⨾⾡⾲⌧◊✲ ㅮ⩏ࠕᗂඣ⾲㇟⏬ࠖࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࡢᥥ⏬Ⓨ㐩➉Ọள▮ 
Study on Expressions in Art based on the Course, "Infantile
Representational Drawings": Drawing Development during the Diagram
StageAya Takenaga Abstract
During the development of children’s drawing, children acquire an ability to draw avariety of lines and shapes, which form the basis of drawing, during the scribble period,
and their drawings transition to the diagram stage, as a result of their experience andmemory so accumulated.
On the basis of the analysis of the process of transition from the scribble stage anddrawings showing characteristics of diagrams, this paper considers how one shouldunderstand and support expressions through drawings of diagrams by children, who
express themselves in diverse individual ways as their mind and body develop and as theiractivities such as everyday playing and communication with others expand.

Keywords: infantile representational drawings, drawing development, diagrams,expressions in art, Rhoda Kellogg せ⣙ Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢᥥ⏬Ⓨ㐩ࡣࠊࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝᮇࠊᥥ⏬ࡢᇶ♏࡜࡞ࡿ⥺ࡸᙧࡢࣂ࢚࣮ࣜࢩࣙࣥࢆ⋓ᚓࡋࡑࡢᐇయ㦂࡜グ᠈ࡢ⵳✚࡟ᑟ࠿ࢀࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒ࡬࡜⛣⾜ࡍࡿࠋᮏㄽ࡛ࡣࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝᮇ࠿ࡽ⛣⾜ࡍࡿ㐣⛬࡜ࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࡢ≉ᚩࢆ♧ࡍᥥ⏬సရࡢศᯒ࠿ࡽࠊᚰ㌟ࡢⓎ㐩ࠊẖ᪥ࡢ࠶ࡑࡧࠊ௚⪅࡜ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡜࠸ࡗࡓάືࡢᗈࡀࡾ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊಶᛶ㇏࠿࡟⾲⌧ࢆᒎ㛤ࡉࡏࡿࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࡢᥥ⏬⾲⌧࡬ࡢ⌮ゎ࡜᥼ຓࡢ࠶ࡾ࠿ࡓࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸 ᗂඣ⾲㇟⏬࣭ᥥ⏬Ⓨ㐩࣭ࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒࣭ࣛ⨾⾡⾲⌧࣭࣮ࣟࢲ࣭ࢣࣟࢵࢢ㻌− 16 −䠍䠊䛿䛨䜑䛻㻌 㻌ẖ᪥ࡢ࠶ࡑࡧࡢ୰࡛⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉࢀࡿᥥ⏬ࡢᐇయ㦂ࡣࠊ⏕ᚋ 10 ࣧ᭶㡭ࡼࡾ㛤ጞࡉࢀࡿᏊ࡝ࡶࡢᥥ⏬ࠕࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝࠑscribblesࠒࠖ㸦Rhoda Kellogg 1998㸧࠿ࡽ⋓ᚓࡉࢀࡓ⾲⌧ᙧែࡢᫎീࡣ⬻࡟グ᠈ࡉࢀࠊᚲせ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ࡑࡢグ᠈ࢆࡓ࡝ࡾࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡢពᚿ࡛෌ࡧᥥ⏬⾲⌧ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋయࢆື࠿ࡋࡓᢿᏊ࡟⮬㌟ࡢ㐠ື㌶㊧ࡀṧࡿࡇ࡜࡟ឤື࡜ዲወᚰࢆᢪࡁ࡞ࡀࡽពḧⓗ࡟ᥥ⏬ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚⾲⌧ࢆ᥈⣴ࡍࡿࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝᮇࠊ⾲⌧ࡢᇶ♏࡜࡞ࡿᙧࡢࣂ࢚࣮ࣜࢩࣙࣥࢆ
ᐇయ㦂࠿ࡽ⋓ᚓࡋࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡢࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢ࡛ḟࡢⓎ㐩ẁ㝵ࠕࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛ
ࠑdiagrams㸭༢యᅗࠒࠖ࡬⛣⾜ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࠋᥥ⏬ࡢⓎ㐩ࡣࠊࠕࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝࠑscribblesࠒࠖ࠿ࡽࠕࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑdiagrams㸭༢యᅗࠒࠖ
࡬࡜⛣⾜ࡋࠊࡑࢀ࡟⥆ࡃࠕࢥࣥࣂ࢖ࣥࠑcombines㸭⤖ྜᅗࠒࠖࠊࠕ࢔ࢢࣜࢤ࢖ࢺࠑaggregates㸭㞟ྜᅗࠒࠖⓎ㐩ࡢ᭱⤊ẁ㝵ࠕࣆࢡࢳ࣮ࣕࢫࢸ࣮ࢪࠑpicture࣭stage㸭⤮⏬ᮇࠒࠖࡲ࡛ࠊ඲
࡚ࡢⓎ㐩㐣⛬ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ 0 ṓ࠿ࡽ 6 ṓࡢᗂඣᮇ࡟ᥥ⏬⾲⌧ࡢᇶ♏ࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿࠋ ᗂඣᮇࡢᥥ⏬ࡣࠊ஬ឤࢆ㏻ࡋࡓ࠶ࡑࡧࡸ⏕ά࡛ࡢ⭎ࡢືసࠊ㐠ື࡜࠸ࡗࡓഅⓎⓗ࡞࢔ࢡࢩࢹࣥࢺ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ⏬㠃࡬ࡢ㌶㊧ࢆṧࡋࠊࡑࡢグ᠈࠿ࡽ᪂ࡋ࠸Ⓨぢࡸ⾲⌧࡬ᑟ࠿ࢀࡿࠋ⏕ᚋ
10 ࠿᭶㡭࠿ࡽ㛤ጞࡉࢀࡿࠕࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝࠖࢆ⤒࡚ࠕࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࠖ࡬⛣⾜ࡍࡿ 2 ṓ㹼3 ṓ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࠊᚰ㌟ࡢᡂ㛗࡜ඹ࡟㐠ື⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩࠿ࡽࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢵࢡ࡞ᥥ⥺ࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࠊᥥ⏬
ࡢព࿡࡙ࡅࡸࠊグྕ໬ࡉࢀࡓල㇟ⓗ࡞ᙧែࠕ⾲㇟⏬ࠖࡀᥥ⏬ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋࠕ⾲㇟⏬ࠖࡢᥥ⏬࡟ࡼࡿ௚⪅࡜ඹ㏻ㄆ㆑ࠊᛮ࠸ฟࡸ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡢඹ᭷ࠊඹឤࡣࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆάⓎ࡟ࡋࠊࡇ࡝ࡶ࡟ᥥ⏬ࡢ͆ࡸࡾࡀ࠸͇࡜͆ࡼࢁࡇࡧ͇ࢆᐇឤࡉࡏࡿࠋࡑࡢయ㦂࠿ࡽ᭦࡟᪂ࡓ࡞ᐇ㦂ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍ᥈⣴ពḧࢆ㧗ࡵࠊᥥ⏬⾲⌧ࢆⓎ㐩ࡉࡏࡿࠋ ᩪ⸨㸦2014㸧ࡣ࠾ࡼࡑ 600 ୓ᖺ๓࡟ඹ㏻ࡢඛ♽࠿ࡽูࢀࠊࢤࣀ࣒ DNA ࡢᕪ␗ࡀࢃࡎ
࠿ 1.2㸣࡜࠸࠺ே㛫࡟᭱ࡶ㏆⦕࡞✀࡛࠶ࡿࢳࣥࣃࣥࢪ࣮ࡣࠕࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࠖࢆᥥ
⏬ࡍࡿ 2㹼3 ṓࡢே㛫ࡢᏊ࡝ࡶ࡟ຎࡽ࡞࠸ᥥ⥺ࢆࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡍࡿ㐠ືㄪ⠇⬟ຊࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᥥ⏬⤒㦂ࡀ㇏ᐩ࡞኱ேࡢࢳࣥࣃࣥࢪ࣮࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊᥥ⏬⾲⌧ࡣ࡞ࡄࡾᥥࡁࠕࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝࠖࡢ⠊␪࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠝᅗ㸯.bࠞே㛫ࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᐈほⓗ࡟ぢ࡚ఱࡀᥥ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ศ࠿ࡿࠕ⾲㇟⏬ࠖࡸ࠶࠸ࡲ࠸࡞ᙧ࡟ලయⓗ࡞≀ࡢᙧࢆ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡋ࡚ᥥࡃぢ❧࡚࠶ࡑࡧࡢࡼ࠺࡞๰㐀άື࡬ࡢⓎᒎࡣ࡝ࡢࢳࣥࣃࣥࢪ࣮࡟ࡶ⾲ࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝࠖ࠿ࡽࠕࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࠖ࡬ࡢⓎ㐩ࡣࠊே㛫ࡀᆅ⌫ୖࡢ⏕࿨యࡢ୰࡛ᥥ⏬⾲⌧ࢆ⊂⮬࡟Ⓨ㐩ࡉࡏࠊఏ㐩ᡭẁ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᥥ⏬⾲⌧ࠕ⾲㇟⏬ࠖ࠿ࡽࠊゝⴥࡸᩥᏐࠊே㛫㛵ಀࠊ♫఍ᛶࡢ⋓ᚓ࡜ࠊࡑࢀ࡟⥆ࡁᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡿ㇏࠿࡞๰㐀ᛶ࡜⾲⌧άືࡢⓎ㐩࡟ྥࡅࡓ➨୍Ṍ࡜࡞ࡿࠋᮏㄽ࡛ࡣ࣮ࣟࢲ࣭ࢣࣟࢵࢢ㸦Rhoda Kellogg 1998㸧ࠗᗂඣ⤮⏬ࡢⓎ㐩࠘࡜ࢪ࢙࣮࣒࣭ࣟࢩ
࣮ࣔ࢔࣭ࣈ࣮ࣝࢼ࣮ (Jerome S. Bruner 1976)ࠗㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢᡂ㛗࡜㸱ࡘࡢ⾲㇟࠘࡟ᇶࡁࠊࠕࢫ
ࢡࣜࣈࣝࠖ࠿ࡽࠕࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࠖ࡬ࡢ⛣⾜࡜ࠕࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࠖࡢᥥ⏬
సရࡢศᯒ࠿ࡽࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡢᥥ⏬Ⓨ㐩࡬ࡢ⌮ゎ࡜᥼ຓ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ− 17 −ᅗ㸯㸬ே㛫ࡢᏊ࡝ࡶ࡜ࢳࣥࣃࣥࢪ࣮ࡢࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝᥥ⏬

