

J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
?4
No. +*., p. +*3++1 ,**0

   *Changes and Issues of Consolidation Techniques of Peaty
Arable Land in Hokkaido
Teruo ISHIWATA** Civil Engineering Research Institute for Cold Region, Hiragishi +῏-῏+῏-.,
Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, *0,῏20*,, Japan

% +3+* P ; V #+3,0 PW% +3+3 P ; X+    

% 0!

 -*ῌ 
,* cm ῌ  ῍ /* cm   ,/ cm   

 ! ,.  ha " #$ +33-%& 
' m ()!t8& "=?0  9!X8:;W^_(`& *+,&,   34567089 .:* !;
=;

"

&

[",=>"3%O(K! \]

-./0 12<0!YZ?", 3%bO{| -4"3%abῌ 

#>

%30 c470! dGZ

? , @A$, %&'(=>u #

=,

0 6vwe`4DpH !B)*"*CDE+" # ῏+

)=;

"

῏,%& F8 GH,

I-.(J& B8K

/%f!WU=; V"&F8


"'YZ m );WX B(

+ m ke<¨ .*ª/* m «c08¬l8&!

%i1­08{|" ¨ -0 m, "& T8567_cm 

'@"6 Ab=>`a 8 2 , cBd6Ce
fDEghiFjklG 8Kmno

3* cm "<¨ ./ m mn+3-0 P3%



8 #op

0*ª2* cm " +2 m <¨+303%& F8 q + m <¨

+303%&zR"ST

8u{|Y #+23- P ;3*,,    rs3%®4¯῏+ :°±

IpJ"

8

8&

J=>TMR7uHN:* 6vwO

}~UVD #+230 PW% V1 #+3*3 PW

0* cm "<῏.%& +3-0 Pj +2ª,1 m <¨"

HeIpJKZoLqr\st 3% O!`a 8 +3/* PQx" #y +303%&

j



#

& B8K

i #+312%% &

<¨\©8{|`a8K6[<\:=>/0?]^`a+310% ῎#+310% : +3,* P #65 3 P% §;"3%9 :;WX



,+

Q5"* $6R70"& B
U<

u #

g#? ,0! ¡¢£¤¥h¦u # ῏- ;01L2 + 3% 2 , MNO 2 - P4
R7S(T8 !;+310% ῍ 3%:* -.E

8 #etu%² +*³- cm s³+ [("* u%4´,7" #op+303%& B8K ¡i.©µ>£<3%:*(¶v%e3%Vw`* #x%y·¸_¹y·¸_ º*0,῏20*, Vz{»{¼ +῏-῏+῏-.
 :
 3% O :;W ?4! H +*. ¼ ,**0

110

ῌῌ+
Table +
"S£¤¥¦>§¨Chemical properties of soils of peaty un-reclaimed land in Sarobetu

pH

©ª9

«?¬

@­

CEC

1®¯&
Ca

Mg

K

Na

¯&
AB9

°±ª
;V

cm

H,O

KCl

y+

g g+g g+

cmolc kg+

cmolc kg+῍mgῌ+** g

&m

*#-,
-,#//
//#1/
1/#

.4-3
/41.423
.42*

-420
/4.+
.4.+
.4*1

+01
12
+0,
13

*4,/
*4+/
*4+/
*41+

*4*++
*4*,,
*4*,*4*+*

/340
014+
1,41
/*41

++41
,/40
++4+
24*

242
,+4+04/
++4-

*42
*4.
*4/
*42

+42
-4,
-4.
+43

-3
1/
..-

-3*
+/+*
+,.*
++0*

%$

*#,0
,0#/*
/*#01
01#3*
3*#+,+,-#-42/.4,.4,1
.4-2
.40*
.401

,43-4-,-4.3-4/-401
-41.

