Establishinｇ a Database on Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors Meeting Report : Annex7

Emission factors forGHGs from small
scale combustion
R UmaDeveloping Countries - Small-Scale
Combustion Devices- Why is thisimportant to GCC?
! 20-50% of total GHGs from biomassburning! Numerous small scale combustion
devices in developing countries! Significant due to PIC! High level of uncertainty

1Establishinｇ a Database on Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors Meeting Report : Annex7

US-EPA Study
East West Center
Hawaii, USA
Dr Kirk R Smith
Dr Jim Zhang
Indian team
Chineese TeamTeriTsinghua University
VVN Kishore, R Uma
Dr Ma & TeamK Lata, V joshi

OGISTUSADr Khalil
Dr Rasmussen

Objectives! Develop a common protocol! Emission factor estimation! Fuel use estimation! Greenhouse gas inventory forcookstoves in India

2

Establishinｇ a Database on Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors Meeting Report : Annex7

Experimental design• 28 stove fuel combinations• In each stove fuel combination
three experiments• In each experiment fluegas
and indoor sampling• Ambient measurement whenno stove was burnt

Stove fuel combination
FuelCCCBFw 1Fw 2CR 1CR 2DCStoveAng TM IU IV1 IV2 3R Hara✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔

CR23

Establishinｇ a Database on Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors Meeting Report : Annex7

Experimental setup• Experiments conducted in
Simulated Rural Kitchen atTeri’s campus in India• Tested under hoodarrangement• Two types of stoves - Stove
with flue and with out flue
• Height of the hood wasadjusted to collect all fluegas

Parameters measured• Airborne parameters - CO2, CO,CH4, TNMHC, TSP, SO2 and NO2• Fuel parameters - calorificvalue, moisture content, C, H2,N2, S and ash• Ash and char analysis calorific value, C, H2, N, S andash4

Establishinｇ a Database on Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors Meeting Report : Annex7

Quality Assurance• Trial runs before plannedexperiments• Results from the replicateswere <20% RSD• Inter laboratory check• Comparison of local GC
analysis with OGIST• Results from teri & OGIST werein good agreement

Carbon balance model• CO+CH4+TNMOC+CO2+AC =FC• 1= (FC/CO2) - K• CO2 (as g C ) = FC/(1+K)• CO2 (as g CO2)= CO2 as g C ×
3.67• CO (as g C) = CO/CO2 × CO2 asC• CO (as CO) = CO as g C × 2.3

5

Establishinｇ a Database on Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors Meeting Report : Annex7Emission factors• CO emission factor is high forcharcoal (276 g/Kg) and lowfor biogas• CO emission factor varies from15 - 85 g/kg
• High emission factor for
improved stoves• wood emission factor is lower
than dung and crop residues

Conclusion• New comprehensive databaseof emission factor• National Inventory can berevised by the new emission
factors• Biomass cycles are not ghg
neutral due to PIC• Energy efficient technology canreduce the emission

6

Establishinｇ a Database on Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors Meeting Report : Annex7

Developing Countries - Small-Scale
Combustion Devices Accomplishments• Have field tested the various stove/fuel combinations in
use in India, China,,and the Philippines• In Thailand, Kenya, and Brazilwe have conductedmeasurements of charcoal kilns• This is the most definitive research to date of this type:– Results will be the single most credible, up to date ,coherent, complete methodology and data set that will
establish baseline emissions and serve as a strong
technical basis for evaluating potential policy options.
– Many of the measurements were quite difficult
particularly for N20; QA/QC indicate high quality data
even though all sampling occurred in developing
countries and often under difficult circumstances.

7