సရ a. ே㛫ࡢᏊ࡝ࡶ⏨ඣ K㸦1 ṓ 6 ࠿᭶㸧 సရ b. ࢳࣥࣃࣥࢪ࣮ࠕ࢔࢖ࠖ࡟ࡼࡿᥥ⏬స࡟ࡼࡿᥥ⏬సရရ

సရ b. ฟ඾㸸ࠗி㒔኱Ꮫ㟋㛗㢮◊✲ᡤࢳࣥࣃࣥࢪ࣮࣭࢔࢖࠘ ᥥ⏬⤂௓https://langint.pri.kyoto-.ac.jp/ai/ja/album/drawings_by_apes.html#(grid|filter)=.chloe;䠎䠊ᥥ⏬䛾⪃ᐹ᪉ἲ㸦㸯㸧ᥥ⏬ࡢศ㢮᪉ἲ ࣮ࣟࢲ࣭ࢣࣟࢵࢢࠗᗂඣ⤮⏬ࡢⓎ㐩࠘㸦Rhoda Kellogg 1998㸧Ϩ㸬ࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝࠑscribblesࠒ๓ᮇ࣭ᚋᮇ
ϩ㸬ࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑdiagrams㸭༢యᅗࠒ
Ϫ㸬ࢥࣥࣂ࢖ࣥࠑcombines㸭⤖ྜᅗࠒϫ㸬࢔ࢢࣜࢤ࢖ࢺࠑaggregates㸭㞟ྜᅗࠒϬ㸬ࣆࢡࢳ࣮ࣕࢫࢸ࣮ࢪࠑpicture࣭stage㸭⤮⏬ᮇࠒ௨ୖϨ㹼ϬࡢⓎ㐩㐣⛬࠿ࡽϩ㸬ࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑdiagrams㸭༢యᅗࠒࢆศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
㸦㸰㸧⾲㇟ࡢศ㢮᪉ἲ ࢪ࢙࣮࣒࣭ࣟࢩ࣮ࣔ࢔࣭ࣈ࣮ࣝࢼ࣮ࠗㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢᡂ㛗࡜㸱ࡘࡢ⾲㇟࠘ 㸦Jerome S. Bruner 1976㸧Ϩ㸬ືసⓗ⾲㇟ࠑenactive representationࠒ⮬ᕫ୰ᚰࠊእ࡜ෆࡢ༊ูࡀ☜࠿࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋືస࡟ࡼࡿ┤᥋ⓗ࡞㸦ឤぬ㐠ືⓗ㸧ᢕᥱϩ㸬ᫎീⓗ⾲㇟ࠑiconic representationࠒ⾲㠃ⓗ࡞ᙧࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪ㸦ᫎീ㸧࡟ࡼࡿᑐ㇟ࡢᢕᥱϪ㸬㇟ᚩⓗ⾲㇟ࠑsymbolic representationࠒᩥᏐ࣭グྕ࣭ゝㄒ࡟ࡼࡿᑐ㇟ࡢᢕᥱୖグ㸱ẁ㝵ࡢ⾲㇟Ⓨ㐩ࢆ㐙ࡆࡓᡂே࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ඲࡚ࡢ⾲㇟ࢆᣢࡕྜࢃࡏ࡚⏕άࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸦㸱㸧ᑐ㇟సရࡢᥥ⏬ᖺ㱋㸦㐌㱋㸧ㄌ⏕࠿ࡽ㸯ṓ 2 ࠿᭶ࠝ387 ᪥㸭61 㐌┠࡛ࠞ㛤ጞࡉࢀࡓ⏨ඣ K ࡢ⦪᩿ⓗᥥ⏬సရ⩌࠿ࡽࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝᚋᮇ㹼ࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒ࡬ࡢ⛣⾜ᮇࢆྵࡵࠊࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࡢ≉ᚩࢆ♧ࡍ 1 ṓ 8 ࠿᭶ࠝ607 ᪥㸭92 㐌┠ࠞ㹼3 ṓࠝ1098 ᪥㸭163 㐌┠ࠞࡲ࡛ࠋ− 18 −

㸦㸲㸧ᑐ㇟సရࡢᥥ⏬⎔ቃ㸦ಖ⫱⪅ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ㸧࣭ほᐹ⪅㸪グ㘓⪅ ಖㆤ⪅㸦ẕぶ㸧ࡀ❧ࡕྜ࠸ࠊᥥ⏬ࡋࡓ᪥௜㸪ᥥ⏬ࡢᵝᏊ㸪⏨ඣ K ࡜ほᐹ⪅ࡢ఍ヰ㸪ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥෆᐜࢆグ㘓ࠊసရࡣᥥ⏬᪥௜㡰࡟ಖᏑࠋ࣭ほᐹ⪅ࡢᥥ⏬άື࡬ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾᏊ࡝ࡶࡢᥥ⏬୰ࠊほᐹ⪅㸦ಖㆤ⪅ࢆྵࡵࡓ኱ே㸧ࡣᣦᑟⓗ௓ධࢆࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ
ᥥ⏬ࡍࡿᏊ࡝ࡶ࠿ࡽࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠊኌ᥃ࡅ࡟ࡣᛂࡌࠊᏊ࡝ࡶ࠿ࡽᥥ⏬࡬ࡢཧຍḧồࡀ࠶ࡗࡓሙྜࡸ≧ἣ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ほᐹ⪅ࡶᥥ⏬࡟ཧຍࡍࡿࠋ࣭ᥥ⏬⎔ቃᥥ⏬⎔ቃ㸦⏝⣬࣭⏬ᮦ㸧ࡣ⏕άࡍࡿሙ࡟ᖖ᫬ᩚ࠼ࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡀᥥ⏬ࢆḧồࡋࡓሙྜࠊ࠸ࡘ࡛ࡶᥥ⏬࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺‽ഛࡋࠊᥥ⏬㛤ጞࡢࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢࡣᏊ࡝ࡶ࡟ጤࡡ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ศᯒᑐ㇟సရࡣ඲࡚⏨ඣ K ࡢ⮬Ꮿ࡛ᥥ⏬ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᗂ⛶ᅬ࡛ᥥ⏬ࡉࢀࡓసရ
ࡣྵࡲࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
㸦㸳㸧⪃ᐹᑐ㇟ࡢᥥ⏬సရ⪃ᐹᑐ㇟సရࡣࠊ⏨ඣ K ࡢࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝᚋᮇࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒ࡬ࡢ⛣⾜㛤ጞ㸦1 ṓ
8 ࠿᭶㸧㹼ࢥࣥࣂ࢖ࣥࠑ⤖ྜᅗࠒ⛣⾜๓㸦3 ṓ㸧ࡲ࡛ࡢసရ 72 ⅬࡼࡾࠊⓎ㐩ẁ㝵ࡢ≉ᚩࢆ♧ࡍసရ 36 Ⅼࢆᢳฟࠊ㸱ẁ㝵ࡢⓎ㐩ẁ㝵ࠝ⾲㸯㸬Ϩ㹼Ϫ࡛ࠞศ㢮ࠋ⾲㸯㸬ᢳฟసရ 36 Ⅼࡢศ㢮ศ㢮Ⓨ㐩ẁ㝵సရⅬᩘࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝᚋᮇ㹼അⓎⓗࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ⾲ฟసရ

3Ⅼࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒ࡬ࡢ⛣⾜సရ9Ⅼϩ

ࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࡢ⾲ฟసရ

15 ⅬϪࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒ࠿ࡽࢥࣥࣂ࢖ࣥࠑ⤖ྜᅗࠒ࡬⛣⾜సရ9ⅬϨ

ᢳฟసရ ྜィ36 Ⅼ㸦㸴㸧⾲ 2㸬⏨ඣ K ࡢࠕࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒᥥ⏬సရⓎ㐩⾲ࠖ⾲グෆᐜసရ␒ྕ㸦1㹼72㸧㸪ᢳฟసရ␒ྕ D㸫1㹼4㸪ᥥ⏬ᖺ㱋࣭Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢゝⴥࡢグ㘓᭷↓㸪⤮⏬ࡢⓎ㐩ẁ㝵㸪⾲㇟ࡢⓎ㐩ẁ㝵ࢆ⾲グࠋ

