ALMA Forum 2018
Abstracts of Presentations& Poster Session

10 November, 2018
Shibaura Institute of Technology Toyosu Campus,
Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo Japan

Japan Institute of Light Metals

ALMA Forum 2018
ProgramDate: 10 November, 2018
Venue: Shibaura Institute of Technology Toyosu Campus, Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo Japan

Opening Ceremony
Chairperson: Prof. Masahiro Kubota( Nihon University, the International Communication Committee ofJapan Institute of Light Metals, Japan)

9:00

Opening Address
Prof. Yoshihito Kawamura (Kumamoto University, Chair of ALMA and Chair of International
Communication Committee of Japan Institute of Light Metals, Japan)

Session 1
Chairperson: Prof. Kwang Seon Shin (Seoul National University, Korea)
9:05

Including sustainability in the design of aluminium alloys for light-weighting
Prof. Malcolm Couper (Monash University, Australia)

9:35

Current Situation and Countermeasures of Bauxite Resources in China
Dr. Lijuan Qi (Zhengzhou Nonferrous Metals Research Institute Co., Ltd. of CHALCO, China)

10:05

Technical Issues of Titanium and Aluminum Alloys for Transportation Vehicles Applications
in Korea
Dr. Jong-Taek Yeom (Korea Institute of Materials Science, Korea)

10:35

Coffee Break & Poster session (10:35 – 10:45)

Session 2
Chairperson: Asst. Prof. Cheng-Yu Wang
10:45

(National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan)

An Overview of Taiwan's Titanium Industry
Dr. Yeong-Tsuen Pan (China Steel Corp., Taiwan)

11:15

Magnesium as an Energy Carrier
Dr. Isao Nakatsugawa

11:45(National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan)

Magnesium Alloys for Hydrogen Storage

Prof. Yuri Estrin
12:15(Monash University, Australia)

Lunch (12:15 – 13:15)

Poster Session
13:30

Effect of Long-period Stacking Ordered Phase on Hot Tearing Susceptibility of Mg-Zn-Y
AlloysProf. Pingli Mao(Shenyang University of Technology, China)

Microstructure Evolution of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy during Continuous Extrusion and Hot
Rolling Processes
Assoc. Prof. Lili Guo(Dalian Jiaotong University, China)

Session 3
Chairperson: Prof. Malcolm Couper
15:10(Monash University, Australia)

Progress of the Research and Development of Chinese Magnesium Alloy Materials on New
Energy VehiclessProf. Pingli Mao

15:40(Shenyang University of Technology, China)

Status of Magnesium Research and Development in Korea
Prof. Kwang Seon Shin (Seoul National University, Korea )16:10

Development of Heat Treatable Magnesium-Lithium Alloys
Asst. Prof. Cheng-Yu Wang (National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan)

16:40

Present State of Japanese Aluminum Industries
Dr. Mitsuhiro Otaki (Japan Aluminium Association )Closing Ceremony
Chairperson: Dr. Zenya Ashitaka(Toyo Aluminium K.K , Vice Chair of the International Communication
Committee of Japan Institute of Light Metals, Japan)

17:20

Honoring Ceremony and Group Photo

17:50

Closing Address
Mr. Toshiya Anami(Nippon Light Metal Co.,Ltd, Vice Chair of the International Communication
Committee of Japan Institute of Light Metals, Japan)

Including sustainability in the design of aluminium alloys for lightweighting
Malcolm J. Couper
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University,
Clayton 3800, Australia
According to the Australian Aluminium Council [1], in 2017, Australia
remained the largest bauxite producer (82Mt), the second largest alumina
producer (21Mt) and produced 1.6Mt of aluminium. The aluminium
production has reduced recently with smelter closures and the secondary
metal market has also adjusted to the closure of rolling capacity and publicpressure to recycle waste. Over the last 30 years globally, the production ofsemi-fabricated aluminium (rolled, extruded, cast products) from recycled
metal has only managed to keep pace with the growth of semi’s from primary
metal in the ratio 30:70.
Given the current imperatives for energy reduction and sustainability [2], it
is now essential that alloy developments not only meet demands for lightweighting to reduce fuel use, but also include designing for recycling, bothfor closed loop use of new scrap and end-of-life old scrap. This presentationconsiders 6xxx alloy design with a particular focus on the consequences forprocessing, quality, composition and performance of alloys that are madewith a significant proportion of recycled metal or scrap [3].

[1] M. Prosser, “Australian Aluminium in a Global Context”, Proceedingsof the 6th Australasian Aluminium Extrusion Conference (AAEC),
Melbourne, 10-12 September 2018, Ed. B. Rinderer.
[2] H. Helms, J. Kraeck, “Energy Savings by Light-Weighting – 2016
Update”, IFEU study commissioned by the International Aluminium
Institute and European Aluminium.
[3] S. Capuzi, G. Timelli, “Preparation and Melting of Aluminium Scrap in
Recycling: A Review”, Metals 2018, 8, 249.

