EDITION 2023

Next
Generation
Solutions
THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO THE
SUSTAINABILITY FOCUS AREASNextGeneration
Solutions
THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO THE
SUSTAINABILITY FOCUS AREAS

2_
3

The intention of this brochure is to provide more detailed

so-called ”avoided emissions“ for the year 20231. Their

information on selected products and solutions with aassociated environmental or social impact will be detailed

clearly positive sustainability profile, i.e. our Evonik Next

paying special attention to their contribution to one of theGeneration Solutions (NGSs). Special attention is paid tofour sustainability focus areas if credible quantification data

the contribution of these NGSs to the four Sustainability

is available.

Focus Areas (SFAs) – that bundle our contributions to asustainable transformation – and describe their sustain-

Where possible, a quantitative estimation of the handprint

ability benefits (also referred to as their handprint).

is given. Due to the profound interest in quantitative andprecise information on handprints in some value chains

After introducing the SFAs and the Evonik Portfolio

and good data availability, several examples from auto-

Sustainability Assessment (PSA) methodology, the hand-motive and food applications are described in this brochure.

AVOIDED EMISSIONS THROUGH THE USE OF SELECTED EVONIK PRODUCTS:

print evaluation of some NGSs is detailed.
The handprint of selected NGSs will be described including
the report of the greenhouse gas emission reductions –1

Since 2022, ”avoided emissions“ are reported in the Next Generation Solutions brochure Cf.
https://corporate.evonik.com/de/nachhaltigkeit

48.2

378

million tons CO2e

kt ressources

quantified

quantified

Content

49
06

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5

Evonik’s four
Sustainability Focus Areas(SFAs)

10

1.1 Fight Climate Change

11

1.2 Drive Circularity

12

1.3 Safeguard Ecosystems

13

1.4 Ensure Health & Wellbeing

10
14

12

16
19

Evonik sustainability analysis
2.1 Methodology		
2.2 Contribution of PARCs to SFAs

20

Handprint of selected Evonik’s
Next Generation Solutions (NGS)
for the four Sustainability Focus
Areas

23

3.1 Methodology and results of the 2023 handprint evaluation25

3.2 Selected Next Generation Solutions for handprint evaluation

Evonik’sfour Sustainability
Focus Areas

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7

1

FIGHT CLIMATE CHANGE• Reduce Scope 1 and 2 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions• Increase share of circular raw materials2• Reduce Scope 3 GHG emissions• Enable resource reduction by process optimization,• Reduce Scope 1–3 carbon intensity• Reduce specific energy use

Evonik’s four Sustainability
Focus Areas (SFAs)
Our contributions to sustainable transformation are

For each SFA the current state of our impacts, risks andbundled in the four Sustainability Focus Areas (SFAs):

opportunities as well as our next actions and ambitions• Fight Climate Change

are described.

DRIVE CIRCULARITY• Increase share of renewable electricity• Enable avoided emissions (e.g. through advanced materials,
e-mobility, batteries, insulation, advanced construction

enhancing durability or other options for lifetime extension
like reuse, refurbish or repair• Enable or improve materials for recycling(mechanical or chemical)• Ensure biodegradability for dissipative product applications

materials)• Provide solutions for renewable energy (biogas, biofuel,wind, solar), hydrogen, energy storage & distribution• Enable solutions for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)and Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU)• Drive Circularity• Safeguard Ecosystems andIn the Figure 1, a mapping is made between our opportunity• Ensure Health & Wellbeing.

markets and impacts in the 4 Sustainability Focus Areas.

Within each SFA, Evonik is working on reducing its
ecological (and social) footprint and enhancing its
8_
9

SAFEGUARD ECOSYSTEMSENSURE HEALTH & WELLBEING• Establish water stewardship (reducing freshwater intake at• Reduce hazardous emissions

sites and Blue Water Consumption3 in areas with high water• Reduce hazardous solid wasterisks along the value chain.

• Reduce sales with disputed chemicals• Enable water savings in product’s application and water

handprint resulting from product application.

quality improvements.)• Establish ecosystem stewardship with a focus on land use

The following page summarizes our understanding and def-

for bio-based raw materials and proximity of sites toprotected areas.

inition of each SFA, the topics addressed, as well as• Use bio-based raw materials which comply with environ-the relevant United Nations’ Sustainable Development

mental and social sustainability requirements

Goals (SDGs).

• Enabling resource efficient and low pollution animal nutrition• Enable customers to use safe and sustainable chemicals• Enable reduced exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds(low VOC) and microparticulate matter and enable safe
materials• Grow number of patients or vulnerable
consumers reached with health outcomes• Enable medical and pharmaceutical therapies, e.g. drugand vaccine delivery and cell culture based therapies

by reducing eutrophication and acidification• Enabling pollution prevention and control• Enabling waste water prevention and treatment• Reduce emissions and leaching of disputed chemicals,

Figure 1 Mapping between opportunity markets and our impact in the 4 SFAs.

microplastic, and other persistent chemicals

Markets
Renewable energy/transformation

Biogas, biofuel, wind, solar, hydrogen, energy storage/distribution

Energy efficiency & mobility

Advanced materials, e-mobility, batteries

Green building

Insulation, advanced construction materials

Sustainable water/sanitation
Pollution prevention/waste

Low VOC, safe materials
Wastewater prevention & treatment

CCS, CCU

Sustainable consumer goods

Enable recycling

Pollution prevention & control, environmental remediation

Circular carbon-based ingredients

Sustainable agriculture/food

Low VOC, safe materials
Resource efficient, low pollution animal nutrition

Pharma & medical therapies
Impacts

Drug & vaccine delivery,cell-culture based therapy

Fight Climate Change

Drive Circularity

Safeguard Ecosystems

Ensure Health & Wellbeing• Energy efficiency• Emission reduction• Climate adaptation• Circular materials• Reduce, recycle, reuse• Repurpose, repair• Remanufacture, refurbish,
renature• Water & terrestricalecosystems preservation• Reduce emission & leachingof disputed and persistentchemicals• Reduce hazard exposure• Replace disputed chemicals• More effective therapies
2

3

There are three sources for circular feedstock: recycled feedstock (can come from fossil- or bio-based waste), bio-based feedstock,CO2-based feedstock (could be produced using different technologies).
Blue Water Consumption (BWC) refers to surface or groundwater that is either evaporated, incorporated into a product or taken fromone water body and returned to another, or returned at different time.

1.1 FIGHT CLIMATE CHANGESTATUS QUO

1.2 DRIVE CIRCULARITY

FIELDS OF ACTIONS & AMBITIONS• Our science based targets are in line with a ”well below• Update and further evolve project pipeline for CapEx

2°C“ scenario and were approved by SBTI in 2023.

needs, abatement cost, business case assumptions,• Investments to reduce our scope 1&2 emissions by 25%
until 2030 are assessed for technical feasibility, CapEx
needs and OpEx effects.
• Supplier engagement program implemented to reduce

execution status.
• Better understand costs and availability of green
raw materials and engage with our suppliers andcustomers to pass on these costs along the value chain.

procured materials scope 3 emissions. Product Carbon• Intensify efforts to secure renewable electricity.

Footprint guidelines launched within the Together for• Intensify dialogue with our customers andSustainability (TfS) initiative to help suppliers to quantify

partners to avoid emissions along the value chain.

and reduce carbon footprints.
• CDP Climate Change awarded Evonik a grade of AAWARD

in 2023.
• Continuous dialogue with business lines and customers
established to increase the understanding of our productimpacts and to quantify avoided emissions.

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11

< 2°
Our climate targets have been
approved by SBTi in 2023
and are in line with”well below 2° scenario“

CDP Climate Change awarded
Evonik a grade of A- in 2023.

STATUS QUOFIELDS OF ACTIONS & AMBITIONS• Around 12% of Evonik raw materials are bio-based.

• Improve tracking of circular raw materials and• Integration and start of Circular Economy assessment

understanding for best use for alternative source.

framework into PSA in 2023 to analyze early and• Combine increased share of circular raw materials

detailed risks and opportunities for Evonik’s portfolio.
• Continued active contribution in WBCSD on circularity
topics and PSA.

with reliable supply.
• Create sufficient supply chain control (e.g. via partnerships or backintegration) for relevant raw materials.

