国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

On the Operation of Space
Weather in CMA

XiaoXin Zhang，Dan Du
National Center for Space Weather
China Meteorological Administration

国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

Outline
1. About NCSW in China
2. Space Weather Activities in CMA
3. Related Activities in WMO
4. Summary2

国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

1. About NCSW in China
China has acknowledged that space weather, as well as theweather and climate, should be an integral part of importantguarantee for the further harmonious development of society.
 The National Center for Space Weather (NCSW) wasestablished in 2002 and assigned to the National Satellite
Meteorology Center of CMA; NCSW acts as the national center authorized by the NationalCouncil, to carry out the space weather operations; NCSW started to provide space weather

services on July 1, 2004

products and国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

National Center for Space Weather (NCSW)
China Meteorological Administration

CMANCSW
National Center for Space Weather

NSMC
National Satellite Meteorological Center

One institute,
two names4

国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

NCSW space weather operation is an essential part of theChina meteorology

Missions of NCSW to meet the demands for space weather services in responding tospace weather hazards for sustainable development of China, and tomake national surveys and assessments on space weather hazards;

 to coordinate inter-departments strengths, to plan national space
weather monitoring layout, and to optimize operational deployment ofresources;
 to steer development of the space weather and relevant disciplines,
and to promote advances of scientific & technological productivity;
 to increase international recognition of China’s role in this field, andto make contribution to peaceful utilization of the space.

国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

Outlook of National Center for Space Weather

Welcome to visit our Center
when you visit Beijing !

国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space WeatherOutline
1. About NCSW in China

2. Space Weather Activities in CMA
3. Related Activities in WMO
4. Summary7

国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

2.1 Space-based Observations
The FY meteorological satellites have become the ideal platform
for space weather observations and are critical forDeveloping, driving, and validating space weather models,Operations and Services.
Understanding of the solar activities and Geosapce environments.

I. LEO Satellites

FY-1（D）
FY-3（A)
FY-3（B）
FY-3（C）
FY-3（D）
FY-3（E）…

II. GEO Satellites


FY-2（C）
FY-2（D）
FY-2（E）
FY-2（F）
FY-2 （G、H）
FY-4 （A）…
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国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

Current SWx Sensors : FY-1/FY-3
FY-1（D）& FY-3（A/B)
Energetic particle detectors

SEM UnitsHigh energy particle detector
Single-events-upsets monitor
Surface charging detector
Radiation environment monitor

FY-2（D/E/F, C still there, ）Space Environment Monitors electrons
 protons
 heavy particles
 X-ray flux Monitor

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国家空间天气监测预警中心
Spwx monitor
andanalyticsystem
National Center for Space Weather

FY-1D High energy Particle
Monitoring

FY-2 High energy Particle
Monitoring国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

FY-3A/B Satellites: Operation and products
electronProtonOperation
SystemMonitoring
Products11

国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

Ground-based SensorsSolar activities–––

Solar optical telescope (2010)
Solar radio telescope (2011)
Solar magnetic field telescope (2012)

Upper atmospheric and ionospheric phenomena––––––

5 Ionosonde stations (2010)
4 Scintillation stations (2010)
4 Riometer stations (2010)
1 MF Radar (2012)
1 Optical FPI (2012)
1 Mobile Ionosonder (2012))

Metereorological Monitoring anddisaster Forecasting Project12

国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

Based on the successful implementation of “MeridianProject” and “Meteorological Monitoring and Disaster
Forecasting Project”, a ground-based space weather
monitoring network has been set up.


We continue to conduct a systematicinvestigation on the solar, upper atmosphericand ionospheric activities in CMA.

More than 500 GPS/MET stations in CMA are
available now for routine TEC map product.

国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

Metereorological Monitoring anddisaster Forecasting Project14

国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather



Meridian Project (Meridian Circle Program)– A Chinese multi-station chain of 8 different types ofinstruments (95 stations) along 120ºE.
– A chain of stations is also being constructed roughly
following 30°N, spanning from Lhasa to Shanghai.
• magnetometers,• traditional and digital ionosondes,• incoherent scatter radars, high-frequency backscatterradars,mesospheres-stratosphere-troposphere radars,meteor radars, lidar (light detection and ranging),• Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPI)• aurora spectrographs.

