Life Cycle Assessment Report

Life Cycle Assessment ReportCompany name:
EIZO Corporation

Product:LCD Monitor

FlexScan EV2740X
Date:

May 19th, 2023

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Life Cycle Assessment ReportAuthor
Mitsuko SaitoRegulatory Compliance and Safety
EIZO Corporation
153 Shimokashiwano, Hakusan, Ishikawa 924-8566 Japan

Reviewer
Hirofumi Moriwaki
Principal Engineer, Regulatory Compliance and Safety
EIZO Corporation
153 Shimokashiwano, Hakusan, Ishikawa 924-8566 Japan

Abbreviation
AP: Acidification Potential
EP: Eutrophication Potential
EPD: Environmental Product Declaration
GWP: Global Warming Potential
LCA: Life Cycle AssessmentLCI: Life Cycle Inventory analysis
LCIA: Life Cycle Impact Assessment
ODP: Ozone Layer Depletion Potential
PCR: Product Category Rules
POCP: Photochemical ozone creation potential

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Life Cycle Assessment Report

LIST OF CONTENTS
1. General
1.1.

General information

This LCA study has been performed by EIZO Corporation and has been conducted according to therequirement of the below standard and PCRs.
- ISO 14040:2006 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and framework- ISO 14044:2006 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines- EPD 004: Monitor [2013/00/201309], Product Category Rules (PCR) for Monitor

1.2.

Goal of study

The goal of performing this LCA study is to publish an EPD based on ISO 14040, 14044 and ISO 14025.
This is a cradle-to-grave study.
This LCA study is not comparative assertion.

1.3.

Intended audiences and intended use

The intentions of this LCA study are to communicate environmentally related information with business
users and consumers who are located in Japan, and to show future improvement options to internal
product development and manufacturing divisions.

1.4.

Functional Unit

The functional unit is defined as one unit of 27.0 - inch LCD monitor.

2. Product2.1.

Product Information

The 27.0-inch FlexScan EV2740X, frameless monitor feature 4K UHD resolution (3840 x 2160 pixels)
and is equipped with USB Type-C connectivity for supporting streamlined viewing and operation in themodern workspace. The monitor achieves exemplary ergonomics, energy-savings, and sustainability
to lessen impact on the environment.

2.2.

Application

This product is suited to general purposes like creating documents, viewing multimedia content.

2.3.

Product Environmental Information

EV2740X was certified EPA ENERGY STAR Ver.8.0, TCO Certified Generation 9, EPEAT(IEEE1680.12018) , TUV/Ergonomie, TUV/Low blue light content, TUV/Flicker Free, RoHS, WEEE and China RoHS.

2.4.

Company Environmental Activities

Although global environmental standards such as TCO Certified and EPEAT are not legal regulations,
we have actively participated and adapted from the beginning of the standard to improve theenvironmental performance of our products.

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Life Cycle Assessment Report
2.5.
Technical data
LCD PanelTypeVideo Signals

IPS

Backlight

LEDSize27.0" / 68.5 cm

Resolution3840 x 2160 (16:9 aspect ratio)

Viewable Image Size (H x V)

596.7 mm x 335.7 mm

Pixel Pitch

0.155 mm x 0.155 mm

Display Colors

16.77 million

Viewing Angle(H / V, typical)

178˚ / 178˚

Brightness (typical)

350 cd/m2

Response Time (typical)

5 ms (gray-to-gray）

Input Terminals

USB-C (DisplayPort Alt Mode, HDCP 2.3/1.3),
DisplayPort (HDCP 2.3/1.3),
HDMI (HDCP 2.3/1.4) x 2
USB-C : 31 kHz to 134 kHz / 29 Hz to 61 Hz

Digital Scanning Frequency(H / V)

DisplayPort : 31 kHz to 134 kHz / 29 Hz to 61 HzHDMI: 31 kHz to 135 kHz / 29 Hz to 61 HzUSB

