/2/^/L-l^^^,j^ ^PROCEEDINGSOK THE

NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN,
FORTH!

SESSIONS 1856-1859,(iNCLTJSITE.)

Lord, how manifold are thy works
earth is full of thy riches.

— Psalm!

in wisdom hast thou made thorn all:th«civ. 24.

YOL.

II.

(/^^|.

DUBLIN:PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY,
BY M. H. GILL.
1860.

DXTBUN NATUBAL HISTORY SOCIKTY.

27

FRIDAY EVENING, MARCH 13, 1857.
Professor "W. H. Harvey, M.D., M.R.I.A., in the Chair.

The Minutes of the previous meeting having been read and signed,—

Mr. II. P. Williams exhibited a fine specimen of the Peregrine (Falco
peregrinus), killed in the county of Meath, and presented to the Society
by Henry Meredith, Esq., through George Annesley Pollock, Esq.

—

Dr. J. R. KiNAHAN read a paper

ON A CRANGON NEW TO SCIENCE, WITH NOTICES OP o¥hER NONDESCRIPT
CRUSTACEA, AND OBSERVATIONS ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE CRUSTACEAPODOPHTHALHIA op the EASTERN, OR DUBLIN MARINE, DISTRICT OF IRELAND.

<'^:fr:•s^

Before proceeding, according to my promise at our last meeting, todescribe this hitherto unnoficed Crangon, it will be necessary to review,in a cursory way, the species of this genus already described.
The genus Crangon is now generally restricted to those macrourous
Crustacea in which the first pair of legs are subcheliform, that is to say,terminating in a movable hooked claw, articulated to the externalangle of the extremity of the terminal joint of the leg, and folding down
on a permanent fixed spine, arising from the internal angle of the samei. e. terjoint ; the second pair of legs slender, minute, and didactyle,minating in a regular-formed hand, with a movable finger ; the remaining pairs of legs acuminate and monodactyle ; the external maxillipeds

the internal antenna) inserted on a line above the exThus excluding certain species, which aro
now grouped under the following genera
Argis {Kroyer). [Eyes concealed beneath the carapace ; fourth and fifth pair of legs dilated, natatorial: (C. Lar.) {Oicen).'] Sabinea ( Ouen). [Second pair of legs very
short, not cheliform C. septein carinatus {Sabine).'] Paracrangon {Dana),[Second pair of legs obsolete : Paracrangon echinatu* {Dana).']subpediform;

ternal, and the eyes free.

:

:

—

DUBLIN KATUBAL HISTOHT SOCIETY.

28

The species referred to this genus are as follow :Crangon vulgaris (Fahr.).
fasciatus {RissoX„

Crangon bispinosus {Hailstone).
boreas (Fhipps).
„,,

spinosus (Leach).
sculptus (Bell).

,,,,

trispinosus {Hailstone).

,,

,,

,,

loricatus (Eisso).

munitus {Dana),
nanus {Kroyer).

Of which the first six are recorded as Irish, the first five having occurred
to these must be added the species to
C. Allmanni (mihi).
be now described
Leach and Risso divided the species then known into three genera
Crangon, Pontophilus, and ^geon of these the two latter have been,
by modem systematists, rejected as founded on insufficient characters,
There appear to be good grounds
and, therefore, not natural groups.
for this opinion as regards jEgeon
but it is probable that further study

in the eastern or Dublin district

—

;

—

;

;

of the homologies of those already known will lead to the re-establishment of Leach's genus, Pontophilus.
This genus was founded for those species in which the second pairof legs were much shorter than the first, the foot-jaws having their terminal joints long and slender, and the carapace covered with spinous
Of these characters the second is found to be inconstant; the firstlines.
liable to confusion; but the third will, I am led to believe, be foundconstant, although in some species these spinous lines are reduced in

number, and even replaced either by single spines, as in C. trispinosus,
or rows of notches, as in C. bispinosus.
This division includes C. spi-^
nosuSf C. loricatus, C. sculptus, C. nanus (?), C. trispinosus (each row ofspines reduced to a single spine, those of branchial regions obsolete),
C. bispinosus, C. munitus.

In Crangon proper, the second pair of legs equal to the first andthe foot-jaws have their terminal joints somewhat shortened,
and we find one median spine on gastric region, and the lateral spines,
when present, inserted on the branchial region. Under this section arearranged C. vulgo/ris, C. fasciatus, C. boreas (? ), and the new species,
For the present it is, probably, best to unite these two
C. Alhnanni.
groups, as Bell and M. Edwards have done, into one group, under the
third

;

name of Crangon.
Ceangon Allmanite (mih).
C.

Crangonevulga/riaffinis.

Rostrum frontale brevie.