− 19 −

⾲㸰㸬⏨ඣ Kࠕࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࠖᥥ⏬సရⓎ㐩⾲ ࠙඲ 72 Ⅼࠚࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝᚋᮇࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒ࡬ࡢ⛣⾜㛤ጞ࠿ࡽࢥࣥࣂ࢖ࣥࠑ⤖ྜᅗࠒ⛣⾜ࡲ࡛Ꮚ䛹䜒㻌1 ṓ 8 ࠿᭶1 ṓ 8 ࠿᭶2 ṓ 0 ࠿᭶2 ṓ 0 ࠿᭶2 ṓ 3 ࠿᭶2 ṓ 4 ࠿᭶2 ṓ 4 ࠿᭶2 ṓ 8 ࠿᭶2 ṓ 9 ࠿᭶2 ṓ 9 ࠿᭶2 ṓ 9 ࠿᭶2 ṓ 9 ࠿᭶2 ṓ 9 ࠿᭶2 ṓ 9 ࠿᭶2 ṓ 9 ࠿᭶2 ṓ 9 ࠿᭶2 ṓ 9 ࠿᭶2 ṓ 9 ࠿᭶2 ṓ 9 ࠿᭶2 ṓ 9 ࠿᭶
2 ṓ 9 ࠿᭶2 ṓ 9 ࠿᭶2 ṓ 9 ࠿᭶2 ṓ 9 ࠿᭶2 ṓ 9 ࠿᭶2 ṓ 10 ࠿᭶
2 ṓ 10 ࠿᭶
2 ṓ 10 ࠿᭶

2 ṓ 10 ࠿᭶
2 ṓ 10 ࠿᭶
2 ṓ 10 ࠿᭶ືసⓗ⾲㇟ࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛ䣏༢యᅗ䣐࡬ࡢ
⛣
⾜ື
సⓗ⾲
㇟ᮇ࠿ࡽᫎ
ീⓗ⾲
㇟ᮇࡢ
⋓
ᚓ࡬ື
సⓗ⾲㇟ᮇ࠿ࡽᫎ
ീⓗ⾲
㇟ᮇࢲ
࢖
࢔ࢢ
ࣛ
࣒䣏༢
యᅗ䥺ࡢ
⾲
ฟ

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− 20 −

Dʷ3 (7)Dʷ3 (8)Dʷ3 (9)Dʷ3 (10)2 ṓ 10 ࠿᭶

Dʷ3 (11)Dʷ3 (12)Dʷ3 (13)Dʷ3 (14)Dʷ3 (15))2 ṓ 10 ࠿᭶

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(1)
(2)
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Dʷ4 (1)Dʷ4 (2)Dʷ4 (3)Dʷ4 (4)Dʷ4 (5)Dʷ4 (6)Dʷ4 (7)(8)(9)
Dʷ4 (10)( ) ( (11))
Dʷ4

2 ṓ 11 ࠿᭶

2 ṓ 10 ࠿᭶
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2 ṓ 10 ࠿᭶
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2 ṓ 11 ࠿᭶
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2 ṓ 12 ࠿᭶
2 ṓ 12 ࠿᭶
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3ṓ
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䖃㻌䖃㻌䖃㻌䖃㻌䖃㻌䖃㻌䖃㻌䖃㻌䇷㻌䇷㻌䖃㻌䖃㻌䖃㻌䖃㻌䖃㻌䇷㻌䇷㻌䇷㻌䇷㻌䇷㻌䇷㻌䇷㻌䇷㻌䇷㻌䇷㻌䖃㻌䖃㻌䖃㻌䖃㻌䖃㻌 䖃㻌䇷㻌䇷㻌䖃㻌䇷㻌ࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛ䣏༢యᅗ䣐ࡢ⾲ฟືసⓗ⾲㇟ᮇ࠿ࡽᫎീⓗ⾲㇟ᮇࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛ䣏༢యᅗ䣐࠿ࡽࢥࣥࣂ࢖ࣥ䥹⤖ྜᅗ䥺⛣⾜ᫎീⓗ⾲㇟ᮇࡢ⋓ᚓ2 ṓ 10 ࠿᭶ࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝᚋᮇ

ᥥ ⾲
⏬ ㇟



2 ṓ 10 ࠿᭶᭷䖃㻌Ⓨ㐩ẁ㝵

2 ṓ 9 ࠿᭶ᥥ⏬ᖺ㱋ゝⴥ䛾グ㘓㻌

2 ṓ 9 ࠿᭶䇷㻌㻌㻌䇷㻌䇷㻌
䇷㻌䇷㻌䇷㻌䖃㻌
䖃㻌䖃㻌䇷㻌䇷㻌
䖃㻌䇷㻌䇷㻌䇷㻌䇷㻌䖃㻌䖃㻌䇷㻌䇷㻌䇷㻌䖃㻌䖃㻌䇷㻌䇷㻌䖃㻌䖃㻌䖃㻌䇷㻌䖃㻌䖃㻌䖃㻌䖃㻌䖃㻌䖃㻌ᢳฟసရ␒ྕ㻌

1 ṓ 8 ࠿᭶Ꮚ䛹䜒㻌⏬ ㇟D䠉1 (1)
Dʷ1 (2)D㸫1 (3)D㸫2 (1)D㸫2 (2)D㸫2 (3)D㸫2 (4)D㸫2 (5)D㸫2 (6)D㸫2 (7)D㸫2 (8)D㸫2 (9)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(3)


(1)
(2)Dʷ3 (1)Dʷ3 (2)Dʷ3 (3)Dʷ3 (4)Dʷ3 (5)Dʷ3 (6)

᭷䖃㻌



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ᥥ⏬ᖺ㱋㻌Ⓨ㐩ẁ㝵 సရ␒ᥥ ⾲ ྕ

ᢳฟసရ␒ྕ㻌ゝⴥ䛾グ㘓㻌సရ␒ྕ㻌䠏䠊䝎䜲䜰䜾䝷䝮䚾༢యᅗ䚿䛻䛚䛡䜛ᥥ⏬䛾≉ᚩ 㸦1㸧അⓎⓗࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛ
ᗂඣࡣ㸪⮬ศࡢᥥ࠸ࡓࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝࡢ୚࠼ࡿどぬⓗ่⃭࡟཯ᛂࡍࡿࠋᇶᮏⓗࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝࢆᥥࡃ㛫࡟どぬⓗ⤫ไࢆ㌟࡟ࡘࡅࡿࡢ࡛㸪ᗂඣࡣࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㓄⨨ᵝᘧࢆ᏶ᡂࡋ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪ࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚അⓎⓗࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࢆసࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
㸦Rhoda Kellogg 1998 ῝⏣ヂ㸪p.49㸧
ࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝᚋᮇࠊ⮬⏤࡞᪉ྥ࠿ࡽᥥ⏬ࡉࢀࡓࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝࡢ୰࡟ࠊ୍ᐃࡢ㡿ᇦࢆᣢࡗࡓࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝࡀ⾲ฟࡍࡿࠋ࣮ࣟࢲ࣭ࢣࣟࢵࢢࡣࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡀ᫂☜࡞෇ࠊ୕ゅࠊᅄゅ㸦▴ᙧ㸧ࡢᥥ⏬
⾲⌧ࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿ๓ẁ㝵࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᥥ⏬ࡉࢀࡓࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝࡀ୸ࠊ୕ゅࠊᅄゅ㸦▴ᙧ㸧࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ୙ᐃᙧࡢᙧែ࡟ໟᣓࡉࢀࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝ࡟ࡼࡿᥥ⏬ࢆࠕഅⓎⓗࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠖࠝᅗ㸰ࠞ࡜ᐃ⩏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝᮇ࡟⋓ᚓࡋࡓᇶᮏⓗࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝ㸦Rhoda Kellogg 1998㸧ࡢ⋓ᚓࡣࠊᥥ⏬ࡋࡓᥥ⥺ࠊ⏬㠃ୖࡢ఩⨨ࠊవⓑࠊ⏬㠃඲యࡢグ᠈࡬࡜ᗈࡀࡾࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝ඲యࡀ♧၀ࡍࡿᙧែ࡬ࡢㄆ▱࡬࡜ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠋࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ༢⥺࡛෇ࠊ୕ゅࠊᅄゅ㸦▴ᙧ㸧ࡀ⾲ฟࡍࡿࡲ࡛࡟ࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡣ⾲⌧࡬ࡢ᥈⣴࡜ᐇ㦂ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒ
࡬ࡢ⛣⾜ࢆ☜࠿࡞ࡶࡢ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ⏨ඣ K ࡢᥥ⏬సရ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊഅⓎⓗࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࡣ୙ᐃᙧ࠿ࡽ෇ࠊᅄゅ㸦▴ᙧ㸧ࠊ୕ゅࡢ㡰࡛⾲ฟࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋࠝᅗ㸰㸬సရ D㸫1(1)㹼(3)ࠞ᭱ࡶ᪩ࡃㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ෇ࡣࠊ⏨ඣ K ࡢࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝᮇ࠿ࡽ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋᥥ⏬㐠ືࢆ㔜ࡡࠊᙧែࡢグ᠈ࡀ☜ᐇ࡟⵳✚ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ᭱ึ࡟⋓ᚓࡋࡓᙧែ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ෇ࡢ⋓ᚓࡣࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࡢᥥ⏬⾲⌧ࢆࡼࡾ㇏࠿࡟ᒎ㛤ࡉࡏࠊ⾲㇟⏬ࡢᥥ⏬࡬࡜⧅ࡀࡿࠋ
ᅗ㸰㸬ࠕഅⓎⓗࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠖసရ  㸫ࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒ࡬ࡢ⛣⾜㸫♧၀ࡉࢀࡓ୙ᐃᙧ࡜ࡑࡢ㍯㒌⥺㸦3 ṓ 2 ࠿᭶㸧 ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓᅄゅᙧ࡜ࡑࡢ㍯㒌⥺㸦2 ṓ 3ࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝࡢᙧࡢእࡢ㍯㒌࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛ࠿᭶㸧ࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝࡢᙧࡢእࡢ㍯㒌࡟ࡼࡗࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋ

࡚ࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋ

ࠕഅⓎⓗࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠖ ୙ᐃᙧ࣭ᅄゅᙧ   ฟ඾㸦Rhoda Kellogg 1998 p.39,43㸧

− 21 −

⏨ඣ K ࡢࠕഅⓎⓗࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠖసရ 㸦෇ᙧ࣭ᅄゅᙧ࣭୕ゅᙧ㸧D㸫1 (1) ⏨ඣ K㸦1 ṓ 8 ࠿᭶㸧 ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓ෇ᙧ࡜ࡑࡢ㍯㒌

D㸫1 (2) ⏨ඣ K㸦2 ṓ 3 ࠿᭶㸧♧၀ࡉࢀࡓᅄゅ㸦▴ᙧ㸧࡜ࡑࡢ㍯㒌

D㸫1 (3) ⏨ඣ K㸦2 ṓ 4 ࠿᭶㸧♧၀ࡉࢀࡓ୕ゅ࡜ࡑࡢ㍯㒌
㸦2㸧ࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࡢ⾲ฟ
ᗂඣࡣ 2 ṓࡲ࡛࡟⮬ศࡢᥥࡃࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝࢆ࠶ࡿ᫂☜࡞㓄⨨ᵝᘧࡢ୰࡟⣡ࡵࡿ  ࡶࡢࡔࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᙧࡣ⣬㠃࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆಖࡗ࡚㓄⨨ࡉࢀࡿࠋ3 ṓࡲ࡛࡟ࡣ㸪༢⥺㹙 ᚟㐠ື࡟ࡼࡿ」⥺࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㹛࡛༑Ꮠᙧࢆసࡗࡓࡾ㸪෇㸪୕ゅ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᙧ㸫ࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᥥࡃࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛ࡟ඛ❧ࡗ࡚അⓎⓗࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛᆺࡀᥥ࠿ࢀࡿࡢࡔࠋ㸦Rhoda Kellogg 1998 ῝⏣ヂ㸪p.37㸧
ࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒ࡬ࡢ⛣⾜࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ෇ࠊ୕ゅࠊᅄゅ㸦▴ᙧ㸧࡜࠸ࡗࡓᙧែࡢ⋓ᚓ࠿ࡽࠊᥥ⏬ࡢព࿡࡙ࡅࠊ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡢඹ᭷ࠊඹឤ࡬࡜ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠕ⾲㇟⏬ࠖࡢᥥ⏬ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚௚⪅࡜ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆάⓎ࡟ࡍࡿࠋࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒᮇࡣࠊືసⓗ⾲㇟ᮇࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⏕άࠊ࠶ࡑࡧࠊ⾲⌧ࡢయ㦂ࢆ㔜ࡡࠊ⮬ศࡀࡦ࡜ࡾࡢே㛫࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ㐣⛬࡜ࡋ࡚඲࡚ࡢ㡿ᇦ࡜㛵ࢃࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ⾲⌧άືࢆࡼࡾ㇏࠿࡟ᒎ㛤ࡉࡏࠊᫎീⓗ⾲㇟ᮇ࡬ࡢṌࡳࢆ☜ᐇ࡟㐍ࡵࡿࠋ− 22 −䠐䠊䝎䜲䜰䜾䝷䝮㻌 䚾༢యᅗ䚿㻌 ᥥ⏬䛾⪃ᐹ㻌 㻌ᥥ⏬సရ⾲Ϩ㹼Ϫࡢ⾲グෆᐜձ  ⾲㸰㸬ࡢసရ␒ྕղ ᥥ⏬᫬ࡢᖺ㱋࡜㐌㱋  ճ ᥥ⏬᫬ࡢ⾲㇟ᮇմ ᥥ⏬୰ࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡢゝືࠊㄒࡾ᥃ࡅࡢグ㘓㸦ಖ⫱⪅࡟ࡼࡿグ㘓㸧յ సရࢧ࢖ࢬ㸦⦪ᶓ mm㸧Ϩ㸬ࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝᚋᮇ㹼ࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒ࡬ࡢ⛣⾜㛤ጞ࡜⛣⾜ᮇసရసရ D㸫1 (1)సရ D㸫1 (2)సရ D㸫1 (3)ձ ⾲㸰㸬సရ␒ྕ 1ձ ⾲㸰㸬సရ␒ྕ 6ձ ⾲㸰㸬సရ␒ྕ 8ղ 1 ṓ 8 ࠿᭶㸦92 㐌┠㸧  ղ 2 ṓ 3 ࠿᭶㸦123 㐌┠㸧 ղ 2 ṓ 4 ࠿᭶㸦146 㐌┠㸧ճ ືసⓗ⾲㇟ᮇճ ືసⓗ⾲㇟ᮇճ ືసⓗ⾲㇟ᮇմ ࡞ࡋմ ࡞ࡋմࠕ࠾ࡩࡡࡢࡏࢇࢁࠖ

յ F6㸦318410mm㸧յ ᅄࡘษ㸦392542mm㸧

յ ᅄࡘษ㸦392542mm㸧

సရ D㸫1 (1)㹼(3)ࡣࠊࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝᮇ࡟࠶ࡗࡓ⏨ඣ K ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒ
࡬ࡢ⛣⾜ࡀ⾲ࢀࡿึᮇẁ㝵ࡢᥥ⏬࡛࠶ࡾࠊᅗ㸰㸬࡟♧ࡉࢀࡓഅⓎⓗࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ⾲ฟࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿసရ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⾲㇟ࡢⓎ㐩ẁ㝵࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣືసⓗ⾲㇟ᮇ࡟࠶ࡾࠊᥥ⏬㐠ື࡜㐠ື࠿ࡽ⏕ࡌࡿᥥ⥺ࠊᙧែࡢグ᠈ࡢ✚ࡳ㔜ࡡ࠿ࡽᫎീⓗ⾲㇟ᮇࡢ⋓ᚓ࡬࡜㐍ࡴࠋసရ D㸫㸯(1)ࡣ⏨ඣ K ࡢᥥ⏬⩌ࡢ୰࡛അⓎⓗࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦෇ᙧ㸧ࡀ᭱ึ࡟ᥥ⏬ࡉࢀࡓసရ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
సရ D㸫1 (2)ࡣࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝࡢእ㍯ᙧ≧࠿ࡽᅄゅᙧࠊࡼࡾࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢵࢡ࡟ᥥ⏬ࡉࢀࡓసရD㸫1 (3)ࡣ୕ゅᙧࡢഅⓎⓗࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝᚋᮇࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᥥ
⏬ࡋࡓࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝᙧែ࡜⏬㠃඲యࡢᵓᅗࠕ㓄⨨ᵝᘧࠖ㸦Rhoda Kellogg 1998㸧࡬ࡢㄆ▱࡜グ᠈ࠊ⮬㌟ࡢᡭࡢືࡁࡶྵࡵ⏬㠃඲యࢆど㔝࡟ධࢀ࡚ᥥ⏬ࡉࢀࠊࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢య
ᅗࠒ࡬ࡢ⛣⾜ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿᥥ⏬సရ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
సရ D㸫2 (1)㹼(9)࠙඲ 9 Ⅼࠚձ ⾲㸰㸬సရ␒ྕ 10㹼18㸦9 Ⅼྠ᪥㐃⥆ᥥ⏬㸧
ղ 2 ṓ 9 ࠿᭶㸦147 㐌┠㸧ճ ືసⓗ⾲㇟ᮇմ 9 Ⅼ୰ 3 ⅬࠝD㸫2 (1), (4), (9)ࠞෆᐜࡣྛసရୗ࡟⾲グյ 9 Ⅼ඲࡚ ᅄࡘษ㸦392542mm㸧

− 23 −

D㸫2 (1)D㸫2 (2)D㸫2 (3)D㸫2 (5)D㸫2 (6)D㸫2 (8)D㸫2 (9)ࠕⲔⰍࡣࡏࢇࢁЍ࠾ࢇࡏࢇࠊ
࠾ࢀࢇࡌࠊ࡛ࢇࡋࡷЍࡏࢇࢁࡃࡲࠖD㸫2 (4)ࠕࡣ࣮࠸ࠊ࠿࠸࡜ࡃࢇࠊ࠾࠾ࡁ࠸࡛ࡍࠖ

D㸫2 (7)

