late Professor Samuel P. Huntington also warned the people that the crashof the civilizations led by the religious conflicts would emerge in the Post Cold War World when theideological confrontation between the East and West diminished. What kind of scenery we can observe,
if we apply these warnings to the Asia-Pacific Region in the 21st Century?
Firstly, many people say that the rise of China in economic & military fields, and the relative Japanesedecline in economic field are remarkable. They consider the power-transition between Japan and China
is progressing. The United States, Japan’s ally, also reduces the defense budget every year. The U.S.
annual reduction amount is almost equivalent to the Japan’s annual defense budget, and the U.S.
intervention in the Asia-Pacific region is moderate in spite of State Secretary Hilary Clinton’s words:“Pivot toward Asia” in October 2011. It is safe to say that China’s presence in Asia-Pacific Region isremarkable. From now on, the correlations among China, the U.S., and Japan have the impacts upon theregional politics and economies. The Chinese government intends to become the maritime power, andthe military drills and activities of the Chinese navy, China Coast Guard (CCG), Chinese fishing boats inthe East and South China Sea are escalated.
Secondly, activities of the terrorists who assert some religious trends such like ISIS, never diminish after
the death of Osama bin Laden. Many developing states in the Asia-Pacific Region including China areplural societies which are composed of many religious groups. The Chinese government is worried
about the activities of the radicals and separatists in Xinjiang and Tibet, and their exchanges with foreign
activists. In short, both of the warnings of Professor Mearsheimer and Professor Huntington are partiallymaterializing in the Asia-Pacific Region.

73

From the Cold War days, there has been no monolithic multilateral alliance in Asia-Pacific Region such
like the NATO in Europe. There is only a hub and spokes security architecture which was composed ofmany U.S. – regional states bilateral treaties. If so, the war among the regional powers in Asia-pacificRegion which was predicted by Professor Mearsheimer is more likely to increase. It seems to be serious.
There is no domestic symptom of the crash of the civilizations in Japan. For the moment the Japanese
defense and security issues are the Chinese challenge at the Senkaku Islands in the East China Sea, andthe disturbance of the freedom of navigation in the South China Sea.
In Japan and the United States, some people have begun to study the use of the power projection
capability to deter the Chinese various maritime provocations; submerged navigation of Han-classnuclear submarine in the Japanese territorial waters in November 2004, dangerous access of the Chinese
navy helicopter to the Japan-Maritime Self-defense (JMSDF) Destroyer in April 2010, collision of theChinese fishing boat against the Japan Coast Guard (JCG) patrol boats in September 2010, weaponry
radar-lock on JMSDF destroyer in January 2013, China’s set-up of the Air Defense Identification Zone
(ADIZ) in November 2013, and frequent illegal entrance of the CCG patrol boats into the Japanese
territorial waters surrounding the Senkaku Islands.
It is said that China’s estimated oil storage is only for 30 days, and the Chinese navy weaponry system is
not enough to suppress the JMSDF, so that we can do many things. There may be some temptation forJapan to open war against China. “It may be possible for Japan to co-operate with the U.S. and ASEAN
states, in closing of the choke points of Sea Lanes of Communications (SLOC) in the East and South
China Sea. Together, we can contain China! “
We should remind the fact that the rate of economic interdependence among the competing nations in
the 21st Century is much higher than these in the 19th and 20th Century, and many competing nations
live together. The economic statistics 2013 shows that China is Japan’s largest trade partner (amount 30.3
trillion yen), and Japan is China’s second largest trade partner. Currently, 135 thousands Japanese live in
China, and 649 thousands Chinese live in Japan. If Japan open war against China, we, the Japanese haveto abandon this trade amount and sacrifice many of these citizens’ lives.
The situation is not so different at the Chinese side. President Xi Jinping’s unhappy face at the meetingwith the Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe in the Asia Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC) Summit
in November 2014 symbolized it. China could not get any concessions on the Senkaku Islands andYasukuni Shrine issues from Japan before the APEC Summit. China’s energy resource detection in thesea area surrounding the Paracel Islands for the months of May to July 2014, was also recognized as the
diplomatic failure, because of the Vietnamese tough resistance and the international criticism of Chinese
forcible detection with the CCG patrol boats and Chinese navy vessels.

74

The U.S. government voiced the concern on it, and China stopped the detection. It is a reality of theinterdependent Asia-Pacific Region in the 21st Century that no government can survive without thecommunication with the uncomfortable partners. China needs more efforts to avoid the frictions with
the United States and the neighboring countries including Japan and ASEAN nations. China should shelf
the slogan of the maritime power, and concentrate their attention on the mitigation of “the crash of thecivilizations” in the domestic fields.
The political leaders of Japan and the United States should stress the importance of the economic
interdependence with China and the prospects for the feasible regional development. Japan and theUnited States should guide China to be the Trading State equivalent to Japan, by the economic andtechnological incentives and power projection capability of Japan-U.S. alliance (Richard Rosecrance, The
Rise of the Trading State, Basic Books, 1986). Japan and the U.S. should use the soft and hard powers
skillfully. It is possible option for Japan to restart the Official Development Assistance (ODA) to China.
We can show our goodwill toward China, and assist China’s effort to mitigate the serious environmental
issues such like air and marine pollutions.
Further, there are political distrusts among Japan, the U.S. and China in the economic regionalism. China
has pursued her sphere of influence in East Asia without the U.S. intervention. China has tried tocompose it through the plans of East Asian Economic Caucus (EAEC), and the East Asia Summit (EAS).
Professor Shi Yinhong asserts that China should demand the western part of the West Pacific Ocean. It
sounds quite anachronistic in current interdependent region. China would like to maintain the protective
system for China’s State Companies, too. These are at the background of the friction between Trans
Pacific Partnership (TPP) and Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). Japan and theUnited States should persuade China gradually in the process of the EAS for the integration of the TPP
and RCEP. Japan and the United States also need the compromise each other, on tariff rate on
agricultural products in Japan, and import restriction on Japanese automobiles in the United States, forthe progress of the TPP negotiation.

Japan names herself as a “Proactive Contributor to Peace” in the field of defense and security. She should
name herself as a “Proactive Contributor to Trade” too, in addition to the actor of Abenomics in the fieldof economics. These economic policies demand the drastic reform of the distribution system of the goods
in Japan, and it is a painful reform. But it is important for the Japanese government, if Japan want to be awell-balanced contributor to the stability of the Asia-Pacific region. The Japanese nation should remindthat Japan is one of three pillars of the tripolar system in this region.

75࠙⚗ᘬ⏝࣭㌿㍕ࠚ୰ᅜࡢྎ㢌࡜࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒࡢᨻ἞ຊᏛ
ࠕᾏὒᙉᅜࠖࡢྎ㢌࠿ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ᑒࡌ㎸ࡵ࠿ࠊㅖ㈠᫆ᅜᐙࡢ⯆㝯࠿㸽㸦బ⸨ ⪃୍ ᱜ⨾ᯘ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ㸧 ෭ᡓࡀ⤊ࢃࡗࡓ᫬ࠊ21 ୡ⣖ࡢୡ⏺࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࢪ࣭࣑ࣙࣥ࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐㸫ᩍᤵࡣࠊ஧ᴟࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀ⤊ࢃࢀࡤࠊ㸦Ḣᕞࡢ㸧኱ᅜ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀࡣᑐ❧ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡟ᅇᖐࡍࡿ࡜㆙࿌ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᨾࢧ࣑࢚࣭ࣗࣝࣁࣥࢳࣥࢺࣥ
ᩍᤵࡣ࢖ࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮ᑐ❧࡟௦ࢃࡗ࡚ࠊ᐀ᩍᑐ❧࡟ᑟ࠿ࢀࡿࠕᩥ᫂ࡢ⾪✺ࠖࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ࡜㆙࿌ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽ
ࡢ㆙࿌ࢆࠊ21 ୡ⣖ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ࡟ᙜ࡚ࡣࡵࡿ࡜ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᝟ᬒࡀぢ࠼࡚ࡃࡿ࠿ࠋ ➨୍࡟ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦࡢᅜᐙ㛫㛵ಀࢆぢࡿ࡜ࠊ⤒῭࣭㌷஦୧㠃࡛ࡢ୰ᅜࡢྎ㢌࡜ࠊ᪥ᮏ⤒῭ࡢ┦ᑐⓗ࡞ᆅ┙ỿୗࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪥୰ࡢ㛫ࡢࣃ࣮࣭࣡ࢺࣛࣥࢪࢵࢩࣙࣥࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࡜ぢࡽࢀࡿࢃࡅ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ᪥ᮏࡢྠ┕ᅜ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡶࠊẖᖺ᪥ᮏࡢ㜵⾨ண⟬㢠࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞኱ᖜ࡞ᅜ㜵ண⟬ࡢ๐ῶࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ2011 ᖺ 10 ᭶ࡢࢡࣜࣥࢺࣥ㛗ᐁࡢㄽᩥࡢ୰ࡢࠕ࢔ࢪ࢔࡬ࡢᅇᖐࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥ࡜ࡣ⿬⭡࡟ࠊᆅᇦ࡬ࡢ௓ධࡣ᥍࠼ࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ࡛ࡣࠊ⌧ᅾࡣ୰ᅜࡀ✺ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࠊ௒
ᚋࡣࠊࡑࡢ୰ᅜ࡜᪥⡿ࡢ 3 ᴟࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡀࠊᆅᇦࢆື࠿ࡍࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ୰ᅜࡣࠊ
ࠕᾏὒᙉᅜࠖࢆᚿ
ྥࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢᾏ㌷ࠊᾏ㆙ࠊ⁺⯪࡟ࡼࡿࠊᮾࢩࢼᾏࠊ༡ࢩࢼᾏ࡛ࡢάືࡣࠊ࢚ࢫ࣮࢝ࣞࢺࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

➨஧࡟ࠊ᐀ᩍⓗ࡞୺ᙇࢆ⫼ᬒ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿㅖࢸࣟࣜࢫࢺࡢάືࡣࠊISIS ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ2011 ᖺ 5 ᭶ࡢ࢜ࢧ࣐࣭
ࣅ࣭ࣥࣛࢹ࢕ࣥࡢṚᚋࡶ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ୰ᅜࢆྵࡴ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒࡢⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡢከࡃࡣ」ᩘࡢ᐀ᩍ
ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆᢪ࠼ࡿ」ྜ♫఍࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୰ᅜᨻᗓ⮬యࡶ᪂␩࢘࢖ࢢࣝ⮬἞༊ࡸࠊࢳ࣋ࢵࢺ⮬἞༊࡞࡝࡛ࡢᅜ
ෆࡢ㐣⃭ὴࡸศ㞳୺⩏⪅ࡢᢚไ࡜ࠊᙼࡽࡢࠊᅜእࡢໃຊ࡜ࡢ஺ὶ࡟㢌ࢆ③ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋゝࡗ࡚ࡳࢀࡤࠊ࣑
࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐㸫ᩍᤵࡢ㆙࿌࡜ࠊᨾࣁࣥࢳࣥࢺࣥᩍᤵࡢ㆙࿌ࡣࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦ࡛ࡣࠊ㒊ศⓗ࡞ࡀࡽࠊྠ
᫬࡟㐍⾜ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡶぢ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ෭ᡓᮇ࠿ࡽࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦ࡟ࡣࠊḢᕞࡢ໭኱すὒ᮲⣙ᶵᵓ㸦NATO㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሀᅛ࡞ከᅜ㛫ྠ┕ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜ᆅᇦㅖᅜࡢ஧ᅜ㛫ྠ┕ࢆࣁࣈ㸤ࢫ࣏࣮ࢡᆺ࡟ᒎ㛤ࡋࡓᏳ඲ಖ㞀༠ຊ㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࡅࡔ
ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽࠊ࣑࢔ࢩࣕ࢖࣐㸫ᩍᤵࡢணゝࡋࡓ኱ᅜ㛫ࡢᑐ❧㸦᪥⡿࡜୰ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᪥୰㸧ࡢᐇ⌧ࡣࠊࡼࡾ῝้࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏᅜෆ࡟ࡣࠊᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ῝้࡞ࠕᩥ᫂ࡢ⾪✺ࠖⓗ⌧㇟ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ᪥ᮏ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊᙜ
㠃ࡢᏳ඲ಖ㞀ၥ㢟ࡣࠊᮾࢩࢼᾏࡢᑤ㛶ㅖᓥࡢ㡿᭷ࢆࡵࡄࡿၥ㢟࡜ࠊ㔜せ࡞༡ࢩࢼᾏࡢ⯟⾜ࡢ⮬⏤ࡢ☜ಖ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᩘከࡃࡢ୰ᅜࡢࠊᮾࢩࢼᾏ࡛ࡢᣮⓎ⾜Ⅽ㸸₎⣭ཎ₯ࡢ᪥ᮏ㡿ᾏ࡛ࡢ₯ἐ⯟⾜ࠊⰄ㍕࣊ࣜࢥࣉࢱ࣮ࡢ␗ᖖ᥋㏆ࠊㆤ⾨Ⰴ࡬ࡢṊჾ⟶ไ࣮ࣞࢲ࣮↷ᑕࠊ㜵✵㆑ูᅪࡢタᐃࠊᑤ㛶ㅖᓥἈ࡛ࡢᾏಖᕠど⯪࡬ࡢ୰ᅜ⁺⯪ࡢయᙜࡓࡾࠊ࡯ࡰẖ㐌㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ୰ᅜᾏ㆙⯪⯲ࡢ㡿ᾏ౵≢ࠊࢆṆࡵࡉࡏࡿࡓ
ࡵ࡟ࠊຊࢆ⾜౑ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡀࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶ࢔࣓࡛ࣜ࢝ࡶጞࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୰ᅜࡣࠊ▼Ἔഛ⵳ࡀ 30 ᪥๓ᚋࡋ࠿࡞
࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡋࠊ⮬⾨㝲࡟ᑐࡋ࡚୰ᅜᾏ㌷ࡀᅽಽⓗ࡟ඃໃ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸௒࡞ࡽࠊ࠿࡞ࡾࡢࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ

76࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡸࠊASEAN ㅖᅜ࡜༠ຊࡍࢀࡤࠊࢩ࣮࣮ࣞࣥࡢࢳ࣮ࣙࢡ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࢆᢲࡉ࠼࡚୰ᅜࢆᑒࡌ㎸ࡵࡽࢀࡿࠊ࡜࠸࠺ㄏᝨࡀ᪥ᮏഃ࡟ࡣ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡔࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛⪃࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ19 ୡ⣖࠿ࡽ 20 ୡ⣖࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡢ᫬௦࡜㐪࠸ࠊ21 ୡ⣖ࡢ⌧ᅾࡣࠊᑐ❧ࡍࡿᅜྠኈ࡛ࡶ⤒῭ⓗ࡞┦஫౫Ꮡࡢᗘྜ࠸ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㧗ࡃࠊ➇ྜࡍࡿᅜẸྠኈࡀ୍⥴࡟ఫࢇ࡛࠸ࡿሙྜࡶከ࠸ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ2013 ᖺࡢ⤫ィ࡛ࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ᭱኱ࡢ㈠᫆┦ᡭᅜ㸦⥲㢠 30.3
඙෇㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᪥ᮏࡣࠊ୰ᅜ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶ➨஧ࡢ㈠᫆┦ᡭᅜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ୰ᅜ࡟ᅾఫࡍࡿ᪥ᮏேࡣ 13.5
୓ேࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟ᅾఫࡍࡿ୰ᅜேࡣ 64.9 ୓ே࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏࡀᡓதࢆࡍࡿ࡟ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤒῭ཬࡧேⓗ㛵ಀࢆ≛≅࡟ࡍࡿぬᝅࡀ࠸ࡿࠋ ୰ᅜഃࡶ≧ἣࡣࡑ࠺ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ11 ᭶ 10 ᪥ࡢ APEC 㤳⬻఍㆟ࡢ㝿ࡢಶู఍ㄯ࡛ࠊ୙ទᛌࡑ࠺࡟㢦ࢆࡺࡀࡵ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᏳಸ⥲⌮ࢆ㏄࠼ࡓ⩦㏆ᖹᅜᐙ୺ᖍࡢ⾲᝟ࡀࡑࢀࢆ㇟ᚩࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୰ᅜࡣࠊ఍ㄯ๓࡟ᑤ㛶ၥ㢟࡛ࡶ㟹ᅜၥ㢟࡛ࡶ᪥ᮏࢆㆡṌࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ5 ᭶࠿ࡽ 7 ᭶࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡢࣃࣛࢭࣝㅖᓥἈ࡛
ࡢኳ↛࢞ࢫࡢ㈨※᥈ᰝ࡛ࡶࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ࡢ᢬ᢠ࡜ᅜ㝿♫఍ࡢᢈุࢆཷࡅࠊእ஺ⓗ࡟ࡣኻᩋࡋࡓࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝
ࡀᠱᛕࢆ♧ࡋࠊ୰ᅜࡣ᥈ᰝࢆṆࡵࡓࠋ୙ទᛌ࡞ᅜ࡛ࡶࠊ௜ࡁྜࢃࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࡢࡀࠊ21 ୡ⣖ࡢ┦஫౫Ꮡୗࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦࡢ⌧ᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୰ᅜࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡸ ASEAN ㅖᅜࢆྵࡴ࿘㎶ㅖᅜࡸ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡢᝏ໬ࢆ㑊ࡅࡿ࡟ࡣࠊࡶࡗ࡜ດຊࡀᚲせࡔࠋࠕᾏὒᙉᅜࠖࢆ┠ᣦࡍࢫ࣮ࣟ࢞ࣥࡣࠊᲴୖࡆ࡟ࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞
ࡃ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡢୖ࡛ࠊᅜෆࡢࠕᩥ᫂ࡢ⾪✺ࠖࡢ⦆࿴࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴ࡭ࡁࡔࠋ

᪥⡿ࡢᨻ἞ᣦᑟ⪅ࡣࠊ୰ᅜ࡜ࡢ⤒῭ⓗ࡞┦஫౫Ꮡ࡜ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞ᆅᇦࡢ⤒῭Ⓨᒎ࡬ࡢᒎᮃࢆ㔜どࡍࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⤒῭࣭ᢏ⾡㠃࡛ࡢㄏᅉ࡜᪥⡿ྠ┕ࡢᐇຊ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜࢆࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜ྠࡌࠕ㈠᫆ᅜᐙࠖ࡬ㄏᑟ
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㸦㈠᫆ᅜᐙ࡜ࡣࠊ1986 ᖺ࡟ࠊࣜࢳ࣮ࣕࢻ࣭࣮ࣟࢬࢡࣛࣥࢫᩍᤵࡀⴭ᭩ࡢࢱ࢖ࢺࣝ
࡟౑ࡗࡓゝⴥ࡛࠶ࡿ㸧ࠋࣁ࣮ࢻࣃ࣮࣡࡜ࠊࢯࣇࢺࣃ࣮࣡ࡢే⏝ࡀᚲせ࡞ࡢࡔࠋ᪥ᮏࡣࠊ୰ᅜ࡟ᩛពࡀ࡞࠸
ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࠊ῝้࡞⎔ቃၥ㢟㸦኱Ẽ࣭ᾏὒởᰁ㸧ࡢ⦆࿴ࢆᨭ᥼ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᑐ୰ ODA ࡢ෌㛤ࡶ᳨ウࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ㈠᫆⮬⏤໬ࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࡣࠊTPP ࡜ RCEP ࡢ༊ศࡢ⫼ᚋ࡟ࠊ᪥⡿୰ࡢ㛫ࡢᨻ἞ⓗ୙ಙឤࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ୰ᅜࡣࠊEAEC ᵓ᝿௨᮶ࠊᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࡛࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡢཬࡤ࡞࠸ໃຊᅪࢆḧࡋࠊࡲࡓᅜ᭷௻ᴗࢆಖㆤࡍࡿつไࡢᏑ⥆ࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ᫬Ẃᘯᩍᤵ࡞࡝ࡣࠕすኴᖹὒࡢす㒊ࢆ୰ᅜࡢᡓ␎✵㛫࡟ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ࡜㏙࡭
࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡔࡅ┦஫౫Ꮡࡀ㐍ࢇࡔ᫬௦࡟ࠊໃຊᅪࢆồࡵࡿᵓ᝿ࡣ࢔ࢼࢡࣟࢽࢬ࣒ࡔࠋ୰ᅜࢆྲྀࡾ㎸ࡴ࡟ࡣࠊᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔㤳⬻఍㆟➼ࡢሙ࡛᫬㛫ࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚ࠊTPP ࡜ RCEP ࢆ⧅ࡄດຊࡀᚲせࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊTPPࡢ๓㐍࡟ࡣࠊ᪥⡿㛫ࡢ㎰⏘≀ࡢ㛵⛯᧔ᗫ࡜⮬ື㌴ࡢ㍺ධไ㝈ࡢၥ㢟࡛ࡶࠊ࠾஫࠸ࡢጇ༠ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ✚ᴟⓗᖹ࿴୺⩏ࢆᥖࡆࡿ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡣࠊ⤒῭㠃࡛ࡣ࢔࣋ࣀ࣑ࢡࢫ࡟ࣉࣛࢫࡋ࡚ࠊ✚ᴟⓗ㈠᫆୺⩏ࡶᚲせࡔࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᨻ⟇ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏᅜෆࡢὶ㏻ᵓ㐀ࡢᨵ㠉↓ࡋ࡟ࡣࠊᐇ⌧࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠊ③ࡳࢆక࠺ᨵ㠉࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏࡀ
ࡇࡢᆅᇦ࡛ࠊࡼࡾࣂࣛࣥࢫࡢྲྀࢀࡓ㈉⊩⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦࡢᏳᐃ࡟㈉⊩ࡋࡓ࠸ࡢ࡞ࡽࠊࡇࢀࡣ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏᅜẸࡣࠊᡃࡀᅜࡀ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒࡢ୕ᴟࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺⮬ぬࢆᣢࡘ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

77

Session II: China in the Future and Japan

MOMMA Rira
Professor, The National Institute of Defense Studies
China in the future and Japan
Until around 2030
z

Xi Jinping has often pledged “Chinese dreams”, “great renewal of Chinese nation” and “Strong
army dreams“. China denies the current situation of international order and demands newinternational order which is favorable to the country. This is the basic posture of current Chinese
diplomacy.

z

The economy of China will keep growing for years. China will also increase national power andmilitary power steadily. However, the economic growth rate of China will stall after that. Moreover,
the Chinese Government will have to cope with the aging its population and the increase of thesocial security expenses.

z

While China would avoid a confrontation with the United States, the country hopes the influence of
US in Asia becomes weak.

z

Although there will be potentially strained relation, China and Russia will maintain strategic
partnership.

zWith its burgeoning state and military power, China has been taking inflammatory actions in the
Senkakus and the South China Sea without fear of friction with neighboring countries. Even though
the county knows a stable international relation is a prerequisite for China’s future economic growth,
China does not make a concession regarding the issues of sovereignty and territorial rights.

z

By China Coast Guard and fishing boats, China will continue to put pressure on the Senkaku
Islands. Japan must maintain its economic power in order to oppose the pressure.

z

China will adhere to the principle of “peaceful reunification and one country, two systems” and the
proposal for growing cross-Straits relations. On the other hand, Taiwan Administration will keep
the status quo with China.

z

The change in the situation of Korean Peninsula can happen. It can affect the security systems inneighboring countries and change the attitude toward the social system in China.

z

PLA Navy will deploy two aircraft carriers. Even though they cannot compete with US Navy on thewestern Pacific Ocean, these Chinese carrier strike groups can threaten Vietnam, Philippine,
Malaysia and other neighboring countries on the South China Sea.

z

China will be confronted with the problem of environmental pollution and the frequency ofminority riot. The corruption of Senior Chinese Officials cannot be eliminated and protest actions
will occur frequently. Therefore, the public peace and order in China will be worse.

z

As the economic growth rate decreases and the public anxiety increases, the national distrust of theCommunist Party of China will increase and its social order will be more unstable.

z

The Communist Party of China will be more dependent on People’s Liberation Army, People’s
Armed Police and Militia in order to maintain the government and social order.

78

୰ᅜࡢᑗ᮶࡜᪥ᮏ
㸦㛛㛫 ⌮Ⰻ 㜵⾨◊✲ᡤ୺௵◊✲ᐁ㸧

2030 ᖺ㡭ࡲ࡛z⩦㏆ᖹࡣࡋࡤࡋࡤࠕ୰ᅜࡢክࠖࠊࠕ୰⳹Ẹ᪘ࡢ೧኱࡞᚟⯆ࠖࠊࠕᙉ㌷ࡢክࠖࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿࠋ୰ᅜࡣࡇࢀࡲ
࡛ࡢᅜ㝿⛛ᗎࢆྰᐃࡋࠊ୰ᅜ࡟᭷฼࡞᪂ᅜ㝿⛛ᗎࢆせồࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀ୰ᅜࡢ⌧ᅾࡢᇶᮏⓗእ஺ጼໃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋz୰ᅜࡣ௒ᚋᩘᖺ㛫ࠊ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࢆ⥆ࡅࡿࠋ୰ᅜࡣᅜຊࢆఙ㛗ࡉࡏࠊ㌷஦ຊࢆ╔ᐇ࡟ቑ኱ࡉࡏࡿࠋࡋ࠿
ࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋࡣ⤒῭ᡂ㛗⋡ࡀ㕌໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡲࡓࠊ⪁㱋ேཱྀࡀቑຍࡋ࡚୰ᅜᨻᗓࡣ♫఍ಖ㞀㈝ࡢቑຍ
࡟ᑐฎࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋz୰ᅜࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜ࡢỴᐃⓗ࡞ᑐ❧ࢆ㑊ࡅࡓ࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡢపୗࢆᮃࢇ
࡛࠸ࡿࠋz୰ᅜ࡜ࣟࢩ࢔࡜ࡣᡓ␎ⓗࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ㛵ಀࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࡘࡘࡶࠊ₯ᅾⓗ⥭ᙇ㛵ಀࡶ⥅⥆ࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋz୰ᅜࡣᅜຊቑ኱࡜㌷஦ຊࡢྥୖࢆ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊᑤ㛶ㅖᓥࠊ༡ࢩࢼᾏࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡢᾏᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ࿘㎶ᅜ࡜ࡢᦶ᧿ࢆᜍࢀ࡞࠸⾜ືࢆ࡜ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୰ᅜࡀ⤒῭Ⓨᒎࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ
Ᏻᐃࡋࡓᅜ㝿⎔ቃࡣᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ୺ᶒࡸ㡿ᅵࡢၥ㢟࡛ࡣㆡṌࡋ࡞࠸ጼໃࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋz୰ᅜࡣᾏ㆙࡜⁺⯪࡟ࡼࡿᑤ㛶ㅖᓥ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᅽຊࢆ⥅⥆ࡉࡏࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ୰ᅜࡢᅽຊ࡟ᑐᢠࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ
᪥ᮏࡣ⌧ᅾࡢ⤒῭ຊࢆ⥔ᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋz

୰ᅜࡣྎ‴࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠕᖹ࿴⤫୍ࠊ୍ᅜ஧ไᗘࠖࡢ⤫୍᪉㔪࡜ࠊ୧ᓊ㛵ಀࢆⓎᒎࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆሀᣢࡍ
ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ୍᪉ࠊྎ‴ഃࡣ⌧≧⥔ᣢࢆ㈏ࡇ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋzᮅ㩭༙ᓥ᝟ໃ࡟ኚ໬ࡀ⌧ࢀ࡚ࠊ࿘㎶ྛᅜࡢᏳ඲ಖ㞀యไ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ஦ែࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ୰ᅜ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶ♫఍యไࡢኚ㠉ࡀព㆑ࡉࢀࡿࡁࡗ࠿ࡅ࡜࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋz୰ᅜᾏ㌷ࡣ᪂ࡓ࡟✵ẕ㸰㞘ࢆ㓄ഛࡍࡿࡀࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟すኴᖹὒ࡛ᑐᢠ࡛ࡁࡣࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ୰ᅜ
ࡢ✵ẕᨷᧁ⩌ࡣ༡ࢩࢼᾏ࡟࠾࠸࡚࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ࡸࣇ࢕ࣜࣆࣥࠊ࣐࣮ࣞࢩ࢔࡞࡝࡟ᑐࡋ⬣ጾࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡔࢁ
࠺ࠋz୰ᅜᅜෆ࡛ࡣ⎔ቃởᰁࡀ㐍⾜ࡋࠊᑡᩘẸ᪘ᭀືࡶ㢖Ⓨࡍࡿࠋ୰ᅜ㧗ᐁࡢở⫋ࡣ᰿⤯࡛ࡁࡎࠊ㞟ᅋᢠ㆟⾜ືࡀከⓎࡋࠊ♫఍἞Ᏻࡣᝏ໬ࡍࡿ.

z⤒῭ᡂ㛗⋡ࡢ㕌໬ࡸ♫఍୙Ᏻࡢቑຍ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜඹ⏘ඪࡢ⤫἞ࡢṇ⤫ᛶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ␲ၥࡀ㧗ࡲࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ඹ⏘ඪᨻᶒ࡟ᑐࡍࡿಙ௵ࡀࡉࡽ࡟ⷧࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ୰ᅜࡢ♫఍ࡣࡲࡍࡲࡍ୙Ᏻᐃ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋzඹ⏘ඪᨻᶒࡣᨻᶒ⥔ᣢ࡜♫఍἞Ᏻ⥔ᣢࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊேẸゎᨺ㌷ࡸṊ⿦㆙ᐹࠊẸරࠊ㆙ᐹ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ౫㢗ᗘࢆ㧗ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ

79

SHI Yongming
Associate Research Fellow, China Institute of International Studies

China, Japan, in the future
1. China in the future
China will not be a superpower, because the superpower means hegemony, but China’s policy isnever be a hegemony. After the second world war, only the former Soviet Union and the United States
are called superpower.
China will be a biggest economic body, but will not be a biggest military body. We will just keep aforce sufficient to self-defence.
China will be a very important power on keeping peace in the world, and will play that role inpolitical way not military
China will be a good neighbor of Asia countries and a common player in regional cooperation.

