1. Outline of the ProjectCountry：Malaysia

Summary of Terminal Evaluation

Project Title ： Programme for Bornean Biodiversity andEcosystems Conservation (BBEC) Phase 2
Issue/Sector： Conservation of Biodiversity
Cooperation scheme：Technical Cooperation
Division in Charge ： Forestry and Nature Total Cost (at the time of evaluation)：445,584,000 yen
Conservation Division 1, Forestry and Nature
Conservation Group, Global Environment
Department
Periodof (R/D)：
Partner Country's Implementing Organization：Sabah state
Cooperation
October 1, 2007 - September 30, agencies (NRO, SaBC, SP, SWD, SFD, etc.), Universiti
2012
Malaysia Sabah (UMS), etc.
(Extension)：None
Supporting Organization in Japan ： Ministry of theEnvironment(F/U)：None
Related Cooperation：
1-1 Background of the Project
Globally-recognized diverse ecosystems and biota are found in Borneo Island where Sabah State,
Malaysia is located, including Mt. Kinabalu that is the highest peak in Southeast Asia, lowland tropicalforests where Asian elephants inhabit, and mangrove forests in brackish waters. Tropical forests in Borneo
have been decreased rapidly by timber harvesting and plantation development, however, and endangered
species have increased along with the decrease in forests in recent years.
The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) received a request from Malaysia for technicalcooperation in consolidating systems and methods for biodiversity and ecosystem conservation activities anddeveloping human resources in Sabah State, and carried out the “Bornean Biodiversity and Ecosystems
Conservation Programme (Phase 1)” from February 2002 to January 2007 for the purpose of biodiversity
conservation in Sabah State with a focus on terrestrial ecosystems of tropical rainforests and mangrove
forests. Specifically, the program was comprised of four components (research and education, park
management, wildlife habitat management, and environmental awareness building). The strengthening ofmonitoring systems, the integration of capacities of related organizations, and the public disclosure of
program progresses and achievements, etc. were carried out as common activities to the entire program with avariety of their outcomes.
In response to the recommendation “A proposed system of biodiversity and ecosystem conservation
should be mapped out for offering a proposal to the Sabah Government,” which was made by the Phase 1
Terminal Evaluation Team organized in September 2006, the program team and related organizations
entertained it, and submitted a proposal to the Sabah State Government Secretary, saying “Conservation of
biodiversity in the whole Sabah State should be carried out mainly by the ‘Sabah Biodiversity Council (SBC)and Sabah Biodiversity Centre (SaBC)’ that are stipulated in the Sabah Biodiversity Enactment which wasenacted in 2000.” After that the Sabah State Government officially nominated members of the Biodiversity
Council, installed SaBC Planning Office, and then requested technical cooperation based on results of theevaluation study at the end of Phase 1 from the Government of Japan.
Consequently, JICA conducted preliminary studies in November 2006 and March 2007 and an
implementation consultation study in September 2007, making an agreement with the Malaysian side oncontents of cooperation as the “Bornean Biodiversity and Ecosystems Conservation Programme (Phase 2)” in
the Record of Discussions (R/D) and then signing and exchanging it (11 September 2007). The program wasinaugurated on 1 October 2007, and its mid-term review was conducted in November 2009.
1-2 The Project Overview
This program was implemented to strengthen the administrative system and the governance forbiodiversity and ecosystem conservation in Sabah State of Malaysia as its target with related organizations
therein [Natural Resources Office (NRO), SaBC, Sabah Parks (SPs), Sabah Wildlife Department (SWD),
Sabah Forestry Department (SFD), the Environmental Protection Department (EPD), and the Institute forTropical Biology and Conservation (ITBC) of the University of Sabah Malaysia (UMS), etc.] as counterpart(C/P) agencies for five years from October 2007 to September 2012 as a program period. Site activities suchas pilot activities were carried out at three locations as target sites: the Crocker Range Park, the Lower
Kinabatangan-Segama Wetlands (LKSW), and the Lower Segama Wildlife Conservation Area (LSWCA).

