－1－

－3－

－5－

－ 15 －

1

Presentation outline
1. Introduction
2. Water Supply In Ethiopia
Enabling Environment• Policy, Strategy• Institutional Arrangement and Responsibility
Current Situation and Plan under

implementation2－ 17 －

1. Introduction
 Official Name= Federal Democratic

Republic of Ethiopia(FDRE) Land Area =1,100,000 square
kilometers Total Population = 88,011,000(2014), more than 80 Ethnics
 Rural Pop. = 80.9%, Urban Pop. =19.1%
 River Basin = 9 Wet and 3 dry basins(SW= 122b^3,GW=36-40b^3)
 Economy = 46% Services, 40%

Agriculture & 14% Industry
 Economic Growth Rate = More than
10% (for the last 10 years)
 GDP/Capita = 632 USD
 Administration = 9 Regions and 2
City Administration
 World Heritage Sites = 10 Heritagesites
3

2. Water Supply In Ethiopia
Enabling Environment Policy, Strategy and Plans• Water Resources Management Policy (1999)• Ethiopian Water Resources Management proclamation (197/2000)• Ethiopian Water Sector Strategy (2001)• Establishment of Regional Water Bureaus, Woreda Water Office,Town Water Utilities & Water Resource Development Fund
• Ethiopian Water Resources Management Regulations (115/2005)• WIF (2013)• Water Supply and Sanitation Plans• UAP I ( 2005-2012) , GTP-I (2010-2015) or Revised UAP (2010-2015)• Recently One Wash National Program(OWNP) (2013-2020)4－ 18 －

Core principle of the Policy
Water Supply (Urban)
 Enhance self-financed and total cost recovery programmes
 Insure that urban tariff structures are based on the basis of toward fullcost recovery
 Establish progressive tariff rates, in urban water supplies, tied toconsumption rates.
 Ensure that the management of water supply systems to be at the lowest
and most efficient level of institutional set up

Sanitation /Liquid waste/ Recognize that water supply and sanitation services are inseparable
and integrate the same at all levels through sustainable andcoherent framework
 Promote the involvement of non-governmental organizations,external support agencies and the private sector in sustainable
sanitation programmes.
 Control and ensure that water bodies are protected from pollution
by waste water and other wastes
5

National Water Strategy (2001)
regard to Water Supply and sanitation, mainly aims at:
 More decentralized decision-making
 Promoting the involvement of all stakeholders, including theprivate sector
 Increasing levels of cost recovery
 Integrating water supply, sanitation and hygiene promotion
activities.

6－ 19 －

Institutional Arrangement & Responsibility
FederalRegional

Ministry of Water,Irrigation & Energy

Water Resource
Development
Fund

Water Bueaus

Zonal
Zonal Water Office

Woreda &Town

WoredaWater Office

Rural Community

WASHCOs

Urban Water &Sewerage Utilities

7…cont’do Federal Ministry of Water, Irrigation & Energy (MoWIE) Formulate Policy , Strategy and National Plan and Establish

Standards
 Regulate and Coordination the implementation of Water supply
and Sewerage systems
 supervising and following up on the implementation of policy andstrategy instruments as well as overall sector standards
 Coordinate and Monitor Water Supply Projects financed by Federal
Government Budget
 Conduct capacity building activities
o Water Resource Development Fund (Established by Federal Gov.)
 Grants long term loans to Town for Water Supply investment on thebasis of the principle of cost recover Set criteria for granting loans and administer the fund
 Issue directives on the procedure of collection of the Fund andwithdrawal and payments of money from the Fund; Manage and Collect timely the down payment from water Utilities8－ 20 －

…cont’do Regional Water Bureaus (Established by Regional Government) executive organ responsible for the implementation of federal

policies, strategies and action plans through adapting them to thespecific conditions of the region
 Plan, Implement, Monitor and Evaluate Water Supply projects
 Coordinate and Monitor projects implemented by Woredas and
Urban Water Utilities
 Exercise regulatory duties delegated to them by the Ministry Draft Laws and Regulation for Town Water Supply and
Sewerage Enterpriseso Zonal Water Office (Supporting arms of the Water Bureaus) Mandated to provide technical support to Woreda Water Offices and9

