Report
Fremantle Prison GIS Predictive Modelfor

Palassis Architects
June 2008
Kelly Fleming- Kate Morse -Alistair Patersoneureka archaeol ogical researc h and consulting

Eureka Archaeological Research and Consulting UWA
Director
Kate Morse PhD
Consultants
Annie Carson BA (Hons)
Viviene Brown BA (Hons)
Sean Winter BA (Hons)
Kelly Fleming BSc (Hons)

Copyright
This report and the information it contains is subject to copyright and may not
be copied in whole or part without written consent of Palassis Architects andEureka Archaeological Research and Consulting UWA.

Geographic Co-ordinate Information
Geographic co-ordinates in this report were obtained using a Sokkia
Differential Global Positioning System device. The manufacturer states thatthese devices are accurate to within 0.1 m on average.
Geographic co-ordinates in this report are based on the GDA94 coordinate
system.

Disclaimer
Eureka Archaeological Research and Consulting is not responsible foromissions and inconsistencies that may result from information that was notavailable at the time this report was prepared.

ieurek a arc haeol ogic al res earch and c onsulting

TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 3
PROJECT SET UP AND METHODS ............................................................................................... 3
Data Collection..................................................................................................................... 4
Summary of Bavin (1990) ..................................................................................................... 5
Georeferencing ....................................................................................................................... 8
RESULTS ...................................................................................................................................... 8
Summary 2008 Findings........................................................................................................ 8
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................. 12
FURTHER RESEARCH ................................................................................................................. 13
MANAGEMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL MATERIAL/FEATURES ................................................ 14
SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................ 14
KEY REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................... 16

TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Fremantle Prison site plan (Bavin 1990 [February]: Figure 3) indicating extent ofproposed development of Parade Ground ..................................................................... 4
Figure 2. Plan showing structures/features identified in Parade Ground development
area in Bavin (1990 [February]: Figure 3) ........................................................................ 6
Table 1. Archaeological features and structures identified by Bavin (1990 [February] ;1990 [June]) as occurring in the Fremantle Prison Parade ground ............................... 6
Figure 3. Proposed areas for archaeological excavation based on potentially significant
archaeological features.................................................................................................... 132

eurek a arc haeol ogic al res earch and c onsulting

INTRODUCTION
This report outlines preliminary historical research and results of GIS work undertaken by Eureka
Archaeological Research and Consulting UWA (Eureka) at Fremantle Prison. In February 2006
Palassis Architects (Palassis) contacted Dr Alistair Paterson (UWA) to discuss the proposeddevelopment of the Parade Ground in this heritage listed site by the Department of Housing andWorks (DHW).
DHW propose to develop the Fremantle Prison Parade Ground to provide a more functional levelarea. This involves ground disturbance in areas where archaeological features are known to exist
and as outlined below may potentially impact other as yet unknown features. An excavation depth
for the current development is believed to not exceed 0.3m beneath the current ground surface.
This report presents the results from this GIS study and preliminary recommendations for works.
Recommendations are provided in the event that archaeological material or features areencountered during ground disturbance.

PROJECT SET UP AND METHODSIn April 2008 a meeting held at the Fremantle Prison with Christopher Paterson (Palassis), Bill
Bowker (DHW), Bevan Beaver (Fremantle Prison), and Dr Kate Morse, Dr Alistair Paterson, and
Kelly Fleming (UWA/Eureka) outlined the need to identify any archaeological material orfeatures that may be disturbed during the development of the Parade Ground (Figure 1).
The meeting recommended that a GIS Predictive Model be prepared. This model would be used
to identify potentially significant archaeological deposits and features prior to the proposeddevelopment, allow us to develop strategies to mitigate any destruction of these features, and to
begin formulating procedures i.e. archaeological monitoring, during future ground disturbing
works.

3eurek a arc haeol ogic al res earch and c onsulting

Figure 1. Fremantle Prison site plan (Bavin 1990 [February]: Figure 3) indicating extent of proposeddevelopment of Parade Ground

Data Collection
The historical documentary evidence for the Fremantle Prison site is extensive. The DHW
electronic database (Department of Housing and Works) contains scanned copies and digital
originals of some 1650 plans ranging from site plans to architectural and engineering drawings.
The State Records Office contains a further unknown number of plans and other documents
relating to the Prison and its administration. For the purposes of this project only a small
percentage of these sources were utilised. There is obviously considerable potential for additional
documentary research to be undertaken.
Contact was made with Bill DaSilva at the DHW plan room and 13 digital copies of site plans for
the Fremantle Prison were acquired (Department of Housing and Works). Attempts were made to
take a sample covering the period from the Prison’s construction in 1854 to the present day. The
quality of images is however varied and the database, although extensive, is not catalogued bydate. This made sampling adequate appropriate material difficult. Dr Alistair Paterson provided