－i－(1) Overall Goal
Biodiversity and ecosystem conservation in Sabah is Strengthened and internationally recognized.
(2)Programme Purpose
A system for biodiversity and ecosystem conservation in Sabah is strengthened and Sabah state becomescapable of extending knowledge and skills on biodiversity conservation to other states of Malaysia and foreigncountries.
(3)The Outputs
1．The capacity of the Sabah State to plan, coordinate and promote biodiversity and ecosystem conservation
activities is strengthened.
2．The capacity of Sabah state agencies and UMS to implement biodiversity and ecosystem conservation
activities for protected areas such as state parks, wildlife conservation areas, and forest reserves isenhanced.
2-1. The capacity of the Sabah Parks and relevant parties to implement biodiversity and ecosystemconservation activities for state parks is enhanced through managing the Crocker Range Park.
2-2. The capacity of the Sabah Wildlife Department and relevant pai1ies to implement biodiversity andecosystem conservation activities for wildlife conservation areas is further enhanced throughmanaging the Lower Segama Wildlife Conservation Area.
2-3. The capacity of the Sabah Forestry Department and relevant parties to implement biodiversity andecosystem conservation activities for forest reserves is further enhanced through managing the Riverbasin of Kinabatangan and Segama Rivers.
3．The capacity of Sabah state agencies and UMS to provide training on biodiversity and ecosystemconservation is enhanced.
(4) Input (at the time of evaluation) * Calculated at the rate on 31 March 2012: 1RM=27.0950 yen
Japanese side：Total Cost: 445,584,000 yen
Long-term experts 6 persons
Equipment Provided 13.96 million yen (515,255.56RM)
Short-term experts 9 persons
Local Cost Borne 116,145,000 yen（4,286,587.01RM）
Training Courses 84 persons, etc.
Malaysian side：
C/P 71 persons
Land, Facility and Project Office.
The supplementary Fund provision to the Third Country Training Programme (TCTP), travel support
and allowance for the counterpart personnel, etc.
2. Evaluation Team
Members Japanese members
NameField of Evaluation
Position and Organization
Shuichi IKEDA Team Leader
Deputy Director General, and Group
Director for Forestry and Nature
Conservation, Global Environment
Department, JICA
Tetsuo KAJI
CBD/ Ramsar Convention/
Director (non-regular staff), Natural Parks
Resource Mobilization
Foundation
Strategy
MasaakiProtected Area Management
Visiting Senior Advisor, JICA
YONEDA
KotaroCooperation Planning/
Deputy Director, Forestry and Nature
TANIGUCHI
Multilateral Framework
Conservation
Division1,
GlobalCollaboration
Environment Department, JICA
Shinichiro
Evaluation Analysis
Environmental Science & Engineering
TSUJI
Department,
Overseas
Consulting
Administration, Nippon Koei Co., Ltd.
Malaysian members
Name
Position and Organization
Ms. Zarina Ali Merican
Deputy Director, Environment and Natural Resource
Section, Economic Planning Unit
Mr. Sivaneswaran RamachadranPrincipal Assistant Director, International Cooperation
Section, Economic Planning Unit

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Ms. Chitra Subramaniam
Mr. Aiyub Omar

Principal Assistant Secretary, Biodiversity and Forestry
Management Division, Ministry of Natural Resources
and Environment
Principal Assistant Secretary, Malaysian TechnicalCooperation Programme, Policy and Strategy Planning
Division, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Type of Evaluation：Terminal Evaluation

Period of
6 May 2012 – 26 May 2012
Evaluation
3. Result of Evaluation
3-1 Results of Achievements
Both of the output goals and the program purposes are expected to be achieved.

