Safety requirements for the projectors
with laser device as light source

JBMS-86：2018（2023

Confirm）

Disclaimer
This is a translation of the authoritative text which JBMIA published here
http://hyojunka.jbmia.or.jp/hyojun2/upload-v3/archive/JBMS-86.pdf
This translated document is provided for convenience only;
any references to JBMIA on this Standard must be based on the Japanese version.

Established April, 2018

Japan Business Machine and Information System Industries Association
This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIAii
JBMS-86:2018

List of Committee Members of Data Projector Group(Chief of the Group)

Satoshi Hirashima

Seiko Epson Corporation(Sub-chief of the Group)

Minoru Kato

Maxell, Ltd

Mikiyasu Wakai

Sony Imaging Products & Solutions Inc.

Tatsuji Eda

Sony Imaging Products & Solutions Inc.

Kazuyuki Koyanagi

NEC Display Solutions, Ltd.

Yoshio Sasanuma

Sharp Corporation

Yoshishige Tanaka

Ricoh Company, Ltd.

Syuichi Tokumaru

Canon Inc.

Kazuyasu Fukano

Casio Computer Co., Ltd.

Mitsuhiroio Wada

Panasonic Corporation

Makoto Takeuchi

Japan Business Machine and Information(Member)(Secretariat)

System Industries Association

List of Committee Members of New Light Projector Working Group,
Data Projector Group(Chief of the WG)

Tsuneharu Nomura

Sony Imaging Products & Solutions Inc.

(Sub-chief of the WG)

Yoshimasa Fushimi

Panasonic Corporation

Kazuhiro Okabe

Seiko Epson Corporation

Yuya Kurata

Canon Inc.

Seiji Tsuchikawa

Sharp Corporation

Akihiro Shiraishi

Maxell, Ltd

Hiroki Masuda

Casio Computer Co., LTD.

Takahiro Kado

Ricoh Company, Ltd.

Masahiko Nishihara

NEC Display Solutions, Ltd.

(Member)(Secretariat)

Makoto Takeuchi

This publication is copyright protected/

Japan Business Machine and Information
System Industries Association

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA

iii
JBMS-86:2018

List of Committee Members of JBMS Promotion Technical committee,
Standardization Center(Chief of the Committee)

Makoto Kobayashi

Konica Minolta,Inc.

(Member)

Katsumasa Nishikawa

Canon Inc.

Tsutomu Motohashi

Ricoh Company, Ltd.

Yoshiyuki Shiratsuki

Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd

Masatoshi Suzuki

Japan Business Machine and Information
System Industries Association(from August 2015)(Secretariat)

Standard No.:JBMS-86

Established:

April 16 th , 2018

Revised:-Drafted by:

New Light Projector Working Group

Edited by:

JBMS Promotion Technicalcommittee, Standardization Center, Japan Business
Machine and Information System Industries Association

Established by: Standardization Center, Japan Business Machine and Information System
Industries Association
Comments or questions if any, please contact Standardization center, Japan Business Machine andInformation System Industries Association,
LILA HIJIRIZAKA 7F, 3-4-10 Mita Minato-ku Tokyo 108-0073 JAPAN
Tel: +81-3-6809-5010 (Main phone number)This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIAiv
JBMS-86:2018

Table of Contents
Page
Introduction ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 1
1

Scope ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 1

2 Normative references ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 2
3 Terms and definitions ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 2
4

Interpretations of the projection light from a projector ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 7

4.1

In the case of projection of diffused light from laser device as light source ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 7

4.1.1

Biomedical safety ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 7

4.1.2

Interpretation concerning safety standards ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 8

4.2

In the case of projection with light source of excitation luminescence by the laser ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 9

4.2.1

Biomedical safety ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 9

4.2.2

Interpretation of the safety standards ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 9

4.3

Safety standards application flowchart ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 9

4.4

Assessment responsibility for projection light from projector ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 12

5

Safety of laser products ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 13

5.1

Classification of laser products ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 12

5.2

Measures to prevent damages due to laser light ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 16

5.2.1

Manufacture’s requirements ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 16

5.2.2

Measures standards by class for the laser equipmentꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 18

5.3

Indication on product ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 26

5.3.1

Labelling on the projector ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 26

5.4

Requirements for operation manual ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 28

5.5

Requirements for servicing information ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 30

6

Safety standard for projection light of projectors ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 32

6.1

General ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 32

6.1.1

Relation with laser safety standard ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 32

6.1.2

Scope of IEC 62741-5 ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 32

6.1.3

Risk group classification of projectors ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 32

6.2

Basis of risk group determination ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 33

6.2.1

Test conditions ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 33

6.2.2

Assessment items for risks ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 33

6.2.3

Assessment criteria ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 34

6.2.4

Time basesꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 34

6.2.5 Projection lens ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 34
6.2.6

Measurement distance ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 35

6.3

Requirements for manufacturers ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 35

7 Original requirements to be considered for laser projectors ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 40
7.1

Safety guideline in normal use ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 40

7.1.1

Requirements for accident avoidance of Intrabeam viewing ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 40

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIAv
JBMS-86:2018

7.1.1.1

Requirements for projector ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 40

7.1.1.2

Requirements for operation manual ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 41

7.1.2

Requirements for accident avoidance of intrabeam viewing using optical equipment ꞏꞏ 41

7.1.2.1

Requirements for operation manual ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 41

7.1.3

Accident avoidance in the case of usually unforeseeable actionsꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 41

7.1.3.1

Requirements for operation manual ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 41

7.1.4

Consideration in the case of remote operation and use of a remote control ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 41

7.1.4.1

Requirements for operation manual ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 41

7.1.5

Requirements concerning optional lens ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 41

7.1.5.1

Requirements for the operation manual ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 42

7.2

Guideline for the structure design ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 42

7.2.1

Overall design ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 42

7.2.2

Design of the protective housing ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 42

7.2.3

Specific requirements for the housing cover ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 43

7.2.4

Specific requirements for the light source ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 43

7.2.5

Requirements for the optical engine ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 43

7.3

Safety guideline in the case of failure ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 43

7.3.1

Scope of the reasonably foreseeable failure ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 43

7.3.2

Leaked light from the protective housing ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 44

7.3.3

Emission light from the projection lens ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 44

7.4

Others ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 45

7.4.1

Requirements for manufacturingꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 45

7.4.2

Requirements for the external packaging box ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 45

7.4.3

Requirements for the operation manual ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 45

Annex A (Informative) Procedure for risk group determination based on IEC 62471-5ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 46
Bibliography ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 56
Commentary [KAISETSU] ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 57

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIAvi
JBMS-86:2018

Foreword
This standard is copyrighted work protected by copyright laws.
Attention should be drawn to the possibility that a part of this Standard may conflict with a patent right,
application for a patent right after opening to the public or utility model right which have technicalproperties. The Japan Business Machine and Information System Industries Association is not
responsible for identifying the patent right, application of a patent right after opening to the public andutility model right which have the technical properties of this kind.

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA1JBMS-86:2018

Japan Business Machine and Information
System Industries Association Standard

JBMS-86：2018(2023

Confirm)

Safety requirements for the projectors withlaser device as light source
Introduction
This document specifies the requirements explicit for safe use of the projectors with laser device aslight source.
Regarding projection light from image projector, new international standards have revised or
established. In IEC 60825-1:2014, projection light from image projectors with fixed resolution lightvalves can be treated as general light, and IEC 62471 series is applicable. In Japan, new JIS Standard
JIS C 6802:2014 harmonized with IEC 60825-1:2014 has been established. In June 2015, projector
specific standard IEC 62471-5:2015 (Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems – Part 5: Image
projectors) has established as a vertical standard of IEC 62471 series.
In this document, requirements for projectors with laser light source and requirements for projection
light as same hazard level of general light are specified.
For Image projectors, the product standard used to be JIS C 6950-1 (International standard IEC
60950-1). And for its light emission including projection light shall refer to IEC 60825-1:2014.
Recently the product JIS C 6950-1 is transferring to IEC 62368-1. The contents of this document
remain the same. Even though IEC 62368-1:2104 do not refer IEC 60825-1:2014, the concept of laser
safety are not affected.
The object of this document is to make clear the minimum requirements for projectors the projection
light of which is evaluated under IEC 62471-5 according to JIS C 6802 so as to be able to secure thesafety under all conditions of sales, operation, maintenance, service and failure. These requirements
are shown in Clauses 4 to 6. And original requirements of this document are shown in Clause 7.
・Clause 4 : Interpretations of the projection light from a projector
・Clause 5 : Safety of laser products・Clause 6 : Safety standard for projection light of projectors
・Clause 7 : Original requirements to be considered for laser projectors

1

Scope

This document is applicable to the projectors which use laser device as the light source and the fixed
resolution light valves such as Liquid-Crystal Display (LCD) and Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) outof the front projection type projectors, which expand in the images in computers, and sets theThis publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA2JBMS-86:2018

requirements for safe use of such devices. This document is not applicable to the type of projectors
which project images onto a screen by scanning laser light on the screen. Furthermore, this document
is not applicable to the projectors used as toys for children. In addition, such projecor is to comply withthe domestic regulations of each country (Example: Consumer Products Safety Act, Electrical
Appliance and Material Safety Law, etc.).

2

Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
JIS C 6802:2014, Safety of laser products
NOTE Correspondent international standard: IEC 60825-1:2014, Safety of laser products – Part 1:
Equipment classification and requirements(IDT)JIS C 6950-1, Information technology equipment - Safety - Part 1: General requirements
NOTE Correspondent international standard: IEC 60950-1, Information technology equipment –Safety – Part 1: General requirements(MOD)JIS X 6911, Information to be included in specification sheets - Data projector
ISO/IEC 21118, Information technology - Office equipment Information to be included in specification
sheets - Data projectors
IEC 61947-1, Electronic projection - Measurement and documentation of key performance criteria –Part 1: Fixed resolution projectors
IEC 62471, Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems
NOTE Correspondent Japanese Industrial Standard: JIS C 7550 Photobiological safety of lamps
and lamp systems (MOD)IEC 62471-5:2015, Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems – Part 5: Image projectors
Preventive measures for hazard due to laser beam (Ministry of Health,Labour and Welfare:Notification No.39 / Notification No.0325002 (Revised))
IEC 62368-1:2014, Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment – Part 1:
Safety requirements

3

Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in JIS C 6802, JIS X 6911, ISO/IEC
21118, IEC 61947-1 and the following apply.
3.1
Protective housing
Component (usually attached by manufacturers) of laser products (including built-in laser products)
which is designed so as to protect the laser emission exposure which exceeds regulated AEL (see3.11) to the human body.
It is a collective term for a housing cover, light source cover, and optical engine cover (see Figure 1)

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA3
JBMS-86:2018

3.2
Housing coverProtective housing which composes the utmost outer cover or case (see Figure 1).
3.3
Light source coverPart of the housing cover which is opened or closed when attaching or removing of the light source unit,
or access to the light source unit (see Figure 1).
3.4
Light source unit
Light source which is to be incorporated in the system as the source of the projection light of the
projector, or assembly part composed of the light source and its holding components (see Figure 1),

Figure 1 - Protective housing and light source unit of a projector
3.5
Optical engine
Assembly parts which composes the light source unit and the optical path where the emitted light fromthe light source is illuminated to the light valve and projected from the projection lens.
3.6
Optical engine coverProtective housing which composes a part of the optical engine (see Figure 2).
3.7
Security seal
Seal which is once peeled off, it cannot be stuck again, so that the peeled evidence can be found.
It includes the “tamper-proof seal” where once peeled letters appear, “fragile seal” where the seal tears
when one tries to peel it.
3.8
Special screw
screw which can be unscrewed by the tool which is not regularly stocked in usual home so as toprevent being unscrewed by users.
This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA4JBMS-86:2018

3.9
Main light beam
Light beam which emits to the outgoing direction of the optical path of the optical engine (see Figure 2).