4

eurek a arc haeol ogic al res earch and c onsulting

ten digital plans, both originals and copies, received from the State Records Office, Palassis
Architects or the Fremantle Prison during preliminary research undertaken in 2006. After careful
examination of all material collected it was decided that original copies of some of the plans
would need to be obtained. A desktop survey of the State Records Office catalogue identified anumber of Fremantle Prison site plans. These were subsequently viewed and digital scansacquired.

Site Survey
Eight site plans reflecting the period c.1858 to 1990 were reviewed and a site survey was planned
to collect GIS compatible survey data for georeferencing. Common, visible points were identified
to enable a good level of accuracy. Before the survey commenced a differential GPS was used toestablish a grid and survey station. A Total Station was then used to plot 27 reference points at thecorners of extant structures and features.

Review of Existing Material
On acquisition of the survey data, plans were georeferenced and a number of anomalies in dates
and visible features were identified. Copies of documents held at the Prison research room and anumber of secondary texts were subsequently consulted in an attempt to clarify these anomalies.
Not all original plans at the State Records Office could be located; unfortunately many of theaccessioning references were not comprehensive enough to locate the material easily or, as they
were based on references to the 1990 cataloguing system, were no longer relevant. Those thatwere located were viewed and digital copies obtained.

Summary of Bavin (1990)
The primary archaeological references for the Fremantle Prison Compound are Bavin 1990
(February) & 1990 (June). A brief summary of these, focusing on the area encompassed by the
Parade Ground development (see Figure 1), is provided below. Eight features are shown by Bavinas being within the Parade Ground development area (Figure 2).

5eurek a arc haeol ogic al res earch and c onsulting

Figure 2. Plan showing structures/features identified in Parade Ground development area in Bavin (1990[February]: Figure 3)

Details of these features are provided in Bavin (1990 [February] ; 1990 [June]). As detailed inTable 1 below four were investigated through limited archaeological excavations in 1990.
Structure
Tunnels/Drains
Wooden Division
Cisterns (south)
Proposed Metalled Roads
Parade Area
Grass and Shrubs
Incinerator
Laundry and Ablution Block

Date
1854
1856
1857
1862
1862
1862
1900
1950

Extent of Excavations
No Excavation
1 trench 1x1m
5 trenches either 1x1m or 1x2m
1 trench 1x1m
No Excavation
No Excavation
2 trenches 1x1m
No Excavation

ResultNA
Not LocatedLocatedNot LocatedNA
NA
Not Located
NA

Table 1. Archaeological features and structures identified by Bavin (1990 [February] ; 1990 [June]) as
occurring in the Fremantle Prison Parade ground6

eurek a arc haeol ogic al res earch and c onsulting

Tunnels/Drains
Bavin suggests a series of tunnels and drains form the main sewer lines for the Prison.
Construction of these began in 1854 however they do not appear on Bavin’s construction plan
(1990 [February]) until 1856 so may have been completed at this time. Bavin’s initial report(1990 [February]) recommended the entrance to these tunnels be investigated. This was notundertaken.
Wooden Division
Constructed in 1856 to accommodate excess prisoners, the Wooden Division is believed to haveheld 176 men (Bavin 1990 [February]: 3.3.03). Demolished in 1897, the materials from the
Wooden Division were apparently recycled and reused. A 1 x 1 m excavation of this feature’s
northwest corner in 1990, failed to find any evidence for the wooden division.
Cisterns (South)
Constructed in 1857 the cisterns ‘operated as a reservoir for the storage and distribution of water
throughout the prison during the late 19th Century’ (Bavin 1990 [June]: 5.2.01) remaining in use
until approximately 1897. Archaeological excavation of five trenches in 1990 located the roof ofthe cistern, outlines of which are still presently visible.
Proposed Metalled Roads
Bavin suggests that in 1862 a metalled (stone gravel) road was laid in front of, and parallel to, theMain Cell Block (1990 [June]: 8.1.02). She earlier refers to this road as ‘proposed’ and it isunclear whether it was actually constructed at this time. The stratigraphic sequence observed in a
1 x 1 m trench excavated in 1990 in the approximate location of the road was interpreted assuggesting that ‘the existing metalled road is also the original metalled road following repairs’(Bavin 1990 [June]: 8.2.03).
Parade Area
A prison parade ground was established in front of the North Main Cell Block in approximately
1862 and in 1908 a small Officer’s Shelter Shed was possibly constructed within its boundaries(Bavin 1990 [February]: 2.2 No. 40). Limited detail exists for both of these potential features.
Excavations proposed in 1990 to investigate these features were not undertaken.
Grass and Shrubs
In 1862 a garden is believed to have been established in front of the South Main Cell Block(Bavin 1990 [February]: 2.2 No. 41). Its boundaries and layout are unclear. Excavations toinvestigate the metalled road in 1990 were not extended far enough east to encompass thepotential site of the garden area which is believed to have been situated between the road and theSouth Main Cell Block (see Figure 2).