Output 1: Achieved.
Indicator 1-1 Office of SaBC is established, and its organizational structure is proposed.
Indicator 1-2 A strategic plan of SaBC is drawn out.
Indicator 1-3 Members of SaBC who are responsible for activities related to BBEC 2 are trained.
Indicator 1-4 SaBC is appointed as state focal point for international initiatives.
Indicator 1-5 SaBC chairs at least 2 inter-agency working groups.
Indicator 1-6 Biodiversity information and management system is established.
Indicator 1-7 EE policy and its monitoring mechanism are established.
SaBC office was established as planned, and then the Sabah Biodiversity Strategy (draft) was
prepared. It was verified that capabilities of staff had been improved at SaBC office through the training
conducted by the program.
In addition, the program helped establish the system and the norm of collaboration among
concerned fields, including the foundation of a coordination-type advisory body across boundaries ofcompetent authorities in each field in order to execute the complex biodiversity-related administrationand the newly established SaBC that were appointed as the state-level focal point concerned with theRamsar Convention and the “Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme” of United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Moreover, SaBC came to play a coordination role as
the chair in putting together various committees related to biodiversity in which a number of state
government agencies joined. Currently, database development is being advanced for a clearing housemechanism in regard to a biodiversity information management system, and monitoring ofenvironmental education policy is being conducted by members of the Sabah Environmental Education
Network (SEEN) after the cabinet approval with regard to the Sabah Environmental Education Policy(SEEP). Sabah State is being recognized internationally as a center for biodiversity conservation
through sponsorship of and participation in numerous international conferences during the period of the
program. Therefore, it can be determined that Output 1 was “achieved.”
Output 2: Expected to be achieved.
2-1: Expected to be achieved.
Indicator 2-1-1 CUZ1 Eligibility Criteria is developed.
Indicator 2-1-2 At least 1 MOU2 on CUZ is signed between local community and SPs.
Indicator 2-1-3 Crocker Range Park is proposed officially as Man and Biosphere site.
Indicator 2-1-4 At least 3 studies relevant to management of Crocker Range Park is conducted.
Indicator 2-1-5 Seminars and workshops on studies in Crocker Range Park are held at least 3 times.
Indicator 2-1-6 At least 3 environmental education materials on Man and Biosphere are developed.
2-2: Expected to be achieved.
Indicator 2-2-1 Lower Segama Wildlife Conservation Area is gazetted.
Indicator 2-2-2 Management plan of Lower Segama Wildlife Conservation Area is developed.
Indicator 2-2-3 Rules and regulations to manage riparian reserve within wildlife conservation area in an
integrated manner are developed.
2-3: Expected to be achieved.
Indicator 2-3-1 Whole or selected areas in river basin of Kinabatangan and Segama Rivers is proposed
officially as Ramsar site(s).
Indicator 2-3-2 Management Plan for Lower Kinabatangan-Segama Wetlands is developed.
Indicator 2-3-3 At least 5 studies relevant to the management of Lower Kinabatangan-Segama Wetlands
1
2