-0,
,+,
,1,
,,0
+00
+-3

*4*/
*4*3
*4*3
*4+2
*4-*400*4*+*4***4*+1
*4*,+
*4*,,
*4*+,

3/4*
/242
1-41-40/43
0+43

+*4/
/4.
/4,
.4+
,4+
+40

34/4.
.40
/4-4.4*

*41
*4.
*4.
*4*4,
*4.

-4*
,43
-4,
,4*
+4.
+4,

,/
,.
+2
+0
++
++

*
*
.**
0**
+*2*
+00*

²m

*#,/
,/#.1
.1#1/
1/#

.4+*
.4,.4..4/,

-4-0
-4-1
-4.-4.+

,1,/.
,0.
,/*

*4+*
*4*1
*4*1
*4*3

*4*+*
*4*+0
*4*+2
*4*,-

3*42
104/
0343/43

++43
24+
/4,
,42

+043
+*4.
*40
*4.

,4+
*41
*40
*4/

-4/
-4,
-42
,4,

-2
,3
+/
0

,.*
*
+*
+0*

³´µC >Dῌῌ,
Table ,£¤¥¦>§ 2 [3T\+]4!

Physical properties of soils of peaty
un-reclaimed land in Sarobetu

-g cm 
&m
%$
²m

*4+./
*4++0
*4*21

¹¸

º¸
cm- cm-

*4*30
*4*21
*4*0/

/"^_ `a *.2#+., m   $%
3#+2 m NH9? 2   b! Cc"def#? &' () g

·¸F

Ev¶

S

56 *

*41/.
*421+
*42,0

»¸
*4+/*
*4*.,
*4+*3

H ,*** 56 *
.





4  *+ ,-./-&'-&'hῌijh2 [3T\+]$kl

mῌ&m  =m =n! +

 %

? 

'oB(p qr s9 ? tuv )Nwx *Y$+=? ,y  II

FGH +303

GH /" z, {(|- }} P~MN  <C =m =ny9L.

    ?    u  /"C/0 +310 +31*   

@9m1 /* cm =/0 2  1* cm <=! " *.2#+., m, $% +,#+2 m

? 2  &'

 +310

IL 8R  b3()  +3//  *+ ,-./-&'-. 01 2 3 4

56 *789! :;01 <= : +#+.+ m>

'

!9

G 

=u  !

/" ;01" ? 6 +3// ? @   ABCD,EDF  

7 ,*** 7()=?

ut Ny!P

GHI

JK

! ,*#-* cm 'LM"NE

D?OP 2  Q &' *;$%"8R S
V TU

 CW" X YZ :$klA49 = q6? ,NGH5&'8M /"9CW&'hῌijh *;$% S : m 
}9!:

ῌ =

/-"



;<

?

 

I ῍



 +,#+2 m> ' ? 2 

D : mm d+  ^:V k : cm s+ AF +313  *

H : cm GH6  9 ῎   ¡¢+

,-./-&'-.

 : E bcN  

῍ῌTable -

N&O

111

NPEQRST

E#ects of underground water table on soil temperature$+3/+ U' $V'
0X

1X

2X

W/O

N&O
$cm'

YZ

[Z

Z

YZ

[Z

Z

YZ

[Z

N\/

,*
0*

,*4/
,+41

,-4,.4-,.4,.42

,*4.
,*40

,/4+
,/4,

,.40
,.41

,,40
,,41

,-4/
,.4,

+* cm NP

,*
0*

+.43
+04*

+043
+24.

+242
,*4+

+24/
+34-

,+41
,,4,

,-4*
,-4+

,+4.
,+42

,,40
,,42

$]^ῌ_` +303'
῍ῌ.
Table .
gaObc<&d

ef&ghiEQRST

E#ect of the interval distances and depths of open ditches on the yield in
peaty paddy ﬁeld
$kg/+* a'

$cm'

0*

3*

$m'

,1

-0

./

/.

,1

-0

./

/.

