2021 年 9 ⽉ 9 ⽇
JBG Power GmbH株式会社 JBG エナジー代表取締役 ペーテル・ゲルストマン 様株式会社 JBG エナジー
取締役副社⻑ 佐藤昌利 様
⽇本⾙類学会多様性保全委員会 委員⻑ 岩崎敬⼆
軟体動物多様性学会⾃然環境保全委員会 委員⻑ 安渓遊地
⼀般社団法⼈⽇本⽣態学会中国四国地区会 会⻑ 永松 ⼤
⼀般社団法⼈⽇本⿂類学会 会⻑ 篠原現⼈
⽇本ベントス学会⾃然環境保全委員会 委員⻑ 佐藤慎⼀

広島県⽵原市「ハチの⼲潟」の⽣物多様性の保全に関する要望書

広島県⽵原市の地先に広がる「ハチの⼲潟」は、海浜性⽣物の種の多様性が著しく⾼く、絶滅危惧種をはじめとする希少種も多数棲息する、極めて貴重な⼲潟です。環境省によって、2015 年には「⽣物多様性の観点から重要度の⾼い湿地（略称「重要湿地」）」に選定されており、さらに、2016 年には、この⼲潟の周辺海域が「⼤崎上島北」として「⽣物多様性の観点から重要度の⾼い海域（略称「重要海域」）」にも指定されています。
本年５⽉、貴社がこの⼲潟の⻄端に液化天然ガス（LNG）⽕⼒発電所と LNG 貯蔵施設を建設する
計画を進めていることが明らかとなりましたが、この計画がそのまま実施された場合、この⼲潟の⾃然環境と⽣物多様性が⼤きく損なわれることが予想されます。世界的にも⽐類のないこの重要湿地が現在のまま存続することができるよう、⼀旦事業の進⾏を取りやめて科学的に妥当な環境影響評価を実施し、その結果を公開して第三者の評価を仰ぎ、⽣物多様性への影響が予測された場合には計画を再考または中⽌していただくよう、強く要請いたします。
「ハチの⼲潟」とその周辺海域には、最も絶滅のおそれが⾼い絶滅危惧 I 類として環境省レッドリ
スト 2020 または環境省海洋⽣物レッドリスト 2017 に掲載された種が少なくとも 15 種、次に絶滅のおそれが⾼い絶滅危惧 II 類として掲載されたものが少なくとも 18 種、準絶滅危惧種として掲載されたものが少なくとも 37 種棲息していることが、広島⼤学や岡⼭⼤学等の研究者によって明らかにされています（添付資料表参照）。この中には、「ハチの⼲潟」をタイプ産地として新種記載されたもの（セトウチドチクチユムシ）も含まれています。絶滅危惧 I 類の⽣物の中には、⽣きた化⽯と呼ばれ、この⼲潟が世界最北の分布地となるカブトガニとその共⽣種であるカブトガニウズムシ、死殻は
各地の⼲潟で⾒つかるものの⽣⾙が棲息する場所はもはやこの⼲潟を含む 2〜3 箇所しかなく、⼲潟に棲息する⼆枚⾙の中で最も絶滅が危惧されるイセシラガイとオキナノエガオなど、世界的に⾒ても極めて貴重な⽣物たちが含まれています。環境省のレッドリストには掲載されていないものの、広島1県レッドデータブック 2011 に掲載された⽣物 5 種も⽣息しています（添付資料表参照）。そのうち、スナメリの⽣息場所は「スナメリクジラ 游海⾯」として国指定の天然記念物となっています。
