JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALCONTENTS

1

January 2021

Vol. 75, No. 1

The Special Issue of the 63rd―2020 JAPAN TAPPI Annual Meeting
6

Technical Report

Message from the President

The 63rd―2020 JAPAN TAPPI Annual Meeting“Challenges to the next generation of the Pulp and Paper Industry―Innovation of biomass
technology will lead to the future”……Fumio Shindo

27 “FabriKeeper”, The Solution to Dryer Fabric Deposition, which Combines DSP
and Cleaning Technology……Hiroshi Sekiya and Tomohiko Nagatsuka
34 High-Performance of Non-Stick DryOnyxH Coating That Can be Applied
Onsite―Introduction of Achievements at Japanese Paper Mills―
……Kimiaki Iwane, Noriyuki Yasuo and Daisuke Inoue

40 Utilization Method and Practice Example of Online Hygiene Education as an
Alternative to Collective Education……Risa Kamiya
45 ABB’s After-Service for Perfect Testing of Pulp & Paper and for Sustainable
R&D―Service and Solution for L&W Testing and Analyzing Instruments―……Ryo Yamashita

51 Remote Service by Valmet……Yoshiyuki Hirano
55 Benefits of Implementing Advance Process Control Technology Using MACS in
Pulp & Paper Making Processes……Guy Normandeau, Michael Doucet, Akhlesh Mathur, Yuji Nishino and Nozomu Wada64

New Type Turbo Blower Saves Energy ＆ Stable Operation With IoT―Air Foil Bearing Variable Speed Single Stage Turbo Blower TurboMAX―
……Go Kawazu and Tsuyoshi Masuda

Topics & Information
69 An Essay on Methodology for Innovating “JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL”
Part 9：A New Normal State in the Post-Corona Age and “JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL” ……Fumihiko Onabe

03
72
73

Committee report
Coffee break
Papyrus

79
82
92
93
95

Industry News（Domestic and International）
List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication
Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District
Other Monthly Statistics
News from the Association

2021 January JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL
Vol.75, No.1 Abstracts“FabriKeeper”, the solution to Dryer Fabric Deposition, which combines DSP and cleaning technology
Hiroshi Sekiya
President MAINTECH CO., LTD
Tomohiko Nagatsuka
System Development Team, Fuji Technology Development Center

MAINTECH CO., LTD

Maintech’s Dryer Section Passivation (or DSP) has been introduced on 99% of paperboard productionin Japan, and over 750 units of our chemical spraying equipment, MistRunner🄬 and ShowerRunner🄬
are operating across the world. In the field of recycled papermaking, the use of low-grade wastepaper
leads to increased deposits on paper machines, causing defects, sheet breaks and machine speed
limitation, therefore more effective measures are needed / need to be taken. In addition, it is dangerous
for workers to check the dryer fabric condition inside the dryer hood under high temperature andhumidity conditions to take measures against deposits. Thus, we notice the progress of deposits after
increasing defects and sheet breaks.
Therefore, we have developed the innovative solution for preventing defects and sheet breaks bycombining dryer fabric passivation and cleaning technology, “FabriKeeper🄬” with deposit monitoringand quantification, “SmartDepo.🄬”. We have successfully introduced these solutions to paper machines
across Japan / across the world.

High-Performance of Non-Stick DryOnyxH coating that can be applied onsite.
- Introduction of achievements at Japanese paper mills Kimiaki Iwane
Sales headquarters, Tocalo Co.,Ltd
Noriyuki Yasuo
Tokyo plant, Tocalo Co.,Ltd
Daisuke Inoue
Overseas Business Division, Tocalo Co.,Ltd
In 2015, Tocalo Co.,Ltd. started on-site coating applications of DryOnyx H(hereafter called “DOH”),
a release coating for dryer cylinders of paper machines licensed from Valmet Corporation, Finland, forJapanese paper manufacturers after closing a license agreement with the company in 2014 August.
Valmet’s DOH represents a package of unique technologies for coating formation that is highly
recognized and used by paper manufacturers around the globe and is a successor, with improved features,to DryOnyx Z. The number of cylinders coated with DOH tops 600 as of 2020 April. Its functional coating
surface has proved excellent releasing and non-stick properties for doctored dryer cylinders, contributing
to drastic productivity improvements in papermaking processes.
One of the biggest advantages of DOH is its short time requirement realized by the on-site application,
which eliminates the needs for removing large cylinders from the line and transportation to the coating
facility as required in conventional release coatings. Low temperature cured paints andpolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fluoropolymer sheets are known as conventional on-site solutions fordryer cylinders, however, only few examples of actual use are found due to quality and short service life
from their low durability to doctor blades. DOH is on-site coating technology designed to provide
solutions for these challenges and now meets customers' expectations for shorter process time and longer
service life.
During 5 year period from September 2015 to the June of 2020, Twenty eight cylinders have been
applied with DOH, and We are increasing application to canvas rolls that have similar rust and dust
problems in the dry part. In this paper, the basic characteristics and coating processes of DOH alongwith its performance are reported.

Utilization method and practice example of online hygiene education as an alternative to collective education
Risa Kamiya
Sales Promotion Division, Ikari Shodoku Co.,Ltd
In recent years, consumers have become more conscious of foreign substances contamination in foods,
and in particular, the contamination caused by pests such as insects and rodents tends to be a big
problem due to the concern of hygiene and appearance. In order for companies to thoroughly manage
pest control, education of employees is an important issue.
In response to a request from a major food company, we have begun to provide the educational andlearning service "Ikari Smart Campus" through online hygiene education. Online hygiene education isa learning management system that can be accessed through the internet by various of devices such as
computers, smartphones and tablets. The strength of e-learning is that you can take the courses anytime,
anywhere and any number of times. All of the teaching materials provided by us are original, and byusing abundant photographs and illustrations, we encourage students to take the course "as many times
as possible" and hope that their knowledge will be firmly established.
Education is an indispensable effort for any company. Online hygiene education is an educational toolthat is in high demand because it can be carried out easily even at the times when the implementationof group training is difficult, considering the recent situation. We need to regularly add new teachingmaterials and aim to enhance the service so that "Ikari Smart Campus" can be used by many companies
as a new educational method.

ABB's After-Service for Perfect Testing of Pulp & Paper and for Sustainable R&D- Service and Solution for L&W Testing and Analyzing Instruments Ryo Yamashita
Pulp & Paper Group, Industrial Automation Business Area, ABB K.K.
The customer often has questions. “Can you trust the result?” “How is the accuracy?” Regarding
measurement, many guidelines are given in various measurement standards (JIS, ISO etc), and themeasurement device and measurement procedure are specified therein. ABB, we aim to not only comply
with the standard, but also share the value beyond that with our users.
For ABB's after-sales service, our specialized engineers share our worldwide knowledgebase, experienceof maintenance, inspection, service, calibration and etc. that have been carried out for decades throughour own network, and provide high quality service.
Since instrument always deteriorates, regular service and calibration are required to maintain highaccuracy of instrument. Our company proposes and provides some service to maintain the accuracy of
the instrument by updating the software, such as maintaining the accuracy of the instrument byconcluding a Preventive maintenance agreement (PMA). The contracted user not only obtains reliable
results, but also expects to budget for maintenance costs, and further extends the life of the instrument.
We propose and provide the upgrade of our instrument, which is updated year by year, to the desired
users. The advantages of updating the old model and measuring with new hardware and software are
great. As for whether to acquire a new measuring instrument or to extend the life of the old model by
maintenance, we would like to consult with the user separately and mutually propose the most rational
method.
ABB's products and services are said to be of very high quality, which means that users trust our
product and ultimately win-win profits. Our company think that high quality service is not somethingthat can be obtained naturally, and that new expertise and management in various ways suited to thetimes are always needed.
Remote Service by Valmet
Yoshiyuki Hirano
Valmet K.K
The main target of Remote services is to continuously improve mill efficiency by improving process
performance and by supporting mill operations in their daily tasks.
Valmet offers various solution methods to solve these problems, and we will share innovative ideas
with customers and bring them to market. Providing applications that contribute to satisfaction bycontinuously grasping technological innovations that change with the times.

Benefits of implementing Advance Process Control technology
using MACS in Pulp & Paper Making Processes

Guy Normandeau, Michael Doucet
Global Solutions Manager, BTG, USA

Akhlesh Mathur
ASPAC Fiber Segment Lead & SEA Sales Director, BTG Group, Singapore
Process Control Engineer, BTG, USA

Yuji Nishino, Nozomu Wada
Voith Turbo Co., Ltd. BTG Japan

An optimum process control requires manipulation of multiple MV’s (manipulated variables), FF’s (Feed Forward
variables) and constraints matrix to achieve multiple CV (control variables) to remain in desired operating limits. It
is extremely challenging to optimize each of the controlled variables to maintain the process close to required quality
targets. While it is of utmost importance to have the field instruments, sensors and regulatory controls functioning
accurately it is practically impossible for operators to manually optimize the process. For example, in a bleach plant,
it is challenging to achieve final pulp brightness at minimal cost continuously using regulatory controls due to thecomplex multivariant nature of the process and the lengthy time delays introduced by dead times from Bleach
towers. To overcome this challenge, Multivariable Advanced Control System (MACS), a proven advanced nonlinear
control platform, has successfully been implemented resulting in large savings to mills. MACS uses dynamic processmodels to account for the effect of process disturbances on downstream pulp or paper properties and manipulates
the chemical charges for instance to compensate for these disturbances. MACS corrects for unmeasured
disturbances via feedback control, and accounts for varying process delays and non-linear process response curves
via real time model adaptation.
Utilizing a model predictive control solution coupled with an optimizer allows for optimization of the individual
unit operations as well as a coordinated optimization between different departments. This is especially critical when
considering the changing objectives from a facility which can range from production maximization requiring theminimization of bottlenecks to an objective of minimizing overall production costs. In most facilities there will be abalance between these two objectives that will continuously be changing based on the current market demands andoperational costs.
We are now seeing the adaptation of these solutions by the P&P industry as single unit optimizations as well as
entire process optimizations. MACS can be implemented in all unit operations from wood handling through to paper
finishing as well as the utility areas.
This paper highlights some industrial case studies of implementing MACS solution to key unit operations in a
Kraft process – Digester, Bleach Plant, Evaporators, Recovery Boiler, Recaust and Lime Kiln. The objective and thecontrol strategies could be different for different unit operations, but the basic concept of developing mathematicalcorrelations between MV’s, CV’s, FF’s and constraints are developed to predict the future behavior of the process.
MACS Models provide new process setpoints to remain within target process conditions. MACS can manage 100’sof variables at the same time respecting all the operating targets while maintaining the process at the lowest costpoint.
New Type Turbo Blower Saves Energy ＆ Stable Operation With IoT―Air foil bearing Variable speed Single stage Turbo blower TurboMAX―
Go Kawazu
Design Department Ono Plant Fluid Division, ShinMaywa Industries, Ltd.
Tsuyoshi Masuda
Fluid Division, ShinMaywa Industries, Ltd.
In this paper I would like to introduce the advantages and technologies of TurboMAX turbo blower.
TurboMAX turbo blower consists of superior technologies like air-foil bearing, permanent magnet
synchronous motor, high efficiency impeller, high speed control technique and so on. As for the overall
structure, blower, motor, inverter, touch panel controller and blow off valve are installed in one enclosure.
This is a new style turbo blower called “air foil bearing-variable speed-single stage turbo blower”.
Compare to the conventional blowers, TurboMAX turbo blower has many advantages in “Savingenergy”“Low noise and vibration”“Saving maintenance cost”“Space-saving and lightweight”. Especially,
compare to the conventional root blowers, TurboMAX turbo blower can reduce power consumption by
20% on average.
As global warming is serious issue around the world now, reducing the power consumption is required
to all industries regardless of its type and scale. Especially for paper industry which uses and disposes alarge amount of water, reducing the cost for waste water treatment is a big challenge. In the process ofwaste water treatment, aeration blower's power consumption makes up the large proportion, andaeration blower usually runs for 24 hours every day. So, high efficiency aeration blower can contribute tothe cost reduction of waste water treatment significantly.
In the latter half of this paper, I introduce an actual case of replacing 2 root blowers with 1 turbo blower(MAX100) at municipal sewage-treatment plant for the field trial. As the result, we could confirm 25%
energy saving, 16dB noise reduction, 25μm vibration reduction, and 6℃ blower room’s temperature
reduction.
ShinMaywa Industries, Ltd. launched TurboMAX turbo blower since 2012 in Japan, and some blowers
have been delivered to paper factories. As for paper factory, we have delivered blowers to 8 paper factories
so far and 12 blowers are in operation now. Especially, one of these blowers are used for flotator which isused in the deinking process during manufacturing recycled paper from used paper, and we confirmed
TurboMAX turbo blower can reduce power consumption in non-aeration use too. I expect TurboMAX
turbo blower can reduce the power consumption in many other uses too. I hope TurboMAX turbo blower
contributes to the energy saving in many fields and it leads to the reduction of environmental burden of
the globe.
An Essay on Methodology for Innovating “JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL”
Part 9: A New Normal State in the Post-Corona Age and “JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL”
Fumihiko Onabe
Professor Emeritus,The University of Tokyo(Paper Science)
Abstract
Pandemic coronavirus Covid-19 has immense amount of potential energies to change from a daily
normal state to a newly emerged “New Normal State” through human societies and business worlds.
To cope with these crises, a variety of countermeasures are proposed so far.
The ninth article of this series is intended to foresee the structural change of human society andbusiness world with particular attentions on paper-related areas: i.e.
Japanese paper industry, Japan TAPPI, and Japan TAPPI journal. The overall contents are described
as below.
1. Introduction
2. Corona disaster as stressor on human being
3. Normal State and New Normal State
4. New Normal State : reversible or irreversible
5. Normal and New Normal States for paper industry
6. Normal and New Normal States for the Japan Tappi
7. Personal experiences from the attendance of the Online-type Annual Meeting of Japan Tappi
8. Information gathering and human five senses
9. A cognitive science viewpoint on the comparison between on-site attendance and online attendance
10. Problems proposed through corona disasters to the Japan TAPPI JOURNAL
11. Epiloguen

JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALCONTENTS

2

February 2021

Vol. 75, No. 2

CNF
1 Commercialization and Application Development of Nanoforest……Sohei Hagiwara
7 Development of Xanthated Cellulose Nanofiber―Approach for Practical Application―……Tomoyuki Nakatsubo

11
15
20

Cellulose Material Fused with Nano/Micro Fiber……Keiichi Nakamata
Cellulose Nanofiber Prepared by Phosphorylation and its Utilization……Mio Yamanaka

Contribution to Environmental Issues by Structural Materials Utilizing CNF―A Report of NEDO Project and Our Effort to CNF Reinforced Resin Composites―……Takashi Date

Topics & Information

29
33
39
44

Next-Generation Quality Control with the Latest Finnish Measuring Equipment……Yohei Suzuki

Effective Management for Seal Water in Pulp and Paper Mills―Stable Operation and Environmental Load Reduction―……Daisuke Tsuchiya

Maintenance about Continuous Digester Vessel（Pressure Vessel）……Fumio Takayasu

Revolutions in the History of Civilization Induced by Paper

Part 1：The Arrival of Paper to Japan……Kiyoaki Iida

Introduction of Research Laboratories（137）52

Laboratory of functional biomolecules（Nakamura Lab）
, Department of AppliedLife Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University

Research Report（Original Paper）

55

Kraft Cooking with Teak Wood Extract and Determining Residual
2-Methylanthraquinone in Eucalyptus Pulp……Yulia Anita, Agusta Samodra Putra,
Keishi Tanifuji, Akiko Nakagawa‒Izumi, Hiroshi Ohi and Evelyn Evelyn

Pulp and Paper Mills in Japan
（88）

76

Kishu Mill, Hokuetsu Corporation

03
51
54
81

Committee report
Essay on Intellectual Property
Coffee break
Papyrus

88
92
101
102
104

Industry News（Domestic and International）
List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication
Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District
Other Monthly Statistics
News from the Association

2020 February JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL
Vol.75, No.2 Abstracts

Commercialization and application development of nanoforest
Sohei Hagiwara
Research & Development, Chuetsu Pulp & Paper Co., Ltd
The cellulose nanofiber (CNF) which is produced by the Aqueous Counter Collision (ACC) method andnamed as “nanoforest” is suggested to have an amphiphilic fiber surface expressing high affinities for
not only water but also oils in addition to general characteristics of CNFs such as light weight, highstrength, and low linear thermal expansion．"
This article explains the manufacturing methods and characteristics of nanoforest and thecommercialization of nanoforest．
As for the activities of the commercialization, the sample provision is carried out, and the examinationis advanced in various fields．
On CNF composite material, the problem became clear in carrying out the sample work, andcountermeasures and new development are advanced．
Moreover, this article introduces an outline of the construction of pilot plants for a production of highfunctioning CNFs, which was released in May 2019, and the products of those new plants.

Development of Xanthated Cellulose Nanofiber-Approach for practical applicationTomoyuki Nakatsubo
Central Laboratory, Rengo co., Ltd.
Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) is produced by fibrillating pulp to the nano-sized fibrils either through chemical
or mechanical processes. It possesses interesting properties, such as high strength, high elastic modules, lowthermal expansion, and thixotropy of the suspension. For these properties, it can be used for various
applications, and is drawing great attention in recent years as a promising next-generation material.
Our company, Rengo, has been manufacturing cellophane from pulp for many years. Since cellulose
xanthate, an intermediate product in the production process, is an anionic cellulose derivative, we tried tomake CNF using this intermediate. We found that xanthated cellulose nanofiber (XCNF) with a diameter ofabout 3-10 nm can be generated efficiently. Such obtained XCNF can be easily converted (regenerated) to anon-substituted cellulose nanofiber (RCNF) form by treating XCNF with either heat or acid(1).
In this presentation, we reports the physical properties of RCNF for practical application.
First, viscosity characteristics of RCNF was investigated. The viscosity of RCNF slurries with different
concentrations (0.02～1.0%) was measured and it was confirmed that the viscosity of RCNF slurry was higher
than that of hydroxyethyl cellulose in the high concentration region. Further, it was confirmed that the highviscosity was maintained even in the presence of salt and the temperature dependence was low. This suggeststhat RCNF is useful as a thickener.
Next, emulsifying ability of RCNF was examined. RCNF slurry was mixed with some oily substances andthe emulsification performance of RCNF was investigated. RCNF exhibited emulsification performance formany oily substances. Furthermore, it was found that the emulsifying performance was sufficiently exhibitedat a low concentration such as 0.5%. This means that RCNF is also useful as an emulsifier.
As the other features, RCNF shows the dispersion stability of the fine powder such as calcium carbonate,
and can be dispersed in organic solvents.
From the above results, RCNF is expected to be used in a wide range of applications.

Cellulose Material Fused with Nano/Micro Fiber
Keiichi Nakamata
Nobel Material Development Office, Hokuetsu Corporation
Vulcanized fiber is an all-cellulose material made from cotton and wood pulp. This material was invented
in the United Kingdom in the middle of the 19th century, and was used in Edison's numerous inventions due
to its excellent characteristics such as impact resistance and electrical insulation. Recent research revealed
the reason for the strength of the vulcanized fiber. Cellulose fibers are chemically defibrillated to form a
network of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) with a diameter of several nm to several tens of nm, and this CNF
network shrinks and binds tightly. when water is removed during the drying process. The vulcanized fiber
has revived in the present age when cellulose nanomaterials are drawing much attention, leading to new
developments that combine with carbon fibers.

