Series of Lectures
on Disaster Waste Management

IntroductionTo
Disaster Waste
Management (DWM)
Shintaro Higashi
Member of JSMCWM
NTT DATA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT CONSULTING, Inc.

Aim and scope This lecture tries to introduce “ABC of Disaster
Waste Management (DWM)”.
 This lecture is prepared for those who juststarted having interests in DWM.
 After this lecture, you can proceed to more
specific lectures on DWM.
 Disaster itself is hard to prevent, but damage
by disasters can be prevented and attenuatedby appropriate DWM.
2Characters for the lecture
LecturerShintaro Higashi(Member of JSMCWM,NTT DATA INSTITUTE OFMANAGEMENT CONSULTING, Inc.)

Students from Kyoto University

Mahi

Syifa

TracyTatsu
3

CONTENTS
1. What is Disaster waste?
2. DWM (Disaster WasteManagement)
3. 5 views for DWM
4. To learn more

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1. What is DW?
 Types of Disaster Issue of Disaster Waste Global rise in Natural Disaster Disasters in Asia and the Pacific Specific Disaster waste by type5

Types of Disaster1. Natural disaster• Cyclone/ Typhoon• Flood/ Storm• Storm• Landslide• Earthquake• Tsunami• Volcanic eruption etc

MeteorologicaldisasterGeophysicaldisaster

2. Man-made disaster• Accidents(Fire, Car/Ship/Airplane crash, Oil spil, Chemical pollution etc)
• Explosion (Factory, Plant, Mine etc)
• Terrorism• War
6Issue of Disaster Waste
1. Large amount of waste at once If natural disasters happen, a large amount of waste will begenerated at once.

2. Obstacle for recovery and reconstruction
 Disaster waste leads to many issues in terms of preserving
living environments.

7Issue of Disaster Waste
1. Large amount of waste at once The amount of disaster waste could be equal to several years or tens ofyears of regular municipal waste amount.
 The disaster waste of Great East Japan Earthquake, the amount ofdisaster waste is equal to 70% of annual domestic waste in Japan.

8Issue of Disaster Waste
2. Obstacle for recovery and reconstruction
 The disaster waste leads to many issues in terms of preserving livingenvironments.
 And disaster waste might be obstacles for relief, recovery andreconstruction stage.

Source: MOEJ

9Global rise in Natural Disaster The number of disasters has been rapidly increasing in the past 50 years.
 Disasters induced by Climate Change (floods and storms) is increasing.

Source: Center for research on the Epidemiology of Disaster

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Global rise in Natural Disaster The number of disasters has been rapidly increasing in the past 50 years,
especially in Asia.
 Urbanization and population growth might increase the amount of waste
generated by disasters.

Source: Reported Natural Disasters 1950-2011 from CRED

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Disasters in Asia and the PacificSource: MOEJ

12Specific Disaster waste by type
1. Typhoon in the Philippines

Source: (Left) Anglesinasphere.wordpress.com, (Right) Kickerdailly.com

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Specific Disaster waste by type
2. Earthquake in Indonesia

14Specific Disaster waste by type
3. Tropical cyclone and flood in the PacificSource: THE PACIFIC REGIONAL DISASTER WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDELINE (J-PRISM II, SPREP)

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2. DWM
 Basic Flow of Treating DisasterWaste
 Management cycle and Plans
 Contingency Plan (CP)Disaster itself is hard to prevent, but damage by disasters can be16
prevented and attenuated by appropriate countermeasures.

Basic Flow of Treating Disaster Waste

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Management cycle and Plans

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Contingency Plan (CP) CP should contain following items at least.
 And based upon CP, Implementation plan (IP) will be prepared after theoutbreak of a disaster.
1. Officer/team/ organization for DWMInstitutional Framework
on DWM

2. Stakeholders
3. Community
4. Disaster type
5. DW Information

Treatement Flow
6. WM Inventory
7. Awareness & OutreachLaw, Regulation & Budget 8. Law, Regulation, Plan, and Budget
Capacity Development

9. Workshop, Training, Site Visit, Awareness, etc
193. 5 points for DWM[1]Estimating the amount of DW

[2]Coordinating relevant stakeholders

[3]Handling/managing hazardous waste

[4]Management and utilization of DW

[5]Preparing Temporary Storage Site (TSS)
before a disaster20

[1]Estimating the amount of Disaster Waste
1. Before disasters happen
 We should estimate the amount of DW before disasters happens.
 And we should consider the preparation for DW.

2. After disasters happen
 Based upon the estimation before disasters happen, we should estimate
the amount of DW in affected area.
 Then we should develop “Implementation Plan” according to the amountof DW.

21[1]Estimating the amount of Disaster Waste
3.Methodology
Estimated Amount of DW（t）=Σ(1)Number of Damaged Buildings ×(2)DW Generation Intensity)

You can learn specific methodology in another lecture.