かつての瀬⼾内海には、このハチの⼲潟に匹敵する⾃然度と⽣物多様性の極めて⾼い⼲潟が多数存在したと推察されますが、現在、そのほとんどは埋め⽴て、⼲拓、海域での⼈⼯構築物の設置や陸域の開発等によって消失するか往時の姿が失われてしまいました。ハチの⼲潟は、瀬⼾内海の沿岸⽣物のかつての豊穣な多様性がよく残されている数少ない場所の⼀つであり、⽇本の沿岸⽣物の多様性保
全の観点から最も重要な保全対象地域の⼀つと⾔えます。
そのため、ハチの⼲潟とその周辺の海域は、冒頭に記したように環境省によって「重要⼲潟」と「重要海域」に指定されているわけです。この⾼い⽣物多様性に注⽬した国内外の多くの研究者がここを訪れ、研究教育活動を継続しています。広島⼤学をはじめ、国⽴科学博物館、北海道⼤学、京都⼤学、岡⼭⼤学、⾼知⼤学、九州⼤学、国⽴⽶⼦⼯業⾼等学校、ドイツの Alfred Wegener Institute などの教育機関の研究教育の場となっており、この⼲潟の⽣物を扱った学術論⽂は近年だけでも 20 編以上が出版され、我が国の海洋⽣物学研究の⼤きな財産となっています。また、ハチの⼲潟は、地域社会の環境教育の場として、広島県や⽵原市などによって頻繁に活⽤されてきた場所でもあります。
中国新聞社等により公表された貴社の計画が実施された場合、この⼲潟と周辺海域に棲息する⽣物や⽣態系に、以下のような被害が発⽣することが予想されます。
１：建設途中で発⽣する砂泥等の巻き上がりや陸地から海域への流出が、⼲潟を含む沿岸海域の⽣物の棲息場所や摂⾷活動に⼤きな影響を与える可能性がある。
２：建設途中に、外来海洋⽣物の移⼊⼿段として最もリスクが⾼い⼯事⽤台船等によって外来⽣物が持ち込まれ、絶滅危惧種を含む在来⽣物を減少させる可能性がある。
３：「⽕⼒発電所の冷却⽔はクローズドシステムとする」とだけ公表されているが、永久に同⼀の冷却⽔を使⽤するとは考えられない。海域に廃棄された場合、腐蝕防⽌剤等の汚染物質が⽔⽣⽣物に悪影響を与える可能性がある。
４：500 m もの桟橋と LNG 貯蔵施設となる浮体物を設置した場合、沿岸流の流量や流向が変化し、わずかな変化であっても⼲潟の侵⾷や砂泥質⼟壌の粒度組成の変化が⽣じ、そこに棲息する⽣物たちに⼤きな影響を及ぼす可能性が⾼い。特に、カブトガニの産卵地は底質が限定されており、⼤きな影響を受ける可能性が極めて⾼い。
５：⽔深 7 m 〜 15 m の浅海域に、喫⽔が 5 m 以上と想定される浮体式の LNG 貯蔵基地を設置し、喫⽔が 15 m 以上と想定される LNG 運搬船が寄港するには⼲潟の沖数百メートルでの⼤規模な浚渫が不可避であり、上記と同様の沿岸流の変化が⽣じて⼲潟⽣態系に⼤きな影響を与える可能性が⾼い。
６：LNG 運搬船によって海外から直接外来海洋⽣物が⾃然度の⾼い海域に持ち込まれ、在来⽣態系を⼤きく改変する可能性がある。
7：LNG 運搬船による座礁等の海難事故が⽣じた場合、⼲潟⽣態系に甚⼤な被害が発⽣する可能性がある。
しかるに、この計画（建設予定の⽕⼒発電所の出⼒：74,000 kw）は、国の環境影響評価法と広島県の環境影響評価条例のいずれにおいても環境影響評価を⾏う基準（国の環境影響評価法の第 2 種事
業では 112,500 kw 以上、広島県条例では 75,000 kw 以上）に該当しないため、上記のような希少2

