2002 Jan JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL[Print]JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALVol. 56, No. 1
CONTENTS
Jan-02

New Year's Speech

Makoto Kinzuka...(1)The Special Issue of JAPAN TAPPI 2001 Annual Meeting at Yonago
General Review of JAPAN TAPPI 2001 Annual Meeting at Yonago
Planning Subcommittee, JAPAN TAPPI...(4)

Keynote Address

Makoto Kinzuka...(14)

Lecture by Winner of 2000 JAPAN TAPPI Prize...(22)A Visit to Yonago Mill-Oji Paper Co., Ltd...(29)Technical Report
Evaluation Technology of Printed Matter and Special Evaluation Machine(APQS)
which Uses Technique of Image Processing
Wataru Katoh, Keiji Ohara, Masaru Maruki, Kiyokazu Sasaki and Seiichi Miyamoto...(37)
About the Automatic Core Supply of Winding Machine for the Paper

Matsuo Inoue...(45)

Manufacture and the Development Details of the Attached Device and Production
Crisis Control in the Aftermath of a Earthquake at a Pulp & Paper Mill

Atsushi Yamakita...(57)-Experience of the Earthquake of West Tottori PrefectureThe Outline of Fuji N-2Peperboard Machine-Oji Paper Challenge a World

Muraji Nishi...(61)Speed Record of800m/minOperating Experience of Ozone ECF Bleaching

Hitoshi Ito and Mineo Hashiba...(64)

Operational Experience of ECF Bleaching

Nobunao Nagao...(72)

Operating Experience of Two-Stage Oxygen Deligniﬁcation(DUALOX)System
Operating Experience of TWIN-HSM Coater

Isao Aoki...(78)
Yasuharu Oohashi...(86)

The Development of Backing Roll Auto-Sanding Device

Hideshi Kuninori...(91)

Try for Automatic on N2

Toshiyuki Nakatsuka...(96)-Machine-The Jumbo Rolls and Spools Transfer between Reel and RewinderOperating Experience of Non-Stop Delivery System Sheeter

Seiichi Tsuno...(101)Development of"Fine-press"for use in Paper Tray and Paper Cup Processing
Yoshiyuki Asayama, Hideyuki Mikado and Hisami Tobira...(105)Development of Toner-based Marking Paper with Microporous Coating Layer
Shuichi Maeda, Toru Nakai, Yasuhiro Oba, Masaaki Shimizu, Akira Nakamura,
Masaru Kato, Kiyoshi Hosoi, Ryosuke Nakanishi and Chizuru Koga...(112)
Operating Experience of New Indoor Chip Yard and Chip Thickness Screening System(CTSS)

Tadayoshi Kanbe...(116)

Operating Experience of Poseidon SaturnShouzo Hayashi...(121)Committee report...(03)Coffee break...(127)

Papyrus...(128)

Industry News(Domestic and International)...(130)

List of Titles in Foreign Journals Received by JAPAN TAPPI...(140)

List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication...(142)

Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District...(153)

Wholesale Price list of Papers at Tokyo Trade Center...(154)

Other Monthly Statistics...(156)

News from the Association...(158)

2002 Feb JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL[Print]JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALVol. 56, No. 2
CONTENTS
Feb-02

Newest Coating Technology
High Power Density Non-contact Dryer"UNIDRYER"

George J. Quenard and Shinji Otsuka...(1)Latest Developments in Air Floatation Drying

Robert Crampton and Shinji Otsuka...(7)Long Life Coater Blade Covered with Special Chromium Plating

Hirofumi Kishi...(15)The Technology of Measurement and Control for Coat Weight

Tomohiro Mineo...(23)

Enhancing Gloss and Caliper Proﬁles on Coated Grade Soft Nip Calenders

Kojima Mikio...(30)

The Latest Web Inspection System in Coater Machine

Makoto Endo...(36)

Operating Experience of Shiraoi No．32Coater Machine

Seiichiro Usui...(45)

Operating Experience of No．3Coater

Setsuo Shoji and Shigeru Takahashi...(51)Topics & Information
The Service Activities of Patent Information in JAPAN TAPPI Patent Committee

Toshihiro Fujita...(54)-Use of the Industrial Property Digital Library(IPDL)Investigation of KP Operational Conditions in Japanese KP Mills(Phase3)-Chemical Recovery Process(Black Liquor Evaporator, Recovery Boiler, Recausticizing,Lime calcining)Keiichi Tsuchiya, Hidetsugu Yamada and Minoru Hosoya...(59)Introduction of Research Laboratories
Laboratory of biomaterial science, Major of Applied Biochemistry,...(76)

Department of Bioproductive Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University
Research Report
Eﬀect of Fiber Horniﬁcation in Recycling on Bonding Potential at Interﬁber Crossings-Confocal Laser-scanning MicroscopyKhantayanuwong Somwang, Toshiharu Enomae and Fumihiko Onabe...(79)Technical Report
Retention Control System of Paper Machine for Many Grades Production
Yoshitatsu Mori, Masatoshi Kaku, Ryuuzaburou Sueda, Akio Mizuno, Hiroaki Iio and Isao Yamada...(86)
Pulp and Paper Mills in Japan-Yufutsu Mill, Nippon Paper Industries-Nippon Paper Industries...(96)

Committee report...(03)

Essay on Intellectual Property...(75)

Coffee break...(78)

Papyrus...(103)

Industry News(Domestic and International)...(106)

List of Titles in Foreign Journals Received by JAPAN TAPPI...(116)

List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication...(118)

Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District...(127)

Wholesale Price list of Papers at Tokyo Trade Center...(128)

Other Monthly Statistics...(130)

News from the Association...(132)

2002 Mar JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL[Print]JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALVol. 56, No. 3
CONTENTS
Mar-02
Process with Expert System
The Latest Report of Non-manufacturing Robots
Use Experience of a Microwave Based Consistency Transmitter

Masahiko Mitsukawa...(15)
Shoichi Hamada...(22)Tetsuya Mochizuki...(29)Result for The Testing Regarding Pulp Consistency Meter

Katsuya Kawata...(33)

Application of Quality Control Measuring Instruments in High DIP Use

Susumu Ohsawa...(45)Experience of a New Grade Change Control System

Shunji Matsushita...(49)

FOUNDATION Fieldbus-Present Condition and Issues

Kazuhiko Matsumoto...(56)

Development of the Fault Report System

Kazushi Nishiyama...(65)The Actual Results of Smart Valve Controller(ND800)

Yutaka Yokoyama...(72)

Topics & Information
Consideration of the Latest Technology for Drive Control
Remote Type Smart Positioner to Oﬀer Solution in the ﬁeld

Michio Kawamura...(78)
Minoru Fukuda and Osamu Uchiyama...(85)-Smart Valve Positioner Remote Type AVP3000AlphaplusTest Methods of ISO Brightness and Color

Yoshio Yoshida...(91)Research Report
Development of Super Water-absorbent from Cellulosic Materials

Yuehua Xiao and Gyosuke Meshitsuka...(104)-Improvement of Water AbsorbencyPulp and Paper Mills in Japan
Tomioka Mill, Oji Paper Co., Ltd-Oji Paper Co., Ltd.

...(112)

Committee report...(03)Coffee break...(103)

Papyrus...(122)

Industry News(Domestic and International)...(125)

List of Titles in Foreign Journals Received by JAPAN TAPPI...(137)

List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication...(139)

Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District...(148)

Wholesale Price list of Papers at Tokyo Trade Center...(149)

Other Monthly Statistics...(151)

News from the Association...(153)

2002 Mar JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL[Print]JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALVol. 56, No. 3
March 2002 Abstracts

The Automatic Train Operation Equipment with Expert System
Masahiko Mitsukawa
TDTSC，Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
Recently, the subway which required one-man operation has come to be constructed.
In the Automatic Train Operation system, it is important to operate the train accurately. But the improvement of riding comfort and theenergy saving are attached to importance compared with before.
To achieve more highly developed operation ,and to satisfy such a demand, we apply the expert system to the Automatic Train Operation
system.
In this discourse, Automatic train Operation Equipment with Expert system is described.

The Latest Report of Non-manufacturing Robots
Shoichi Hamada
Manufacturing Science and Technology Center, Chief Research Scientist HRP Department
MSTC (Manufacturing Science and Technology Center) is engaged in the following project that aims to develop the two types of robots fornon-manufacturing:(1) A robot system for supporting at the nuclear disaster
This robot system was developed on the occasion of the JCO accident to execute countermeasures against calamities in place of people bymeans of remote control. This system consists of two "monitoring/surveying robots" that observe the situation of a disaster and work, three"light/medium/heavy work robots" that execute counter- measures at a disaster, one "heavy weight carrier robot", and the each remote control
device. It is designed to make each robot collaborate on work under the critical situation such as the narrow space in nuclear facilities in
addition to the high level radiation at the stricken area.
It is desirable that nuclear disasters will never occur, however, people would be relieved if such kind of robots hurry to the scene of theaccident.
(2) Development of a human-friendly humanoid robot
This project is to research how the biped robot system work in the actual scene. For two years since 1998, the base research called "platform"(the main body of a robot and its remote control device) had been developed. A three-year research plan to apply its work started in the 2000
fiscal year.
The main body of the robot was based on and revised a humanoid robot made by Honda (P3). Its remote control device was developed tooperate with high presence as if a person were inside of a robot. Five kinds of application of this robot are chosen to be developed for carryingout dangerous work or what robots can do instead of men: "Plant Facility Maintenance", "Care Service", "Operating Industrial Vehicles","Management of Buildings and Homes" and "Cooperative Outside Work".
All of people concerned are tackling the development to realize a dream-like humanoid robot that can cooperate and coexist with humanbeings.

Use Experience of a Microwave Based Consistency Transmitter
Tetsuya Mochizuki
Honsha Mill , Yoshinaga Div. , Daishowa Paper Mfg. Co., Ltd.
This paper introduces the operation experiences of a microwave based consistency transmitter in the recycle board plant in Daishowa
Yoshinaga mill.
The microwave based consistency transmitter has an advantage in the coarse screening line because of having no projection. This time, we
verified the accuracy and the sensitivity compared with the existing rotating type transmitter.

Result for The Testing Regarding Pulp Consistency Meter
Katsuya Kawata

Process Control and Automation Committee，JAPAN TAPPIOji Engineering Co., Lt.
There are so many Pulp consistency meter for Pulp and Paper Industries．The type of them are "rotary blade"，"blade"，"microwave"，"optical"．We tested those 6-types of consistency mater that are installed on the pipe line under the same conditions．
We used 3-types of pulp for this test（NUKP，LBKP and DIP)．And this tests were such as "measurement for consistency change"，"measurement for ﬂow velocity change"，"measurement for pressure change"，"measurement for clay add"．You will ﬁnd the result for theabove tests．

Application of Quality Control Measuring Instruments in High DIP Use
Susumu Ohsawa
Nippon Paper Industries Co.,Ltd．Kushiro Mill
Quality control of the deinked pulp, DIP plant has recently become more important than before as recycled pulp use grows higher. Although
ash content and residual ink are also important factors in addition to brightness among some quality indexes of DIP, it is hard to measure thoseexactly and we have had no good measuring instruments until now. In this paper we describe successful results of newly installed retention
meter RMi and brightness meter CORMEC, KAJAANI in the various DIP process lines.

Experience of a New Grade Change Control System
Shunji Matsushita
Oji Engineering Co.,Ltd Yonago Division
We have applied a new grade change control to 1 M/C in Yonago mill. It was originally developed by Oji paper and Yokogawa Electric
Corporation added some improvement to it. In this paper, we explain the difference between the new grade change control and the old one andthe effect of the new control referring to the process of the improvement.
Besides, we also adopted the new caliper CD control and we report the control method and eﬀect of it.

FOUNDATION Fieldbus-Present Condition and Issues
Kazuhiko Matsumoto
Fushiki Mill Nippon Paper Industries Co.,Ltd
FOUNDATION Fieldbus was announced as "one of the greatest technological innovation to the next generation". In Japan, FOUNDATION
Fieldbus Association was established in 1994, and standard application products have been released since 1996.
Numbers of industrial plants using the Fieldbus system started their operation in 1999, and also in Fushiki Mill, since "N-DIP modernize
construction" had been authorized in October 2000, we started to investigate the system. The investigation was on these three points:
1.Flexibility to extended industrial plants(=high leveled adaptation), 2.Product repletion(=PID control function built in Fieldbus products),
3.Integereation with DCS system(=possibility through engineering from DCS system). Then, technical training, designing, engineering, field
test, and all kinds of simulation had been enforced, and finally we have succeeded to operate the system in April 15th 2001. Now, I would like toreport the present condition and issues of "New Fieldbus System".

Development of the Fault Report System
Kazushi Nishiyama
Mitsubishi Paper Mills, Ltd
The Fault Report System was developed and introduced into the No.5 coater of the Hachinohe Mill in 1999. This system provides threeuseful tools. First tool is for making a matrix-type fault report from present fault data and second one is for making a similar report fromprevious fault data. Third tool is for analyzing fault data. Here we describe the purpose of introduction and the function of this system.

The Actual Results of Smart Valve Controller (ND800)
Yutaka Yokoyama
Oji Paper Co., Ltd.

A control valve is important device in operation. However, we could judge whether a valve was normal only by the result of the process value.
The automatic diagnostics system of the control valve by Intelligent Positioner was introduced in Matsumoto mill.
As for preventing the sudden trouble of the valve, of course we are expecting the reduction of the total cost in such cases as the reduction of
the maintenance cost.

Consideration of the Latest Technology for Drive Control
Michio Kawamura
Yaskawa Siemens Automation & Drives Corp.
Recently, the application area of the variable speed drives for the paper making plants are expanding and methods of application are changing
due to the rapid progress of inverter and servo technology.
On the other hand, the requirements toward the environment, such as correspondence to the low noise, the decrease of the electromagnetic
noise, repression of the harmonic electrical current, become severe.
As consideration of the latest technology for drive controls of Yaskawa Siemens Automation & Drives Corp., technology of synchronous drivewith MASTERDRIVES MC, technology of 3-level PWM control for environment harmonic control with VARISPEED G7 are mainly describedin this papers. HOLLOW SHAFT AC SERVO DRIVES and inverter mounted SIMODRIVE POSMO A DRIVES are briefly explained asadvanced drive technology.

Remote Type Smart Positioner to Oﬀer Solution in the ﬁeld− Smart Valve Positioner Remote Type AVP3000 Alphaplus −Minoru Fukuda
Valve ＆ Measurement Marketing Department，Yamatake Industrial Systems Co.,Ltd
Valve positioner in process control is required high reliability and the durability. Because that the operation gives direct inﬂuence in a process
and the control valve itself being put with severe environment condition. The Spread of Smart Positioner（Valve positioner which carried amicroprocessor in electro-pneumatic positioner) was hard compared with Transmitter and Electro-magnetic flow meter. Recentry Smart
Positioner becomes use much as a result of having acquired an experience, and Smart of Control valve progresses.
This report is introduces technology and feature of Remote type AVP3000 Alphaplus which was developed in order to solve a problem in thefield.

Test Methods of ISO Brightness and Color
Yoshio Yoshida
Material Analysis Center, R & D Div., Oji Paper Co., Ltd.
Pulp and Paper Testing Committee, JAPAN TAPPICurrently, there are two methods of brightness determination in JIS. One is JIS P 8123 (Testing method for brightness by Hunter of paper
and pulp) and one is JIS P 8148 (Paper, board and pulps−measurement of diﬀuse blue reﬂectance factor (ISO brightness)). JIS P 8123 wascommonly used in Japan but was not popular in the world. In order to globalize the standard, JIS P 8148:1993 was prepared based on ISO
2470:1977 and revised at 2001 to adapt ISO 2470:1999. It is important to popularize this method in the Japanese pulp and paper industry.
There is no method of color determination in P sector of JIS. At present, ISO 5631 (Paper and board−Determination of colour (C/2°)−
Diffuse reflectance method) is under translation to JIS by JAPAN TAPPI.
In this paper, the outline of JIS P 8148:2001 the determination of ISO brightness and ISO 5631 the determination of color are described.

Development of Super Water-absorbent from Cellulosic Materials (3)-Improvement of water absorbencyYuehua Xiao and Gyosuke Meshitsuka
Laboratory of Wood Chemistry, Department of Biomaterial Sciences,Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University ofTokyo

Water absorbents were prepared from bleached hardwood kraft pulp by carboxymethylation (CM-LBKP) and cross-linking with polyethylene
glycol diglycidyl ether having different chain length by two stages method. Water retention value reached up to as high as 670 g/g for deionizedwater, and 64 g/g for 0.9% saline solution (physiological saline). Higher D.S. of carboxymethyl group of LBKP was advantageous for a higher
water retention value, when D.S ? 1.42. Water retention value of cross-linked CM-LBKP decreased with the increase of the amount of boundcross-linking agent.
Key words: cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, super water-absorbent, cross-linking, water retention value.

2002 Apr JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL[Print]JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALVol. 56, No. 4
CONTENTS
Apr-02

Welcoming New Graduates
Topics & Information
A Laboratory Study of Damaged Wastepaper

Fumihiko Mukae...(1)What Papermakers Need to Know -Where to get Environmentally Approved, Quality Fibre-

Allan G. Jamieson...(7)Scale Deposit Problems and their Control in ECF Bleach Plants

Hirotaka Tanabe...(13)Advanced Spray Coating Technology -OptiSpray-

Vilho Nissinen and Hidehiko Yamazaki...(19)The Development of New High Speed Paper Machine Series

Akihito Nagano...(31)

Drainage of Forming Part -V. I. D. Formation System-

Kazunori Nagatomo...(41)

Application of DIA-BIOFRINGE to the Treatment of Paper Mill Wastewater
Hisao Murakami, Katsumi Sone and Yasuyuki Takagawa...(47)Introduction of EBARA Water and Heat Recycling Systems

Yuji Tsukamoto...(55)Conversion to ECF Bleaching-A Comparative Study with Focus on the First Bleaching
Stage Martin Ragnar, Marcelo Moreira Leite and(Translated)Michio Imai...(60)
Sectioning Techniques of Papers for Observation and Analysis by Using OM,

Tadahira Hamada...(69)

SEM and EPMA Sectioning Techniques for Optical Microscopy
Introduction of Research Laboratories (28)
Graduate Course of Geosystem Engineering/Program for Social Innovation,...(88)Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo
Research Report
Eﬀect of Blending Ratio of Amphoteric and Anionic Latex on Print Quality of Coated Paper
Yong-Kyu Lee, Kyu-Jae Park and Shigenori Kuga...(91)
Methodology to Use Flatbed Image Scanner for Formation Analysis of Paper
Toshiharu Enomae and Shigenori Kuga...(97)
Pulp and Paper Mills in Japan(12)-Niigata Mill, Hokuetsu Paper Mills, LTD.-Hokuetsu Paper Mills, LTD.

...(105)

Committee report...(03)

Essay on Intellectual Property...(87)

Coffee break...(90)

Papyrus...(114)

Industry News(Domestic and International)...(117)

List of Titles in Foreign Journals Received by JAPAN TAPPI...(128)

List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication...(131)

Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District...(140)Wholesale Price list of Papers at Tokyo Trade Center...(141)

Other Monthly Statistics...(143)

News from the Association...(145)

2002 Apr JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL[Print]JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALVol. 56, No. 4
April 2002 Abstracts

A Laboratory Study of Damaged Wastepaper
Fumihiko Mukae, Junta Egawa, Masanori Nikaido and Atsushi Yamasaki
LION Corporation
Wastepapers turn yellowish-colored and damaged when exposed to UV light and kept at high temperature during summer. When thedamaged wastepapers are used as raw material, the quality of recycled paper becomes remarkably inferior. Generally, paper mills try to suppress
the effect of damaged wastepapers to quality by increasing the amount of chemical used during process, especially increasing the amount ofhydrogen peroxide is quite common.
There are two possible factors for the quality deterioration by using these wastes.
a) Adhesion of ink to fiber: Ink removal efficiency becomes low.
b) Increase of fine inks: Ink collection efficiency becomes low.
In this presentation, the cause of damaged wastepaper deterioration and solutions for suppressing its effect to the quality of recycled paper are
discussed.

