A Japanese perspective
Tatsuya Chujo
University of Tsukuba
RHIC & AGS Usersʼ Group Open Forum Meeting(Planning Perspectives for the Long Range Plan)
October 9, 2014

Future plans of nuclear physics inJapan (2012)「High Energy Heavy Ion Physics」
Three goals:
1. Precise determination of QGP
properties, Mechanism of thermal
equilibrium (Dynamics of gaugefield)
2. QCD phase structure at high μΒ
3. Search for Restoration of chiralsymmetry

From the report: “Future plans of nuclear
physics in Japan” (2012, in Japanese)”

Science Council of Japan“ 22nd Master plan”• March 2014, adapted our proposal for as a large scale
research project by Science Council of Japan.

• [Project title] Exploring Quark-Gluon-Plasma with newphase of high-energy heavy-ion experiments• [Project summary] “We conduct experiments in high-energy
heavy ion collisions (RHIC-PHENIX and LHC-ALICE) under
the international collaborations, and explore the science ofa new phase of matter, Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), which
is believed to exist right after the Big Bang of theuniverse.”• [Project duration] 2014 to 2019: PHENIX/ ALICEexperiments detector upgrades, 2014 to 2023: Study onQGP.

Japanese institutes, members(high energy heavy ion, experimental physics)• Hiroshima U. (T. Sugitate, K. Shigaki, K. Homma)• RIKEN (Y. Akiba,Y. Goto, H. Enyo, S.Yokkaichi)• U. Tokyo CNS (H. Hamagaki, T. Gunji,Y. Watanabe)• U. Tsukuba (Y. Miake, S. Esumi, T. Chujo, H. Masui)• Tsukuba U. of Tech. (M. Inaba)• Nagasaki Inst. of Applied Science (K. Oyama)• JAEA (H. Sako et al.)• KEK (K. Ozawa et al.)Questions to be answeredin next decade• QGP properties (viscosity and transport coeff.) and their temperature dependence.

• QGP medium response• hadron mass and chiral symmetry restoration• Initial condition, mechanism of early
thermaliztion of QGP• QCD phase structure
Key measurements(1) Jets, direct photons(2) Higher harmonics (hadron, photon, light /heavy quark）(3) Lepton pair measurements

high rate
readout &high pT
observables

LHC	  run	  plan

• 2013.02	  -­‐	  2014:	  – LHC	  Long	  Shutdown	  1	  (LS1) ☜ Right	  now• ALICE	  upgrade:	  DCAL	  EMCal,	  TRD	  installa<on• 2015,	  2016,	  2017:	  – Physics	  run	  @	  √sNN	  =	  5.1	  TeV	  in	  Pb-­‐Pb,	  13	  TeV	  in	  p-­‐p• 2018:	  – LHC	  Long	  Shutdown	  2	  (LS2)– Detector	  upgrade	  for	  high	  luminosity	  LHC	  – ALICE	  upgrade:Silicon	  upgrade,	  GEM-­‐TPC	  installaFon• 2019,	  2020,	  2021,	  2022:	  	  – High	  luminosity	  LHC	  (p-­‐p,	  Pb-­‐Pb	  each	  year)– 50kHz	  Pb-­‐Pb,	  	  x	  100	  staFsFcs– ALICE	  upgrade:	  FOCAL	  direct	  photon	  detector	  (under	  considera<on)

6ALICE	  Dijet	  Calorimeter	  (=	  DCal)•Tsukuba

Full jet reconstruction.
– R = 0.4, pT ~ 150 GeV/c– gamma, jet L1 trigger, improve di-jet
efficiency, study on medium response
w/ jetPHOS
DCal

DCal supper module (2013.09 @ CERN)

7

Medium	  response	  with	  jets	  by	  DCAL

3+1 hydro + jet (Tachibana, Hirano) QM2012• ALICE hadron PID capability (0.15 – 20 GeV/c) with photon and jets (jet axis)• Jet medium response with low pT particles• QGP bulk (PID spectra, vn, HBT) and di-jet energy balance• di-jet, γ-jet, h-jet, ...
• Access to QGP properties: cs, EOS (possibility of gluon shuck wave)• Needed high rate TPC, since it needs correlation measurements with chargedparticles

