PR★YOCT 2014★

U A REGAE O!

“You are Galileo!” ProjectEOJLLIIn 1609, the Italian scientist Galileo Galilei
became the first person to make astronomicalobservations using a telescope. A year later hemade a great discovery while observing Saturn.
What did he find?
Let's experience his surprise by recreating hisobservations using our telescope.

NameLet’s observe SaturnObservation & Sketch

Address

Let’s observe and draw sketches of Saturn and other stars (except for the Moon and the Planets).

Exampleweather: Clear

weather:

Date & Time21:00 Month 4 Day 30

Aperture of Telescope

4cm

SiteTokyo, JAPANMagnification *35 x*Magniﬁcation of a telescope can be calculated as follows: Focal length of telescope ÷ Focal length of eyepiece.

Date & Time

Aperture of Telescope

cm

Site

Magnification *x

Sketch of other stars
Sketch of Saturn(other than theMoon and the Planets)

How is Saturn different from other stars? Write down what you have noticed.

How to find the SaturnOn the following web page, you can get information about the location of Saturn(Moon, other planets, bright stars and constellations also).
http://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/cgi-bin/koyomi/skyviewer_en.cgi
Ｃ “You are Galileo!” ProjectPR★YOC T 2 0 14 ★

U A REGAE O!

EOJLLI“You are Galileo!” ProjectIn 1609, the Italian scientist Galileo Galilei
became the first person to make astronomical
observations using a telescope. A year later hemade a great discovery while observing Saturn.
What did he find?
Let's experience his surprise by recreating hisobservations using our telescope.

NameLet’s observe SaturnPost Observation StudyAddress

What are those objects attaching to Saturn?
Make your guess by referring to your sketches and the figures below.

Above: A copy of the sketch of
Saturn drawn by Galileo in 1610.
Below: A copy of Galileo’ s sketchof Saturn published in The
Assayer of 1623.

A copy of the sketches of Saturn drawn by 17th century
scientists after Galileo’ s work.
A copy of the figure of Saturn predicted by Huygens of
the Netherlands.
In 1659, Huygens revealed the true identity of thoseobjects attaching to Saturn.

Saturn has!
Ｃ“You are Galileo!” Project

“You are Galileo!” ProjectPost Observation StudyLet’s observe Saturn

Saturn has a beautiful ring system!
There is a beautiful ring system around Saturn. The rings are
considered to consist of rocky debris and ice particles. The ringsystem has a very small thickness of less than 100 m, while its
diameter is as much as 300,000 km.
Look at the images below. The ring system of Saturn changes its
apparent inclination through the years. How come?

Image of Saturn taken at
Ishigaki Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

Photos taken by Takeshi Hirano

As in the diagram below, Saturn is tilted 26.7 degrees to its orbital plane and completes its circle around the Sun, arevolution, about every 30 years inclining to the same direction. It causes different apparent inclinations of the ringsystem of Saturn through years. This is probably one of the reasons why the sketches of the ring system of Saturndrawn by 17th century scientists have all different shapes.
The ring system of Saturn is so thin that it cannot be observed from the Earth when the Earth lines up to view the ringsystem edge-on, and when the Sun shines upon it from the side. This phenomenon occurs about every 15 years, thatis, a half of the revolution period of Saturn. In August 2009, the ring system of Saturn disappeared from our view.
However it will not be an appropriate time for the observation because the apparent position of Saturn is close to theSun around this time. The next time it disappears from our view is in 2025.

Let’s draw figures of Saturn observed from the Earth in the empty circles of the diagram below.

Saturn observed
from the Earth

Orbit of Saturn26.7°

Orbit of the Earth
Orbital Period: 30 yrs

The ring system cannot be seen from the EarthWrite down what you learned from this observation, what you want to know more about andwhat you want to examine in the future.

Did you experience Galileo’ s Discovery? You are now a little Galileo!

Ｃ“You are Galileo!” Project