Cellulose Nanofiber Prepared by Phosphorylation and its Utilization
Mio Yamanaka
Innovation Promotion Division, Oji Holdings Corporation
Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are obtained from wood pulp by isolating crystalline microfibrils in whichmolecular chains of cellulose are regularly arranged. Since CNF is not only a sustainable natural
resource but also has unique features, its multifaceted utilization is expected. By subjecting softwood
bleached kraft pulp to phosphorylation and then mechanical treatment, the CNFs with phosphategroups on their crystal surface could individually be dispersed in water. The dispersion had uniquerheological properties, and the phosphate groups provided stability in a wide pH range to the dispersion.
The aqueous dispersion of phosphorylated CNF was commercialized as a thickening and dispersing
agent for cosmetics, taking advantage of its high transparency, high viscosity and high dispersant ability.
In addition, phosphorylated CNF was adopted for the pump primer to prevent concrete blockage inpumping pipe by forming a thin and uniform lubricating layer on the inner surface of the pipe atconstruction sites. Due to the rheological properties of the CNF, lubricating layer can be stably formed,
and components in pump primer can be stably dispersed and the pump primer can adapt to pumping
speed. We can manufacture CNF sheet from aqueous dispersion in which phosphorylated CNFs areindividually dispersed. The CNF sheet was adopted for materials used in table tennis rackets. By
combining the CNF sheet and the base material wood, a table tennis racket with a new hit feeling has
been realized. On the other hand, phosphorylated CNF with further modification can be dispersed inorganic solvents. The CNF is provided in powder form and is dispersible in various organic solvents, andthe dispersion has characteristics common to CNF aqueous dispersion. This CNF powder made it
possible to study applications for use in non-aqueous solvents. Furthermore, we have succeeded indevelopment of the composite material with much more excellent properties (high elastic modulus, andlow thermal expansion) than those of conventional materials by combining polycarbonate (PC) with CNF.
We will further promote the utilization of phosphorylated CNF.
Contribution to Environmental Issues by Structural Materials Utilizing CNF-A Report of NEDO Project and Our Effort to CNF Reinforced Resin CompositesTakashi Date
Nippon Paper Industries Co., LTD.
Cellulose is a most abundant, renewable and environmentally friendly bio-based polymer, which isavailable from non-edible biomass sources such as woods, grasses and agricultural residues. Cellulose
nanofibers (CNFs), including cellulose microfibrils and their bundles, have received much industry
attention for use in film, rheology control such as in paints and coatings, paper and paper packaging,cosmetic and medical materials and composites. In particular, reinforcement of polymers to improvetheir mechanical properties is one of the most promising applications of CNFs.
Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd. had taken part in the Kyoto University leading NEDO Project
entitled “Development of the technology for the continuous production process “Kyoto Process®” of ligno
cellulose nanofibers and their applications for the structural members” between 2013 and 2020.
In this NEDO project, we developed a chemically modified pulp with an improved heat resistance andwould be easy to fibrillate to nano order but would not be chopped under melt compounding, andobtained many new knowledge using this modified pulp. The chemically modified CNF, at 10wt% loaded
as a filler, increased the Young’s modulus and bending strength of PA6, PLA, POM, HDPE and PP by
1.5～2.5 times. We found that Fir (Todomatsu in Japanese) was an ideal biomass for this process byscreening of several biomass. The ligno CNF reinforced resin composites maintained its strength after
several times recycling unlike GFRP.
Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd. then built a demonstration facility for high strength CNF composite
resin materials by implementing this technology, and started to operate at 2017.
The details of the NEDO project and the current situation of the demonstration facility will be
described in this paper.
Next-Generation Quality Control With the Latest Finnish Measuring Equipment
Yohei Suzuki
Shin-Nihon Corporation
In recent years, attention has been paid to plastic-free worldwide, and the paper industry has anopportunity. Introducing Finland's latest measurement equipment for new products such as barrier
coatings.
Permi Online Porosity Analyzer is a revolutionary system that it measures porosity online in real time.
By stabilizing the porosity of the base paper, the coating quality can be maintained. Porosity
measurement can also detect web breaks beforehand.
The AX-100 High shear rate viscometer can measure viscosity at high shear rates, which waspreviously impossible. The viscosity of the coating color actually used in the coater machine can bemeasured. Prevents troubles due to coating color. You can also reduce costs by optimizing materials.
The RoQ roll hardness tester can profile the winding hardness of the roll in the width direction. It isalso possible to detect wrinkle detection inside the roll that could not be detected by the Schmidt hammer.
Effective management for seal water in Pulp and Paper mills―Stable operation and Environmental load reduction―
Daisuke Tsuchiya
Enginnering Dept.,John Crane Japan,Inc.
Mechanical Seal Engineering Dept., John Crane Japan, Inc.
It is one of main issues at the paper mill plant, where there are many rotating equipment are
installed, to maintain those equipment stably in the operation by reducing the troubles from themechanical seal area.John Crane, the world leading company in the mechanical seal, has foundfrom analyzing the past trouble data, that the most cause of those troubles is due to a lack ofcontrol of quenching water.
In order to eliminate this most cause of troubles, Safeunit, Smartflow, Safejet and Safeclean weredeveloped to supply the quenching water with the correct flow rate, pressure and quality.
John Crane hopes to draw an attention to the importance of quenching water by our presentation thistime, and assures you that they will help to maintain your equipment stably in the operation and savethe water at your plant, by supplying the correct flow rate, pressure and quality of water.
Maintenance about Continuous Digester Vessel (Pressure Vessel)
Fumio Takayasu
Valmet K. K.
In recent years, KP facilities in Japan have been worn out and corroded by long time use for 30 to 40
years after installation. In particular, it is necessary to inspect and repair the first-class pressure vessels,
which are required to be inspected by law. Repair methods for pressure vessels include complete renewal,
partial renewal, lining, and overlay. Peripheral equipment such as the steaming vessel can be repairedby lining, partial renewal, or in some cases, complete renewal, depending on the state of wear andcorrosion. On the other hand, it is not easy to completely or partially replace the continuous digester due
to its size. Since the base material of domestic continuous digester is made of carbon steel when they are
installed, most repairs are done with lining repairs. Lining repairs can be made partially andinexpensively within the construction period to repair only the areas of wear and corrosion. However,cracks may occur at the welded point because the welding is between different materials that attach astainless steel plate to a carbon steel base metal. Also, the chemical solution can penetrate between thebase metal and the stainless steel plate from the cracks, and corrosion of the base metal can progress.
Therefore, if a crack occurs, the stainless steel plate must be temporarily removed and the soundness ofthe base material must be checked before the stainless steel plate is re-installed. On the other hand, theoverlay (Uddcomb method) described in the main paper is a method to form a new duplex stainless steel
layer on the surface of the base metal by directly welding the stainless steel onto the base metal. It is aneffective and permanent repair method for extending the service life of the base metal of continuous
digester and batch digester without the risk of corrosion of the base metal and separation of thermal
spraying, which are common in the repair of linings.
Revolutions in the history of civilization induced by paper
Part 1: The arrival of paper to Japan
Kiyoaki iida
How the paper has induced revolutions in the history of civilization will be studied.
Shoso-in documents recorded how paper was used in the 700’s in Japan. One category wasadministrative documents. The government filed family registers in paper all over its control territory,
and administrated tax collection. The instruction of the government on paper was delivered to one
country, which copied the document and passed it to a neighboring one. At the same time, each country
replied back to the government by paper. It also reported tax collection status. The population at thattime was estimated to be about several millions, and the government controlled them by delivering
documents.
The second category was copying sutras. It was a cultural project nationwide, and more than one
hundred thousand volumes were copied. Many scribes were engaged, and greatly improved literacy.
The volume of paper demanded was supplied from governmental paper factory, copying stations ofsutras and local paper factories. Most of paper was made of paper mulberry. Some sheets of paper werealready made of recycled fibers.
Then, when did the paper arrive at Japan? There is not an accepted theory yet. According to therecent study on wooden slips found in Japan, it would be shortly after characters became in use in Japan.
Kraft Cooking with Teak Wood Extract and Determining Residual 2-Methylanthraquinone in Eucalyptus Pulp
Yulia Anita, Agusta Samodra Putra, Keishi Tanifuji, Akiko Nakagawa-Izumi and Hiroshi Ohi
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
Evelyn Evelyn
School of Pulp and Paper Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Riau
Anthraquinone (AQ) is used in the pulp and paper industries as a cooking catalyst. However, because
AQ is “possibly carcinogenic”, it is no longer approved in Germany for the manufacture of paper andpaperboard that contact food. To address this problem, we examined 2-methylanthraquinone (2-MAQ),
a natural anthraquinone from teak (Tectona grandis) wood. Eucalyptus globulus wood was subjected tokraft cooking at 145 °C for 3 h with 0.03% 2-MAQ and 15–19% active alkali to provide pulp in 55.5–
58.1% yield. Kraft cooking with the acetone extract of Myanmar teak wood increased pulp yield by 1.6%
but decreased kappa number by two points compared to that with only 2-MAQ. Ames testing suggeststhat 2-MAQ is not mutagenic. Unbleached and oxygen-bleached pulp contained 0.40–2.90 ppm and
0.21–0.39 ppm residual 2-MAQ, respectively, while 2-MAQ was not detected in fully bleached pulp;
therefore, this pulp should be safe for food-packaging use.

JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALCONTENTS

3

March 2021

Vol. 75, No. 3

Process Control and Automation/IoT
1 General Review of 44th Pulp and Paper Process Control Symposium……Process Control and Automation Committee, JAPAN TAPPI

2 Next-Generation Online Anomaly Detection System Using Artificial Intelligence……Motomi Kohata

7 “PlantLogMeister（PLM）” is Contributing to Work Style Reform at The
Operation Site for DX in The Pulp & Paper Industry……Yoshito Katsuki
15 Remote Automation Project Service（RAPS）―A New Project Methodology in the Era of Uncertainty―……Takashi Kai

21 Transition to Smart Factory with Data Integration & Visualization……Takuya Maekawa, Ryohei Watanabe and Soon Hin Loo

27 Proposal of a New Production System with Flexibility and Robustness
Corresponding to Changes in the Manufacturing Environment……Kazutaka Fujita and Keiji Sato

35 Example of Using a Sign Detection System in a Power Plant―Equipment Diagnosis and Operation Support Using AI―……Atsuhiro Kumagai

39 Introduction Example of Automatic Product Transfer Equipment Using an
Automatic Guided Large Clamp Vehicle……Hiromasa Kondo
Topics & Information

43
47
52
57

IoT Transformation for Lifecycle Business……Kazuhiro Funai
Cooperative Optimization Control Solution for in Paperboard Process……Atsushi Toyoda

Valmet Products Which Have Both Improved Safety and Better Workability……Kiyoshi Yaguchi

Revolutions in the History of Civilization Induced by Paper

Part 2：From Bamboo and Wooden Slips to Paper―Invention in China……Kiyoaki Iida

Introduction of Research Laboratories（138）62

Laboratory of Forest Chemistry and Biomass Science（Kamei Lab.），
Department of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Miyazaki

03
64

Committee report
Papyrus

74
78
81
93
94
96

Industry News（Domestic and International）
List of Titles in Foreign Journals Received by JAPAN TAPPI
List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication
Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District
Other Monthly Statistics
News from the Association

2021 March JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL
Vol.75, No.3 Abstracts
Next-generation online anomaly detection system using Artificial Intelligence
Motomi Kohata
AI Group, IT service promotion department, Engineering Headquaters, Advanced
Automation Company, Azbil Corporation
It has been several years since the word AI (artificial intelligence) began to appear
in everyday conversation. This keyword has appeared in various contexts and has
been talked about as a next-generation solution technology with high expectations.
In this paper, we will briefly introduce the "Online anomaly detection System BiG
EYES *" that we are developing as an advanced predictive maintenance solutionthat applies AI.
"PlantLogMeister (PLM)" is contributing to work style reform at theoperation site for DX in the pulp & paper industry
Yoshito Katsuki
Toshiba Mitsubishi-Electric Industrial System Corp. (TMEIC)In recent years, each company is promoting digital transformation to build nextgeneration business models and to strengthen the competitiveness using big data
analysis. As in the process industry, this digital transformation is an urgent task
for safe and stable operation, productivity improvement, and work style reform.
However, in plant operation, the operation diary, which is an important record for
operation, is created by handwriting or Excel document, etc., and it is necessary to
promote the digitalization of the operation site first.
In this connection, TMEIC is forwarding PlantLogMeister, a system that cancollectively manage data related to plant operations using a unified database ofthis operation diary. The implement of this system will contribute to higher work
efficiency, faster troubleshooting, realization of technology transfer, and work
style reform at the operation site.
In this article, we are focusing on the diary function, which is the basic package,and introduce examples of applying PlantLogMeister including three topics theauthor participated in the development.
Remote Automation Project Service (RAPS)-A New Project Methodology in the Era of UncertaintyTakashi Kai
Honeywell Process Solutions Honeywell Japan Ltd.
With new threats impacting business on both local and global scales, companies are
adapting rapidly during these unprecedented and challenging times. One aspectborne out of this is the capacity for project teams to work remotely while ensuring
productivity – a situation that may well be normalized to varying degree for theforeseeable future. This brings a range of issues and challenges when it comes todelivering automation projects on time.
To help address this, Honeywell Remote Automation Project Services (RAPS), rooted
in LEAP methodology with enabling technologies, is well placed in providing end to
end capabilities for Design and Implementation, through to carrying out Remote
FAT and Assisted Remote Commissioning.
This paper will provide the basis and the many benefits that RAPS brings, including: Gaining flexibility in the project schedule Efficient allocation of global resources and expertise Improvements in quality and avoid rework/repetition
 Significant reduction in travel costs Rapid checkout of target system during FAT

Transition to Smart Factory with Data Integration & Visualization
Takuya Maekawa, Ryohei Watanabe and Soon Hin Loo
Voith Turbo Co., Ltd. BTG Japan“Smart Factory” means an advanced factory that has implemented “Industry4.0”.
In other words, “Smart Factory” is a factory that can create a new added value by
the “Data Integration & Visualization” with collecting all of operational & quality
data thru IoT and utilizing & analyzing the causality of these data.
It is undeniable that the pulp & paper industry has fallen a step behind otherindustries on the realization of “Smart Factory” although it has accelerated invarious industries in recent years. It can be said that the “Smart Factory” isindispensable to find the solutions against the shrinking market, fast change in themarket trend, human resource issue, and remote management that will happen in
the pulp & paper industry in the near future.
At present, it takes a huge time and labor to collect and analyze data as theoperation, quality, and cost information are provided by the different devices &resources, and this is the cause to hinder the quick decision and accurate judgement.
In this article, we will introduce dataPARC provided by BTG Capstone that is aleading-edge & user-friendly system for “Data Integration & Visualization”.
Proposal of a New Production System with Flexibility and Robustness
Corresponding to Changes in the Manufacturing Environment
Kazutaka Fujita , Keiji Sato
Yokogawa Solution Service Corporation
Customers have many missions, such as maintenance, KAIZEN activities andtrouble shooting. Manufacturing sites are required to operate more flexible androbustness since customers must not only execute their missions every day, butalso respond to changes in the manufacturing environment. To resolve such
issues, a paradigm shift of the process management method equivalent to theinvention of DCS is necessary.
In this paper, we propose a new production system that has the flexibility androbustness to respond to changes in the manufacturing environment. This white
paper outlines the business model, functional model, and system architecture to
realize this new production system, and introduces an example of a "hypothesis
verification type" workshop conducted with Nippon Paper
Group.
Example of Using a Sign Detection System in a Power Plant-Equipment Diagnosis and Operation Support Using AIAtsuhiro Kumagai
Ishinomaki Mill, Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd.
In recent years, many systems and tools that utilize AI （Artificial Intelligence）
have been put into practical use, but there are few cases of introduction in
manufacturing plants. This time, at the Ishinomaki Hibarino Power Plant of Nippon
Paper Ishinomaki Energy Center Co., Ltd., we introduced a sign detection systemusing AI, which could be used as an effective tool for detecting signs of equipment
abnormalities and supporting operations.
In this presentation, we will report on these cases.

Introduction example of automatic product transfer equipment using an automatic guided
large clamp vehicle
Hiromasa Kondo
Mishima Mill, Daio Engineering Corporation
The Kawanoe Mill of Daio Paper Co., Ltd. was restarted in October 2018 with thelatest equipment as a production base for sanitary paper. Equipped with a Crescent
Former paper machine (KN1M/C), toilet winder, tissue interfolder, and ply machine,
it produces tissue paper and toilet paper and ships 54,000 tons annually.
The Kawanoe Mill incorporates a wide range of automation, centrally manages
papermaking instructions, production control, quality information, and shipping,
and automates each production process.
In this paper, we will introduce in detail the automatic guided large clamp vehicle,
which is one of the latest automation processes introduced at the Kawanoe Mill.

IoT transformation for Lifecycle business
Kazuhiro FunaP&S sales department, Voith IHI Paper Technology Co., Ltd.
Voith IHI is focusing on spare and consumable parts business including
maintenance service. In this article, we introduce WebShop, SmartBasket and
OnCall_Video which is life cycle management system using IoT technology.
WebShop system has been already started up. You can get quotation only in
20seconds, check delivery schedule and order as well. This WebShop equipped withsearch function as well as operation manual for each devices, which help you to
specify the parts. This WebShop can link with smart basket which is an inventory
system of basket. Also possible to link with OnCare Asset which is Voith’s asset
management system.
OnCall.Video is an audio-visual communication system that enables worldwide
access to Voith’s expert knowledge via an internet-based video collaboration platform.
With this service you can be supported by real-time analyses anytime. Furthermore,this solution also offers many valuable use cases for improving internal
communication. OnCall.Video enables the expert to see in real time exactly what you
see at the paper machine, to display relevant information and drawings and thus
provide concrete instructions and assistance.

Cooperative Optimization Control Solution for in Paperboard Process
Atsushi Toyoda
IA-PS Analyzer Center P&W Solutions Dept., Yokogawa Electric Corporation *２
With the aim of improving the pulp and paper manufacturing process, we havereleased a Cooperative Process Optimization solution service in 2019.This paper
will first describes the data collection and analysis service, which is the main partof this service. This paper then presents a case study of a paperboard machine.

Valmet products which have both improved safety and better workability
Kiyoshi Yaguchi
Valmet K. K.
There is one famous theory as known as Heinrich’s Law: For every accident that causes a major (1)injury, there are (29) accidents that cause minor injuries and (300) accidents that cause no injuries. For
avoiding a major accident, it is necessary to eliminate with this at near-miss stage when an accident ordisaster is predicted. In the background of major accidents there is a stack of small near-misses. Thus,
small risks that could lead to serious accidents must be eliminated in advance thorough 5S, Kaizen
activities, near-miss reporting, regular safety patrols.
On the other hand, depending on the type of work, the safety depends on the equipment used for work,so there is something that cannot reduce the risk of an accident just by paying attention to safety. In
order to achieve zero accidents, it is necessary to update equipment, which may result in investment
costs. However, productivity and working conditions improve when processes become safe. In otherwords, it is no exaggeration to say that efficiency and safety are closely related, and safety will makeprofit. On this report, equipment that achieves improved workability while ensuring improved safety are
introduced.