What Papermakers Need to Know
Where to get Environmentally Approved, Quality Fibre
Allan G. Jamieson
AOK Innovations Pty. Ltd.
It has been shown that the papermaking quality of wood supplied to an integrated ﬁne paper mill is of more economic importance to the millthan is the price paid for the wood. Papermakers, therefore, should take close interest in defining specific technical quality requirements forfibre raw material. It is now evident, though, that it is also necessary for the papermaker to ensure that the raw material has suitableenvironmental credentials, i.e., that it is obtained from a resource that is managed in a fully sustainable manner: Sustainable not only
ecologically but also in the context of economical viability and social desirability.
This paper examines two emerging man-made forest resources in Tasmania; "seedling" plantations and "seed" plantations (also called
regrowth forest). It is concluded that Tasmania can supply high quality pulpwood fibre possessing excellent environmental credentials.

Scale Deposit Problems and their Contorol in ECF Bleach Plants
Hirotaka Tanabe
Yokkaichi laboratory, Hakuto Co.,Ltd.
Technologies of kraft pulp bleaching have been greatly developed in recent years because of environmental consideration. New ways of
bleaching are ECF and TCF bleaching. ECF bleaching does not use both elemental chlorine and hypo chloride, and TCF bleaching does not use
chlorine compounds at all. In Europe and U.S, almost pulp plants have completed to change their bleaching ways to ECF or TCF. Many pulp
plants in Japan are also trying to change to ECF bleaching.
Basically, scale deposit problems often occur in bleaching plants. In order to apply ECF bleaching and to promote a closure of process water,
the tendency of scale problems in ECF bleaching comes to be one of the most important concerns.
In this report, we showed characteristics and control methods on calcium oxalate and barium sulfate scale which should be especiallyconsidered for ECF bleaching.

Advanced Spray Coating Technology- OptiSpray ?
Vilho Nissinen
Metso Paper, Inc., Finland
Hidehiko Yamazaki
Metso Paper KK

Over time we have seen a decrease in the trend of paper product prices. In recessionary times, low value products lose their proﬁt marginalquite easily. To achieve good profitability, the value of the product must increase while at the same time production costs decrease. The dreamof every papermaker is to produce a high-value product with economic raw materials while maintaining good runnability at high speeds.
The demand for lower impact in the paper coating process is well known, as are the diﬃculties in blade coating. Film transfer technology hastaken a big step in the right direction. The weaker base papers can be coated. Still there is heavy web contact with many dependencies andinteractions between coater and paper in the film transfer nip. The coat weight variations caused by unevenness of the base paper and changes
in the cross directional tensile profile over the coater are ready examples.
Thanks to ﬁlm transfer technology, the coated and improved newspaper grades are already available. With the help of an improved print
image, four-color newspaper printing will gradually attract the commercial advertising business. Even traditional newspapers will be four-color
printed on light-weight coated news grade, making them as attractive for product advertising as the newspaper inserts are today. Every cold-set
newspaper printing house is seeking business use for available day time hours.
Now, Metso Paper launched its new OptiSpray technology. The OptiSpray coating process is based on a controlled, high-pressure spray
application of coating or surface size directly onto the surface of the paper or board, without any direct machine contact. The coating issimultaneously sprayed at high speed on both sides of the paper web. OptiSpray achieves excellent coverage of the base paper.

The Development of New High Speed Paper Machine Series
Akihito Nagano
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, LTD, Paper & Printing Machinery Division
A new Mitsubishi high-speed paper machine development project has started in 1999 and concluded with product oﬀering to the market in
October 2001. The new product is known as MJ series and is designed to complement the current MH series Mitsubishi paper machines.
The goal of MJ series paper machine is to produce quality paper at 2000 m/min operation speed while being an operator friendly product.
The MJ series has been developed in the course of the intensive elementary study, program simulation, model test, and final verification on ourpilot paper machine in Mitsubishi R&D center of Mihara, Japan.
This paper presents the concept and features of the MJ series paper machine.

Drainage of Forming Part−V.I.D. Formation System−
Kazunori Nagatomo
Kobayashi Engineering Works, LTD.
Licenser AES Engineered Systems(U.S.A.)
Various types of gravity and vacuum augmented foils have been used as typical drainage equipment for conventional Fourdrinier machines.
In any type of drainage equipment, ﬁltration mat formed in the early stage of drainage is a limiting factor for the drainage eﬃciency in thelater stage. When we call this dewatering process as "filtration drainage", paper makers already have made the possible efforts to overcome thenegative effects of "filtration drainage". It seems that the efficiency of conventional drainage equipment has reached its limit.

This paper deal with a device, V.I.D. technology with its thickening drainage process, which has been developed to provide the solutions forvarious issues of conventional forming Application of DIA-BIOFRINGE to the Treatment of Paper Mill
Wastewater
Hisao Murakami and Katsumi SoneTOKAI PULP & PAPER CO.,LTD.
Yasuyuki Takagawa
MITSUBISHI KAKOKI KAISHA,LTD.
The DIA-BIOFRINGE, an aerobic bioﬁlm system which uses strings with ribbons ﬁxed to the metal frames and swaying in the water are usedas biofilm media, has many advantages such as no backwash operation required, quick startup, and flexibilities in reactor design.
TOKAI PULP & PAPER CO.,LTD. recently introduced the DIA-BIOFRINGE into their wastewater treatment plant to treat paper millwastewater. In the demonstration test carried out prior to its construction, a stable BOD removal have been obtained at the BOD backfill
volumetric loading of 1.5 kg-BOD/m3･day. Furthermore, it was conﬁrmed at the test that preliminary SS removal, usually necessary in ordinary
biofilm systems, are unnecessary. Thus, the introduction of the DIA-BIOFRINGE is proved to be very advantageous from the fact that thesystem is totally simplified and small investment in auxiliary units of the system.
technology. Examples of its ﬁeld applications are also given.

Introduction of EBARA Water and Heat Recycling Systems
Yuji Tsukamoto
Ebara Corporation , Environmental Engineering Group
Based on its long experience and advanced technology, EBARA CORPORATION has proposed and delivered mainly to the industry of foods
and drinks EBARA water and heat recycling systems which combine thorough on-site surveys with profound water and wastewater technology
and energy saving technology and take into consideration even the production lines. In these water and heat recycling systems, the wastewaterand the waste heat, which were used on a one-time use basis and discarded in the past, are regarded as "Renewable resources", that is, thesewastes are treated by the optimum renewal technology for reuse or cyclic use. This can not only reduce the loading on the environment but also
contribute to reducing the water and vapor to be used in the plant. The results have already been highly evaluated, and we started in the lastyear to propose these systems to the pulp and paper industry. At this opportunity, we would like to introduce our water and heat recycling
systems.

Conversion to ECF Bleaching−A Comparative Study with Focus on the First Bleaching Stage
Martin Ragnar
Kvaerner Pulping AB, Sweden
Marcelo Moreira Leite
Kvaerner do Brasil Ltda., Brazil(Translated) Michio Imai
Kvaerner Pulping KK
In the present paper, an investigation of some diﬀerent ECF bleaching sequence is presented, and the results compared. Special attention ispaid to the importance of the first bleaching stage after oxygen delignification, i.e. the so-called delignifying bleaching stage. Two different milloxygen-delignified HW kraft pulps were subjected to a number of different bleaching sequences. The first pulp was bleached according toD(EO)D, D*(EO)D, (ZD)(EO)D, Z(EO)D and after interpolation evaluated at 89% ISO brightness, and the second pulp according toD(EP)D, D*(EP)D, (ZD)(EP)D, A*ZD(EP)D and after interpolation evaluated at 87% ISO brightness. The "*" here denotes a treatment athigh temperature and log retention time. Both the use of D* and Z efficiently reduced the yellowing tendency of the pulps when compared tothe conventional D-based ECF sequences. Based on the laboratory trials, consumption figures were adjusted to reflect mill operating conditions
and the differences in operational costs between the different sequences were calculated. The sequences with D* were economically very
attractive, showing high savings in operational costs compared to the reference D(EO)D and D(EP)D sequences, especially when the target
brightness was somewhat higher, i.e. 89%. Considering the unit costs, the required investments needed for Z-based sequences were found to bedifficult to justify, especially when the target brightness is somewhat lower, e.g. 87% ISO.
Keywords
hardwood, Eucalyptus, ECF bleaching, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, ozone, hot acid treatment, hexenuronic acid, brightness reversion

Sectioning Technology of Papers for Observation and Analysis by Using OM, SEM and EPMA
(1)Sectioning Technology for Optical Microscopy
Tadahira Hamada
In order to obtain the information about inner structure of papers being concerned in production, development and printing of papers,
observation and analysis of paper sections by using OM, SEM and EPMA are very effective means.
In this paper, sectioning techniques for optical microscopy were descrived.
Many sectioning techniques have been developed to obtain sections without serious artifacts such as the damage of fine structure andbreakdown of section during sectioning and following preparations. In observation by opyical microscope, the specimens are desirable to be
sectioned as this as 1〜10μm in thickness, so embedding of specimen using plastics such as methacrylate resin, epoxy resin and so on before
sectioning is usually essential to prevent such artifacts.
Cross section which is cut at right angles to the plane of the paper is widely utilized to observe paper structure in thickness direction but it is
only representative of a minute portion of the specimen. To improve the disadvantage of cross sectioning, oblique and parallel sectioning wereintroduced.
The former is carried out by cutting at a small angle to the plane through the paper, the latter is carried out dividing the specimen to several
layers parallel to the plane of the paper. The information of wider area can be obtained by these procedures.

Effect of Blending Ratio of Amphoteric and Anionic Latex on Print Quality of Coated Paper
Yong-Kyu Lee and Kyu-Jae Park
Department of Paper Science & Engineering, College of Forestry Science, Kangwon National
University, Korea 200-701
Shigenori Kuga
Department of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
Eﬀectiveness of amphoteric latexes was studied to solve the problems of binder migration and uneven binder distribution in coating layers.
The addition of amphoteric latex was effective in improving rheological properties of coating color in alkaline region through strong interaction
with other coating components. As a result, coated papers made with amphoteric latex showed better printing qualities, such as paper gloss andsurface smoothness.
Keyword ：Amphoteric latex, Binder migration, Rheological property, Coated paper,Printing quality

Methodology to Use Flatbed Image Scanner for Formation Analysis of Paper
Toshiharu Enomae and Shigenori Kuga
Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences
The University of Tokyo
Abstract
Versatility of a desktop ﬂatbed image scanner with a transparency unit as an image input device for formation analyses is exhibited anddiscussed. Optical density of scanner output is defined as the logarithm of the ratio of gray level in full transmission with no material to that at agiven site (pixel) of a sample. Optical density of the scanner output under satisfied prerequisite conditions showed an excellent agreement withthat of Elrepho type reflectometer and the pre-calibrated values noted on a standard film though the proportional constant is reduced from 1
due to aged deterioration of the light source after 1 year, maintaining linearity. For stacked paper sheets, however, there remains distortion in
the output characteristics, that is, non-linearity even after the calibration. So, unlike Elrepho type, optical density squared is empirically almost
proportional to the basis weight of paper. In application, formation of handsheets loaded with calcium carbonate from softwood and hardwood
pulps at different retention times is quantitatively analyzed with the light transmission images obtained by the scanner. The formation index,
the standard deviation of optical density squared correlated better with the subjective ranking by 6 panelists than that of optical density or ofgray level. Optical density squared divided by the basis weight shows the highest Kendall's coefficient of correlation. In summary, the standard
deviation of gray level is found to lack in validity as a formation index except comparison between papers with close gray levels.

Keywords:Formation index, Gray level, Light transmission image, Optical density, Subjective ranking

2002 May JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL[Print]JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALVol. 56, No. 5
CONTENTS
May-02
Energy Saving
Techniques for Reducing the Environmental Load in Vehicle Transportation

Kenichi Shimizu...(3)-On the Hybrid Electric VehiclesEﬀorts to CO2 Reduction Made by Other Countries and Japan's Responses

Kenji Komaki...(13)Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems -Current Status and Prospects-

Koichi Sakuta...(25)

The Current Agreement and the Future Agenda on the Carbon Sink by COP7
Progress in Saving Energy Consumption in the Pulp and Paper Industry in Japan

Yoshiki Yamagata...(30)
Kunihiko Aida...(39)

Energy Saving by an Introduction of Inverter to Papermaking Process

Hiroji Kanuka...(52)The Energy Conservation Measure and The Industrial Waste Reduction

Yuji Takashima...(60)

Measure in DIPManufacture Process
Installation of Continuous Pre -coat Renewal for Lime Mud Filter -Kazushi Ueda...(66)

Saving Heavy Oil on the Lime Kiln SystemActivities of Energy Conservation in Power Plant

Shigeki Izumi...(71)

Energy Conservation for Medium Consistency(MC)Pumps in Kraft Pulp Line

Masayoshi Tsukano...(76)-Conversion Eﬀects into Energy Saving MC PumpsThe Energy Conservation with the Heat Pipes Finned Tube Heat Exchanger

Chiyonobu Sasaki...(81)-Recovering Exhaust Heat of Coating Machine DryerEnergy-Saving Technology and Examples at YONAGO N-1Paper Machine and N-1Coater

Ikuo Tsumori...(85)

Topics & Information
2001Research Projects of Universities and Government Research Institutes

Wood Science Committee, JAPAN TAPPI...(119)Research Report
Inﬂuence of Coating Pigment on Inkjet Printing Qualities
Yong-Kyu Lee, Kook-Hun An, Kwang-Seob Lee and Shigenori Kuga...(94)Elastic Bending Analysis for Plate of Single-Wall Corrugated Fiberboard

Satoru Matsushima and Shigeo Matsushima...(101)-On Rectangular Concentrated Uniform Distribution Load
Applied at Optional Position in Plate of Supporting EdgesPulp and Paper Mills in Japan-Shimada, Yokoi Mill, Tokai Pulp & Paper Co., Ltd.-Tokai Pulp & Paper Co., Ltd.
Committee report...(112)...(03)Coffee break...(93)Papyrus...(127)

Industry News(Domestic and International)...(129)

List of Titles in Foreign Journals Received by JAPAN TAPPI...(139)

List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication...(141)

Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District...(151)

Wholesale Price list of Papers at Tokyo Trade Center...(152)

Other Monthly Statistics...(154)

News from the Association...(156)

2002 May JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL[Print]JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALVol. 56, No. 5
May 2002 Abstracts

Techniques for Reducing the Environmental Load in Vehicle Transportation- On the Hybrid Electric Vehicles −Ken-ichi Shimizu
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
To reduce the global warming eﬀect, it is important to reduce the energy spent in transportation sector, especially spent by the vehicles．
Because, over 20% energy is spent in transportation sector, and more than 80% energy in transportation sector are spent by the vehicles．
Eﬀective way to improve the energy eﬃciency of the vehicle is to introduce the electric motors instead of the internal combustion engines．
Motor driven vehicles (or motor assisted vehicles) such as electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles (or fuel cell hybrid
vehicles) are expected to become widespread near future．
This paper describes current status of EV technologies and technical trends in hybrid vehicles / fuel cell vehicles．
Fuel cell vehicle has a lot of subjects to be solved before popularizing, for example, costs and life of cells, eﬃciency in actual driving
conditions, selection of fuel source, infrastructure for fuel supply and so on．On the contrary, hybrid electric vehicle will be most promising low
emission and high eﬃcient vehicles to be put into practical use near future．Various types and levels of hybridization may exist and will be
accepted corresponding to the variety in utilization．
Features of the HEVs on the market and prototype HEVs developed by the manufactures or developed in the governmental project are also
listed．These features lead to the fact that the fuel eﬃciency can be improved up to twice of one in conventional internal combustion engine
vehiclesʼ by hybridization．

Efforts to Co2 Reduction Made by Other Countries and Japan's Responses
Kenji Komaki
Office of International Strategy on Climate Change Global Environment Bureau Ministry of the Environment Government of Japan
Speciﬁc consequences for the Kyoto Protocol were adopted at the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP7)
held in Morocco from October to November 2001. This will lead to establishing sets of rules for the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol andpromote the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol in developed countries. Japan began full-scale preparations for the Kyoto Protocol, aiming at
ratification taking place in 2002 during the next Ordinary Diet session. We will aim to adjust or establish domestic structures for the ratificationof the Kyoto Protocol.
This report provides you for the outline of the Kyoto Protocol, the agreement by COP7, the considerations on domestic measures made byCentral Environment Council together with the report on other countries' situations.

Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems- Current Status and Prospects Koichi Sakuta
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
The total amount of solar energy we are receiving from the sun is about 10,000 times as much as we are consuming now. As a typical
distributed energy source, solar energy is one of the most promising clean and renewable energy for the mankind in the future. Especially, solar
photovoltaic power generation systems, which convert solar energy directly into electricity, are attracting many ones attention because of its
simplicity and wide field of applications.
After a long period of R&D and various kinds of governmental supporting programs, the cost of photovoltaic systems are reduced
significantly, the conversion efficiency is improved and the large scale commercialization has just started. The present status, as well as the
future prospects, of R&D and introduction of photovoltaic systems are described.

The Current Agreement and the Future Agenda on the Carbon Sink by COP7
Yoshiki Yamagata
National Institute for Environmental StudyAt the COP7 of the UNFCCC, international agreement was reached on the rules for implementing the carbon sink related article of the
Kyoto Protocol. Especially difficult was the forest management under the article 3.4 as additional human induced activities. This paper
summarizes the agreed rules for counting the sink activities and discuses the future agenda need to be negotiated.

Progress in Saving Energy Consumption in the Pulp and Paper Industry in Japan
Kunihiko Aida
Japan Paper Association
The Japan Paper Association (JPA) has been actively working to save energy since 1997 when it established its "Voluntary Action Plan on
Environmental Issues". JPA declared its policy of restraining CO2 emissions as one of the actions: By 2010, reduce the unit of purchased energy
for paper products by 10% from that of 1990 level.
JPA has been following through on activities in saving energies from ﬁscal 1998-1990 as a basic period, and has been making its results public
every year. For the convenience of complying data, targets were changed from the calendar year to the fiscal year midway. The following are theresults for fiscal 2000:
Unit of purchased energy in ﬁscal 2000 was smoothly reduced by 7.2% from the level in 1990. However, the reduction in a unit of CO2
emissions remained 4.9% because cost competitive coals have been largely used.
Paper and paperboard production increased by 13.1% in ﬁscal 2000 compared to that of 1990 level, whereas, increase in CO2 emissions
remained at 7.6% from the 1990 level. A breakdown of the 5.5% reduction from 13.1% to 7.6% shows that the pulp and paper industry
decreased by 4.2% and electric companies contribute to reducing the remaining 1.3% (from effective generating and transmission electricity).
According to 29 companies that replied to our questionnaires, a total of 23.1 billion yen was invested in energy saving measures for ﬁscal
2000 and the crude oil equivalent of energy saved reached 176 thousand kiloliters per year. As far as the estimation from 27 companies, 93.0
billion yen will be invested and 4,884 thousand kiloliters per year will be saved from 2000 onwards.

Energy Saving by an Introduction of Inverter to Papermaking Process
Hiroji Kanuka
Hachinohe Mill,Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd.
Mitsubishi Paper Mills have been paying an extensive eﬀort to reduce the burden to the environment respecting its own Environmental
Charter instituted in 1993. Mitsubishi Paper Millsʼ Target for the reduction of CO2 emission is to achieve the 20% reduction from the emission
volume in 1999 until 2005. As the CO2 emission volume of Hachinohe Mill constitute 70% of the total emission by Mitsubishi Paper Mills,
reduction of CO2 emission in Hachinohe Mill is of the highest priority.
Aiming the continuous reduction of energy consumption, Hachinohe Mill started the investment for the "Measures to reduce purchase energy
per unit production" in year 2000.
This paper reports the results of our ﬁrst step investment to reduce about 1,000 kW electricity consumption mainly by an introduction of 80
units inverters to the papermaking process.
Results of the introduction of the generator using the steam from the accumulator of digester as the second step investment and the otheractivity regarding the energy saving are also reported.

The Energy Conservation Measure and The Industrial Waste Reduction Measure in DIP Manufacture Process
Yuji Takashima
Chuetsu Pulp and Paper Co. Ltd.
At the Futatuka factory of the Chuetsu Pulp Industry Co., LTD., 170,000 tons of newspaper papers are produced yearly as the main product.
As its main raw materials TMP and DIP are being produced. In response to the global environmental problem , as well as the recycling
campaign, we have been promoting the use of DIP, of which the consumption of energy is low and which is gentle to the earthʼs environment.
Furthermore, in order to develop this feature, we have been promoting energy saving and the measure against industrial waste at the initialstage of the used paper pulpering process. There, we are aiming at improvement in processing efficiency, the measure to reduce the volume ofsteam for warming, as well as the fiber yield.