Malcolm J. Couper
Adjunct Professor at Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
Email address: malcolm.couper@monash.edu
Professor Malcolm Couper completed a B.Sc.(Hons) in Physics, then aPh.D.(Eng.Sc.) and Post-Doctoral Fellowship in Materials Engineering at
Monash University, Australia. From 1983 to 1989 he was Research scientist
and Project leader with Asea Brown Boveri (ABB) in Switzerland. From1989 to 2009 he managed various R&D and Technology activities within
Rio Tinto Aluminium, Australia. He has championed a number of new
product ideas from fundamental research, through development andcommercialization. These have included powder metallurgy, metal
matrix composites, semi-solid and conventional aluminium materials as
described in conference publications and journal papers (136) andpatents (14).
His career in industry has been complemented with University appointments
as Research Coordinator ARC Centre of Excellence for Design of Light
Metals, Adjunct Professor positions (University of Queensland, Monash
University, Chongqing University) and lecturing at Melbourne University,
Monash University, Central South University and Hunan University. He was
Director and National President of the Institute of Materials Engineering
Australasia Ltd. from 2011-13 and has held a number of Technical andManagement advisory roles in collaborative R&D activities in Australia andaccreditation activities for Engineers Australia.

Current Situation and Countermeasures of Bauxite Resources in China
Lijuan Qi
Qingjie Zhao
Zhengzhou Nonferrous Metals Research Institute Co., Ltd. of CHALCOIn this talk we specify the quantity and quality of bauxite resources andanalyze the effects of the present situation of bauxite resources in China on
the future production cost, product quality and development layout ofalumina industry. The amount and grade of diasporic bauxite used in thepresent alumina industry have been decreased with the rapid developmentof alumina industry in China, which has caused the great increases of bauxite
and caustic soda consumption, also reduced the alumina quality problems,such as lithium, potassium and zinc etc. The report also puts forward themeasures to deal with the current situation of bauxite resources in China andthe key technologies that need to be solved urgently in the future. Importing
bauxite from abroad is one way to solve the above problems, but trying to
make better use of diasporic bauxite at home is more important for China. A
series of new technologies have been developed to make better use of low
grade diasporic bauxite, such as hydro-series process, chemical desilication
process, and new bayer-sintering series process as well, some of theprocesses have been tested industrially, and some have been applied in thealumina plant. The researches on the lithium removal and recycle fromalumina are being investigated, and the studies on the potassium and zinc
removal in the alumina are also being carried out.

Lijuan Qi
Senior Engineer at Department of Alumina, Zhengzhou Non-ferrous Metals
Research Institute Co., Ltd of CHALCO
Email address:lijuanqi2002@163.com
Dr. Qi received her Ph.D. degree from the Department of PhysicalEngineering at Zhengzhou University, China. She has been with Zhengzhou
Non-ferrous Metals Research Institute Co., Ltd of Chalco(Aluminum
Corporation of China ) for more than 17 years since her graduation from
Northeastern University as a postgraduate, and now she is served as a senior
engineer in the Department of alumina. In 2015, she was assigned as the
Association Head of Alumina Department in Zhengzhou Non-ferrous Metals
Research Institute Co., Ltd of Chalco.
Her research field involves the two fields, hydrometallurgy and energy
conservation as well. She studied the new processes of alumina production
from low grade diasporic bauxite and non-bauxite Al-Containing resources
such as coal flash and andalusite, energy saving in the alumina production,
impurity removal from hydrate alumina. She has been studying the valuable
matters recovered in the alumina production, such as lithium, potassium, andsodium oxalate as well, and also the improvement of systematic efficiency
for the alumina production.

Technical Issues of Titanium and Aluminum Alloys for Transportation
Vehicles Applications in Korea
Jong-Taek Yeom
Advanced Metals Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797
Changwondaero Seongsangu, Changwon 51508, Korea
Lightweight metal materials have been used in transportation vehicles suchas aircraft and automobiles. In particular, demand for titanium alloys withhigh specific strength is increasing in order to maximize the weight saving
effect of aircraft. In the domestic aviation industry, the technical issues ofaluminum materials are to develop new alloys and new manufacturing
processes to compete with carbon composites. The technical issues oftitanium materials are to revitalize the domestic market of titanium alloymaterials and components for aviation and to foster global component
makers. In order to activate the domestic aerospace industry in the future,
the development of light metals such as titanium and aluminum materials
should be preceded.
In this presentation, the global market and development trends of aluminumand titanium materials will be discussed first in the transportation vehicles
applications, especially in aviation industry. Next, we will discuss on thedevelopment of lightweight metal materials, especially titanium materials
and its components, developed in Korea for aviation applications. Finally,
we will deal with strategies for developing lightweight metals and its
components in the domestic aviation industry.