7eurek a arc haeol ogic al res earch and c onsulting

Incinerator
In 1900 an incinerator was constructed to dispose of Prison refuse. It was used until the 1960s
when it was demolished and new incinerators constructed nearby (Bavin 1990 [June]: 5.3.01). In
1990 two 1 x 1 m trenches were excavated at the location of the 1900 incinerator. Remains orfeatures of the incinerator and associated rubbish deposits were not found but a brick wall thought
to be associated was identified nearby.
Laundry and Ablution Block
Constructed in 1950. No excavations were carried out in this location.

Georeferencing
The brief for the first stage of this project was to produce a GIS Predictive Model for theFremantle Prison Parade Ground Development Area. This was achieved by using the historicalplans and survey data discussed above. A digital copy of each plan was uploaded to a GIS
mapping program then georeferenced using between 8 and 20 surveyed points. This allowed eachplan to be spatially projected and overlaid, for individual features to be recognised, their locations
marked, and for sequentially dated plans to be rapidly compared. Maps of various stages of thisprocess were then produced.

RESULTSThis research has resulted in additional information about previously identified archaeologicalfeatures, new information about potential archaeological features that were not identified by
Bavin, and more accurate spatial information about these features. This allows a revisedarchaeological zoning plan based on the GIS Predictive Model to be produced prior to the
proposed Parade Ground development and enables recommendations to be made to mitigate
against any destruction of the archaeological record prior to and during the planned development.

Summary 2008 Findings
Tunnels/Drains
The earliest plan showing the locations of tunnels and drains within the Prison complex is undated
but can be approximated to c.1858 based on features shown though it may be closer to 1857
(Public Works Department c.1857/1858). The main sewer lines are shown on the c.1858 plan but
it is unclear at what depth they are located. Bavin, referring to the entrance to these drainage
tunnels, suggests that ‘the system to flush the dilute human faeces from the prison did not8eurek a arc haeol ogic al res earch and c onsulting

succeed’ (1990 [February]: Area No.XIII). No record of the date at which they stopped being
used has been found. Two plans dated to 1898/1909 (Public Works Department c.1898/1909) and1899 (Penal Commission nd [c.1899]) shows the drains and suggests they are ‘old 6 x 3 (feet?)drainage tunnel[s] to be stopped’ but the plan quality is poor. An undated sewerage plan
(Metropolitan Water Supply Sewerage and Drainage nd [c.1900]) does not show the tunnels. It
seems likely then that they were probably out of use by the early 20th Century. An excavation
depth for the current development has not yet been provided but it is understood to not exceed
0.3m beneath the current ground surface.
·

It is recommended that further documentary research to confirm the depth of these drainsis required. Archaeological excavation at some stage may still be recommended.

Wooden Division
Information regarding the wooden division in Bavin (1990 [February]) was based on a reproduced
copy of the original c.1858 Convict Grant plan in Campbell (1975: 31) and the British
Parliamentary Papers Vol. 13 (BPP). Although the latter has not yet been explored an original
copy of the c. 1858 plan was located (Public Works Department c.1857/1858) and the position ofwhat is believed to be the wooden division verified. Georeferencing of this plan and overlaying of
the 1990 excavation square (Bavin 1990 [June]: Figure 4), shows that the excavation intersectedwith the northwest corner of the known location of the wooden division. The extent of the
excavation was limited and there is a possibility that evidence for the Wooden Division’s
presence was missed.
·

It is recommended that archaeological excavations be undertaken prior to any ground
disturbance work on the Parade Ground to confirm the presence or absence of remains
associated with the wooden division.