Community Use Zone
Memorandum of Understanding－ iii －

are conducted.
Indicator 2-3-4 At least 5 environmental education materials are developed.
Indicator 2-3-5 At least 2 permanent exhibitions on Ramsar are established.
Indicator 2-3-6 At least 3 events on Ramsar are conducted.
Qualification criteria was formulated for CUZ and CUZ management council that would take theplace of MoU signing was established in the Crocker Range Park, where a procedure for preparing andsubmitting the application form for the Biosphere Reserve (BR) registration to MAB Programme of
UNESCO has reached the final stage. Studies on the management of the Crocker Range Park (6 cases)
as well as seminars and workshops (6 events) were also carried out, and environmental educationmaterials related to MAB Programme (5 items) have also been developed. In addition, policy aspects
were also strengthened such as a community-based protected area management policy relating to CUZ(Indicator 2-1). The establishment of LSWCA and the preparation of a management plan (draft) havealso been carried out as planned, and the special law on riverbank protection in LSWCA (draft) is underdetailed examination by the Legal Affairs Bureau (Indicator 2-2). The lower Kinabatangan-Segama
basin became the area designated under the Ramsar Convention, and thus a management plan was
elaborated and the implementation of related surveys (11 cases) and the preparation of environmental
education materials (5 items) were also accomplished for this area. Two sites were also secured for thepermanent exhibition regarding the Ramsar Convention, and events were also carried out on the Ramsar
Convention (5 events). Leveraging these international frameworks (UNESCO’s MAB Programme,
Ramsar Convention), conservation was expanded to the buffer zones of the protected areas, and theprotected area network was strengthened through elaborating the management plan. Therefore, it can be
determined that Output 2 is “expected to be achieved.”
Output 3: Achieved.
Indicator 3-1 At least 3 training courses are successfully completed.
Indicator 3-2 At least 48 trainees complete training course.
Indicator 3-3 Percentage of trainees who are satisfied with overall content of training course is at least
75%.
Indicator 3-4 Percentage of trainers who feel that they had properly conveyed the desired knowledge andskills for their training session is at least 90 %.
Third-country training was carried out three times, in which a total of 55 persons participated from
16 countries. In addition, 87% of the participants evaluated the training as satisfactory or more, and allof them evaluated that its lecturers “held lectures properly.” Personnel responsible for policies andsystems were trained in relevant ministries and agencies such as NRO, SPs, SWD, SFD, and SaBC, andall of the indicators were satisfied on the strengthening of C/P’s capacities for conducting the training
on biodiversity (Output 3). Therefore, it can be determined that Output 3 “was achieved.”
The Programme purpose: Expected to be achieved.
Indicator 1. Biodiversity related issues in Sabah Conservation Strategy are updated.
Indicator 2. At least 2 sites are registered under international initiatives on biodiversity conservation.
It is scheduled that the portion related to biodiversity in the Sabah Conservation Strategy which
was formulated in 1992 will be updated and prepared as the Sabah Biodiversity Conservation Strategy
three months before the end of the program (June 2012). In addition, LKSW is currently designated as
the wetland registered under the Ramsar Convention (October 2008), while it is planned that theapplication for BR registration will be made for the Crocker Range Park. It is believed that thestrengthening of the “conservation system” as one of the program purposes is “expected to be achieved”
in overall considerations, seeing that its important elements have been enhanced as described above.
The other one of the two program purposes is that Sabah State acquires capabilities of playing acentral, hub-like role in the field of biodiversity conservation, domestically and internationally.
Participation in and hosting of events were performed during the period of the program, including avariety of research activities and international conferences, in which information was disseminated onefforts in Sabah and an international network of practitioners and researchers was expanded. It suggeststhat Sabah State began to play a central role in the field of biodiversity at the international level in viewof these achievements.
3-2 Summary of Evaluation Results(1) RelevanceThe relevance of this program was extremely high. Support for environmental conservation is highly－ iv －

consistent with the aid policy of the Government of Japan, and the support for biodiversity conservation in
Malaysia is positioned as a priority matter in the JICA’s Country Analysis Paper as well. The importance ofenvironmental conservation is also emphasized to balance the economic growth in the 10th Five-Year Plan
in Malaysia. Both Japan and Malaysia have an international duty towards biodiversity conservation as
having ratified the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), and moreover its importance has increased
particularly in Japan since the Conference of the Parties (COP10) on CBD was hosted in Nagoya in 2010.
Approaches of this program that focuses mainly on the strengthening of policies, institutions, and systems
related to biodiversity conservation meet the needs of Sabah State.
(2) Effectiveness
As it was described in the above “Verification of Performances,” it is expected that the program
purposes will be achieved while related indicators are also satisfied nearly completely, and thus theeffectiveness of the program is high.
(3) Efficiency
The program efficiency was somewhat high. Many of the expected results were achieved, since
many C/P agencies bore costs in implementing program activities while experts, materials and equipment,
local costs, outcomes of training programs in Japan, performances of Phase I and others were leveraged
effectively. On the other hand, it was also recognized that a great deal of time, efforts, and funds wererequired for the institutionalization of CUZ within the park, the official approval of LSWCA, and the
preparatory work for the full-scale start-up of Communication, Education, Participation and Awareness(CEPA) activities.
(4) Impact
The program has a high positive impact. A long period is required until a change emerges inbiodiversity or ecosystems, its measurement method is complex, and then it is difficult to evaluate theprogram by separating impacts arising from it. Therefore, the achievement of the overall goal is expected
but its possibility could not be concluded quantitatively, whereas it was found that ripple effects of the
program emerged at various places when qualitative impacts tried to be ferreted out as case examples.
For example, preparations are advanced to establish a new wildlife sanctuary by taking advantage oflessons from the program, and the construction of a base camp is also progressing by making use of thestate budget in order to enhance the guard of, the study of, and the dissemination of information on the sitethat was designated as the Ramsar area. It is observed that a similar environmental education policy also
tries to be elaborated in the neighboring Sarawak State through replicating the state-level “environmental
education policy” that was prepared in Sabah State, and specific movements become apparent fordeveloping program outcomes mainly through SEEN that is comprised of related agencies and NGOs
within the state as well. Changes were acknowledged in the awareness and attitudes of the personnel
concerned with the program, particularly those of the officers going out in the field for conservation during
interviews and site visits, in which their positive approaches could be observed for performing dialogues
with communities and horizontal collaboration across functional boundaries of government agencies. The
network of Sabah State and international researchers has been further expanded through participation inthird-country training and international events, from which specific international research programs arealso being planned. Many visitors made a visit to this program from Japan, which resulted in augmenting
the mobilization of funds from Japan for biodiversity conservation in Sabah and has also contributed to
improving Japanese people’s awareness. No large negative impacts were found.
(5) Sustainability
The program sustainability was high. This program originally aimed to strengthen institutions,systems and capacities for conservation, and the securing of its sustainability was considered from thestage of its planning. Coordination-type advisory bodies were set up among various competent authorities
through the program, which have been operated with autonomy. As described above, policy andinstitutional aspects have also been consolidated, and capabilities of related officers were improved to thelevel at which they could be maintained and developed on their own account through their participation intraining programs in Japan and their hosting of various events as well as the daily guidance by experts. It
will be necessary to make a commitment to mobilizing public funds and seek innovative ways of funding
in order to raise a huge amount of funds required for conservation activities in the future.

