
J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
?S
No. +*., p. .+ .3 ,**0 
 *ῌ **ῌ

*ῌ

***

E#ects of No-tillage Practice on Nitrate Leaching in Sugar Cane Fields
in Sub-tropic Area
Kei ASADA*, Akira HOSHIKAWA**, Makoto KATO* and Taku NISHIMURA**** Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology** JIRCAS Okinawa Subtropical Station*** Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo
Abstract
No-tillage cropping (NT) is considered as a better onsite counter measure to reduce runo# andsoil loss than the soil conservation techniques in sub-tropic area in Japan. In this paper chemicaland physical soil analysis and ﬁeld survey have been conducted to clarify e#ects of NT on
retention and leaching of soil nutrients at sugarcane ﬁeld.
Sugar cane ﬁelds under conventional tillage (CT) and the NT were the studied sites in Ishigaki,
Japan. Shimajiri mahji soil, having clay content of more than /*῍, covers the study site.

Anobservation ditch of +** cm in width and 1* cm deep was prepared at the boundary of the CT andNT ﬁelds.

Soil samples for chemical and physical analysis were taken and PVC cores containing

ion exchange resins to trap leaching ions were inserted at both side wall of the ditch. Also,
observation of sugar cane root distribution was conducted.

After the survey, the observation

ditch was ﬁlled up by the original soil.
The CT had shallow and sparse root distribution while the NT showed denser and deeper root
distribution. It corresponded to higher saturated hydraulic conductivity of the NT soil. At thesame time the NT showed lower dry bulk density and penetration resistance at the layer of +/ῌ,/cm where the NT had more roots than the CT.

The NT had greater nutrient ﬂux at *ῌ,* cm deep

layer, however it rapidly decreased along the depth and reached the similar rate to the CT at .*cm deep layer.

Much of the nutrients in the NT could be soaked up by sugar cane roots.

Development of roots may reduce the negative e#ects of the NT that may enhance leaching of
nutrients by bio-macro pores.
Key word : No-tillage, Conventional tillage, Nutrient leaching, Simajiri mahji+    345, !6789:,-;<=>6?@AB
CD?EFGH IJ8KLM-N,;OP QR   !

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*** mnppq pYvptuv
 :  l  l  

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ῐ

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! "#$%& '()*

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P+KQ_%Dm

&VXZ TG!ED>?DI
Q&->?&uDI rD  dN\fj-<=s+DI=)
DI Pni

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7D 89.&01234 !)DI   r&%dN\f

B !:-+,D+;!FG"  <

j- N &~XY 

Hm<=

7&%<= ->?DI$%7&% !  ῌ AJ@wx   r&%dN\$%![ N\$AB CD:E! ῍ K LFB:$%UVJ .J&

E-I MGNO*

AJ$AB C

E n [ N\fjPP < :EDI  GN="dN\fj$l -L ]XYXZTG

HIJKQ@-L@MN  GNR

 ! !SOTUVPQ RSTU?-I, "UV.V-$%W$ !DWXYXZ!= #[ N\L]  AB CD,+ 

+,^G 8@L.Yῑ Z >_ [y1 d ,-+ me )!,`\] L= ^_`a bc

5 d  ,.,+.02-῍ ¡ +,.*3.--*῍e <  $%! ¢ ,../ q ¢A&R

L]=K

-dLF!efJ-g !-I h N\
RAJ-I!

892ab5-c ,,*** mmyG$% £¡¤!¥d¢:

AJAi-KQ !-6 dThierfelder et al.,b5¥ e ¦§x¨£4¤DI G 0* cm,**/e dN\fj  8 kEL.Yῑ-AJl

©q"§¡-' J

HC dª :2ab5c bc !DJ&AiKQ b/.ῌ ¥:5 : ,.ῌ 6 : ,,ῌe D «?ª¦. 4c dDao, +33- ; Dick et al., +323 ; Sugahara et al.,j§a¨5῎2©a¨50ª¬¦. ¨a¨5&,**+ ; Tebrügge and Düring, +333e 7 mY¢~31¦. d­«® +33-e DI ¯°±Dghi dGish et al., +332e jjkn.