+3,3
+3-*
+3-+
+3-,

.+40
,+/41
0+41
.+4/

/24,+041
1/4+
,34*

.042
,+.41
034.
-142

-14.
,*,43
0+4.
.-40

,240
,-24/
-/4/
.*4+

-/4.
,*+4.
/-42
-041

/14/
+3.4+
0.4+
,24/

-.40
+224/+43-243. kUDlhi
mM*

3*4+
3/

3.42
+**

3+43
31

2043+

2/41
3*

2042
3,

204+
3+

124.
2-

$no +310'

mM* : pqhi=r?!g

0* cmῌ

-0 m 

= +**

?!

Uj

ῌῌ+
Fig. +uv

st

N&OEQRwx

E#ects of cutting ditches within peaty soil on the depths of underground water table.
yz* $+303' {|}~



 1./ m     /012&3 456&789: !9 +,-! ῌ;<-=>2&- ?@ ABC<-=&DEF "# $%&#' ()*+,-.

@%&EGHIJ =E K2&LM $K' =#PDI  +*. ¼ ,**0

112 kS,HkῌD*20..+ῌ,,- 
+3// 

 A :     B :#$"%

!"% &'%  % '

% ( )*+,-)% +313   % ./0123456789,
:;<, ,***  
=>? % @ABCDE2% F1GHI/% BCDE2.J23=>F1GHI/.
J23)K+, LMN8% O

PQRSTC8,?UC?-+3// => +313 VW X=>YZ [!X'% " #$%8% &R"(-\] ^% )*8\](+_L<,-  % "\]^\]&' (+_% (+ ),-`a%".b/,-` 0% +33, ,*** VW YZ [!X% 

cM>1P Z2<R% d1
Pe34f^5g8- _`hi% (+ jῌ,ib/^kl% 6mn7,OP^1P

Fig. ,

8,% " o p9q (+_L8<
-·`".pe8=¸_¹ºE#ects of di#erent tube drainages on thedepths of underground water table.
{| ,**, ^r »

r:*`1Ps;% tu% Hv7`w K)%(+_k¢ Ka% ££302lWm+8`

% x@1PQ)Ap_yB)Ka% L

 % ?j"Ln Ra; K hi%

&'

".

<=>?`s;?

z8,C K LDE % {| ,**,

+303 LMN`^a_?j" K)%

<=>&<`tu^1P8,-}D tuoe8¤p)K% rX¥qr)s~ FG W~ ^H% tu~ .I)

,¦RKa%U Jῌ,% " . pH U% KL>)M&' r:*`". x^\a% ,L Jῌ- ^5 8- LN8".

^r% ¨©ª^6t ««?

b/,-  + 9 K"O KCPQ' (+_¦)% 1P")Whq r:*R)S/IRM, Ishiwata et al.,K-+332 ; TU a, ,**0u,x^\]&-,*** V8W% "`wOP^z88

XY<8Z[*`\^f]^\] _P")e*`c=8§` - L-%¬ "N  #^­vo ®¯% ¨`<% &' 8Ra< LSb"PD*ῌC°*`IA`w^[-_L8Ma%

1P^8,cd". +ῌ+* p % SYI^SG K L-% ¬ P8

Ie fR, TU b, ,**0o Iwxy*` )8,% abA`c% +30.+300  %"8H% 7

K&' 8x_bA )z8< rz% 3

Hv0567?j"SoTm) +ῌ,*% ±+ῌ-*% bR  Ka% ,?ApS&' L-% 3 Po ®|<¦)`U% }.gR, hi% +303 q-% (+j¡-`o ` &' ¶8~a± #)²³´ YMaµU{N83  )·¸ : s¹t*ANQBeº»]u ¼K

ῌ/
Table /

113

E:LVE*±²&³´
E#ects of the depths of soil dressing
on rice yield.

E >cm@

*

-

.4/

0

3

+,

g:VEµ¶*

+**

++2

+,.