な⼲潟の⾃然環境と貴重かつ豊穣な⽣物多様性、特に数多くの絶滅危惧種に及ぶ影響が調査・評価されておらず、「⽣物の多様性の確保及び⾃然環境の体系的保全に関しての配慮」が全くなされておりません。この状況は、本年 6 ⽉に改正された「瀬⼾内海環境保全特別措置法」で⼲潟の保全が強調されたことに逆⾏するものであり、看過することはできません。
私たちは、ハチの⼲潟と周辺の海域が、⽇本にとどまらず世界的に⾒ても沿岸⽣物の多様性保全の点で極めて重要であることを鑑み、貴社に対し、以下の 4 点を強く要望いたします。
（１） ⼀旦事業の進⾏を中⽌して、絶滅危惧種や希少種への影響を検討するための科学的に妥当な
環境影響評価を実施すること。
（２） その結果を公開して、第三者として、海岸⼯学、流体⼒学、保全⽣物学、底⽣⽣物学、プランクトン学等の専⾨家の判断を仰ぐこと。
（３） その環境影響評価の結果、ハチの⼲潟とその周辺海域に棲息する⽣物への影響が予測された
場合、計画を変更してその影響を回避する⽅策を講じるか、回避できない場合には計画そのものを中⽌すること。
（４） 上記の要望３点に関する貴社のお考えを、書⾯にて、早急にご連絡いただくこと。
以上
この要望書に関する連絡先
⽇本⾙類学会 多様性保全委員会 委員⻑ 岩崎敬⼆（奈良⼤学⽂学部地理学科教授）〒631-8502 奈良市⼭陵町 1500 奈良⼤学
E-mail: iwasaki@daibutsu.nara-u.ac.jp、Tel: 0742-41-9591
⽇本⽣態学会 ⾃然保護専⾨委員会 中国・四国地区委員 伊⾕ ⾏（⾼知⼤学教育学部教授）〒780-8520 ⾼知市曙町 2-5-1 ⾼知⼤学教育学部
E-mail: itani@kochi-u.ac.jp、Tel: 088-844-8415

3

September 9, 2021
Mr. Peter GERSTMANN,Managing Director,
JBG Power GmbH and JBG Energy Japan
Kurfürstendamm 52,
10707 Berlin,
GERMANY.

Request for conservation of the biodiversity in tidal flats at Hachi-no-higata, Takehara City,
Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan
Dear Mr. GERSTMANN,
The decrease in natural tide flats and decline in the biodiversity of coastal organisms that live in these habitats
have been accelerated during the last 50 years in Japan. A large number of these organisms are endangered orhave been made extinct in many of the tidal flat areas.
The tidal flats at Hachi-no-higata in Takehara City, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan (facing the Seto Inland Sea)
have miraculously maintained rich natural tidal flat environments, and thus Hachi-no-higata is one of the mostsignificant hot spots for the conservation of the biodiversity of coastal organisms in Japan. More than 70 species— listed in the latest Red List issued by the Japanese Ministry of the Environment (2020), and latest Red Data
Book of Hiroshima Prefecture (2011) — currently inhabit the tidal flats or the adjacent sea areas: among them, 16
species are designated as critically endangered or endangered, 19 as vulnerable, and 39 as near-threatened. The
IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature) Horseshoe Crab Specialist Group maintains that theHachi-no-higata is a very important habitat, particularly because it represents the northernmost and easternmost
distribution limit of the crab species Tachypleus tridentatus, which has been classified as endangered by the
IUCN not only in Japan, but in the world. In line with the significance for the conservation of biodiversity, thetidal flats and neighboring waters have been included by the Japanese Ministry of the Environment among theImportant Wetlands with High Biodiversity, and Important Marine Areas with High Biodiversity, respectively.
(http://www.env.go.jp/en/nature/biodic/kaiyo-hozen/kaiiki/index.html).
Because of its rich biodiversity, Hachi-no-higata attracts both domestic and foreign researchers fromprestigious institutions such as the universities of Hiroshima, Hokkaido, Kyoto, Okayama, Kochi, Kyusyu, theJapanese National Museum of Nature and Science, and the Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum fürPolar- und Meeresforschung. Over 20 scientific studies investigating this ecosystem have been recently
published.
Additionally, Hachi-no-higata has been designated by administrative bodies of Hiroshima Prefecture andTakehara City as a destination for students and local people to learn and appreciate the environmental dynamics
of the tidal flats and its neighboring seas.

