Country Report of JapanThe 22nd FNCA Ministerial Level Meeting
December 9, 2021
Mr. SANO Toshio, Vice Chairman
Atomic Energy Commission of Japan

Contents
1. Special Report of “10 years after the accident of TEPCOʼs FDNPS”
2. The basic policy on handling of ALPS treated water (as of April 2021)
3. Strategic Energy Plan
4. Nuclear Energy X Innovation Promotion (NEXIP)
5. Applications of Radioisotope

Special Report “10 Years after the Accident of TEPCO*1’s FDNPS*2”(1/3)*1 Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, *2 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power StationFukushima Today: Efforts made off the premises of FDNPS
1. Recovery and reconstruction of Fukushima steadily
moving forward

2. Recovery and Reconstruction of Fukushima isstill on the way

The air dose rates in major cities of Fukushima prefecture as of September
2020 are largely on par with those in major cities abroad.

As of March 2021, approximately 36,000 residents ofFukushima are still forced to live away from home.

Except for the Restricted Area, decontamination work was completed by
2018, and the evacuation orders were lifted by March 2020.

In the Specified Reconstruction and Revitalization Bases in the Restricted
Area, decontamination work and development of social infrastructure areproceeding.

The government has not been able to announce a concrete
plan for lifting the evacuation orders in the Restricted Area
(excluding the Specified Reconstruction and Revitalization
Bases).

Radiation‐associated health effects were unlikely to be discernible among
Fukushima residents.

The market value of agricultural products in Fukushima has
not recovered to the pre‐disaster level.

The agriculture, forestry, fisheries, tourism and othersectors continue to suffer from ungrounded rumor andreputational damages.

In addition to the specific problems above, difficult issues
such as serious depopulation and the declining birthrate
and aging population are revealed.



Excluding a handful of mushrooms, wild edible plants and fisheries products,
no items exceeding the limits have been found since FY2018.

The living environment for returnees to the areas where evacuation orders
were lifted has greatly improved.

The initiative of “Fukushima Innovation Coast Framework” was launchedwith the aim to build fresh industrial bases and hubs.

Air dose rates in major cities in Fukushima and overseas

Special Report “10 Years after the Accident of TEPCO’s FDNPS” (2/3)
Fukushima Today: Efforts made on the premises of FDNPS
1. Significant improvements of the environments in andaround the NPS

2. Still a long way to go toward the completion ofdecommissioningThe fuel debris have kept high dose levels inside and in thevicinity of the Units 1 to 3.

The government of Japan and TEPCO have joined hands inthe decommissioning of FDNPS with the target completion
date being 30 to 40 years.

There still remains much to be done for investigating andanalyzing the cause of accident.

The average temperatures inside
the reactors are stably maintained
at 15 to 35 degrees Celsius.

Estimated doses from facilities
at the south side of the site
9.76
mSv/yearOrdinary working clothes are usedin about 96% of on‐site areas.
Approx. 0.9
mSv/yearMarch 2014

July 2020

Efforts in the areas of organizational culture and frameworks
1. Improvements made based on recommendations and lessons
raised by accident investigation commissions
NRA and its supporting secretariat were established.

The New regulatory standards took effect in 2013, and the operation of a
nuclear regulatory inspection program was introduced in 2020.

The government has conducted reviews on nuclear emergency preparedness.



As voluntary safety improvements by the operators, the Japan Nuclear Safety
Institute (JANSI) and the Atomic Energy Association (ATENA) were establishedin 2012 and 2018 respectively.

2. Issues remaining to be addressedConcern about a new safety myth to be created bypeople’s complacency that unparalleled safety
requirements will lead a perfect safety if it is complied.

Over time, important lessons may slip from our minds,
and these lessons forgotten may increase the risk ofrepeating the same mistakes.

Special Report “10 Years after the Accident of TEPCO’s FDNPS” (3/3)
Fukushima Today: Efforts made off the premises of FDNPS
Fukushima Today: Efforts made on the premises of FDNPS
Efforts in the areas of organizational culture and frameworks

All people concerned with nuclear energy
must never forget the following There still remain people displaced and areas inwhich evacuation orders have not been lifted
because of the accident.
 Negative reputation resulting from the accident
still remains and the people in Fukushima arebeing inflicted continuously.
 Not to repeat any similar accident by keeping thememories and the lessens learnt.
 It’s a never ending journey of securing safety andbuilding trust and confidence of the public.

All people concerned with nuclear energy
must redouble their effort and collaboratively
tackle the following Being engaged in the recovery and reconstruction ofFukushima until such time when people of Fukushimaregain their pride and confidence at their homeland.
 Ensuring safety and building trust continuously.
 Solving the fundamental issues ingrained in nuclear
energy‐related organizations.
 Keeping the memories and lessens associated with the FDNPS
disaster and pass them onto future generations.
 Providing necessary support to ensure that futuregeneration can acquire scientifically accurate knowledge
about nuclear energy and radiation, which enable themto evaluate the significance of nuclear energy andradiation in the society.

