Paper Technology Journal

Global economy and the paper market:
An Attempted Prognosis.
News from the Divisions:
Stock Preparation, Paper Machinery,
Finishing, Service.

2

Corporate News:
Service presence in North America,
Dörries, Düren renamed.
Paper-Art-Fashion – an exhibitionat the Baden National Museum.

Contents

Foreword

1

Global economy and the paper market:
An Attempted Prognosis

2

News from the Divisions
Stock Preparation: Further developmentof a well-proven disperging system
Stock Preparation: Optimal fibre
processing with the TwinFlo D
Stock Preparation: New poweron the periphery – integrated treatment
for water, sludge and rejects
Paper Machinery:
The ModuleJet – a breakthrough inheadbox technology
Paper Machinery: QualiFlex –the new generation of press sleeves
Paper Machinery: DuoRoller II –a star in winder technology
Paper Machinery: VSPT benefits
from Sulzer Innotec resources
Finishing: Ecocal –the modular system for soft calendering
Finishing: The Janus Concept –a supercalender with plastic rolls?
Finishing: Twister –reel packaging for the future
Service: Monitoring systems –the modern way of machine-minding
Corporate News
North America, pulp and paper giant:
Voith Sulzer Paper Technology’s
strong service presence
The Netherlands:
Another example of first-class service
Germany:
Dörries, Düren renamed
Germany: The Ravensburg
Stock Preparation Division’s new test
plant for machinery development
Patents – a mirror of innovations
Paper – Art – Fashion

12
16

20

27
32
35
40
41
44
48
52

54
60
61

65
66
67

Cover picture:
DuoRoller II – a winning concept
in winder technology.
See article on page 35.

1Dear Customers, Dear Readers,Hans Müller,
President and CEO,Voith Sulzer Papiertechnik GmbH

“By the way, congratulations on your new customer magazine –quite a source of information. But what else could we expectfrom the ‘twogether company’?”. This comment by a reputed
customer in the USA reflects the overwhelming response to
our first edition of “twogether” magazine. Not only the paperindustry, but also professional associations, academic institutes
and the trade journals were unanimous in this acclaim. Bearing
in mind today’s flood of printed media and pressure of time, wewere delighted with such a positive response. And it is nice to becalled a “twogether company” – a sign of acceptance as partnerin the paper industry.
Keeping you up to date in this way is another step in our strategy
of closer customer contact. What are the next steps? How will
the situation of papermakers and machinery manufacturers
develop in the context of increasingly rapid global market
changes? A dependable way of foretelling the future would
certainly be the dream of all investors.
Some weeks ago we received an interesting paper on this theme
by Riccardo E. Moeschlin, an expert not unknown in the paperindustry. How valid are such forecasts? Since no recipe exists
for reliable prognoses, and as human beings we are all prone toerror, this theory based on repetitive economic cycles seems
particularly interesting. Read on and judge for yourself!
One again, we trust that “twogether” No. 2 brings you interestingreading and some useful technical information.
Sincerely

Hans Müller

ES

2

1827

1837

1845

1854

1864

1872

ECONOMIC CYCLES

B

INN

OVA
TIO

NC

YCL

A

PROSPERITY PHASE

1823

1834

1842

1861

1870

RECESSION PHASE
20 years

C
1750

1850

1819

18 years
1839

1800

16 years
1857

1850

1873

BASIC INNOVATIONS
Steam engine
Mechanical weaving loom

Insulated
electrical cable
Locomotive
Steel founding
Telegraphy
Photography

Electric bulb
TelephonyTransformer
Internal combustion
engineArtificial fertilizers
1825
World's first railway train

Global economy and the paper market:

AN ATTEMPTED PROGNOSISBoom or recession – what can we expect? Investment planning and market
strategies depend on analyses and forecasts of global economic developments. Which parameters can be used as a basis for such prognoses?
Thanks to ever-improving methodics and above all faster data availability,
short and middle-term forecasts are becoming more reliable. Long-term
prognoses always involve a residual risk, since not all influencing factors
can be fully evaluated – particularly the human factor. History repeats itself
with surprising regularity, however, with cycles such as the “seven fat years
and seven lean years” of the Bible. The paradox here is that reviewing thepast is not a bad way of anticipating future trends.

Global economy and the paper market

1891

1899

1908

1916

1926

1935

1945

1953

1962

1972

1980

1989 1997/98

Slowd

Boom

Upswin

g

1881

3

own

1877

1888

1897

1904

1913

1924

1931

1942

1951

1958

1969

1978

1984

1993

Recession

21 years

17 years
1894

18 years

19 years

1911

17 years
1948

1900

1929

1965

1950

1931
First TV image

1983
PC office invasion

There is no need to go back to biblicalings in 1982 when they were published in

to predict a boom

times, however, or to resort to Eastern“Pulp and Paper International”. The dia-

afterwards

philosophies. A glance at the last two andgram is divided into three levels. A is the1982 to 1989. Not

a half centuries is enough to show thatboom level, B corresponds to economic

only did this actu-

history repeats itself in cycles. And eco-

slowdown, and level C indicates reces-

ally occur, but it

nomic cycles follow the same pattern, assion and slump phases. As we can see,

was also followed

shown in the diagram above.

the highs and lows of economic cycles

by the recession

generally occur every nine years on aver-forecast for 1993.

Discovered in 1902 on an old yellowing

2000

1982

Microelectronics
Laser
Fibreglass
Biotechnology
Ecotechnologies
Alternative energies

Nylon, Perlon
Radar
Radio, television
Rocket propulsion
Electronics
1877/78
Thomas Alva Edison:
Gramophone and electric light bulb

17 years

from

age.

document, this chart is regarded by

Based

on

this

experts as going back to the American

The repeated “M-shape” (see example

trend, it is logical

War of Secession in 1861-1865. If this is

above from 1948 to 1965) shows thatthat the next peaktrue, it forecast the recessions of 1873

economic recession occurs with alarming

can be expected inand 1894 and the 1929/30 slump withregularity every eighteen years on aver-

1997/98.

amazing accuracy. The paper industry asage. Not surprisingly, the 1982 recession

seems that another recession is likely toa whole was confronted with these find-followed this pattern, and it was logicalfollow around the turn of the millennium.

It

The author:
Riccardo E. Moeschlin,
Zürich, Switzerland

also

4

A further point here is that economic

300

cycles in North America generally pre-Global paper and paperboard production
and consumption
250

cede those in Europe by one or two

1

Economic cycle

2Paper and paperboard production = consumption

years.
2
1

Another interesting aspect of economic
trends is innovation intervals (Kondratieff

Million tonnes

200

cycles). The low points of this curve correspond every 50 to 60 years with funda150

mental innovations which always herald a
new era and influence the economy
accordingly. In 1819, for example, the100

railways and wireless telegraphy wereborn, in 1873 the telephone was invented, in 1929 rocket propulsion, and in

50
1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

4,4

4,8

5,3

5,75

6,2

1982 came the massive breakthrough of
microelectronics.

Population growth in billions
Diagram 1
1500

To what extent can historically documented global economy cycles be comPaper machine production in West Germany

pared with the equally extreme cyclic

1400
1300

1

Economic cycle

1200

2

Machinery sales figures

behaviour of the paper industry? To
answer this question, let us first compare
the two cycles. In Chart 1 worldwide

2

1100

production and consumption of paper

1000

and paperboard are compared with global

Million DM

1

900

economy cycles. The concurrence be-

800

tween the two is impressive. Another700

comparison is equally conclusive. In

600

Chart 2, the figures (values) of paper
making machinery in West Germany are500

likewise plotted against world economy

400

cycles. Here again, the two curves concur

300
200
1965

astonishingly well.
1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

These two comparisons from different
points of view clearly confirm that – asDiagram 2

Global economy and the paper market

5

Notes to Chart 3:
The three economy systems are madecomparable by country and region using thefollowing formula:C = a x b +d (1000 t).
Specific factor land/region (b) for calculating
consumption (C):b = consumption in 1990 minus consumption
in 1965, divided by 10.
d = consumption in 1965.
a = multiplier.

mentioned above – historical cycles in

b

d

530
850
590
2150

3600
5700
3100
6700

Semi-free market economies
China
1200
Korea
410
Indonesia
130
Taiwan310
Thailand
110

2750
200
80
200
100

Planned market economy
USSR

4500

Free market economies
FranceGermany
Finland
Japan

550

24

global economies can be a quite reliablebasis for forecasting developments in the23

paper industry. The only limitation is that

22

Paper and paperboard consumption
in the three world economy systems
1

Free market economy
Industrialized countries

2

Semi-free market economy
Far East/Asian-Pacific (mean values)

2aSemi-free market economy
China

3

Planned market economy
Former USSR statesthese cycles only apply to free market
21

economies, i.e. to industrialized countries
such as North America, Europe, Japan,

20

Australia New Zealand, South Africa and19some of the Latin American countries.
18

On the other hand, global economies at17

the present time can be divided into three16

different systems. Firstly the free market
economies of the abovementioned coun-

15

tries, secondly the semi-free market

14

economies of the Far East and some Latin13

the planned economies of the former
communist countries. The latter no longer exist, but are included for historicalcomparison, particularly with a view todevelopments after they were abolished.

Multiplier (a)American and African nations, and thirdly

12
11
10
9

All three systems are shown in Chart 3.
8

Since the absolute figures for paper andpaperboard

consumptioninmarket economy systems, they have tobe adjusted to make the development
comparable.

The

7variouscountries vary widely within these three

dynamics

3

6
5

1

4

2

unusualparameters used for this diagram thus

3

serve primarily for illustration of these2

2adevelopment patterns.
1

A glance at the parabolic market development in the Far East (except Japan, Aus-

0
1965

tralia and New Zealand) shows how far
Diagram 3

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

6

the semi-free market economies of these

rately. Nevertheless, it would probably be

ers and not only customers, above allcountries deviate from the pattern in freea risky extrapolation to maintain that

China, not to speak of India which has

market economies. This part of the world

Asia’s semi-free market economies allow

been trying to achieve such a status foris undergoing a boom unprecedented ingreater progress than in the free market

some years. Consequently, there are also

the history of global economics, witheconomies of the industrialized nations.

excellent prospects for licensing busi-

annual growth rates of 8 to 15% and

The error in this hypothesis is that theness, joint ventures and other coopera-

even more in some cases. Even if there

Asian boom has started at an altogether

tive arrangements.

are already signs of decline here andlower standard of living. Annual per capi-

there, such as in Taiwan or Korea, thista consumption of paper and paperboard

Another hypothesis which undoubtedly

growth trend in Asia is not likely to(which is an effective measure of pros-

applies here is that in the wake of thechange decisively during the next decade.

perity) averages 25 kg at the present time

Asian economy boom, the subcontinental

in Asia. The average for Europe as acountries (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh

alsowhole is 95 kg, while in Western Europe

and Sri Lanka) will profit. And the world’s

include the Indochina countries of Viet-and the USA it is 170 kg and 320 kg

industrialized nations will also be takingnam, Laos and Cambodia. With a total

respectively. Are we therefore approach-their share of the cake, as confirmed bypopulation of some 85 million (70 million

ing the saturation limit? In some areas of

the above-average production growthin Vietnam alone) the mean per capita

publishing and advertising, paper willrates for 1994 of 4.7% in North America

paper and carton consumption at thecertainly be replaced to a growing extent(normally about 2%) and 8.2% in Europe

present time is 1.1 kg p.a. in this region.

by electronic media. As a result, the long-– where even the boom years of 1982-89

The main characteristics of these markets

term saturation limit is likely to stabilize

brought no more than 3.9%.

are their favourable geographical situa-

rather below 300 kg per capita.

Marketswithgrowthpotentialtion, large hardworking population with

The reservation must be made, however,

low labour costs, and emerging econo-

If more than three billion people in Asia

that this growth in European production

mies with direct investments from abroad

are in the fast lane to modern living stan-is largely due to better utilization of exist-

on the increase – facts which clearly

dards, then their paper consumption per

ing capacities, while the 8.4% growthunderline the future importance of thishead is moving toward Western levels,

rate in Asia is related to newly installed

region.

although not necessarily to the US level.

production capacities. Excluding Japan,

This means that Asian market potential

this growth rate would even be 12.4%,

Only just over ten years ago, the global

forappreciably

share of the free market economies cor-remain attractive for years to come –growth in demand. As shown in Table 1

responded to a population of one billion.

likewise for countries such as Korea andbelow, in fact, capacity growth in Asia in“Today it is hardly an exaggeration to say

Taiwan, which can now be regarded as

the five year period from 1993 to 1998 isthat this is the era when three billion

industrialized nations. In actual fact they

likely to exceed the total capacity growth

people are on the rapid elevator to thehave special opportunities in connectionof the rest of the world – which speaks

heights of modernity” – this statement by

with their regional trading. The samefor itself. What about Latin America anda reputed economist sums up what is

applies to some developing countries

Africa? 1994 production growth in Latin

happening in Asia today tersely but accu-

which are on the way to becoming suppli-

America countries (mainly Brazil, Mexico,theindustrializedcountries

will

higher

than

the

11.2%

Global economy and the paper market

7

Table 1:
Paper and paperboard production
capacities worldwide (in million t.)

return to the main theme. Is a reliable

Build-up phase

Slowdown phaseprognosis possible not only of trends,
5-year
growth8

S 20

Capacity

94
102

Region

1988
1993

North America

Capacity

1993
1998

102
113

5-year
growthcycles? As mentioned at the outset, this
11

84
93,5

1988
1993

Europe

1993
1998

93,5
106,5

13

14

64
78

1988
1993

Asia/Pacific

1993
1998

81
110

29

2

13
15

1988
1993

Latin America

1993
1998

15
17

2

0,5

3
3,5

1988
1993

Africa

1993
1998

3,5
4,5

1

Global

1993
1998

34

1988
1993

295
350

hypothesis

seems

quite

reasonable.

Based on statistics and data published by

8,5

258
292

but also with a view to global economy

reputable institutions such as the FAO,
S 27

PPI, Asian Papermaker, Jaakko Pöyry andothers, chart 4 showing consumption of
paper and paperboard – worldwide andby continent – until 1993 was compiled.
This is enxtended by a forecast until
1997/98. For the sake of interest and56

comparison with other trend prognoses,
we have also attempted an extrapolation
until the year 2006 based on the cyclic

Argentina, Chile and Columbia) averaged

the positive. South Africa has alreadypattern described in this article. Precon-

3.5 to 6.5% (in Columbia as high as

achieved a commendable growth rate

ditional for this is a fundamental rule of11%). Although moderate compared withof 12%.

economics: extrapolations into the future

the rest of the world, this is significantly

are of little value unless they are based

higher than the growth rates formerly

Eastern Europe appears to have passed

registered in these countries. Brazil andthe point of lowest ebb. Following the

Mexico achieved this rise mainly through1993 decline of a further 1.3 million

We have deliberately shown this data in

better operating rates.

tonnes, production figures of the CIS

the concentrated graphical form, since incountries have now stabilized. Poland,

contrast to tables this gives a better

According to experts, the aftermath of thethe Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary

overview of historical developments andAsian economy boom should have started

and even Slovenia are increasingly adopt-

all the parameters involved. Conclusions

to take effect in Latin America in 1995.

ing the principles of free market econo-

can thus be drawn more clearly andAnd despite the lack of pertinent statisti-

my, with resultant production growth

rapidly. Global paper consumption in thiscal data, there are already clear signs thatwhich is substantial in some cases. Herechart is summarized into the regions

this is happening.

again, this represents a market potential

North America, Europe, Asia/Pacific, Lat-

for Western industries, not least due toin America and Africa.

With the exception of South Africa, thethe need for renewal and replacement in

African economy as a whole still seems

the existing machine parks.

rather depressed, with negative develop-

on long-term historical data.

Moreover, the countries in these five
regions can be classified as follows:

ment rates throughout. Here again, how-After this general overview of global mar-ever, trends are expected to change tokets in the paper industry, let us now

I About 80 countries are leading produc-

ers at the present time

8400
Paper and paperboard consumption
worldwide
Forecasts by other institutes
350

Million tonnes worldwide

140

130

120

300

3,2

250

110
200

W

OR

LD

4,5

L
TA
TO

6,1

100

1,9

1,0

90

70
EU

4,0

A

2,0
Rec

3,3

ess

ion

ing

NO

H
RT

IC

RO

3,1
Slo
wdo

PE

sw

80

AM

ER

Up

Million tonnes continental

150

wn

6,8
0,0

PA
C

LATIN AMERICA

IFI

C

0,8

6,0

Bo

om

60

AS

IA/

50
Stagnationom

40
Prognosis

3,3

20

7,6

Diagram 4

N AM
AFRI

ERIC

CA

A

Growth 1990-98 in % p.a.

