
J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
FG' hNo. +*+, p. /301 ,**/



G.I. Taylor 
*ῌ**
Reviewing classical studies in soil physics“Dispersion of Soluble Matter in Solvent Flowing Slowly through a Tube.”By G.I. Taylor
Proc. Roy. Soc. Ser. A,+3, No. ++-1, +20ῌ,*- (+3/-)
Munehide ISHIGURO and Nobuo TORIDE+

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Taylor 8DEF

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8XY )9B *Z+,B[\9]^-.8/C_68+: C`

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ZB348Rhij>i_68MF,   Taylor Taylor  Fig. + 5^-.8 $H

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C Taylor   Ncf[ 68A~ 3I¯1F]^ =` {|j=>* °±;²³ ´a µ1**ῌ2/-* °±¶bc! -ῌ+ῌ+** ·;d'¸¹a µ/+.ῌ2/*1 b¶ºef»f +/11 : #) #() 7 67 7#)3g¼

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60

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Taylor WX`abcd efWX A Fghi# d jk E lmnF oO
p<q N Frs9OnFWXY 9 o!d $%n& 1 E Fngh ot[Ouv !d Taylor +3/-, Figure ,

Taylor’s experimental setup. Initially pure water is supplied in the tube A. A coloredsolution is poured into the bottle E, and introduced into the tube by adjusting withcock N. In case of rectangular step solute input pure water is introduced into thebottle B after the solute. (Taylor +3/-, Figure ,)ῌῌ,Fig. ,

P8 9#'(w3DEd A, 1:;<=&  A- 1$%&WXz + mm
{| +./ }~d Taylor +3/-, Figure -xydMeasured solute concentration distributions at faster velocity. The result A,
is for a step input and the result A- is for a rectangular step input. The tube
diameter is + mm. +./ sec. after introduction. (Taylor +3/-, Figure -)Fig. 3  A, x* 

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61

ῌῌ-ghijRST:UVW4XYZ[\JK !
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Fig. -

Measured solute concentration distribution
at slower velocity with a step input. The
tube diameter is *./*. mm. +21 min. after introduction. (Taylor +3/-, Figure .)PQRST:UVW4XYZ[\JK !"] ./M *./*. mm WT^_#$ῌ] ,3 ` ῍] ,3a-0 ` ῎] ,3a-0a/./ `Rb] cB < =d
FYZ῎3e f[ !"] Taylor +3/-, Figure 2

Measured solute concentration distribution at slower velocity with a rectangular step
input. The tube diameter is *./*. mm. ῌ. ,3 min. after introduction, ῍. ,3a-0 min after
introduction, and ῎. ,3a-0a/./ min. after introduction. Broken line shows the predicteddistribution for ῎ when molecular di#usion is neglected. (Taylor +3/-, Figure 2)   Fig. /45678 Fig. 0 9:; r 78 )< =   !"#>?:@ A Taylor BCDE;45F  G$%&'(")*+,- ./0123

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++,* 1=NO* + mm Taylor +3/-, Figure /Fig. /

Measured solute concentration distributions shown by the relative distance which isstandardized by mean ﬂow distance x῍u*t/,. ῎ after ++,,*s, ῏ after ,.*s, ῌafter +,s,῎ after .s, ῐ after +./s. The tube diameter is *./*. mm. For the result at ++,*s thediameter is + mm. (Taylor +3/-, Figure /)ῑῌ0Fig. 0'=>?  PQRp@DM ]^_bcd)Movement of solute molecules (῎) only with convection. That in the center of the tube
ﬂows fastest. The ﬂow becomes slower when it is closer to the tube wall.

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63 

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-+ 

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Fig. 1

When the ﬂow is slower, solute molecules () change to neighbor streamlines ()of di#erent velocities with molecular di#usion of r direction randomly.

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Solute spread only with convection. Initial solute mass with width X
spreads and takes parabolic shape after time t.

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Batchelor, G.K. (+31/) : An unﬁnished dialogue with

( , )* +Valocchi, +32/ ; , ,**/

G.I. Taylor, J. Fluid Mechanics, 1* (.) : 0,/῏0-2.

-! Taylor .!/012#3'

Bear, J. (+31,) : Dynamics of ﬂuids in porous media,

456789*:; +Iwata

Dover, New York, /13῏00-.

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pans of paddy ﬁelds : +. E#ect of vertical tubular

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Iwata, S. and Ishiguro, M. (+33*) : Characteristics of"#% 6_$`WO: , absolute transport under unsaturated conditions,

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Transactions, American GeoPhysical Union, 1+,j*k + lmZ3n89oL'
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Jury, W.A. and Horton, R. (,**.) : Soil physics, 0th ed.,() Taylor % t*uvwx9y+z{

pp. ,,/῏,01, Jhon Wiely & Sons, New York.

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medium, J. Fluid Mechanics, 0 (-) : -,+῏-.3.

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