Upstream

Speakers

USB 5Gbps: Type-B, Type-C (DisplayPort Alt
Mode, Power Delivery Source 94 W max.)
USB 5Gbps: Type-A x 3,
Type-C (Type-C Curent,15 W max.)
2.0 W + 2.0 W

Input Terminals

USB-C, DisplayPort, HDMI x 2

Output Terminals
Power Requirements

Headphone (Stereo mini jack), Line out (Stereomini jack)
100 - 240 VAC, 50 / 60 Hz

Typical Power Consumption

16 W

Maximum Power
Consumption
Power Save Mode

186 W

Dimensions(Landscape, W x H x D)
Net Weight611.4 mm x 370.8 - 565.4 mm x 242 - 250.1 mm

Temperature

5 ˚C - 35 ˚CHumidity

20 % - 80 % R.H. (no condensation)

Downstream
Audio

Power

PhysicalSpecifications
Environmental
Requirements

0.35 W or less

8.2 kg4Life Cycle Assessment Report
2.6.

Material inventory
Component/Material

Weight (g)Weight (%)

Notes

ASSY-STAND

2750

30.9%

Inclusion

UNIT-LCD

2450

27.5%

Inclusion

ASSY-PCB-POWER

927.5

10.4%

Inclusion

ASSY PCB-MAIN

704

7.9%

Inclusion

MLD-REAR-COVER

688.2

7.7%

Inclusion

MTL-MT-COVER

267.8

3.0%

Inclusion

MLD-MID-COVER

260.52.9%

Inclusion

CORD-AC

229.2

2.6%

Inclusion

USB-CABLE

118.5

1.3%

Inclusion

SIGNAL-CABLE

114.3

1.3%

Inclusion

MTL-VESA-PLATE

105.2

1.2%

Exclusion

Cables70

0.8%

Exclusion

Manuals

42.8

0.5%

Exclusion

Speakers

42.7

0.5%

Exclusion

Harnesses

290.3%

Exclusion

Plastic Moldings

290.3%

Exclusion

Other

210.2%

Exclusion

Metal Materials

170.2%

Exclusion

Weight (g)Weight (%)

Notes

CARTON-27W-19-CB

1740

52.5

Inclusion

PAD-27W-1-B-CB

776.1

23.4

Inclusion

CUSHION-27W-19-T-PM

760

22.9Inclusion

SHEET

32.3

0.98

Inclusion

PAD

3.8

0.1

Inclusion

Packaging
Component/Material

5Life Cycle Assessment Report
2.7.

Manufacturing Location
Factory name

Address

153 Shimokashiwano, Hakusan, Ishikawa
924-8566 Japan
37-9-Re Jike, Hakui, Ishikawa 925-8566
Japan

EIZO Corporation
EIZO MS Corporation (Unit board)

2.8.

Transportation
Geographical information
Departure

ArrivalVolume(ton)

10t truck

Hakusan, Ishikawa

Tokyo

78.69

600

4t truck

Hakusan, Ishikawa

Tokyo

110.39600

10t truck

Hakusan, Ishikawa

Osaka

17.16

450

4t truck

Hakusan, Ishikawa

Osaka

32.33

450

10t truckHakusan, Ishikawa

Nagoya11.33

400

4t truck

Hakusan, Ishikawa

Nagoya12.66

400

10t truck

Hakusan, Ishikawa

Fukuoka

26.35

900

4t truck

Hakusan, Ishikawa

Fukuoka

1.50900

Path

2.9.

Distance(km)Use Phase
Usage time (hours/day)

On modeStandby mode

Off modeLife time(year)

9.6 (40%)

1.2 (5%)13.2 (55%)

4Power consumption (W)Usage day(days/year)365

On modeStandby mode

Off mode

Total Power Consumption
(kWh)

16 W

0.5 W

0W

224.9 kWh6Life Cycle Assessment Report
Disposal Stage

2.10.