0
1972

LATI

Growth 1982-90 in % p.a.

10Growth 1973-82 in % p.a.

20

Growth 1965-73 in % p.a.

15

5
10 4
3
2
5

1982

1990

1993

1998 2000

2005

Million tonnes

30

Tentative
prognosis

AFRICABo

Global economy and the paper market

9

Table 2:
Export-import balance (in 1000 t) of
paper and paperboard worldwide
I Some 140 countries (including the 80

mentioned above) are significant paper

Regions

Net exports

Net imports

1993

1998

1993

1998

North America

6.250

5.100

Europe

3.800

3.700

Asia/Pacific

7.900

5.900

Latin America

1.200

2.000

950

900

10.0508.800

consumers
I Production is concentrated in relatively

few countries
I The five largest paper manufacturing

countries (USA, Japan, Canada, China
and Germany) cover more than half

Africaglobal production
I Four of these paper producing coun-

Global10.0508.800

tries (USA, Japan, China and Germany)account for more than half the world

every fourth tonne of paper and paper-

The boom predicted until 1989 fully

consumption

board crosses a frontier at some time ormaterialized, likewise the subsequent

other.

recession until 1993 (in North America

I Although twelve countries export morethan one million tonnes of paper andone year earlier in each case).

paperboard each year, most of them

Following the trend toward globalization,

are net importers. Only five are net

the world of paper and paperboard is

Likewise the upswing expected to reachexporters of more than one million

dominated by three large economic areas:

its peak in 1997/98 has now started, as

tonnes annually (Canada, Finland,

North America, Europe and Asia. Latinshown by the above-average growth rates

Sweden, Norway and Austria).

America and Africa only account for 6%

of 1994 and 1995 (although already flat-of world consumption, while on the othertening off to some extent). If this upward

Table 2 shows the continental balance ofhand their populations total 1.2 billion or

trend until 1997/98 continues, albeit per-exports and imports worldwide. Clearly

21% of world figures at the present time.

haps at different rates according to

North

and

This discrepancy constitutes a potential

region, it will again confirm the afore-

Europe are net exporters, while all otheropportunity for paper suppliers, particu-

mentioned cyclic pattern of the economy

continents are net importers including

larly in Latin America, since with increas-in the industrialized countries.

above all Asia. A notable but hardly sur-ing globalization and interdependence ofprising aspect is the 2 million tonne

world economies the wealth of the richer

According to the prognoses of all reputed(about 25%) reduction of Asian imports

will be distributed sooner or later to theforecasters, the parabolic growth ofpredicted by 1998. If this trend continues

poorer.

Asia’s semi-free market economies will

America(mainly

Canada)into the future, it will affect above all thecontinue beyond the turn of the millenni-

large western exporters such as Canada

As shown in Chart 4, the current market

um. In 1994, as shown in Chart 4, paper

and Northern Europe. Intrasectoral trade

position of the three leading economies

and paperboard consumption in Asia wasamong the paper producing countries

North America, Europe and Asia can be

mid-way between Europe and North

currently amounts to some 65 million

summarized as follows: Market develop-

America. Within the prognosis timeframe,

tonnes p.a. Since global consumption isments in the industrialized nations have

Asia will become the biggest consumer

about 260 million t.p.a., this means that

confirmed all forecasts for 1982 to 1993.

by about 1998, exceeding North Ameri-

10

can consumption by 6 million t.p.a. and120

overtaking Europe by far, with a differ-Market developments in Europe(including Eastern Europe)

ence of some 18 million t.p.a.
Forecasts by other institutes

110

If economic cycles do in fact repeat
themselves, as confirmed by the charts
and tables in this article, then they can beused as a basis for quite realistic fore-100

casts. This should allow decisions andOperating rate in % 85
80
81,8
84,6
85,3

against the effects of recession. Here are

cit

y

90

measures to be taken in good timeCapa

two examples of how this can be done:oncti

From our analyses of the paper industry

du

80

87,8

pti
um

94

70

based on statistics published periodicallyby the national Paper Associations, weCo

92

and its regional developments worldwide,

ns

92,2

on

Pro

Million tonnes

92,7

have chosen Europe (see Chart 5) as rep-

87,6 90

resentative of the free market economies.

100%

85,9
60

Investment development

50

The semi-free market economies of the80%

110 kg60%
2100

Per capita
consumption
90 kg

1900

80 kg

1700

4 million t.

1500

3 million t.

clear conclusions. One point is particular-

2 million t.

ly interesting in this respect: over the last

1 million t.

few years (since 1987) annual investment

Asian-Pacific region are represented in
Chart 6. Both these charts incorporate all
the parameters affecting economic developments in the paper industry. The corre-

Number of paper mills

40

Net exports

lation and interdependence of theseparameters allow easy comparison andfigures have been published for a number
30

of relevant countries by “Pulp and Paper
International” (PPI), and wherever available we have compared these figures (see

1972

1980

Population in millions 754

1985

1990

1995
780

Population growth rate 0,9% p.a.

2000

2005

example for Europe) with paper con-818

sumption cycles. This comparison confirms that investment patterns likewisecorrespond with consumption cycles.

Diagram 5

Global economy and the paper market

Paper and paperboard in Asian/Pacificregions

Production in 1.000 t

1993

Far East*)
China and Hong Kong
ASEAN**)
Subcontinents***)Pacific
Other regions
Total

11

1994

Consumption in 1.000 t

1993

1994

37.47518.375
5.020
2.805
2.965
1.860

Far East*)
China and Hong Kong
ASEAN**)
Subcontinents***)Pacific
Other regions

37.92522.235
6.475
3.145
3.390
3.230

68.500 74.600

Total

76.400 82.800*) Japan, Korea, Taiwan; **) Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore, Vietnam (new)***) India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Pakistan

Taking investment figures as 100% at the120

peak of the last boom, they fell during theMarket trends in
Asian/Pacific regions

recession to 45% in Europe (35% in Can-

Forecasts by other institutes

ada and 60% in the USA). Notable in the
110case of Europe is the practically linear

90

growth of production capacities despite
100

90

ment goods in general are relatively long,Pro

Delivery and processing times for invest-

Cap

acity

quences.

duc

capacities and their well-known conse-

Con
sum
ptio
tion

n

recession. This is the reason for over-85

and this particularly applies to plant andduction. As a result, there is a considerable time delay before investment figures
affect production capacities. This brings
us to the widely discussed and often con-Million tonnes

machinery for paper and paperboard pro-

84,6

80

89,9
88,2

70

28 kg
88,2

troversial question of “anticyclic invest-

26 kg

87,2

ment as a means of counteracting recession effects”, which would exceed the

24 kg
60

scope of the present discussion.
In contrast to the prognoses published

Operating rate in % 83,450
87,9

linear trends, this article represents ataking account of the boom slowdown –

20 kg

16 kg

80,6
8 Mio t77
40

6 Mio tupswing – recession “M” patterns which

Net imports

4 Mio t91,7occur with inevitable regularity in theindustrialized economies. As shown in

22 kg

18 kg

hitherto in many international journals as
first attempt at an empirical approach

Per capita
consumption

86,4

30

2 Mio tthe above, this is a valid possibility.
The extent to which the ongoing boom in

1972

1980

Asia will change this cyclic pattern

Population in millions 2606

remains to be seen. In any case, we canPopulation growth rate 2% p.a.

look forward to an interesting future.
Diagram 6

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005
4020

Population growth rate 1.6% p.a.

12NEWS FROM THE DIVISIONS
Stock Preparation Division:
Further development of a well-provendisperging system

Without

disperg-

ing, waste paper
stock

The author:
Volker Niggl,
Product Group
Disperging

floatability or screenability of rejects, andPapertec. At the present time, the prod-

paper characteristics as a whole.

uct range is undergoing expansion. By

preparation

the end of 1996. Dispergers and Knead-hardly seems pos-

Another benefit is that rejects removal

ing-Dispergers will be available withsible today – asafter disperging increases paper machine

capacities of up to 2500 kW and outputs

reflected

up to 700 tpd.

28

availability. Since the various products

dispergers sold in

making greater use of waste paper today

the first year ofplace highly specific requirements on dis-

The new HTD Disperger (Fig. 1) can be

Voith Sulzer Stockperging, Voith Sulzer offers two versions:operated at temperatures up to 130°C.

Preparation.

bythe Disperger and the Kneading-Disper-

Both pressurized and non-pressurized

perging

greatlyger.These

conditions

improves

opticalbased on the vast experience and know-

system with plug screw and heating

how accumulated by Voith and Sulzer

screw required for pressurized operationDis-

homogeneity,

thefurtherdevelopments

are

are

possible.

The

screw

Stock Preparation13

is supplied by B+G Fördertechnik, aafter the actual disperging process – toingly. The prototype of the new Knea-

100% subsidiary of VSPT. Various sys-

form

This

ding-Disperger generation, with a capac-

tem combinations are possible, ranging

machine thus takes over the transport

ity up to 250 tpd, should be running by

fromhigh-consistency(> 30%

function as well. The new Kneading-the end of this year.

stock

consistency)subsequent

Disperger is based on the well-provenbleaching,tooutputforlow-consistencyapumpablesuspension.

outputVoith single shaft disintegrator technolo-

For good disperging, adequate shear(4-7%). Two types of housing are avail-gy. Output requirements up to 700 tpd

forces are required. These are generated

able to cover this range:

are met by the machine shown in Fig. 2.

in the VSPT Disperger and Kneading-

I Open housing with gravity chuteDue to the special advantages of knea-

Disperger by various organs which trans-

I Enclosed housing with pipe

ding technology, such as cold running

mit them very efficiently to the stock. As

with good dirt speck reduction (no heat-shown by the fillings segment in Fig. 3,

With closed housing, the stock is diluted

ing screw required), it was decided tothe stock is forced through the labyrinth

while still in the Disperger – although

modify the entire product range accord-

formed by the intermeshing rotor andconnection.

14

Fig. 1
HTD Disperger.
Fig. 2
Kneading-Disperger.
Fig. 3Comparison of Disperger with
Kneading-Disperger.

stator teeth, and well-disperged despite
the short dwell time of only 1 to 2 seconds. The fillings of the Kneading-Disperger (Fig. 3) comprise bars which have asquare cross-section on the rotor and circular cross-section on the stator. The highstatistical reliability of stock treatment isgiven here by the significantly longer
dwell time. For consistent high quality,
the specific disperging power consumption must be regulated. In the Disperger
this is done electromechanically as afunction of gap width, and in the Kneading-Disperger by a speed-controlled output screw or pneumatically loaded flap

1

valve. In order to meet specific technological requirements while optimizing energy
consumption at the same time, bothmachines can be operated over a wide
specific power range from 30 to 80 kWh/t
by appropriate selection of fillings. If necessary, power can be increased to over
120 kWh/t. The Kneading-Disperger runs
relatively slowly at 7 to 13 m/s peripheral2

speed, while the disperger runs at 50 to
60 m/s.

Disperger

Kneader-disperger

Due to their different operating principles,
these

two

machinesoffer

distinctive

advantages as well as common benefits
with regard to product quality and application ranges. Dirt speck reduction is efficient with both systems, as shown for
example in Fig. 4 on mixed household
waste paper. Stickies reduction in hotrunning mode (>90°C) is likewise efficient.
Both machines can also be used forhomogenizing coating materials in rejects

Temperature[°C]SD output[%]
Specific energy [m/s] v rotor/stator[m/s]

90-1305/17/3530-80 (120)
50-60

< 100
25-35
30-80 (120)7-13
3

Stock Preparation

15

Fig. 4
Dirt speck reduction by disperging.
Fig. 5Comparative efficiency of coating materials
disperging.
Fig. 6
Increase of burst strength by disperging.
Fig. 7
Change in SR value by disperging.
Fig. 8Development of porosity by disperging.

100

8

80

6

60

Change in SR
value [SR]

Reduction of dirt speckarea > 50mm [%]tant with regard to stock floatability – the

40
20
0
0

100 1206080Specific energy [kWh/t]

40

Disperger
KneadingDisperger

Disperger is slightly more efficient thanthe Kneading-Disperger. On the other
hand, the Kneading-Disperger is prefer-4able if no increase in refining degree can20-1

be tolerated. Even at high energy input,
the refining degree remains constant0

Raw material:
mixed household
waste paper

4

20

40
60
80
100
Specific energy [kWh/t]

Disperger
KneadingDisperger

Raw material:
office waste(Fig. 7), which is not the case with the
Disperger. For products with high bulk
value with linerboard, for example or fortissue which also requires softness, theKneading-Disperger is preferable. This is7

compared with the Disperger (Fig. 8). The
30
20

Increase of
Bendtsen [%]Proportion of ash particles> 40 mm [%]clearly shown by the rise in porosity

10

0

0

40

60

80 100 120 140 160
Specific energy [kWh/t]

Raw material
Disperger
Kneading-Disperger

Kneading-Disperger can be run cold with-40

out any increase in SR-value, while main-20

taining good dirt speck disperging. This0means that stickies size can be retained-20

practically unchanged for efficient remov--40

al afterwards by slotted screening.
0

40

80
120
160
Specific energy [kWh/t]

Disperger
KneadingDisperger

5

Raw material:department
store waste

8

Change in burst
strength [%]

20
10
0
-10

0

40

80

120

160

Specific energy [kWh/t]
Disperger
KneadingDisperger

660

Raw material:department
store waste

In future the entire disperging system
will be tailored even more to requirements by varying the parameters specificenergy, stock temperature and fillings
design. Voith Sulzer is the only manufac-

processing (Fig. 5). Bleaching chemicals

turer at the present time supplying bothare mixed in very efficiently at high stock

types of disperging system used in theconsistencies, both in the Disperger andmarket. Moreover, these products are

Kneading-Disperger.

tailored to the highly specific require-.With so many common benefits, selec-

ments of our customers in the papertion criteria depend largely on the paperindustry. For optimal system selection,

characteristic requirements. A strong

the smallest sizes of Disperger and Knea-

point of the Disperger in this connection

ding-Disperger are available to customers

is strength development, for example, as

for simultaneous trials in our Ravensburg

shown in Fig. 6 by, the increase of burst(Germany) and Appleton (USA) pilot

strength in department store waste. For

plants, likewise for development testing

removal of “soft” printing inks – impor-(see report on page 65).

16

Stock Preparation Division:
Optimal fibre processing with the TwinFlo D
If good paper was traditionally made in a
Hollander, then better paper is madetoday in the TwinFlo D. This new VSPT
double disk refiner combines all theexperience gained with numerous Sulzer
Escher Wyss, Andritz Sprout-Bauer andVoith generations, and optimizes their
combined advantages. Voith and Sulzer
have always been leaders in double diskrefiner development – as reflected in
names

such

as

SDM

and

DSR,

with

more

than

1200 installations
worldwide. We areconfident that with
its

even

advantages,

greaterthe1

TwinFlo D (Figs. 1
and 2) will continThe author:
Dr. Frank Meltzer,
Product Group
Refining

ue this tradition.

