3D/BIM applications
toward construction innovation
IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar
2013.11.1
Yusuke Yamazaki
Institute of Technology
Shimizu Corporation

Outline of Presentation

1

1. Current state-of-the-art BIM applications
2. Concept of construction innovation by 3D/BIM
and related research activities in CIB W78
3. 3D/BIM applications toward construction
innovation in building construction projects
4. Future directions of BIM applications towardconstruction innovation© 2013 Shimizu Corporation

Concept of Product Model
2D Model3D Model2Product Model

What is difference with Product Model and BIM?

Product Model : Machine/Production oriented information model ?
BIM: Human/Design oriented information model ?
© 2013 Shimizu Corporation

Product model for a prefabricated building system3
Building
SystemSub-system
PartDetail
SLAB FIELDHOLLOW CORE SLAB
ID: slab 02.01
Thickness: 395 mm
Length: 8700 mm
Bearing capacity: 4kN/m2
REINFORCEMENT 01.074
SLAB HOLE 01.023© 2013 Shimizu Corporation

Former Concept of Component Building

4Confirmation process of building Information in design

Building

Building
component
Information＋Interface rules amongbuilding components
are clearly defined assystems building

Off-the-shelfbuilding components
for selection(1) Building components are recognized as physical objects
which information are consistent through whole design stage(2) Building object information is delivered to users in formal one way
Unified data representation scheme to be selected by user are
relevant
Matsumura, S. (1994), A study on the Effectiveness of Component Building,1994© 2013 Shimizu Corporation

Concept of Innovative Construction System
Superstructure
Construction System

Computer Integrated
Construction System(CIC)

5Site Prefabrication
System

3D/BIM

Logistic
Management System

UndergroundConstruction System

Site Information
Management System© 2013 Shimizu Corporation

New Concept of Component Building

6

Confirmation process of building Information in design
Preliminary design stage Intermediate design stage

Production design stage(1) Building components are recognized as capsules of information
which are flexibly confirmed depending on design development(2) Building object entities are confirmed not by selection of building
components but by designing/engineering of building objects
Matsumura, S. (1994), A study on the Effectiveness of Component Building,1994© 2013 Shimizu Corporation

Automated Construction System

7

A full-scale implementation of CIC by integrating industrialization,mechanization, automation and information technology

SMART System at Yokohama Nisseki Building(1994-1996)© 2013 Shimizu Corporation

A CIC Conceptual Model8

A strategy for functional integration and decomposition of design/
construction to effectively introduce advanced technologies
Integrated Design /Construction Planning System
Optimization of Building System &Construction System planning
Project Simulator
Process Inf.

Project Management
SystemMulti-ProjectControl
Site Automation System

Product Inf.

Project Database
Project Model

Factory Automation System

Automated Construction System
Systematized Process Management
Prefabricated Construction System

CAD/CAM system Application
Production ManagementLogistics Inf.
© 2013 Shimizu Corporation 8Former related research activities in CIB W78

91990 Computer Integrated Construction
2nd CIB W78+W74 Seminar, Tokyo(AIJ)

Remarkable Research Topics:
Object-oriented CAD
Object-oriented Project Planning
Object-oriented Database
Remarks:
Many researches proposed specific conceptualmodels and approaches to CIC

1992 Models for Computer Integrated Construction
CIB W78 Workshop, Helsinki, Espoo(VTT)
Discussion Topics:
Information reference model for AEC
CIC framework© 2013 Shimizu Corporation

Discussion on Information reference model for AEC

10AEC

DomainReal-life
objectrepresented byrepresented byInformation

Conceptualmodel

stored inReference
modelProduct model

part-of

Product
data model

Database

RATAS

part-ofhas defined

SyntaxSemantics

Meta-modelof information

EXPRESS
hasResource
model

ICON

BPM

Modeling
languagehas defined

Type
model

part-ofpart-of

Organization
model

Explanation:

based onConceptual
project model

PhysicalRepresentation

STEP
physical files

represented with

Physicalrepresentation

stored inProduct

Information

has domain

IDEF1X
NIAM

Processmodel

Abstraction
mechanism

Classification

Composition/
Decomposition

Generalization/
Association
Specialization
Luiten, G. T., Frose, T.M, Björk. B. C., et al.,"An information Reference Model for Architecture, Engineering and Construction",Management of Information Technology in Construction, in Singapore, World Scientific, Publishing Co. Pte, Ltd., 1993, pp 391-406.

an instance

GenCON© 2013 Shimizu Corporation

CIC Frame work

11

Several Options and Strategies of Automation and Integration

Construction

Construction
Planning

Construction
Planning

Construction
Planning
DesignDevelopment

Operation & Feasibility &Maintenance Programming

Construction

DesignDevelopment

Construction

DesignDevelopment

Operation & Feasibility &Maintenance Programming

Operation & Feasibility &Maintenance Programming

Dimensions and Levels of Integration(1)Low Integration

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)High Integration

Who?

