LOMONOSOV CONFERENCE, 19-25 August 2021
Claude Vallée, CPPM Marseille

PHYSICS BEYOND COLLIDERSPROSPECTS AT CERN

1) Post-EPPSU PBC mandate
2) PBC science
3) PBC updated organization

NB: credit to PBC working groups and projects for most plots shown here
C. Vallée, Lomonosov Conference 2021

Physics Beyond Colliders prospects at CERN

1INITIAL PBC MANDATE AND DELIVERABLES FOR EPPSU
Excerpt from the 2016 PBC mandate:“Explore the opportunities offered by the CERN accelerator complex
and infrastructure to address some of today’s outstanding questions
in particle physics through experiments complementary tohigh-energy colliders and other initiatives in the world.”
Deliverables to EPPSU:PBC Summary Report: arXiv:1902.00260
PBC BSM Report: arXiv:1901.09966
PBC QCD Report: arXiv:1901.04482
PBC Accelerator Reports:
http://cds.cern.ch/collection/PBC%20Reports?ln=en
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Physics Beyond Colliders prospects at CERN

2UPDATED PBC MANDATE (2021)

Takes into account EPPSU recommendations:
Increase synergies with cosmology, astroparticle, nuclear and atomic physics
Strengthen collaboration of CERN with National Laboratories
Act as central forum of exchanges between theorists and experimentalists

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PBC SCIENCE

1) NEW FACILITIES
2) QCD-ORIENTED EXPERIMENTS
3) BSM-ORIENTED EXPERIMENTS
4) NEW EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL DIRECTIONS
For details see PBC workshop of 1-4 March 2021
https://indico.cern.ch/event/1002356/
C. Vallée, Lomonosov Conference 2021

Physics Beyond Colliders prospects at CERN

4PBC SCIENCE

1) NEW FACILITIES
2) QCD-ORIENTED EXPERIMENTS
3) BSM-ORIENTED EXPERIMENTS
4) NEW EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL DIRECTIONS
For details see PBC workshop of 1-4 March 2021
https://indico.cern.ch/event/1002356/
C. Vallée, Lomonosov Conference 2021

Physics Beyond Colliders prospects at CERN

5IAXOINTERNATIONAL AXION OBSERVATORY(axion helioscope successor of CAST@CERN)
BabyIAXO precursor approved and in construction at DESY

CERN PBC support to magnet design expected to go on in construction stage

Unique physics reach for ALPs searches

BabyIAXO

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PROTON EDM RINGCOSY at Jülich supported by EPPSU as possible site for developing the project

Final ring

Ongoing precursor experiment
at Jülich (magnetic ring)

Prototype E/B ring
~30 m ØDesign sensitivity: 4. 10-29 e.cm

TDR for prototype ring in preparation by CPEDM Collaboration (incl. CERN)
Many systematics issues to be solved: lattice, deflectors, RF cavities, B-shield, BPMs…
C. Vallée, Lomonosov Conference 2021

Physics Beyond Colliders prospects at CERN7NEW CERN ACCELERATOR FACILITIESAn alreadycrowded complex!

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Physics Beyond Colliders prospects at CERN

8PROTON BEAM DUMP FACILITY

Comprehensive Design Study done within PBC

Prévessin

400 GeVprotons

Continued R&D towards TDR for next EPPSU:
Slow extraction, target design, cost optimization incl. alternative siting (CNGS, West Area)→ of general interest for intensity upgrades of other CERN extracted beams
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Physics Beyond Colliders prospects at CERN

9NEW e-BEAM: AWAKE++
Electron acceleration
on wake fields from protonmicro-bunches in a plasma cell

CNGS decay tunnel

AWAKE post-LS2 layout

Proof of principle validated
in 2018 with electrons
accelerated up to 2 GeV

Could serve the purpose ofan electron beam dump experiment
located in the CNGS decay tunnel
in the post-LS3 era
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Physics Beyond Colliders
prospects
at CERN
CNGS decay tunnel
CNGSdecaytunnel