2.

Japan in the future
From Chinese side, we can’t understand. The questions are:Will Japan play a role as a superpower?
Why Japan want to use its military forces in the international politics?

3. China and Japan relations in the future
Now, we are on the cross road,
Will Japan Government abide by the “four-point consensus”?
The future: what kind of relations? Cooperation or confrontation or cooling relation?
Friendship, interests, strategy, and the regional structure, how to deal with these problems?

80

YUMINO Masahiro
Research Fellow, Waseda Institute of Contemporary Chinese Studies

Dilemma Between Economic Temptation and Political Ideology㸸
How we face with post “China Rising” Era

We now have been facing with the dilemma to choose between Economic temptation and Political
ideology. The reason of this dilemma is of course China which still keep its authoritarian regime formore than 6decades and even after collapse of Cold War International Regime. As Chinese economic
growth now we face with situation that we accept status quo which China is growing its economic
influence to the world and became top economic and trade partners for many countries. But at the sametime, we have to ignore reality of political ideology that China is still keeping authoritarian country
regime. But Chinas stability and economic prosperity is getting more and more suspicious in these days.
So the more Chinese Economy and influence bigger, the more we need to have clear mind to keep
political identity, which is Liberty and freedom.

The End of “Chinese rising” Era
Quarter of century ago

we were facing Political Regime Change in Communist countries such as

Soviet Union, East Europe. Many people had thought next country could be China. But regime change
hadn’t happened in China. Then From Jiang Zeming, Hu Jingtao to Xi Jingping, China has Succeeded“Economic Reform” policy and Accomplished Economic Prosperity. But those “China Rising” Era looks
come to end not as Chinese officials and specialists said. Officially China insists Win-Win economic
relations with world but reality is not so well as it said. Chinese domestic economy is facing big
problems like bubble economy looked brisk of crash and peoples uprising happening more than 10,000
for a year. P.M 2.5 hurts peoples health and shorten lifespan. Chinese economy had just turned cornerof “China Rising” Era.

China as a Fragile Superpower: Not So Powerful and Stable as it seems.
As We all see China looked really powerful and big country, especially after APEC Summit last monthin Beijing. China had succeeded to show his power to the world more than he really is. It was just likereflection of Tributary system of China Dynasty. China now is acting strong not just in Diplomatic way
but also in Military way and which cause tension with its neighbors like Vietnam, Philippine and Japan.
Those tensions mainly came from Chinese aggressive behavior as Sea power. Those behavior looks
came from strong nationalism which reflect the strong ambition to recover lost territory. In addition tonationalism, there looks strong profit oriented activity of powerful interest group like oil major,
military industrial complex and military. So CCP government is just like a prisoner of those interest
group. The more China show strong power in South China Sea or in East Sea, the more actor behind81scene will be disclosed.

China still living in Pre-modern Era
Dec 13th is the first national memorial day of Nanjing incident. CCP government decided to make thisday for national Memorial Day and those suggestion has passed as law in this spring. Japan had
invaded China more than century ago but for China it is unforgettable incident not just in the history
but for people in china today. But Japanese existence is more than in the history but for CCP, it is really
important for survival and national unification. China has never had united country and from those
aspect it is absurd to insist Post-modern and trans-nation, cosmopolitan identity for China. Westerncountry include Japan and China looks living same age but, actually living different era.

Universal Value - Still the matter for the world include China, and Japan
There are big argument Between Hard liner called left wing party and Soft liner called Right wing party
in China. Left supporter emphasize the importance of Maoizm and Chinese Characteristics. And Rightsupporter emphasize Universal values, so Left supporter strongly criticize Right supporter as traitor.
But still universal value is still extremely important not only for the world but for China. Chinese
anticorruption policy’s key is depend on this universal value, not top down policy order. So it is still
and maybe more, important to keep faith with universal value such as democracy and freedom. There
are big argument for “Value Diplomacy”, but still it is very important not only for Japanese diplomacy
but also for China to encourage political reform and to form a country under rule of law.

82⤒῭ⓗㄏᝨ࡜ᨻ἞࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡢ㛫ࡢࢪ࣐ࣞࣥ
⚾ࡓࡕࡣ࣏ࢫࢺࠕ୰ᅜᓹ㉳㸦Rising China㸧ࠖ᫬௦࡟࠸࠿࡟ྥࡁྜ࠺࠿
㸦ᘪ㔝 ṇᏹ ᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫ⌧௦୰ᅜ◊✲ᡤᣍ⪸◊✲ဨ㸧⚾ࡓࡕࡣ௒᪥ࠊ⤒῭ⓗ࡞ㄏᝨ࡜ᨻ἞ⓗ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᢡࡾྜ࠸ࢆࡘࡅࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࢪࣞ
࣐ࣥ࡟┤㠃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢪ࣐ࣞࣥ࡟┤㠃ࡍࡿࡢࡣ୰ᅜඹ⏘ඪ୍ඪᨭ㓄ࢆሀᣢࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࢆㅻḷࡋࠊୡ⏺➨஧఩ࡢつᶍ࡟ࡲ࡛ᡂ㛗ࡋࡓ୰ᅜࡢᏑᅾࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࡔࠋ୰ᅜࡣࠕᘓᅜࠖ࠿ࡽ 60 ᖺ௨ୖ⤒ࡓ௒࡛ࡶඹ⏘ඪ୍ඪᨭ㓄ࢆሀᣢࡋࠊࡑࡢయไࡣᦂࡀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࡳ࠼ࡿࠋᮾす㝕Ⴀࡀᑐ❧ࡍࡿ෭ᡓయไࡀ
ᔂቯࡋࡓᙜึࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣすഃ㈨ᮏ୺⩏㝕Ⴀࡀ຾฼ࡋࠊୡ⏺ࡣẸ୺୺⩏యไࡀୡ⏺ࡢ₻ὶ࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ᮇᚅࡀ
㧗ࡲࡗࡓࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀ୰ᅜࡣࡑࡢయไࡢሀᣢ࡟ᡂຌࡋࠊGDP ࡢᡂ㛗⋡࡛ࡣᖺ⋡ 10㸣ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿᡂ㛗ࢆ⥆ࡅࠊࠕୡ⏺ࡢᕤሙࠖ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿࡲ࡛࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ෭ᡓࡢ⤊⤖࠿ࡽᅄ༙ୡ⣖ࠋ୰ᅜࡣ㤶

࣐࢝࢜ࡢ㏉㑏ࢆ㐩ᡂࡋࠊ

ྎ‴ࢆṧࡋ࡚ᅜᐙ⤫୍ࢆᚅࡘࡢࡳ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀࡇࡇ࡬ࡁ࡚㧗ᗘᡂ㛗࡟ࡣ㝜ࡾࡀ⏕ࡌࠊ୰ᅜ࿘㎶ࡢࠕ࣑ࢽ࣭ࢳࣕ࢖ࢼ࡛ࠖ཯Ⓨࡀ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᨻ἞యไᨵ㠉ࡀ㐍ࡲ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ୰ᅜ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚Ḣ⡿ᆺࡢẸ୺୺⩏ࢆாཷࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ㤶

ࡸྎ‴ࡀࠕNoࠖࢆ✺ࡁ௜ࡅࡓࡢࡔࠋ୰ᅜࡣᕧ኱࡞ᕷሙࢆ᭷ࡋࠊୡ⏺࡟ࡑࡢ⤒῭ⓗᜠᜨࢆᱳᏊ࡟ᨻ἞ⓗᙳ㡪ຊࡶ⾜౑ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୰ᅜࡣ⤒῭㠃࡛཮᪉ࡢ㛵ಀࡣࠕ࢘࢕࣭ࣥ࢘࢕ࣥࠖ
ࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿࡀྠ᫬࡟ࠊᨻ἞ⓗ࡞㑅ᢥࢆᙉ࠸ࡿሙ㠃ࡶᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࠋ᪥୰㛫࡛ࡣᑤ㛶ၥ㢟ࢆጞࡵࠊṔྐㄆ㆑ࠊࠕ㟹ᅜࠖཧᣏࡀࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ࡸࣇ࢕ࣜࣆࣥࠊ࢖ࣥࢻ࡜ࡣ㡿ᾏࠊ㡿ᅵၥ㢟ࠊḢ⡿࡜ࡣ㤶ࡸᑡᩘẸ᪘ࢆᕠࡿ

ேᶒࡢၥ㢟࡛ㆡṌࢆ㏕ࡿࠋ୰ᅜ࡜ࡢ⤒῭㛵ಀࢆඃඛࡋཱྀ࡚ࢆࡘࡄࡵࡤ⤒῭㈠᫆ࡣⓎᒎࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࡀࠊᨻ
἞ⓗኚ໬ࠊ㐍Ṍࡣ೵⁫ࡋࠊẸ୺୺⩏ࠊゝㄽ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ࠊ࡜࠸࠺౯್࡛ጇ༠ࢆᙉ࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡘ
ࡲࡾ᰿ᮏⓗࢫࢱࣥࢫ࡛⚾ࡓࡕࡣ୰ᅜࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍ⤒῭ⓗ࡞ᜠᜨ࡜ᨻ἞ⓗ࡞࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࢆ࡝࠺ᢡࡾ
ྜ࠸ࢆࡘࡅࡿ࠿ࢪ࣐ࣞࣥ࡟┤㠃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࠕ୰ᅜᓹ㉳㸦Ring China㸧ࠖ᫬௦ࡢ⤊ࢃࡾࠕ୰ᅜᓹ㉳᫬௦ࡢ⤊ࢃࡾࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝ࠸᪉ࡣ㆟ㄽࢆ࿧ࡪࡶࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ୰ᅜࡢⓎᒎࡢ⌧≧ཬࡧᑗ᮶ࠊ
㏆ᮍ᮶࡟ᑐࡍࡿホ౯ࢆ⾲ࡍࡓࡵࡔࠋ୰ᅜࡣ௒ᖺ GDP ࡢᡂ㛗⋡ࡀ 7.5㸣ࢆษࡾࠊᡂ㛗࡟㝜ࡾࡀぢ࠼ࡿࡀࠊᬒẼࡢၥ㢟ࡣ⾲ᒙⓗ࡛࣓࢖ࣥࡢㄢ㢟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡼࡾࡶ㐣ᗘ࡟పࡃᢚ࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㈤㔠࡟౫ᣐࡋࡓࠕୡ⏺
ࡢᕤሙࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢⓎᒎࣔࢹࣝࡸᅜ᭷ᆅࡢ๭ㆡ㸦ᅵᆅ౑⏝ᶒࡢ኎㈙㸧࡟ࡼࡿࠕᡴࡕฟࡢᑠᵔࠖࡀࠕ୰ᅜⓗⓎᒎࣔࢹࣝࠖ࡟౫ᣐࡍࡿⓎᒎࡀ㢌ᡴࡕ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀࠕ୰ᅜᓹ㉳ࡢ᫬௦ࠖࡢ⤊↉ࢆ㇟ᚩࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺
ࡋࡓ≧ἣࢆᡴ㛤ࡍ࡭ࡃ୰ᅜࡣෆ㟂ᣑ኱ࡼࡾࡶᾏእ࡟ᡴࡗ࡚ฟࡿ஦࡛࢖ࣥࣇࣛࡸ㔠⼥㠃࡛እᅜ࡜༠ຊ㛵ಀࢆ῝ࡵࠊ஧࠿ᅜ㛫࡛ࡣ᥼ຓእ஺ࢆᙉ໬ࡋࠊྠ᫬࡟ᆅᇦẖࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࡞㛵ಀ࡛ࡶ㛵ಀᙉ໬࡟஌ࡾฟࡋࠊࣈ
ࣜࢵࢡࢫࡸ SCO ࡜ࡢከᅜ㛫እ஺ࡢሙ࡛ࡶᙳ㡪ຊࢆ♧ࡋࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔࣭࢖ࣥࣇࣛᢞ㈨㖟⾜㸦AIIB㸧タ❧࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㔠⼥ᨭ᥼ᯟ⤌ࡳᵓ⠏࡛ࡶᏑᅾឤࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ᰿ᮏⓗ࡟ࡣᅜෆ࡛ࡢᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞Ⓨᒎࡀ⾜ࡁワࡲࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࣃࣛࢲ࢖࣒ኚ᥮ࢆᡂࡋ㐙ࡆ࡞࠸㝈ࡾᣢ⥆ⓗ࡞Ⓨᒎࡣཝࡋ࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡣ PM2.5 ࡸỈࠊᅵተởᰁ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⎔ቃၥ㢟࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕ⬤ᙅ࡞㉸኱ᅜࠖ㸦Fragile Super-power㸧࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ୰ᅜእぢ࡛ࡣᙉ㠌࡛ᙉ◳ⓗ࡛Ꮡᅾឤࢆ♧ࡍ୰ᅜࡔࡀࡑࡢᐇࠊ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟ከࡃࡢၥ㢟ࢆᅜෆ࡟ᢪ࠼ࠊࡑࡢᅜᐙ
⤫ྜࡉ࠼ࡶࡲࡲ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋở⫋ࠊ㈋ᐩࡢ᱁ᕪࠊᑡᩘẸ᪘ၥ㢟ࠊᅵᆅࣂࣈࣝᔂቯࠊࢦ࣮ࢫࢺࢱ࢘ࣥฟ⌧࡞࡝⌧ᨻᶒࡀᢪ࠼ࡿၥ㢟ゎỴࡢㄢ㢟ࡣᒣ✚ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊ἞Ᏻ⥔ᣢࠊศ⿣㜼ṆࡢࡓࡵࡢṊຊฟື࡟ໃຊࡀ๐ࡀࢀࠊᅜ㜵㈝࡜἞Ᏻ⥔ᣢ㈝ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ඪࡢࣉࣟࣃ࢞ࣥࢲࠊᩍ⫱ࠊࢿࢵࢺ┘ど➼ࡢ୍ඪయไ᧦
ㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢ㈝⏝ࡀ⭾኱࡛⦾ᰤࢆᅜẸⓙ࡛ாཷࡍࡿ࡝ࡇࢁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ⎔ቃၥ㢟ࡶࡼࡾ✺ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋẸ⾗ࡢ⏕άྥୖ࡜ෆ㟂ࡢᣑ኱ࡀඃඛࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ࡜ࡇࢁࠊᅜ㜵ࡸ㆙ᐹຊᙉ໬࡟㈈ᨻᨭฟࡢ㔜Ⅼࡀ࠾࠿ࢀࠊẸ⾗83ࡢ୙‶ࡀ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚ᖺ㛫ࡢ㞟ᅋ㦁ᨐ஦௳ࡣ 10 ୓௳ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋAPEC ࡸ G20 ࡞࡝࡛ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢫࢆ࢔ࣆ࣮ࣝࡋࠊ
ࠕ୍ᖏ୍㊰㸦ࢩࣝࢡ࣮ࣟࢻ⤒῭࣋ࣝࢺࠊ21 ୡ⣖ᾏୖࢩࣝࢡ࣮ࣟࢻ㸧ࠖᵓ⠏ࡢᑐእᡓ␎ࢆᡴࡕฟࡍࡀࠊᅜෆⓗ࡟ࡣࡑࢀ࡝ࡇࢁ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠕ⬤ᙅࡉࠖࡣࡼࡾ✺ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࠕ๓㏆௦᫬௦㸦Pre-Modern㸧ࢆ⏕ࡁࡿ୰ᅜࠖ
12 ᭶ 13 ᪥ࡣ༡ி኱⹢ẅ≛≅⪅ࢆ㏣᝚ࡍࡿグᛕ᪥࡟ᣦᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠿ࡽึࡢᅜᐙ㏣᝚᪥ࡔࠋ㏆௦୰ᅜ࡟࠾
࠸࡚᪥ᮏࡣᴟࡵ࡚㔜せ࡞Ꮡᅾ࡛⌧ᅾࡢᨻᶒᙧᡂ࡟ࡣ᪥ᮏࡀ኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡓࡇ࡜ࡣྰᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ
ᮏ㉁ⓗ࡞ᛶ㉁ࡢ㠃࠿ࡽ࠸࠼ࡤࠊ୰ᅜࡣࠕ๓㏆௦♫఍ࠖࢆ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㏻ᖖࠊ࢔࣊ࣥᡓதࡸΎᮅࠊ୰⳹Ẹᅜࢆ㏆௦ࡢቃ┠࡜ᤊ࠼ࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࢁ࠺ࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡢࠕ๓㏆௦ࠖ࡜ࡣࠕᅜẸᅜᐙࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚⤫ྜࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞
࠸࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୰ᅜࡣ⤫୍ᅜᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᝒ㢪ࢆ㐩ᡂࡋ࠼࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ᮍࡔ࡟ࠕᅜẸᅜᐙࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⤫ྜࢆᡂࡋ㐙ࡆ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵࡔࠋ1997 ᖺ࡟㤶㏉㑏࡛ᅜᐙ⤫ྜ࡟୍Ṍ㏆࡙ࡁ㤿ⱥ஑ᨻᶒࡣ୰ඹ