OutletIntakeThe primary targetof this joint devel-

opment has been reached: a new type ofrefiner which not only offers greater customer benefit, but is considerably lower
priced than its predecessors. It incorporates far fewer components – only half as
many moving parts – and is much more
efficient and easier to service.
What are the main features of the
TwinFlo D? One of the chief advantages,
in contrast to all other refiners, is that itis entirely welded. The well-proven cantilever construction has been taken over,2

Stock Preparation

17

Fig. 1:
Refining line comprising 2 TwinFlo D refiners,
each with 900 kW installed power.
Fig. 2:Longitudinal section through the TwinFlo D.
Fig. 3:
TwinFlo D housing with swivelling cover, showing
the plate gap adjusting mechanism and integral
hinged arm for fillings change.
Fig. 4:
TwinFlo D refiner with opened cover.

complete with swing door. The refining
gap, and thus the power consumption,
are precisely adjusted by an electromechanical system (Fig. 3). The centralized
force transmission ensures uniform fibre
treatment, thanks to precisely parallelrefiner fillings.
Due to its axial movability on the shaft,the rotor is hydraulically self-centering,
thus eliminating the need for complex
axial bearings and sliding couplings.
As shown by the view inside the refiner(Fig. 4), the rotor is already fixed to thefillings changing device integrated in thismachine. Clearly visible are the special
shaft splines on which the rotor runs.
The TwinFlo D is so flexibly designed that
all the Sulzer Escher Wyss, Voith andAndritz Sprout-Bauer fillings can be used.
A unique advantage is that fillings withradial overhang of up to 3 inches can be3

used. Low maintenance, easy accessibility, totally enclosed and dirt-proof –together

with

its

attractive

moderndesign, these are the main characteristicsof the TwinFlo D. The product range
covers power capacities from 300 kW
to 3 MW, and outputs from 20 to1200 t/day.
Thanks to the extremely favourable ratio
of no load power to installed power andthe wide choice of fillings diameters,
technical requirements for product qual4

ity

demands

are

met

with

fewer

18

Fig. 5:
Based on the modified edge load (MEL), therefining intensity of different fillings designs canbe adjusted to give identical results. The specificedge load (SEL) is only applicable to fillings withidentical bar width and angle.

fully exploited white retaining the conventional units J/m or Ws/km. In view ofthese findings, we started to develop a
new range of fillings which optimally
implements the combined effect of theabove-mentioned parameters. A relatively
small number of different fillings thus
covers all refining re- quirements.
Apart from design, a decisive role in therefining process is played by fillings
materials, which greatly influence technological characteristics and energy consumption.
Although basalt fillings are optimal fromthe technological and energy consumption points of view, they disappeared

5from the market due to technical probinvestment

knows the specific edge load according

lems in the past. They now serve as acosts. The key component in screens is

to Brecht Siewert. Together with specificstructural model for new developments,

the basket, in flotation cells the aerationenergy consumption, this measure of

but full account must be taken of the fact

element – and in refiners it is the fillings.

refining intensity is still one of the key

that their efficiency is subject to continu-

This “tool” is decisive for the attainable

criteria for assessment and control of theous fluctuation due to abrasion.

product technology and thus forms therefining process.

machines.

This

optimizes

heart of every refiner. The development

In practice, this means slowly changing

of new fillings concepts is therefore one

On this basis we developed a new para-

refining results during production whichof the main priorities of our R&D pro-meter which goes one step further: themake it difficult to compare results. Reg-gramme.

modified edge load (MEL). This enables

ular sampling and evaluation is therefore

technological refining results to be fore-

indispensable. For this reason one of our

As a golden thread linking refiner and fill-cast as a function of SR value, taking

development targets was to arrive at anings, a comprehensive knowledge of theaccount of the fillings parameters bar

abrasion-resistant, non-corroding materi-refining process is of course indispens-

width, groove width and bar angle

al with an easily shaped basalt-like struc-able. Precisely what happens, for exam-(Fig. 5). The practical advantages of thisture.

ple, to the fibres in the refining gap

new parameter from the user’s point of

which may be only some hundredths of aview are that know-how accumulated so

We found the answer in the form of cera-millimetre wide? And every papermaker

far using specific edge load SEL can bemics (Fig. 6), or alternatively in compos-

Stock Preparation

19

Fig. 6:
Fillings made of a composite ceramic material.
Only a closer look shows the variations in surface
structure.
Fig. 7:
The adjustable surface and bar structure ofceramic fillings gives up to 20% energy savings
compared with conventional cast fillings.

itematerials

systematicallycompiled

according to need. Industrial trials on
ceramic fillings showed the same technological results as conventional cast fillings, but with up to 20% reduction in
specific energy consumption (Fig. 7).
Furthermore, the much greater durabilityof these ceramic fillings allowed a reduction of bar height which also cut no load
power by 30%. Thanks to the unvarying
bar edge and surface conditions, refining
results remained unchanged over theentire operating period following installation.
Apart from this example, Voith Sulzer
Paper Technology is continuously working on refining process improvements inorder to optimize energy consumption

6

and technological results according to
the latest research findings.
Modern refiners have to fulfil a wide
variety of demanding requirements. Not
only must they accommodate a large
number of different stocks, which are
subject to continuous change (e.g. due todevelopments in pulp making and bleaching), but as a decisive requirement theymust also make better use of raw materials potential while at the same time
reducing energy consumption.
The new TwinFlo D with its innovative
range of fillings meets all these requirements optimally, thus contributing to ourcommon goal of ongoing improvementsin papermaking.

7

20

Stock Preparation Division:
New power on the periphery –integrated treatment for water,sludge and rejects
For greatest possible market presenceloops. On the other hand, the sludges

joint know-how and experience, thus

and customized service at the same time,

resulting from water clarification are leddeveloping an even more successful

Voith Sulzer Stock Preparation GmbHback to the sludge residue treatment

product range.

(VSR), Ravensburg and Meri Anlagen-stage. It was logical, therefore, to com-technik GmbH, Munich have formed abine existing know-how and technologies

For efficient marketing of the new prod-

joint venture known as Meri Entsor-

for treating water, sludge and rejects.

uct range and WSR subsystem technolo-

gungstechnik

The result is a well-balanced integral

gy, Voith Sulzer Stock Preparation GmbHtechnology known as WSR subsystems.

and Meri Anlagentechnik GmbH, Munich

fur

die

PapierindustrieGmbH (Meri Disposal Technology Ltd).

have formed a new joint venture known
Objectives

The main benefit of WSR subsystemas

The paper industry is constantly optimiz-

technology is that it comprises a single-

Papierindustrie GmbH (Meri Disposal

ing new and existing stock preparation

source comprehensive solution. Not onlyTechnology Ltd). This slender, flexible

systems, paper ma-does it included all the individual process

and powerful organization with offices inchinery and related

components required, but also the com-

Munich,processes.

plete system engineering.

(USA) not only supplies complete WSR

For

Meri

Entsorgungstechnik

Ravensburg

and

für

die

Mansfield

subsystems, but also individual machin-

optimal production
technology, these

History

ery and upgrades for existing disposal

processes

systems.

must

The decisive importance of water treat-also take accountment was recognized back in the eighties

of increasingly im-

by Sulzer Escher Wyss, who successfully

WSR subsystems

portant

environ-developed suitable systems accordingly.

WSR

mentalsubsystems

incorporate

water,

factors.

More than 100 Purgomat installations

sludge and rejects treatment for stock

These particularly

speak for themselves in this connection,

preparation lines using waste paper.

concernwater

and since the early nineties rejects

Systematic selection of individual aggre-

andmachines have also been developed. In

gates from the versatile new product line

recent years a series of Voith rejects

enables optimal balancing both within thetreatment machines jointly developed

WSR subsystem, and with regard to each

The growing use of waste paper as raw

with Meri has met with great success on

stock preparation stage.

material makes these environmental fac-

the market. Voith's joint venture withtors even more important. Water plays a

Meri in water and sludge treatment fol-

The advantages of this concept are very

central role here as indispensable trans-lows the leading position built up by Mericlear:

port medium for stock fibres and accom-

over the last five years with some 140

I A single-source comprehensive system.

panying substances between the various

installations.

I Optimally balanced process stages andmachine. Likewise in the treatment ofSynergies

I WSR subsystems can be designed

waste materials (rejects and sludges), fil-

It was only logical to combine the well-from the outset for shortest possible

trates have to be included in the water

proven concepts already existing withloops and transport times.

The author:
Lucas Menke,

consumption

waste treatment.

stock preparation stages and the paper

aggregates.

Stock Preparation

21

Fig. 1:
WSR subsystem technology.

PM

Paper machine

Stock preparation

WSR

Omega Filter
Gravity Table
Belt Press
Deltapurge

Screenex

TrennerCompax

Sedimator

Dirt/waste dewatering

RST

for dewatering small
heavy rejects

Pre-thickener

Screenex

Gravity

Deltapurge Modular DAF System

ASR

Pre-thickener

BPF Greenland

CompaxW-Reject Compactors

Water treatment

Sludge thickening

Sedimator

for dewatering light weightand heavy rejects

Deltapurge

Sludge Press

Trenner
Fractionating, fine-filtering

Compax 40
BPF PP

Compax 50

Compax 60

Sludge Press

Screwbooster
Screwpress for sludge

Omega Filter
Continuous
sand filtration

Polymeri
Chemical additives treatment1

22Fig. 2:
Typical deinking system for white
papers.
Fig. 3:
Typical stock preparation systemfor brown papers.
I Integral concepts minimize operat-

ing/maintenance personnel require-

Pulping

HighPreDeinking
density- screening
cleaning

ments.

Cleaning and
Fine-screening

PreWashing Thickening Approach
thickenand
Flowing
Dispersion

I WSR subsystems can be controlled

by an environmental quality system(EQS). This process control technolo-PMgy keeps track of all environmentally
relevant data, thus providing complete
records and statistics for ensuring
compliance with legal limits and mini-

WSR

mizing costs.

Gravity Table
Press

Close cooperation between Meri andTrenner

Voith Sulzer ensures optimal balancing of
peripheral processes with stock preparation requirements.
Screenex

Compax

Sedimator

Deltapurge

Deltapurge

2Optimization
Based on extensive experience accumulated from numerous projects, Meri also

Pulpingoffers optimizing services for existing

Highdensitycleaning

Holescreening

Cleaning andFinescreening

ApproachFlowsystems.
PM

Substantial savings often result from
optimizing water, sludge and rejects
systems, while at the same time optimizing the process as a whole and improving
product quality.
WSR
Gravity Table

For most WSR subsystem machinery,Press

optimizing tests can also be carried out
in the Meri laboratory or locally on
mobile pilot plants. These test resultsthen form the basis together with numerical simulations for plant optimization
measures.

Screenex

Compax

Sedimator

Deltapurge

3Stock Preparation

23

Fig. 4:3-D layout of a WSR subsystem including
freshwater treatment, sludge dewateringand effluent treatment.

4

24

Fig. 5:
Part of a WSR subsystem, showing rejects
transport and dewatering with automatedcontainer distribution station.

5

Product line for water treatment

stainless steel structure, or with base ortion of filtrates (such as washing andTogether with precipitation and floccula-the entire tank made of concrete. Micro-

thickening filtrates), and waste watertion, microflotation is long-established as

flotation bubbles are generated by an air

thickening and purification such as inan efficient clarification process for thick-saturation reactor (ASR), optionally avail-preclarification, press filtrate, deinking

ening filtrates and cleaning up waterable with turbo-dissolve system for ener-

foam, etc. For processing the residual

loops. Two existing systems – the Sulzer

gy recovery. Further modules include asludges from waste water clarification,

Escher Wyss Purgomat and the Meri/direct expansion system for special appli-

the fully automatic Polymeri treatment

OMC Deltafloat – have now been com-cations, and a pipe reactor for optimal

station ensures efficient dosing and prep-

bined into the new Deltapurge system.

dosing of chemical additives.

aration of chemical additives, either solid
or liquid.

The Deltapurge system is built up on a

The Deltapurge thus derives from two

modular basis using various components.

leading concepts, with more than 250

The Omega sand filter continuously recir-

The circular clarification tank can be fit-systems installed over the last few years,

culates and cleans dirty sand in a closed

ted with two different extraction systems

which have been combined into an evencircuit. It is particularly suitable for treat-according to need: a spiral scoop or abetter concept.

ing freshwater, spraywater and sealing

paddle with screw conveyor. Flow is fromwater, as well as for paint removal

the inside to outside in the clarification

Typical applications include clarification

systems. Another new product is thetank, which is either a self-supportingof whitewater II, thickening and clarifica-

Trenner, afilter which can be used both

Stock Preparation

25

Fig. 6:
Final clarification station at a newsprint plantusing 100% waste paper stock.
Fig. 7:Microflotation used for loop clarification andfiltrate thickening in a deinking plant.

6

7

26

for fine filtration and fractionating. The

Rejects handling

Depending on requirements and system

stock suspension to be filtered is sprayed

Waste paper stock preparation producesconditions, individual rejects machines

on to a special multilayer metal filtera wide range of coarse rejects, including

can be fitted with suitable conveyor units

screen (20-300 H m) which thus serves

plastics, staples and other metal frag-for transporting rejects to specially des-two purposes – fibres and fines fraction-

ments. Rejects handling covers the dewa-

ignated zones. Cost-effective layout andating e.g. for recovery from washing fil-tering, transport and compacting of suchinclusion of additional conveyor elements

trates, or for removal of ash, etc.

materials.

is an integral feature of WSR subsystemtechnology.

As a fine filter, the Trenner can be used

The Screenex is a machine for dewatering

for spraywater and highly clarified watercoarse rejects and lights such as plastics,

down to 20-80 H m particle size.

etc. with continuous or intermittent feed

New products

e.g. from pulper dumpers. The machine

At the present time several new products

is designed for the largest pumping

are under development and test. These

Product line for sludge treatment

heads, with dewatering through an inte-include a new “elephant filter” for water

Waste products from stock preparation

gral slotted screen.

clarification, and an additional microflotation unit for small throughputs. Modifi-

occur in the form of low consistency
sludges (from deinkers, cleaners, wash-

In the Sedimator, small heavy rejects

cations are also being made to certain

ers, etc.) which are usually thickened in(e.g. staples, glass, etc.) from the heav-types of rejects machinery and someseveral stages. Prethickening is either byies cleaners are dewatered, and dumped

sludge presses.

gravity table or rotary sludge thickener.

separately into a container.

According to need, the prethickened
sludge can be compacted using belt

Light rejects (plastic, etc.) can then be

Service and engineering

screen presses of various types, or incompacted to about 65% stock consis-

The Meri Entsorgungstechnik joint ven-

screw presses. In many cases cascade

tency in a Compax screw press. This is

ture supplies complete service and engi-

installations are a good idea (e.g. gravity

available in various sizes (Compax 40,

neering, both for new WSR systems andtable with belt screen press, or gravity

50, 60) and two versions – the standard

for upgrading existing water, sludge andtable with screw press).

(65% Tsr) or lower-cost ECO machine

rejects systems. Included is a detailed(55% Tsr) – for rejects capacities ofinventory of the existing system, together

10-75 tonnes per day.

with engineering studies and site testing,Forlarge-scalesludgedewatering,

likewisemachines and equipment supplied byengineeringforindividualmachines or entire systems.

Maschinenfabrik Andritz, Graz (Austria)

The new Compax compactor line wasare to be used, the filtrates being

developed from existing Voith-Trumag

returned to the clarification stage. Apartand Sulzer Escher Wyss machines. It is

Test facilities are available in our Ravens-from the machinery required, auxiliaries

an extremely robust high-quality unit,

burg (Germany) and Appleton (USA)such as screw conveyors and belts areguaranteeing long service life and low

development centres, as well as mobile

also available.

wear with minimum maintenance.

pilot plants for on-site testing.

Paper Machines

27

Paper Machinery Divisions:
The ModuleJet – a breakthrough inheadbox technology
On January 3, 1994 the first ModuleJet

ond one a few months later. Several

wide. Additionally,

headbox went into operation on a Four-interesting ModuleJet retrofits followed

a good many nar-drinier machine for writing and printing

this first start up, for example a news-

rower

papers. After retrofitting the second reelprint machine with CFD gapformer, ahave been equip-of paper produced on this machine al-machine with multilayer headbox and an

ped with this new

ready met market quality requirements.

SC paper machine likewise with CFD gap-

technology,

2L values of 0.16% for basis weight CDformer to mention only a few.

as a rectifier rollmachinessuchheadbox on a ma-

profiles were consistently achieved.
The latest ModuleJet headbox installa-chine 1750 mm in

Since this first ModuleJet headbox hadtions were set up on a newsprint machine,

width.

given such good results right from thetwo LWC and an SC machine in Finland,

beginning, the customer ordered a sec-

all of which are more than eight metres

All 28 of the Mod-The author:
Ulrich Begemann,
Headbox Design
and Project Planning

28

Fig. 1
Gap geometry of a pilot headbox and cross-flowin the jet.

machine. Whitewater I is fed to the indi10

40

5

20

0

0

-5

-20

-10

-40
0

200

400

600

800

and a large number of specially designed
Gap width change [mm/100]

V cross [m/min]vidual zones through the small header

1000

valves. The zonal flow rates are constant,but individual mixing concentrations canbe varied.
This allows basis weight profile corrections with a the parallel slice opening,
thus eliminating cross-flow and ensuring
a first-class fibre orientation profile.
What is the most suitable dilution fluid?