Jong-Taek Yeom
Principal Researcher at Titanium Department, Advanced Metals Division,
Korea Institute of Materials Science
Email address:yjt96@kims.re.kr
Principal researcher Jong-Taek Yeom has made significant and exorbitantcontributions to the alloy design and thermos-mechanical processing oftitanium alloys, through numerous research and development activities in
the past two decades. He obtained his master degree in Materials Scienceand Engineering from Hongik University in 1996. After receiving his master
degree, he joined Korea Institute of Materials Science(KIMS) as researcher,and later promoted to senior researcher in 2001, principal researcher in 2011,a post he still holds today. From 1999 to 2000, he was a visiting researcher
at Rolls-Royce Co. in U.K. During his stay to Rolls-Royce, he conductedmaterial analysis and life prediction studies on aviation materials,
particularly titanium and nickel alloys. He obtained his Ph. D. degree inMaterials Science and Engineering from Pohang University of Science andTechnology(POSTECH) in 2008.
His work in the field of titanium alloys include the following:(1) Development of high strength and excellent toughness titanium alloys(2) Plastic forming processes of CP-titanium and titanium alloys(3) Microstructure control technology of titanium alloys(4) Thermomechanical processing of CP-titanium and titanium alloys(5) Shape Memory alloys and titanium-base superelastic materials
His research has been published in more than 100 research papers inmaterials science and engineering.
He has also played important roles in the scientific and professional
communities to promote research and technology, such as the Editor andcouncilor of the Korean Institute of Metals and Materials, the Editor of the
Scientific World Journal in Hindawi Publishing Corporation, “Materials
Science”, and a Member of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity.

An Overview of Taiwan's Titanium Industry
Yeong-Tsuen Pan
Manager, Specialty Alloy Development Section,
New Materials R&D Dept., China Steel Corp., Taiwan
The Titanium industry in Taiwan is booming in recent years, mainly
attributed to the shift back of golf clubs business and the massive use of
Titanium consumer products. In 2017, around 5700 MT Titanium wasimported (Top 11 in the world) and 1500 MT Titanium was exported. The
Titanium industry in Taiwan can be categorized into three major fields
including golf club business, aerospace & biomedical business, and industry& consumer business. Concerning the production of golf club products, theVAR skull melting practice was widely used in Taiwan for the production of
Titanium golf club head castings. Whereas, the Titanium alloy plates for golfclub head are all imported. Taiwan is the sixth most-attractive country ofaerospace manufacturing in the world ranked by PWC. The strong
machining capability for Titanium aerospace parts, mainly for the fan andlow and high-pressure compressor of the airplane engine, contributes to such
attractiveness. However, the Titanium raw materials for aerospace parts
including castings, forgings, plates, bars, and tubes are all imported. The
Titanium raw materials for biomedical applications such as artificial joints
and dental implants exhibited the same situation as aerospace Titaniummaterials by 2003. Such a dilemma was breached when S-Tech corp. (STC),
Taiwan, launched to produce the bio-medical Titanium bars and got thecertificates from Stryker and JMM in 2006. Industry & consumer application
is another emerging Titanium business in Taiwan. STC also produces the
Titanium products for the industry & consumer applications but is confined
to long products due to the constraint of rolling facilities. To fill the lack offlat products for industry & consumer applications, China Steel Corp. (CSC),
Taiwan, established a subsidiary company (CSPM) to produce the Titanium
VAR slabs and blooms in China, which are shipped back and co-rolled using
the existing steel rolling facilities in CSC to produce plates, strips and bars
for industry & consumer applications, such as petrochemical tanks,electrolytic anode, tank for electrodeposited copper foil, smartphone &racing car fasteners, consumer ware, and architecture etc. since 2011.
Taiwan also devoted to producing the Titanium powders for additive
manufacturing by using plasma wire atomization and crucible-free gas
atomization technology. There is no Titanium tube manufacturing businessin Taiwan.

Yeong-Tsuen Pan
Manager, Specialty Alloy Development Section,
New Materials R&D Dept., China Steel Corp., Taiwan
Email address:t112@mail.csc.com.tw
Dr. Yeong-Tsuen Pan received his Ph.D. degree from the Department ofMaterials Engineering at National Sun-Yet Sen University, Taiwan. He
joined Steel R&D Dept., China Steel Corp., Taiwan, in 1985. He was avisiting researcher at the Department of Mechanical Engineering in
University of Waterloo, Canada, from 1992 to 1993.
By 2011, his main research fields focused on the development of hotrolled high strength and low alloy steels for automobiles and the alloy
design of stainless steels. In 2011, he moved to New Materials R&D
Dept. and was in charge of the development of specialty alloys,
including Ti alloys, Ni-base alloys, and target materials. By integrating
the production of Ti Slab (China Steel Precision Materials in China), Hotrolling facilities (China Steel Corp. in Taiwan), and Annealing & Picklingand cold rolling facilities (Stainless Steel Production Companies in Taiwan),various China Steel Corp.’s Titanium products, including heavy plates, HR
and CR strips, and bar & rod products, were launched into the market.