Individuals

Depts.

Entire Org., FirmWhole ProjectLife Cycle

Entire industryWhat?

DataModels

Knowledge

Goals

All ProjectInformationWhen?

Islands ofAutomation

Multiple Apps
in oneDiscipline andPhase

Multiple Apps
from several
Disciplines inone Phase

Multiple Apps
from several
Disciplines inand Phases

All Apps in Project
Delivery Process

Why?

Survive, Stay inBusiness

Increase Profit

Increase
Market ShareEnter New
MarketCreate New
MarketFisher, M., Betts, M., et al., “Goals, Dimensions, and Approaches for Computer Integrated Construction", Managementof Information Technology in Construction, in Singapore, World Scientific, Publishing Co. Pte, Ltd., 1993, pp 421-433.
© 2013 Shimizu Corporation

Ebina Prime Tower （1992-1995）

12

Development of Integrated Construction Planning by 3D CAD

3D CAD for Nuclear Power Plant

Major efforts:- Product/process data modeling basedon in-house developed 3D CAD
RC core wall + Steel rigid frame- 3D construction planning of integrated
building/construction system© 2013 Shimizu Corporation

Yokohama International Passenger Terminal (2002)

13Flexible production system for complex structure by 3D CAD

Major efforts:- 3D modeling of complex structure- 3D based product design/production planning- Structural analysis based on
construction process- Application of 3D measurement
system© 2013 Shimizu Corporation

3D data modeling14

Geometry Data
Geometry Baseline of Girders

Folded-plates
Girder List© 2013 Shimizu Corporation

3D based Product Design/Production Planning
2D

Design Data
Architecture
2D

Integrated Drawing
Plan
Detail3D

Structure
2D

3D

Piping/Equipment
2D

3D

15

3D

VAD(3D CAD)
(Visual Advanced Design)
3D ModelAnalysis/Simulation(VRML)

Visualization(AUTOCAD)

Estimation(Excel)3D Production Data
Steel Component
Wood deck© 2013 Shimizu CorporationConfirmation of Details and Construction Process 16© 2013 Shimizu Corporation

Structural Analysis based on Construction Process17

3D Data

Construction using setting-beam

Structural Model

Structural analysis
reflecting construction process© 2013 Shimizu Corporation17

Application of 3D Measurement System18

Total station
Collimation angle
Distance

Light wave

TargetMeasuring points in the erection of folded-plates’ blocks© 2013 Shimizu Corporation

Cocoon Tower(2006-2008)

19

Visualization of Production/Construction planning by 3D System

Major efforts:- Production planning
Extensive utilizations of 3D
System in constructability
investigations-Construction planning
Adaptations of rationaland creative construction
methods(Horizontally-layeredConstruction System)-Procurement

Introduction of newpurchasing and ordering
methods by standardization
and unitization based on3D system

19© 2013 Shimizu CorporationConstruction simulation for erection works

20

Construction simulation for Specific figure high-risebuilding by 3D system

Core zone(Concrete filledsteel tube)

Exterior zone
(Diagonal steel frame)

Confirmation of construction process with 5 days/floor© 2013 Shimizu CorporationStandardization of Unitized Curtain Walls

6,000

Story height

6,000

6,000

Height of curtain-wallStandardization of curtain-wall units

21

Transportation of curtain-wall components

Joint and sealing of curtain-wall units© 2013 Shimizu Corporation

Transportation/Installation of unitized exterior curtain walls 22

Vertical transportation system for
unitized exterior curtain walls using
elevator space

Installation of unitized exterior
curtain walls using balancer© 2013 Shimizu Corporation

Shimizu Head Quarters（2009-2011）23

High-performance Design/Construction system for hybrid
structure building by 3D/BIM

Major efforts:

RC core wall + Hybrid perimeter frame-Application of commercial
BIM tool to constructability
investigations-Accuracy improvement ofsequence simulation (Realtime simulation)-Association of processplanning with monitoring© 2013 Shimizu Corporation

Investigation of details and construction process 24

鉄筋納まりの確認

Investigation of details andconstruction processwith placing of reinforcement© 2013 Shimizu Corporation

Material handling/transportation planning

25

Transportation/
Erection of PC
Goliath crane （20t）Transportation of PC to stockyard and placing of reinforcement

Layout of temporal facilities and machinesat ground floor of the building© 2013 Shimizu Corporation

Construction Sequence Simulation

26

A

Real-time construction process simulation
based on standard operation time
Result of construction process simulation

