Verification Method of Vibratory Apparatus
For

CIPA DC-X011-2012
Measurement and Description Method for Image Stabilization
Performance of Digital Cameras (Optical Method),

Published by
Camera & Imaging Products Association

Contents
1.

Introduction................................................................................................................ - 2 -2.

Scope ........................................................................................................................... - 2 -3.

Overview of Verification Method .............................................................................. - 2 -

4.

5.

3-1

Basic Approach ................................................................................................... - 2 -3-2

Loads Shaken by the Vibratory Apparatus ...................................................... - 3 -3-3Documents, Data, Software and Charts Provided by CIPA ............................ - 4 -3-4Disclaimer ........................................................................................................... - 4 -3-5

Definition of Terms ............................................................................................. - 4 -3-6Referenced Standards ........................................................................................ - 5 -Measurement I ........................................................................................................... - 6 4-1

Preconditions ...................................................................................................... - 6 -4-2

Equipment and Environment for Measurement .............................................. - 6 -4-3

Measurement Procedures .................................................................................. - 7 -4-4

Judging Measurement Results .......................................................................... - 8 -Measurement II ....................................................................................................... - 10 5-1

Preconditions .................................................................................................... - 10 -5-2

Equipment and Environment for Measurement ............................................ - 10 -5-3

Settings of Camera to be Measured ................................................................ - 14 -5-4

Measurement Procedures ................................................................................ - 14 -5-5

Judging Measurement Results ........................................................................ - 16 --1-

Verification Method of Vibratory Apparatus
1.

Introduction
This document specifies the method for verifying performance of the vibratory
apparatus used in measuring image stabilization performance in accordance with CIPA
Standard DC-X011-2012 Measurement and Description Method for Image
Stabilization Performance of Digital Cameras (Optical Method), as well as
measurement accuracy of bokeh offset amount and measured comprehensive bokeh
amount (or measured motion blur amount) as given in Section 4-2-8 Motion Blur
Measurement Software in the above standard. (Hereinafter, CIPA Standard
DC-X011-2012 Measurement and Description Method for Image Stabilization
Performance of Digital Cameras (Optical Method) will be abbreviated to just CIPA
Standard DC-X011-2012.)
As this document conforms with CIPA Standard DC-X011-2012, it is has been
written assuming knowledge of the terms and measurement procedures for image
stabilization performance defined therein. Refer to the standard for further explanationon all terms and measurement procedures for image stabilization performance notpresent in this document.
2.

Scope
This document specifies the method for verifying performance of the vibratory
apparatus used in measuring image stabilization performance in accordance with CIPA
Standard DC-X011-2012, as well as measurement accuracy of bokeh offset amount andmeasured comprehensive bokeh amount (or measured motion blur amount) as given in
Section 4-2-8 Motion Blur Measurement Software in the above standard. It is notapplicable for any other measuring apparatuses or measuring procedures.
3.

Overview of Verification Method

3-1 Basic Approach
Defined below are Measurement I and Measurement II, two methods for verifying
performance of the vibratory apparatus used to measure image stabilization performancein accordance with CIPA Standard DC-X011-2012, as well as measurement accuracy of
bokeh offset amount and measured comprehensive bokeh amount (or measured motion
blur amount) as given in Section 4-2-8 Motion Blur Measurement Software in theabove standard.