60°W

120°E

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国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

Ground-based Sensors (cont.)GPS/MET network– TEC data (maps) over China from more than 500 GPS/MET stations
are available now for routine operation in CMA. In near future (by 2015),
the number of GPS stations will increase to about 2500 stations.
55
50
45

latitude

40
35
30
25
20
15
70

80

90

100
110
longitude120130140

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国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

Ground-based Sensors (cont.)

FY-based Scintillation Receivers– Scintillation Receivers, based on FY remote signal were developed formonitoring scintillation events along the communication link between
satellite and ground station (operation in CMA).

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国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

Solar activities

FY orbit Environments

Ionosonders

FY-3 Charging

Scintillation Receivers

GPS/MET TEC
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国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

2.2 Operational Products and Services
Forecast type

Forecast time

Operation productsLong term

A yearSolar activity index

Mid-term

A monthSolar activity index
Solar activity indices

Short term

1-3 days

Geomagneticactivities
Ionospheric weather

Solar activities
Warning

Severalminutes to 3days

EventsSolar F10.7cm flux
Monthly Solar Spot Number
Solar F10.7cm flux
SSN、F10.7cm flux、flares、SPE、CME

Storm、Ap index、Dst index
Ionospheric background, disturbances, storms、
scintillations etc.

Solar flares、SPE、CME

Geomagnetic activity

Geomagnetic storms

Ionospheric weather

Ionospheric storm、disturbances、
Scintillations

Solar activities
NowcastYearly Solar Spot Number

Geomagnetic activity

Ionospheric weather

Solar flares、SPE、CME
Geomagnetic storms

Ionospheric storm、disturbances、

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国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

Products and Services in CMANCSW currently delivers 3 categories of space weather
monitoring,forecasting and services products to users throughhard-copy bulletins, internet,cell phone, e-mail, special column of
the China Meteorological Newspaper, and TV, etc.
The space weather services are distributed widely tosupport the China's Shenzhou spaceship, and lunar exploration
program, Beidou system, state grid, etc.
20

国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

Space Weather forecast Symbols & Classfication（V1.0）

Solar activity indicatorGeomagnetic activity IndicatorGEO Orbit radiation Level

Ionospheric communications Level国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

2.3 Application-oriented Research and Technology
Being an important component of the space weather
operations, the application-oriented research and relevant
technology development have shown distinctive operationalfeatures.
24th Solar Cycle Prediction Space debris Alerting System SAA warning System国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

2.3 Research and modeling (a)A new 3-D asymmetric magnetopuase model

Lin, R. L., X. X. Zhang, S. Q. Liu, et.al., J. Geophys. Res., 115, A04207, 201023国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

2.3 Research and modeling (b)Moon-based plasmasphere image simulation

He, F., X. X. Zhang, B. Chen, et al., J. Geophys. Res., 116, A11203, 201124

国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

2.4 further projects
 FY-3 02 (C/D/E/F): New Payloads (2012-2018)
 Ionospheric Photometer (IPM) Wide-angle Aurora Imager (WAI) GNSS Occultation Sounder (GNOS)
UVLight25

国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

FY-4 : New Payloads (2014-2015)
 Geomagnetic field detector: FGM
 Solar X-ray & EUV Imager (SXEI)Solar Flare CME Coronal Hole26

国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space WeatherSpecial operational satellites

for ionospheric weatherWith the dawn-dusk polar orbit of 8001500 km, the satellite could get theionospheric images and solar activities(Sun-synchronous obit -> FY-3)
The equator satellite is in low Earth orbit
300-800 km and could in-situ monitor
the small scale structure of ionosphere.