10

20

0

0

-5

-20

-10

-40
0
TS

200

400

600

800

Gap width change [mm/100]

5Vcross [m/min]

According to experience, whitewater I has

40

1000
FS

Vjet = 850 m/min

1

clear advantages as a dilutant, for the following reasons:
I Self-regulating cross-profile despite

retention fluctuations
I Substantially reduced time for gradechanges
I Closed-circuit primary loop:

no additional load on disk filter
I Whitewater is the only diluting agent

with identical chemical and physicaluleJet headboxes put into service ar now

flows in the headbox jet are plotted

reliably operating to the complete satis-

together with the gap deformation versus

I By using a diluting agent containing

faction of each customer.

machine width. The first deformationfines and fillers, the fines and fillers

stage is shown in yellow, the second in

profiles are unaffected.

properties to the stock itself

Basic disadvantage of conventional

red. The determined cross-flows are ofheadboxes

course responsible for interferences in

In order to ensure trouble-free operation

One of the most unwelcome characteris-the fibre-orientation profile.

of all the valves fed with whitewater I, a
special valve design was developed fortics of conventional headboxes – badfibre orientation due to slice blade distor-

ModuleJet valves for optimal

the ModuleJet. Fig. 3 shows the continu-

tion for basis weight adjustment – waswhitewater I control

ous rotary flushing principle of these

reproduced on a pilot machine. The

Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of avalves, which prevents any deadwater

results are shown in Fig. 1, where cross-

ModuleJet headbox on a Fourdrinierzones.

Paper Machines

29

Fig. 2
Fourdrinier headbox with ModuleJet.
Fig. 3ModuleJet whitewater feed valve.

Regulating
pistonWhitewater I

Whitewater I

2

3

competitor’s systems 2-sided-valve must always remain absolutely

ability is the well-arranged design of theness can be generated or increased byconstant. The good results achieved in

ModuleJet with its shortest possible flow

feeding dilution water asymmetricallypractice with the ModuleJet confirm

paths (see Fig. 4).

to the turbulence generator. In thethe validity of this concept – no addi-

ModuleJet, there are no concentration

tional adjusting devices for the CD

differences in the Z direction.

basis weight profile are required in the

One of the basic reasons for the high reli-

Additional design refinements

I Withheadbox.

Apart from using whitewater I for dilution

I In order to ensure that the jet is always

as described above, further design refine-

free of cross-flow by operating the

I The dilution system must be operated

ments were necessary in order to takeheadbox with a parallel gap, the maxi-

with cross-profile software suitable forfull advantage of this dilution technology

mum basis weight adjustment range

this control concept. The Profilmatic M

without affecting other quality para-should be at least 7%. At the same

system developed for the ModuleJet

meters:time, the mixed flow through eachmeets all necessary prerequisites.

30

Fig. 4ModuleJet mixing units.

4Paper Machines

31

Fig. 5
Basis weight response functions(January 1994).
Fig. 6Fibre orientation cross-profile.
I Due

to the substantially narrower

95% of control width

range of each basis weight adjustmentaalgorithm

model-oriented
withadaptive

mappingshould be used. The Profilmatic M
systemincorporates

onlineshrinkidentification. Since the first tests by
Voith Sulzer on stock consistency controlled

headboxes,a0control

good

many

improvements have been patented.

Basis weight alteration @%#element,

Orifice(one spindle)

-3,2
95%
0

ModuleJet(one valve)-105Conclusion
With the ModuleJet concept and C-clamp
15

drinier and gapformer machines. The

10

designensuresabsolutely

uniform

hydraulic characteristics and consistentmechanical loading across the machine

Angle @8#

design, headboxes can be built for Four-50-5width, irrespective of operating condi--10

tions.

-15

A jet with uniform velocity, direction

0

thickness and impingement conditions

FS

4950 mm
Before retrofitting with ModuleJet
After retrofitting with ModuleJetTS

results from this. This equalizes not only

6

the basis weight and fibre orientation CD
profiles – but is bound to result in moretrol results under these optimal condi-(Fig. 6), the headbox flow characteristics

uniform sheet formation.

tions.

are independent of interferences, not

Depending on measuring method andOperating experience has shown that the

being influenced by correction interven-other parameters, the 2L values of basis

closely spaced profile fluctuations intions.

weight cross-profile lie between 0.1%

edge zones, caused, for example by wire

These results, together with the large

and 0.2%, much lower in most cases

waviness, can be effectively reduced as anumber (50 so far) of ModuleJet head-than in slice bar headboxes. Fig. 5 com-

result. The retrofitting of a modern gap-

boxes sold in the two years since intro-

pares the basis weight response func-

former headbox with a ModuleJet clearly

duction, clearly show the advantages oftions of slice bar and ModuleJet on theshows the advantages of a parallel gap

this concept and the dilution technology

same headbox. It goes without saying

compared with a variable orifice. As

incorporated in it. In fact this Voith

that the narrow overswing-free response

shown by profile measurements at vari-Sulzer development has already started aband of the ModuleJet gives better con-ous operating speeds after retrofitting

revolution in headbox design.

32

Paper Machinery Divisions:
QualiFlex – the new generationof press sleeves

1

Only three years

milestone

after making its

presses – sleeves can now be changed

press sleeve

debut in a Flexo-

during scheduled shutdowns instead of

After the world’s first closed shoe pressniplosing valuable production time.

went into operation in Nettingsdorf inpress,

andIntensais

now

Another advantage is that on new Nipcopresses(Figure1)

QualiFlex

Flex

numerous

shoe

sleeves come as standard equipment.

presses

worldThe

Development of the QualiFlex

1984, Voith Sulzer gained extensive jointstate-of-the-art inwide.
The author:
Andreas Endters,
QualiFlex press
sleeve development

Flexonippress

QualiFlex
sleevetheinexperience with a fabric producer on
more

than

600

fabric-basedpress

sleeves. Operating results showed thatthe service life of fabric-based sleeveslongVoith Sulzer is the only manufacturer

was mainly limited by fabric fatigue fail-service life of this

supplying shoe press and sleeve onure (due to stretching), and partially by

sleeve design setsa single-source basis, thus ensuring

fabric wear. Since the production processantrouble-free commissioning.

hindered reproducible quality and dimen-

importantPaper Machines

33

Fig. 1:
Nip of a NipcoFlex shoe press.
Fig. 2:
Arrangement of the Voith Sulzer QualiFlex press
sleeve.

sional accuracy, service life was very
difficult to forecast.
In view of these findings and the comprehensive shoe-press know-how accumulated by Voith Sulzer, it was decided todevelopanentirelynewproprietary

design – the QualiFlex press sleeve.
QualiFlex press sleeve structure
CD yarns

The patented QualiFlex press sleeve isblind drilling

MD yarns

not built up on a fabric base like its
predecessors. Its reinforcing yarns are
entirely embedded in polyurethane, andare therefore completely free of wear andtear (Fig. 2).

Qualiflex S (smooth)Qualiflex B (blind drilled)

As a unique feature, precisely reprodu-

2

cible quality and dimensions are ensured
by manufacturing each sleeve on theand are thoroughly reliable. This isblind holes remain open and prevent

same cylindrical mandrel.

reflected in the long service lives of all

crack

these sleeves so far in operation.

(undrilled) QualiFlex-S sleeves are usedThanks to the high tensile strength of theformation.

Smoothsurfacedin presses with low drainage require-yarns, QualiFlex press sleeves retain their

Versions

exact dimensions throughout service life.

90% of QualiFlex press sleeves are deliv-

Since the sleeve does not have to beered with blind holes drilled in the sur-Operating results

reversed during manufacturing, any asso-

face. This is because operating experi-

The cost-effectiveness of this new press

ciated errors are eliminated. And perfectence has shown that the additional void

sleeve generation is clearly assured bysealing is guaranteed by pressure-testing

volume increases drainage capacity inextremely long service life:

to 2 bar. Due to the endless reinforce-the nip. The result of this may bement yarns, QualiFlex sleeves have no

improved dry content, steam savings orOnweaving seam – formerly a weak point

longer felt life. This water storage capac-

Schoellershammer Industrial Paper Mills,

liable to cause unexpected failure. This

ity of 440 cm 3/m 2 exceeds that ofa blind-drilled QualiFlex sleeve operated

also

eliminates

theannoying

ments.

acorrugatedboardmachineatnoisegrooved press sleeves, and the boringfor 308 days. At 650 m/min and 1000

caused by the seam passing through thedepth of 2 mm allows enough wear toler-

kN/m, this is equivalent to almost 50 mil-nip. Thanks to all these advantages,

ance for the longest operating times.

lion nip passes or 210,000 km of paper

QualiFlex sleeves run extremely smoothly

Even at the highest line pressures, theseproduction.

34

Fig. 3:Press sleeve running times on VP 6 in Sydney.
Fig. 4:Press sleeve running times on Hoya PM 2.

one has now been operating for more
Voith Sulzer
QualiFlex-B

250
Running time in days

than one year. (Fig. 4).

Voith Sulzer
QualiFlex-B¨

Voith Sulzer
QualiFlex-B

On the world’s first newsprint machinewith shoe press, a QualiFlex-B sleeve

200

operated in Switzerland for 175 days.
150

At a mean speed of 1140 m/min and100

800 kN/N line pressure, this is equivalent
to 70 million nip passes.

50

On the world’s first machine (in Austria)

019.8.1994

2.3.1995

22.9.1995

with shoe press for producing woodfree

Press sleeve installation datecopying paper, the first QualiFlex sleeve3

ran for 231 days straight after commisVoith Sulzer
QualiFlex-B

sioning. At 1060 m/min this corresponds

Voith Sulzer
QualiFlex-B

to about 62 million nip passes. All these¨Voith Sulzer
QualiFlex-B
350

QualiFlex sleeves were changed during
planned shutdowns.

Running time in days

300
250

The newsprint machine with 9650 mm

200

wire width commissioned in May 1996
represents a real quantum leap. Operat-

150

ing at a speed of 1700 m/min, this100

machine is likewise fitted with blind-50
04drilled QualiFlex press sleeves.
11.1.1994

21.9.1994
Press sleeve installation date

1.6.1995

As shown by these examples, the QualiFlex sleeve enables running times of

The troublefree commissioning of Quali-

1150 kN/m. This corresponds to 51 and

40 to 60 million nip passes with trouble-

Flex press sleeves was demonstrated on

53

respectively

free operation. These outstanding results

the VP 6 machine in Sydney and PM 2 at

(Fig. 3). The third QualiFlex-B sleeve hasreflect the consistently high quality of

the Hoya mills.

been operating for more than 225 days at

sleeve materials and manufacturing.

millionnip

passesthe time of writing. This represents more
At Visy Paper in Sydney, Australia, thethan 60 million nip passes. On PM 2 inThis experience forms a solid basis

first two blind-drilled QualiFlex sleevesthe Hoya mills, the first two blind-drilled

for meeting the high demands placed

installed on a linerboard machine operat-

QualiFlex sleeves ran for 253 days eachon shoe presses in the paper industry

ed for about 200 days at 800 m/min andat 460 m/min and 990 kN/m. The third

today.

Paper Machines

35

Paper Machinery Division:
DuoRoller II – a star in winder technology
Where will it all end? With ever-increasing press speeds, the printing industry is
also demanding jumbo rolls of unprecedented size. These have already reacheddiameters of 1500 mm, widths of 3800
mm and weights of 8 tonnes or more.
To take account of such requirements,
the paper machinery industry must also
develop suitable winding technology.
VSPT is meeting this growing challengewith winning concepts such as the DuoRoller II. Since the founding of Voith
Sulzer Paper Technology, this slitting andwinding system has developed into amarket trend-setter. All the DuoRoller
machines in service so far not only operate to complete satisfaction, but have1

exceeded all expectations. Among thegrowing list of reference installations andorders on hand are some interesting
examples: Two DuoRoller II with a working width of 8900 mm together with asalvagewinderfor

Braviken PM 53, currently

thelargestworld’s
newsprint

machine. Two DuoRoller II 8500 mm
wide for the Halla millin Korea, and two
with a width of 7900
mm for Selangor in
Malaysia,
The author:
Rudolf Beißwanger,
product line
winder technology

which

both

are

of

likewisenewsprint machines.
Furthermore,

one

2

36

Fig. 3:
DuoRoller ll line force characteristics.
Fig. 4:
Roll core loading due to sleeve forces.

Fig. 1 (page 35):
DuoRoller ll, on Schongau PM 7.

Fig. 5:
DuoRoller ll unwinder splice:
automatic web joining.

Fig. 2 (page 35):
DuoRoller ll with Splicematic and web end gluing.

DuoRoller II with a working width ofkN/m

6100 mm for PM 6 at the Schongau mill

8Line force due topaper roll weight(r = 700 kg/m3)

7

in Germany, which produces high grade
newsprint

6

rotogravure

Roller II installed at its Schongau and4

Schwedt mills – an excellent referenceLine force on central rollfor the cost-effectiveness and technical2

Relief due tosleeve guides

1

superiority of this winder concept.
Free choice of modules

0
1

for

printing. Haindl Paper now has six Duo-5

3

suitable

300

2

300

700

1100 ø mm

success? One of the chief advantages of

Loading due to pressure roll andsleeve guiding

3

What are the reasons for this outstanding
the DuoRoller II is its modular concept,
which allows great flexibility with regard

3

to customized layout. A dependable feedsystem brings the web from the unwind
D minstand through the slitter section to the

P3

D max

rewind section (Fig. 2). Two carrierdrums, one on each side of the central

D maxroll, form a winding bed. The paper reels
are wound to the required size in individWeb tension profile

4

Layer pressure
on reel core

Bending and layer
displacement at
reel core

ual winding stations with end guides,
which are supported by the carrierdrums. Various degrees of automation
for unwinding, slitting and roll changing
allow perfect adaptation to production
line requirements.
Superior winding concept for
high-quality paper rolls
The ideal combination of a two drum andsingle drum concepts guarantees firstclass paper roll quality with low line
forces. Thanks to precise winding control
based on torque distribution between the5central drum and carrier drum, windingPaper Machines

37

Fig. 6:
AutoSet II.
Fig. 7:
DuoRoller ll: completion of web end gluing
and reel changing.

density is optimal (Fig. 3). Furthermore,high-precision core and roll guides in thewinding bed prevent any core bending
and ensure level web tensioning, optimallayer pressure distribution and extremely
small layer displacement with respect tothe roll core (Fig. 4).
Further developments
The first DuoRoller II generation was outstandingly successful since it was thefirst Multistation concept with fully automated reel changing system, thus allowing about 15% higher machine availability than other systems. In the meantime

6

the second DuoRoller II generation hasreachedmaturity,

again

with

trend-

setting improvements in automation andproductivity as shown by the following
three examples:
Splicematic
The Splicematic (Fig. 5) automaticallyjoins the beginning of the new web to theend of the previous one. This is done byan adhesive tape fixed to the reel. The
automation of this previously manualtask not only reduces operation time, but

7increases overall machine availability.
Roll changing and web end gluing

outlay. As a result, automatic reel chang-

AutoSet with automatic calibration

Two of the most important functions

ing and web end gluing take less than

The AutoSet (Fig. 6) ensures high-pre-have been elegantly combined: automatic

60 seconds.

cision setting of the knife and windingroll changing and web end gluing. The

station to the given slitting format. The

finished paper rolls are thus made readyFig. 8 shows the time savings resulting

calibrating device also corrects the knife

in a single step for transport to the pack-from these new developments. The mid-position after regrinding. The entire pro-aging station. Web end gluing takes placedle column represents the first DuoRoller

cedure is controlled very simply by key-

during the deceleration phase for eachII generation, and the right hand column

board and monitor screen.

roll set, and requires no additional timeshows the second generation with the

38

Fig. 8:Availability improvement due to automation.

Full reel change

Winder availability
100 % = 24 h
100
Time loss due to:– maintenance– cleaning– paper tearing

90
7 minutes
manual80
65

Availability

2 minutes
with Splicematic

Without
automaticreel changing

Automated
format andreel changing

Automated
format and reelchanging plus
Splicematic

8

Splicematic and web end gluing modules.