Town Water Supply Offices
 Responsible for coordinating activities, consolidating plans and reportsof woredas…cont’do Woreda Water Office Plan, Implement and Monitor, small water supply schemes
 Conduct capacity building activities for WASHCOs

o WASH Committee
 Operate and Maintain Rural Water Supply Schemeso Town Water and Sewerage Utilities Plan, Implement and Monitor water supply systems
 Operate & Maintain Water supply systems
o Town Water Board:- Play overall management role

Water Supply Utilities (Big and medium towns)

10－ 21 －of TownCurrent Water Supply Situationo Source of Water Supply
 Ground Water + Spring (>90%)
 Surface Water (<10%)
o Technology in Use Rural:- HDW,MH, spring on spot, spring with distribution,

SW on spot, BH with distribution, River diversion, Water
harvesting techniques , etc
 Urban :- Spring with distribution, BH, River diversion withtreatment plant, Dam(Reservoir) with treatment planto Water supply Access Rate (as of July 2014, Ministry Report)
 Rural :- 75%,Urban =84%, Overall =76%
 Non functionality rate of Rural schemes=16%
 NRW in Urban Water Supply = 20%-50%
o Current Water Supply Minimum Standard (GTP-I)
 Rural =15L/C/day within 1.5km
 Urban=20L/C/day within 0.5km
11…cont’d12

Different Water Supply source and Technology in Use－ 22 －

National Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Program A 7 years plan (2013-2020) developed which is called One WaSH

National Plan The plan /program is Instrument for achieving the goals set in
GTP-I and beyond GTP for Water Supply, Sanitation & Hygiene The Plan includes institutional WaSH ( Health Centres & Schools)
 Implementers are Government , CSO ,NGOs and others Financers: Government, Donors, CSO, NGO & others
 MoU, WIF and POM produced and agreed by government side
(MoWIE, MoH,MoE,MoFED & line sectors) and donors
 Consolidated Wash Account(CWA) is part of OWNP and openedforthecomponent
financed
by
Four
major
donors(IDA,DFID,AfDB & UNICEF)
 CWA(431 M USD) covers only 18-20 % of the total estimated cost of

OWNP
 70% fund for water supply and 30% for Institutional WaSH
 Supports 382 Woredas & 144 Towns (124 Small & 20 Medium)
13

Urban WS Future Plan Need to revise Minimum service level due to Urban population growth is very fast Industrialization is growing Rapidly Usage of current household facility technologies is increasing

 Under GTP-II

Towns are categorized in to five groups and Minimum service
level is also planned increase based on the category
Minimum Water
Quantity (l/c/d)

Maximum
Fetching
distance(m)

100
80

-

16

50,000-100,000

60

-

19

Medium Towns

20,000-50,000< 20,000

500

82

Small Towns

50
40

CategoryNo.

Urban
Category

Population

I

Metropolitan> 1,000,000

II

Big Cities

100,0001,000,000

III

Large Town

IV
V
14

－ 23 －

No. of
Towns

1

767

Challenges further needs attention and theWay forward
Continuous engagement – to bring behavioral change( Education,Media, Community leaders, Community ownership/ participatory
approach) Strengthening/set up of public services providers and regulatory bodywith clear mandates and responsibilities Conducting assessment study on sanitation situation and establishmentof baseline for future intervention
 Consideration of the Urban Sanitation and Hygiene as key area
during planning and implementation of projects


15…cont’d











Solving timely Land acquisition problems for construction of
WaSH Facilities
Encourage involvement of the private sector
Formulate best practices ( domestic , overseas ) and
implement
Setting National targets and implement (Short term, Medium
term and long term)
Establishment of Understanding among Stakeholders/Integration, Harmonization ,Alignment and partnerships/
Search of fund for investment /fund raising/Law enforcement ( polluter and user pays)
Considering both Waste water issue and Water sources
protection as a key issues in Urban Master plan preparation
and updating16－ 24 －

