〔AREIPGR Vol. 35 : 121-146, 2019〕
doi:10.24514/00003226
Original Paper

Collection of Melon and Other Cucurbitaceous Crops
in Cambodia in 2017
Katsunori TANAKA 1), Gentaro SHIGITA 2), Tran Phuong DUNG 2),
Yon SOPHEA 3), Vathany THUN 3), Sakhan SOPHANY 3), Kenji KATO 2)
1) Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University , 3 Bunkyo, Hirosaki, Aomori
036-8561, Japan
2) Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushima-Naka,
Kita, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
3) Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute , National Road 3, Prateahlang,
Dangkor, P. O. Box 01, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Communicated by K. NAITO (Genetic Resources Center, NARO)
Received Jan. 18, 2019, Accepted Mar. 31, 2019
Corresponding author: K. KATO (Email: kenkato@okayama-u.ac.jp)

Summary
Cucurbitaceae genetic resources have been collected in previous field surveys conducted in easternand northern Cambodia; sample information regarding their cultivation and utilization and variations infruit and seed traits in melon genetic resources is available. However, genetic resources of Cucurbitaceae
crops from southern Cambodia are only a few. A field survey was conducted mainly in southern Cambodia
to collect genetic resources of cucurbitaceous crops with variations in fruit and seed traits in melons. A
total of 131 samples, consisting of seven kinds of cucurbit crops and maize, were collected from markets,
farmers’ houses, and fields in the special administrative city and seven provinces and the capital of
Cambodia and Japan; they were registered as a germplasm collection. Of the 101 accessions of melon,
56 and 45 were collected as fruits and seeds, respectively. These melon accessions comprised landrace
cultivars, improved varieties, and wild melon landraces. Cultivation, including open pollination, of thelandrace cultivars and their utilization were very similar to those recorded in eastern, western, and northern
Cambodia and are predicted to cause non-significant differences in fruit and seed traits between thegeographical areas in Cambodia. However, agricultural chemical utilization is more frequent during melon
cultivation, which is performed two to four times, and local insect and disease spreads are common at themelon fields in southern Cambodia. Fruit and seed lengths of collected melons in Cambodia, including
those from previous field surveys, were greater than those collected in Yunnan Province, China, and Lao
People’s Democratic Republic (PDR), suggesting different combinations of quantitative trait loci related- 121 -

to fruit and seed length in the landrace cultivars between Cambodia and other Southeast Asian countries.
Other fruit characters such as powdery texture of fruits, gelatinous sheath around seeds, oblong fruit shape,and low sugar concentration (brix) of flesh juice found in the landrace cultivars from Cambodia weresimilar to those from South and East Asia; useful breeding materials for disease resistance were foundamong the landrace cultivars, especially for resistance to local insects and diseases. Thus, melon genetic
resources in Cambodia should be analyzed for genetic components of fruit and seed traits and evaluated for
disease resistance for melon breeding purposes.
KEY WORDS: Cucumis melo , field survey, fruit, genetic resource, melon, seed
Introduction
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a diversified crop cultivated in tropical, subtropical, and temperatezones. It is classified as either cultivated or wild melon (Pitrat 2008). Many studies have classified melon
by using intraspecific characters of plants, fruits, and seeds and have suggested that cultivated melon
is classified into subspecies melo and agrestis and subsequently into 15 botanical groups (Pitrat 2008).
Among these, subsp. agrestis comprises C. melo vars. acidulus Naudin, conomon (Thunberg) Makino,momordica (Roxburgh) Duthie & Fuller, makuwa Thunberg, and chinensis Pangalo, which are found ineastern Asia from India to Japan. Their immature fruit is eaten as a vegetable, whereas the mature fruitof vars. momordica and makuwa are eaten as a dessert (Kitamura 1950; Kato et al. 2006, 2010; Nhi etal. 2010; Tanaka et al. 2014a). The 15 botanical groups that easily hybridize with each other are foundworldwide, but their hybrids have characters that render it difficult to classify them into proper botanicalgroups. Wild melon is free-living or weedy, having small fruits and seeds growing near farm fields. This
melon also has self-compatibility with cultivated melon, and putative hybrids are found worldwide (Morii

et al. 1980; Akashi et al. 2002; Decker-Walters et al. 2002; Tanaka et al. 2007; Roy et al. 2012; Hu et al.
2014).
Some South Asian melons show resistance to insects and diseases (Dhillon et al. 2012). East Asian
melons, especially var. conomon , show resistance to various diseases, including fusarium wilt, gummy
stem blight, and cucumber mosaic virus (Takada 1979, 1983). Molecular analysis has shown that Southand East Asian melons are distantly related (Akashi et al. 2002; Yashiro et al. 2005; Tanaka et al. 2007).
Both melons can be useful as breeding materials and might contribute to widen the genetic base of melons
stored in gene banks for future use. However, access to melons from South Asia is difficult in Japan, unlessa proper agreement for access and benefit-sharing is contracted between the provider under the Nagoya
Protocol and user, or those genetic resources are introduced from a third party such as the U. S. National
Plant Germplasm System (NPGS), where the largest number of accessions are preserved. Exotic melon
genetic resources cannot ultimately be introduced in either case owing to a Japanese plant-protection policy
aimed at preventing the introduction of bacterial fruit blotch (Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli ) and melon
fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae ).
Southeast Asian melons are distantly related to East Asian melons, as shown by the analysis ofcomplementary genes that cause bitterness in the immature fruit of F1 hybrids (Fujishita et al. 1993).
Vietnamese melons show geographical variation in fruit length: melon landraces from southern andnorthern Vietnam have an elongated and oblong fruit shape; their seed length differed, 7.5 ± 0.6 mm and
7.0 ± 0.6 mm, respectively, and both melon types showed genetic differentiation after random amplified- 122 -

polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis (Nhi et al. 2010). Genetic similarity, as well as similarities in fruit
traits such as fruit shape, skin color, and flesh color, is recognized in melon landraces among northern
Vietnam, northern Laos, and southern Yunnan Province, China, which are mountainous areas (Tanaka et al.
2014b). Melons from Southeast Asia are also thought to be useful genetic resources to widen the genetic
base of cultivated melons and should be used in exploring genetic variation in fruit and seed traits, both ofwhich not only have valuable information to manage them effectively as genetic resources, but may also
contribute to downsizing the number of tested materials for screening agricultural traits such as disease
resistance.
Field surveys in Lao PDR, Vietnam, and Cambodia (Sakata et al. 2008; Saito et al. 2009; Kato et al.
2010; Matsunaga et al. 2016; Tanaka et al. 2017, 2018) found various kinds of cucurbitaceous crops thatare conserved in the gene banks of the respective countries. In particular, for melon landraces from eastern,western, and northern Cambodia, which were difficult to access previously, large variations in fruit andseed traits were recognized during field surveys and were expected to show genetic variations, including
disease resistance (Matsunaga et al. 2016; Tanaka et al. 2017, 2018). Thus, field surveys should be
conducted in southern Cambodia to discover morphological and agricultural traits, and to increase genetic
variation in overall Cambodian melon landraces.
Therefore, in this field survey, cucurbitaceous crops, including melon, were collected fromsouthern Cambodia. Morphological traits such as fruit traits and seed size were measured to characterize
cucurbitaceous crops, particularly melon landraces, and were compared with those of melon landraces fromother Southeast Asian countries and South and East Asian countries.
Materials and Methods
A field survey was successfully conducted as a part of the PGRAsia Project by the Ministry ofAgriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of the Government of Japan, according to a Letter of Agreement
between the Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI; Cambodia) and
Genetic Resources Center in the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO; Japan).
Field surveys were conducted twice. The first survey was started on November 26, 2017, during thedry season (Table 1); the 17-day field survey included the special administrative city, Sihanoukville, ofCambodia and seven provinces of Southern Cambodia, including Svay Rieng, Prey Veng, Kandal, Takeo,
Kompong Speu, Kampot, and Koh Kong (Fig. 1). The second survey was started on February 7, 2018,
during the dry season (Table 1); the six-day field survey included Prey Veng and Kandal Provinces.
Samples were collected from local markets, roadside vegetable stands, farmers’ houses, and cropping
fields; the precise positions of the sites were recorded using a GPS. Other information, including local cropnames and cultivation methods (e.g., cultivation place, sowing and harvest times, fertilizer application, andfruit usage), was also collected by interviews with residents. Seeds from each fruit or one seed-storage bag(in farmers’ houses) were registered as one sample. Mixed stored seeds were separated into seeds of eachcrop and registered independently as corresponding to the individual seed samples.
We also investigated 13 fruit characteristics and recorded them for 55 melon fruits, except for one
fruit from 17CJVC-96, which could not be evaluated for these fruit traits, as well as seed size, as explained
below, because of fruit deterioration. Seed length and width were measured on 10 seeds for each of 100
melon accessions, and the seed samples were classified as large (≥9.0 mm length) or small seeds (<9.0 mm
length), according to Akashi et al. (2002). The seeds were selected randomly.
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Table 1. Itinerary of the field survey in Cambodia, 2017
Itinerary 1

1

Stay

26 Nov.

Haneda -- Bangkok -- Phnom Penh

Phnom Penh

27 Nov.

Phnom Penh -- CARDI -- Prey Veng (Prey Veng) -- Svay Rieng (Svay Rieng)

Svay Rieng

28 Nov.

Svay Rieng -- Visit to northern area

Svay Rieng

29 Nov.

Svay Rieng -- Kompong Speu (Kompong Speu)

Kompong Speu

30 Nov.

Kompong Speu -- Kampot (Kampot)

Kampot1 Dec.

Kampot -- Takeo (Takeo)

Takeo

2 Dec.

Takeo -- Tuan Lap -- Kampot

Kampot3 Dec.

Sample preparation

Kampot4 Dec.

Kampot -- Sihanoukville (Sihanoukville city)

Kompong Som

5 Dec.

Sihanoukville -- Sre Ambel -- Koh Kong (Koh Kong)

Koh Kong

6 Dec.

Koh Kong -- Visit to northern and western area

Koh Kong

7 Dec.

Koh Kong -- Sre Ambel

Sre Ambel

8 Dec.

Sre Ambel -- Kompong Speu

Kompong Speu

9 Dec.

Kompong Speu -- Aoral -- Kompong Speu

Kompong Speu

10 Dec.

Kompong Speu -- Phnom Penh

Phnom Penh

11 Dec.

Sample preparation

Phnom Penh

12 Dec.

Visit to CARDI, Phnom Penh -- Haneda on 13 Dec.

On flight

7 Feb.

Haneda -- Bangkok -- Phnom Penh

Phnom Penh

8 Feb.

Phnom Penh -- Southern area along the Mekong River -- Prey Veng

Prey Veng

9 Feb.

Prey Veng -- Southern area along the Mekong River -- Phnom Penh

Phnom Penh

10 Feb.

Phnom Penh -- Northeastern area along the Mekong River

Phnom Penh

11 Feb.

Sample preparation

Phnom Penh

12 Feb.

Visit to CARDI, Phnom Penh -- Haneda on 13 Fev.

