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Editors

Acknowledgement

Koichi Shiwaku, EDM-NIED
Ayako Fujieda, UNCRD

This publication is a collaborative endeavor of many
people. The project team conducted essay anddrawing competitions in schools in Bagh, Azad
Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), Pakistan. Thispublication was made based on the lessons of thecompetitions. The collaboration of school teachersand students in Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir(AJK), Pakistan was very fruitful to make theguideline and collection of the earthquake
experiences as textbook. Finally, the project team of
EDM-NIED, UNCRD, Kyoto University, and STAR
Foundation conveys special thanks to fund donor,
Hyogo Earthquake Memorial 21st Century ResearchInstitute.

Contributors
Muhammad Shakeel Khan,
STAR Foundation
Yukiko Takeuchi, Kyoto University
Rajib Shaw, Kyoto University
Jishnu Kumar Subedi, UNCRD

Design&Layout
Koichi Shiwaku, EDM-NIED

Contact Detail
Koichi Shiwaku
Research Fellow
Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Research Center (EDM)
National Research Institute for Earth Science andDisaster Prevention (NIED)
4th Floor, Human Renovation Museum, 1-5-2,
Wakinohama-kaigan-dori, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo,
651-0073, Japan
Tel: +81-78-262-5529
Fax: +81-78-262-5527
E-mail: shiwaku@edm.bosai.go.jp
Web: http://www.edm.bosai.go.jp/english/default.htm
andMuhammad Shakeel Khan
President
STAR Foundation
Main office: Chatter No. 2, Opposite SCO exchange,
Bagh, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
District Knowledge Center: Near Deputy Commissioner
Office, Bagh, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
Tel: +92-3345341812
E-mail: starbagh@gmail.com
Web: http://www.starpk.org

Note
Opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of
National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED), Earthquake Disaster Mitigation
Research Center (EDM), United Nations Centre for Regional Development (UNCRD), Kyoto University, andSTAR Foundation.

Guidelines for School Disaster Education
Express and Extend Experiences

January 2009

Preface
A devastating earthquake hit northern Pakistan, including Kashmir and NWFP, on 8th October, 2005,
affectingsignificant

damages

to

lives

and

livelihood.

According

to

UN

ISDR

(http://www.unisdr.org/eng/task%20force/tf-meetigns/12th-TF-mtg/item2-Pakistan-IATF-12.ppt), more than 73,000 people died and 70,000 people were injured. More than 400,000 houses
were destroyed or seriously damaged. In addition, around 5,000 education facilities were also
destroyed because of the earthquake. The disaster caught people unprepared and inexperienced inhandling such a situation, which compounded problems. Disaster education is necessary to
reduce risks and to reduce impacts when disasters occur.
As for aims of disaster education, people need to take mitigation measures and prepare for futuredisasters through acquiring knowledge of disasters and disaster management. People need torespond and recover earlier when disasters occur. In addition, people are requested to contributeto community safety.
Most of the people know that disaster education is important but do not realize importance. Itshows necessity to change awareness. To achieve it, it is useful to learn from past disasters.
The research project to promote school disaster education in the earthquake affected areas inPakistan was conducted by Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Research Center, National ResearchInstitute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (EDM-NIED), the United Nations Centre for
Regional Development (UNCRD), and Kyoto University. The local counterpart of the project was
Sustainable Development and Response (STAR) Foundation. In the project, essay and drawing
competitions were held in schools in the earthquake affected areas of Kashmir. Students wererequested to write their experiences of the earthquake of 2005. Essay and drawing are a kind ofrecords of past disasters. Future generation can learn about past disasters from essays anddrawings by affected people. Essays and drawings provide opportunities to collect and transfer
experiences.
This guideline was produced based on the lessons learned from disaster education in Hyogo
Prefecture, Japan and the essay and drawing competition in the affected areas of Bagh, Azad Jammu
Kashmir (AJK), Pakistan.
This guideline consists of three parts. The first part describes how to implement several kinds ofcompetition as a part of disaster education. The second part provides how teachers can facilitate
disaster education and give opportunities to students to think what they can do for risk reduction,using textbook. The textbook includes students’ essays and drawings from the project. The
third part is appendices including translation of essays into English.
School teachers can conduct disaster education, utilizing this guideline and the textbook. The
guidelines cover students with earthquake experiences as well as those who do not have such
experiences.

The guideline can contribute to sustainable school disaster education andsustainable education can lead to safer community.

2

Contents
Preface2

Aims of the Guidelines

4

Points of Education Activities

7

How to Conduct Competition as Disaster Education

9

Lessons learned from essay and drawing competitions
Essay competition
Drawing competition
Other competition
How to Use Textbook: Class Examples

14

Essay Topics

15

Question Examples

17

Appendix: Translation of Essays

22

Appendix: Student’s Information

38

Appendix: Instruction Material

39

Appendix: Essay Sheet

40

3

Aims of the Guidelines
Following are the aims of the guidelines;
1) Gather and share experiences of past disasters
2) Transfer experiences of past disasters
The guidelines mainly provide 1) how to conduct several kinds of competitions as disastereducation and 2) how to utilize the textbook “Experiences of Pakistan Earthquake of 2005:
Student’s Message from Kashmir”.

The textbook is collection of experiences of Kashmir

Earthquake from 2005 to 2008 from the view of school students and consists of essays anddrawings by students for the competitions organized by EDM-NIED, UNCRD, Kyoto University, andSTAR Foundation.
Competition is important opportunity both as part of curriculum and as an extra curricular activity.
Therefore, conducting competitions as disaster education is not only disaster education but also apart of general education.

If competition focuses on disaster experiences, it becomes

opportunities for students to remember past disasters and think disaster management for future.

Transferring process
Collecting and sharing process
Essay competition

Drawing competition

Textbook

Concept of essay and drawing competition and the textbook

4

Essay or drawing competition is different from other type of competitions as the output of such
events can be preserved for long. These essays and drawings can be shown to other students even
if they did not participate in the competition. Those who have not gone through agony of adisaster develop a partially complete picture of the situation when they read essays and see its
visualization in drawings; this helps in empathizing. Therefore, the guidelines emphasize essay
and drawing competition in order to transfer experiences. Essays and drawings show invaluable
experiences of disasters and such experiences can give sense of affinity to future children because
essays were written and drawings were made by same age group of another generation. Futurechildren can learn experiences of past disasters through reading essays and seeing drawing. It is
experience transfer from past to future generation.
The guideline targets
1. Students who have disaster experiences
2. Students who do not have disaster experiences
For students who have the earthquake experiences, it is important to keep their experiences inmind, share experiences with friends, family, and community, and think what they can and should
do for future disaster reduction. For students who do not have the earthquake experiences, it isimportant to learn from past disasters, imagine what will happen if disaster occurs, and think what
they can and should do to reduce risks.
The guidelines do not request school teachers to have specialized knowledge on disastermanagement.

The guidelines can be utilized by teachers even if they do not have muchknowledge of disaster management or disasters.

Teachers are hoped to arrange disastereducation in their school as facilitators, using the guidelines and textbook. The guidelines cancontribute to awareness changing of students but do not provide knowledge of disasters or disastermanagement.

NGOs or specialized organizations for disaster management can provide

knowledge of disaster management. It is useful for students especially in higher class that theguidelines are used after getting knowledge from specialized organizations.

If schools cancooperate with specialized organization, students can have higher awareness and comprehensive
thinking.

Point!
Some education program mentioned in the guidelines is available in extra-curricular activities.
The proposed education program includes discussion. If teachers integrate education programwith topics in their subjects, teachers can conduct disaster education in their own subjects.
Disaster is related to natural and social environment. All subjects have possibilities to be utilized
for disaster education. For example, science is related to natural environment. Social
environment is related to society or community. It is hoped that teachers utilize their own
subjects and extra curriculum.

5Figure shows how to start education. Before conducting disaster education, teachers should
understand effectiveness of activities including education programs. Understanding effectivenessis useful for teachers to facilitate programs. When teachers start education program, they should
decide purpose of such a program. If teachers focus on gathering and sharing experiences of pastdisasters, competition is proposed.
textbook should be used.

If transferring experiences of past disasters is desired,

When teachers conduct competition,

it is expected that they

understand lessons of essay and drawing competition conducted by the project team.
Understanding lessons is important process to make competition useful. If teachers use thetextbook, there are two way to start.

If time is fixed, teachers is hoped to select case of

education program from the guidelines and then select appropriate/preferable essays. If there issufficient time for education, teachers can select essays and decide case of education program.
When teachers select essays, they can refer to “Essay Topics” in the guidelines. In case they do nothave any preferable topics for education, teachers can start the first essay in the textbook. After
starting education programs, “Question Examples” (pp. 17-21) helps teachers to facilitate
programs or discussion.

Do you want to conductdisaster education?

Understand necessary activities fordisaster education

Do you want to
conduct
competition?

Do you want to
use textbook?

pp. 9-10

Understandlessons

Select case of
education
program

Selectessayspp. 11-13

Selectcompetition

SelectessaysSelect case of
education
program

How to start education

6

pp. 7-8

pp. 15-16

pp. 14

Points of Activities
To change student’s awareness, it is not sufficient that teachers provide knowledge and students
listen to teachers. This type of education is passive activity. Students can get knowledge but it isdifficult to change them. It is necessary that students participate in education actively to change
their awareness. If students participate in education actively, they will try to think by themselves
for disaster reduction.

