7

Guideline Series

The Value and Future Promised
by Developing the ILC in Japan©Rey. Hori

March 2022

Iwate Prefecture International Linear Collider Promotion Council

Guideline Series 7

What is the ILC?
●T he proposed International Linear Collider (ILC) takes electronsand positrons (a particle with an opposite charge to electrons)to accelerate and collide them at nearly the speed of light, in a
linear underground tunnel around 20 km long. This reproduces
the state of the universe immediately following the Big Bangsome 13.8 billion years ago, just one-trillionth of a second after
the birth of the universe. The ILC would allow us to precisely
measure the reactions of elementary particles such as the Higgs
boson, which accounts for the property of mass appearing at
this moment in time.
©Rey. Hori

● The ability to measure these particles will help us unlock a
mystery that has long perplexed humanity: how did spaceand matter first form?
● This is an international project on a massive scale, driven by humanity’s inquiring mind, one in which Japan is
hoped to undertake as a national project.
● Construction costs would range from 735.5 billion to 803.3 billion yen. Operating expenses would range from36.6 to 39.2 billion yen/year.
Construction costs and other expenses will be shared by the international community, with Japan contributing
around one-half of the cost. The construction period is expected to take around 10 years.
The costs borne by Japan include 400 billion yen over the 10 year period in construction costs, or 40 billion yen
per year, and 20 billion yen per year in operating expenses.
● In 2013, the international research community selected the Kitakami highlands, which stretches from Iwate
Prefecture to Miyagi Prefecture, as the optimal construction site. Since then, geological surveys and environmental
impact surveys have been conducted in the area in the immediate vicinity of the proposed construction site.
Additional measures have been implemented to accommodate foreign visitors and residents, and to facilitate thedevelopment of industries related to particle accelerators.

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Introduction
The international research community hopes to construct the International Linear Collider (ILC) - a next-generation
particle accelerator which will unlock the mystery of the birth of the universe - in Japan, and the Kitakami highlands in
Tohoku is being considered as the optimal construction candidate site. The development of the ILC will represent thefirst major international science and technology center in Asia, and will attract people from every country and region
around the globe, regardless of race, ethnicity, religion, or language, to seek the answers to the mysteries surrounding
the creation of the universe something that mankind has fundamentally sought to uncover since time immemorial.
The ILC is intended as a facility of international cooperation where international researchers, their families,
and related industries gather to drive innovation using a broad range of advanced technologies, including
superconductivity, nanotechnology, super computers, and digital transformation (DX), contributing to science forpeace and development for the future.
The ILC will also serve as a model for a new form of globally-linked regional development that incorporates theconcept of an “eco-friendly ILC” ahead of the SDGs. This includes energy reuse, the use of waste heat, and theconstruction of wooden research facilities.
The ILC will give this site - still recovering from the impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami andfacing the challenges of a declining population - hopes and dreams for the future, and will help pave the way for therealization of a new Tohoku, one that has achieved a true creative recovery.
In this way, the value and future promised by developing the ILC in Japan extends beyond scientific development,
and manifests in numerous ways.
This guideline was prepared to compile the potential value and future promised by developing the ILC in Japan in
the four areas outlined in the diagram below.

The Value and Future Promised by Developing The ILC in Japan
International Trust and Scientific Technology Diplomacy
as The Host Country of The ILC

International Scientific Development andHuman Resource Development

●

●

●

A country that contributes to, and leads the world
Science for Peace●

Innovation Creation and Industry Development

Discovering new paths leading to the truth of the universe
Human resource development, and going from a brain drain toa brain gain

New Regional Development and Recovery
from The Earthquake

Create innovation by gathering the world’s most advanced
knowledge and technology in the one place● Broad-reaching industrial agglomeration and development●

The birth of an international city and region
Globally-linked regional development● True recovery from the Great East Japan Earthquake●●

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Guideline Series 7

1 International Trust and Scientific Technology Diplomacy as The Host
Country of The ILC
A country that contributes to, and leads the world
Eleven Japanese scientists have won a Nobel prize for physics in the field of particle physics. Japan is also aworld-leader in ultra-fine processing technology, boasting sites such as the SuperKEKB particle accelerator (Tsukuba
City), which holds the world record for elementary particle collision performance, and testing facilities that pave theway to new discoveries in physics, including superconductive accelerators. These achievements have prompted
the international research community to look to Japan as the construction site of the ILC, and the U.S. government
in particular has expressed widespread support across the Department of Energy, Department of State, and othergovernment departments.
As the host country of the ILC, Japan has a golden opportunity to establish itself as a scientific and technologicalnation while leading the international community in science.