ᨻᶒ㸦PRC㸧࡬ࡢ᥋㏆ᨻ⟇ࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ㤿ᨻᶒࡀ㑅ᣲ࡛኱ᩋ໭ࡋࠊ㤶࡛ࡣᏛ⏕ࢹࣔࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕᅜᐙ⤫ྜࠖ࡬ࡢ༴ᶵឤࡀ෌ࡧ㧗ࡲࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࠋྎ‴࡟ᑐࡍࡿṊຊ⤫୍୺ᙇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙉ◳ㄽࡶぢ࠼㞃ࢀࡍࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≧ἣ࠿ࡽࠊḢ⡿࡛ከࠎ࣏ࢫࢺࣔࢲࣥྉࡤࢀࠊࠕ⬺ᅜᐙࠖࡸࠕࢺࣛࣥࢫࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝࠖࡀ୺
ᙇࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ୰ᅜࡣࡲࡔࡑࡢẁ㝵࡟ࡲ࡛⮳ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡘࡲࡾḢ⡿ࡸ᪥ᮏ࡜୰ᅜࡣྠࡌ᫬௦ࢆ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛␗࡞ࡿ᫬௦ࢆ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ

ᬑ㐢ⓗ౯್ࡢ㔜せᛶࢆᙉㄪࡋࠊ㏣࠸ồࡵࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ෭ᡓయไࡢṧ⁦ࡀ᏶඲࡟ᾘ⁛ࡏࡎ࡟ࠊ␗࡞ࡿ᫬௦ࢆྠ᫬࡟⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ᪥ᮏ࡜୰ᅜࡔࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡶẸ୺ࠊ⮬⏤࡜࠸ࡗࡓᬑ㐢ⓗ౯್ࢆㅻ࠸Ᏺࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀᴟࡵ࡚㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୰ᅜ࡛ࡣ⌧ᅾࠊᬑ㐢ⓗ౯್ࢆཷࡅ
ධࢀࡿ࠿ྰ࠿࡛⊛Ⅿ࡞࢖ࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮ㄽதࢆᅜෆ࡛⧞ࡾᗈࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࡇࢀࡣᅜෆࡢ᪤ᚓᶒ┈ᒙ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ
ಖᏲࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡀ⊛Ⅿ࡞᢬ᢠࢆ⧞ࡾᗈࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࢿࢵࢺࡀᬑཬࡋࠊ᝟ሗࡀ▐᫬࡟ධᡭ࡛ࡁࡿ᫬௦࡟࡞ࡗ࡚᝟ሗ⤫ไࡣᅔ㞴࡟࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࠊᕷẸព㆑ࡀ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ୰࡛ከࡃࡢ
ேࠎ࡟ཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞Ẹ୺࡜⮬⏤ࠊᶵ఍ࡢᖹ➼࡜࠸࠺ᬑ㐢౯್ࡀࡇࢀࡲ࡛௨ୖ࡟㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜
ࢆᘬࡁ⥆ࡁᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ

84

HOO Tiang Boon
Assistant Professor, S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies,
Nanyang Technological University*Please do not circulate, post or cite without author’s permission

Flexing Muscles Flexibly: China’s Regional Strategy
Conference Paper
Introduction
1.
‘There is one basic difference among us,’ China’s foreign minister Yang Jiechi reportedly
pointed out to his Southeast Asian colleagues at the 2010 ASEAN Regional Forum in Hanoi, ‘China is a
big country and you are smaller countries.’3 These words have been commonly evoked to highlight the
emerging brand of Chinese regional diplomacy that is being increasingly perceived by many observers
as ‘newly’ assertive or increasingly assertive. Other often cited examples of such purported
assertiveness include, inter alia, the 2014 oil rig incident in disputed waters off Vietnam’s coast; the 2013
declaration of a Chinese Air Defence Identification Zone (ADIZ) in the East China Sea; the occupationof the disputed Scarborough shoal since mid-2012; and the harrying of Vietnamese and Philippine
boats by Chinese paramilitary vessels. According to Alastair Iain Johnston, the prevalence ofperceptions of Chinese assertiveness is like a ‘meme’ that has ‘gone viral.’42.
This paper attempts to make better sense of China’s regional policy and behaviour in recent
years—in particular, its perceived rising assertiveness in the region. Speaking to, and contributing to,nascent scholarship and debate on China’s ‘new’ assertiveness, the paper aims to address a number ofcritical questions: Is there a consistent or coherent strategy to China’s supposed regional assertiveness?
How should we interpret China’s regional behaviour? What are some of the factors or dynamics
driving this process?

Nascent Scholarship and Debate
3.
There have only been a few works that specifically examine the issue of China’s assertiveness.5
In a recent issue of the International Security (IS) journal, Iain Johnston probes the veracity of the newly
or more assertive China narrative. Iain Johnston concludes that such a narrative is ultimately‘problematic’ and exaggerates the degree to which China’s actions have been newly assertive, though hedoes concede that concerning China’s regional maritime claims, Beijing’s conduct does appear to be
more assertive.6

3

Odd A. Westad, ‘Memo to China: Size Isn’t Everything,’ Bloomberg, 18 October 2012.

4

Alastair Iain Johnston, ‘How New and Assertive is China’s New Assertiveness?’ International Security, Vol. 37, No. 4(Spring 2013), pp. 7-48. According to survey data by Feng Huiyun and He Kai, even amongst the Chinese scholarly
community, some 63.1% of Chinese scholars at the annual conference of the Chinese Community of Political Science andInternational Studies (CCPSIS) ‘somewhat agree (with reservations)’ that China’s foreign policy has been more assertive
since 2008-2009. See Huiyun Feng and Kai He, ’Examining China’s Assertiveness through the Eyes of Chinese IR
Scholars,’ RSIS Working Paper, No. 281, 17 September 2014, pp. 1-17.
5Here, I only highlight the more representative, recent works that explicitly address the Chinese assertiveness debate.

6

It should be noted that in Iain Johnston’s article, he only focuses on events in 2010. See footnote 2.

85

4.
Bjorn Jerden pursues a similar ‘revisionist’ argument to Iain Johnston in the Chinese Journal ofInternational Politics, and argues that the assertive China narrative is basically flawed. Like Iain Johnston,Jerden notes several empirical examples that challenge the assertive China narrative. Jerden suggests
epistemological reasons—e.g. ‘information cascade, discursive determinism, realism’s prejudices’—forthe prevalence of such a narrative.7
5.
Furthering the debate is Chen Dingding and Pu Xiaoyu’s correspondence article in the IS
journal. Chen and Pu take issue with Iain Johnston’s ‘narrow’ understanding of assertiveness, andpropose that foreign policy assertiveness should be understood from a typology of (i) ‘offensive’assertiveness; (ii) ‘defensive’ assertiveness; and (iii) ‘constructive’ assertiveness.’ They conclude that
China’s diplomacy has been indeed more muscular in recent times, but that this phenomenon should be
more accurately interpreted as a form of defensive assertiveness.8

Flexible Assertiveness
6.
This paper builds on the nascent debate on the PRC’s assertiveness ‘syndrome.’9 But first, twoimportant qualifiers: for one, ‘assertiveness’ remains both a contested and taken-for-granted concept ininternational relations. There is little consensus within the literature on what constitutes assertivenessin foreign policy while at the same time, it is often assumed that one recognises assertive statebehaviour when one sees it.10 Second, the notion of assertiveness suffers from what is termed as thetyranny of perceptions. As Miles’ Law put it, ‘where you stand depends on where you sit.’ Thus,
perceptions of assertiveness encompass a degree of inherent subjectivity that cannot be objectively
eradicated.
7.
I agree with Iain Johnston that it is facile and misplaced to generalize China’s foreign policy, inparticular its regional policy, as being uniformly assertive. But Chen and Pu are also right to note that it
is unhelpful to conceive the notion of assertiveness in monolithic terms and that more analytical nuance
would be useful.
8.
I suggest here that China’s Asia policy can be better understood from the lenses and idea of
flexible assertiveness. Flexible assertiveness refers to a two-pronged foreign policy strategy thatcombines two particular aspects: one, a tougher and more uncompromising approach towards what
China regards as its core interests. The other is a more flexible and more beneficent approach towards
those interests (so-called ‘non-core’ national interests) that are perceived as less crucial, and hence,
more negotiable.
9.
Flexible assertiveness can be characterised by the Chinese axiom ‘⺜Ⲵᴤ⺜, 䖟Ⲵᴤ䖟’ (i.e.
‘hardening the hard, softening the soft’). Thus, in many respects, China’s flexible assertiveness reflects a
carrot-and-stick strategic approach, but one involving heightened costs and benefits. Chinese
commentators have noted the apparent success of this approach in the handling of the Taiwan question(for example, the passing of the 2005 anti-cessation law versus the promises of enhanced economic
integration), so some have suggested that this model be applied on a regional wide basis, in particular,
7

Bjorn Jerden, ‘The Assertive China Narrative: Why It is Wrong and How So Many Still Bought into It,’ The Chinese

Journal of International Politics, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 47-88.
8

Dingding Chen and Xiaoyu Pu, ‘Correspondence: Debating China’s Assertiveness,’ International Security, Vol. 38, No. 3(Winter 2013/14), pp. 176-183. See as well Feng and He, ’Examining China’s Assertiveness through the Eyes of Chinese IR
Scholars.’
9

Interview with Chinese scholar, Beijing, June 2014.

10

Johnston, ‘How New and Assertive is China’s New Assertiveness?’86

to China’s maritime territorial issues.11
10.
It should be emphasized that this flexible assertiveness is not just a one-dimensional,
carrot-and-stick policy; here, it is centred on the concept of China’s core national interests. This begs thefollowing question: What are China’s core interests?

China’s Core Interests
11.
In brief, the concept of core interests (Ṩᗳ࡙⳺) refers to those national interests that China
would never ‘compromise or trade’ (㔍н㜭䘰䇙ᡆ䘋㹼Ӕ᱃Ⲵ䟽 བྷ࡙⳺). Some analysts interpret thisas representing China’s ‘red lines,’ delineating those interests which China would be willing to resort toforce (not saying that it would necessarily do so).1212.
The rhetoric of core interests first appeared in Chinese diplomatic language around the
2003-2004 period as an expression and response to China’s concerns over Taiwan’s growing
independence movement.13 By 2007, according to the Chinese government portal, this concept had
been ‘incorporated’ into China’s ‘official documents and foreign affairs activities.’14 Around this time,in addition to the Taiwan issue, the Tibet and Xinjiang questions also became linked to, or were
included in, the notion of China’s core interests. However, it was only at the China-US Strategic andEconomic Dialogue (S&ED) in July 2009 that the concept was given more specific description for the
first time. State Councillor Dai Bingguo identified China’s core interests as the ‘safeguarding of its
political and economic systems and national security, sovereignty and territorial integrity, andsustainable economic and social development.’ These themes were further underlined and reiterated in
Dai’s 2010 article, ‘✂㊩崘␴⸛⍹⯽’ (Stick to the Path of Peaceful Development) and the 2011 White
Paper on ‘China’s Peaceful Development.’ As Dai put it categorically, ‘no violation of these interests willbe allowed.’15
13.
To be sure, Dai’s articulation of China’s core interests still remains relatively vague and broad.
Moreover, these interests appear to be defined in a way that suggests some degree of overlap. That said,
it is evident that three particular, mutually non-exclusive areas are of paramount importance to Beijing:(i) the continuity and perpetuation of the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) political leadership, i.e.
‘socialism with Chinese characteristics’; (ii) ensuring China’s economic and social progress; and (iii)
ensuring the non-violation of China’s political independence and territorial whole.
14.
The current Xi government has continued with the engagement of the idea and language ofChina’s core interests. At a 28 January 2013 group study session of the CCP Politburo, Xi Jinping
emphasized that:‘We will stick to the road of peaceful development but will never give up ourlegitimate rights and will never sacrifice our national core interests. No country

11

See, for example, ‘⋿㴟妋⯨䘬ℛ‍烉弗䘬㚜弗炻䠔䘬㚜䠔’ (The Key to Solving the South China Sea Conundrum:

Softening the Soft, Hardening the Hard), Zhonghua Wang Luntan, 2 February 2012; Field interviews in Beijing, March
2014.
12

‘China’s Declaration of Key Interests Misinterpreted,’ Beijing Review, 26 August 2013.