Basic Policy on handling of ALPS treated water (April 2021)
 The discharge will be implemented only when TEPCO complies with the regulatory
standards set based on the recommendations of ICRP, and implementation of thedischarge will be in line with international practice.
 Measures to minimize adverse impacts on reputation are thoroughly implemented.
 The IAEA conducts reviews of the safety aspects of discharge of ALPS treated water.

1) Purify / Re‐purify
Fukushima
Fuel Daiichi NPS
DebrisALPS2) Dilute3) Discharge

Storage tanks

ContaminatedWater

Sea

FuelDebris
Contaminated Water

Contaminated Water isgenerated whengroundwater touched thedamaged reactors anddebris.

Remove almost all kinds of nuclides otherthan tritium to the maximum extent, andmeet the national regulatory standards
set based on the ICRP recommendations
ALPS Treated Water

Dilute more than 100
times to make tritium
to at the most 1/40thof the national
regulatory standards(1,500Bq/L)

Subject to theapproval of NRA,
discharge will
be started(envisaged after
two years)

5Strategic Energy Plan-Overview- We published the new Strategic Energy Plan in this October for achievingcarbon neutrality in 2050 and a new GHG reduction target for 2030.
Priniciple:
S+3Es (Safety + Energy Security, Economic Efficiency, Environment)

~2030




maximum introduction of renewable energy as major power sources
Thorough energy efficiency
Restart of nuclear power
R&D to accelerate innovation.

2030~2050
 Electricity sector  Decarbonized power source Industry/ transport/ consumer sector  use of hydrogen/ CCUS
 Implementation/scaling up of innovation such as hydrogen and CCUS/ CarbonRecycling.

6

Points of policy towards 2030[Nuclear] Sincere regrets for the accident of TEPCO’s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station is the start point of nuclear
policy On the premise that safety comes before everything else Restart of nuclear power: only with the new regulatory requirements, the most stringent level in the world
 Continuous efforts to correspond to the back‐end problems
 Considering long‐term operation with secured safety
 Public understanding: interactive dialogue including regions where electricity is consumed; and easy‐to‐understand polite public relations/public hearing Building up trustful relationship with local community where the nuclear plant locate polite dialogue with local community
 Promotion of R & D
 Fast reactor: participating international cooperation (e.g. US and France etc.)
 SMR(small modular reactor): demonstration program through international cooperation(e.g. US and Canadaetc.)
 High temperature gas‐cooled reactor: research on component technologies for manufacturing hydrogen Nuclear fusion : international collaboration project such as ITER Project7

Energy
X Innovation
Promotion (NEXIP)NEXIP Nuclear: Nuclear
Energy× Innovation
Promotion

METI and MEXT collaborate to build integrated support from business sector,academia and public institutions.
METI supports various types of nuclear reactor technologies.
Small Modular LWR•Smaller size, modular type
•Passive safety➡ ✔ Affordable capital cost
✔ Smaller EPZ

Fast Reactor•Sodium-cooled reactor•Fast neutrons➡ ✔ Effective use ofresources✔ HLW management

FranceU.K.

U.S.

Fast reactor R&D
cooperation basedon simulations andexperimentHigh-temperature
Gas-cooled Reactor

Versatile Test Reactor(VTR) cooperation

High Temperature
Gas-cooled Reactor•Helium gas-cooled reactor(chemically stable)•Coated particle fuel•Very high temperature➡ ✔ Heat/hydrogen use✔ Smaller EPZ

Joyo:
Experimental Fast Reactor

HTTR:
Experimental HTGR

JAEAʼs Facilities

International Cooperation

Innovative Nuclear Research and Development Program••

MEXT supports basic research mainly in themodeling and simulation.
Through this program, MEXT encourages
collaboration between industry and academia
and promotion of young researchers.

<Categories for research proposals>
Collaboration
andInnovation

Bottleneck
Technologies

New andInnovative
Ideas

Applications of Radioisotopes
Follow-up on the Growth Strategy(06/2021）
Attempt on Radioisotope Production by utilizing research reactors and the like
Establishment of Advisory Committee
on Producing and Utilizing Radioisotopesfor Medical Use and Others
 “The Advisory Committee for Medical Radioisotope Production and Utilization” has been formed on November 16, 2021 (Tuesday) inorder to carry out the necessary studies related to the promotion of production and utilization of Radioisotopes for medical use. It has
been established under the Atomic Energy Commission.
 The committee will formulate action plans related to Radioisotope manufacturing and utilization for medical use, etc.
The 65th IAEA General Conference Side Event
Title: The Development of Alpha‐emitting radiopharmaceuticals and the Supply ofthe Isotopes:
225Ac and the possible role of the international organization
Date: 20 September 2021
 IAEA executives, a large pharmaceutical company, national organizations
promoting advanced efforts in manufacturing Ac‐225, Japanese institutions
conducting R&D related to Ac‐225, a researcher from an emerging country
presented the current situation, issues, and expectations for the future.

Dr. Misturu Uesaka
Chairman, Japan Atomic Energy Commission(JAEC) at the 65th
IAEA General ConferenceSide Event

Dr. Melissa DENECKE, Director
Division of Physical and Chemical Sciencesat IAEA General ConferenceSide EventThank you