Major research centers with high-energy accelerators across the globe

Japan’s science and technology capabilities are held in high regard internationally, and the development of the ILC
as an international cooperation facility will be a great boon to the international community through new science andtechnology creation from Japan to the world.
Furthermore, developing the ILC in Japan is also set to greatly bolster Japan’s core technological capabilities. In
addition, research activities between countries and regions with shared values for freedom and democracy will both
help preserve the international order, and serve as a catalyst prompting a shift away from a “drain” to a “gain” intechnology and human resources.

Japan as a respected world leader!
From a country that seeks support elsewhere, to a country sought after!

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Science for Peace
The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) was established in Switzerland in 1954, nine years
following the Second World War, in an attempt to bring a Europe that had been reduced to rubble through war
together and forge a peaceful alliance through scientific pursuit. With a staff roll of over 3,000, every year CERN
invites over 10,000 researchers from over 100 countries and regions from around the world.
In 2012, it was granted the status of United Nations Observer as a model for international cooperation.

European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)

In addition to environmental issues and resource-based energy concerns, the world is currently facing a crisis offragmentation including the COVID-19 pandemic and the escalation of conflicts across the globe.
As the first major international science and technology center in Asia capable of hosting thousands of researchers
from across the globe, the ILC will seek to serve the same role as CERN in which researchers from around the world
work to address common issues facing humanity, contribute to the international community through science, andact as a place for peace-building.
The ILC’s activities will help firmly entrench Japan’s image as a leader in science and technology in the eyes of theworld, and will serve as a tremendous pillar in science and technology diplomacy through the soft power this grants.

Significant contribution to world peace through ILC in Japan

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Guideline Series 7

2 International Scientific Development and Human Resource Development
Discovering new paths leading to the truth of the universe
The ILC would be a large-scale testing facility that seeks to solve themysteries of the universe by reproducing the Big Bang state, generating
and precisely measuring a vast quantity of Higgs boson particles, which
couples to an elementary particle’s mass.

©Rey. Hori

ILC/Image of collision point

Particle physics, which aims to uncover the source of physicalsubstances and the origins of the universe, finds itself at a majorcrossroads.
Experiments performed at the ILC will help greatly advance scientificdevelopment, helping us discover new reasoning addressing unsolved
mysteries surrounding particle physics, included questions suchas “Are the basic forces of nature, namely strong force, weak force,electromagnetic force, and gravity, bound together in a uniform manner?”,“How are the various properties of quarks and leptons determined?”,and “What is the true nature of dark matter and dark energy?”.

The Higgs
frontier

Discovery of unknown laws ofphysics through the formation of
the Higgs boson with the collision ofelectrons and positrons
The Higgs boson isa new discovery tool

Energyfrontier

ILC Luminosity
frontier

Discovery of new particles andDiscovery of new particles andphenomena with unprecedented forms of phenomena through the collision ofenergy generated through the collision of high energy electrons and positions
electrons and positrons
at an unprecedented frequency
Linear accelerator allows
further energy extension

Approximately 1,000 times that ofthe previous frontier machine(LEP@CERN)

What is luminosity?
A measure of volume representing theintensity and spread of beams that
affect collision frequency
To increase luminosity, larger numbersof particles are concentrated on finerbeams

The ILC is a next-generation electron/positron frontier machine

Creating a new form of science for the world first in Japan,
and contributing to global scientific development

5Human resource development, and going from a brain drain to a brain gain
While we have continued to see outstanding Japanese researchers leave to pursue research opportunities
overseas, the ILC represents the first research facility of its kind that has the potential to attract the latest in scienceand technology from around the world. The site will continue to draw in leading researchers, engineers, young
researchers, graduate students and more from across the globe to conduct joint research and work well into the
future.
Additionally, various related industries will gather in the surrounding area, enhancing research and development
capabilities and facilitating the development of highly skilled industry personnel through exchanges with some of theworld’s leading research facilities.
In this way, specialists brought in from overseas and people with experience in advanced basic science projects willundoubtedly go on to serve in a broad range of science and technology fields, industries, and international institutions.