Figure 2 - Main light and leaked light, and optical engine cover
3.10
Collateral radiation
Any electromagnetic radiation, within the wavelength range between 180 nm and 1 mm, except laser
radiation, emitted by a laser product as a result of, or physically necessary for, the operation of a laser.
[JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1)]
3.11
Accessible emission limit
AEL
The maximum accessible emission permitted within a particular class.
[JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1)]
3.12
Spatial coherence
Amount to indicate the degree of light wave coherency at different points, which is expressed by the
degree of correlation at different points of the same spot.
[JIS Z 8120]
NOTE It is a scale to measure uniformity of light wave front. Because laser light has high spatial
coherence, it is able to make almost complete plane wave and spherical wave. For thisreason, laser light is able to propagate long distance without diffusion, and is able toconverge on a very small spot as well. Put simply, it means “characteristic features thatbeam go straight without diffusion”.
3.13
Temporal coherence
Amount to indicate the degree of light wave coherency at different time points, which is expressed byThis publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA5
JBMS-86:2018

the degree of correlation at different time points of the same spot.
[JIS Z 8120]
NOTE It is a scale to represent how far the periodicity of the optical electric-field is kept. Because
laser light has high temporal coherence, even though in the case where large optical path
difference is given, a clear interference pattern can be obtained. The maximum optical
path difference to form an interference pattern is called as “coherence length”; higher the
temporal coherence, larger the coherence length. Put simply, it means “narrow spectrum
or highly monochromatic characteristics”.
3.14
Access panel
Part of the protective housing or enclosure which provides access to laser radiation when removed ordisplaced.
[JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1)]
3.15
Safety interlock
automatic device associated with each portion of the protective housing of a laser product to prevent
human access to Class 3R, Class 3B or Class 4 laser radiation when that portion of the housing isremoved, opened or displaced.
[JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1)]
3.16
Remote interlock connector
connector which permits the connection of external controls placed apart from other components of thelaser product.
3.17
Anaerobic adhesiveadhesive that cures in the absence of oxygen, curing being inhibited by the presence of oxygen andcatalyzed by metallic ions.
[JIS K 6900]
3.18
Single fault condition
any single fault that might occur in a product and the direct consequences of that fault.
[JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1)]
3.19
Throw ratio
Ratio between distance from the exit pupil to the screen L and the width of the projected image W.
This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA6
JBMS-86:2018

Throw ratio is given by L/W.

3.20
Exit pupil
In the case of projectors, it means a virtual image of the aperture stop seen when staring into
the projection lens.
3.21
Maximum permissible exposure
MPE
Level of laser radiation to which, under normal circumstances, person may be exposed without
suffering adverse effects.
[JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1)]
3.22
Nominal ocular hazard distance
NOHD
Distance from the output aperture beyond which the beam irradiance or radiant exposure remains
below the appropriate corneal maximum permissible exposure (MPE).
NOTE If the NOHD includes the possibility of viewing through optical aids, this is termed the“extended NOHD (ENOHD)”.
［JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1)］
3.23
Hazard distanceHD
Distance where accessible emission becomes equal to the RG2 AEL when staring into the projection
light.
NOTE 1The origin of the distance is the closest point of human access (for instance, the front
lens surface)..

NOTE 2

Projectors whose hazard distance exceed 1 m are classified into RG3..

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA7
JBMS-86:2018

4

Interpretations of the projection light from a projector

Biomedical safety and interpretation of the safety standards concerning the projection light from the
projector are written down in this clause. As for projectors without laser device as light source are outof coverage of this document. Those do not meet migration conditions in 4.4 in JIS C 6802 (IEC60825-1) are omitted from this document as well. As to leaked light except the projection lens,classification and handling based on it is required in JIS C 6802 and shall comply with clause 5.
4.1 In the case of projection of diffused light from laser device as light source
In the case of the front projector which uses laser device as light source and diffuses the beam andforms it into rectangular beam with uniform intensity and illuminates light valve (LCD, DMD) with it, andthen projects the expanded image onto the screen through the projection lens, how to deal with its
projection light is shown below.
4.1.1 Biomedical safety
In the case of general laser pointer, both of the temporal coherence and spatial coherence are kept;
accordingly, when laser light (parallel light) emitted from there is collected with lens, as shown in Figure
3 (a), all emitted light energy is collected on to micro area of the wave length, and very high energy
density is kept at the focal point. For this reason, when laser light (parallel light) goes into human eye,its retina may be damaged by the collected light.
On the other hand, in the case of the front projector that illuminates light valve with diffused laser lightand projects it onto the screen, temporal coherence, in some cases, may be kept while spatial
coherence is lost; accordingly, in the case where the projection light (diffused light) emitted from there
is collected through the lens, as shown in the Figure 3 (b), only a part of emitted light energy iscollected on to finite area of uniform illumination intensity, so that the energy density at the focal point is
not so large. For this reason, even in the case where the projection light (diffused light) goes into thehuman eye, the risk to damage the retina by the collected light is considered to be low.

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA8
JBMS-86:2018

Figure 3 - Light-collection difference between a laser pointer and projector with laser device aslight source
That is to say, light collection ability through the projection lens of the projector with laser device as lightsource is almost same the light collection ability through the projection lens of the projector with naturallight (incoherent light) such as a lamp and LED.
NOTE In the case of the highly monochromatic light, that is, the light spectrum of very narrow
band width (equal to temporal coherent light), there are opinion that the threshold level ofdamage is different from that of other natural light (incoherent light); however, at present,
it is not clearly specified that what kind of impact it has on the human body when the light
spectrum of very narrow band width becomes in specific.
Accordingly, in the case of the projection light of the front projector that illuminates light valve withdiffused laser light and projects it onto the screen, it is not particularly hazardous because it uses laser
device as light source; in terms of biomedical, it is considered that it can be handled like other lightsources (lamp, LED).
However, regardless of types of light (sunlight, lamp light, LED light, laser light), when one continues tostare at strong light, it is likely to damage one’s eyes; so equally cautions are necessary.
4.1.2 Interpretation concerning safety standards
In the case of the front projector that illuminates light valve with diffused laser light and projects it onto
the screen, an exceptive clause for risk evaluation is defined by revised JIS C 6802.
When projection light fulfills the following conditions, there is no necessity for risk evaluation underlaser safety standards, and that may be evaluated with IEC 62471 series which are general lamp
standards include lamps and LEDs.
- About the radiation light of laser application products, that light source (light emitting part) is not apoint source.
- The maximum brightness (the maximum radiance) of the light source (light emitting part) which has
This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA9JBMS-86:2018

angular subtense more than 5 mrad by distance 200 mm is 1/α(MW·m-2·sr-1)or below .
α means angular subtense of apparent source and its unit is radian. Here apparent source means realor virtual object that forms the smallest retinal image. In the case of projectors, apparent source isconsidered to be exit pupil of the projection lens that can be seen when staring into the projection light.
However, the leaked light out of the housing from the light source and optical path of the optic block
except the light emitted from the projection lens, are subject to classification according to theconventional laser light (detailed criteria and methods for determination are described in Clause 5).
In Japan, as for the Electrical Appliance and Material Safety Law, which includes multiple normativereferences, JIS C 6950-1:2012 has been referred as safety standard concerning projectors, so thelatest version for IEC 60825-1 and JIS C 6802 are available as the normative reference of safety
standards of laser application products. IEC 62471-5:2015 is also applicable.
As described above, legal changes harmonized with the above new standards have been completed.
As for international standards, it has been confirmed at the general meeting (2017/10, Toronto) has
been published as the successor standards of IEC 60950-1, would be able to refer to the latest safety
standards (IEC60825-1:2014, IEC62471-5:2015) for the projector using laser as light source. This
interpretation was published as INF Document (108/697/INF).
It is also being discussed about the Introduction of this interpretation into the IEC62368-1 standard (itwould be 3rd-edition).
Therefore, the interpretation for the safety standards of laser application products concerning projector
will be unified.
In each country, including Japan, the progress of legal changes may differ. It is required to follow theapplicable standards in each regulation.
4.2 In the case of projection with light source of excitation luminescence by the laser
In the case of projection with light source of excitation luminescence by the laser and forms it into
rectangular beam with uniform intensity and illuminates light valve (LCD, DMD) with it, and thenprojects expanded image onto the screen through the projection lens, how to treat the projection light isshown below.
4.2.1 Biomedical safety
In the case of luminescence (collateral radiation) excited by laser light, because both the spatial
coherence and temporal coherence are already lost, generally it is considered as a natural light(incoherent light). For this reason, when projection light goes into eye, it is considered that the risk todamage the retina by collected light through the lens is low as those of other light sources (lamp light,
LED light).
However, regardless of types of light (sunlight, lamp light, LED light, luminescence), when one
continues to stare at strong light, it is likely to damage one’s eyes; so equally cautions are necessary.
4.2.2 Interpretation of the safety standards
This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA10
JBMS-86:2018

As described in 4.1.2, related safety standards have been revised and in the case of thefront-projection type projector where luminescence (collateral radiation) excited by laser light isprojected on the screen through projecting it to the light valve, all projection light including
luminescence excited by laser are handled by said IEC 62471-5. Accordingly, it is unnecessary to
determine whether the luminescence excited by laser, is laser light (coherent light) or not.
4.3 Safety standards application flowchart
Application flows of various types of safety standards are shown in Figure 4. Although details are to bereferred to each safety standard, points of determination are described at the clauses shown in the
flowchart.

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA11
JBMS-86:2018

Figure 4 - Flow of various types of safety standards (Flowchart)
This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA12JBMS-86:2018

4.4 Assessment responsibility for projection light from projector
As to the interpretation of the projection light in the case of projecting diffused laser light onto thescreen and in the case of projecting excited luminescence by the laser, they are explained in 4.1 and
4.2.
Handling determination of these projections light is left to manufacturers or its agents (see JIS C 6802
(IEC 60825-1), 4.2).

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA13
JBMS-86:2018

5

Safety of laser products

The projectors determined to meet conditions set forth in subclause 4.4 in JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1) asa result of assessment of the projection light of the projectors going with the safety standards
application flow shown in Figure 4, the projection light can be treated same as that of general-use light,
so the assessment according to IEC 62471-5 becomes possible.
As for the leaked light and the projection light fail to meet requirements, they are to be generallyclassified into seven levels – from Class 1 (safe) to Class 4 (the highest risk) according to the degree ofrisk. Classification of projectors is carried out by the manufacturers or its agents according to Clauses 4
and 5 in JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1). That is, if it meets JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1) 4.4 and its leaked light
does not exceed the limit of Class 1, such a laser product is treated as Class 1. However, as to theaccess panel, measures are subject to the highest laser class of exposure to laser are required when
the user remove the access panel. Furthermore, in manufacturing processes, necessary measures toprotect workers from ocular hazard have to be taken depending on the laser class used for the lightsource.
This clause shows the outline of the laser classification and measures to prevent injuries. As for the
leaked light other than projection light and the projector which does not meet the conditions set forth in
4.4 in JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1), the assessment and measures set forth in JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1)
required.
NOTE 1

As for the projection light of the projector which meets the conditions in JIS C 6802 (IEC60825-1) 4.4, the assessment and measures set forth in IEC 62471-5 as explained in
Clause 6.

NOTE 2

Class 1C is newly added in the JIS C 6802: 2014 (IEC 60825-1:2014), however thisclass is mainly for beauty products, so this is omitted from this document.

5.1 Classification of laser products
The following classification quoted from Section 8.2 “Explanation of the laser class (p.50)” in Part 1 in
“Laser safety guidebook: 4th edition” edited by Optoelectronics Industry and Technology Development
Association published by Advanced Communication Media Co., Ltd.
a) Class 1
Laser products that are safe during use, including long-term direct intrabeam viewing, even when
exposure occurs while using optical viewing instruments (eye loupes or binoculars). Class 1 also
includes high power lasers that are fully enclosed so that no potentially hazardous radiation isaccessible during use (embedded laser product). Intrabeam viewing of Class 1 laser products whichemit visible radiant energy may still produce dazzling visual effects, particularly in low ambient light.
NOTE Even though a high power laser is built into a product, if it is structurally designed so as tobe unable to exposure its laser light, it is classified into Class 1.
b) Class 1M
Laser products that are safe, including long-term direct intrabeam viewing for the naked eye (unaidedeye). The MPE can be exceeded and eye injury may occur following exposure with one of two
This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA14
JBMS-86:2018

categories of optical viewing instruments (eye loupes or binoculars).
The wavelength region for Class 1M lasers is restricted to the spectral region where most glass opticalmaterials used in optical instruments can significantly transmit, i.e., between 302,5 nm and 4 000 nm.
Intrabeam viewing of Class 1M laser products which emit visible radiant energy may still produce
dazzling visual effects, particularly in low ambient light.
NOTE This is a class in that “it is safe for the naked eye.” Exposure(watching)condition is thatthe watching by the naked eye at the distance of 100mm from the light source.
Accordingly, in this class observation with lens system may damage eye.
c) Class 2
Laser products that emit visible radiation in the wavelength range from 400 nm to 700 nm that are safe
for momentary exposures but can be hazardous for deliberate staring into the beam. The time base of
0.25 s is inherent in the definition of the class and presumption is that there is very low risk of injury for
momentary exposures that are somewhat longer.
The following factors contribute to precluding injury under reasonably foreseeable conditions;

unintentional exposures would rarely reflect worst-case conditions, for example, of beamalignment with the pupil for a stabilized head, worst case accommodation;the inherent safety margin in the MPE upon which the AEL is based.

natural aversion behavior for exposure to bright light.

