⅔≀⌮ࡢ◊✲ࠉ➨ྕࠉ㸦ᖺ᭶㸧➨  ᅇ⅔≀⌮ኟᏘࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ሗ࿌!
 ⱝᡭ◊✲఍ሗ࿌✵㛫౫Ꮡື≉ᛶ᪉⛬ᘧ࡬ࡢ .U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡢ㐺⏝ྡྂᒇ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔 ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ ࣐ࢸࣜ࢔ࣝ⌮ᕤᏛᑓᨷ
ಟኈㄢ⛬  ᖺ ᒣ᰿◊✲ᐊ  క 㞝୍㑻1ᗎㄽ
ཎᏊ⅔ࡢ㐣Ώゎᯒࢆṇ☜࡟⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ⅔ᚰࡢᏳ඲ホ౯ࡢࡓࡵ࡟㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡞㡯┠ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

 ᖺ௦ึ㢌࡟ࡣィ⟬ᶵ㈨※ࡢ㠃࠿ࡽࠊື≉ᛶ᪉⛬ᘧࢆ┤᥋ゎࡃࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ✵㛫౫Ꮡᛶࢆ㏆ఝࡋ࡚ᢅ࠺  Ⅼ⅔ࣔࢹࣝࡀࡼࡃ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ Ⅼ⅔ࣔࢹࣝࡣゎᯒయ⣔࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ィ⟬್ࡢ୙☜ᐃᛶࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿ>@ࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࠊᐇᶵཎᏊ⅔࡟ᑐࡍࡿᏳ඲ホ౯ゎᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊゎᯒ᮲௳࡟ᑐ
ࡋ࡚ಖᏲⓗ࡞タᐃࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ Ⅼ⅔ື≉ᛶࣔࢹࣝࡢ୙☜ᐃᛶࢆ⿵࠺ሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࡢゎᯒ᮲௳ࡀ㐣ᗘ࡟ಖᏲⓗ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊᏳ඲ホ౯࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁỴᐃࡉࢀࡿཎᏊ⅔ࡢ㐠㌿᮲௳ཬࡧ⅔ᚰタィࡀไ⣙ࡉࢀࠊཎᏊ⅔ࡢ⤒῭ᛶࢆపୗࡉࡏࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ⅔ᚰࡢᏳ඲ᛶࢆಖࡕࡘࡘ⤒῭ᛶࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿ
ࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ✵㛫౫Ꮡࡢ㏆ఝࢆ⾜ࢃ࡞࠸ࠊࡼࡾゎᯒ⢭ᗘࡀ㧗࠸✵㛫౫Ꮡື≉ᛶࣔࢹࣝࡀ⌧ᅾࡢ⅔ᚰタィ࡟ᑟධࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ✵㛫౫Ꮡື≉ᛶࣔࢹࣝࡢィ⟬ࢥࢫࢺࡣ㧗࠸ࡢࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ✵㛫౫Ꮡᛶࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓཎᏊ⅔ࡢື≉ᛶゎᯒᡭἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ㝜ゎἲ>@ࠊ୍⯡໬ࣝࣥࢤ࣭ࢡࢵࢱἲ>@>@ࠊ
ȟἲ>@>@ࠊ࿘Ἴᩘኚ᥮ἲ>@>@ࡸ 6&0 ἲ>@>@>@ࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㏆ᖺࠊィ⟬⌮ᕤᏛࡢศ㔝୍࡛㝵ࡢᖖᚤศ᪉⛬ᘧࡢ㧗㏿ィ⟬ᡭἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ.U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲ>@>@>@ࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ.U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࢆື≉ᛶ᪉⛬ᘧ࡟⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢ᪉ἲࡼࡾࡶࠊ㧗㏿࡟ィ⟬࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ
◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ.U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡢື≉ᛶ᪉⛬ᘧ࡬ࡢ㐺⏝ᛶࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ2ᚑ᮶ἲ ✵㛫࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㞳ᩓ໬ࡋࡓ✵㛫౫Ꮡື≉ᛶ᪉⛬ᘧࢆ⡆᫆ⓗ࡟⾲グࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ  ᘧࡢࡼ࠺࡞⾜ิᙧᘧ࡛⾲グࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
&&d\ tA t \ t dtࡇࡇ࡛ࠊ&\ t A t  R nun 㸸᫬้ t ࡟࠾ࡅࡿಀᩘ⾜ิ ⾜ิࢧ࢖ࢬࡀ n u n  n 㸸n * 㸸࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮⩌ᩘ