13

Caitlin Campbell, Ethan Meick, Kimberly Hsu and Craig Murray, ‘China’s “Core Interests” and the East China Sea,’

US-China Economic and Security Review Commission Research Backgrounder, 10 May 2013, pp. 1-7.
14

‘China’s Declaration of Key Interests Misinterpreted.’

15

Ibid. See as well Campbell, Meick, Hsu and Murray, ‘China’s “Core Interests” and the East China Sea.’87

should presume that we will trade our core interests or that we will allow harm to bedone to our sovereignty, security or development interests.’16
15.
The promulgation and continuation of the concept of core interests in Chinese foreign policy
discourse are informed by at least two rationales. According to the Beijing Review, the concept is about‘preventing misjudgements and reducing the possibility of conflicts.’ The logic here is that an explicit
enunciation of China’s core interests is necessary in order to ‘avoid further erosion of those interests.’
The second reason is connected to the growing public attention and sentiments paid to such interests,
in particular, Chinese territorial interests. It is suggested that rising public ‘consciousness’ of the PRC’s
territorial disputes puts pressure on the Chinese government to better protect those interests.17
16.
Not surprisingly, it is this aspect of the declared core interests, i.e. safeguard sovereignty andterritorial integrity ( ѫ ᵳ ઼ 亶 ൏ ᆼ ᮤ ), that has seen the most expression of China’s purported
assertiveness. While there has been a range of Chinese diplomatic actions labelled as ‘assertive,’ themajority of such perceived assertive activities relates overwhelmingly to questions of China’s territorial
integrity.
17.
Given that Taiwan, Tibet and Xinjiang are areas already specified at one point or another as
falling within the locus of China’s core interests, the question that has concerned many analysts (andindeed, governments) is whether the territorial claims in the East and South China Seas are being
considered by China as part of its core interests. For the reason of consistency, it would appear that
Beijing would be inclined to do so.18 Yet, interestingly, there has been scant official evidence that Beijing
has explicitly linked these maritime territorial disputes to its core interests.
18.
According to the 8 November 2010 interview of US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton by The
Australian newspaper, Clinton reportedly affirmed that Dai Bingguo told her that Beijing ‘viewed theSouth China Sea as a core interest.’ However, this assertion was not subsequently verified by Clinton
nor were there official records confirming that Dai did indeed made such remarks.19 On 26 April 2013,
in response to a question on the Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands, the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs
spokesperson Hua Chunying was reported to have answered, ‘The Diaoyu Islands are aboutsovereignty and territorial integrity. Of course, it’s China’s core interest.’ Yet, when the transcript of thepress conference was released on 28 April, the spokesperson was recorded as only saying that the
dispute ‘concerns’ the PRC’s core interests.20
19.
Therefore, based on prevailing evidence, it appears that either the issue (on whether the
maritime disputes are part of core national interests) remains a question of continuing debate within
Zhongnanhai or that the matter is being kept deliberately ambiguous by Beijing. What is clear, though,is that Beijing has ‘neither publicly confirmed nor denied’ the elevation of this issue to that of China’s
core interests. 21 One Chinese scholar describes these maritime territorial interests as ‘tacit’ core

16

‘China’s Declaration of Key Interests Misinterpreted.’

17

Ibid.

18

Conversation with Chinese analyst in Singapore, November 2014.

19

Michael Swaine, ‘China’s Assertive Behaviour: Part One: On Core Interests,’ China Leadership Monitor, No. 34, 22

February 2011, pp. 1-25.
20‘Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying’s Regular Press Conference on April 26, 2013,’ Ministry of Foreign

Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, 28 April 2013.
21

Campbell, Meick, Hsu and Murray, ‘China’s “Core Interests” and the East China Sea.’

88

interests.22

An Emerging Pattern
20.
There appears to be growing evidence that Beijing’s regional diplomacy has conformed to a
general pattern of flexible assertiveness in recent years, especially since the advent of Xi’s leadership.
On the one hand, China has pursued a discernibly tougher and more robust posture vis-à-vis its
maritime territorial claims in Asia. Most analysts (including Iain Johnston) agree that, as compared toearlier antecedents, this aspect of Chinese diplomacy has been demonstrably more assertive.23 Thisshould not be surprising because after all, these maritime claims are unavoidably related to the coreinterest of territorial integrity (even if this connection is not yet explicit).
21.
On the other hand, China has been exercising a more beneficent, more sophisticated and morenegotiable approach in its regional economic statecraft. From launching economic-centred initiatives
like the Maritime Silk Road (MSR) and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), promising
substantial infrastructure loans to regional countries, to the promotion of regional integration
frameworks such as the Free Trade Agreement of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP), we see a China that appears
more willing and committed to extend the benefits of its growth to its peripheries.

Conclusion
22.
It is sometimes said that China has been sending ‘mixed signals’ in the region in recent years.24
What I have tried to show in this paper is that, amidst these mixed signals, there is actually aconsiderable degree of coherency and pattern. By understanding China’s Asia strategy through thelenses of flexible assertiveness, we can see that Beijing has been fine-tuning its regional policy, making it
defter and more sophisticated, so as to respond to what it perceives as an increasingly complex andchallenging regional environment (especially in the wake of the US rebalance to Asia).
23.
My other aim has been to try to inject greater nuance in the understanding of the idea ofChina’s assertiveness, speaking to the extant debate on this area. Many analyses either make a proriassumptions of China’s assertiveness or make sweeping generalizations of China as an assertive power.
That is unhelpful in my opinion. As this paper has tried to argue, China’s assertiveness is not a uniform
phenomenon. It is one welded to the notion of Chinese core interests, yet encompassing considerable
flexibility for those interests deemed outside of this rubric.

22

Field interview with Chinese scholar in Beijing, March 2014.

23

See, for example, Michael Yahuda, ‘China’s New Assertiveness in the South China Sea,’ Journal of Contemporary China,

Vol. 22, No. 81, pp. 446-459.
24

Nguyen Hung Son, ‘China Sending Mixed Signals to ASEAN,’ The Straits Times, 13 May 2014.

89㸰䠊ඹദᶵ㛵䛾⤂௓㻌䠄䠍䠅䛂䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䞉䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䛃䛻䛴䛔䛶㻌䛆┠ⓗ䛇௒᪥䛾ୡ⏺䛷䛿䚸䜎䛩䜎䛩῝໬䛩䜛䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹໬䜈䛾ᑐᛂ䛿䜒䛸䜘䜚䚸୰ᅜ䜢䛿䛨䜑䛸䛩䜛᪂⯆ໃຊ䛾ྎ㢌䜔ᪧ䝋㐃ෆእ䛷䛾ᆅᨻᏛⓗ䛺ື䛝䛜ὀ┠䜢㞟䜑䛶䛔䜛䚹䛣䛖䛧䛯୰䛷䚸䜰䝆䜰ኴᖹὒㅖᅜ䛻ຍ䛘䛶䚸䛛䛴䛶䛿ᚲ䛪䛧䜒ᐃᮇⓗ䛺ᑐヰ䛜⾜䜟䜜䛶䛔䛺䛛䛳䛯㯮ᾏἢᓊㅖᅜ䠄䝻䝅䜰䚸䝖䝹䝁䚸䜴䜽䝷䜲䝘➼䠅䛺䛹䛾᪂䛧䛔䝥䝺䞊䝲䞊䛸䜒ᐁẸ୧䝺䝧䝹䛷༑ศ䛺ពᛮ␯㏻䜢ᅗ䛳䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸䛿䚸᪥ᮏ䛻䛸䛳䛶䜎䛩䜎䛩㔜せ䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䞉䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䠄The Global Forum of Japan䠅䛿䚸䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ㄆ㆑䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛶䚸Ẹ㛫䝺䝧䝹䛾⮬⏤䛺❧ሙ䛷᪥ᮏ䛾⤒῭ே䚸᭷㆑⪅䚸ᅜ఍㆟ဨ䛜ྛᅜ䛾䜹䜴䞁䝍䞊䝟䞊䝖䛸䛾㛫䛷䚸ᨻ἞䞉Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀䛛䜙⤒῭䞉㈠᫆䞉㔠⼥䜔♫఍䞉ᩥ໬䛻䛔䛯䜛┦஫䛾ඹ㏻䛾㛵ᚰ஦䛻䛴䛔䛶䚸⌧≧ㄆ㆑䜢☜ㄆ䛧䛒䛔䚸䛛䛴䛭䛾䜘䛖䛺┦஫⌮ゎ䛾῝໬䜢㋃䜎䛘䛶䚸䛥䜙䛻䛒䜛䜉䛝᪂䛧䛔⛛ᗎ䛾ᙧᡂ䜢㆟ㄽ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢┠ⓗ䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹䛆Ṕྐ䛇䠍䠕䠔䠎ᖺ䛾䝧䝹䝃䜲䝴䞉䝃䝭䝑䝖䛿䛂すഃྠ┕䛻ட⿣䛃䛸䛔䜟䜜䚸◳┤໬䚸൤ᘧ໬䛧䛯䝃䝭䝑䝖䜢෌άᛶ໬䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䚸Ẹ㛫䛾ཿᬛ䜢㤳⬻䛯䛱䛻┤᥋䜲䞁䝥䝑䝖䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜ᣦ᦬䛥䜜䛯䚹᪥⡿Ḣຍ䛾ᅄᴟ䜢௦⾲䛧䛯኱᮶బṊ㑻ඖእ┦䚸䝤䝻䝑䜽⡿㏻ၟ௦⾲䚸䝎䝡䝙䝶䞁䠡䠟๪ጤဨ㛗䚸䝷䝮䝺䜲ຍ㈠᫆┦䛾䠐ே䛜Ⓨ㉳ே䛸䛺䛳䛶䠍䠕䠔䠎ᖺ䠕᭶䛻䝽䝅䞁䝖䞁䛷ᅄᴟ䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮 (The Quadrangular Forum) 䛜⤖ᡂ䛥䜜䛯䛾䛿䚸䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺≧ἣ䜢཯ᫎ䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹䛭䛾ᚋ䚸෭ᡓ䛾⤊↉䜢㋃䜎䛘䛶䚸ᅄᴟ䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䛿Ⓨᒎⓗ䛻ゎᩓ䛧䚸௦䜟䛳䛶䠍䠕䠕䠍ᖺ䠍䠌᭶䝽䝅䞁䝖䞁䛻䛚䛔䛶᪥⡿䜢㐠Ⴀ䛾ඹྠ୺య䛸䛩䜛䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䞉䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䛜᪂䛧䛟タ❧䛥䜜䛯䚹䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䞉䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䛿䚸ᅄᴟ䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䛾㑇⏘䜢⥅ᢎ䛧䛴䛴䚸᪥⡿Ḣຍ௨እ䛻䜒ᗈ䛟䜰䝆䜰䞉ኴᖹὒ䚸䝷䝔䞁䞉䜰䝯䝸䜹䚸୰ᮾḢ䚸䝻䝅䜰䛺䛹䛾ㅖᅜ䜢䜒ᑐヰ䛾䛺䛛䛻ྲྀ䜚䛣䜏䛺䛜䜙䚸෭ᡓᚋ䛾ୡ⏺䛾┤㠃䛩䜛ㅖၥ㢟䛻䛴䛔䛶ᅜ㝿♫఍䛾ྜពᙧᡂ䛻ᐤ୚䛧䜘䛖䛸䛧䛯䚹䛣䛾㛫䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䞉䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮㐠Ⴀ䛾୰ᚰ䛿䛧䛰䛔䛻䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䞉䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮⡿ᅜ఍㆟䠄஦ົᒁ䛿ᡓ␎ᅜ㝿ၥ㢟◊✲䝉䞁䝍䞊ෆ䠅䛛䜙䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䞉䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮᪥ᮏ఍㆟䠄஦ົᒁ䛿᪥ᮏᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮ෆ䠅䛻⛣⾜䛧䛴䛴䛒䛳䛯䛜䚸䠍䠕䠕䠒ᖺ䛻ධ䜚䚸䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䞉䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮⡿ᅜ఍㆟䛜䛭䛾άື䜢೵Ṇ䛧䛯䛯䜑䚸ྠᖺ䠎᭶䠓᪥䛻㛤ദ䛥䜜䛯䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䞉䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮᪥ᮏ఍㆟ୡヰே఍䛿䚸௒ᚋ⊂❧䛧䛶᪥ᮏ䜢୰ᚰ䛻඲ୡ⏺䛸ᨺᑕ⥺≧䛻ᑐヰ䜢⤌⧊䚸ᒎ㛤䛧䛶䜖䛟䛸䛾᪉㔪䜢ᡴ䛱ฟ䛧䚸᪂䛧䛟つ⣙䜢ᐃ䜑䛶䚸௒ᚋ䛿䛂䛔䛛䛺䜛⤌⧊䛛䜙䜒⊂❧䛧䛯䛃⤌⧊䛸䛧䛶䚸䛂⮬἞䛚䜘䜃⮬ά䛾ཎ๎䛃䛻䜘䜚㐠Ⴀ䛧䛶䜖䛟䛣䛸䜢Ỵᐃ䛧䚸ྡ⛠䜒䛂䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䞉䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮᪥ᮏ఍㆟䛃䜢ᨵ䜑䛶䛂䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䞉䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䛃䛸䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹

䛆⤌⧊䛇䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䞉䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䛿䚸Ẹ㛫䚸㠀Ⴀ฼䚸㠀ඪὴ䚸⊂❧䛾❧ሙ䛻❧䛴ᨻ⟇ᚿྥ䛾▱ⓗᅜ㝿஺ὶ䛾䛯䜑䛾఍ဨไ䛾௵ពᅋయ䛷䛒䜛䚹஦ົᒁ䛿බ┈㈈ᅋἲே᪥ᮏᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮ෆ䛻⨨䛟䛜䚸᪥ᮏᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䜢ྵ䜑䛂䛔䛛䛺䜛⤌⧊䛛䜙䜒⊂❧䛧䛯䛃Ꮡᅾ䛷䛒䜛䚹ᅄᴟ䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮᪥ᮏ఍㆟䛿䚸1982 ᖺ䛻ᨾ኱᮶బṊ㑻䚸ᨾṊᒣὈ㞝䚸ᨾ㇏⏣ⱥ஧䚸ᨾ᭹㒊୍㑻䛾࿧䜃䛛䛡䛻䜘䛳䛶タ❧䛥䜜䛯䛜䚸䛭䛾ᚋ䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䞉䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䛸ᨵྡ䛧䚸⌧ᅾ䛾⤌⧊䛿኱ἙཎⰋ㞝┦ㄯᙺ䚸ఀ⸨᠇୍௦⾲ୡヰே䚸▼ᕝ⸅ᇳ⾜ୡヰே䚸Ώ㎶⧛ᖖ௵ୡヰே䛾䜋䛛䚸㇏⏣❶୍㑻䚸ⱱᮌ཭୕㑻䛾 2 ⤒῭ேୡヰே䛚䜘䜃 10 ྡ䛾⤒῭ே䝯䞁䝞䞊䚸ὸᑿ៞୍㑻䚸ᑠụⓒྜᏊ䚸㇂ᇉ⚞୍䛾䠏ᅜ఍㆟ဨୡヰே䛚䜘䜃 18 ྡ䛾ᅜ఍㆟ဨ䝯䞁䝞䞊䚸䛭䛧䛶ᓥ⏣ᬕ㞝᭷㆑⪅ୡヰே䛚䜘䜃 90 ྡ䛾᭷㆑⪅䝯䞁䝞䞊䛛䜙ᡂ䜛䚹䛆஦ᴗ䛇䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䞉䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䛿䚸䠍䠕䠔䠎ᖺ䛾๰❧௨᮶ᅄ༙ୡ⣖௨ୖ䛻䜟䛯䜚䚸⡿ᅜ䚸୰ᅜ䚸㡑ᅜ䚸ASEAN ㅖᅜ䚸䜲䞁䝗䚸㇦ᕞ䚸Ḣᕞㅖᅜ䚸㯮ᾏᆅᇦㅖᅜ➼䛾ୡ⏺䛾ᅜ䚻䚸ᆅᇦ䛸䛾㛫䛷䚸┦஫⌮ゎ䛾῝໬䛸⛛ᗎᙧᡂ䜈䛾ᐤ୚䜢┠ⓗ䛸䛧䛶┦ᡭᅜ䛾䛧䛛䜛䜉䛝ᅜ㝿஺ὶᅋయ䛸䛾ඹദᙧᘧ䛷䛂ᑐヰ䛃䠄Dialogue䠅䛸⛠䛩䜛ᨻ⟇ᚿྥ䛾▱ⓗ஺ὶ䜢ẖᖺ䠏䠉䠐ᅇᐇ᪋䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹᪥ᮏഃ䛛䜙䛷䛝䜛䛰䛡ከᩘ䛾ཧຍ⪅䜢☜ಖ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䚸ཎ๎䛸䛧䛶㛤ദᆅ䛿ᮾி䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹᭱㏆䛾ᑐヰ䝔䞊䝬䛚䜘䜃┦ᡭᅜඹദᅋయ䛿ୗグ䛾䛸䛚䜚䛷䛒䜛䚹

㛤ദᖺ᭶㻌

䝔䞊䝬

ඹദᅋయ

䠎䠌䠍䠐ᖺ䠍䠎᭶ ᪥䞉䜰䝆䜰ኴᖹὒᑐヰ䛂䝟䝽䞊䞉䝖䝷䞁䝆䝅䝵䞁䛾୰䛾䜰䝆䜰ኴᖹὒ䠖ఱᴟ䛾᫬௦䛺䛾䛛䛃᫂἞኱Ꮫ䚸す䝅䝗䝙䞊኱Ꮫ䚸බ┈㈈ᅋἲே᪥ᮏᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䠑᭶ ᪥୰ᑐヰ䛂ኚ໬䛩䜛ୡ⏺䛸᪥୰㛵ಀ䛾ᒎᮃ䛃୰ᅜ♫఍⛉Ꮫ㝔᪥ᮏ◊✲ᡤ䠄୰ᅜ䠅䠏᭶ ᪥⡿ᑐヰ䛂ኚᐜ䛩䜛ᅜ㝿䞉ᅜෆ᝟ໃ䛾ୗ䛷䛾᪥⡿ྠ┕䛃⡿ᅜ㜵኱Ꮫᅜᐙᡓ␎◊✲ᡤ䠄⡿ᅜ䠅䠍᭶ ᪥୰ᑐヰ䛂䛄᪂✵㛫䛅䛾᪥୰ಙ㢗㔊ᡂ䛻ྥ䛡䛶䛃බ┈㈈ᅋἲே᪥ᮏᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䠎䠌䠍䠏ᖺ䠍䠌᭶ ୡ⏺䛸䛾ᑐヰ䛂䛄౯್ほእ஺䛅䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䛃䝽䝅䞁䝖䞁䞉䜹䝺䝑䝆ᅜ㝿◊✲ᡤ䠄⡿ᅜ䠅䠑᭶ ᪥䞉GUAMᑐヰ䛂Ẹ୺୺⩏䛸⤒῭Ⓨᒎ䛾䛯䜑䛾᪥䞉GUAM㛵ಀ䛾ᒎᮃ䛃

GUAM㸸Ẹ୺୺⩏࡜⤒῭Ⓨᒎࡢࡓࡵࡢᶵᵓ㸦࢘ࢡࣛ࢖ࢼ㸧䠎᭶ ᪥䞉㯮ᾏᆅᇦᑐヰ䛂᪥䞉㯮ᾏᆅᇦ༠ຊ䛾Ⓨᒎ䛻ྥ䛡䛶䛃㯮ᾏ⤒῭༠ຊᶵᵓ䠍᭶ ᪥୰ᑐヰ䛂ᮍ᮶ᚿྥ䛾᪥୰㛵ಀ䛾ᵓ⠏䛻ྥ䛡䛶䛃໭ிᖌ⠊኱Ꮫ⎔ቃᏛ㝔㸦୰ᅜ㸧ୡ⏺㈨※◊✲ᡤ㸦⡿ᅜ㸧ύỤ኱Ꮫබඹ⟶⌮Ꮫ㝔㸦୰ᅜ㸧
ASEAN ᡓ␎ᅜ㝿ၥ㢟◊✲ᡤ㐃ྜ㸦ASEAN㸧䠎䠌䠍䠎ᖺ䠏᭶ ᪥䞉ASEANᑐヰ䛂ASEAN⤫ྜ䛾ᮍ᮶䛸᪥ᮏ䛾ᙺ๭䛃䠏᭶ ୡ⏺䛸䛾ᑐヰ䛂᪂⯆ᅜ䛾ྎ㢌䛸䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䞉䜺䝞䝘䞁䝇䛾ᑗ᮶䛃᚟᪦኱Ꮫ㸦୰ᅜ㸧ࠊ༡ὒ⌮ᕤ኱Ꮫ㸦ࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝ㸧䠎᭶ ᪥⡿୰ᑐヰ䛂ኚᐜ䛩䜛䜰䝆䜰ኴᖹὒᆅᇦ䛸᪥⡿୰㛵ಀ䛃࣮࢝ࢿࢠ࣮ᅜ㝿ᖹ࿴㈈ᅋ㸦⡿ᅜ㸧୰ᅜ♫఍⛉Ꮫ㝔㸦୰ᅜ㸧䠎䠌䠍䠍ᖺ䠍䠌᭶ ᪥୰ᑐヰ䛂ᒱ㊰䛻❧䛴᪥୰㛵ಀ䛃୰ᅜ⌧௦ᅜ㝿㛵ಀ◊✲㝔㸦୰ᅜ㸧䠓᭶ ⥭ᛴᑐヰ䛂ᮾ᪥ᮏ኱㟈⅏䛸㜵⅏༠ຊ䛾䛒䜚᪉䛃ᨻ⟇◊✲኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫࠊ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ
ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ඹྠయホ㆟఍䠎᭶ ᪥䞉ᮾ䜰䝆䜰ᑐヰ䛂ኚື䛩䜛ᮾ䜰䝆䜰䛸ᆅᇦ༠ຊ䜢䜑䛠䜛᪂どⅬ䛃䠎᭶ ᪥⡿ᑐヰ䛂䝇䝬䞊䝖䞉䝟䝽䞊᫬௦䛻䛚䛡䜛᪥⡿㛵ಀ䛃࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ᅜ❧኱Ꮫᅜ㝿㛵ಀᏛ㒊㸦࣋ࢺࢼ࣒㸧⡿ᡓ␎ᅜ㝿ၥ㢟◊✲ᡤ㸦⡿ᅜ㸧䠎䠌䠍䠌ᖺ䠕᭶ ᪥༳ᑐヰ䛂ᮾ䜰䝆䜰䛾䜰䞊䜻䝔䜽䝏䝱䞊䛸᪥༳㛵ಀ䛃࢖ࣥࢻၟᕤ఍㆟ᡤ㐃┕㸦࢖ࣥࢻ㸧䠑᭶ ᪥⡿ᑐヰ䛂㠀ఏ⤫ⓗᏳ඲ಖ㞀䛻䛚䛡䜛᪥⡿༠ຊ䛾᥎㐍䠖ᾏ㈫ᑐ⟇䜢䜑䛠䛳䛶䛃඲⡿࢔ࢪ࢔◊✲ᡤ㸦⡿ᅜ㸧䠎᭶ ᪥୰ᑐヰ䛂䠎䠍ୡ⣖䛻䛚䛡䜛᪥୰⎔ቃ༠ຊ䛾᥎㐍䠖ᚠ⎔ᆺ♫఍䛾ᵓ⠏䛻䜐䛡䛶䛃໭ிᖌ⠊኱Ꮫ⎔ቃᏛ㝔㸦୰ᅜ㸧䠍᭶ ᪥䞉㯮ᾏᆅᇦᑐヰ䛂ኚ໬䛩䜛㯮ᾏᆅᇦ䛾ᒎᮃ䛸᪥ᮏ䛾ᙺ๭䛃㯮ᾏ⤒῭༠ຊᶵᵓࠊ㥔᪥ࢺࣝࢥ኱౑㤋ࠊ㥔᪥ࣈࣝ࢞ࣜ࢔
኱౑㤋ࠊ㟼ᒸ┴❧኱Ꮫ

90䛆䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䞉䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮ୡヰே䞉䝯䞁䝞䞊➼ྡ⡙䛇ୡヰேྡ⡙㸦➨10ᮇ㸸2014ᖺ2᭶1᪥㹼2016ᖺ1᭶31᪥㸧࠙┦ㄯᙺࠚ  ኱Ἑཎ Ⰻ 㞝 ி㒔኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᩍᤵᒸ 㷂 ೺ ஧ᑠ➟ཎ 㧗 㞷 ᒣ᲍Ꮫ㝔኱ᏛᩍᤵᑠṈᮌ ᨻ ኵ ៞᠕⩏ሿ኱Ꮫྡ㄃ᩍᤵ㤶 ᕝ ᩄ ᖾ ៞᠕⩏ሿ኱Ꮫྡ㄃ᩍᤵ  ⚄ ㇂ ୓ ୔ ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛୖᖍ◊✲ဨἙ ྜ ṇ ᘯ ᮾி኱Ꮫྡ㄃ᩍᤵἙ ᮾ ဴ ኵ
 Japan and World Trends௦⾲  ᮌ ୗ ༤ ⏕
 ඲ᅜ୰ᑠ௻ᴗ᝟ሗ໬ಁ㐍ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ཧ୚  ᮌ ᮧ ᓫ அ እົ┬ཧ୚⾜ ኳ ㇏ 㞝 ᅜ㝿㏻㈌◊✲ᡤ⌮஦㛗  ஂ ಖ ᩥ ᫂ ᮾி኱Ꮫᩍᤵ  ᅜ ศ Ⰻ ᡂ 㜵⾨኱Ꮫᰯ㛗  ᮌ ᬽ ṇ ⩏
 ඖᮾὒ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ
  ᴬ ཎ ⱥ ㈨㟷ᒣᏛ㝔኱Ꮫᩍᤵ  ᆏ ᮏ ṇ ᘯ ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛୖᖍ◊✲ဨ  బ ᓥ ┤ Ꮚ  ᑓಟ኱Ꮫᩍᤵᓥ ⏣ ᬕ 㞝 ༓ⴥၟ⛉኱ᏛᏛ㛗  ⓑ ▼   㝯 ᨻ⟇◊✲኱Ꮫ㝔኱ᏛᏛ㛗ᮎ ᯇ ⩏ つ ඖ⾗㆟㝔㆟ဨ  ᮡ ᒣ ᩥ ᙪ
 ᫬஦㏻ಙ♫እಙ㒊㛗  ῧ ㇂ ⰾ ⚽ ៞᠕⩏ሿ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ  ᭮ ᰿ Ὀ ᩍ ៞᠕⩏ሿ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᩍᤵ  ⤇ ⏣ ⱥ ဢ ᅜ㝿ᩍ㣴኱Ꮫ⌮஦࣭ᩍᤵ㧗 ᓥ ⫕ ஂ ᮾி೜ᴦ㒊⌮஦㛗  㧗 ᶫ ୍ ⏕ ඖᅜ㝿ᇶ╩ᩍ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ  㧗 ཎ ᫂ ⏕ᮾி኱Ꮫᩍᤵ  ⏣ஂಖ ᛅ ⾨ ᮥᯘ኱Ꮫྡ㄃ᩍᤵ ➉ ෆ ⾜ ኵ ๓᭱㧗⿢ุᡤุ஦➉ ୰ ⦾ 㞝 ๓࢔ࢪ࢔⏕⏘ᛶᶵᵓ஦ົ⥲㛗 ⏣ ᓥ 㧗 ᚿ ඖ㥔࢝ࢼࢲ኱౑⏣ ୰ ᫂ ᙪᅜ㝿༠ຊᶵᵓ⌮஦㛗⏣ ୰ ಇ 㑻 ៞᠕⩏ሿ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ  ㇂ 㔝 సኴ㑻 ඖ㥔୰ᅜ኱౑⏣ ཎ ⥲୍ᮁ ホㄽᐙ༓ 㔝 ቃ Ꮚ ⏘⤒᪂⪺♫≉ูグ⪅㐨 ఇ ㄔ୍㑻 ඖ⾗㆟㝔㆟ဨ  ᮾ 㒓 ࿴ ᙪ ி㒔⏘ᴗ኱Ꮫୡ⏺ၥ㢟◊✲ᡤ㛗୰ ව ࿴ὠḟ 㟷ᒣᏛ㝔኱Ꮫᩍᤵ୰ ཎ ఙ அ ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝◊✲᣺⯆఍⌮஦㛗୰ ᯘ ⨾ᜨᏊ ඖ⾗㆟㝔㆟ဨす ᕝ   ᜨ ẖ᪥᪂⪺♫እಙ㒊ᑓ㛛⦅㞟ጤဨ  ⿙ ⏣ ⱱ ᶞ ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛホ㆟ဨ  ⶈ ぢ   㞝 ❧ṇ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ  㛗㇂ᕝ ࿴ ᖺ ඖ㥔࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔኱౑⏿     ᜨ స᪂Ꮫ㝔⌮஦㛗  ᭹ 㒊 ೔ ༟ ࣟࢩ࢔㹌㹇㹑⤒῭◊✲ᡤḟ㛗㬀 ᒣ ⏤⣖ኵ ඖ⾗㆟㝔㆟ဨ  ⩚ ሙ ஂ⨾Ꮚ 㟷ᒣᏛ㝔኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᩍᤵᘅ ℩ 㝧 Ꮚ៞᠕⩏ሿ኱Ꮫ෸ᩍᤵᘅ 㔝 Ⰻ ྜྷᡂ㋣኱Ꮫྡ㄃ᩍᤵ⚟ ᔱ ㍤ ᙪ 㜵⾨኱Ꮫᰯᩍᤵᮏ ⏣ ᝋ ᮁ 㟼ᒸ┴❧኱Ꮫᩍᤵ  ┾ 㔝 ㍤ ᙪ ඖᮾி୕⳻㖟⾜ᙺဨ  ᐑ ᮏ ಙ ⏕ እ஺ホㄽᐙ  භ 㮵 ⱱ ኵ 㟼ᒸ┴❧኱Ꮫᩍᤵ  ᮧ ⏣ ᫭ Ⴙ ྠᚿ♫኱Ꮫᩍᤵ
▼Ἔኳ↛࢞ࢫ࣭㔠ᒓ㖔≀㈨※ᶵᵓ୺ᖍ◊✲ဨ  ᮏ ᮧ ┿ ⃈  ᳃   ᩄ ග  ඖ㥔࢝ࢨࣇࢫࢱࣥ኱౑᳃ ᮏ   ᩄ ᣅṪ኱Ꮫ≉௵ᩍᤵᒣ ෆ ᫀ அ  ᫂἞኱Ꮫ≉௵ᩍᤵ  ᒣ ⃝ 㐓 ᖹ ୍ᶫ኱Ꮫྡ㄃ᩍᤵ  ‫ ‮‬ὸ   ๛ 㜵⾨◊✲ᡤ୺௵◊✲ᐁ  ‫ ‮‬ୗ ༤ அඖ㥔ࣇ࢕ࣜࣆࣥ኱౑  ྜྷ ᓮ ▱ ඾ 㜵⾨◊✲ᡤ⌮ㄽ◊✲㒊㒊㛗Ώ ㎶   ⧛ ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛᖖົ⌮஦Ώ 㑔 㢗 ⣧ ៞᠕⩏ሿ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ
㸦஬༑㡢㡰㸧 ୡ⏺ᖹ࿴◊✲ᡤ⌮஦࠙௦⾲ୡヰேࠚ  ఀ ⸨ ᠇ ୍ ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ⌮஦㛗࠙ᇳ⾜ୡヰேࠚ  ▼ ᕝ   ⸅ ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛᑓົ⌮஦࠙ᖖ௵ୡヰேࠚ  Ώ ㎶   ⧛᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛᖖົ⌮஦࠙⤒῭ேୡヰேࠚ  ㇏ ⏣ ❶୍㑻  ⱱ ᮌ ཭୕㑻 ࢺࣚࢱ⮬ື㌴ྡ㄃఍㛗 ࢟ࢵࢥ࣮࣐ࣥྲྀ⥾ᙺྡ㄃఍㛗ྲྀ⥾ᙺ఍㆟㛗