On flight

Province is indicated in parenthesis.

Thailand

Laos

Vietnam

Kompong Speu
Kandal69~72,75
73
68
76

92

91

93,94
90

Koh Kong 81,82
74

77~80

89
85

61

62~64

88

87

Kampot 29
30,31

65~67

Sihanoukville city
58~60 51~55

95

83,84 24
26,27

32~34

77

96~98
103~105

86

28

35
36,37

112 107

Takeo

3
1

Prey
Veng

19
18
102

11~13
10
14
6~9

Svay
Rieng

15~17 4,5
101,106,108
20~23
109~11148
38,39
2,99,10040~43 44,45 113,114

56,57 49,50

46,47

Fig. 1. A map of the explored routes in Cambodia. The routes are shown by bold dotted lines. Each collection
site is indicated by a double circle with a corresponding accession number(s). Accession numbers “17CJVC-1,”“17CJVC-2,” “17CJVC-3,” etc. are abbreviated as “1,” “2,” “3,” etc. respectively.

- 124 -

Data were analyzed along with previously reported data for the characteristics and sizes of 364
melon accessions, of which 107 were from East India; 54 from southern China (mainly Yunnan Province);
117 from northern and southern Lao PDR; 40 from western, eastern, and northern Cambodia; and 46 from
(C. melo vars. makuwa and conomon ) China, Korea, and Japan (Saito et al. 2009; Kato et al. 2010; Nhi etal. 2010; Matsunaga et al. 2016; Tanaka et al. 2014a, 2017, 2018). One fruit of each accession was used
for measurements. Seed size of each accession was measured for ten seeds, except for melon accessions
from East India, for which seed size was measured for three seeds. By using the Tukey–Kramer multiple
comparison test, we compared the seed lengths of the accessions from four geographical regions in
Cambodia and from other countries. Quantitative data of fruit weight, length, width, flesh sugar content,
seed length, and seed width were used for correlation coefficient calculation and principal coordinate (PCO)
analysis, which were performed using EXCEL Tahenryo-kaiseki ver.7.0 (Esumi Co., Ltd., Japan).
Study area
During the field survey, mainly in southern Cambodia, we visited the special administrative city andthe provincial capitals of seven provinces as well as various villages along the route (Fig. 1). The survey was
conducted on foot on paved roads in the city or arterial highway and by car on dirt roads; we also crossed
long bridges, especially on the Mekong River (Photos 1 and 2). The field survey included lowland areas
surrounding the Mekong River and coast along the Gulf of Thailand, at an altitude ranging from -15 to 379
m above sea level. During the survey, we observed the following three areas: a water-abundant area covered
with many ponds near the Mekong River, dry area distant from the Mekong River, and tropical rain forest
area in a natural sanctuary, especially in Koh Kong (Photos 3 and 4). Agricultural products had already been
harvested in the dry area, but were cultivated in the water-abundant area even in the dry season (Photos 3,
5 ̵ 7). The dry and water-abundant areas were also developed for the cultivation of cash crops, but different
land utilization for cultivation of cash crops was found as follows: water-abundant area was utilized forthe cultivation of tree fruits such as mango, jackfruit, sapodilla, star fruit, durian, and banana, and the dry
area was utilized for the cultivation of tree fruits as well as rubber, cassava, pepper, and sugarcane (Photos
8 ̵ 10). Local people used both wild and cultivated foodstuffs, including vegetables, fruits, animals, andfish, and sold them and their processed foods at city and local markets (Photos 11 ̵ 14). Leaf, flower, andimmature and mature fruits of cucurbitaceous crops such as bottle gourd, cucumber, melon, pumpkin,sponge gourd, squash, watermelon, and wax gourd were found at local markets and vegetable stands on theroadside, in which both improved varieties and landrace cultivars were often found (Photos 15 ̵ 20). Thesefoodstuffs were carried from both neighboring and distant areas by transportation over well-paved highways
and dirt roads. In particular, along the Mekong River, local people carried cucurbit fruits from islands where
farmlands are located, in Kandal and Prey Veng Provinces.

Results
In this survey, 131 samples from 63 sites were collected; these included seven kinds of cucurbit
crops and one type of maize (Fig. 1, Table 2). A total of 57 samples were collected as fruits from themarkets or fields, and the remaining samples were collected as seeds from farmers’ houses (Photos 19 ̵22). Local farmers stored their seeds in storage cases such as plastic bottles and netted or plastic bags;
furthermore, some farmers stored all their cucurbit crop seeds together (Photos 23 ̵ 25). In particular, formelon genetic resources, local farmers harvested seeds from more than two fruits, which were set by open
- 125 -

Table 2. The total number of collections in Cambodia, 2017
Province
PlantÊname

Total

Svay
Rieng

Melon
Cucumber
PumpkinWatermelonWaxÊgourd

101
7
10
3
5
5

7
1
2
1
2
1

12
1
0
0
1
2

29
0
0
0
0
0

14
0
1
0
0
0

13
1
3
1
1
0

13
3
2
0
0
0

9
1
1
1
1
2

4
0
1
0
0
0

131

14

16

29

15

19

18

15

5

OtherÊcropsÊ

1

Total
1

PreyÊVeng Kandal

Takeo

Kompong
Speu

Preah
Kampot KohÊKong Sihaknok

Angled luffa, bitter gourd and maize included to “other crops”.

pollination, and the stored seeds showed considerable variation (Photo 26).
A total of 101 accessions were collected for melon during the field survey (Table 2). Amongthem, 56 accessions were collected as fruits, and 45 accessions were collected as seeds stored by farmers(Tables 3 and 4; Photos 19, 20, 22, 24, and 25). Of the seeds collected as fruits, one accession (17CJVC96) could not be evaluated for fruit traits and seed size because of fruit deterioration (Photos 27 and 28).
Based on interviews with local people, we learned that cultivation of melon landrace cultivars starts at the
beginning of the rainy season (i.e., April to May), by single cropping in an open field, on flat land, or neara riverside. In particular, near a river, where sufficient water is available for farming, or in a field, where
irrigation is operated, melon is cultivated for two to four times (Photos 29 ̵ 31). Before cultivation, the soil
Table 3. Fruit characters of cultivated melon in the 2017 collection
FruitÊsize

FruitÊepicarp

Collection
number

Weight(kg)

Length(cm)

Diameter
(cm)

Shape
index

ColorÊ

17CJVC-4

2.40

29.5

12.5

2.4

17CJVC-5

1.40

24.5

8.5

2.9

17CJVC-39

0.60

12.5

12.0

17CJVC-40

0.67

9.5

12.5

FruitÊflesh
Outer Inner
colorÊ1 colorÊ1

Thickness(cm)

Placenta
colorÊ1

SheatharoundseedÊ2

3.5

W

+

2.0

WG

+

-

2.0

W

+

-

2.0

W

+

Powder Brix
texture ( oÊBxÊ)StripeonÊrindSuturesonÊrind

Y

-

+

LG

LG

3.8

-

Y

+

+

LG

LG

2.7

-

1.0

LG

-

+

LG

LG

2.2

0.8

LG

-

+

W

W

2.3

1

ÊÊ

17CJVC-41

0.40

9.5

9.5

1.0

LG

-

+

W

W

2.1

-

2.0

W

+

17CJVC-42

0.37

9.0

9.0

1.0

LG

-

-

W

W

1.8

-

2.0

W

+

17CJVC-43

0.44

13.5

9.0

1.5

LG

-

-

W

W

1.5

-

1.8

W

+

17CJVC-51

2.05

31.0

13.5

2.3

Y

+

+

W

W

2.5

+

3.0

W

+

17CJVC-52

2.50

38.5

13.0

3.0

G

+

-

LG

W

2.5

+

3.0

W

+

17CJVC-53

2.05

28.5

13.0

2.2

LG

-

-

LG

LG

2.5

+

3.0

W

+

17CJVC-54

1.55

16.7

11.5

1.5

G

+

-

LG

W

2.2

+

3.0

W

+

17CJVC-55

1.05

21.3

11.3

1.9

Y

-

+

LG

LO

2.5

+

3.0

W

+

17CJVC-56

2.35

29.5

14.0

2.1

G

+

-

LG

W

3.7

+

3.0

W

+

17CJVC-57

1.95

30.8

12.5

2.5

Y

+

+

G

G

3.0

-

3.0

W

+

17CJVC-62

2.15

26.0

15.0

1.7

LG

-

-

G

G

2.8

-

4.0

W

+

17CJVC-63

2.25

26.5

14.0

1.9

LG

-

-

LG

LG

3.0

-

4.0

W

+

17CJVC-64

3.80

37.0

16.0

2.3

Y

-

-

G

G

3.5

-

3.0

W

+

17CJVC-74

1.35

28.0

11.0

2.5

Y

-

-

G

G

2.4

-

2.4

G

+

17CJVC-78

1.40

23.8

11.7

2.0

G

-

-

Y

Y

2.5

-

4.5

W

+

17CJVC-79

3.30

32.4

14.6

2.2

LG

-

-

Y

Y

3.4

-

4.0

W

+

17CJVC-80

3.12

54.5

11.0

5.0

Y

-

+

Y

Y

3.0

-

4.0

W

+

17CJVC-86

3.85

29.5

20.0

1.5

Y

+

+

LG

LG

3.5

-

3.0

W

+

17CJVC-103

1.85

24.5

12.0

2.0

OY

+

-

LG

Y

3.3

-

5.0

W

＋

17CJVC-104

1.95

35.0

10.0

3.5

G

+

-

LG

LG

2.7

-

3.6

W

＋

17CJVC-105

1.60

15.0

14.0

1.1

Y

+

-

G

O

3.7

-

6.2

W

＋

1
2

Y: Yellow, LG: Light green, OY: Orange yellow, G: Green, W: White, LO: Light orange, O: Orange, WG: Pale green.
Gelatinous sheath surrounding seed in melon.