 0 㸸㐜Ⓨඛ⾜᰾✀ᩘ 㸸᫬้ t ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ୰ᛶᏊ᮰࡜㐜Ⓨඛ⾜᰾ᐦᗘ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ࣋ࢡࢺࣝ
QXPEHURIPHVK GLPHQVLRQ*㸩 QXPEHURIPHVK GLPHQVLRQ0࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍⯡໬ࣝࣥࢤ࣭ࢡࢵࢱἲࠊ㝜ゎἲࠊȟἲ࡞࡝ࠊ⌧ᅾ୺࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ✵㛫౫Ꮡື≉ᛶࡢゎἲࡣࠊ ᘧࡢᕥ㎶ࢆᕪศ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ  ᘧࡢィ⟬ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊᚑ᮶ἲࡢ௦⾲࡜ࡋ࡚ ȟ ἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋȟἲࡢᕪศ᪉ἲࢆ  ᘧ࡟♧ࡍࠋ

⅔≀⌮ࡢ◊✲ࠉ➨ྕࠉ㸦ᖺ᭶㸧&&&d\ t \ t  't  \ t|dt't&&TA t  't \ t  't    T A t \ t  ȟἲࡣ࠾࠾ࡊࡗࡥ࡟ゝ࠺࡜ࠊ㝧ゎἲ࡜㝜ゎἲࡢᖹᆒࢆࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋȟ  ࡛ࡣ㝜ゎἲ࡟࡞ࡾࠊȟ ࡛ࡣ㝧ゎἲ࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊȟ  ࡛ࡣࠊࢡࣛࣥࢡ࣭ࢽࢥࣝࢯࣥἲ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ  ᘧࢆぢࡿ࡜ࠊᖖᚤศ᪉⛬ᘧࡀ㐃❧୍ḟ᪉⛬ᘧ࡟ᖐ╔ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ✵㛫౫Ꮡື≉ᛶ᪉⛬ᘧࡢィ⟬᫬㛫ࡣ㐃❧୍ḟ᪉⛬ᘧࡢィ⟬᫬㛫࡟ᙉࡃ౫Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㐃❧୍ḟ᪉⛬ᘧࡢィ⟬᫬㛫ࢆ▷ࡃࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᵝࠎ࡞ຍ㏿ἲࡀ⪃᱌ࡉࢀࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡶࡇࢀࡽࡢᡭἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ3Krylov 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲ.U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡣࠊ✵㛫౫Ꮡື≉ᛶ᪉⛬ᘧࡢ㐃❧୍ḟ᪉⛬ᘧࡢゎἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡼࡃ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᮏ◊✲࡛⏝࠸ࡿ .U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡣࠊ௨ୗ࡟♧ࡍᣦᩘ⾜ิࡢィ⟬᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᚑ᮶ࡢ㐃❧୍ḟ᪉⛬ᘧ࡬ࡢ㐺⏝࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࠋᚑ᮶ἲࡣࠊ᫬㛫ᚤศࢆᕪศ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ィ⟬ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ.U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡣ  ᘧࡢᕥ㎶ࢆᕪศ໬ࡏࡎ࡟ࠊ  ᘧࢆゎᯒⓗ࡟ゎ࠸ࡓ  ᘧࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ&&\ t  't H[S>'tA@\ t   

 ࡇࡇ࡛ࠊ

H[S>'tA@ 㸸ಀᩘ⾜ิࡢᣦᩘ⾜ิ ࢱ࢖࣒ࢫࢸࢵࣉᖜ㸸 't ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᣦᩘ⾜ิࡣ  ᘧࡢࡼ࠺࡞↓㝈⣭ᩘ࡛ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡿࠋ

H[S>'tA@ { I  'tA 'tA f'tA kkk ¦ ᣦᩘ⾜ิࡢィ⟬᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࢸ࢖࣮ࣛᒎ㛤ࠊ3DGp ㏆ఝἲࠊ6FKXU ศゎ࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡣ୺࡟ᑠつᶍᐦ⾜ิࡢ㐺⏝࡟㐺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ✵㛫౫Ꮡື≉ᛶ᪉⛬ᘧ࡟⌧ࢀࡿ኱つᶍ␯⾜ิࡢྲྀᢅ࡟ࡣ
.U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡢ㐺⏝ࡀ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿ>@> @> @ࠋᣦᩘ⾜ิ࡟㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡓ .U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡣࠊᵝࠎ࡞ศ㔝࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࠊྛศ㔝࡛ᡂຌࢆ཰ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ>@>@ࠋ.U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡣ௨ୗࡢ  ࡘࡢ฼Ⅼࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ✵㛫࡟㛵ࡍࡿ཯᚟ィ⟬ࡢᚲせࡀ࡞࠸㸦㐃❧୍ḟ᪉⛬ᘧࢆゎࡃᚲせࡀ࡞࠸㸧 ኱つᶍ␯⾜ิࢆᑠつᶍᐦ⾜ิ࡟ኚ᥮ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ
୍ࡘࡢ┠ࡢ .U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡢ฼Ⅼࡣ㝧ゎἲࡢ≉ᚩ࡜ఝ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ.U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡣ㝧ゎἲ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࠊ✵㛫࣭࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡟㛵ࡍࡿ཯᚟ィ⟬ࢆ⾜ࢃࡎࠊᚑࡗ࡚ࠊ཰᮰ຍ㏿ἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡿᚲせࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ㝧ゎἲ⮬యࡣࢱ࢖࣒ࢫࢸࢵࣉᖜ 't ࢆ㠀ᖖ࡟ᑠࡉࡃࡋ࡞࠸࡜ṇࡋ࠸ゎࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ✵㛫౫Ꮡື≉ᛶ᪉⛬ᘧࡢゎἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࠋ  ஧ࡘ┠ࡢ .U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡢ฼Ⅼ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ౛࠼ࡤᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ⾜ิࡢせ⣲ࡀ î ࡢ⾜ิࢆࠊ.U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ î ࡢ⾜ิ࡟ኚ᥮ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ& 㒊ศ✵㛫ᩘ m ࡢ .U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ࡣࠊ ᘧࡢࡼ࠺࡟⾜ิ 'tA ࡜࣋ࢡࢺࣝ\ t ࡢ✚࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ✵㛫࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

&K m 'tA\ t^`&&&&Span \ t  'tA \ t  'tA \ t    'tA m \ t ࡇࡇ࡛ࠊ
K m  㸸㒊ศ✵㛫ᩘ m ࡢ .U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫

Span 㸸࣋ࢡࢺࣝ✵㛫࡟࠾ࡅࡿᇶᗏ࣋ࢡࢺࣝ

 

