!"#$%!

!"#$%&'()*+,-.
Fundamental Study on The Visibility ofColors under Various Illuminations!!
!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/!! !

!"#$%"!#$&%'&()'()"*+*#!"!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/

ɔ 183 ɔ!"#$%&'/0,123*456789:5,1 ;<=>;<?
@;ABC@DAEF+GHIJK"L#MNO!##$PQ!#!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/!"#$$%&'()* !"(+,-./ 01/ 234

!"#!"
#$%&

5678(9:;'()*+,-./0123,-#$%/456789:;

ɔ 184 ɔ!"#$%&'()*+,-./01!"#$%&'()*+,-./01
235

234;
<=>?
@AB

438%&'()*+!"#$%&

9:
437
0
1
436

435

434!"#
24

$"#
5%"#
C&"#
6'"#
D

("#7)"#
E

8!$!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/2345+,-./01!"#$%&'()*+,-/,-.

5
6
789
:!
;

.-2%&'()*+!"#$%&

34.-1*+.-0.-/.-.
.

,!"#

/
$"#

<%"#

0&"#

='"#

1
("#>)"#

2"%!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/

ɔ 185 ɔ

627895+,-./01!"#$%&$'()*+,-./!"#$%&'()*+,-013

012

9:;
<=>
?
@

216%&'()*+!"#$%&

7
8215
.
/
214

213

212
20!"#

$"#
3

A%"#

4&"#

B'"#

5
("#C)"#

6"&!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/:;<=(>?()*+,-./01!"#$%&'%()*+,-./0124

123:
;
<=>
?
@
A

327

%&'()*+!"#$%&

8
9326/
0325

324

323
31!"#

4
$"#

B%"#

5&"#

C'"#

6
("#D)"#

7"'!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/

ɔ 186 ɔ!@A895+,-./01!"#$%&'()*+,./1./0

6
789:;<=0/3%&'()*+!"#$%&

450/"
,0/2

0/1

0/0
0.
!"#

$"#
1%"#
>

&"#
2'"#
#

("#")"#?

3"(!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/

BC01"#$D+EFGHIJKLM!"%!"#!"&!"#(!"#&!"$'!"&!"$%!"%'!"*&!"(*!"$&!"%&!"**!"$(!"$)!"#$!"$'!"&%!"()NaVYZ!"#$!"&(!"+(!"+$ !"'* !"& !"+$!"'* !"+ !"+% !"'%WX*STUVDR?

")!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/

ɔ 187 ɔBC01"#$D+EFGHIJKNM!"+!"'*!"+(!"&$!"+%!"$&!"(%NaVYZ!"+%!"'(!"'(!"&'!"'&!"&)!"+*!"#$!"($!"&(!"+%!"&*!"'&!"('!"'WX*!"&!"&$!"&$!"$!"&(!"&(!"&*STUV!"&'!"&%!"+&!"&%!"'*!"'%
!"'%
DR?

"!

!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/!"#$%&'()*+,-./01234567! "#$ %&' ()*+,-./012345678
9:;<=>9?;@A
B CDEFGHI JKLMGNO *+,-./0123
9?;<=>9:;@A9:;<=>9P;@A
Q RST%&' JKLMGNO "#$ *+,-./0123
9U;<=>9P;@A9U;<=>9?;@A""!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/ɔ 188 ɔ

!"#$%&'()*+,-./01234587
V RST%&' *+,-./012345678
9?;<=>9U;@AW JKLMGNO *+,-./0123
9U;<=>9X;@A9P;<=>9?;@A"#!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/>-?@ABC<)4!"#$%&'()*+(,-./01234
56789:;<=
D"#$,EFAG>-HIJ;KLIMCNO"P()Q(,LMCN%4G>-FH#$EF
P(&'(0Q,RA4Q&'0P(,R1STU07V!

"*!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/

ɔ 189 ɔ!"#$%&'()*+,"$!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/

TYZ

T>[\]TYZ^_`3a
PbXbcb?
b:#%!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/

ɔ 190 ɔWXYZ[\],^_`9!"$%3) 45#"$%3) 67$"$%3) 89

012.
"#$%&'()*+,-./!%"'(3) 45#%"'(3) 67$%"'(3) 89!!

:$%)&:'();<=$%)>:'()

?@A+
B9'()

='()>=$%)='()>:$%)
01C.

!"#$%&'()*+,-&./01234567#8#9:&;<01=>?@AB(CDEFGHI#*+&JKLMN1OP#Q57#8>FG>#RSTUV!""#$""W#&!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/

defgL*hi#'!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/

ɔ 191 ɔabcdefg;hfJfVi)%===
jk*[l`mn-op0q3*rs)t,3umntvwxyumn
jk*[l`z{r|q3*r{}~z{r|^1r
u~ >q}[u*rjopt>23r
jk*[l`*^op0q3*r
t
jop023* ¡¢*£e¤+¥¦§^¨u©ª^«u]u3
jop¬­®¯r °}±&¯r¤ttt²³´µ¶>·¸ ¹³º»0C¼3½^1#(!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/!"#$%!