ALICE upgrade (after LS-2, 2018-)
ALICE upgrade; high rate capability✓GEM-TPC continuos high rate readout(Tokyo CNS)
✓PHOS high rate readout (Hiroshima)✓ ITS Silicon high rate readout✓DAQ (Nagasaki [plan])
For LHC high luminosity upgrade, Pb-Pb @50kHz
Record all MB events, x100 statistics（Unique capability in ALICE）→Access to high precision measurements andrare probes
Physics Goals:
Measure- heavy quarks, photons, lepton pairs azimuthal anisotropy,- Jet w/ PID hadron simultaneously→QGP medium response, heavy quark andstrongly coupling system (thermalization,strength of coupling)
9To
kyoC
HirNSoshimNa
agasakiFOCAL

TsukubTo
akyoC
Direct photon RpA (η=4)
NSCGC vs. normal nuclear effects

linear evolution, shadowing•cover η= 3-5 for direct photon measurements（Tsukuba,Tokyo CNS）
•EM + hadron Cal.
•Under consideration as ALICE upgrade plan
•Goal: CGC, determination of initial condition,
early thermalization of QGP.

RHIC run plan•••••••

2014 (Au+Au 200 GeV with F/VTX),2015 (p-Au, p-Si, p-Cu, p-p, d-Au, 3He+Au @ 200 GeV with MPC-EX),
2016 (high statistics A+A):
2017 (shutdown, BES-II Luminosity upgrade)2018 - 2019 (BES-II), 5-20 GeV Au+Au
2020 (shutdown, eRHIC construction start, sPHENIX construction)
2021, 2022: sPHENIX physics run••Long 200 GeV Au-Au, with sPHENIX, p-p, d-Au 200 GeV

2023, 2024 (shutdown, eRHIC/ ePHENIX construction)

sPHENIXRIKHirosENhima

Japanese contributions tosPHENIX✓✓

Silicon tracer (RIKEN)
Pre-shower (Hiroshima)Jet, heavy quark measurements:→Temperature dependence of energy loss in QGP,transport co-efficient[RIKEN’s strategy]1) Build Silicon tracker in mid-rapidity in sPHENIX to complete the scientific program at RHIC.
2) Conduct forward physics program using polarized p+p, p+A for spin.
3) Transition from sPHENIX to ePHENIX at eRHIC. Conduct physics program in e+A (e.g.
Gluon saturation), e+p (nucleon structure 3D imaging)
12

QCD phase structure•

RHIC BES-II @ RHIC, search for a criticalbehavior.

•A Japanese group also is seeking a possibility
to join the RHIC BES-II at STAR (2018-2019).
13

Considera?on	  of	  Heavy	  Ion	  Physics	  at	  J-­‐PARC;
10-­‐15GeV/A	  (√sNN	  =4.5-­‐5.4	  GeV	  )•Light	  to	  heavy	  ion	  (U)	  accelera<on	  with	  new	  ion	  source	  (ECR, laser, EBIS）•Measurements	  which	  were	  not	  measured	  at	  AGS,	  new	  physics.
– Fluctua)ons（#	  of	  par)cles,	  p,	  vn	  etc.)➡ 	  QCD	  cri/cal	  point,	  QCD	  phase	  mapping– lepton	  pairs,	  photon,	  σ	  meson	  (?)
➡ Chiral	  symmetry	  restora/on,	  thermal	  photons– mul)ple-­‐strangeness	  (strangelet	  search)	  – double,	  triple	  hyper	  nuclei– charmed	  hadron	  (J/Ψ,D)➡ Exo/c	  hadron/nucleus,	  charm	  physics– hadron	  gas	  proper)es– Proper/es	  of	  high	  density	  nuclear	  ma?er	  14*	  Coopera)on	  with	  GSI.
**	  Collabora)on	  with	  J-­‐PARC	  E-­‐16	  exp.	  (K.	  Ozawa	  et	  al.)	  for	  p-­‐A	  physics	  and	  detector	  R&D.15

* White paper writing by March 2015.
* Theory workshop on physics of HI at J-PARC (end of Nov. 2014)

Summary•Our proposal (ALICE, sPHENIX) has been adapted by Science
Council of Japan (2014), as one of the “Master Plans”.

•In next 10 years (2015-2025), Japanese experimental groups
will continue strong involvements in ALICE, (s/e)PHENIX, andalso we are plaining to conduct HI physics program at J-PARC,to answer fundamental questions on QGP and QCD.