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国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

Space weather Virtual Constellation

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国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

Outline
1. About NCSW in China
2. Space Weather Activities in CMA

3. Related Activities in WMO
4. Summary29

国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

 Space Weather activities in WMO
 Executive Council endorsed principle of WMO activities insupport of Space weather
 In May 2010, the Inter-programme Coordination team on
Space Weather (ICTSW) was established, with focus on:– Harmonizing observations– Exchange of data and products through the WMO Information
System– Definition of products, warning procedures– Linkage between research and operational communities

Cooperation with ICAO, IMO, ITU, ISES, OOSA/COPUOS etc.

国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

Inter-Programme Coordination Teamfor Space Weather (last update 25 July 2012)- Australia – Phil Wilkinson- Japan – Ken Murata- Belgium – Ronald Van der Linden- Pakistan – Muhammad Ayaz Amin
- Brazil – Clezio Marcos De Nardin- South Africa – Lee-Anne McKinnel- Canada – Larisa Trichtchenko- South Korea- China (Co-chair) – Xiaoxin Zhang- Switzerland – Werner Schmutz- Colombia – Jaime Villalobos Velasco- Russian Federation – Vyacheslav Burov- Ethiopia – Yitaktu Tesfatsion- United Kingdom – David Jackson- Finland – Kirsti Kauristie- United States (Co-chair) – Terry Onsager,- France – Nicole Vilmer
Jim Head, Joe Davila, Kelly Hand
- Germany – Norbert Jakowski- European Commission - Joint Research Centre – Elisabeth Krausmann- European Space Agency – Alain Hilgers- International Civil Aviation Organization – R. Romero- International Space Environment Service – David Boteler- International Telecommunication Union – Sergio Buonomo- UN Office of Outer Space Affairs – Hans Haubold- WMO – Jerome Lafeuille国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

 Variables measured in space weather Area
 Ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC), foEs, foF2, h'F, hmF2,
Ionospheric plasma velocity, Ionospheric Radio Absorption,Ionospheric Scintillation (S4 and Sigma Phi), Spread F (h'P); Proton flux density energy spectrum, Heavy ion flux density
energy and mass spectrum, Cosmic ray neutron flux density,
Electron flux density energy spectrum, Vector magnetic field;

 Interplanetary magnetic field, Solar wind density, Solar windtemperature, Solar wind velocity;
 Solar X-ray flux, Solar EUV flux, Solar X-ray image, Solar EUVimage, Heliospheric image, Solar CaII-K image, Solar H-alphaimage, Solar magnetic field, Solar radio emission, Solar whitelight image, Wide-angle solar corona image.

国家空间天气监测预警中心
All requirementsin Space Weather
National Center for Space Weather

国家空间天气监测预警中心
 SpaceWeather Product Portal
National Center for Space Weather

国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather* Coordination with ICAO: Review** Observing Gap Analysis: Review

国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

CMA-NOAAThe Joint Working Group meeting (JWG-17) between the CMAand NOAA.

Focusing on: Data exchange and Instrument calibration in spaceweather activities36

国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

 Cooperation on Space Weather in CMA
Domestic

The“Special Fund for Meteorological Research in thePublic Interest” led by CMA has become the moststable financial support for space weather operations.
International

NCSW get actively involved in the activities of theInternational Space Environment Services (ISES), theInter-programme Coordination Team for Space
Weather (ICTSW),etc.
NCSW is devoted to seek more collaborative
opportunities on space weather data exchange,
products and services, and quality assessments
between CMA and other space agencies, such as,
NOAA and CSA.
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国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

Outline
1. About NCSW in China
2. Space Weather Activities in CMA
3. Related Activities in WMO

4. Summary38

国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

4. SummaryChina has acknowledged that space weather, as thenatural extension of meteorology, should be an
integral component of “weather”;

NCSW continue to develop the space weather
observing facilities to monitor and forecast for space
weather hazards;

Space weather activities span national boundaries,
and need the effective international cooperation andalso need endorsing WMO participation.

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国家空间天气监测预警中心
National Center for Space Weather

Thanks !

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