Introduction of Three Modes of handling LCO2- A viable option contributing to the realization of a CCS Value Chain

Anders Lepsøe
CEO, Knutsen NYK Carbon Carriers AS
4th Mar ©2024

2Key features of the CCS value chain
Image: GCCSI• Waste management• Scale game

• Capital intensive• Long term commitments©

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Key message
PART 1 : Introduction of KNCC and the three modes for LCO2 in the CCS VC✓ KNCC is NYK’s and Knutsen’s gateway for LCO2 shipping✓ KNCC is offering also EP technology for shipping and onshore storage

PART 2 : Qualitative comparison of the three modes and why EP is a viable option✓ EP is a favorable option from a holistic approach, taking commercial,technical matters and operational risk into consideration

PART 3 : KNCC’s technical development✓ KNCC is continuing to progress on all three modes✓ Deep CO2 knowledge inhouse©

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Part 1 :Introduction of KNCC and the threemodes for LCO2 in the CCS VC©

5Strong and long term owners of KNCC

• Global logistics enterprise with terminalsand vessels for most forms of maritime
transport• Extensive experience in cryogenictransport (LNG/LPG/etc)• Ambitious green transition objectives• Pioneered shuttle tanker market• Unique track record of operational
performance and know-how ofcomplicated offshore operations• Gas and LCO2 transport technology
development and marine engineering©

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Scope of Business©

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Our unique market approach
KNCC offers
ModeTemperature

Pressure

Scope

Vessel capacity

Tank

EP

0 to 10 degC

34 to 45 bar

TtT, DIO, FSIU

7,500-80,000cbm

Cargo Tank Cylinders (CTC)

MP-30 to -25 degC

15 to 18 bar

TtT

7,500-20,000cbm

Type-C tanks

LP-50 to -45 degC6 to 10 bar

TtT

20,000-80,000cbm

Type-C tanks

TtT: Terminal to Terminal

DiO: Direct injection Offshore

FSIU: Floating Storage Injection Unit©

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Examples of vessel designs
Wide offering to match the various project requirements
Elevated Pressure (EP)

Medium Pressure (MP)Low Pressure (LP)Capacity

LOA

BreadthDraft

Capacity

LOA

BreadthDraft

Capacity

LOA

BreadthDraft

20,000cbm

190m

30m

9.5m

7,500cbm

130m

22m

7.5m

40,000cbm

230m

35.3m

11.4m

40,000cbm

225m

42.5m

11.0m

12,000cbm

150m

25m

8.5m

50,000cbm

235m

38m

11.5m50,000cbm

265m

42.5m

11.4m

20,000cbm

190m

30m

9.0m

80,000cbm

300m

46m

12.0m

80,000cbm

300m

50m

12.0m

© Knutsen NYK Carbon Carriers©Copyright Mitsubishi Shipbuilding Co., Ltd.

©Copyright Mitsubishi Shipbuilding Co., Ltd.

©

9Vessel design for EP©

10Completing the value chain-onshore/offshore storage with EPSource : Pilot Energy’s Cliff Head CO2 Storage Project

Onshore temporary storage with EP CTC

Floating temporary storage on barge with EP CTC

FSIU (Floating storage and injection units) with EP CTC©

11Part 2 :Qualitative comparison of the threemodes and why EP is a viable option©

12① Operation Matters
Safety margin across the CCS VC• Important to keep buffer from dry ice point (triple point)• Impurities impact the CO2 phase envelope and operating range varies

Source : Clarkson©

13② Energy Consumption
Lower energy consumption per ton-CO2 across the VC• Cooling and heating is more energy intensive than pressurizing• Injection must at be at ambient temperature and very high pressure

Mode

Liquefaction

Temporarystorage/cargohandling

Marinetransportation

Temporarystorage/cargohandlingPre-heating &boosting priorinjection

CCS VCTOTAL

EP+++++++MP++

+++++

++

++

LP++++++

+++

+++

+++

(*small vsl only)

+

©

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③ Transporting efficiency
ModeEPMPLPDensity

930kg/cbm

1050kg/cbm

1150kg/cbm

Loading Volume(98% at 20,000cbm)

18,228ton

20,580ton(-19.1% vs LP)(-8.7% vs LP)

22,540ton

Heel<1%5-10%5-10%

Net transporting volume

18,046ton

19,036ton(apply heel 7.5% or LP, MP and 1% for EP)(-13.4% vs LP)(-8.7% vs LP)

20,850ton

Key Facts: LP is more efficient in transportation volume. Required heel for EP is lower.
•Design of tanks : EP using CTCs can drain all the CO2 due to it’s unique design (patent filed)•Heel as coolant : EP does not require heel as coolant and can maintain pressure by temperature control in the cargo hold.

