Risk Analysis V: Simulation and Hazard Mitigation 1 19

1 1 8 Risk Analysis V: Simulation and Hazard Mitigationdell'arte sullo studio dei fenomeni di sinkholes eruolo delleamministrazioni statali net govemo del territorio･ APAT Roma, 2004･[12] Succhiarelli C., Di Stefano V. Rilevamento di Sinkholes di origine
antropica e interventi urbanistici nel territorio di monte delle piche (Romasud‑ovest). Stato dell'arte sullo studio dei fenomeni di sinkholes eruolodelle arrministrazioni statali net govemo del territorio･ APAT Roma,2004.

[13] Umilta G., Umilta P., Biancone V., Cave ipogee in aree urbane, XXI
Convegno Nazionale di Geotecnica, L'Aquila, pp･ 56ト566, 2002･Introduction of am approach to disaster●mitigation uslng Crisis‑adaptive information●

sharlng Platform and technology
T. Suzuki & Y. Goto
Kawasaki Laboratory, National Research lnstitute for Earth Science andDisaster Prevention, JapanAbstract
lt is well known that a lack of infbmation sharing led to the enlargement ofearthquake damage in the Hyogo‑ken Nambu earthquake of 1995 [1]･ TheNiigata‑ken Chuetsu (the central Niigata prefecture) earthquake of October 23,
2004 andthe Niigata and Fukushima heavy rainfall of October 2004, however,demonstrated that the lessons fTrom past disasters had not been leant, although
the spread of the intemet helped bo血Collection and transmission of disaster

information in various fields.
For the purpose of mitigatlng damages due to disasters, research on disastermitigationuslng Crisis‑adaptlVe information sharing technology was commenced
in 2004, as a JOlnt Project of 12 different organizations consistlng Of agovemment office and a govemment agency, national research institutes,universities, and prlVate companies. The National Research Institute for Earth
Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) is in charge of leading the prqject, thedevelopment of disaster mitigatinginformation sharing (DMIS) system, whichplays an important role in the DMIS platform, and the investlgation into
infbmation sharing ln actual disaster mltlgation activities conducted in local
govemments ･This paperintroduces the outline of the project first, including the concept ofthe DMIS platform, which will be developed. Then, a few approaches conductedin the project last year by NIED are stated, including recent events of disaster inJapan.

Keywords: information sharing, platform, disaster mitigation, earthquake, heavy
rainfall, jo int project.

Risk Analysis V: Simulation and Hazard Mitigation 12 1

120 Risk Analysis V: Simulation and Hazard Mitigationl Introduction

2

A lot or earthquakes and typhoons attack Japan every year, since Japan is located

2.1 Development of the disaster information sharing platform

0utline of the projecton tile Circum‑Pacific seismic belt and is also located in the Asian monsoon
district. In addition, the risk or man一made disaster is increaslng. On behalf or

mltlgatlng damages due to such disasters, the jolnt prqjeCt COnSistlng Or 122･1･l I)evelopment of the protocol for the disaster mitigating information

sharingdifferent organizations was commenced last July as a three year program･ In thisIn order to make information sharing effective in the head office of disasterproject, information sharing technologies effective to disaster mltlgation aredeveloped･ The disaster mltlgatlng information is defined here as the visual andcountemeasures to local inhabitants are directly carried out, the use of standard

hearlng infbmation which is composed or not only damage infわ‑ation butand common protocol as well as data fbmats is necessary m comunicatingwith other organizations. In this program, the XML‑based comunication

countemeasures in the damaged local govement, where disaster

geographical information,fundamental urban spatial data, damage estimation
results, infbmation on disaster mltlgatlng COuntemeaSureS, etC., all orwhich areprotocol adaptlVe tO disaster infbmation sharing is developed and methods toeffective to disaster mltlgation and reduction･

put it into practical use will be investlgated and opened to the public.

