The Japanese Journal of American Studies, No. 9 (1998)

English-Language Works by JAAS Members
1996
The following citations and abstracts introduce recent publications and dissertations, written in English by the members of the Japanese Association for
American Studies, on topics related to American Studies. The works are listed in the order of articles in journals, articles in books, books, and dissertations.

ARTICLES IN JOURNALS
Anami, Haruya. “Foreign Policy Decision Making Style of the Clinton
Administration: A Theoretical Analysis.” Journal of the Faculty of ForeignStudies: Area and International Studies Edition (Aichi PrefecturalUniversity) 28 (1996): 1–28.
This paper analyses and evaluates the Clinton administration’s foreign policy decision
making style through the “Personality-effect model” and “triangular model.” Theanalysis reveals that the Clinton administration has lacked a clear focus in foreign
policy making, thereby creating an image that American foreign policy has been ﬁlledwith inconsistencies and reversals. However, the lack of consistency in foreign policy
cannot be solely ascribed to the administration’s decision making style, because not
only the administration but also the entire general public has fallen into the attitude of“selective interventionism.”

Fujihira, Ikuko. “Temple Drake’s Mimicry — Father’s Language/Sister’sLanguage.” Etudes Faulkneriennes (Rennes, France: Foundation Faulkner) 1(1996): 107–14.
This paper shows how “social dialect” in Bakhtin’s terminology affects Temple Drakein Faulkner’s Sanctuary. Temple cannot recover from hysteria as long as she isentombed in the Father’s language which she mimics like a parrot. In Requiem for aNun, she ﬁnds, in her talks with Nancy, the Sister’s Language which can ﬁght andchallenge patriarchal structures.

171

172

ENGLISH-LANGUAGE WORKS IN 1996

Iino, Masako. “International Relations and Japanese Canadians: As Compared with the Case of Japanese Americans.” Canada and Japan in the PaciﬁcRim Area: Focusing on the Economic and Cultural Aspects (Proceedings ofthe First Ritsumeikan-UBC Seminar, Ritsumeikan University) (1996):
103–14.
This paper examines, among the various factors which have contributed to the changeof the status of Japanese Canadians in Canadian society, one that the Japanese
Canadian themselves have not been able to control, namely the relations between
Canada and Japan. It tries to see how international relations have differently affected
Japanese Canadians and Japanese Americans.

Kitagawa Otsuru, Chieko. “Conceptual Dispute over Political Equality: FromVoting Rights to Equal Representation.” The Japanese Journal of American
Studies 7 (1996): 103–28.
Political equality deﬁned as “one person, one vote” may not mean equal representation
for traditionally discriminated groups like African Americans. This paper analyses theVoting Rights Act Amendment of 1982 which aimed at rectifying intentional underrepresentation of minority groups through Majority-Minority districts, which in turncaused “afﬁrmative discrimination.” Balancing group representation and individual
preferences remains as an unsolved question today.

Kodaira, Takashi. “A Challenge to ‘Fact’: When Did Wolfe Enter Elementary
School ?” The Bulletin of Yokohama City University 47:1 (March 1996):
143–62.
There has been some scholarly disagreement about the date of Thomas Wolfe’s
entrance into school, as reﬂected in my “When Did Wolfe Begin School, 1905 or1906?” (The Thomas Wolfe Review, 13:2 and 15:2). I have since discovered in a “CitySchool Report” in The Asheville Gazette-News (June 8, 1912) that “Tom Wolfe”
entered the ﬁrst grade in September 1906.

Kunishiro, Tadao. “‘So much of life in its meshes!’: Alice Walker’s TheColor Purple and Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God.”
The Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings Journal of Florida Literature (The Marjorie
Kinnan Rawlings Society) 7 (1996): 67–83.
This paper examines the textual bonding of the two works, Alice Walker’s The Color
Purple and Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God, and explores thetwo authors’ attitudes toward and staunch belief in heterosexuality as a source ofwomanhood.

Minohara, Tosh. “The Road to Exclusion: The 1920 California Alien Land
Law and U.S.-Japan Relations.” Kobe University Law Review 30 (1996):
39–73.