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is plowed, and a ridge is made, in which seeds are sown or seedlings are transplanted. Very few farmers
cultivate melon by mixed cropping with maize, upland rice, wax gourd, and pumpkin; they burn their fieldwith harvest remains such as rice straw and dig a hole where seeds are sown with cow manure. Chemicalfertilizers and agricultural chemicals are applied during cultivation. Cucurbit leaf beetle, powdery mildew,
downy mildew, and wilt of seedling stage are often noted in melon fields. Immature and mature melon
fruits were harvested one and two months after sowing, respectively. Immature fruits with elongate shape
are used as a vegetable (e.g., being pickled or prepared as soups and salads) and are collected for selfconsumption or to be sold at markets (Photos 32 and 33). Mature fruits are eaten as desserts with sugar,
condensed milk, coconut milk, or crushed ice. Powdery texture with fragrance is a preferred trait for mature
fruit in Cambodia, but not sweetness, which can be adjusted by adding sugar. Seeds for cultivation in thefollowing year are collected from the first set fruit on the vine—big size fruit; good appearance of fruit orgood taste; and number of fruits, normally two or three fruits, depending on the growing area. These seeds
are often donated to other farmers and rarely sold in the market. Seeds produced in Thailand are also soldin the market. Based on information about cultivation methods and seed origin, we classified 13 accessions
as improved varieties (Table 5). Furthermore, 57 accessions were registered as melon landrace cultivars.
However, the remaining 31 accessions were naturally grown on the side of farmland and not cultivated

Table 4. Fruit characters of wild melon in the 2017 collection
FruitÊsize
Collection
number

Weight(g)

Length(cm)

FruitÊepicarp

Diameter Shape
(cm)
index

ColorÊ

1

StripeonÊrind

FruitÊflesh

SuturesonÊrindOutercolorÊ1

InnercolorÊ1

Thickness Powder Brix(cm)
texture ( oÊBxÊ)ÊÊ

Placenta
colorÊ1

SheatharoundseedÊ217CJVC-97

37.0

3.9

4.1

1.0

Y

-

-

W

W

0.8

-

7.8

W

+

17CJVC-98

28.3

3.9

3.8

1.0

G

-

-

W

W

0.1

-

4.5

W

+

17CJVC-99

14.7

3.8

2.8

1.4

G

+

-

W

W

0.3

-

4.2

W

+

17CJVC-100

12.5

2.9

2.7

1.1

Y

-

-

W

W

0.3

-

8.8

W

+

17CJVC-101

75.0

7.7

5.4

1.4

G

+

-

W

W

1.2

-

5.2

W

+

17CJVC-106

78.0

7.3

5.0

1.5

Y

-

-

W

W

0.9

-

4.0

W

＋

17CJVC-108

22.6

4.5

3.2

1.4

G

-

-

W

W

0.3

-

4.0

W

+

17CJVC-109

18.9

3.6

2.9

1.3

Y

-

-

W

W

0.2

-

4.2

W

+

17CJVC-110

21.6

3.6

3.3

1.1

G

-

-

W

W

0.2

-

4.0

W

+

17CJVC-111

7.3

2.6

2.4

1.1

G

+

-

W

W

0.1

-

4.1

W

+

17CJVC-112

3.7

1.8

1.9

1.0

G

-

-

W

W

0.1

-

4.0

W

+

17CJVC-113

10.9

2.9

2.6

1.1

G

-

-

W

W

0.2

-

4.0

W

+

17CJVC-114

12.9

3.1

2.8

1.1

G

-

+

W

W

0.3

-

4.2

W

+

17CJVC-115

36.4

4.7

3.9

1.2

G

-

-

W

LG

0.5

-

6.4

W

+

17CJVC-116

32.8

4.5

3.8

1.2

G

-

-

LG

LG

0.5

-

6.8

W

+

17CJVC-117

80.8

6.8

4.9

1.4

G

-

-

W

W

1.0

-

5.6

W

+

17CJVC-118

46.1

5.4

4.1

1.3

G

-

-

W

W

0.5

-

8.2

W

+

17CJVC-119

40.9

5.1

3.9

1.3

G

-

-

W

LG

0.4

-

6.8

WG

+
+

17CJVC-120

35.8

4.8

3.8

1.3

G

-

-

LG

LG

0.4

-

8.6

W

17CJVC-121

28.2

4.5

3.6

1.3

G

-

-

W

W

0.5

-

6.2

W

+

17CJVC-122

21.7

4.0

3.2

1.3

G

-

-

W

W

0.3

-

7.0

W

+

17CJVC-123

29.6

3.9

3.8

1.0

G

-

-

W

W

0.6

-

5.0

W

+

17CJVC-124

37.6

4.6

4.0

1.2

G

-

-

W

W

0.4

-

6.0

W

+

17CJVC-125

28.8

4.2

3.6

1.2

G

-

-

W

W

0.1

-

4.5

W

+

17CJVC-126

20.3

4.0

3.3

1.2

G

-

+

W

W

0.3

-

6.0

W

+

17CJVC-127

32.6

4.7

3.7

1.3

G

-

+

W

W

0.4

-

6.4

W

+

17CJVC-128

32.1

4.7

3.6

1.3

G

-

-

W

W

0.4

-

4.6

W

+

17CJVC-129

31.3

4.6

3.5

1.3

G

-

-

W

W

0.4

-

5.6

W

+

17CJVC-130

15.9

3.7

2.8

1.3

G

-

-

W

W

0.1

-

4.0

W

+

17CJVC-131

11.5

3.4

2.6

1.3

G

-

-

W

W

0.1

-

4.0

W

+

1
2

Y: Yellow, G: Green, W: White, LG: Light green, WG: Pale green.
Gelatinous sheath surrounding seed in melon.

- 127 -

by local people who ate the fruit directly and occasionally sold them in the markets (Table 4; Photos 34 ̵37). Based on interviews with local people, we identified two kinds of fruits, sweet and sour. These melon
accessions shared characteristics similar to those of “wild melon,” which have been described by Pitrat(2008); thus, they were assigned as “wild melon” landraces in this study.
Moreover, 55 melon accessions varied in measured fruit traits (Tables 3 and 4). Fruit weight varied
widely and ranged from 3.7 g for 17CJVC-112 to 3.85 kg for 17CJVC-86, although small fruits measured
less than 80.8 g for 30 wild melon accessions (Fig. 2A; Table 4). Fruit length and diameter in these wild
melon accessions also showed wide variations: they were smaller than those for the 25 accessions ofcultivated melon, including the melon landrace cultivars and improved varieties (p < 0.01; Fig. 2B and
2C; Photo 38). The ratio of fruit length to fruit diameter, shape index, ranged from 0.8 to 5.0 in cultivatedmelon accessions, which had various kinds of fruit shapes such as globular and elongated, although thisfactor showed narrow variation in wild melon, ranging from 1.0 to 1.5 (Fig. 2D). Flesh traits showed lessvariation in the 55 wild and cultivated accessions. Both the outer and inner flesh colors were green, yellow,
or orange (Photo 39). The sugar concentration of the flesh was ≤6.0 °Bx in 42 accessions (76.4 %), and allseven accessions showing more than 6.8 °Bx sugar concentration were wild melon (Fig. 2E). Gelatinous
sheaths around the seeds were recognized in all fruits collected (Photo 40). Powdery texture was observedin six fruits that had sticky fruit flesh normally known for mature fruit, as revealed by interviews at farmer
houses visited.
Seed length varied widely, ranging from 3.29 to 9.95 mm among the 1,000 seeds of the 100 melon
accessions collected during this field survey (Fig. 2F; Photo 26). Among them, 913 seeds (91.3 %) were
under 9.0 mm long and were classified as small seeds, whereas the remaining seeds were classified as large
seeds. In particular, most of the wild melon accessions had seeds were under 5.7 mm, and they obviouslyA) Fruit weight
No. of fruits
30
20
10
0
1.0

D) Fruit shape index
No. of fruits
20

Cultivated melon
Wild melon

2.0
3.0
Fruit weight (kg)0

4.0

B) Fruit length
No. of fruits
30
20
10
0
10

1.0

2.0
3.0
Fruit shape

4.0

5.0

E) Brix

No. of fruits
20

Cultivated melon
Wild melon

20
30
40
Fruit length (cm)Cultivated melon
Wild melon

10
0

50

C) Fruit diameter

2.0

4.0

6.0
Brix (º )8.0F) Seed length

No. of fruits
20

No. of seeds
Cultivated melon
200

Cultivated melon
Wild melon

10

Cultivated melon
Wild melon

10

100

Wild melon

0

0
5

10
15
Fruit diameter (cm)

20

4.0

6.0
8.0
Seed length (mm)10.0

Fig. 2. Variations of fruit traits and seed length in 100 melon accessions from Southern Cambodia. An
arrowhead indicates an average value in each trait.

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differed from other small seeds. Fruit size and seed size differed between wild and melon landrace
cultivars, resulting in a discrepancy between them on the scatter plot after PCO analysis (Fig. 3). PCO1
was related to fruit weight, length, and width; seed length; and seed width, although PCO2 was related toseed length and seed width.
About 65 accessions, including 40 accessions collected as fruit from Cambodia previously, wereregistered as melon landrace cultivars; they varied in fruit weight, length, and width; flesh sugar content
by brix; seed length; and seed width, although no obvious differences were detected among the four
geographical areas by PCO1 and PCO2, which could explain 48.4 % and 21.3 % of their total variance (Fig.
4). Of two PCO, PCO1 was related to fruit weight, length, width, seed length and seed width and PCO2, tofruit weight, width and flesh sugar content. In case of 237 melon accessions including melon collected asseeds, East and South area differed from West and North area by seed length (p < 0.01).
As for 364 accessions from South-, Southeast- and East-Asia, fruit weight correlated with fruit
length and diameter (r = 0.674 and 0.787, respectively; p < 0.01). Seed length and width also correlatedwith fruit length (r = 0.641 and 0.561, respectively; p < 0.01). These five traits showed no correlation withflesh sugar content by brix (r = -0.289 to -0.042). PCO analysis was performed using fruit traits and seedsize in 364 accessions, and 53.4 %, 20.0 %, and 14.0 % of their total variance could be explained by PCO1,
PCO2, and PCO3, respectively. PCO1 was related to fruit weight, length, and width; seed length; and seedwidth; PCO2 was related to fruit weight and width and flesh sugar content by brix; and PCO3 was related
to flesh sugar content by brix. According to PCO1 and PCO2, most of the cultivated melon accessions from
Cambodia were distributed within the range from the right upper and right lower zone, indicating that they

3.0
Wild melon
2.0

3.0

Cultivated melon

2.0
PCO2 (21.3%)

PCO2 (9.7%)

1.0
0
-1.0

1.0

0
East

-2.0

West

-1.0
-3.0
-2.0

-1.0
0
1.0
PCO1 (82.6%)

South

2.0

Fig. 3. Distribution on the first two principal
coordinates of 53 fruits of melon landraces fromSouthern Cambodia. Principal component scoreof each accession was calculated in PCO analysis
by using quantitative data of fruit weight, length,
width, flesh sugar content, seed length, and seedwidth. Contribution rate of their total variance isindicated in parentheses under the two axes.

North
-2.0
-2.0

-1.0

0
1.0
PCO1 (48.4%)

2.0

3.0

Fig. 4. Distribution on the first two principal coordinates of
65 fruits of cultivated melon from four regions in Cambodia.
Principal component score of each accession was calculated
in PCO analysis by using quantitative data of fruit weight,
length, width, flesh sugar content, seed length, and seedwidth. Contribution rate of their total variance is indicated inparentheses under the two axes.