The Promatic system combines pro-incorporates a production data module

As a comparison, the left hand column

grammable controls with networked high-with statistical evaluation of windingshows a Multistation concept without theavailability industrial PCs, thus enabling

structure.

automatic reel changing so important for

keyboard control and screen monitoringmachine availability.

with immediate response times. The Pro-

PC user interface

matic is linked to the machinery via an

All operations are controlled and moni-equally rapid and reliable field bus (Inter-

tored from PC stations with windowsbus) as shown in Fig. 9. This brings theinterface and full redundancy. Commands

following advantages:

are entered by function keys and track-

PromaticThe

degreeofautomation

can

be

increased even more than this, thus
enhancing quality and performance stillball.

Comprehensive

troubleshooting

further, by using a ultra modern com-

I Wiring is kept to a minimum

support is provided by diagnostics soft-

puterized control system known as the

I Allware, and a modem connection is includ-

Promatic. Thanks to this new system,someambitious

dreamshavenow

become reality:

components are works tested fored as standard for remote diagnostlcs.

shorter commissioning times
I Simple troubleshooting during opera-

In summary, the DuoRoller II is currently

tion thanks to self-diagnostics.

I Maximum productivity through great-

the most up-to-date winding concept in

est possible automation of all proce-Rollmaster winding density control

particular for graphical papers. It enables

dures

By reproducible control of winding struc-customized systems to be set up which

I User-friendly control

ture,systemnot only meet today’s ever-increasing

I Low-maintenance control system withbrings a further significant improvement

demands, but also allow for future expan-

in paper roll quality. The Rollmastersion.

continuous diagnostics.

theRollmaster

controlPaper Machines

Fig. 9:
Promatic computerized control system.
Fig. 10:
DuoRoller II: PC monitor control.

Phone line
for modem
Plant
computer

9

10

Hydraulics

Interbus
I/O

Pneumatics

Interbus
I/O

Local control
stations
Solenoid valves
Sensors

Interbus I/O

MCC
Motor control
centreInterbus I/O

PROMATIC
modules
MachinecontrolFormatchangeBasic package

AutoSetSPC

Field bus

Production
data

Reel
quality

RollMaster
I PC

User inferface
anddiagnostics
Monitor control

Field bus
Interbus
I/O

Drive
control

3940

Paper Machinery Divisions:
Voith Sulzer Paper Technology benefits from
Sulzer Innotec resources

The Sulzer Technology Corporation, Winterthur, maintains its worldwide leadership
throughongoing activities
in basic research.

The author:
Dieter Egelhof,
R & D, Heidenheim

Voith Sulzer Paper
Technology
hasunrestricted
access to the latest advances inmodern measuring
technology during
the course of thisresearch work. In
the Sulzer Innotec
fluid
mechanics
laboratory, for example,
state-of-the-art laser methods are used for flow
measurement and analysis. The data thus
obtained can also be applied to the further development of headbox designs,
and this is one of the ways in which Voith
Sulzer Paper Technology benefits fromthe pioneering work of Sulzer Innotec.
The laser doppler anemometer (LDA) is acase in point – it measures the 3-dimensional flow velocities and turbulences inheadbox nozzles and pulp jets much
more precisely than all known methods
so far. To this purpose four laser beams
penetrating inside the headbox are precisely focused on predetermined measuring points.
Another technical innovation is the laser
particle image velocimeter (PIV), which

generates an image of flow conditions at
the measuring point. We shall be reporting in our next issue on the results
obtained with this new concept.

41

Finishing

1

Division Finishing:
Ecocal – the modular system for soft calendering

Soft Nip Calendering has become a wellfront of this technology with Soft Calend-

have supplied over one hundred Soft Nip

established method for finishing a wideers supplied and in manufacture to oper-

Calenders, with each Calender being de-variety of paper and board products, with

ate at up to 200°C roll surface tempera-

signed and manufactured to suit thethe ability to achieve much higher levels

ture, linear pressure of 450 kg/cm andcustomer’s partic-of smoothness, gloss and printability

speeds of up to 1800 metres per minute.

ular requirements.

over hard nip calendering widely recog-

The Janus Concept was developed to pro-

The design range onised. To illustrate this point, two thirds

vide finishing capabilities beyond the cur-theof all the calenders sold since the middle

rent soft calender design limits whilst at

manufacturedof 1990 by companies now within thethe same time requirements of other sec-theVoith Sulzer Finishing Division have been

tions of the market, where paper andFinishing Division

Soft Nip Calenders.

board finish qualities are not as demand-

includes roll face-

CalendersVoithing, have also been considered by the in-width

To satisfy the demands of the end user,

troduction of a new generation of finish-

mm to 9600 mm,

Calender manufacturers have been con-ing calenders.

maximum operat-

stantly extending the operating capabil-

from

by

Sulzer600

ing speed from 60

ities of their machines and the Voith

Since 1980 Hunt & Moscrop as a member

to 1800 metres per

Sulzer Finishing Division is at the fore-of the Voith Sulzer Finishing Division

minute, maximum

The author:
Stan Heal,
applications
Hunt & Moscrop

42

ECO 1.2

ECO 2.2

ECO 3.2

1755

1660
1150

1525

1440
1000

1300

1000

1220

965

965

2260

1135

1135

1500 NIP HEIGHT

1960

850

1300 NIP HEIGHT

850

1660
1100 NIP HEIGHT

1150

1305

1305

2
1000

2100

1000

1150

1150

1300

2400

1300
2700

thermo roll surface temperature from am-

felt within the operating limits of 150°C

This standardised, modular design con-bient to 200°C and maximum linear pres-roll surface temperature and 35 N/mm 2

cept means that considerably less engi-

sures from 80 to 450 kg/cm to provide

specific pressure. These operating limits

neering design and drawing time is re-

maximum specific nip pressures from 21

were then selected as the design parame-quired for each contract and because

to 41 N/mm 2. This has meant many hours

ters for the Ecocal range of standard ca-

standard drawings exist information canof engineering involvement and speciallylenders. There are five sizes of Calenderbe made available for manufacturing de-produced equipment from sub-suppliersin the range, in double nip and single nippartments much earlier in a contract thanon an individual contract basis, with as-

design, for finishing both sides or just

is normal for a custom built machine,sociated high costs, to satisfy these par-one side of the sheet. There is also atherefore enabling shorter delivery times

ticular customer requirements. To cope

double nip design with compact frames

to be offered for an Ecocal than for a spe-with the increased demand from paper

for installations where space is limited.

cially designed Calender (Fig. 2 and table).

and board producers it was decided totake a new approach by developing a

The Ecocal range is based on a modular

Although the Ecocal was originally con-standard range of Calenders – the Ecocal

design concept with one size of loading

ceived as a lower priced range of Calend-(Fig. 1).

arm and hydraulic cylinder for each of theers several advanced design features

five sizes of Calender frame. Each frame

have been incorporated to provide the

The operating conditions and customer

and pivot arm assembly can accomodate

customer with a high quality machine

requirements from the two hundred Softtwo sizes of rolls. For the nominal design

suitable for finishing a wide variety of

Nip Calenders installed world-wide by theconditions the roll sizes change withpaper and board grades. The latest devel-

Voith Sulzer Finishing Division were ana-

250 mm changes in maximum sheet

opment of thermo roll utilising direct

lysed, as were the results of several hun-width and the frame size changes withsteam heating is included, for roll surface

dred customer trials carried out on the

500 mm changes in maximum sheet widthtemperatures of up to 150°C, eliminating

Hunt & Moscrop pilot Calender and it was

to give a maximum sheet width process-the need for a separate oil heating systemfound that a large number of applications

ing range from 1500 mm to 4000 mm.

with it’s associated installation and main-Finishing

43

ECO 4.2

ECO 5.2
2320

2100
1450

2000

1880

2860

1300

1475

1475

1450

1900 NIP HEIGHT

2560

1300

1700 NIP HEIGHT

1450

1645

1450

1645

1600

3000

1600
3300

Ecocal – Standard Design Rangeof other factors affecting cover wear

CalenderReference
NumberMaximum
Maximum
Sheet Width Operating
(mm)
Speed

Maximum
LinearPressure

Maximum
Specific Pressure
Toptec 3
Toptec 4

ECO 1.1

1500-1750

175 kg/cm

33 N/mm 2

35 N/mm 2

150°C

Another design target for the Ecocal team

35 N/mm 2

600 m/minMaximum
OperatingTemperaturerates it is not possible to quantify this.

ECO 1.2

1750-2000

600 m/min

190 kg/cm

33 N/mm 2

150°C

of engineers was to make roll changing

ECO 2.1

2000-2250

600 m/min

205 kg/cm

33 N/mm 2

35 N/mm 2

150°C

and routine maintenance as easy as pos-

ECO 2.2

2250-2500

600 m/min

215 kg/cm

33 N/mm 2

35 N/mm 2

150°C

sible, to reduce scheduled (or unsched-

ECO 3.1

2500-2750

600 m/min

235 kg/cm

33 N/mm 2

35 N/mm 2

150°C

uled) downtime and permit productivity

ECO 3.2

2750-3000

600 m/min

250 kg/cm

33 N/mm 2

35 N/mm 2

150°C

from the Calender. The design of the

ECO 4.1

3000-3250

600 m/min

262 kg/cm

33 N/mm 2

35 N/mm 2

150°C

ECO 4.2

3250-3500

600 m/min

280 kg/cm

33 N/mm 2

35 N/mm 2

150°C

ECO 5.1

3500-3750

600 m/min

295 kg/cm

33 N/mm 2

35 N/mm 2

150°C

ECO 5.2

3750-4000

600 m/min

310 kg/cm

33 N/mm 2

35 N/mm 2

150°C

Ecocal is based on the experiences
gained by Hunt & Moscrop from over fifteen years of Soft Calender manufacture
and is an evolutionary rather than a revo-

tenance costs, whilst at the same time

At the initial design stage careful consid-

lutionary design. The Ecocal Concept isproviding and extremely good tempera-

eration was give to the stresses createdintended to satisfy a section of paper andture profile across the roll face. Improve-in the roll soft cover and the loadingboard producers and as previously men-

ments have also been made to the tradi-

arrangement was designed to reduce thetioned it is the base for further Ecocaltional Hunt & Moscrop Swimming Roll, of

tangential stresses in the roll cover asversions which are designed for higher

which over 3500 have been suppliedmuch as possible. Because of the good

speeds, higher linear loads, higher tem-world-wide. By extending the internalline force distribution and the reduction

peratures and increased facewidths also,

bearing centres the Econip-X roll gives anin cover stresses it is anticipated that theto enable the Voith Sulzer Finishing Divi-

accuracy of line force distribution which

periods between cover regrinds will besion to cover all paper and board finish-

is the best possible of any single zone

longer than those for existing Soft Nip

ing requirements by out comprehensive

deflection compensating roll.

Calenders although, of course, because

range of equipment.

44

Finishing Division:
The Janus Concept –a supercalender with plastic rolls?

1Ever since the Janus technology centre in

replaced one by one with plastic covered

ers are used. So the Janus Concept is

Krefeld was opened, there has been widerolls. Fig.2 shows the reduction of sheet

certainly not as simple as the question

discussion on the Janus calendering con-smoothness after replacing a certain

asked at the outset.

cept. In view of the fantastic possibilities

number of roll covers, and Fig. 3 shows

opened up by this concept, the following

the effect on gloss. In both cases the test

An examination of gloss and smoothness

question arises again and again: does

material was LWC of European origin.

development in each individual supercal-

the Janus Concept

The trend is clear: as the number of plas-

ender nip (Figs. 5 and 6) clearly shows

simply mean fit-tic covered rolls increases (up to 4 in thisthat optimal smoothness and gloss istingsupercal-case), sheet smoothness reduces by 10%

already reached after just over half theender with plastic

and gloss by 3%. The reason for this sig-

available roll nips. This also applies torollcovers?

Atnificant drop of supercalendering results,

the other paper parameters involved. In

first

sight

this

solely due to installing plastic roll covers,

actual fact, many nips would be unneces-aappears

is shown in Fig. 4. Four of the five cot-sary in the supercalender if cotton roll

perfectly justifiableton-covered rolls on a 10-roll supercal-

covers were not so sensitive to marking.

– as shown in Fig.

ender for wood-free coated paper in a US

This brings us to the first principle of

1, one of the manymill were replaced by plastic covered

the Janus Concept – keep the number ofpossiblequestion

The author:
Franz Kayser,
Marketing,application, R & D

Janusrolls. As a result, the main drive power

nips down to the minimum necessary. A

layouts looks very

consumption immediately fell by about

flexible roll cover is therefore required

much like a super-

one third. In other words, flexure of thewhich is extremely resilient to marking.

calender seen from

cotton-covered rolls in the nip had previ-

The plastic material development to-

the side. The only

ously converted one third of the drive

gether with roll cover experts is com-

way to answer this question properly,

power consumption into heat. This also

pared in Fig. 7 with cotton covers,

however, is to compare test results onmeans that one third of the calendering

showlng the enormous difference insupercalenders

energy is missing when plastic roll cov-

marking sensitivity.

where

the

rolls

are

Finishing

45

Fig. 1:
Left: supercalender for art paper.
Right: Janus calenders with 2 x 5 or 1 x 8 rolls.
Fig. 2:
Smoothness development.

Fig. 5
Effect of number of nips on paper surface
roughness.

Fig. 3:Gloss development.

Fig. 6
Effect of number of nips on gloss.

Fig. 4:
Drive power as a function of elastic roll covermaterial.

Fig. 7
Sensitivity of roll cover materials to marking.

0.84
0.82
0.80
0.78
0.76
0.74
0.72

0
1
2
3
Number of Plastic Rolls in the SC
LWC 60 g/m2

To convert an 11-nip supercalender into a

Effect of Number of Nips on Roughness
Roughness PPS-10 S mm

Roughness PPS-10 S mm

Supercalender with Plastic Covers
2.6
2.2
1.8
1.4

v = 700 m/min
L = 300 N/mm

2

SS/WS

1.0
0.6

4

7-nip Janus calender, not only must the

3.0

5

OS/TS

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Number of Nips
PG/PW=135 g/m2 T=90°C
Cotton 85°ShD
F/M=6.5%
Q=38 N/mm2

roll covers be insensitive to marking, butalso to mechanical loading and highfrequency load reversals. The comparisonof a supercalender plastic roll with a
JanuTec in Table 1 shows very clearly
that the JanusTec must be twice as
resistant to thermal loading as well as tomechanical loads and loading frequencies.
The same applies to the metallic side ofSupercalender with Pastic Covers
90
Gloss Lehmann %Gloss Gardner 75° %

74
73
72
71
70
69

LWC 60 g/m2

v = 700 m/min
L = 300 N/mm

6
Deepness of Remaining Impression [mm]Drive Power with Different Typesof Soft Rolls

Drive Power kW

200

4

80
70

SS/WS

60
50
40
20

4

3

150
100
50
0

OS/TS

30
0
1
2
3
Number of Plastic Rolls in the SC

200

400
600
Speed m/min
5 cotton rolls (90°ShD)
4 plastic rolls (88°ShD)+ 1 cotton roll
10-roll SC without paper line load:
268 N/mm, face width: 3850 mm

the nip, i.e. the heating rolls. Here again,

Effect of Number of Nips on Gloss

800

7

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Number of Nips
PG/PW=135 g/m2 T=90°C
F/M=6.5%
Cotton 85°ShD
Q=38 N/mm2

Marking Resistance ofRoll Fillings and Covers

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

new materials had to be developed. On
one hand to allow temperatures of about140-150°C (between soft calender andsupercalender levels). On the other handto develop enough wear resistance forreasonable roll grinding intervals under
the tough conditions of the Janus conditions.

Table 1: High loadable soft covers
for Super- and Janus Calenders
Use forSuperJanus
calender concept

0.4

Hardness °ShD

91

91

0.3

Long time operation temp. °C

110

140

Max. line load
N/mm

350

500

Max. spec.
pressure N/mm 24260Max. load change
frequency Hz

7-9

25

0.5

0.2
0.1
0

0.5
1.5
Thickness of Impressing Plate [mm]Roll filling/cover:cotton filling
plastic cover “X”
JanuTec

46

Fig. 8:Microstructure of a cast chilled iron roll,hardness KT 550,
magnified 100x.