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Measurement I:
Evaluates basic performance of the vibratory apparatus based on sine waves ofdiffering frequencies and amplitudes.
This method measures the amplitude and phase characteristics of vibrations from theapparatus. For amplitude characteristics, it evaluates how well the vibration amplitudeof the input waveform matches that produced by the vibratory apparatus. For phasecharacteristics, it evaluates the vibration phase lag at a specified frequency.
Measurement II:
Evaluates how the vibratory apparatus performs with complex vibrations, such as
vibration waveforms, using a test waveform that mimics camera vibration from camera
shake.
This method measures the bokeh amount for images captured with a camera shaken
by the vibratory apparatus. It evaluates how closely the measured motion blur amountas calculated from the bokeh amount matches the reference motion blur amount ascalculated from the average vibration angle of the test waveform.
Measurement II is also used to verify measurement accuracy of bokeh offset amountand measured comprehensive bokeh amount (or measured motion blur amount) as given
in CIPA Standard DC-X011-2012 Section 4-2-8 Motion Blur Measurement Software.
Evaluations for vibratory apparatuses used to measure image stabilization in thestandard must meet the performance marks set for both Measurement I and
Measurement II.
Also, evaluations for measurement accuracy of bokeh offset amounts and measured
comprehensive bokeh amounts (or measured motion blur amount) as given in CIPA
Standard DC-X011-2012 Section 4-2-8 Motion Blur Measurement Software mustmeet the performance marks set for Measurement II.
3-2 Loads Shaken by the Vibratory Apparatus
Mechanical components and motor specifications for the vibratory apparatus mayvary significantly depending on the mass (load) of the object to be shaken. There will
likely be a great difference in cost and development requirements for vibratory
apparatuses made to accommodate wide load ranges and those for more limited load
ranges. There is no guarantee that accommodating wide load ranges will meet the
purpose or interests of the measurer. Therefore, it is assumed that a specific load will be-3-set for each vibratory apparatus, and this verification method is to take the load range
into account for evaluations.
3-3 Documents, Data, Software and Charts Provided by CIPA
CIPA will provide the following documents, data, software and charts for verification:
1) This document
2) Two (2) test waveforms
3) Two (2) average vibration angles
4) Motion Blur Measurement Software (FindsBlur) with manual and instructions
for use5) CIPA Motion Blur Measurement Chart (for additional fee)
3-4 Disclaimer
All claims and actions taken against vibratory apparatus performance or
specifications are the sole responsibility of the supplier or measurer, even forapparatuses designed and manufactured to satisfy predetermined performance with thisverification method.
3-5 Definition of Terms
Definitions of terms used in this document are described below. Terms defined in
CIPA Standard DC-X011-2012 are not described in this document. Please refer to thestandard for definitions.
3-5-1

Loads

Load refers to the total mass of the camera body, lenses and other attachments shaken
by the vibratory apparatus. If, for example, the load range is 300 g to 1 kg, this meansthat the vibratory apparatus can vibrate objects with a total mass between 300 g and 1kg.
3-5-2 Test Waveforms TWB-H and TWB-L
The test waveforms used in Measurement II. TWB-H and TWB-L are two test
waveforms made to resemble the vibration from camera shake. Which is used depends
upon the load range shaken by the vibratory apparatus.
The TWB-H and TWB-L files are in text format, named TWB-H-xxx.txt and
TWB-L-xxx.txt, respectively. Test waveforms are provided as angle data changing in
the time direction for a length of 32 seconds. Data sampling frequency is 500Hz. The-4-‘xxx’ in the test waveform file names is a 3-digit number giving the waveform version.
If a test waveform has been revised, version differences are managed with thesenumbers.
3-5-3 Average Vibration Angle
These are the average values for the vibration angles at each shutter speed when thecamera is shaken at the test waveforms TWB-H and TWB-L.
Average vibration angle data files are in text format, with the file corresponding to
TWB-H named TAVA-1-xxx.txt and that corresponding to TWB-L named
TAVA-2-xxx.txt.
Again, the ‘xxx’ in the file names is a 3-digit number giving the version number. The
3 digits are used to manage the files, corresponding with the test waveform revisions.
3-5-4 Conversion Factor (fr)
The number used to calculate estimated comprehensive bokeh amount with
Measurement II.
3-6

Referenced Standards

3-6-1

Referenced Standards

CIPA DCG-002 Specification Guideline for Digital Cameras
 CIPA DCG-005 Measurement and Description Methods for Weight andDimensions of Digital Cameras
 CIPA Standard DC-X011-2012 Measurement and Description Method for Image
Stabilization Performance of Digital Cameras (Optical Method)
3-6-2 Response to Revision of Reference Standards
If specifications referred to by this standard are revised, response will be as follows:
・For specifications and guidelines managed by CIPA, revised editions shall befollowed.
・For other specifications, this standard shall be followed in principle until revised.