1

The site for the LNG power plant, recently proposed by your companies, is adjacent to the tidal flats, and themassive sea-based facilities that are to be constructed have the potential to disrupt the natural equilibrium in thisregion, producing the following negative impacts on the delicate tidal flat ecosystem and on its many endangeredorganisms:
1: The discharge and accumulation of sand, mud, silt and hazardous substances during the construction will
impede the feeding and reproductive activities of marine organisms, leading to a decrease in their
populations.
2: Marine non-indigenous invasive organisms will be introduced via hull-fouling occurring on ocean-going
LNG carriers and coastal barges that will visit the area during construction operations, and this will
decrease the populations of indigenous threatened organisms through competitive exclusion or predation.
3: The discharge of cooling water, if any, which is used in the closed cooling system and will containhazardous substances, has negative effects on the endangered organisms.
4: The ocean-going LNG carriers, with their lengths of ca. 250 m, the LNG floating storage barge, which is
120 m long and 50 m wide, and the landing piers with lengths of over 500 m, will most likely change thedirection and volume of tidal streams, coastal flows and discharge from the Kamogawa River, whichflows into Hachi-no-higata. As a result, this will cause a severe loss of the balance between the erosionand deposition of sand, mud and silt on the tidal flats, as well as changes in the composition of grain sizein the tidal flat substrata, which will inevitably affect the distribution and density of organisms living on
and in the tidal flats. For instance, siltation on the substrata will decrease the number or area of spawning
sites for horse shoe crabs, which lay eggs on a restricted substratum consisting of sand with a grain size
(diameter) between 0.4 and 1.0 mm.
5: Mooring of the huge LNG carriers and storage barge in the shallow coastal area will inevitably cause
frequent dredging, resulting in the loss of balance between the erosion and deposition of sand, mud andsilt on the tidal flats.
6: The potential occurrence of marine accidents, such as grounding of the carriers, will severely damage theshallow water ecosystems, including Hachi-no-higata and the adjacent sea areas.
Nevertheless, your companies’ construction works are about to be started without a proper environmental
impact assessment.
We would strongly urge you to consider that
1: scientifically valid environmental impact assessment should be conducted to thoroughly evaluate theimpacts of this construction on many endangered and rare species,
2: the results of the assessments should be disclosed and evaluated by specialists from a variety of fields,
including coastal engineering, hydraulics, conservation biology, benthology and planktology, and3: this plan should be reconsidered or cancelled, if detrimental effects on endangered and rare species are
confirmed as likely.
4: you should respond to our requests in writing as soon as possible.
2

We would expect you to exercise your own judgment while considering the challenge of preserving the
precious biodiversity of the Hachi-no-higata tidal flats and adjacent sea areas. We believe that an objective
judgment on this matter will lead to the correct decision, in line with the current international policy of
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s).
Sincerely,
Keiji IWASAKI, Chairperson of the Committee for the Conservation of Biodiversity, the Malacological Societyof Japan, Professor of Nara University, Dr.
Yuji ANKEI, Chairperson of the Committee for Conservation for the Natural Environments, the Society for the
Study of Molluscan Diversity, Professor Emeritus of Yamaguchi Prefectural University, Dr.
Dai NAGAMATSU, President of the Chugoku-Shikoku Branch of the Ecological Society of Japan,
Professor of Tottori University, Dr.

Gento SHINOHARA, President of the Ichthyological Society of Japan,
Senior Curator of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Dr.

Shinichi SATO, Chairperson of the Committee for Conservation of Natural Environment,
The Japanese Association of Benthology, Professor of Shizuoka University, Dr.

Persons to contact:
Keiji IWASAKI,
Department of Geography, Nara University,
1500 Misasagicho, Nara 631-8502, Japan
E-mail: iwasaki@daibutsu.nara-u.ac.jp
Gyo ITANI,
Member of the Nature Conservation Committee, the Chugoku-Shikoku Branch of the Ecological Societyof Japan,Faculty of Education, Kochi University,
2-5-1 Akebono, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
E-mail: itani@kochi-u.ac.jp

Enclosed：Photographs of tidal flats at Hachi-no-higata, and a list and photographs of threatened species living in
the tidal flats.

3

Reference material

Phot 1 Tidal flats at Hachi-no-higata (view from land).

Phot 2 Tidal flats at Hachi-no-higata (view from Hachi-iwa reef).

Site of LNG thermal
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Photos of threatened animals living on or in tidal flats at Hachi-no-higata (No. 1).
CR + EN: critically endangered or endangered by the Red List 2020 of
the Japanese Ministry of Environment.