• In 2023, we expanded the former Global Circular
Plastics Program into the Global Circular Economy
Program. In this way, we are strengthening the development of our business activities in the direction of a circular economy, covering all of Evonik’s business areas.

CIRCULARECONOMYWe are focussing on enabling circularity
with our products and contributing tocircular economy in various value chains.

• Increase share of sales with NGS supporting a Circular
Economy.

1.3 SAFEGUARD ECOSYSTEMS

1.4 ENSURE HEALTH & WELLBEINGSTATUS QUOFIELDS OF ACTIONS & AMBITIONS• Water and biodiversity risks at Evonik sites have been

• Our water stewardship approach comprises raw materi-assessed with the WWF Water and Biodiversity Risk

als and products. To achieve it, we integrate water topics

Filter.

more systematically into business decision making, we• Water and biodiversity have a key relevance in theintensify the dialogue with suppliers on water-related

upstream part of our value chain. Water-intensive raw

topics (e.g. on sourcing regions of purchased raw materials

materials and processes have been identified.

in order to assess potential water scarcity in our supply• Biodiversity impact at our sites is measured using a set ofindicators based on the 5 pressures on biodiversity as
defined by the IPBES (Intergovernmental Science-Policy

chain), and, finally increase transparency on water
issues.5• Biodiversity also needs to gain importance in supplier

Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services)4.

dialogue in relevant value chains. Following the LEAP

• Bio-based and recycled raw materials usually have a

Nature Risk Assessment Approach6, the location ofhigher specific blue water consumption than fossil ones,

upstream operations needs to be identified in order toso a higher share of circular inputs will result in an

define how these activities interface with ecosystems.

increase of blue water consumption. We use our LCA

Dependencies and impacts can then be evaluated for thedata to identify potential risks and help businesses andidentified locations. Finally, material risks and opportuni-

procurement to make the right decisions on the future
raw material supply.

STATUS QUOFIELDS OF ACTIONS & AMBITIONS• We have established a software solution that allows us• Finalization of PSA update integration on SC 1 and 2.

ties can be discussed as well as existing mitigation

to link the product stewardship substance data with

• Update of software that allows us to link the productapproaches.

material data. Information is then consolidated on
product and PARC level.

these changes.

• CDP Water Security awarded Evonik a B in 2023.

• We are developing an approach for evaluating the finan-• Evonik has been an active member of the RSPOcial consequences resulting from our water (and biodi-• In the PSA, signal category 1 (SC 1) uses relevant hazard

versity) risks e.g. due to an increase of water prices orinformation of the PARC together with the risk assess-business disruption due to water scarcity.

ment of exposure and is the base for scoring.

since 2010.

12_• Coherent management of greenhouse gas emissions

13

AWARD
CDP Water Security awarded
Evonik a grade B in 2023.

• Hazard information including anticipated regulatory

reduction and blue water consumption is needed, espe-

trends based on the European Chemicals Strategy forcially for the transition towards circular raw

Sustainability (CSS) is used for portfolio review of risks,materials.
• Some Evonik products enable water savings and/or

opportunities and follow-up actions.
• Active contribution to WBCSD’S PSA update in 2023

enhance biodiversity in their applications. This handprint

with one focus point being signal categories 1 und 2 onwill be further quantified in the near future.

chemical safety. First steps of integration into Evonik’s
method in 2023.
• Our Health Care business is developing effective
medication and treatments for a healthy life thatminimize negative environmental impacts.

Evonik follows a

WATER STEWARDSHIPAPPROACH

to assess its water related risks
and opportunities
along the value chain

4
5
6

The 5 pressures on biodiversity are: land/freshwater and ocean use change, climate change, direct exploitation, pollution and invasive species.
according to the 6 principles defined by the CEO Water Mandate (https://ceowatermandate.org/)
https://framework.tnfd.global/the-leap-nature-risk-assessment-process/stewardship substance data with material data to reflect

HEALTH CARE
Our Health Care business is solutions
provider to the pharmaceutical industry
and contributes to the reduction of theenvironmental of medication and treatments.

• Further work on consistent data structure and evaluationin consideration of future requirements.
• Better understand the health impact of enabling alternatives and more effective pharma therapies.

Evoniksustainability
analysis

14

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2
Evonik sustainability analysis
2.1 METHODOLOGY

C- indicates PARCs that show room for improve-the standards for sustainable business defined byment in meeting the standards for sustainable

Evonik’s stakeholders and our impact. PARCs inbusiness defined by Evonik’s stakeholders and ourand content of the WBCSD Portfolio Sustainability Assess-of the PARC’s sustainability performance, resulting in

the A++ category fully meet the requirements.

impact. They do not yet meet these requirements.

ments (PSA)7. The framework for the sustainability analysis

allocation to the performance category:

They do not show any material negative signals.

Material weak negative signals were identified,Moreover, material strong positive signals havebut no material strong negative ones, for one or

been identified in one or more signal categories.

more signal categories.

A+ (DRIVER)

C-- (CHALLENGED)

A+ indicates PARCs that are at an advanced stage

C-- indicates PARCs that do not satisfactorilyof meeting the standards for sustainable businessapply the standards for sustainable business set by

set by Evonik’s stakeholders and our impact.

Evonik’s stakeholders and our impact. PARCs in

Equal weight is given to all material signals; negative

PARCs in the A+ category meet almost all the

the C-- category do not meet these requirements.

signals are not offset by positive signals.

requirements. They do not show any material

Moreover, they have material strong negative

negative signals. Unlike those in the A++ category,signals in one or more signal categories.

application-region-combination (PARC). PARCs group17

A++ indicates PARCs that take the lead in meeting
The findings are used in a structured overall evaluation

The unit of assessment is defined as a so-called product-_

C- (TRANSITIONER)

Our sustainability analysis is closely based on the principles

comprises the five process steps illustrated on the next page.

16

A++ (LEADER)

combinations of products, applications and regions forwhich sustainability performance ‒ in terms of bothfavorable and unfavorable sustainability signals ‒ is similar.
Sustainability signals relate to material ecological or social

A++ (LEADER)
A+ (DRIVER)
B (PERFORMER)
C- (TRANSITIONER)
C-- (CHALLENGED)

aspects along the value chain, from the supply chain
through production and subsequent use to end of life.
The PSA methodology describes the signal categories(SCs) of specific relevance for the chemical industry:

Together, the categories ”Leader“ and ”Driver“ cover

however, only material weak positive signals were

the Next Generation Solutions. Results of the PSA are

identified for one or more signal categories.

Chemical hazard and exposure

published yearly in the Evonik sustainability report.8

across the life cycle (SC 1)

In 2023, Evonik generates 43% of sales with NGSs.

Global regulatory trends (SC 2)

B (PERFORMER)

Sustainability ambitions in the value chain (SC 3)

Our goal is to make NGSs grow beyond 50% by 2030,

Authoritative ecolabels (SC 4)

through existing NGSs, new sales from innovations, andB indicates PARCs with a neutral position regarding

Sustainability performance comparedfrom exiting ”Challenged“ and ”Transitioner“ product or

meeting the standards for sustainable businessto alternative solutions (SC 5)

replacing them with new formulations.

defined by Evonik’s stakeholders and our impact.
For PARCs in this category, neither material

Evonik follows this approach and evaluates the signal

In the Figure 2, our NGSs are split into the four SFAs andnegative nor material positive signals have been

categories 1 to 5 to determine the sustainability

attributed to our markets according to their sales in 2023.

identified.

performance of our portfolio.

78

https://www.wbcsd.org/Programs/Circular-Economy/Resources/Portfolio-Sustainability-Assessment-v2.0
https://corporate.evonik.com/en/investor-relations/reports/cr-reports

2.2 CONTRIBUTION OF PARCS TO SFAS

Defining
objectives,
scope andprocess

Within the PSA, each PARC is attributed to one of the four

The contribution of the PARC regarding its handprint to

SFAs. This choice is determined by which topic is mostthe SFA is assessed in SC 5 using the following KPIs:

relevant for the product and its application.
Defining
assessment
segments

Detectingmarket signals

Product

8

Application

1

A+

3
6

4
5

Reporting andusing results

A++

2

7
RegionCategorizing
the portfolio

B
CC--

A++

A+

B

C-

C--

FIGHT CLIMATE CHANGE

DRIVE CIRCULARITY• Avoided greenhouse gas emissions (kg CO2e)• Avoided waste (kg)
• Avoided resource used (kg)

18

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19

Figure 2
Sales of NGSs split into the four SFAs and markets.