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4.

Measurement I

4-1 Preconditions
Vibratory apparatus evaluations with Measurement I are to follow Section 4-2
Equipment and Environment for Measurement and Section 4-3 Measurement
Procedures.
The number of measurements taken is left up to the discretion of the measurer, but
the measurer is not permitted to selectively choose which measurements to use.
An overview of the measurement method is shown below in Figure 4-1.

Figure 4-1: Overview of Measurement I

4-2

Equipment and Environment for Measurement

4-2-1 Sine Waves and Combinations Used in Evaluation
Measurement I uses sine waves with the frequencies and amplitudes shown in Table
4-2-1a to evaluate the amplitude and phase characteristics of the vibratory apparatus.
During the evaluation, the load is shaken in both the yaw and pitch directions
simultaneously. Table 4-2-1b shows the combination of frequencies and amplitude for
evaluating amplitude characteristics, and Table 4-2-1c shows that for evaluating phasecharacteristics.

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Table 4-2-1a: Combinations of sine wave frequency and amplitude used in
evaluations

a
b
c
d
e

Frequency Amplitude Angular Velocity(Hz)(deg: ±)
(deg/sec)
0.1
2
1.26
0.5
2
6.28
1
1
6.28
5
0.2
6.28
10
0.1
6.28

Table 4-2-1b: Yaw and pitch combinations (for amplitude characteristic evaluation)
Yaw
Pitch

Pattern 1 Pattern 2 Pattern 3 Pattern 4 Pattern 5
a
b
c
d
e
c
d
e
a
b

Table 4-2-1c: Yaw and pitch combinations (for phase characteristic evaluation)
Yaw
Pitch

4-2-2

Pattern 6 Pattern 7cddcMeasuring Devices

This specification does not specify the device to be used for measuring the vibrational
state of the vibratory apparatus. Therefore, the measurer is to use the optimal means
according to his measuring environment, whether it be angle sensors, angular velocity
sensors (gyroscopes), rotary encoders, laser displacement sensors or other devices. A
combination of multiple devices is also acceptable. However, the measuring device usedshould be accurate enough to leave no doubt of the measurement results.
4-2-3

Temperature and humidity

Temperature and humidity shall be 23 2C and 30 - 70%, respectively. Measurement
may be performed under other conditions as long as there is no room for doubt.
4-3 Measurement Procedures
Successively mount objects equivalent to the maximum and minimum weights of thetarget load range to the vibratory apparatus and shake them in patterns 1-7 as given in
Section 4-2-1 Sine Waves and Combinations Used in Evaluation. Next, measure thevibrational states using a device given in Section 4-2-2 Measuring Devices. If any-7-sensors or other devices are mounted to the vibratory apparatus for measurement,
include their mass to the load.
4-4 Judging Measurement Results
If the procedure given in Section 4-3 Measurement Procedures is followed with
objects equivalent to the maximum and minimum weights of the target load range
mounted to the vibratory apparatus and shaken, measurements meeting the following
performance guidelines are deemed to have satisfied the Measurement I evaluation:● There is less than ±5% difference between the measured amplitude values andthat of the input sine wave for all combinations for patterns 1-5. (See Figure
4-4a)● The phase difference in yaw and pitch measurements is 90 degrees or less for the
combinations for Patterns 6 and 7. (See Figure 4-4b)

Measured vibrationfrom vibratory apparatus

Amplitude of input sine wave

Difference in amplitude values
Amplitude of measured results(Vibration amplitude of vibratory apparatus)
Input sine wave

Figure 4-4a: Illustration of amplitude differences

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Yaw
OR
Pitch
Measured vibrationfrom vibratory apparatus

Pitch
OR
Yaw

Phase difference
Figure 4-4b: Illustration of phase differences

-9-

5.