- 129 -

had large fruit size and seed size, with C. melo var. conomon , “Shiro-uri,” and a few of cultivated melon
accessions from East India, Yunnan Province, and Northern Laos. In addition, a few of the cultivated melon
accessions from Cambodia were distributed within the range from the upper vertical zone, with cultivatedmelon accessions from East India, northern and southern Lao PDR, and Yunnan Province in China. Thus,
PCO analysis showed similarity of fruit size and seed size between melons from Cambodia and C. melovar. conomon and/or a few melons from East India, Yunnan Province, and Northern Laos.
Discussion
We collected 131 samples and information about the cultivation and utilization of cucurbitaceous
crops from lowland areas of southern Cambodia. Immature and mature fruits of cultivars of melon
landraces were eaten as vegetable and dessert, respectively; the same trend has been noted in western,
eastern, and northern Cambodia (Matsunaga et al. 2016; Tanaka et al. 2017, 2018). Melon seeds were
harvested from more than two fruits set by open pollination. This seed-collecting method was also observedin western, eastern, and northern Cambodia (Matsunaga et al. 2016; Tanaka et al. 2017, 2018). Cultivation
and utilization of cultivars of melon landraces, in addition to the sharing of their gene pool through open
pollination, seemed to be similar throughout Cambodia, leading to consistency in fruit and agricultural

4.0

PCO2 (20.0%)

2.00East India
Yunnan Province, China
Northern LaosSouthern Laos
Cambodia
Var. makuwa
Var. conomon

-2.0

-4.0
-4.0

-2.0

0
PCO1 (53.4%)

2.0

4.0

Fig. 5. Distribution on the first and second principal coordinates of 364 fruits of cultivated melon. Principal componentscore of each accession was calculated in PCO analysis by using quantitative data of fruit weight, length, width, flesh
sugar content, seed length, and seed width. Contribution rate of their total variance is indicated in parentheses under thetwo axes.

- 130 -

traits among the melon landrace cultivars. Thus, fruit length and diameter, fruit flesh brix, and seed lengthof melon landrace cultivars were not different between the four geographical areas (Fig. 4), although wide
variations were observed within the respective areas (Fig. 2A ̵ 2F; Matsunaga et al. 2016; Tanaka et al.
2017, 2018).
Cultivated melons from Cambodia showed slight affinity with reference accessions examined using
PCO analysis (Fig. 5), although they were distributed mainly on the right lower zone, indicating that thecultivated melons of Cambodia had an elongated fruit shape and longer seeds. This phenotype is thought
to be common in cultivated melons from eastern, western, and northern Cambodia (Matsunaga et al. 2016;
Tanaka et al. 2017, 2018); in contrast, melon landrace cultivars from Yunnan Province and northern Lao
PDR had an oblong fruit shape (Kato et al. 2006, 2010; Saito et al. 2009). Molecular analysis performed
using single sequence repeat and RAPD markers in 287 melon accessions, including 62 Cambodian melons
collected, separated them into eight groups by the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean tree
(Dung et al. 2018). Of these groups, two consisted of mainly Cambodian melons, and not Laos and Yunnan
melons. Melon landraces of Cambodia also showed genetic differentiation from those of Yunnan Provinceand northern and southern Lao PDR. Fruit and seed length showed a wide variation in not only natural
populations, as shown in this study (Fig. 5), but also, experimental lines; furthermore, this variation was
controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs; Díaz et al. 2014, 2017; Wang et al. 2011). Cambodian melon
landraces may have different QTL sets from those present in other countries in Southeast Asia.
Conversely, PCO analysis showed similarity of fruit traits and seed size between Cambodian melons
and C. melo var. conomon or a few melon landraces from East India, Yunnan Province, and Norther Laos.
Cultivars of Cambodian melons collected had powdery texture and gelatinous sheaths around the seeds,
and these traits were also recognized in melons collected in northern, western, and eastern Cambodia (Table
3; Matsunaga et al. 2016; Tanaka et al. 2017, 2018) and in C. melo var. momordica from India (Kato et al.
2006; Dhillon et al. 2012). Cambodian melons, including the collection in this survey, had large and an
elongated fruit shape with lower sugar concentration, like that in C. melo var. conomon from East Asia.
Cambodia is located between South Asia and East Asia; not surprisingly, the country has melons withshared fruit traits from varieties momordica and conomon . Notably, both varieties are useful breeding
materials for resistance to various kinds of insects such as cucumber beetle and aphid and diseases suchas powdery mildew, fusarium wilt, gummy stem blight, and cucumber mosaic virus (Takada 1979, 1983;
Dhillon et al. 2012). These similarities in fruit characteristics between Cambodian melon and other melon
varieties and varietal characteristics for disease resistance might indicate that Cambodian melons havepotential resistance against insects and diseases.
In conclusion, 130 samples of cucurbit crops and one type of maize were collected in thisfield survey; these were registered as genetic resources at national institutes in Cambodia and Japan.
Characterization of the melon fruits and seeds revealed that Cambodian melons showed affinity withmelons of neighboring countries based on fruit traits and seed length, but seemed to have different genetic
components from those of melons of neighboring countries with regard to resistance to insects anddiseases. We could collect wild melons from southern Cambodia, which are not available anywhere in theworld. Wild melon seems to be resistant to canker and virus (Fujishita 1977; Sowell 1981; Sakata et al.
2000); therefore, they may be very useful for melon breeding. Thus, our collection should be analyzed forgenetic components of fruit and seed traits and for disease resistance for melon breeding purposes.

- 131 -

Genetic resources
All seeds of the 131 accessions collected have been stored as genetic resources in the CARDI genebank, and a subset has been placed in the NARO Genebank with JP number under the Standard Material
Transfer Agreement of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Table5). We plan to multiply the genetic resources and evaluate them in 2017.
Acknowledgments
The collaborative exploration was performed under the Joint Research Agreement (JRA) signed
between Dr Hirohiko Hirochika, President of National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Japan,
and Dr Ouk Makara, Director of Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Cambodia(CARDI), in 2014. Because of a merger between NARO and NIAS in April 2016, all obligations andrights of the NIAS under the JRA have been succeeded by the National Agriculture and Food Research
Organization (NARO).
We thank Dr Hiroshi Nemoto, NARO, and Dr Ouk Makara, CARDI, for generously supporting ourfield survey as well as Dr Norihiko Tomooka and Dr Hisato Okuizumi, Genetic Resources Center, NARO,
and Mr Hiroshi Matsunaga, NARO Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, for supporting our fieldsurvey. We would like to thank the Genetic Resource Center, NARO, for kindly supplying the following
melon seeds: JP32128, 32137, 32151, 74168, 138397, 215850, 32190, 32192, 32200, 32209, 32210,
32213, 32215, 77618, 132677, 132678, 138267, 182819, 215945, 216508, and 216835.
This work was supported by the PGRAsia Project from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries of the Government of Japan and the JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) (26257409).
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2017 年度カンボジアにおけるウリ科作物遺伝資源の探索
1)
2)
2)
3)
田中 克典 ・鴫田 玄太郎 ・Tran Phuong DUNG ・Yon SOPHEA ・
Vathany THUN 3)・Sakhan SOPHANY 3)・加藤 鎌司 2)1) 弘前大学 農学生命科学部
2) 岡山大学 大学院 環境生命科学研究科
3) カンボジア農業調査開発研究所
和文摘要
ウリ科作物遺伝資源を収集するためカンボジア南部において調査を実施した．調査で収集した遺伝資源は 131 点で，市場，畑や農家にて収集した．これらのうち，メロン遺伝資源は 101 点であり，56 系統および 45 系統をそれぞれ果実および種子として収集した．形質の分離が確認された 20 系統のメロンを含め，これら遺伝資源は，それぞれ，カンボジア農業調査開発研究所なら
びに農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 遺伝資源センターにおいて遺伝資源として登録した．農家からの聞き取りや形質調査に基づくと，収集したメロンは改良品種，雑草メロンおよび在来の栽培メロンで構成されていた．メロンの栽培方法や用途，特に，他家受精により遺伝子プールを共有できる状況はカンボジア東部，西部や北部と類似しており，果実や種子の形質で地域間差がほとんどない結果につながっているようであった．一方，カンボジア南部のメロン栽培では年に複数回の栽培が実施されて，農薬が利用されており，病害虫が蔓延しているようであった．カン
ボジアのメロン遺伝資源において果実や種子は隣国のラオス，雲南省を主とした中国の在来メロンよりも長く，これらの形質に関わる量的遺伝子座の組合わせが隣国の在来メロンとは異なっていることを示唆していた．
さらに，
カンボジアのメロン遺伝資源は果肉の粉質や種子周辺のゼリー質では南アジアの在来メロンと類似性があるだけでなく，果実の形状や果肉の可溶性固形分濃度(Brix) では東アジアの在来メロンと類似性が認められた．南アジアや東アジアの在来メロンが病
害抵抗性の育種素材として利用されていることから，これらの類似性はカンボジアのメロン遺伝
資源が病害抵抗性，特に土着の病害虫への抵抗性を有している可能性を示唆していた．収集したカンボジアのメロン系統は，さまざまな形質変異を有しており，個別の育種において有望形質を選択できる素材であるので，今後の評価が待たれる．

- 135 -

Table 5. Details of the collected materials in Cambodia, 2017
JP No. Sample
No.

Collected Species
date

269527 17CJVC-1

27 Nov.,
201727 Nov.,
201727 Nov.,
2017
28 Nov.,
2017
28 Nov.,
2017
28 Nov.,
2017
28 Nov.,
2017
28 Nov.,
2017
28 Nov.,
2017
28 Nov.,
2017
28 Nov.,
2017
28 Nov.,
2017
28 Nov.,
2017
28 Nov.,
2017
29 Nov.,
2017
29 Nov.,
2017
29 Nov.,
2017
29 Nov.,
2017
29 Nov.,
2017
29 Nov.,
2017
29 Nov.,
2017
29 Nov.,
2017
29 Nov.,
2017
30 Nov.,
2017269528 17CJVC- 2
269529 17CJVC-3
269530 17CJVC- 4269531 17CJVC- 5269532 17CJVC- 6
269533 17CJVC- 7
269534 17CJVC- 8
269535 17CJVC- 9269536 17CJVC-10- 136 -

269537 17CJVC-11
269538 17CJVC-12
269539 17CJVC-13
269540 17CJVC-14
269541 17CJVC-15
269542 17CJVC-16
269543 17CJVC-17
269544 17CJVC-18
269545 17CJVC-19
269546 17CJVC-20
269547 17CJVC-21
269548 17CJVC-22
269549 17CJVC-23
269550 17CJVC-24

Plant
name

Local name

Cultivar /wild /
improved

Collection

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Fruit

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Fruit

Luffa

No Nong
Cultivar
Moul
Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

La PoaCultivar

Seeds

Tror Lach
Cultivar
Srouv
Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Citrullus
Watermelon Ov lek
Cultivar
lanatus
Cucumis melo Melon
Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Benincasa
Wax gourd
hispidaCucurbita
Pumpkinmoschata
Cucumis melo Melon

Tror LachSrouv
La PoaCultivar

Seeds

Cultivar

Seeds

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Cucumis
Cucumbersativus
Benincasa
Wax gourd
hispidaLuffa
Luffa
cylindrica
Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork
Cultivar
Treig
Tror Lach
Cultivar
Srouv
No Nong
Cultivar
Moul
Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Luffa

Cucumis
Cucumbersativus
Cucurbita
Pumpkinmoschata
Benincasa
Wax gourd
hispidaCucumis melo Melon