⅔≀⌮ࡢ◊✲ࠉ➨ྕࠉ㸦ᖺ᭶㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
 .U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡢィ⟬ᡭ㡰ࡣ኱ࡲ࠿࡟௨ୗࡢ  ࡘ࡟ศࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ.U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡢィ⟬ᡭ㡰ࡢᴫᛕᅗࢆᅗ  ࡟♧ࡍࠋ 㒊ศ✵㛫࡬ࡢኚ᥮㸦኱つᶍ␯⾜ิࢆᑠつᶍᐦ⾜ิ࡟ᅽ⦰㸧 㒊ศ✵㛫ෆࡢᣦᩘ⾜ิࡢィ⟬㸦ᑠつᶍᐦ⾜ิࡢᣦᩘ⾜ิࡢィ⟬㸧 ඖࡢ✵㛫࡬ࡢኚ᥮㸦ᑠつᶍᐦ⾜ิࡢᒎ㛤㸧.U\ORY㒊ศ✵㛫ἲᚑ᮶䛾᪉ἲ⾜ิ⾜ิᅽ⦰㒊ศ✵㛫䛻ᅽ⦰཯᚟ἲ䜢౑⏝୰ᛶᏊ᮰䜢ィ⟬ᅽ⦰䛧䛯⾜ิ୰ᛶᏊ᮰ ᒎ㛤䛷ᣦᩘ⾜ิ䜢ィ⟬䜢ィ⟬཯᚟ἲ䜢୙౑⏝ᅗ  .U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲ࡜ᚑ᮶ἲࡢィ⟬ᡭ㡰ࡢ㐪࠸ᮏᩥ❶࡛ࡣ࣮࣌ࢪࡢ㒔ྜୖࠊྛ㒊ศࡢィ⟬⌮ㄽࡣ┬␎ࡍࡿࠋヲ⣽ࡣཧ⪃ᩥ⊩>@ࢆཧ↷ࡢࡇ࡜ࠋ ᮏ◊✲࡛㛤Ⓨࡋࡓィ⟬ࢥ࣮ࢻࡢ≉ᚩࢆ௨ୗ࡟♧ࡍࠋ .U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲ࡟ࡼࡿື≉ᛶィ⟬ .U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ෆࡢィ⟬ࡣ 3DGp ㏆ఝ࡜ VFDOLQJDQGVTXDULQJ ἲࢆ౑⏝ ȟἲ࡟ࡼࡿື≉ᛶィ⟬㸦.U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲ࡜ࡢィ⟬᫬㛫࣭ィ⟬⢭ᗘࡢẚ㍑ࡢࡓࡵ㸧
 &RDUVHPHVKILQLWHGLIIHUHQFH ἲ>@࡜ IL[HGVRXUFHVFDOLQJIDFWRU ἲ>@࡟ࡼࡿȟἲࡢຍ㏿ ᭷㝈ᕪศἲ࡟ࡼࡿ୕ḟඖ⅔ᚰィ⟬4. ᳨ドィ⟬
.U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡢィ⟬⢭ᗘཬࡧィ⟬᫬㛫ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ 7:,*/ ࣋ࣥࢳ࣐࣮ࢡၥ㢟>@ࢆ᳨ドィ⟬࡟⏝࠸ࡿࠋ7:,*/ ࣋ࣥࢳ࣐࣮ࢡၥ㢟ࡣࢫࢸࢵࣉ≧࡜ࣛࣥࣉ≧ࡢ཯ᛂᗘࡢᢞධ᪉ἲࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࢫࢸࢵࣉ≧ࡢࡳࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ7:,*/ ࣋ࣥࢳ࣐࣮ࢡၥ㢟ࡣᅗ  ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡞  ḟඖࡢ࣋ࣥࢳ࣐࣮ࢡၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣྛᡭἲࡢయ⣔ࡢ኱ࡁࡉ࡟క࠺ィ⟬᫬㛫ࡢቑຍࡢഴྥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ᳨ウࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ7:,*/ ࣋ࣥࢳ࣐࣮ࢡၥ㢟ࢆከᑡኚ᭦ࡋࡓᅗ aᅗ  ࡢሙྜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶィ⟬ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᅗ  ࡣࠊ࢜ࣜࢪࢼࣝࡢ  ⅔ᚰࢆ඲⅔ᚰ࡟ᣑᙇࢆࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ࡜ࡁࠊቃ⏺᮲௳ࢆኚ᭦ࡍࡿࡇ
࡜࡛ࠊඖࡢ 7:,*/ ࣋ࣥࢳ࣐࣮ࢡၥ㢟ࡢィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡜➼ࡋࡃ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࡓࠋᅗ  ཬࡧ  ࡣ  ḟඖ 
࡜඲⅔ᚰ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢィ⟬య⣔ࡶୖ➃࡜ୗ➃ࢆ཯ᑕ᮲௳࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊඖࡢ 7:,*/ ࣋ࣥࢳ࣐࣮ࢡၥ㢟࡜ィ⟬⤖ᯝࡀ➼ࡋࡃ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࡓࠋ

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ᅗ  7:,*/ ࣋ࣥࢳ࣐࣮ࢡၥ㢟    ᅗ   ḟඖ඲⅔ᚰ YHUᅗ   ḟඖ  ⅔ᚰ YHU          ᅗ   ḟඖ඲⅔ᚰ YHUྛィ⟬య⣔ࡢ࣓ࢵࢩࣗᖜࡣ 'x  'y  'zcm  cm  cm ࡜ࡋࠊ✵㛫ࡢ㞳ᩓ໬ࡢ᪉ἲࡣ᭷㝈ᕪศἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊィ⟬࡟ࡣಸ⢭ᗘᾋືᑠᩘⅬࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ.U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡢ㒊ศ✵㛫ᩘ m ࡜ࢱ࢖࣒ࢫࢸࢵࣉᖜ 't ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ  ࡜ PV ࡟タᐃࡋࡓࠋࡇ
ࡢ್ࡣࠊ஦๓࡟ឤᗘゎᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋȟἲࡢࢱ࢖࣒ࢫࢸࢵࣉᖜࡣࡇࡢ᫬ࡢ .U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲ 't ms  m ࡢィ⟬⢭ᗘ࡜ྠ➼࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ឤᗘゎᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࠊPV ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ.U\ORY㒊ศ✵㛫ἲ࡜ȟἲࡢᅗ  ࡢィ⟬⤖ᯝࢆ⾲  ࡟♧ࡍࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ➹⪅ࡀసᡂࡋࡓ .U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡢィ⟬㒊ศ࡟ࡣࠊ࣓ࣔࣜ࢔ࢡࢭࢫࡢࢫࢺࣛ࢖ࢻࡀ༑ศ࡟ᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜ࡇࢁࡀᩘ⟠ᡤ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࡇࢆᨵၿࡍࢀࡤࡉࡽ࡟ィ⟬᫬㛫ࢆ▷⦰࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ༑ศ࡟࠶ࡿࠋ