Markets
Renewable energy/transformation▯▯

Energy efficiency & mobility▯▯

Green building▯▯

Sustainable consumer goods▯

Sustainable agriculture/food▯Pharma & medical therapies
Diverse markets
Impacts▯
Fight Climate Change

▯
▯

▯

▯

▯

▯

▯

▯

▯

▯

▯

▯

▯

▯

▯

▯

▯

▯

Sustainable water/sanitation
Pollution prevention/waste▯

Drive Circularity

Safeguard Ecosystems

Ensure Health & Wellbeing

SAFEGUARD ECOSYSTEMSENSURE HEALTH & WELLBEING• Avoided water consumption (m3) or reducing

Indicators for handprint are still under develop-

water scarcity footprint
Below 50 M€
50 – 200 M€
Above 200 M€

9ment. Those KPIs could describe the following• Avoided land use (ha)effect:• Depending on application, KPIs might still be• Reduce hazard exposure or exposure tounder development:

disputed chemicals (e.g. VOC, microparticulate- reduce marine biodiversity,

matter, disputed chemicals)- reduce eutrophication,• Enabling more efficient therapies- reduce acidification, etc.

9

Water scarcity footprint is a indicator of the water consumed weighted with a local water scarcity index i.e. an index that characterizewater stress for a specific area and time.

Handprint of
selected Evonik’s
Next Generation
SolutionsFIGHT
CLIMATE CHANGE

DRIVE
CIRCULARITY

ENSUREHEALTH & WELLBEING

SAFEGUARDECOSYSTEMS

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3

3.1 METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS OF THE 2023
HANDPRINT EVALUATION

Handprintof selected Evonik’s
Next Generation Solutions(NGSs) for the four
Sustainability Focus Areas

Evonik offers a variety of products having a handprint overapplication. Additionally, the reference solution must be

their life cycle compared to using conventional alternatives.

available on the market, interchangeable for the typicalcustomer in the selected market, and as similar as possible

We have been reporting avoided greenhouse gas emissions

to the emission saving product in terms of data quality,

for selected product applications since 2008 following themethodology, and assumptions. The simplified calculation

chemical sector guidance ”Avoiding Greenhouse Gas Emis-

methodology as mentioned in the ”Avoiding Greenhousesions“ published jointly by the World Business Council for

Gas Emissions“ guidelines is applied, so that identical steps

Sustainable Development (WBCSD) and the Internationaland corresponding emissions over the life cycle for the ref-Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA)10. In 2023, we

erence and Evonik solution are excluded from assessments.

have also extended our avoided emissions approach to an-

This approach has no impact on the final amount of calcu-

other impact category: avoided resource use, that is a rel-lated greenhouse gas emission reductions.

evant topic covered by the SFA Drive Circularity. These
calculations have been verified by an external auditor with-

The selected indicators are first calculated for the specificin the scope of our auditors’ limited assurance engagement

Evonik product application, then for the market reference.

of the sustainability report.

The difference in emissions or impact between the Evoniksolution and the market reference corresponds to the

Our approach and rules for evaluating the handprint of our

handprint (per functional unit). Knowing the required

products is extensively described in a methodological paperamount of the Evonik product in the product application

published alongside this handprint brochure . The internal(or per functional unit) to achieve the saving potential, theEvonik Life Cycle Management team works in close coop-

handprint per kilogram of sold product can be calculated

11_

eration with experts from the responsible business lines(specific handprint per kg of sold product). Finally, theWe define handprint as positive sustainability impacts thatand performs life cycle assessments (LCAs) inaccordance

absolute handprint is multiplied by the overall sales volume

23

Evonik products enable along the value chain comparedwith the requirements of DIN EN ISO 14040 ff. Green-of the respective product(s) in the corresponding reportingwith other established products and applications on thehouse gas emission savings (or any other impact KPI used

year to obtain the overall handprint of the product applica-

market. Often this positive contribution occurs downstream

to describe the handprint) are calculated on the basis of thetion.

of Evonik’s production processes (i.e. in customer’s pro-life cycle emissions of applications of selected Evonik prod-

duction processes or during consumer use). These products

ucts compared to conventional alternatives. Both the emis-

The handprint results for the year 2023 are based on themake a relevant contribution to a direct (measurable)sion-saving product and the reference solution must deliv-

following 11 Evonik solutions and the following KPIs.

improvement regarding one or more environmental and/or

er the same function to the user and be used for the same22

social indicators. This is reflected in a strong or weak
positive rating in the PSA’s SC 5 (environmental and social
performance compared to alternative solutions).

NGSs selected for handprint evaluation

KPIs

Green tire technology

GHG

POLYVEST® in green tire tread compounds

GHG

Hydrogen peroxide to propylene oxide (HPPO) process

GHG

Fumed metal oxides in Lithium-ion batteries

GHG

Amino acids in animal feed

GHG

Improved hydraulic fluids for construction machinery and for stationary equipment

GHG

Additives enabling the use of renewable raw materials for in polyurethane flexible foams

GHG

Easy-to-disperse silica based rheology modifiers for inks and coatings

GHG

Excel® rejuvenation of catalysts

GHG, avoided resource use

A handprint can be assessed qualitatively or (semi-)

Silica for paper

GHG, avoided resource use

quantitatively (e.g. when the handprint is about a healthLinerless release coating

GHG, avoided resource use

This handprint reflects the material sustainability ambitions
addressed in SC 3 that the PARC is delivering on. During
the annually conducted PSA, special attention is paid torevising the market reference as it might quickly evolve
over time or the Evonik solution might even become themarket reference itself (and would consequently have no
more handprint as defined for the SC 5).

benefit). Our goal is to increase the number of quantitative
analyses, to gain deeper knowledge of our product benefits and transparency.

World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) and International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA), Avoiding Greenhouse
Gas Emissions-Guidelines: Accounting for and Reporting Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Avoided along the Value Chain based on Comparative
Studies, Version 2, December 201711https://files.evonik.com/shared-files/avoided-emissions-2022-methodology-9364.pdf
10

In the section 3.2, selected Next Generation Solutions (NGSs)
that enable greenhouse gas emissions savings and/or

has also been quantified. These 48.2 million metric tons
CO2e and 378 kiloton of resource reflect the total savings ofenable avoiding resources will be described. For the solu-

the selected applications enabled by the amounts of thetions that have already been considered in the previous

eleven Evonik solutions sold in 2023.

years to report on avoided emissions, a short description
will be provided focusing on the eventual changes made in

Each NGS provides a measurable improvement over the life

the scope, assumptions or calculations. For the new exam-

cycle and the associated Evonik products have either a fun-ples, a more detailed description of the product application

damental, extensive, or at least a substantial contribution towill be provided.

reducing greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional alternatives12.

Within the sustainability analysis, it has been checked thatthe selected PARCs are rated as Next Generation Solutions

A few examples will be also presented related to the SFA

so that these products do not reveal any negative signals.

Safeguard Ecosystems (Peracetic acid for environmental
water treatment and PhytoSquene® for vaccine formula-

In 2023, the use of the eleven selected Evonik Next Gen-tion) and Health & Wellbeing (PhytoChol® a plant-based

eration Solutions results in the avoidance of 48.2 million

Cholesterol for drug delivery and cell culture applications)

metric tons CO2e. Based on three selected Evonik NGSs,

describing the handprint more qualitatively as a full quanti-

the potential for avoiding 378 metric kiloton of resource

48.2
24

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25

fication is not yet available.

3.2 SELECTED NEXT GENERATION SOLUTIONS FOR
HANDPRINT EVALUATION

million metric tons CO2e
were avoided in 2023.

First of all, examples already presented in the previous• Update of background data in LCA software

brochure as product application enabling greenhouse• Update of sales amount to 2023 quantities (the global

gas savings will be summarized highlighting the eventual

amount sold of the corresponding Evonik solutions inchanges in comparison to the previous year. For each2023 was used to calculate the total savings)

example, following modifications have been made:12

The significance contribution of chemical products to value chain avoided emissions is described in the WBCSD ”Avoided Emissions“ Guideline.