Collected site
Remarks
Village
Latitude &Altitude Source
Longitude(m) (Market name)Kandal
Leurk Daek
Pearn Reang Pearn Reang N11-7-11.9 &25
FarmerYellow color on epicarp with stripes
E105-12-39.1
Kandal
Leurk Daek
Pearn Reang Chong Khos N10-59-24.0 &14
FarmerGreen color on epicarp with stripes, Seeds wereE105-10-48.7
bought at the market near village
Kandal
Leurk Daek
Preak
Preak Toch N11-13-5.6 &5FarmerSeeds were collected from several fruits
TomloabE105-15-46.9
Svay Rieng Sangkat Svay
Vil YonN11-4-55.3 &2
Treader 1 (Phsa Yellow color on epicarp with rinds, From
Rieng
E105-47-46.0
Vil Yon market) Vietnam
Svay Rieng Sangkat Svay
Vil YonN11-4-55.3 &2
Treader 2 (Phsa Yellow color on epicarp with stripes, From Svay
Rieng
E105-47-46.0
Vil Yon market) Rieng Province
Svay Rieng Svay Chrum Doun Sor
Ou Sangam N11-15-3.0 &5FarmerE105-43-44.0
Svay Rieng Svay Chrum Doun Sor
Ou Sangam N11-15-3.0 &5FarmerCultivated plant without pestiside, Seeds wereE105-43-44.0
collected from several fruits
Svay Rieng Svay Chrum Doun Sor
Ou Sangam N11-15-3.0 &5FarmerCultivate plant without pestiside, Seeds wereE105-43-44.0
collected from one fruit
Svay Rieng Svay Chrum Doun Sor
Ou Sangam N11-15-3.0 &5FarmerCultivate plant without pestiside, Seeds wereE105-43-44.0
collected from one fruit
Svay Rieng Romeus Heuk Chrei Thum Onsoang
N11-26-33.2 &14
FarmerGreen color on epicarp with stripes
E105-43-2.0
Svay Rieng Kam Chay
Krabov
Preak Toul N11-37-20.4 &40
FarmerSeeds were collected from several fruits
Mear
E105-43-34.3
Svay Rieng Kam Chay
Krabov
Preak Toul N11-37-20.4 &40
FarmerGreen color on epicarp with stripes
Mear
E105-43-34.3
Svay Rieng Kam Chay
Krabov
Preak Toul N11-37-20.4 &40
FarmerMear
E105-43-34.3
Svay Rieng Romeas Heuk Mok Da
Mok DaN11-19-52.0 &21
FarmerYellow color on epicarp with stripes, Young fruit
E105-43-5.5
is bitter taste
Svay Rieng Svay Chrom Kraul Kor
Prei Khla
N11-9-55.5 &-15 Farmer
Pale green color on epicarp
E105-37-17.9
Svay Rieng Svay Chrom Kraul Kor
Prei Khla
N11-9-55.5 &-15 Farmer
Cultivate plant without pestiside
E105-37-17.9
Svay Rieng Svay Chrom Kraul Kor
Prei Khla
N11-9-55.5 &-15 Farmer
Cultivate plant without pestiside
E105-37-17.9
Prey Veng Preas Sdach
Krang Svay Sras KeO
N11-8-31.5 &4FarmerSeeds were collected from several fruits
E105-27-39.1
Prey Veng Peam Ror
Bor Borl
Toul Chrei N11-20-24.5 &22
FarmerSeeds were collected from several fruits
E105-19-8.2
Prey Veng Peam Jor
Khos Chek Khos Chek N11-3-50.9 &8FarmerMixed with melons which had following fruit
E105-12-47.0
shape: oblong and round
Prey Veng Peam Jor
Khos Chek Khos Chek N11-3-50.9 &8FarmerCultivate plant without pestiside
E105-12-47.0
Prey Veng Peam Jor
Khos Chek Khos Chek N11-3-50.9 &8FarmerCultivate plant without pestiside
E105-12-47.0
Prey Veng Peam Jor
Khos Chek Khos Chek N11-3-50.9 &8FarmerCultivate plant without pestiside
E105-12-47.0
Kompong Korng Pisey Srang
Srang
N11-17-59.0 &54
FarmerPale green color on epicarp
Speu
E104-36-53.6

Province

Seeds

Seeds

Seeds

Seeds
Seeds
Seeds

District

CommuneTable 5. (Continued).
JP No. Sample
No.

Collected Species
date

269551 17CJVC-25

30 Nov.,
2017
30 Nov.,
2017
30 Nov.,
2017
30 Nov.,
2017
30 Nov.,
2017
30 Nov.,
2017
30 Nov.,
2017
1 Dec.,
2017
1 Dec.,
2017
1 Dec.,
2017
1 Dec.,
2017
1 Dec.,
2017
1 Dec.,
2017
1 Dec.,
2017
1 Dec.,
2017
2 Dec.,
2017
2 Dec.,
2017
2 Dec.,
2017
2 Dec.,
2017
2 Dec.,
2017
2 Dec.,
2017
2 Dec.,
2017
2 Dec.,
2017
2 Dec.,
2017

269552 17CJVC-26
269553 17CJVC-27
269554 17CJVC-28
269555 17CJVC-29
269556 17CJVC-30
269557 17CJVC-31
269558 17CJVC-32
269559 17CJVC-33
269560 17CJVC-34- 137 -

269561 17CJVC-35
269562 17CJVC-36
269563 17CJVC-37
269564 17CJVC-38
269565 17CJVC-39
269566 17CJVC-40
269567 17CJVC-41
269568 17CJVC-42
269569 17CJVC-43
269570 17CJVC-44
269571 17CJVC-45
269572 17CJVC-46
269573 17CJVC-47
269574 17CJVC-48

Plant
name

Local name

Cultivar /wild /
improved

Collection

Cultivar

Seeds

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Citrullus
Watermelon Ov lek
Cultivar
lanatus
Cucumis melo Melon
Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Cucumis melo Melon

Province

District
Bor SetSeeds

Kompong
Speu
Kompong
Speu
Kompong
Speu
Takeo

Tram Kak

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

KampotChumkiri

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

KampotDorng tong

Cucurbita
Pumpkinmoschata
Cucumis melo MelonLa PoaCultivar

Seeds

KampotDorng tong

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Kampot

Chouk

Cucumis
Cucumbersativus
Cucumis
Cucumbersativus
Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork
Cultivar
Treig
Tror Sork
Cultivar
Treig
Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Kampot

Chouk

Seeds

Kampot

Chouk

Seeds

Takeo

Tram Kak

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Takeo

Tram Kak

Cucurbita
Pumpkinmoschata
Cucumis melo MelonLa PoaCultivar

Seeds

Takeo

Tram Kak

Tror Sork
Improved
LavingTror Sork
Improved
LavingTror Sork
Improved
LavingTror Sork
Improved
LavingTror Sork
Improved
LavingTror Sork
Improved
LavingTror Sork
Cultivar
LavingTror Sork
Cultivar
LavingTror Sork
Cultivar
LavingTror Sork
Cultivar
LavingTror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Takeo

Trank

Fruit

Takeo

Trank

Fruit

Takeo

Dain Keo

Fruit

Takeo

Dain Keo

Fruit

Takeo

Dain Keo

Fruit

Takeo

Dain Keo

Seeds

Takeo

Trang

Seeds

Takeo

Trang

Seeds

Takeo

Kirivong

Seeds

Takeo

Kirivong

Seeds

Takeo

Kirivong

Cucurbita
Pumpkinmoschata
Cucumis melo Melon

Cucumis melo Melon
Cucumis melo Melon
Cucumis melo Melon
Cucumis melo Melon
Cucumis melo Melon
Cucumis melo Melon
Cucumis melo Melon
Cucumis melo Melon
Cucumis melo Melon
Cucumis melo MelonLa PoaBor SetBor Set

Collected site
Remarks
Village
Latitude &Altitude Source
Longitude(m) (Market name)
Kork
Tror Peng
N11-11-28.5 &45
Farmer
KroSang
E104-34-12.1
Po Mareal
Ang DeakN11-11-20.4 &32
FarmerSeeds were collected from several fruits
KandalE104-34-22.2
Po Mareal
Ang DeakN11-11-20.4 &32
FarmerGreen color with stripes on epicarp, Seeds were
KandalE104-34-22.2
collected from several fruits
Tror Pang
Tror Pang
N11-5-8.5 &48
FarmerSeeds were collected from several fruits
Kronhung
Kronhung
E104-28-26.9
Chumpu Van Kandal
N10-54-32.7 &49
FarmerYellow color with stripes on epicarp, Seeds wereE104-24-29.0
collected from several fruits
Laang
Damnak
N10-46-17.3 &37
FarmerGreen color with stripes on epicarp, Seeds were
Ampil
E104-19-51.2
collected from several fruits
Laang
Damnak
N10-46-17.3 &37
FarmerAmpil
E104-19-51.2
Boeuk Nimol Prich
N10-49-40.2 &34
FarmerSeeds were collected from several fruits
E104-25-14.1
Boeuk Nimol Prich
N10-49-40.2 &34
FarmerOriginal seeds for no. 34
E104-25-14.1
Boeuk Nimol Prich
N10-49-40.2 &34
FarmerCultivated plant without pestiside, Seeds wereE104-25-14.1
collected from several fruits
Tram Kak
Trorpang
N10-53-52.5 &46
FarmerSeeds were collected from several fruits
Khot
E104-33-55.1
Leay Bou
Slar
N11-00-15.4 &8FarmerGreen color with stripes on epicarp, Seeds wereE104-41-39.3
collected from several fruits
Leay Bou
Slar
N11-00-15.4 &8FarmerSeeds were collected from three fruits
E104-41-39.3
SambourPrey Dork
N10-57-21.7 &2FarmerSeeds were collectef from several fruits
E104-50-44.4
SambourPrey Dork
N10-57-21.7 &2FarmerYellow color on epicarp with rinds
E104-50-44.4
Sagkat Roka Tuol Beak
N10-58-52.5 &12Farmer (Takeo) Pale green color on epicarp with rinds, From theKrao
E104-46-39.6
same site to no. 38
Sagkat Roka Tuol Beak
N10-58-52.5 &12Farmer (Takeo) Pale green color on epicarp with rinds, From theKrao
E104-46-39.6
same site to no. 38
Sagkat Roka Tuol Beak
N10-58-52.5 &12Farmer (Takeo) Pale green color on epicarp and round fruit
Krao
E104-46-39.6
shape, From same site to no. 38
Sagkat Roka Tuol Beak
N10-58-52.5 &12Farmer (Takeo) Pale green color on epicarp and oblong fruit
Krao
E104-46-39.6
shape, From the same site to no. 38
Ang KnolKor
N10-51-40.6 &13
FarmerSeeds were collected from several fruits
E104-48-15.0
Ang KnolKor
N10-51-40.6 &13
FarmerSeeds were collected from several fruits
E104-48-15.0
Prey Ampork Soben
N10-37-35.8 &21
FarmerSeeds were collected from several fruits
E104-47-27.0
Prey Ampork Soben
N10-37-35.8 &21
FarmerSeeds were collected from several fruits, from
E104-47-27.0
different seed bag from that of no. 46
Kampaeng
Ang Kchao N10-39-31.9 &26
FarmerSeeds were collected from several fruits
E104-43-28.3
CommuneTable 5. (Continued).
JP No. Sample
No.