Revolutions in the history of civilization induced by paper
Part 2: From bamboo and wooden slips to paper -Invention in China
Kiyoaki Iida

In China, written characters came into use in the 11th century B.C. , and successive dynasties wrote
their histories on bamboo and wooden slips insistently. In the fifth century B.C., the genres ofphilosophy and literature were invented. Bamboo slips were used by those concerned to discuss theiropinions and record their outcomes, and helped develop a new kind of culture. Bamboo scrolls, however,were very bulky and person’s knowledge was expressed as an equivalent volume of a number of loaded
carts.
Then, Cai Lun invented a new paper making process in 105. He made use of bast fiber such as paper
mulberry and hemp instead of wasted textile products in an old method, and produced paper of highquality. He was credited for the invention and its spread in the country. His paper gradually replacedbamboo slips, due to its easier handlings, higher recording density and probably less cost.
As civilization developed and population grew, the demand for paper increased for which fiber supply
got short. A complement was bamboo, which gradually replaced paper mulberry itself. Bamboo, after
repeated retting in water and boiling in solution containing wood ash, could be pulped with pounding,though more times of repeating were required than those for paper mulberry. Bamboo paper could bemanufactured in a larger scale, due to its abundance in resource, and would be competitive in cost tothat of paper mulberry. Bamboo fiber is thinner and shorter, and is formed to a sheet of smoother surface.
Wood block printing became popular in the Song dynasty and was at its peak in the Ming and the Qing
dynasties, and would prefer bamboo paper because of its better printability.

JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALCONTENTS

4

April 2021

Vol. 75, No. 4

Welcoming New Employees
1 Introduction of Paper Feeder……Hiroaki Fukasawa
6 Latest Pulping System for Waste Paper―Continuous Detrash System―……Yoichiro Iwatani

10 Improved Sizing and Machine Efficiency Using a Novel, Simplified Approach……Stephen Marrou, William Johnson and Laura Sherman

17 Operating Experience of Surface Coated Dryer Cylinder at PM9……Ryoichi Nagai

21 Process audit for Stock Preparation System……Masamori Tanaka
25 Analysis of Factors Causing the Increase in Paper Strength Agent dosage in
Summer……Keita Anoyama, Yukinori Kobayashi and Manabu Yamamoto
30 Report on the Results of the Fiscal 2020 Follow-up Survey on “JPA’s Commited
Action Plan for a Low Carbon Society” and Related Information on Measuresagainst Global Warming in the Japanese Paper Industry……Yasuharu Sakina
Topics & Information

48
52
60

An Essay on Methodology for Innovating “JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL”

Part 10：The Reason for Existence of Paper as viewed from Contemporary Philosophy……Fumihiko Onabe

Revolutions in the History of Civilization Induced by Paper

Part 3：The Clay Tablets That Inscribed the History of Mesopotamia……Kiyoaki Iida

Three Paper Scrolls, the Most Important Treasures Preserved in the Shosoin for1300 Years………Naohiko Tsujimoto

Introduction of Research Laboratories（139）68

Biomass structure and function laboratory, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo
University of Agriculture and Technology

Research Report（Original Paper）

71

Effects of Soluble Anthraquinone Application on Prehydrolysis Soda Cooking of
Acacia crassicarpa Wood……Syelvia Putri Utami, Keishi Tanifuji, Agusta Samodra Putra,
Akiko Nakagawa-Izumi, Hiroshi Ohi and Evelyn Evelyn

Pulp and Paper Mills in Japan（89）85

Sobue Mill, Oji Materia Co., Ltd.

03
70
90

Committee report
Essay on Intellectual Property
Papyrus

92
96
105
106
108

Industry News（Domestic and International）
List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication
Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District
Other Monthly Statistics
News from the Association

2021 April JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL
Vol.75, No.4 Abstracts

Introduction of Paper Feeder
Hiroaki Fukasawa
Paper Machinery Engineering Dept., Kobayashi Engineering Works, Ltd.
Tail threading systems and equipment has been developed over the years to be able to automaticallythread the tail wherever an open draw occurred from one section to the next section of the machine.
Some eighty years ago the rope threading system was introduced to thread the dryer section, calenderand reel. Approximately sixty years ago the vacuum belt was introduced for threading systems at thedry end. The airfoil application was developed by Crown Zellerbach fifty some years ago.
The core parts of the paper feeding system introduced here are made in-house by utilizing the process
know-how and skills accumulated over many years in the Japanese paper industry. This combination
has succeeded in the epoch making improvement of tail handling system for whole parts of paper
machine.
Latest pulping system for waste paper- Continuous detrash system Yoichiro Iwatani
AIKAWA Iron Works Co.,Ltd.
There have recently been substantial changes on the domestic recycle paper supplies in Japan,
following the import restrictions of the used materials in China. It is expected to continue the tendencyof such difficult procurement of the good quality recycle papers, which would lead to increase the use of
un-sorted recycle papers.
To adapt these changes, we need to recommend the upgrade of the stock preparation processes forproper handling. On this paper we would like to introduce the latest technology of the recycle paper
pulping system (continuous detrash system) based on an actual case study.
Improved Sizing and Machine Efficiency Using a Novel, Simplified Approach
Stephen Marrou, William Johnson and Laura Sherman
Nalco Water, an Ecolab Company
Sizing is a critical specification for paper grades across a wide range of industry segments, providing
important liquid resistance to the manufactured paper or paperboard. Despite innovations that have occurred
over the last few decades, there is still a need to enhance sizing performance and machine efficiency while
reducing chemical requirements and minimizing program complexity. To address these needs, this paper
outlines the development of a unique alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA)-based sizing offering which provides
best-in-class size performance while simultaneously reducing shipping & inventory logistics. This newtechnology enables the papermaker to maximize the efficiency of their sizing program while minimizing
overall chemical use and simplifying the storage and handling of related size chemistries.

Operating Experience of Surface Coated Dryer Cylinder at PM9
Ryoichi Nagai
No.7 Production Department, Niigata Mill, Hokuetsu Corporation
PM9 at the Niigata Mill started commercial operation in September 2008, and is producing mainly A3coated paper as a wide, high-speed, and light weight papermaking machine. Taking advantage of thiswide and high-speed process, PM9 continues to grow with the goal of being a machine with highproductivity and cost competitiveness.
Twelve years have passed since the commercial operation of PM9 started, and due to the aged
deterioration of equipment, operation and quality issues have come to occur. Among them, thedeterioration of the surface of the dryer cylinder caused a decrease in operation efficiency and productquality. In 2017 and 2018, the surface coating of the dryer cylinder was applied for two periods. In thispaper, the operating experience before and after the dryer surface coating is introduced.

Process audit for Stock Preparation System
Masamori Tanaka
Voith IHI Paper Technology Co., Ltd.
The service of audit for Stock Preparation System provides several benefit to optimize the condition ofsystem and machine. After condition check is done, a report is provided which include the result ofinvestigation and recommended counter action depends on priority. The merit of this audit is to clarify
the cause of problem not only from single machine but also from whole process of system, and it enables
to minimize necessary counter action and its workload and maximize the performance of counter action.
The service of audit is also useful for planning of maintenance and it enhances more stable operation
without troubles. This service is available for the system with several type of raw material and also foreach single machines.
Analysis of Factors Causing the Increase inPaper Strength Agent dosage in Summer
Keita Anoyama, Yukinori Kobayashi and Manabu Yamamoto
Pulp and Paper Innovation Center, Innovation Promotion Division, Oji Holdings Corporation
The annual amount of paper strength agent in the paperboard machine has been significantly
fluctuating in recent years. In particular, the volume of paper strength agent increases in the summer
season. Consequently, the total cost goes up while making the corrugated boxboard.
In this report, we analyzed the factors related to the variable dosage, focusing on three viewpoints suchas material strength, sheet formation and wet-end in A factory. Although the material strength was notaffected, the paper strength decreased due to the worse wet-end condition and sheet formation when the
dosage of paper strength agent rose. It was found that the main root causes were the decrease inefficiency of chemical additives following the deterioration of the wet-end conditions and the worse sheet
formation caused by the rapid de-watering.
Report on the Results of the Fiscal 2020 Follow-up Survey on” JPA’s Commited Action Plan for a Low Carbon
Society” and Related Information on Measures against Global Warming in the Japanese Paper Industry
Yasuharu Sakina
Japan Paper Association
The Japan Paper Association (JPA) established its “Voluntary Action Plan on Environment” in 1997,
in response to The Japan Business Federation‘s call to the Japanese business community to organize“The Voluntary Action Plan on Environment”. Since then, JPA has carried out a follow-up survey andpublished the results every year.
As the Voluntary Action Plan finished in fiscal 2012, JPA newly started “the Action Plans towards a Low
Carbon Society” and has been actively addressing global warming prevention in order to achieve thefollowing targets set in the plan: Compared to BAU scenario(based on specific CO2 emission rate of 2005), reduce fossil energyderived CO2 emissions by 1.39 million tons by fiscal 2020 .
 In view of securing forest resources and increasing forest carbon sink, expand forest plantation
areas owned or managed by the paper industry at home and abroad to 700 thousand hectares
by fiscal 2020.
According to the results of the fiscal 2020 follow-up survey (actual results for fiscal 2019), fossil-energy
derived CO2 emissions in fiscal 2019 was 16.58 million tons, a 4.9% reduction compared to the fiscal
2018(17.42 million tons). Compared to BAU scenario, fossil energy-derived CO2 emissions were reduced
by 3.81 million tons, achieving the target of 1.39 million tons reduction by fiscal 2020.
This is attributed to each manufacturer’s active efforts including energy saving and energy conversion
from fossil energy to non-fossil energy such as biomass energy.
In addition to the results of the follow-up survey, this report introduces the current energy situation in
the Japanese paper industry, outline of the next phase of JPA’s Action Plan for Low Carbon Society
spanning the ten-year period from fiscal 2021 through 2030 and the latest information ofcountermeasures against global warming.

An Essay on Methodology for Innovating “JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL”
Part 10: The Reason for Existence of Paper as viewed from Contemporary Philosophy
Fumihiko Onabe
Professor Emeritus,The University of Tokyo(Paper Science)
From the birth of ancient Greek philosophy to the present, ”existence” or “raison d’être” keeps the
position of significant major topics in philosophy.
The tenth article of this series is intended to analyze the meaning of existence of paper mainly alongwith the post-war French philosophical traditions. The overall contents are described as below.
1. Introduction
2. Existence and birth of paper
3. Genealogy of contemporary philosophy and understanding of paper
4. Paper media capable of remaining the evidence of human process of thought
5. The reason of existence of paper in the digital era
6. The essential areas indispensable of paper in human life
7. The trend of contemporary philosophy and new focuses on “intelligence of object”
8. Epilogue
Revolutions in the history of civilization induced by paper
Part 3: The Clay Tablets That Inscribed the History of Mesopotamia
Kiyoaki Iida

Sumerian in Mesopotamia began to use clay tablets for recording their cuneiform letters in the age
earlier than 3000 B.C. The clay tablets were used until the third century B.C. when the Orient and theMediterranean regions became integrated, and papyri and parchments took over them.
The successive dynasties in Mesopotamia consistently recorded their histories in clay tablets with theircuneiform letters, and kept them in libraries and storage houses. When libraries were destroyed andburnt down, clay tablets were incinerated and remained in ruins. Since 1800, they have been excavated,which is more than half a million pieces in number. With those lots of remains, their letters have now
been deciphered and their societies and cultures are being unraveled.
In about 3000 B.C., the recorded in clay tablets were administrative documents and vocabulary texts,
which suggests that dynasties administrated with letters. In around 2600 B.C., transactions of estatesand houses were recorded, and literal texts such as epics and tales appeared. In about 2300 B.C. sealed
documents and letters were inscribed. In 2000 B.C. legal systems were in order. In 500-1000 years after
they got letters and recording medium in hand, their community was civilized with literature andphilosophy.
As they became familiar with letters in Mesopotamia, they used wax tablets that was rewritable andpapyri, other than clay tablets, and enjoyed civilization based on letters.
Effects of Soluble Anthraquinone Application on Prehydrolysis Soda Cooking of Acacia crassicarpa Wood

Syelvia Putri Utami, Keishi Tanifuji, Agusta Samodra Putra, Akiko Nakagawa-Izumi,
and Hiroshi Ohi
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba

Evelyn Evelyn

School of Pulp and Paper Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Riau

Acacia crassicarpa has a potential source as a renewable forest material in Indonesia. This researchclarified the conditions to produce dissolving pulp with suitable properties from A. crassicarpa wood by
prehydrolysis at 150 ºC for 3 h and soda cooking at 160 ºC for 3 h with application of 0.1% soluble
anthraquinone (SAQ: 1,4-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxyanthracene sodium salt). The presence of SAQ in soda
cooking exhibited a significant increase in pulp yield (1.8%) compared to kraft cooking at a given kappa
number (approximately 11). The bleaching ability of the soda-SAQ pulp in elemental chlorine-freeprocess with peroxymonosulfuric acid (O-D0/Psa-Ep-D1 sequence) was sufficiently good for dissolving pulp
properties. The α-cellulose content, brightness, viscosity and ash content were 94.1%, 88.1% ISO, 10.3
mPa･s, and 0.02%, respectively.

JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALCONTENTS

5

May 2021

Vol. 75, No. 5

Biomass/Deplasticization
1 The Biorefinery Status of Nippon Paper Industries, Gotsu Mill―Old and New Business Model―……Yuki Kokufu

5 Eliplapaper―Eco-friendly Product Alternative to Plastic―……Toru Ikeda

8 Development of the Consistent Chemical Production Process from Woody
Biomass……Ayumu Tagami
12Development of Water Based Emulsion for Paper Coating that Achieve
Reduction of Plastic Usage……Yasushi Fujiwara

Topics & Information

17
22
27
30
37

Odor Analysis of Paperboard Mills……Sho Misawa
Insect Characteristics to Consider for Design of Effective Insect Control
Measures……Tomohiro Ohba
An Essay on Methodology for Innovating “JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL”

Part 11：The Reason for Existence of “JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL” as viewed from Its ReadersStandpoints……Fumihiko Onabe

Revolutions in the History of Civilization Induced by Paper

Part 4：Papyrus That Enriched Civilization in Egypt, Greece Rome……Kiyoaki Iida

Research Projects of Universities and Government Research Institutes……Wood Science Committee, JAPAN TAPPI

44 Corporate Profile & Product Information ㊻
C. T. TAKAHASHI CO., LTD.
Research Report（Original Paper）

49

Development of a Novel Method to Distinguish Poor-recyclable Prints and theApplication of the Method for Field Survey……Hirohiko Koizumi, Moe Fuchise-Fukuoka, Takanori Otsuhata and Shisei Goto

03
48
65

Committee report
Coffee break
Papyrus

71
75
84
85
87

Industry News（Domestic and International）
List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication
Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District
Other Monthly Statistics
News from the Association

2021 May JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL
Vol.75, No.5 Abstracts

The biorefinery status of Nippon Paper Industries, Gotsu Mill-Old and New business modelYuki Kokufu
Gotsu Mill, Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd.
Effective use of bio-derived resources, especially wood, have attracted worldwide attention in recent
years. Nippon Paper Industries’ Gotsu Mill is the sole sulfite pulp plant in Japan and has been
manufacturing various products from wood using our unique biorefinery technology.
Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin are three main components of wood and they can be separated
with sulfite cooking. The Gotsu Mill uses all of them effectively to manufacture wide range of products.
Cellulose obtained as sulfite pulp can be used as a raw material to produce cellulose derivatives. We havealso produced powdered cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and cellulose nanofibers from sulfite
pulp. Decomposed products of hemicellulose derived with sulfite cooking are used as a nutrient source toproduce yeast. Lignin is converted to lignosulfonates with sulfite cooking and lignosulfonates can be usedas dispersants and/or binders. We also use a part of hemicellulose and lignosulfonate dissolved in black
liquor as fuel to generate energy.
With such wide range of wood-derived technologies and products, Gotsu Mill has been practicing old
but new biorefinery business for almost 70 years. We will continue to provide a wide range of products
and services that take advantage of the outstanding properties of wood.
Eliplapaper-eco-friendly product alternative to plasticToru Ikeda
Kani mill, Daio Paper Corporation
Plastic is used as a light and durable material in various forms around us, but in recent years its
environmental impact has been drawing attention, and the flow of deplasticization has become
active.Under such circumstances, the importance of paper has been recognized again.
We have started to sell “Eliplapaper” as a paper alternative to rigid plastic. Eliplapaper is a highdensity cardboard that has rigidity close to that of plastic. In addition, it has excellent biodegradability
and is a product with a lower environmental load than plastic.
Development of the Consistent Chemical Production Process from Woody Biomass
Ayumu Tagami
Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd
Nippon Paper Industries joined the NEDO project “Technology development of Manufacturing Process
for Non-edible Plant-derived Chemicals/ Development of an Integrated Process for Manufacturing
Chemicals from Woody Biomass”. In this project, we are developing a technology for separating major
wood components, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, based on the sulfur-free soda cooking. Lignin is
one of the main components in the second most abundant bio-macromolecule after cellulose in nature.
This work summarizes the outcomes of project, especially product quality of lignins. We provided kgscale of lignin products to chemical companies which derived from different batch of black liquor. The
quality of products listed below, molecular weight, purity, solubility in acetone, and content of functionalgroups, are stable.

Development of Water Based Emulsion
for Paper Coating that Achieve Reduction of Plastic Usage
Yasushi Fujiwara
Technology Management Department, Resin Business Division, SEIKO PMC CORPORATION
Recently ocean plastic pollution has been highlighted, and the demand for ‘reduction of plastic usage’is increasing worldwide. In Japan, the use of paper for products, including plastic straws andconfectionery bags, has been promoted. Superiority of plastic to paper includes resistance/barrier
property against liquid and vapor and processability derived from thinning/adhesiveness, etc.
Polyethylene laminated paper products are widely used in making a composite of paper and plastic.
However, since these laminated paper causes obstacles for recycling, European countries are requesting
their manufactures to replace laminated papers with resin coated papers. Polyethylene laminate is ahighly reliable material in terms of safety as has a coating film physical property that works excellently
with various resistances and processabilities, and is used for food packaging paper, etc. We havedeveloped an emulsion for paper coating that replaces polyethylene laminate, for the use of paper insteadof plastic. Regarding ‘performance’, we focused on water resistance, oil resistance, moisture-proofness,and heat sealability. Regarding ‘safety’, we studied the conformity with the US FDA (Food and Drug
Administration) CFR (Code of Federal regulations) Title 21. Among the studies, we have succeeded indeveloping a water based emulsion for paper coating that shows a comparable level of performance tothat of polyethylene laminate. In this report, we introduce styrene acrylic type ‘HIROS-X･NE-2260’,
which conforms with the FDA and has a wide application range for overseas inventories, wholly acrylic
type ‘HIROS-X･PE-2273’ with excellent characteristics in heat sealability and without usage restriction
by the FDA, and ‘XP8812’, a coating agent for paper processing, having moisture proofness and heatsealability.
Odor Analysis of Paperboard Mills
Sho Misawa
Material Analysis Center, Innovation Promotion Division, Oji Holdings Corporation
In 1971, the Offensive Odor Control Law was enacted to control offensive odors generated in the courseof business activities at mills or other places. The Offensive Odor Control Law has regulation on siteboundary line, emission gas, and discharged water.
At our group company’s paperboard mill, odor of paper and sludge smelled sometimes around the areaof the boundary line. Odor analysis was carried out and odor level, odor causing substances and locationsof odor occurrence were researched. As a result, sulfur substances contained in the gas of the boundaryline and discharged water were under the regulation standard. Odor of paper smelled from gas taken at
the north site boundary line, and longifolene and longicyclene which has characteristic of odor of paper
were detected by Adsorbent Collection-Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry.
Gases were taken from the wastewater treatment facilities, and odor of sludge was smelled. Hydrogensulfide which has characteristic of addled egg like odor was detected by GC at relatively highconcentration. Also, longifolene and longicyclene were detected at relatively high amount. Hydrogensulfide, longifolene and longicyclene were specified as odor causing substances. The wastewater
treatment facilities were specified as the locations of odor occurrence of the odor causing substances.
These were thought to be carried by winds to the area around the boundary line and caused odor of paperand sludge.
The odor from mills can cause unpleasant and disgusting feelings to people who live around mills.
Hence, odor analysis is needed. Odor is needed to be controlled when manufacturing paper and we move
forward business activities harmonizing with the environment by odor analysis.