NOTE The upper power limit is 1 mW (if light source angular subtense is less than 1.5 mrad),where the risk is avoided by the feeling of repulsion reaction(≦0.25 second). The rangeof visible light defined here is narrower than the actual visible range; it is confined thewavelength range from 400 nm to 700 nm where the feeling of repulsion reaction occurs
at 1 mW.
d) Class 2M
Laser products that emit visible laser beams and are safe for short time exposure only for the naked(unaided eye). Eye injury may occur following exposure with one of the two categories of opticalviewing instruments (eye loupes or binoculars).
NOTE It is class like Class 1M in that it is safe for the naked eye. Accordingly, the observation
with the optical system may damage eye.
e) Class 3R
Laser products that emit radiation can exceed the MPE under direct intrabeam viewing. But the risk of
injury in most cases is relatively low. Because of the lower risk, fewer manufacturing requirements andcontrol measures for the user apply than for Class 3B.
NOTE The AEL of Class 3R (for non-visible laser beams) is 5 times the AEL of Class 1. And the
AEL of Class 3R (for visible laser beams) is 5 times the AEL of Class 2.
f) Class 3B
Laser products that are normally hazardous when intrabeam ocular exposure occurs (i.e. within theNOHD) including accidental short time exposure. Viewing diffuse reflections is normally safe. Class 3B
lasers which approach the AEL for Class 3B may produce minor skin injuries or even pose a risk ofigniting flammable materials. However, this is only likely if the beam has a small diameter or is focused.
This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA15
JBMS-86:2018

NOTE Fitting of key or interlock is required for this class and upper class; in-use alarm notice, etc.
are required.
g) Class 4
Lasers products for which intrabeam viewing and skin exposure is hazardous and for which the viewingof diffuse reflections may be hazardous. These lasers also often represent a fire hazard.
NOTE It is necessary to take a measure to block the laser light emitted. Naturally, fitting of key orinterlock is required; in-use alarm notice, etc., are required.

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA16
JBMS-86:2018

5.2 Measures to prevent damages due to laser light
5.2.1 Manufacture’s requirements
JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1) concerning laser products safety is to require manufacturers to takemeasures listed in Table 1 in order to prevent damages due to laser light.
Table 1 - Summary of manufacture’s requirements (1 of 2)
Requirement
subclauses

Classification
Class 1

Class 1M

Class 2

Class 2M

Class 3R

Class 3B

Class 4

Description of
hazard class

Safe underreasonably
foreseeableconditions

As for Class
1 except
may behazardous if
user
employs
opticsLow power;
eye protection
normally
afforded byaversion
responses

As for Class
2 except may
be morehazardous if
user employs
opticsDirectintra-bea
m viewing
may behazardous

Directintra-bea
m viewingnormally
hazardous

High power;
diffusereflections
may behazardous

Protective
housing

Required fora built-in
laser productRequired for each laser product; limits access necessary for performance offunctions of the products

Access panel
and safety
interlock

Shall be designed to prevent removal of the panel until
accessible emission values are below that for Class 3R

RemoteInterlock

Not required

Manual Reset

Not required

Key control

Requiresmanualreset if
powerinterrupte
d or
remoteinterlock is
actuated

Laser inoperative
when key is removed
Gives audible or visible warningwhen laser is switched on or if
capacitor bank of pulsed laser is
Not required
being charged. For Class 3R, only
applies if invisible radiation isemittedGives means to
Not required
temporarily blockbeam
Controls so located that there is nodanger of exposure to AEL above
Not required
Classes 1 or 2 when adjustments
are made
Emission from all viewing systems must be below Class 1M AEL
Not required

Emission
warningdeviceAttenuator
Locationcontrols
Viewing optics

Not required

Class label

Required wording

Aperture label
Label toaccess panel

Shall be designed to prevent
removal of the panel until
accessible emission values are
below that for Class 3B or 3R forsome products
Permits easy additionof external interlock inlaser installation

Figure 3 and Figure 4 and required wording in the IEC60825-1
Not required

Not required

This publication is copyright protected

Specified wording required

Required as appropriate to the class of accessible radiation/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA17
JBMS-86:2018

Table 1 - Summary of manufacture’s requirements (2 of 2)
Requirement
subclauses

Classification
Class 1

Class 1M

Class 2

Class 2M

Class 3R

Class 3B

Safetyinterlock andlabel to panel

Required under certain conditions as appropriate to the class of laser used

Warning tovisible/invisible
laser radiation

Required for certain wavelength ranges

Heat injury
warning label

If the accessible emission at the nearest point (aperture 3.5 mm)exceeds the AEL of class 3B, additional description is necessary.

Radiation
output label

None

Class 4

Not required

Cautionary statement is necessary.

Standard
informationlabel

It is necessary in productor information to
end-user.

User
information

Operation manuals must contain instructions for safe use. Additional requirements apply forClass 1M and Class 2M

Purchasing
and service
information

Promotion brochures must specify product classification; servicing manuals must containsafety information

Cautionary statement is necessary.

Note 1 The related part is extracted from Table F.2 in JIS C 6802: 2014 (IEC 60825-1:2014).
Note 2 As to details of each item, see Clause 6 “Engineering specifications” in JIS C 6802:2014(IEC 60825-1:2014).

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA18
JBMS-86:2018

5.2.2 Measures standards by class for the laser equipment
Meanwhile, in Japan, “Preventive measures for hazard due to laser beam” was prepared by Ministry of
Health,Labour and Welfare in order to prevent damage from workers who engage in business to handle
laser equipment.
Tables 2 to 4 are the summary of the measures by laser equipment class required for business
operators according to above plan. Business operators are required to take measures based on “List ofmeasures standards by laser equipment class”. These are applied in order to secure workers’ safety,
who engages in the projector manufacturing and its service.
NOTE 1Business operators operate business and employ workers (From Article 2 in the
Industrial Safety and Health Act).

NOTE 2 “Measures standards by laser equipment class” is based on Ministry of Health,Labourand Welfare’s Notification No.0325002 (March 25, 2005) “Preventive measures forhazard due to laser beam” and its exhibit; here the laser products of Class 1 and Class
2 are not included in the scope.
NOTE 3In the case of revision of the Ministry of Health,Labour and Welfare’s “Preventive
measures for hazard due to laser beam, the latest ruling is applicable.

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA19
JBMS-86:2018

Table 2 - List of measures standards by laser equipment class (Part 1) (1 of 3)
Laser equipment class
Item

1
2

1M

3R

2M

VisibleAppointment of the person in chargeof laser equipmentaDescription of measures

Invisible

○

3B

○

4

○

The person in charge of thelaser equipment shall be
appointed from those who haveenough knowledge andexperiences concerning
handling of laser equipment
and prevention of damage dueto the laser light.
Laser controlled area shall be
partitioned from other areas byfence, etc., and shall be clearlyspecified by signs, etc.

○

Controlled area (sign, off-limits)This publication is copyright protected/○

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA

Only authorized persons areallowed to enter the laser
controlled area, and measures
such as auto-lock, etc., shall betaken at the entrance asneeded.
Persons other than authorized
persons need to enter the laser
control area; they shall be act
under supervision of the person
in charge of the laser
equipment.

20
JBMS-86:2018

Table 2 - List of measures standards by laser equipment class (Part 1) (2 of 3)
Laser equipment class
1

Item

2
Position of
the laser
light path

1M
2M

○

3R
Visible○aInvisible

○

3B

○

Description of measures

4○

The laser light path shall be
set avoiding the eye level ofworkers.
The laser light path shallwherever possible haveminimum distance and kinks,
and shall not cross the
walkway and other pathways,
and shall be shielded.

Laser lightpath

Appropriate
design andshielding of
the light
path

○

○

a)

Around the place to install
the laser equipment, thefence to shield the laser
beam shall be set up.

b)

The fence shall be
opaque, absorbable, andnon-flammable against
laser light.

○

c)

Laser
equipment

Appropriate
terminal○b○

Key control

Emergency
stop switch

Emergency
stop switch,
etc.

○

○

○

○

Alarm
equipment○

ShutterThis publication is copyright protected

○

/

○

○

○

○

○

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA

Inside of the fence shallbe assigned as acontrolled area.
The terminal of the laser lightpath shall be diffuse reflective
material or diffuse absorption
materials.
Laser equipment structure
shall be designed as to be
operated by a key, etc.
The emergency stop switch
which is able to immediately
stop the laser light emission
shall be installed on control
panel and other necessary
places.
Alarm equipment such as
automatic indicator light which
is able to indicate the laser
light is under emission or
ready to emit shall be
installed.
At the emission hole of thelaser light of the laser
equipment, a shutter shall be
installed in order to prevent
unintentional emission of thelaser light.

21
JBMS-86:2018

Table 2 - List of measures standards by laser equipment class (Part 1) (3 of 3)
Laser equipment class
Item

1
2

1M
2M

3R
VisibleaDescription of measures

Invisible

Interlock system, etc.

○

Indication of emission hole

○

3B

4

○

○

○

○

In the case of opening of thefence of the laser control area,
or in the case of release ofshielding of the laser light path,measures such as interlock
functions shall be taken toprevent laser light emission.
At the emission hole, such
indication shall be placed.

NOTE
The symbol “circle (○) ” means actions are required.
a Visible light is the light of 400 nm through 700 nm wavelength, and invisible light is the light of wavelength other thansuch wavelength.
b As for the laser equipment listed in JIS C 6802:2014, Annex JA, JA 1.6, the laser light terminal treatment is required.

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA22
JBMS-86:2018

Table 3 - List of measures standards by laser equipment class (Part 2) (1 of 3)
Laser equipment class
1

Item

2

1M

3R

2M

VisibleaInvisible

Work management/Health management

4○

Operating position

Measures while adjustment of
the optical systems

3B

○

○

Protective
eyeglasses
Working
clothes withless skin
exposure

○

○ ○

○

○ ○
○ ○

Operation of laser equipment shallbe carried out at the position as far
as possible from the laser light.

When adjustment of the opticalsystem is carried out by the laser
light, the adjustment shall be
carried out with the minimum power
output of the laser light

Effective eyeglasses shall be wornby workers depending on the classof laser. However, in the casemeasures to prevent damage fromeye are taken, it is not applicable.
(Note: protective eye glasses forlaser shall be used.)
Working clothes with less skin
exposure and of nonflammablematerials shall be worn by workers.
In particular, chemical fiber clothes
which become a ball when melted isundesirable.

Protective
equipment
Use of flame
resistancematerials

This publication is copyright protected

Description of measures○/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA23
JBMS-86:2018

Table 3 - List of measures standards by laser equipment class (Part 2) (2 of 3)
Laser equipment class
Item

1
2

1M

3R

2M

VisibleaDescription of measures

Invisible

3B

4
Before starting work, let the person
in charge of the laser equipment
check the laser light path, interlock
functions, etc., and the protective
equipment.
Within the specified period, let theperson who has expertise in thelaser equipment check the laser
equipment focusing on the following
items and fix it.

Checkout / MaintenanceThis publication is copyright protected

○

○

/

○

a)

Presence or absence ofabnormality of the output of thelaser light, mode, beam
diameter, spread angle,
oscillating wavelength.

b)Presence or absence ofabnormality of the input power,
exciting voltage, current,
insulation, grounding, etc.

c)

Presence or absence ofabnormality of the actuation of
the safety equipment,
automatic indicator lamp,
shutter, interlock functions, etc.

d)Presence or absence ofabnormality of the power
meter, power monitor, etc.

e)

Presence or absence ofabnormality of the movableparts of the fan, shutter, etc.

f)

Presence or absence ofabnormality of the coolingequipment, gas supply
equipment, hazardous gas
removal equipment, dust
removable equipment, etc.