The disaster mltlgatlng

information sharing platform (stated as the DMIS platform below in this paper),
On which effective information is transmitted to and shared among thegovemment, local govemments, lifeline corporations, mass corrmunications orlocal inhabitants. In addition, technologleS COllectlng and transmitting
infbmation, estimatlng damage and evaluatlng the e飴ct of disaster mltlgatlng

countermeasures are developed in this proJeCt･ These teclmOlogleS are integrated
with the DMIS system through the DMIS platfb‑･ Figure 1 shows a schematic
illustration of the DMIS platform, which will be developed in this proJeCt･

2.1.2 Development of the information sharing system applied to local
governmemts
ln order to help local govemments with quick and reliable responses of disastercountemeasures, the disaster mitigating infbmation sharing (DMIS) system isdeveloped in this program,functions and performances of which are designed,renectlng the examination of the followlng research programs. The systemdeveloped here mainly consists of the GIS processed h a time series.
2.2 Analysis and regulation on disaster infわrmation sharing rules

2.2.1 disaster information sharing in localgovernments
A local goverrment shares disaster information with local inhabitants, lifeline
corporations, disaster prevention organizations such as the police, the fire

defense stations, the Self‑Defense Forces, hospitals, the upper local govemment,etc., when a large disaster occurs. In this program, examinations are glVen On

what kind of information items are required in what forms and in what
accuracies during a disaster, in process of time. For that purpose, an inteⅣiew ora questiormaire survey lS applied to local government staff who have experienced
disaster prevention activities in an ac山al disaster. Results of analyses andexaminations obtained by the surveys are applied to afundamental design of theDMIS (disaster mitigating information sharing) system developedinthis project.
2.2.2 Disaster information sharing management
SuⅣeys on activities during disasters are applied to people who haveexperienced disasters. A data base is made up, in which their activities area汀anged in a time series. Based on the analysis based on the data base, therelationships between acquired data and activities and between accuracy ofinfbmation and quality of activities are a汀anged at each event of disasters, eachmagnitude of disaster or an elapsed time from disaster's occurrence.
The reasonable combination of infbmation in order fb∫ people to act the best
Figure 1 :Scllematic illustration of the DMIS platfbm･

response in tens of disaster countemeasures is examined and the result will beapplied to the DMIS platfbm.

Risk Analysis V: Simulation and Hazard Mitigation 123

1 22 Risk Analysis V‥ Simulation and Hazard Mitigation

2･3 Development or spatial data preparation methods

2.5.2 Reuef plannlng uSlng the multi‑agent simulation

An examination is glVen On Spatial data which local govemments possess inrelief force, food and other relief goods, the new simulator which is able to●lntegratlng the multi‑agent simulation with the optlmum Supply simulation or thedigital data and those which prlVate companies have prepared and have sold.

estimate damage progress and to support relief plannmg during disasters will be

The data is summarized in terms of content, cost, precision, etc.

developed in this program.

An examination is also glVen On a spatial data preparation method, taking
locality and the damaged history due to disasters into consideration. The method

enables an efficient processing Offundamental spatial data in the DMIS platform

2･5･3 Optimum induction for evacuation of local inhabitants
The system is developed, by which the infbmation to induce local inhabitants todeveloped here.

evacuate, in consideration of the characteristics or evacuation activities in a local

The method is also applied to the adual proof test in which several tools andarea or in a local core facility. This system obtains disaster information throughsystems developed h this prqJect are combined and applied experimentally to athe DMIS platfbm and ca汀ies out an evacuation simulation. Then, thefew local govemments and an availabilityofthe systems will be verified.

information on the induction for evacuation is sent to a local area or to a local
core facilitythrough the DMIS platform.

2･4 Development of the system to collect disaster information by local

inhabitaJltS and to transmit disaster information to local inhabitants

2.5.4 Estimation of damage evolution on biological and chemical disaster
Receivlng GIS data, meteorological data and social environment data through thelnvestlgatlng the adual operatlng COnditions or disaster infbmation systems in

DMIS platfbm, the di汎ISion simulation of poISOnOuS Substances is conducted inlocal govemments in Japan, problems existlng in the present systems area short time. Then, the result is sent back to the DMIS platfbm and transmitted

extracted･ Then, the effective way of information sharing between local

to the organization, which requested the simulation. In this program, damagei血abitants and an administrative organ will be examined.

The IT tools such as wearable PCs, GPS etc･ and GIS are applied for thesystems of disaster information collection and transmission which a wide range

evolution simulators and meteorologlCal and diffusion estimation technologleS
are developed.

of users from an inhabitant through a specialist of disaster prevention can use.