Installation of Continuous Pre-coat Renewal for Lime Mud Filter− Saving Heavy Oil on the Lime Kiln System −Kazushi Ueda
Asahikawa Mill, Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd.
The No1 and No2 Lime Mud ﬁlters of Asahikawa Mill started in 1960 and 1972 respectively. To release plugged ﬁlter, accumulated lime mudhave been blown off using blower machine so as to renew pre-coat layer periodically.
Air blowing is not completely eﬃcient so hydrochloric-washing work is necessary for these ﬁlters. Furthermore, the moisture of sludge
fluctuates, and rotary kilns are thrown into unstable operation, therefore consumption of heavy oil tends to increase. After installing CPR(Continuous Pre-coat Renewal), lime mud feed is stabilized and pre-coat blow-off is avoided.
This paper describes results on saving heavy oil achieved from the installation of CPR system.

Activities of Energy Conservation in Power Plant
Shigeki Izumi
Tomakomai mill. Oji Papar Co.,Ltd.
Tomakomai mill thermal power station consists of seven boilers and 13 turbines and can provide you with all of mill electricity demand by self
generation including hydraulic power generation.In a boiler plant, the thing which passed increased the above than operation for 25 years and I
took into account the present driving results and did a review and did update to a reasonable fan more in turn since 1997. In addition, you
should have promoted saving energy more and carried out a start stop in theweekend of a boiler turbine. I introduce the details to the following.

Energy Conservation for Medium Consistency (MC) Pumps in Kraft Pulp Line−Conversion Eﬀects into Energy Saving MC Pumps−
Masayoshi Tsukano
Niigata Mill, Hokuetsu Paper Mills Ltd.
Hokuetsu Paper Niigata Mill, that started up the ﬁrst full-scale ECF bleaching plant in Japanese pulp and paper industry, intends to achieve
minimum impact mill due to concerning coexistence with the local community and environmental aspects. This time, we are planning tostrengthen a capacity of Medium Consistency (MC) pumps in order to increase a part of the fiber line. However, MC pumps consume most of
all electric power in the fiber line because they are running on large-scale and high-voltage motors. We are going to convert MC pumps into
energy conservation types in the middle of December 2001. We believe that the new pumps are expected to make great impacts for the energy
consumption rate and cost cut. The conversion plan is still in process; therefore the backgrounds of the conversion MC pumps and theestimation of the amount of saving electric power are reported.

The Energy Conservation with the Heat Pipes Finned Tube Heat Exchanger−Recovering Exhaust Heat of Coating Machine Dryer−
Chiyonobu Sasaki
Nakoso Mill, Nippon Paper Industries Co.,Ltd
Nakoso Mill in the southernmost point of Fukushima lies to Iwaki City on about two hours from the metropolitan circle. This mill is a medium
scale factory in Nippon Paper Industries Co.,Ltd, it owns one paper machine and five coating machines.
The energy situation of this mill producing in the information papers results an annual power consumption 79,298 MWh ( on private electric
generation 66,623 MWh ), generation of steam 66,623 MWh ( heavy oil consumption 36,200 kL ) from February, 2000 to February, 2001. Theenergy intensity doesnʼt show remarkable improvement in spite of many energy-saving projects, because of increase of energy consumption by
investment in plant and equipment in order to cope with more and more variety of products to supply user needs. This mill has been tackled for
attainment of the target of energy conservation in whole this company ( 10 % reduction of energy consumption per unit products based on
1990 levels to 2010 ). This paper reports on recovering exhaust heat of coating machine dryer, has been planned for energy-saving measures of
coating machine occupied the majority of steam consumption.

Energy-Saving Technology and Examples at YONAGO N-1 Paper Machine and N-1Coater
Ikuo Tsumori
OJI Engineering Co., Ltd

N-1 Paper machine and N-1Coater at YONAGO mill,OJI Paper,has been in operation since September1997.The new line has the capacity of
700tpd of woodfree coated paper. The paper machine and the coater incorporated the state of the new technology, such as double shoe press inthe paper machine, and Janus calender in the coater, to achieve high productivity and high quality of paper. This article introduces someexamples of energy-saving technology at the paper machine and the coater .

Elastic Bending Analysis for Plate of Single-Wall Corrugated Fiberboard-On Rectangular Concentrated Uniform Distribution Load Applied at
Optional Position in Plate of Supporting Edges-Satoru Matsshima
Guest Professor, Research Center of District Corpration, Ehime University
Shigeo Matsushima
Professor Emeritus, Ehime University
An elastic analysis of stress and deformation was attempted for the anisotropic plate of the single-wall corrugated ﬁberboard (SWCF)
supported by four edges under the uniform concentrated rectangular distribution load p0 applied in the optional range of the plate.
Distributions of stresses and deflections etc. on the outer surface of jute liner (JL) of the SWCF plate obtained by this analysis were discussed,
and these characters were done obviously. Obtained results are as follows.
Large values of deﬂection and normal stresses (in machine and cross directions) on the JL sur-face of the SWCF plate concentrate
remarkably in the loading range and are zero in plate edges.
The value of its deﬂection increases with the increase of the distances from the loading center to the four edges. The maximum value of thedeflection is near the center of the loading distribution,and increases with increases of four distances from the its load center to the four edges.
And maximum values of normal stresses are at the loading center, and increase with the increase of the loading concentration. The maximum
value of supporting forces in edges is at the shortest position from the center of the distribution loading. Large absolute value of shear stress on
the JL sur-face concentrates remarkably near the loading range, and this stress near the loading center dis-tributes antisymmetically to its
center.
Key Words: Computational Mechanics, Structure Analysis, Elastic Bending, Strength of Corrugated Fiberboard, Elastic Stress Analysis,
Structure Strength, Numerical Analysis-Influence of Coating Pigment on Inkjet Printing QualitiesYong-Kyu Lee, Kook-Hun An, Kwang-Seob Lee
Department of Paper Science & Engineering, College of Forestry Science, Kangwon National University,
Shigenori Kuga
Department of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
Characteristics of inkjet-grade paper coating were evaluated by applying various coating layers on a plastic substrate instead of paper. Thepoly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film had to be hydrophilized by precoating. Precoating with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was found effective
for this purpose, but resulted in crack formation after the main coating. This problem could be avoided by adding optimized amount of clay tothe precoating color. Four types of silica gel, a plate-shaped aluminum hydroxide, and a plate-shaped clay were tested as main coating pigment,with PVA as binder. The latter two pigments gave poor inkjet print qualities due to slow absorption of ink leading to significant dot gain andmottling. On the other hand, silica gel pigments generally gave satisfactory print quality, but it showed certain variation with the type of
pigment. The time dependence of water contact angle against various coated layers showed correlations with dot shape and optical properties ininkjet printing.
Keyword：inkjet paper, pigment coating, silica gel, contact angle, water absorption，dot area

2002 Jun JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL[Print]JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALVol. 56, No. 6
CONTENTS
Jun-02

Topics & Information
The Latest Demands for Waste Paper Treatment Technologies

Takeshi Kanazawa...(1)-Improvement of Recycling Fiber Characteristics, Appearance Quality,
Further Energy Saving and Ash Removal to use Low Price FurnishImproved Bleaching by Means of Fractional Washing with MCDD Washers
Tamio Fukuzawa, Kanji Hagiwara and Chiaki Kawakami...(11)Optimization and Control of Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching

Bertil Olsson...(21)Paper Strength Agents for Paper Board

Yuichi Hayashida...(27)-The Eﬀect of Paper Strength Agents in the Highly-Closed SystemEmbedded Control Solutions -A New Approach to Paper Machine Controls

Hideomi Uchikawa and Jiro Isobe...(35)That Improves Process Performance and Product QualityApplications of Robot Technology to the Paper Making Industry

Koichi Kato...(40)

New Development of QCS Integrated with Machine Monitoring System

Reijiro Nakano ...(48)Development of Automatic Watermark Drawing with Computer Systems
Kimio Hiyoshi, Katsumi Takada, Toshiyuki Onoda, Katumi Kuboshima, Hiroshi Haneda and Masamichi Toyofuku...(56)The Maintenance Management System"eHOZEN"

Masami Tabuse...(64)

New Technology for Slimecontrol

Takumi Sugi and Taro Iizumi...(69)

FMT-IJ：Marketable Composite of Calcium Carbonate and Silica Directed for the Inkjet Industry

Hirotaka Uchiyama...(74)

Present Status and Prospect of Pulp and Paper Industries in Thailand(Part1)

Yoshinari Kobayashi...(78)-Structural Framework and Activities of Pulp and Paper Companies in ThailandSectioning Techniques of Paper for Observation and Analysis by Using OM, SEM and EPMA

Tadahira Hamada...(85)

Sectioning Techniques for Scanning Electron Microscopy and Electron Probe Microanalysis
Introduction of Research Laboratories
Laboratory of Functionality Control of Phytomaterials, Division of Forest Resources and the...(100)

Environment, Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Mie University
Research Report
Changes in Crystallinity and Re-swelling Capability of Pulp Fibers by Recycling Treatment
Khantayanuwong Somwang, Toshiharu Enomae, Akira Isogai and Fumihiko Onabe...(103)
Retention Aid Chemicals for High Speed Paper Machines
Yasuyuki Kamijo and Takanori Miyanishi...(110)
Pulp and Paper Mills in Japan -Geibo Mill, Japan Paperboard Industries Co., Ltd.

...(120)

Committee report...(03)

Essay on Intellectual Property...(99)Coffee break...(102)

Papyrus...(126)

Industry News(Domestic and International)...(129)

List of Titles in Foreign Journals Received by JAPAN TAPPI...(140)

List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication...(143)

Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District...(155)

Wholesale Price list of Papers at Tokyo Trade Center...(156)

Other Monthly Statistics...(158)

News from the Association...(160)

2002 Jun JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL[Print]JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALVol. 56, No. 6
June 2002 Abstracts

The Latest Demands for Waste Paper Treatment Technologies
Improvement of Recycling Fiber Characteristics, Appearance Quality, Further Energy Saving and Ash Removal to use Low Price Furnish
Takeshi Kanazawa
Aikawa Iron Works Co., Ltd.
According to increase of recycling rate of waste paper as a raw material of paper and paper board production, various technical problems havebeen discussed. The latest demands relating to waste paper treatment technologies are focused in this paper, and the typical new technologies
and its relating equipment for "Improvement of Recycling Fiber Characteristics and Appearance Quality" "Further Energy Saving" and "AshRemoval to use Low Price Furnish" are reported.

Improved Bleaching by Means of Fractional
Washing with MCDD Washers
Tamio Fukuzawa, Kanji Hagiwara and Chiaki Kawakami
Andritz K. K.
In2001, two large ﬁberline projects with a capacity of2000ADMT/D were started up in Scandinavia. These ﬁberline projects employed only
MCDD Washers as washing equipment from the screen room through the ECF bleach system.
DD Washers enable the ﬁberline to implement highly eﬀective fractional washing throughout the whole brownstock wash and bleach process.
The DD washer can divide the filtrate into dirtier and cleaner filtrates. The primary filtrate from the DD washer contains more COD andtransition metals. The secondary filtrate contains less COD and less dry solids. By means of fractional washing and filtrate circulation withprimary and secondary filtrates, the organic and inorganic substance profiles in the fiberline process can be maintained at a lower level. Unlike
the high consistency pulping process, the processes with MCDD washers operate in the medium consistency between the washing stage and thereactors. Therefore, filtrates are not required to recycle back for pulp dilution before the reactors, which prevents inorganic and organic
substance build-up during the process. Due to fractional washing and MC pulping process with MCDD washers, bleaching chemicals can besaved and the risk of scale problems can be minimized.

Optimization and Control of Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching
Bertil Olsson
BTG Pulp & Paper Sensors ABHydrogen peroxide bleaching is nowadays used not only for mechanical pulp but also for chemical pulp indelignifying OP- or PO-stages (the notification depends of if oxygen or peroxide is the dominating one).
The method discussed in this paper is primarily developed for bleaching of mechanical pulp, but is in principal applicable also for bleachingof chemical pulp.
If the bleaching is carefully optimized with respect to total alkali, the brightness will be dependent on the peroxide consumption.
The peroxide consumption is basically a function of pulp consistency and reaction time during bleaching. Mathematical models developed by
Dr. Moldenius for hydrogen peroxide can be used for both one- and two-stage bleach plants.
In both cases a system with recycling of residual peroxide is used and compensating the ﬂow of fresh peroxide to obtain a constant feed into
the bleach tower.
This requires an accurate measurement of the total amount of residual peroxide going back to the input of the bleaching tower.For thispurpose, the analyzer RPA-5000 is used. The function of this analyzer will be presented in the beginning of this paper.

Paper Strength Agents for Paper Board The Effect of Paper Strength Agents in the Highly-Closed System
Yuichi Hayashida
Research & Development Division, Harima Chemicals, Inc.

Recent paper industry makes every eﬀort to improve the productivity and toreducethe environmental loading by using new paper machines
and waste paper as raw materials and recycling the water used for the papermaking system.
However such a situation causes the rising of the electric conductivity, which makes it diﬃcult to get the eﬀective performance for paper
strength agents.
In this paper, we report that the eﬀect of various dry strength agents which can demonstrate eﬀectively in such a worse condition.
Keywords ; paper strength agent , paper board , highly-closed system

Embedded Control Solutions
A New Approach To Paper Machine Controls That Improves Process Performance and Product Quality
Hideomi Uchikawa and Jiro Isobe
Voith Paper Automation Japan Ltd.
QCS (Quality Control System) and CD actuator suppliers have been focused on providing solutions for the existing paper machine market
for the last 30 years. These systems have proved to be highly effective at reducing MD and CD variations, resulting in significant increases in
production, savings in raw material and energy, and improvements in sheet quality. Almost all paper machines are now equipped with QCS and
CD actuator systems. A closer examination of QCS and CD actuator systems reveals their past and present limitations.

Applications of Robot Technology to the Paper Making Industry
Koichi Kato
Marol Co., Ltd.
Marol Co., Ltd.; well known for the manufacturer of Marol Brand hydraulic steering systems, auto-pilot and engine remote control systems
for marine use, also designs and manufactures special purpose robots for industrial use. The company introduces three of their custom
applications for the paper making industry.
① Palletizing Robot for Handling Carbon-less Duplicating Paper Rolls
This was developed to grip the outside of the roll efficiently without any transference and to handle rolls of different sizes and weights at
random.
② Custom Designed Automatic Grinder/Cleaner for Backing Roll of Existing CoaterThis was developed to clean the surface and remove scratches from Backing Roll. The device can be operated during operation and the surfaceof the roll can be kept clean as required. The device has functional flexibility so it can be operated under various conditions.
③ Custom Designed Automatic Grinder/Cleaner for Heat Roll of Existing Soft Calendar
Researching various materials led to the development of this grinder that can withstand heat and grind the roll to remove contaminant andfinish the roll to the required surface roughness. The device can be operated during operation and the surface of the roll can be kept clean as
required. The device has functional flexibility so it can be operated under various conditions.

New Development of QCS Integrated with Machine Monitoring System
Nakano Reijiro
Sales Development Dept. Honeywell K.K.
To remain proﬁtable, todayʼs papermakers must increase their machine speed and eﬃciency, while maintaining a high-quality and uniform
product. Often times, however, faster speeds result in more frequent web breaks and also in more short-term quality variations. The HoneywellMeasurex TMMS (Total Machine Monitoring System) Product Quality Monitoring application module uses parallel processing to continuously
and simultaneously measure the machine direction sheet quality variations from the product scanner. And WMS (Web Monitoring System)
includes a set of high-speed video cameras positioned along the machine to continuously monitor the web.
Typically rotating components such as fan pumps, screens, Calender rolls, Press rolls and felts causes paper quality short-term variations.
Feedback from TMMS is used to increase machine runnability and efficiency by providing information required for decisions to adjust felts,
change press loadings, and remove, repair or grind rolls, and adjust stock approach components. With the resulting set of high-resolution
pictures of the web break from WMS, operators can focus on the specific problems which cause web break, and then make the necessarychanges in machine operation to optimize paper machine performance and efficiency.
The Honeywell-Measurex new QCS (Da Vinci) successfully integrated with TMMS and WMS will supply new features of total machinediagnostics as well as CD and MD quality controls to keep maximum efficiency of the paper machine.

Development of Automatic Watermark Drawing with Computer Systems
Kimio Hiyoshi and Katsumi Takada
Fuji Industrial Research Institute of Shizuoka Prefecture
Toshiyuki Onoda
Sanokikai Co., Ltd.
Katumi Kuboshima , Hiroshi Haneda and Masamichi Toyofuku
Specialists Community in Shizuoka
We previously reported that we had drawn directly watermark on cylinder paper machines. But the following problems were arisen ．
・It is diﬃcult to remove the drawing materials that were seeped into the inside of cylinder paper machines．
・The watermark was removed by organic solvent．
・There is big risk if we draw watermark on cylinder paper machine．
Therefore，we investigated watermark that the method of drawing on transfer paper．
The following results were arisen．
・The new system is more simple than that of last year．
・It is possible to control the line of watermark by the velocity of drawing and the shape of the pen.
・The watermark of transfer paper is transcribed to the cylinder paper machine by the ﬂatiron ．
・New removal liquid of watermark was invented．
・The removal liquid is aqueous solution and doesn't harm for our health．
We were able to use the cylinder cover of the watermark repeatedly．

The Maintenance Management System "eHOZEN"
Masami Tabuse
Yokogawa Electric Corpolation
The package software eHOZEN had been developed to support the plant maintenance work for production plants and equipments. The plantmaintenance management system manages various informations such as the equipment database that defines equipment specifications and also
the historical database that includes maintenance and fault information. The plant maintenance management system requires to support
reliable maintenance management information and to improve maintenance performance and maintenance technologies. Yokogawa Electric
Corporation and System Plaza Inc. developed the new product "eHOZEN" that was redesigned the functionalities from the old version of
Client/Server configured plant maintenance management system and added the Web capabilities. This paper shows the features and functionsof new "eHOZEN" and includes examples of performance improvement process of maintenance management work by applying the plantmaintenance information management system.

New Technology for Slimecontrol
Takumi Sugi and Taro Iizumi
Kurita Water Industries Ltd.
The trend in paper making to use more recycled ﬁber in the furnish, maintain the pH of papermachine at neutral, reduce fresh water
consumption. These changes accelerate the slime problems in the paper making propcess. Under these circumstances, new technologies for
slime control were developed.
New inorganic slime control agent is more eﬀective than the organic agent like DBNPA. New monitorng tool and the identiﬁcation methodof microorganisms used DNA are developed to optimize the slime cntrol program in paper mill.
These techniques ensure that the greatest slime control eﬀect is achieved at minimum cost.

FMT-IJ: Marketable Composite of Calcium Carbonate and Silica Directed for the Inkjet Industry.
Uchiyama Hirotaka
Fimatec, Ltd.
Inkjet printers are widely used in the world today because of the ease of printing in full color. With the increasing ability of everyone to accessthe Internet, use digital cameras, etc… The demand for inkjet printers is on the rise.

To achieve good color print quality, ﬁne quality inkjet paper is a necessity. Presently, inkjet paper is commonly coated with silica. Silicaʼscharacteristics include: high brightness, good ink absorption, and good color appearance. On the other hand, the disadvantages include 1)
difficulty to produce the coating with a high solid content percent slurry and 2) the difficulty in handling of the raw material. Accordingly, thedisadvantages of using silica result in increased costs.
To solve these problems, FIMATEC has developed an improved wet ground calcium carbonate (WGCC). This improved WGCC has a higher
brightness, lower viscosity, higher solid concentration and good cost performance.
FIMATEC has optimized the improved WGCCʼs particle size distribution and modiﬁed its surface with speciﬁc cationic polymers to achieve
better inkjet printability.
FIMATEC has incorporated both the improved WGCC and silica to produce FMT-IJ. FMT-IJ has the beneﬁcial characteristics of both GCC
and silica, therefore leading to higher brightness, higher solid concentration, lower viscosity and good color appearance. Additionally, FMT-IJ isalso advantageous in that it requires less binder than the counterpart silica slurry.

