Lao People
Democratic Republic
Disaster Management in Lao PDR

Introduction• Country Profile• Natural and Man-made Disaster in Lao PDR• Disaster and the Impacts• Disaster Management in Lao PDR

1LAOS AND ITS LAND-LINKED POSITION IN
SOUTHEAST ASIA

Country Profile• 16 provinces, 1 municipality and one
special zone
• Capital City – Vientiane• Land area of 236,800 sq. km.
• Arable land4%
• Covered by forest 46%• Mountainous 70 %2

Climate and Weather:• Northeast monsoon affects – mid Oct to mid Apr,
it’s dry period with low humidity and temperature.
• Southwest monsoon affects – mid May to mid
Oct, heavy rainfall and high humidity.
•Short drought period about two weeks, Jun – Jul.
•Annual rainfall ranges from 1,400 – 3,500 mm.
•Annual average minimum Humidity 65%, andmaximum 95%.

Demography• Population of 5,777,180 million (2002 est)
• 50.58%:Female and 49.42 %Male• Average annual growth rate of 2.5%
• 47 ethnic groups• Rural Population – 85%• Birth rate: 36.9/1,000 population• Death rate: 12.71/1,000 population• Infant mortality rate: 88.9/1,000 live birth• Population density 20 persons per Km2

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Social Development Indicators• Population living below poverty line 40 %• Life Expectancy
53.88 yrs.
• Female: 55.87 yrs; Male: 51.95 yrs• Adult Literacy Rate
57 %Profile of Economic* Economic Indicator:
Real GDP Growth Rate
GDP Per Capita

5% (2001 est.)
US$ 320

Exports

US$ 325 million

Imports

US$ 540 million

4Sector-wise Composition of Economy• Agriculture: 50.9 % of GDP• Industry :23.4 % of GDP• Services:
25.7% of GDP (2001 est.)
Services
26%

Industry
23%

Agriculture
Agriculture
51%

IndustryServicesHazards and Disasters in Laos• Natural Disaster:– Flood– Drought– Windstorm– Landslide– Epidemic– Pest• Man-made– UXO– Fire– Road Accidents5Natural Disaster in Lao PDR
Total Affected People by Natural
Disaster in Lao PDR 1966-2002

Epidemic,
19,929.00

Windstorm,
1,307,312.00
Drought,
4,250,000.00

Flood,
2,361,742.00

Natural Disaster in Lao PDR

Total People Killed by Natural Disaster in Lao
PDR 1966-2002
Windstorm,
Flood,
56.00
419.00

Epidemic,
784.006Natural Disaster in Lao PDR

N at ural D isast er Event in Lao PD R 19 6 6 2002
Windst orm
3Epidemic, 6f lood
29Dr ought, 17

Flow Contributions:Upper Mekong (18%)•ChinaLower Mekong (82%)* Cambodia 18%* Lao35%* Thailand 18%* Viet Nam 11%16%.

•Myanmar 2%.

Annual Rainfall in the Mekong BasinRegionAnnual Rainfall (mm)Lancang River Basin

Variable.

Northern Highlands

Wet.

600 mm in North, 2700 mm in south
2000 mm to 2800 mm

Korat Plateau

Relatively Dry

1000 mm to 1600 mm

Annamite Chain

Wet.

2000 mm to3200 mm

Southern Uplands

Very Wet.

Upto4000 mm

The Mekong Plain

Variable.

1100

to2400 mm

Source: MRC, Appropriate Improvement of Hydrological Network, 2001

7Mekong River

Mekong Tributaries

Severe flooding has occurred in 1966,1976, 1978, 1995, 1996 and 2000.

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Disaster and the Impacts
1966 – 2002, flood occurred 29 times, withsevere damaged cost in 1966,1976, 1978,
1994, 1995, 1996 and 2000 .
Flood damage d cost in USD
60000000
50000000
40000000
Damaged co st in USD

30000000
20000000
10000000
1966
1976
1994
1995
1996
2000

0

Disaster and the Impacts

30000

25000025000

20000020000

15000015000

100000

10000

50000

5000
Southern0Centre0Damaged Area(Ha)300000

Northern

Affected People

Flood 2000:- 15 killed,- 66,500 families or around 398,000
people were affected in 42 districts- 197 irrigation schemes destroyed- 42,000 hectares of agriculture crops
affected.
- 50 million USD.

Affected People
Damaged Areas

9150000
10000050000
Southern

Centre0
Northern

affected people

Flood 2001:- 9 provinces were affected.
- 42,612 families or around
244,050 persons were affected.
- 42,223 hectares of 411,030
hectares in planting areas weredamaged.

35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0

damaged areas (Ha)Disaster and the Impacts

Aff ect ed People
Damaged Areas

Disaster and the Impacts

40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0

250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000SouthCentre

0
Norternaffected people

300,000

Damaged areas (ha)Flood 2002:- 33,702 hectares of the 432,900
hectares planted to different
crops were damaged.
- 3 killed.
- 249,782 people in 50,342
families were affected.