European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)

The ILC will be one of the world’s foremost research facilities. Having such a facility nearby will make the challenges
undertaken by researchers at the site readily visible, and regular exchanges will serve as a motivator to children,
giving them dreams and hopes for the future. This will greatly contribute to the development of the next generationof scientists, and globally-minded human resources capable of working in a broad range of fields.

The ILC shall serve as a source of motivation, and dreams and hopes for children

6Guideline Series 7

3 Innovation Creation and Industry Development
Create innovation by gathering the world’s most advanced knowledge and technology in the one place
A “core technology”, such as the World Wide Web (WWW), resulting in an upheaval in how we live, was createdas a new technology from an international elementary particle research laboratory.
The first accelerators were seen with the discovery of X-rays (roentgen rays) emitted from vacuum tubes in
1895, and the 20th century has led to the development and advancement of cyclotrons, synchrotrons, colliding
beam accelerators, superconductive magnets, and superconductive accelerator technology. In addition, cuttingedge component technologies and high-power, high-frequency technologies have been co-opted for use in a large
number of commercial products. Further, the use of electron beams, radiated light and neutrons emitted fromaccelerators has led to the development of revolutionary new products and technologies. The X-rays and particle
rays emitted from linear accelerators, cyclotrons, and synchrotrons are an indispensable part of cancer therapy anddiagnosis.

High precision MRI image-guided cancer radiotherapy device at Tohoku University Hospital

We are tantalizingly close to using superconductive accelerators - the core technology in the ILC - in the
production of RI elements for medical use. Research into compact accelerators for semiconductor lithography
and infrastructure diagnosis and modification is also ongoing. Accelerator technology, measuring technology, andinformation technology used for big data analysis are being used in medical, industrial, information technology, anda broad range of other fields.
In addition, attracting cutting-edge technology and leading researchers and engineers, along with establishing acollection of related industries will serve to create new value, drive broad-reaching reforms, and usher in a wave ofinnovation from Japan rippling out to the world.

Japan as a leader in science and technology, usheringin a wave of innovation that ripples out to the world7

Broad-reaching industrial agglomeration and development
The ILC’s construction and operation period will drive new demand from increased construction orders and consumer
activity of researchers, etc., and increased external procurement from research facilities and elsewhere, delivering asignificant ripple effect for a great many industries. Further, the collection of a diverse array of industries growing as a
byproduct from the field of accelerator science and technology will, in turn, act as a source of growth for local companies,
and facilitate the development of the healthcare, electrical and electronic, and information and communications sectors.
There are six industrial product categories using accelerator beams - semiconductors, automobiles, industrial
equipment, civil aircraft, household appliances, and healthcare equipment, with an annual total global market size ofaround 56 trillion yen.* Its size is expanding significantly. (*Figures released by the U.S. Department of Energy in 2010)
Tohoku is already home to a number of cutting-edge ILC technology research initiatives. These include joint
research activities involving research institutions, universities, public organizations and local companies into highperformance superconducting acceleration cavity manufacturing technologies using niobium-tin alloys, frame
manufacturing and precision positioning control technologies using foundry techniques, and electron beam drive
position source manufacturing, to waste heat management and wood use in the ILC.
Moreover, local companies and municipalities are working in line with initiatives implemented to achieve carbon
neutrality by 2050 in an aim to achieve what is referred to as an “eco-friendly ILC”. To this end, local companies
and municipalities are conducting research into the construction of super energy-efficient facilities through the useof local sources of wood, the development and supply of renewable energy, the strategic absorption of greenhousegases, as well as various other ILC-related measures.