ª²ῌ-|- !¬o ­῏-[H-lno dEdwards et al., +33* ; Tebrügge andN\®-¯ Düring, +333 ; Trojan and Linden, +332e -Q@$p

,, 

& ABB Aipq g^B+,-$%9³

I!FG"  "dN\fj

89r


..+ a DI$%´ / ῎§[N\° d±Q CTe ´ - ῎§dN\° d±Q NTe+q-m !D 89pq KQB+,)% CT & NT µ¶²°D  +321 " +331

I no, $%7&% !s

7D5[+DI! ,**, 7D / ª ³N ^_-`a±´I=

t: dN\fj

D  UVPQu_p 

vRAJ-I! wxUV.V-gqr yG
PmQ@$AB

Q&sz!t{J-|}  dDevitt and Smith, ,**, ; Dick et al.,+323 ; Edwards et al., +33* ; Jones et al., +33/ ;Tebrügge and Düring, +333e

UVPQ

N\fj +331 "
CT D  ,**,  2 µ·¶¸5a2·4DG ,/cm 7D¸aN\=¹ º¹=^_Z»>_ º 3 µ·¶¸©4·34NE>
 G ,* cm ©q=9N\
=R 5

-G»% º +, µ´ª§&©4·¯° : ""¼±²³´)IJ+.%uv

 +/ cm 



43

 

_ /* cmG/* cm <=-  )5   +/* cm .rs?1%* <db{ 
NT  ,**,

'tu + +* cm vqw]

2 ! " # $% & 

3 ! ()

* +,#- . <

x ;yB'1L wWz{$%|i
}



n

RSsmt3L]^_`aRS'~-  NT  /0 1213

SqT a

4 *% 5 [L +33* ; Wu et al., +330 $12 RS . g !"#$%

67&'()* NPK8+2ῌ+*ῌ+.

%&'9% :&+.;

,**,



++

<~ ,/* ml *m,**-. ! +/ ,- , .

 A]

/&<=>=01?

+ +-* kg ha@+, +/* kg ha@+H* +)B8'?

 A&' CT  +/cm 203BAC NT 45

 `aAY]^_~ + mol L@+ k_itI pH 1 ~ [wTGH,- 
,**,]^_`aP. ,/* ml  pH H,O ?  EC  + : /
GH





+ mol L@+ h6st +** mL P. 0?

! . ,- + ./&?1%*$%]^_H*)B

+, ! CT-NT DEF+6 +** cmG7

 /** cmG 1* cm 8HIJ9

!K



1 01* NC-ANALYZER 67
E

Z^ NC-2*AUTO ¡¢^£ ?Mk:;<=-  AA +/ῌ,/ cm, -/ῌ./¡ki(%./ῌ// cm  - >3L?@A)B 4% +¤¥tb~HTGcm,

3MC8'N O A - >P.+ *ῌ+* cm

3L67A)B 43MC8'N OH *'GHg( 61U?)¦DEQR% + *ῌ0* cm O / cm F §¨dT?T*QGH

cm- ©jXN

S>TIJ
4



KUL011V67?MNO$%

WXYZ  [L+33* ; Pampolino et al.,,*** ; Qian and Schoenau, ,**, ; P+33- ; Wu et al.,+330 Q\]^_`aRSTN%]_cdefV USb KUL01+GH Oªi Ks «TGH

3MC<+*/  ¬ +¬¡*GH¬¡`F*o0­¢®4 - !£¯¤R%,**.

Wg 1.2 cm,  , cm h6+°#¤8H

Reynolds and Elrick +33+ qT°#ªi)jX Y]^_ Rohm & Haas Z k_li®4  GH ±²?³´µ)¥m] IR+,*B nop]^_`aRS Rohm & Haas]£¯¤R Nishimura et al., ,**- ¦%Z k_lm] IRA.+* qr +[\`aRSsmt]^]^_l¶§ g ,* cm ³´µl CT, NT < ,*`a·+¨8H

8HIuvB%w-£¯¤RGH

cm, .* cm, /* cm F ++**3MC8'