ENGLISH-LANGUAGE WORKS IN 1996

173

This article examines the path leading to the enactment of the 1920 California Alien
Land Law within the context of U.S.-Japan relations and the anti-Japanese movementin California. Focus is primarily placed on the various factors that led to the passageof the Land Law, as well on the action taken by both governments in its aftermath in
the form of the Morris-Shidehara Negotiations. Unpublished State Department records
have been utilized to shed more light on how the executive branch of the government
reacted to this one particular episode in the U.S.-Japan immigration dispute.

Murakami, Yoshio. “Three Worlds, One Keynote: An Underlying Scheme ofWalden.” Bulletin of Hokuriku University 20 (1996): 161–68.
There are three worlds in Walden: material, natural, and spiritual. The material, everyday world is included in the natural world; and the natural is in the spiritual, eternalworld. If only we become aware of this, eternity will ﬂow into our daily life. In thissense the keynote which resounds through the book is “awakening.”

Murakata, Akiko. “Fenollosa and Spain.” LOTUS (The Fenollosa Society ofJapan) 16 (March, 1996): 81–93.
This is a revised version of the main part of a paper read at the opening session of thefourth international symposium on the economy and culture of Japan: “Japon yOccidente. Encuentro de Culturas, Pasado y Presente” held at the Facultad deGeograﬁa e Historia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid on 2 November 1995. The
article introduces the Spanish-American teacher-scholar’s life and work from the perspective of the history of Spanish-Japanese relations.

Nakano, Satoshi. “U.S. Philippine Policy and the Interpretation of National
Interest: The FDR Administration and the Philippine Question, 1935–42.”
The Journal of American Studies (The American Studies Association ofKorea) 28:2 (Winter 1996): 475–502.
This essay examines the background of American ofﬁcials’ judgments on thePhilippine affairs during the prewar Commonwealth period (1935–42), and tries to
examine an aspect of Asian-American relations in which the U.S. decision was often
made by those who were not familiar with, even not interested in, the countriesinvolved.

Ochiai, Akiko. “African American Agrarianism in the Sea Islands during theEarly Reconstruction (1) The Port Royal Experiment.” Journal of CulturalScience (Kobe University of Commerce) 32:2 (December 1996): 197–248.
This paper is the ﬁrst of three chapters which will analyze how emancipated AfricanAmericans tried to give meaning to their newly-gained freedom, focusing on theirefforts to own lands in lowcountry South Carolina during the early Reconstruction
period (1861–1866). The paper deals with the Federal occupation of the Sea Islands
and the tentative reorganization of plantation farming under the Port RoyalExperiment.

174

ENGLISH-LANGUAGE WORKS IN 1996

Okawara, Mami Hiraike. “The Amish and Health.” The Journal of Takasaki
City University of Economics 39:1 (June 1996): 163–73.
This article presents the health situation of the Amish in Wisconsin in terms of childbirth and immunization. Amish who have formed isolated communities like the one in
Wisconsin suffer health problems due to their lack of knowledge of preventive healthcare.

Sasaki, Megumi. “EL Inmigrante Latino: The Anti-Immigrant Movement inCalifornia.” OIU Journal of International Studies (Osaka InternationalUniversity) 8:3 (March 1996) 49–64.
Proposition 187, which was adopted in the mid-term California elections of fall 1994,
barred illegal immigrants, mainly Latinos, from receiving education, welfare, or healthcare service. The paper analyzes the process whereby the Prop. was approved, as wellas the reaction of Latinos to it.

Tatsumi, Takayuki. “Full Metal Apache Shinya Tsukamoto’s Tetsuo Diptych:
The Impact of American Narratives upon the Japanese Representation ofCyborgian Identity.” The Japanese Journal of American Studies 7 (1996):
25–47.
This article is a transcultural historical reinterpretation of the postwar literary genealogy of the Japanese Apache, whose metallocentric imagination inspired Shinya
Tsukamoto to complete his cyberpunkish ﬁlm Tetsuo Diptych (1989–1992). In orderto fully understand this masterpiece, it is necessary for us to have in mind not simply
American Apache movies but also Japanese Apache ﬁctions including Ken Kaiko’s
Nippon Sanmon Opera (1959), Sakyo Komatsu’s Nippon Apacchi-Zoku (1964), andYang Sok II’s Yoru o Kakete (1994).