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R&D FOR NEUTRINO BEAMS
Recent new ideas of tagged ν beams being investigatedfor precision measurements and next generation Long Base Line projects

ENUBET:• νe beam monitored from K decays• Prototyping ongoing in Neutrino
Platform within ERC grant• Possible implementation atCERN to be studied in PBC

NuTAG:• νµ beam with (Eν,θν,φν) taggedfrom individual π decays
with HL-LHC silicon trackers• Feasibility and possible synergy
with ENUBET to be studied in PBC
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Goal of 107 intensity gainversus existing facilities

GAMMA FACTORY New idea introduced within PBC

Stored PSI with boost γLaser beam→4γ2γ-ray beamImportant milestone reached within PBC
with successful acceleration and storageof Partially Stripped Ions in LHC

Proof of Principle experiment withfull configuration in preparation at SPS

First general workshop on applications in atomic, nuclear, particle and applied physics
held end of 2020, see https://indico.mitp.uni-mainz.de/event/214/overview
C. Vallée, Lomonosov Conference 2021

Physics Beyond Colliders prospects at CERN

12PBC SCIENCE

1) NEW FACILITIES
2) QCD-ORIENTED EXPERIMENTS
3) BSM-ORIENTED EXPERIMENTS
4) NEW EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL DIRECTIONSFor details see PBC workshop of 1-4 March 2021
https://indico.cern.ch/event/1002356/
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PBC QCD PROJECTS IN WORLDWIDE LANDSCAPE
Structure Functions

QCD Phase Transition

Unique reach of LHC-Fixed Target withhigh statistics at high-x / high Q2

Unique reach of LHC-FT & SPS
in transition region to high-µB

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HEAVY ION PHYSICS AT SPS
NA61• Upgraded to study
open charm during run 3• Finer grain 2-D scan
to study onset of fireballforeseen after LS3

NA60++• Revival of NA60 concept to measure caloric curveof 1st order QCD transition with low-E dimuons• Toroid design ongoing with PBC support, as well as
detector developments in synergy with HL-LHC
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Physics Beyond Colliders prospects at CERN

Flattening of caloric curvein 1st order QGP transition

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MUonENew idea introduced within PBC:

(g-2)μ recent measurement
most recentlattice QCD

Direct measurement ofHVP contribution to (g-2)µwith μ-e elastic scattering
Complementary to prediction basedon dispersion relation with e+e- data
Very challenging experimentally:
10-5 (relative) precision required on cross-section

Pilot runs in 2022
Full data taking
aimed for during run 3
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Now in the handsof the SPSC
Physics Beyond Colliders prospects at CERN

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AMBER “QCD FACILITY” (COMPASS++)
Short term (run3): proton radius puzzle with µ-p elastic scattering
Longer term (excerpts):

With existing beams:
With new RF-separated K-beam:
Unique opportunity for higher precision(significant investment possible for post-LS3):
pion
structuremeasurements
Comprehensive
measurement of strange spectroscopy
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2021
Physics Beyond
Colliders prospects at CERN
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LHC FIXED TARGET
SMOG2 storage cell installed in LHCb for run3,
promises FT lumi x ~100 vs SMOG
Longer term options studied under PBC

LHCSpin study of polarized storage cell for LHCb

C. Vallée, Lomonosov Conference 2021

ALICE wire target
at z=-4.7m intercepting
beam halo deflectedby crystal

ALICE

Double crystal set-ups for measurementof short-lived baryons electric andmagnetic moments, either by LHCbor at a dedicated location

Physics Beyond Colliders prospects at CERN

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PBC SCIENCE

1) NEW FACILITIES
2) QCD-ORIENTED EXPERIMENTS
3) BSM-ORIENTED EXPERIMENTS
4) NEW EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL DIRECTIONS
For details see PBC workshop of 1-4 March 2021
https://indico.cern.ch/event/1002356/
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EDM &non-accelerator
projects cover
the very lowmass domain