Measurement II

5-1 Preconditions
Vibratory apparatus evaluations with Measurement II are to follow Section 5-2
Equipment and Environment for Measurement, Section 5-3 Settings of Camera to
be Measured and Section 5-4 Measurement Procedure. The number ofmeasurements taken is left up to the discretion of the measurer, but the measurer is not
permitted to selectively choose which measurements to use.
An overview of the measurement method is shown below in Figure 5-1.
Computer analysis of
motion blur

Releaseoperation

Camera to be measured

Vibratory
Apparatus

Chart

Variablebrightness

Vibration
waveform

Figure 5-1: Overview of Measurement II
Measurement II is also used when verifying measurement accuracy of bokeh offset
amount and measured comprehensive bokeh amount (or measured motion blur amount)as given in CIPA Standard DC-X011-2012 Section 4-2-8 Motion Blur Measurement
Software. Measurements are to follow Section 5-2 Equipment and Environment for
Measurement and Section 5-3 Settings of Camera to be Measured. The number ofmeasurements taken is left up to the discretion of the measurer, but the measurer is not
permitted to selectively choose which measurements to use.
5-2 Equipment and Environment for Measurement
Other than the details given below, measuring equipment and environment are to- 10 -

comply with the provisions of CIPA Standard DC-X011-2012 Section 4-2 Equipment
and Environment for Measurement.
5-2-1 Motion Blur Measurement Chart
CIPA motion blur measurement chart shall be used when performing Measurement II.
5-2-2 Mounting of Camera to be Measured on Vibratory Apparatus
When mounting a camera to be measured on a vibratory apparatus, vibration of thevibratory apparatus and that of the camera mounted on the vibratory apparatus have tomatch.
When measuring a camera with a long-barrel lens, such as is found on high-powered
zoom lenses, vibrations of the camera body and lens may not match. This is because theexcitation induces strain in the lens, which prevents the applied vibration from being
correctly transmitted to the lens. Thus, when measuring a camera with a long-barrel lens,
fix not only the camera body but also the lens to the vibratory apparatus, or take othermeasures to ensure that the lens and camera body vibrations match.
5-2-3 Test Waveforms TWB-H and TWB-L and Loads during Evaluation
Measurement II is to be taken using either one of test waveform TWB-H or TWB-L
or both waveforms. Test waveforms TWB-H and TWB-L are given in Figure 5-2-3a,
and their average vibration angles are given in Figure 5-2-3b.
The combinations for the test waveforms and loads in accordance with the load
ranges for the vibratory apparatus are given in Table 5-2-3a and Figure 5-2-3c.
Both test waveforms are composed of the biaxial components of pitch and yaw.
Vibrations shake in both the pitch direction and yaw direction simultaneously. Refer toFigure 6-3a in CIPA Standard DC-X011-2012 for motion blur in the yaw and pitch
directions.
Further, vibration waveforms can be revised as necessary to reflect changes in camera
shape, how pictures are taken, and the associated development of image stabilization
technology. Test waveforms can also be revised along with such changes.

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TWB-LTWB-H

The test waveform acquisition method

The test waveform acquisition method

will be announced later.

will be announced later.

Figure 5-2-3a: Test waveforms TWB-H (left) and TWB-L (right)

Average vibration angles (°)

0.25

TWB_H
TWB_L

0
1/30

1/15

1/8

1/4

Shutter speeds (sec)Figure 5-2-3b: Test waveform average vibration angles

Table 5-2-3a: Test waveform and load combinations
Case
A
B
C
D
E
F

Vibratory Apparatus Load Range≥600 g400 - 600 g< 400 gMax-min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max-minMax
Min
Max-min- 12 -TWB-L－－－
Max load
Max load
Max load

Test Waveform and Load Used
TWB-H
TWB-L
Max load－
Max load
600 g
Max load
600 g
Max load－
Max load
－
－
－

