ANNEX 2
IPCC A N D CORINAIR S O U R C E
CATEGORIESThis chapter briefly explains the origins of the IPCC and CORINAIR, thecorrespondences between the IPCC and CORINAIR/UNECE source categories,
and outlines how to report the results from the CORINAIR inventory system in an
IPCC format. At present, CORINAIR/UNECE is the only known inventory
programme used by many countries of which the scope and objectives
significantly overlap those of the IPCC. Many individual countries certainly haveother detailed national inventory approaches which have similar characteristics toCORINAIR. For these countries, this example of reconciling IPCC and CORINAIR
source categories may be helpful in addressing similar conversion problems. TheIPCC/OECD/IEA Programme will work with interested countries and otherorganisations as far as possible to help achieve correspondence with IPCC
categories in order to avoid duplication of effort at national and international
levels.

A2.1 Origins
The IPCC source and sink categories for the estimation and reporting ofnational inventories of greenhouse gas emissions is slightly different thancategories that have been developed by the Commission of EuropeanCommunities (CEC) for use in Europe. The reasons for these differenceslie, first, in the origin of the two inventory systems and, second, in theprimary uses for the inventory data. However, for the recent inventories(from 1994 and onwards) these systems are consistent and harmonised.
The European Union (EU) emission inventory programme (CORINAIR) wasset up by the European Council of Ministers in 1985 to assist in thedevelopment of consistent, comparable and transparent national inventories
for “conventional” air pollutants such as SOx, NOx, and VOC. The first
CORINAIR inventories were developed for 1985. The next CORINAIR
inventories, for the year 1990, were initiated by the European Environment
Agency Task Force. For these inventories, the pollutant list was extended toinclude NH3, CO, CO2 and N2O, as well as to separate CH4 fromNMVOC. Support was given to Central and Eastern European countries
resulting in emission inventories for 1990, covering 29 countries.
A further development of the CORINAIR system came in 1991, when theUnited Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) helped define
the main CORINAIR categories as a basis for reporting under the Long
Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP) Convention. The pollutants ofinterest not only include those covered in specific protocols (i.e. SOx, NOx,and VOC) but also pollutants that influence the critical loads of acidic
deposition, such as NH3. In 1992, the UNECE also established a Task Forceon Emission Inventories (TFEI) with a main objective to develop a
guidebook for emission inventories summarising the CORINAIR/UNECE
recommendations on estimation and verification methods.

Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories:

Reporting Instructions

A2.1

IP C C A N D C O RIN AIR S O U R C E C A T E G O R I E S

A2.2 CORINAIR Methodology and its
Applications
The joint EMEP/CORINAIR Atmospheric Emission Inventory Guidebook(EMEP/CORINAIR Guidebook) was first published in February, 1996. It isavailable as a CD-ROM and on the Internet. The UNECE/TFEI will continue
its work of improving and updating the EMEP/CORINAIR Guidebook in cooperation with the European Environment Agency (EEA). In 1995, theCORINAIR project was integrated into the work programme of the EEA,
and the European Topic Centre on Air Emissions (ETC/AE) was contracted
to continue the CORINAIR project. The main task of the ETC/AE is toassist the participation of the EU-15 countries, as well as other European
countries to report national inventories as required under international
obligations. The CORINAIR project is an annual European air emission
inventory, for which the list of pollutants has been extended to include
heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs), from the reporting
year 1994 onwards.
The CORINAIR methodology requires countries to collect emission
estimates using a detailed source nomenclature (SNAP) and a detailed
spatial level (NUTS level 3). From the resulting emission inventory, themethodology can be used to aggregate, allocate and report emission
estimates for different reporting purposes. For example:• IPCC format (UN FCCC);• UNECE/EMEP (LRTAP Convention);• EU Monitoring Mechanism of CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions.
Complete harmonisation between the IPCC and CORINAIR source
categories has been achieved for the reporting year 1994, and onwards.
The purpose of inventory development under UNECE is to support themonitoring of progress of the implementation of the LRTAP protocols. Oneof the principal users of the inventories are modellers who support theimplementation of the Protocols under the LRTAP. The main requirementof the modellers is to estimate the sources of SOx, NOx, NMVOC, andNH3 emissions on a 50 km x 50 km square grid basis across Europe. These
data are then the basis of the calculations estimating acidic deposition andphotochemical oxidants across Europe which tie back to the concepts of"critical loads" for acidificate and “critical levels” for photochemical oxidant.
The calculations show national progress or future acquirement to meetthese critical thresholds.