○ ○Copyright © 2018 JBMIA24
JBMS-86:2018

Table 3 - List of measures standards by laser equipment class (Part 2) (3 of 3)
Laser equipment class
1

Item

2

1M

3R

2M

VisibleaInvisible

3B

4

Description of measures

If workers who engage in the laser
work are newly employed, orchange of the workers’ work and letthem engage in such work, or in thecase of change of laser equipmentin use, the education according to
Section 1 or Section 2 in Article 59
in the Industrial Safety and Health
Act shall be carried out. In thiscase, particularly keep in mind thefollowing items are to be included.

Safety and health education

○

○

○

○ ○

[Contents of the safety and healtheducation]a) Behaviour, risk andhazardousness of the laserb) The principle and structure of thelaser equipmentc) Handling methods of the laser
equipmentd) Functions and handling methodsof the safety equipment andprotective equipmente) Actions and evacuation in caseof emergency

Anterior eye
check(cornea,crystalline
lens)

○

○ ○

Healthmanagement
Fundusexamination

As to workers who usually engage
in the laser work, if they are newly
employed or change of the job, inaddition to eyesight check, anterior
eye (cornea, crystalline lens)
examination and fundus
examination shall be carried out.

○

NOTE
The symbol “○” means actions are required.
a Visible light is the light of 400 nm through 700 nm wavelength range, and invisible light is the light of wavelength otherthan such wavelength range.

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA25
JBMS-86:2018

Table 4 - List of measures standards by laser equipment class (Part 3)
Laser equipment class
1

Item

2

1M
2M

3R
VisibleThe person in
charge of thelaser equipment

NoticeRisk
Hazardousness
Items to handle
with careaInvisible

○
○

○

○

Notice of thelaser equipment
installation

Notice of the high-voltage partof the laser equipment

3B

○ ○

The following items shall be
noticed at the easy-to-see
place such as the entrance ofthe laser controlled area.
a)

Name of the person in
charge of the laser
equipmentb)Risk, hazardousness of
the laser light, andprecautions in handlingthe laser equipmentc)

Notice of the laser
equipment installation

○ ○

○ ○

○

○

○

○ ○

Others
No carry-in hazardous
materials○ ○Measures for poisonous gas,dust, etc.

Doctor’s diagnosis andtreatment for persons who
suspected to have healthdamage due to the laser
beam.

Description of measures

4

○ ○

○

○

○

○ ○

At the high-voltage parts of thelaser equipment, such shall be
noticed, and measures toprevent electric shock bytouching such parts shall betaken as well.
Explosive materials, flammablematerials, etc., shall not be
carried in the laser controlled
area.
In the case of laser operation,
when poisonous gas, dust,
etc., are generated, in order toprevent the health damages
due to such materials,
measures such as seal-up
facilities, local ventilationequipment, gas mask, anddust mask which areprescribed by the Industrial
Safety and Health Act shall betaken.
Let get doctor’s diagnosis ortreatment for persons who
suspected to have damage
due to the laser beam as soon
as possible.

NOTE
The symbol “○” means actions are required.
a Visible light is the light of 400 nm through 700 nm wavelength range, and invisible light is the light of wavelength otherthan such wavelength range.

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA26
JBMS-86:2018

5.3 Indication on product
As for the projectors designed to function as conventional lamps, assessment of safety of its emission
light by IEC 62471 standards group is accepted in the latest laser safety standards (see JIS C 6802
(IEC 60825-1:2014), 4.4). However, as for the leaked lights other than the projection light, they are
required to be classify according to JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1), so placement of labels on the laser
product bodies having such projectors shall follow the label indication directions set down in Clause 7 in
JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1). Furthermore, they are required to follow the indication requirements in IEC
62471-5 as described in Clause 6.
5.3.1

Labelling on the projector

Labelling on projector shall comply with the directions for labels shown in Clause 7 in JIS C 6802 (IEC60825-1). Durable labels shall be stuck, or they can be directly printed or engraved on the projector.
a) Warning label
The symbol, outline, color, and size of the warning label shall comply with Figure 3 in JIS C 6802 (IEC60825-1). These dimensions are recommended values. As long as they are proportional to the values,
the symbol and border may be of any legible size as required to suit the size of the projector.
b) Explanatory label
The symbol, outline, color, and size of the explanatory label shall comply with Figure 4 or Figure 5 to
Figure 12 in JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1). These dimensions are recommended values. As for the
projectors that fill the condition of laser safety standards (see JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1:2014), 4.4) shallbe required the explanatory label for Class1 on the product.
c) Aperture label
Each Class 3R, Class 3B and Class 4 laser product shall have affixed a label close to each aperture
through which laser radiation in excess of the AEL for Class 1 or Class 2 is emitted. The label(s) shallbear the words listed in Table 5 with arbitrary character size.
(see JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1), 7.8)

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA27
JBMS-86:2018

Table 5 - Requirement for labeling and the words
Product
class

Explanatory label

Alarm label

Alternative Labela.b

Aperture label

a,b

CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCTClass 1
Unnecessary
LASER RADIATIONDO NOT EXPOSE USERS OFTELESCOPIC OPTICS
CLASS 1M LASER PRODUCTClass 1M

Unnecessary

LASER RADIATIONDO NOT STARE INTO THE BEAM
OR EXPOSEUSERS OFTELESCOPIC OPTICS
CLASS 2M LASER PRODUCTClass 2M

Class 3R
Necessary

Class 4a

LASER RADIATIONDO NOT STARE INTO BEAM
CLASS 2 LASER PRODUCTClass 2

Class 3Ba

LASER RADIATIONAVOID DIRECT EYE EXPOSURE
CLASS 3R LASER PRODUCTWARNING - LASER RADIATIONAVOID EXPOSURE TO BEAM.
CLASS 3B LASER PRODUCTDANGER - LASER RADIATIONAVOID EYE OR SKIN EXPOSURE
TO DIRECT OR SCATTEREDRADIATION
CLASS 4 LASER PRODUCT

LASER
APERTUREor
APERTURE FOR
LASER
RADIATIONorAVOIDEXPOSURE －LASER
RADIATION IS
EMITTED FROMTHIS APERTURE
OR
THE LABELBELOWNOTE a) Instead of the explanatory labels, at the discretion of the manufacturer, the same statements may be included in theinformation for the user.
b)
As for the projectors that fill the condition of laser safety standards (see JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1:2014), 4.4) shallbe required the explanatory label for Class1 on the product.

d) Labels for access panels
According to JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1), the access panel which, when removed or displaced permits
human access to laser radiation in excess of the AEL for Class 1, shall have affixed labels bearing thewords shown in Table 6 is written down. (see JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1), 7.10)
NOTE Depending on presence or absence of the safety interlock on the panel, contents ofphrase to write down are different (see Table 6).
The term access panel means part of protective housing or enclosure, and a movable part set in one
step of work procedures (to open the access panel) enables the laser product exert its necessaryfunctions. In a projector, it corresponds to the light source cover if the manufacturer permits change oflight source unit by the user. Also the optical cover included in part of the optical engine is applicable if
the worker likely to be exposed to higher radiation by opening it during servicing.
This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA28
JBMS-86:2018

Table 6 - The wording of labels for access panels
Laser classprotected by
the accesspanel

The panel without safety interlock, or thepanel with a safety interlock which cannot beeasily unlocked a

The panel with a safety interlock which can beeasily unlocked

Class 1

Unnecessary

Unnecessary

CAUTION－
CLASS 1M LASER RADIATION WHEN
OPEN DO NOT VIEW DIRECTLY WITHTELESCOPESCAUTION－
CLASS
1M
LASER
RADIATION WHEN OPEN
Class 1M
AND INTERLOCKS DEFEATED DO NOT VIEW
DIRECTLY WITH TELESCOPESCAUTION－CAUTION－
CLASS 2 LASER RADIATION WHEN OPEN
Class 2
CLASS 2 LASER RADIATION WHEN OPEN
AND INTERLOCKS DEFEATED DO NOT STARE
DO NOT STARE INTO THE BEAM
INTO THE BEAM
CAUTION－CAUTION－
CLASS 2M LASER RADIATION WHEN
CLASS 2M LASER RADIATION WHEN OPEN
Class 2M
OPEN DO NOT STARE INTO THE BEAM OR AND INTERLOCKS DEFEATED DO NOT STARE
VIEW DIRECTLY WITH TELESCOPES
INTO THE BEAM OR VIEW
DIRECTLY WITH TELESCOPESb
CAUTION－CAUTION－
CLASS 3R LASER RADIATION WHEN OPEN
Class 3R
CLASS 3R LASER RADIATION WHEN
AND INTERLOCKS DEFEATED AVOID DIRECT
OPEN AVOID DIRECT EYE EXPOSURE
EYE EXPOSURE
WARNNING－c
WARNING –
CLASS
3B
LASER
RADIATION WHEN OPEN
CLASS 3B LASER RADIATION WHEN
Class 3BAND
INTERLOCKSDEFEATED AVOID
OPEN AVOID EXPOSURE TO THE BEAM c
EXPOSURE TO THE BEAMDANGER－DANGER –CLASS 4 LASER RADIATION WHEN OPEN
CLASS 4 LASER RADIATION WHEN OPEN AND INTERLOCKS DEFEATED AVOID EYE OR
Class 4AVOID EYE OR SKIN EXPOSURE TO
SKIN EXPOSURE TO DIRECT OR SCATTEREDDIRECT OR SCATTERED RADIATIONRADIATIONNOTE
Quoted from Table 1.5.2 of Section 5 of Part 1 in the “Laser safety guidebook 4th edition”［2］ However,a part of its contents are revised in accordance with JIS C 6802-2014 (IEC 60825-1:2014)).
NOTE a) Even if one open the panel with a safety interlock which cannot be easily unlocked, if the human body is
not exposed to the laser radiation which exceeds of the AEL for Class 1 due to the action of the safety
interlock, labelling is not required.
NOTE b) If human bodies likely to exposes to laser the light of the AEL of class 3R or upper when the panels of
the products class 2M or lower are uncovered or removed for maintenance or operations, the safety
locks are compulsory. As for definition of the maintenance, see 3.56 in JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1).
NOTE c) If human bodies likely to exposes to the laser light of the AEL of class 3B or upper when the panels of
the products are uncovered or removed for maintenance or operations, the safety locks are compulsory.
As for definition of the maintenance, see 3.56 in JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1).

5.4 Requirements for operation manual
The following important information shall be described in the manual for users according to subclause
8.1 in JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1).
a) To describe precautions to avoid possibilities of exposure to hazardous laser radiation. Enoughdirections for proper assembling, maintenance and safe use of the laser product including clear
warning are to be included.
b) As to laser products of Class 1M and 2M, additional warning that the user should not point thebeam at the area where telescopic optical instruments (for example, telescopes and binoculars),This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA29
JBMS-86:2018

are likely to be used because it may be harmful to eyes to see the laser output.
c) For laser radiation levels above the AEL of Class 1, a description of any radiation pattern(s) emitted
from the protective housing during the performance of operation and maintenance procedures. The
following items are to be expressed in appropriate units. These have to include inaccuracy such as
variation in products and measurement deviation. For example, even if the maximum output was 1
W at the manufacturing point, some laser increases the power with time. If its addition is estimatedas 0.5 W, the maximum output has to be expressed as 1.5 W. If the output exceeds the output limit
due to power failure etc., the possible maximum output value is to be used except the case whereappropriate safety measures against failures are arranged.
－

wavelength,－

beam divergence,－pulse duration and repetition rate (description of irregular pulse pattern),－

Maximum power or energy outputd) As to embedded laser products and other incorporated laser products, descriptions about theembedded leaser information have to be provided. The information shall also include appropriate
safety instructions to the user to avoid inadvertent exposure to hazardous laser radiation. These
are necessary if there are possibilities to stare into the beam exceeding the AEL of the radiation
exposure level for each class during maintenance of the embedded type laser products classified
as Class 1, Class 1M, Class 2 and Class 2M. In this case the manufacturer shall include a warningthat intrabeam viewing of the laser shall be prevented.
e) As to Class 3B and Class 4, MPE and NOHD have to be provided. For collimated-beam Class 1M
and Class 2M lasers, the extended NOHD (ENOHD) shall be stated, where appropriate andrelevant.
f)