ࠕἽ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࠸࡜ࡃࢇࠖࠕࣛ
࢖࣭࢜ࣥࡋࡗࡱࠖࠕ࡞ࡲ࠼ࠖ

సရ D㸫2 (1)㹼(9) 9 Ⅼࡣࠊ඲࡚ྠࡌ᪥࡟㐃⥆ࡋ࡚ᥥ⏬ࡉࢀࡓࠋ⾲㇟ࡢⓎ㐩࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣື
సⓗ⾲㇟ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᫎീⓗ⾲㇟ᮇࡢ඙ೃࡶ⾲ࢀࡿࠋD㸫2 (1)࡛ಖ⫱⪅㸦ẕ㸧࡬୍ㄒᩥ࡟ࡼࡿㄒࡾ᥃ࡅࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࠊࢸ࣮࣐ࡣࠕࡏࢇࢁࠊ࠾ࢇࡏࢇࠊ㟁㌴ࠊࡃࡲࠖ࡬࡜ᥥ⏬ࡢ୰࡛ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡿࠋಖ⫱⪅ࡢぢᏲࡾ࡜ゝⴥ࠿ࡅ࡬ࡢ཯ᛂࠊ⮬㌟ࡢᥥ⏬㐠ື࠿ࡽ⏕ࡌࡿᥥ⥺࡟どぬⓗ่⃭ࢆཷࡅࠊㄒࡾ᥃ࡅ࡜ඹ࡟ᥥ⏬ࡶᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡿࠋసရ D㸫2 (1)㹼(3)ࡢ⏬⏝⣬ᖜ
ࠝ542mmࠞࢆ኱ࡁࡃ౑ࡗࡓ㌍ືឤࡢ࠶ࡿᥥ⥺࠿ࡽࠊ㌟యⓗᡂ㛗࡜㐠ື⬟ຊࠊ௚⪅㸦ẕ㸧࡬ྥࡅ࡚⾲⌧ࡍࡿពḧࡀ඘ᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋసရ D㸫2 (4)ࡣഅⓎⓗࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛ
࠿ࡽࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒ࡬ྥࡅࠊᩚ⌮ࡉࢀࡓ㍯㒌⥺࡟ࡼࡿ෇ࡢᥥ⏬ࠊࡉࡽ࡟」ᩘࡢ෇
ࡢᵓᡂ࡟ࡼࡾࠗ㢦࠘ࡀ⾲ฟࠋࠕࡣ࣮࠸ࠊ࠿࠸࡜ࡃࢇࠊ࠾࠾ࡁ࠸࡛ࡍࠖ࡜࠸࠺Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢㄒࡾ

− 24 −᥃ࡅ࠿ࡽࠊ᫂☜࡞ㄆ㆑ࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࠗ㢦࠘ࡢࠕ⾲㇟⏬ࠖࡀᥥ⏬ࡉࢀࡓࠋసရ D㸫2 (5)㹼(7)ࡣ
ࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝ࡜ࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࡀΰྜࡋ࡚ᥥ⏬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⏨ඣ K ࡢࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝ
ᮇ㹼⤮⏬ᮇࡲ࡛඲࡚ࡢᥥ⏬ࡢⓎ㐩㐣⛬࡟࠾࠸࡚᪂ࡋ࠸ᥥ⏬⾲⌧ࡀ⾲ฟࡋࠊᥥ⏬ࡢⓎ㐩ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ๓ᚋࠊࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝࡀᥥ⏬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊసရ D㸫2 (5)㹼(7)࡛᭦࡟⾲⌧ࡢ᥈⣴ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࠊసရ D㸫2 (4)ࡢࠗ㢦࠘࠿ࡽࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ヨࡳ࡜ࡋ࡚సရ D㸫2 (8)ࡀᥥ⏬ࡉࢀࡓࠋసရ D㸫2 (9)ࡣసရୖ㒊ࡢࠗ㢦࠘ࠊࡑࡢୗ࡟ࠕࣛ࢖࢜ࣥࠖࠊἼᆺࡢᥥ⥺ࡣࠕࡏࢇࢁࠖ
࡜㢟ࡉࢀࠊࡉࡽ࡟ᑠࡉ࠸Ἴᆺࡢሢࡣࠕ࡞ࡲ࠼ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ᥥ⏬ࡉࢀࡓࠋࠕ࡞ࡲ࠼ࠖ࡜㢟ࡉࢀࡓᙧែࡣࠊᩥᏐࡢᶍೌ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᪥ᖖ⏕άࡢ࡞࠿࡛┠࡟ࡍࡿᩥᏐᙧែࢆグ᠈ࡋࠊᥥ⏬࡟ྲྀࡾධࢀ⾲⌧ࢆヨࡳ࡚࠸ࡿࠋືసⓗ⾲㇟ᮇ࡟࠶ࡾࠊᩥᏐࡢㄆ㆑ࡣ᫂☜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ⏕άࡢ୰࡛┠࡟ࡋࡓᙧࡢᶍೌࡣ᪂ࡓ࡞ࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝࡢ⋓ᚓ࡬࡜⧅ࡀࡾࠊࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࡢᥥ⏬࡛ά⏝ࡉࢀࡿࠋD㸫2(1)㹼(9)ࡢ 9 Ⅼࡢసရ࠿ࡽࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒ࡬ࡢ⛣⾜ࡀ☜ᐇ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋϩ㸬ࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࡢ⾲ฟసရసရ D㸫3 (1)㹼(15) ࠙඲ 15 Ⅼࠚձ ⾲㸰㸬సရ␒ྕ 31㹼45㸦15 Ⅼྠ᪥㐃⥆ᥥ⏬㸧
ղ 2 ṓ 10 ࠿᭶㸦152 㐌┠㸧ճ ືసⓗ⾲㇟ᮇմ 15 Ⅼ୰ 14 ⅬࠝD㸫3 (1)㹼(14)ࠞෆᐜࡣྛసရୗ࡟⾲グ
յ 15 Ⅼ඲࡚ ᅄࡘษ㸦392542mm㸧

D㸫3 (1)D㸫3 (2)D㸫3 (3)ᕥ㸸ࠕࡇࡀඛ⏕ ࡉ࠸࡜࠺ඛ⏕ࠖᕥ㸸ࠕ࢘࢕ࣥࢼ࣮ࡢࡀࡗ࡜ࠖ

ᕥ㸸ࠕࢫࣉ࣮ࣞࢩ࣮ࣕ ࣈࢱࣈྑ㸸ࠕ࠾ࡤࡅࠖࢱࠖ ྑ㸸ࠕࢫࣉ࣮ࣞࢩ࣮ࣕࠖ

ྑ㸸ࠕࡳࢇ࡞ ࢘࢕ࣥࢼ࣮ࠖ

D㸫3 (4)ࠕࢫࣉ࣮ࣞࢩ࣮ࣕࠖ

D㸫3 (5)D㸫3 (6)

ࠕࢫࣉ࣮ࣞࢩ࣮ࣕࠖ

ࠕࢢࣝࢢࣝࡲࡁࡢ࠾ẕࡉࢇ࡜ࢀࡶࢇ࡜ࠖ

− 25 −

D㸫3 (7)D㸫3 (8)D㸫3 (9)ࠕ࠾࡟ࡂࡾࠖ

ࠕ࠾Ⲕࠖ

D㸫3 (10)D㸫3 (11)D㸫3 (12)ࠕ࠾ẕࡉࢇࡀࡓࡗ࡚ࠊࡇ࡝ࡶࡀ

ࠕࡶࡇࡕࡷࢇࡢ࠿࠾ࠖ

ࠕࣈ࣮࣮ࣝ࣋ࣜࠖ

ࡇ࠺ࡸࡗ࡚ࠊࡔࡗࡇࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࠖࠕ࠿ࡽࡔࠖࠕࡋࡗࡱࠖࠕࢢࣝࢢࣝࡲࡁࡢ࠾ẕࡉࢇ࡜࠾ࡌ࠸ࡕࡷࢇࠖ

D㸫3 (13)D㸫3 (14)ࠕ࠸ࡗࡥ࠸ࡘࡼࡃ࠿࠸ࡓࡼࠖ

ࠕࡳ࡚ࠊ࠸ࡗࡥ࠸࠿࠸ࡓࠖ

ࠕ࠿࠸ࡔࢇࠊࡋࡹ࣮ࡗ࡚ࡋ࡚ࠖ

ࠕ࠶ࡗࡓࡃࢇࡢࡣࡋࠖ

D㸫3 (15)