+,2

+,/

+,3

* : 7VE +** "ijῌkl >+303@ 2,5e8r>./Q +303@ +3.. )* +* S)IJT$H  ῌ CUG .F/ )0*V#$=W- ῍ 
*12,*# ῎ X,)*#$=-;

 =*QR*

1>./Q +303@ H  +3,2F+302 )HIJT$ :+,Y 0* m-ῌ+* a *2 :L +*F,*῍ ,, ,*F-*῍ V >3*Z4 [\]^ _H;Z`#$-@ =*Q
R*>? +310@ +30- )abc56d

7e*8f  0F+, cm 9 -*῍ 
g:Vh">;ῒ/ ijῌkl >+303@@:*ANmn op*"<:+=q:L*>= > T$=?Q

>./Q +303@+31* )&RQ :@rAB=st* r:CDE=0 1 F*2GuHI=JK

 v" E/*L  @rIw

MN  :uHxM1 =*QR*
ῌFig. -«

¬­q:RQq:E:Amounts of drained water and water
quality from di#erent tube drainages.

 10N " =Py " zC

>O{ >,**0@ :|ῌ}~ >,**0@@+3/* )&PGIJ 7QR5G / )|IS T$+$UC *2 " ,®¯Q >,**,@ (]°VWXVE?  v"  Y #$
Ze " f;= ,VEw [     

! " 
#$ "

ῌ%* 0 #$.ORQ [*\I-; 1 ]Q>ijῌkl +303@&T^ 

 ' ῍ ()

+30* )&*{_ `aR5*" 7

*" +,-./ ῎ sbIJ= VEN*% 801 *234 ῏  56&

f c7 T$=?Q R5Y7=Q

1 *2#7 ῐ 8*2

.

>./Q +303@ "R" vG d9 ῑ : ;!"< = >? +310@ 1

FRQL

# ῍ ῎ A2B ῑ #$C$D%&';= g;g*&( 

R5+Be=f  oa=-+h-+ 

-, 

+223 ) >*E -, )@F+3,* )&G+HIJi* ,y j8kT-F3 cm >+ KF- K@ *2:LMN ,,* ¡RQp* ¢=lm+£\¤¥

*O¦§¨F© vGpno*ªp#$=-;

P=*QR*:  +*. ¼ ,**0

114

  / T& +333 4*Y t   U*GHV3uvN wWxye2 X     !"# $% ?z *@x4W*GH N@jP

 +3/1+30+  & +303 &  +3/*+31* '()* +,%

YZA N0 wWbx {|} ,*** i%
~3>?[\.!" Nieuwenhuis and Schokking, +331  ~3]-- 

- +*.- cms.+ /0 1 StU*0dBZ 123 4%5 6.!"^,/*078 9/.0 : !" 0 cm #;/ &+303 &<$6&%=>?*&'#;/ Ih+bJ_`a/& +303 >[ +30* b6&J_Ih*0()*@A +B!CD,EF

+bi0 7 79*cd7- .*GH()/I,/

ZEe% 4%5 B:E8fg7

0 ,E06&J1K2LH3

3

& +303 3M.458/GH%# ;9JW7 

h&68i Ijk lmA,NOPQR(S678TU#9"n ,* cm,  ,*-* cm, 

*GHV4W6& B:;9X< ῌ =W +* cm /4Wh&6

>?U9

% o& +30, & 7

0*῍ 8*Y 9Z5&

H3 >[\?]+!^@_`a +3//

7n"

d79J 2 .ZE84W, p+b%(A@%% 4%5 +_`` . cdBῌdC DeH3 4%5 (cd7!"%5,qr*0,s28¡ Wf)E8Fg4&GH/Iht¢,% o& +30, Mu B:v£ye*0,J 3 K῏. i% LMN