Carapax

armatus, una brevissima regione gastrica mediana,
duae regionibus branchialibus insitae. Abdominis articulus sextus supra
canaliculatus, ultimus supra-sulcatus, dentibus binis utrinque armatus,
infra dentibus minutis praetextus.
Pedum par primum subcheliforme,
brachium Iffive et inenne. Maribus spina stemale brevissima, faeminis
obsoleta.
Colore albus-ceerulescens rufis et aureis punctis maculatus.
Habitat **Zonam coraUinam Maris Hibemici juxta * Bray,' comitat:^Wicklow.' Longit, uncies tres."laevis, spinis tribus:

dublik natural hi8t0bt 80ciett.

—

39

Channel-tailed Shrimp.

Spec. Chah.
Carapace smooth, excepting a Binall spine on the median line of gastric region, and one on each branchial second pair oflegs as long as third; sixth segment of abdomen deeply channelled
above channel continued as shallow sulcus on terminal segment ; third
joint of anterior pair of legs perfectly smooth ; a minute spine between
insertion of second pair of legs in males ; in the female spine, obsolete.
;;o, tail ; A, middle plate of ditto ; c, anterior

1^;

dj rostnuiL

This species is closely allied to Crangon vulgaru. The carapace islarge, rounded, depressed ; the rostral projection comparatively longer
and more acuminate ; the foot-jaws, antennae acute, and natatory platesof the tail as in C. vulgaris ; the anterior pair of legs also similar, but

wanting the spine which adorns the arm of that species ; the spiny armature of the sternum differs strikingly. In G. Allmanni there is only
one very short spine between insertion of second pair of legs in themale in females this is altogether wanting. In C. vulgcms I find two
spines present, one anterior and long, and the other posterior andminute. Middle lamina of the tail is more blunted, and armed withnumerous teeth at the extremity, in addition to the four lateral teeth.
The colour is bluish gray, dotted over with brown, red, and gold ;length of specimens, from 1 -5 to 3 inches.
The channelled abdomen distinguishes it from C. vulgaris, fasciatus,
and nanus. The absence of sculpture on the abdomen, and of spinouslines on the carapace, and the presence of the median spine, separate itfrom C. spinosus, scidptus, loricatus, nanus, munitus, and hispinosut,;

irrespective of other distinctive characters of less importance, as being
more or less comparative. The external characters of the shrimps would

enable us to separate them easily into various artificial groups, according
to arrangement of the spines in carapace, smoothness of abdomen, shapeof rostrum, &c.

so

DUBLIN NATXTEAL HISTOBT SOCIBTT.

The following analysis gives the external characters of the various
The species in italics are not British.

species as far as known.
[M. g.

— median gastric region

i

L g.

— lateral gastric;br.

« branchial.]

DUBLIN NATUKAL UI8T0BY 80CIKTT.

31monograph of the Irish species of this geniis, at present in preparation,
and, therefore, will not now notice it further than as follows :—Paoueus Eblanensis {niihi) (? Bernhabdus).
Resemhling young of P. BernharduH. Hands more regularly globular,very granular; a raised denticulate line marking exterior edge; terminal
extremities of posterior pairs of legs scarcely twisted ; colour, reddishlegs prettily banded with reddish pink.
Among the Crustacea obtained at Dalkey Sound, I find specimensof a very remarkable form of Porcellana, exhibiting peculiarities hitherto
undescribed, and which appear specific, the same form having occurred
It seems as well to notice it
and I propose, should
to me at Rush.

white

;

;

it prove distinct, to call it Parcellana priochelea (mihi)(-jr^ttft ;^i)Aii).

Sehbate-clawed Poecelain Cbab.

The anterior pairs of legs nearly equal ;Allied to P. longicomis.
both hands furrowed, scabrous ; exterior edges finely but distinctly serrated denticulate in arm, with ternal margin produced ; broken up into
lobes ; front produced, finely denticulate, indistinctly four-lobed ; sides
of carapace armed with a number of teeth (?).
Colour : Pale-red, with blotches and patches of white.
Habitat Rush Dalkey Sound.
I have great doubt whether this is not merely a young form of:;

P. longicarnis.
In conclusion, I have to lay before your Society a list of species obtained on the Dublin coasts, additional to those noted by me in a paperon the ** Crustacea of Valentia Island" (p. 62), as in that paper it only
Several morecontains those noted by myself, with a single exception.
species have occurred. The references used are the same as in my previous paper, and I have omitted the species there noticed.
LIST OF species.

W. T., Thompson's Irish Fauna; J. V. T., J. V. Thompson's Collection; C. C. S., Catalogue of Cork Fauna; 0. C, Ordnance Survey Collection ; W. M'C, collected by
M'Calla, The localities iminitialledWm.

are on my own authority.