>?@A¸$%

nx1 *y B_ +/ cm z,J' RSsm

³GH$%tU S`a$%*,b{

3L +** cm- ©jX 3MC8'Nz,c'|dC1 *e} 1LR©?5qT¬¡` 0­¢F*oªi

Ssmty~ w f=Ks ®4 

smtghi / 3L 2 9% j1LoRSsmt
f= 8HIf4k
 _ +*!. ,**,!0f=

IJ+, !3L ,**-

3 !O

67?MNO


,**-

-

 RSsmt

+B

3 ! o5lm8HIJ9

RSsªῌ+  ,**-NT F*o CT F-%)59% CT q*'¹§q«
13«

+ %;pH

2 $%q 

3 !GHmtn jF*o NT ? CT )5j
NT, CT "#oU-+  )5j

4 CT F*o NT  *ῌ/ cm ,* cm ¬7x q

NT §q*'¹qTCT )5?º+ ,*ῌ.* cm

F-%«»­9

 NT ®]

FGI » +*. ¼ $,**0%

44

ῌ+

Fig. +

NT $% (8E CT $%   'FGN" ¡ '¢£¤J& >(¥¦§¨©2¢£¤ * cm ª'«¬2 +** cm, [\ ­J&&

Root distribution of sugar cane ﬁeld under No-tillage (left) and Conventional tillage (right)

ῌ+ NT (8E CT ®FGN"'(H>FG]I
Table +

Physical properties of the sugar cane ﬁeld soil under No-tillage andConventional tillage

FGN"
$cm%

STU
$Mg m¯-%W$῍%°±¢²­,*³ $cm sec¯+%

l5´µ¶
$NT%

*ῌ/
+/ῌ,/
-/ῌ./
./ῌ//

+4.*
+4,**
+4,3
+4-+

.140
//40*
/-4*
/-4.

,40·+*¯,4+·+*¯-*
24+·+*¯.*,4,·+*¯-

5´µ¶
$CT%

*ῌ/
+/ῌ,/
-/ῌ./
./ῌ//

+4-2
+4-0
+4-+4,2.340/+4/,40/.40040·+*¯-4.·+*¯.
-4+·+*¯.
.4,·+*¯-* : NT, CT ®¸Gq¹N"W'(

  +῍ ¢ºM jk[\

GM2 CT 8\e NT MSTU1V  !

  

"#

!"#

et al., ,**. ; Meek et al., +33* ; Osunbitan et al., ,**/ ; $Rasse and Smucker, +332%& NT '( $Chassot et al., ,**+ ; Dao, +33- ; Eynard)*"# +,-./012 +,-.'

fg= +333 ; Tebrügge and Düring, +333%& h3 4 567'89 :;<=#>bcM2 iW' j>k>h9& Z D^?@A"#'(lh? m nFo)*Me CT  NT FBC=#&-, 

G2 p#eqrU " s"M[9& 567tD ῌ+ ' NT (8E CT '(FGH>I
J& KLM2 N" *ῌ/ cm (8E ./ῌ// cm '(NT FG CT 'OP

QRSTU1V?

KLZM - uvW CT 2w7xyz{M[9&W' |}F~FGM[yFGM2 567'89 D^F

UM

WX" Y.J& Z N" +/ cmῌ./ cm



'(

\ S\'8ῌ'89 ST

2 CT 'OPNT STUX"?>

Y.[\ ]'N" +/ῌ,/ cm ^'(y] '8Z_`M

U $Mullins et al., +33*% NT qrUST

[9& abcd?M N" +* cm ZMD^F

U'>9eBC=#& FGN" *ῌ+* cm  Ks

-. : _·_·"¸/¹STUVW0112º!l»¼

   NT 

( ῌ-  ,**.  - mno45-2#'./

,/ῌ./ cm  Ks  CT   +/ῌ,/NT 0 CT pqrstu$vTwxyfcm  + 

z{|}~t23 vTwxyfz{|}~" *   

 NT  !" CT #$%&kPa DE'#stu"*.- kPa  ' NT  CT   *.- kPa Q(ῌ, )*+,- './ NT 0 CT

vTwxyfz{|}~#' NT $ CT  1,23 1,4567 8 stu23   vTwxyfz

9{|}~"

+ ':;"<"=>$ ,*.- kPa n

o

-2#?@=>A#' 1,!