GREEN TIRE TECHNOLOGYPOLYVEST® IN GREEN TIRE TREAD COMPOUNDS

Silica silanes in tires have been described in the previous
brochure (▸ page 26 and 27).

Polyvest® in tires have been described in the previous
Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions ofgreen tire technology and standard carbon black tire
technology over 150,000 km
kg CO2e30,000-1,398 kg CO2e/FU

Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions ofa green tire with POLYVEST® and a standard green
tire over 150,000 km
kg CO2ebrochure (▸ page 34 and 35).

-427 kg CO2e/FU
28,00026,00025,00024,00022,00020,00020,00015,00018,00016,00010,00014,00012,0005,000

10,000
0

8,000
6,000

-5,000Carbon black

Green tire

4,000
2,000

26

_

0

27

-2,000

Next Generation Solution

Silica-silane systems in a specific rubber blend (S-SBR, BR) as a tread component in region
Americas/East Europe & Turkey/Asia without Japan & South Korea for the green tire technology.

Reference solution(s)Carbon black tire: Carbon black as filler material and emulsion styrene butadiene rubber (E-SBR)
as tread component.

Functional unit

The use of silica-silane and rubber compound (S-SBR, BR) or carbon black and E-SBR ascomponents in a compact car tire over 150,000 km.

Boundaries

Cradle-to-grave. Life cycle steps considered in calculations are shown in the previous brochure.

Main parameters
and assumptions

The respectively required volumes of tread components for the distance of 150,000 km havebeen determined. A passenger car EURO 6 with its corresponding fuel consumption was
assumed. Same type of vehicle and tires in each region. Field test data and statistics on fuelconsumption and savings were considered.

Background informationon the assessment

The life cycle assessment was completed and certified in 2015. In 2022 the LCA for the Silica
production was updated using 2021 production data. With the recent update, the differentiation
and regionalization between different Silica grades was increased. Each Silica grade which is used
for the green tire technology is now covered by a site/region specific LCA. This means that we
now use several different Silica LCAs depending on the region where the green tires compete
against the carbon black tires and the grades which are typically used in the region.

Standard green tireGreen tire with
POLYVEST®

Next Generation Solution

POLYVEST® ST-E 60 as additive for green tire treads.

Reference solution(s)Standard green tire (silica/silane system in rubber blend).

Functional unit

150,000 km driven by compact car.

Boundaries

Cradle-to-grave. Life cycle steps considered in calculations are shown in the previous brochure.

Main parameters
and assumptions

Euro 6 car compact class consuming E10 fuel. Lifetime of 50,000 km for all tire types.
Compound formulations for tire treads (expert interview). 1.5% fuel savings by POLYVEST®
green tire technology (field test data).

Background informationon the assessment

The product LCAs for POLYVEST® HT and POLYVEST® ST-E 60 have been performed in 2022with 2021 production data. Based on compound formulations from our experts, the required
amount of product for the tire treads has been determined. For tire production and end-of-life,
the existing green tire model has been used. The use phase has been modeled according to theexisting model with additional data on fuel savings by POLYVEST®.

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE TO PROPYLENE OXIDE (HPPO) PROCESSFUMED METAL OXIDES IN LITHIUM-ION BATTERIESThe HPPO process has been described in the previous

Propylene oxide from the HPPO process shows a by

Fumed metal oxides in Lithium-ion batteries have been

Modifications have been realized which are summarizedbrochure (▸ page 32 and 33). A few modifications haveaverage 24% reduced carbon footprint compared to thedescribed in the previous brochure (▸ page 36 and 37).

in the following table:

been realized which are summarized in the following table:

average of reference solutions. Depending on the boundary conditions the reduction potential range varies from
15% to 38%.

Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions of
the use of fumed metal oxides versus no use
in an electric vehicle Li-ion battery
kg CO2e-7,497 kg CO2e/FU
24,00022,00020,00018,00016,00014,00012,00010,000
28

_

8,000

29

6,000
4,000
2,000
0

Next Generation Solution

HPPO process for environmentally friendly propylene oxide (PO) production as raw material
for different polyurethane (PU) applications.

Reference solution(s)Conventional processes for PO production as raw material for different PU applications.

Functional unit

Production of one ton of propylene oxide (which can e.g. be processed to polyether polyols
and used as PU foam in insulation materials).

Boundaries

Cradle-to-grave. Life cycle steps considered in calculations are shown in in the previous brochure.

Main parameters
and assumptions

The cases of South Korea and China have been analyzed separately. The propylene oxide/
styrene monomer (PO/SM) and cumene (CuPO) process are considered as competitive routes
in South Korea according to their production shares while for China, the chlorohydrin process
and the propylene oxide/styrene monomer (PO/SM) according to their production shares are
considered as reference to be substituted.

Background informationon the assessment

Comparative life cycle assessments have been performed with license agreement data andmarket report data in 2020. The 2023 sales volume of H2O2 to the HPPO production sites
and corresponding production amounts of PO have been considered for calculating total savings.

Reference solution

Evonik solution

Next Generation Solution

AEROXIDE® fumed metal oxides increase the performance, service life and safety of batteries.

Reference solution(s)Standard electric vehicle Li-ion battery without the use of fumed metal oxides as protective
cathode coating.

Functional unit

Electric vehicle Li-ion battery with a capacity of 100 kWh.

Boundaries

Cradle-to-grave. Life cycle steps considered in calculations are shown in in the previous brochure.

Main parameters
and assumptions

Literature value for greenhouse gas emissions of battery production has been used.
A battery capacity of 100 kWh has been assumed. The Evonik solution increases thebattery lifetime by 50%.

Background informationon the assessment

The underlying life cycle assessments of the Evonik products have been conducted in 2022
and are based on production data from 2021. The LCA covers the global production of fumed
metal oxides with separate LCAs for each production site.

AMINO ACIDS IN ANIMAL FEED

Animal feed is specifically formulated to meet the physi-

ton animal live weight, respective eggs. For example,

ological and nutritional needs of animals, and in particularcompared to the industry standard diet, the use of Evonik-

the necessary requirements of essential amino acids. A lackrecommended amino acid supplementation in layer henof certain amino acids in animal feed can be compensatedfeed can reduce the eutrophication potential of egg pro-either by adding a higher percentage of protein-rich feed

duction in South America by 12% and in China by 18%.

components such as oil seed, or by fortifying the feed withessential amino acids. Supplementing animal feed with

The visual below shows the carbon footprint of eggs

essential amino acids allows for the substitution of high-produced via two different diets. Whereas the benchmark

protein ingredients which are associated with high emis-

diet represents a reference diet in South America with asions and requirements on land and water resources.

reduced amino acid content, the Evonik diet contains the

Next Generation Solution

Feed mix with a balanced amino acid profile based on Evonik recommendations (including MetAMINO®, Biolys®,
and ThreAMINO®), representing ”best practice“ for diets with low protein levels. In South America, North Asia,
and South Asia the application of these amino acids has been rated as Next Generation Solution.

Reference solution(s)Feed mix with an amino acid supplementation customary in the respective regional market.
Such a feed mix usually contains less, and different, amino acid supplementation.

Functional unit

The functional unit and the reference flow have been defined as one ton of live weight or, in the case of feedinglaying hens, one ton of eggs.

Boundaries

Cradle-to-grave. Life cycle steps considered in calculations are shown in in the previous brochure.

Main parameters
and assumptions

The composition of the feed mixes and the animals’ nutritional demands per functional unit relate to 2019.
Feeding of pigs, broilers and laying hens has been covered in the study. The composition of the feed mixes,
the animals’ nutritional demand and (as far as possible concerning data availability) the regional origin of feedmaterials has been adapted to the regions South America, North Asia and South Asia, respectively.
As a conservative assumption, an identical feed conversion rate between the Evonik solution and reference
solution (per region) has been considered.