—

SUnorrhynchus phaldngium. Common laminarian to coralline zones;
sometimes thrown ashore specimens dredged in deep water agree withthe details of a form described by Wm. Thompson as a form of St. U;

nuirostria.

Belfast (W. T.), Dublin, Cove (J.V. T.), Dingle (W. Andrews, Esq.),

Galway, Killeries (W.T.).
Inachus dorynchus,—Not uncommon Malahide, Dalkey, same range;

as last.

BelfastRoundstone (W. M'C).
(0. C), Dublin, Galway,
Inachus JDoraettensis.
Rarer than /. dorynckw.

—

Belfast (W.T.), Dublin Bajr, Cove (CCS. ), Roundstone (W.M*C),
Killeries (W.T.).

32

DUBLIN NATUKAL HISTOKY SOCIETY.

—

Rare ; Bray, 25 fathoms.
Belfast (W.T.), Malaliide (Dr. Lloyd), Cove (C.C. S.), Dingle ("W.

Eurynome aspera.

Andrews), lloundstone (W. M'C).
Pilumnua hirtellus.
A fineRare occasionally washed ashore.
specimen thus obtained on North Bull by V. W. Macnally, Esq., 1856
South Bull, 1857. Dalkey, rock-pools.
Carnlough, Antrim (0. C), Dublin Bay, Youghal (W.T.), Courtmacsherry (Professor G. J. Allman), Lahinch (W. T.), Roundstone (W.

—

;

;

M*C.).

—

Portumnus variegatus. Merrion strand, common after easterly gales.
Portrush (W. T.), Dublin Bay (omitted in southern lists). Roundstone (W. M'C), Killala Bay (W. T.).
Pinnotheres pisum.
Common in Mytili and Modioli from deep
water.
Belfast (W. T.), Dublin, Cove (J. V. T.), Galway (Prof. MelviUe).

——

Rare. Merrion, under stones, 1854, young
Atelecyclus heterodon.
specimens.
Co. Donegal (0. C), Poi-tmamock (R. B.), Dublin, Dingle (Wm.

Andrews, Esq.).

—

Corystes Cassivelaunus.
Sandy beaches after gales ; common.
Belfast (W. T.), Dublin, Cork (C. C. S.), Dingle Bay, 25 fathoms (W.

Andrews, Esq.), Roundstone (W. M'C).

The remainder of the species to be noted appear to have been neglected.

Information regarding their distribution is much wanted.

—

Pagurus Bernha/rdus, ybx. Ehlanensis (mihi); (? species). Dalkey,
15-30 fathoms; Bray, 25 fathoms.
P, Prideauxii (?). "What appears to be this species occurs, thoughrarely, along with P. Bernhardus, in whelk-pots at Dalkey and Bray;
also drift- weed, Merrion strand, in shells of Buccinum undatum, Fusua
propinquus and islandicus, Trochus magus &c.
Strangford Lough (W. T.), Dublin Bay.
P. Cuanensis.
Dalkey Sound, 10-15 fathoms, rare; Bray, 15-30
fathoms, much more common. Shells in which it occurs coated with

—

^

—

Halichondria suherea ?
Portaferry (W. T.), Cork, as P. erinaeeus* (J.V. T.), Dublin, Galway(Prof. Melville).

P. Hyndmanni.
strand, very rare

—Dalkey Sound, common Bray,

Merrionditto
Occurs generally in clean;(W. V. Macnally, Esq.).

;shells of Trochus tumidus and Montagui and Nassa incrassata.

In spawn

in February.

Portaferry (W. T.), Dublin Bay.

P. Thompsoni.
March.

— Samelocalities as last ;much rarer.

In spawn in

Belfast (W. T.), DubHn.
* The
specimen thus marked is in the collection of the Royal Dublin Society
It is too much damaged to judge of its idenfity.
W. Thompson pronounced it
identical with the species described by him as above.

DUBLIN NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY.

—

88

Oalaihea atrigosa Dalkey, whelk-pots rare.
Belfast (0. C), Dublin Bay, Cork (J. V. T.), Giant's Causeway(W.T.).
G, nexa,—Merrion;strand,1854;

a single specimen, Bray.
a most puzzling species.

Antrim (W. T.), Dublin (Robert Ball);

Porcellana lonpeomis, var. priocheles (mihi) (? species).

Sound; Hush.

— Dalkey—

Dublin Bay.
Neph/rop8 Norvegicus,
Belfast (W. T.), Dublin Bay, Galway, Roundstone (W. M'C).
Crangon vulgaris. In pools ; small in size. Merrion strand, Mala-—

In spawn in February.
hide. Bray.
Belfast (W. T.), Dublin, Youghal (W. T.), Galway, 1857.