TWB-H
Min load－－－－－Load (total mass)
Case A

H

600 g

H

Case B

Case CH

H

L (600 g)

L (600 g)

Case D

L/H
Case E

L/H
Case F

400 g

L
Vibratory apparatus
load range
H: Using test waveform TWB-H ( )L: Using test waveform TWB-L ( )L/H: Using both TWB-H and TWB-L ()
L (600 g) : Using waveform TWB-L with 600 g load ()

Figure 5-2-3c: Test waveform and load combinations
5-2-4 Shooting Distance
The shooting distance should be such that the range shown by broken red lines in Figure
4-4-1 of CIPA Standard DC-X011-2012 can be shot to approximately fill the whole
picture frame. This distance is about 20 times the 35mm film equivalent focal length.
5-2-5 Motion Blur Measurement Software
The bokeh offset amounts and measured comprehensive bokeh amounts for images of
the CIPA motion blur measurement chart taken according to Section 5-4 Measurement
Procedures are to be quantified using FindsBlur, the motion blur measurement software
provided by the CIPA.
Note however that the camera settings or measurement environment may prevent you
from obtaining appropriate measurements even using this software. If there are any
doubts regarding the results of a measurement, review the camera settings andmeasurement environment before re-measuring or taking other such measures.
5-2-6 Loads
Referring to the load ranges given in Table 5-2-3a and Figure 5-2-3c, mount an objectof equivalent weight to the load on the vibratory apparatus before measuring. The total- 13 -

mass of the camera as mounted on the vibratory apparatus is to be included in the load.
5-3 Settings of Camera to be Measured
Other than the details given below, settings for the camera to be measured are tocomply with the provisions of CIPA Standard DC-X011-2012 Section 4-3 Settings of
Camera to be Measured.
5-3-1 Image Stabilization Mode
Image stabilization is to be set to OFF.
5-3-2 Image Quality Mode (Compression Ratio)
Set the camera to its highest resolution mode (with the lowest compression ratio).
5-3-3 Image Quality Mode (The Number of Recording Pixels)
Set the camera to be measured to its highest number of recording pixels. Do not use
settings which exceed the effective number of pixels of the image sensor due to pixel
interpolation, image processing or other effects.
5-3-4 Focal Length Settings for the Camera to be Measured
Set to a 35mm film equivalent of approximately 100 mm.
5-3-5 Aspect Ratio
There is no specific set aspect ratio, but pixel interpolation, image processing andother effects which change aspect ratio are prohibited.
5-4 Measurement Procedures
5-4-1 Calculating Conversion Factor (fr)Pre-calculate the conversion factor (fr) for calculating estimated comprehensive
bokeh amount in step 3 of Section 5-4-2 Measuring Bokeh Amount Based on Live
Shooting from the shooting conditions. The conversion factor used here is a value
equivalent to the 35mm film equivalent focal length used to calculate theoretical motion
blur amount as given in item 2 of CIPA Standard DC-X011-2012 Section 4-5-1
Calculation of Basic Values Required to Calculate Image Stabilization
Performance. The values needed to calculate the conversion factor are given as (a)-(e)below. The calculation method is shown in Figure 5-4-1.

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Values needed to calculate the conversion factor (fr)
Shooting distance (m, distance from CIPA motion blur measurement chart torotation axis of vibratory apparatus)...(a)
Chart standard length for captured image (pixels)...(b)
Width for captured image (pixels)...(c)Height for captured image (pixels)...(d)
Standard CIPA motion blur measurement chart length (= 400 mm)...(e)

Camera to bemeasured(a) Shooting distance (m, distance from chart to rotation
axis of vibratory apparatus)

Conversion Factor ( fr )  Shooting Dis tan ce (a)[ m ] (b)(d) Image height(pixels)

CIPA Motion Blur
Measurement Chart

Chart standard
length (pixels)(e)Standard CIPA motion blur measurement chart length(Actual chart length =400 mm)(c) Image length (pixels)