The process of education programs in the guidelines includes many

activities to make students active. Especially, group discussion is emphasized to achieve active
participation and to share opinions among students. In addition, presentation and evaluation is
also useful to share.
This table shows 1) activities in education program proposed in the guidelines and 2) goal of theactivities, and 3) points on implementation. Before starting competition or using the textbook, it ishoped that teachers understand meaning of each activity in this table.

Activities

Goal

Instruction

ReadingDiscussion
betweenteachers andstudents

Making groups







Points of activities

Understanding how to act
and what to do
Giving instruction is important for students toUnderstanding purpose of understand what to do and how to act in class.
education
Enhancement ofknowledge in disastersituation
Understanding feelings ofaffected people

It is important for students to learn pastdisasters through reading textbook. Students
can acquire knowledge from the textbook but
reading is not sufficient to raise awareness on
future disasters.

Understanding feelings ofaffected people
Development ofimagination on disastersituation
Development of ability toshow own opinions

Question examples can be used for this activity.
Teachers facilitate discussion with students
through questions and answers. This
discussion is effective for students to imagine
disaster situation.

Raising awareness ofcooperation

This activity is done for group discussion orcompetitions. 4-5 members in each group are
preferable. Group work contributes toawareness raising of cooperation.

7

Activities

Goal
Knowing other person’s
opinions
Sharing opinions orexperiences
Development of ability ofdecision making
Understanding how toorganize ability fordiscussion

Group discussion among students is a crucialpart of education. All members should haveopportunities to present their own opinions orexperiences. Question examples can be usedas discussion topics. Additionally, it is effectivethat student’s group make discussion topics.
50-60 minutes is allocated for this discussion.

Understanding how topresent clearly
Sharing opinions of otherpersons or groups

Each group will give 10-15minute presentation
to show conclusion of group discussion.
Questions and answer is also done. It is
important for students to give comments toother group.

Understanding how topresent
Understand what they
have to improve

Students evaluate other group presentation.
Evaluation points are which group presented
clearly and which group’s opinions were good.
Evaluation is important for students to thinktheir opinions or presentation. Throughevaluation, students understand what they haveto improve for next time.

Development of ability toimagine disaster situation
Understanding problems
in current life

This activity is done by independent students orstudents’ group. It is important for students
what they should (can) do now and in the future.
This activity requests students to get knowledgeof disaster situation and know current situationin family or community. 30-60 minutes ispreferable to be allocated.



Making knowledge or
opinions concrete

Making reports is important for students tomake opinions or knowledge concrete and to
make decision in their minds.



Keeping earthquake
experiences in mind
Having opportunities toconsider disastermanagement
Development of ability
to show experience inessays
Keeping earthquake
experiences in mind
Having opportunities toconsider disastermanagement
Development of drawing
abilityDiscussion



among



studentsPresentation

Evaluation

Thinking what
to do

Making report








Writing essays

Drawing

Points of activities

Future children do not know the situation inearthquake disasters. If students haveearthquake experiences, it is better to write their
bad experiences or problems on earthquake
situation in order to transfer difficulties tosurvive to future generation.

Drawing also has same meanings as writing
essays. In addition, drawing is useful for futurechildren to imagine disaster situation if any
photo or video is not available for disastereducation in the future.

Point!
Effects to students have two types. One is for disaster reduction andthe other is for human being. Some effects are necessary for humanbeing. Therefore, activities can be integrated wit your subjects. In
addition, it is hoped that teacher think proposed education is forraising children through disaster education.

8

How to Conduct Competition as Disaster Education
Lessons learned from essay and drawing competitions
In October, 2008, EDM-NIED andSTAR

Foundation

conducted

essay and drawing competitionin two schools located in Bagh,
AJK, Pakistan. These essays anddrawing

werecollected

andpublished as a textbook.

Ineach competition, students weredivided in to five groups. Essay
competition targets 5 students in
each

group

and

drawingcompetition targets 3 students ineach schools.

In eachschool, 23 and 25 students
participated

in

essay

competition and 15 and 19
students

participateddrawing competition.

in
Each

student completed an essay
and each group completed adrawing.

Each group wereassigned to focus on one offollowing time period as their
theme;

1)

Earthquake

occurrence to 3rd day; 2) 3rd
day to Ramadan and Eid
festival (1 month); 3) 1 month
to 6 months; 4) 6months to 1
year; and, 5) 1 year to 3 years.
This grouping meant students
can cover 3 years after theearthquake through sharing
experiences.

Table shows

Grouping in the competition

Earthquake occurrence to 3rd day: Nobody in Bagh had
experienced earthquake. Communities carried out rescue
themselves. Communication tools were not working. Somepeople had difficulties to get foods. In the 3 days, people hadmany kinds of problems to survive.
3rd day to Ramadan and Eid festival (1 month): Afterseveral days, many organizations came to the affected area toprovide necessary things. Because of their activities, life
condition was improved. But life would not have improved if
any organization had not come. In addition, this duration
includes Ramadan, culminating with Eid; many people did notexchange greetings because of mourning as their family
members had died.
1 month to 6 months: After 1 month (Eid fesitival), somepeople started to reconstruct houses, whereas some could not.
And some people lost job because of the earthquake. People
would foresee many problems while thinking of their future.
6months to 1 year: Some people completed housereconstruction but some people could not start reconstruction.
The situation was various. Each person had his/her own
experiences by this time.
1 year to 3 years: Many people completed housereconstruction. But some people could not. Most of recovery
activities were completed but reconstruction process continued.
In some villages, activities of disaster management were carriedout for future disasters.

9why these five time periods were selected andthis information was explained to students in
the instruction by STAR Foundation.
In the instruction, students were requested to
discuss with group members about problems
or difficulties in the allocated time periods
and to write the problems or difficulties inessays or drawing.

Group discussion isuseful to remember the earthquake situation
for students who have difficulties to write
essays. In case of drawing, group member
had to decide what they would draw.
Therefore, group discussion becomes a decision making process to decide what they draw as well
as remembering the earthquake. In addition, discussion during both competitions is a part ofshowing and sharing experiences. Sharing information is important for disaster management.
Therefore, discussion is effective not only for competition but also for disaster reduction. Students
are requested to write problems or difficulties in the instruction. Writing problems or difficulties isopportunities for students to think why disaster management is necessary and what they have to do
for disaster reduction. Even if future children see essays and drawings in the textbook, they canlearn from these experiences and have opportunities to think.
The five periods proposed in the competition cover 3 years after the earthquake of 2005. When
students

share

their

experiences,

they

can

understandprocess

fromresponsetorecovery/reconstruction of disaster management cycle. By collecting essays and drawings andpublishing them, children understand such process even if they have not experienced earthquake
themselves.
In the competition, time of writing essays and drawing was 50-60 minutes including discussion.
50-60 minutes was not sufficient for some of students. Through the experiences, 30 minutes
discussion and 60 minutes writing are preferable.

10

Point!

Point!

Through the competition, it is hoped tocover the process from earthquake
occurrence to reconstruction because
students understand the process andrealizeimportanceofdisastermanagement.

It is hoped that students write problems
or difficulties in earthquake situation. It
is effective to realize importance ofdisaster management and consider what
they should do.

Essay competition
Objective

Instruction

Making groups

For disaster reductionTo remember the earthquake experiencesTo share the earthquake experiences

To identify the problems in disastersituation

Group discussion

For education
To enhance ability to transfer theexperiences clearly through writing essays

Writing essays



To raise presentation ability

Things to be prepared

Presentation



Pen



Essay sheet (refer to appendix)

Necessary time

Evaluation



120 minuets and presentation/evaluation

Activities
Fig Implementation process of essay
competition

Instruction (refer to pp. 39)

Making groupsGroup discussionWriting essays

Presentation

Evaluation

Point!
Group discussion should beemphasized rather than writing
essays.
The essay competition
provides with opportunities toremember and share earthquake
experiencesandtorealizeimportanceofdisastermanagement.

11

Drawing competition
Objective

Instruction

Making groups

Group discussion

For disaster reductionTo remember the earthquake experiencesTo share the earthquake experiences

For educationTo raise awareness on cooperation

To enhance drawing ability

To increase presentation ability

Things to be prepared

Drawing

PresentationPens or color pencils



Drawing sheets

Necessary time

120 minuets and presentation/evaluation

Activities

Evaluation

Fig Implementation process ofdrawing competition

Point!
Each group is requested tocomplete a drawing cooperatively
with each other.
These areopportunities of decision making
and cooperation.

12

Instruction (refer to pp. 39)

Making groupsGroup discussion

DrawingPresentation

Evaluation

Other competition
Debate competition
Debate is a kind of group discussion. Teachers can follow the steps of essay and drawing
competition.

Groups members discuss from different standpoints.

Through the discussion,

students can understand people in different standpoints (situation). Topics for debates can beselected by adopting any of the following; 1) a teacher decides, 2) students decide through reading
one of essays, and 3) teachers or students select topics (questions) from question examples in thisguideline. It is hoped that groups cover earthquake occurrence to present time to understandresponse to reconstruction. If students do not have disaster experiences, topics can be decided
from the textbook.
Speech competition
Speech is individual work but group work should be involved. One of the ways to involve group is
to do group discussion before speeches and the other is carrying out discussion after speeches. Ifgroup discussion is done before speeches, discussion topics can be decided by teachers or
students using the textbook. If group discussion is conducted after the speeches, students candiscuss important points of speeches and draw learning.
Drama competition
Performing drama is also group work. To perform drama, scenario is necessary. Essays in the
textbook can be scenarios for drama. Students can also make original scenarios by themselves.
It is necessary for students to learn from past disasters when they make scenarios. Students arerequested to read the textbook and discuss with each other. It is important to make drama an
interactive media by carrying out discussions with the audience and inviting them to suggest
changes in scenarios.