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3-3 Factors Affected Positively to the project(1) Factors concerning the content of planning: None particularly.
(2) Factors concerning the implementation process：There were no adverse effects on the program efficiency due to the lack of funds, becauseinternational and local concerns increased toward the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity,
benefit sharing and other issues through CBD, etc., which has increased the potentiality of funding fromother sources outside the program, and also that the financial capacity of the Sabah State Government in
Malaysia was relatively high.
3-4 Factors Affected negatively to the Project(1) Factors concerning the planning(2) Factors concerning the implementation process
3-5 Conclusions
The program purpose “A system for biodiversity and ecosystem conservation in Sabah is strengthened
and Sabah state becomes capable of extending knowledge and skills on biodiversity conservation to otherstates of Malaysia and foreign countries” is expected to be achieved by the end of the program, and thus itwill be completed at the end of September 2012 as planned originally.
3-6 Recommendations (Specific measures, suggestions, and advice relating to the project)【General】
 As in the case of Costa Rica in Latin America, Sabah State should continue conservation activities that it
has addressed through innovative approaches of the program until it gets the recognition as a “model forbiodiversity conservation in Asia.”【Sabah Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan】
 SaBC should make coordination among related government agencies in Sabah State in order to monitor the
implementation of the biodiversity conservation strategy under the guidance of the Sabah Biodiversity
Council in collaboration with NRO. The Government of Sabah State is required to make budgetarymeasures and staffing necessary to implement the strategy.
 Perspectives and activities of the green economy and economic growth should be further incorporated in
the discussions relating to biodiversity conservation in Sabah State.
【Resource Mobilization】
 Funds should be secured from the Global Environment Facility (GEF), the federal government, the state
governments, etc. for allocation to activities of poverty alleviation, rural development, agriculturaldevelopment and others (especially in buffer zones of protected areas) that are required to mitigate thepressure on biodiversity.
【SaBC】
 The Center should formulate and publicize mid-term and long-term plans related to services under thejurisdiction in order to help concerned parties deepen their understanding of its functions.
 The institutional framework of the Center should be further strengthened (particularly on its positioning in
the entire administrative system and the clarification of its administrative system with NRO).
【CRBR/ CUZ/ MAB】
 SPs should patiently continue dialogues with inhabitants who live inside the park, and institutionalize aframework and a standard operating procedure for CUZ.
 SPs should submit its final version of application form to UNESCO before the final deadline in 2012, after
completing its revision for registration into UNESCO’s BR at an early date with the support of SaBC. SPs
are required to lead MAB Management Committee and formulate and implement a management plan for
the area designated as BR with the support of NRO, SaBC, local governments, etc. In addition, SPs and
SaBC also ought to continue and promote activities of environmental education and awareness building in
BR.
【LKSW/Ramsar Area】
 The Forestry Department and NRO should lead management committees of the registered wetland (corearea) and its buffer zone, respectively, while SaBC should coordinate both committees to achieve activities
of conservation and sustainable use as in the formulated management plan. SaBC has to propose aguideline for elaborating an annual plan on the management of the Ramsar wetlands and its buffer zone in
consultation with NRO.
 Efforts should be made for both committees to encourage the involvement of major contaminant emitters(palm oil industry, etc.) and operators of economic activities (tourist agents, fishery households, etc.), while－ vi －

