公益財団法人 セコム科学技術振興財団
研究成果報告書

研究課題名

大災害時ターミナル周辺地区および地下街の安全安心対策としてのオフサイトセンターの実証実験
Empirical study on off-site center as safety and security measures for buildings
and underground malls around the major terminal station
at the time of great natural disasters

研究期間
平成 27 年 4 月 1 日 ～ 平成 31 年 3 月 31 日

報告年月
令和元年 6 月
研究代表者

芝浦工業大学 建築学部 建築学科 教授
村上 公哉
Professor, School of Arch., Shibaura Institute of Technology
Kimiya MURAKAMI

Abstract
Approximately five million people in the Tokyo metropolitan area were stranded during the Great
East Japan earthquake. Measures taken to assist these stranded people became a significant socialissue, along with measures to prevent such a crisis during future earthquakes that are expected toerupt directly beneath Tokyo and Nankai Trough and measures for aiding stranded people assume amaximum three day "stay" following an "evacuation". As lifeline functions are disrupted, facility
maintenance is essential for securing residential environment, energy, and water necessary for anunspecified number of people seeking shelter. Therefore, a “mutual assistance scheme” is needed toprovide a framework for members within each area to help others. Centralized control is necessary
for managing this type of mutual assistance scheme.
This study, therefore, proposes an off-site center as a central control and considers the basic plansof the two main systems. The first is an emergency "BCD power supply system,” which would beshared by each shelter, while the second is a "BCD information system" to handle information
management including collecting information from shelters within the district and delivering thisinformation to stranded people. This study focused on an underground mall adjacent to the terminal
train station, which played a significant humanitarian role in the Great East Japan earthquake byproviding shelter to stranded people.
A basic study was conducted across 41 underground malls in Japan. The results revealed challenges
related to the lack of a management system for stranded people, such as insufficient facilities (e.g.,emergency power generation) for a long-term stay by stranded people.
The next survey addressed the indoor environment in underground malls during a period without
air conditioning. A key issue in the development of an emergency power supply is energy needed forair conditioning. While this was not previously considered a need during disasters, a lack of heating
and cooling in an indoor environment may affect the health of refugees and can even belife-threatening over a long-term stay. Therefore, with cooperation from two underground malls, theauthors measured the indoor environment during a non-air conditioned period and conducted a sleep
study on test subjects to evaluate sleep quality and fatigue among stranded people staying at ashelter. Experiments with test subjects were conducted during a summer, winter, and season
between them. The experimental results confirmed that air conditioning is needed in both seasons,and heating is particularly needed during winter.
Next, BCD power supply system planning was also studied. First, energy demand was calculated
for a case in which stranded people are taken into an underground mall during a disaster. Using
BEMS data from an underground mall that actually provided shelter for stranded people during theGreat East Japan earthquake, operating performance characteristics were analyzed for each facility
to estimate the energy demand for summer, winter, and the intermediary period in order to secure
the environmental targets obtained from the indoor environmental study of underground malls. Thiswas followed by an analysis of urban space, which identified several local characteristics including

building use, districts surrounding terminal stations that should develop a BCD power supplysystem, level of accumulation of emergency power generation facilities, and whether a district
heating system had been developed. Building upon these findings, a BCD power supply system plan,that coordinates with district heating systems using the district surrounding the Tokyo station as amodel was developed. A detailed system simulation analysis confirmed that energy was conserved by
37% during normal times while power supply coverage improved by 1.95 times during a disaster.
Finally, a study was conducted to evaluate planning for BCD information systems. The mainfunctions of a BCD information system include a smartphone environmental monitoring function tocollect data on indoor environments being used as shelter areas, a facility monitoring function inwhich a facility manager uses mobile devices (tablets) to collect and submit information related tofacility damage such as fires, and a mirroring function to display digital signage from shelters on thesmartphone screens of occupants. This study built prototypes of the aforementioned equipment andconducted experiments using an underground mall and the university campus as the field. In
particular, the study was able to verify the development potential of a disaster-time network uniqueto the district and independent from external networks.