13How to Use Textbook: Class Examples
This chapter proposes four cases to utilize the essays inCase 1the textbook.

Reading

Case 1 is the simplest education

program and Case 4 is advanced program.
Case 1: Students read essays by themselves. Teachers
can read to younger students.

Case 2Students will learn

about experiences in earthquake situation. When time

Reading
Discussion between teachersand students

is short for disaster education, Case 1 is preferable.
But Case 2, 3, and 4 are hoped to be conducted
especially for students in higher class.
Case 2: This is developmental program of Case 1.
Teachers facilitate discussion using question examples

Case 3in the textbook.

Reading
Making groups
Discussion among students

Additionally, teachers can ask

students freely according to students understanding
and interests.
Case 3: Group discussion is emphasized in this case.
Question examples can be used as discussion topics

Presenting conclusion

but teachers and students can also develop topics.
Through

Evaluationthese

activities,

students

can

share

information.
Case 4: This case includes opportunity to think what toCase 4do in addition to Case 3. This is also group work.

Case 3

When students think what to do for disaster reduction,+

students should think what to do before, during, andThinking what to doafter disasters. This is opportunity to think mitigation,
preparedness, response, and recovery/reconstruction.

Presenting conclusion
Evaluation

Point!
The textbook includes many drawings. Insteadof essays, drawing can be utilized in Case 1 to 4.
In that case, students have opportunities to think
what drawing is showing.

14

Essay Topics
Impacts to House/Residential issues
Earthquake
Topicsoccurrence to
3rd dayHouse

3rd day to

1 month to

6 months to

1 year to

1month6 months

1 year

3 years

pp. 43, 44,
45, 46, 47
pp. 49pp. 58, 59,
61, 62

pp. 48, 49

pp. 60

pp. 15, 16, 17,
pp. 2618

Tent
pp. 23, 25

Shelterpp. 38, 41
pp. 35, 37
pp. 36, 37,38Construction
material

pp. 63

Other Impacts/Countermeasures
Earthquake
Topicsoccurrence to
3rd day

3rd day to

1 month to

6 months to

1 year to

1month6 months

1 year

3 years

Water

pp. 12
pp. 12, 13, 14,
15, 16, 18
pp. 12, 18, 19,
21

Food

pp. 18, 20

pp. 25

pp. 33, 34,35

pp. 52

pp. 62

Reliefpp. 21

pp. 23, 26,
27, 28

pp. 33, 35,36

pp. 43, 48,
50, 50, 51,
52

pp. 60

pp. 33, 35,36

pp. 43, 44,48

pp. 58, 61

Evacuation
Rescuepp. 33, 35

Recoverypp. 25Road

pp. 27Compensation

pp. 28

Jobless

pp. 30Psychologicalproblems

pp. 49Point!
If teachers have topics which they want toteach, please use these tables to refer toessay topics. Using these tables, students
can learn earthquake occurrence to 3 yearsof specific topics.

15

People, organizations, and facilities
Earthquake
Topicsoccurrence to
3rd day

3rd day to

1 month to

6 months to

1 year to

1month6 months

1 year

3 years

Relativepp. 14, 15, 17,
pp. 31
18, 19, 20, 21
pp. 16, 18

Community

pp. 20

Familypp. 34
pp. 34

pp. 26

pp. 41

NGO

pp. 23, 29

pp. 35, 36,
37, 40Government

pp. 25Army

pp. 28Other countries

pp. 24

pp. 33, 35
pp. 33, 36,40
pp. 39pp. 54, 59,
60, 61
pp. 58, 63
pp. 60

pp. 44, 45,46
pp. 46ERRA
UN
Schoolpp. 44, 51
pp. 43, 44,
45, 46, 47,
48
pp. 48
pp. 48, 50,
51

pp. 12, 13, 16,
17, 18, 19, 20

pp. 43

pp. 54, 55,
56, 57, 58,
60, 61, 62

pp. 39HospitalThings to be related to religion
Earthquake
Topicsoccurrence to
3rd dayGod

3rd day to

1 month to

6 months to

1 year to

1month6 months

1 year

3 years

pp. 12, 13, 20,
21

Ramadan andEid

pp. 43
pp. 23, 24,
27, 28, 31

pp. 56
pp. 55, 57

MosqueEnvironment/Impact to environment
Earthquake
Topicsoccurrence to
3rd day

Weather
Landslide16

3rd day to

1 month to

6 months to

1 year to

1month6 months

1 year

3 years

pp. 50, 52

pp. 55, 56

pp. 13, 19, 20,
pp. 29, 30
21
pp. 30

pp. 37, 38,
40, 41
pp. 40pp. 61

Question Examples
Earthquake occurrence to 3rd day
I learn a lesson from a moment of trial that
we must be ready for any tragic incident. (pp.
12)
What did the author feel during evacuation?

What did the author feel during rescue?

We learnt a lesson from this terrible incident
that we must prepare to meet the tragic
moment. (pp. 13)
What did the author feel when the author
saw family member survived?
Why could not the author sleep at night?

I can help others during a terrible earthquake
and can console others. (pp. 14)
What did the author feel while the author
tried to find the sister?
What can we do for preparedness?

Feelings and effects of earthquake (pp. 17)

Earthquake circumstances (pp. 18)







What did the author feel when the author
see many martyred girls?
Why the author’s cousin was disappointed?
Why did the author encourage the cousin?

What did the author feel when the author
helped the mother?
Why was water necessary in earthquake
situation?

Feelings of earthquake (pp. 19)

I can serve others in disasters and canconsole them. (pp. 15)

What did the author feel when the family
stayed one room together for two night?
When did the author feel when relief goods
were distributed?

What did the author feel when the author
rescued the grandmother together with thegrandfather?
What did the author feel when the storm
came and the author felt cold?

The Unforgettable incident (pp. 20)
What did the author feel when the author
saw friends or aunt dead.
What do you think why many people wereburied without coffin?

Effects of Earthquake (pp. 21)(No title) (pp. 16)
What did the author feel about that thebrothers were alive but received serious
injuries?
Why did the author go to uncle’s house andaunt’s house?







Why is there difference between people
whose houses were not so damaged andpeople whose houses were completely
damaged?
Is there any difference between father’s
death and grandfather and grandmother’s
death?
Why did not people care for others after
relief?

17

3rd day to Ramadan and Eid festival (1 month)
Whatever I felt from earthquake up to now(pp. 23)What do you think of people who did notcare for others?



Why did people celebrate Eid simply?

My feelings from the day of earthquake up toknow (pp. 24)
What is the difference between that Eid and
Eid in general?
What was feeling of the author?

We must not afraid of difficulties (pp. 25)
What is the difference between that Eid and
Eid in general?
Why were people selfishly?

What did I feel from the day of earthquake up
to now (pp. 26)


Why did not people care for others?
Why did people fight with each other?
What do you think about such people?

First unforgettable incident of my life (pp. 27)




18

Effects of earthquake (pp. 28)

Why did people weep on Eid?
Why were goods for Eid expensive?
Why did the author feel Eid was strange atthat time?

What did the author feel about children
who were injured?
Why did people wear old clothes in Eid?

Holy Ramadan and Eid (pp. 29)
What did the author feel about Eid at thattime?
Why did the author feel that time passed
slowly?

Ramadan and Eid festival (pp. 30)


What will happen due to landslide caused
by earthquake?
What did the author feel about Eid in tent?
Why did many people lose their job?

Ramadan and Eid festival (pp. 31)
What did parents feel if they lost theirchildren?
What did parent feel when they had Eid?

1 month to 6 months
Whatever I saw and learnt after earthquake(pp. 33)


What did the woman feel when relief goods
were caught by others?
What do you think about the people whopicked up relief goods which the woman
tried to catch?

Whatever I felt after earthquake (pp. 34)
What did the author feel about the parents?
What do you think that nobody had regard
for anybody?

Whatever I felt after earthquake (pp. 35)

If NGO did not come to the affected area,
how could people survive?
What did the author feel about new
construction?

Whatever I felt from the day of earthquake up
to six months (pp. 36)

Why did NGO entertain only rich people?
What did the author feel about NGO?
Why did the author feel fear to go into
shelter?

We and an earthquake (pp. 38)
What did the author feel about winterseason without house?
What did the organization contribute torehabilitation?

The first earthquake of my life (pp. 39)
What did the author feel when the author
saw the old man?
Why did the author feel to have to help andencourage people?

Winter season, the unforgettable situation of
my life (pp. 40)

Why did the author feel that the author
would die that night?
Why are these experiences unforgettable
for the author?

The unforgettable incident of my life (pp. 41)
What did the author feel about neighbors
who spared space to live?
Why did the author feel fear to earthquake
even now?

The unforgettable incident of my life (pp.37 )What do you think of life in tent in coldseason?
What did NGO contribute to rehabilitation?