Information concerning selection of eye protection has to be provided properly. Also, the opticaldensity is to be included which is necessary information same as that of allowable incoming
radiance and radiant exposure levels on surface of eye protection equipment. Resistance levels of
the eye protection equipment are determined by such values.
NOTE Many countries have regulations and standards for personal protective equipment. As
to these requirements, it is necessary to ask authorities of countries of concerned.

g) Warning labels noticeable to users should be placed on the laser product or copies of all necessary
labels and clear hazard warning display (color is black monotone or near label color) to attach thelaser product should be provided. In addition, proper position to place each label on the productshall be clearly specified. Or if labels are provided together with the product without placing themon the product (due to limit of the size), the reasons why labels are not placed and attached to the
product have to be explained, and how and in what forms they are to be provided have to be
explained. In the case of placing graphic alternative labels shown in Figure 5 through Figure 13 in
JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1) on the product, the texts correspond to them along with copies of graphic
labels have to be clearly stated.
h) A clear indication in the manual of all locations through which laser radiation exceeding the Class 1
AEL is emitted.
This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA30
JBMS-86:2018i)

Warning statements including the following text should be included on the lists concerning controls,
adjustments and procedures for operation and maintenance.
“Caution – Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than thosespecified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure.”j)

If the laser product lacks power-supply unit, necessary information concerning appropriate
power-supply unit shall be noted in order to ensure safety (Name of the manufacturer and themodel of recommended power-supply unit, etc.).

k) The laser products with high-diffusing beam of Class 1, Class 1M, Class 2, Class 2M and Class 3R
may emit irradiance high enough to cause skin hazard or iris hazard at near light source or contact
point. Furthermore, under these conditions, the product with wavelength of 1000nm or more may
cause corneal injury. In order to make users aware of these risks, warnings for users shall be
included.
NOTE The descriptions in a) through k) are based on Section 6.1 in Part 1 in the “Laser safety
guidebook: 4th edition” edited by Optoelectronics Industry and Technology Development
Association published by Advanced Communication Media Co., Ltd. However, thecontents are partly updated in accordance with JIS C 6802:2014 (IEC 60825-1:2014).
5.5

Requirements for servicing information

Based on subclause 6.2 in JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1), the maintenance schedule necessary to maintainthe products, avoidance measures for laser emission exposure, clear alerts to avoid other hazards andthe notes of caution shall be included in the servicing information for the adjustment work and its
procedures of each product for the service agent, retailer, and other persons who request them.
Furthermore, these servicing information must include clear directions about the position of theremovable part of the protective housing which may cause laser emission exposure exceed given
product’s AEL, and the procedures available to persons other than the manufacturers and their agentsto increase the laser emission exposure level, the procedures to protect service persons, and clear
copies (color is free) of the required labels and hazard warning.
a) Maintenance schedule for the service person necessary for maintenance of the product.
NOTE This designated by the manufacturers, and it is assumed that this is carried out by theservice parson has special knowledge; accordingly, it is not intended to be carried out
by users.
b) Warning to avoid the possibility of hazardous laser emission exposure which exceeds Class 1 AEL.
FAs for the statement, it is desirable to use the standardized phrase among manufacturers.
Example 1

Warning that if you open the protective housing, it is likely to be exposed tohazardous laser emission.

Example 2

Warning that you shall not look into the laser light.

Example 3

Warning that if you ignore the warning, there may be serious damage to the humanbody.

c) In the safety equipment required by the standards, the functions known to the service person who
This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA31
JBMS-86:2018has been designated by the manufacturer and has special knowledge in performing service
procedures.
NOTE The unlock mechanism of the safety interlock and the notice of warning during unlocking
are included.
d) The position of removable protective housing. In the case of the protective housing which has themechanism to unlock the safety interlock, the position of the safety interlock, and the unlock method.
e) The list of laser emission control methods, and control position in the service procedures.
NOTE The method of the laser oscillation and the method of control equipment which is able tocontrol the laser output and the position of it are equivalent to this.
f) Clear copies (color is free) of all labels affixed to the laser product.

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA32
JBMS-86:20186

Safety standard for projection light of projectors

6.1 General
6.1.1

Relation with laser safety standard

The latest laser safety standard permit to assess the safety of optical radiation of the laser products
designed to function as conventional lamps according to IEC 62471 series (see JIS C 6802 (IEC60825-1), 4.4).
IEC 62471 series is standards concerning photobiological safety for lamps and lamp systems and thesafety standard concerning projection light of image projectors (IEC 62471-5) has been established as
one of them. Consequently, as to the image projectors even if it incorporates laser device as lightsource, the risks of the projection light can be assessed by IEC 62471-5 if they meet subclause 4.4 of
JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1) (see Clause 4).
6.1.2

Scope of IEC 62741-5

The scope of IEC 62471-5 is shown in Table 7. Image projectors with lamps or LEDs, and laser
illuminated projectors meet requirements in subclause 4.4 of JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1) are included in
the scope (see IEC 62471-5, Clause 1).
Table 7 - Scope of IEC 62471-5
Product example
Applicableproducts

Image projector with xenon lamp, halogen lamp, extra high pressure mercury lamp, LED.
Image projector with diffused light from laser device.
Applicable products are limited to the projectors emit visible light.

Inapplicableproducts

Laser display equipment with laser scanning device.
Ultraviolet (UV) projector.
Infrared (IR) projector.
Lamp for general lighting. Projection lamp for general lighting.

6.1.3

Risk group classification of projectors

By applying IEC 62471-5, photobiological risks of projection light of image projectors are assessed andimage projectors are classified into four risk groups ranging from safe exempt group (RG0) to thehighest risk group (RG3). Explanations of these risk groups and examples of the image projectors areshown in Table 8.
According to IEC 62471-5, risk group classification of the projectors shall be done by manufacturers.
Manufacturers shall determine the risk groups of the projectors and shall take necessary safetymeasures depending on the risk group (see 6.2, 6.3 and Annex A).

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA33
JBMS-86:2018

Table 8 - Risk group classification of image projectors
Risk group

Explanation of the risk

ExampleExempt Group(RG0)

Continuous use does not cause opticalhazard.

Risk Group 1(RG1)

It is safe for almost all applications except for
direct observation of the light source for a very
long time (100 seconds or more).

Risk Group 2(RG2)

Optical hazard does not be caused becauseof aversive reaction. It is safe to use underalmost all conditions except the case ofstaring into the beam.

Projectors for consumer use.

Risk Group 3(RG3)

Instantaneous exposures at close distancecause optical hazard. Safety measures are
absolutely necessary.

Projectors for professional use.

Pico-projector.
Toy-projector.

NOTE Explanations of risks are based on IEC 62471-5, 4.1.

6.2
6.2.1

Basis of risk group determination
Test conditions

According to IEC 62471-5, risk assessment of the projection light shall be carried out under theconditions of the maximum emission power by setting the light source to maximum output andprojecting all white image. Furthermore, all expected operating conditions appropriate to the intended
use of the product shall be considered. Environmental conditions and single fault condition are includedin factors to be considered (see IEC 62471-5, 5.1).
6.2.2 Assessment items for risks
In IEC 62471-5, the risks shown in Table 9 are assessed for the projection light. Necessity ofassessment for each hazard depends on types of the light source and transmission characteristics ofthe optical system. As to the projectors with laser device as light source, the assessments of retinal
thermal hazard and retinal blue-light hazard are required (see IEC 62471-5, Annex A).
The projectors with laser device as light source may use incoherent light (For example, luminescence
excited by laser and light emitted from LED) along with diffused laser light. In this case, theassessments shall be carried out by combining all of the optical radiations.
Table 9 - Assessment items for risks of the projection light
HazardWavelength range

1)

Skin & eye UV

200～400 nm

2)

Eye UV-A

315～400 nm

3)Retinal blue-light300～700 nm

4)Retinal thermal

380～1 400 nm

5)

Eye IR

780～3 000 nm

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA34
JBMS-86:2018

6.2.3

Assessment criteria

The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) has published guidelines[4] [5]concerning risk assessment of optical radiation. In the ICNIRP guidelines, the exposure limit foreach hazard is expressed as a function of exposure time.
In IEC 62471-5, time bases for risk assessment are defined (see 6.2.4), and accessible emission limits(AELs) for each hazard are determined by applying the time bases to the ICNIRP guidelines.
Additionally, adjustment conditions of the projection lens (see 6.2.5) and measurement distance of the
projection light (see 6.2.6) are specified as projector specific assessment conditions.
6.2.4

Time bases

The risks of projection light shall be assessed based on the time bases defined in IEC 62471-5. The
time bases are permissible exposure time considered for each risk group, and the longest time base isassigned to the exempt group (RG0). However, the time base for retinal thermal hazard is 0.25 second
regardless of risk group. This assignment is based on the consideration that the exposure time longer
than 0.25 second will not cause any change in risk because of aversive reactions such as eyewinks
occur against bright light.
6.2.5

Projection lensTo determine the risk group of projectors, the projection lens shall be adjusted shown in Table 10 (seeIEC 62417-5, 5.2.1).
Table 10 - Adjustment conditions for projection lensLens system of
the projector

Lens types or the selection method of
the interchangeable lens
Optical zoom lens

Optical zoom
adjustment

Adjust so that the ratio between the radianceand the AEL becomes maximum. a)

Non-interchangeable

Interchangeable

NOTE

Focus adjustment

Fixed focal length lens

N/A

If the lens of throw ratio 2.0 is available,
such a lens shall be used.

Set throw ratio at 2.0.

If the lens of throw ratio 2.0 is notavailable, the lens with minimum throw
ratio greater than 2.0 shall be used.

Make the throw ratio
minimum(In the case of the
optical zoom lens).

Adjust so that theradiance becomesmaximum.

Adjust so that theradiance becomesmaximum.

a) This means that optical zoom and focus are adjusted so that the risk becomes the highest.

As for the projector with interchangeable lens, risk group determinations are required not only for
projector itself but also for the installed conditions of each interchangeable lens. In this case, throw ratio
shall be set to maximum value for each interchangeable lens and the focus shall be adjusted so thatthe radiance becomes maximum (see IEC 62471-5, 6.7).

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA35
JBMS-86:2018

6.2.6

Measurement distanceTo determine the risk group of projectors, the projection light shall be assessed at a distance of 1.0 m
from the closest point of human access toward the light source (for instance, the front lens surface)along the axis of the light beam (see IEC 62471-5, 5.2.2).
NOTE

The background to determine measurement distance as 1.0 m is described in IEC
62471-5, Annex D.

6.3

Requirements for manufacturers

As mentioned above, manufacturers shall determine the risk group of projectors, and take safetymeasures depending on the risk group. The summary of requirements defined in IEC 62471-5 is shownin Table 11 through Table 14. As to projectors and interchangeable lenses, manufacturers shall provide
information concerning the hazard distance and necessary information on normal operation,
maintenance and service to users through the labeling and the manual.
The hazard distance is the distance where accessible emission becomes equal to the RG2 AEL for
retinal thermal hazard, and staring into the projection light from the projector within the hazard distanceis considered as dangerous behavior. Particularly, the projectors with hazard distance of 1 m or longer
are classified into RG3, and require appropriate controls. In the case of the projector withinterchangeable lens, the hazard distance may exceed 1 m by installing the lens with larger throw ratio
even if the projector is classified into RG2. In this case, controls according to RG3 are necessary.
In designing of projectors, variations in the product installation place and the projection direction (forexample, ceiling mounting) shall be considered. Furthermore, in the case of RG2 and RG3 projectors,
safety feature at the beginning of the projection (soft start) shall be additionally considered.