2+B!CD,Ewx()X<6& LM

>? OLMN  *0,jPA¤¥ op ,- y2z7¦ :k3 & ,**0 & QRlm3LMn"-*.* cm, {|ῌ}~§M}B: : .*/* cm, ¨

opq*rS7jPs

B: : /*0* cm, op 1 y©o7 ¦ :.*/* cm, {|ῌ}~§M}B: : /*0* cm, ¨B: : 0*+** cm W% +^ªQF-]
+313 A6A 4_¤zW>?

d7E«X<6&¬6G% AH A­
*Y +®¯`_¤z ,*** 

5H d7A%¤zh­*Y
G%
+d7aJ

2 , °.4 +°01ad7 ,Y + °LMcd7
/0 ±+!0v^7   E«,V
.++QRuLMN0² 8*Y³
bEI A6A +QR´u1
ῌ.
Fig. .

IhW+dCoº)Pre-consolidation stresses of un-reclaimed
and farmland peaty soils.
LMN
» I?Nad7*0²µR¶·B!¸
%8 |M¹ a³M *ye2 ῌ ®¯· ]jP*;Bῌ.*d7 ῍ d7 ῎  zb MuM/b ~ ,/ cm ©A¶· : % no;=> '¸¹2º»¼

 / cm  /,/ cm   / 1 

  !"#$ %&'() +322 *115|n s*.. m CF4\k#@R-a;#N$;*
=>- +30- ()
U +*  +333 \|* U#N+,- ./012+3456789:

"gz{# +30- rP +333 "- *.2;* < =>+,-?@A B =>C+., m P qῌ/ ; P ,**, *DDEF4GH; %$%&=>- +32*  +331 

IJ '()

!'| U<- ,**- 2-,**+ *+(., 

$!'"?1$)Pr

KLM#N OP +33/   P ,**. *Q=>RST UV#W""Xk=>-Fw|+|YZ[\]#  - m *C+,

* U#N U^:;=>_` -*῍ -az{:;* #r# =>C +!vN=>

;b#N$;* P +,#NcdL_7 ¡# <7`#N$;<+x?1y U

#NF47=>_Gefg¢$-$* =>_^£#N

-a;#N$;*+k¤;¥¦N$; hiῌjk ,**,

hiῌjk ,**, lm=>Rno; +3/0 +330 pq\]rP

3* km  12῍ ,

# s*..

,.3 m, $;* U#N+!wx?1y U <§¨7P:<7a4 ©LgªN$|$**..+ m tuvN/z{:;<rP +3/. F4r|4}~

% =>?B |  « , ¬­®?¯=>-<"$ ##N$;*°.¤±²/³0´¨ +3/* /rPµῌ/Fig. /

"1

Distribution of subsidence depths after grassland reclamation.
P ,**,

Y<   +*. ¼ R,**0S

116  






  

 



r

s ῌ vwxy ῌ g}W ῌ ~uῌy ῌ rtwu R,**0S : ~

z`@<>=T j +1 kEF !  "@ $U $UerEF45X!"#

vῌ$UEFT

$%&

Ishiwata, T., Takamiya, N., Ooya, T. and Yokobori, M.

 % +3/*  '( !)*"(+332) : Properties and Components of Deposit

#* ! +,-+$,-%$ ! .

Which Occurred Inside a Drainage Tube. Soil Sci.

"&'/0!)(/)

*  . +(/1 ,- !)

rtwu R+33,S : ,2.3/0

4 !)1 ,**,  235456
 (!) 7

ῌ

9"

Y V ,

m/

m VT B -0 : 10ῌ2..
rtwuῌ

!ῌJ" R+333S : k

~<  6T B

8956:789!
;

Plant Nutr., .. : +,/ῌ+,2.

1<:;<$ !=#>=>??@AB CO,  CH. .- : ,ῌ

0.

rtwu ῌ vwxy ῌ 

! ῌ i& ῌ @9/ 8 C>A BDC#ῌX R,**,S : nrf9>= BEF$" !