19

6 months to 1 year
Whatever I felt six months after theearthquake (pp. 43)
What was difference between city area andremote areas?
How do you think the author could not takeeducation for six months after theearthquake?

October 8th, 2005 and loss of life andfinance (pp. 44)

Why did the leader have no time for welfareof public?
Why did the author feel ERRA or NGO was
like brother?

8th October and loss of life and finance (pp.
45)
Why did the leader have no time for welfareof public?
Why did the author feel ERRA was like
brother?

Earthquake of October 8th and loss of lives
and finance (pp. 46)
What did the author feel recovery activities
from foreign people?
Why did the author feel ERRA was like
brother?

Earthquake of 8th October and its effects onlife (pp. 47)


20

Why did the author thank to NGO?
Why did the author feel that we went 50
years behind due to the earthquake?

Earthquake and our problems (pp. 48)
What kinds of impression did the author
have about government or NGO?
Why did the author have complaint against
NGO?

Earthquake & our conditions (pp. 49)


Why did many people have psychologicalproblems even after six month?
What do you feel if you can not havepermanent house after six month fromearthquake?

The first earthquake of myconditions and relief etc (pp. 50)



life,

the

Why did the author feel that people
become enemy?
Why did the author need to encourage
family members?

Man should help other at every tragic
situation (pp. 51)
What do you think situation that
community people were fighting to getrelief goods?
What should people have act at that time?

The first tragic incident in my life (pp. 52)
What did the author feel that people
became enemies?
What did you feel about this situation?

1 year to 3 years
From October, 8 up to now (pp. 54)
What do you think school building has notbeen reconstructed even after three years
passed?
Why did the author thank to NGO?

Effects of October, 8 earthquake (pp. 55)

What do you think school building has notbeen reconstructed even after three years
passed?
Why did people pay attention to school ormosque?

Effects of October 8, earthquake (pp. 56)
What did the author feel about source full
person tried to improve their financial
status?
What do you think school building has notbeen reconstructed even after three years
passed?

Effects of 8th October, earthquake (pp. 57)


Why people turn their face when the author
asked them?
What did the author hope?

Effect of October 8, earthquake (pp. 58)


Why did the author remember theearthquake on 8th October?
What do you think school building has notbeen reconstructed even after three years
passed?

Lively people (pp. 59)
What did the author feel about NGO?
What do you think difference between
peoplewho
completedhouse
reconstruction and people who have notcompleted?

When earthquake occurred I was at school.
And it was the first terrible incident of my life
(pp. 60)


What did the author feel after completion?
What did NGO contribute to the author?

Reconstruction (pp. 61)
What were difficulties if roads had notconstructed yet?
What do you think that the impacts of theearthquake are still remaining when it
rains?

Population (pp. 62)
What did the author want to tell in thisessay?
How is the situation of reconstruction
around you?

Settlement (pp. 63)

Why did the author feel government policy
was wrong?
What did the author feel that some people
were still living in temporary shelters evenafter three years passed?

21

Appendix: Translation
Translation ofof Essays
EssaysAppendix:
Earthquake Occurrence to 3rd day
I learn a lesson from a moment of trial that we must be ready for any tragic incident. (pp. 12)Your experiences: As God tests every human being how much patience he possesses, God also tested me. On themorning of October 8th, 2005, a terrible earthquake occurred. It was very first earthquake in my life. I was at school
when a huge explosion suddenly took place and the earth started trembling. At the same time, the school building
was about to fall. I managed to run away, making way to my house. My books and copies were lost under the debris.
When I was on my way home, I saw many injured people lying on the ground and a number of people breathing theirlast. I did not care and kept on walking towards my home. When I reached home, all were safe and sound. Now I set off
to see my other relatives. I saw some injured and some martyred. I fetched water for injured and tore cloths to treat
their wounds. I faced this moment of trial with endurance.
What can you do against future disasters?: We learnt a lesson from this earthquake that we must not be afraid ofsuch terrible calamities and face them with courage and bravery.
What do you want to tell your future children?: Never afraid of calamities like earthquake, floods and windstorms and face them with courage.

We learnt a lesson from this terrible incident that we must prepare to meet the tragic moment(pp. 13)Your experiences: When a nation indulges in injustice, indiscipline and corruption, God gives difficult test to people.
One such test was given to people of Kashmir valley at 8:52 am on Saturday 8th of October in 2005. It was a terrible
disaster which hit Bagh, Muzaffarabad and Balakot. I was in school. Due to severe shaking of earth, the schoolbuilding collapsed. Nothing was visible amidst dust clouds and smoke. When smoke died, I started walking towards
my home. On my way home, I saw fallen houses and people trapped under these fallen houses. I thought no one
would be alive at my home. Although I was pleased to see that all survived, this incident caused death of many people
around. There was rain at night and we had nothing to prevent ourselves from the rain. We spent a sleepless night.
The next day, the injured were rescued for treatment. I pray that such fearful earthquake may never come again!
What can you do against future disasters?: We must not fear such incidents and should face the challenges withcourage and bravery.
What do you want to tell your future children?: Never to be afraid of floods, wind storms and earthquakes etc wemust face them with determination.

I can help others during a terrible earthquake and can console others. (pp. 14)
Your experiences: There was a tragic earthquake at 8:52 am on October 8th, 2005. I was sitting for examination.
When the earth began to shake, I ran towards my house and on my way saw one of my cousins trapped under fallen
house. I tried to rescue him out but could not because there were no tools available. Then I ran to school to find out
about my sister. I came to know that my sister had gone with one of her friends and ran towards her friend’s house
but she was not there. After that I ran back towards her school. I was really sad to see her dead body. I ran to my home
and told my family. There were no tools to dig up graves for dead bodies. Thank to God that our uncle’s house was
not destroyed and we found some tools there. At some places, five dead bodies were buried in one grave. It’s mydesire that may such earthquake never occur again! Today we are going towards a brighter future.
What can you do against future disasters?: I should prepare to face such type of earthquakes and in this was I
can help others.
What do you want to tell your future children?: I want to convey to the future children that they must get
information about this earthquake.

22

I can serve others in disasters and can console them. (pp. 15)
Your experiences: At the time of earthquake of 8th October, 2005, I was in school. One of my teachers got his leg
injured as a result of collapse of school building, We took him out to a safe place. There was a little girl under thebuilding who received severe wounds. We carried her to her parents and brother and sisters. When I reached myhome, it was completely destroyed but due to God’s mercy all were safe. My sister who was studying at college cameunder the building and had a severe injury on her arm. When we went to see our sister I saw many martyred girls. We
took them out and carried to the college ground. When I reached my home, I heard about two women under thedebris in my neighborhood. I took them out along with some other people. They were slightly injured but two of theirchildren were martyred. One of my cousins who lost his leg was demoralized but I encouraged him. One of my nieces
was also martyred in this earthquake.
What can you do against future disasters?: I can adopt precautionary measures in tragedies and serve forpeople.
What do you want to tell your future children?: I want to convey to the future children that knowledge must be
learnt about disasters and must look for the evacuation places during such disasters.

(No title) (pp. 16)
Your experiences: When earthquake of October 8th, 2005 happened, I was in school. Suddenly map of worldchanged due to stormy earthquake. The school building fell. No harm came to anybody except two children were
injured. Everyone was worried about himself in fact I also had same thoughts. When the earthquake stopped I quickly
ran towards my house. When I reached home, I saw my house was completely destroyed. My elder sister was weeping.
When I asked her the reason, she said two of her younger brothers were trapped under the house. I looked everywhereto find tools but could not find any. I started to take off soil with my hands. Thanks God both of my brothers were alive
but received serious injuries. No life was lost in my home, I went to my uncle’s house, then to my aunt’s house but
there was no loss. Perhaps I was unaware that my grandfather is fighting for life under fallen house.
What can you do against future disasters?: I want to convey to the upcoming generation that they must be readyfor sky disasters. If disasters happen, we will have to face courageously.
What do you want to tell your future children?: I want to convey that we must fear of God and perform gooddeeds. So we can survive from such disasters.

Feelings and effects of earthquake (pp. 17)
Your experiences: On October 8th, 2005, I left the house. I had to sit in my 1st term exam on that day. The examinerdelivered papers. I solved two questions then at 8:52 am a big disaster occurred. I had heard about the earthquake ofJapan before but had no idea of its intensity. I saw school walls falling but roof remained intact. All students survived
only 4 were injured. I started walking towards my home. On the way I saw people crying and weeping. As more thanhalf of village houses were destroyed, my own house was badly damaged. When I reached my house, I saw my father,mother and sister waiting for me. We spent two nights in one of the rooms in my house which received less damage.
On third day, trucks from Pakistan came with relief goods to distribute. Pakistani Nation helped us much as possible,
which showed that Pakistan was a living nation and can face tough circumstances. It was surprise for me that like all
the nations where disasters occurred, Kashmiri Nation took less time to recover in all fields including education andrehabilitation.
What can you do against future disasters?: First of all I will try to save myself. If I will be inside a building andwould not able to go out, I will sit down in a corner of building. If I mange to go out I will sit in an evacuation place.
What do you want to tell your future children?: I convey to the future generation that they must adopt
precautionary measures. Study subject of Geography, learn more about earthquake.