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA36
JBMS-86:2018

Table 11 - Summary of requirements for manufacturers (Part 1)

Accessible
emission for
7invisible light(IEC 62471-5,
4.4, 6.1)
Soft start(IEC 62471-5,
6.3)
Labeling on
the products(IEC 62471-5,
6.5)

Risk group of the projector
RG0
RG1
RG2
RG3
Accessible emission for UV, UV-A and IR shall not exceed the following AEL.
AEL of
AEL of RG1
AEL of RG2
AEL of RG2
RG0
Not requiredNot
required

Not required(the followinga) may beplacedoptionally)a) RG1 label

The initial emission from the projector after power on shall be controlled
so that the full power emission start no sooner than one full second
after light is first emitted from the lens (the full power emission includes
any partial irradiance of the projection area).
Any one of the following b), c)
All of the following e), f) and g) shalland d) shall be placed.
be placed.

b) RG2 label (example)
Caution
Do not stare into the beam
RG2

・Similar text including “RG2” isacceptable.
・Text and border shall be black
on a yellow background.

c) RG2 caution symbole) RG3 label (example)
Warning!
Do not look into the beam.
No direct eye exposure to the beam ispermitted
RG3
Hazard Distance: Refer to the manual

・Similar text including “RG3” isacceptable.
・Text and border shall be black on ayellow background.
f) Optical radiation warning symbol

RG2
・Symbol shall be black on a yellow
・The symbol should be placedbackground.
near the projection lens.
・The symbol may be directly
printed or engraved on the
product.
d) RG2 caution symbolg) Symbol for “Not for consumer use”
(example)

NOTE 1NOTE 2NOTE 3
NOTE 4NOTE 5・Similar design including“RG2” is acceptable.
・The symbol should be placednear the projection lens.
・The symbol may be directly
printed or engraved on the
product.
The requirements are quoted and summarized from IEC 62471-5, Clause 4 and 6. Relevant subclauses
are indicated in the leftmost column.
The risk group of the projector shall be determined according to IEC 62471-5, Clause 5.
RG3 products are intended for professional use only, not intended for consumer use.
The labels should be placed so that they are readable without exposing to optical radiation exceeding
the AEL of the risk group of the product.
Laser projectors meet JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1), 4.4, generally classified as Class 1, shall follow thelabeling requirement of JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1), 7.2 as well.

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA37
JBMS-86:2018

Table 12 Summary of requirements for manufacturers (Part 2)
Risk group of the projector
RG2
RG3
The following text in i)
The following k) shall be included
shall be stated in thein user information.
manual and the product The following texts in l) and m)
information.
shall be stated in the manual and
The following j) should
product information.
The following n) should be
be included in the
manual.
included in the manual.
i) “As with any brightk) Hazard information includingh) “RG1 IEC
source, do not stare
hazard distance
62471-5:2015”
into the beam, RG2l) “No direct eye exposure to theIEC 62471-5:2015”
beam is permitted, RG3 IEC
62471-5:2015”
・Similar text including
・Similar text including the risk
the risk group,
standard name and its
group, standard name and its
edition is acceptable.
edition is acceptable.
m) “Operators shall control accessto the beam within the hazard
distance or install the product at
the height that will prevent
exposures of spectators’ eyes
within the hazard distance”
・Similar text is acceptable.
j) Reproductions of alln) Reproductions of all required
required labels
labelsUser information In the case where the light source of the projector can be replaced, risks and proper procedures
for maintenance shall be clearly stated in the instructions for the replacement.
(IEC 62471-5,
The following matters shall be
6.6.4)
included in user information.
・In the case of maintenance of
RG3 projectors, only authorizedtrained service personnel for
RG3 products shall performthese tasks.
RG0
User information Not
required(IEC 62471-5,
6.6.1～6.6.3)

RG1
The following h) shallbe stated in the
manual and the
product information.

Advice on safe operating procedures and warnings concerning reasonably foreseeable misuse,
malfunctions and hazardous failure modes shall be given in the user manual. Where
maintenance procedures are detailed, they shall include explicit instructions on safe practices.
Interchangeable
lens(IEC 62471-5,
6.7)
Information forservicing( IEC 62471-5,
Clause 7)

The projectors which can install interchangeable lenses with throw ratio greater than 2.0 andthe hazard distance exceeds 1 m shall meet requirements shown in Table 13.
The interchangeable lenses with hazard distance longer than 1 m in combination withprojectors shall meet requirements shown in Table 14.
In addition to user information for maintenance, sufficient information for safety training ofservicing personnel shall be provided.
Services for laser illuminated projectors contain Class 3B or Class 4 embedded lasers(generally Class 1 laser products during operation) shall be performed only by authorized,
trained servicing personnel (IEC 60825-1, IEC TR 60825-14).

NOTE 1 The requirements are quoted and summarized from IEC 62471-5, Clause 6 and 7. Relevant subclauses
are indicated in the leftmost column.
NOTE 2 The risk group of the projector shall be determined according to IEC 62471-5, Clause 5.
NOTE 3 RG3 products are intended for professional use only, not intended for consumer use.
NOTE 4 It is not mandatory to include reproductions of labels in the manual in IEC 62471-5. However, it ismandatory in JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1).

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA38
JBMS-86:2018

Table 13 - Requirements for the projectors with interchangeable lenses whose hazard distanceexceeds 1 m
Risk group of the projector (determined at throw ratio 2.0)
RG0
RG1
RG2
RG3
Warning
The following message or similar shall be added to the RG label or RG2 caution symbol. This warninglabels for the shall be provided as labels even if the original risk group is RG0 or RG1. Text and border of the warning
projector
label shall be black on a yellow background.
(IEC 62471-5, (“xxx” in the message is unique value for each projector)
6.7.2)Same
Example 1) Add warning
Example 2) Add warning
Example 4) Add warning
warninglabel
message to RG1 label
message to RG2 label
labels as
normal RG3
RG1
CautionThis projector may
projector are
become RG3 when an
This projector may
Do not stare into the beam
used (seeinterchangeable lensbecome RG3 when an
RG2
with throw ratio greater
Table 11).
interchangeable lens
than xxx is installed.
Refer to the manual forthe lens list and hazard
distance before
operation.
Such combination ofprojector and lens areintended for professionaluse only, and not for
consumer use.

with throw ratio greaterthan xxx is installed.
Refer to the manual forthe lens list and hazard
distance before
operation.
Such combination ofprojector and lens areintended for professionaluse only, and not for
consumer use.

Example 3) Add warning
labelThis projector may
become RG3 when aninterchangeable lenswith throw ratio greaterthan xxx is installed.
Refer to the manual forthe lens list and hazard
distance before
operation.
Such combination ofprojector and lens areintended for professionaluse only, and not for
consumer use.

This projector may become
RG3 when aninterchangeable lens withthrow ratio greater than xxx
is installed. Refer to themanual for the lens list andhazard distance before
operation.
Such combination ofprojector and lens areintended for professionaluse only, and not for
consumer use.

Example 5) Add warning label
to RG2 caution symbol

RG2
This projector may become
RG3 when aninterchangeable lens withthrow ratio greater than xxx
is installed. Refer to themanual for the lens list andhazard distance before
operation.
Such combination ofprojector and lens areintended for professionaluse only, and not for
consumer use.

Manual for
The following a) through c) shall be included in the manual.
the projector a) Explanations about changes in risks by installing the interchangeable lens.
(IEC 62471-5,
The following warning of RG3 projector or similar text shall be included in the explanations.
6.7.4)
・“No direct eye exposure to the beam is permitted”
・“Operators shall control access to the beam within the hazard distance or install the product at
the height that will prevent exposures of spectators’ eyes within the hazard distance”
The above warning labels (reproductions) shall be included as well.
b) List of model numbers (or model names) of the interchangeable lenses for the projector.
c) Hazard distance at the maximum throw ratio of each lens when interchangeable lenses are installed
to the projector.
(The information should be provided to users by easy-to-understand ways such as a table or graph)
NOTE 1 The requirements are quoted and summarized from IEC 62471-5, Clause 6. Relevant subclauses areindicated in the leftmost column.
NOTE 2 In the case of projectors that the hazard distance does not exceed 1 m for available interchangeable lenses,
measures of this table are not required.

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA39
JBMS-86:2018

Table 14 - Requirements for the interchangeable lenses whose hazard distance exceeds 1 m
Marking on“Throw Ratio Range” or “Model Number” shall be marked with their relevant parameter value.
interchangeab ・The mark may be directly printed or engraved on the interchangeable lenses.
le lenses
・After installing to the projector, the mark shall be seeable to users. In the case where the mark is(IEC 62471-5,
unseeable from outside, the information of the mark and the information on the warning label on
6.7.3)
the projector in Table 13 shall be displayed on the projection screen. The information shall be
displayed at the beginning of the projection by emissions below the RG3 until manually ended.
Manual of
The following a) through d) shall be included in the manual.
interchangeab a) Explanations about changes in risks by installing the interchangeable lens.
le lenses
The following warning of RG3 projectors or similar text shall be included in the explanations.
(IEC 62471-5,
・“No direct eye exposure to the beam is permitted”
6.7.5)
・“Operators shall control access to the beam within the hazard distance or install the
product at the height that will prevent exposures of spectators’ eyes within the hazard
distance”b) Throw ratio range of the lensc) List of model numbers (or model names) of projectors with which the lens may be usedd) Hazard distance at the maximum throw ratio when the lens is installed to typical projector.
(The information should be provided to users by easy-to-understand ways such as a table orgraph)NOTE 1 The requirements are quoted and summarized from IEC 62471-5, Clause 6. Relevant subclauses areindicated in the leftmost column.
NOTE 2 In the case of interchangeable lenses that the hazard distance does not exceed 1 m for installable
projectors, measures of this table are not required.

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA40
JBMS-86:20187

Original requirements to be considered for laser projectors

Requirements in this clause are original requirements of this document, and they are not required in therelated reference standards.
7.1 Safety guideline in normal use
7.1.1 Requirements for accident avoidance of Intrabeam viewing
In the case of the projector, regardless of the types of the light source (lamp, LED, laser, etc.) andclassification (risk group, laser class, etc.), it is(potentially)likely to have negative impact on the humanbody to directly watch strong light projected from the projection lens onto screen from inside the beam
for long time, so the following notes of caution shall be provided.
7.1.1.1 Requirements for projector
As to the projectors upper than RG2 or RG3, placing labels on the products is required in clause 6.
However, according to Table 15, this document call users attention using the mark of the projector withlamp system with exit aperture and “Stare-in prohibition mark (see Figure 5)” designed after the symbolin Figure 8 in IEC 62471-5 which are applicable to any risk groups.

Figure 5 - Example of “Stare-in prohibition mark”

Table 15 - Requirements for Stare-in prohibition mark in this standard and IEC 62471-5
Risk group

Requirements in this standard

Requirements in IEC 62471-5

RG0

Not required

RG1

Not required

注)
RG2

Follow IEC 62471-5

RG2
RG3

Not required

NOTE In IEC 62471-5 signage of RG2 in addition to the Stare-in prohibition mark in Figure 5 arerequired in RG2 category. However, it is acceptable in the warning text as well, and it is one ofthe options. See table 11 for details.

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA41
JBMS-86:2018

7.1.1.2 Requirements for operation manual
Note of caution such as “Don’t stare into the projection lens.” shall be written down.
NOTE The rules in 7.4.3 may be combined, also a supplementary note of caution may be written
down.
7.1.2 Requirements for accident avoidance of intrabeam viewing using optical equipment
In the case of the projector, regardless of the types of the light source (lamp, LED, laser, etc.) andclassification (risk group, laser class, etc.), it is likely to have negative impact on the human body tolook into strong light projected from the projection lens onto screen from inside the beam using opticalequipment (loupe, etc.), so the following note of caution shall be provided.
7.1.2.1 Requirements for operation manual
A note of caution such as “Don’t enter into the beam by using optical equipment (loupe, etc.)” shall be
written down.
7.1.3 Accident avoidance in the case of usually unforeseeable actions
In the case of use by children, it is hard to completely eliminate the possibility that the accident may becaused by the handling of the projector other than usually reasonably foreseeable handling method, so
the following note of caution shall be provided.
7.1.3.1 Requirements for operation manual
In the case of the projectors which exceed Class 2 or more, a note of caution such as “When it is likely
to be touched by children, this shall be used under the control and supervision by the adult.” shall be
written down.
NOTE The rules in 7.1.2 may be combined, also a supplementary note of caution may be written
down.
7.1.4 Consideration in the case of remote operation and use of a remote control
In the case of power-on, consideration shall be made to prevent the projection lens being looked in.
7.1.4.1 Requirements for operation manual
A note of caution such as “When turn on the projector, consideration shall be made to prevent the
projection lens being looked in.” shall be written down.
7.1.5

Requirements concerning optional lensThis subclause is applicable to only the projector with interchangeable optional lens.
If the projection lens is replaced while the light source is lighted, the strong light from inside of the
projector is projected toward the screen, so hazardous of “electric shock” as well as “eye injury” areconcerned..
For this reason, the following safety measures shall be taken.
7.1.5.1