Background informationon the assessment

Sales volumes for amino acids supplied by Evonik to the feed industry in 2023 have been used to calculate
total savings . Regional sales volumes have been aligned with the respective regional emission avoidance.
The considered amino acids are: MetAMINO®, Biolys®, and ThreAMINO®.

amino acid profile recommended by Evonik experts.
Furthermore, feed supplementation with these essential

The amino acid addition in the Evonik diet enables a low-amino acids reduces the crude protein content of the diet.

crude protein diet and the reduction of ingredients with

Hence nitrogen emissions such as ammonia and nitrous

a high carbon footprint.

oxide resulting from the manure management are diminished.
In the Animal Nutrition business line, several PARCs havebeen created in relation to feed additives (MetAMINO®,
Biolys®, and ThreAMINO®) and the sales region. The
PARCs relating to the amino acid usage in the regions
South America, North Asia, and South Asia and have
30

_

31

been rated as NGSs.
A material topic for the agriculture value chain is theprotection of the ecosystems. Feed supplements enable

Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions ofeggs produced in South America using a benchmark
diet and a diet recommended by Evonik
kg CO2e-504 kg CO2e/FU
4,500
4,000

a reduction of the amount of feed needed to supply the

3,500

essential nutrients that animals require and consequently

3,000

a reduction in land, fertilizer and freshwater use to produce

2,500

animals. By satisfying the protein requirements of the ani-

2,000

mals via amino acids, the nitrogen content of the feed dietis decreased, this also reduces the amount of nitrogen ex-

1,500

creted by the animals in manure, which helps to reduce

1,000

harmful nutrient pollution. These two effects contribute500

to a positive rating in SC 3 and 5 making the amino acids

0an NGS.
The handprint has been validated by a life cycle assessment
and certified by TÜV Rheinland. The functional unit is one

Eggs(Benchmark dietin South America)

Eggs(Evonik dietin South America)

IMPROVED HYDRAULIC FLUIDS FOR CONSTRUCTION
MACHINERY AND FOR STATIONARY EQUIPMENT

Improved hydraulic fluids for construction machinery have

In the PSA, this product application has been consideredbeen described in the previous brochure (▸ page 30 and 31).

within the PARC ”Viscosity modifiers for hydraulic fluids

Next Generation Solution

First case: DYNAVIS® technology in hydraulic fluids of hydraulic construction machinery globally.
Second case: DYNAVIS® technology in hydraulic fluids of hydraulic manufacturing systems.

Reference solution(s)For both cases: Conventional hydraulic oils without DYNAVIS® technology (monograde).

Functional unit

First case: Operation of a hydraulic construction machine moving 1 million metric tons of massover a defined distance.
Second case: 8000 h production hours of an injection molding machine.

Boundaries

For both cases: Cradle-to-grave.
Life cycle steps considered in calculations are shown in the previous brochure. Identical emissions for Evonikand reference solution are not considered, e.g., those caused during production of excavator or injection
molding machinery.

Main parameters
and assumptionsFirst case: All hydraulic fluids have been used in field tests in a mid-sized excavator. While the oil drain intervalof the monograde fluid is 2,000 hours, the DYNAVIS® fluids need to be changed after extended oil drain intervals,i.e., 4,500 hours. Furthermore, fuel consumption per functional unit decreases by 5 – 15%.
Second case: Based on the latest field tests, 3.3% electricity saving was found. Total amount of reduction mainly
depends on the length of the cycle. Oil Drain Interval (ODI) of 8000 h. For the carbon footprint of the monograde
fluid, composition is assumed to consist of 100% base oil group I.

Background informationon the assessment

For both cases: The model is mainly based on data from Europe. The reference year is 2022. Savings refer to theglobal use of DYNAVIS® technology. The global amount sold of the corresponding Evonik VISCOPLEX® products
to the hydraulic oil industry in 2023 has been used to calculate total savings.

in manufacturing“ and rated as an NGS because it positively
The handprint for a new application (stationary equipment)

addresses stakeholders’ ambitions (SC 3) regarding pro-

was also quantified. In hydraulic manufacturing systems, theductivity and energy efficiency. It also has a positive envi-

operating conditions can vary from highly dynamic to lessronmental impact (SC 5) compared to conventional

dynamic flow patterns of the hydraulic fluid. In all cases, thehydraulic oils without DYNAVIS® technology (i.e., mono-

fluid not only needs to protect the equipment from wear andgrade fluids). Intensive R&D and numerous field trials havecorrosion, but needs to transmit power efficiently, as well.

proven that DYNAVIS® technology allows manufacturingsystems to work up to 10% more efficiently. For example,

The right oil viscosity under operating conditions in hy-

plastic injection molding equipment benefits with 2 – 6%

draulic pumps, motors, and actuators is crucial for highreduced energy consumption in the hydraulic system andequipment efficiency. Hydraulic fluids formulated withoverall lower GHG emissions. The handprint has been

DYNAVIS® technology are based on highly shear stable

quantified through an LCA conducted by our in-houseviscosity index improvers, VISCOPLEX® from Evonik, thatexperts from the LCM group. Using a better oil, based onallow fluids to maintain the desired viscosity under shear

DYNAVIS® technology at the next scheduled maintenance,and over an extended temperature operating window.

is an easy option for reducing energy demand in any

This technology results in more powerful machinery withhydraulic manufacturing plant.

reduced internal leakage, less hydrodynamic friction andreduced cooling demand. Lower oil peak temperatures32_

potentially enable longer oil drain intervals.

33

Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions of
DYNAVIS® technology and conventional
hydraulic fluids (monograde) in mobile
construction machinery.
kg CO2eComparison of greenhouse gas emissions of
DYNAVIS® technology and conventional hydraulicfluids (monograde) in stationary hydraulicmanufacturing systems.
kg CO2e-7,744 kg CO2e/FU
200,000
180,000

35,000160,000

30,000140,000

25,000120,000
100,000

20,00080,00015,00060,00010,00040,0005,000

20,0000-732 kg CO2e/FU
40,000

Hydraulic fluid(monograde)Use phase
End of Life
Production

Hydraulic fluid(multigrade with
VISCOPLEX® 8-219)

0

Hydraulic fluid(monograde)Use phase
End of Life
Production

Hydraulic fluid(multigrade with
VISCOPLEX® 8-219)

ADDITIVES ENABLING THE USE OF RENEWABLE
RAW MATERIALS IN POLYURETHANE FLEXIBLE FOAMS

Flexible polyurethane foam is used in various applications,

we compared a standard foam formulation based on fossil

throughout our daily lives, from mattresses, to car seatspolyols and 20 parts NOP polyol with a 70 parts NOP

or kitchen sponges. Polyurethane (PU) foam is made out

based foam that included ORTEGOL® additives. The func-of two main raw materials, namely isocyanate and polyol.

tional unit is 1 kg of flexible PU foam. The analysis shows

Natural oil-based polyols (NOPs) are a type of polyols

that the use of small amounts of ORTEGOL® additives

derived from vegetable oils, such as castor, rapeseed,enable a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions of 0.4 kg

or soybean oil. NOPs are considered as renewable andCO2e/kg FU (i.e. 8%) in the final foam.

sustainable alternatives to fossil-based polyols produced

Next Generation Solution

ORTEGOL® additives enabling high quality polyurethane (PU) foams based on natural oil polyols (NOPs).

Reference solution(s)PU foam based on fossil polyol.

Functional unit

1 kg of flexible PU foam.

Boundaries

Cradle-to-grave (Figure 4).

Main parameters
and assumptions

GWP excl. bio. C: Advantage of bio-based materials in end-of-life phase. The NOP used is alkoxylated castor oil.
For the reference solution, up to 20 parts of NOP can be added without further additives.