Cisterns (South)
Archaeological excavation of this feature in 1990 was relatively extensive and was successful in
uncovering some of its components. Part of the cistern is now visible at the ground surface
adjacent to the Prison’s southern boundary wall. The GIS model indicates the presence of anumber of drains leading from the cisterns. The depths of these are unknown and further researchor test excavations are required to determine their location.
·

It is recommended that developments should be designed to avoid impacting the cisterns(south) or any associated infrastructure.

Metalled Roads
Sources for this feature have not yet been explored due to problems with accession information
cited (Bavin 1990 [February]). It is not clear how the course of the proposed road was determinedby Bavin (1990 [February]: Figure 3) and further research is required to establish if it was actually
metalled at this time. An oblique aerial photograph of the prison (Gore 1935) and an aerial

9eurek a arc haeol ogic al res earch and c onsulting

photograph taken in 1948 directly overhead (Landgate 1948) show a road in the approximate
location indicated by Bavin (1990 [February]: Plan 7). This follows the route of the current
bitumen surface but runs closer to the South Main Cell Block than is shown for 1862. The 1935
road appears to be limestone while the 1948 road is darker in colour to those at the front of the
Prison Compound and rear of the main cell block. The 1990 archaeological excavation was
limited to a 1 x 1 m square and results were interpreted as indicating the current road and the
proposed road were the same (Bavin 1990 [June]: 8.2.01).
·

It is recommended that archaeological excavations be undertaken prior to the work on the
Parade Ground to confirm the presence or absence of the road outlined above. These willneed to investigate a larger area than in 1990.

Parade Area & Grass and Shrubs
As discussed above sources for this feature have not yet been explored due to discrepancies inaccession information.
·

It is recommended that further research is required to locate additional information on theextent and nature of the garden.

Incinerator
The 1990 excavation found no evidence for the c.1900 incinerator or any associated rubbish
dumping although two 1 x 1 m square test pits were excavated in this location (Bavin 1990
[June]: 5.3.01). Unfortunately the incinerator’s position according to Bavin can not be confidently
verified as it is unclear if the PWD Plan (c.1908) she used has been correctly identified (1990[June]: 5.3.01). A plan believed to possibly be that cited shows the incinerator at the south wall
(Metropolitan Water Supply Sewerage and Drainage nd [c.1908]). Bavin (1990 [February]: 2.2
No. 47) cites Votes and Proceedings, the Department of Corrective services and the PWD planand shows the incinerator at the south wall but plans used during the construction of the GIS
model place it further west (Government Electrical Engineer 1919 ; Metropolitan Water Supply
Sewerage and Drainage nd [c.1900]). Bavin (1990 [June]: 5.3.01) mentions ‘eight rows of earlymachine bricks….located 3.8m west of trench 3’ which ‘scale the natural limestone embankment’and suggests this was part of the incinerator. However, two plans showing the incinerator(Government Electrical Engineer 1919 ; Metropolitan Water Supply Sewerage and Drainage nd[c.1900]) indicate it was probably set into and just beyond this retaining wall. Discrepancies in theincinerator location are likely a result of differential plan accuracy.
·

It is recommended that more excavations of this location are conducted to test forarchaeological evidence for the incinerator.

10eurek a arc haeol ogic al res earch and c onsulting

Laundry and Ablution BlockThis feature, constructed in 1950, was not excavated in 1990 and, due to its presumed low
significance, excavation is not recommended. Excavation of this feature may contribute to anunderstanding of the evolution of Prison infrastructure during its 154 year history and can beundertaken at the request of DHW.

Additional Features
Well c.1858
The use of a reproduced plan (Campbell 1975: 31) in Bavin’s 1990 report has demonstrated theneed to refer to original documents whenever possible. A well, clearly visible on the original plan,
25 m west of the South Main Cell Block and 20 m north of the north-eastern corner of the wooden
division, is not shown on the reproduction. A Sewerage Plan (Penal Commission nd [c.1899])
shows what appears to be an inspection chamber at the same location as the well but this feature isnot shown on later plans.
·

It is recommended that further documentary research and an archaeological investigationof the well be undertaken prior to any development of the parade ground.