Collected Species
date

Plant
name

269575 17CJVC-49

2 Dec.,
2017
2 Dec.,
2017
3 Dec.,
2017

Cucumis melo Melon

269578 17CJVC-52

Local name

Cultivar /wild /
improved

Collection
Province
Seeds

KampotCucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork
Cultivar
LavingTror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

KampotCucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Fruit

Kampot3 Dec.,
2017

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Fruit

Kampot269579 17CJVC-53

3 Dec.,
2017

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Fruit

Kampot269580 17CJVC-54

4 Dec.,
2017

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Fruit

Kampot269581 17CJVC-55

4 Dec.,
2017

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Fruit

Kampot269582 17CJVC-56

4 Dec.,
2017
4 Dec.,
2017
4 Dec.,
2017
4 Dec.,
2017
4 Dec.,
2017
4 Dec.,
2017
5 Dec.,
2017
5 Dec.,
2017
5 Dec.,
2017
5 Dec.,
2017
5 Dec.,
2017
6 Dec.,
2017
6 Dec.,
2017
6 Dec.,
2017
6 Dec.,
2017

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Fruit

KampotCucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Fruit

KampotCucurbitaMelonmoschata
CucumisPumpkinsativus
Cucumis melo Cucumber

Tror Sork Srov Improved

Seeds

KampotLa PoaImproved

Seeds

KampotTror Sork
Treig
La PoaImproved

Seeds

KampotCultivarSeeds

Kok Kong

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Fruit

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Fruit

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Fruit

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Cucurbita
Pumpkinmoschata
Cucumis melo MelonLa PoaCultivar

Seeds

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Preah
Sihaknok
Preah
Sihaknok
Preah
Sihaknok
Preah
Sihaknok
Preah
Sihaknok
Koh Kong

Zea mays

Maize

Pourt

CultivarSeeds

Koh Kong

Benincasa
hispidaCitrullus
lanatus

Wax gourd Tror Lach
Srouv
Watermelon Ov lek

CultivarSeeds

Koh Kong

CultivarSeeds

Koh Kong

269576 17CJVC-50
269577 17CJVC-51- 138 -

269583 17CJVC-57
269584 17CJVC-58
269585 17CJVC-59
269586 17CJVC-60
269587 17CJVC-61
269588 17CJVC-62
269589 17CJVC-63
269590 17CJVC-64
269591 17CJVC-65
269592 17CJVC-66
269593 17CJVC-67
269594 17CJVC-68
269595 17CJVC-69
269596 17CJVC-70

Cucurbita
Pumpkinmoschata
Cucumis melo Melon

Collected site
Village
Latitude &Altitude Source
Longitude(m) (Market name)
Banteaymeas Banteaymeas Trarpaeng
N10-39-5.0 &2
FarmerKhang Kert
E104-38-57.6
Banteaymeas Banteaymeas Trarpaeng
N10-39-5.0 &2
FarmerKhang Kert
E104-38-57.6
Krong Kampot Kampong
Kampong
N10-36-55.3 &15Treaderbay
bay Khang E104-10-52.5(Kampot
Throngmarket)Krong Kampot Kampong
Kampong
N10-36-55.3 &15Treaderbay
bay Khang E104-10-52.5(Kampot
Throngmarket)Krong Kampot Kampong
Kampong
N10-36-55.3 &15Treaderbay
bay Khang E104-10-52.5(Kampot
Throngmarket)Krong Kampot Kampong
Kampong
N10-36-55.3 &15Treaderbay
bay Khang E104-10-52.5(Kampot
Throngmarket)Krong Kampot Kampong
Kampong
N10-36-55.3 &15Treaderbay
bay Khang E104-10-52.5(Kampot
Throngmarket)Teuk Chhu
Kampong
AndongN10-40-22.5 &28
FarmerKreng
YeymeunE104-9-56.9
Teuk Chhu
Kampong
AndongN10-40-22.5 &28
FarmerKreng
YeymeunE104-9-56.9
Teuk Chhu
Preak Hnout Preakreang N10-36-17.9 &3
FarmerE103-56-36.4
Teuk Chhu
Preak Hnout Preakreang N10-36-17.9 &3
FarmerE103-56-36.4
Teuk Chhu
Preak Hnout Preakreang N10-36-17.9 &3
FarmerE103-56-36.4
Srae Ambil
BoeungOu Chrov
N11-4-5.9 &19
FarmerPreav
E103-47-42.8
Preah
No.4
No.1
N10-37-27.3 &31
Farmer (Leu
Sihaknok
E103-31-46.4
market)
Preah
No.4
No.1
N10-37-27.3 &31
Farmer (Leu
Sihaknok
E103-31-46.4
market)
Preah
No.4
No.1
N10-37-27.3 &31
Treader (Leu
Sihaknok
E103-31-46.4
market)Prey Nov
Andong tmor Outrav
N10-40-16.2 &8FarmerE103-47-51.4
Prey Nov
Andong tmor Outrav
N10-40-16.2 &8FarmerE103-47-51.4
MondulToul Korks Toul Korks N11-36-16.2 &7FarmerSeyma
E103-2-56.5
Koh Kong
Tatai
Am long
N11-35-36.4 &FarmerE103-8-31.0
Koh Kong
Tatai
Am long
N11-35-58.3 &3
FarmerE103-8-49.0
Koh Kong
Tatai
Am long
N11-35-58.3 &3
FarmerE103-8-49.0

District

Remarks

CommuneSeeds were collected from several fruits
Green color on epicarp, Seeds were collectedfrom several fruits
Fruit were carried from Stueng Keo village in
Kampot district in Kampot Province
Fruit were carried from Stueng Keo village in
Kampot district in Kampot Province
Fruit were carried from Stueng Keo village in
Kampot district in Kampot Province
Fruit were carried from Stueng Keo village in
Kampot district in Kampot Province
Fruit were carried from Stueng Keo village in
Kampot district in Kampot Province
Green color with stripes on epicarp, Seeds wereintroduced from Kompong Cham
Yellow color with stripes on epicarp, Seeds wereintroduced from Kompong Cham
Seeds were originated from Agriculturalorganization
Seeds were originated from fruit sold at market
Seeds were collected from several fruits andoriginated from Agricultural organization
Seeds were collected from several fruits
Fruit was carried from near Outrav village inPrey nob district in Sihaknovil
Fruit were carried from near Outrav village inPrey nob district in Sihaknovil
Fruit were carried from near Outrav village inPrey nob district in Sihaknovil
Green color with stripes on epicarp
Fruit were carried from Stueng Keo village in
Kampot district in Kampot Province
Green color with stripes on epicarp
Sticky grain, Cultivated for a long time
20 cm in fruit lengthTable 5. (Continued).
JP No. Sample
No.

Collected Species
date

269597 17CJVC-71

6 Dec.,
2017
6 Dec.,
2017
7 Dec.,
2017
8 Dec.,
2017

269598 17CJVC-72
269599 17CJVC-73
269600 17CJVC-74
269601 17CJVC-75
269602 17CJVC-76
269603 17CJVC-77
269604 17CJVC-78
269605 17CJVC-79- 139 -

269606 17CJVC-80
269607 17CJVC-81
269608 17CJVC-82
269609 17CJVC-83
269610 17CJVC-84
269611 17CJVC-85
269612 17CJVC-86

269613 17CJVC-87
269614 17CJVC-88
269615 17CJVC-89
269616 17CJVC-90
269617 17CJVC-91
269618 17CJVC-92
269619 17CJVC-93

6 Dec.,
2017
6 Dec.,
2017
8 Dec.,
2017
8 Dec.,
2017
8 Dec.,
2017
8 Dec.,
2017
8 Dec.,
2017
8 Dec.,
2017
8 Dec.,
2017
8 Dec.,
2017
8 Dec.,
2017
9 Dec.,
2017
9 Dec.,
2017
9 Dec.,
2017
9 Dec.,
2017
9 Dec.,
2017
9 Dec.,
2017
9 Dec.,
2017
9 Dec.,
2017

Plant
name

Local name

Cultivar /wild /
improved

Collection
Province

District

CommuneCucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Koh Kong Koh Kong

Tatai

Cucumis
Cucumbersativus
Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork
Cultivar
Paork
Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Koh Kong Koh Kong

Tatai

Seeds

Koh Kong Tmabang

Tutai Leu

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Improved

Fruit

Koh Kong Sre Ambel

Sre Ambel

Zea mays

Pourt

CultivarSeeds

Koh Kong Koh Kong

Tatai

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Koh Kong Koh Kong

Ta Yong

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Koh Kong Sre Ambel

Trorpeng

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Improved

Fruit

Koh Kong Sre Ambel

Trorpeng

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Improved

Fruit

Koh Kong Sre Ambel

Trorpeng

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Improved

Fruit

Koh Kong Sre Ambel

Trorpeng

Cucurbita
Pumpkinmoschata
Benincasa
Wax gourd
hispidaCucumis melo MelonLa PoaCultivar

Seeds

Tror Lach
Cultivar
Srouv
Tror Sork Srov Improved

Seeds

Cucumis
Cucumbersativus
Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork
Improved
Treig
Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Improved

Fruit

Kompong
Speu
Kompong
Speu
Kompong
Speu
Kompong
Speu
Kompong
Speu
Kompong
Speu

Phnum Srouch Traeng Fror
YoeungPhnum Srouch Traeng Fror
YoeungPhmum
Ou
SrouchPhmum
Ou
SrouchPhum Srouch Traeng Tror
Yoeng
Krong
Ror Kar
ChbamunThum

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Phnum Srouch Kiri Voan

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork
Soang
La PoaCultivar

Seeds

Cultivar

Seeds

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Kompong
Speu
Kompong
Speu
Kompong
Speu
Kompong
Speu
Kompong
Speu
Kompong
Speu
Kompong
Speu

Maize

Cucurbita
Pumpkinmoschata
Cucumis melo Melon

Seeds

Seeds

Collected site
Village
Latitude &Altitude Source
Longitude(m) (Market name)Am long
N11-35-58.3 &3
FarmerE103-8-49.0
Am long
N11-35-58.3 &3
FarmerE103-8-49.0
Spaen Kda N11-43-48.1 & 379 Farmer
E103-20-47.0
Trorpeng
N11-7-15.8 &45
Farmer (SreE103-44-53.9
Ambel market)
Am long