!"#$%&'()*+¾¿^À}>ÁuÂ
¾ÃÄÅ^Æ«23Â T¤#)!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/

ɔ 192 ɔ!"#$%"#$%+,-./011()* 5'
&'

234

"678

$%*

!"#$%&'()*+,-./0)&'12345

67893:%/;%<=&9:4 ;<=;<=>. >7893?@A6BC&'D)E4F-GH
EFG&'>I893?@A?@;A "#B&CD$% 6JK)L+FM%-./0)NO"PQJKRSTUVW
X%&'YZ[\]93^'/HIAJ"#$%+,-.KL9M.
#!

!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/!"#$%!"#$%&'()*+#,-./0123334$%56)3789:;<!

"#$%&'()

0"#$2.34%&/!! *$+),-$ 0! *$1(./!0 *$25)
00 *'67,$8/

9:(#"#$%&'()!9 *$;<./

09 *#=$>?>?./@A(#B$%&'()!@ CD$E(F/0@ GHI(J$%&/K

LM#!N$%&F)

V"#$WX'%&/!K OPNQ$8/ 0K *RSTU)/#$IH)!V =PNQ$8/ 0V YZ[$X)\"#R%I]U)/^_ !\ Pab$Q)`T/YZf)!e g$h/0\ B$5cUd)U%&/e0e *Ri-[j'kl$%&/m Nn#op$q(,-/ !m * $ > r > r . 0m *'sB,$8//!t *$Q)
0t *`'$h/9t uvG$w)=>?@A>?B9CDE>?&FGHA9IJ)"#$%&'()E#"!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/

ɔ 193 ɔ!"#$%!K":L MNOPQR STUVWXYZ :[\]"#efQghK"5cd]"5^_`^_`a)AbQcd]ijkl5manopqanopcd/rstu2]v^w5xJXy)AK"5cd]z{|5}8AK"5cd]z~58AK"5cd]QghK"5cd]zi RK"5wy)]X#9&^o8)AbRK"5cd
#"
!%
!$!
" !#> !"
? &%
$

#""

'*"

')"

'%"

)'"
)(")&"

!$"

!#"

!!"

!""

&*"

&)"

&%"

%'"
%("$"

!"

"%&"

##"

jklHmn;Kopqrs[t!&!"#$%&'!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/#$%&'()*+,-./0123456,789:;<=!">?=@ABC DE FGH##!3P/2 ¡Q¢£7¤&¥¦*+#§¨©ª«¬­&®)AbQR¯°±²#³´Qghkµ±#¶·¸5cdE
¹ºQ^*P#¶·»¼/¹½#£z¾¿2
¹p­Q£z9b)»¼&A8GE
QÀÁÂQÀÁ&ÃÄ©EAQÅWy*ÆÀÁRÂ
Ç#»¼9ÈÉQÊ&ËhÌaEÀÁ5ÍhÎ«Ï*PQR`ÐÑo®()5Â^ÒX­a)ARÏbh®()gGQ7)EÇ#P&E¸#ÓÔÐÂ¾¿#ÕÖ&zief#ÀÁA^o×Øa)HA59b)EDE

FE

GHI2DJKLMENOPQRE#*!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/ɔ 194 ɔ!3P/2 ¡Q¢£7¤&¥¦*+#§¨©ª«¬­&®)AbQR¯°±²#³´Qghkµ±#¶·¸5cdE
¹ºQ^*P#¶·»¼/¹½#£z¾¿2
¹p­Q£z9b)»¼&A8GEQÀÁÂQÀÁ&ÃÄ©EAQÅWy*ÆÀÁRÂÇ#»¼9ÈÉQÊ&ËhÌaEÀÁ5ÍhÎ«Ï*PQR`ÐÑo®()5Â^ÒX­a)ARÏbh®()gGQ7)EÇ#P&E¸#ÓÔÐÂ¾¿#ÕÖ&zief#ÀÁA^o×Øa)HA59b)EDE!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/

FE

DE&FESTN&'UAVW XYZP[XYZP\]^EW_ `ab[N>#$cde_\fYgh[ijeQ[k l+^AmnoÙ6)ÚÛÜ&Ú8oz>?&FÏ*P#P¥Ý
Þß#à5ÂPÂáß#à5PE
à#mw5P&â^o8)E

DEpq^A

DESTeXYZP\vwx>
yUWz{|NOjwr+stN
MENO\]LGur+}~mh[GLW>pq^ANPw[kFEpq^A

FESTeXYZP\vwx>yUWz{|NOjw>?&FGHA9ÂP5ÕÖ333ãäå#qá!"#!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/!"$%&'()*+,

ɔ 195 ɔ!"-*%Ç¯ÈÉ>[3ÊËÌxÍÎ*Ï
ttttk*[l`ÐÑ0Òu Ó0ÍÎ23*r¤ÔÕÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÄÞßÀàt/áâãtäåâãt¨æ*ç£âãÍÎ
bèé&*èéêëì0íî>CÁ23 ï3¡Ñêëì0ð~ è- ¢«&ñ]ò¸3½*óôêëì
0õl
böÐ÷ø
xyz{|}~