Insect characteristics to consider for design of effective insect control measures
Tomohiro Ohba
Earth Environmental Service Co., Ltd
In order to design effective insect control measures, it is important to consider where and what kind of
insects will be a problem in your factory. It is not known that the measures that were effective at otherfactories are effective. It is necessary to take measures that are appropriate to the problems of your own
factory. Before planning concrete measures, it is necessary to carry out a risk assessment.
It is useful to understand the characteristics of insects when risk assessments and designing insect
control measures. Insects respond variously to environmental factors such as temperature, light, air flow,
and odor. There are also variations in insect habitat and individual size. In this report, we summarized
the main characteristics of flying insects that are likely to cause problems in paper mills. Then, we
discussed the precautions for designing insect control measures based on these characteristics.
An Essay on Methodology for Innovating “JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL”
Part 11: The Reason for Existence of “JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL” as viewed from Its Readers Standpoints
Fumihiko Onabe
Professor Emeritus,The University of Tokyo(Paper Science)
The writing and reading are fundamental human mental behaviors. The eleventh article of thisseries is intended to analyze the relationship between journal’s editor and readers with particularattentions on cognitive scientific theories. The overall contents are described as below.
1.
Introduction
2.
Reading and Writing
3.
The objective of editor’s side4.
The requirement of reader’s side5.
A variety of perspectives required for readers
5.1
Phenomenon and Essence
5.2
Human characters and environments that determine the human way of thinking
5.3
Macroscopic and microscopic views
5.4
Short-term and Midterm or long-term views
6.
Lessons learned from historical studies
7.
Sensationalism and populism that affects on human evaluation on journal’s articles
8.
Roles of journals in transmission of information in contemporary society
9.
Epilogue
Revolutions in the history of civilization induced by paper
Part 4: Papyrus That Enriched Civilization in Egypt, Greece and Rome
Kiyoaki Iida

Papyrus was developed as a recording media in Egypt at around 3000 B.C .and was used till the
Roman age for about 4000 years.
Though the process of making papyrus was once lost, it was restored in the 20th century. The stem ofpapyrus glass is spitted vertically to thin pieces, about 40 cm long. After retting, they are laid parallel
each other like a sheet. The other layer is put on them, its axis being rotated at the right angles to thelower. The composite is beaten to make some fibrization, pressed for dewatering and dried. Egyptian
dynasties monopolized the product and got high return.
In Egypt, literature texts written on papyri appeared in the 20th century B.C., after earlyadministrative documents. Ostraca were also used to supplement papyrus in daily life.
Since the 10th century, Greece became dominant in the Mediterranean world, and used papyrus
delivered by Phoenician as a media for their civilization. The Roman Empire succeeded hegemony inthe region and still used papyrus from Egypt.
In the 3rd century B.C., parchment was developed which gradually took over papyrus and replaced itin the 5th century.

Development of a novel method to distinguish poor-recyclable prints and the application of the method for fieldsurveyHirohiko Koizumi, Moe Fuchise-Fukuoka, Takanori Otsuhata and Shisei Goto
Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd.
In recent years, the quality of recovered paper has been deteriorated due to an increase of materials
to be avoided, such as prints with Ultra Violet (UV) curable ink. The aim of this paper is to develop amethod which can easily and promptly distinguish those poor-recyclable prints from recovered paper,and to put the method into practical use in deinked pulp (DIP) mills. In order to achieve this purpose,first, the spectrum data of several kinds of prints were obtained by using the attenuated total reflection
infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR). Second, the recyclability of those prints was evaluated by labexperiments. Third, a database was made by correlating the spectrum data and their recyclability, so as
to develop the ATR-IR method. Finally, the ATR-IR method was applied to inspection of bales in DIP
mills. By examining each print with ATR-IR apparatus, characteristic peaks were detected which helped
to determine the type of ink. From the results of lab-experiments, the numbers of dirt speckles in DIPs
from UV, UV varnish over coated, and polystyrene over coated prints, respectively, were much higher
than those of conventional prints (oil-based ink). In case of using the ATR-IR method, those prints weredistinguished more precisely compared with the conventional solvent detection method used in DIP mills.
As for the application of the method for incoming inspection in the mills, it has turned out that there wasa certain tendency to decrease incidence rate of dirt troubles in DIP production after the application.

JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALCONTENTS

6

June 2021

Vol. 75, No. 6

Energy Saving Ⅰ
1 Report of the 25th Saving Energy Seminar……Energy Committee, JAPAN TAPPI
3 Efforts to Save Power at the Woody Biomass Power Generation Plant, Sendai
Mill……Jun Wakamatsu
8 Operation Experience of High Efficiency Recovery Boiler（HERB）……Katsuya Yoshida

13

Energy Saving by Reducing Refiner Operation Time……Masahiko Ueyama

20

Example of Drive Load Reduction by Forming Fabric……Kei Furutaka

25

Operational Experiences of Ecopump turbo blower……Akio Kato

Topics & Information

29

Activities for Reduction of Bleaching Chemicals in Sendai Mill……Mitsuhiro Takata

34

Hachinohe Mill Air Compressor Energy Saving Initiatives……Shoichi Ogata

38

High Concentration Evaporators and HERB Recovery Boiler-Energy Creation
by High Concentration Evaporators―State-of-the-art Recovery Process Technology by Andritz―……Masato Tsuchitana

42
46

Revolutions in the History of Civilization Induced by Paper

Part 5：Parchment and Vellum that Succeeded Papyrus……Kiyoaki Iida

An Essay on Methodology for Innovating “JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL”

Part 12：Bidirectionality of Information required for Qualitative Enhancement and
Vitalization of The Journal……Fumihiko Onabe

Research Report（Original Paper）

51

Preparation of Raw Materials for Cellulose-nanofiber Blending Water-based
Paints―Application of Soda-anthraquinone Cooking and Peracetic Acid Bleaching―……Kengo Magara, Eiji Togawa, Satoshi Kubo and Tomoko Shimokawa
Pulp and Paper Mills in Japan（90）67Gotsu Mill, Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd.

03
49
50

Committee report
Essay on Intellectual Property
Coffee break

73
76
79
88
89
91

Industry News（Domestic and International）
List of Titles in Foreign Journals Received by JAPAN TAPPI
List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication
Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District
Other Monthly Statistics
News from the Association

2021 June JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL
Vol.75, No.6 Abstracts

Efforts to save power at the woody Biomass Power Generation plant , Sendai Mill
Jun Wakamatsu
Sendai Mill, chuetsu Pulp & Paper Co.Ltd
Based on the FIT (Feed in Tarif) act enforced in July 2012, Chuetsu Pulp & Paper Co., Ltd.
Sendai mill started a power generation business using 100% wood fuel as of thinning woodand general wood from November 2015. It was realized by taking advantage of the rich forest
resources in south Kyushu and our traditional efficient wood harvesting system. The
problems such as facility rising troubles and output reduction phenomenon were solved, total
operation has been stabilized finally. After that we tried to reduce equipment’s own power
consuming ratio to maximize the external power sales volume. As a result of taking actions(1) installing appropriate inverter system, (2) replacement of fan and pump to the efficient
type, (3) setting improvement of each system, the own power consuming ratio reduced from
10.7% to 10.1% and we achieved sales increase. In this paper we introduce the power saving
method in the wood biomass generating facility’s operation, implementation cases for eachequipment and finally the result of electric power saving.
Operation Experience of High Efficiency Recovery Boiler (HERB)
Katsuya YoshidaMishima Mill，Daio Paper Corporation
Daio Paper Co. installed New High Efficiency Recovery Boiler at Mishima Mill, and thecommercial operation was started from July, 2020. We have been operated this new Recovery
Boiler with own know-how of the mill, and generated power has been supplied to power gridwith Feed-in Tariff scheme.
The specialty of this new Recovery Boiler plant is to include new HD concentrator which
concentrate heavy black liquor from 78 wt % DS to 85 wt % DS. The capacity of the new
Recovery Boiler plant is 1,330 DS T/D without ash. The new HD concentrator is stand-alone
evaporation unit which is completely separated from the existing Evaporation Plant. The
new recovery boiler includes vertical air system, emulsion type liquor burner, and flue gas
cooler etc. And also the composite tube is adopted at lower furnace for measures against
corrosion.
The commercial operation of the power plant with black liquor was started from July 3,
2020. At the beginning of commercial operation, tuning of combustion was not enough. NOx
in the flue gas was relatively high, and char-bet formation was not stabilized. But the boiler
operation had been tuning to stabilize the boiler combustion to keep the contract power
generation to the grid constantly. As the result, operation was stabilized from September
2020.
The new power plant with RB has been operated commercially for 8 months, and we haves
been concentrated to stabilize the operation. Our next targets; further improvement of smelt
reduction ratio, increase of steam generation efficiency (boiler generated steam /black liquor
dry solid), lower the water consumption, and 2 years continuous operation without SD etc...

Energy saving by reducing refiner operation timeMasahiko Ueyama
Saga Mill,Oji Materia Co.,Ltd.
Saga Mill, Oji Materia Co., Ltd. has three paper machines, Machine 1, Machine 4 and Machine 5.
Almost 99% of product materials are used paper, so we are playing a part of Oji Materia as a resource
recycling mill which is producing containerboards and special paperboards. Recently, the guidelines forpaper dust has become stricter and we have been forced to deal with it. Under these circumstances, wehave operated refiner which is used to adjust freenes in usual to make paper dust in materials finely
divided. However, refiner consumes a large amount of energy such as 300kW and power consumption
unit per 1 ton of the pulp has increased. Therefore, we have discussed how to reduce paper dust without
operating refiner.
In this paper, we will introduce about energy saveing by revising the screen equipment in used paper
pulp-treatment process.
Example of drive load reduction by forming fabric
Kei Furutaka
Technical Dept. PMC・EF In-House Company Nippon Filcon Co.,Ltd
A forming fabric is an integral component in the forming section of a paper machine. It has 3 functions:① dewatering; ② formation; and ③ carry. The emphasis is on formation which directly affects paper
quality. Paper grades can differ widely in weight from low to high gsm. Forming fabric performance mustalso meet requirements for dewatering and carry, which influence production grades.
The paper industry constantly seeks high-quality paper and increased productivity. Modern paper
machines have been developed to accommodate much greater widths and run at higher speeds.
Following demands of paper makers, forming fabrics have been developed to keep up with changing
trends in paper manufacturing.
The world shares the common goal of developing a more balanced society with respect to economy andthe environment, which is exemplified by the Paris Agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emission andSustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Energy Conservation Law in Japan is composed ofstandards that guide industry and society to supply energy with lower carbon emission along withenergy savings.
Power generation in Japan is still partially dependent on burning fossil fuels, which emits significant
CO2. We need to move to power generation sources which emit less CO2. Many paper mills haveprivately-owned electrical power facility because the paper industry consumes a great amount ofelectricity. Cogeneration systems have been developed utilizing medium and low pressure steam. By
investing in fuel source change and energy saving, the Japanese paper industry’s privately-owned power
facilities emit less CO2.
Forming fabrics have already successfully reduced drive load. The Forming unit of a paper machine
can consume up to a hundred million Japanese yen per month in electricity costs. Drive load reduction
can have a positive impact on energy savings. In the past, forming fabrics designs achieved reduced
drive load at the expense of fabric lifetime. Now, the latest fabric designs are able to reduce drive load
without sacrificing fabric lifetime. This is a significant breakthrough in forming fabric technology andperformance. Here we describe actual results of drive load reduction achieved by our new andimproved forming fabric.

Operational Experiences of Ecopump turbo blower
Akio Kato
Yashio Mill, Rengo Co.,Ltd.
In recent years, the importance of corporate activities for the environment has been demanded,and our company has set a medium-term target of reducing CO2 emissions to 26% below FY2013
levels by FY2030, with environmental efforts as the most important issue. To achieve this goal,
the Yashio Mill has been actively introducing energy-saving equipment. However, regarding thevacuum system, the existing equipment had been using, and energy saving was not achieved atall. The eco-pump turbo is easy to adjust the vacuum, and there is a possibility that the power
used in the vacuum system can be significantly reduced. This paper reports on the outline,
operation experience, and energy saving effect of the eco-pump turbo that started operation in
January 2020.
Activities for Reduction of Bleaching Chemicals in Sendai Mill
Mitsuhiro Takata
Sendai Mill, Chuetsu Pulp ＆ Paper Co.,Ltd.
The pulp & paper industry has been facing a challenging situation of lower demand and pricing due
to declining domestic population and shift from paper to digital media. This has forced every paperindustry to look at opportunities of reducing their costs. Since pulp is the single largest cost in paper
making, pulp mills have been forced to reduce their costs in turn. The kraft pulp production lines at
Sendai mill of Chuetsu Pulp & Paper Industries has two lines – a continuous digester line (LBKP) anda batch digester line (NUKP, NBKP). The bleach plant with 3-stage bleaching (D0-EP-D1) was sufferingfrom high bleaching chemical costs in addition to high brightness variability.
The two key factors responsible for these high costs were [1] The bleach plant does not have an Acid
Stage (A-Stage) due to which uncontrolled and high carryover of hexenuronic acid (hereinafter called
HexA) entered into the bleaching which in turn consumes higher Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2). [2] The bleachplant was overdosing bleaching chemicals & running higher brightness to remain safe with quality
specifications.
To address the above mentioned challenges, Sendai mill installed a chlorine dioxide/
peroxymonosulfuric acid combination dosing equipment on D0-stage in 2018, which has helped
significantly. To further fix the challenges associated with manual process control, operator bias, andability for bleach plant to handle incoming variability, a Model Predictive Control system (MACS)
together with bleach load analyzers was implemented across the whole bleaching process in 2019. These
projects have resulted into significant reduction in bleaching chemical costs and final brightness
variability. This paper reports on details of these activities and obtained results.
Hachinohe Mill Air Compressor Energy Saving Initiatives
Shoichi Ogata
Mitsubishi Paper Engineering
In recent years, the importance of corporate activities with respect to the environment has beenrequired, and the Mitsubishi Paper Mills Group is working to reduce total energy and fossil fuel energy
consumption, making environmental efforts as an important issue. The power consumption of thecompressor is said to account for a large percentage of the total power consumption at the manufacturing
plant. In case of Hachinohe Mill, five compressors were constantly operating regardless of fluctuations
in demand, so we needed to adjust the air pressure according to demand. Therefore, we decided to
introduce the compressor number control system in order to reduce power consumption. In this paper,
we report the energy-saving efforts and their effects by this control system.

High Concentration Evaporators and HERB Recovery Boiler-Energy Creation by High Concentration
Evaporators-State-of-the-art Recovery Process Technology by AndritzMasato Tsuchitana
Andritz K.K.
The modern kraft pulp mill is integrating fibroline processes, recovery processes.
By upgrading or integrating a HD-unit into Recovery boiler can create more green energy and more
efficiently from the black liquor. Andritz has the state of art for the integrating the mill process to produce
more green energy from the HD-unit and Recovery boiler as the integrated one unit.
An Essay on Methodology for Innovating “JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL”
Part 12: Bidirectionality of Information required for Qualitative Enhancement and Vitalization of The Journal
Fumihiko Onabe
Professor Emeritus,The University of Tokyo(Paper Science)
The relationship between the editor and readers is significant issue for innovation of journals. To
keep symmetry of information in the journal will be attained by introducing bidirectionality in editing
process.
The twelfth article of this series is intended to analyze the significance of bidirectionality of
information and existence of critical spirits in the journal. The overall contents are described as below.
1.
Introduction
2.
Bidirectionality in communication
3.
Bidirectionality and critical spirits
4.
Critical spirits indispensable in the age of crisis
5.
A paradigm shift in the Japanese paper industry and the necessity of critical spirits
6.
A method for introducing bidirectionality in the Journal
7.
Editorial engineering aiming for systematization of editing techniques
8.
Epilogue
Revolutions in the history of civilization induced by paper
Part 5: Parchment and vellum that succeeded papyrus
Kiyoaki Iida

Parchment and vellum were used more than 2000 years as writing media, are made of untanned skinof animals such as sheep, calf and goat, Vellum is the finest one made from young animals,
Animal skin had a long history of writing media. Then, in the 3rd century B.C., Egypt banned on theexport of papyrus, main writing media at that time, to Pergamon. To cope with it, Pergamon developedmass production of parchment. The most laborious work in manufacturing is scraping skin, which iscomparative to beating in paper and papyrus productions.
Compared to papyrus, parchment is thin, strong and written on both sides of a sheet, and can beformed to codex, though unstable to humidity change,
Parchment codices steadily substituted papyrus scrolls in Roman society. In medieval Europe, though
paper spread in the region by way of Islam, variable books were still of parchment. Then, theReformation turned Europe to society of paper.

Preparation of raw materials for cellulose-nanofiber blending water-based paints- Application of soda-anthraquinone cooking and peracetic acid bleaching Forest Research and Management Organization
Kengo Magara, Eiji Togawa, Satoshi Kubo and Tomoko Shimokawa
We have studied selected applications of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) prepared via the wet fibrillationof pulp treated with cellulase in a bead mill. We observed that the weatherability of water-based wood
paint can be improved when using CNFs as an additive in the undercoat paint (sealer). For theapplication, however, the low dispersibility of CNFs obtained from commercially available
papermaking pulp caused a major problem while adding the CNF to the sealer. From a preliminary
study, we established that a uniform blend comprising the CNFs and sealer needs low-viscosity CNFs
prepared from a low-viscosity pulp. In this study, we used the soda-anthraquinone (AQ) cooking
method to prepare a low-viscosity pulp for reducing the viscosity of the CNFs. The soda-AQ cooking
and the following multistage bleaching with oxygen, peracetic acid, and alkaline hydrogen peroxide
decreased the viscosity of the pulp to about 3 mPa･s, while brightness ranged from 73% to 81% ISO.
Furthermore, the simplified process of single-stage bleaching with peracetic acid after soda-AQ cooking
also resulted in a low-viscosity pulp (viscosity of 3.7 mPa･s) with a brightness of 73% ISO. From thisresult, we concluded that the process is appropriate for small-scale operations to produce CNFs for the
specified small-scale industries with no experience in pulp production.

JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALCONTENTS

7

July 2021

Vol. 75, No. 7

Energy Saving Ⅱ
1 Steam Reduction by the Applied Thermo-compressor to PM14 Drainage System……Kanji Kobayashi

5 Development of LEDsystems Available Under High Temperatures and
Humidities of Paper Dryer Hoods……Yasuyuki Funagayama
10 Water Saving Activities at Niigata Mill……Yousuke Namekata
14 Realization of Energy Saving in Factory Water Supply Equipment ThroughE-pump……Nobuo Omura
18

Activities of Energy-conservation at Kumagaya Mill……Tatsuya Miyazaki

23

The Activities for Energy Saving in Tomioka Mill……Masafumi Nii

Topics & Information

28 “Nano Adhesion Technology” and “Coating Reinforcement Technology” Solve“Trouble...” in the World……Yohei Watanabe
31 Operating Experience of Automatic Tail Threading……Mayumi Kawano
35 Water Treatment Comprehensive Solutions for Stable Operation by Kurita……Yasuhiro Kagawa, Hiroki Katsura, Keiji Suruga and Takashi Saigusa

41 Revolutions in the History of Civilization Induced by Paper
Part 6：Silk Road, India and South-East Asia……Kiyoaki Iida

50 An Essay on Methodology for Innovating “JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL”

Part 13：New Possibilities of the Journal as Viewed from the Origin of Editing ofInformations……Fumihiko Onabe

Introduction of Research Laboratories（140）54

Institute of Wood Technology, Akita Prefectural University

Research Report（Original Paper）

56

Examination of the Microminiaturization of Cellulose Composite Particles for
Ink-Jet Printing Application………Takashi Okuda and Yasushi Ozaki

Pulp and Paper Mills in Japan（91）71Nakatsu Mill, Oji F-TEX Co., Ltd.

03
75

Committee report
Papyrus

83
87
96
97
99

Industry News（Domestic and International）
List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication
Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District
Other Monthly Statistics
News from the Association

2021 July JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL
Vol.75, No.7 Abstracts

Steam reduction by the applied Thermo-compressor toPM14 drainage system
Kanji Kobayashi
Fuji Mill，Nippon Paper Industries Co.,Ltd
Nippon Paper Industries has set a target of "reducing total energy consumption by 1.0% year-on-year"
as a measure against global warming as stipulated in the "Environmental Action Plan" based on the
Nippon Paper Group's Green Action Plan. At the Fuji Plant
various energy-saving activities arepromoted and efforts are made to achieve the target, under the energy conservation promotion systemthrough subcommittee activities for each manufacturing process.
In this paper, we introduce a case where steam saving could be attempted by installing an additional
thermo-compressor in the pre-dryer of No.14 paper machine, which is a liner paper machine.
Development of LEDsystems available under high temperatures and humidities of paper dryer hoods
Yasuyuki Funagayama
Kyoritsu Densyo Co.,Ltd.
The dryer process at paper mills is extremely harsh with a temperature of 90 degrees ± 5 degrees anda humidity of 90%. In the field test, typical LED lightings could be lit continuously for only several
months because of abnormalities in the LED lighting and troubles in the power supply. Our company
has been working on many experiments for several years and succeeded in commercializing LED
lightings with the heat resistance of 70 degrees, but there was concern that the LED lightings and thepower supply would be defective in the heat resistance range of 80 to 100 degrees. With the cooperationof Oji Materia from the spring of 2019, we have set the goal of "Development of Products with Heat
Resistance of 100 degrees and Humidity Resistance of 95%" in the dryer hoods, and by breaking awayfrom existing LEDs in terms of heat insulation system and durability. We have commercialized"Special Structure LED (Separated Power Supply Type)". We started the actual equipment test in May
2019 and achieved our first goal of 12 consecutive months of lighting. (As of December 20, it has been lit
for 19 consecutive months)
Water saving activities at Niigata Mill
Yousuke Namekata
Hokuetsu Corporation Niigata mill
HokuetsuCorp. has a "Minimum Impact" that minimizes all the burdens on the environment. So far,
we have aimed to build a minimum impact mill by reducing CO2 emissions as a measure against global
warming, taking measures against air pollution, and taking measures against water pollution.In
particular, the Niigata Mill, which is a core mill, has been actively implementing various initiatives andcapital investment to lead all mills because of its large scale. The idea is the same for saving water. The
Niigata Mill launched a water-saving project in December 2017, and all departments cooperated inwater-saving activities. Introducing the content of the initiative.

Realization of energy saving in factory water supply equipment through E-pumpNobuo Omura
GRUNDFOS PUMPS K.K.
Grundfos is a pump manufacturer based in Denmark with annual production of 16 million units
worldwide and sales offices in 55 countries. The E-Pump, which we developed based on the principles of
the SDGs adopted by the United Nations in 2015, is an energy-saving product that contributes to Goal
13: “Take concrete actions on climate change”. The vertical, multistage centrifugal pump, which welaunched for the first time in the world in 1973, is equipped with a pump controller that enables optimal
operation, which contributes to energy conservation by optimizing not only wasteful water consumption
but also the entire pump system. The E-pump integrates the functions of the control box into the pump,and can control the pump (constant pressure, constant flow, constant water level, constant temperature,etc.) via sensors and external input/output signals connected to the on-board controller. In this project,
we use the constant pressure control and flow rate stop functions to utilize the volume control function,
which enables us to control the required number of pump operations according to load fluctuations. As aresult, the power consumption and CO2 emissions of the water supply system in the plant weresignificantly reduced.
Activities of energy-conservation at Kumagaya Mill
Tatsuya Miyazaki
Kumagaya Plant, LINTEC Corporation
It is supposed that greenhouse gas causes various kind of climate change such as increasing
global average temperature. Currently, reducing the amount of greenhouse gas emission is one of
the significant issues around the world since greenhouse gas causes sea level rise, acidification,
drought and flood.
New international framework “Paris Agreement” was adopted in the 21st Session of the Conference of
the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 21). Japan set a
goal of greenhouse gas reduction 26％ by FY 2030 compared to FY 2013, and companies are taking
actions to achieve the goal.
As Energy Saving Act calls for an effort to decrease annual average energy consumption intensity
more than 1％, companies must struggle with energy conservation and CO2 reduction activities.
In above circumstances, this paper introduces a case of contributing to energy saving and CO2 reduction
by installing gas engine cogeneration system and replacing RPF production equipment through energy
services.
The Activities for Energy Saving in Tomioka Mill
Masafumi Nii
Tomioka Mill,Oji Paper Co.,Ltd
The Tomioka Mill has set an energy saving target of "1.5% reduction in annual energy saving".
Then, the entire mill is working in energy saving activities.
In recent years, the environment surrounding the Tomioka Mill, where paper for printing are the main
products, has become increasingly severe, and energy saving activities is a major pillar supporting not
only CO2 emission but also profit of the mill.
In order to achieve energy saving targets and contribute to the mill profits, we are raising the awarenessof all employees, and grass-roots activities are being continued, such as digging into past energy savingcases and horizontal deployment of energy saving cases from other mills.
In this paper, we will introduce our energy saving activities and examples at the Tomioka Mill.

"Nano Adhesion Technology" and "Coating Reinforcement Technology"
Solve "Trouble..." in the World
Yohei Watanabe
Somay-Q Technology
Somay-Q Technology is a technology development laboratory that solves problems in the world. It is
possible to reinforce and prolong the life of deteriorated concrete, iron parts, etc. using the "nano adhesion
technology" and "coating reinforcement technology", which are the unique technologies of Somay-Q
Technology. Somay-Q Technology can be reinforced only by painting without replacing the objects, so
wasteful industrial waste is not generated. In addition, no replacement is required, resulting insignificant cost savings. It is also widely used in niche fields such as floor paints that can be applied evenwith oil and rust preventive paints that do not require keren(Work to remove rust). We have many
achievements already, and we are expanding not only to the private sector but also to public works.
Operating Experience of Automatic Tail Threading
Mayumi Kawano
Yashio Mill ，Rengo Co., Ltd.
The Japanese population has been declining since its peak in 2008, and the labor shortage problem
has emerged and started to become social issue. In order to allow diverse human resources to perform
an active role, we are reviewing work styles from the viewpoint of long working hours and work-lifebalance. In addition, we are also trying to improve total factor productivity (TFP) in our company. As
part of this, we are reviewing the work that requires a long time experience and promoting the
installation of equipment that allow both new employees and women to handle paper machine easily.
In order to make our working environment better, we have installed the automatic sheet threading
device that can shorten the threading time, secure operator’s safety and enable everyone to do a good
performance without experiences. This report introduces the outline of the automatic sheet threading
system and the operation status after the installation.
Water treatment comprehensive solutions for stable operation by Kurita.
Yasuhiro Kagawa, Hiroki Katsura , Keiji Suruga and Takashi Saigusa
Pulp and Paper Industries Department, Kurita Water Industries Ltd.
Recent environment around paper industry has been changing, especially in regard toincreasing paper recycle rate. It causes in fluctuation of furnish quality, that influence on machinerunning stability and paper product quality. In such a complicated situation, we focus on“water”used a lot in paper-making process to improve productivity.
In this report, we first describe the problems caused by changes in the raw materials used. Next,
we will introduce effective microbial control methods that use a combination of inorganic slime
control agents and aeration, optimal wet end control technology that follows changes in water
quality, and water quality control methods that use S.sensing®. Then, we will report the casewhere the water quality control of the raw material process and the paper making processcontributes to the stable operation of the entire factory including the drainage process.

Revolutions in the history of civilization induced by paper
Part 6: Silk Road, India and South-East Asia
Kiyoaki Iida

The paper which became common in the third and the fourth century in China was spreading
westward via the Silk Road that was a trade root since ancient ages. The manuscripts, found at Loulan
and written in the period between the third and the sixth century, consisted of a large volume of wooden
slips and few paper documents. The Dunfuang, manuscripts which covered the age from the fifth to theeleventh century, were mainly paper documents. A large number of Buddha’s texts copied on Kozo paperin Tang dynasty were there, along with documents written by several native kingdom tribes living along
the road with their own languages. It suggests that native tribes developed their own languages andcivilization based on writing with their own letters in the several centuries between the dates of the two
manuscripts. The paper that became available might induce the move, which the Buddhism definitely
helped. It made the area including China a common culture region.
The paper making in India started in the eighth century by way of Islam and grew big in the 15th
century. Many Chinese Buddhist monks visited Nalanda in India to get original Buddhism texts. One
monk described use of paper in Indian Buddhist society in the 7th century.
The sea lane which left the Southern China, turned round the Malay Peninsula, passed the Indian
Ocean and arrived at the Arabia was the other important trade route, which some Chinese monks
traveled. A monk reported that Sumatra Island was prosperous with Buddhism from India using paper
from China in the 7th century.
An Essay on Methodology for Innovating “JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL”
Part 13: New possibilities of the Journal as viewed from the origin of editing of informations
Fumihiko Onabe
Professor Emeritus,The University of Tokyo(Paper Science)
Returning to the starting perspectives of the editor and readers relationship, the significance of
information in editing was analyzed. The significant points to be emphasized are that the readers as
human being are collective entity or ensemble of a variety of huge and multiple information obtained
innately and acquired during growth and learning processes. The thirteenth article of this series isintended to seek innovation of the Japan Tappi Journal based on the above notion. The overall contents
are described as below.
1. Introduction
2. The editor and readers relationship as viewed from editing of information
3. A methodology for enhancing the reason for existence and the value of the Journal
4. The difference of the meaning between “editing” and “compiling” in editing process
5. A possibility of enhancing added values by relative increase of “editing”
6. General principles for enhancing attractiveness of the Journal
7. In search for a methodology for innovating the Japan Tappi Journal
8. Parallel use of the paper media and electronic media for the Journal
9. Epilogue

Examination of the microminiaturization of cellulose composite particles for ink-jet printing
application
Takashi Okuda ,Yasushi Ozaki
Research Institute, National Printing Bureau, Japan
Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) are expected to be a utility new material made by finely pulverized wood
pulp. With the introduction of CNF, various functional materials will be able to be added to paper toenhance anti-counterfeiting technology.
In order to develop new functional papers, CNF and functional materials were mixed and treated ina spray dryer. As a result, it was possible to produce cellulose composites into which functional
materials and CNF had been integrated.
In this study, ink-jet printing (IJP) techniques were applied to effectively fix cellulose composite
particles on paper. For the purpose of discharging droplets of the cellulose composite particles with IJP,
it was important that the particle size must be small and uniform. Three kinds of cellulose composite
particles which were produced by using CNF of different degrees of disintegration were estimated for
IJP.
The particle size of cellulose composite particles made from TEMPO-oxidized CNF was the smallest
and the most uniform. However, the particle cellulose composites made from TEMPO-oxidized CNF
were formed gel in water. Because of that, discharge liquid of IJP was prepared as the liquid basedwith solvent. Eventually, the cellulose composite particle droplets could be stably discharged with IJP
and strongly fixed to the paper.
As it is possible to discharge droplets with IJP, this technique can be expected to be applicable invariable security fields in the future.

JAPANTAPPI JOURNAL 8

August 2021

CON T E N T S

V ol. 75, N o. 8

Pulp
1

Report on 26th Pulping Sem inar ……Pulp T echnical Com m ittee, JA PA N T A PPI

4

Org anic Chem istry of Cook ing and Bleaching Reactions……Y uji M atsum oto

11

A pplication of Catalyst T echnolog y in Pulping Process―A pplication D evelopm ent to “Catalyzer-type Cook ing A ccelerator”―……T ak ashi T anak a, T oshio Y am ada and Shun I w ayam a

21

T he K eenest Stock Preparation T echnolog ies for Board Paper―Counterm easures for W orse W aste Paper Quality―……Jiro U rata

26

D iag nosis of Lim e K iln for I m provem ent K iln Operation……K iyoshi I noue32

H istory about Steels U sed for E quipm ent in K raft Pulp M ills……M asaharu M enjo

35

A N D RI T Z A -Recovery+ Chem ical Recovery Concept……K azunori Ohm ori

T opi cs & I nf or m ati on
40 ―K eep Proposing Better Solution ! ―A Break throug h Chem ical A pproach to Operational Stability w ith N I SSI N -PCM
（ Nissin Pitch Control M ethod）, W hich H as been I nherited Since I ts
E stablishm ent……Osam u T anino
45 Revolutions in the H istory of Civilization I nduced by Paper
Part 7： K orean Peninsula, V ietnam and Japan……K iyoak i I ida

49 A n E ssay on M ethodolog y for I nnovating “JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL”
Part 14： Sig nif icance of M aintaining the D iversity in the D ual-natured Journal……F um ihik o Onabe

53 T he N ex t Japan Paper A ssociation’s T arg et for the Recovered Paper U tilization
Rate……T atsuyuk i Ok uda
R esear ch R epor （t Or i g i nal Paper ）59

Safety E valuation of Cellulose N anof ib ers produced from Soda-anthraquinone
Sug i pulp by E nzym atic T reatm ent and W et m illing……T om ok o Shim ok aw a, K eng o M ag ara, M asanobu N ojiri and N orik o H ayashi

03
57
58
76

Com m ittee report
E ssay on I ntellectual Property
Cof fee break
Papyrus

82
86
96
97
99

I ndustry N ew s（ D om estic and I nternational）
List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication
Price list of D om estic Log s and W ood Chips by D istrict
Other M onthly Statistics
N ew s from the A ssociation

2021 August JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL
Vol.75, No.8 Abstracts

Organic chemistry of cooking and bleaching reactions
Yuji Matsumoto
Wood Chemistry Laboratory, The University of Tokyo
The basic understanding of delignification reactions was achieved almost half a century ago. However, it
was not clarified until recently why the difference of wood species affects the easiness of delignification.
Hardwood lignin and softwood lignin are different by the presence of syringyl type aromatic nuclei in theformer. In addition, there are wide varieties in the lignin characteristics (structure and amount) depending onwood species, environment of growing site, portion in the wood, portion in the cell wall, and so on. However,clear tendencies were found to be observed in the variety of lignin characteristics by taking thesyringyl/guaiacyl ratio as an index. We have shown that the lignin chemical structure has a significant effecton the chemical reactivity such as delignification during chemical pulping. In this report, I review the recent
achievements of my laboratory about the quantitative relationships between lignin structure and reactivity.

Application of catalyst technology in pulping process-Application development to“catalyzer-type cooking accelerator”Takashi Tanaka, Toshio Yamada and Shun Iwayama
Functional Chemicals Development Laboratory
Product Development Department
Institute of Surface Science and Technology ,Chemicals Unit
Nicca Chemical Co.,Ltd
Recycling of waste paper is an important issue for environmental protection. In recent years,
decreasing of demand for recycled pulp and shortage of waste paper as raw material have become serious
problem due to decrease in the subscription volume of printed materials such as newspapers andmagazines. The paper industry needs to consolidate recycled pulp equipment to adjust production
volume. Among them, many efforts have been made to close the gap between the used paper collection
rate and the used paper utilization rate. Therefore, there are now situations where even poor quality
used paper must be used.
There are two significant quality problems in the deinking process of used paper. One is the problem
of UV curable ink printed matter. In 2016, we combined surface science and catalyst science, and we
proposed a "catalyzer-type deinking agent" that was excellent in miniaturization of the ink.
The other is a problem called pitch (dust, dirt) generated during the paper manufacturing process using
used paper. There are many origins of pitch, such as the adhesive for postal slip, back glue and resins incoating agents.
In particular, used paper recycling plants are facing this pitch problem as often as UV curable ink
problems. Thus, as the solution of pitch problem, the development of a new generation of pitch control
agents has been required for many years in the paper industry.
This time, we have developed the "hydrolyze-type pitch control agent" that can accelerate thedissolution of pitch and prevent it from becoming huge by decomposing the resin by applying the catalytic
technology used in the "catalyzer-type deinking agent".
On the other hand, in order to produce pulp from plant lignocellulosic materials such as wood, it isgenerally treated with alkali or sulfites for cooking. Pulp is produced by the cooking method, whichremove lignin or natural resin components from lignocellulose material by dissolving, dispersing,decomposing, and filtering.
However, at present, reckless deforestation of natural resources such as timber is regulated due toenvironmental problems, and the price of timber is rising. Therefore, increasing pulp production per unitof raw wood and producing high quality pulp products have become more and more important.
As a method for solving these problems, a method using a cooking accelerator thatenhances cooking efficiency is known. Furthermore, in recent years, a safer cooking
accelerator has been demanded. This time, we have found that this catalyst technology can be applied not only to deinking
agents and pitch control agents, but also to pulping processes from lignocellulosic materials.
In this paper, we introduce newly developed “Catalyzer-type cooking accelerator” that has the potential of pitch control
effect as well as the cooking promotion effect in the cooking process.

The Keenest Stock Preparation Technologies for Board Paper- Countermeasures for Worse Waste Paper Quality Jiro Urata
AIKAWA Iron Works Co.,Ltd.
Due to a change in the Chinese recycle paper procuring policy, the amount of recycle paper
exported to China from Japan has been fluctuated significantly, decreasing from 2,750 thousand
tons in 2018 to 1,283 thousand tons in 2020. There is a marked tendency for recycle paper to beoversupplied in Japan.
On the other hand, from the middle of 2019, the demand from our customer, the paper mill,has been shifting from improving yield to energy saving, but recently, the desire to maintain thepaper quality by using low-priced recycled paper has become conspicuous.
There are two ways to save energy, one is to achieve the target by simply reducing energy
consumption, and the other is to increase the capacity of existing equipment and improve the power
intensity.
Regarding the improvement of the power intensity and the use of low-priced waste paper, there
is an overlap of strengthening the dust removal capacity compared to the conventional equipment.
I will introduce the process that focuses on the pulpig system, together with some case studies.