23

Earthquake circumstances (pp. 18)
Your experiences: On October 8, 2005, we came to school. After attending assembly, we went to class room. The
period started. It was period of Mathematics when a terrible noise arose suddenly. It was at 8:52 am when earthquake
occurred. We were scared when felt earth trembling. The building fell while I was watching it. Some children cameunder the building. We took them out, but some were martyred. Injured ones were given water at a safe site. We had
no idea about that earthquake. We had heard from our elders that the earthquake occurred when sins werecommitted on earth. After that, I went home. My house had fallen down. My grandmother and cousin were martyred.
My mother also came under the debris. We took her out alive. We fetched water for her. There was no food and water
available. At that time, I heard a cry. I saw a boy who was under the house. I took him out and gave him water.
What can you do against future disasters?: Whenever earthquake occurs we should look for open field because
there is no danger of falling materials.
What do you want to tell your future children?: I want to convey to our upcoming generation that they should
not be afraid of earthquakes because they often come.

Feelings of earthquake (pp. 19)
Your experiences: When earthquake occurred, I was studying outside at the school ground. Suddenly earth started
trembling. When I looked up, stones were falling. I was afraid and thought that it was doom’s day. Then earthquake
stopped. There was distress everywhere. I saw many injured crying then went home and saw my house fallen on the
ground. I saw no one of my family. I called my grandfather. He said from a hole that he was taking out mygrandmother. I also went in that hole and brought her out together with my grandfather. Her back and leg werebroken. We took her out to an open space. Nothing was saved in my house. When I asked my grandfather aboutothers, he told me that my aunt and cousin had martyred. That was a selfish situation. I went to search water. I was
feeling very thirsty but there was no water. Springs were out of water. At night, hailstorm started suddenly. There wasno place to stay. Due to the hailstorm, people were feeling very cold. That evening,broke my fast with water.
What can you do against future disasters?: In future I can escape to a safe place inside or outside the house.
What do you want to tell your future children?: I convey message to future generation that they make suchplaces where they can stay safely.

The Unforgettable incident (pp. 20)
Your experiences: On 8th of October, 2005, we arrived at school and teachers were taking attendance at classes. At
8:52 am, building fell down due to a powerful jolt. Our teachers went outside. When walls of the building started
falling, the boys were crying. I was also running out of school. One of my friends who was with me could not manage
to escape. He came under building and was martyred. It was distress everywhere outside the school. My school
children were weeping. Then I came to know that another friend had died. After that I ran towards my house. My aunt
was under the fallen house. My parents took her out but she had severe injuries and died sometime later. After that wewent to our neighbor’s house and started taking out dead bodies. There was a house in our village which was not sodamaged. We went there. At night it rained heavily. The roads cracked open . There was nothing to eat many people
did not observe fast. However, some people kept on remembering God. On that day no one was worried about others.
All were doing everything for themselves. After that we came to know that all corpses were gathered in the same
house where we stay. There was no coffin for dead bodies. Many were buried without coffins.
What can you do against future disasters?: If such an incident takes place, we will be less afraid but will help
others generously so that we can retain our belief.
What do you want to tell your future children?: I want to convey to my future children that we must face suchterrible incidents with bravely and maintain our courage.

24Effects of Earthquake (pp. 21)Your experiences: On 8th of October 2005, a terrible earthquake occurred. It affected not only Kashmir but also
Pakistan. It affected the earth so badly that water disappeared from the earth. The people’s everyday living was
disturbed. The people whose houses were not damaged were chasing relief vans. Those people whose houses werecompletely damaged did not find any thing. They were just praying to their lord for their safety. My father had died
one year before the earthquake. My grandfather and my grandmother died in the earthquake but my mother, younger
sister and brother was safe. In the evening there was hailstorm and my brother and sister were trembling because ofcold. There was nothing to prevent them from the cold. We spent the time with patience. After the relief work started,
I received a tent and a plastic sheet. People were running madly after the relief and had no considerations for others. I
want to become a great man after finish studying. The first night after the earthquake was very fearful. On the secondday, there were jolts and they continued for hours. In the morning of third day, I was happy. We were thankful to God
that the jolts had stopped. I want to help others.
What can you do against future disasters?: People of every country in the world must be ready to faceearthquakes.
What do you want to tell your future children?: I want to leave the message for the upcoming generation thatthey help others that other countries help us in the disaster.

3rd day to Ramad and Eid festival (1 month)
What I felt from earthquake up to now (pp. 23)
Your experiences: On October 8th, 2005, there was a terrible earthquake. Due to the earthquake, whole Kashmir
suffered in the month of Ramadan. When relief started and NGOs started to distribute relief goods people were busy
collecting relief goods. People had no care for others during relief distribution. We made a shelter to live safely. Many
people did not have shelters and were living under open sky. Then Eid day came and people celebrated Eid day withsimplicity. People whose relatives had died, had no one to share their griefs. They also celebrated the festival withsimplicity.
What can you do against future disasters?: I think our upcoming generation must try to save themselves fromterrible earthquakes.
What do you want to tell your future children?: I want to convey message to future generation they must not be
afraid of such incidents and face them bravely and with patience.

My feelings from the day of earthquake up to know (pp. 24)
Your experiences: After three days of the earthquake on October 8th, 2005, we were able to think for ourselves. We
started to get something for living because there was nothing to eat. It was the month of Ramadan. The people were
under the open sky. At the day of Eid, we were sitting in our houses helplessly because there was nothing to eat. Eidmeans pleasure but we celebrated Eid with grief. Due to deaths of our relatives we spent Eid just as a formality. Somepeople were looking for relief on the Eid day. We were grateful to Pakistan and other countries that they supported us
in this difficult situation.
What can you do against future disasters?: I think when such an incident occurs we should not be afraid andshould be patient.
What do you want to tell your future children?: I want to convey to my future generation that they should adopt
safety measures.

25

We must not be afraid of difficulties. (pp. 25)
Your experiences: A big earthquake occurred on 8th October 2005, in Kashmir. After three days, people recovered
themselves to manage shelters to live. People were searching for something to eat. The relief work had started for thepeople. They ran after the relief selfishly. We were living under the open sky. Then shelters and tents were provided
by the government. When the Eid day came after the Ramadan, we stayed at home as if there was no Eid. Eid is thename of pleasure but this was celebrated with pains. We spent Eid just as a formality because our friends and relatives
had died. Most of the people were looking for relief on Eid day. At last I am thankful to Pakistan and other countries.
What can you do against future disasters?: I think whenever such type of incidents takes place we should not be
afraid but face it with courage.
What do you want to tell your future children?: I want to send message to the future generation that they should
build earthquake proof houses and meet the disasters with courage.

What I felt from the day of earthquake up to now (pp. 26)
Your experiences: The earthquake of October 8, 2005 was a terrible disaster for Kashmir which resulted in
destruction at large scale. It was the month of Ramadan. From 3rd day of the earthquake, the aid started to come forthe people. I saw some people were busy in cleaning the debris of their houses and some were looking for the relief.
People had no care for others and started fighting with each other. There was no loss of life for us in the earthquake. I
was at school but survived. Some people spent Eid just as a formality and some carried on to get relief goods.
What can you do against future disasters?: Earthquake proof houses should be built to face the earthquake. We
should leave the house at the time of earthquake.
What do you want to tell your future children?: Never afraid of storm, earthquakes and wind storm but face it.

First unforgettable incident of my life (pp. 27)
Your experiences: Three days had passed after the earthquake, but the shocks were still being felt by everybody,whereas people were already suffering from fear. It was the first tragic incident of my life. The relief activities had
started after three days of earthquake. Roads were blocked. People carried their patients on their shoulders to
hospitals. Dead bodies were recovered from houses after passing of three days. There were injured people who had
broken legs and back bones; they were disabled. People observed Ramadan helplessly. They wore torn clothes at Eid
after the Ramadan. At the Eid day, everyone was weeping for his dears. They were fewer goods at shops for Eid. These
goods were very expensive. This was a strange Eid in my life and was first unforgettable incident of my life.
What can you do against future disasters?: If earthquake occurs in future we can save ourselves from injury or
death because we now have earthquake proof houses and schools.
What do you want to tell your future children?: If earthquake takes place in future we have to tell our childrenthat they should help those who need help.

26

Effects of the earthquake (pp. 28)
Your experiences: After three days of the earthquake, the people were living under the open sky. The army started
to give relief. People went to relief camps and had spent full day there and turned back. After that, the army started asurvey and giving compensation to people. Because of the earthquake, many children broke their legs. They looked at
the other children and wished if they were like others and could walk with them but alas they could not play, run orwalk like others!. After the earthquake many people observed fasts and spent the Eid in worn out old clothes andshoes.
What can you do against future disasters?: If any earthquake occurs next I will help people to brave calamitywith courage..
What do you want to tell your future children?: I give message to our future children that they should not be
afraid of such disasters and earthquakes but face them with courage.

Holy Ramadan and Eid (pp. 29)
Your experiences: I was very depressed after three days of earthquake. I was thinking that we have become thevictims of a tragic disaster. There were many questions in my mind because it was the month of Ramadan and cold aswell. These were difficult moments for us. I was very nervous but some international NGOs came to encourage us.
Every one was sad at Eid and I was also unhappy because one of my friends with whom I used to spend my Eid day had
died. So, that Eid day was not pleasant as before. I celebrated my Eid in old cloths because no new clothes wereavailable. Days passed slowly. I gain courage and now I live happily due to God’s grace. We spent the Eid day in a tent.
What can you do against future disasters?: I will not afraid, if such disaster occurs again and I will not forget
helping others.
What do you want to tell your future children?: I will convey the message to the coming generation that don’t
afraid of such terrible circumstance and help others.