22[2] Coordinating relevant stakeholders
 We should identify
the stakeholders ofDWM in each stage
before disasters
happen.

You can learn
the actual
coordination ofstakeholders inanother lecture.

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[3] Handling/managing hazardous waste
1. Priority of Disaster waste We should prioritize the treatment/management of DW
 In particular, the hazardous waste should be identified and segregated
immediately.

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[3] Handling/managing hazardous waste
2. “Asbestos” an example of hazardous waste Though asbestos has chemical stability, the use and production havebeen banned worldwide for health-hazard reasons.
 Asbestos-consisting waste and asbestos-containing waste should be
removed immediately from the place where people do activities.

You can learn Handling/managing hazardous waste
Source: Technical data 2-2 Individual information [Asbestos waste]
in another lecture.

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[4] Infrastructure forManagement and Utilization of DW
1. Facility/ infrastructure for DWM
 DW should be reused and recycled as much as possible, and managed
adequately at landfills.
 We should consider appropriate facility and infrastructure.

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[4] Infrastructure forManagement and Utilization of DW
2. TSS(Temporary storage site) and final disposal Ideally, we should secure the space for TSS before the outbreak ofDisasters.
 Regarding the infrastructure, we should bear in mind that DWM andgeneral waste management are inextricably linked.
Examplesof Final disposal

Examplesof TSS©MOEJ27

[5] Preparing Temporary Storage Site (TSS)
before a disaster
1. Why we should prepare TSS?
 Inability to quickly identify suitable open space for TSS lead toenvironmental, social, economic risks.
 And we should find sites for TSS before disasters happen.

Can’t identify available open space suitable for TSS quickly
TSS opened at unsuitable land

Need to quickly remove
wasterisk at TSS
Environmental

TSS opened lateUnprepared TSS opened

Uncontrolled waste disposal

Disaster waste mixed at TSS

Hinders rescue and recovery

Increased treatment cost

Environmental risk

Increased disposal time28

[5] Preparing Temporary Storage Site (TSS)
before a disaster2. Ideal space/land for TSS
 We should consider the condition of TSS and identify the space/land
before hand.
••••
••
•

Access is easy for disaster victims
The site is not too close to residential areas
The site is not adjacent to rivers, canals, swamps, ponds, lakes, and drainage
The site is not under high risk of flooding
The site is publicly owned and maintained.
Farmlands should be avoided.
The land is large enough29

[5] Preparing Temporary Storage Site (TSS)
before a disaster2. Ideal space/land for TSS

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[5] Preparing Temporary Storage Site (TSS)
before a disaster2. Ideal space/land for TSS

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[5] Preparing Temporary Storage Site (TSS)
before a disaster2. Ideal space/land for TSS

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[5] Preparing Temporary Storage Site (TSS)
before a disaster2. Ideal space/land for TSS

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4. To learn more
 MOEJ Guideline for DWM
 Technical Information
 Useful links

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MOEJ Guideline for DWM
 In order to assist countries in Asiaand the Pacific, the Ministry of theEnvironment Japan (MOEJ)
published a "Disaster Waste
Management Guideline for Asiaand the Pacific".
 The guideline compiles issues tobe considered for proper, smoothand speedy treatment of disasterwastes.

https://jsmcwm.or.jp/international/files/2021/0
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3/DWM-guideline_English_2018.pdf

Technical Information
 We learned 5 view points to DWM in previous section.
 And you can learn more about the 5 topics with technical information.
https://jsmcwm.or.jp/international/?page_id=2187

1. Estimating the amount of DW
2. Coordinating relevant stakeholders
3. Handling/managing hazardous waste
4. Management and utilization of DW
5. Preparing Temporary Storage Site (TSS)
before a disaster36

Lectures on DWM“Estimating the amount of DMW”
Mr. Yuzuru Kushiyama (member of JSMCWM)“Coordinating relevant stakeholders”
Dr.Shinya Suzuki (Fukuoka University)“Handling/managing hazardous waste”
Dr. Tomonori Ishigaki (National Institute for Environment Studies, NIES)“Management and utilization of DWM”
Dr. Atsushi Takai (Kyoto University)“Preparing Temporary Storage Site (TSS) before a disaster”
Dr. Ryo Tajima (National Institute for Environment Studies, NIES)

You can watch the archived video
https://jsmcwm.or.jp/international/?page_id=2187
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Useful links
 Disaster Waste Management Information Site
Ministry of Environment Japan (MOEJ)

http://kouikishori.env.go.jp/en/

 Disaster Waste Management (DWM) guidelines andcollaboration tools
Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management (JSMCWM)

https://jsmcwm.or.jp/international/?page_id=2187

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