Chart standard length (b) [pixels]
24 2  36 2 [ mm ]
 10 6
Chart standard length (e) [mm]Image width (c) 2  Im age height (d) 2 [ pixels ]Figure 5-4-1: Method for calculating conversion factor (fr)
5-4-2

Measuring Bokeh Amount Based on Live Shooting

As stated in Section 5-3 Settings of Camera to be Measured, set image stabilization to
OFF on the camera to be measured. At each of the test waveform and load combinationsin Section 5-2-3 Test Waveforms TWB-H and TWB-L and Loads during Evaluation,
shake the camera using the vibratory apparatus and measure how close the measured
motion blur amount is to the reference motion blur amount. The shutter speeds of thecamera to be measured are 1/30, 1/15, 1/8 and 1/4 (seconds). The specific procedure isoutlined below:
1) Measure the bokeh offset amount for the camera following the procedure outlined
in Section 4-4-1 Measurement of Bokeh Offset Amount in CIPA Standard
DC-X011-2012. At this time, the shutter speed of the camera to be measured is to
be one of the four given above.
2) Following the procedure given in Section 4-4-2 Measurement of Measured
Comprehensive Bokeh Amount (in the Cases of Section 4-2-6 Selection
Criteria I and II) in CIPA Standard DC-X011-2012, set image stabilization on- 15 -

the camera to be measured to OFF and shake it with either test waveform TWB-H
or TWB-L. From here, measure the measured comprehensive bokeh amount. The
shutter speed of the camera to be measured is the shutter speed used in step 1
above and at least 200 images are to be captured. There is no upper limit to how
many images should be captured, but the measurer is not permitted to selectively
choose which images to use.
3) Calculate the estimated comprehensive bokeh amount using the bokeh offset
amount measured in step 1 and the test waveform average vibration angle used invibration in step 2. Calculate estimated comprehensive bokeh amount following
step 3 in 4-5-1 Calculation of Basic Values Required to Calculate Image
Stabilization Performance in CIPA Standard DC-X011-2012. If calculating
theoretical motion blur amount (μm), use the conversion factor (fr) calculated in
Section 5-4-1 Calculating Conversion Factor (fr) instead of the 35mm film
equivalent focal length.
4) With the method explained in Section 4-5-2 Method of Converting Bokeh

Offset Amount and Measured Comprehensive Bokeh Amount into 35mm
Film Equivalent Values of CIPA Standard DC-X011-2012, convert the measured
comprehensive bokeh amount measured in step 2 to a 35mm film equivalent
bokeh amount.
5) Using the methods explained in steps 5 and 6 of Section 4-5-1 Calculation of
Basic Values Required to Calculate Image Stabilization Performance of CIPA
Standard DC-X011-2012, calculate the reference motion blur amount andmeasured motion blur amount from the estimated comprehensive bokeh amountand measured comprehensive bokeh amount as calculated in steps 3 and 4,
respectively.
Change the shutter speed of the camera to be measured and repeat steps 1 through 5
above.
5-5 Judging Measurement Results
Measurement results from Section 5-4-2 Measuring Bokeh Amount Based on Live
Shooting at each of the test waveform and load combinations indicated in Section 5-2-3
Test Waveforms TWB-H and TWB-L and Loads during Evaluation are deemed tohave satisfied the Measurement II evaluation if they satisfy the following performancerequirement:- 16 -

● The difference between the measured motion blur amount and reference motion
blur amount from the measurements in Section 5-4-2 is less than ±10% at shutter
speeds of 1/30, 1/15, 1/8, and 1/4 (seconds) on the camera to be measured.
If there is bias in shot timing, the values of measured motion blur amount will varyregardless of vibratory apparatus performance. As such, when the difference between
measured motion blur amount and reference motion blur amount is more than 10% eventhough there are not any deficiencies in the vibratory apparatus, settings on the camera
to be measured, or conversion factor calculations, etc., check that there is no bias in shot
timing and re-measure.

- 17 -