Start crane operation
Start lifting-up
Lifting-up
WaitingRough positioning
Precise positioning
Installation
Form workSupporting
End crane operation
Total operating timeBCD

13:24
13:26

B
10:00
10:02
10:06

C
11:09
11:11
11:12
11:38
11:39
11:43
11:46

A

10:08
10:10
10:12

D
10:43
10:45
10:49
10:52

13:29
13:38
13:50
13:55
13:59 10:18 11:46 10:59
14:03 10:27 11:28 11:04
39min 27min 50min 21min

Measurement of operation
time using full-scale mock-up© 2013 Shimizu CorporationComparison of sequence simulation and monitoring 27
Modification of work schedule through comparative
analysis of planning data and monitoring data

© 2013 Shimizu Corporation

Concept of technology/knowledge fusion

28

Manufacturing Industry
Prefabrication Technology
Industrialization
Standardization

Automation Technology
Automated Transportation
Sensing/ControlFusion

Information Technology
Modeling/Simulation
Monitoring/NetworkConstruction Technology

Heavyweight Handling
Site Production/Coordination

Construction Industry
New Building/Construction System

Prefabricated Construction System
Automated Construction System
Computer Integrated Construction System© 2013 Shimizu Corporation

Concept of Industrialization

29

Defined by ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROP, UN (1959）（ⅰ）Continuity of production, implying asteady flow of demand（ⅱ） Standardization of products（ⅲ） Integration of the different stages of thewhole production process（ⅳ） A high degree of organization of work（ⅴ） Mechanization to replace manual labor
wherever possible（ⅵ） Research and organized experimentation
integrated with production© 2013 Shimizu Corporation

BIM applications toward Construction Innovation 30
 Sophistication of collaboration environment
with AEC functions
by improving production/delivery systems
trough investigations using BIM
 Promotion of technology and knowledge fusion
toward higher level of automation andintegration
by reviewing BIM as tool for fusion
 Continuity of research and technology
development toward construction innovationby promoting basic research and organizedexperimentation with CIC based on BIM© 2013 Shimizu Corporation

References311) Björk, B. C.(1989), A Scenario for the Development and Implementation of a Building Product Model Standard,
Advances in Engineering Software, 1989
2) Yamazaki, Y.(1990), "Integrated Design and Construction Planning System for Computer Integrated Construction", 2nd
CIB W78+w74 Seminar of Computer Integrated Construction Tokyo, 1990, pp 89-94.
3) Ito, K., Law, K. H. and Levitt R. E.(1990), PMAP: Object-oriented Project Model for A/E/C Process with Multiple Views,
The 2nd CIB w78+w74 Seminar, Tokyo, 1990, pp 75-80.
4) Frose, T.(1992), Integrated Computer-Aided Project Management Through Standard Object-Oriented Models, CIFE
Technical Report, 1992
5) Björk, B. C.(1992), " A Conceptual Model of Spaces, Space Boundaries and Enclosing Structure", Automation inConstruction , Vol .2, Elsevier Science Publisher, 1992, pp 1-21.
6) Eastman, C. M.(1993), "Lifecycle Requirements for Building Product Models", Management of Information Technologyin Construction, in Singapore, World Scientific, Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., 1993, pp 369-390.
7) Luiten, G. T., Frose, T.M, Björk. B. C., et al.(1993),"An information Reference Model for Architecture, Engineering andConstruction", Management of Information Technology in Construction, in Singapore, World Scientific, Publishing Co. Pte,Ltd., 1993, pp 391-406.
8) Miyatake, Y., Yamazaki, Y. and Kangari, R.(1993) , SMART System Project : A Strategy for Management of Information
and Automation Technology in Computer Integrated Construction, CIB W78, 1st Congress on Management of Information
Technology for Construction, pp.407-420, 1992
9) Fisher, M., Betts, M., Hannus, M., Yamazaki, Y., and Lathinen, Y.(1993), “Goals, Dimensions, and Approaches for
Computer Integrated Construction", Management of Information Technology in Construction, in Singapore, World Scientific,Publishing Co. Pte, Ltd., 1993, pp 421-433.
10) Yamazaki. Y.(1995), An Integrated construction Planning System using Object-oriented Product and Process Models,Construction Management and Economics, Vol.13, pp.417-426, E. & F. N Spon, 1995
11) The Economic Commission for Europe United Nations(1959), Government policies and the cost of building prepared by
the secretariat of the Economic Commission for Europe United Nations, 1959
12) Yamazaki, Y. and Ueda, Y.(2003), Technology and Knowledge Fusions toward Construction innovation, Knowledge
Construction, CIB W55, W65 and W107, National Singapore University, 2003
© 2013 Shimizu Corporation