CROSSROADSCROSSROA DS Language StudioÊsSt udioÊs Newsletter August,August , 201
20 1 4

Several authorities on the subjectof global warming have described thenecessary measures that must betaken to stabilize atmosphericconcentrations of carbon dioxide at
450 ppm or lower. American physicist
Joe Romm concludes that while it is
not politically possible now to achieve
this goal, it is both economically andtechnologically feasible. He also suggests thathumanity is bound to wait before taking serious
systematic action until global warming delivers
some really catastrophic effects. This would happen
through amplifying the release of carbon into theatmosphere, thus undermining mitigation efforts
and quickly shooting us to very high levels of CO2.
In order to combat global warming, wecannot afford to wait for new technologies andscientific breakthroughs; instead, says Romm,
we must "deploy existing and near-term lowcarbon technologies as fast as humanlypossible". Presently we are emitting over 30
billion tons of carbon dioxide a year. We’ll
need to peak by 2020, then drop by at least
60% by 2050 to at most 15 billion tons, and goto near zero net carbon emissions by 2100.

NET LESSONS: Too busy to come to CROSSROADS?
…. Try our lessons through the net!
SITE OF THE MONTH:
Get the basic facts about global warming here:
http://www.justfacts.com/globalwarming.basics.asp

To do this we need toimplement 12 – 14 of thefollowing strategies withinfour decades. Each wedge isestimated to reduce projected
global carbon emissions by one
billion metric tons per year (asper Romm 2011). I havegrouped these under four
broad headings: electric power [P], automobiles(transportation) [T], buildings and industry [A],and landscape management [L]. We need 3 wedgesof concentrated solar thermal power[P], generating
5,000 GW peak, and 1 wedge of solar panels[A].
Equally important are 3 wedges of energy
efficiency, one each from buildings, industry, andcogeneration/heat-recovery for a total of 15 – 20
million GW-hrs[A]. A key strategy for reducing
direct fossil fuel use for heating buildings (whilealso reducing air conditioning energy) involves theuse of heat pumps. We should add 1 wedge ofWWII-style conservation, post-2030[A], which may
well include dietary changes. We need 1 wedge ofwind power from one million large (2 MW peak)wind turbines[P] and 1 of nuclear power (700 GW)[P].
One wedge of reflective change can be fulfilled
through white roofs and pavements[A]. Most carsmust be plug-in hybrids or fully electric vehicles[T],requiring another wedge of electric power throughthe combined use of solar car ports and windenergy to recharge them; and within theautomotive sector we require 1 wedge of vehicleefficiency wherein all cars must get at least 25.5
km per liter, with no increase in miles travelled pervehicle[T]. Finally, we need 2 wedges of forest
management that would put a stop to tropicaldeforestation and plant new trees over an area thesize of continental U.S.A.[L].
Additional wedges may prove significant withsome major advances in applied research. Of these
the one with the greatest practical usage for Japanis geothermal plus ocean-based renewable energy.

Article by Kenneth

Joshua Says This month we will begin adding the answer grid for thecrossword puzzle in our newsletter. It will be for the previous month’spuzzle and you can catch it on page 3 each month. We will also startputting the puzzle up on our home-page as well, but you’ll have to print it
out, or copy it some other way, to do it from there. Please continue to enjoy
the puzzle each month, and good luck with your answers!
Junko Says: Japanese English skills, including speaking, rank 26 th in
the world according to a 2013 survey of 700,000 people in 60 different
countries conducted by EF. Most Japanese adults want to speak
English, but this result is not very encouraging, is it? It’s time topersuade your friends and family to start studying! Take advantage ofour September/October 1+1 campaign, and let’s improve our ranking!
Kenneth Says: Well the summer holiday is drawing to a close and soon our kids will
be back to school. Throughout this cooler than usual month of August that seemed a bit
more like tsuyu than tsuyu itself was in June-July, we only managed to get away on acouple of excursions, both to Niihama. We went to the Besshi copper mine on oneoccasion, and to the Niihama Science Museum on another. But alas we have purchased
a yellow plate car, which may open the door to many new family adventures.

Danielle dit: Bonjour! Chaque année mon fils et moi passons le mois d’aoûtavec ma famille au Québec. Je suis de Gatineau, une ville moyenne tout prèsd’Ottawa. Cet été, il fait plutôt frais, entre 16 et 25 degrés. L’été je fais desbbq avec ma famille et je nage dans la rivière et le lac. J’aime manger desmets de tous les pays: mexicains, libanais, français. À bientôt!

1ACROSS
1 get a result by reasoning
4 headed or going towards
6 producing (energy)
7 restrict or hinder normal operations
8 relating to heat in the interior of the earth
11 increase in volume (sound) or size
12 possible of being done
13 related to heat
14 the removal of trees
15 extremely harmful, disastrous

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5
6

7

8
9
10
11DOWN12

2 giving off or discharging
3 something pushed between two things to separate them
4 make an important discovery
5 lessening the severity or intensity of something
9 make steady, stable
10 being planned out, logical(Print Version here)15
www.CrosswordWeaver.com

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Special…. A lesson in comprehension from a Second Grader....
Not only is the child who did this test a second grader, he is also autistic!
Look at his test paper on the right. The
directions clearly state, “Write thefollowing words in alphabetical order”.
The child earned the only “A” in the class(from what, we can suppose, must bequite an intelligent teacher). Why?
Because he was 100% correct!
There are so many ways we can lookat something and, yet, come to different
conclusions. Which answer is ultimately
right and which is wrong? Whose
understanding is best when bothconclusions are right?
Here we have a second grade, autistic
child who could see in a way nobody else
could – including the adults around him.
And he was right!

Last Month’s Puzzle Solution
ACROSS
1 many and varied
3 keep going, never give up
6 increase by adding to
8 coming before
11 ground that is permanently frozen
12 method of solving a problem
13 present a danger or put at risk
14 place a restriction on
15 a result or outcome caused by something

M A N I F O L DUAL
P E R S I S T E N C ETIPDDA C C U M U L A T EIEFS
DOC
P R E C E D I N GRPHCIERAL
P E R M A F R O S T
E
RI
B
TDGM E A N SAJ E O P A R D I Z EECTCKC U R T A I L
TOC O N S E Q U E N C E

DOWN1 having more than one part or entity
2 likely or expected to be
4 removal of trees
5 release, send out, give off
7 get smaller or go down
9 the gradual dying of young plantshoots10 tell in advance

Meet “Lou Lou”
Lou Lou is one of Danielle’s pet dogs. There are
only two of these dogs in all of Shikoku.....
Danielle says: “Lou Lou is an Egyptian Basenji dog and is very
mischievous. For exmple, Lou Lou ate our dinner the other night
while we were watching a soccer game on TV. He opened the door
with his nose and gulped down all the tako rice! Oh, well.... that’s life
with a Basenji....”

Don’t forget… Our SPECIAL 1+1 Campaign offer! Up to 50% off!!
See our notice board, or ask Junko in our office, for the details.