Ramadan and Eid festival (pp. 30)
Your experiences: In the third day after earthquake, I was very depressed. I felt small jolts and I was thinking ofmany earthquakes at different times. I had never seen such type of earthquake before. It was very cold too. We had noplace to live because all of our land was lost due to landslide. The month of Ramadan passed very sadly. There was afear that bigger earthquake may come. We celebrated Eid in old clothes. When we went to offer Eid prayer, wereturned back from Mosque with fear of a strong earthquake. We spent Eid day in a tent. Most of the people had nobusiness except getting relief goods.
What can you do against future disasters?: We can face an earthquake if occurs latter.
What do you want to tell your future children?: I want to tell future children not to be afraid of such type ofearthquake and to face it.

27

Ramadan and Eid festival (pp. 31)
Your experiences: Ramadan is a month of blessings, people observe fast in this month. Many parents lost theirchildren in the earthquake on October 8th 2005. In Ramadan, good deeds are rewarded ten times more. In thatRamadan about one hundred people martyred and injured. At the end of Ramadan Eid comes. People celebrated Eidin old clothes. Everybody was weeping for their lost dears. That day was fearful. Everyone was sad at the Eid because
many parents lost their children and children lost their parents.
What can you do against future disasters?: We can face if any earthquake occurs again.
What do you want to tell your future children?: I can tell to future children that in case of such earthquake don’t
worry instead face it with determination.

1 month to 6 months
What I saw and learnt after earthquake (pp. 33)
Your experiences: The destructive earthquake hit us on 8th of October 2005. I felt that people were busy with theirown affairs and had no care for others. So the army took the responsibility. I, on my own behalf and on the behalf ofmy friends, am thankful to all the people who helped Kashmiri nation in difficult circumstances. I noticed people busy
looking for financial aid. I often enjoy remembering what happened to me. Our Pakistani brothers were distributing
relief goods in vans. A man threw something towards me but some people rushed and picked all up. I managed tocatch just one packet. A woman started shouting that it was hers. Although it was the period of selfishness but I left
the packet for the woman because I had learnt from teachers to show respect for elders and affection for younger. The
woman fell little bit sorry but at that time there was no shame. I thought that God likes those people who help others
so we should not ignore any one.
What can you do against future disasters?: God loves those who love his creation. Please help other people who
cannot help themselves..
What do you want to tell your future children?: A man is the best among the people whose attitude and behavior
is the best with the people.

What I felt after earthquake (pp. 34)
Your experiences: I thought what I came across 6 months after the earthquake was that people were suffering frominferiority complex. People were busy in their own affairs and no one had regard for others. I was living with my father,mother, younger brother and sister in a tent. Younger brother, sister and I were very scared. However, our parents
encouraged us. My father used to leave the house in the morning and manage to get something to eat. Some of ourrelatives were living under open sky because they were settled at a hill away from city. They had difficulty to reach thecity so we helped them substantially.
What can you do against future disasters?: I felt after that incident that we should not be afraid of any storm.
Instead we should fight against them.
What do you want to tell your future children?: I request future generation that they should not be afraid of any
types of disasters and fight against them.

28

What I felt after earthquake (pp. 35)
Your experiences: The sun of October 2005 rose with damage and destruction. Up to one month after earthquake,
we had nothing to cover our heads. After one month when NGOs came, we received a tent to live and relief goods toeat and drink. People of Pakistan cooperated with us. Then government announced to pay compensation. We got
compensation and started to construct our house. We pray to God to protect us from such type of tragic moments.
Our house was completely destroyed in the earthquake and we had to live under the sky.
What can you do against future disasters?: I want to say we must not be afraid of any upcoming disaster andcompete it.
What do you want to tell your future children?: I want to say to the future children that they must not be afraid ofsuch disasters and pray to their Got to protect from such storms.

What I felt from the day of earthquake up to six months (pp. 36)
Your experiences: On October 8th 2005, the sun rose with destruction. At exactly 8:52 am, the whole Azad
Kashmir suffered a severe earthquake and my house was badly destroyed. I was at school when earthquake took
place. After that, a month of relief work continued. People used to get their necessities from relief. If there was no
relief, it would have been difficult for us to survive. Then we got compensation. I observed that the NGOs entertainedrich people and left the poor. Army Soldiers visited every house. Although my house was not completely collapsed,
walls were damaged. We were afraid of living in the house. When we got the compensation, we built temporary
shelters. However, it was fearful for me to go into shelters. I was so afraid of earthquake and became nervous
whenever anything shook. We should pray to God to survive such disaster.
What can you do against future disasters?: I think we should not be afraid of future disasters instead we must
face with patience and bravery.
What do you want to tell your future children?: I want to say the future children that don’t fear such disasters,
pray to their God to save the earth from such disasters.

The unforgettable incident of my life (pp. 37)
Your experiences: One month had passed since the earthquake, but I remembered the earthquake of October, 8,
2005. Scenes of earthquake were in my eyes and I was taking it as a sign of doom’s day. Many of my dears were under
the debris. I was looking for them but to no avail. It was distress everywhere. It was severe cold in December. We had
no shelter to live, then we received a tent and started to live in it. I suffered from illness due to the cold. I was afraidthat if there was snow fall, my tent would collapse. However, there was no snow fall in 2005. It was very cold andrained continuously. Whenever I remember the earthquake, a current passes through me. I think now we haverehabilitated because of the support from NGOs. Lastly I am thankful to STAR Foundation for providing me a chance
to express my feelings.
What can you do against future disasters?: If the earthquake occurs again, I can fight against it. We haveearthquake safer house and I will adopt safety measures, I can also help others.
What do you want to tell your future children?: I want to tell future generation that there was a severe
earthquake on October 8th 2005. If such disaster occurs in future, they should help each other and support the poor.

29

We and an earthquake (pp. 38)
Your experiences: One month had passed since the disaster of October 8, people were worried about theconstruction of their houses. People had no shelters to live although there was a possibility of severe snow fall. Some
organizations came to support people and gave compensation to rebuild their houses. The organization performed
nicely to rehabilitate the affected people. Now people live comfortably because of their efforts.
What can you do against future disasters?: If earthquake occurs in future we must help others.
What do you want to tell your future children?: I want to convey to the future children that they must be ready for
any tough situation.

The first earthquake of my life (pp. 39)
Your experiences: The earthquake of October 8th, 2005 was first earthquake of my life. My leg was injured during
the earthquake. When I was brought to the hospital, I saw many people lying injured. Some had wounds on their legs,
some on their arms and some on their backs. Doctors from different countries were providing medical aid to thepatients. I was sent to the operation theater to apply splint and sent back from the hospital after some days. In that
hospital, an old man with broken leg was weeping alone. All of his family members died due to the terrible
earthquake. Some people were living under the open sky because their houses had collapsed. Even after three to fourmonths of the earthquake, shocks continued. There was a great fear spreading among people. We must help andencourage people.
What can you do against future disasters?: If an earthquake comes in future, we should help others. The walls
must be built with sheets and roof with steel sheets, so we can escape from earthquakes.
What do you want to tell your future children?: We convey to the future generation not to fear if earthquake
occurs. Instead, help others and encourage them.

Winter season, the unforgettable situation of my life (pp. 40)
Your experiences: It was one month after the earthquake. There was not much cold in November. However,
because of the severe cold at the beginning of December it was hard to live. The NGOs gave us tents which were soon
damaged due to fast winds and snow. Afterwards the army provided Rs. 25,000, we used it to construct shelters andstarted living there. However these were not alternate houses. When it was heavy snow fall, it was hard to survive. It
was somewhat easy to spend daytime but very difficult to pass nights. We were hopeless about our lives. The shocks
occurred regularly so did thunderstorms. Every night it seemed that we had no more lives and we would die thatnight. Landslides also occurred and the noise horrified people. It seemed that we would be buried under the earth
soon with landslide and would die. These days and nights were extremely fearful and the circumstances are
unforgettable for me.
What can you do against future disasters?: We must be ready for such tragic circumstance in future and look fora safe place to build house. We must courageously face such incidents and help others.
What do you want to tell your future children?: I want to say our younger children that they must be ready fordisasters and face with bravely.

30

The unforgettable incident of my life (pp. 41)
Your experiences: Practical demonstration of solidarity and unity of the nation can be observed in moments ofsorrow and joy, both. Such moments provide us with an opportunity to judge it. The earthquake of October 8th, 2005,
was such a moment. One month after the earthquake, I was feeling myself safer compared to first two or three days
after the earthquake. After two days, snow fall started. Since it was hilly area, it was hard to live with heavy snow fall.
We were living in a tent which crashed because of snow. It was very difficult to survive. We spent winters in a safe
house in our neighborhood.
After the winter, we constructed our house and started to live there with a sense of security. It is still a fear that such
earthquake may occur again. I pray to God to save us from such sudden disasters
What can you do against future disasters?: I want to say that carry on encouraging others and remind them theirpast. They must adopt precautionary measures and use appropriate material.
What do you want to tell your future children?: I want to tell the future children that the man should be patient intough circumstances, situations keep on changing and difficulties do no sustain forever.