Magnesium as an Energy Carrier
Isao Nakatsugawa
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan
1. Magnesium as an energy carrier
Energy carrier is a chemical substance that serves for energy transport andstorage. While current mainstream energy carriers are fossil fuels, carriers
for renewable energy such as hydrogen or methanol are attracting attention.
Since Magnesium (Mg) is chemically active, lightweight and present in large
amounts in the sea and crust, it is expected to work as a solid energy carrier.
The potential of electricity and hydrogen carrier is discussed here.
2. Use as electricity carrier
Mg has a negative electrode potential of -2.37 V and a Faradaic capacity of
2.205 Ah/g, which is attractive for battery anodes.
Primary battery: Traditional dry batteries with MnO2 cathodes were popularin military applications till the 1970s. Water-activated Mg batteries withmetal or MnO2 cathodes are used for undersea devices or the emergency
signals. Mg-air batteries (MABs) have attracted attention as small-to-middle
sized power supplies for emergency or outdoor purposes. As atmospheric
oxygen acts as a reactant, MABs can generate electricity until the Mg anodeis exhausted. The accumulation of discharge product Mg(OH) 2 , hydrogen
evolution on the Mg anode and the resultant low efficiency of about 60% isa challenge for wider applications.
Secondary battery: Mg anode is inexpensive, does not form dendrite during
charging process. Lower cell voltage, sluggish electrode kinetics and theformation of a poor conductive film impede the competition with LIB.
3. Use as hydrogen carrier
While Mg absorbs 7.6 wt% of hydrogen, the application for hydrogenstorage materials remains in the stage of R&D. A major obstacle is its highdesorption temperature above 300 deg.C. A process of extracting hydrogenby the hydrolysis of MgH2 to supply fuel cell cathodes is developed. As thereaction produces Mg(OH) 2 irreversibly, the following regeneration is
mandatory.
4. Reuse and regeneration of Mg(OH) 2
MgO and Mg(OH) 2 are currently used as refractory materials, gas
desulfurizing agent, and cement materials. To utilize Mg as an energy carrier,
it is necessary to establish a cost-effective regeneration cycle to metallic Mg.
In place of current Pigeon process which uses fossil fuel, electric reduction
system using ceramic membrane or hydrogen plasma is being proposed.

Isao Nakatsugawa
Senior Research Scientist at Light Metal Design Group, Structural
Materials Research institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial
Science and Technology (AIST), Japan
Email address:i.nakatsugawa@aist.go.jp
Dr. Isao Nakatsugawa received his engineering degree from the Departmentof Material Science and Chemical Engineering at Yokohama National
University, Japan. After working as an invited researcher at Ecole
Polytechnique of Montreal, he joined Institute of Magnesium Technology,
Canada for five years. He accumulated industrial/academic experiences
through working at The Japan Steel Works, Foxconn Technology, Hokkaido
University, and venture companies. He joined AIST since 2017.
Magnesium electrochemistry, especially in the field of corrosion and surface
treatment, is his life-long R&D theme. In recent years, he is also perusing a
possibility of Mg as an energy carrier, which he will talk today.

Magnesium Alloys for Hydrogen Storage
Yuri Estrin
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University,
Clayton 3800, Australia
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA6009, Australia
A high hydrogen storage capacity of magnesium has been attracting theattention of researchers for a long time. A particular target has been theiruse for automotive applications. However, a high hydrogen releasetemperature is an obstacle to such applications. Attempts to reduce thistemperature below the desired level of 200ºC have been unsuccessful. In ourwork, we explored an approach based on nanostructuring of Mg alloys by
severe plastic deformation (SPD) [1], which changes both the kinetics andthe thermodynamics of hydrogen storage. In this talk a short overview of theresults obtained by SPD treatment of alloy ZK60 and a series of Mg-Ni
alloys by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) [2-4] will be reported,along with some more recent data. Such processing produces a reasonably
stable non-equilibrium microstructure characterized by ultrafine grains,enhanced vacancy concentration, and excess volume. These factors induce
thermodynamic shifts in a desired way and lead to accelerated hydrogenstorage kinetics. This concept has been later adopted by other researchers
who have applied it to a range of Mg alloys. A summary of research in thisfield and an outlook for future applications will be given in the talk.
[1] V.M. Skripnyuk, E. Rabkin, Y. Estrin, R. Lapovok, Acta Mater. 52 (2004)
405.
[2]V.M. Skripnyuk, E. Buchman, E. Rabkin, Y. Estrin, M. Popov, S.
Jorgensen, J. Alloys Comp. 436 (2007) 99.
[3] V.M. Skripnyuk, E. Rabkin, Y. Estrin, R. Lapovok, Int. J. Hydrogen
Energy. 34 (2009) 6320.
[4] L. Popilevsky et al., Int. J. Hydrogen Energy. 38 (2013) 12103.