Present Status and Prospect of Pulp and Paper Industries in Thailand Structural Framework and Activities of Pulp and Paper Companies inThailand (Part 1)
Yoshinari Kobayashi
Dr. Kobayashi Engineering Consultant Office
In the past two decades since my ﬁrst stay in Thailand in the 70s, the structure and raw materials of pulp and paper industries in this country
have drastically changed. In the 70-80s the Thai industries were based on non-woods, i.e., sugarcane bagasse, bamboo, kenaf and rice straw.
After the high economic growth period in the late 80s, the industries were converted into eucalyptus-based modernized ones. The overall paper
production capacity was annually 3.65million tons and the consumption amount was around 2 million tons, which indicated that the country
intended paper export orientation. Once the industries were mainly occupied by subsidiary companies of Siam Cement Conglomerate, but newcomers, such as Phoenix Pulp and Paper Co., Indian-technologically-assisted company, and Advance Agro Co. belonging to Soon Hua Seng
Conglomerate have entered in these industries in the late 80s and early 90s. Japanese paper companies which established mills in Thailand werealso described.

Sectioning Techniques of Paper for Observation and Analysis by Using OM, SEM and EPMA
(2)Sectioning Techniques for Scanning Electron Microscopy and Electron Probe Microanalysis
Tadahira Hamada
In previous paper, sectioning techniques for optical microscopy were described .In this paper, sectioning techniques for SEM and EPMA
were described and a new preparation technique for paper cross section using a focused ion beam(FIB) was also demonstrated. Several
embedding methods using epoxy resin, methacrylate resin and so on are very effective to obtain very thin sections and to prevent creation of
artifacts in optical microscopy. But the resin embedded sections reduce the contrast of the image and then distinct micrographs can not be
obtained in scanning electron microscopy.
Further more, for observation and analysis by SEM and EPMA, it is not necessary to make a thin section, but to make a bulky section without
damage of fine structure.
Instead of embedding the specimen before sectioning by microtome, a procedure in which the specimen is held between two plastics ﬁlms
such as polyvinyl chloride was applied and satisfactory results were obtained at comparative low magniﬁcations (△10,000×) for various papers
except thin and porous specimen such as tissue paper.
Recently, a focused ion beam (FBI) technique which has been used for ﬁne processing of semiconductor or metal was applied as an improved
method for sectioning papers. By this technique smooth and damageless cross sections of various papers could successfully be prepared.

Changes in Crystallinity and Re-swelling Capability of Pulp Fibers by Recycling Treatment
Khantayanuwong Somwang*, Toshiharu Enomae, Akira Isogai, and Fumihiko Onabe
Paper Science Laboratory, Department of Biomaterial Sciences,Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo,
Japan*Present address: Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand

An integrated technique was purposed for clarifying changes in amounts of amorphous and crystalline regions of ﬁbers as well as for
estimating possibility of their irreversible conversion due to recycling treatment. The crystallinity of fibers in handsheets was moderatelychanged by the recycling treatment as observed by X-ray diffractometry. Because major part of fibers consisting of the stable crystalline region
which was hardly affected by the recycling treatment, the change in crystallinity possibly stemmed from a slight increase in crystallinity ofamorphous region of fibers during recycling. The decrease in the amount of the amorphous region by the recycling treatment, which affects thewater adsorbability of fibers, was indirectly detected by differential scanning calorimetry. Because of the lack of re-opening of recycled fiber
lumens in a wet state, the amount of bound water adsorbed to fiber wall substantially influenced the re-swelling capability of recycled fibers.
The loss in re-swelling capability of wet recycled fibers was consistent with sub-morphological changes of fiber wall possibly due to the decreasein the amount of the amorphous region. In this study, FT-Raman spectroscopy could not detect the effect of recycling treatment on changes inamounts of amorphous and crystalline regions of fibers.
Keywords: Amorphous region, Crystallinity, Recycling treatment, Re-swelling capability

Retention Aid Chemicals for High Speed Paper Machines
Yasuyuki Kamijo and Takanori Miyanishi
Pulp & Paper Research Laboratory, Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd.
Reﬂocculation and drainage abilities of dual component retention systems, which consisted of coagulant and ﬂocculant, were studied with the
Photometric Dispersion Analyzer (PDA) and the Dynamic Drainage Analyzer (DDA). The dual component retention system was found to besuperior to single polymer systems in both abilities. It was postulated that the coagulant blocked the adsorption site of the flocculant on the fiber
surface and prevented the reconformation of the flocculant chains onto the fiber surface under the high shear turbulence. The shorter the
addition interval between coagulant and flocculant, the higher the effectiveness of the dual component retention system. In addition the dual
component retention system improved the paper properties. The sheet permeability increased with a decrease of drainage time.
Keywords：Dual component retention system, Coagulant, Flocculant, Reﬂocculation, "Site-blocking" eﬀect2002 Jul JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL[Print]JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALVol. 56, No. 7
CONTENTS
Jul-02

Pulp
Outline of Pulp Manufacturing Technology

Makoto Iwasaki...(3)The General Technology for Recycled Pulp

Yoichiro Isono...(19)Waste Paper Recycling

Yuichi Irinatsu...(30)

Foundation of Recycled Pulp Bleaching Technology

Tetsuo Koshitsuka...(39)For Expanding Use of Recycled Magazine Paper

Shigeru Yatsugi...(52)-The Development of the Suitable Hot Melt Adhesives for Paper RecyclingThe Eﬀects of Recycling on Pulp and Paper Properties

Takayuki Okayama...(62)

Study of Deinking from the Point of View of"It is a Separation-Intensive Technology"

Takeshi Kanazawa...(69)

The Trend Japan has been Towards a Greater Use of Deinked Fiber for Producing Graphic Paper

Masakazu Eguchi...(90)

Present Status of Paper Recycling and Future Subjects

Noboru Takeshita...(98)Technical Report
The LCI Calculation Method for LCA of Pulp and Paper Products

Shinji Nakayama and Tokiya Yaguchi...(111)

Research Report
An Application of the X-ray Fluorescence Method to Quantiﬁcation of Ink
Printed on Paper Surfaces
Hitomi Hamada, Toshiharu Enomae, Masato Kato and Fumihiko Onabe...(123)
Pulp and Paper Mills in Japan
Tohoku Paper Co., Ltd.

...(130)

Committee report...(03)Coffee break...(110)

Papyrus...(136)

Industry News(Domestic and International)...(138)

List of Titles in Foreign Journals Received by JAPAN TAPPI...(149)

List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication...(151)

Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District...(160)

Wholesale Price list of Papers at Tokyo Trade Center...(161)

Other Monthly Statistics...(163)

News from the Association...(165)

2002 Jul JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL[Print]JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALVol. 56, No. 7
July 2002 Abstracts

Outline of pulp manufacturing technology
Makoto Iwasaki
Oji Paper Co., Ltd，Pulp & Paper Research Laboratory
This paper is consisted by four parts. In the ﬁrst part, outline of the change in raw material used for paper in Japan was described. In thesecond part, pulp manufacturing processes such as kraft pulp(KP), mechanical pulp(MP) and deinked pulp(DIP) were briefly introduced interms of their histories, pulp qualities, flow-sheets and changes of annual production rate. In the third part, the four recent topics of pulp
manufacturing technology in Japan were introduced. Such topics were included with AQ added KP cooking, two stages O2 bleaching of KP,
deinking process change corresponded to newspaper printing system change from letter-press to off-set, and improvement of DIP brightness
from about 50% to 70%+ were introduced. In the final part, the recycling technologies in pulp manufacture both for KP and DIP would be
believed more important in the future more than past.

The General Technology for Recycled Pulp
Yoichiro Isono
Daishowa Paper Mfg. Co., Ltd.，Senior Manager / Production Management Dept.
In order to protect global environment , save natural resources , recycled pulp has been expanded rapidly in recent years.
The recovered paper utilization rate 56% target in ﬁscal year 2000 was achieved the two years ago. It is expected to be decided that a new
utilization rate target was set up to be 60% in fiscal year 2005 by the Japan Paper Association.
Recently some new technologies for deinked pulp have developed in some ﬁelds. These new technologies will be able to achieve the newtarget.

Waste paper recycling
Yuichi Irinatsu
Kao Corporation，Performance Chemicals Research Laboratories
Pulp and paper industry is aiming to raise the percentage of waste paper recycling to 60% by 2005 and makes eﬀorts to reach this target.
Under these circumstances, developed deinking technology is severely required. The deinking is indeed one of the process industries and ismainly consisted of ink releasing and ink rejecting. To control the ink particle size in each process is very important in order to obtain the good
deinked pulp. For example, in the ink rejecting process, more than 95% of larger ink particles than 4 um is easily rejected by the flotation cells.
This means smaller ink particles than 4 um are hardly rejected. Residual small inks make the deinked pulp grayer and result in poor printability.
Coagulation of the small ink particles decides the deinkability in flotation. On the other hand, ink releasing relates to the penetration of thechemistry into the waste papers. Therefore, the phenomena in each deinking process can be understood by surface science and the deinking
agent controls these phenomena.
To achieve the above-mentioned target, lower grade waste papers, such as old magazines, which have not been used as a furnish will bedeinked and for these waste paper deinking, developed deinking agents which have better ink releasing and sticky removing abilities will beneeded. Based on surface science, we have developed the new deinking agent whose ink releasing ability is improved 20%. The special
surfactant has been also developed to reduce the sticky. By using this surfactant, the sticky is removed 1.2 times as much as the conventional
deinking agent.
A deinking agent has been thought as a ink removing agent. From now on, concerning the pulp quality as a furnish, we are going to continue
to develop the deinking agent as a pulp recycling agent to produce the better deinked pulp.

Foundation of Recycled Pulp Bleaching Technology
Tetsuo Koshitsuka
Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company Inc., Tokyo Research Laboratory

The amount of production of the hydrogen peroxide in the year 2000 was 145,744t. The demand for pulp is 71,237t and the ratio has reached48.9%. Also, about 60% of the demand for this pulp has been estimated as demand for recycled pulp. Therefore, recycled pulp is an importantfield of the hydrogen peroxide market.
Seven kinds of oxidizing agent (chlorine, hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, oxygen, ozone, peracetic acid), three kinds of
reducing agent (sodium hydrosulfite, sodium borohydride, formamidine sulfinic acid) were described and especially hydrogen peroxide, sodiumhydrosulfite, and formamidine sulfinic acid were described in detail as important bleaching agent.
Concerning hydrogen peroxide, the inﬂuence of metals, the heat of kneader and catalase were described. The preventative measures werealso described.
Concerning sodium hydrosulﬁte, the decomposition by air, water and combustion by water were described. As a measure, "HS master", which
can dissolve sodium hydrosulfite continuously in nitrogen gas atmosphere and can feed it to the pulp bleaching site was introduced. "HSmaster" was developed by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical.
Concerning formamidine sulﬁnic acid, the "Fosble System" which is able to manufacture it on-site was introduced. The "Fosble System" wasdeveloped by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical.

For Expanding Use of Recycled Magazine Paper The Development of the Suitable Hot Melt Adhesives for Paper Recycling ?
Shigeru Yatsugi
Asahi Chemical Synthetic Co., Ltd.
Recently, by amendment of the Law for Promotion of Utilization of Recyclable Resources (Recycling Law), the Paper Industry have become
to have to develop the easy-recyclable products for the creation of a recycle-oriented society.
The Plan " Recycle 60", that is, utilization rate of used papers will reach at least 60% by 2005 in Japan, is very diﬃcult target. Because, Japanʼs utilization rate of recovered paper is 57% in 2000, is among top in the world, and utilization rate for paperboard is nearly 90%, which is in asaturation level. But in a paper segment, utilization rate is only a little over 30%. Therefore the achievement of "Recycle 60" depends on
increase in utilization rate of recycled magazine for paper, especially for printing and communication paper.
In the ﬁeld of recycled magazine, hot melt adhesives have been largely used because of excellent processability, but these hot melt adhesives
have become to prevent paper recycling.
Therefore, in order to promote the "Recyclable Paper Products Development and Promotion Project" under the supervision of the Ministryof International Trade and Industry, Japan Federation of Printing Industries which was entrusted by Paper Recycling Promotion Center, hasorganized the "Research Committee for Recyclable Paper Products", for the purpose of development promotion of easy-recyclable hot melt
adhesives, and the committee has been reporting and researching the testing methods for easy-recyclable hot melt adhesives, and proposed thefuture trends.
In this paper, we will report the classiﬁcation of adhesives for bookbinding, mechanism of adhesion, and consideration of suitable hot melt
adhesives for recycling.
And also we will report the authorized convenient testing method (The First Stage Testing Method) to get a approval as Screenable Hot Melt
Adhesives (EVA-based HMA) for paper recycling.

The Effects of Recycling on Pulp and Paper Properties
Takayuki Okayama
Department of Environmental and Natural Resource Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
The utilization rate of wastepaper in Japan has reached 58.0 % in 2001. However, the use for printing and communication papers has been
limited due to concerns about appearance, strength and brightness. To promote the use of recovered paper for higher-quality grades, it isnecessary to understand the fundamental aspects on recycled fiber. This paper describes papermaking potentials of recycled pulp fiber.
When a kraft pulp is repeatedly deﬁbrated in water, dewatered and dried for several times, the strength properties of papers, as well as the
micro-structure of the pulp fibers, are considerably deteriorated. Morphological changes such as delamination and crack formation in cell wallof pulp fiber are enhanced by recycling treatment. On the other hand, the pore volume in cell wall of pulp fibers determined by the solute
exclusion method decreases with recycling. Therefore, the shrinkage of internal pore structure under recycling is not easily reversed. The kraft
pulp with a significant decrease in handsheet tensile strength during recycling tends to swell less and reduce their bonding potential.
Variations in strength properties of papers during recycling are closely related to the ﬁber morphological characteristics. The ﬁber lumen
diameter:fiber width ratio is an important predictive factor of strength properties of handsheet during recycling.
Remarkable increase in water contact angle of kraft pulp ﬁber is observed by recycling. The recycled ﬁber is clearly much less hydrophilicthan the virgin fiber. This relates to inactivation of the fiber surface by recycling, which is known as "irreversible hornification".
The deterioration of neutralized recycled paper prepared from hardwood bleached kraft pulp by accelerated aging is similar to that ofconventional neutralized paper.

Study of Deinking from the Point of View of "It is a Separation-Intensive Technology".
Takeshi Kanazawa
Aikawa Iron Work Co., Ltd.
The deinking process, which was started as a substitute for mechanical pulp along with the energy-saving activity after the former oil crisisand enhancement of action for environmental protection in recent years, has made great strides to the white grade DIP production in place of
Bleached Kraft Pulp recently.
Diﬀerently from the waste paper treatment for paper board, the latest deinking process which requires high quality, becomes more complex
in order to achieve complete ink detachment with the help of chemicals, removal of hard-to-deink material and stickies. As just described, by
reason that technical investigation is necessary in wide-ranging fields, designing of deinking process has given a difficult image for us. In paper
making industry, however, the recycling of waste paper stock have been approached since a long time ago by nature, so we can say that thedeinking process is a product that has been built from accumulation of these technologies. It is possible to consolidate the process to three ones,
that is Pulping, Contaminant Removal, and Upgrading. I think that deinking technology seems to be complicated but it will be understood
relatively easy in bringing together these processes by the key word, "Specification Technology". With that, I will describe the latest technology
of waste paper deinking on the basis of "Separation" in this study.

The Trend Japan has been Towards a Greater Use of Deinked Fiber for Producing Graphic Paper
Masakazu Eguchi
Stock preparation gr. Application Engineering Dept. Voith IHI Paper technology Co., Ltd.
"Recycle 60" by 2005 was proposed by Japan Paper Association and Ministry of International Trade and Industry December 2000. The trend
Japan, also worldwide in recent years has been towards a greater use of secondary fiber and higher recycling rates. This trend has been
especially evident in deinking for graphic paper production.
As recycling rates go up, it is expected the quality of the incoming furnish will decrease due to repeated recycling of the individual ﬁbers anddemands for high quality graphic paper from the consumer will put increasing demands upon deinking system.
To meet theses increasing requirements, deinking technology continue to improve and advance in all areas including equipments design,
systems, and chemistry. The following describes new deinking devices, technologies to help meet the challenges facing deinking system of the
2000s.
The overall goal is to optimize the entire deinking system for more proﬁtable operation.

Present Status of Paper Recycling and Future Subjects
Noboru Takeshita
Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd. R&D Planning Dept.
Recently the utilization rate of used paper had been increasing dramatically, may achieve 58% in 2001. It was mainly due to decreasing in themarket price of collected used paper because of increase in the collecting volume, the increasing cost difference with wood chip, the progressingof de-inking technology, and the stronger demand of recycle product at the market. De-inked pulp is likely to be used for wood free products
today. At the poor market situation wood-free coated paper is decreasing in sales, however coated paper which contains recycled pulp has beensold 120 % over the last year. This trend will be continued.
Comparing the energy consumption in the production process for each pulp, used energy of DIP was the lowest, but it came from only fossil
fuels. On the other hand used energy of chemical pulp was bigger than that of DIP, but less fossil fuels consumed because some part of energy
can be provided by itself.
In order to construct recycling-oriented industry, it is necessary to set up and proceed the two recycling systems, namely a forest recycle toimmobilize carbon dioxide and regenerate forest resources, and used paper recycle to save resources and energy.
Japan Paper Association decided 60% as a target of utilization rate of waste paper in 2005. To achieve the ﬁgure, it is essential to cooperate
between governments, related industries, and consumer. They should make efforts to use more recycle products, to achieve a preferable productquality, to collaborate a complete fractional recovery and an effective recycle system of office waste.

The LCI Calculation Method for LCA of Pulp and Paper Products
Shinji Nakayama, Tokiya Yaguchi
Pulp & Paper Research Laboratory, Oji Paper Co., LTD.

We have been investgating about life cycle assesment (LCA) of pulp and paper products. In this investigation, we have been using to thecaluculation of life cycle inventory (LCI) data for LCA from our mill operation data, our laboratory research data and the reference data. In thispaper, we introduced firstry, some LCI data from reference literatures, and secondary, about our calulation method of accumulation frompractical mill operation data, laboratory research data and some reference data. Finaly, we compared with LCI data about pulp and paper
products of literatures and our caluculation results. In this comparison, we found there were neary equal results by our calulation method ofaccumulation and other methods.
Keywords : LCA, life cycle assessment, LCI, life cycle inventory, energy, CO2,NOx，SOx，pulp, paper, products

An Application of the X-ray Fluorescence Method to Quantification of Ink Printed on Paper Surfaces
Hitomi Hamada, Toshiharu Enomae, Masato Kato and Fumihiko Onabe
Graduate school of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
With a view to quantify ink on nip-printed paper, the amount of which is unknown, a newly developed technique using an X-ray ﬂuorescencemethod was applied. In this technique, the content of copper included in a cyan ink printed on paper was measured as an intensity of its peak in
the X-ray fluorescence spectrum. Several kinds of paper were subjected to solid-printing using a universal printability tester with a cyan ink, andthen the transferred ink amount was measured by weighing the ink roll before and after printing. The proportional relationship between the someasured copper content and the transferred ink amount measured gravimetrically was confirmed irrespective of the kinds of printing paper.
This result suggests that the printed cyan ink amount can be determined by measuring the copper intensity in an X-ray fluorescence spectrum.
Further, papers having several levels of smoothness were prepared with a supercalender. The transferred ink amount was found to decrease withincreasing the smoothness of paper.
The X-ray ﬂuorescence method was compared with the method of print density calculated from lightness (L*). The coated papers containing
the hollow or filled sphere pigments were prepared and solid-printings were conducted on the coated paper by an RI printing tester with a cyanink. Lightness (L*) of printed surfaces of the coated papers was measured with a spectrophotometer. The print density was not proportional to
the transferred ink amount measured by the X-ray fluorescence method, and was influenced by the lightness of unprinted surfaces. In
application, the X-ray intensities of copper and coating components of the print with print mottle were measured and mapped using an X-ray
fluorescence microanalyzer. For the poor print with print mottle, binder and pigment in the coating were distributed unevenly. This finding
suggests that the print mottle may have been caused by the uneven distribution of binder and/or pigment in the coating.