 CT  NT #$BC'#$23'# Z #r"'# DOsunbi-

tan et al., ,**/ ;   +333 ; Tebrügge and Düring, *ῌ/ cm GH$$
#$2%' vTwxyfz{|}~*.-+333E   F#8GH$ =>B< IJ"BC '#=>

!8"" NT AkPa Q stu  !

 CT $ NT FC *ῌ+/ cm 1,KLM

 !" '#$23'# #"#p *p" FC ,* cm #' NT "NC1,23   NT FC ,* cms"&a$"A ¡¢1£sOGHPQ$%&'# NT ¤ $ NT 

CT $R'FC ,* cm STUVWX"

 !8"so 2¥¦ p'§s&aY2(¨$kl

 D(ῌ+E Z1[\] CT 

NT #'12A\] 

$



--   NT  ^_` abXbc!8def

ῌ,  NT 0 CT 1©ª«2g"hiC j FC ,* cm OGH0

3 CT 0 NT FC +/ῌ// cm  pH "¡

1,"NC#$kl



1

2 % NT FC *ῌ+* cm 1 pH  0.-* $PQ'#   ¬­)®¯*°C ±²1"²ª
$kl

ῌ,

NT 0 CT 1,
* : NT, CT ³1 FC #'/ῌ s´ ** : +ῌ s´ (*µ¶ : +´,Fig. ,

Distribution of soil hardness by Yamanaka penetrometer at the sugar cane
ﬁeld under No-tillage and ConventionaltillageῌFig. -

 DNaidu et al., +330E Z NT 

NT 0 CT qrstu
Hydraulic conductivity of the surface
soil at sugar cane ﬁeld under No-tillage
and Conventional tillage

DE » +*. ¼ >,**0?

46

ῌ, NT "¦ CT ©DE !"aª<DE«+
Table ,

Chemical properties of the sugar cane ﬁeld soil under No-tillage and Conventional tillage

DE !
>cm?

pH >H,O?

EC >mS cm¬+?

%­'
>῍?

%&'
>῍?

!¯°"
>NT?

*ῌ+*
+/ῌ,/
-/ῌ./
./ῌ//

04-***
14,-*1402
1420***4,****4++*4+,*4+/***4,*4+1**4*3*4*3**

¯°"
>CT?

*ῌ+*
+/ῌ,/
-/ῌ./
./ῌ//

14+/
14-2
141*
14/3

*4*3
*4*3
*4+*
*4*2

*4,*4+,*4+,*4+,

bc RS| >cmol >®? kg¬+?
Ca,®

Mg,®

K®

+43/**+4--***4/0***4/+**-+4+1-*4,,-04-1**
-.4.-

/4,.*
14,-*
+42+
-4/-

,4,2**+4+**4/*4/1

+4.,
*40.
*4/*
*4.0

-*4+.
,341.
-*4/*
-,4/+

.4/.4+2
-400
-4-,

+4/*
*43*40*40,* : NT, CT ©DEA± !"# /῍ ²p)£,$ ** : +῍ ²p)£,$ EC 



 ! *ῌ// cm "# CT $ NT %&'()* +,-. 34

! *ῌ,/ cm  CT +..ῌ,.+

NT "#/$0-.12

5.$ 36 789:;*<-..= >Lal,+310 ; Tebrügge

and Düring, +333? @. AB NT 34 C$DEFGHI  CT J#8
KL!.%&'(M<-.
5#  5 5<-/ cm N  , D3

CῌN  3DO8,PQRSTU

J# <$V* 389:WXYZ[! *ῌ,/ cm \G,-.]^_
CT, NT `"abcdefG

h<ijTklmnop >qῌrstῌ.

NT "¦ CT #8³­'37´µ¶·U* : NT, CT ©DEA± !"#+῍ ²p)£,$ a, b : NT, CT ©DE !"# +῍ ²p)£,$ ¥¸¹º : $p%£

Fig. .

Downward inorganic nitrogen ﬂux ofthe sugar cane ﬁeld under No-tillage
and Conventional tillageg+32+ ; uvwxy` ,**-? 4Hz-#.  {RS|}~  >uvwxy` ,**-? @.

! *ῌ+* cm "# NT bc

defG CT $)

-. NT

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pact of roots on ground water quality. Plant andSoil, ,** : .1ῌ/..

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