India and Climate Change

IEEJ：December 2015, All Rights Reserved.

Saurabh Kumar
18th November 2015
IEEJ, TokyoIEEJ：December 2015, All Rights Reserved.

AGENDA India’s position on Climate Change

 Challenges that India face – Climate Change India’s INDCs India’s Action Plan Common Areas of Interest – Japan and India

IEEJ：December 2015, All Rights Reserved.

India’s position on Climate Change Addressing climate change is a national priority for India, and the country has voluntarily taken
responsibility to respond to this challenge India is reducing its emissions intensity through voluntary domestic mitigation and adaptation efforts –12% reduction in emission intensity of GDP between 2005 and 2010

 Country has taken large-scale initiatives to enhance energy efficiency and has also introduced
mechanisms for monitoring air quality and pollution growth Stronger commitments are made to increase the composition of non-fossil fuel in the total installedcapacity to 40% by 2030

 India’s efforts towards addressing climate change, and those of other developing nations, need to becarefully weighed and balanced against development ambitions
 Developed countries need to support developing countries in combatting climate change in accordancewith the principle of common but differentiated responsibility (CBDR) and respective capability A durable, comprehensive, balanced, equitable, and pragmatic agreement that encourages countries tocommit to climate change action, and to maintain increasingly ambitious targets towards emissions
reduction, is necessary and will be key to achievable and sustainable progress India is ready to offer its support to achieve consensus on climate change

IEEJ：December 2015, All Rights Reserved.

Challenges that India faces India houses the largest proportion of global poor (30%, 363 million people), around 24% of the
global population without access to electricity (304 million), about 30% of the global population
relying on solid biomass for cooking and 92 million without access to safe drinking water 48% of households lack basic socioeconomic services and are categorized as deprived in a recent
national socio-economic census.

 The average annual energy consumption in India in 2011 was only 0.6 tonnes of oil equivalent (toe)per capita as compared to global average of 1.88 toe per capita - no country has achieved HDI of 0.9 ormore without annual energy consumption of 2.5 toe/cap
 It is expected that about 40% of India’s population in 2030 would be urban, as against 30% currently
GDP (Trillion INR at 2004-05 prices)
Population (Million)
Urbanization
Per capita GDP (INR at 2004-05 prices)

2005

2010

2030

CAGR
(2005-2030 in %)

32.53

49.19

239.46

8.3%

29%

31%

39 %

1106

29,4051201

40,9531523

1,57,271

1.3%
6.9%

 Electricity prices in India, a fraction of the per capita GDP, are considerably higher than the world
average despite the lower purchasing power of the consumers in the country Goal is to enable high quality of life at 1.5-2 toe/capita - requires accelerated energy efficiency

IEEJ：December 2015, All Rights Reserved.

India’s INDC

India has developed its INDCs in accordance with its existing resources and capabilities
and expeditious international support
 Reducing carbon intensity of its GDP by 33 to 35% from 2005 levels by 2030
 Increasing the share of non fossil fuel based electricity to 40% by 2030

 Accelerating afforestation efforts to create additional carbon sinks of 2.5 to 3 billion
tonnes of CO2 equivalent Making concerted efforts toward adapting to climate change by enhancing
investments in development programmes in various vulnerable sectors, including
agriculture, water resources, forestry, health and disaster management

 Building capacities while adopting and deploying new energy efficient technology, andother technologies to reduce carbon emissions

 Mobilise resources to execute our plans for combatting climate change across sectors

 Adopt and promote low carbon-intensive lifestyles on a mass scale throughsustainable living based on traditions and values of conservation and moderation

India is tackling climate change with large numberof policy initiatives

IEEJ：December 2015, All Rights Reserved.

National Action Plan on Climate Change Eight national missions to integrate multi-pronged, long-term strategies for achieving India’s key goals for climate change

Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission

 Enable deployment of 100,000 MW of solar power by 2022

National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency
 Promote end-use demand side management with strategies and technologies for cost effective and efficient energy use

Clean India Mission, aka Swachh Bharat Abhiyan National campaign covering 4041 statutory towns to clean India’s streets, roads and infrastructure

National Mission for Clean Ganga

 Coordinated effort to clean the Ganga River Basin, India’s largest river

Expert Group on Low Carbon Strategies for Inclusive Growth Outlined India’s plan for reducing emissions intensity by 20-25% between 2005 and 2020

National Mission for a Green India

 Develop adaptation and mitigation measures to enhance carbon sinks in sustainably-managed forest and ecosystems

National Clean Energy Fund

 Financed 46 innovative projects and research with USD 2 billion to promote clean energy initiatives

Energy efficiency measures

 It has already avoided over 44 million tonnes of CO2 emissions and installed over 2300 MW on and off grid solar capacity

IEEJ：December 2015, All Rights Reserved.

Adaptation Measures Lifestyle changes

 National Action Plan on Climate Change Sustainable habitats
 Optimising water use efficiency
 Creating ecologically sustainable climate resilient agricultural production systems
 Safeguarding the Himalayan glaciers and mountain ecosystem

 State Action Plans on Climate Change – 32 states and UTs

 National schemes to promote organic farming, efficient irrigation systems,
watershed management, improving soil health and climate resilientagriculture Creation of a National Adaptation FundIEEJ：December 2015, All Rights Reserved.

Common Areas of Interest – Japan and India

 Low Emission Coal Technologies and Coal Financing

 Identification and information sharing of Best Available Technology (BAT) Options and Best Practices(BP) All new, large coal-based generating stations in India have been mandated to use the highly efficient supercritical technology
 Learning from successful JV examples will provide valuable inputs to the two governments in designing enabling
price/financial/regulatory incentives that foster private investment

 Energy Efficiency

 Government of India has taken several regulatory, policy and market mechanisms to capture the energy efficiency opportunities
across major economic sectors
 India has launched ambitious national programes for replacement of all conventional lighting in domestic and public space withLED bulbs in the next few years leading to energy savings of upto 100 billion kilowatt hours (kWh) annually A conducive regulatory and policy regime in energy conservation, makes it easier for Japanese businesses to invest in India

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“The world has enough foreveryone’s needs, but not foreveryone’s greed”-Mahatma GandhiContact :report@tky.ieej.or.jp