Stone Shed c. 1890
Bavin (1990 [February]: 5.1.03) mentions a stone shed (<1906) in her discussion of the southernknoll prioritised sites but this feature does not appear on any plans. A plan dated to 1890, 1905 or
1920 shows a shed on the southern knoll and describes it as a ‘stone breakers shed’ (Unknown nd[c.1890/1905/1920]) and an 1897 plan also shows the structure but does not describe its function(Unknown 1897). An undated plan (probably c.1900) shows the structure designated ‘shed’ withthree water closets attached to its western end (Metropolitan Water Supply Sewerage andDrainage nd [c.1900]) and in a Government Electrical Engineer’s Plan (1919) the shed is stillpresent. In a 1948 aerial photograph a structure is visible at this location (Landgate 1948) andconforms to the boundaries shown in plans viewed, but a plan dated to 1987 (Building
Management Authority of Western Australia 1987) shows no structure in this location.
·

It is recommended that if any sub surface disturbance is planned at this location during
the proposed development, further documentary research and possibly archaeologicalexcavation is undertaken to determine whether evidence for the shed exists and to explore
its function.

11

eurek a arc haeol ogic al res earch and c onsulting

Drains/Tunnels
As discussed in Bavin and confirmed by the GIS model numerous drains and tunnels intersect the
Parade Ground beneath the current surface. Although only the main drains and sewers are shownin Bavin’s construction plans it is noted that others exist, some of which may be relatively
shallow (1990 [February]: 4.4.01).
·

It is recommended that archaeological monitoring of areas associated with drainage isundertaken as part of the development of the Parade ground to determine the extent andlocation of drains and tunnels.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSThis report has summarised potential archaeological features discussed in Bavin (1990[February]) and the excavations done to date within the Parade Ground development area at theFremantle Prison (Bavin 1990 [June]). On the basis of the GIS Predictive Model (2008) presented
here and in light of·the extent of excavations completed in 1990·

evident discrepancies identified in the location of some of the features·

the possible disturbance and/or destruction of archaeological features/deposits during the
proposed development

further documentary research and archaeological excavation of a number of features isrecommended prior to any sub surface disturbance of the parade ground.
The extent of proposed archaeological excavations will be dependent on the nature of DHW’s
proposed development plans; notably on its intention to disturb the existing ground and below
ground surface of the Parade Ground. Archaeological excavation should be undertaken to
determine the nature and extent of a number of potentially significant features to ensure they are
not adversely affected by any development of the Fremantle Prison Parade Ground. These
include:·Well in front of the South Main Cell Block (c.1858)·

Wooden Division (c.1856)·

Stone Shed (c.1890)·

Proposed Metalled Roads (c.1862)·

Parade Area (incl. Officers Shelter Shed c.1908) & Grass and Shrubs (c.1862)·

Incinerator and associated rubbish deposits (c.1900)

12eurek a arc haeol ogic al res earch and c onsulting

We recommend a program of test excavations to confirm the presence/absence of features, andwhere they exist, larger scale open area archaeological excavations are recommended to expose
these historical features. Open area excavations, as opposed to 1 x 1 metre squares or small
trenches, should allow for discrepancies in plan accuracy.

Figure 3. Proposed areas for archaeological excavation based on potentially significant archaeological features

FURTHER RESEARCH
During the course of this research numerous discrepancies were noted in accession information
for Fremantle Prison documentary sources. Much of Bavin’s 1990 work refers to Public Works
Department (PWD) numbers and Battye Library accession numbers. Following updating of thesecollections these numbers are no longer in use and this has made locating some of the material
problematic. It is recommended that, due to the high level of significance of the Fremantle Prison
site, and its pending World Heritage Listing, a full audit and update of the sources relating to thesite be undertaken by a qualified historian in consultation with a historical archaeologist. Original13

eurek a arc haeol ogic al res earch and c onsulting

digital copies of documents should be obtained where possible and held at the Prison researchroom.
Historical plans of the prison were found to be highly variable in their level of accuracy during
the course of this research. As recommended above, prior to any archaeological excavations
features earmarked for investigation should be researched comprehensively using available
documentary sources. To reduce the possibility of missing potential archaeological features
available sources should be cross checked prior to planning excavations.

MANAGEMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL MATERIAL/FEATURESIn the event that significant archaeological material or features are encountered at the Fremantle
Prison appropriate measures must be put in place to;1) deal with the features appropriately and in a timely manner i.e. interpretation and display
or protection from future deterioration
2) properly accession and store any movable artefacts
To achieve these goals it is recommended that the Department of Housing and Works liaise withconservation staff from the Western Australian Museum where appropriate, designate an
appropriate storage facility for materials, and recognise the potential for continued costs for the
maintenance and conservation of archaeological features.

SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS·

It is recommended that further documentary research to confirm the depth of drains isrequired. Archaeological excavation at some stage may still be recommended.