Yuri Estrin
Professor at Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
Email address: yuri.estrin@monash.edu
Professor Yuri Estrin received a PhD degree from the Institute of
Crystallography of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. From 1979 on heheld several professorial appointments in Germany and Australia. Currently
he is an Honorary Professor in the Department of Materials Science andEngineering of Monash University, Melbourne and an adjunct Professor in
the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the University of Western
Australia in Perth. His research interests include mechanism-based
constitutive modelling of strength and plasticity, bulk nanomaterials,
materials for permanent and biodegradable implants, and geometry-inspired
design of materials. He is the author of over 500 refereed papers and his hindex according to ISI Web of Science is 55.
For his research, Professor Estrin received numerous international awards,
including an Alexander von Humboldt Award (2000 and 2012), an Honorary
Doctorate from the Russian Academy of Sciences (2009), Full Membershipin the Australian Academy of Science (2013), the Staudinger-Durrer
lectureship award from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH
Zurich) (2011), the Helmholtz International Fellow Award (2014), theThomson-Reuter Citation Award (2015) and an Honorary Membership of
the German Materials Society.

Effect of Long-Period Stacking Ordered Phase on Hot Tearing
Susceptibility of Mg-Zn-Y Alloys
Pingli Mao
School of Materials Science and Engineering,
Shenyang University of Technology
Due to the low density, high specific stiffness and corrosion resistance,magnesium (Mg) alloys have been widely used in aerospace, automobileand electronic industry. However, their industrial and commercial
applications have been limited by the wide solidification temperature range
and a considerable tendency of hot tearing. Understanding of the hot
tearing susceptibility (HTS) of magnesium alloys is necessary for its
industrial and commercial value. Mg-Zn-Y ternary alloys attracted
intensive attentions due to the variety of the phases generated in the alloys
according to the Zn/Y ratio. when Zn/Y>1, Zn/Y ≈ 1, Zn/Y< 1, theprecipitated phase of alloys are I phase (or I phase and W phase), W phase(or W phase and small amount of I phase) and long-period stacking ordered(LPSO) phase (or small amount of W phase), respectively. As a specificstrengthen phase, LPSO have been studied by many researchers. However,
the hot tearing susceptibility of Mg-Zn-Y alloys with LPSO phase was notreported so far.
The effect of long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase on hot tearing
susceptibility (HTS) of Mg-Zn-Y system alloys and the influence of Zn / Y
ratio on Mg-Zn-Y system alloys were investigated experimentally using ahome-made T-type hot tearing apparatus. The characteristic parameters
related to HTS during the solidification process were measured by coolingcurve thermal analysis. The microstructure and the morphology of crack
zone were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) andElectron Back Scatter Diffraction (EBSD), and the composition of alloys
was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The result shows that LPSO
phase formed when Zn/Y<1, and the amount of LPSO phase increase withY increasing. LPSO phase could benefit refilling process during thesolidification and decrease the HTS of Mg-Zn-Y system alloys. High Zn/Y
ratio exhibits low HTS.

Pingli Mao
Professor at School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang
University of Technology
Email address:maopl@sut.edu.cn
Professor Mao received her bachelor degree with major of casting at 1991
from Harbin University of Science and Technology, her master degree withmajor of casting at 1996 from Shenyang University of Technology and her
Ph.D. degree with major of materials processing engineering at 2002 fromthe Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. She has beena faculty of School of Materials Science and Engineering in Shenyang
University of Technology. She had been working as a post-doctor at Florida
State University, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory from 2005 to
2007. She was also a visiting Scholar at Florida State University, National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory from January 2015 to June 2015. She has
been a faulty of school of materials sciences and engineering in Shenyang
University of Technology. Now she serve as a professor and was assigned
as an academic leader of materials sciences in Shenyang University ofTechnology. She is the associate director of the key laboratory ofmagnesium alloys forming technology of Liaoning province.
Her research field mainly involves magnesium alloys design, fabrication anddeformation, including: (1) investigation of high strain rates deformationand failure behavior and deformation mechanisms; (2) first principles
calculation; (3) the design and fabrication of high performance magnesium
alloy; (4) hot tearing behavior of magnesium alloys.
Up to now, she have been published at least 100 scientific papers, 18
Authorized invention patent of China and 1 Authorized invention patent ofU.S.
She was awarded the Second Prize for Technological Invention of Liaoning
Province at 2004, the Second Prize for Scientific and Technological
Progress in Machinery Industry at 2010, the Third Prize for Scientific andTechnological Progress of Liaoning Province at 2011. She has been amember of China Mechanical Engineering Associations, Material Branch,
Magnesium Alloys Processing and Application Technology Strategic
Alliance.