Component/Material

Weight (%)

RecycleIncineration

Landfill

Plastic

23.7%

86%

8%

6%

Iron

25.8%

86%

-14%

Paper

27.0%

95%

5%

-Glass

4.7%

--

100%

Aluminum

15.8%

86%

-

14%

Copper

1.2%

86%

-14%

Other material

1.5%

--

100%

Other metal

0.3%--100%

3. LCA Study
3.1.

System boundary

The system boundary includes all life cycle stages Collecting Raw materials, Manufacturing,Distribution, Use and Disposal.
Stage Prior to ManufacturingCollecting Raw Materials

X

Manufacturing

X

Distribution

X

UseX

DisposalX

Stage of Manufacturing
Stage of Use
Stage of Scrapping
X=includedFollow-chart

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Life Cycle Assessment Report
3.2.

Cut-off rules

Material Inventory survey was conducted on 95 wt. % of material in each Product / Package.
Disposal stage survey was conducted on 95 wt. % of material in each Product / Package.

3.3.

LCA Data

For Life Cycle Assessment, SimaPro release 9 software system has been used. Ecoinvent 3 datasets
have been taken from SimaPro release 9 software database.
EIZO collects
Materials: Use spec sheet values
Transport: Measured the distance on map
Energy:Used electricity bill invoice value

3.4.

Data qualityAll foreground data were collected at Hakusan and Hakui Plant Between April 1, 2021 and March 31,2022 (One year average data).
Background data ware used from ECOINVENT 3 database (The data version is 2020).

3.5.

Allocation

The electric power used in the factory for manufacturing an EV2740X was calculated by allocating
EV2740X weight from the total weight of the monitor produced in one year (monitor mass x number ofproduction) of this factory.
The electric power used in the PCB board factory for manufacturing an EV2740X PCB board wasallocated from the production ratio of small, medium, and large monitors for one year and its
representative mass of the PCB board.

3.6.

Assumption and Limitation

Assumption
The on-mode power consumption when using this monitor was used the power consumption value of
EIZO’s Typical Power Consumption specifications.
For transportation, we picked up four major cities, Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya and Fukuoka.
Glass and other materials/metals were assumed to be 100% landfilled.
Limitation
The study results are limited to a specific use scenario and real-world use of the monitor may
significantly change the resultMaterials are represented by industry average data, not primary supplier data. To the extent thatmaterial/components suppliers may not be average, the results might significantly change.

4. LCA Results
4.1.

LCIA methodology

LCIA was calculated by using CML is developed by the Institute of Environmental Sciences Leiden
University, the Netherlands.

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Life Cycle Assessment Reporthttps://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/science/environmental-sciences/tools-and-data#CML_IA
LCIA results are relative expressions and do not predict impacts on category endpoints, the exceedingof the thresholds, safety margins or risks.
Impact category
Global warming potential (GWP 100)
Ozone depletion potential (ODP)

Unit

Model

kg-CO2eq

IPCC

kg-CFC-11eq

WMO

Eutrophication potential (EP)kgPO43-eq

Heijungs et al.

Acidification potential (AP)kg-SO2eq

Hauschild and Wenzel

Photochemical oxidant creation potential (POCP)

kg-C2H4eq

Jenkin and Hayman

Abiotic depletion potential (ADP)Kg-Sbeq

Guinee et al.

4.2.

Life cycle Environmental Impact Assessment Result

ImpactCategoryUnits

TotalRaw
MaterialManufact
uringTransportation

Use

Disposal

GWP

kg-CO2eq

4.03E+02

2.57E+02

2.79E+00

2.72E+00

1.39E+02

1.39E+00

ODPkg-CFC-11eq

2.03E-05

1.71E-05

4.86E-08

4.02E-07

2.69E-06

5.21E-08

EPkgPO43-eq

1.41E+00

1.26E+00

2.60E-03

1.56E-03

1.38E-01

3.56E-04

APkg-SO2eq

3.38E+00

2.72E+00

1.24E-02

7.06E-03

6.42E-01

1.05E-03

POCP

kg-C2H4eq

1.48E-01

1.20E-01

5.13E-04

3.50E-04

2.66E-02

4.91E-05

ADP

Kg-Sbeq

3.05E+00

2.01E+00

2.01E-02

1.94E-02

1.00E+00

2.53E-03

9Life Cycle Assessment Report5. Interpretation
5.1.