Keywords: Lightness, Print mottle, Smoothness, Transferred ink amount, X-ray fluorescence method

2002 Aug JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL[Print]JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALVol. 56, No. 8
CONTENTS
Aug-02

Topics & Information
The Latest Drive and Supervisory Control System

Shigeru Sekine...(1)Sensodec6S Runnability Monitoring System

Kiyoshi Dekula...(6)Actual of PaperMachine Operation by Paper Machine/ CoatedMachine Operation Saport Toor
Noboru Negishi, Naoteke Mituishi and Youhei Shiokoshi...(13)Color Inspection System -Introduction of Color Age System-

Makoto Endo and Hideto Matsui...(24)

Plant Information System -Advantage of the Process Data in the Pulp and Paper Industry-

Shizuo Itoh...(30)Introduction of DCW -Fast and Accurate Measurement of the On-Line Dirt Count System

Yoshiyuki Kawabata...(34)

Modern Single Drum WindersPeter Trilling...(40)Polyacrylamide-based Surface Strength Agents -Characterization of Polyacrylamide-based Surface Strength AgentsYumiko Nagashima...(46)New Hofmann PAM「H520B」
N. Sakamoto, T. Matsubara and K. Yoshida...(53)
Optimization of Wet-end Operation by"Realizer"
T. Kameoka, S. Ohyama, H. Itoh, H. Doki, T. Yodoya, Koichi Tadaki, Kenji Tsunekawa, Shuichi Arai and Masa Taniguchi...(58)
HYMO TWINS SYSTEM

Hideyuki Wakamatsu...(66)

Dewatering machine for Paper Pulp-ROTARY PRESS-

Masahiro Ide...(73)

Carbonizing Process Plant for Dehydrated Pulp Sludge

Seiki Muraoka...(77)-Continuouse High-Speed Carbonizing SystemPresent Status and Prospect of Pulp and Paper Industries in Thailand(Part2)

Yoshinari Kobayashi...(81)-Supply System of Pulp Woods and Research Organizations of Pulp and Paper TechnologyIntroduction of Research Laboratories
Department of Biological Information, Graduate Sehool of Bioscience and Biotechnology,...(88)

Tokyo Institute of Technology
Research Report
Dioxins Levels in Chlorine Dioxide Bleaching of Hardwood Oxygen-bleached Kraft Pulp(I)
Hiroshi Ohi, Shuji Hosoya and Kengo Magara...(92)
Development of Super Water

Yuehua Xiao and Gyosuke Meshitsuka...(99)-absorbent from Cellulosic Materials -Porous Structure of Water AbsorbentPulp and Paper Mills in Japan-Hachinohe Mill, Mitsubishi Paper Mills, Ltd.-Mitsubishi Paper Mills, Ltd.

...(105)

Committee report...(03)

Essay on Intellectual Property...(90)Coffee break...(91)

Papyrus...(115)

Industry News(Domestic and International)...(118)

List of Titles in Foreign Journals Received by JAPAN TAPPI...(127)

List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication...(130)

Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District...(140)Wholesale Price list of Papers at Tokyo Trade Center...(141)

Other Monthly Statistics...(143)

News from the Association...(145)

2002 Aug JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL[Print]JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALVol. 56, No. 8
August 2002 Abstracts

The Latest Drive and Supervisory Control System
Shigeru Sekine
Industrial Systems Engineering Department,
Toshiba GE Automation Systems Corporation
The latest drives system for a paper machine has high speed data link with optical ﬁber. The various drives data can be shown on the
supervisory CRT. On the other hand, Information Technology (IT) has progressing very fast. Internet connecting facilities is getting familiar.
The remote maintenance system and alarm messaging system via Internet has been realized.

Sensodec6S Runnability Monitoring System
Kiyoshi Dekula
Metso Automation K.K., Paper Automation Div.
For a number of years on-line machinery condition and runnability monitoring systems have allowed maintenance departments and paper
mill operating staff to measure machinery vibration, process pulsation and paper quality in order to detect mechanical deterioration or process
stability problems at an early stage. With the analysis tools built into these systems, developing problems have been averted, thereby reducing
the occurrence of unscheduled downtime and improving runnability. Preventive maintenance scheduling and papermachine fabric changes
have been made more proactive and effective.
Today, industry standards for network communications and emerging industry standards for operating systems and operator interfaces are
facilitating the development of millwide networks. With the adoption of these standards, the seams between process control systems, quality
control, production management and information systems are dissolving. Operations, quality control, and engineering personnel are now
multiple users on the same network.
Similarly, on-line machinery condition and runnability monitoring systems are becoming an integral part of the same network. Distributed
architectures and high speed communications allow maintenance and operations personnel to analyze the same process and machinery
condition information.
While general information sharing is becoming commonplace, there is a continuing need for machinery condition and runnability monitoring
systems to offer their specific users more insight into the complex, dynamic area of machinery condition, process pulsation and paper quality
interactions. These task-oriented systems have recently introduced new signal processing techniques and user tools to make predictive
maintenance diagnosis and operator interaction more insightful and effective.

Actual Of PaperMachine Operation by PaperMachine/CoatedMachine Operetion Saport Toor
Noboru Negishi
Shinko Kagaku Co., Ltd.
Naoteke Mituishi
Wako Accutech Co., Ltd.
Youhei Shiokoshi
Nippon Paper Unitec Co., Ltd.
It has not put to practical use that operating control is done by measuring wet paper web moisture content of each part on a paper machine,
due to technically unavailable to measure moisture of each part and to less affected to web breaks with the variation of web moisture depend on
decreasing open draws. While operators have the know-how to indirectly estimate web moisture from monitoring steam consumption of dryers
and web runnability.
Now, we have developed new processing technology that indicate easily the moisture content and dewatering rate/dryness after the forming
section, all press nips and drying cylinders on real-time. This technology is based on: ①processing technology that can analyze drying trend atdryer section ②available measuring equipment that can measure dewatering rate of individual press eﬃciently ③personal computer whichbecame cheaper and higher performance, etc.

As a result of applying this technology to real time operation monitoring and operation control over one year, it has been proved to beeffective for rational papermaking.
We have commercialized this system as "MOAS" , Machine Operation Analysis System for papermaking and coating.

Color Inspection System−Introduction of Color Age System−
MakotoEndo and Hideto Matsui
Production Management Department, Vision System Division, WIS Group,
OMRON CorporationIʼm going to introduce the eﬀectiveness of Web Inspection System for Colored Web that is based on the experience for several years at Lintec
Corporation who has introduced 4 systems earlier than others.
Also, Iʼm going to introduce the ideas of improvement based on the customerʼs requests, and the direction of the future trend of Web
Inspection System.

Plant Information System Advantage of the Process Data in the Pulp and Paper Industry
Shizuo Itoh
Plant System Div., System Plaza Inc.
The PI System is a set of Server and Client based software programs designed to fully automate the collection, storage and presentation ofplant information. PI is frequently used as an integration and development platform for enterprise wide applications.
PI Systems serve plant data to end users and software applications, quickly and eﬃciently. PI client applications enable personnel to easily
implement plant and corporate initiatives such as process improvement, TQC, and predictive maintenance by unifying plant data into a single
repository where any individual in a company can view and analyze the same information.
Applications such as production planning, maintenance management, expert systems, LIMS, supply chain management systems can be
integrated with PI Systems to bridge the gap between business and real-time production environments.
The PI system from OSI Software has become one of the most successful and widely used process information management systems in thepulp and paper industry.

Introduction of "Dirtformer"- Fast and Accurate Measurement of the On-Line Dirt Count System Yoshiyuki Kawabata
Nomura Shoji Co., Ltd.
DirtFormer is fully automatic system for the measurement of dirt count characteristics of recycled and chemical pulps. DirtFormer
measurement is based on image analysis with a CCD-camera. Dirt is recognized using contrast: a dirts is a darker area in the sample comparing
to the surrounding pulp.
DirtFormer is based on PulpExpert Oyʼs dirt detection technology, which has been widely used in PulpExpert Pulp Quality Analyzerʼs
DirtCount Unit, Model, which are devices for measurement of dirt count from pulp sheets.

Modern Single Drum Winders
Peter Trilling
Jagenberg Papiertechnik GmbH
According to the demands from printing industry, paper mills are requested to ship roll products with better quality and larger size rewoundrolls year by year. In order meet the demands of market, winder makers realized that they should make highly sophisticated winder with fullautomation. Therefore, the targets are for better quality of rewound roll and automation for saving labor cost.
In order to achieve the target, Jagenberg developed center-winding system for obtaining better quality of rewound rolls and also completed
full automation system for core feeding and taping device. Our new winder Vari-Plus is so designed that one operator can cover full operationof Vari-Plus winder.
As to rewound roll quality, it is clear that we can obtain stress free rewound roll because of center-winding with the lowest nip pressure frommain rewind drum, thus makes ideal hardness of rewound rolls.

Besides, we can operate winder with better runnability tension regardless rewound roll hardness because we have tension isolating device
between running tension and rewind tension. This makes tight tension running and soft winding at the same time, which will be applied forrewound rolls for sheeter. In addition, soft tension running and harder roll rewinding at the same time, which is applied for roll shipping. It also
applied for easy break paper like thin paper winding.

Polyacrylamide-based Surface Strength Agents- Characterization of Polyacrylamide-based Surface Strength Agents Yumiko Nagashima
Seiko Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.
Polyacrylamide（PAM)-based surface strength agents have been used jointly with starch or polyvinylalcohol（PVA) in the majority of cases.
However，as a result of the rise in demand due to various eﬃciencies required for surface strength agents，PAM-based surface strength agents
have been used individually. Individual use of PAM-based surface strength agents results in a couple of problems：ﬁrstly，the incompatibility
with surface sizing agents；and secondly the decrease in sizing eﬀect at high concentration coating and with large quantities of pick-up
solution.
PAM-based surface strength agents have been researched from various viewpoints，and It is conﬁrmed that these problems are resulted fromeach agent inquiring into their performance and size efficacy is able to be preserved by controlling the hydrophilic ability of PAM-based surface
strength agents.
Internal bond strength is one of performances required for surface strength. Internal bond strength is required to protect the blister
resistance of coat paper，and the dust from a transverse section prevention of plain paper for copy paper，and high performance paper，and
what not.
In this investigation，the penetration of PAM-based surface strength agent into base paper was examined by time-dependent attenuation ofultrasound transmission in PAM-based surface strength agent solution and researched correlation with the behavior of the internal bondstrength. And the rise of the internal bond strength by surface application is effected greatly by the penetration of PAM-based surface strength
agents solution into base paper. A slight difference of penetration on zero-sizing base paper has an influence on the penetration of PAM-based
surface strength agents solution，and internal bond strength.

New Hofmann PAM ｢H520B｣
T. Kameoka, S. Ohyama, H. Itoh, H. Doki and T. Yodoya
Formulated Products Lab., Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.
N. Sakamoto, T. Matsubara and K. Yoshida
Specialty Resins Div.
Mitsui Chemicals has succeeded in the development of novel type of Hofmann PAM 520B which shows 1)High paper strength, 2)Highdrainage, 3)High Retention, especially at relatively high pH condition like pH5.5〜pH7.5 by full use of our special polymerization technology.
It was found that "Core-Branch structure" which can be achieved by a special branching polymerization technology gives good performanceto this novel Hofmann PAM 520B. which is afforded using a unique on-line additive system "Hofmanizer System"
By using Mitsui Chemicalsʼ Hofmann PAM 520B and Hofmanizer System,a customer can1)get better unit consumption of paper strength reagent.
2)achieve higher machine speed(〜10%) without drainage aid.
3)use cheaper pulp like OCC more.
4)save waste water treatment cost.

Optimization of Wet-end Operation by "Realizer"
Koichi Tadaki, Kenji Tsunekawa, Shuichi Arai, Masa Taniguchi
FC Department, Somar Corporation
Neutral papermaking and high recycle ﬁber usage in recent years make papermaking more troublesome. Conversion of acid to neutral
papermaking reduced popular use of alum. Also recycle fiber usage and worldwide concern in environmental problem brought various
contaminations, anionic trash and unwanted ions in papermaking process, which would harm wet-end operation. These harmful materials could
deposit on papermaking equipment, and lower machine speed, fiber retention and paper quality. As a result production rate and runnability of
paper machine is affected.

"Realizer" developed by Somar will give a solution to the problems associated with wet-end operation. The new chemical assists retention ofother wet-end chemicals, thus reducing total chemical usage. It also improves drainage and fiber retention. Optimization of wet-end operation
using "Realizer" can be achieved by proper selection of cationic charge, molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. It depends on stock
characteristics and other chemical usage. Maximization of the effect with "Realizer" is demonstrated.

HYMO TWINS SYSTEM
Hideyuki Wakamatsu
Paper Chemical Group, Shonan Research Center, HYMO CO., LTD.
Recently, in Japanese paper mills, the papermaking conditions have been getting worse because of higher usage of recycled paper, proceedingmill closure, alkaline paper making or an increase of wire speed.
Under such conditions, retention aids have been required to achieve much higher performance. One of such retention aid systems is the
micro-particle system using cationic PAM and inorganic substance.
We have developed various types of dispersion polymers, which have characteristics of high molecular weight, high actives and low productviscosity.
Furthermore we have developed a new retention system, HYMO TWINS SYSTEM, characterized by using both cationic dispersion polymer
and anionic dispersion polymer.
HYMO TWINS SYSTEM achieves higher retention and higher drainage than micro-particle systems.

Dewatering machine for paper pulp− ROTARY PRESS −Masahiro Ide
Tomoe Engineering Co., Ltd.
Process Engineering Development Section
Machinery & Equipment Division"Rotary Press" which is a new rotary pressure dehydrator with an unconventional dewatering mechanism, has been developed by Fournier
Industries Inc. in Canada, and is going to be imported and marketed by Tomoe Engineering Co., Ltd. in technical cooperation with theFournier Industries. The Rotary Press, which is a well-balanced machine with high dewaterability for less operating and maintenance costs
including energy consumption, has recently been finding increasingly wider applications including sewage treatment in Canada. This paper
describes dewatering principles, features, and dewatering performance of the Rotary Press.

Carbonizing Process Plant for Dehydrated Pulp Sludge- CONTINUOUSE HIGH-SPEED CARBONIZING SYSTEM Seiki MURAOKA
Tomoe Engineering Co., Ltd.
Process Engineering Development Section
Machinery & Equipment DivisionThis document is prepared to describe process theory and features for "Carbonizing Process Plant" which comprises of sludge dryer,
external-heating furnace with multi-stage screw conveyors and effluent gas treatment system.
It is emphasized that dehydrated pulp sludge should not be disposed at landﬁll area but reused as one of resources. As one of methodologies
for resource recycle, carbonization process, which turns any sludge into carbons under low oxygen circumstance, has been applied. Dehydrated
pulp sludge can be dried by the sludge dryer and then fed to the first stage of screw conveyors in the carbonization furnace. While transferring
sludge through insides of the screw conveyors with firing from outside of the conveyors, "carbonization process" is proceeded under low oxygen
circumstance. It is envisaged that carbons derived from any sludge would be reused.
Tomoe Engineering Co. Ltd. has provided "Carbonization Test Plant" to study process performance including running cost, operability,
controllability and maintenance

Present Status and Prospect of Pulp and Paper Industries in Thailand (Part2)-Supply System of Pulp Woods and Research Organizations of Pulp and PaperYoshinari Kobayashi
Dr. Kobayashi Engineering Consultant Office

The shift of the policy of pulp and paper industries from non-woody raw materials such as kenaf and bagasse to wood chips accelerated
plantation of eucalyptus, especially Eucalyptus camldulensis in North-East in Thailand. Phoenix Pulp and Paper Co., Ltd. switched from kenaf
to eucalyptus and bamboo after several yearsʼ operation in 1987. Advance Agro Co. belonging to Soon Hua Seng Conglomerate has entered inthese industries in the late 80s and early 90s with plantation of eucalyptus in their own farmersʼ network fields. In spite of strong farmersʼ
resistance movement against the plantation, eucalyptus plantation is gradually and steadily prevailing in North-East Area in Thailand. FAO
organized a symposium to confirm scientifically the evaluation of eucalyptus plantation. The conclusive argument pro and con eucalyptus
plantation provided by FAO was introduced. Finally research organizations concerning pulp and paper as well as afforestation were alsomentioned.

Dioxins Levels in Chlorine Dioxide Bleaching of Hardwood Oxygen-bleached Kraft Pulp (I)
Hiroshi Ohi
Institute of Agricultural and Forest Engineering, University of Tsukuba
Shuji Hosoya and Kengo Magara
Forestry and Forest Products Research InstituteKraft pulp and sulﬁte pulp bleaching mills using chlorine, chlorine dioxide (D) and other chlorinated compounds are under surveillance ofthe dioxins regulation in Japan from 15 January 2000. The bleaching mills are regarded as "notified establishments" which may pollute water
quality. According to it, the dioxins are composed of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs),
and coplanar-polychlorinated biphenyl (Co-PCBs). The limit for the dioxins emissions to environmental water from the mills is 10pgTEQWHO1998/L. The limit should be considered ten times as that of the environmental water quality level (1pg-TEQ/L). One of questions iswhether water qualities of process sewers in chlorine dioxide bleaching (ECF) mills are less than the environmental water quality (1pg-TEQ/L)or not. Objectives of this study are to clarify the dioxins level of ECF mill sewers and to know more about mechanism of the dioxins formation
during ECF bleaching of hardwood oxygen-bleached kraft pulp (LOKP) on a basis of the analysis level for the environmental water quality.
Laboratory bleaching was carried out using a mill LOKP (kappa number 9.8), chlorine dioxide from a mill R8 generator and drink water in alaboratory high-share mixer. Active chlorine factors were in the range of 0.14-1.14. The total TEQs of pulps are less than 15ppq for both the Dtreated pulps and D and alkali-extracted (E) pulps. Those of spent liquors are less than 0.0057pg-TEQ/L for both the D and E spent liquors. In
all cases, 2,3,7,8-TeCDD and TeCDF were not detected.
Keywords: Dioxins, Pulp bleaching, Chlorine dioxide, Hardwood, Kraft pulp

Development of Super Water-absorbent from Cellulosic Materials (4)-Porous Structure of Water AbsorbentYuehua Xiao and Gyosuke Meshitsuka
Laboratory of Wood Chemistry, Department of Biomaterial Sciences,Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University ofTokyo
In this paper, porous structures of the swollen hydrogels of the cross-linked CM-LBKP were examined by solute exclusion technique. Water
absorbents prepared by cross-linking of CM-LBKP with different types of polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ethers (PEGDGEs) had very porous
structures. The total pore volume of cross-linked CM-LBKP up to 560 Å in width was about 100 times of that of untreated pulps. Increased
amount of cross-linking agent bound to CM-LBKP not only decreased the total pore volume, but also decreased the pore size with increased
contribution of small pores up to 560Å in width. Re-cross-linking of the water soluble fraction from the first cross-linking of CM-LBKP seemed
to proceed more homogeneously and eventually to give more homogeneous distribution of cross-linkage. Thereby re-cross-linking products had
higher water absorbency and lower water solubility.
Key words: cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, super water-absorbent, cross-linking, water retention value, pore size, dextran

2002 Sep JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL[Print]JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALVol. 56, No. 9
CONTENTS
Sep-02

Topics & Information
Sheet Formation Technology on Roll-Blade Former

Hiroshi Iwata, Kazuhiko Masuda and Masanobu Matsumoto...(1)The Newest High-Speed Board Paper Machine -Top Quality at Top Speed-

Kousuke Tano...(9)How to Fulﬁll the New Requirements of the Wet End ProcessTM Bernhard Muller,

Masakazu Eguchi and Jun Takahashi...(15)

Advanced Wet-end Concepts to Stabilize Paper Machine Running Roland Berger,

Lydia Bley and Rainer Rauch...(24)BTF Headbox System -A New Dilution Control System for Existing HeadboxLatest On-line Calender Technology -Janus MK2Calender-

Hiroshi Takahashi...(30)
Eiji Ando...(36)Development of Mitsubishi High-Speed Film Coater
Masahiro Sugihara, Kenji Yamada, Hiroshi Miura and Toshiaki Miyakura...(41)The Coation Application Using the Excellent Flow Modeling Software FLOW-3D

Yoshihiro Miyamoto...(48)Tesa EasySplice FastLine -New Flying Splicing Tape Technology for Improved ProductivityBernhard Gebbeken, Yuki Kashiwabara and Munetaka Mukasa...(55)
Application of New Evaluation Method of Sheet Appearance to Various Coated Papers
Kasuke Fujita, Nobuhiro Matsuda, Hisashi Matsui and Yoshiaki Zama...(60)Repoets of2002International Pulp Bleaching Conference

Takanori Miyanishi...(66)

Research Report
Environmental Evaluation on Meltion Treatment of Paper Products
Katsuhito Nakazawa, Keiichi Katayama, Hidetoshi Miyazaki, Hiroyasu Sakamura and Itaru Yasui...(75)
Dioxins Levels in Chlorine Dioxide Bleaching of Hardwood Oxygen-bleached Kraft Pulp(Part 2)

Hiroshi Ohi...(83)-Levels before and after Mill Operation of Chlorine Dioxide BleachingPulp and Paper Mills in Japan -Kawanoe Mill, Marusumi Paper Co., Ltd.-

Marusumi Paper Co., Ltd....(93)

55th JAPAN TAPPI General Meeting...(99)Committee report...(03)Coffee break...(73)Papyrus...(124)

Industry News(Domestic and International)...(126)

List of Titles in Foreign Journals Received by JAPAN TAPPI...(136)

List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication...(138)

Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District...(147)

Wholesale Price list of Papers at Tokyo Trade Center...(148)

Other Monthly Statistics...(150)

2002 Sep JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL[Print]JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALVol. 56, No. 9
September 2002 Abstracts

Sheet Formation Technology on Roll-Blade Former
Hiroshi Iwata and Kazuhiko Masuda
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Hiroshima R&D Division
Masanobu Matsumoto
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Paper& Printing Machinery Division
The purposes of newly developing for MJ series paper machine are to accomplish higher production and operator-friendly operation at 2000
mpm.
Since the forming section requires stable sheet forming and good quality of paper on high-speed operation, a suction forming roll at initialdrainage zone and the wedge-shape blade was opposing counter blade at mid-mat forming zone are incorporated in MJ former.
And today, we are able to propose blade former or roll-blade former according to user needs.
In this paper, we present the results of drainage element studies and pilot machine trials.