 -0 ~6T U#X$ $ G  HI
"J1KLCKLDC#9 M &D6
E"NF"

R,**.S : "Q

T U#X$EF@ῌ ῏ ῎ ῍GOῌPHXN /- : 22ῌ3-.

IῌQJ R+303S : 

T UVEF?K /* WLMNV pp. +/-ῌ+12 X OPT$`XY`XYa

bZ[c\ῌ+303Vdef]^gVT _hῌ$`@hp. -*,p.

%ῌq¡ῌl&& R+30,S : I, >aYb+.2ῌ+0*$`@hUl/;mncNVT  0* :,00ῌ,11-- : .2-ῌ.22.

EF?K /* WLMNV

T j +, kno=pT q 0, k$
UerXv RlXvS \T



¨ῌ

ῌ#¡¢Q R,**0S : UV©

N ,.+ : ++1ῌ+,,.
¨ῌῌ­¥ R,**0S : ®¯°±¦§¨²ª«© h ª³T N ,.- :1-ῌ12.

¶ sIT {| 00 : .0/ῌ.1-.
{±ῌ²¥H R,**0S : o³´)· ·I$µ¶§T | 1. : 1-3ῌ

r sῌrtwuῌvwxyῌz {xῌ|u R,**/S : §´«ῌ¬ῌgµῌ­®¯q R+33/S : °$RUerf R+322S : m/yῌ¦ R,**,S : 1T | 1* : -,/ῌ-,2.

sI

$UerXv RlXvS \T

}Qῌ~



sIª«M£¤ =%¬¥T /o0p$ GT p. +..
hiuM

pp. +13ῌ+20

X OPT-00ῌ-13.

YaN R+3//S : $dqUerf R,**+S : >a1
gtas2£  R+303S : ¤ T UV

j R+33-S : $kY Q & AVY`0ῌ+02'F R + S ,:ῌ¥

-+1.

i

r

Y ^_ <¢l(T {|

JYQῌRSῌZ[T R+303S : UV \]^_
RW

EF@XN /+ : -,ῌ-/.
rtwuῌvwxyῌ 5ῌi $ῌX



1.*.

HwP R+310S : T ·ῌ¸¥¸:ῌH j z`@!  - `¹¹y ºJ /0T pp. +,+ῌ+.* $»

<>=T {| 10 : +21ῌ+3+.

º¶;»¼ OPT}¼ : CD8;56%&U

Nieuwenhuis, H.S. and Schokking, F. (+331) : Landsubsidence in drained peat areas of the Provinceof Friesland, The Netherlands. Quarterly J. Engi-  ,  p. +  .  FGH,*** :IB p. 1 JCDK L? M
 56

W56<=XY /* Z[\

@W pp. +21ῌ,,0 ? M]^_`ῌ3abῌ(cdeῌfg) ,**, : hijkl!mnUopqrUTs +313 : t u 1- : ++ῌ+/.

! pp. .0ῌ/0.



 pp. +*ῌ++.

+*2 AB?CDE 

NO**ῌPQR +303 : 560STUV

neering Geology, -* : -1ῌ.2.

 +3// : 117

 ,*** : v0wx +312 : 56y cz{| 0y"!# $ῌ%&$ p. .3ῌ0/

B p. ..0ῌ./1 }~  ,**0 : 560S

pp. +-*ῌ+-,.

'()*ῌ+,-.ῌ/012 +320 : 3456

U8;  yT +*- : 3/ῌ+*-.

7, 5689:;<=>?@ pp. +*/ῌ῍ῌCD8;56%&UyTU9 56 t8p 56 8¡8¢ m 8£¤7,¥¦p; §¡ E¨8;©ª !«:;56"¬8­®¯o °Xqr±²
#³­´§Uµ¶ · ῌ$Up;
¸¹Zº» : ,**0 Z , º ,+ »¸Zº» : ,**0 Z . º ,+ »