Tatsumi, Takayuki. “Deep North Gothic: A Comparative Cultural Reading ofHearn, Yanagita, and Akutagawa.” Geibun-Kenkyu (Keio University’s Society for Arts and Letters) 71 (December 1996): 80–103.
In 1910, Kunio Yanagita, the father of Japanese nativist ethnology, published TonoMonogatari, a collection of superstitious tales culled from the town of Tono in the
deep north of Japan. The paper argues that without his precursor Lafcadio Hearn’s
Voodoo experience in New Orleans, a representative Creole city in the deep south ofAmerica ﬁlled with zombies, Yanagita could not have so vividly characterized imaginary creatures indigenous to Tono, which in turn deeply affected other talented writers
and artists like Ryunosuke Akutagawa, Jugi Hisama, Tetsutaro Murano, and TatsuyaIshii.

Yamamoto, Hidemasa. “The Rejection of Japanese Immigrants: The
Hawaiian Government’s Rationale.” The Journal of Paciﬁc Asia (The Committee for Research on Paciﬁc Asia) 3 (1996): 33–60.
In 1897, over one thousand emigrants from Japan were denied entry to Honolulu harbor. This paper aims to illuminate the background of this incident as well as the entire
course of events and the ensuing negotiations between the Hawaiian and the Japanese
governments by examining their diplomatic correspondence.

ENGLISH-LANGUAGE WORKS IN 1996

175

Yamashita, Noboru. “Garrulity and Reticence: The Contrastive Structure ofSanctuary.” Soai Daigaku Kenkyu Ronshu (Soai University) 13:1 (October1996): 77–93.
This paper attempts to illuminate a contrastive structure in William Faulkner’s
Sanctuary (1931). Major places in the novel stand in contrast: Memphis, for instance,
is presented as a degraded city while Jefferson is presented as an exclusive community. Main characters, like Gavin Stevens and Temple Drake, are also contrasted.
Despite their differences the places and characters have many things in common,claiming the theme that there is no sanctuary on earth.

Yanaka, Hisako. “African American-Japanese Relations: A Case Study ofJapanese Direct Investment.” Proceedings of the American Historical
Association, (University Microﬁlms) Reference #10485 (1996).
This article is based on a presentation at a session held at the 1996 annual meeting of
the American Historical Association. In an attempt to illuminate the relationshipbetween African Americans and Japanese corporations in Georgia, the article shows
how Japanese companies have established economic, social and cultural ties withAfrican Americans in Georgia.

Yorifuji, Michio. “A Study of William Faulkner and Nagano.” Tsuru Studies
in English Linguistics and Literature (Tsuru University) 24 (March 1996):
23–31.
This paper is a study of the relation between William Faulkner and Nagano City. It
chieﬂy examines the signiﬁcance of the relationship in Faulkner’s literature by mentioning his visit to Nagano in 1955 and Mr. Fumio Sasaki, Faulkner’s interpreter, aswell as Prof. James Meriwether, a famous Faulkner scholar.

ARTICLES IN BOOKS
Hirata, Yoshihiko. “Characteristics of the East Asian Economic ‘Integration’:Is the East Asian Trading Bloc Emerging?” In Asia-Paciﬁc Economic
Cooperation: Theory and Practice (Research in Asian Economic Studies, 7)
97–114, edited by Richard Hooley, et al. Greenwich, Conn.: Jai Press, 1996.
Over the last decade East Asian economies have been integrated as a result of growing
intra-regional trade and direct investment. However, East Asian economic integration
cannot be characterized as an emerging trade bloc, mainly because strong trade andinvestment links have been established between East Asia and other regions, particularly the United States.

176

ENGLISH-LANGUAGE WORKS IN 1996

Kodama, Sanehide and Ken Inoue. “Postmodernism in Japan.” In International Postmodernism: Theory and Practice, 511–15, edited by DouweFokkema. Amsterdam: John Benjamin, 1997.
The unique development of Japanese postmodern literature as affected by Europeanand American inﬂuences is historically traced in this essay. The book is an attempt to
redeﬁne postmodernism from an international perspective with contributors fromabout 40 universities throughout the world, mostly members of the International
Comparative Literature Association.

Kohno, Tetsu. “Japan after the Holocaust.” In The World Reacts to theHolocaust, 573–95, edited by David S. Wyman. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins
University Press, 1996.
The book deals with such topics as the sediments of wartime anti-Semitism,
Auschwitz resonant with Nanjing and Hiroshima, arguments for and against theEichmann trial, debates on the Pope’s silence during the Holocaust, and responses tothe Arab-Israeli conﬂict and the Uno phenomenon.