The newest high-speed board paper machine−Top Quality at Top Speed−
Kousuke Tano
Machinery group, Paper machinery division, Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd.
Even though targeted speeds are approaching each other on printing paper and board machines, there are many distinct diﬀerences in themachine lines.
Two Former achieved essential strength properties for board paper.
Closed transfer without the center roll is more important with low quality waste paper than with virgin pulp.
Surface sizing of boards is diﬀerent from ﬁne paper. The need to achieve full penetration is essential. Full penetration means weakerrunnability properties.
The TurnDry contactless dryer is a great tool in this respect.
Final dryness is reached by two tier felting in order to control the curl of the web.
All these sections and components within each section makes a line ? Opti Concept line for Boards at high speed.

How to Fulfill the New Requirements of the Wet End Process?
Bernhard Mu(･･)ller1,Masakazu Eguchi and Jun Eguchi
Engineering & Development Division, Voith IHI Paper technology Co., Ltd.
The future generation of paper machines will be characterized by increased operating speeds and at the same time higher product quality
demands, including machine directional (MD) and cross machine directional (CD) profile stability.
To meet these new requirements, the wet end process (WEP?) around the wet end of the paper machine needs to be redesigned. New
machines and tools are presented here for mixing the stock and filler components, for white water dilution, stock cleaning and deaeration,
adding of retention agents and for the entire white water handling.
The overall goal is to optimize the entire WEP? for more proﬁtable operation.

Advanced Wet-end Concepts to Stabilize Paper Machine Running
Roland Berger, Lydia Bley and Rainer Rauch
MUETEK Analytic GmbHOver ten years of experience with on-line charge demand analysis has shown that measurements conducted in white water frequently fail toproduce meaningful results. One reason, among others, is that white water contains different charge carriers, such as fines, fillers and colloidally
dissolved anionic material. In addition, charge carriers that are neutralized upstream from the white water basin escape detection at thisparticular sampling point. In view of the ongoing trend towards more complex retention aid systems and the increased use of recovered waste
paper furnishes, charge measurements in white water are losing importance. Instead, on-line charge measurements should be performed at thesource of anionic trash, for example coated broke, TMP or DIP. Another likely measuring point is after the addition of a chemical aid into thethick or thin consistency stock.

BTF Headbox System A New Dilution Control System for Existing Headbox
Hiroshi Takahashi
Design Sec. ，Kawanoe Zoki CO.,Ltd
The demand for improved paper quality is requiring mills to produce paper with less variation in basis weight proﬁle and improved ﬁberorientation uniformity.
Conventional headbox proﬁle control by slice bending is limited in its ability to meet these demands. Mechanical restrictions limit the
precision of the basis weight profile control, and slice bending causes changes in the local flow rate, jet velocity and direction resulting in nonuniform cross machine fiver orientation.
Dilution control systems are therefore becoming more common as a replacement for conventional slice lip control. These systems can provide
better CD basis weight control without interaction with fiber orientation.

Latest on-line calender technology Janus MK2 calender
Eiji Ando
Engineering dept.，Voith IHI Paper technology Co., Ltd.

Market demands to improve the paper quality and production eﬃciency, however, oﬀ line supercalender is available for highly compressed
paper applications, i.e. A1, A2 coated paper and / or SC paper, etc. The supercalenders are becoming bottleneck. Voith Paper developed theJanus calender focusing on-line installation in 1996, it is now improved as Janus "MK2" with state of the art. Following provides an introductionof the Janus MK2. The technical and technological possibilities of this Janus "second generation" to be installed online are presented.

Development of Mitsubishi High-Speed Film Coater
Masahiro Sugihara and Kenji Yamada
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, LTD. Hiroshima R&D Center
Hiroshi Miura and Toshiaki Miyakura
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, LTD. Paper & Printing Machinery Division
Mitsubishi High-Speed Film Coater (MJ Film Coater) has been developed as the on-machine ﬁlm coater and size press for our newly
developed high-speed papermaking machine (MJ series). In this development, we mainly focused on the reduction of "misting" which occurs at
the outlet of applicator roll nip in high-speed coating. Non-dimensional characteristics of misting phenomena have been got in thisinvestigation. According to the results, the state of the art "Continuous Contact Length Control System" and "Low-Adhesive Applicator", which
realize the reduction of misting in high-speed coating, have been developed. In this paper, we report the results of fundamental studies and theoutline of our new film coating technologies briefly.

The coating application using the Excellent Flow Modeling Software FLOW-3DR
yoshihiro Miyamoto
FLOW-3DR is a unique computational ﬂuid dynamic program that was developed by ﬂow science inc. in us. FLOW-3DR has a full navierstokes solver based on the fAVORR (fractional area volume of obstacle representation) finite difference scheme. the true vof (volume of fluid)
algorithm is incorporated into FLOW-3DR that provides the reliable free surface flow analysis. FLOW-3DR has a variety of physical models.
therefore FLOW-3DR is used in the wide range of industrial area including the inkjet or the coating. in this paper the feature of FLOW-3DR
and the direct computation of dynamic contact lines, the application examples for the coating are described.

Tesa EasySplice FastLine
New Flying Splicing Tape Technology for Improved Productivity
Bernhard Gebbeken Dr.-Ing.
Tesa AG
Kashiwabara Yuki and Mukasa Munetaka
Tesatape k.k.
Tesa EasySplice, a new ﬂying splice tape technology for straight line splicing in paper production is introduced. The tape design and function
will be explained. In the next step various methods for splice preparation will be presented. Process improvements for offline coaters are: no air
pockets during acceleration of the new jumbo roll, no wet areas after coating, less tape and no labels. This means increased productivity for thepaper manufacturer due to higher splice security, faster splice preparation, higher splicing speed. Experiences by european customers and theirproduct evaluation will be shown. Also experiences by a machine manufacturer is presented. An outlook is given to the application of flying
splice at offline calenders.

Application of New Evaluation Method of Sheet Appearance to Various Coated Papers
Kasuke Fujita, Nobuhiro Matsuda, Hisashi Matsui and Yoshiaki Zama
Polymer Research Laboratories, JSR Corporation
Coated paper is required to have excellent sheet appearance. And it is well known that sheet appearance is aﬀected by gross proﬁle.
Evaluation of sheet appearance is generally determined by visual inspection. However the evaluation method is subjective and not quantitative,
so that the evaluation of sheet appearance is too difficult. For purpose of quantitative evaluation of sheet appearance, a few methods have beenreported.
We reported that we developed a new evaluation method of sheet appearance of coated paper with using Scanning White-LightInterferometer(ZYGO New View system). And we found that the standard deviation of average of surface slope angles(ASSA) was strongly
related to sheet appearance. That is, we can conclude that the more distribution of ASSA becomes uniform, the more sheet appearance becomes
better.
In this paper, we measured distribution of ultra ﬁne surface proﬁle of various commercial coated papers, and studied inﬂuence of thestandard deviation of ASSA to sheet appearance.
As a result, we found that the optimal threshold of ASSA at binarization changes with kinds of coated papers and optimal threshold is ±7°
for A2 coated paper or ±10°for A3 coated paper. We also found that correlation with sheet appearance is the best, when it is not concernedwith the kind of coated papers but the slope angle area ratio(SAAR) at binarization becomes 70%.
Keywords: Sheet Appearance, Coated Paper, Surface Profile, Standard Deviation,Scanning White-Light Interferometer, Surface Slope Angle,
Binarization

Reports of 2002 International Pulp Bleaching Conference
Takanori Miyanishi, Ph.D.
Pulp and Paper Research Laboratory of Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd.

A historical and technological review of the 17 International Pulp Bleaching Conferences from 1955 to 2002 conﬁrms that the pre-eminent
bleaching conference is indeed international. About half the papers had overseas authors. The "Big Four" countries Canada, USA, Sweden, andFinland dominate, but other countries, such as Brazil, have recently increased their share of papers considerably. The most recent bleaching
technology milestones to be implemented in industrial operations are ozone bleaching and acid hydrolysis removal of hexenuronic acid.

Keywords: bleaching, ECF, mill closure, ozone, hexenuronic acid

Environmental Evaluation on Melting Treatment of Paper Products
Katsuhito Nakazawa
Japan Science and Technology Corporation
Keiichi Katayama
Graduate School of Engineering, Tokai University

Hidetoshi Miyazaki
Satellite Venture Business Laboratory, Shizuoka University
Hiroyasu Sakamura and Itaru Yasui
Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo
At present, there are some environmental problems such as an increase in the domestic waste and a shortage of landﬁll site in Japan.
Especially, the amount of paper products (newspaper, photocopy paper, corrugated board, weekly magazine, gravure magazine, catalog, etc.)
accounting for more than 50% of all domestic waste has been increasing. Therefore, the reduction of its incineration ash becomes a pressing
task for using the landfill site as long as possible. In this study, the effect of melting treatment on the reduction of paper products wasinvestigated, and the amounts of chlorine in combustion gas and in residual ash generated from each paper product were evaluated.
The melting treatment was found to reduce eﬀectively the amount of paper products, and therefore to be eﬀective for prolonging period of
landfill site in Japan. The chemical composition of the slag prepared by melting paper products was mainly composed of several compounds in
the SiO2-Al2O3-CaO system, and the slag was suitable for preparing various glasses. Furthermore, the melting temperature decreased inincreasing amounts of glass cullet that was mixed with combustion ash. The amounts of Pb and Sb eluted from the molten slag in pure water,
salt solution (3.5wt%) and acid solution (pH3) were much lower than those from the combustion ash. In addition, the chloride gas and chloride
compounds in residual ash generated from the combustion of paper products were scarcely detected. These results suggested that the amountof toxic chlorine emitted by melting paper products is extremely small.
Keywords：Paper products, Melting treatment, Molten slag, Residual ash, Chlorine

Dioxins Levels in Chlorine Dioxide Bleaching of Hardwood Oxygen-bleached Kraft Pulp (II)Levels before and after Mill Operation of Chlorine Dioxide Bleaching
Hiroshi Ohi
Institute of Agricultural and Forest Engineering, University of Tsukuba,
Some results of the plant-eﬄuents from chlorine pulp bleaching mills showed the total TEQs are less than the eﬄuent standard: thepermissible limit for speciﬁed facilities（10pg-TEQ/L), but more than the environmental standard for public water（1pg-TEQ/L). The TEQs
of 1,2,3,6,7,8- and 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD are partly responsible for surpassing it. The origin of the HxCDDs in the effluents is thought to be the
TeCDD in an agrochemical, but not to be lignin.
In Japan, CNP (chloronitrofen: an agrochemical made from chlorinated phenols) had been scattered in paddy ﬁelds as a herbicide. It has
been clarified that CNP includes 1,3,6,8-TeCDD, 1,3,7,9-TeCDD and 2,4,6,8-TeCDF. It was found in some results of analysis thatconcentrations of 1,3,6,8- and 1,3,7,9-TeCDDs in effluents from kraft pulp bleaching plants are relatively high, for example, 100pg/L for
1,3,6,8-TeCDD. The toxicity equivalency factors (TEFs) for 1,3,6,8- and 1,3,7,9-TeCDD are not defined yet by WHO1998, and then theirconcentrations do not consist of the total toxicity equivalency quantity (Total TEQ). However, the TEFs for 1,2,3,6,7,8- and 1,2,3,7,8,9HxCDDs are defined as 0.1. Therefore, the total TEQ of the effluent may increase if the HxCDDs form from the TeCDDs by chlorination.
Some results of the plant-eﬄuents from ECF (chlorine dioxide) pulp bleaching mills showed the total TEQs are lower than the environmental
standard (1pg-TEQ/L). It was found in some results of analysis that concentrations of 1,3,6,8- and 1,3,7,9-TeCDDs in effluents from kraft
ECF pulp beaching plants are relatively high, for example, 440pg/L for 1,3,6,8-TeCDD, which should be impurities in the CNP. Laboratory
bleaching using a mill LOKP and chlorine dioxide in the range of KF:0.14-KF:1.14 have shown that 2,3,7,8-TeCDD and TeCDF are notdetected. It is considered that water qualities of process sewers in ECF pulp bleaching mills should be less than the environmental water quality(1pg-TEQ/L).
Keywords: Dioxins, Pulp Bleaching, Chlorination, Agrochemicals, Chlorine dioxide, Herbicide, Chloronitrofen,1,3,6,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-pdioxin, ,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

2002 Oct JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL[Print]JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALVol. 56, No. 10
CONTENTS
Oct-02ENVIRONMENT
Environmental Communication and Industries

Mami Oku...(4)The Yokohama Environment Protection Agreement and The Ideas

Tamotsu Ando...(10)Corporate Environmental Communication

Kimie Tsunoda...(16)-From the Viewpoint of Non Governmental OrganizationsPractice of Environment Communication

Sachio Otoshi...(25)The Future View for Establishing the Recycling-Based Society

Ken Morishita...(32)

RPF：Its Present State and Future

Katsushiro Seki...(40)

Statistical Survey on Industrial Wastes and its Utilization in Pulp and Paper Mills in Japan

Masakazu Hatae...(45)Topics & Information
A Report of2002（69th)Pulp and Paper Research Conference

Wood Science Committee, JAPAN TAPPI...(54)

Solution for Dryer -part Deposit Originated Spot Prevention -Akihisa Yamada...(74)

Spot Generation Mechanism and Prevention ProgramA Study of Print Mottle -Eﬀect of Under Coated Layer on Double Coated Paper-

Tsutomu Kouno...(82)"SHOWER ROLL"A Felt Cleaning Device

Toshio Kameyama...(88)Metso・Chem Color Mat System for On-Line Measurement of Coating Color

Yosuke Takesita...(92)Properties in Coater Supply System
Introduction of Research Laboratories (31)Paper Science Laboratory, Department of Bio-material Science,...(100)

Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
Research Report
Surface Chemistry of Deinking Process：Correlation between Surface Free Energy of Ink andDeinking Agent on Oﬃce Waste Deinking

Shisei Goto and Takanori Miyanishi...(104)

Ozone Treatments of Bleached Kraft Pulp and Wastepaper II-Simultaneous Use of Ultraviolet Lights and Hydrogen Peroxide during Ozone Treatment of Bleached Kraft PulpSatoshi Yamamoto, Chizuru Koga, Hiroyoshi Hosomura and Takayuki Okayama...(114)
Pulp and Paper Mills in Japan(18)-Nomachi Mill, Chuetsu Pulp & Paper Co., Ltd.- Chuetsu Pulp & Paper Co., Ltd.

...(122)

Committee report...(03)

Essay on Intellectual Property...(102)

Coffee break...(103)

Papyrus...(130)

Industry News（Domestic and International)...(134)

List of Titles in Foreign Journals Received by JAPAN TAPPI...(145)

List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication...(147)

Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District...(157)

Wholesale Price list of Papers at Tokyo Trade Center...(158)

Other Monthly Statistics...(160)

2002 Oct JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL[Print]JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALVol. 56, No. 10
October 2002 Abstracts

Environmental Communication and Industries
Mami Oku
Associate Professor ，Environmental Policy Group， Faculty of Environmental Studies
Nagasaki University

Environmental Communication is an exchange of environmental information among diﬀerent actors, i.e. citizens, industry, public authorities
and NGOs, to establish between them a partnership for the realisation of a sustainable society. For companies, it is a challenge to promote thecommunication of environmental information, the provision of which is not legally required but discretionary. In conducting economic
activities, industries are consuming natural resources that are the common asset of all global citizens. In other words, citizens entrust the use ofnatural resources to industries in return for the fruits of their activities in the form of products or services. This means that citizens have a rightto know and companies are accountable for providing information about the interrelations between companiesʼ economic activities and theenvironment. In order for industries to properly take this responsibility in contributing to citizensʼ right to know, it is essential for them to grasp
stakeholdersʼ needs on corporate environmental information by promoting environmental communication. A study by the Ministry ofEnvironment entitled ‘Research on Industriesʼ Environmentally Benign Activitiesʼ shows that companies have become increasingly aware of theimportance of environmental communication in recent years. In future, for companies to promote environmental communication in an evenmore efficient and effective way, there are several points that need to be borne in mind. These are to: 1) define the stakeholders and aim of
information provision, and choose the content and tools accordingly, 2) ensure comparability, credibility, objectivity and transparency of
information, 3) add some originality to information provided as well as include negative information and 4) draw a future vision of the socialrole or responsibility that the company wishes to take and of the relationships that it wishes to develop with society.

The Yokohama Enviroment Protection Agreement and The Ideas
TamotsuAndo Enviromental Management Division Enviromental Protection Bureau of City of Yokohama
Yokohama City had started the construction of reclamation of Negishi Bay in 1959.In the reclamation area, large factories of electric power
plant, gas industry, petroleum refinery, petrochemical industry, electrical industry, machine industry, and ship construction etc, were expected
to be build. However, expansion of air pollution by the factories was anxious.
However, under the laws, Yokohama City did not have any rights to control or lead pollution stationary at that time. Then the city has agreed
to have the contract "Pollution Control Agreement" with the companies based on science data and public opinions. The pollution control
agreement has been contracted with Electric Power Development Co., Ltd. Isogo thermal power station first 1974, it has been applied tosupplement pollution related laws and made good result, so it still has been
Contracted with many self-governing bodies since then.
As the situation surrounding Yokohama has been changed greatly from the agreement established, we are going to propose this agreement as"Environmental Protection Agreement" with considering the relationship among people ecosystem and global environment as well as
supplement the laws relating to environmental pollution.

Corporate Environmental Communication-From the viewpoint of Non Governmental OrganizationsTsunoda Kimie
Member of Steering Committee, Valdez Society
Sharing information is the prerequisite of the environmental communication. Qualitative aspects of general disclosure, for example,
relevance, reliability, understandability, comparability, verifiability and clarify, are also fulfilled with the environmental disclosure. The senderof information should be grasped the " 6W1H" points.
According to the survey against companies certiﬁcated ISO14001 in Japan in 1999, they didn't always positively environmental disclosureand communication in spite of researchers' hypothesis. Companies certificated ISO14001 should be positively promoted the environmental
disclosure and communication.

Corporate environmental reports (CERs), the base belong some corporate discloserʼs media, are published more and more in Japan. For
readers, it is difficult to compare various CERs even them in similar industries, so I'd like to expect to develop common item or indices for muchcomparability in CERs by industries or industrial associations.
Chemical Risk Communication is took notice of recently in Japan with the enforcement PRTR Low. Chemical Risk Communication is theinteractive process between corporate and stakeholders to promote understanding and construct credibility. Stakeholders wish not only safety
but also peace of mind against chemical risk. Companies should be promoted communication to bring stakeholders' peace of mind.