⅔≀⌮ࡢ◊✲ࠉ➨ྕࠉ㸦ᖺ᭶㸧⾲  7:,*/ ࣋ࣥࢳ࣐࣮ࢡၥ㢟ࡢィ⟬⤖ᯝ ィ⟬య⣔㸸ᅗ  䝯䝑䝅䝳ᩘ䝍䜲䝮䝇䝔䝑䝥ᖜ PV┦ᑐฟຊVVVVVV┦ᑐィ⟬᫬㛫

$(71$>@([SLFLWPHWKRG㽢TPHWKRGT 㽢.U\ORYP 㽢 ⾲  ࡼࡾࠊከ㡯ᘧゎᯒⓗࣀ࣮ࢻἲ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ $(71$ ࢥ࣮ࢻࡢィ⟬⤖ᯝ>@࡜ࠊ⮬సࡢィ⟬ࢥ࣮ࢻࡢィ⟬⤖ᯝࡀⰋࡃ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ⮬సࡢィ⟬ࢥ࣮ࢻࡢጇᙜᛶࢆ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࠋᅗ  ࡢィ⟬య⣔࡛ࡣࠊ.U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡣȟἲ࡟ࡃࡽ࡭ࠊࢱ࢖࣒ࢫࢸࢵࣉᖜࢆ኱ࡁࡃฟ᮶࡚࠸ࡿ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊィ⟬᫬㛫ࢆከࡃᚲせ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ḟ࡟ࠊィ⟬య⣔ࢆ኱ᆺ໬ࡋࡓᅗ a ࡢィ⟬⤖ᯝࢆᅗ  ࡟♧ࡍࠋ
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┦ᑐィ⟬᫬㛫 .U\ORYș(( ((䝯䝑䝅䝳ᩘᅗ  య⣔ࡢ኱ᆺ໬࡟క࠺ .U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲ࡜ȟἲࡢィ⟬᫬㛫ࡢẚࡢኚ⛣ᅗ  ࡼࡾࠊ.U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡣȟἲ࡟ẚ࡭ࠊィ⟬య⣔ࡢ኱ᆺ໬࡟క࠺ィ⟬᫬㛫ࡢቑຍ㔞ࡀᑠࡉ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡾࠊᅗ  ࡢ  ḟඖ඲⅔ᚰࡢィ⟬య⣔࡛ࡣࠊȟἲࡢ⣙༙ศ⛬ᗘࡢ᫬㛫࡛ィ⟬ฟ᮶࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽィ⟬య⣔ࡀ኱ᆺ໬ࡋࡓ᫬ࡣࠊȟἲࡼࡾࡶ .U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡢ᪉ࡀ▷࠸᫬㛫࡛ゎࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࡇࡢ┦ᑐィ⟬᫬㛫ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊ௒ᅇ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࢥ࣮ࢻ
ࡢ .U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡢ࣓ࣔࣜ࢔ࢡࢭࢫࢆᨵⰋࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ.U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡢィ⟬᫬㛫ࡀࡉࡽ࡟▷ࡃ࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ༑ศ࡟࠶ࡿࠋ