PBC BSM PROJECTS IN WORLDWIDE LANDSCAPEPrecision &rare processes
experiments
extend reach of
high-E colliders
SPSbeam dumps
probe a specific
MeV-GeV domain

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Physics Beyond Colliders prospects at CERN20

K → πνν( BR ~ 10-10 )ULTRA-RARE K DECAYS
NA62 (K+):
Run 2: 20 events seen for 17 expected (10 SM + 7 BG)
Run 3: detector upgraded to reach ~100 signal events

Post-LS3 options:
K+ intensity increase by factor 4
K0 beam (ex-KLEVER): K0 decays complementary to K+
decays for the CKM matrix and BSM searches.
K+ and K0 options now considered as an integrated projectwith a multi-parameter internal phasing:K+ results ↔ K+/K0 sensitivity ↔ B-anomalies ↔ KOTO
competition in Japan
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SPS PROTON BEAM DUMP: NA62 & SHADOWSNew SHADOWS “low cost” detector
slightly off axis of TAX wouldSome NA62 data taking
increase acceptance at high mass inin beam dump modea higher-intensity post-LS3 beamdump
foreseen for run 3SHADOWS

NA62 dumpAchievedbyclosing
the TAX collimator
TAX(3.2 m of Cu + Fe))~1018 PoT in ~1 year
HNL

Be targetProtons
400 GeV

A’Dark Scalars

ALPsbeam
20 m

80 m

Instrumentation of NA62 decayvessel
wellprospects
adaptedPhysics
Beyond Colliders
at CERN to searches in visible decay mode
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C. Vallée, Lomonosov Conference 2021

SHiP ON THE BEAM DUMP FACILITY

State-of-the-Art Dual Spectrometerfor hidden particle searches

Emulsion spectrometerfor DM scattering+ ντ physics
DMdecay vessel

Active magnetic
muon filter

Spectrometerfor DM decays

Comprehensive Design Study done within PBC
Next step: prepare TDR for next EPPSU
with emphasis on muon shield and decay vessel prototyping as well as cost reduction
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NA64: electron beam dump for Dark Photon search with missing energy
Configuration adaptable to e+e- visible mode
One key feature: precision initial Ee tagging
with synchrotron radiation●“Cheap” setup implemented
in 2015 on H4 e test beam

C. Vallée, Lomonosov Conference 2021

Currently leading
the field!
Upgrades andpermanent setup
being implementedfor higher intensities
after LS2
SimilarPhysics
searches
inprospects
preparation
with muon and hadron beams
Beyond Colliders
at CERN
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LHC-LLP DEDICATED PROJECTS
Pioneered by FASER/SND@LHC/milliQan

FASER:
Dark photons & TeV neutrinos
480m from ATLAS IP
Detector installed for run 3

CMS

milliQan: milli-charged particles
33m from CMS IP
Successful demonstrator in run 2
Detector in construction for run 3
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Physics Beyond Colliders prospects at CERN

SND@LHC: TeV neutrinos
Slightly off axis opposite to FASER
Detector in construction for run 325

LHC-LLP DEDICATED PROJECTS

Options for a Forward Physics Facility
under study within PBC

Goal is to provide enough spacefor larger scale forward detectors
in the HL-LHC era
FLAREFORMOSAFASER 2C. Vallée, Lomonosov Conference 2021

Physics Beyond Colliders prospects at CERN

Forward
Physics
Facility26

CODEX-b

MATHUSLA

Further demonstrators anddetailed simulations planned
during run 3

ANUBIS:similar concept
as MATHUSLAbut in ATLAS
access shaft

LHC-LLP DEDICATED PROJECTSC. Vallée, Lomonosov Conference 2021

Largerscale projects at large angle
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PBC SCIENCE

1) NEW FACILITIES
2) QCD-ORIENTED EXPERIMENTS
3) BSM-ORIENTED EXPERIMENTS
4) NEW EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL DIRECTIONS
For details see PBC workshop of 1-4 March 2021
https://indico.cern.ch/event/1002356/
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ANTIMATTER FACTORY
Many quantum technologies at work for precision measurements:
CPT, fundamental constants, axion searches…