N11-35-58.3 &E103-8-49.0
Kor G
N11-39-53.0 &E103-7-0.8
Treak
N11-6-38.3 &E103-44-11.0
Svay Prei
N11-6-39.7 &E103-44-25.2
Svay Prei
N11-6-39.7 &E103-44-25.2
Svay Prei
N11-6-39.7 &E103-44-25.2
ChamkaN11-14-41.5 &ChekE104-10-0.4
ChamkaN11-14-41.5 &ChekE104-10-0.4
Krang Pnov N11-20-38.8 &E104-20-30.2
Krang Pnov N11-20-38.8 &E104-20-30.2
Le
N11-19-27.3 &E104-10-36.3
Commerce N11-27-42.9 &E104-31-15.3
Krang
Brosrok
Tnot PreakN11-22-59.6 &E104-23-26.4
Phnum Srouch Tang Kcha
N11-26-29.4 &E104-20-50.8
Phnum Srouch Tang Sarong Kambas Prei N11-29-13.1 &E104-17-40.6
Oral
Reaksmey
Snong Kear N11-31-42.6 &Samaki
E104-14-8.1
Oral
Trorpeang
Chrork Teak N11-48-5.0 &ChouE104-7-43.2
TporngAmlangOu AngN11-48-33.1 &Korm
E104-18-5.5
OralSong Kae
Tang Sreung N11-38-58.5 &SatobE104-11-53.5

Remarks

Green color with stripes on epicarp
Seeds were collected from ten fruits
Seeds were introduced from Kompong Cham
Seeds were introduced from market two years
ago, Fruit was harvested from the same field tono. 78 to 80
Sticky grain, Cultivated for a long time3

Farmer8

Farmer11

Farmer13

Farmer13

Farmer13

Farmer122

Farmer122

Farmer76

Farmer76

Farmer94

Farmer35

81

TreaderFruit was carried from Chum Pou Vaan village in(Kompong Speu Phnom Penh.
market)FarmerSeeds were collected from several fruits

56

FarmerSeeds were collected from several fruits

66

Farmer57

FarmerFruit length and diameter are 5.0 cm and 12.0
cm, respectively
Seeds were collected from several fruits

126

FarmerSeeds were collected from several fruits

95

FarmerSeeds were collected from several fruits

64

FarmerYellow color with stripes on epicarp

Green color with stripes on epicarp, Seeds werecollected from several fruits
Yellow color with stripes on epicarp
Fruit was harvested from the same field to no. 78
to 80
Seeds were introduced from market two years
ago and collected from several fruits
Seeds were introduced from market two years
ago and collected from several fruits
Cultivated for a long time, Seeds were collectedfrom several fruits
Cultivated for a long time, Seeds were collectedfrom one fruit
Seeds were introduced from market and collectedfrom three fruits
Seeds were introduced from market and collectedfrom several fruits
Seeds were introduced from Kandal ProvinceTable 5. (Continued).
JP No. Sample
No.

Collected Species
date

269620 17CJVC-94

9 Dec.,
2017
10 Dec.,2017

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Cultivar

Seeds

8 Feb.,
2018
269623 17CJVC-97 8 Feb.,
2018269624 17CJVC-98 8 Feb.,
2018269625 17CJVC-99 8 Feb.,
2018269626 17CJVC-100 8 Feb.,
2018269627 17CJVC-101 8 Feb.,
2018269628 17CJVC-102 8 Feb.,
2018269629 17CJVC-103 9 Feb.,
2018269630 17CJVC-104 9 Feb.,
2018269631 17CJVC-105 9 Feb.,
2018269632 17CJVC-106 8 Feb.,
2018269633 17CJVC-107 9 Feb.,
2018269634 17CJVC-108 8 Feb.,
2018269635 17CJVC-109 8 Feb.,
2018269636 17CJVC-110 8 Feb.,
2018269637 17CJVC-111 8 Feb.,
2018269638 17CJVC-112 9 Feb.,
2018269639 17CJVC-113 9 Feb.,
2018269640 17CJVC-114 9 Feb.,
2018269641 17CJVC-115 10 Feb.,
2018269642 17CJVC-116 10 Feb.,
2018269643 17CJVC-117 10 Feb.,
2018

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Sva Wild

Cucumis melo Melon

269621 17CJVC-95

269622 17CJVC-96

Plant
name

Local name

Cultivar /wild /
improved

Collection
Province

District

CommuneKompong
Speu
Kompong
Speu

Oral

Song Kae
Satob
Khrang
Ampsl

Fruit

Kandal

Leurk Daek

Tror Sork Sva Wild

Fruit

KandalCucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Sva Wild

Fruit

KandalCucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Sva Wild

Fruit

KandalCucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Sva Wild

Fruit

KandalCucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Sva Wild

Fruit

Prey Veng- 140 -

Momordica
Bitter gourd Moreas Prescharantia
Cucumis melo Melon
Tror Sork

Wild

Fruit

Prey Veng

Cultivar

Fruit

Prey Veng

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork

Cultivar

Fruit

Prey Veng

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork

Cultivar

Fruit

Prey Veng

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Sva Wild

Fruit

Prey Veng

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork

Seeds

KandalCucumis melo Melon

Fruit

Prey Veng

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork
Wild
Pomea
Tror Sork Sva Wild

Fruit

Prey Veng

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Sva Wild

Fruit

Prey Veng

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Sva Wild

Fruit

Prey Veng

Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Sva Wild

Fruit

KandalCucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Sva Wild

Fruit

KandalCucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Sva Wild

Fruit

KandalCucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork
Thmea
Tror Sork
Thmea
Tror Sork
Thmea

Wild

Fruit

Kandal

Wild

Fruit

Kandal

Wild

Fruit

KandalCucumis melo Melon
Cucumis melo Melon

Cultivar

SamrongTrorngCollected site
Village
Latitude &Altitude Source
Longitude(m) (Market name)
Tang Sreung N11-38-58.5 &64
Farmer
E104-11-53.5
Ang Vaer
N11-22-6.4 &70
Farmer
E104-31-15.7

Preak Toplob Spean Daek N11-15-34.5 &E105-15-47.8
Leurk Daek
Preak Toplob Spean Daek N11-15-34.5 &E105-15-47.8
Leurk Daek
Preak Toplob Spean Daek N11-15-34.5 &E105-15-47.8
Leurk Daek
Sorn Da
Chong Khos N10-58-53.7 &E105-10-40.3
Leurk Daek
Sorn Da
Chong Khos N10-58-53.7 &E105-10-40.3
Peam Jor
Khos Chek Khos Chek N11-3-50.9 &E105-12-47.0
Peam Jor
Svay Plous Sang Kros
N11-10-47.8 &E105-15-47.8
Krong Prey
KompongVillage no.4 N11-29-6.5 &
Veng
Leav
E105-19-17.8
Krong Prey
KompongVillage no.4 N11-29-6.5 &
Veng
Leav
E105-19-17.8
Krong Prey
KompongVillage no.4 N11-29-6.5 &
Veng
Leav
E105-19-17.8
Peam Jor
Khos Chek Khos Chek N11-3-50.9 &E105-12-47.0
Koh Thum
Chroy Keo Village no.9 N11-3-43.3 &E105-4-36.3
Peam Jor
Khos Chek Khos Chek N11-3-50.9 &E105-12-47.0
Peam Jor
Kohroka
Kohroka
N10-54-57.8 &E105-11-50.7
Peam Jor
Kohroka
Kohroka
N10-54-57.8 &E105-11-50.7
Peam Jor
Kohroka
Kohroka
N10-54-57.8 &E105-11-50.7
Koh Thum
Chrauy Keo Village no.4 N11-5-32.5 &E105-4-2.5
Koh Thum
Tnal Tang
Preak Jrei
N10-58-8.0 &You
E105-6-4.2
Koh Thum
Tnal Tang
Preak Jrei
N10-58-8.0 &You
E105-6-4.2
Ksach Kandal Pok Roussei Anhcheng
N11-42-58.7 &KromE105-6-8.6
Ksach Kandal Pok Roussei Anhcheng
N11-42-58.7 &KromE105-6-8.6
Ksach Kandal Pok Roussei Anhcheng
N11-42-58.7 &KromE105-6-8.6

Remarks

Yellow color with stripes on epicarp

10

Field

Yellow color with stripes on epicarp, Seeds wereintorduced from Ang Vaer villave near to the siteof no. 24
Weedy melon, Very small fruit size

10

Field

Weedy melon

10

Field

Weedy melon,

11

Field

Weedy melon

11

Field

Weedy melon

8

Field

Weedy melon

9

Field

Weedy bitter gourd

58Market (Prey
Veng)
Market (Prey
Veng)
Market (Prey
Veng)
Field

Fruit was transported from Kandal across the
Mekong River
Fruit was transported from Kandal across the
Mekong River
Fruit was transported from Kandal across the
Mekong River
Weedy melon

8

FarmerSeeds were collected from several fruits

8

Field

Weedy melon

10

Field

Weedy melon

10

Field

Weedy melon

10

Field

Weedy melon

20

Field

Weedy melon

1

Field

Weedy melon

1

Field

Weedy melon

-3

Field

Weedy melon

-3

Field

Weedy melon

-3

Field

Weedy melon, fruit size is larger than those ofnos. 115 and 116

55

Table 5. (Continued).
JP No. Sample
No.

Collected Species
date- 141 -

269644 17CJVC-118 10 Feb.,
2018269645 17CJVC-119 10 Feb.,
2018269646 17CJVC-120 10 Feb.,
2018269647 17CJVC-121 10 Feb.,
2018269648 17CJVC-122 10 Feb.,
2018269649 17CJVC-123 10 Feb.,
2018269650 17CJVC-124 10 Feb.,
2018269651 17CJVC-125 10 Feb.,
2018269652 17CJVC-126 10 Feb.,
2018269653 17CJVC-127 10 Feb.,
2018269654 17CJVC-128 10 Feb.,
2018269655 17CJVC-129 10 Feb.,
2018269656 17CJVC-130 10 Feb.,
2018269657 17CJVC-131 10 Feb.,
2018

Plant
name

Cucumis melo Melon
Cucumis melo Melon
Cucumis melo Melon
Cucumis melo Melon
Cucumis melo Melon
Cucumis melo Melon
Cucumis melo Melon
Cucumis melo Melon
Cucumis melo Melon
Cucumis melo Melon
Cucumis melo Melon
Cucumis melo Melon
Cucumis melo Melon
Cucumis melo Melon

Local name

Tror Sork
Thmea
Tror Sork
Thmea
Tror Sork
Thmea
Tror Sork
Thmea
Tror Sork
Thmea
Tror Sork
Thmea
Tror Sork
Thmea
Tror Sork
Thmea
Tror Sork
Thmea
Tror Sork
Thmea
Tror Sork
Thmea
Tror Sork
Thmea
Tror Sork
Thmea
Tror Sork
Thmea

Cultivar /wild /
improved

Collection

Wild

Province

District

CommuneFruit

KandalKsach Kandal Pok Roussei

Wild

Fruit

KandalKsach Kandal Pok Roussei

Wild

Fruit

KandalKsach Kandal Pok Roussei

Wild

Fruit

Kandal

Wild

Fruit

Kandal

Wild

Fruit

Kandal

Wild

Fruit

Kandal

Wild

Fruit

Kandal

Wild

Fruit

Kandal

Wild

Fruit

Kandal

Wild

Fruit

KandalKsach Kandal Koh
Chouraam
Ksach Kandal Koh
Chouraam
Ksach Kandal Koh
Chouraam
Ksach Kandal Koh
Chouraam
Ksach Kandal Koh
Chouraam
Ksach Kandal Koh
Chouraam
Ksach Kandal Koh
Chouraam
Ksach Kandal Pok Roussei