CompletenessSince we have made a 5% cut-off, the raw material should be an additional 5%. In the GWP impact
index, Row material accounts for 63.8 % of total emissions. Therefore, the total impact will increase by
3.2 %.
The materials within 5% are small parts, sheets and labels made of general plastics, and copper
harnesses, paper prints, metal, screws, etc.
They do not include anything that has a major impact on the environment.

Raw material’s impact of GWP

CO2 increased amount byadditional 5% Raw material

Impact to GWP by additional
5% Raw material

63.8 %

12.9 kg

3.2 %

5.2.

Sensitivity

When the brightness of On-mode, which may vary as data, is maximized, it will increase by 16 W in
actual measurement.
When On-mode increases by 16 W, Total Power Consumption increases from 224.9 kWh to 459.0 kWh.
This corresponds to an increase of 144.5 kg in CO2 emissions. In the GWP impact, Total Power
Consumption (use phase) accounts for 34.5 % of the total, so the total GWP impact increases by 35.9%.

Use phase impact of GWP

CO2 emissions increased by
maximizing on-mode
brightness

Impact to GWP by increasemaximizing on-mode
brightness

34.5 %

144.5 kg

35.9 %

5.3.

Consistency

The impact index of the LCD panel accounts for 68.5 % of the raw material, and 43.7 % of the total life
cycle impact index. If the impact index of the LCD panel increases by 10% due to errors, the total impact
will increase by 4.4 %. This corresponds to an increase of 17.6 kg in CO2 emissions.

UNIT-LCD impact of GWP

CO2 increased amount by
increase UNIT-LCD impact

Impact to GWP by increase
UNIT-LCD impact

43.7 %

17.6 kg

4.4 %10

Life Cycle Assessment Report
5.4.

Representativeness

The materials and processes of this product are very common. So, most of selected data represents
this model well. However, there are several kinds of cables/connectors in this product and we used only
the below three data. These cables/connectors consist of 4.3% total product weight. This might havesome small variances.
Cable, three-conductor cable
Electric connector, wire clamp
Electric connector, peripheral type buss
There is a stand-free version as another form of EV2740X. In the case of the version without stand, theimpact index for the no stand is reduced.
From the GWP impact, CO2 emissions from the stand are 6.4 % of the raw material, which is 16.5 kg.
The total impact without a stand is only decrease of 4.2 %, and it can be considered that the standard
product with stand can be regarded as representative data.
ASSY-STAND and ASSYBASE-UNIT impact of the rawmaterial

CO2 decreased amount by nostand impact

Impact to GWP by decreasestand6.4 %-16.5 kg

-4.2 %5.5.

Conclusion

It was found that the ratio of the power consumption by the user to the global warming potential(GWP) is as large as 34.5 %. The power consumption of the display by the user greatly changes
depending on the actual daily usage and the brightness setting of the display. We realized again thatthe need to reduce power when using the display.

5.6.

Recommendation

Since the global warming potential (GWP) can be reduced by reducing the power consumption of theuser, it is necessary to appropriately control the brightness when using the display, which greatlyaffects the power, or to reduce the power consumption of the display itself.

6. References

ISO 14025/DIN EN /ISO 14025:201110: Environmental labels and declarations — Type III
environmental declarations — Principles and procedures
ISO 14040: 2006 - Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – Principles andframework
ISO 14044:2006 - Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – Requirements andguidelines
EPD 004: Monitor [2013/00/201309], Product Category Rules (PCR) for Monitor
SimaPro 9.0 / Ecoinvent 3:
CML 2001 (all impact categories) V2.05 / the Netherlands, 1997

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