Microstructure Evolution of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy during
Continuous Extrusion and Hot Rolling Processes
Lili Guo 1 , Rong Fu1 , Jiuyang Pei 1 , Junying Yang 1 , Baoyun Song 2
1. Engineering Research Center of Continuous Extrusion,
Ministry of Education, Dalian Jiaotong University;
2. Dalian Konform Technical Company Limited
It is generally known that current available Mg alloy sheet are impracticallyexpensive due to the complicated manufacturing processes. Therefore, themain challenge for application of the Mg sheet is to further reduce cost andimprove the mechanical properties simultaneously. A new process,continuous extrusion technology combined with warm rolling, which could
be used to produce the AZ31 Magnesium alloy sheets in lower cost was
proposed in this study.
The continuous extrusion experiments were conducted by using TLJ400
machine under various processing conditions. As a result, the magnesium
sheets in sizes of 160mm×8mm and 170mm×4mm were obtained
successfully. Then, the sheets were rolled to approximate 1mm thickness at
350 and 200℃ , respectively. The microstructure and texture evolution of theas-extruded and the rolled sheets were examined by using optical
microscope and electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD). As a result, themicrostructure in the center area of the continuous extruded sheet exhibitedcompleted dynamic recrystallized grains with an average grain size of 12μm.
However, a great number of coarse grains with an average grain size of 47μm
were observed in the edge area. The microstructure of the final sheets could
be refined and homogenized by rolling at a temperature of 200 ℃ . On theother hand, macro-texture investigations were conducted by XRD. The
results show that the (0002) basal intensity decreases from the center to theedge in the extruded sheet. 86.3°  1120  twin is a cause of weakening basal
texture intensity in the edge region.
Tensile strength of the continuous extruded sheet is ranging from 218 MPa
to 256 MPa, and the tensile elongation is in 9%~18% due to theinhomogeneous microstructures. However, the final sheet rolled at 200℃
temperature exhibits relative excellent tensile properties. The tensile
strength reaches to 309MPa and the average elongation is about 18%.

Lili Guo
Associate professor at Engineering research center of continuous
extrusion, Ministry of Education, Dalian Jiaotong University
Email address: guolili0822@hotmail.com
Dr. Guo Lili received her Ph.D. degree from the department of metallurgy,
graduate school of engineering, Tohoku Univerisy, Japan, from Apr. 2008 to
Mar. 2011. She was a scholarship student founded by Japanese Ministry ofliterature. Her Ph.D. thesis is “Influence of Rolling Conditions on Dynamic
Recrystallization in AZ31 Magnesium Alloy”. She studied scanning electron
microscopy with EBSD technique and charactrisation skills in Tohoku
University, Japan. She returned Dalian Jiaotong Univeristy, china when she
got her Ph.D degree in 2011. She has been a faculty member of theEngineering research center of continuous extrusion Ministry of Education
at Dalian Jiaotong University, China.
During study aboard, she dedicated herself to several institutes in Japan, theJapan Society for Technology of Plasticity, the Japan Institute of Metals andMaterials. After she returned china, she also participated in domestic orinternational academic conferences many times, such as, China Society forplastic processing, Youth magnesium alloy Conference and international
conference on technology of plasticity (ICTP) in University of Cambridgein September 2017, and so on.
The research platform has accumulated over 30 years of theory and practicein metal extrusion field. It has a certain theoretical basis and rich practicalexperience in the continuous extrusion forming of copper and aluminumalloy. In recent years, many meaningful attempts and explorations have been
performed by the team for forming the magnesium alloy sheets. The research
field of Dr. Guo involves in light metals including magnesium alloys andaluminium alloys. She focused on the continuous extrusion and rolling
processing of the magnesium alloys, microstructure and texture evolution,
the mechanical properties & formability of the metals. Guo Lili, as one
excellent researcher of the team is active in the research of low cost forming
technology of magnesium alloys.

Progress of the Research and Development of Chinese Magnesium
Alloy Materials on New Energy Vehicles
Wenfang Shi 1 Huaiguo Wang 1 Pingli Mao 2
1. The Nonferrous Society of China 2.Shenyang University of Technology
When concerning with the energy resources conservation andenvironmental protection, low energy consumption and low emission
automobiles are the control and key factors for the development of theeconomic society. There are two ways for the solution of the high energy
consumption and emission, one is the development of new energy vehicle,
and the other is the lightweight of the vehicle. So far, there are threemethods to reduce the weight of the automobile. The first is to replace theexisting materials with lighter materials. The second is to modify the
structure by thinning the wall, miniaturizing and combining of thecomponents. The third is to increase the application proportion oflightweight materials
As the lightest structure material, magnesium alloys have attracted muchattention and been a research hot topic in the field of global materials and it
had been proved that magnesium alloys are one of the most important
choices for the lightweight materials used in the automobile industry. This
report gives a brief introduction of the key achievements in the field ofmagnesium alloys development and application in recent years in China.
Also the advantages and applications of magnesium alloy materials areanalyzed and the newly developed technology of magnesium alloys and thesynchronous design and development of typical components on new energy
vehicles are summarized. During the developing and manufacturing
process of magnesium alloy parts for the self-owned brand of new energycar, the involved technology including the automobile and parts design
technology, simulation technology, new materials development andselection, the materials forming technology, such as casting, extrusion,rolling and forging, stamping and bent pipe, welding, riveting, bolt
fastening and surface treatment technology, ect. The technologies
developed were thoroughly validated through the microstructure
observation and mechanical properties analysis of the magnesium alloyparts, and through the bench test and road test.