6 months to 1 year
What I felt six months after the earthquake (pp. 43)
Your experiences: For six months after the earthquake, I did not go to school. When God rewards a nation, he neverpunishes it. When a nation indulges in sins, the God punishes. After the earthquake occurred on October 8th, 2005 in
Kashmir and Pakistan, NGOs started to come. After six months, my family and I started to build our house and wewere in progress. I had to go to far away city to get relief. My village was very far away from the city. Due to theearthquake, my education was affected. My relatives were lost. After six months, we thought to build our house to live
in so that I can make progress in life. We received compensation which was 25,000. After seven months from theearthquake, I started my education again. I thanked God that no one died in our school. I convey message to coming
generations that they mange to save themselves from such disasters and be successful in the world.
What can you do against future disasters?: We should fight against any disasters which may come withdetermination.
What do you want to tell your future children?: I want to say to future children if any disaster comes, not to beafraid and trust in God. In fact whatever God does, it is for welfare of people not to cause harm.

October 8th, 2005 and loss of life and finance (pp. 44)
Your experiences: A disastrous earthquake occurred on October, 8th, 2005. After six months from the earthquake,reconstruction of houses had started. Due to the earthquake, we had gone 50 years behind. We can only
re-establish ourselves after many years. However people of this country and foreigners helped us because every poor
man was constructing his house. Extreme gratitude to God that ERRA started to provide compensation but our leaders
had no time for the welfare of the public. Everyone is building his house because ERRA and NGOs provided
compensation and relief. ERRA and NGOs helped us like brothers which we cannot forget throughout our lives.
What can you do against future disasters?: We all pray to God to save us from such a disaster.
What do you want to tell your future children?: Future children should not be afraid of such disasters andtragedies and face these situations bravely.

31

8th October and loss of life and finance (pp. 45)
Your experiences: The terrible earthquake of October 8th, 2005 resulted in loss of many lives. Nobody knew thatthey would loose their friends and never see them again. After six months of the earthquake, construction of houses
had started. Due to the earthquake, we went back fifty years. Deficiencies caused by the earthquake could not becompensated in number of years. People of this country, foreign NGOs, US and ERRA helped us very much. Because of
their help, we recovered from the loss. Thanks to God that every poor man has constructed his house now. Our rulers
have no time to think for the welfare of the people. Many people were deprived. ERRA supported us like our own
brothers and we cannot forget their kindness throughout our life. Up to one year, construction of houses had started.
Everything was OK but we cannot forget grieves of loosing friends in the earthquake. Thanks
What can you do against future disasters?: We all pray to God not to put us in such a trouble again..
What do you want to tell your future children?: The children of future generation should be ready to face all suchcircumstances.

Earthquake of October 8th and loss of lives and finance (pp. 46)
Your experiences: A destructive earthquake of October 8, 2005, caused a large number of deaths. That day nobody knew that they would loose each other and never see each other again. From 6 month to one year of earthquake,construction of houses had started. The earthquake took us back 50 years and the loss would not be recovered inmany years. Many foreign organizations supported us with sense of serving humanity. We can never forget theirkindness. We were supported by organizations including US and NGOs. Among all, ERRA helped us very much. Bothrich and poor people of our country, Pakistan helped us like their own brothers. Rich received the compensation but
many poor men were deprived. The martyrs observed fast did not wait to break it.
The martyrs put on the uniform (special dress for dead body) and did not wait for coffin.
What can you do against future disasters?: We must fight against future disaster disasters. As foreignorganizations helped us we should help them.
What do you want to tell your future children?: The message for the future generation is that they must be readyto face such circumstances.

Earthquake of 8th October and its effects on life (pp. 47)
Your experiences: “Heats tremble to listen to my tale; hold up yourself and then listen my way of description”
October 8, 2005, was a horrible day when a number of valuable lives were lost. No one knew that their dear ones
would go off the scene within few minutes. During that time, all was destroyed but thanks to God that thereconstruction of houses started 6 months after the earthquake. Due to the earthquake, we went back 50 years.
However, because of support of the government, public and foreign NGOs, we were able to compensate the loss. We
cannot forget their kindness. If such a disaster occurs in or away from our country, we will provide full support toaffected people and face the situation with courage.
What can you do against future disasters?: If any disaster occurs in future, we should face it and should help
everybody.
What do you want to tell your future children?: The children of future generation must be ready to face suchcircumstances.

32

Earthquake and our problems (pp. 48)
Your experiences: The earthquake of October 8, 2005, caused large scale damage. Six months after theearthquake, we were looking for relief. Some NGOs started to provide tents and shelters to the people. At that time,
we were worried because we had no shelter and were living under open sky and were still having aftershocks but wewere madly chasing relief.
It was the first incident in my life. I was also injured in the earthquake. It was a test for Muslims. During that time, I
heard that a group of people with daggers had come to the area and it was terrifying for me and my family. The
difficult times kept on passing. Then Pakistani Government announced that affected people would receive
compensation to reconstruct their house. The charge was given to the Army for some areas and others were handed
over to the NGO. Army performed well but the NGO teased the people very much and delayed compensation. The
winter was about to come. The NGO was extremely cruel to people. Everyone thought badly of Islamic Relief andcursed them because they made people worried.
What can you do against future disasters?: We shall face future earthquake with courage. We shall support
others and encourage them and share the troubles of others.
What do you want to tell your future children?: I want to convey to all children and elders of future that they try tolearn to face difficult situations and encourage themselves.

Earthquake and our conditions (pp. 49)
Your experiences: There was large scale destruction due to the October, 8, 2005 earthquake. After the six monthsof the earthquake, our conditions were still worst. Most of the people did not get tents and shelters. Many people hadsuffered from mental illnesses and a large number were injured. Being a Muslim I believe those days were test from
God. We must be thankful to God all the time. A Muslim should always be patient and tolerant. It was the first ever
earthquake in my life and we had no idea about it. We had constructed temporary shelters. Many people had nomoney for buying iron sheets to construct the shelters.
What can you do against future disasters?: We can help others and encourage them if an earthquake hits infuture.
What do you want to tell your future children?: I want to convey to the future children that such toughcircumstances should be competed bravery.

The first earthquake of my life, the conditions and relief etc. (pp. 50)
Your experiences: Six months to one year after the earthquake occurred, the situation was tense. The relief wasbeing distributed among people. People in distress were looking for relief. Flour, blanket and some other things werebeing given to people. The people were in very tense situation. Pakistani nation and foreign countries helped us verymuch. I kept on providing moral support to all of my family members. Pakistan Army gave compensation to remove
debris. At that time, one man had become enemy of others. The people were thinking to get everything forthemselves. Some people were very unhappy because many of their relatives had died. They were in difficult
conditions. The earthquake was so terrifying for me. Whenever we had rain or wind storm, I thought of earthquake.
The earthquake was very terrible but we can survive in such condition.
What can you do against future disasters?: I want to tell about the hazards to come and that we should adopt
safety measures and help other in such difficult situations.
What do you want to tell your future children?: I want to send message to the future generation that we must beable to live in tough conditions.

33

Man should help others at every tragic situation. (pp. 51)
Your experiences: Six months had passed after the earthquake. There was relief distribution everywhere. People
were running after each other for relief. People were fighting each other for relief; brother had turned against his own
brother. Some people went to offices of organizations and asked them to provide goods because they had to
distribute among affected people. They received goods but kept in their own houses. People fought for relief.
Suddenly a rumor came around that a group of people carrying daggers with them had come to the area. The people
were terrified. People would scare others during nights and take way relief goods and put blame on group of dagger
carriers. Sometimes, a brother would rob his own brother by scaring him and in the morning would come to express
sorrow over loss. So everyone should help others in time of trial.
What can you do against future disasters?: If such an earthquake occurs in future we shall fight against it withbravery and courage.
What do you want to tell your future children?: I want to convey to future generation that if any incident takes
place then compete it with boldness and bravery.

The first tragic incident in my life (pp. 52)
Your experiences: Just after the earthquake, many foreigners helped our people through relief; they also gave fooditems. However due to the relief, people become became disintegrated and lost their unity; a brother would turnagainst his own brother. People tried to snatch away relief goods from others; relief blinded the people. While thepeople away from the road were searching for dead bodies of their loved ones, many people robbed trucks for relief
goods. A number of people had nothing to eat. Many people migrated to cities. A group of robbers entered the village.
Whenever they came across a woman, they would take off her jewelry. The people were terrified. There was severe
cold those days. People were dying of cold and hunger. However, many people had enough things to survive in coldand had food to eat. I saw first time people becoming enemies of each other during the earthquake.
What can you do against future disasters?: We must adopt more measures to save us from such conditions. And
house should be built at safe sites. Food and other necessities should be kept in mind.
What do you want to tell your future children?: I will convey to the future children that should be patient to face
all the tragedies.

1 year to 3 years
From October, 8 up to now (pp. 54)
Your experiences: On October 8, 2005 an earthquake hit AJK. resulting in death of a large number of people.
Whenever 8th of October came in the past three years, we remembered people who lost their lives in the earthquake.
Now the conditions have improved. Foreign countries supported us and gave us compensation. We have constructed
our house and now live in them comfortably. The reconstruction of schools has not yet started. Where shall we study?
The winter is near to come. We do not say that NGOs did not support us, they provided us tents. Since we study theyshould give more attention to building schools, it will be very kind of NGOs. I think you will do something for ourschool.
What can you do against future disasters?: We pray to God to save all of us from such type of troubles.
What do you want to tell your future children?: Our elders told us after earthquake that whenever disasters occur
we must gather at a safe place and must not try to run, as running can be dangerous.