C. Vallée, Lomonosov Conference 2021
Physics Beyond Colliders prospects at CERN
RecentELENA upgrade enhances potential
for next decade29

ISOLDE & nTOF
Similar technologies as at antimatter factory,
with a fundamental physics potential for e.g.
• EW tests• EDMs• Spectroscopy of new states
ISOLDE• Nuclear clocks• …

EPIC proposal to upgrade ISOLDE tohigher energy (2 GeV) and intensitywith a new experimental hallnTOF

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AION

Atom interferometry for ultra-light DM
and mid-frequency gravitational waves
Proof-of-Principle 10m setup being built in UK
Possible siting of a 100m setup in a CERN LHC shaft
under investigation in PBC

QUANTUM SENSORSa few recent developments

VMB@CERNPTOLEMY

Measurement of cosmic neutrino background
New idea submitted to Snowmass and PBC

C. Vallée, Lomonosov Conference 2021

Vacuum Magnetic Bi-refringence
Optical set up being developed in Ferrara for a
CERN implementation with (HL-)LHC magnets

Physics Beyond Colliders prospects at CERN31

Dark Photons and Dark Matter

NEW THEORETICAL DIRECTIONS
A highlight of PBC for EPPSU:
definition and wide acceptation ofhidden sector benchmark models
to compare reach of projects
under same assumptions

mA’ = 0Dark
Scalars

Extension to all domains
dealing with Feebly Interacting Particles
has started
see FIPs kick-off workshop
https://indico.cern.ch/event/864648/
and report
arXiv:2102.12143
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Physics Beyond Colliders prospects at CERN

HNLsALPs
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“FIPs Physics Center” now embedded within PBC
as a “portal” towards the external world for
Feebly Interacting Particles

FIPs PHYSICS CENTRE
CollidersTheoryExperiments
at fixed target

Neutrino physics

DM direct detection
Axion experiments

Astroparticle,cosmology

FIPs Physics Center

ACCELERATOR
WGs

PBC
BSM WG

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Physics Beyond Colliders prospects at CERNQCD WG33

OUTLOOK: PBC UPDATED ORGANISATION

3 MCHF/year secured in the CERN Medium Term Plan for PBC support
New ideas may be submitted any time to the PBC Coordinators
alonginstructions
given Physics
on theC. Vallée, Lomonosov
Conference2021BeyondPBCCollidersweb
prospectssite
at CERNhttp://pbc.web.cern.ch/34

ADDITIONAL SLIDES

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HISTORY OF PRE-EPPSU PBC EVENTSPBC KICK-OFF WORKSHOP, CERN, September 2016
Call for abstracts → 20 selected for presentation

1st GENERAL WORKING GROUP MEETING, CERN, March 2017
Identification of main issues to be studied

2nd PBC WORKSHOP, CERN, November 2017
Working groups project reports
New call for abstracts → 7 selected for presentation

2nd GENERAL WORKING GROUP MEETING, CERN, June 2018
3rd PBC WORKSHOP: CERN, January 16-17, 2019

Summary of inputs to EPPSU and survey of future studies

3rd GENERAL WORKING GROUP MEETING, CERN, 5-6 November 2019
Updated status Physicsof projects
beforeEPPSU
Beyond Colliders
prospects
at CERNdrafting session

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PBC DELIVERABLES: ACCELERATOR WGs

Reports publicly available on CERN CDS: http://cds.cern.ch/collection/PBC%20Reports?ln=en
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EPPSU DELIBERATION DOCUMENTGeneral statements of interest for PBC

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Physics Beyond Colliders prospects at CERN38EPPSUDELIBERATIONDOCUMENT
A few specific projects
mentioned…

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UPDATED PBC MANDATE: SCIENTIFIC GOALS

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UPDATED PBC MANDATE: ORGANIZATION

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