·

It is recommended that archaeological excavations be undertaken prior to any ground
disturbance work on the Parade Ground to confirm the presence or absence of remains
associated with the wooden division.

·

It is recommended that developments should be designed to avoid impacting the cisterns(south) or any associated infrastructure.

·

It is recommended that archaeological excavations be undertaken prior to the work on the
Parade Ground to confirm the presence or absence of the metalled road outlined above.
These will need to investigate a larger area than in 1990.

·

It is recommended that further research is required to locate additional information on theextent and nature of the garden.

14

eurek a arc haeol ogic al res earch and c onsulting·

It is recommended that excavations are conducted to test for archaeological evidence forthe incinerator.

·

It is recommended that further documentary research and an archaeological investigationof the well be undertaken prior to any development of the parade ground.

·

It is recommended that if any sub surface disturbance is planned at the location of thestone shed during the proposed development, further documentary research and possibly
archaeological excavation is undertaken to determine whether evidence for the shed exists
and to explore its function.

·

It is recommended that archaeological monitoring of areas associated with drainage isundertaken as part of the development of the Parade ground to determine the extent andlocation of drains and tunnels.

·

It is recommended that a full audit and update of the sources relating to the Fremantle
Prison complex be undertaken by a qualified historian in consultation with a historicalarchaeologist.

·

Excavation of the 1950 Laundry and Ablution Block may contribute to an understandingof the evolution of Prison infrastructure during its 154 year history and can be undertaken
at the request of DHW.

15

eurek a arc haeol ogic al res earch and c onsulting

KEY REFERENCES
Bavin, L. 1990 [February]. Fremantle Prison Conservation and Future Use: Archaeological
Zoning Plan of the Prison Compound. Unpublished Report by the University of WA for the
Building Management Authority. Perth
Bavin, L. 1990 [June]. Fremantle Prison Conservation and Future Use: Archaeological
Excavations in the Prison Compound. Unpublished Report by the University of WA for the
Building Management Authority. Perth
Building Management Authority of Western Australia. 1987. Fremantle Prison Site Plan Drawing No. 54-51 [Fremantle Prison Conservation and Future Use]. ePlans Drawing List
0003F66F. Department of Housing and Works, Perth.
Campbell, R. 1975. The Fremantle prison: a report on its past, present & future. Report for the
Department of Urban & Regional Development and the Fremantle City Council. Fremantle
Department of Housing and Works. 1/04/2008. ePlans Drawing List. Bill DaSilva - Departmentof Housing and Works, Perth.
Gore, S. 1935. Fremantle Gaol. Battye Library Pictorial Collection 031598PD Online Image.
State Library of Western Australia, Perth.
Government Electrical Engineer. 1919. Fremantle Prison - Government Electrical Engineer'sPlan. Cons 1647 Item 21092. State Records Office Western Australia, Perth.
Landgate. 1948. Aerial Photograph Metro. Run 31 Frame 59. Landgate, Perth.
Metropolitan Water Supply Sewerage and Drainage. nd [c.1900]. District of Fremantle Sewerage
System, Diagram of Fremantle Gaol Drainage. Cons 1647 Item 21092 Page 3. State Records
Office Western Australia, Perth.
Metropolitan Water Supply Sewerage and Drainage. nd [c.1908]. Plan of Fremantle Prison. Cons
1636 Item 2143. State Records Office Western Australia, Perth.
Penal Commission. nd [c.1899]. Fremantle Gaol - New Sewerage and Drainage [Fremantle
Prison Conservation and Future Use]. ePlans Drawing List 0003FB48. Department of Housing
and Works, Perth.
Public Works Department. c.1857/1858. Plan of the Convict Grant Fremantle, PWD 105. Cons
1647 Item 105. State Records Office Western Australia, Perth.
Public Works Department. c.1898/1909. Fremantle Prison Drainage, Copy of PWD WA 6194.
ePlans Drawing List 000425E4. Department of Housing and Works, Perth.
Unknown. 1897. Fremantle .....Gaol? - notation PWD 5613. ePlans Drawing List 000401FC.
Department of Housing and Works, Perth.

16eurek a arc haeol ogic al res earch and c onsulting

Unknown. nd [c.1890/1905/1920]. No Title - notation -Copy from Battye Library Records No.
21092 [Fremantle Prison Conservation and Future Use]. ePlans Drawing List 0003F4AC.
Department of Housing and Works, Perth.

17