Requirements for the operation manual

Note of caution that in the case of removal of the projection lens or replacement of the projection lens,such shall not be performed in the power-on state shall be written down.
This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA42
JBMS-86:2018

Guideline for the structure design

7.2
7.2.1

Overall design

In the case of disassembly of the product, it is ideal to prevent misuse of the laser device as lightsource by its destruction; however, in the case where it is difficult to do so in terms of service activity, interms of prevention of misuse of the removed laser device as light source and ensuring safety for the
maintenance, set up the following requirements in order to prevent the laser device as light source inthe product easily being diverted..
a) Design the structure as to make it hard for users to disassemble the product. The working position
shall be access point to remove the light source unit. That is to say, the light source installation
structure or the part needed to be disassembled when accessing the light source installation
structure shall be worked on. Specific work place is left to the manufacturer’s originality and ingenuity,
however, it is recommended to make device on housing cover.
Example 1 Use the special screws for tightening of housing cover.
Example 2 Housing cover is designed as can’t be removed by one-action.
Example 3 Housing cover is designed as to be a structure and combined with screw tightening.
b)It is recommended to make the structure easy to find the fact that the product was disassembled.
Examples of finding disassembling are shown below. Specific structure is left to the manufacturer’s
originality and ingenuity.
Example 1 Seal off with security seal.
Example 2 By applying an anaerobic adhesive to the screw, the screw shall be broken whendisassembling,
In the case of fitting in the detecting device, the point shall be the access point when remove the lightsource unit. Specific combination of the point and measures is left to the manufacturer’s originality
and ingenuity, however, it is recommended to fit on eye-catching place such as a housing cover.
7.2.2

Design of the protective housing

Attention shall be paid to the structure of housing seam. Entrust specific countermeasures tomanufacturers.
Example 1

To employ the structure where light does not leak outside by installing
pass-each-other walls at the intake air/exhaust air openings.

Example 2

It shall be designed for laser light so as not to leak from the join of the protective
housing by employing the fit structure shown in the following Figure 6.

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA43
JBMS-86:2018

Figure 6 - Example of safe seam of the protective housing

7.2.3

Specific requirements for the housing cover

Alert users to the fact that the projector shall not be disassembled, repaired, and reconstructed without
careful consideration.
ExampleOn the housing cover, placing the indication that represents “Don’t open / disassemble
the housing cover.”7.2.4 Specific requirements for the light source
In order to prevent diversion of the laser, it should make the structure hard for users to remove the laserfrom the light source unit. In the case where the light source unit is easily removed and the light source
unit is replaceable by users said design shall be implemented surely. Specific measures are left to the
manufacturer’s originality and ingenuity.
Example 1 Use the special screws for fixing the laser.
Example 2 By applying an anaerobic adhesive to the screw for fixing the laser, the screw isbroken in disassembling.
7.2.5

Requirements for the optical engine

The structure shall be designed so that when the housing cover or light source cover is opened, themain light beam cannot be seen.
7.3
7.3.1

Safety guideline in the case of failure
Scope of the reasonably foreseeable failure

According to clause 5 in JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1 Ed.3) and 5.1 in IEC 62471-5, the tests during
operation to determine the classification of the product shall be made “under each and every
reasonably foreseeable single-fault condition.”
Explanations of the reasonably foreseeable single-fault condition are shown next.
・Breakage of the outer housing due to falling of the product.
・Breakage of the inner parts due to falling of the product.
・Failure of the drive circuit of the laser device as light source.

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA44
JBMS-86:2018

・Breakage of the diffuser of the laser light.
・Aged deterioration of inner parts such as an optical element.
7.3.2

Leaked light from the protective housing

As to durability of the protective housing, safety shall be secured in case of failure. In the case of
housing breakage due to falling, etc., the structure shall be designed for the main light so as not to emit
outside directly. Entrust specific countermeasures to manufacturers.
ExampleTo employ the double structure protective housing which has the optical engine coverwhich cover the optical path of the main light and the housing cover.

7.3.3

Emission light from the projection lens

In the case of failure, light emitted from the projection lens shall not exceed the AEL of the appropriate
risk group. Particularly, in the failure mode where the degree of hazard is extremely high, the measures
to control the emission of the projection light to outside shall be taken immediately. In addition, it isdesirable that this protective mechanism is not automatically reset as long as user or the service
person carries out a specific operation. Entrust specific countermeasures to manufacturers.
Explanations of the failure mode such as excursion laser output or breakage of the laser light diffuser
are shown next.
Example 1 Stop the power supply to the laser drive circuit and stop the laser light oscillation.
Example 2 Block the laser light by using a mechanical shutter of light resistance/heat resistance.

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA45
JBMS-86:2018

Others

7.4
7.4.1

Requirements for manufacturing

In manufacturing a projector which uses laser devise as light source, it is desirable to prevent workers
from exposure to laser light emission which exceeds Class 1 AEL in order to protect workers’ eyedamages; otherwise, it is necessary to take measures listed in Table 1 to Table 4 depending on theemitted laser light class. Entrust specific countermeasures to manufacturers.
In assembling work, explanations of countermeasures to prevent workers from exposure to laser lightemission which exceeds Class 1 AEL are shown next.
Example 1

By preparing a protective housing for the assembly, and the structure shall be
designed so as not be energized unless the laser device as light source is covered.

Example 2

In the assembly work, laser’s drive current value shall be controlled.

Particularly, it is necessary to make arrangements to protect workers’ eyes in case of malfunction
during assembling by arranging assembling work bench at the height to avoid coming of laser light tothe eye height and designing the layout to avoid hitting at workers’ eyes. In addition, during theassembly work, in order to avoid laser light unexpected specular reflection, due attention shall be paid
concerning the surrounding work environment and worker’s accessories.
7.4.2

Requirements for the external packaging box

The indication shall be placed on the external packaging box of the laser product so as to tell buyersthat it uses a new light source different from the conventional lamp.
7.4.3 Requirements for the operation manual
The next items shall be described in the operation manual so as to tell buyers that the laser productuses a new light source different from the conventional lamp.
a)Note of caution such as “This product is a laser product of class xx.”b)If the users disassemble, repair or modify the unit there is a serious problem about the safety of theuser.
c)It is hazardous to continue to use the projector in failure state; in some cases, it is likely to damage
eye due to laser light. Write down the fact that use of a broken product is not only the cause of“electric shock” and “fire” but also is the cause of eye injury.
d)When the trouble is found, immediately stop the use, and ask the dealer to repair it.
e)In the case of disposal of the projector, the disposal shall comply with the law and ordinance ofeach country without disassembling it.

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA46
JBMS-86:2018

Annex A
(Informative)
Procedure for risk group determination based on IEC 62471-5
GeneralA.1

As to risk group classification based on IEC 62471-5, basic concept is shown in 6.1 through 6.2. Thisannex describes detailed procedure for risk group determination.
To determine the risk group, accessible emission limit (AEL) and accessible emission (AE) shall be
specified. A.2 through A.3 go into details how to calculate these values.
NOTE

It is not mandatory to measure AE and angular subtense of apparent source as aparameter of AEL. These parameters can be determined by calculation (see IEC 62471-5,
5.1).

According to IEC 62471-5, in the case where projection light continues more than 0.25 second and thepeak radiation power does not exceed 1.5 times the average radiation power, the projection light isregarded as continuous wave (CW) emission. If this is not the case, the projection light is regarded aspulsed emission. In the case of pulsed emission, more complicated calculation than CW emission isnecessary (see A.4).
Calculation method of accessible emission limit

A.2
A.2.1

Accessible emission limit per risk group

Accessible emission limit (AEL) per risk group is defined in IEC 62471-5, Table 3. By using this AEL
table along with Table A.1, the risk group of projectors is determined (see IEC 62471-5, 4.4). If the
projection light is pulsed emission, AEL for retinal thermal hazard shall be calculated according to A.4.
NOTE 1 The AELs defined in IEC 62471-5, Table 3 is based on the latest ICNIRP guidelines[5],and it is deviated from IEC 62471:2006.
NOTE 2 In IEC 62471-5, Table 3, two types of AEL for retinal blue-light hazard are defined.
Normally, AEL for blue-light hazard is expressed in radiance. However, as for small
source, it is expressed in a value converted into irradiance. Small source is the source
whose angular subtense α is smaller than 0.011 rad.

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA47
JBMS-86:2018

Table A.1 - Accessible emission of projection light and risk group of projectors
Risk group of projectors

Accessible emission (AE) evaluated for each hazard

RG0 projector

None exceeds the AEL of RG0
Some AEs exceed the AEL of RG0
but none exceeds the AEL of RG1
Some AEs exceed the AEL of RG1
but none exceeds the AEL of RG2

RG1 projector
RG2 projector
RG3 projector

Some AEs exceed the AEL of RG2

NOTE 1 Accessible emission is measured according to A.3.
NOTE 2 RG3 projector shall not exceed the AEL of RG2 for UV, UV-A and IR. (see Table 11)

A.2.2

Calculation method of angular subtense of apparent source

The AEL for retinal thermal hazard depends on angular subtense α of apparent source. Here apparent
source means real or virtual object that forms the smallest retinal image. In the case of projectors,
apparent source is considered to be exit pupil of the projection lens that can be seen when staring into
the projection light. For this reason, IEC 62471-5 defines the position of the apparent source as the
position of the exit pupil of the projection lens (see IEC 62471-5, 5.3).
The angular subtense α of the apparent source is visual angle seen from the measuring point of AE,
and it can be calculated by identifying the distance to the source and the source size. The size of theapparent source is defined as full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the light intensity distribution on
the exit pupil (see IEC 62471-5, Figure 4). If the exit pupil is fully filled with the light emitted from lightsource, the angular subtense α can be determined by outer diameter of the exit pupil (see IEC 62471-5,
Figure B.1).
In all cases, angular subtense larger than αmax shall be limited to αmax and angular subtense smaller
than αmin shall be limited to αmin. In the case of an oblong source, the angular subtense is determined byarithmetic average of two angular dimensions of the source, and they shall be limited prior to thearithmetic averaging.
NOTE 1In IEC 62471-5, the value of αmin is 0.0015 rad. The value of αmax is 0.1 rad if the
projection light is continuous wave (CW) emission. In the case of pulsed emission, thevalue of αmax given by IEC 62471-5, Table 7.

Furthermore, in the case where AE to retinal thermal hazard is determined with spatially averaged
radiance over the angle of acceptance γ, γ shall be considered as lower limit of angular subtense α.
NOTE 2

If the projection light is CW emission, the value of γ is 0.011 rad. In the case of pulsed
emission, the value of γ is 0.005 rad. In both cases, the value of γ is larger thanαmin(0.0015 rad), so it can be a factor to determine the lower limit of α(see A.3.3 andA.3.5).

A.3
A.3.1

Measurement method of accessible emission
Measuring wavelength range

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA48
JBMS-86:2018

Measuring wavelength range to determine the accessible emission (AE) is shown in Table A.2. For
some hazards, spectral weighting shall be applied. The spectral weighting function to be applied is also
shown in Table A.2 (see IEC 62471-5, 5.6.3).

Table A.2 - Measuring wavelength range and spectral weighting function for AE
HazardSymbol ofaccessible
emission

Wavelength range

Spectralweightingfunction

Reference standards
and table number

1)

Skin & eye UV

ES

200～400 nm

SUV(λ)IEC 62471, Table 4.1

2)

Eye UV-A

EUVA

315～400 nm

－

－

3)

Retinal blue-light

LB,EB

300～700 nm

B(λ)

IEC 62471-5, Table 8

4)Retinal thermal

LR

380～1 400 nm

R(λ)

IEC 62471-5, Table 8

5)

Eye IREIR

780～3 000 nm－－

NOTE Spectral weighting functions for retinal blue-light hazard and retinal thermal hazard are based on
the latest ICNIRP guidelines[5], and they are deviated from IEC 62471:2006.