Table 2: Surfaces of Thermo Rolls
Surface material:

Chilled Iron

Chromium

SUME cal GD 02

Hardness HV

530

800

1400

galvanic bath

High-Velocity
Oxygen Fuel< 0.04< 0.04

150Hm

150Hm

no doctors,
very dangerous
at high temperatures

latest technology,
with doctors
especially forcoated papers

Application system
Roughness Ra, Hm

0.08

Coating thickness
Notes

chilled cast iron,surface roughness increasing
during operation

8

As shown in Fig. 8, the structure of theTable 3: Technology comparison

chilled cast iron calendering rolls traditionally used for almost a century is
totally inadequate for this purpose. The

Supercalender
11 nips
70°C, 700m/min

Janus Concept
7 nips
150°C, 1500m/min

Softcalender4 nips
200°C, 1500m/min

distribution of hard and soft materials on

Gloss

–

++

++

the roll surface would lead too quickly to

Smoothness

++

++

–

a roughness completely precluding efficient smoothing. Neither was it possible

Temp.

Nips

to fall back on the well-tried solution of

Temp.

Nips

Temp.

Nips

chromium plating, which is too soft forrequirements.

hand,

In any case, a comparison of supercalen-

the Janus nip. Another drawback is that

although the temperature level of the softdering with soft calendering shows thatchromium is too sensitive to scratchcalender is high enough at 200°C, it

temperature and mechanical nip capacity

marking by the all-important doctors.

reaches its limits all too often and too

are out of balance. And wherever condi-

early.

tions are unbalanced, there is always a

On

the

other

In close cooperation with surface coating

deficit in one respect or another. During

specialists, the new surface material

Particularly in the case of paper qualities

the test series which finally led to the

Sumecal was developed. This raises nowhich require densification such as LWC

Janus Concept, a clear optimum wasproblems with doctors, and meets all

rotogravure printing or SCA-paper, theestablished between mechanical deforma-smoothness

requirements.

meryless smoothing of the soft calendertion

Tab. 2 shows a comparison of chilled cast

and

gloss

shows up in the form of compression

temperature effect in the nip.

iron rolls with chromium and Sumecal.

stripes, a kind of miniature corrugationenergyandthecorrespondingon the surface. Since this effect can influ-

Since this optimal balance between tem-

As mentioned above, the supercalender

ence printing results, soft calendering isperature and mechanical deformation dif-temperature level is too low for theseoften not possible.

fers according to paper grade, the limits

Finishing47

Fig. 9:Comparison of line force distribution.

2400

1525

1600

1600

1400

1500 1500

1400

1200
1000

1200

1200

1200

v [m/min]

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Fig. 11:Janus calender in the Krefeld Janus technology
centre.

v [m/min]Number of Nips

Figs. 10 and 11:
Janus and supercalender tests with comparable
results but at different maximum speeds.
12

800
750

600
400

800

800

800

600

200
300
Line Load N/mm

400

0
0

Conventional Supercalender
Compensated Supercalender
Janus Concept

900

600
550

600

1

2

650 700

700

3

5
6
Paper No.

200
1

2

3

4

0
0

5
6
Paper No.

Wood-free coated papers
JanusSupercalender

11

10

9

1000

800
400

450

200

100

1000

1450
1100 1100

4

Uncoated papers
JanusSupercalender

for the Janus Concept were fixed so thatments, or the total relieve of the roll

Concept. The blue curve at the bottom

all the optimal combinations required canweight. Here again, however, only one

represents the maximum speeds possible

be set at a specific pressure of 60 N/mm 2

optimum is possible between maximum

on a supercalender with various types ofand a maximum heating roll temperaturesmoothing effect of the roll stack and –paper. The red curve at the top shows theof 150°C (see table 3, technological com-in this case – web running characteris-

speeds reached on a Janus calender forparison).

tics. In other words, the line force should

the same gloss and smoothness results

vary to a certain extent from one nips toon the same papers. The speeds attain-

In a study published at the end of thethe other in order to generate the web

able with the Janus Concept are twice ornineteen-eighties, (“The SNC, the Super-

tension between the nips which is essen-

three times as high – in clear contrast to

calender of the Nineties”), the importancetial for wrinkle-free running.

the results shown in Fig. 2 and 3 for aof smoothing in the upper supercalendersupercalender with plastic rolls.

nips was emphasized. The relationshipThe physical rules involved were estab-here is quite simple: the lower the rolllished during development of the Janus

The answer to the question asked at theweight in a multiroll calender, the higher

Concept and are taken into account in the

beginning of this article is definitely NO,

the smoothing potential, since a greaterloading diagram shown in Fig. 9.

therefore. As explained above, the matter

proportion is taken over by the upper rollis not so simple. In actual fact, the Janus

nips. So it could seem to be the best,

Apart from plastic rolls, heating rolls andConcept is a totally new form of calender-

having the same line load in the lower

their coatings, a good many other studies

ing which exploits all the advantages

part of a calender and in the upper part –and developments have been carried out

available today.

for having the highest possible smooth-in this connection, but they would far

ing effect.

exceed the scope of this article.

A supercalender can of course be upgraded into a Janus calender – but it takes a

Various systems are known in this direc-

Fig. 10 summarizes the results of all

lot more than simply installing plastic

tion, such as horizontal roll arrange-thesecovered rolls.

developments

in

the

Janus

48

Finishing Division:
Twister –reel packaging for the future
A lot of effort goes into producing andout damage – is assisted by optimal

Anotherfinishing paper, so it has to be properly

packaging. Apart from preventing dam-increase in reel width – now already up to

point

is

that

the

ongoing

protected against mechanical damage

age, the packaging must also retain the

4 metres – makes it necessary to rede-and climatic effects on its way to thespecific product characteristics and qual-

sign traditional packaging machinery,

printers. This is precisely the job of theity features of the paper. At the same

such as the Lowpack or Normpack con-reel packaging and transport systems

time, it has to cost as little as possible

cepts used so far according to mill spacemarketed since 1968 by Voith Sulzer

and be environmentally compatible. On

conditions (Figs. 1 and 2).

Finishing GmbH, Krefeld, together with all

top of all these requirements, the packag-

kinds of surface finishing machinery.

ing also serves as publicity medium and

The handling alone of wide packaging

has to stand up to normal wear and tear

paper reels is not without its problems,

Optimal reel handling means transport-

by reel grips. We have found that the best

depending on space available. Althoughing, storing and packaging the finished

way of meeting these widely varied

the number of reels to be packed per

rolls of paper without damaging the highdemands is to use packaging paper.

hour reduces with increasing width, there

product quality achieved at so much

Trials by some mills on plastic foil

is a wider range of sizes between small-outlay.

instead of packaging paper showed that

est and largest reels. This means that the

many of these requirements – some ofmanual and automated reel packaging

Voith Sulzer Finishing GmbH supplies

which are contradictory – are not met

machines existing at the present timecomprehensive systems for all reel han-optimally by plastic packaging (Table 1).

have to be adapted to the needs of future
markets.

dling needs in thepaper and printing
industry,

rangingfrom reel removal
after

cuttingcompletely

to

auto-

matic paper loadingon

printingpresses. Our decades of reel handling
The author:
Volker Schölzke,
packaging andtransport systems.

know-how

are not only available to customers
in the paper industry, but also to theprinting and other associated industries.
The main task of the reel transportsystem – moving the finished paper with-

Table 1:
Quality demands on paper reelpackaging

The number of reeling stations requiredforconventional

packagingmachines

I Cost-effective
I Moisture-proof and unaffected byclimatic changes
I Protection against mechanicaldamage by reel grips, resistant todirt, dust, grease, oil, etc.
I Durable and crush-resistantI Suitable as a publicity and corporate
design medium (printed logo, etc.)
I Environmentally compatible andrecyclable

depends on the width range of reels to beConclusion: the above requirements
are best met by packaging paper,
which in most respects is superior toother packaging materials such as
foils, stretch fabric, etc.

tolerance of 150 mm means that for eachpacked. Packaging paper has to be wide
enough to cover the entire reel, including
extra material for the fold overlaps at
both ends.
In order to ensure sufficiently strong
folds and a neat appearance, overlaps
should be at least 100 mm but not morethan 250 mm at each end. This wide
step of 300 mm in reel width, an additional

packagingrequired.

As

a

paper
result,winderaispackagingmachine for reels up to 3 m wide alreadyFinishing

49

Fig. 1:
Reel packaging machine type Lowpack Center.
Fig. 2:
Reel packaging machine type Normpack Line.

has 10 winding stations. For wider reels,
as many as 12, 14 or even more stations
are required.
The

associateddrawbacks

are

high

investment costs, complex machinerywith intensive maintenance requirements,and high logistical outlay for the wide
range of packaging paper widths. As
leading partner to the paper industry,
Voith Sulzer Finishing GmbH therefore
felt obliged to develop a new reel packaging concept (see Table 2).
This new concept is the Twister, a single
packaging machine for reels of any size –whatever their width or diameter – using
1

only one size of packaging paper.
Table 2:
Reasons why the paper industry
needs a new reel packaging
technology

2

I The wide variety of reel widths andweights demands wide-range packaging capacity
I The ongoing increase in reel sizes
demands a flexible, extendible
packaging system
I Conventional reel packaging
machines need too much space
I Logistics costs for handling andstorage of packaging materials arehigh due to the wide variety of reelwidthsI High dynamic loads due to reelhandling on conventional packaging
systems cause excessive wear on
machinery components.

50

Fig. 3:
Spiral winding principle.
Fig. 4:
Twister layout.

The Twister reel packaging machine
works on the spiral winding principle,
using conventional packaging paper (i.e.
without stretch effect), as shown in
Fig. 3.
For all reel widths, the same packaging
paper width is used (e.g. 500 mm). The
spiral winding angle and the feed rate of
the packaging paper dispenser along theSequence No. 1
spiral wrappingof roll body

Sequence No. 2
roll edge wrapping
left hand side

Sequence No. 3
roll edge wrapping
right hand side

reel are automatically adjusted to thenumber of wrapping layers required. The

3

spiral overlaps are glued together toensure high strength, form stability andgoodsealingagainstmoisture

I unwinder for spiralwrapping
I crimper
I
headerpress
Iglueingdeviceandclimatic effects. The overlapping folds –roll kicker

protecting the paper edges at the reelends – are wound separately at rightpaper roll

Table 3:
Advantages of spiral winding insteadof conventional reel packaging
I Low investment costs – only one
compact packaging unit insteadof extensive system machinery.
I Less space requirements formachine and packaging paper
storage
I Only one standard packaging
paper width for all reel sizes
I Uses well-proven packaging
materials
I Ideal for packaging all current andfuture reel sizes
I High degree of additional edge
protection
I Variable packaging capacity thanks
to modular design.

roll bumper

4angles to the reel axis, thus maintaining

With constant packaging material costs

an optimal fold overlap width of 150 mm.

per reel, Twister users benefit fromThe number of layers can be adjusted tonumerous

the degree of edge protection required.

advantages (see Table 3). In particular,

The Twister is a compact automaticthe cost-intensive outlay for storing andmachine which takes up very little space,handling various widths of packaging

because it has only one feed line and apaper is eliminated. With the Twister con-short winding shaft for the packaging

cept, packaging materials logistics are

paper (Fig. 4).

simple and cost-effective, since there issavings

andtechnologicalFinishing

51

Fig. 5:Comparative space requirements.

Table 4:Drawbacks of conventional reelpackaging machines

Advantages of spiral-winding reelpackaging machines

I Complex winding mechanismwith wide packaging papers

I Simple winding shaft with shorttravel. Only one packaging paper rollwidth required.
I Small space requirements
I Compact unit
I Simple installation in the productionline
I Modular design covering all
capacities

I Large space requirements

I High dynamic loads because several
packaging stations required
I Complex control system due tolarge number of stations
I Many different packaging paper
widths according to reel width
I Complex handling required forchanging packaging paper rolls
I Complex storage requirements forseveral different packaging paper
widthsI Ageing / drying-out of packaging
paper in widths seldom used causes
wide variation in packaging quality.

I Low dynamic loads since only one
compact packaging unit is required
I Simple control system as a result
I Only one packaging paper width
required for spiral wrapping
I Simple handling of only
one packaging roll size
I Low-cost procurement and storage
since all packaging paper rolls are
the same size
I Continuous consumption of packaging paper ensures consistent packaging quality.

Lowpack Combi with
12 unwind stations for roll width
up to max. 3.8 meters
Installation area required:10.0 m x 27.5 m = 275 m 2
Twister for roll width up to
max. 3,8 meters
Installation area required:
9.3 m x 7.4 m = 69 m 2
5

no need to take account of the different

ple, the packaging performance of theThanks to its modular design using stan-widths of reels to be packaged. Fig. 5

Twister depends on the reel diameter anddardized elements, the Twister is always

and Table 4 show the advantages of theabove all on the reel width. The smallera viable alternative to conventional reel

new Twister compared with conventional

the diameter and the shorter the reel, thepackaging machines. It can replace semi-

reel packaging machines. Not only arehigher the packaging speed. This corre-

automatic machines with low packaging

space

and

sponds exactly with day-to-day practice

capacity per hour just as well as fully

investment costs lower, but far less out-

requirements

much

less

in the paper industry – either a large

automated lines with an hourly capacity

lay is required for operation and mainte-

number of short reels have to be pack-of 100 or more reels. Customized layouts

nance. Due to the spiral winding princi-

aged, or a smaller number of long ones.

can be prepared for each individual case.

52

Service Division:
Monitoring systems –the modern way of machine-minding
Papermaking processes are affected bybearings are fitted with vibration sensors.

In order to derive reliable information

an enormous number of parameters. Not

By this means not only is incipient bear-from large quantities of data, particular

only do these include mechanical anding damage detected in good time, butattention is paid in trend analysis to sim-

hydraulic vibrations above all, but also

also out-of-balance conditions or mis-ple operation and efficient evaluation

fluctuations of pressure, temperature,alignment. Preventive action can then be

methods.

stock flow and consistency. The moretaken during scheduled shutdowns toprecisely these parameters

prevent serious damage without signifi-

With the signal recovery module, thecant outlay.

causes of product quality fluctuations canare meas-

ured on a long-term basis and the betterbe located. Typical examples of suchtheir characteristics and interrelationships are known,

Technology monitor (VTM)

fluctuations are variations in basis weight

the

and

The Voith Sulzer technology monitor is

or sheet thickness. The signal recovery

fasteraccurately

made up of basic modules for trend anal-

method links these quality signal read-can problems be

ysis, source detection by signal recovery,

ings with possible sources of fluctuation,

analyzed and prod-

and frequency analysis. Trend analysis

such as pumps, screeners, wires or rolls.

uct

and

means keeping records of changes in

The result is a clear display of the com-machine availabil-

individual parameters during the course

ponents of the quality fluctuation in

ity be optimized.

of time. This forms the basis for efficientquestion due to each individual aggre-

Based

on

many

process analysis and optimization, and

gate.

years

of

experi-for detecting roll and cover wear. The

ence in paper ma-

important aspect here is that it must be

For systematic troubleshooting and accu-

chinery

optimiza-

possible to keep data records over longrate monitoring of all rotating elements,tion and trouble-

time periods. For this reason the VTM

the frequency analysis module is used.

shooting,

VSPT

2000 data base is designed for large

This breaks down the time-based signals

has therefore developed a comprehensive

memories. This means that not only

into their individual frequency compo-

system for machine condition monitoring

short-term fluctuations can be shown up

nents and displays them as a spectrum.

and analysis. This is made up of the twoand analyzed, but also genuine long-term

The frequency analysis spectra are stored

elements VMM 2000 (machinery monitor

trends over several years.

in the data base, and can thus be called

more

The author:
Rolf Mösle,Measuring and
Diagnostics

quality

up at any time for detailed analysis pur-for mechanical condition) and VTM 2000
(technology monitor for process analysis

The data base is basically compiled byandposes. A wide range of analysis tools andmonitoringstoring all main readings directly fromfunctions are provided, such as 3D dis-

system is individually configured for thethe process and quality control system.

play of time-based frequency characteris-plant in question (Fig. 1).

In addition, other important parameterstics (Fig. 2).

diagnostics).

