Management andUtilization of DW
Atsushi Takai(Associate Professor, GSGES, Kyoto University)
Yoshikazu Otsuka(Director, Environmental Technology Division, Okumura Corporation)

Series of Lectures on Disaster Waste
Management, 3Rincs 2021

Selfintroduction
aaAtsushi Takai• PhD in Global Environmental Studies• Background in civil engineering• 10 year research experience in utilization ofdisaster wastes

Yoshikazu Otsuka• PhD in Global Environmental Studies• Background in civil engineering• 30 year work experience for (disaster)waste management• Involved in disaster waste treatment andmanagement during 2011 Great EastJapan earthquake
Series of Lectures on Disaster Waste
Management, 3Rincs 2021

Aim and scope of this session
Understand the role of waste landfills in DWM
Understand recommended items for separationof DW
Understand transport plan of DW

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Management, 3Rincs 2021

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WHAT ARE DIFFERENCE OF
DISASTER WASTES COMPARED TO
ORDINARY WASTES?

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Type of wastes

By evacuation

1) General wastes from evacuation centers2) Medical wastes from medical centers

1) Household furnishing and belongings
By earthquake 2) Houses collapsed
3) Cars and vehicles
1) Furniture and household goods
2) Houses collapsed
3) Tsunami sediment
By tsunami
4) Fisheries5) Cars and vehicles
6) Large wastes, concrete aggregates, woods, etc.

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Management, 3Rincs 2021

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State of disaster wastes- Various wastes are mixed and need to be separated forappropriate disposal- Recycling of disaster wastes is strongly desired.

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Management, 3Rincs 2021

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State of disaster wastes- Various wastes are mixed and need to be separated forappropriate disposal- Recycling of disaster wastes is strongly desired.

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Management, 3Rincs 2021

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State of disaster wastes- Various wastes are mixed and need to be separated forappropriate disposal- Recycling of disaster wastes is strongly desired.

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Management, 3Rincs 2021

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Important concept for (disaster) waste treatment

Waste when mixed
Resource when separated

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Management, 3Rincs 2021

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WHAT ARE REQUIREMENTS FORTEMPORARY STORAGE SITE (TSS)?
(LEARN DETAILS TOMORROW)

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Management, 3Rincs 2021

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Definition of temporary storage site (TSS)- Temporary storage site (TSS) is a place to temporary store disaster
wastes before they are treated or disposed of at treatment (recycle)
plants and/or landfills.

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Management, 3Rincs 2021

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Why do we need TSS?
1) To enhance the efficiency of disaster waste transportation
2) To allow separation and enhance reuse/recycling
It is difficult to thoroughly separate disaster waste at source

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Management, 3Rincs 2021

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What are required for TSS?
1) Easy to access from affected sites but not too close toresidential areas
2) Vacant enough to treat a large amount of wastes

Waste landfills can beused as a temporarystorage site (TSS).

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Management, 3Rincs 2021

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Role of waste landfills in DWM
1) Space for separation which can accelerate recycling
Waste without separation,
resource after separation

2) Unrecyclable waste can be landfilled.
Enough remaining landfill capacity
needs to be always ensured.

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Management, 3Rincs 2021

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QUIZ 1:
NECESSARY TOOLS, EQUIPMENT
AND MACHINESFOR DW TREATMENT

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Management, 3Rincs 2021

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Basic flow of disaster waste treatment

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Necessary things for DW treatment
1. Cleaning and Collection
Personal equipment• Safety shoes (boots)• Dust mask
Tools and machines• Wheelbarrows• Wheel loader / Bulldozer• Bucket crusher / Excavator• Dump truck / Garbage truckSeries of Lectures on Disaster Waste
Management, 3Rincs 2021

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Necessary things for DW treatment
2. Storage and Separation
General equipment• Steel plate• High-pressure jetMachines• Crusher• Screen (sieve)• Dump truck

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Management, 3Rincs 2021

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CASE STUDY IN JAPAN:
SEPARATION OF DISASTER WASTESIN 2011 GREAT EAST JAPAN
EARTHQUAKE