Affected People
Planting Areas
Damaged10Disaster and the Impacts• Drought :– The effects ofdrought particularly
severe in 1977, 1988
and 1989.

Cost of Damage (US$)
25000000
20000000
15000000Cost of Damage10000000
5000000
01977

1988

1989

Disaster and the Impacts• Fires: (urban)– Other disasters include
Fires that occur in some of
the major cities and cause
extensive damage due tothe lack of sufficient firefighting equipment
Fire caused damage from 2000-2002– From 2000-2002, fire(US$)
caused damaged of 10,000,000.00
1,000,000.00
5,402,695 USD.
100,000.00
10,000.00
1,000.00

Mu.V
Ph.Ly
X-K
LN
OX
LB
XR
V
BKKM
SKCS
BX

100.00
10.00
1.00
1HPSV

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Disaster and the Impacts• Fires: (forest)– Beside the urban fire, there iswild fires on forest sources
cause from people activities,
slash and burn for cultivation in
upland and lowland.
– 134,995 hectares were burned byforest fire in 1998 in wholecountry.
Areas affected by forest fire 1998
(Ha)
140000

Luangprbang
Bokeo
Oudomxai
Saignabuly

120000Vientiane

100000Vientiane.Mu
80000

Xiengkhuang

60000

Khammouane

40000

Savanakhet

20000

Salavan0

Champasack

Burned (h)SekongDisaster and the Impacts
Unexploded Ordnance:• UXO is a legacy of the Indochina
war in 1960’s and early 1970’s.
• More than 2 million tons ofordnance dropped over the LaoPDR.
• 30% of this did not detonate onimpact.
• 2001, 35 people were killed and87 people were injured by UXO.

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Why Lao PDR is Disaster Prone Country ?

The main problems to be consider on causeof disaster:• Environment degradation and deforestation.
• Inappropriate development.
• Lack of Resources to Implement Strategicplans.
• Lack of equipment and sources.
• Lack of effective early warning andinformation management systems.

Disaster Management
Organization In Lao PDR

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Disaster Management Programs in Lao PDR• After 1975, Activities of Govt.’s Relief Programs.
• 1993, coordinate relief and mitigation activities with NGOpartners.
• In 1995, MLSW was established – Risk Management.
• After 1996 flood, an ad-hoc committee was set up – emergencyresponse.
• Natural Disaster Preparedness as key rural development (CSN)
1996-2000).
• Disaster and emergency relief to disaster preparedness.
• Within the MLSW, NDMO with supported of UNDP, took
responsibility in 1997 for the formulation of the Govt. policyon DM.
• NDMC was established, Landmark Decree No. 158/PM., andNDMO functions as the secretariat of the NDMC.

Diagram of Organization on DM in Laos
Prime Minister’s Office (PMO)

National Disaster Management Committee (NDMC)

Ministry Focal Points(MFP)

Provincial Focal Point in Unit(PFPU)

National DisasterManagement Office (NDMO)

Provincial Disaster Management
Committee (PDMC)
Ministry Focal Point in Unit
(FPU)

District Focal Point in Unit
(DFPU)

District Disaster Management
Committee (DDMC)
Belong Line
Village Disaster Protection Unit
(VDPU)

Coordination Line

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National Disaster Management Committee• The NDMC consisting of representative from 13
key ministries:• Minister of MLSW
Chairman• Vice-Minister of MAF
Vice–Chairman• Chief of Cabinet of MFA
Vice-Chairman• Chief of Cabinet of MODMember• Chief of Cabinet of MOIMember• Chief of Cabinet of MOE
Member• Director of Budget Dept. MOF
Member• Director of Transport Dept. MCTPC
Member• Director of Industry Dept. MIH
Member• Director of Hygiene Dept. MOH
Member• Director of Mass Media Dept. MIC
Member• Director of Social Welfare Dept. MLSW
Member• Chairman of Lao Red Cross
MemberRole of NDMC
• Implement policy and decision on interministerial basis.
• Develop policies, national DM plan, provideoverall direction for provincial and districtplans.
• Responsible for major operational decisions
during emergency.

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NDMO Diagram

Director of NDMO

Deputy Director of NDMO

Planning Unit

Information Unit

Relief Unit

Training Unit

Role of NDMO
• Promoting disaster mitigation,
preparedness activities at local level.
• Implementing public awareness activities(include projects).
• Providing training, guidelines and plans tomake disaster risk management moreeffective.

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National Disaster Management Plan
National Strategic Plan on disaster management isbroken down into periods as:- 2001 to 2005
- 2005 to 2010
- 2010 to 2020

Goals of NAP on DM 2003-2005• Establish DDMC in 80% of total district.
• Establishment of focal point and identify contact
person on DM.
• Organization of effective early warning systems.
• Organize 4 training courses on DM in each year.
• Establishment of rescue team and quick response
team within Municipality and Provincial level byusing of army, police, students and volunteer s atlocal level.
• Produce Natural Hazard Maps.

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