A.3.2

Evaluation method

Accessible emission (AE) is measured in radiance for the hazards whose AEL is defined in radianceand measured in irradiance for the hazards whose AEL is defined in irradiance. If the projection light iscontinuous wave (CW) emission, AE is calculated as average value over the time base defined foreach risk group. If the projection light is pulsed emission, AE is calculated by the most restrictive
condition for retinal thermal hazard and calculated as average value over the time base for otherhazards (see Table A.3).
Table A.3 - Evaluation method of accessible emission
HazardIn the case of CW emission

In the case of pulsed emission

1)

Skin & eye UVAverage value over the time base

Average value over the time base

2)

Eye UV-A

Average value over the time base

Average value over the time base3)

Retinal blue-light

Average value over the time base

Average value over the time base4)

Retinal thermal

Average value over the time base

The most restrictive condition

5)

Eye IR

Average value over the time base

Average value over the time base

NOTE 1 As to the time bases, see IEC 62471-5, Table 4.
NOTE 2 As to the most restrictive condition, see A.4.

A.3.3

Optical system for measurement

As fundamental parameters for measuring accessible emission (AE, radiance or irradiance), there areThis publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA49
JBMS-86:2018

measurement distance l and angle of acceptance γ(see IEC 62471-5, Figure B.1). In IEC 62471-5, 1.0
m is used as measurement distance l (see 6.2.6) and the values in IEC 62471-5, Table 1 or Table 2 areused as angle of acceptance γ. In the case of evaluation for retinal blue-light hazard, the value of γ is
0.011 rad. In the case of evaluation for retinal thermal hazard, the values of γ are different whether the
projection light is continuous wave (CW) emission or pulsed emission, 0.011 rad for CW emission and0.005 rad for pulsed emission are used.
A.3.4

Measurement of irradiance

Irradiance can be calculated by measuring radiant flux passing through the aperture stop. The aperture
stop shall include the brightest area within the beam cross-section (see IEC 62471-5, 5.4).
A.3.5

Measurement of radiance

Radiance can be calculated by measuring radiant flux passing through the field stop. If the size ofapparent source exceeds the field stop, the area of the source producing the maximum spatial radiance(hot spot) shall be measured (see IEC 62471-5, 5.5).
If the radiance is calculated from the radiant flux passing through the field stop, radiance peak (hotspot) smaller than the angle of acceptance γ is spatially averaged. At this time, the value of α for AEL
calculation shall not be smaller than the angle of acceptance γ(see A.2.2).
A.4

Evaluation method for pulsed emission

According to IEC 62471-5, in the case where the peak radiation power exceeds 1.5 times the averageradiation power, the projection light shall be considered as pulsed emission. In the case of pulsed
emission, the risk evaluation for retinal thermal hazard shall be carried out by different method fromcontinuous wave (CW) emission (see Table A.4).
In the evaluation of pulsed emission, the most restrictive criteria for single pulse or any groups of pulses
shall be applied (see IEC 62471-5, 5.6.2.3).

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA50
JBMS-86:2018

Table A.4 - Differences between continuous wave (CW) emission and pulsed emission
concerning risk evaluation for retinal thermal hazard
Calculation of AEL

Exposuretime

Maximum
angularsubtense
αmax

0.25 sRegularpulse

0.25 sIrregular
pulse

Emission
duration c)

Evaluation of peakvalue d)Pulse
duration e)

Evaluation method

CW emission
Evaluati
on ofaveragevalue b)

Pulsedemissi
on a)

NOTE

A.5

Measurement of AE
Coeffi
cient
for
pulse
train

Angle ofSampling
time

Sampling
methodacceptance

0.1 rad0.25 sTimeaverage

0.011 rad0.1 rad0.25 sDependon
exposuretime f)Emission
duration c)
C5

Pulse cycleγTimeaverage0.005 radPeak valuea)In the case of pulsed emission, both average value and peak value are evaluated, and the risk group isdetermined based on stricter one.
b) In the case of evaluation of average values, the AEL is given by IEC 62471-5, Table 5.
c) As to irregular pulse, the emission duration less than 0.25 s shall be considered in order to analyze
groups of pulses.
d) In the case of evaluation of peak value, the value of the AEL given by IEC 62471-5, Table 5 shall be
multiplied by correction coefficient C5. The value of C5 depends on the number of pulses N within thetime base (0.25 s) and is given by IEC 62471-5, Table 6.
e) As exposure time, the pulse duration shown in IEC 62471-5, Figure 2 is used.
f) Maximum angular subtense α
max is calculated by substituting exposure time into tp of IEC 62471-5,
Table 7.

Flowchart for risk group determination

Flowchart for risk group determination of the projectors with laser device as light source is shown in
Figure A.1 through Figure A.3.
NOTE 1

The continuous wave (CW) emission means the case where the output continues 0.25
second or more, and the peak radiation power does not exceed 1.5 times averageradiation power.

NOTE 2The pulsed wave emission means the case where each pulse has the duration less than
0.25 second, and the form of emission is single pulse or a train of pulse. Furthermore, itmeans the case where a continuous train of pulses or modulated radiation energy has
the peak radiation power exceeds at least 1.5 times average radiation power.

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA51
JBMS-86:2018
Determination starts
JIS C 6802:2014, 4.4
Is the condition, α≧5mrad at themeasurement distance 200 mm?

No

Yes

Is the wavelength within
400-1400 nm?

No

Yes

Is the radiance less thanLT(=1 MW m-2 sr-1 )/α)?

No

Yes

Out of coverage of this document(To be determined according to
JIS C 6802:2014)

To be assessed according to IEC 62471-5
Measurement condition setting for projectors
No

Is lens
interchangeable?
Yes

No

Are lenses including
throw ratio 2.0 available?

Is throw ratio of
the lens fixed?
Yes

To be measured byadjusting the ratio
between theradiance and the
AEL as maximum

No

Yes

To be measured byadjusting the output
radiance as
maximum

To be measured at thethrow ratio 2.0

To be measured at theminimum throw ratio
exceeding throw ratio 2.0

Is the projection light
continuous wave (CW)?

No

Yes

(a)

(b)

Figure A.1 - Flowchart for risk group determination (Part 1)

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA52
JBMS-86:2018(a)Emission of the continuous wave (CW)

Calculate the angular subtense α

Calculate the radiance

No

Yes

LR is calculated by
α=11 mrad.
Noα≦0.1 rad?
Yes

LR is calculated by
α=0.1 radNo

α≧11 mrad?

LR is calculated by α

Is LR less than the limit of RG2?
Yes

Does LB exceed the limit of RG2?

No

Yes

Determined as RG3

To be classified into any one of
RG0/RG1/RG2 based on LB

Calculate HD

End of determination

NOTE When determined as RG3, it needs to be less than the limit of RG2 except the retinal
thermal hazard.
Figure A.2 - Flowchart for risk group determination (Part 2)

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA53
JBMS-86:2018(b)

Emission of the pulsed wave

Calculate the angular subtense α
Calculate the average radiance (Laverage )α > 5mrad ?

No

Yes

EL

Calculate LR by α=5mrad
Noα≦ αmax ?
YesELCalculate LR by α= αmax

No

Is Laverage less than the limit
ELof RG2 of LR ?
Yes
Calculate the peak radiance (Lpeak)EL

Calculate LR (Peak)No

Is Lpeak less than the limit of RG2
ELof LR (Peak) ?
Yes
Determined as RG3

To be classified into any one of
RG0/RG1/RG2 based on LB

Calculate HD

End of determination

NOTE When determined as RG3, it needs to be less than the limit of RG2 except the retinal
thermal hazard.
Figure A.3 - Flowchart for risk group determination (Part 3)
This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA54
JBMS-86:2018

Measurement condition setting for projectors shown in Figure A.1 is for risk group determination ofprojector itself. As for the projector with interchangeable lens, risk group determinations at the installed
conditions of each interchangeable lens are also required. In this case, measurement condition shall be
set so that throw ratio and radiance become maximum for each interchangeable lens, then subsequent
steps shall be applied (see 6.2.5).
A.6 Dependency parameters for accessible emission limit and accessible emission
Accessible emission limit (AEL) and accessible emission (AE) depend on many parameters. These
dependencies are shown in Figure A.4 through Figure A.5.

Risk groupto asses

Adjustment
condition for
projection lens
(Table 10)

Test condition(6.2.1)

Measurement
distance l(1.0 m)Projector
to evaluate(projection light)

Time base(6.2.4)

pulse duration

Angle ofacceptance γ(A.3.3)α for AEL
calculation(A.2.2)

pulse train of
projection light

Maximum
angular subtense
αmax(Table A.4)

size and positionof the exit pupil

CW emission /pulsed emission

Exposure time t(6.2.4, Table A.4)

Angularsubtense of
the source α(A.2.2)

Number ofpulses N(Table A.4)

Coefficient forpulse train C5(Table A.4)
evaluation of pulse peakretinal thermal hazard

AEL calculation(A.2.1)Figure A.4 - Dependency parameters used for the accessible emission limit (AEL) calculation

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA55
JBMS-86:2018

Risk groupto assess

Measurement
distance l(1.0 m)Projector
to evaluate(projection light)

Time base(6.2.4)Angle ofacceptance γ(A.3.3)

radiant flux ofprojection light

CW emission /pulsed emission

emission duration
Sampling time
(Table A.3,
Table A.4)

Adjustment
condition for
projection lens
(Table 10)

Test condition(6.2.1)

Spectralweighting(Table A.2)

AE measurement(A.3.3, Table A.4)

Figure A.5 - Dependency parameters used for the accessible emission (AE) measurement

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA56
JBMS-86:2018

Bibliography[1] JIS K 6900, Plastic - Terms[2] “Laser safety guidebook: 4th edition” edited by Optoelectronics Industry and Technology
Development Association (2006) published by Advanced Communication Media Co., Ltd.
[3] “Preventive measures for hazard due to laser beam”(Ministry of Health,Labour and Welfare:Notification No. 325002)
Available from: http://www.mhlw.go.jp/bunya/roudoukijun/anzeneisei/050325-1.html[4] ICNIRP Guidelines on limits of exposure to ultraviolet radiation of wavelengths between 180 nm and
400 nm (incoherent optical radiation), Health Physics 87(2):171-186; 2004
Available from: http://www.icnirp.org/cms/upload/publications/ICNIRPUV2004.pdf[5] ICNIRP Guidelines on limits of exposure to incoherent visible and infrared radiation, Health Physics
105(1):74-96; 2013
Available from: http://www.icnirp.org/cms/upload/publications/ICNIRPVisible_Infrared2013.pdf

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIA57
JBMS-86:2018

Safety requirements for the projectors with laser device as light source
Commentary[KAISETSU]
This commentary is for the purpose of explaining items contained within the body and annex ofthis standard, and does not form a part of the standard.
The purpose of this 2nd edition of JBMS is to make clear that the concept of laser safety of
projector would be samein the transition period from JIS C 6950-1 (International standard IEC 60950-1) to IEC 62368-1.
Commentary of 1st edition have not been changed.

1 Supplement concerning the scope of this standard
The scope of this standard is the projectors correspond to 4.4 in JIS C 6802:2014 (IEC 60825-1:2014).
Projectors which do not correspond to such and use fixed pixels panel shall comply with JBMIA-TR-27“Safety guideline for the projectors with laser device as light source”.
2 Supplement concerning normative reference
IEC 62471 and IEC 62471-5 are normative references in this standard. JIS C 7550 is correspondent
standard of IEC 62471; however, it is not normative reference because it is MOD.
3 Acknowledgment
We express our thanks to Mr. Shoji Mitsuhashi (Sony Corporation: IEC/TC 76 expert), Dr. Hideyuki
Kanayama (Panasonic Corporation: IEC/TC 76 expert), Mr. Nozomu Inoue (Seiko Epson Corporation:
IEC/TC 76 expert) of Laser Safety Standardization Committee, Optoelectronics Industry andTechnology Development Association, who gave us interpretation and advices concerning the newinternational standards (IEC 60825-1:2014 and IEC 62471-5:2015) in planning this standard.
Also we express our thanks to members of Laser Display Safety Working Group, Technical Committee
for Laser Lighting and Display, the Laser Society of Japan (Director: Dr. Sunao Kurimura, National
Institute for Materials Science), we turned to them for guidance in planning this standard.

This publication is copyright protected/

Copyright © 2018 JBMIAJBMS-86

Safety requirements for the projectors with laser device as lightsourceEditor and
Hideo Nakanishi
Publisher
Publishing office: Japan Business Machine and Information System Industries Association
LILA HIJIRIZAKA 7F, 3-4-10 Mita Minato-ku Tokyo 108-0073 JAPAN
Tel: +81-3-6809-5010 (Main phone number)