࠙ᅜ఍㆟ဨୡヰேࠚὸ ᑿ ៞୍㑻ᑠ ụ ⓒྜᏊ㇂ ᇉ ⚞ ୍ ⾗㆟㝔㆟ဨ㸦↓ᡤᒓ㸧 ⾗㆟㝔㆟ဨ㸦⮬⏤Ẹ୺ඪ㸧 ⾗㆟㝔㆟ဨ㸦⮬⏤Ẹ୺ඪ㸧࠙᭷㆑⪅ୡヰேࠚ  ᓥ ⏣ ᬕ 㞝 ༓ⴥၟ⛉኱ᏛᏛ㛗                   -------------------------------------------------------------࣓ࣥࣂ㸫ྡ⡙࠙⤒῭ே࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࠚ㸦㸯㸮ྡ㸧▼ ᕝ   ὒ௒ ஭   ᩗ㇏ ⏣ ❶୍㑻༙ ⏣ ᬕ ஂᐑ ᓮ ಇ ᙪⱱ ᮌ ཭୕㑻Ᏺ ᮧ   ༟▮ ཱྀ ᩄ ࿴  ᒣ ᮏ ᛅ ே  㸦 ᮍ ᐃ 㸧 㮵ᓥᘓタྲྀ⥾ᙺᑓົᇳ⾜ᙺဨ ᪂᪥㚩ఫ㔠ྡ㄃఍㛗 ࢺࣚࢱ⮬ື㌴ྡ㄃఍㛗 ୡ⏺㛤Ⓨ༠ຊᶵᵓ⥲⿢ව࣑ࢫࢬྲྀ⥾ᙺ♫㛗 ᪥ᮏど⫈ぬ♫௦⾲ྲྀ⥾ᙺ ࢟ࢵࢥ࣮࣐ࣥྲྀ⥾ᙺྡ㄃఍㛗ྲྀ⥾ᙺ఍㆟㛗 ୕⳻ᮾிUFJ㖟⾜๪㢌ྲྀ ࣅࣝ௦⾜௦⾲ྲྀ⥾ᙺ♫㛗 ᐩኈࢮࣟࢵࢡࢫ௦⾲ྲྀ⥾ᙺ♫㛗 ᪥ᮏ㟁ಙ㟁ヰ࠙ᅜ఍㆟ဨ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࠚ㸦㸯㸶ྡ㸧  ὸ ᑿ ៞୍㑻  ⾗㆟㝔㆟ဨ 㸦↓ᡤᒓ㸧  ኱ ୵ ༤ ᚿࠌ㸦Ẹ୺ඪ㸧ᰠ ἑ ᮍ ㏵ࠌ㸦⤖࠸ࡢඪ㸧 ᑠ ụ ⓒྜᏊࠌ㸦⮬⏤Ẹ୺ඪ㸧㜰 ཱྀ ┤ ேࠌ㸦᪥ᮏ⥔᪂ࡢ఍㸧ሷ ᓮ ᜤ ஂࠌ㸦⮬⏤Ẹ୺ඪ㸧㕥 ᮌ 㤾 ♸ࠌ㸦⮬⏤Ẹ୺ඪ㸧㇂ ᇉ ⚞ ୍ࠌ㸦⮬⏤Ẹ୺ඪ㸧୰ ᕝ ṇ ᫓ࠌ㸦Ẹ୺ඪ㸧㛗 ᓥ ᫛ ஂࠌ㸦Ẹ୺ඪ㸧⣽ ⏣ ༤ அࠌ㸦⮬⏤Ẹ୺ඪ㸧  ᒣ ཱྀ   ኋࠌ㸦Ẹ୺ඪ㸧  ⊦ ཱྀ 㑥 Ꮚ  ཧ㆟㝔㆟ဨ 㸦⮬⏤Ẹ୺ඪ㸧ୡ ⪔ ᘯ ᡂࠌ㸦⮬⏤Ẹ୺ඪ㸧  ᯘ   ⰾ ṇࠌ㸦⮬⏤Ẹ୺ඪ㸧  ⸨ ⏣ ᖾ ஂ
ࠌ
㸦Ẹ୺ඪ㸧
㸦Ẹ୺ඪ㸧
  ∾ ᒣ ࡦࢁ࠼ࠌᯇ ⏣ බ ኴࠌ㸦ࡳࢇ࡞ࡢඪ㸧 ࠙᭷㆑⪅࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࠚ㸦㸷㸮ྡ㸧 ឡ ▱ ࿴ ⏨
 ᪥ᮏᡓ␎◊✲ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ⌮஦㛗  㟷 ᮌ   ಖ 㟷ᒣᏛ㝔኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔≉௵ᩍᤵ  ᫂ ▼   ᗣ ᅜ㝿ᩥ໬఍㤋⌮஦㛗  ᮅ ᾏ ࿴ ኵ ඖ㥔࣑࣐࣮ࣕࣥ኱౑
㜿᭮ᮧ 㑥 ᫛ ࣀ࣮ࢫ࢔ࢪ࢔኱Ꮫᩍᤵ  ኳ ඣ   ្ ᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫᩍᤵ  ụ ᑿ ឡ Ꮚ ᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫᩍᤵ  ▼ ᕝ   ⸅ ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛᑓົ⌮஦  ▼㒓ᒸ   ᘓ ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺ  ఀ㇋ぢ   ඖ 㟼ᒸ┴❧኱Ꮫᩍᤵᕷ ᕝ ఀ୕ኵ ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ┘஦  ఀ ⸨ ⱥ ᡂඖ⾗㆟㝔㆟ဨ ఀ ⸨ ᠇ ୍ ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ⌮஦㛗ఀ ⸨   ๛ ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛୖᖍ◊✲ဨఀ ዉ ஂ ႐ ᪥ᮏ⤒῭᪂⪺≉ู⦅㞟ጤဨ  ⊦ ཱྀ   Ꮥ᪂₲┴❧኱ᏛᏛ㛗  ᒾ ᅧ ဴ ே ඖ⾗㆟㝔㆟ဨ  ᒾ 㛫 㝧 Ꮚᨻ⟇◊✲኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫᩍᤵ  ෆ ᾏ ၿ 㞝 ᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫᐈဨᩍᤵ  ᾆ ⏣ ⚽ḟ㑻 ᪩✄⏣኱ᏛᩍᤵᏱ ᒣ ᬛ ᙪ ໭ᾏ㐨኱Ꮫࢫࣛࣈ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᩍᤵ᳜ ⏣ 㝯 Ꮚ ᅜ㝿ᇶ╩ᩍ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ
኱Ἑཎ Ⰻ 㞝 ୡ⏺ᖹ࿴◊✲ᡤ⌮஦ ኱ Ꮿ ᫎ Ꮚ ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛホ㆟ဨ࣭ホㄽᐙ--------------------------------------------------------------࠙஦ົᒁ㛗ࠚ㧗 ⏿ ὒ ᖹ91

 ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ୺௵◊✲ဨ䠄䠎䠅䛂᫂἞኱Ꮫ䛃䛻䛴䛔䛶㻌㻌᫂἞኱Ꮫࡣ㸯㸶㸶㸯ᖺ㸯᭶ࠊ㏆௦ᅜᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⮬❧ࡀᛴົ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ୰ࠊࡲࡔ㸱㸮ṓࡓࡽࡎࡢ㟷ᖺἲᚊᐙ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠊᓊᮏ㎮㞝ࠊᐑᇛᾈⶶࠊ▮௦᧯࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᫂἞ἲᚊᏛᰯ࡜ࡋ࡚๰❧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࢃࡀᅜ㏆௦ࡢⲡ๰ᮇ࡟ࠕࢃࡀᅜࡢ㏆௦ᕷẸ♫఍ࢆᢸ࠺⪽᫂࡞ⱝ⪅ࢆ⫱࡚ࡓ࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺㸱ேࡢ⇕࠸᝿࠸ࡀࠊ᫂἞ἲᚊᏛᰯࡢ๰❧࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓࠋ
ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚Ꮫၥ࣭ᩍ⫱ࡢሙ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄌ⏕ࡋࡓ᫂἞኱Ꮫࡣࠊ௒᪥ࡲ࡛ᗄከࡢᅔ㞴࡟┤㠃ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡶࠊ
ᖖ࡟⮬⏤ࡢ㚝ࢆ㬆ࡽࡋࡘ࡙ࡅࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶ᭷ᩘࡢ⚾❧኱Ꮫ࡜ࡋ࡚Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ
᫂἞኱Ꮫࡣࠗᶒ฼⮬⏤࠘ࠗ⊂❧⮬἞࠘ࢆᘓᏛࡢᇶᮏ⌮ᛕ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ㉁ᐇ๛೺ࠖࠕ᪂ࡋ࠸▱ࡢ๰㐀ࠖࠕ᫬௦ࡢせㄳࠖ࡟ᛂ࠼ࡿேᮦࡢ⫱ᡂ࡟ດࡵࠊ㸳㸮୓ேࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ༞ᴗ⏕ࢆ♫఍࡟㏦ࡾฟࡋࠊࢃࡀ
ᅜࡢⓎᒎ࡟኱ࡁࡃ㈉⊩ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ㏆ᖺࡣᘓᏛࡢ⢭⚄ࢆࡶ࡜࡟ࠕࠗಶ࠘ࢆᙉࡃࡍࡿ኱Ꮫࠖࡢࢫ࣮ࣟ
࢞ࣥࢆᥖࡆࠊྛ⏺ࡢ୰ᯡ࡛ά㌍ࡍࡿከࡃࡢ༞ᴗ⏕ࡶࠊ♫఍ⓗ࡟㧗ࡃホ౯ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
᫂἞኱Ꮫ࡟ࡣ⌧ᅾࠊἲᏛ㒊࣭ၟᏛ㒊࣭ᨻ἞⤒῭Ꮫ㒊࣭ᩥᏛ㒊࣭⌮ᕤᏛ㒊࣭㎰Ꮫ㒊࣭⤒ႠᏛ㒊࣭᝟ሗࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᏛ㒊࣭ᅜ㝿᪥ᮏᏛ㒊࣭⥲ྜᩘ⌮Ꮫ㒊ࡢ㸯㸮Ꮫ㒊࠾ࡼࡧ኱Ꮫ㝔㸯㸰◊✲⛉࡜ࠊ㧗ᗘᑓ㛛⫋ᴗேࡢ㣴ᡂࢆᅗࡿἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㸦ἲົ◊✲⛉㸧ࠊᑓ㛛⫋኱Ꮫ㝔㸦࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ◊✲⛉ࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࣅࢪࢿࢫ◊✲⛉ࠊ఍ィᑓ㛛⫋◊✲⛉㸧ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ௜ᒓ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࣭୰Ꮫ
ᰯࢆࡶ᧦ࡍࡿ᪥ᮏᒅᣦࡢ⥲ྜ኱Ꮫ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢᆅ఩ࢆ☜ᅛࡓࡿࡶࡢ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㥴Ἑྎ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ࣭࿴Ἠ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ࣭⏕⏣࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫࡢ㸱࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ࡟ຍ࠼ࠊ㸰㸮㸯㸱ᖺ㸲᭶࡟ᅜ㝿໬࣭ඛ➃◊✲࣭♫఍㐃ᦠࡢᣐⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚୰㔝࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫࡀㄌ⏕ࡋࡓࠋྛ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ࡟ࡣ
ඃࢀࡓᩍᤵ㝕࡟ຍ࠼ࠊᩍ⫱࣭◊✲ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᩘከࡃࡢ௜ᒓᶵ㛵ࡸ᪋タࠊㄢእάືࡢࡓࡵࡢㅖタഛ➼ࠊ᭱᪂ࡢ᪋タࡀᩚഛࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㥴Ἑྎ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ࡟ࡣࠊ᭱᪂ࡢ᝟ሗ࢖ࣥࣇࣛࢆഛ࠼ࡓᆅୖ
㸰㸱㝵࣭ᆅୗ㸱㝵ࡢࠕࣜࣂࢸ࢕ࢱ࣮࣡ࠖ
ࠊ⏕ᾭᩍ⫱ࡸ㧗ᗘᑓ㛛⫋ᴗே㣴ᡂᆺ኱Ꮫ㝔ࡢᣐⅬ࡜࡞ࡿࠕ࢔࢝ࢹ࣑࣮ࢥࣔࣥࠖࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ㸰㸮㸯㸱ᖺ㸲᭶࡟ࡣࠕୡ⏺࡟Ⓨಙࡍࡿ᭱ඛ➃ࡢ◊✲ᣐⅬ࡜㝡෬ࡢሙࠖࢆࢥࣥࢭࣉࢺ࡜ࡋࡓ᪂ᩍ⫱࣭◊✲Ჷࠕࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࣇࣟࣥࢺࠖࡀ᏶ᡂࡋࡓࠋ
᫂἞኱Ꮫࡣࠊ㸰㸯ୡ⣖ࢆᢸ࠺᪥ᮏ୍ࡢ㒔ᚰᆺ኱Ꮫ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊୡ⏺࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ㣕㌍ࢆ┠ᣦࡍࠋ92䠄䠏䠅䛂す䝅䝗䝙䞊኱Ꮫ䛃䛻䛴䛔䛶㻌㻌すࢩࢻࢽ࣮኱Ꮫࡣࠊ㸯㸷㸶㸶ᖺ࡟ࢽ࣮࣭ࣗࢧ࢘ࢫ࣭࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬᕞ㆟఍࡛ྍỴࡉࢀࡓすࢩࢻࢽ࣮኱Ꮫ㸯㸷㸶㸶ᖺỴ㆟࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊ㸯㸷㸶㸷ᖺ㸯᭶㸯᪥࡟㛤ᰯࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࡢ๓㌟ࡣ㸯㸶㸷㸯ᖺࡢ࣮࣍ࢡࢫ࣋ࣜ㎰ᴗ኱Ꮫࡢタ❧ࡲ࡛ࡉ࠿ࡢࡰࡿࠋ㸯㸷㸶㸶ᖺỴ㆟࡛ࡣࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢ㸰ࡘࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࣮࣍ࢡࢫ࣋ࣜ㎰ᴗ኱Ꮫ࡜ࢿࣆ࢔ࣥ㧗➼ᩍ⫱Ꮫ㝔ࡢ㐃ྜ࡟ࡼࡿ኱Ꮫࡀసࡽࢀࡓ
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㐃ྜ኱Ꮫタ❧ࡢᚋࠊ୧ᰯࡣࠕすࢩࢻࢽ࣮኱Ꮫ࣮࣍ࢡࢫ࣋ࣜᰯ㸦UWS Hawkesbury㸧ࠖ࡜ࠕすࢩࢻࢽ࣮኱Ꮫࢿࣆ࢔ࣥᰯ㸦UWS Nepean㸧ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
㸯㸷㸶㸷ᖺࠊඛࡢỴ㆟ࡣすࢩࢻࢽ࣮኱Ꮫ㸯㸷㸶㸷ᖺᨵṇỴ㆟㸦Ỵ㆟㸯㸰㸶ྕࠊ㸯㸷㸶㸷ᖺྍỴ㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᨵṇࡉࢀࠊྠᖺ㸯㸯᭶㸯᪥ࢆࡶࡗ࡚࣐ࢵ࣮࢝ࢧ࣮㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵ࡀ㐃ྜࡢ㸱␒┠ࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ᰯ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ᪂࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫࡣࠕすࢩࢻࢽ࣮኱Ꮫ࣐ࢵ࣮࢝ࢧ࣮ᰯ㸦UWS Macarthur㸧ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ㸯㸷㸷㸳ᖺ࡟ࡣ኱Ꮫࡢ෌ᑂᰝࡀ㛤ጞࡉࢀࡓࠋᑂᰝጤဨ఍ࡢሗ࿌᭩
㸦ࣟࢪ࣮ࣕࢬ࣭࣏࣮ࣞࢺ㸧࡟ࡼࡿ኱Ꮫ෌ᵓ⠏ࡢᥦゝ࡟ᚑ࠸ࠊすࢩࢻࢽ࣮኱Ꮫࡣ๪Ꮫ㛗ᐊࠊ࣮࣍ࢡࢫ࣋ࣜᰯࠊ࣐ࢵ࣮࢝ࢧ࣮ᰯࠊࢿࣆ࢔ࣥᰯࡢ┦஫࡟㐃ᦠࡍࡿ㸲㒊㛛࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ᪂ࡓ࡞㐃ྜࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
᪂ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣࠊすࢩࢻࢽ࣮኱Ꮫࡀඹ㏻ࡢ┠ⓗ࡜౯್ࢆᣢࡘ㸯ࡘࡢᶵ㛵࡜ࡋ࡚ᅜෆእ࡛௦⾲ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆಖドࡋࡘࡘࠊྛ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ᰯ࡟ᆅඖᆅᇦࡢせồ࡟㎿㏿࠿ࡘᰂ㌾࡟ᛂ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢ⮬୺ᛶࢆ୚࠼ࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ୺࡞฼Ⅼࡣࠊྛ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ᰯࡢᙉࡳࢆ㊊᥃࠿ࡾ࡟ࡋࡓᶵ఍ࢆᚓ
ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࠊྛ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ᰯࡀ༢⊂࡛ࡣ㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ┠ᶆࢆタᐃ࣭㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗ
ࡓࠋࢥ࣮ࢫࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡜ᐇ᪋ࠊᏛ⏕ࡢධヨ࡜㑅⪃ࠊ◊✲ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ❧ࡕୖࡆ࡜⟶⌮ࠊ⫋ဨࡢே஦ࠊ
ࢥࣥࢧࣝࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࡸ௻ᴗⓗάືࡢ㛤ᣅࠊ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫࡢタഛࡸ㈨⏘ࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡜⥔ᣢ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊྛ
࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ᰯ࡟┦ᙜࡢ⮬୺ᛶ࡜㈐௵ࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
㸯㸷㸷㸵ᖺ㸯㸯᭶㸰㸴᪥࡟ࡣࠊすࢩࢻࢽ࣮኱Ꮫ㸯㸷㸷㸵ᖺỴ㆟㸦Ỵ㆟㸯㸯㸴ྕࠊ㸯㸷㸷㸵ᖺྍỴ㸧ࡀᅜ఍࡛ྍỴࡉࢀࠊ㸯㸷㸷㸶ᖺ㸯᭶㸯᪥࡟ඖࡢỴ㆟࡟௦ࢃࡗ࡚᪋⾜ࡉࢀࡓࠋ㸯㸷㸷㸷ᖺᮎࠊ኱Ꮫ඲య࡛ࡢ༠㆟ࡢᚋࠊ๪Ꮫ㛗ᐊ࠿ࡽ኱Ꮫホ㆟ဨ఍࡟኱つᶍ࡞኱Ꮫ෌ᵓ⠏ࡢᥦゝࡀᥦฟࡉࢀࡓࠋホ㆟ဨ఍ࡣ෌ᵓ⠏ࢆ኱➽࡛ㄆྍࡋࠊ᪂యไⓎᒎࡢࡓࡵࡢヲ⣽࡞సᴗࡀጞࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡜
࡞ࡗࡓࠋ㸰㸮㸮㸯ᖺึ㢌ࡼࡾࠊすࢩࢻࢽ࣮኱Ꮫࡣ㐃ྜ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ」ᩘࡢ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫࢆᣢࡘ୍ࡘ
ࡢ኱Ꮫ࡜ࡋ࡚ጞືࡋࡓࠋ
᪂యไࡣࠊ㸰㸮㸮㸯ᖺࡢணᐃ࡛ᴫせࡀࡲ࡜ࡵࡽࢀࠊ㸰㸮㸮㸰ᖺࡢணᐃ࡛ᨵṇࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࠋ⌧ᅾࠊすࢩࢻࢽ࣮኱Ꮫࡣࣂࣥࢡࢫࢱ࢘ࣥࠊࣈࣛࢵࢡࢱ࢘ࣥࠊ࢟ࣕࣥ࣋ࣝࢱ࢘ࣥࠊ࣮࣍ࢡࢫ࣋ࣜࠊ
ࣃ࣐ࣛࢵࢱࠊ࣌ࣥࣜࢫࡢ㸴ࡘࡢ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋすࢩࢻࢽ࣮኱Ꮫࡣࠊⴭྡ࡞ࢱ࢖࣒ࢬ࣭
ࣁ࢖࢔࣮࣭࢚ࢹࣗࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㸦㹒㹆㹃㸧ࡢ㸰㸮㸯㸲㹼㸰㸮㸯㸳ᖺୡ⏺኱Ꮫࣛࣥ࢟ࣥࢢ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ
ୡ⏺ࡢࢺࢵࣉ㸲㸮㸮኱Ꮫࡢ㸯ࡘ࡟ᩘ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡣࡌࡵ࡚㸱㸳㸯㹼㸲㸮㸮఩ࡢᒙ࡟ධࡾ㎸ࡳࠊୡ⏺ࡢࢺࢵࣉ㸰ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺࡢ኱Ꮫࡢ㸯ࡘ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

93䠄䠐䠅䛂බ┈㈈ᅋἲே㻌 ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䛃䛻䛴䛔䛶㻌࠙タ❧ࠚ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ㸦The Japan Forum on International Relations, Inc.㸧ࡣࠊᨻᗓ࠿ࡽ⊂❧ࡋࡓẸ㛫࣭㠀Ⴀ฼ࡢእ஺࣭ᅜ㝿ၥ㢟࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⥲ྜⓗ࡞◊✲࣭ᥦゝᶵ㛵ࢆ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡶタ❧ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡢ
ㄆ㆑࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊᨾ᭹㒊୍㑻ึ௦⌮஦㛗ࡼࡾ㸰൨෇ࡢᇶᮏ㈈⏘ࡢฟᤑࢆཷࡅࠊ㸯㸷㸶㸵ᖺ㸱᭶࡟ᨾ኱᮶బṊ㑻ึ௦఍㛗ࡢࡶ࡜࡛ࠊ఍ဨไࡢᨻ⟇ᚿྥࡢࢩࣥࢡࢱࣥࢡ࡜ࡋ࡚タ❧ࡉࢀࠊ㸰㸮㸯㸯ᖺ㸲᭶࡟බ┈㈈ᅋἲே࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ࠙┠ⓗࠚᙜࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࡣࠊࢃࡀᅜࡢᑐእ㛵ಀࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࠾ࡼࡧᅜ㝿♫఍ࡢㅖၥ㢟ࡢゎỴ⟇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᗈ
⠊࡞ᅜẸⓗ❧ሙ࠿ࡽࠊㅖእᅜࡢኌ࡟ࡶ⪥ࢆഴࡅࡘࡘࠊᖖ᫬⥅⥆ⓗ࡟ㄪᰝࠊ◊✲ࠊᑂ㆟ࠊᥦゝࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢㄪᰝࠊ◊✲ࠊᑂ㆟ࡢᡂᯝࢆୡ࡟ၥ࠸ࠊࡲࡓᥦゝࡢෆᐜࡢᐇ⌧ࢆᅗࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᚲせ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿⓎಙ࣭஺ὶ࣭ၨⓎ➼ࡢ஦ᴗࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡶࡗ࡚ࢃࡀᅜ࠾ࡼࡧᅜ㝿♫఍ࡢᖹ࿴࡜⦾ᰤ࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚άືࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠙⤌㆑ࠚ᭱㧗ពᚿỴᐃᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡿホ㆟ဨ఍ࡢࡶ࡜࡟ࠊᇳ⾜ᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡿ⌮஦఍ࠊ┘ᰝᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡿ┘஦ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ㅎၥᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡿ㢳ၥ఍㆟࡜ཧ୚఍㆟ࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ⌮஦఍ࡢࡶ࡜࡟ࠊᙜࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࡢ
ᴗົࢆᨭ᥼ࡋࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ㈈ົጤဨ఍ࠊ㐠Ⴀጤဨ఍ࠊᨻ⟇ጤဨ఍ࠊ⥭ᛴᥦゝጤဨ఍ࡢ 4 ࡘࡢጤဨ఍࠾ࡼࡧ◊✲ᐊࠊ஦ົᒁࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
࠙ᑓ㛛ࠚ㸦㸯㸧ᅜ㝿ᨻ἞࣭እ஺࣭Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀➼ࠊ㸦㸰㸧ᅜ㝿⤒῭࣭㈠࣭᫆㔠⼥࣭㛤Ⓨ᥼ຓ➼ࠊ㸦㸱㸧⎔ቃ࣭ேཱྀ࣭࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࣭㣗⣊࣭㜵⅏➼ࡢᆅ⌫ⓗつᶍࡢㅖၥ㢟ࠊ㸦㸲㸧࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࠊࣟࢩ࢔ࠊ୰ᅜࠊ࢔ࢪ
࢔ࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ➼ࡢᆅᇦ◊✲ࠊ㸦㸳㸧ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ඹྠయᵓ᝿࡟㛵ࢃࡿㅖၥ㢟ࠊ㸦㸴㸧ேᶒ࡜Ẹ୺໬ࠊ⣮தண㜵࡜ᖹ࿴ᵓ⠏ࠊᩥ᫂ࡢᑐ❧ࠊ᝟ሗ㠉࿨➼ࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ㅖၥ㢟ࠋ࠙άືࠚ㸦㸯㸧ᨻ⟇ጤဨ఍➼࡟ࡼࡿྛ✀ࡢᨻ⟇ᥦゝάືࠊ㸦㸰㸧࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪୖ࡟タ⨨ࡉࢀࡓ e-ㄽቭࠕⓒⰼᩧᨺࠖ࡟࠾ࡅࡿබ㛤ウㄽάືࠊ㸦㸱㸧ཎ๎࡜ࡋ࡚ᮇ㛫ࢆ≉ᐃࡋࡓࠕ◊✲ᐊάືࠖ࡜ࠊࡑࡢᯟࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࡋࡤࡋࡤỌ⥆ⓗ࡞ࠕ≉ู◊✲άືࠖ࠿ࡽᡂࡿㄪᰝ◊✲άືࠊ㸦㸲㸧ྛ✀ᅜ㝿఍㆟࣭ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡢ㛤ദࡸᑓ㛛ᐙ➼ࡢὴ㐵ࠊཷධ➼ࡢᅜ㝿஺ὶάືࠊ
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