Practice of Environment Communication
Sachio Otoshi
Asahi Glass Co. Ltd.
It will be important to the practice of environmental communication with community for industries after the making public of the emission ofharmful chemical substances form facilities. We call it risk communication. Industries must explain the risk of these emissions and improve theunderstanding of the community. This paper explains about what are hazard and risk, and the process of risk communication.

The Future View for Establishing the Recycling-Based Society
Morishita Ken
Eco-Management InstituteIn the 21st century, there is increasing pressure to move away from the current socio~economic system, which is based on mass production,
mass consumption, and mass disposal and to establish an environmentally sound, sustainable society. In order for this to take place, thevoluntary and positive efforts of businesses that play a significant role in socio~economic activities are crucial.
For businesses, management beneﬁts can be achieved, through operating business of higher quality such as a reduction in the consumption of
resources and energy, less disposal of wastes, or by providing environmentally conscious products and services.
In recent years, it has become increasingly aware that businesses have social obligation to disclose their own environmental information. The
importance of publishing and disclosing environmental reporting, which summarizes the state of environmental management, environmental
performance, environmental accounting information, and also promoting environmental communication with stakeholders, e.g. consumers,
investors, customers, local public, has been increased.

RPF: Its present state and future
Katsushiro Seki
Seki Shoten Co. Ltd.
RPF(Refuse Paper & Plastic Fuel) is a fuel made of waste paper and plastics, and is attracting interest by its ecological character. Waste
paper and waste plastics are reclaimed from big factories with great care on their sources. They are disintegrated separately to about 40 mm insize. Then, with a certain blending ratio, they are formed into pellets (8 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length). Its heat value is 6000-8000 kcal.
These pellets are used as a solid fuel for boilers. The present monthly production is 10,000 tons, and capacity expansion projects are in sight.
The demand is expected to be about 600,000 tons a year in 2005. The paper gives an outline on its production system.

Statistical Survey on Industrial Wastes and its Utilization in Pulp and Paper Mills in Japan
Masakazu Hatae
Environmental Technology, JAPAN TAPPI
Industrial Wastes Committee, Japan Paper Association
Environmental Protection Committee, Japan Paper Association
Japan Paper Association surveys statistics on industrial wastes disposed from pulp and paper mills every year by sending a questionnaire toeach mills. The result in the 2000 survey is as follows.
1.The coverage is 88.4 %, based on the paper production volume. It is the highest ﬁgure in these several years.
2.The total industrial waste generated, that is the sum of industrial waste reused and industrial waste ﬁnally disposed, increased 6 % in B.D.
weight compared to that in the 1999 survey. It is due to paper production increase of 10 % in 2000.
3.The waste reused rate is 81%. The waste ﬁnally disposed reduced 11% in B.D. weight compared to that in the 1999 survey.
4.When compared to the 1989 survey, following improvements are remarked.

(1) The unit industrial waste generation is 22 % less than that in 1989.
(2) The water content of the industrial waste generated is reduced to 30% from 50% in 1989.
(3) The unit waste finally disposed is 80% less than that in 1989.
5. The guideline by Japan Paper Association for waste reduction is that the waste ﬁnally disposed in 2010 should be reduced to 450 thousand
tons (as it is) from 2537 thousand tons in 1990. It is 612 thousand tons in 2000.

Solution for Dryer-part Deposit Originated Spot Prevention Spot Generation Mechanism and Prevention Program
Akihisa Yamada
Maintech Co, Ltd.,Sales Engineering Div.
The spot problem originated from deposition of pitch, stickies and latex in the dryer section is becoming a critical problem under thecondition of high DIP furnish, closed system and alkalization. These spots lead to production problems and quality problems such as increase of
broke and joint work. To date, not a few pitch control program have been tried, high-pressure fabric(canvas) cleaning showers and double
doctoring have been developed. However none of them have met with industry wide acceptance.
Maintech has developed a spot prevention program, a total solution that passivates all surfaces in the dryer section where the deposition could
grow up to cause spots. The program starts with M/C survey and interview to M/C tender to investigate spot generation process, then present a
proposal which installs right equipment in right positions, uses right chemical products in right application methods. The resulting surface
passivation prevents depositions on cylinder, fabric and calender rolls and reduce the number of spots in the paper drastically.
Mills can take considerable advantage from this program. Elimination of deposits in the dryer section reduces not only the number of joints inthe finished rolls but also broke tonnage and down time for M/C cleaning.
This paper reviews an investigation method of spot generation from dryer deposition. Case history illustrating gained beneﬁts in a linerboard
M/C is presented.

A Study of Print Mottle-Eﬀect of Under Coated Layer on Double Coated Paper−
Tsutomu Kouno
Latex Research Center,Nippon A&L INC
The relationship between print mottle of double coated paper and characteristic of under coated layer were studied.
In this study on laboratory works, the inﬂuences of ﬁber coverage, surface roughness and water absorption rate of under coated layer on print
mottle were considered with introducing the concept of critical fiber coverage ( CFC ) .
Print mottle of double coated paper was inﬂuenced by ﬁber coverage and water absorption rate of under coated layer.
This behavior is explained by the diﬀerences of water absorption rate between coated and uncoated part of base paper, whereas water
absorption rate of under coated layer itself was influential over CFC.

"SHOWER ROLL"A Felt Cleaning Device
Toshio Kameyama
Aoki Machinery Co., Ltd, System Engineering Department
We have mainly installed and modiﬁed paper machines and other peripheral devices since our company was established. Then, we havedeveloped a breakthrough felt cleaning device.
That is called "SHOWER ROLL" based on long experience and accumulated know-how. Lately,
Importance has been placed on the recycle of papermaking materials. Under such circumstancesmost paper manufacturers are struggling against the problem of cleaning equipment resulting
from applying poor quality of waste paper. Moreover, the application of cleaning chemicals,
detergents, and the like accordingly causes increase in cost to make a commitment to eﬄuent treatment problem.
Now, we will present our new type of felt cleaning method coming from a novel idea, which is
totally diﬀerent from conventional methods and explain the features well.

Valmet-Raisio Color Mat System For On-Line Measurement of Coating Color Properties in Coater Supply System
Yosuke Takesita
Nippon U.S. Machinery Co., Ltd

The quality controlling for the coating color used to be carried out so far by picking up color samples periodically from the line and bringing
them to a laboratory for analysis.
However, in the much improved and high speed production sites of these days, the above method would inevitably bring us about a large
amount of loss in the color production, since the method would consume much time, after any detection of undesirable things and before any
counter-measure to be taken to stop it would be taken. This has become the more peculiar, the hirer the machine speed has got, and "on-line
color analysis" has become a must with that much increased coater speed.
On the other hand, the continuous color make-down system has made its debut, out of the tendency to minimize the color consumption andto best optimize the production efficiency, and it calls for "on-line color analysis" as an indispensable part of it.
"COLOR-MAT" is a highly reliable an on-line color analysis system which on-line takes measurements of temperature, solid content, aircontent, and rheology factors, and is even equipped with a self-cleaning system. It can be connected to whichever existing DCS systems in mills,
and has been introduced to a larger number of paper mills in Europe.
The best position along on the coater line at which "COLOR-MAT" should be line-connected, should be as much closer to a coater head as
possible, to optimize the coater operation and consequent paper quality.

Ozone treatments of bleached kraft pulp and wastepaper Ⅱ.
Simultaneous use of ultraviolet lights and hydrogen peroxide during ozone treatment of bleached kraft pulp
Satoshi Yamamoto
Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology*
Chizuru Koga, Hiroyoshi Hosomura
Media R&D, Fuji Xerox / Supply Business Company
Takayuki Okayama
Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology*Present address: Research & Development Div., LINTEC Corporation

In a previous report, it was found that the brightness and the sheet strength tended to be improved when the chlorine compound component
included in the pulp decreased during the ozone treatment of the chlorine-type bleached pulp. At this time, ultraviolet lights and hydrogen
peroxide were simultaneously used during the ozone treatment of the bleached kraft pulp as an application of the advanced oxidation process.
The effect of the treatment by each combination of ozone/ultraviolet lights, ozone/hydrogen peroxide, and ozone/ultraviolet lights/hydrogen
peroxide on the various physical properties of the pulp fiber and the changes in the chlorine compound in the pulp were examined. In thisexperiment, three kinds of light sources with different wavelengths and outputs were used as sources of the ultraviolet lights, and changes in thereaction condition such as the amount of addition of hydrogen peroxide and the presence of the stabilizer, etc., were evaluated. The total
halogens (TX) and the ethanol extractable organic halogens (EOX), which were the index of the chlorine compound, freeness, water retention
value, limiting viscosity number, tensile strength, and light scattering coefficient, etc., of the sample were measured after the treatment.
Both the total halogens (TX) and ethanol extractable organic halogens (EOX) decreased compared to the value by the ozone treatment alone
when the pulp was treated by the ozone/ultraviolet lights combination. On the other hand, the brightness and tensile strength were significantly
improved when the pulp was treated with the ozone/hydrogen peroxide combination. For the combination of ozone/ultraviolet lights/hydrogen
peroxide, the tensile strength was remarkably improved. Moreover, it was found that the improvement in the sheet strength by the ozone
treatment was attributed to an increase in the bonding strength between the fibers as a result of the tensile strength and the zero-span tensile
strength measurement of the handsheet after the treatment.
Keywords: Ozone treatment, Advanced oxidation process, Chlorine-bleached pulp, Total halogen, Extractable organic halogen, Uitraviolet lightirradiation, Hydrogen peroxide, Tensile strength, Brightness

Surface Chemistry of Deinking Process:Correlation between Surface Free Energy of Ink and Deinking Agent on Office Waste Deinking
Shisei Goto and Takanori Miyanishi
Pulp and Paper Research Laboratory, Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd.

The surface properties of four types of inks (toner ink, inkjet ink, oﬀset newsprint ink and heat-oﬀset ink) and their eﬀects on oﬃce waste
deinking were investigated with regard to the surface tension of deinking agents. The surface free energy of those inks was determined from themeasured contact angles and surface tensions of probe liquids using the Lifshitz-van der Waals/acid ?base approach. All of the tested inks werecharacterized as having low-energy surfaces and the major contribution was derived from the Lifshitz-van der Waals component. Among them
the toner ink had the lowest surface energy whereas the inkjet ink had the highest energy. The contact angles of deinking agents on the ink
decreased as the surface tension of deinking agents decreased. On the other hand, the deinking experiments indicated that detachment
efficiency of the inks from the newspaper and copy paper became highest when the surface tension of deinking agent was similar to the Lifshitzvan der Waals surface energy component of the inks. Furthermore, the hairy toner/clean toner ratio, which was calculated by visual microscopic
observation, showed that the deinking agents, which gave better toner ink detachment, facilitated toner ink break down. It was concluded thatthe surface energy is an important parameter in office waste deinking.
Keywords: contact angle, deinking agent, office waste, surface energy, surface tension

2002 Nov JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL[Print]JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALVol. 56, No. 11
CONTENTS
Nov-02

Topics & Information
Cationic Rosin Size for Weakly Acidic and Neutral Papermaking

Muneo Sakamoto and Che On Au...(1)Blow through Steam Reductuons with the‘FlonageʼSystem

Shigeo Miyata...(8)Development of High Corrosion-resist Surfaces for Metering Roll

Norio Fujita and Yasuhiro Mochida...(14)Advantages of the Flexishaft for Progressing Cavity Pump in Paper and Pulp

Toru Iwata...(19)

Trend in Mechanical Seal Technology in Pulp and Paper Plant

Hidekazu Takahashi...(24)-Failure and Countermeasure Examples of Mechanical SealLatest Activity of Algas Microﬁlter -The Reference Report from Japanese MarketE. C. H. Will Model"GFS"Global Folio-size Sheeter

Yasuo Harikae...(34)
Mamoru Fukumoto and K. Sumfleth...(42)Introduction of Calculation Soft for Pressure Dropping in the Transportation

Sigeru Saito...(46)Piping of Liquid Pulp
Fibers, Fillers and Fines Recovery from the Process Water Coming from Paper

Takefumi Ide...(50)

Machines and Stok Preparation -O. M. C."GAMMAFILTER"High Rate Nitrogen Removal Process by Moving Bed Bioﬁlm Reactor"PABIO DENI"
Hiroyuki Chifuku and Masahiro Kaji...(56)Current Progress in Plant Genome Research and Tree Biotechnology

Yoshihiro Katayama...(64)-Present and Future ProspectsReport on2002TAPPI Coating Conference -Recent Trend of Coating Technologies-

Akio Okagawa...(79)

Research Report
Techniques for Analyzing Paper Properties by Applying Image Processing to Light Transmission Image
Tomohito Nakayama, Toshiharu Enomae and Fumihiko Onabe...(90)
Biobleaching to Kenaf and Shirakaba Pulps by Wood-rot Fungi
Yoshito Ohtani, Yoko Ohmae, Jareeya Yimrattanabovorn and Kazuhiko Sameshima...(97)
Pulp and Paper Mills in Japan(19)-Kushiro Mill, Oji Paper Co., Ltd.- Oji Paper Co., Ltd.

...(104)

Committee report...(03)Coffee break...(89)Papyrus...(112)

Industry News(Domestic and International)...(115)

List of Titles in Foreign Journals Received by JAPAN TAPPI...(127)

List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication...(130)

Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District...(142)Wholesale Price list of Papers at Tokyo Trade Center...(143)

Other Monthly Statistics...(145)

News from the Association...(147)

2002 Nov JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL[Print]JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALVol. 56, No. 11
November 2002 Abstracts

Cationic rosin size for weakly acidic and neutral papermaking
Muneo Sakamoto and Che On Au Nissan-Eka Chemicals Co., Ltd.
High levels of calcium carbonate in waste furnishes and increased contaminants in the closed backwater systems have set new demands on
rosin sizing in neutral pH. Eka Chemicals have developed new sizing systems to meet these challenges :・Rosin ester (Bewoid Extra)・Use PAC (Ekaﬂoc) instead of alum・Rosin aluminium pre-mix (Bewomix System)
・Cationic rosin size (Composize)
Cationic rosin size, consisting of rosin particles stabilised by cationic polyelectrolytes via protective colloid action, represent the best
approach to rosin sizing at neutral conditions. Due to its self-retention property, cationic rosin size can give superior sizing efficiency, reduction
in alum usage, and improved machine runnability.
Keywords; Sizing at neutral pH, Cationic rosin size, Rosin ester, Rosin aluminium pre-mix, PAC

Blow through Steam Reductuons with the ‘Flonageʼ System
Shigeo Miyata
Taimei Koki Co.,Ltd.
Spirax Sarco (Japan)Ltd.
The ‘Flonageʼ System is the system which brings a dryer perfect condition, by controlling blow rate with a separator and steam ﬂow meter
installed on the downstream of the dryer.
The ‘Flonageʼ system enables heating pressure (temperature), revolving speed and steam blow rate to be standardized in ﬁgures. Also, thissystem is highly effective in optimizing energy consumption rate by minimizing steam blow rate to downstream.
Advantages of the ‘Flonageʼ system are as follows.
1. Easy standardization by optimizing blow rate in figures for a best manufacturing condition.
2. Stable production by blowing quantitatively, no matter how pressure fluctuation on the downstream is.
3. Minimizes energy consumption unit by the decreasing unnecessary steam blow.
4. Improves boiling in the condensate tank.

Development of High Corrosion-resist Surfaces for Metering Roll
Norio Fujita and Yasuhiro Mochida
Nomura Plating Co., LTD
We reported corrosive phenomenon of metering roll from an electrochemical standpoint last year. Its result showed a few combinations of
top-coat and under-coat may show higher corrosion resistance than conventional coating. So actual corrosion resistance was verified bycorrosion test in dynamic condition with test plant size machine. As a result, Cr coating on Ni-W alloy coating showed superior corrosion
resistance.

Advantages of the Flexishaft for Progressing Cavity Pump in Paper and Pulp
Toru Iwata
Iwaki Co., Ltd. Promotion Department.
For the color coating process in Pulp & paper industry, lots of pumps are installed. Among these pumps, Progress-Cavity pump is mostly
prevailed.

"Mono Pump" company of United Kingdom have succeeded to develop new kinds of joint, called ﬂexishaft less joint, which is very far fromconventional idea of joint.
The ﬂexishaft has no wearing parts as a new construction of oil-less. That created the advantage of Progress-Cavity pump and makes it easy
handling.
We now would like to explain the eﬀects of the ﬂexishaft for Progress-Cavity pump.

Trend in Mechanical Seal Technology in Pulp and Paper Plant Failure and Countermeasure Examples of Mechanical Seal
Hidekazu Takahashi
EAGLE INDUSTRY Co., Ltd. Seal Engineering Dept.
In a pulp and paper plant, a large number of water pumps and various diﬀerent pumps for pulp or chemicals are utilized in the production
processes from economical point of view (energy saving, resource saving and maintenance saving) and environment preservation point of view.
Mechanical Seals are also utilized for other rotating equipment including agitators, screens and refineries. This text describes failure andcountermeasure examples of Mechanical Seal for pulp and paper industry.

Latest Activity of Algas Microﬁlter−The Reference Report from Japanese Market−
Yasuo Harikae
Itochu Sanki Corporation

In compliance with social requirements on environmental protection, pollution control for water at a pulp and paper mill is becoming more
and more important. Also, water consumption need to be decreased in light of material resource saving as well as production cost saving.
Under the circumstance, not less than 500 Algas Micro-Filters (AMF) are running all over the world and we have installed 14 AMF in Japan
since 1998. AMF can contribute to re-use fibers, clear water and additives from white water, effluent water etc. and to reduce cost of water
treatment as well as water discharge.
This report is to explain the basic construction and features of AMF and the successful references of AMF installation in Japan.

E.C.H. Will Model "GFS" Global Folio-size Sheeter
Mamoru Fukumoto
K. K. Irisu
Since 135years E.C.H.Will Hamburg is one of the leading manufacturers of converting machinery for the paper industry.The company has
gained worldwide acknowledgement when introducing cut size sheeters for copy paper. These machines are used worldwide by all well-known
paper makers and also in the meantime by smaller paper converting companies.
With regard to folio size sheeter E.C.H.Will was and is reknown for special solutions instead. Based on and with the knowhow of hundreds ofcut size sheeters and some hundred folio size sheeters having been delivered, the concept of the Will "global folio size sheeter" type GFS has
been developed.
The great technical experience in cutting and transporting paper as well as introducing innovative ideas, new materials and, last but not least,
the influence of various customers' requests, which are known to E.C.H.Will from numerous special projects, were the base for development of
the GFS folio sheeter.

Introduction of Calculation Soft for Pressure Dropping in the Transportation Piping of Liquid Pulp Sigeru Saito
Engineering Group ，KITZ Corporation
Generally speaking, the pressure dropping degree of pulp liquid depends upon the nominal size of piping and concentration, speed andfreeness of the liquid.
On the equipment designing, the calculation of pressure dropping is one of the most important things in selections of pump and nominal sizeof piping and control valves, however, as indicated in the Figure 1, it seems very difficult to calculate manually in each case.
Upon the requests from our customers and under the above situation, we have developed the unique calculation soft with our own invention,in order to realize an easy calculation by the personal computer.
It has already been introduced for some particular customers, but we, hereby, would like to make it open for all customers. We are very
pleased, if this soft could be useful for you.

Fibers, Fillers and Fines Recovery from the Process Water Coming from Paper Machines and Stok Preparation- O.M.C."GAMMAFILTER"Takefumi Ide
Taizen Co., LTD.
The GAMMAFILTER assures, compared with the traditional ﬁlters, a very large ﬁlterringsurface (6 times larger), thank to the particular shape of the wires.
The suspended materials settle in the inner side of the drum, which constantly and slowly
turns around its axis, forming a layer, whose thickness grows gradually as the drum dips into the water.That operation improves the ﬁltering
action, too. If necessary, some chemicals can beadded in the feeding to optimize the coagulation or the flocculation.Thanks to a level differenceof 30cm max from the inner and the outer part of the drum,which can be adjusted by a mechanical overflow, the water naturally flows by
gravitytowards two symmetrical lateral purges.
The suspended solids contained in the water settle on the wires and create a layer whichstays on them.