సရ D㸫3 (1)㹼(15)ࡢ 15 Ⅼࡣྠ᪥࡟㐃⥆ࡋ࡚ᥥ⏬ࡉࢀࡓࠋసရ D㸫2(1)㹼(9)ࡢᥥ⏬࠿ࡽ
1 ࠿᭶⤒㐣ࡋࠊ᪥ᖖ⏕άࡸ࠶ࡑࡧࠊே㛫㛵ಀࡢᗈࡀࡾ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟⾲㇟࡜ᥥ⏬ࡢⓎ㐩ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࠋ⾲㇟࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣືసⓗ⾲㇟ᮇ࠿ࡽᫎീⓗ⾲㇟ᮇࡢ⋓ᚓ࡬ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋసရ D㸫3 (1)࡛ࡣᕥഃࡦ࡜ࡘࡢࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒ࡟ࡩࡓࡾࡢே≀ࢆ♧ࡋࠊྑࡢࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࡣࠕࡳࢇ࡞ࠖ࠿ࡽࠕ࢘࢕ࣥࢼ࣮ࠖ࡬࡜ኚ᥮ࡉࢀࡓࠋゝㄒࡢⓎ㐩࡟క࠸͆ព࿡࡙ࡅࡢ⤮͇ࡶ┒ࢇ࡟࡞ࡾࠊᥥ⏬᫬ࡢゝືࡸಖ⫱⪅㸦ẕ㸧࡬ࡢㄒࡾ᥃ࡅ㸦ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㸧ࡶቑຍࡍࡿࠋ⾲㇟⏬ࢆ௓ࡋࡓ௚⪅࡜ࡢඹ㏻ㄆ㆑ࢆᴦࡋࡳࠊ⮬ศࡢᏑᅾࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋసရ D㸫
3 (3)㹼(5)ࡣࠊಖ⫱⪅ࡀࢫࣉ࣮ࣞࢆᄇᑕࡋࡓ㝿ࠊࢫࣉ࣮ࣞ࠿ࡽᄇࡁฟࡿໃ࠸࡜㡢ࡢ༳㇟ࢆᥥ⏬࡜ゝⴥ࡛ಖ⫱⪅࡟⾲⌧ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋᥥ⏬ࡉࢀࡓࠋ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋྠᵝࡢࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛ
ࠑ༢యᅗࠒࡢᥥ⏬࠿ࡽᏳᐃࡋ࡚⾲⌧ࡉࢀࡓసရ D㸫3 (6)࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠕࡄࡿࡄࡿࡲࡁࡢ࠾ẕࡉࢇ࡜ࢀࡶࢇࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚」ᩘࡢࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࡀᵓᡂࡉࢀࠊ㐃⥆ࡋ࡚సရ D㸫3 (7)ࠕ࠾ẕࡉࢇ࡜࠾ࡌ࠸ࡕࡷࢇࠖ࡬ព࿡࡙ࡅࡀᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࠊ୰ኸ࡟᫂☜࡞୍ᩥᏐࡀධࡿࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ
࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࢆᥥ⏬ࠋసရ D㸫3 (8)㹼(10)ࡢࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࡣసရ D㸫3 (8)ࡢ− 26 −

ᙧែࠊ㓄⨨ᵝᘧࡀ⥅ᢎࡉࢀࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ㐪࠺ព࿡࡙ࡅࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࠋసရ D㸫3 (8)ࡣࡇࡢ᪥
ᥥ⏬ࡉࢀࡓసရࡢ୰࡛᭱ࡶᏳᐃࡋࡓ෇ࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚ᥥ⏬ࡋࠊ᭦࡟సရ D㸫3 (9)࡛ࡣ෇ࢆᶓ࡟
ࡎࡽࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᥥ⏬⾲⌧ࡍࡿ࢔ࣞࣥࢪࡀຍࢃࡾࠊసရ D㸫3 (10)ࡣୖୗ࡟ࠊసရ D㸫3 (12)ࡣ୰ᚰ࠿ࡽእ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚ᕳ≧࡟෇ࡀᥥ⏬ࡉࢀࡓࠋ㐃⥆ࡋ࡚ᥥ⏬ࡍࡿ୰࡛⏕ࡲࢀࡓኚ໬

࡟่⃭ࢆཷࡅࠊࡑࢀࢆࡁࡗ࠿ࡅ࡟ྠᙧࡢࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒ࠿ࡽࣂ࢚࣮ࣜࢩࣙࣥࡀቑ
࠼ࡿࠋసရ D㸫3 (13)㹼(15)ࡣ௚⪅࡜⮬ศࡢ⾲⌧ࡀඹឤࠊཷᐜࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡀཎືຊ࡜࡞ࡾ᭦࡟ࢫࣆ࣮ࢻឤࡢ࠶ࡿᥥ⥺࡟ࡼࡿࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࡢ⾲⌧࡜ࠕ࠸ࡗࡥ࠸ࡘࡼࡃ࠿࠸ࡓࡼࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⮬ᕫ୺ᙇ࡬࡜⧅ࡀࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ᪥ࡢ 15 Ⅼ࡟ཬࡪ⥅⥆ⓗ࡞෇⾲⌧࠿ࡽᥥ⏬㐠ືࡢㄪᩚ⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࡢ⋓ᚓࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࠋϪ㸬ࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒ࠿ࡽࢥࣥࣂ࢖ࣥࠑ⤖ྜᅗࠒ࡬ࡢ⛣⾜㛤ጞసရసရ D㸫4 (1)㹼(7),(10),(11) ࠙඲ 9 Ⅼࠚྠ᪥ᥥ⏬సရ(8),(9)ࢆ㝖ࡃձ ⾲㸰㸬సရ␒ྕ 62㹼68,71,72㸦ྠ᪥㐃⥆ᥥ⏬సရ 11 Ⅼࡼࡾ 9 Ⅼᢤ⢋㸧ղ 3 ṓ㸦163 㐌┠㸧ճ ືసⓗ⾲㇟ᮇ࠿ࡽᫎീⓗ⾲㇟ᮇմ 11 Ⅼ୰ 7 ⅬࠝD㸫4 (1)㹼(5),(7),(10)ࠞෆᐜࡣྛసရୗ࡟⾲グ
յ 11 Ⅼ඲࡚ ᅄࡘษ㸦392542mm㸧

D㸫4 (1)D㸫4 (2)D㸫4 (3)ࠕࡇࢃ࠸࢔ࣥࣃ࣐ࣥࣥࠖ

ྑୖࠕࡋࡻࡃࡥࢇࡲࢇ ࡬ࢇ࡞ࠕ࢘ࣝࢺ࣐ࣛࣥ࠶ࡋࡶ࠿࠸ࡓࠖ

ࡢࡡࠊࡕࡀ࠺ࡡࠖ

⮬ศ࡛┠ࡸ㊊ࡢゎㄝྑୗࠕ࡬ࢇ࡞࣮࢝ࣞࣃ࣐ࣥࣥࠖ
ࠕ⥺࠿ࡽࡣࡳฟࡓࡽ࠸࠿ࢇ࡜ࠖ

D㸫4 (4)D㸫4 (5)ࠕࡋࡽ࡞࠸ ࡬ࢇ ࡝࠿ࢇࠖࠕࡋࡷ࠿ࡋࡷ࠿ࡋࡷ࠿ࠖ
㡢ࢆࡔࡋ࡚ࡓࡢࡋࡴ

− 27 −

D㸫4 (6)