Background informationon the assessment

For materials produced by Evonik, activity data from the years 2020-2023 and site-specific emission factors
for energy are used. Further materials and life cycle stages are modelled according to literature and assumptions.
Country-specific datasets for raw materials are used.

from ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. In our example,
fossil-based polyether polyol can be replaced by alkoxylated castor oil in flexible PU foam applications. Typically,
the amount of NOP that can replace fossil-based polyol
is limited without compromising mechanical properties ofthe foam. The ORTEGOL® additives from Evonik enable
the use of higher shares of NOP in foam formulations,
without compromising foam performance. Thanks to these
additives, flexible PU foams with increased renewablecarbon content and reduced greenhouse gas emissions
can be manufactured.

crease and lower greenhouse gas emissions (SC 3) inflexible PU foam applications. The positive environmental

4

2

0

Figure 4
Overview of life cycle steps considered in the comparative analysis of greenhouse gas emission reduction through the use of
ORTEGOL® additives in polyurethane foams
PU based on
fossil polyol

PU based on
ORTEGOL® additives

Raw Materials
Utilities + Transports
End of Life

Upstream

impact (SC 5) has been confirmed by a cradle-to-grave
LCA, performed by our in-house experts. In our analysis

Gate-to-Gate

Raw materials

Productionof additives
and catalysts

Out of scope(emissions identical in Evonik solution
and reference solution)

Downstream

Utilities

Utilities

Polyol (fossil)

PU foamproduction

Use phase

End-of-life

Polyol (NOP)
Isocyanate

Raw materials

35

ers’ ambitions regarding renewable carbon content in--0.4 kg CO2e/FU

Evonik solution_

6

Reference solution

34

The related PARC is rated as an NGS as it fulfills stakehold-Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions of
ORTEGOL® additives and fossil based polyol
in PU foams
kg CO2eNon-valuable output

Non-valuable output

Utilities

Utilities

Productionof additives
and catalysts

Polyol (fossil)

PU foamproduction

Non-valuable output

Use phase

End-of-life

Polyol (NOP)
Isocyanate

Non-valuable output

Non-valuable output

Non-valuable output

EASY-TO-DISPERSE SILICA BASED RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS
FOR INKS AND COATINGS

Fumed silica is commonly used as a rheology modifier in

new AEROSIL® E products are much easier to disperse.

coatings and printing inks to control the flow and viscosity

This easier dispersion of the additives reduces processingof the coating material. They are added in small amounts,

times, energy consumption in production, and the amounttypically less than 3% by weight, and dispersed into theof labor and materials required for machine maintenance andcoating matrix using high shear mixing equipment suchcleaning. Processes become more efficient and sustainable.

as bead mills to break up the agglomerates of fumed silica
particles and disperse them into the coating matrix.

The positive environmental impact (SC 5) has been

To properly disperse the fumed silica, the entire formula-confirmed by a cradle-to-gate LCA, performed by ourtion must be ground. The dispersion process of fumed

in-house experts. In the analysis, a coating formulation

silica in coatings is a critical step to ensure that the silica

with AEROSIL® E grades was compared with a coating

particles are uniformly distributed throughout the coating

formulation with standard fumed silicas as rheology modi-

matrix and is a time-consuming and energy-intensive stepfiers. The use of AEROSIL® E fumed silica, especially inin the formulation.

the production of clearcoats, can reduce electricity con-Next Generation Solution

AEROSIL® E grades, enabling the formulation of coatings and inks without the need for high energy
consuming bead mill step.

Reference solution(s)Coating formulation containing standard fumed silicas as rheology modifier, which do not haveeasy-to-disperse properties.

Functional unit

1 kg of a formulated coating with fumed silica as rheology modifier.

Boundaries

Cradle-to-Gate (Figure 5).

Main parameters
and assumptions

GWP incl. biogenic carbon: Advantage of easy-to-disperse silica in formulation step. The extra energy for the
production of the easy-to-disperse silica is significantly outperformed by the savings in the formulation step.
For the reference solution, the use if a high shear force equipment for the dispersion is mandatory.

Background informationon the assessment

For materials produced by Evonik, activity data from the years 2020 – 2023 and site-specific emission factors
for energy are used. Further materials and life cycle stages are modelled according to literature and assumptions.
Country-specific datasets for raw materials are used. The datasets for the critical formulation step are based onreal life tests in a coating production environment, carried out by RD&I/AT groups.

sumption and associated greenhouse gas emissions bystrong impact on energy reduction, AEROSIL® E fumed

factured using a novel production process. The rheologicalsilica grades have a strong handprint and are classified

properties of both product groups are the same, but theas a NGS.

Figure 5
Overview of life cycle steps considered in the comparative analysis of greenhouse gas emission reduction through the use of
AEROSIL® E grades as rheology modifiers

Upstream36_

Raw materials
Raw materials

Reference solution

Evonik solution

37

Gate-to-Gate

Out of scope(emissions identical in Evonik solution
and reference solution)

Downstream

Utilities

Utilities

Utilities

Utilities

Aerosil® E972
production

Coating
formulation
without energy
intensive
milling

Mixing withhardener andapplication on
surface via
spraying

End ofliftreatmentof coating andsubstrate

Non-valuable
outputNon-valuable
outputNon-valuable
outputNon-valuable
outputUtilities

Electricity

Electricity

Utilities

Utilities

Pre-dispersionof coating

Formulationof coatingincl. energy
intensive
milling step

Mixing withhardener andapplication on
surface via
spraying

End ofliftreatmentof coating andsubstrate

Non-valuable
outputNon-valuable
outputNon-valuable
outputNon-valuable
outputConventional
material
production

Non-valuable
outputRaw materials

up to 75% compared to standard fumed silica. Due to theirof easy-to-disperse fumed silicas. The products are manu-

Raw materials

With AEROSIL® E products, Evonik has developed a range

EXCEL® REJUVENATION OF CATALYSTS

Evonik’s Excel® rejuvenation process is a step beyond

commitments in greenhouse gases emissions and wastes

regeneration. It offers a means for restoring spent catalyst

reductions. Indeed, clear commitments have recently been

and gives refiners an excellent alternative to fresh catalyst

forthcoming from our refining customers regarding reduc-in a wide range of hydrotreating applications from naphthations in Scope 1 and 2 emissions, sometimes including

to heavy gas oil. Prior to the rejuvenation step, the spent

Scope 3 emissions and waste reduction initiatives. The

catalyst is regenerated under oxidative atmosphere toenvironmental advantage of the Excel® technology (SC 5)

remove both coke and sulfur. Then a chemical treatment is

has been confirmed by a cradle-to-gate LCA, performed

carried out to remove activity inhibitors, redisperse metals

by our in-house experts and comparing the rejuvenating

and restore active sites for maximum activity. The Excel®

technology with current market reference (i.e. virgin cata-

technology rejuvenates catalysts and consequently helpslyst). The functional unit is 1 kg of rejuvenated catalyst,

avoiding wastes and reducing the CO2 emissions comparedfunctionally equivalent to virgin catalyst. The analysis

to a fresh catalyst production for refiners (lower use ofshows that the Evonik technology enables a reduction ofvirgin raw materials and lower energy consumption forgreenhouse gas emissions and wastes by about 60% thanks

processing). Thus, it makes an active contribution to circu-

to the rejuvenation technology. For every ton of Excel®

lar economy by maximizing catalyst reuse and minimizing

rejuvenation of catalysts sales, approximately 900 kg ofcatalysts wastes. In the PSA, the PARC ”Hydrotreating

virgin resource is saved since spent catalyst is recovered

regeneration/rejuvenation“ is rated as an NGS as it ad-

and reused.

Next Generation Solution

Excel® rejuvenated catalyst enables to retain the spent catalyst from the hydrotreating processes.

Reference solution(s)Conventional CoMo/ɣ-Alumina fresh catalyst.

Functional unit

Production of 1 kg of Excel® rejuvenated catalyst from spent catalyst.

Boundaries

Cradle-to-grave (Figure 6).

Main parameters
and assumptions

Excel® rejuvenated catalyst follows a simple production process of decoking and cleaning of spent catalyst.
The incoming spent catalyst from the hydrotreating plants is environmentally burden free since it is a waste.
The spent catalyst is first regenerated, then the regenerated catalyst is fed to rejuvenation process. For comparison,
secondary data of fresh CoMo/ɣ-Alumina catalyst production process is used.

Background informationon the assessment

Average of 3 years (2019 – 2021) of production data is used for this comparative assessment. The utilities, such as,
water, electricity, natural gas, are measured values from the production site. Measured flue gases are also usedas part of the life cycle inventory.