Wenfang Shi
Director of International Collaboration Department,
The Nonferrous Metals Society of China
Email address: wfshi@chinamg.org
Professor Wenfang Shi received her bachelor degree with major of metalmaterials at 1983 from Northeastern University, her master degree withmajor of management engineering at 1997 from Central South University.
She has long engaged in organization and management of Chinese national
technological projects in the field of new materials of nonferrous metals
under the instruction of MoST(Ministry of Science and Technology).
As the person in charge of the project organizer, she has completed theimplementation of dozens of projects related to nonferrous metals materials
processing of China’s “Tenth Five-year Plan”, “Eleventh Five-year Plan”
and “Twelfth Five-year Plan” since 1998, including “Chinese High-tech
R&D Program(Program 863)”, “National Sci-Tech Supporting Plan” andInternational Partnership for Nonferrous Metallurgy, Processing and New
Materials of aluminum, copper, titanium, precious metals, refractory metals
and rare-earth materials with America, Canada, Germany and EU.
Wenfang Shi served as the office director of “Development, Application andIndustrialization of Magnesium Alloy” of “The Tenth Five-Year Plan”.
More than 400 thousand words were published with her professional papers
and technical reports. She served as the editorial committee member of The
Technology of Magnesium Alloy Preparation and Processing(2007) and The
Domestic and Overseas Standard of Magnesium and Magnesium
Alloy(2006). She served as the deputy secretary general of the organizing
committee of 2004 and 2006 Beijing International Magnesium Conference.
In addition, she has been invited many times to make special reports on both
domestic and overseas international magnesium conferences, including
2007 America TMS conference and the Circum-HuangHai Region
International Magnesium Seminar. She was also a former member of experts
of program “the Technology Development of New Car Material”(1996-2001)
and the national key project “the Electric Vehicle”(2001-2006). Now she isalso a member of the materials committee of The Automotive Engineering
Society of China.

Status of Magnesium Research and Development in Korea
Kwang Seon Shin
Magnesium Technology Innovation Center
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
Seoul National University
Seoul 08826, Korea
Magnesium alloys are the lightest structural metals, and have good physicaland mechanical properties that make them extremely attractive forapplications requiring lightweight materials. The global market formagnesium alloys has steadily expanded in the past decade, stimulated by
the strong demand from the automobile and electronic industries forlightweight magnesium components.
In order to meet the demand of new high performance magnesium alloys andovercome technical challenges, there have been active research programs at
a number of universities, national research institutes and industries todevelop new magnesium alloys and processing technologies in Korea. This
lecture will introduce the major magnesium R&D activities and recent
research highlights in Korea.
The World Premier Materials (WPM) project on ‘lightweight magnesiummaterials for transportation industry’, which is the largest national R&D
project on magnesium alloys in Korea, will be introduced with various
outcomes achieved by the project. The research activities of the ‘Magnesium
Department’ at the Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS) will also be
introduced. These will include recent achievements in the area of (a) alloy
development, (b) processing technology, and (c) practical applications. In
addition, some of the research highlights at Korean universities will also be
introduced in this lecture.

Kwang Seon Shin
Professor at Department of Materials Science and Engineering
College of Engineering, Seoul National University
Email address: ksshin@snu.ac.kr
Kwang Seon Shin received his B.S. from the Department of MetallurgicalEngineering at Seoul National University (SNU) and his Ph.D. from the
Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Northwestern
University in the U.S.A. He became Assistant Professor in the Departmentof Materials Engineering in 1983 at Arizona State University in the U.S. In
1989, he was promoted to Associate Professor with tenure. Dr. Shin has been
Professor of Material Science and Engineering at SNU since 1991.
Prof. Shin launched the research program on magnesium alloys at SNU andestablished the Magnesium Technology Innovation Center where he acts as
Director. Prof. Shin acted as Vice President (2008~2009), and President(2013) of the Korean Institute of Metals and Materials (KIM), which is atechnical society with more than 15,000 members. He started theMagnesium Committee at KIM and served as Chair (2007~2012).
Prof. Shin has been a member of the National Academy of Engineering of
Korea since 2009. He was appointed as Chairman of the Korea Magnesium
Technology Research Association (KMTRA) in 2014.
In 1995, Prof. Shin co-founded KIM’s first English journal, ‘Metals andMaterials International (MMI)’, and served as founding Editor (1995~2012).
MMI gained international prestige in the field of metals and materials with
an impact factor of 1.952. As Editor-in-Chief, he also played a vital role inregistering the Korean Journal of Metals and Materials (KJMM), at the SCIE
level with an impact factor of 1.518.
Prof. Shin’s research focuses on the development, processing, andcharacterization of advanced structural materials, including magnesium,
aluminum, and copper alloys. He is especially interested in the developmentof advanced processing technologies and high performance magnesium
alloys with high strength, ductility, formability, and corrosion resistance.