A2.3 Correspondences Between IPCC and
CORINAIR Source Categories
The UNECE requirement to establish a much more detailed understandingof the physical source and geographic distribution of emissions has led tosource categories based on the physical characteristics of the sources ofpollutants. The IPCC has proceeded on the basis that socio-economic
sources are the easiest and most appropriate groupings for describing

A2.2

Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories:

Reporting Instructions

IP C C A N D C O RIN AIR S O U R C E C A T E G O R I E Semissions, which in turn will facilitate the use of inventories for policy
analysis.
The CORINAIR/UNECE system uses type of physical plant or vehicle, as
the fundamental basis for emission estimation. This allows high accuracy indescription of individual point or mobile sources and in use of appropriate
emission factors for conventional pollutants. From the resulting detailed
emissions inventory, the methodology can be used to aggregate, allocate andreport emission estimates for different reporting purposes. For example,the CORINAIR methodology has been improved to include energy statistics
and to enable countries to report emissions in complete accordance with
the IPCC Guidelines.
An overview of correspondence between IPCC and CORINAIR source
categories at the highest aggregated IPCC level (Short Summary Report
Table, 7B) is presented in the following table.

Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories:

Reporting Instructions

A2.3

IP C C A N D C O RIN AIR S O U R C E C A T E G O R I E STABLE A2-1
CORRESPONDENCES BETWEEN IPCC AND CORINAIR MAIN SOURCE CATEGORIESIPCC
1CORINAIR
Energy1 A Fuel Combustion Activities

01

Combustion in Energy and Transformation Industry02

Non-industrial Combustion Plants

03

Combustion in Manufacturing Industry

07

Road Transport

08

Other Mobile Sources and Machinery

IB

Fugitive Emissions from Fuels

05

Extraction and Distribution of Fossil Fuels and Geothermal
Energy2

Industrial Processes

04

Production Processes

3

Solvent and Other Product Use

06

Solvent and Other Product Use

4Agriculture

1001 Cultures with Fertilisers (except animal manure)1002 Cultures without Fertilisers
1003 On-Field Burning of Stubble, Straw....
1004 Enteric Fermentation
1005 Manure Management
1006 Use of Pesticides

5Land-Use Change & Forestry

Managed Deciduous Forests
Managed Coniferous Forests
Changes in Forest and other Woody Biomass Stocks
Forest and Grassland Conversion
Abandonment of Managed Lands
CO2 Emissions and Removals from SoilOthers

6Waste09

Waste Treatment and Disposal

Memo Items
International Aviation Bunkers

080502 International Airport Traffic
080504 International Cruise Traffic

A2.4

International Marine Bunkers

080404 International Sea Traffic

CO2 Emissions from Biomass

Biomass fuels in categories 01, 02, 03, 07, 08

Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories:

Reporting Instructions

IP C C A N D C O RIN AIR S O U R C E C A T E G O R I E S

A2.4 Harmonisation Between IPCC andCORINAIR Source Categories
Progress has been made in the harmonisation of the IPCC andEMEP/CORINAIR methodologies to allow more direct comparison of thetwo approaches. These changes are mainly in the Energy Chapter of theRevised 1996 IPCC Guidelines:•Biomass fuels are allocated to the various source categories.

•Emissions from fuel used for electricity and heat production byautoproducers are included in the sector where they are generated
and not within the transformation industries.

•Treatment of evaporative emissions (NMVOCs) from road transport
in the Tier 2 method of IPCC is made consistent with CORINAIR.
Combustion and evaporative emissions are to be reported
separately. However, in the Tier I IPCC method, all emissions fromroad transport are included together under fuel combustion.

Development of a Tier 2 method for estimating emissions from aircraft.

A2.5 How to Transform a CORINAIR
Inventory into an IPCC Inventory
For the IPCC Short Summary Report Table (Table 7B), which is at the mostaggregated level of reporting, Table A2-1 provides correspondence for theCORINAIR definitions. For the Summary Report (Table 7A) and theSectoral Report Tables (Tables 1-6), more detailed alignment between theIPCC source/sink categories and the CORINAIR definitions is required. The
joint UNECE/CORINAIR Guidebook and appropriate computer
programme have been revised to facilitate conversion from a CORINAIR toan IPCC inventory at the level of detail required for the Sectoral ReportTables.
Further information can be obtained from:
Andre Jol
European Environment Agency
Phone: (45 33) 367 144 / Fax: (45 33) 367 191
e-mail: jol@eea.dk

A2.6 Looking Forward
Both the IPCC and the UNECE/CORINAIR programmes are committed toon-going harmonisation between the two methodologies which havebecome increasingly compatible over the years. In order to ensure that theCORINAIR methodology evolves in a completely consistently manner with
the IPCC Guidelines, there will continue to be regular contact between thetwo programmes. This will both facilitate an exchange of ideas and minimise
duplication of effort.

Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories:

Reporting Instructions

A2.5