Murakara, Akiko. “Yugiri O Kyaku San (The Guest Who leaves with theTwilight): The Fenollosas and Lafcadio Hearn.” In Centennial Essays on
Lafcadio Hearn, 189–208, edited by Kenji Zenimoto. Matsue, Shimane: TheHearn Society, 1996.
This article is a revised version of the paper read at the international session of theHearn Society’s centennial conference held to commemorate Hearn’s arrival in Japanon 31 August, 1890. It attempts to reconstruct the hermit author’s friendship withErnest and Mary Fenollosa in ﬁn-de-siècle Tokyo through their correspondence andMrs. Fenollosa’s unpublished journals.

Yanaka, Hisako. “Building Bridges Between Young Japanese and AfricanAmericans.” In Perspectives on Contemporary Issues: Readings from theDisciplines, 372–78, edited by Kathy Ackley. Fort Worth, Tex.: HarcourtBrace, 1996.
This article is based on a presentation at a panel discussion on strengthening U.S.Japan relationship, held at Howard University in 1995. It maintains that lack of knowledge about each other among Japanese and African Americans prevents mutual understanding and argues that educating the next generation without bias or prejudice is
crucial to strengthen U.S.-Japan relationship.

Yoshii, Chiyo. “Henry James and Oscar Wilde: Artists in the World of theMass Market.” In Aspects of Language and Culture: Essays Presented toProfessor Hiroyuki Okuda on the Occasion of His Retirement from Osaka
University, 325–36, edited by Yutaka Senba and Yukiteru Hosoya. Tokyo:Eihosha, 1996.

ENGLISH-LANGUAGE WORKS IN 1996

177

This essay shows that while Henry James was able to present a vivid and convincing
picture of early American capitalist society in his memoir, he was unable to negotiate
successfully with the newly expanding literary marketplace in practice. In this respect,James stands in marked contrast with Oscar Wilde, who was able to take thoroughly
advantage of the taste of reading and theatre-going public.

BOOKS
Saito, Noboru. The Literary Pilgrimage of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Tokyo:
Bunkashobo-Hakubunsha, 1996.
The book mainly tries to illuminate the importance of Hawthorne’s experience inEngland in understanding several of his last works. The last chapter deals with
Hawthorne’s introduction to Japan by tracing and analyzing various materials on
Hawthorne.

DISSERTAIONSMasui, Shitsuyo. “Reading Hawthorne in the Context of the American
Popular Religion.” Ph.D. dissertation, Boston University, 1996.
This study reads the work of Nathaniel Hawthorne in the context of popular religious
practices from seventeenth to nineteenth-century America. Through sustained analysisof the religious themes of three major works—The Scarlet Letter, The House of theSeven Gables, and The Blithedale Romance—the study shows how traditional supernatural belief as well as contemporary pseudoscientiﬁc practices helped to shape
Hawthorne’s ﬁctional imagination. The populist impulse was especially strong in antebellum culture, and had a crucial inﬂuence on Hawthorne. It argues that Hawthorne’stexts owe their textual richness to the language of wonders provided by popular religion in America.

Shinohara, Hatsue. “Forgotten Crusade: The Quest for a New InternationalLaw.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Chicago, 1996.
Focusing on academic discussions in America, Japan, and Europe, this study traces thedevelopment of contrasting views of international law during the interwar period. By
illustrating the connection between policy makers and these discussions, the different
attitudes toward international law are examined to show how they served as theoretical foundation for diplomatic confrontation among countries.

178

ENGLISH-LANGUAGE WORKS IN 1996

Sugiyama, Shigeru. “Reluctant Neighbors: U.S.-Mexican Relations and theFailure of Cardenista Reforms, 1934–1948.” Ph.D. dissertation, University ofCalifornia, Santa Barbara, 1996.
This dissertation examines interactions between Mexico’s reformist politics such as
land reform, oil nationalization of 1938, and industrialization, and U.S. economic policies such as silver purchases and governmental loans for Mexico’s industrial development. The two nations failed to ﬁnd a way to formulate policies to make Mexico a
more equal society, which led to the peso devaluation of 1948.