Figure 6
Overview of life cycle steps considered in the comparative analysis of greenhouse gas emission reductions in Excel® rejuvenated catalyst

dresses stakeholders’ ambitions (SC 3) regarding the

Out of scope(emissions identical in Evonik solution
and reference solution)
Upstream

Downstream

Propylene glycol
Utilities

Citric Acid

Utilities

Raw material-4,7 kg CO2e/FU
8

Hydrotreating
catalyst
manufacturing

Recycling

7
6

Spent catalyst

9
Characterizationof spent
catalyst &screening unit

Rejuvenatedcatalyst
Regeneration

Impregnation

DryingAfter catalyst
use end-of-life
End-of-life

Catalyst use
phase

5
4

Hydrotreating
unit

Fines/Shorts

3
2

Spent catalyst

Excel®
rejuvenation

10

Non-valuable
outputNon-valuable
outputAmmonium molybdate

End of cycle

Fresh catalysts(Virgin CoMo/
ɣ-Alumina catalyst)

Rejuvenatedcatalyst

Utilities
Raw material ɣ – Al2O3

39

Evonik solution_

Reference solution38

Gate-to-gate

Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions of
Excel rejuvenated catalyse and fresh catalyst
kg CO2eɣ – Al2O3
supportfeeding & sizing

Non-valuable
outputUtilities

Cobalt Nitrate Solution

Incipient wetness
impregnation (IWI)

Drying

Shaping &calcining

Virgin CoMO/ɣ – Al2O3
catalyst

After catalyst
use end-of-life
End-of-life

Catalyst use
phase
Non-valuable
outputSpent catalyst

SILICA FOR PAPER
Next Generation Solution

HYDREX® P enables multiple ways to improve paper production sustainability by paper lightweighting.

Reference solution(s)Paper with traditional fillers.

Evonik’s Business Line Silica offers a wide product range

If paper brightness is controlled, a further decrease ofof precipitated silica and silicate products, fumed silica andpaper weight is possible.

Functional unit

12,500 m² printing area.

and board manufacturing applications. HYDREX® P, a sili-

The PARC ”Silica for paper“ is rated as an NGS as it ad-

Boundaries

cate-based product, is widely used in different paper anddresses stakeholders’ ambitions (SC 3) regarding to light-

Cradle-to-gate: Due to the significant variations of the usage and end of life of paper and therefore would
need drastic assumptions, it is not considered in this handprint (Figure 7).

board applications. One of the key product features is thatweight. The environmental advantage of silica for paper

HYDREX® P can support paper and board industry need(SC5) has been confirmed by a cradle-to-grave LCA,

Main parameters
and assumptions

for lowering energy consumption through lightweighting

performed by our in-house experts and comparing paper

and the same time improving sustainability. Board light-

production with silica and paper production with standard

The weight of paper with 21% Ash and 0% HYDREX® P is 80 g/m2. The weight of paper with 19% Ash
and 2% HYDREX® P is 76,5 g/m2. Paper thickness and opacity maintained when decreasing paper grammage.
Replacing a part of traditional fillers with HYDREX® P improves paper thickness/bulk and optical properties.
Sodium silicate used for HYDREX®P is produced in Finland. For electricity the Finland grid mix was used andthermal energy comes from natural gas.

weighting in the application of white packaging and graphic

filler. The functional unit is a printing area of 12.500 m².

board has been achieved with low HYDREX® P amountThe analysis shows that silica for paper production enables

Background informationon the assessment

Time reference is 2021, geographic reference is Hamina, Finland. The reference data used is from 2018 (USA).

while maintaining optical properties like ISO brightness

a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and resource

and opacity. Similar lightweighting is possible in othersavings.

fumed silica dispersion materials which are used in paper

paper grades where sheet bulk properties are important.
Reduction of energy consumption and environmental impacts have become the important goals for the pulp andpaper industry in the current environment. Lightweightingwith 2% HYDREX® P supports these goals by offering an
option to save at least 5% in energy cost in paper applica-

Figure 7
Overview of life cycle steps considered in the comparative analysis of greenhouse gas emission reductions through the use of HYDREX® P in paper

tions. Part of the reduced energy consumption is related to41

lower steam demand in production where it can be typicallyreduced by 10 to 20%. Replacing a part of traditional fillers
with HYDREX® P improves paper thickness and opticalproperties which leads to a decrease of fillers and fibers

Upstream

while maintaining the paper thickness and opacity.
Comparison of fiber and filler content paper withsilica and with traditional fillers
kg filler and fiber
Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions ofpaper with silica and with traditional fillers
kg CO2e

1,000-42 kg CO2e/12,500 m2
printing area

900
800

Downstream

HYDREX® P
production
Raw materials
Paper
productionPaper
use phase

After Paper use
end-of-life

End-of-life

700

900

Non-valuable output

600

800

Non-valuable output

500

700

400

600

Utilities

300

500

200

400

100

300

0

200
100
0

1,000

-45 kg filler and fiber/
12,500 m2 printing area

Gate-to-Gate

Out of scope(emissions identical in Evonik solution
and reference solution)

Utilities

Evonik solution_

Paper withtraditional filler

Paper withsilicaPaper withtraditional filler

Filler content [kg]Fiber content [kg]Paper withsilicaReference solution

40

Raw materials

Paper
productionPaper
use phase

After Paper use
end-of-life

End-of-life

Non-valuable output

Non-valuable output

LINERLESS RELEASE COATINGIn recent years, interest in linerless labels has increased

lem. Linerless labels clearly play a key role in a more circu-

enormously. Here, the labels no longer stick to a releaselar economy. When using linerless labels, the converter as

liner, but are wound directly into a roll, like adhesive tape.

well as the user do not generate wastes anymore, that they

A silicone-based release coating ensures that the individual

would need to take care of in terms of collecting and dis-windings separate cleanly, quickly and without any residue

posing or sometimes even paying fees. The handprint has

before further processing or labelling. The very robust freebeen quantified by a cradle-to-grave LCA, performed byradical curing mechanism of TEGO® RC silicones can be

our in-house experts for a functional unit of 1,000 m²

key to linerless label application on a wide variety of paperlabel. The potential for avoiding waste has also been trans-

and filmic surfaces. Thus, linerless labels are already being

lated into greenhouse gas emissions avoided along the life

used effectively in numerous applications, from health andcycle: Around 68.5 kg of CO2e can be saved compared to abeauty, food, and beverage to postage and logistics. Liner-

Next Generation Solution

Reduction of CO2 through less waste in production, logistics and disposal, as liner material is avoided.

Reference solution(s)Label with paper liner.

Functional unit

1,000 m² label.

Boundaries

Cradle-to-grave (Figure 8).

Main parameters
and assumptions

Liner weight 62 g/m2, Label weight 80 g/m2, thermal curing for reference solution (liner + adhesive + label),
Europe mix for energy and utilities, use phase equal for both solutions, end of life through incineration.

Background informationon the assessment

Time reference is 2020 (Evonik data) and 2007 (Reference data from literature and industry).
Geographic reference is Europe.

standard label, which equates to a saving of 41%.

less labels are especially suitable for use as thermal labels
for variable print information. Likewise, prime labels can

43

200

tal benefit compared to conventional self-adhesive labels.

160

Indeed, linerless labels offer clear advantages for the label-120

ling process (more efficient and flexible) and produce lesswaste and a greenhouse gas reduction in production, logis-

80

tics and disposal. With conventional self-adhesive labels,

40

the liner accounts for up to 40% of the weight and is there-

0

fore also a major driver in the overall cost of materials.

-40

After the labelling process, the liner just becomes very

-80

expensive waste. With our solution, 29 billion m² of
release liner waste could be avoided worldwide. Although
in the EU about 35% of the total waste of release liner
material is fed back into recycling processes, a large partof high-quality and costly cellulose paper still ends up in
landfills or incineration, further adding to the waste prob-

Figure 8
Overview of life cycle steps considered in the comparative analysis of greenhouse gas emission reductions through the use of linerless labels

Upstream

Paper liner + label

Utilities + Transports
Materials
Waste incineration

Gate-to-gate

Utilities

Linerless label

Silicone based
release coating(Evonik)

Out of scope(emissions identical in Evonik solution
and reference solution)

Downstream

Utilities

Other
raw materials_

well as waste production (SC 3) and has clear environmen--68 kg CO2e/FU

Label production+ coating process

Utilities

Use phaseof label

End of life

Non-valuable output

Non-valuable output

Non-valuable output

Utilities

Utilities

Utilities

Silicone based
release coating(generic)

Non-valuable output

Other
raw materials

42

regarding reduced energy and material consumption as

240

Raw materials

as an NGS as it fully addresses stakeholders’ ambitions

Raw materials

label market, the PARC ”linerless release coating“ is rated

Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions oflinerless label and label with paperliner
kg CO2eEvonik solution

rapidly growing in food packaging. In the self-adhesive

Reference solution

also be produced. Wrap-around labels in particular are

Label + liner
production+ coating process

Non-valuable output

Use phaseof label

End of life

Non-valuable output

Please notethat the following
handprint examples havenot been quantified
by a full LCA.