Wild

Fruit

KandalKsach Kandal Pok Roussei

Wild

Fruit

KandalKsach Kandal Pok Roussei

Wild

Fruit

KandalKsach Kandal Pok Roussei

Collected site
Village
Latitude &Altitude Source
Longitude(m) (Market name)Anhcheng
N11-42-58.7 &
-3
Field
Krom
E105-6-8.6
Anhcheng
N11-42-58.7 &
-3
Field
Krom
E105-6-8.6
Anhcheng
N11-42-58.7 &
-3
Field
Krom
E105-6-8.6
Krom
N11-48-51.3 &16
Field
E105-00-51.1
Krom
N11-48-51.3 &16
Field
E105-00-51.1
Krom
N11-48-51.3 &16
Field
E105-00-51.1
Krom
N11-48-51.3 &16
Field
E105-00-51.1
Krom
N11-48-51.3 &16
Field
E105-00-51.1
Krom
N11-48-51.3 &16
Field
E105-00-51.1
Krom
N11-48-51.3 &16
Field
E105-00-51.1
Anhcheng
N11-42-58.7 &
-3
Field
Krom
E105-6-8.6
Anhcheng
N11-42-58.7 &
-3
Field
Krom
E105-6-8.6
Anhcheng
N11-42-58.7 &
-3
Field
Krom
E105-6-8.6
Anhcheng
N11-42-58.7 &
-3
Field
Krom
E105-6-8.6

Remarks

Weedy melon, Plant grow in cultivated-melon
field
Weedy melon, Plant grow in cultivated-melon
field
Weedy melon, Plant grow in cultivated-melon
field
Weedy melon, Fruit was collected near corn field
Weedy melon, Fruit was collected near corn field
Weedy melon, Fruit was collected near corn field
Weedy melon, Fruit was collected near corn field
Weedy melon, Fruit was collected near corn field
Weedy melon, Fruit was collected near corn field
Weedy melon, Fruit was collected near corn field
Weedy melon
Weedy melon
Weedy melon
Weedy melon

Photo 1.
1. Bumpy
lowland,
Photo
Bumpyandandmuddy
muddyroads
roadsinin
Preah Vihear Province.
lowland, Preah Vihear Province.

Photo 2.
2. Neak
NeakLoeung
LoeungBridge
Bridgebetween
between
Photo
Kandal Province and Prey Veng Province
KandalProvince
Prey Veng Province
across the
MekongandRiver.
across the Mekong River.

Photo 3.
3. Paddy
Paddy field
Photo
fieldnear
nearthetheMekong
MekongRiver,KandalKandal
Province.
River,
Province.

Photo
Photo 4.
4. Tropicaltropical rain
rain forest
forestarea,
area,Koh
KohKong
Province.

Photo 5. Dried paddy field of improved
Photo
5. Dried paddy-field of improved
varietyon
onthethebrink
brinkofofharvest,
harvest,Kampot
Kampotvariety
Province.
Province.

Photo 6. Stilted house, Svay Rieng Province.
Photo 6. Stilted house, Svay Rieng Province.
Rice is dried under the sun in the dry season.

Photo 7.
7. Harvested
Harvested paddy
field ofofrice
Photopaddy-fieldrice
landrace, Koh Kong Province.
landrace, Koh Kong Province.

Photoplantation,
Kompong
Photo 8.
8. Sugarcane
Sugar caneplantation,
Kompong
Speu Province.

Kong Province.

Rice is dried under the sun in dry season.

Speu Province.

- 142 -

Photo9.9.Dorian
Dorianplantation,
KandalPhotoplantation,
KandalProvince.
Banana,jackfruit,andsapodilla
Province. Banana, jackfruit and sapodilla
are also
also cultivatedarecultivatedas
asplantation
plantationcrop.
crop.

Photo 10.
10. Fruits
plantation are
are
Photo
Fruits cultivatedcultivated as
at plantation
also
sold
in
the
neighboring
roadsidemarket,also sold in the neighbor roadside market,
Kandal Province.
Province.
KandalPhoto 11.
11. Vegetable
at Leu,Sihanoukville
Photo
Vegetableshop
shop
at Leu,City.
Sihanoukville city.

Photo 12.
12. Fish
Fish sellers
Photosellers inin thethemarket
marketnear
nearthesea, Koh Kong Province.
the sea, Koh Kong Province.

Photo13.
13.Vegetable
Vegetablepickles
pickles
at thePhotosoldsoldat themarket, Koh
Koh Kong
Kong Province.
Province. Leafy
andfruit
fruit
market,Leaf andvegetablearecommonly
madeas
pickle.
vegetable are commonly made as pickle.

Photo 14.
14. Fish
Photo
Fishprocessing
processingtotomake
makefermented
fermented
food. FermentedFermented fishes
used
in in
food.
fishesarearecommonlycommonlyusedCambodia
and
sold
at
the
markets.
Cambodia and sold at the markets.

Photo15.
15. Immature
Immaturecucumber
cucumberfruit
fruit
Photo
of of
improved variety
variety soldimprovedsold inin thethe market,
market, Svay
Svay
Rieng Province.
Province.
Rieng

Photo 16.
16. Immature
Immature fruit
fruit ofofbitter
bittergourd
gourd
Photo
landracessold
soldininthe
themarket,
market,Koh
KohKongKonglandraces
Province.
Province.

- 143 -

Photo 17.
17. Flower
sold
in in
Photo
Flowerand
andleaf
leafofofpumpkin
pumpkinsold
the market, Kandal Province.
the market, Kandal Province.

Photo 18.
18. Immature
Photo
Immaturemelon
melonfruit
fruitofofimproved
varietysoldinthemarket,Takeo
Province.
improved variety sold in the market,
Takeo Province.

Photo 19.
19. Mature
Photo
Mature fruits
fruits ofof cultivar
cultivar melon
melon soldin theKampotProvince.
TwoTwomelon
soldin market,
the market,
KampotProvince.
fruitsshown
inbottomleft
wereregisteredasmelon fruits of them of bottom left were
“17CJVC-56”
and“17CJVC-57.”
registered as “17CJVC-56” and “-57”Photo
20. Mature
Maturefruit
fruitofof
progeny
Photo 20.
progeny
of of
improved“17CJVC-40”toimproved melon
melon varieties
variety “17CJVC-40”
to“17CJVC-43”soldsoldininthe
themarket,
market,Takeo
Takeo“17CJVC-43”
Province.
Province.

Photo 21.
Photo
21. Farmerʼs
Farmers’house,house,Kampot
Kanpot Province.
Province.
Interview wasseeds ofInterview
was conductedconducted forfor stored
stored-seedsofmelon“17CJVC-35”
shown
in
the
samplemelon “17CJVC-35” showing sample
photo.

Photo 22.
22. Melon
Melon fruit
fruit“17CJVC-80”“17CJVC-80”with
with
Photo
farmer andandresearchresearchassistant,assistant,KohKong
farmerKoh
Kong
Province.
Province.

Photo 23.
23. Stored-seeds
Stored seeds ofof“17CJVC-69”“17CJVC-69”toto
Photo“17CJVC-72”
and“17CJVC-75,”“17CJVC-72” and “17CJVC-75”,Koh
KohKong
Province.
Kong
Province.

Photo 24.
24. Stored
seeds ofof“17CJVC-38”
in a
Photo
Stored-seeds
Stored-seed ofplastic bottle with air holes.
“17CJVC-38” in a plastic bottle with air holes.

photo.

- 144 -

Photo 25. Stored seeds of “17CJVC-11” toPhoto
25. Stored-seeds of “17CJVC-11” to“17CJVC-13” at a farmerʼs house.
“17CJVC-13” at farmer’ house.

Photo
26. Ten melon-seeds of “17CJVC-2”
measured.
measured.

Photo 26. Ten melon seeds of “17CJVC-2”

Photo 27. Wild melon “17CJVC-96.”
Photo
27. Wild melon “17CJVC-96”.

Photo 28. Fruit of wild melon “17CJVC-96.”
Photo
28. Fruit of wild melon “17CJVC-96”.

Photo 29.
29. Melon
Photo
Melonfield
fieldandandseedlings
seedlingsatatseven7days after sowing, Koh Kong Province.
days after sowing, Koh Kong Province

Photo 30.
30. Melon
Photo
Melon cultivation
cultivationatatAndong
Andongtmor
tmor
village, Koh Kong Province.
village, Koh Kong Province.

Photo31.
31. Melon
Melon cultivation
cultivation atatSvay
SvayPrePre
Photovillage,Koh
KohKong
KongProvince.
Province.“17CJVC“17CJVCvillage,
78,”“-79“17CJVC-79,”
andcollected“17CJVC-80”
78”,
and “-80” wereat thewere collected at the field.
field.

Photo .32.
32. Pickle
ofof
immature
melon
fruitfruitsoldsold
Photo
Pickleimmature
melon
at thethe market
marketatatone
oneweek
weekafter
afterprocessing,processing,Koh
at
Koh Kong
Province.
Kong
Province.

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Photo33.
33.Home-madeHomemade pickle
Photo
pickle ofof immature
immature
melonatatone
oneyearyearafter
afterprocessing.
processing. Upper
Upper
melon
surfacewas
wascoveredby rice bran,surfacecoveredby rice-bran,
as asshownininbottom-rightbottom-right photo.
shown
photo.

Photo 34.
34. Field
Field ofof aafruit
fruittree
treeandandbanana.
banana.
Photo
Seedlings ofofwildwildmelons
melonswere
wereobserved
observedatat
Seedlings
the field,
field, asas shown
theshown ininbottom-rightbottom-rightphoto.
photo.

Photo35.
35.Seedlings
Seedlings ofof wild
wild melon
melon observed
observed
Photo
at
the
side
of
the
road.
The
seedlings
at the side of the road. The seedlings cancanbebe foundin bottom leftof theand
photo
are
found
in bottom-leftof photo
areandenlargedin the right-bottom
photo.
inenlarged
right-bottom
photo.

P h o t o36.3 6Collecting. C o l l e c t wild
i o n omelon
f w i l“17CJVCd melon
Photo“17CJVC-113”
and“17CJVC-114”
on farm
113” and “-114” on farm road neighboringroadneighboringapaddy
field,
Kandal.
paddy field, Kandal.

Photo37.
37.Wild
Wildmelon
melon“17CJVC-118”
Photo“CJVC-118”
and “and“17CJVC-119”on
melon variety,field of119” on melon field of improved
improved variety, Kandal.
Kandal.

Photo 38. Wild melons collected during the

5.0cm
Photo 38. Wild melons collected during
day in Kandal Province.
the day in Kandal Province.

10.0cmPhoto39.
39. Melon
Photo
Melonfruit
fruitofof“17CJVC-56”“17CJVC-56”
collected in Kampot Province.
collected in Kampot Province.

Photo 40.
40. Gelatinous
Gelatinous sheaths
sheaths coloredcoloredby
byorange
Photoorange thearoundtheofseedsof fruit
melonofaroundseeds
melon
of fruit“17CJVC“17CJVC-56.”
56”.

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