Each

are measured by vibration sensors, presMachinery monitor (VMM)

sure transducers, flowmeters and a laser

During development of the Voith Sulzer

The Voith Sulzer machinery monitor pri-

system for detecting short-term basis

condition monitoring system, particularmarily keeps check on bearing condition.

weight variations in the machine direc-

importance was placed on simplicity ofTo this purpose all the paper machine

tion.

operation and conclusive graphic dis-Service

53

Fig. 1
Monitoring System layout.
Fig. 2
Systematic signal analysis with theVoith Sulzer technology monitor.

plays. This ensures that the system canbe used not only by the operating personnel for plant monitoring, but also by
the maintenance and production personnel and diagnostics specialists for moredetailed

analyses.

Furthermore,themodem incorporated in the system allows
remote diagnostics by Voith Sulzer Paper
Technology service specialists.
Advantages at a glance
Voith Sulzer monitoring systems not only
serve for machine monitoring itself, butalso for analysis and diagnosis of the
production process. Based on findings,
productivity can be enhanced and costs
reduced. These systems offer the following benefits:

1

I Dynamic monitoring of machinerycomponents.
I Wear analysis records for all wearing

parts.
I Source detection of production

interferences and faults.
I Data acquisition for optimizing plant

operation.
I Clarification of main process para-

meter characteristics and their mutualinterdependence.
I Long-term storage of process data

for trend analysis and evaluations.
Voith Sulzer monitoring systems are currently supplying valuable information formachine optimization in three paper
mills. Further systems will be commissioned shortly.

2

54

CORPORATE NEWSNorth America, pulp and paper giant:
Voith Sulzer Paper Technology’s
strong service presence
The vast North American continent is

As the paper industry continues to focus

Service Division specialists there, repair-

the world’s largest pulp and paper pro-on optimizing the use of manpower anding and maintaining a customer’s asset

ducing region, accounting for almost

machinery, there is an increasing trend ininvestments. Voith Sulzer Paper Technol-

40% of global paper and board produc-

North America toward the use of cost

ogy has established itself as technology

tion – and more than 35% of consump-effective outside service providers for theleader in this important market, providing

tion. Some 800 paper mills in Canada,

engineering, maintenance and support

a growing number of North American

Mexico and the United States turned out

functions previously carried out by millcustomers with complete papermaking

11,000 tonnes of paper and board every

and corporate personnel. Technicianslines ranging from woodyard logistics tohour during 1993. About one million peo-

wearing the uniforms of companies pro-the wrapping and storage of finished rolls

ple are employed in the North American

ducing everything from lubricants to pro-of paper. It goes without saying that from

pulp and paper industry, plus a goodcess controls are a common sight thesesuch a comprehensive system supplier,

many more in the peripheral supply

days in North American paper mills – andequally comprehensive service is ex-

industries.

it is just as common to see the VSPT

pected.

Corporate News

55

VSDE
Delta

It is not by chance, therefore, that the

VSPO
Portlandremoteness of some pulp and paper mills

VSPT Service Division is located right inmake it prohibitive or even impossible to
VSMI
Middletown

the middle – in Middletown, Ohio – ofmove large machine components to athis enormous paper and pulp production

regional service centre. In such cases,

region. Middletown is the headquarters

VSAU
Austell

VSWM
West Monroe

for a constantly expanding global net-

VSPT brings the technology and expertiseto the mill, carrying out repairs and ser-work of regional Service Centers. Five

vice on vital components on-site or evensuch service centres span the Northin the machine. The Service Division has

American continent.

specialized portable equipment for inmachine grinding of even the largest rolls

In accordance with the outsourcing trend

and dryer cylinders. A particular special-in the North American pulp and paper

integral partner in the North American

ity is the on-site renewal by thermal

industry, these VSPT service centres have

paper industry. Mill operating personnel

spray coating of rolls, cylinders and bear-long

profit from this close contact through a

ing housings, for example. This can

proprietary equipment alone. They carrydeparted

continuous

either be done with normal materials orout servicing and repairs for all kinds

advances in paper machinery technology,

usingof machinery and components, what-

including developments in the service

based on experience and specific require-

ever their make or version. This not only

sector. Wherever required, VSPT service

ments. Here is an overview of the five

distinguishes VSPT from other service

specialists make direct contact with the

VSPT service centres in North America,

suppliers,

with brief examples of their capabilities:

but

from

the

makes

supportof

updatingonthelatestmaintenance

VSPT Stock Preparation, Paper Machin-logistics much easier for customers.

ery and Finishing divisions to coordinate

At many mills, VSPT engineers and pro-complex projects and large investments.

ject managers fromthe

The author:
Chris Turner,
Voith Sulzer
Paper Technology
North America,
Middletown

local

specially

developed

materials

VSAU – Austell, Georgia

regional

Each VSPT service centre in North Ameri-

Serving the south-eastern United States,

service centre takeca is fully equipped to carry out all types

VSPT’s Austell service centre is withinpart regularly in plan-of repairs and service. This includes roll

three hundred miles of almost 25% of thening meetings withand machine component rebuilds as welltotal US paper and board production

regard to maintenan-as the overhaul and repair of pulp pro-capacity. VSAU is a dependable service

ce, improved avail-cessing and stock preparation line com-

partner to some of the largest mills in theability and produc-

ponents such as feeder screws, convey-

south-east. One example of VSAU’s capa-tion

optimization.

ors, pumps and gear drives. Anotherbilities: an entire 1950’s vintage dryer

This input of experi-

advantage is that service centre person-

section, including 40 dryer cylinders andence and know-how

nel can draw on the worldwide resources

65 felt rolls, was overhauled and modi-

is highly appreciated,of VSPT for additional engineering sup-fied. It was then set up section by section

and it has earned theport, spare parts or specialized manufac-

on the VSAU shop floor before being dis-

VSPT Service Division

turing capabilities. The vast size of the

mantled and shipped in 30 truckloads toa solid reputation asNorth

the customer for installation.

Americancontinent

and

the

56

Fig. 1:VSAU – Austell, Georgia.
Fig. 2:A VSPT service technician installing Sealpak™
sealing strips in a rebuilt suction roll.

1

VSDE – Delta, British Columbia

such as washer drums required by the

Acquired by VSPT in 1990, Tristar Indus-

pulp industry. Tristar has long been rec-tries primarily specializes in serving theognized by its customers as a dependable

pulp industry throughout North America

partner in the pulp industry.

by repairing, rebuilding and reengineering pulp machine components. With its
large-scale facilities, VSDE is one of the

VSMI – Middletown, Ohio

few plants in Western Canada with the

VSMI Middletown is not only world head-machining, cranage and testing capac-

quarters of the VSPT Service Division,ities for refurbishing this type of equip-

but also a trusted service partner for

ment. VSDE also manufactures the largenearly 100 paper mills in the north-east

customized stainless steel components 2

and mid-west of the USA as well as east-Corporate News

57

Fig. 3:
VSDE – Delta, British Columbia.

3

ern Canada. VSMI provides technical

VSPO – Portland, Oregon

Recently, a VSPO customer called late inassistance and support to mills from

Strategically situated in the Pacific North-

the afternoon, having damaged the sur-Maine to Michigan. In January 1996,

west, the Portland service centre pro-face of his Yankee dryer. Repairing this

VSMI shipped a completely refurbishedvides a wide range of services both fordamage required one of VSPO’s largest

Manchester Multiformer headbox to aregional customers and for the Service

tangential grinders, which along with its

customer in the north-east of the USA.

Division worldwide. VSPO is not only aauxiliary equipment had to be transported

The rebuild of this twenty-one year old

service centre, but also divisional devel-on a 45-foot truck. The project engineer

unit included complete dismantling andopment centre for thermal spray coating

who took the call arranged to have thecleaning, remachining and polishing oftechnology. It produces polyurethane andequipment loaded and transported to thethe flow surfaces, manufacturing new

GR™ roll covers for the North American

mill site 200 miles away, met the truck

components where necessary, and restor-

market, and specializes in the repair andwhen it arrived, and started the job

ing the entire unit to as-new condition.

rebuilding of paper machine components.

before handing over to his service techni-

58

Fig. 4:
VSMI – Middletown, Ohio.

4

cians. This rapid response subsequently

machine mills in this area. One of

repaired fit to the manufacturer’s toler-

brought VSPO a valuable contract: to

VSWM’s customers recently had the mis-ances. Less than 24 hours after the origi-

supply all the customer’s Yankee dryer

fortune to destroy a critical 630 mm

nal call, the head was shipped back to therefinishing worldwide.

bearing fit on a suction couch roll. With

customer for installation in the machine.

no spare roll available and the paper

Such rapid, reliable response has earned

VSWM – West Monroe, Louisiana

machine shut down, he called the West

VSWM a long list of loyal customers.

The south-east and south-central regions

Monroe service centre. Three hours laterof the United States together contain overthe customer’s damaged roll head arrived

North America and worldwide –50% of the country’s paper and board

at VSWM. Service technicians machined

twogether for service

production

fully

the bearing fit to prepare it for plasma

In today’s increasingly competitive busi-

equipped to provide state-of-the-art serv-

arc welding, applied a 420SS thermal

ness environment, Voith Sulzer Paper

ice and support for the large multi-

spray coating, and finish-ground theTechnology customers around the world

capacity.

VSWM

is

Corporate News

59

Fig. 5:VSPO – Portland, Oregon.
Fig. 6:VSWM – West Monroe, Louisiana.

5must be able to utilize their asset investments to fullest potential. The VSPT Service Division is a focal point for ensuring
the exploitation of that potential. Our
people, know-how, technology and facilities are integral components of a sustainable partnership with customers bothin North America and worldwide. The
VSPT Service Division stands ready,around the clock, to provide customers
with superior resources for keeping theirasset investments profitable at all times.

6

60

The Netherlands:
Another example of first-class service
Small is beautiful. In contrast to the

Since the VSPT Netherlands service cen-“Pulp and Paper Giant” North America,

tre was founded in 1991, three site exten-

here is another example of VSPT service

sions have been necessary. Particularly

in a much smaller country equally well-

the workshops and machine park had to

known for paper – the Netherlands.

be expanded. This reflects the highHolland’s 30 mills produce about 3 mil-demand for our service team in thelion tonnes of paper and board each year.

Netherlands – which prides itself in being

Moreover, the waste paper recyclingon call around the clock, 365 days per

quota in this country is the highest

year.

worldwide. Together with the associatedOur experienced service technicians anddeinking

naturally

erectors are well-versed in dealing withmakes extremely high demands on stockdifficult situations. This is worth a lot of

requirements,

thistime and money when it comes to fasttroubleshooting. And for them, trouble-

haul of pulpers and screener rotors. In

shooting is not limited to mere fault-

fact this kind of work with the expert wel-fixing but means systematically searchingding required has almost become thefor the real cause of trouble. By linking

main speciality of VSVA. Several hundredcauses and effects, we give our custom-

rotors have already been dismantled,

ers genuine support in problem-solving.

repaired and reinstalled.

The high level of expertise typical of all

North America and the Netherlands – two

VSPT service centres thus represents a

examplesvery worthwhile customer investment.

which could not be more different as far

Half the sales of Voith Sulzer Stock Pre-

as market conditions are concerned. But

paration Nederland B. V. (VSVA) com-they have one very important aspect inprise service activities alone. The othercommon: the VSPT policy of providing

preparation lines. The VSPT Netherlands

50% are made up of machinery andservice to match the high performanceservicethereforesystem sales. Among the most sought-

standards of VSPT machinery wherever

specializes above all in fast on-the-spot

after service activities is the regular over-paper is produced. That is the true

centrein

Vaassenmaintenance and overhaul of stock preparation lines.

of

VSPT

serviceactivities

meaning of “twogether” partnership.

Corporate News

61

Germany:
Dörries, Düren renamed

In order to make it clear that Dörries

andGmbH belongs to the VSPT Group, thepapers and noncarbon copy papers.

transparent

papers,watermarkon one hand the production of small 1
machines for graphical paper, banknote
papers and bonded fibre products, andcompany has now changed its name to
Voith Sulzer Papiermaschinen GmbH,

Joining the Voith Group gave Dörries aon the other hand conversions andDüren. There have been no changes in

new vitality and a solid economic basis.

rebuilds. Another speciality is enhancing

the company management, which is still

The production facilities were extended,

plant reliability and restoring availability

headed by Hermann Orth. We thought the

new shops built and large sums invested– a service for which the Dörries teamchange of name would be a good oppor-

in numerically controlled machine tools,

has long been renowned. Düren is locat-

tunity for us to tell readers something

new developments and machine designs.

ed in western Nordrhein-Westfalen, at theabout this company, located in the tradi-

At the end of 1995, Dörries Düren

heart of the European market region

tional German papermaking centre ofbecame part of the VSPT Graphical Paper

comprising Germany, the Netherlands,

Düren. The firm was originally founded in

Machinery Division. Activities comprise

Belgium, Luxembourg and France. Voith

1885 by Felix Heinrich Banning, Otto Setz
and Christian Seybold. Before the turn ofthe century, it was already supplying
complete machines for producing finegrade papers, writing, printing and packaging papers. In 1932 the company was
taken over by Otto Dörries. In 1966
J.M. Voith GmbH acquired a shareholdingin O. Dörries AG, which at that time was
supplying new or rebuilt machinery to
reputed papermakers for all kinds ofproducts. These included bible paper,
bond and decorative papers, cigarette262

Figs. 1 and 2 (page 61):
Voith Sulzer Papiermaschinen GmbH, Düren –formerly Dörries.
Fig. 3:
Wet section of a fine-grade paper machine3460 mm wide operating at 450 m/min.
Products include bond papers, copying,capacitor and noncarbon papers.
Fig. 4:Situation plan of Düren, the company location.

3

Sulzer Papiermaschinen GmbH, Düren

attention is paid to the important busi-

has 350 employees at the present time,ness sector of small machines in accorKiel

and sales for the current business year
NL

Centre of competence for small
Within the framework of the Heidenheim
centre of competence for small graphicalpaper machines, the Düren plant is
responsible for machines up to 5200 mm
wire width. This ensures that adequate 4

dance with their special features. Contact

Berlinpartners for customers are the familiar

Hamburg
Bremenare estimated at about 100 million DM.

graphical paper machines

Schwerin

B

PL
Hannover
Magdeburg
Düsseldorf
Dresden
Köln
Bonn
Erfurt

Düren
L

CS

Frankfurt

Sulzer Paper Technology. As specialist
for small machines, Voith Sulzer Papiermaschinen GmbH, Düren has access tothe entire know-how of the GraphicalNürnbergFregional field service engineers of Voith

Paper Machinery Division. The papers

Stuttgart
MünchenCH

A

manufactured on machines produced bythis division include the following:Corporate News

63

Fig. 5:Wet-strength bonded fibre plant with Hydroformer 2 for producing single and double layer
teabag papers. The Hydroformer has a closed
headbox, with production speeds exceeding
500 m/min and wire width of 3100 mm.
Fig. 6:
Hermann Orth, Managing Director ofVoith Sulzer Papiermaschinen GmbH, Düren.

I Woody papers such as newsprint or
LWC
I Wood-free papers such as coated anduncoated writings and printings
I Special grades, e.g. noncarbon copying
paper or 1-sided smooth papers, aswell as traditional Düren specialities
such as banknote papers and wetstrength bonded fibre products.
Banknote paper machines
Banknote papers, generally incorporating
highlysophisticatedsecurity

components,

watermarks
are

and

certainly

among the most demanding products inindustrial papermaking. And the requirements on manufacturing technology andmachinery are correspondingly high. Thiskind of machinery has been built in Düren
since the beginning of the twentieth century, and the accumulated know-how
together with ongoing development of thehighestperformance machines in this sector have earned the company a leading
reputation.
Hydroformer for wet-strength
bonded fibre products
Whether for sanitary products, air andliquid filters, teabags or roof tile linings,
wet-strength bonded fibre papers are
gaining ground in all kinds of applications. The heart of the machinery used
for manufacturing these products is theoblique wire hydroformer, on which single or multilayer wetstrength papers areproduced from all kinds of dispergable 6

5fibre of natural, synthetic or mineral origin. Using a highly diluted water-stock
suspension, the resultant bonded fibre
papers are outstandingly homogeneous.
By combining specific layer characteristics, multilayer wet-strength products can
now be developed for completely new
applications, so that the future for such
papers is extremely promising. The Düren
plant has all the latest test facilities forcarrying out development work on new
products and applications, hand in handwith our customers.
The Düren service teamOperating round the clock 51 weeks per

64Fig. 7:
Bonded fibre production test facility.
Manufacturers carry out their trials in close
collaboration with our test engineers.
We guarantee absolute discretion withregard to all tests and findings.