D㸫4 (7)ࠕ࡬ࢇ࡞࠾ࡤࡅࠖ

D㸫4 (10)D㸫4 (11)ࠕࡃࡿࡲࠖᕥୗࠕࡇࢃ࠸࢔ࣥࣃ࣐ࣥࣥࠖ

సရ D㸫4 (1)㹼(7),(10),(11) ࡣసရ D㸫3 (1)㹼(15)࠿ࡽ 2 ࠿᭶⤒㐣ࡋ࡚ 3 ṓ࡟࡞ࡾࠊྠ
᪥ 9 Ⅼ㐃⥆ࡋ࡚ᥥ⏬ࡉࢀࡓࠋᥥ⏬࡟❧ࡕྜ࠺ಖ⫱⪅࡬ࡢㄒࡾ᥃ࡅࡢㄒᙡࡶቑ࠼ࡿࠋసရ
D㸫4(1)ࡣࠊἼᆺ࡛⤫୍ࡉࢀࡓᥥ⥺࡛⏬㠃ୖ࡟᫂☜࡞㡿ᇦࢆᣢࡗ࡚ᥥ⏬ࡉࢀࡓࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⏨ඣ K ࡢᥥ⏬ࡢ୰࡛ࠊἼᆺࡢᥥ⥺ࡣࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝᮇ࠿ࡽ㢖⦾࡟ᥥ⏬ࡉࢀࠊᮏస࡛ࡣࠕࡇࢃ࠸࢔ࣥࣃ࣐ࣥࣥࠖࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆἼᆺࡢᥥ⥺࡟ࡼࡿࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒ࡛⾲⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕࡇࢃ࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺༳㇟ࢆ⾲⌧ࡍࡿᥥ⥺࡜࢔ࣥࣃ࣐ࣥࣥࡢᙧ
ែࡢグ᠈࠿ࡽࡦ࡜ࡘࡢᙧࡀ๰㐀ࡉࢀࠊᥥ⏬࡟ឤ᝟⾲⌧ࡀ⾲ࢀࡿࠋసရ D㸫4 (2)㹼(4)ࡣࠊ
సရ D㸫4(2)࡛㔜ࡡ࡚ᥥ⏬ࡉࢀࡓ෇ᙧࠊసရ D㸫4 (3)࡛ࡣ෇ᙧ࠿ࡽே࡟ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢ
㰯࠿ࡽ┤⥺ࡀᘬ࠿ࢀ㊊ࡀ㐃⤖ࡉࢀࡓࠋసရ D㸫3 (7)࡛ᥥ⏬ࡉࢀࡓ෇ᙧࡢ୰ኸ࡟᫂☜࡞୍ᩥᏐࡀධࡿࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࡢᛂ⏝ࡀぢࡽࢀࠊ2 ࠿᭶๓࡟ᥥ⏬ࡋࡓᙧែࡢᫎീグ᠈ࢆᇶ࡟᪂ࡋ࠸⾲⌧࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴᏊ࡝ࡶࡢᥥ⏬⬟ຊࡀ⾲ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋసရ D㸫4 (4)ࡣసရ D
㸫4 (3)࡟㉥࠸⥺࡛ᥥ⏬ࡉࢀࡓࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒ࠿ࡽ᭦࡟ᩚ⌮ࡉࢀࡓ෇ᙧ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
సရ D㸫4 (5)㸪(6) 」ᶓ⥺ࡢࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝ࡟⦪⥺ࡀ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡉࢀࡓᵓᅗࡣࠊ⏨ඣ K ࡢࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝึᮇẁ㝵 1 ṓ 6 ࠿᭶࠿ࡽᥥ⏬ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࠊᗘࠎᥥ⏬ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ͆࠾Ẽ࡟ධࡾࡢ⤮͇࡛࠶ࡿࠋసရ D㸫4 (5)ࠕࡋࡷ࠿ࡋࡷ࠿ࡋࡷ࠿ 㡢ࢆࡔࡋ࡚ࡓࡢࡋࡴࠖ࡜ࡢグ㘓࠿ࡽࠊᥥ⏬ࡍࡿ㝿ࡢ㡢ࠊᥥ⏬⣲ᮦ࠿ࡽᡭ࡟ఏࢃࡿឤぬ࡜どぬⓗ่⃭ࢆᴦࡋࡳ࡞ࡀࡽ஬ឤࢆ
౑ࡗ࡚ᥥ⏬άື࡟ᣮࡳࠊໃ࠸ࡢ࠶ࡿᥥ⥺ࢆṧࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣮ࣟࢲ࣭ࢣࣟࢵࢢ㸦Rhoda
Kellogg 1998㸧ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡀࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚ᥥ⏬⾲⌧ࡍࡿ㝿ࠊ⮬ศࡢዲࡳࡢᙧែ⾲⌧ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡇࡢഴྥࡣ⬻ࡢ⏕⌮࡟ᇶ♏ࢆ⨨ࡃ࡜㏙࡭
࡚࠸ࡿࠋసရ D㸫4 (7)ࠕ࡬ࢇ࡞࠾ࡤࡅࠖࡢ ࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࡣసရ D㸫4 (6)ࡢᙧែࢆ୍㒊ྲྀࡾ㎸ࡳࠊ᪂ࡓ࡟ᵓᡂࠊᥥ⏬ࡉࢀࡓࠋసရ D㸫4 (10)኱ᑠ」ᩘࡢࢲ࢖࢔ࢢࣛ
࣒ࠑ༢యᅗࠒࡢᵓᡂ࡟ࡼࡾࠕࡃࡿࡲࠖࡀ⾲⌧ࡉࢀࠊ᭦࡟஌㌴ࡍࡿே≀ࡢࠗ㢦࠘ࡶᥥ⏬ࡉࢀࡿࠋసရ D㸫4 (10),(11)࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ」ᩘࡢࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࡢᵓᡂࡣࠊᥥ⏬ࡢⓎ㐩ẁ㝵࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡩࡓࡘࡢᙧࢆ⤖ྜࡋࡼ࠺࡜ᐇ㦂ࡀ㛤ጞࡉࢀࡿࠊࢥࣥࣂ࢖ࣥࠑ⤖ྜᅗࠒࡢ⛣⾜ࡀ㛤ጞࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ⾲㇟ࡢⓎ㐩࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊືసⓗ⾲㇟ᮇ㸦ឤぬ㐠ືⓗᢕᥱ㸧࡜ᫎീⓗ⾲㇟ᮇ(ᫎീ࡟ࡼࡿᑐ㇟ࡢᢕᥱ)ࡢ୰࡟࠶ࡿࠋ