Sumita Town Hall, Iwate Prefecture, built with locally produced timber

Bringing companies in the healthcare, life sciences, environment and energy, and other leading materials sectors
based on core ILC technologies together, coupled with the growth of local companies, is expected to lead todramatic industrial development as a cluster region servicing advanced science and technology industries. There
are great expectations for the ILC to serve as a catalyst for attracting globally-minded industry to the area, and over
200 local companies actively participate in a research society for industries connected in some way to accelerators.

Achieving dramatic industrial development through the clusteringof advanced science and technology industries
8Guideline Series 7

4 New Regional Development and Recovery from The Earthquake
The birth of an international city and region
The ILC is poised to bring knowledge and technology from around the world together. The ILC will invite researchers
and their families from around the world to participate in projects with a large number of private companies. The
number of personnel involved with the ILC is expected to be more than 10,000, establishing the area as a base forinternational science and technology research.
This “satoyama” (hilly heartland) region co-exists alongside nature, and will be home to people from all over theworld, giving way to vibrant exchanges with local residents and children. The gathering of the world’s brightest minds
and most advanced technologies will inspire youth to dream, give them courage and pride, and serve as a motivating
tool driving creative research, the development of a diverse range of new technologies, and innovation creation.
This coalescence of people from around the world will lead to a creative international community and promote
the region as a flourishing multicultural area. In addition, proactively spreading the word about not only science andtechnology, but local traditions and culture as well, will help establish a Tohoku zone that attracts people from allover the world.

Birth of an international city area transmitting from Japan to the world

Extract from “Earth Village Vision” (general edition) from the National Land Planning Association
https://www.kok.or.jp/project/global_village_vision.html

9Globally-linked regional development
The attraction of a great many researchers, engineers, and their families from around the world is expected tolead to relocation and long-term stays, increasing the population and creating a wealth of employment opportunities
by rejuvenating industry through increased construction and services. Consumption from researchers from aroundthe world using the facility will have a significant inbound effect on the local economy. The ILC area, fully equippedwith the latest in information communications technology, such as 5G and optical fiber, will act as the manifestationof the “national digital garden city concept”, and will serve as a model of a DX society that is continually evolving.
This “eco-friendly ILC” will incorporate environmentally friendly concepts in its design ahead of SDGs, including energy
reuse, the use of waste heat to revitalize the agriculture, forestry, and fishery industry, and the wooden constructionof research facilities, and will strive to introduce a new form of the globally-linked regional economic cyclical model.

Globally-linked regional development led by the ILC

True recovery from the Great East Japan Earthquake
Eleven years have passed since the unprecedented damage caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake andTsunami. While progress has been made in redeveloping roads, ports, commercial areas, housing, and otherinfrastructure, a lot still needs to be done in revitalizing the local economy due to the decline in the local population,
the slump felt by the fishing industry, and other adverse impacts. A mindset full of dreams and hopes for the futureis what is needed to work towards a full regional recovery.
Tohoku is experiencing the fastest population decline in the country. While there is great potential in the agriculture,
forestry, and fishing industries and the manufacturing industry, the area is fraught with issues preventing this potentialfrom being fully realized.
By seeking to uncover the very mysteries ofspace, the ILC will serve as a source of motivation,
Supplementary resolution to the Bill for the Establishment
and dreams and hopes for children. The ILC willof Reconstruction Agency (extract)
open up a line of communication to the world, notWith Tohoku a world-class candidate site for the International
just for research results, but to also to communicate
Linear Collider Project, its promotion, together with theon the state of recovery efforts, and to promote
Fukushima Innovation Coast Framework, will help usher in a
tourism resources, culture, dining, and many other“new Tohoku” driven by the creation of scientific innovation
aspects of Tohoku. This active communication willin Tohoku. This matter requires further review with related
serve as a source of pride for locals in disasterbodies with a view to promoting Japan as the site for thisaffected areas, and greatly contribute to the true
project. (House of Councilors)
revitalization of a new Tohoku.

ILC as a symbol of recovery from the earthquake10

“The Miracle Pine Tree” in Rikuzentakata City, Iwate Prefecture

Iwate Prefecture International Linear Collider Promotion Council

March 2022 1st Edition