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Management, 3Rincs 2021

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DW in 2011 Great East Japan earthquake
Concept of DWM• Preservation of the living environment

Otsuchi-cho, Iwate Prefecture
after the disaster• Fast & proper recovery from disaster• Reduction in waste disposal

Disaster waste of 2011 Disaster• Mixture of the various materials• Large amount (~30,000,000 ton)
• DW treatment was completed within 3

Disaster waste at temporarystorage site

years in most places.
• Large soil fractions (> 1/3 in weight)• Use of “recovered soils” in re‐construction

works was challenged.

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Management, 3Rincs 2021

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Why separation, instead of landfilling or dumping?
Large amount• DW generated corresponds to 10‐20 years annual waste generations in local

municipalities

Landfilling: not preferable• Lands reclaimed with the organic‐rich materials is not stable and generates

gas, toxic leachate and bad odor. In addition, unexpected fires also occur.

Separation and recycling: preferable• Separation prior to incineration.
• Low incineration efficiency for the inorganic‐rich materials.
• Incineration plants will not accept large‐size materials.

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Management, 3Rincs 2021

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Basic flow of disaster waste treatment (separation)

Collection &transportation

Rough separation at
temporary storage sites(1st TSS)

Advanced separation atsecondary storage sites(2nd TSS)
completed within 3 years
in most places.

Separated fractions‐ Metals‐ Wood chips‐ Crushed concretes‐ Hazardous materials‐ Soils
etc

RecycleUtilization
Use in cement
production
Incineration
Landfill

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Examples of DW treatment facility installed23

DW generated in the 2011 earthquake and tsunami
Plastic, etc. Wood

Metal

Concrete

Residue

2,613

657

10,627

5,292

1,444

Unit: x 103 tons

Incineration (12%)
Landfill (7%)

Recycle (81%)

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QUIZ 2:ESTABLISH TRANSPORT SCHEMEFOR DISASTER WASTE

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Transport scheme
Transport scheme• From damaged areas to temporary storage site (TSS)• From 1st TSS to 2nd TSS• From TSS to treatment, utilization or landfill

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Let’s calculate the number of dump trucks required!
280,000 t

200,000 t

WoodConcrete
300,000 t

110,000 t

MetalSoil

How many 10-t dump trucks do we need?
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Management, 3Rincs 2021

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Let’s calculate the number of dump trucks required!
280,000 t↓
28,000 cars

200,000 t↓
20,000 cars

WoodConcrete
300,000 t↓
30,000 cars

110,000 t↓
11,000 cars

Metal

Soil

The answer is … 89,000 cars!
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Management, 3Rincs 2021

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Let’s calculate the number of dump trucks required!
Loadable capacity of a 10-t dump truck is
10 ton or 7 m3

The mass of 7 m3 (ton)Material

Apparent specificgravity (t/m3)

Wood

0.4→

2.8

Concrete

1.4→

9.8

Metal

1.1
1.5→

7.7→

10.5

Soiletc…

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Management, 3Rincs 2021

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Let’s calculate the number of dump trucks required!
280,000 t↓
200,000 m3↓
28,572 cars

200,000 t↓
500,000 m3↓
71,429 cars
Wood

0.4 t/m3

Concrete

300,000 t↓
30,000 cars

110,000 t↓
100,000 m3↓
14,286 cars
Metal

1.1 t/m3

1.4 t/m3

Soil

The answer is … about 144,300 cars!
Series of Lectures on Disaster Waste
Management, 3Rincs 2021

> 89,000 cars
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Summary• Because landfills have a role of storing and separating disaster
wastes, enough space and capacity needs to be ensured fromnormal times.
• To reduce wastes disposed into landfills, separation needs to bedone as much as possible, using simple methods and machines.
• Necessary equipment for separation works needs to be preparedfrom normal times.
• For estimating the number of necessary dump trucks, apparent
specific gravity (t/m3) needs to be considered.

Thank you very much for your participation!
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Management, 3Rincs 2021

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