Development of Heat Treatable Magnesium-Lithium Alloys
C.Y. Wang *,1 , P. T. Wu 2 , J. Y. Wang 2*,1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
National Chiao Tung University
2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
National Dong Hwa University
Magnesium-lithium alloy can be applied in transportation and 3C products
for its low density and promising damping traits. However, low
recrystallization temperature leads to grain coursing and further sacrifices
mechanical strength after hot working. It has been reported that mechanicalproperty improvement can be done with aluminum addition via precipitation
strengthening and solid solution strengthening mechanisms.
In this study, Mg-Li-Al-Zn alloy is investigated under different heat
treatments. After hot rolling and solution treatment, the alloy was annealed
under different cooling rate, including water quenching, air cooling, andfurnace cooling. The as-rolled alloy shows ductile properties with ultimate
tensile strengths (UTS) of 194 MPa and elongation 23% in the tensile tests.
Similar UTS and elongation can be observed in the alloy after air andfurnace cooling. Water quenched alloy, on the other hand, has improved UTS
as 357 MPa but degraded elongation 12%.
In order to examine the strengthening mechanism, further characterizationsof XRD, metallographic analysis, and hardness have been made. It is
expected that precipitation of η phase of AlLi in alloys may improve UTS.
However, it is found in the alloys after air or furnace cooling, with lowered
UTS but enhanced elongation. No AlLi η phase is found in the waterquenched alloy. It is believed that water-quenched alloy improves themechanical properties due to solid solution strengthening of Al in β (Li-rich)phase. The improved hardness of β (Li-rich) phase compared to α (Mg-rich)phase also supports the theory.

Cheng-Yu Wang
Assistant Professor at Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
College of Engineering, National Chiao Tung University
Email address: ChengYuWang@nctu.edu.tw
Dr. Cheng-Yu Wang received his Ph.D. degree from the Department ofEnergy and Mineral Engineering at the Pennsylvania State University, U.S.A.
He begins his academic career as a faculty member of the Department ofMaterials Science and Engineering at Feng Chia University, Taiwan, andnow he is the assistant professor of the Department of Materials Science andEngineering at National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan.
His research field involves materials for hydrogen energy, including porous
materials metal-organic frameworks applied for hydrogen storage, andchemical/metal complex hydride for hydrogen generation. He hascollaborations with Dr. Jian-Yih Wang at National Dong Hwa University on
magnesium-lithium alloys.

Present State of Japanese Aluminum Industries
Mitsuhiro Otaki
Executive Advisor, Japan Aluminium Association
Since the original organization body was founded in 1947, we went throughvarious consolidation and Japan aluminium Association (JAA) was formed
in 1999. The main business activities of JAA are public relations, newdemand & technology development, human resource development andstatistics etc.
Utilizing the many advantages of aluminum and aluminum alloys aslightweight and high strength material, good workability, good thermal
and/or electrical conductivity and ease of recycling etc, aluminumproduction in Japan has been maintained at over 4 million tons/year in recent
years. In 2017, 4.258 million tons of aluminum products were mainly used
for the transportation 41%, construction 12%, metal product 12%, food &beverage 10% by demand category in Japan. Rolled or extruded products are
49% and casting or die casting products are 34% by product category inJapan. Meanwhile, the production and consumption of aluminum in theworld are increasing year by year. Especially the increase in China isremarkable.
JAA has been discussed about the future trends of aluminum technology andcreated a road map. As measures against global environment warming,
1) In products, reduction of weight of vehicle and acceleration of Electricvehicle for improving fuel economy
2) In manufacturing process, use of environmentally friendly primaryaluminum ingot and promote of recycling3) Towards resource saving, improvement of property by metallic structure
control rather than chemical composition control
will be in a large trend in the aluminum industry.
Construction of recycling society should be necessary for future aluminum
industry in Japan. It will be important to develop horizontally recycling withhigher quality as product to product, not to depend on cascade recycling
which is used as in the past.

Mitsuhiro Otaki
Executive Advisor, Japan Aluminium Association
Email address: m-ootaki@alkyo.jp
He was born in 1956. After graduating from faculty of Science andEngineering Waseda University, he received a doctorate in engineering from
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University. He joined
Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. in 1986 and engaged in research anddevelopment of melting, continuous casting technology of copper alloys andrecycling technology of aluminum alloys. Then he engaged in research anddevelopment of DC casting technology of aluminum alloys at Furukawa-Sky
Aluminum Corp., engaged in research of patent and technical information at
Furukawa Research Inc., engaged in various academic societies activities
including The Japan Institute of Light Metals (JILM) at UACJ Corporation.
Currently he belongs to the Japan Aluminium Association.
He dedicates himself to several institutes in Japan; The Japan Institute ofLight Metals, the Japan Institute of Metals and Materials, Japan Foundry
Engineering Society, The Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan and Eco
Material Forum.
In the Japan Institute of Light Metals, he was a member of Planning
Committee, Conference Management Committee, General Affairs
Committee and Sellection Committee for Takahashi Award. He wasawarded JILM Light Metal Paper Prize and JILM Distinguished Service
Medal.
In addition, he was awarded The Japan Institute of Metals and Materials
paper prize, and Japan Foundry Engineering Society Kobayashi Prize.
His research and development field involves the melting, casting,solidification and recycling of copper alloys and aluminum alloys.