Photo 5 Horse shoe crab
Tachypleus tridentatus (CR+EN)

Photo 7 Amathinid snail Amathina
tricarinata (CR+ EN)

Photo 6 Nassariid snail Reticunassa
hiradoensis (CR+EN)

Photo 8 Lucinid clam Pegophysema
bialata (CR+EN)

Photo 10 Lasaeid clam Borniopsis
ariakensis (CR+EN)

Photo 9 Lasaeid clam Borniopsis
ariakensis attached to a sea cucumber

Photo 11 Lasaeid clam Devonia semperi(CR+EN) attached to a sea cucumber

Photo 12 Lasaeid clam Devonia semperi(CR+EN)Photo13 Lasaeid clam Platomysia rugata(CR+EN) attached to a sipunculid worm

Photo14 Lasaeid clam Platomysia rugata(CR+EN) attached to a sipunculid worm

Photo 15 Basterotiid clam Basterotia
gouldi (CR+EN)

Photo 16 Branchiostomid lancelet
Branchiostoma japonicum (VU)

Photo 17 A crowd of the fiddler crab
Uca lactea (VU)

Photo 18 Scaliolid snail Finella pupoides(VU)

Photo 20 Naticid snail Naticarius concinnus(VU)
Photo 19 Assimineid snail Assimineidae
gen. sp.(VU)

Photos of threatened animals living on or in tidal flats at Hachi-no-higata (No. 3).
VU: vulnerable by the Red List 2020 of the Japanese Ministry of Environment.

Photo 21 Eulimid snail Melanella tanabensis(VU)

Photo 22 Eulimid snail Mucronalia exilis (VU)

Photo 23 Pyramidellid snail Syrnola
tenuisculpta (VU)

Photo 24 Aglagid sea slug Melanochlamys
fukudai (VU)

Photo 25 Cylichnid snail Cylichnatys
yamakawai (VU)

Photo 26 Lasaeid clam Borniopsis tsurumaru(VU)

Photo 27 Lasaeid clam Borniopsis
tsurumaru (VU)

Photo 28 Cardiid clam Fragum carinatum(VU)

Photos of threatened animals living on or in tidal flats at Hachi-no-higata (No. 4).
VU: vulnerable, NT: near threatened by the Red List 2017 for Marine Organisms
and Red List 2020 of the Japanese Ministry of Environment.

Photo 29 Thraciid clam Thracia
concinna (VU)

Photo 30 Solenid bivalve Solen kikuchii (VU)

Photo 31 Proboscis of Sipunculid worm
Ikeda taenioides (NT)Photo 32 Trochid snail Umbonium
moniliferum (NT)Photo 33 Tornid snail Vitrinella sp. (NT)Photo 34 Elachisinid snail Nozeba ziczac (NT)Photo 36 Pyramidellid snail Turbonilla
scrobiculata (NT)Photo35 Pyramidellid snail Pyrgulina
shigeyasui (NT)Photos of threatened animals living on or in tidal flats at Hachi-no-higata (No. 5).
NT: near threatened by the Red List 2020 of the Japanese Ministry of Environment.

Photo 37 Pyramidellid snail Turbonilla
teganumana (NT)Photo 38 Mactrid bivalve Mactrotoma
angulifera (NT)Photo 39 Solemyd bivalve Solemya pusilla(NT)

Photo 40 Solemyd bivalve Solemya pusilla(NT)

Photo 41 Pinnid bivalve Pinna attenuate(NT)

Photo 42 Pinnid bivalve Pinna attenuate(NT)

Photo 43 Lasaeid bivalve Peregrinamor
ohshimai (NT) symbiotic with a mud shrimp

Photo 44 Solenid bivalve Solen roseomaculatus(NT)Photos of threatened animals living on or in tidal flats at Hachi-no-higata (No. 6).
NT: near threatened by the Red List 2020 of the Japanese Ministry of Environment.

Photo 46 Solenid clam Solen roseomaculatus(NT)

Photo 45 Tellinid clam Nitidotellina
minuta (NT)Photo 47 Elachisinid snail Dolicrossea sp.
(DD)

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