GHIDR

ÔÕÕ
R



*&
!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/

Ç¯ÈÉ>[3ÊËÌxÍÎ*Ï
ttttk*[l`ÐÑ0Òu Ó0ÍÎ23*r¤ÔÕÕÝÄÞßÀàt/áâãtäåâãt¨æ*ç£âãÍÎ
bèé&*èéêëì0íî>CÁ23 ï3¡Ñêëì0ð~ è- ¢«&ñ]ò¸3½*óôêëì0õlbùÑúã
./0123456789:;@ABCDE<=01>./0123456789?;@ABCDE

FG

HG

FG

HG

IJKLMN

Q(RQS

QT

QS

01OPMN

QUR

Q(VQ(R

Q(V@ABW!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/!"#XYZZ[Q!"-XYZZ[!"#XYZZ[ɔ 196 ɔ\(RRCDE*'ûÏ °*#üý³þTj¿^À}>ÁÁ ÿ Ê!"ò#Á ²³-3jÃÄÅ^Æ«-3üý*$±{#RfU)Y.
*(!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/

ûÏ °*#78ÃÄÅ^Æ«-3üý³þT%&'()ÝÃÄÅ0-3*+,Æ23½^-.`T/Ñ
01x>/Ññ~T³þ0²\] ï3Ye20Ò\]|lje23^4Á 5ì^6`u³þTk*[l`T¤*)!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/

ɔ 197 ɔ

Ye2Ý9:;ØH<=³þ0³u~8>*?ñ!0"^Rh$E(¡#$¢F)£¤j¥'¦)
$§¢fF)£¤j¥'¦)
$¨©fF)!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/<=TÝ8#T¬$TÝ%&'$T(T*!

%&'()Ý*^À}>Áuüý³þT*/Ñ

*"!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/

ɔ 198 ɔ¸¹º»¼½¾¿À?4±NÁÂLÃÄª«¬­®¯«°±#²³´µR¶·Å$ÆÇÈc[ÉÊ­ÊË
J$*'Ì&/ÂÍRÎ&/[]Ï
ÐÑ¯4ÒÓ*#ÔÕ|²³j¥Ä¶|=OÖ×ØLÃ|=OÙÚ¿Û¶·|=OÖ×ØC*Ü|¼½¾4 ¶·
±#ÝÞßà,²Õ|áâ*#!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/ãää|ÙÚ¿Ûåd
M
LILJK
IH
IHJK
I\I\JKI[I[JKNOPNOQ

56XYZ[\#]^NOR!"!##%""

!"$!

#$""

_`a56Yba56c!"!!

(&%(&$%"#&#"""

("&!

!!""

"&'!'"""&%!%"""&$!$""")*(&+STHJK

STHJL,-./0-./)*(&",-123

0-123

STHJKUVQ=9WXYZ]^_VQ`abcd:

WWVQefg]_WWVQ`abcd:`a:
STHJLUVQ=9WXYZ]^_VQ`a:]^_VQ`abcd:

WWVQ`abcd:efg]_]^_VQ
`a:

WWVQ
`a:

**
!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/

ɔ 199 ɔûÏ °*#7+¿>,ñu t*^À}>Áuüý³þT

-.-/0.

gh]^_`abcLdefi^_`abcLjfk
IJKLdef>jfk
lmnopqr!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/

æç#èé¨êëìí

hij6klHv)w\|6[

mnopqrrs\JKxyzJ\K{[JK}JL~yzJK{[JLKJLyzJ\K{[JL\JKyzJ\K{[struvwxkyzkl{,bKwf|XnX}~lrh-6Tijtuk
l-6TKL}zKzLzKLHL}K*$î"Qï^8ÚÛÜ&ðÚ^*8ñò

óÜ\ôVõWXöVõ#ÚÛ&÷ø/ôVõ3ùúõ3ùVõ3öúõ3öVõ3ûZõ2

Üü&åýþQVÿ!
/"#$3%#&&'(3)"##*3+&r#,

Çy-y#./9 01AÚÛ&Ú8*>?&2ZTCD
3"3/ãä23z¸3"#iþefx3455/6Ä782
39:F;3>?</=>A?;L27!&

3K":L!"#$%&"#$%'()*+,-./%)å&"#*$%&©ÂóÜ\'(õ[\#ÚÛÜ5 ")#*+5¹pÔ78$%!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/

ɔ 200 ɔe212+3n*4}¿^ï354}¿*Ä6073[l>%&-809Á
:;<=> 6>:;?Ê""@AÅBÝCD¨ÌÇEF$&!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/GÐÑHI*¡ÏJC*Üæç

éêëëìí

îïêêðæçñòðó

ôëõêéêëëìí

=è!K×Oè!K×îïêêðñòðó

ôëõê

ö÷'Ï±$ßc/^ÏC*Ü$E(F/L4ø./^ÏùL./[]C*ÜÑ§¢./|Oè!K×ÑÏøfU)/ú$û2/$'!"#$%&'()*© +,-./ 011*%&'()2*%323%435/

ɔ 201 ɔ