the Department of Environment (federal government), the Sabah Environmental Protection Department,
and the University of Malaysia Sabah should cooperate with each other to conduct long-term and regularwater quality monitoring along the Kinabatangan-Segama River.
 The base camp that the Forestry Department is constructing should be utilized for research, environmental
education, and tourism carried out by other agencies in addition to conservation and patrolling services.
 The Sabah Tourism Board, hotel service providers, travel agencies, schools, etc. should be involved inenvironmental-education and awareness-raising activities in the Ramsar wetlands and surrounding river
basins, and it is imperative to utilize the professional expertise of the Ramsar Convention Secretariat for
appropriate management and promotion of the registered wetlands.
【SEEP/ Environmental Education】
 The Environmental Protection Department needs to compile the status of implementing its environmental
education policy into a monitoring report by the beginning of 2013 for submission to the appropriate
authority. Policy makers have to make essential decisions in response to the recommendations described in
the report, and concerned authorities are required to implement them.
【LSWCA】
SWD should promote the approval of regulations on riparian protected areas within LSWCA and completea management plan at an early date. In addition, it is desirable to expand the honorable wildlife
management officer system.
【Knowledge Sharing】
 ITBC is required to set up a task force that is engaged in the revision and development of curricula andteaching materials for the next third-country training. ITBC and NRO/SaBC are assumed to co-chair thistask force.
 NRO/SaBC should further build up the collaboration with ITBC in order to strengthen the involvement ofgovernment agencies in Sabah State for the third-country training, and estimate necessary expenses
including those required for the involvement of the state government.
 The State Government of Sabah should plan to share its expertise with other states within the country bymaking close collaboration with the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (federal government)
and the National Institute of Public Administration (INTAN) while strengthening its cooperative
relationship with them and also developing and implementing a new special training program thatincorporates biodiversity and lessons from the BBEC for instance.
3-7 Lessons learned (matters that will be helpful for exploring, formulating, implementing and administering othersimilar projects, derived from the project) Although the number of Japan’s technical assistance projects that address “institutional and administrative
systems” and the “governance” is not so large, they will be effective if implemented properly by taking
advantage of suitable personnel and adopting innovative methods such as the use of internationalframeworks.
 Particularly in the case where there are many concerned organizations such as in this program, it isimportant to identify appropriate C/Ps and C/P agencies and clarify roles of each agency and personnel.
 Projects which have many C/Ps and whose contents are relatively complex are often susceptible to external
factors. It is advisable to review their project design matrix (PDM) and their Plan of Operation (PO) within
six months after their initiation, and revise them through adequate procedures as soon as possible, if
necessary.
 It is important to create incentives for concerned parties in the case of projects on the subject ofconservation. Because what types of incentives are required depends on such parties, it is important toassess them.
 Third-country training is effective as a place to share information, experience, and expertise among
concerned personnel of similar projects.
3-8 Follow up
The continuation of third-country training is planned. The subsequent projects are scheduled, whose contents are
currently under investigation. Three projects related to this program will be carried out by leveraging schemes of
the Technical Cooperation Project, the Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development(SATREPS) and JICA Partnership Program (JPP). In addition, the dispatch of a pipeline expert is being consideredafter the end of this program in September 2012 in order to follow up these matters.

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