High Rate Nitrogen Removal Process by Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor"PABIO DENI"
Masahiro Kaji
Proposal Department, Environmental Systems Division, Shinko Pantec Co., Ltd.
The necessity for nitrogen removal is increasing from the viewpoint of eutrophication control in recent years. Although a Modiﬁed activatedsludge process was prevalent in the nitrogen removal process, since there are some faults such as long Hydraulic retention time (HRT), thevarious efficient process of replacing with this process have come to be developed and put in practical use. We put in practical use nitrogen
removal process, PABIO DENI, which is the fluidized bed using the carrier elements made from polyethylene as a moving carrier elements.
This process has the characteristics that the treatment in the HRT of 1/2 to 1/3 of the modified activated sludge process is possible, the highnitrogen removal efficiency is acquired at 10℃, and it can be adapted for the various forms of existing reactors, etc.
A demonstration tests conﬁrmed eﬃcient and high treatment capability such as a high removal ratio as 98 % or above with volumetricloading 0.9 kg-NH4-N /m3･d for nitriﬁcation and with 3.5 kg-NO3-N /m3･d for denitriﬁcation, the nitrogen in treated water becomes below
10 mg / L even if HRT is 5 hrs.
In this report, while an outline of the principle, the structure and the treatment method of the ﬂuidized bed nitrogen removal process isintroduced, a part of the demonstration test result is reported.
Keyworld: Nitrification,Denitrification,Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor, Carrier Elements

Current Progress in Plant Genome Research and Tree Biotechnology-Present and Future ProspectsYoshihiro Katayama
Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering (BASE), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
Progress in molecular biology in the 1980s brings enable us to analyze various type of biological nature of plants at the molecular (DNA)level. Genetic engineering based on the molecular biological techniques provided exciting opportunity to produce transgenic plants and mutant
lines with altered phenotypes and to better understanding the physiology, biochemistry of plants. Furthermore, much of knowledge how plantgrow and develop has been gained from research in genome area such as complete genome sequence Arabidopsis thaliana that is being usedworldwide as a model organism for basic and applied research in plant biology. Likewise, novel approaches such as express sequence tags,
genome sequencing and enhancing traditional strategies for woody plant research. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of tree
biotechnology and the areas currently being researched on biosynthesis of cell wall.

Report on 2002 TAPPPI Coating Conference-Recent Trend of Coating Technologies−
Akio Okagawa, Ph. D.
Noah Enterprise Limited

TAPPI 2002 Coating and Graphic Arts Conference and Trade Fair was held at Rosen Center in Orland, Florida on May 5 to 8, 2002. Morethan 600 people of paper industry and allied industry from all over the world attended the conference. This report summarizes the contents ofthe conference. Recent developments of non-impact coating such as curtain coating and spray coating are almost reality. It is the matter of time
we will see an actual installation near future. Further new technologies presented at the conference is dry coating using electrostatic force andthermo-mechanical treatment. Number of new developments on coating pigment, especially engineered type kaolin and calcium carbonate,latex binders and various chemicals to improve coating operation were also presented.

Techniques for analyzing paper properties by applying image processing to light transmission image
Tomohito Nakayama, Toshiharu Enomae and Fumihiko Onabe
Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences
Contact e-mail address: enomae@psl.fp.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Abstract
The pattern matching technique is applied to light transmission images to analyze paper properties and its versatility is demonstrated. A
prototype system developed for obtaining light transmission images consists of a CCD camera, diffuse illumination from the backside of a
specimen and software. In pattern matching, one of the two images to be compared is divided into small rectangular blocks. The other image issearched for a block with a similar pattern to one of the blocks of the first image taken as a template block while the block frame is moved pixel
for pixel. The similarity is judged based on the inner product of the two block images as a vector. Ten-fold interpolation with the highresolution bi-cubic spline interpolation function is successfully applied to estimate the deformation distribution with ten-fold precision. In-plane
distribution of tensile deformation is measured well even for paper with good formation. This technique is applied to in-plane distribution of
restraint drying shrinkage of wetted copy paper. When a paper specimen is set and constrained vertically, every block around the center of thespecimen totally shifted upward. It is because water moves downward by gravitational force, resulting in that the top part that dries and shrinks
earlier draws the fiber network mostly from the flexible wet part immediately below. Thermography proves the water movement as a portion of
low temperature due to absorption of evaporation heat remains to the last moment around the bottom part. On the contrary, when set
horizontally, the specimen does not exhibit any total shift in the restraint direction, but shows shrinkage only in CD as well as observed with thespecimen set vertically. For free drying of the copy paper, a flatbed image scanner was used to acquire images. The shrinkage tends to occur in acomplicated manner, distorted by mixture of CD and MD shrinkages.

Biobleaching of Kenaf and Shirakaba Pulps by Wood-rot Fungi
Yoshito Ohtani, Yoko Ohmae, Jareeya Yimrattanabovorn and Kazuhiko Sameshima
Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University
White rot fungi OM5-1 and KUF2 isolated from the experimental forest of Kochi University had high abilities to brighten the kenaf bark pulp
and the shirakaba pulp, respectively. Bleachabilities of both fungi were compared with those of standard fungi, i.e. Phanerochaetechrysosporium and Pleurotus ostreatus. Brightness increase of kenaf bark pulp by OM5-1 was much larger than that estimated from kappa
number decrease. The similar tendency was observed when the shirakaba kraft pulp was bleached by KUF2. Bleachability of kenaf core pulp byfungi was not similar to that of kenaf bark pulp, but to that of shirakaba pulp.
Cumulative activities of ligninolytic enzymes from each of above four fungi had linear relation to the pulp brightness increase obtained byeach fungus treatment. But, during later periods of treatment only the kenaf bark pulp showed higher brightness out of this linear relationship.
For kenaf bark pulp and shirakaba pulp, OM5-1 and KUF2 showed the highest pulp viscosities, respectively.
Keywords: kenaf bark pulp, kenaf core pulp, biobleaching, white-rot fungi, ligninolytic enzyme activity

2002 Dec JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL[Print]JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALVol. 56, No. 12
CONTENTS
Dec-02Finishing Technology Ⅰ
OptiLoad Calender -Multinip Calender-

Kei Iwanaga...(2)Systematic Approach Janus MK2

Eiji Ando...(6)Modern Winder Improvement

Michio Takahashi...(14)WINROLL Winder -Winding concepts and WINROLL winder-

Hitoshi Takii...(18)

Automatic Transfer System between Reel and Winder

Makoto Inohara...(24)-Try for Automatic between Reel and WinderSLITTING, The European Way

Dienes and Norbert Lanzerath...(29)-Latest Development in Slitting Technology and Dust Reduction- Rudolf SupeCurrent Situation of Fully Automatic Random Roll Wrapping Machine

Takeshi Ogasawara...(38)

Optima〈New Design Roll Wrapping System〉

Yasuhiko Shirokane...(44)

Logistic Information System for Pulp and Paper Industry

Junichi Ryuuzaki...(54)Operating Experience of Janus Calender to Yonago N-1Coater Machine

Akira Chikazawa...(61)Topics & Information
A Report on17th ISO/TC6Meeting

Takayuki Okayama, Tadashi Kano and Tetsuhisa Oishi...(67)Introduction of Research Laboratories(32)Lab. of Plant Fiber Materials, Dept. of Environmental and Natural Resource Science,...(74)

Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology(TUAT)
Research Report
HBS Pulping(4) -ECF Bleaching of HBS pulp and Thermo-Stabilization of HBS SolventsAorigele,Junko Kajimoto and Yoshihiro Sano...(78)
Elastic Deformation Analysis for Case(Square Tube)of Corrugated Fiberboard Box
Shape under Uniform Compression

Satoru Matsushima and Shigeo Matsushima...(85)

Pulp and Paper Mills in Japan (20)-Kishu Mill, Kishu Paper Co., Ltd.- Kishu Paper Co., Ltd.

...(94)

Committee report...(03)

Essay on Intellectual Property...(76)

Coffee break...(77)

Papyrus...(102)

Industry News(Domestic and International)...(108)

List of Titles in Foreign Journals Received by JAPAN TAPPI...(119)

List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication...(121)

Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District...(131)

Wholesale Price list of Papers at Tokyo Trade Center...(132)

Other Monthly Statistics...(134)

News from the Association...(136)

2002 Dec JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL[Print]JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALVol. 56, No. 12
December 2002 Abstracts

OptiLoad Calender-Multinip CalenderKei Iwanaga
Sumitomo Heavy Industries Techno-Fort Co., Ltd.
The OptiLoad multinip calender has been in the forefront of the new surface treatment technology. Launched in 1996, the OptiLoad has
become a synonym for the new generation multinip calender. The total number of all OptiLoad ordered is nearing forty, and the market,
especially for on-line applications, has only just opened up. There are clear reasons behind this success. OptiLoad contains many innovative
features, which have been specially developed to improve the efficiency and reliability of the new calender generation. Non-compromising
design criteria and thorough pilot testing have contributed to predictable start up curves and the avoidance of surprises, for example polymer
roll failure.
On-line technology has been the focal point of the OptiLoad development from the very beginning. On-line technology has proceeded fromnewsprint and SC paper to coated woodcontaining grades and finally also to coated woodfree grades. In fact, on-line technology has now been
applied to all major printing and writing paper grades.

Systematic Approach Janus MK2
Eiji Ando
Engineering Dept. Voith IHI Paper technology co., Ltd.
The supercalender is the reigning device to produce high quality paper with a long tradition. Development of softcalender around 1980
represented a step forward, however, the softcalender likewise failed to meet all quality demands. In this respect the supercalender remained
unchanged. In only five or six years, the Janus concept has in fact brought about a quantum leap in calender technology. This implementation
has definitely derived from the new cover and material technology. This article introduce the new development via the systematic approach andhow did it make up for the long stagnation in supercalender.

Modern Winder Improvement
Michio Takahashi
Jagenberg Co., Ltd., Voith Paper Group
According to the demands from the market, paper mills are forced to produce better quality rewound rolls day by day, for which winder
technology must be improved. Further, not only roll quality side but also size of shipping roll is becoming larger and larger due to printing
reason.
Under such a circumstance, Voith Paper Jagenberg GmbH improved single drum winder taking into consideration of the following importantfactors.
1) Rewound roll hardness control by center-winding. Individual rewound roll control ispossible.
2) Full automatic reel set changeIn order to reduce number of operator, full automatic reel set change is developed.
3) One man operation is possible.
4) During winding process, there is no influence on rewound roll quality by increasing rewound roll weight.
According to the improvements, Vari-Plus can run with the most suitable tension for the applied paper and winding most suitable rewind
torque for desired hardness. Therefore, we can expect less paper breakages and obtain exact required harness of roll.

WINROLL Winder− Winding concepts and WINROLL winder −Hitoshi Takii
Sumitomo Heavy Industries Techno-Fort Co., Ltd.
Increasing the size of rolls of rotogravure, LWC and newsprint, increasing the speed of printing press, and evolving of paper grades and paper
making processes require to match the capacity of winder to the paper machine operated with high speed.

Based on these demands, minimizing manual operating and increasing operation productivity, Metso developed the completely new multistation winder called "WINROLL". There are many automated functions such as "splicing at unwinding stand", "web threading", "corehandling" and "tail fastening", which make one-man operation possible.
The WINROLL winder is able to produce 10 ton and 4 meter width rolls by new technologies.

Automatic Transfer System between Reel and Winder−Try for Automatic between Reel and Winder−
Makoto Inohara
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.
Generally, after being made by paper machines and taken up by reels, jumbo rolls are taken out and transferred by cranes, and then supplied
to winders. In empty spools after paper is wound by the winder is removed. Thereafter, the empty spool is returned to the reel by cranes. For
the meanwhile, since the operation above requires manpower when using cranes, to eliminate such crane operation, automatic transfer systems
and labor saving between reels and winders have been sought-after.
In order to achieve this automatization, we delivered the "Automatic Transfer System between Reel and Winder" to Nippon Paper Industries
Co., Ltd. Yatsushiro Mill N-2 machine and Daishowa Paper manufacturing Co., Ltd. Yoshinaga Mill No. 14 machine, which realized unmannedtransferring of jumbo rolls and spools between reels and winders, resulting in reduction of the transferring time and improvement of safety
factor as the crane operation can be eliminated.
In order to meet the needs for speeding-up of the paper machines, we introduce double-winder arrangement to our Automatic Transfer System
between Reel and Winder for jumbo rolls. Simultaneously, we are aiming to totally automatize the transferring system of jumbo rolls between
reels and winders.

- SLITTING-The European way- Latest Development In Slitting Technology And Dust Reduction DIENES WERKE GmbH & Co. KG
President：Rudolf Supe-Dienes〇Vice President(Marketing Asia)：Norbert Lanzerath
DIENES WERKE GmbH Co.& KG developed some new systems for web cutting.
We introduce their systems, for example, Dienes Digital Measuring System, "ASPS",Anti-dust-surface (ADS). Furthermore we introduce
Dienesʼs cutting theory for best quality of cut edge and less paper dust.

Current Situation of Fully Automatic Random Roll Wrapping Machine
Takeshi Ogasawara
Finishing Machine Sales Engineerring, Kawanoe Zoki Co., Ltd.
The wrapping process, which is the ﬁnal ﬁnishing process for rolls (products), must meet the needs of a larger wrapping volume and a larger
variety of wrapping specifications than ever before. As production control in the entire plant becomes computerized, roll wrapping machines
also receive wrapping data on-line, paving the way for automatic wrapping to process a large volume and a large variety of specifications. Now
we have developed a roll wrapping machine that can process rolls produced by several paper machines, by increasing its wrapping capacity as
well as enabling it to follow a large variety of wrapping specifications.
This machine consists of a bar code reader, inkjet printer, wrapping machine, and labeler. Operation data for each part can be set or changed
easily through a touch panel. The operator training will be completed in a relatively short time.
This machine has demonstrated high reliability as equipment that plays an important role in the ﬁnal ﬁnishing process for rolls.

Optima＜New Design Roll Wrapping System＞
Yasuhiko Shirokane
Engineering Dept. Maruishi Co.,Ltd
With the increased speed and width of paper machines, larger paper rolls are produced for even faster printing machines. Corresponding tothese requests, each machinery manufacturer is trying to develop high-quality, full automatic and labor-saving winders for bigger paper rollswith good quality. Thus, for more stable and efficient production, the recent trend of the finishing line is one unified wrapping system optionalwith the diversity of wrapping forms for various paper rolls from several winders.

As a result, Maruishi-Saimatec newly-developed wrapping system, capacity over 150 rolls/hr. with only one operator, has become a realized
dream to paper mills around the world. This super productivity is achieved on account of on-line synthetic FA control, a robot system,
innovated index conveyors and so on.
We would like to introduce such new technologies jointly developed by Maruishi in alliance with Saimatec. In order to provide equipmentsthat meet the various needs of paper mills around the world, our technologies and innovations will go on.
In this article, Iʼd like to explain in details the rationalization concept and optimum features of "Optima-Multi roll Wrapping System",particularly about the "Robot Lap System", which is highly evaluated around the world.

Logistic Information System for Pulp and Paper Industry
Junichi Ryuuzaki
Information Solution Business Division, Yokogawa Electric Corporation
The information processing business on the pulp and paper industry is dramatically changing for recent few years. This remarkable progress
comes user request and vender proposal by using the latest IT technology with rapid development.
Thus, the purpose of logistic control system on the pulp and paper mill has changed from labor saving and partly-process optimization to allprocess or all-mill optimization. Therefore, the engineer required more rich experiences and extensive knowledge such as computer, process,plural vender control, etc. than before.
In this article is presenting the most eﬀectiveness logistic information system by using our recent delivery experience.

Operating Experience of Janus Calender to Yonago N-1 Coater Machine
Akira Chikazawa
Yonago Mill, Oji Paper Co.,Ltd.
Ｎ−1 Coater at Yonago mill, Oji Paper, has been in operation since September 1997. The Coater has two coating stations of 7,290mm
coating width, and the design coating speed is 1,600m/min, producing mainly 700tpd of woodfree coated paper.
Janus Calender from Voith Paper, Germany was installed following the coating section as an on-line supercalender for the ﬁrst time in theworld. The primary objective of having on-line supercalender at the coater was to reduce the initial investment and maintenance costs, toachieve higher personnel productivity, and to produce coated paper of better quality. This article introduces the latest operating experience of
N-1 coater and Janus Calender.

A Report on 17th ISO/TC6 Meeting
Takayuki Okayama*, Tadashi Kano** and Tetsuhisa Oishi
Pulp and Paper Testing Committee, JAPAN TAPPI*Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology**Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd.
ISO/TC6 held a meeting on June 10-14 in Paris. Two Sub Committees and thirteen Working Groups also met during the week of the
ISO/TC6 meetings. Seventy-five delegates representing seventeen countries attended the meeting of TC6.
A new work item for the measurement of ﬁbre coarseness will be carried out within TC6/SC5/WG18, which was renamed "Fibre properties".
TC6/SC2/WG29 "Thickness, density and specific volume" was reconstituted for the revision of ISO 534. WG30 "Tensile properties" andWG31 "Edge quality of cut-size office paper" were also established within TC6/SC2.
TC6/SC2/WG25 is in progress of formalizing the appointment of Messmer and Lorentzen & Wettre as Standardizing Laboratories for thecalibration of print-surf dummy heads according the requirements in ISO 4094.
At the plenary meeting of ISO/TC6, it was announced that the next meeting would be held in Tokyo from November 3-8, 2003.

HBS pulping (4)- ECF Bleaching of HBS pulp and Thermo-stabilization of HBS SolventsAorigele, Junko Kajimoto and Yoshihiro Sano
Laboratory of Wood Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University,

Todomatsu (Abies sachalinensis Mast.) chips as softwood gaveT-pulp with a Klason lignin (KL) content of 5.6% and a viscosity degree of
21.5 cP at a yield of 50.3% by HBS pulping with a mixture of 70% aqueous R-1,3- and 1,4-butanediol (as RHBS shown in Fig. 1) at 210℃ for 3
h. Birch (Betula platpylla var. japonica Hara) chips were cooked with 80% RHBS at 180℃ for 3 h to give B-pulp with a KL content of 5.0% anda viscosity degree of 43.4 cP at a yield of 54.3%. Chinese reed gave R-pulp with KL and ash contents of 2.5 and 6.3% in a yield of 48.7%, whencooked with 80% RHBS at 200℃ for 2 h. B- and R- pulps were fully bleached by ECF sequence with OD, and T-pulp with ODEPP. BleachedB- and T-pulps had TI of 12.4 and 17.6 mN・m2/g, indicating that TI of HBS pulp was remarkably improved by ECF bleaching. Seventy and
80% aqueous HBS such as 1,3- and 1,4-butanediol, propylene glycol and 1,5-pentanediol were quantitatively recovered on heating at 190℃ for
2 h, so they can be reused repeatedly as pulping solvents without distillation for purification and also with a little loss.
Keywords: HBS pulping, high boiling solvent, wood, reed, ECF bleaching,save-energy pulping process

Elastic Deformation Analysis for Case (Square Tube) of Corrugated Fiberboard Box Shape under Uniform Compression
Satoru Matsushima
Guest Professor, Center for Corporative Research and Development, Ehime University
Shigeo Matsushima
Professor Emeritus, Ehime University
A formulation of elastic deformation was expressed for side plates in the case (width L/height h=1/2~2) of the corrugated ﬁberboard box
shape (CFBS) supported by upper and lower edges under uniform compression loading. Then from this formulation, behaviors for stress andstrain were discussed.
Normal stresses σｘ, σｙ and strains εｘ ,εｙ in width and height directions for the plate are symmetric to center lines of the width andthe height, and shear stress τｘｙ is anti-symmetric. And εｘ is mainly plus and εｙ is minus, and the maximum of εｘ is in upper andlower edges and the maximum of ・εｙ・ is at distance L/7 from the upper or the lower edge in side edges. The maximum value of εｘ isabout 10％ to the maximum value of ・εｙ．The maximum of ・σｘ・ is constant to increases of L and h, and the maximum of ・σｙ・
increases a small with L increase and decreases a small with h increase．The maximum of ・τｘｙ・ decreases obviously with L increase andincreases obviously with h increase． The maximum of εｘ ﬁrst increases a small and next decreases obviously with L increase, and ﬁrst
increases obviously and next decreases obviously with h increase. The change of the maximum of ・εｙ・ is a small to changes of L and h．
Key Words：Computational Mechanics, Structure Analysis, Elastic Bending, Strength of Corrugated Fiberboard Box, Elastic Stress Analysis,
Structure Strength, Numerical Analysis