2.5.5 Information sharingwith lifeline corporations

The development or the system is also ca汀ied out, by which disaster mltlgatlng

The examination is glVen On the information which lifeline corporations are able

infわ‑ation collected by several infわ‑ation instmments are transmi托ed surely

to supply and to request to acqulre, by executlng Case S山dies in the past

to the nearest head office of the fire defense or to the nearest head office ofdamaged earthquakes. Then, the effect of lifeline information sharing on disasterdisaster counte‑e且sures in the local govemment･ In addition, the method tomltlgation is investlgated. Based on the results, the desirable method to make anmake disaster prevention infbmation known to every local i血abitant iseffective use of the DMIS platformamong lifeline corporations is investigated･

developed and the effectiveness of the method will be verified by field tests. InThe test data base was constmcted adoptlng the above desirable method, theaddition, the information sharing teclmology is developed, by which information

information sharing experiment is carried out, connecting a prototype of theseismic disaster prevention information system (SUPREME) of Tokyo Gas Co.
Ltd. with the DMIS platform. Then, subjects originated fTrom both systems will
be concretely extracted. A similar comection will enable infbmation sharing

collected by several infわ‑ation systems are shared through the DMIS platfbm.

2･5 Research on disaster mitigation countermeasures making efficient useof shared information

2･5･l Development of the system supporting disaster prevention activities
carried out by local inhabitants
The optlmum OPeration simulator of reg10nal fire fighting power is developed,
extending the real time fire spread simulator of previous development in order tobetween an electric c?mpany and the DMIS platform･ Tokyo Electric Po†erCo" Ltd. also examines Subjects existing Peculiar to electric companleS

concemlng disaster infbmation sharing.
Govemment agencies and public co叩Orations concemlng road and roadtraffic management and telecommunication enterprlSeS Will joln this project as
lifeline corporations and the scope of research here will be enlarged.

be able to evaluate the extlnguishing power by local i血abitants. The

simulations are conducted on the simultaneous occurrlng fire due to an

earthquake etc., with thefundamental information obtained fTrom the DMIS
platform as Input data･ Then, the effect of an optlmum allocation of fire fighting
resource, consisting Of the public fire fighting power and fire fighting resourceby local inhabitants, is investlgated･3

Recent disasters and relating research activities

3.I The Niigata‑ken Chuetsu earthquake of October 23, 2004
The Niigata‑ken Chuetsu earthquake of 2004 Occurred in the central region Of

Niigata prefecture, Japan (Figure 2). The magnitude of the earthquake was MJ ‑fi R只n(1 4f弓nennle djerl f)∩(1 1 1000 hollSe.q Were damaged due to this earth(】uake.

RiskAnalysis V: Simulation and Hazard Mitigation 125

124 Risk Analysis V: Simulation and Hazard Mitigation

The damage investlgation was conducted by each organization const血tlng thisprqJeCt individually ln Order to grasp the overall damage and damage mltlgatlng
activities at several head o托ces of disaster countemeasures in the damaged

local govemments. The actual condition concermng disaster information sharing
in this earthquake was also investlgated by a questionnaire and an inteⅣiew tothe staffs in the damaged local govemments. The results obtained fTrom theinvestigation will be applied to our development. A prototype of the DMIS
system will be developed fわr a damaged local govemment in Niigata. Then, theeffectiveness of the system will be evaluated by the local government staff who
have experienced this earthqtlake.
photo 2･.

Fukuoka City, Fukuoka. (Head office of disaster countermeasures.)

3.2 The Fukuoka‑ken Seih0‑0ki earthquake of March 20, 2005
The strong shaking attacked Fukuoka and Saga prefectures in Kyushu Island,
Japan, where a seismic activity is low even in Japan･ The magn血de of theearthquake was MJ ‑ 7･O and 1 person died and over 8000 houses were damaged
due to this earthquake. Genkai‑jima Island whith is located west offFukuoka

cityis strongly damaged･Aninterview to the head office of disastercountermeasures in Fukuoka Citywas conducted 1 week after the earthquake･ A+‥■ヽJ‑

qtleStionnaire and an inteⅣiew suⅣey will be ca汀ied out in details and theresults will be reflected to our research.

References
El.本領詔[ ,^'tl1 ･uF! S&:･, ̲...

ll] Takayose, S., The great Kobe earthquake and responses of the local
governments (in Japanese), Gakuyo‑Shobo, 1 996･Figure 2:

Photo i :Epicenters of earthquakes.

Nagaoka City, Niigata. (Head office of disaster countermeasures.)