− 28 −

䠑䠊䜎䛸䜑㻌 䡚䝎䜲䜰䜾䝷䝮䚾༢యᅗ䚿㻌 䜈䛾㛵䜟䜚䡚㻌 㻌ࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ஬ឤࢆ㏻ࡋࡓᥥ⏬య㦂ࢆ㏻ࡋឤぬⓗࠊどぬⓗ่⃭ࢆཷࡅࠐࠊ‫ࡓࡗ࠸࡜ڧࠊڹ‬ᗄఱᏛᙧែࡸ᫂☜࡞༑ᩥᏐ࡞࡝ࡢᥥ⏬࠿ࡽࠊᩥᏐࡢ⋓ᚓ࡬࡜ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ⾲⌧ࡢᇶ♏ᙧែࢆయᚓࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋグྕ໬ࡉࢀࡓᗄఱᏛᙧែࡢ⾲⌧࠿ࡽ௚⪅࡜ࡢඹ㏻ㄆ㆑ࢆྍ
⬟࡟ࡍࡿࠕ⾲㇟⏬ࠖࡢᥥ⏬࡬࡜ᑟ࠿ࢀࠊ௚⪅࡜ࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡢඹ᭷࡜ඹឤ࠿ࡽᥥ⏬࡬ࡢ඘ᐇឤࢆ㧗ࡵࠊࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒ࠿ࡽࢥࣥࣂ࢖ࣥࠑ⤖ྜᅗࠒ࡬࡜Ⓨ㐩ࡢṌࡳࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࠋ ࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝᮇ࠿ࡽࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࡢᥥ⏬ࡣ 0 ṓ࠿ࡽ 3 ṓࡲ࡛ࡢே㛫ᙧᡂ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔜せ࡞Ⓨ㐩᫬ᮇ࡜㔜࡞ࡾࠊಖ⫱⪅ࡢឡ᝟࡜ぢᏲࡾࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡢ᥈⣴᪉ἲ࡟ᐤࡾῧࡗࡓ᥼ຓ࡟ࡼࡾࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ㡿ᇦ࡜㛵ࢃࡾᡭࡉࡄࡾࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ⏕άࡸ࠶ࡑࡧࡢయ㦂࠿ࡽ⾲⌧ຊࢆ⫱ࡳࠊ⬻ࡸᏳᐃࡋࡓ⢭⚄ࠊᑐே㛵ಀ࠿ࡽ⮬ᕫ㸦ே᱁㸧ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࠋࠕ⾲㇟⏬ࠖࡢᥥ⏬ࡀ㛤ጞࡉࢀࠊᥥ⏬ࢆ௓ࡋࡓࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊⓎࡍࡿゝⴥࡸ⾲⌧ࡀཷࡅṆࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟႐ࡧ࡜⾲⌧࡬ࡢពḧࢆ㧗ࡵ࡞ࡀࡽⓎ㐩࡬ᑟ࠿ࢀࡿࡇࡢ᫬ᮇࠊάືࢆ᥼ຓࡍࡿಖ⫱⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡢᥥ⏬άືࡢほᐹ࠿ࡽࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᥥ⏬Ⓨ㐩ẁ㝵ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡟࡞ࡿࠋࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓᥥ⏬ࡢⓎ㐩ẁ㝵࡟࠶ࡿ 3 ṓࢡࣛࢫࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿಖ⫱ኈ࠿ࡽࠕࢡࣛࢫ࡛ࢸ࣮࣐ࢆタᐃࡋ࡚࠾⤮ᥥࡁࢆࡍࡿ㝿ࠊࢢࣝࢢࣝᥥࡁ㸦ࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝ㸧ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋᥥࡃᏊ࡝ࡶࡀ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮚ࡝ࡶ࡟ࡣࠊಖ⫱⪅ࡀぢᮏࢆᥥ࠸࡚ࠊᥥࡁ᪉ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠶ࡆࡿ࡯࠺ࡀ࠸࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠖࠋ࡜࠸࠺㉁ၥࢆཷࡅࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
࣮ࣟࢲࢣࣟࢵࢢ㸦Rhoda Kellogg 1998㸧ࡣࠊࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࢥࣥࣂ࢖ࣥࠑ⤖ྜᅗࠒ࢔ࢢࣜࢤ࢖ࢺࠑ㞟ྜᅗࠒࡣᗂඣ⏬ࡢⓎ㐩㠃࠿ࡽぢࡿ࡜ࠊ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ྠ᫬ᮇ࡟ฟ⌧ࡍࡿ࡜
㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ2 ṓ࠿ࡽ 3 ṓ࡟࠿ࡅ 1 ᖺ㛫࡯࡝ࡢ▷࠸ᮇ㛫ࡢ࡞࠿࡛ࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝᮇ࠿ࡽࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒ࡬ࡢ⛣⾜ࠊ᭦࡟ࢥࣥࣂ࢖ࣥࠑ⤖ྜᅗࠒ࡜⤮⏬ࡢⓎ㐩ẁ㝵࡟࠾ࡅࡿ 3 ࡘࡢẁ㝵ࢆ㐍ࡴࡓࡵࠊྠࡌ 3 ṓඣࢡࣛࢫෆ࡛ࡶᏊ࡝ࡶࡢⓎ㐩ẁ㝵࡟ಶᛶࡀ⾲ࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡢⓎ㐩ẁ㝵࡟๎ࡗ࡚ࢡࣛࢫෆ࡛ᵝࠎ࡞సရࡀ⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊ௚ࡢᏊ࡝ࡶ࡜ᥥ⏬
⾲⌧ࡀẚ㍑ࡉࢀࠊಖㆤ⪅࠿ࡽࡢ㉁ၥࡸᚰ㓄ࡢኌࡶ⏕ࡌࡸࡍ࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
⏨ඣ K ࡢసရ D㸫2 (5)㹼(7)ࡣࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝ࡜ࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࡀΰྜࡋ࡚ᥥ⏬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➹⪅࡟ࡼࡿᗂඣ⾲㇟⏬ࡢ⦪᩿ⓗグ㘓ࡢ᳨ド㸦➉Ọ࣭ሮ 2017㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࢫࢡࣜ
ࣈࣝᮇ࠿ࡽ⤮⏬ᮇࡲ࡛඲࡚ࡢᥥ⏬Ⓨ㐩ẁ㝵࡛ࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡀ᪂ࡋ࠸⾲⌧ࡢ᥈⣴ࢆࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝᥥ⏬ࡢ୰࡛⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ⾲㇟ࡢẁ㝵࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊືసⓗ⾲㇟࡟ຍ࠼ᫎീⓗ⾲㇟ࡢ⋓ᚓ࡬ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡢࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢ࡛㐍ࡴ㐣⛬࡛ࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡢᥥ⏬⾲⌧ࡀⓎ㐩࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿࡢࡀ⮬↛࡞≧ែ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ㐪࠸࡟ඃຎࡢᕪࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᏊ࡝ࡶࡣ⮬ศࡢᥥ⏬Ⓨ㐩ẁ㝵ࡢ࡞࠿࡛ᐇయ㦂࠿ࡽ⋓ᚓࡋ࡚ࡁࡓᙧែࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᥥ⏬ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᥥ⏬άື࡟ᐤࡾῧ࠺ಖ⫱⪅ࡣఙࡧఙࡧ࡜ᥥ⏬࡛ࡁࡿ⎔ቃࢆᩚ࠼ࠊࢫࢡࣜࣈࣝᥥ⏬࡟ไ⣙ࡸᖸ΅ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃࠊᥥ⏬
ࢆ௓ࡋࡓᏊ࡝ࡶࡢ୺ᙇ࡟཯ᛂࡋඹឤࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⾲⌧࡬ࡢ᥈⣴ពḧࢆ㧗ࡵࠊ⮬Ⓨⓗάື࡬ࡢຬẼ࡙ࡅ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ⏨ඣ K ࡣࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࡢ⛣⾜࠿ࡽࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒࠊࢥࣥࣂ࢖ࣥࠑ⤖− 29 −ྜᅗࠒࡢ⛣⾜㛤ጞࡲ࡛ࠊ࠾ࡼࡑ 4 ࠿᭶࡜࠸࠺ᥥ⏬Ⓨ㐩ࡢ୰࡛ྠࡌ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆඹ᭷࡛ࡁࡿᙧែࠕ⾲㇟⏬ࠖࡢᥥ⏬࡟⮳ࡾࠊࡇࡢ㐨ࡢࡾࡣᥥ⏬࠿ࡽᩥᏐࡢ⋓ᚓࠊ⾲㇟࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㇟ᚩⓗ⾲㇟ᮇ࡬ྥ࠿࠺ࠋ௒ᚋ᭦࡟⏨ඣ K ࡢ⦪᩿ⓗᥥ⏬సရ⩌ࡢ᳨ド࡜ᥥ⏬Ⓨ㐩ࡢ◊✲ࢆ῝ࡵࡓ࠸ࠋ㻌㻌䛒䛸䛜䛝㻌➹⪅ࡀ 20 ṓࡢ㡭ࠊ3 ṓ࡜ 4 ṓࡢᏊ࡝ࡶ࡜⇃ᮏࡢ㜿⸽࡬᪑ࢆࡋࡓࠋ㜿⸽஬ᓅࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ᰿Ꮚᓅࢆ௮ࡂぢࡓ▐㛫ࠕࢃ࣮ࢳ࢝ࢳ࢝ࡋࡓᒣࡔࡡ࣮ࠖ࡜Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡀྉࢇࡔࠋ᰿Ꮚᓅࡢࢠࢨࢠࢨ࡜ࡋࡓࣀࢥࢠࣜลࡢࡼ࠺࡞⛸⥺ࡢᙧ≧ࡀࠊఱ࠿ࢆゐࡗࡓ㝿࡟ࢳ࢝ࢳ࢝࡜ឤࡌࡓᣦඛࡢឤぬయ㦂ࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪ࡜㔜࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ௒ᛮ࠼ࡤࡇࡢఱẼ࡞࠸୍ゝࡣࠊືసⓗ⾲㇟ᮇࢆ୰ᚰ࡜
ࡋࡓࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒᮇ࡟࠶ࡿᏊ࡝ࡶ≉᭷ࡢ⾲⌧ࡔࡗࡓ࡜⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ᰿Ꮚᓅ࡟ࡣࠊ࠿ࡘ࡚⚄ࡢ㏫㫣࡟ゐࢀࠊ➉ࡢᲬ࡛ᒣ㡬ࢆ྇࠿ࢀ࡚⌧ᅾࡢࢠࢨࢠࢨ࡜ࡋࡓᙧ≧࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ఏㄝࡀṧࡿࠋࠕ⾲㇟⏬ࠖࡢᥥ⏬࡜ࠊࡑࡢᥥ⏬ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚௚⪅࡜ࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡢඹ᭷ࡀ㛤ጞࡉࢀࡿࢲ࢖࢔ࢢ࣒ࣛࠑ༢యᅗࠒᮇࡣࠊ≀ࡢᙧ࠿ࡽ┠ࡢ๓࡟࡞࠸≀ࢆ᝿ീࡋࠊ⚄ヰࡸఏㄝࢆ๰㐀ࡋ⥅ᢎࡋ࡚ࡁࡓே㛫ඹ㏻ࡢཎึⓗ࡞๰㐀㉳Ⅼࡢ᫬ᮇ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࡢࡔࠋ㻌ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㻌 㻌ᩪ⸨ள▮ⴭ㸪㸦2014㸧ࠗࣄࢺࡣ࡞ࡐ⤮ࢆᥥࡃࡢ࠿ ⱁ⾡ㄆ▱⛉Ꮫ࡬ࡢᣍᚅ࠘㸪ᒾἼ᭩ᗑ㸬J㸬S㸬ࣈ࣮ࣝࢼ࣮ⴭ㸪 ᒸᮏኟᮌ௚ヂ㸦1976㸧ࠗㄆ㆑⬟ຊࡢᡂ㛗㸦ୖ㸧࠘㸪᫂἞ᅗ᭩ฟ∧㸬ΎỈ‶㸪ᑠᯇ࿴ᙪ㸪ᯇᮏ೺⩏ⴭ㸦2010㸧 ᗂඣᩍ⫱▱ࡢ᥈✲ࠗ⾲⌧ⱁ⾡ࡢୡ⏺࠘㸪ⴌᩥ᭩ᯘ㸬㧗ᶫెஓⴭ㸪ࠗ㜿⸽ࡢ᫇ࡴ࠿ࡋ ⓑᕝࡢẸヰ࠘㸪ᘓタ┬❧㔝ࢲ࣒ᕤ஦஦ົᡤ㸬➉Ọள▮࣭ሮ࿴㐨ⴭ㸪㸦2017㸧ࠕ⨾⾡⾲⌧◊✲ ㅮ⩏ࠕᗂඣ⾲㇟⏬ࠖࡢ⦪᩿ⓗグ㘓ࡢ᳨ドࠖ
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ສ౑༓㭯㸪
㸦2004㸧
ࠗᏊ࡝ࡶࡢⓎ㐩࡜࠶ࡑࡧࡢᣦᑟ࠘
㸪ࡦ࡜࡞ࡿ᭩ᡣ㸬㫽ᒃ᫛⨾ⴭ㸪㸦1995㸧ࠗᏊ࡝ࡶࡢ⤮ࢆࢲ࣓࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇ࠿㸽࠘㸪፬ே⏕ά♫㸬ෆ㛶ᗓ⦅ⴭ࣭ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬⦅ⴭ࣭ཌ⏕ປാ┬⦅ⴭ㸪
㸦2017㸧ࠗᖹᡂ 29 ᖺ࿌♧ ᗂ⛶ᅬᩍ⫱せ㡿ಖ⫱ᡤಖ⫱ᣦ㔪 ᗂಖ㐃ᦠᆺㄆᐃࡇ࡝ࡶᅬᩍ⫱࣭ಖ⫱せ㡿 ཎᮏ ࠘㸪ࢳࣕ࢖ࣝࢻᮏ♫.
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ᐑṊ㎮ኵⴭ㸪㸦1985㸧ࠗᗂඣࡢ⤮ࡣ⏕άࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠘㸪༤ᩥ♫㸬ࣟࢪ࢙࣭࢝࢖ࣚ࣡ⴭ㸪ከ⏣㐨ኴ㑻㸪ሯᓮᖿኵヂ㸦2017㸧ࠗ㐟ࡧ࡜ே㛫࠘㸪ㅮㄯ♫㸬࣮ࣟࢲ࣭ࢣࣟࢵࢢⴭ㸪῝⏣ᑦᙪヂ㸦1998㸧ࠗඣ❺⏬ࡢⓎ㐩㐣⛬ ࡞ࡄࡾᥥࡁ࠿ࡽࣆࢡࢫࢳࣕ࡬࠘㸪㯪᫂᭩ᡣ㸬− 30 −