Diagnosis of Lime Kiln for Improvement Kiln Operation
Kiyoshi Inoue
Consulting Department, Taiheiyo Engineering Corporation.
TEC has developed techniques to diagnose more than 100 cement Kilns and to achieve energy-saving
and to increase production.
By using the energy-saving techniques adopted in cement plants, TEC has conducted extensive study
in Lime Kiln operation, achieved following successful results towards reduction of the fuel consumption
and production increase.
1) Diagnosis of Lime Kiln : TEC have conducted a diagnosis study on Lime Kiln towards the existingprocess/operational problems and to found optimal countermeasures for reduction of the fuelconsumption.
2) Replacement of existing Kiln Burner: By replacing the existing Kiln Burner with Taiheiyo’s TMP
Burner (Taiheiyo Multi-purpose Burner), has achieved improved burnability efficiency andreduction in the amount of primary air.
3) Adjustment of Lime Cooler: For the improvement of heat recovery efficiency of existing Lime Kiln
Cooler, Grate Speed Control and Airflow Control was adopted to Lime Kiln Cooler, for better
cooling efficiency.
4) Adjustment of Kiln Operation: TEC has conducted O2 concentration control and the of raw meal
filling ratio in the Lime Kiln have optimized.
As a result of adopting above countermeasures, 8% to 15% reduction of the fuel consumption isachieved.

History about steels used for equipment in Kraft pulp mills
Masaharu Menjo
Valmet K. K.
Most of Japanese Kraft pulping mills were installed between 30 and 40 years ago. Under the corrosion
circumstances, the equipment is easily and gradually corroded and several anti-corrosion materials
which are superior than original materials have been selected as a solution to stop further corrosion. For
the opportunity of upgrading whole equipment, superior materials can be used as well.
There are various equipment and machines in Kraft pulping mills and the materials used for such
equipment and machines also has a long history. Chemicals used for equipment and machines atfiberlines are generally clarified, thus, the selection of anti-corrosion materials (for example, Titanium
alloy) is relatively easy. However, the materials used for continuous digesters has been always the same.
That is the steel-based material. In this paper, the history of these steels will be focused and briefly
described.

ANDRITZ A-Recovery+ Chemical Recovery Concept
Kazunori Ohmori
Andritz K.K.
Over the years, chemical recovery technology suppliers have worked with pulp mills to “close” thechemical recovery loops in order to reduce emissions and effluent – and also to increase recovery
efficiency. These loop closures have sometimes led to a build-up of certain chemicals and the creation ofside streams that are either ignored or disposed of.
A major target of ANDRITZ’s recent development work has been to innovate solutions for utilizing theside streams of a Kraft pulp mill to unleash the hidden potential for generating profit, as what was once
considered “waste” can be converted to valuable raw materials for commercial-grade bio-products. The
objective continues to be operating chemical recovery systems as efficiently and environmentally soundas possible while minimizing capital investment and maximizing profits.

-Keep proposing better solution！A breakthrough chemical approach to operational stability with NISSIN-PCM (Nissin Pitch Control
Method), which has been inherited since its establishment
Osamu Tanino
Research＆Development Dept. , Nissin Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd.
The paper industry is promoting the recycling rate and environmental load reduction to increase theutilization rate of used paper and to closed system, and it is exposed to an environment where pitch
troubles due to sticky substances are likely to occur. In recent years, pitch troubles in the papermaking
process have tended to increase and become more complicated due to a decrease in the amount of highquality waste paper distributed due to restrictions on the import of mixed waste paper in China and anincrease in the utilization rate of planted trees such as Akashiya. This is one of the troublesome issues
for paper manufacturing engineers aiming for stable operation and quality improvement.
Since its founding in 1931, we have proposed NISSIN-PCM (Nissin Pitch Control Method) as the mostimportant way of thinking about pitch measures, and have been searching for new proposals for solving
pitch problems to this day.
Among these efforts, we consider that it is the most important to take optimal pitch measures in thequality process, and believe that implementing local and necessary pitch measures in each process willlead to improved quality and productivity of paper products. In this paper, we describe our latest
approach to pitch problem solving.

Revolutions in the history of civilization induced by paper
Part 7: Korean Peninsula, Vietnam and Japan
Kiyoaki Iida

China took the direct presence in Korean Peninsula in the first Century B.C., and the paper whichbecame common in China was introduced there. The successive Korean Dynasties, Goguryeo, Baekje
and Silla, received Buddhism along with its manuscripts, and nurtured their cultures written on paper.
Though Chinese influence stayed strong, Korean culture progressed and invented Hangul in the 15th
Century. Its traditional paper making process is very similar to the old Japanese process.
Japan imported Buddhism and paper by way of two routes (Goguryeo and Baekje). Around 600, it
began to contact China in direct.
Vietnam was occupied by China for about 1000 years from 111 B.C. of which influence stayed long. In
the 13th Century, it invented a writing system in which Vietnamese language was adapted to Chinses
characters, and used it along with an older system. The writing system was standardized in 1945 after
the revolution. Its traditional paper making process is very similar to the old Japanese process except it
uses inner bark of dó tree.
The paper making process which had arrived at Japan grew to perfection as Washi. It is valued thatJapanese culture written on paper expanded a new possibility of the function of paper.

An Essay on Methodology for Innovating “JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL”
Part 14: Significance of maintaining the diversity in the dual-natured Journal
Fumihiko Onabe
Professor Emeritus,The University of Tokyo(Paper Science)An organization of the Japan TAPPI has dual nature: i.e. industrial and academic. Therefore,
maintaining the diversity in the management of organization as well as editing the journal is not easytask. The fourteenth article of this series is intended to analyze the problems stemmed from thisnature and seek possibilities of maintaining the diversity based on the overseas documents(Finlandand UK) and author’s past experiences in Canada and France. The overall contents are described as
below.
1. Introduction
2. Fundamental sciences vs applied sciences & technologies
3. Fundamental and applied sciences & technologies in the area of pulp and paper(Finland and UK)
4. UK’s Fundamental Research Symposium focused particularly on fundamental sciences in the areaof pulp and paper
5. The dual nature of the Japan TAPPI as briefly glimpsed from its research meeting business
6. Personal experiences on the relationship between fundamental research and applied research :an
example in the area of Wet End Chemistry
7. Author’s research experiences in Canada and France
8. Epilogue: dual nature & diversity

Safety Evaluation of Cellulose Nanofibers produced from Soda-anthraquinone Sugi pulp by Enzymatic Treatment
and Wet milling
Tomoko Shimokawa, Kengo Magara, Masanobu Nojiri, Noriko Hayashi
Department of Forest Resource Chemistry, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute
Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) is a promising new material used in a wide range of industries. The
application of soda-anthraquinone cooking of sugi (Japanese cedar) and subsequent nanofibrillation of
the enzymatically treated pulp by wet milling enabled us to establish a simple integrated manufacturing
process to obtain sugi-CNFs. However, there are concerns that the sugi CNF might be mutagenic orcause skin irritations; therefore, we tested these hypotheses. Acute oral toxicity test using mice showedno abnormality, with an LD50 value of over 2000 mg/kg. Also, the sugi CNF was found to be nonmutagenic in the bacterial reverse mutation test. In addition, no anomalies were detected in the in vitro
chromosomal aberration test using Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells. Moreover, the CNF treatmentof rabbits in dermal irritation or corrosion tests did not produce severe dermal irritation or corrosion or
distinctive signs of toxicity. Erythema was observed in the site of 5wt% CNF application in all the tested
animals one hour after the CNF application ended; however, erythema disappeared by the 48th hour. As
a result, the sugi CNF was evaluated to be in the non-irritating category. According to the results fromthe guinea-pig maximization test, which predicts skin sensitization, the effect of the sugi CNF wasclassified as the weakest grade. In conclusion, the sugi CNF is unlikely to cause mutagenicity inorganisms. In addition, the level of skin irritation caused by the sugi CNF is within the normal range ofhandling.

JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALCONTENTS

9

September 2021

Vol. 75, No. 9

Papermaking Technology Ⅰ
1 Report of the 25th Papermaking Technology Seminar……Papermaking Technology Committee, JAPAN TAPPI

4 History and Current Trends of Forming Fabrics……Takashi Iwamura
12 Press Part of Basic Theory and Transition, Latest Trend……Yoshiki Kabutoya
17 Performance and Effects of Thermal Spray Application to Various Wire Rolls―TS-03112μ Which Greatly Extends the Life of Plastic Wire―……Kimiaki Iwane

Topics & Information

22
26
31
35
40
49

Operating Experience of Canvas Cleaning Equipment……Tetsuya Saito
Latest Dryer Surface Cleaning Technologies……Tsuyoshi Yoshino
Novel Combination Strategy of Branched-type Amphoteric Polyacrylamides forPaper Strengthening Agent……Makoto Kobayashi
GOEBEL-IMS―IMS Technologies Group―Tailormade Slitter Rewinders for Specialty Papers―……Shinichi Tanaka

Revolutions in the History of Civilization Induced by Paper

Part 8：Islamic Empire……Kiyoaki Iida

An Essay on Methodology for Innovating “JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL”

Part 15：A Futurological Perspective Required by the Journal……Fumihiko Onabe

Research Report（Original Paper）

54

Inkjet Printable Polypyrrole-ITO Conducting Inks……Yukihiro Tsugita and Shuichi Maeda

62

74th JAPAN TAPPI General Meeting

03
53
65

Committee report
Coffee break
Papyrus

72
76
84
85
87

Industry News（Domestic and International）
List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication
Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District
Other Monthly Statistics
News from the Association

2021 September JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL
Vol.75, No.9 Abstracts

History and current trends of forming fabrics
Takashi Iwamura
Technical Dept. PMC・EF In-House Company Nippon Filcon Co.,Ltd
Forming fabrics are used at the forming section of a paper machine in the papermaking process.
The main functions of a forming fabric are: ① Dewatering pulp slurry ; ② Dispersing pulp fiber and thecreating the sheet; and ③ Transferring sheet from the forming section to the press section of a paper machine.
Before reaching the forming fabric, the pulp slurry consists of about 99% water and is mixed in Head Box.
On the forming fabric the pulp slurry is dewatered, and it is transformed to sheet for paper products. As the
sheet is transferred from the forming section to the press section, the sheet has a moisture content of about
80%.
It is said that the origin of forming fabric is very old. We have used forming fabric before Louis Robert ofFrance invented the first continuity paper machine in the world in 1798. Early Forming fabric was first madeof metal. Metal forming fabrics were still used until around 1975.
Later, plastic forming fabric was developed to aim for high productivity. Paper machines have evolved,
increasing in size and speed to meet the current demand from the paper industry, aiming for high quality andhigh productivity. To meet the current demands of paper industry and the latest machines, forming fabrics
have evolved as well.
In this session, we introduce the history of forming fabrics structure from single-layer to triple-layer, andtheir evolution alongside the advancement of paper machines. Finally, we present NIPPON FILCON’s latest
designs, including the cutting-edge “N”series for high speed paper machines.

Press part of basic theory and transition, latest trend
Yoshiki Kabutoya,
Paper Technology, Valmet Japan
Situation of automatically paper machine operation with high speed ask more efficiency energy
cost more stable operation. The main role of press part is removing wetting mechanically before
dry part. This is very important because of the amount of water dewatered in the press partaffects heat consumption and cost in the subsequent dry part. Further, when dewatering
efficiency in press part is quite good, the strength of the wet paper is increased, and trouble due
to paper break and wrinkles are less likely to occur. Paper quality also regarded importantbecause it require less difference in density between top and bottom surface, and smoothness andbulkiness of surface.
In this section, according to the required role of the press part, I focus on changing the basic
form of the press part and changing press type to improve water removal and operation. And
introduce shoe press, equipment, latest trend.

Performance and effects of thermal spray application to various wire rolls-TS-03112μ which greatly extends the life of plastic wire Kimiaki Iwane
Tocalo Co.，Ltd Sales Division
In the wire part of a papermaking machine, the wire roll (Wire roll, Breast roll, Drive roll) is
usually a rubber cover roll.
Recently, ceramic spraying has been increasing. Rubber cover rolls cause uneven wear in 1 to
2 years due to friction with plastic wire. Uneven wear has an adverse effect on the life of the plastic
wire, and it is necessary to replace the wire early at the papermaking site. As a remedy, ceramicspraying has been used for more than 20 years and has achieved a certain effect. However, theceramic sprayed coating has a low coefficient of friction and easily slips with the plastic wire, andcannot be used for a drive roll. Therefore, the effect of improving the life of the plastic wire islimited. We started to develop special ceramic thermal spray coating (TS-03112μ) with highfriction coefficient more than 15 years ago. After various evaluation tests with the cooperation ofa wire manufacturer, the first roll was delivered to the on-top former drive roll in 2005. After
undergoing various evaluation tests with the cooperation of a wire manufacturer, the first roll
was delivered to the on-top former drive roll in 2005. As a result, it was proved that the slip ratio
was equal to or higher than that of a rubber roll for a drive roll. As a result, it was proved that theslip ratio was equal to or higher than that of a rubber roll for a drive roll. Since then, TS-03112μhas been mainly used only for drive rolls, but its surface performance has also greatly contributed
to extending the life of wires by adopting it for normal wire rolls and breast rolls. Many customers
who have adopted TS-03112μ have reported that the wire life has reached 1.5 to 2 times.
Operating Experience of Canvas Cleaning Equipment
Tetsuya Saito
Kushiro Mill,Oji Materia Co.,Ltd.
L-1 M/C in kushiro mill, Oji Materia, which produces linerboard 1,207 ton per day, is one of the largest
linerboard machines in Japan. The linerboard of this machine is composed of three layers; bottom layer
is formed by Fourdrinier, middle and surface layers are done by Belbond-former.
Although we had taken a variety of measures against paper sheet defects derived from sticky
substances in dryer part to improve production yield, we had problems especially at the upper side of thefirst section canvas. As a countermeasure, we installed the “fabriKeeper” in May 2019 and have obtained
good results. We will report consideration of introduction and our operating experience about thisequipment.
Latest Dryer Surface Cleaning Technologies
Tsuyoshi Yoshino
Design Department / AIKAWA IRON WORKS CO.,LTD.
There are increasing problems of the dirt and rust due to the deterioration of the raw material quality
and the unevenness of the dryer surface caused by a long-term usage. The dirt on the dryer causes thepaper break, which leads to poor drying efficiency and uneven moisture profile. In addition, the removing
the coating waste by hand is a time-consuming work and creates a health and safety issue. Furthermore,
the improvement of product quality is more and more required, and the dirt removal from the dryer
cylinder is therefore essential. This paper introduces the latest technology of the cylinder surface
cleaning on the paper board making machines, specialty paper making machines, and tissue making
machines.

Novel Combination Strategy of Branched-type Amphoteric Polyacrylamides for Paper Strengthening Agent
Makoto Kobayashi
Research & Development H.Q., Paper Chemicals, Arakawa Chemical Industries, Ltd.
In recent years, recycling of waste paper and closure of water systems in paper machines have been
progressing from the viewpoint of environmental protection. However, if waste paper is recycled, thestrength of pulp fiber and the fibrils on fiber surface are reduced, and the strength of paper obtained fromrecycled pulp fiber is reduced. In addition, since the fiber length of the pulp is shortened, the freeness is
reduced and the productivity is deteriorated. In order to supplement them, paper strengthening agent isessential at the time of paper making. As paper recycling and water systems closure progresses, finefibers and dissolved electrolytes are accumulated in the papermaking system, leading to an increase inelectrical conductivity. Under these circumstances, the internal paper strengthening agent cannot givean inherent flocculating and strengthening effect, because the ionic bonds between pulp and paper
strengthening agents are blocked by dissolved electrolytic substances such as anionic trash.
We have internal paper strengthening agent suitable for high electrical conductivity, but we are notable to deal with sudden environmental change caused by increased usage of waste paper and seasonal
factors meticulously. In order to solve these problems, we have developed a novel combination strategy
by using two kinds of branched-type amphoteric paper strengthening agents which have different
properties and adjusting their mixing ratio in accordance with changes of the papermaking condition.
GOEBEL-IMS – IMS Technologies Group-Tailormade Slitter Rewinders for Specialty PapersShinichi Tanaka
Itochu Machine-Technos Corporation
GOEBEL IMS is the world's leading provider of slitter rewinders for converting paper and board,
tobacco, films, alum foil, aseptic packaging and other special materials. The range of products includes
slitter rewinders and winding machines for the production and converting process, as well as inspection
and spindle machines for processing. Our machines are developed and manufactured at production sites
in Germany and Italy. Itochu Machine-Technos Corporation is responsible for Japanese market.
Everyone knows the several advantages of paper, however, not all people are aware about thethousands of innovation and improvement to give to paper new applications on new markets. Everyday
somewhere around the world someone is experimenting a way to combine paper with other materials toreach new features and find an application on the market. Sometimes the single markets are pushingthe innovation, sometimes the scientific community is offering new products or new features to be
profited on the market. We share our fundamental philosophy to manufacture the tailormade machine.

Revolutions in the history of civilization induced by paper
Part 8: Islamic Empire
Kiyoaki Iida

The Islamic Empire which rapidly expanded its territory, starting from the Arabian Peninsula, collided
with the Tang dynasty which enlarged its control over central Asia at the Talas River. Due to theirdirect contact, the paper making technology was transferred to the Islamic society.
Abbasid Caliphate made use of paper enthusiastically to govern its large territory and to civilize society
around. In 300 years since the Talas war, paper production even spread to the Iberia Peninsular. A bookmarket was born and prosperous in Bagdad. It moved to Damascus after the devastation by Mongol.
After the Timur occupation of Damascus, Cairo became the center. In the 13th century, Italian who got
the production know-how exported paper to Islamic world. Then, the Islamic production and bookmarket was prosperous in Iran in the 14 century and on.
The Islamic paper was made of linen rag from fax, which was beaten using wheel power. After sheetforming, the sheet was air-dried. Then, it was coated several times with slurry of wheat powder to makeits surface hard enough for pen-writing.
The paper, in the beginning, was accepted to write Koran on it. Then, encouraged by Abbasid Caliphate,book production, mostly hand-copied, exponentially increased, as civilizations such as Heroinism andIndian’s were translated and Islamic civirization itself developed finely such as in mathematics,
commerce and so on. The 14th century was regarded as its golden age.

An Essay on Methodology for Innovating “JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL”
Part 15: A Futurological Perspective required by the Journal
Fumihiko Onabe
Professor Emeritus,The University of Tokyo(Paper Science)
We are living in a chaotic contemporary society and it is not easy task to foresee the future fraught
with uncertainties. Covid 19’s pandemic environment further increases the haziness and uncertainties
in the future society. However, the management judgement has to be adequately done even underthese difficult business environments.
The fifteenth article of this series attempts to analyze the methodology of futures studies associatedwith the paper industry based on the recent academic achievements of “futurology” or “futures
studies”. The overall contents are described as below.
1. Introduction
2. What is “futurology” like ?
3. The reason for considering plural scenarios for painting a vision of the future
4. The difference between the science & technology and political, economical & social issues infuture prediction
5. The new areas created to the paper industry’s perspectives by the futurology
6. An author’s experience from “Pulp and Paper Technology Forecasting Committee”
7. The necessity of developing scenarios and roadmaps with multi-layered perspectives
8. Epilogue
Inkjet Printable Polypyrrole-ITO Conducting Inks
Yukihiro Tsugita and Shuichi Maeda
Information Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology,Tokai University
We have prepared organic conducting nanocomposite particles which utilize polypyrrole as conducting
parts and small ITO particles as dispersants. The nanocomposite particles of polypyrrole and ITO
represent potentially useful processable forms of polypyrrole, normally intractable conducting polymers.
The conductivity of polypyrrole-ITO nanocomposite particles was two orders of magnitude higher thanbulk polypyrrole under the same condition. We confirmed that these polypyrrole-ITO nanocomposite
particles can be utilized as conducting inks due to their high colloidal stabilities.

JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 10

CONTENTS

October 2021

Vol. 75, No. 10

Papermaking Technology Ⅱ
1 Roles of Retention and Drainage Aids in Papermaking Process……Naho Murata, Kenji Sakai and Goichi Hayashida

7 Tissue Machine Technology of Andritz
14
21―Stock Preparation and Shoe Press―……Toshio Okunishi

Latest Technologies and Grade Conversions in Overseas……Arisa Oki
Introducing Inertial Shaking unit Allimand……Yasuo Harikae

Topics & Information

26
31
35
40

Development of Choi-Suki Kun Series―Challeng of Sheeting Technology for Cellulose Fibers and New Materials―……Yasuyuki Yazaki“Reactive Polymer” of AXISZ system for Wet-end Optimization……Kazutaka Kasuga, Koichi Tadaki and Hiroyuki Oishi

PCMC’s Approach to Adapt to Changing Conditions……Taihei Kashibe
Polyacrylamide-based Pitch Control Agent for Pulp and Papermaking Process（Ⅱ）……Shuji Hitoosa and Takuji Sodeyama
45 Revolutions in the History of Civilization Induced by Paper
52

Part 9：Paper and Printing……Kiyoaki Iida

An Essay on Methodology for Innovating “JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL”

Part 16：Functions of Journals Required as External Storage Devices of Human Beings……Fumihiko Onabe

Introduction of Research Laboratories（141）55

Conservation Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Conservation, Tokyo
University of the Arts

Pulp and Paper Mills in Japan（92）58

Kanto Mill（Katsuta）, Hokuetsu Corporation

03
63

Committee report
Papyrus

68
73
81
82
84

Industry News（Domestic and International）
List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication
Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District
Other Monthly Statistics
News from the Association

2021 October JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL
Vol.75, No.10 Abstracts

Roles of Retention and Drainage Aids in Papermaking Process
Naho Murata, Kenji Sakai and Goichi Hayashida
Shonan Research Center, HYMO Corporation
In papermaking process, retention and drainage aids provide many benefits such as improving
sheet quality, enhancing productivity, and extending life of fabric.
The roles of these aids have become more and more important because the rate of fines andfiller in furnish has increased as the papermaking environment has changed.
Retention and drainage aids have ability to coagulate and flocculate pulp and filler throughionic interaction mainly. However, too large floc worsens the formation, paper strength anddewatering. Therefore, suitable chemicals and systems are required. Polyacrylamide, watersoluble synthetic polymer, is one of the typical chemicals because it can adjust the molecularweight, ionicity and charge density easily.
The technology of retention and drainage system made advanced to address acid-free
papermaking, increasing speed of paper machines and reduction of fresh water. However, in
recent years, more complicated and difficult issues in papermaking process have been increasing,for example deterioration of runnability caused by low-quality materials and demand formaintaining sheet quality despite the basis weight reduction. We have solved these problems byapplying characteristic pitch control agent in combination with retention aid and new retention
aid developed by our unique "selection-technology".
Tissue machine technology of Andritz-Stock preparation and Shoe pressToshio Okunishi
Andritz K.K.
In this report,described are three characteristic topics which Andritz has in its tissue machinetechnology. First the ShortFlow system,which can realize a concept “ Paper is made in the stock
preparation process” is made up of few numbers of equipment and verified control technology. It
can improve reproductivity of the operation and make changes of paper grade and color smoother.
Next we reviewed a basis of the refining theory and then two types of the Andritz refiner ispresented,that is,Cylinder type refiner ( Papillon refiner) and Disc type refiner ( Twin flowrefiner). Both can realize to improve fiber strength and fiber flexibility with keeping refining
conditions constant during refining process. Last Andritz third generation shoe press ispresented. Its load mechanism can make the cross direction line load perfectly even. It has also
a flexible shoe design and edge control system. Therefore the shoe can follow the Yankee contour
faithfully. It has both higher dryness mode and higher bulk mode and the mode adjustment canbe made on the run.

Latest Technologies and grade conversions in overseas
Arisa Oki
Valmet K.K.
As we all know it the world is changing fast; the consumption of newsprint and printing/writing
paper is decreasing. The consumption of packaging grades are increasing due to the increasing ecommerce and sustainability awareness. An old paper machine can be updated with a gradeconversion rebuild to produce more profitable products like containerboards, cartonboards or special
papers.
The main idea of this article is to discuss about considerations and things to look out for based on
experiences from paper machine grade conversion projects. Formerly grade conversions have been
conducted typically for higher value end products. Nowadays grade conversions are typicallyconcentrated of converting printing grades to packaging grades or to specialty grades. Valmet has
gained wide experience of grade conversions.
The change of paper and board making environment is greatly influencing in further development of
production lines. Traditionally paper and board making lines have been more far away from eachother. Higher production speeds due to light weighting of containerboard has brought these processes
closer to each other. In addition, new technologies in wet end and sizing give wider production
flexibility compared to conventional paper or board machines.
The successful grade conversion requires a market study and plans, how new raw materials arepurchased. The concept selection and target dimensioning should take the current premises into
account and a sufficient schedule for planning and conversion phases should be in place. The sufficientquality level of new end products is needed to be able to enter the markets and low enough production
costs should be secured.
The new technologies enable wider possibilities to utilize existing premises with limited modifications
and can give a great boost to show the potential along this development.
Introducing Inertial Shaking unit Allimand
Yasuo Harikae
ITOCHU MACHINE-TECHNOS CO.,INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY 3 DEVISION
This paper introduces an inertial shaking device as a recent wire part technology in Allimand's
technology.
It is known that the operation of the shaking device in the wire part of the Fourdrinier paper
machine improves the increase in moisture passing from the fiber through the wire, the texture,and the improvement in the strength of the paper.
Allimand's inertial shaking device, combined with the Breast roll's sliding bearing mechanism,makes it possible to eliminate unwanted vibrations from the device, make it compact, andimprove the ease of setting the Breast roll amplitude and frequency.
Development of Choi-Suki Kun series-Challeng of sheeting technology for cellulose fibers and new materialsYasuyuki Yazaki
Research & Development Dept, Kobayashi Engineering Works,Ltd.
It has been over 200 years since fourdrinier machine was developed as continuous paper machine in
1798. After that, cylinder paper machine was developed and paper industry has achieved outstanding
progress. In addition to wood pulp, animal origin: leather, feather, plastic origin: chemical fiber andmineral origin: mica have been used as row materials. We developed many products such as Success
Former and Ultra Former Series, and have been provided them to paper industry. Along with that, wehave dealt with paper machine for friction material base-paper, battery separator and specialty paper
for car, medical, aerospace and airline industries. In recent years, many industries including paper, havebeen specializing in new materials such as CNF (Cellulose Nano Fiber). Accordingly, we have received
testing inquiries for making sheets of synthetic fibers mixed with these fibers, inorganic fibers and mixed
these two materials.
In this paper, we introduce how the development of Choi-Suki Kun went, all sorts of testing machine,
the results of testing and delivery cases.

“Reactive Polymer” of AXISZ system for Wet-end Optimization
Kazutaka Kasuga, Koichi Tadaki， and Hiroyuki Oishi
SOMAR Corporation
The ultra-high molecular weight type retention agent that we have introduced so far has achieved
high retention properties and improved drainage on many papermaking machines. However, in recent
years, when applying a retention agent to a paperboard machine, it is often required not only to improve
the retention properties, but also to improve the fixability of paper chemicals and drying property andfurther reduce the paper defects. To solve these problems at the same time, we have developed a newconcept, "Reactive Polymer Technology", which has an optimized polymer structure.
Since the retention effect of "Reactive Polymer" is sustained due to the share of screens, etc., it ispossible to improve the formation and dryness of problems when an ultra-high molecular weight typeretention agent is applied to a paperboard machine. In addition, as a function that conventional retention
agents do not have, the action of the polymer after shearing improves the fixability of the pitch
component and the internal additive. Therefore, papermaking can be performed with a small amount ofinternal additive, which is effective in reducing white water load and paper defects. Currently, as thenext step, we are studying with the goal of introducing "reactive polymer" from the retention agent tothe coagulant.
In this report, we will introduce application examples based on the test results of the new “Reactive
Polymer”.
PCMC's approach to adapt to changing conditions
Taihei Kashibe
Paper Converting Machine Company Far East Inc. Japan Branch
PCMC's Forte Surface Rewinder has unique winding technology. It keeps the embossing even fromthe beginning to the end of the winding process, making it possible to produce high-quality rolled
products such as toilet paper and kitchen paper. It is possible to produce from the standard small
diameter products for the household to a large-diameter commercial product with one unit.
Conventionally, different machines were required for each category, but by being able to use them
together, it will save space and enable operations by a small number of operators.
It has an open design, good accessibility, and easy to understand the status of parts and operating
status of each part, which brings clean and highly efficient work to the production site. In addition, rolls
without a paper tube (coreless) can be produced, which not only expands the product lineup and promotes
sales at the paper mill, but also contributes to environmental protection by reducing household waste. It
can also be used for non-woven fabrics and can also produce bottles and center pulls (canister products).
In this article, I would like to introduce Forte's characteristic technology that allows it to continuously
produce high-quality products with its simple and sophisticated design.
Polyacrylamide-based Pitch Control Agent for Pulp and Papermaking Process(Ⅱ)
Shuji Hitoosa and Takuji Sodeyama
Paper Chemicals Development, R&D Center, R&D Company, Harima Chemicals,Inc.
Deposits of organic contaminants can cause serious problems on runnability or quality of paper. The
contaminants come from natural wood (pitch) or synthetic resin from recycled fiber (stickies). They bringnegative impact on the paper making process from pulp mills to paper mills.
Recently, there is an increase in usage of cheaper and lower quality wood in Kraft pulp process. This
trend is bringing more wood contaminants in the system, resulting in more pitch troubles in pulping andpaper making process. There is also increasing demand for the measures to solve these problems.
In Japan paper industry, the conscious for food safety and health have been growing. Paper chemicals
including pitch control agents for food packaging materials need to be compliant with regulations for foodcontact materials in each country.
To solve these problems, we have developed FDA approved poly acrylamide-based pitch control
agents, “AS series“ for both pulping and paper making process. In this report, we report the features,
optimal condition for the chemical program, product lineup and trial results of AS series.

Revolutions in the history of civilization induced by paper
Part 9: Paper and Printing
Kiyoaki Iida

As paper became available, more copies of texts such as Baddish scriptures were wanted. Then, printing
was developed.
In Japan, one million miniature towers, 20 cm high, were fabricated in the 8th century and eachcontained a sheet of printed scripture, 5.4 cm wide, in it. They were the first printed products with theclear date in the world. The copying by hand, however, was being common, and temples occasionallypublished scriptures by woodblock printing for their believers. In the early Edo period, metal movabletype printing was tried and in vain. So, the culture, prosperous in the Edo, was supported mostly by finewoodblock printing.
In Korea, Buddhist scriptures were frequently printed by woodblock in the 13th-15th centuries. In the
14th century, meal movable type was invented for printing, first in the world. Hangul was developed
which was favorable for movable type in the 15th century. In spite of them, and partly by historicalprohibition of Hangul use, the metal movable type printing could not be pervasive and was used only inprivileged class.
In China, woodblock printing was in use in the 7th century, and got to its golden age in the 13rd
century. In the 15th century, many kinds of books were published by woodblock printing. As the need forcopies increased, movable type printing was devised. The clay type was used in the 11th century, wooden
type in the 14th century, and cupper type was in the 15th century. A large number of Chinesecharacters, however, made it difficult to be pervasive..
The Islam got to know paper in the 8th century, and published books by hand copy as well as woodblock
print, a number of which increased exponentially. In the 15th century, Italian printers mastered metal
movable type printing, started to print Arabic texts and exported them to the Islam. The Islam, on theother hand, prohibited to print Arabic texts, accepting an advice from Koran copyists. It was a turning
point for them to be left behind the advanced civilization they had once enjoyed.
An Essay on Methodology for Innovating “JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL”
Part 16: Functions of Journals required as External Storage Devices of Human beings
Fumihiko Onabe
Professor Emeritus,The University of Tokyo(Paper Science)
Emergence of writing materials had liberated human brains from memorizing a variety of daily
happenings and informations. This historical fact led to the birth and evolution of human culture andcivilization.
The sixteenth article of this series attempts to analyze the roles and functions of journals as humanexternal storage or memory devices. Human-Journal system is regarded as an information eco-system.
The overall contents are described as below.
1. Introduction
2. Complimentary and widening relationship between human-being and machine
3. Internal and external storage devices of human-being
4. Formation of micro-cosmos in a human brain as internal storage device
5. The roles of journals as external storage devices required for productivity enhancement andinnovation
6. Combined and parallel usage of analogue and digital devices and equipments as external storage
devices
7. The predominant characteristics of paper media reconsidered from media theories
8. Reframing the birth of the Digital Agency in September 2021
9. Epilogue

JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 11

CONTENTS

November 2021

Vol. 75, No. 11

Pulp and Paper Research Conference
1 Report on the 88th Pulp and Paper Research Conference……Wood Science Committee, JAPAN TAPPI

10 Woody Biomass Refinery by Thermochemical Conversion―Expected Role for the Pulp and Paper Industry―……Haruo Kawamoto

14 Miscibility between Cellulose Nanofiber and Polymer Emulsion：A Colloidal
Science Perspective……Hiroto Soeta, Yohsuke Goi and Kazuhito Jinno
16 X-ray Diffraction Analysis of a Trace Amount of Components in Papers Using
the High Speed Detector……Toshitatsu Takei and Eriko Tawara
Topics & Information

20 The Effect of Paper Lint on Misfeeding and Its Evaluation Method……Yosuke Tsukiyama, Tetsuya Tsumori, Misaki Asada and Isami Nitta

25 Wood-Based New Functional Materials “MinerPa®”―Development of Mineral Particles/Pulp Fibers Composites―……Hiroto Matsumoto,Moe Fuchise-Fukuoka, Toru Nakatani, Masatoshi Oishi and Shisei Goto

29 ANDRITZ Cutting-edge Digital Technology for Stable and Safe Recovery Boiler
Operation……Kazunori Ohmori
34 Revolutions in the History of Civilization Induced by Paper
Part 10：Developments in Europe……Kiyoaki Iida

Research Report（Original Paper）

42 Safety Assessment of Cellulose Nanofibers Obtained from Soda Cooking Bamboo
Pulp：Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test, Mouse Lymphoma Thymidine Kinase
Assay, Micronucleus Test, and Repeated dose 90-day Oral Toxicity Study in
Rats……Tomoko Shimokawa, Kengo Magara, Tsutomu Ikeda, Noriko Hayashi, Mutsumi Ogawa,
Tetsuya Takao and Eiko Nakayama

03
41
75

Committee report
Essay on Intellectual Property
Papyrus

81
86
96
97
99

Industry News（Domestic and International）
List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication
Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District
Other Monthly Statistics
News from the Association

2021 November JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL
Vol.75, No.11 Abstracts

Woody Biomass Refinery by Thermochemical Conversion– Expected Role for the Pulp and Paper Industry –Haruo Kawamoto
Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University
Due to the global worming issue, CO2 emissions from the use of fossil resources need to be reduced bysubstitution to renewable resources. In such a background, the use of woody biomass as chemicals andmaterials is drawing attention, because about 10% of petroleum is currently used for material production.
Thermochemical conversion is one of the conversion technologies expected for that purpose. Renewableelectricity has multiple options, including solar, wind and geothermal, but biomass is the only renewablecarbon source. Therefore, it is important to develop an efficient thermochemical conversion technologythat can replace the petrochemical industry. In this presentation, the issues of pyrolysis of woody biomassin the production of low-molecular-weight monomers will be presented from the viewpoint of themolecular mechanism of pyrolysis. Finally, the expected role of the pulp and paper industry in the future
will be discussed.
Miscibility between Cellulose Nanofiber and Polymer Emulsion:
A Colloidal Science Perspective
Hiroto Soeta, Yohsuke Goi, and Kazuhito Jinno
DKS. Co., Ltd.
Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) has unique characteristics as rheology modifiers, dispersants, andreinforcing fillers. Incorporation of the CNF into waterborne polymer emulsion is required to improve
the rheological properties of the emulsion and mechanical properties of resulting polymer materials suchas film and coating. Miscibility between the CNF aqueous dispersion and the polymer emulsion,
however, depends on types of polymers, and the miscibility trends are unclear. Therefore, wesystematically investigated the contributions of the chemical compositions of polymer onto phaseseparation behavior of CNF dispersion/polymer emulsion mixture. It was found that the chemicalcompositions of polymer significantly affected the miscibility; the increase in the amount of anionicfunctional groups led to agglomeration of CNFs and emulsion particles. The result was discussed basedon the theories in colloid science and suggests that repulsive force induced by electric double layers andattractive force induced by depletion effect competitively affected the dispersed particles. The increase in
the surface charge is likely to enhance the depletion effect rather than the repulsive force, resulting inparticle agglomeration. The chemical modification of polymer emulsion was then carried out to improve
miscibility with the CNF dispersion. Accordingly, changing the anionic functional groups to nonionicgroups led to obtaining a homogenous mixture of CNF dispersion and polymer emulsion. These findings
pave the way to expanding the application of CNFs to paint and coating fields.
X-ray diffraction analysis of a trace amount of components in papers
using the high speed detector
Toshitatsu Takei, Eriko Tawara
Material Analysis Center, Innovation Promotion Division, Oji Holdings Corporation
The X-ray diffraction has widely been used for identification and structural analysis of crystalline
substances. Although the Scintillation detector(SC detector) is generally used for the X-ray diffraction
analysis, the sensitivity is not enough for the qualitative analysis of a trace amount of components.
Therefore, we investigated to apply the high speed detector to the X-ray diffraction analysis of a trace
amount of components. The high speed detector detection unit with multiple semiconductor elementsallows much shorter measurement time than the SC detector. Also the high speed detector has highsensitivity, and therefore is suitable for measurement of a trace amount of components. In this research,
we report an example of analyzing trace substances in commercially available functional paper and red
precipitate in the pipes with the high speed detector.