•Heat ingress: Heat ingress into the CTC is extremely slow (ref. GASA calculation and test rig observation)©

15④ Reliquefaction and BOG management
ModeEPReliquefaction
BOG management

NoMP

LPYesYes(for long sailing only)

EP CTC pressure log dataKey findings from KNCC’s EP CTC test rig•

Stable : Temperature and pressure of CO2 and theCTC steel temperature following the atmospheretemperature.

•No venting : Heat ingress is very small(slow) theCO2 inside test rig has been stable with no actions
to the test rig for months and no pressure vent.

EP CTC temperature log data

KNCC test rig data for EP mode in CTC

Key Facts : No Reliquefaction for BOG management even in tropical conditions.

•Environment Control (controlling air temperature) inside cargo hold is enough.

©

16⑤ Cargo tanks
ModeEPMPLP

Material

X70

P690 or equivalent

5%Ni / LT36 / LT51 orequivalent

Material unit cost++++++Tank wall thickness

Abt 14mm

Abt 50mm

Abt 50mm

Tank type

Cargo tank cylinders

Empty tank Weight

7,700ton(for 20,000 cbm Incl support)(+260% vs LP)

Cargo Weight

Tank + Cargo Weight
Production lead-timeType-C
2,850ton

2,100ton

18,228ton

20,580ton

22,540ton

25,928ton

23,430ton

24,640ton(+5.2% vs LP)

Serial pipeline production

Competition with LNG/LPG tanks

Key Facts : EP vessel (CTCs) are heavy. Including cargo, total weight is quite similar due to density difference.
•Draft and fuel consumption per day is similar among LP and EP vessels.
©

17Part 3 :KNCC’s technical development©

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Class approval and HAZIDClass approval development
ModeTechnology development

ClassApproval

Date

ElevatedPressure

Knutsen NYK Carbon CarriersClass DNV

AIP
GASA

(AIP)Apr 2022
(GASA) Jun 2023

MediumPressure

NYK/Mitsubishi Ship Building

Class NK

AIP(AIP)May 2022

Low
Pressure

NYK/Mitsubishi Ship Building

Class NK

AIP(AIP) May 2022

HAZID completed with no red-flag(intolerable) risks for EP technology.
❑ Scope of HAZID
1. Design of EP vessel
2. Leakage Handling
3. Loading/Unloading operations
4. Product in transit
5. Maintenance and Inspection

Risk rating
Continuous improvement

67

Risk reduction measures

3

Intolerable riskNIL©

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CO2 test rig :Building deep knowledge
Phase1
Completed✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓

Assembly
Safety tests including pressure testing
DryingGassing up / Pressurizing
Filling from MP System
Pressure buildup
Transfer between tanks
Minor Leaks, Gas & Liquid
Blowdown

Phase2Ongoing✓ Forced Corrosion monitoring by use ofbrine in LCO2-EP Tank✓ Corrosion monitoring of LCO2-EP Tank
Cylinders full of CO2✓ Scaled leak tests based on failure of tankelements.

Phase3Future✓ Effect of Impurities on phase diagram,
operability of system and corrosion,✓ Crew training✓ And more…

©

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Attention for EP is growing
Companies that have shown interest also to EP to realize CCS projects.
Engagement expanding globally and across the whole CCS value chain.

©

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Summary
PART1 : Introduction of KNCC and the three modes for LCO2 in the CCS VC✓ KNCC is NYK’s and Knutsen’s gateway for LCO2 shipping✓ KNCC is offering also EP technology for shipping and onshore storage

PART2 : Qualitative comparison of the three modes and why EP is a viable option✓ EP is a favorable option from a holistic approach, taking commercial,technical matters and operational risk into consideration

PART3 : KNCC’s technical development✓ KNCC is continuing to progress on all three modes✓ Deep CO2 knowledge inhouse©

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Thank Youhttps://www.kn-cc.com/
For Inquiry, please contact
Mr. Tomoki (Tom) Matsuo, Commercial Manager,KNCC
tma@kn-cc.com
Legal Disclaimer• No part of this document shall be reproduced, distributed, or passed on to any other person, or republished, in whole or in part, in any manner or by any means without the priorwritten consent of KNCC.

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