PERACETIC ACID FOR ENVIRONMENTAL WATER TREATMENTPHYTOSQUENE® FOR VACCINE FORMULATIONSEach year, 2.7 million sharks from more than 50 different

Evonik offers a more sustainable alternative. A 100% plant-

species are caught and killed for their livers. Several ofderived product called PhytoSquene®. The product is ex-these species are red listed by the International Union for

tracted from the seeds of the amaranth plant and further

the Conservation of Nature. The liver oil from these sharks

purified. This new GMP grade of PhytoSquene® has batch-is used to extract squalene, and while most of the squalene

to-batch consistency, and is of the highest quality and purity.

is used in the cosmetic industry, some is also used in the

It is compliant with European Pharmacopoeia specifications

pharmaceutical industry. In fact, up until now, shark liver

and, being plant based, there is no risk of pathogenic trans-

has been the only source of pharmaceutical grade squa-

mission. The benefits of PhytoSquene® are supplemented

lene. It can take anywhere between 2,500 and 3,000

by Evonik’s expertise in formulation and drug product man-sharks to extract approximately one ton of the product.

ufacturing in both clinical and commercial applications.
PhytoSquene® is also a solution for patients who cannot use

Squalene is an important ingredient in many vaccine for-animal-derived products for cultural or religious reasons.

mulations. It is used as an adjuvant, which is an additive

44_

that boosts the body’s immune response to the active

PhytoSquene® used in vaccine formulations is rated as a

In municipal wastewater treatment, peracetic acid is anaction, result in improved efficacy in highly contaminatedingredient in a vaccine. By improving the effectiveness of

Next Generation Solution for several reasons and contrib-

ideal choice for the control of pathogenic microbes. Duesource and waste waters. Yet there is no buildup of resis-

a vaccine, adjuvants reduce the amount of active ingredi-

utes directly to the SFA ”Safeguard Ecosystems“ by reduc-to its low oxidant demand in wastewater, lack of harmful

tance within microorganisms, and as a result no accumu-

ent needed, thereby reducing side effects in patients anding the number of sharks killed for the squalene from theirdisinfection by-products, low ecotoxicity, and efficacy,

lated tolerance.

allowing a greater number of vaccines to be manufactured.

livers and by providing an effective plant-based alternative.

peracetic acid offers a cost-effective alternative to chlorine,

45

UV, and ozone. It is water soluble, can be used across vary-

Peracetic acid for water treatment has been rated as aning temperatures, and remains stable under typical operat-

NGS in the PARC analysis, specifically addressing the SFA

ing conditions.

”Safeguard Ecosystems“. This pertains to its ecotoxicity
assessment. Ecotoxicity describes a substance’s toxic

Plant-derived Squalene

As a broad-spectrum biocide, peracetic acid has wide-

impacts on the environment. Ecotoxicity models consider

spread efficacy on a variety of bacteria and microorgan-fate, exposure, and effects, forming ”cause-effect path-isms, even in the presence of organic matter and ammonia.

ways“. These factors are used to compute the characteriza-

These broad-spectrum properties, combined with its fasttion factor, which can convert emissions into impacts.

Figure 9
Cause-Effect Pathway for ecotoxicity in aquatic environments.

Extraction from
Amaranth oil
ChemicalEmission

Fate of thechemicalExposureEffectChemicalEmission

Ecotoxicity characterization factor = Fate Factor x (Eco-)Exposure Factor x Effect Factor

An initial assessment of the ecotoxicity of peracetic acid1 m3 of disinfected wastewater. The impact category

Animal-derived Squalene

compared to chlorine-based products in wastewater treat-EF3.1 ecotoxicity freshwater was selected to evaluate

Extraction fromment plants (WWTPs) focused on disinfection steps in an

effects on the ecosystem. Results showed less ecotoxicity

shark liver oil

average WWTP in the United States. The study compared

due to the avoidance of disinfection by-products (DBPs)

the use of Evonik’s VIGOROX® WWTII peracetic acid withsuch as TTHM and HAA5. The model is currently being

an equivalent dosage of chlorine, using a functional unit offurther defined and developed.

PHYTOCHOL® – PLANT-BASED CHOLESTEROL FOR
DRUG DELIVERY AND CELL CULTURE APPLICATIONS

Cholesterol Applications in Lipid Nanoparticles (LNP)

nificantly reduces the risk of pathogenic contamination,

Nucleic acid therapies have the potential to treat a variety

making it a first-rate alternative to animal-based cholesterol.

of conditions from diabetes to HIV, sickle cell disease, andeven cancers. However, nucleic acids are fragile active in-

Cholesterol Applications in Cell Culture Media

gredients and must be packaged in a delivery vehicle, such

Another very important application of cholesterol is as a

as a lipid nanoparticle (LNP), for safe delivery into the cell.

component of cell culture media. Typically, fetal bovineThis is where cholesterol plays a critical role.

serum (FBS) is used in the media, as it provides many of
the nutrients needed for the cell lines to grow. However,

Cholesterol is one of the four lipids needed to form an LNP

the use of FBS has its disadvantages: it is animal derived,or other traditional liposome formulations. It helps improve

there are batch-to-batch variations, a risk of endotoxins

the encapsulation process, modulates the release of theor other contaminants, and also the ethics of how the

drug or nucleic acid, enhances the ability to penetrate theserum is collected can be problematic. Nevertheless, cell

cell membrane, and provides stability to the LNP. The pre-culture media that do not use FBS often require cholesterol

cise formulation of LNPs ensures that the RNA is efficiently

to enhance the growth of the selected cells, protein or virus.

and stably delivered to a patient’s cells.

Nucleic Acid

• The active payload

Ionizable
Cationic Lipid• ~50%• Complexes the nucleic acid
• Destabilizes the endosome

PEG Lipid• ~1.5%• Stabilizes LNPs during formationand controls particle size

Structural Lipid• ~10%• Examples are DSPC or DOPE
• Required for overall stability

Cholosterol• ~38.5%• Improves stability of LNPs and improves overall
encapsulation of payload; affects transfection
efficiency

PhytoChol® Biopharma

46

_

47

Typically, cholesterol is extracted from animal products

Evonik offers PhytoChol® BioPharma as a pure powder

such as sheep’s wool, but animal-derived cholesterol has a

specifically designed for use in cell culture formulations

number of disadvantages, such as batch-to-batch variations

as an alternative to animal-derived cholesterol. PhytoChol®

in purity and unwanted immunological responses. Compa-

BioPharma is a highly pure, plant-based cholesterol thatnies are increasingly moving away from animal derived

can be used in a wide range of cell lines, including the NS0cholesterol due to these drawbacks and the additional

cell line for the production of therapeutic proteins.

regulatory measures needed to prevent the risk of diseasetransmission. Many patients are also looking for non-­PhytoChol® Inject and PhytoChol® BioPharma are rated

animal-derived pharmaceuticals for ethical or religious

as Next Generation Solutions, as they enable very complex

reasons.

and difficult treatments to be developed and also delivered
to the patients without the risk of pathogenic contamination.

PhytoChol® InjectEvonik markets the plant-derived cholesterol PhytoChol®

The PhytoChol® product line is further enhanced by

Inject for parenteral drug delivery. PhytoChol® is a plant-

Evonik’s expertise in formulation and drug product manu-

based product, which allows for high purity and consistency

facturing in both clinical and commercial applications.

in every batch. This ultra-low endotoxin product also sig-EVONIK INDUSTRIES AG
Rellinghauser Straße 1–11
45128 Essen
Germany
www.evonik.com

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liability for damages or losses of any
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AND WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND,
WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS
TO THE ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY AND/OR FITNESSFOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE (EVENIF EVONIK IS AWARE OF SUCH PURPOSE) WITH RESPECT TO ANYINFORMATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS PROVIDED. Reference toany trade names used by other companies is neither a recommendation nor an
endorsement of the corresponding
product, and does not imply that similar
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to the information and/or recommendations at any time, without prior orsubsequent notice.