34Effects of October, 8 earthquake (pp. 55)
Your experiences: The earthquake of October 8, 2005 was a tragedy; a day which we can not forget that day
throughout our life. That day many people lost their dear ones and many were rendered homeless. Thanks to God
that we all have reconstructed our houses. We live in houses with our families very happily. Every man tried his best to
improve his financial condition. We have built our houses but no one gave attention to schools and Mosques. The
students study in tents. The winter season is about to start and there will be rain, wind and snow fall. If the tents falldown, the study will be disturbed. What will be the future in these circumstances?
What can you do against future disasters?: I can adopt safety measures to help the others.
What do you want to tell your future children?: If a terrible disaster occurs we should face it with unity.

Effects of October 8, earthquake (pp. 56)
Your experiences: The destructive earthquake of October 8, 2005 was an unforgettable day of our life. On that day
many children lost their mothers. Now almost three years have passed after the earthquake but there is no significant
change in our condition. Influential people tried to make their financial conditions better and better but no body took
notice of helpless poor; their conditions remain unchanged. People gave special attention to construction of houses
and their decoration but did not care for schools and mosques. Children are still studying while sitting on stones inschools. For the past 3 year’s prayer of special Ramdan night prayers and Eid Prayer are being offered in open fields.
The winter season is going to come again, in these conditions what will be our future?
What can you do against future disasters?: I can help others through taking measures in disasters.
What do you want to tell your future children?: We should face tragic disasters together with unity.

Effects of 8th October, earthquake (pp. 57)
Your experiences: As you know, three years ago on October 8, 2005, a massive earthquake took place anddestroyed our houses. In that earthquake many mothers lost their children and many children lost their mothers. This
incident happened about three years ago. Many of the people have completed construction of their houses and anumber of people are still constructing their houses. The people who lost their dear ones still remember and mournthem. We are still studying in tents. People have constructed their houses but Mosque has not yet been constructed in
our village. The people of our village have been offering their Ramdan night prayer and Eid prayer in open fields. The
biggest problem is schools because we are still getting education in tents. These tents fall due to rains. It is sorry to
say that the people feel no shame in begging dowry for their daughters from organizations. However when they are
asked about schools and mosques, they turn their faces away. They do not know where their children sit in school.
The winter season is about to come once again and there is no care attention to construction of schools. If the school
is not constructed, how can we continue our study in these circumstances?
What can you do against future disasters?: We pray to God to save us from such type of disasters. If there occurs
any disaster, I can help others through adopting measures.
What do you want to tell your future children?: If any disaster or tragedy occurs we should respond collectively
and help each other.

35Effect of October 8, earthquake (pp. 58)
Your experiences: October 8, 2005 was a doomsday for the people of Azad Kashmir. Many of our dear ones left us
on that day. When the day of October 8th comes, we shed tears for our loved ones. Government of Pakistan helped
the people through compensation. We are now trying to lead a better life. We have reconstructed our houses. People
are working to rehabilitate their houses. On the day of earthquake, classes were going on nicely. I remained safe in theearthquake. There was no loss of life in my home. No one took notice of our school. The children are getting
education sitting on stones.
What can you do against future disasters?: We all pray that May God not send such a disaster in future.
What do you want to tell your future children?: We want to tell our children that when a disaster hits you, all ofyou gather at one place.

Lively people (pp. 59)
Your experiences: The destructive earthquake of October 8, 2005 brought grieves and sorrows for all the people.
The earthquake damaged thousands of people and villages on one hand, it gave us a lot on the other. Even after one
year, various relief agencies and NGOs continued their work regularly and remained busy in helping people. Despite
passage of one year, the people could not forget the dear ones they lost. After one and half years some people still did
not construct their houses. Different NGOs prepared designs of earthquake proof houses which caused more trouble
for the people because those designs failed in our area. Many foreign and national NGOs kept on working after two
years of the earthquake. Now after more than three years, some organizations are still working. The people here aredetermined, their spirits are high. These people have resumed the life with new determination; the life continues
What can you do against future disasters?: If an earthquake occurs in future we shall help the people, take careof them and we shall consider their troubles as our own.
What do you want to tell your future children?: I want to give message to all the children of my country that wehave to meet such disasters with unity and to cooperate each other in such an hour of trial.

When earthquake occurred I was at school. And it was the first terrible incident of my life. (pp.
60)
Your experiences: After one year of the earthquake, I was in class 8th and our school was not yet reconstructed. It
was difficult to get education. After about one year of the earthquake different NGOs came and constructed ourschool and we started getting education regularly. Relief work continued after one year of the earthquake andPakistan Army kept on helping us day by day. Despite of passing one year of the earthquake, we are still living inshelters. After one year, we started reconstruction of houses. We entered the house after completion which was after
two years of the earthquake. We started living happily. Now we are living comfortably because God did not let us
demoralise. We have started our work. Now we are leading a peaceful life by grace of God.
What can you do against future disasters?: If a storm occurs in future I can face the storm.
What do you want to tell your future children?: We want to give message to the future children that if they are hit
by a disaster they should face the disaster bravely like us, they will be successful.

36

Reconstruction (pp. 61)
Your experiences: After one year of the earthquake, many NGOs supported us in reconstruction. They gave us
tranches of compensation to buy construction materials. The houses were constructed quickly. Many people did noteven lay the foundation of houses yet because they did not receive compensation. Public is suffering because ourroads have not yet been constructed. When it rains, the roads are blocked due to landslides in the earthquake affected
area. Many NGOs have started to construct school buildings quickly. Different organizations are surveying schools
and atmosphere is clean. But the earthquake has terrified us all. Still shocks are being felt.
What can you do against future disasters?: We should mange to riddle out of such troubles. We should face itand should never be afraid
What do you want to tell your future children?: I want to convey that many troubles come in life but we should
never lose courage.

Population (pp. 62)
Your experiences: Eighty percent of our population has been adversely affected; schools, colleges and universities
were completely destroyed. In the earthquake, many people grieved for their relatives, neighbors and others. Afterone year, the buildings started to be constructed and afterwards construction of many buildings was completed. Halfpart of the Kashmir was completely destroyed. Buildings have been constructed quickly. Half of the population wasdevastated and people had nothing to eat. Later on different organizations planned to construct the houses of thepeople and it could not be done in short time. Then, NGO started to provide the compensation to the people and thehouses were constructed after one year. The people and population started to grow; God may give us capacity toendure!.
What can you do against future disasters?: If such an incident occurs in future than we should help ourneighbors and others and face the disaster..
What do you want to tell your future children?: I want to tell my future generation that they prefer needs ofothers upon their own. I’ll try to save future generation from tough conditions.

Settlement (pp. 63)
Your experiences: The earthquake of 2005 has shaken the history of Kashmir. The great tragedy resulted loss of
lives of many people. The destruction caused by the earthquake pushed us many years back. One year has passed
after the earthquake. The earthquake has adversely affected residential facilities. Due to the senselessness of public
and wrong policies of the government, resettlement had not been proper. The construction materials were expensive
and insufficient. People living below poverty line had difficult to manage. Iron, cement and other materials had
become so expensive that there was no way to bring our life back to normalcy. Some people are living in temporary
shelters and some are constructing their shelters. The brave nation of Kashmir did not lose heart in this great disasterand carried on with their work. Due to courage and hard work of Kashmiri nation, new lives have resumed after theearthquake. May God succeed us in our work and help us to remain on the path of determination!. Aameen.
What can you do against future disasters?: I want to say that if such conditions occur in future than we
cooperate with the people and support them.
What do you want to tell your future children?: I want to tell our future generation that they should prefer needsof others upon their own and construct earthquake proof houses and learn more about the earthquakes.

37

Appendix: Student’sStudent’s Information
Information
Appendix:Student’s information is useful to understand essays or
drawings because students were writing essays and drawing
according to their experiences. In the essays of the textbook,their age, family member and some kinds of damages when theearthquake occurred are shown. From the information, manyof students lost their family members or relatives because of theearthquake and had severe damages to their houses. They
could not live in their house.
After implementation of essay and drawing competition,questionnaire survey was conducted.

According to thequestionnaire results, 81.8 % of student’s houses wereComplete destruction
Wall was collapsed
There are cracks of the wall
Upset of furniture
No damagecompletely destroyed. Most of students had severe damages
to their houses. There are no students who had not damaged

House damage

houses. Time in which more reconstructions were done is 6
month to 1 year.

But some students’ houses werereconstructed in the duration from 2 years to 3 years. Eachstudent has a different situation. When the competition was
held, three years had passed after the earthquake of 2005. Butaround 30 % of students can not still live in permanent house.
6.6 % of students are living in tents.
Within 1 month
Within 6 months
Within 1 year
Within 2 years
Within 3 years

Point!

Time of reconstruction

Disaster impact can be seen not only when thedisasters occur but also when 3 years passed.
Teachers should keep in mind that learningcurrent situation is also a part of disastereducation to know impacts of disasters and thateach student is different situation. Throughsharing experiences among students, students
know various aspects of disaster.

Temporary shelter
Tent
Permanent house
Type of current house38

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