Fig. 9:Project drawing of the wet section for a finegrade paper machine rebuild.
Fig. 10:Consulting services by paper machinery experts:
problems can often be solved at surprisingly
small outlay.

Fig. 8:
Our machining capabilities match theentire range of roll diameters, lengths,
materials, surface finishes and weights.
The Düren machine park can service thesmallest and largest rolls existing.

Fig. 11:
Final inspection of a remachined calender roll
after polishing.

year, with only one week set aside foroverhaul and repairs, machinery in thepaper industry has to be on the go practically nonstop. But this can only happen if
all day-to-day maintenance and servicing
work is carried out rigorously, and if all
spare parts are delivered straight away
for immediate installation. The Düren service team makes sure of this by standingin constant readiness for fast and dependable support, through field technicians in continuous touch with custom-

7

ers. Düren services include:
I Erection and installation exclusively by
experienced fitters, hydraulics andpneumatics specialists, welders andmetalworkers.
I Supply and repair of all kinds of rolls
and cylinders up to 2500 mm diameterand 11 m long, with weights up to
60 tonnes and surface finishes down
to 0.05 Hm.
I Workpiece machining up to 2200 mm
811

dia and 12 m long; boring up to 1040
mm dia and 6 m long.
I Complete overhauls of suction couchrolls, with automatic sleeve boring on
multiple 240-spindle machines.
I Dynamic balancing of workpieces up to
60 tonnes, at several levels.
I Surface treatment including blasting,glass-beading, varnishing and plasma
spray coating.
I Running-in and optimization of production plant machinery.
I Training of customers’ operating per-9sonnel.

Corporate News

65

Germany:
The Ravensburg Stock Preparation Division’s
new test plant for machinery development

2

In March 1996 the Stock Preparation

machinery and systems under operating

ous touch with their US colleagues at theDivision in Ravensburg had every reason

conditions. Improvements have likewise

VSPT stock preparation technology cen-for celebrating – the R&D centre inaugu-

been made to the system test plant itself,tre in Appleton, Wisconsin.

rated its new test facility for machinery

including the installation of a Kneading-development.

Disperger parallel to the Disk Disperger.

This new facility enables all the extensive

As a result, technological effects fromtesting work required for developing

both disperging principles can now be

more efficient machinery and subsystems

compared directly. Another example isin waste paper and virgin stock prepara-

the installation of a Deltapurge, incorpo-

tion. It aIso allows more comprehensive

rating the latest technology in loopwater

prototype testing under conditions close

clarification.

to mill production.

This multimillion DM investment in stock

Complemented by this new facility, thepreparation test facilities underlines theexisting test plant for system develop-

importance attached by VSPT to thement can now be used to a much larger

intensive development of machinery andextent for the development of waste

systems and their thorough testing. The

paper systems which get more and more

Stock Preparation Division’s R&D teamcomplex. In particular, the 40 or 50 cus-

now firmly established in Ravensburg is

tomer tests carried out on behalf of thealready working on new and improved

paper industry each year – mainly systemproducts for screening, flotation, bleach-tests – can now be extended still further.

ing, disperging and washing. And it goes

Or for example, greater use can be madewithout saying that international experi-of the system test centre to train custom-ence interchange is exploited to theer personnel on VSPT stock preparation

full – the team members are in continu-

1Fig. 1:
The new test facility for machinery development
was inaugurated by Lothar Pfalzer, Managing
Director of Voith Sulzer Stock Preparation.
Fig. 2:The new test plant for machinery developmentin Ravensburg.
Fig. 3:
The Disperger and Kneading-Disperger in the test
plant for system development.

3

66

Patents –a mirror of innovations
In recent years a good many advances
have been made in paper technology, andone of the results is significantly higher
plant performance. Both operating
speeds and the quality of the paper grades have been substantially improved,
thus enhancing plant profitability at thesame time. Voith Sulzer Paper Technology plays a decisive role in this development, and is now market leader withnumerous innovations. In order to consolidate and expand this lead, intensive
research and development is indispensable, also entailing substantial investments. Consequently, the fruits of theselabours – our breakthroughs with new
findings and processes – must be well

Extracts from the C-bar screener
basket patent specification.

protected. Special importance is therefore attached by VSPT to corporate
patents. This is shown by the number ofpatents granted, which also reflects ourhigh degree of innovation and development.
A considerable number of these patents
were applied for after the founding of our
joint venture, which concentrated the entire paper technology activities of Voith
and Sulzer. The development potential
thus unleashed brought an unprecedented flow of innovation and ingenuity. This
fully upholds the VSPT pioneering policy– of setting worldwide trends in technology and progress.

Voith Sulzer Paper Technology
patent statistics
1. Number of existing
patent families

1,397

2. Total number of existing
patents (including abroad)

5,030

3. Number of patent applications
since VSPT was foundedon October 1, 1994

221

4. Total number of new patents
since October 1, 1994
(including abroad)713

Paper – Art – Fashion

67

PAPER – ART – FASHION
Do you know what IAPMA stands for? Well, although we consider anything to
do with the manufacture of paper, even in its broadest sense, as being part ofour profession, we must admit that the International Association of Hand Paper
Makers and Paper Artists (IAPMA) was not a name known to us until recently.
A report on German television concerning an exhibition at the Baden State
Museum – “Paper – Art – Fashion, Paper Clothes”, introduced us to this international group of artists and the influence it exerts. The exhibition in Karlsruhe was to a great extent dependent on contributions from these same artists.

68

A permanent spot in our “twogether”

rhymes began to make the rounds. Backmagazine has been reserved for the topic

in the “Golden Twenties”, declared a pop-of art, culture and history in connection

ular song, “I swear our officers in France,with paper. Below, we take a short trip

were wearing paper underpants”.

round the exhibits which were on show
between January 20th and April 21st,

Looking back, paper wasn’t always used

1996. Thanks to the friendly help andonly as an emergency material. Paper

support of the museum’s director and thecollars, shirt cuffs and tuckers – fabric

IAPMA, we were able to reproduce pho-bonded to ensure that they were long-

tos and text taken from the catalogue

lasting – were in general use as long ago

accompanying the Baden State Museum’s

as the middle of the nineteenth century.

exhibition. We have also learned that theBut paper clothing and paper undergar-

IAPMA is planning future actions andments was never able to shake off the

publications in the same vein. Next on

stigma of being an emergency solution,

their list is a topic called “Paper Money”.

or even a sign of financial straits. Paper,

Perhaps this report will encourage someas a working material, failed to captureof our readers to get in touch with thisthe imagination. Only those who couldn’t

art association. Paper and the interpreta-

afford anything better turned to paper,

tive arts belong together. In the past theyfor example, poor old Gepetto who madehad a rich common bond and the future

Pinocchio a fine suit out of floral-pat-will surely wish to see this continue.

terned paper.

“The use of paper as a material for mak-What was it about paper that so fascinat-

ing clothes has enabled an entire fashion

ed artists? In spite of everything, theywould sometimes use it as an atypicalindustry to appear out of the blue, as itwere. The astounding results achieved by

2

basic material for clothing creations
which, occasionally, could actually bethis new material give the lie to its origins. We’re wrapped up in paper and float

Fig. 1 (Page 67) and Fig. 2:

worn. On the one hand, it was probably

off into the spring as little surprise pack-A kimono from Ann Schmidt-Christen-

the recollection of historical forms ofages...”. Flowery language such as thissen’s and Grethe Wittrock’s Papermoon

usage; on the other, the singular aesthet-

had been used previously to try and con-project (Copenhagen, Denmark, 1995).

ic power possessed by this unusual

vince the population that paper was an

Woven material from Japanese papermaterial. The latter has assured it of aadequate substitute for the shortage of

thread with fine ramie fibre, pleated.

special place in contemporary art.

textile raw materials during the First“The Papermoon project is an experi-

World War. However, even the mostment in clothing design. It seeks out new

Whereas the role of paper clothing in

determined words of praise couldn’t dis-

ways in form and function, but also in

European fashion has been rather secon-

guise its surrogate character. Ironic

the aesthetic and technological areas”.

dary, in China – the country where paperPaper – Art – Fashion

69

Fig. 3:Poupée de papier by Carole Baillargeon,
Quebec, Canada, 1995. Used tea bags,
sisal, copper wire and acrylics. On loan
from the Scheuffelen paper company’s
Museum for Paper and Book Art in
Lenningen, Germany.
originated – it has an entirely different
significance. As far back as the ninth
century, magnificent gowns and decorative accessories made out of paper were
worn for special occasions and various
ceremonies at the Mandarins’ courts.
Japan too had paper clothing and miscellaneous

ornamental

trimmings

madefrom this material, at a very early stage.
The main raw material used by bothcountries was the bark of a certain mulberry tree. An especially thin but particularly tough paper could be made fromthis bark. Today, the Far-East paper-making art dates back more or less successfully to this traditional paper processing
method. Its products, in the form of jewellery boxes, umbrellas and lanterns, are
known everywhere and have been an
inspiration to people all over the world.
During the sixties, well-known artists
began to use this material differently.
Whereas up till then it had only had adecorative function, it slowly assumed an
influential role in their work. Light,
indeed even water and air, were rediscovered as a means of expression. Common

3

70

Fig. 4:Gift wrap, dress and shoes by Susan C.
Cutts, London, Great Britain, 1994.
Abaca fibre paper. “To be able to work
as a paper artist, is at the same time
invigorating and frustrating. But, it isalso a passion, in which I invest all mystrength by using my own creative
energy as the basis for exploring thematerial…
My sculptures are made from hand-made,hand-coloured paper – without using glueor supports for the finished item”.
materials such as paper, wood, glass,ceramics and metals were apportioned
tangible qualities of their own. Paper art
shared in this new trend. and the rebirthof old creative skills was a decisive factor. Influential artists in the USA such as
RobertRauschenberg,

JasperJohns,

Claes Oldenburg and others started working with this new medium and exploring
its expressive possibilities. Europe, on
the other hand, maintained the dominantartistic technique of cutting, folding andgluing industrially manufactured paper –leaning heavily on collages such as
Picasso’s “Guitar” from 1912, or art
school teaching methods as developed by
the Bauhaus in the nineteen-twenties. The
variousstreams

in

paper

art

were

brought together for the first time in1981 in an exhibition at the LeopoldHoesch Museum in Düren, where thePaper Art Biennale has been held since
1986.

4

Paper – Art – Fashion

71

Fig. 5:
Kimono by Viviane Fontaine, Charmey,
Switzerland, 1989. Gampi paper, maple
leaves inscribed as follows, “Paper, afragile aid to memory which, in the handsof a female artist, is transformed into
painting and sculpture; it takes onanother dimension in order to express
feelings, no longer assuming a communicative role but a more central one.”
Artistic confrontation with paper clothinghas given rise to interesting creative
stimuli in costume and fancy dress. Oskar Schlemmer noted in 1928 in his Theory of Dance and Costume: “If even thesmall, daily objects and attributes adorning a person alter him and his mannerisms, beginning with cigarettes, ties,
fashion and hats, then how much more
would a costume do this – the very manifestation of change in the form of fabric”.
Time and time again ballet, opera andtheatre performances have been attempted in experimental paper costumes, withthe aim of lending the production a
special expressive quality. These exceptional productions, enhanced by the useof paper as an exceptional material,acquired an ambivalence which stage andcostume designers found particularly
stimulating.
It is noticeable that the artists represented in Paper – Art – Fashion are mainly
female. The majority of exhibits, of which
we can only cover a small cross-section,

5

72

were created by them. Is this a negative

Fig. 6:

reaction to male dominance of haute cou-

Paper dress by Petra Landsknecht,

ture? There is no satisfying conclusion to

Pfinztal, Germany, 1989. Coloured paper

this question. It is surely much more pro-(combed marble) waxed, formed, sewed

bable that intensive exploration of one’s

on to fabric. “Paper has character. Its

own self by means of tactile materials, toliving features are so multifaceted thatwhich paper undoubtedly belongs, is theit is a pity to use them only to convey

main reason for the predominantly female

information and images. The crackling of

preoccupation with the exhibition topic.

paper awakens curiosity, holds secrets,
makes promises. ...Paper is a sensual

Today, paper is primarily used as anexperience...”.

information carrier. Our lives, our decision-making processes are governed by
the priority we give to what we see. The
huge significance which we have attachedto the sense of sight has to some degree
tended to weaken the other senses ofsmell, touch and feel. When handling
paper, however, it is these other senses
that are called upon. The quality of varying types of paper cannot be ascertained
purely by visual examination, indeed theoptical impression barely suffices to penetrate the paper’s surface. In order todiscern all the possibilities and realise
them creatively, paper must literally be“grasped”, shaped and felt. This too is
probably one of the main reasons why
artists using paper as a means of expression are mainly female. Paper art as awhole, by providing its medium with a far
more encompassing role to play thanmerely that of a background for words
and pictures, has helped to open up new
perspectives for the discovery and use of
the possibilities which this traditional
material affords.

6

Paper – Art – Fashion

73

Fig. 7:

Fig. 10 (back cover):Paper necklace by Nel Linssen, Nijmegen,Poncho by Astrid Zwanzig, Halle,

Netherlands, 1995. “My work is based onGermany, 1995. Paper, glued and sewed.

a mathematical viewpoint. Inspired by

The artist is lecturer in Cutting Design at

the rhythm and structure of nature, I’m

the College of Art and Design in Halle.

searching for logical structure. Alongwith flexibility, the forms mostly containa playful element. For me, using paper
for my jewellery is a self-evident thing.”

7

Fig. 8:Clip-on jewellery by Janna Syvänoja,
Helsinki, Finland, 1991. Newspaper.
For some years now the artist has beencreating paper art based on an ecologicalrecycling concept. The materials she
uses are old newspapers, telephone
directories and roofing board.
Fig. 9:Red under-arm handbag by Maria Verburg, Zusmarshausen, Germany, 1995.
Wrapping paper, hand printing paper,
shirting, Velcro tape. “Paper handbags
are fun. Paper and cardboard are the8most unsuitable materials for receptacles
that, depending upon the occasion andneeds, have to be comfortable, smooth,

IAPMA.
International Association of Hand Paper Makers
and Paper Artists. Founded in 1986. Currently
400 members from 40 countries.
More information can be obtained through:
IAPMA Secretariat
Sarah Comfort
President Kennedylaan 150
2343 GV Oegstgeest
Netherlands
Tel. / Fax: +31 71 515 64 18
Paper – Art – Fashion
Exhibition at the Baden State Museum in
Karlsruhe
January 20th to April 21st, 1996
Compiled by Peter Schmidt
Exhibition catalogue ISBN 3-923 132-51-4

long-lasting and discreet but elegant.”

Text and photographs in this article have been
reproduced from the Baden State Museum’s
Exhibition Catalogue and the IAPMA bulletinwith kind permission.

9

Photographs: Gudmundsen-Holmgreen, Meister,Landsknecht, Bliek, Goldschmidt, Löffler, Petsch.

Published by:Voith Sulzer Papiertechnik GmbH
Editor:Dr. W. Möhle, Corporate Marketing,
Voith Sulzer Papiertechnik GmbH,
P.O. Box 1970, D-89509 Heidenheim
Tel. (++49) 73 21 37 64 05
Fax (++49) 73 21 37 77 88

Paper Technology Journal

Editorial coordinator:
Manfred Schindler, D-73434 Aalen

Newsmagazine for theinternational clientele,
partners and friends of

Design, layout and typesetting:
MSW, P.O. Box 1243, D-73402 Aalen
Copyright 6/96:
No part of this publication may be
reproduced or copied by any means
whatsoever without the express permissionof the editor.

6/96/12 SDZ. Printed on chlorine-free bleached paper manufactured with Voith Sulzer Paper Technology machinery.

"twogether" is published twice annuallyin German and English. Contributions by
independent authors do not necessarilyreflect the opinion of the publisher.
Please address all correspondence andinquiries to the editor.