The effect of paper lint on misfeeding and its evaluation method
Yosuke Tsukiyama, Tetsuya Tsumori, Misaki Asada and Isami Nitta
Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University
One of the general problems of the MFPs is misfeeding due to paper lint. Despite the generality of thisproblem, the detailed friction mechanism is not clear. Furthermore, in recent years there are so many
paper brands in oversea markets and the development of a simple evaluation method about paper lint
is a growing demand among major manufactures of the MFPs. In this paper, we describe the mechanismof the decrease of friction between rubber roller and paper in association with paper lint. Because themechanism depends on the relative size of the paper lint particle to surface roughness of paper, we should
evaluate not only the paper lint amount on the paper, but also the effect the relative size of the paper linton the contact and friction. We conclude that the evaluation method JBMS-88 is one of the simple andlow-cost method as the friction-based evaluation method.
®

Wood-Based New Functional Materials "MinerPa "-Development of Mineral Particles/Pulp Fibers CompositesHiroto Matsumoto, Moe Fuchise-Fukuoka, Toru Nakatani, Masatoshi Oishi and Shisei Goto
Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd.
One of the useful approaches to functionalize paper is hybridizations of inorganic fillers and pulp
fibers. By adopting a unique pulp-modification technology, Nippon Paper Industries have developed
composites of mineral particles and pulp fibers, named as “MinerPa®”, which are wood-based functional
materials. Herein, we will report some practical examples of using MinerPa® which we have conducted;
preparations and evaluations of papermaking adequacy and functionalities in sheet.
Each composites of calcium dioxide (CaCO3), Barium sulfate (BaSO4) or hydrotalcite was individually
prepared by in-situ reaction under existence of pulp fibers in water. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
observation showed that the surface of pulp fiber was densely covered with inorganic particles, which
was observed at three composites. By using obtained composites as raw materials, a papermaking
process was conducted to evaluate its practical usage by using a machine. A sheet of BaSO4/pulp
composites was continuously producible and made with remarkably high first-pass retention (97.0%)
and first-pass ash retention (96.5%) despite of its high ash content (over 65%). Further investigation ofa sheet of BaSO4/ or hydrotalcite/pulp composites was conducted to evaluate its functionality. Eachcomposite sheet showed a characteristic function attributed to inorganic particles loaded on pulp fibers.
A sheet of BaSO4/pulp composites showed an X-ray shielding properties, and a sheet of hydrotalcite/pulp
composites revealed to have a high deodorant and anti-bacterial performance.
These results suggest that MinerPa® would provide a new functional material based on wood-based
resources, which will be considered to contribute to protect global environment or ecosystem andfacilitate using sustainable resources.

ANDRITZ Cutting-edge digital technology for Stable and Safe Recovery Boiler Operation
Kazunori Ohmori
Andritz K.K. Capital Systems Sales
Digital technology, such as IT, IOT, and AI has been rapidly progressing and is pervading into people's
lives, supporting them and enriching their lives. These digital technologies are creating a new added
value for the pulp and paper industry as well. ANDRITZ has developed "Recovery Smart Business" forEvaporator, Recovery boiler, White liquor plant and Power boiler. The Recovery Smart Business is atechnology solution that combines cutting-edge digital technology and ANDRITZ’s process know-how.
Its state-of-the-art digital technology is divided into six sub-technology groups such as Smart sensor,
Robot solution, Digital Twin, Process optimization system, Digital advisor and Advanced visual analysis.
One of the Recovery Smart Business using these cutting-edge technologies has already been put into apractical use in the Recovery boiler process as “Smart Recovery Boiler”, and not only stable operation
but also the safety of the equipment and the operator has been improved. The Smart Recovery Boiler
can be installed for the recovery boiler whether it is new or existing.

Revolutions in the history of civilization induced by paper
Part 10: Developments in Europe
Kiyoaki Iida

Islam got paper in hands in the 8th century. Abbasid Caliphate not only used it for administration but
also copied precedent civilizations on paper and evolved its own culture, which increased paper
consumption exponentially. Cairo had prosperous paper industry and book market.
On the other hands, Europe, after the collapse of the Roman Empire (372-410), suffered from troubles
like invasions by different ethnic tribes, reduction of population, decline of trade and business, andincreased immigrants. However, things turned around in the 13th century. The population and theeconomy grew significantly, and science and philosophy restored. At that age, Europe began to use paper.
In the 1000s, paper was manufactured in Islamic Spain and Sicily. Between 1000 and 1300, the examplesof paper use were recorded and found in several places in Europe. In the late 1300s, a paper mill started
operation in Italy, the technology of which was transferred to Germany and later advanced to England.
In those days, Europe was superior to Islam in mining and metal engineering, which helped Italian todevelop mold with metallic wire and stamper covered with iron. These developments and their original
gelatin immersion reduced the cost of paper production, and Italian exported their paper to Islam as an
exchange for pepper and silk. In the 18th century, Cairo became just a despot to Arab business and lostits book market.
In Europe, the economy grew steadily and civilization was restored, paper consumption increased andmore numbers of copies were wanted. Then, the metallic movable type printing system was invented,
which, cooperative with paper, helped to induced historical social revolutions.
Their paper making process is briefly reviewed.

Safety assessment of cellulose nanofibers obtained from soda cooking bamboo pulp:
bacterial reverse mutation test, mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase assay, micronucleus test,
and repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study in rats
Tomoko Shimokawa, Kengo Magara, Tsutomu Ikeda, Noriko Hayashi
Department of Forest Resource Chemistry, Forestry and Forest Products Research InstituteMutsumi Ogawa, Tetsuya Takao, Eiko Nakayama
Graduate School of Life Sciences, Showa Woman’s University
Bamboo plants, especially Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), grow rapidly and are suitable
resources for reuse loop. With the aim of utilizing Moso bamboo for future application in food materials,
cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were prepared from bamboo pulp via alkaline cooking with wet milling afteran enzymatic pretreatment. The certification test revealed that bamboo CNFs were more nano-sizedthan microfibrous cellulose which is a recognized food additive. Accordingly, the CNFs cannot beclassified into the microfibrous cellulose category. Therefore, we conducted bacterial reverse mutation
test, in vitro mouse lymphoma TK (thymidine kinase) assay, and in vitro cell micronucleus test on the
Chinese hamster lung cell line and confirmed that the bamboo CNFs exhibited no mutagenicity.
Furthermore, a repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study was conducted on rats using 1 wt% bamboo
CNFs suspension, which revealed no abnormality on long-term ingestion. No deaths were observed inany of the administration groups throughout the test period and no effects of the test substance wereobserved on rats under general conditions, urinalysis, and ophthalmologic examination. In addition,
hematological examinations, blood biochemical examinations, organ weight measurements, necropsy
findings, and histopathological examinations performed after the administration period showed noeffects of the test substance on the rats. Since no toxicity due to the test substance was observed in either
the male or female administration group, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) under the test
conditions was determined to be 200 mg/kg/day or more for both males and females.

JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 12

CONTENTS

December 2021

Vol. 75, No. 12

Environment
1 A Report of the 28th Environmental Conference……Environmental Technical Committee, JAPAN TAPPI

2 From Paper Manufacturing Process to Wastewater Treatment Process Kurita’sComprehensive Method of Reducing Environmental Load……Chise Fukuda
8 Precautions for Outsourcing Waste Treatment in COVID-19 Infection
19
26
30
42
54

……Hironao Sakamoto

Fundamentals Knowledge and Visualization of Noise―Visualization with Acoustic Camera and Simulation―………Takeshi Hirata
Ammonia Co-firing in Coal-fired Power……Tadashi Sumida

CCUS Initiatives and Future Policy Direction……Kotaro Hirano
Internal and External Situations Surrounding the Global Warming Issues andChallenges for Japan……Jun Arima
Towards 2030

―Study Results of the Working Group on SDGs―………Akihiro Aikawa

Topics & Information

59
65
68

Revolutions in the History of Civilization Induced by Paper

Part 11：Innovations and Revolutions in Europe Induced by Paper……Kiyoaki Iida

An Essay on Methodology for Innovating “JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL”

Part 17 : On the Ethics as Related to the Freedom of Editing Journals……Fumihiko Onabe

The Oldest Extant Paper in Japan and the Oldest Extant Paper Written in Japan……Naohiko Tsujimoto

Introduction of Research Laboratories（142）78

Laboratory of Composite Materials, Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science,
Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University

03
77
80
81

Committee report
Essay on Intellectual Property
Coffee break
Papyrus

84
89
92
103
104
106

Industry News（Domestic and International）
List of Titles in Foreign Journals Received by JAPAN TAPPI
List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication
Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District
Other Monthly Statistics
News from the Association

2021 December JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL
Vol.75, No.12 Abstracts

From paper manufacturing process to wastewater treatment process
Kurita's comprehensive method of reducing environmental load
Chise Fukuda
Kurita Water Industries, Ltd.
In recent years, the environment surrounding the paper industry has been changing day by day due
to changes in water quality and operating conditions. Above all, fluctuations in the raw materials forused paper are expected to affect the environmental load of the entire factory from the manufacturing
process to the wastewater treatment process. In other words, in order to solve the environmental load
issue, it is necessary to take a comprehensive approach that captures changes in the water quality of theentire factory. From the perspective of improving productivity and reducing the environmental load, weare focusing on "water", which is often used in the paper manufacturing process.
This report first describes the challenges posed by changes in the raw materials used. Next, as amethod of solving the environmental load problem, the first is an effective microbial control method
combining an slime control agent and aeration, and the second is the application of an optimum
flocculant and coagulant suitable for water quality. Third, we will introduce a water quality management
method using S.sensing® that responds to changes in water quality and operations.
Precautions for outsourcing waste treatment in COVID-19 infection
Hironao Sakamoto
ENVIPRO HOLDINGS Inc.
The processor is in an environment where improper processing is likely to occur, and in the past
there have been cases of "cross-flow" by the processor.
Against the background of the case where food waste commissioned by food manufacturers was
sold as food by an industrial waste disposal company in Aichi Prefecture, penalties for false
statements in the manifest were strengthened.
The main problems of the case are: (1) Since the industrial waste treatment flow is unclear, thedischarger and the administrative agency cannot notice the reason for violating the Waste Disposal
Law such as the forged description of the electronic manifest. ， (2) Insufficient information on
industrial waste treatment companies makes it difficult for waste generators to identify goodindustrial waste treatment companies ， (3) Improvement of treatment companies after revocationof permission It is not subject to orders, etc.
Violations that are likely to be made by disposal companies include permission of waste type, whois the discharger, whether they are processing, linking after the secondary contractor, andreturning the manifest.
As a measure to minimize the risk of improper processing by the processor in COVID-19 infection,
it explains the points to note when using the preliminary survey sheet and performing remote
audits.
Fundamentals Knowledge and Visualization of Noise-Visualization with acoustic camera and simulationTakeshi Hirata
Nihon Onkyo Engineering Co.,Ltd.
Noise Improvement Div.
There has always been a noise problem for the outside and in recent years there has been a growing
concern about the noise of working environments. The fundamentals of acoustics in solving the problem
can provide some pathway to countermeasures. Moreover, by visualizing sounds that can only be judged
by the ears, it is possible to share information about noise problems. In this paper, we introduce thevisualization method and the simulation flow.

Ammonia co-firing in coal-fired power
Tadashi Sumida
MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, Ltd.
For realization of low-carbon society, coal-fired power plant transformation can be categorized into 3
categories, i.e., “Modification to apply lower carbon technology”, “Modification to increase flexibility” and"Scrap and Build to IGCC or GTCC".
The expansion of ammonia utilization promotes the popularization of the hydrogen energy in Japan,
and the ammonia is also being studied as a CO2 free fuel.
Merits of ammonia utilization are high hydrogen content, comparatively easy liquefaction (suitable fortransportation) unlike hydrogen, utilization of existing infrastructure technology of production,transportation and storage, direct combustion or hydrogenation, and utilization for boiler, gas turbine,
fuel, etc.
Challenges are as follows: (1) establishment of safety of ammonia facilities (improvement of laws andregulations), (2) current manufacturing method for reforming and synthesizing natural gas, which is not
CO2-free, (3) relatively more expensive than fossil fuel, (4) current condition of, utilization as fertilizer ismain, and trade volume is small.
Combustion speed of ammonia is almost equal to coal (pulverized coal), and modification of the heattransfer area is not required by the ammonia co-firing. Only the burner modification is required forammonia co-firing of the boiler. On NOx control for ammonia co-firing, we can present optimum
economical plan by retention time security of denitration in the furnace and strengthening of SCR.
We will promote decarbonization of energy by focusing on the expansion and diffusion of highefficiency, environmentally friendly power generation systems.
CCUS Initiatives and future policy direction
Kotaro Hirano
Former Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
Global Environmental Affairs Office
Assistant to the director
Climate change since Prime Minister Suga's statement in October last year, "Aiming for carbon
neutrality in 2050," and "Aiming to reduce greenhouse gases by 46％ in 2030 compared to 2013,"
at the Climate Change Summit in April this year. There is growing interest both inside and outside
the country on "CCUS" as a countermeasure technology.
In November 2019, Japan achieved a cumulative CO2 injection amount of 300,000 tons at theTomakomai CCS Demonstration Center, and demonstrated a consistent CCS system from CO2
separation / recovery to storage / injection. The injected CO2 is continuously monitored based on
the Ocean Pollution Control Law, and no signs of CO2 leakage to the ocean have been observed so
far.
Regarding CCS, in the "Long-term strategy as a growth strategy based on the Paris Agreement"
decided by the Cabinet in June 2019, "We will consider introducing CCS by 2030 on the premise ofcommercialization." Based on the provisions of this "long-term strategy" and the issues obtained
from the CCS verification test at Tomakomai, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry's
Global Environmental Measures Office has (1) CCS cost reduction and (2) CO2 transportationmeans for commercialization of CCS in 2030. We are working on various policies such as
establishment, (3) making a base by combining CCS and carbon recycling, (4) securing suitablestorage land, and (5) improving the business environment for the introduction of CCS.
In this lecture, we will report on the results of the CCS large-scale demonstration test in
Tomakomai and the direction of policy development regarding CCUS. We hope that it will help thepulp and paper industry when considering climate change countermeasures.

Internal and external situations surrounding the global warming issues and challenges
for Japan
Jun Arima
The 21st Century Public Policy Institute.
Associate Director for Research
Despite strong push from the US and the EU, emerging countries such as China, India and Russia
are opposed to the global carbon-neutrality in 2050 for achieving the goal of limiting the global
average temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius since the industrial revolution, and the phase-out
of coal-fired power by 2030. This is reflected in a divergence in the messages of G7 and G20. The
priorities on climate actions in the 17 SDGs vary from country to country.
China is shrewdly capitalizing on the global trends towards carbon neutrality. While announcing
carbon neutrality in 2060, it is expanding the market for PV panels, batteries, wind turbines, andelectric vehicles. It is benefiting from retreat of developed countries from fossil fuel sectors and clean
coal technology exports.
Under that situation, Prime Minister Suga announced 2050 carbon neutrality goal last Octoberand substantially raised Japan’s NDC in 2030 compared with 2013 level from 26% reduction to
46% reduction. He argued that Japan should pursue a virtuous cycle of economy and environment
and METI published the Green Growth Strategy specifying 14 industries and technology areas
which could contribute to Japan’s green growth and therefore should receive policy resources in aprioritized manner. However, we should also face the reality that decarbonization is not cost free
and there could be a trade-off between economic growth and environmental protection. It isparticularly so in Japan where energy cost is the highest among major countries.
Japan’s 46% target was set back-casting from 2050 carbon neutrality goal without thoroughexamination of its feasibility and economic cost. In its pursuit of 46% target, the government should
regularly monitor energy cost and compare it with major trading partners.
Given the bulk of incremental CO2 emissions will come from developing countries in the Asian
region, Japanese government and industries develop innovative technologies such as fuel ammonia,
hydrogen, CCUS and carbon recycling which are crucial for decarbonization of the region anddisseminate them by improving their cost competitiveness. This is the most fundamental
contribution of Japan to the prevention of global warming.
Towards 2030
-Study Results of the Working Group on SDGsAkihiro Aikawa
General Affairs & Public Relations Division, Japan Paper Association
Paper industry’s initiatives are highly aligned with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as forest
resources are the core of the business. Thus, Japan Paper Association set up a working group to improve
the industry’s presence on SDGs. The Working Group extracted 13 materiality of paper industry withrelated SDGs by the survey to the member companies, then identified eight SDGs to which the industry
is contributing, four SDGs the industry can contribute further and two challenges the industry needs toaddress to make further contribution to SDGs, through SDGs mapping per each materiality. The
Working Group also showed the action policies and the strategic initiatives to address the challenges.
Revolutions in the history of civilization induced by paper
Part 11: Innovations and revolutions in Europe induced by paper
Kiyoaki Iida

In the 14th century, Europe started to manufacture paper, and in almost the same time, its society
began to change dynamically.
In the Renaissance which was initiated in Italy in the 14th century, huge volumes of books weretranslated and studied. The movement asked a large volume of paper which the Italian paper
manufacturers supplied, improving its productivity and quality.
The Italian technology was transferred to the Protestant in the northern France, which became thelargest paper supplier in Europe. The thought of believing in one’s reason that had come up in the
Renaissance led to the Reformation (1517). New ideas were printed and published in large numbers, andthe Reformation was called as a new media revolution. Paper manufactured in France supported the
movement. The French technology, then, spread in Europe, due to the abolition of the Edict of Nantes

The Age of Enlightenment followed, that started in the middle of the 17th century. France was thecenter of the movement, and books became quite common in daily life. Dutch which succeeded in costdown by inventing Hollander beater became the largest supplier in Europe, being in replace to France.
The intellectual activities that paper had helped to grow yielded the Industrial Revolution (1760-1840)
in Britain. Technologies were generalized and information was effectively exchanged.by abundant
supply of paper that British paper industry afforded, which had grown to be a leading producer in Europe.
The rise of paper making in some district seemed to be well related to the economic growth and resulting
social revolution in that district. The simple work of paper making was a significant presence in a big
wave of social developments.
An Essay on Methodology for Innovating “JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL”
Part 17: On the Ethics as related to the Freedom of Editing Journals
Fumihiko Onabe
Professor Emeritus,The University of Tokyo(Paper Science)
Human beings have free wills. However, human actions and behaviors without codes of conducts willlead to instability, confusion and anarchy of the organization and society.
The seventeenth article of this series will analyze the journals in terms of “ethics as constraining
codes” in editing journals. The overall contents are described as below.
1. Introduction
2. The meaning of ethics
3. Codes of ethics as human conduct codes
4. Codes of ethics as constraining conditions of human behaviors
5. Publication ethics
6. Journal’s ethics
7. General ethics codes of academic journals
8. Corporate or business ethics
9. Ethics required for the “JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL”“
10. Epilogue
The Oldest Extant Paper in Japan and the Oldest Extant Paper Written in Japan
Naohiko Tsujimoto
The “oldest paper” that exists in Japan, that is, the “ Li Bai Document (Draft of a letter by Li Bai)”
written in China in 328, and the “oldest paper written in Japan (615)”, that is, Prince Shotoku's
autograph “Hokke gisho (Commentary on The Lotus Sutra)”, those two cultural heritages are explainedin this paper.
The raw material of the paper of “Li Bai Document” is apparent, because a part of linen cloth can beseen on the paper. On the other hand, the content of the document was extremely difficult to decipher,
but at the end of the Meiji era, a Japanese researcher succeeded in the identification of Li Bai and also
the deciphering the content, and the value of the “ Li Bai Document” became known to the world.
Regarding “Hokke gisho”, it was reported by Nara National Museum in 1921 that the paper was dyed
yellow. Until recently, the opinion that “Hokke gisho” was not written by Prince Shotoku was supportedby the academic circles of Japanese History. In this article, it is explained in six items that “Hokke gisho”
was written by Prince Shotoku, and one of the items is a research result by using a search system that
digitizes almost all Buddhist texts (about 100 volumes). I will clarify the validity that “Hokke gisho” waswritten by Prince Shotoku.