——25 fathoms, Bray, rare.
C. 8culptu8.
Dublin, South Isle of Arran (Prof. Melville).
Of this species, hitherto unnoticed as Irish, there are
C. trisptnosva.
specimens among a number of minute Crustacea, obtained by Dr. Balland Prof. E. Forbes, off the Skerries, in 5 fathoms of water, in 1845.
O. Allmanni {mihi).
Spawns in February.
^Bray, 25 fathoms.

——

Hippolyte varians. Dalkey Sound, Bray, Merrion strand, in driftweed, rare.
Belfast (W. T.), Dublin, Cork (C. C. S.), west coast, 84 fathoms (W.

Andrews, Esq.), Clew Bay (W. T.).
H. Cranchii. With last, than which it appears more common; somespecimens have the apex of the rostrum simple (? species).
Dublin, Cork (C. C. S. and J. V. T.), Galway (Pro£ Melville).

—

H. Thompsoni.

—Same
—

localities as last ; rare.

North-west coast (W. T.), Dublin.
Pandalus annulicornis. Very common in rock-pools, and every depth
to 30 fathoms.
Co. Down (W. T.), Dublin, Ardmore, Tiraght Rock, west coast,
84 fathoms (W. Andrews, Esq.), Galway, 1857, Killeries (W. T.).
Palcemon va/riam. Apparently rare, but probably only unnoticed.
Merrion strand, in sand-pools.

—^

Belfast (W. T.), Dublin.

Mysia chatnaleon.
5 fathoms Dalkey.

—Merrionstrand, on drift-weed, rare.

Malahide,;Belfast (W. T.), Dublin, Cork (J. Y. T.), West Coast (W. T.).
M. vulgaria. Merrion strand, pools, abundant—Belfast (W. T.), Dublin, Cork (J. V. T.), Lahinch (W. T.).

From this list it appears that the Crustacea are fully as well represented on the eastern as on the western shores. Want of sufficiently detailed observations prevent any more particular conclusions being drawn;
but, though I have omitted one or two species, such as Ebalia Pennantii
and Cranchii Crangon faaciatua, Palcemon Leachii, &c., of which Dublin
specimens are extant, the list is a fair average one of the district, andexhibits the remarkable absence of the South British and Southern types,
and a great predominance of Celtic and European, just as might be exf

34

DUBLIN VATUBAL H18T0EY SOCIETY.

pected from the position of Dublin, half-way between Ardglass Head andCamsore Point, between which two points the true eastern marine districtof Ireland lies, the great southern province prevailing below the latter
The new Crangon most probably belongs to either the Celtic orpoint.
British types, as otherwise the absence from British lists of this conspicuous species is not very creditable to the observative powers of ourcollectors.

Numerous examples of theseveral species describedillustrated

these remarks.

Rev. Professor Haughton corroborated from observation Dr. Kinahan'ssurmise with regard to Camsore Point. The shells to the south are very
distinct in their types, from those occurring even a very short distancenorth of this point.

Dr. William Frazek next submitted the following, as the result of
his investigations regarding the Fungi presented at the former meetingby G. V. Du Noyer, Esq., from Major O'Connor, and which he had beenrequested to examine and report on.

EEMAEKS UPON SPECIMENS OF FUNGI, OBTAINED ADHEEING TO OIJ) TREESUNDER A BOG NEAE TBALEE.

These specimens of fangi were, I understand, obtained adhering to oaktimber which lay upon gravelly clay, and was covered by about thirteen
feet of bog.

"

a class of fungi chaThey are evidently specimens of Polypori,"'*
subrotund pores separated
racterized by the presence of innumerable
by their dissepiments, and having the hymenium concrete with the substance of the pileus;" and I have also no difficulty in referring them to thesecond subdivision of this class, namely, those furnished with minute,subrotund (not angular), pores. That they were "stemless and perennial,'*numerous layers of growth, the results of successive seasons ofThus, out of forty-five species ofdevelopment, amply demonstrated.
Polyporus described in the Flora Britannica, I am restricted to about
thirteen, to which only do these specimens present any analogy, and ofthese I have little difficulty in deciding that they most closely resemble
P. igniariLs, or the hard Amadou, of which I exhibit a specimen which
had been growing for some years past on an old decaying plum tree, andalthough at first sight it appears to be very different in external form
from the specimens from Tralee, I am pretty certain, at least, as to theirclose relationship. The difference between them in form is easily explainedby the mode of attachment and development in both cases. The recent
ones adhering to a great trunk, and creeping along its side in successive
waves of growth; and the older ones closely resembling in shape a
their

"

horse-hoof," to which Mr. Berkely compares them, and which wasprobably due to their more erect growth on a fallen log of timber. The
detection of undoubted remains of fungi in a semi-focsilized state is, I
believe, extremely rare, and I am disposed to think that the fact is, as
has been stated by Lindley, not to be so much attributed to their positive