⅔≀⌮ࡢ◊✲ࠉ➨ྕࠉ㸦ᖺ᭶㸧

 .U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡢィ⟬᫬㛫ࡣࠊ୺࡟኱つᶍ␯⾜ิ࠿ࡽᑠつᶍᐦ⾜ิ࡟ኚ᥮ࡍࡿ㒊ศ࡜㒊ศ✵㛫ෆࡢᣦᩘ⾜ิࡢィ⟬ࡢ  ࡘ࡟ศࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ࡜ࡁࠊ㒊ศ✵㛫ෆࡢᣦᩘ⾜ิࡢィ⟬ࡣࠊ.U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ᩘ m ࡢࡳ࡟౫Ꮡࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼࡟ࠊ.U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡢィ⟬᫬㛫ࡣ㒊ศ✵㛫ᩘ࡟ࡶ౫Ꮡࡍࡿࠋ.U\ORY㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡢィ⟬ㄗᕪࡢୖ⏺ࢆ  ᘧ࡟♧ࡍ>@>@ࠋ­ &§  m  ·¨¸
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࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᘧ࠿ࡽศ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ.U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡢィ⟬ㄗᕪࡣඖࡢ⾜ิࡢ኱ࡁࡉ࡟ࡣ౫Ꮡࡏࡎࠊඖࡢ⾜ิࡢࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ༙ࣝᚄ࡟౫Ꮡࡍࡿࠋ୍⯡ⓗ࡟ࠊ㞳ᩓ໬ࡉࢀࡓື≉ᛶ᪉⛬ᘧ⾜ิࡢࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ༙ࣝᚄࡣࠊ࣓ࢵ
ࢩࣗᖜࡢ㏫ᩘ࡟ẚ౛ࡍࡿࠋ࣓ࢵࢩࣗᩘࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ࣓ࢵࢩࣗᖜࡀኚ໬ࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ༙ࣝᚄࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ኚ໬ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ࣓ࢵࢩࣗᖜࡀኚ໬ࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ  ᘧࡼࡾィ⟬⢭ᗘࡣኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ㒊ศ✵㛫ᩘࢆቑࡸࡉ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶࡼ࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ.U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡢ㒊ศ✵㛫ෆࡢᣦᩘ⾜ิࡢィ⟬ࢥࢫࢺࡣࠊ࣓ࢵࢩࣗᖜࡀྠࡌ࡛࠶ࢀࡤィ⟬య⣔࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊィ⟬య⣔ࡢ኱ᆺ໬࡟క࠺ィ⟬᫬㛫ࡢቑຍࡀȟἲࡼࡾᑠࡉ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠸࠼ࡿࠋ
๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ༙ࣝᚄࡣ࣓ࢵࢩࣗᖜࡢ㏫ᩘ࡟ẚ౛ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ࣓ࢵࢩࣗᖜࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ༙ࣝᚄࡣᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᑡ࡞࠸㒊ศ✵㛫ᩘ࡛⢭ᗘࡼࡃィ⟬࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ.U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡣ࣓ࢵࢩࣗᖜࡀ኱ࡁࡃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㏆௦ࣀ࣮ࢻἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊȟἲࡼࡾࡶࡼࡾຠ⋡ⓗ࡟ィ⟬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡿ࡜᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋ 7:,*/ ࣋ࣥࢳ࣐࣮ࢡၥ㢟᳨࡛ドィ⟬ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢィ⟬᮲௳࡛ .U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡢᩘ್୙Ᏻᐃᛶࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋⱝᡭ◊✲఍ࡢⓎ⾲᫬࡟ࡣࡇࡢཎᅉࡀࡣࡗࡁࡾ࡜ࡣศ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊ◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᩘ್୙Ᏻᐃᛶࡢཎᅉ࡜ᢚไ᮲௳ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣᏛ఍࡟࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡍࡿணᐃ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊᮏᩥ❶࡛ࡣ๭ឡࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃࠋ

5. 䜎䛸䜑ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ.U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࢆ✵㛫౫Ꮡື≉ᛶ᪉⛬ᘧ࡟㐺⏝ࡋࡓࠋ.U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡣᚑ᮶ἲࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ᫬㛫࡟㛵ࡍࡿᚤศࢆᕪศ໬ࡋ࡚ᢅ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᚤศ᪉⛬ᘧࡢゎᯒゎ࡛࠶ࡿᣦᩘ⾜ิࢆ┤᥋ィ⟬ࡍࡿࠋ.U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲ࡟ࡣ✵㛫࡟㛵ࡋ࡚཯᚟ࡀᚲせ࡞࠸Ⅼ࡜ࠊ኱つᶍ␯⾜ิၥ㢟ࢆᑠつᶍᐦ⾜ิ࡟ኚ᥮࡛ࡁࡿ≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ.U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡣᚑ᮶ἲࡼࡾࡶ㧗㏿࡟ィ⟬࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ.U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡢ᭷⏝ᛶࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ7:,*/ ࣋ࣥࢳ࣐࣮ࢡၥ㢟᳨࡛ドィ⟬ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ᳨ドィ⟬ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ.U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡣィ⟬⢭ᗘ࣭ィ⟬᫬㛫ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࠊᚑ᮶ἲࡼࡾࡶඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋ
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ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ.U\ORY 㒊ศ✵㛫ἲࡢィ⟬㏿ᗘࢆࡼࡾ㧗㏿໬࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
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