－ 25 －

WATER SUPPLY ADMINISTRATION FOR
BETTER MANAGEMENT OF WATERSUPPLY SERVICES (A)JICA, Tokyo, Japan
17th- 30th May, 2015
Mr. Puamau Sowane
Deputy Secretary Infrastructure
Ministry of Infrastructure & Transport

FIJI

ORGANIZATIONAL PROFILE•

Name: Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport•

Official Position: Deputy Secretary Infrastructure•

Organizational Structure－ 27 －

WATER RESOURCES
•
•
•
•
•
•

•
•

Fiji consists of 332 islands of which 110 are
inhabited.
The total land mass for Fiji = 18,274sq.km
coastline =1,129km.
Land use in Fiji is 9.03% arable land, 4.65%
permanent crop and other takes up 86.32%.
Irrigated land is 30sq.km
Total renewable water resources is 28.55
cu.km
freshwater withdrawal for domestic is 30%,
industrial, 11% and 59% for agriculture.
Precipitation - The wet season in Fiji isbasically from November to April. During
the wet season, tropical cyclones are also
expected to occur. Fiji experiences average
rainfall of 1000mm to 3500mm annually

Annual Total Rainfall from 2005 to 2014
Labasa Savusavu Penang Nadi
Nausori Laucala
Year
Matuku Lakeba
Airport Airfield Mill
Airport Airport Bay
2005 1876.2 1259.3
1516.9 1686.8 3276.6 3596.2 1120.2 2287.5
2006 2337.8 1270.8
1823.6 1689.2 2968.1 2796.7 1831.3 1383.3
2007 3162
2028.62616.2 2523.5 3309.2 3495.6 2259.4 2476.7
2008 3037.9
2009 2545.5

2680

3380.1 2459.4

2982.62572.51675.12815.52554

3040.6 2799.2

2868.92808.92144.6

1980.92010 2351.1
2011 2261.4

2048.51643.6 1334.2

3215.83310.11555.5

1873.51781.73238.7 2782.6

3064.63072.52685.52474.52012 2645.7
2013 1049

2790.83956.8 3547.9

3202.13383.72459.92325.2

1898.22342.7 2031.7

3224

3012.52102

2260.12014 692.2

1504.42109.6 1305.6

2904.43323.61404

1348.8MANAGEMENT OF WATER QUALITY•

Size of WAF’s area of responsibility isbasically the whole of Fiji archipelago withan area of 18,274 sq.km but is moreconcentrated on the two main islands, Viti
Levu and Vanua Levu in which 98% of
consumers resides in the urban and periurban areas•

The water quality in Fiji is monitoredby the Ministry of Health.

•

The Ministry had just launched theFiji National Drinking Water Quality
Standards.

•

The challenges that is being faced inmanaging the water quality in Fiji isthe various water sources especiallyin rural areas that is vulnerable tohigh contamination.

－ 28 －

Current Actions against the problems &achievements• Water quality tests are carried out
by Water Authority of Fiji andalso the Department of Water &Sewerage.
Monitoring System/Plan of Safety ofSupplied Drinking Water• Water Authority of Fiji has inplace water safety plans for urban
areas. The rural areas have the
Rural Water and Sanitation policythat has in place the Water Supply
Management Plan to cater forwater safety planning.

REDUCTION OF NON-REVENUE WATER
o Percentage of NRW in respective divisions
 Year 2014:
 Central = 47.6%
 Western = 53.7%
 Northern = 30.5%
 National = 51% (Qtr. 4, 2014 – actual)o Current situation
 The current stats for NRW for the threerespective division are as follows: Central = 46.5%
 Western =49.5%
 Northern = 26.9%
 National = 44.9% (Qtr. 1, 2015 –provisional)
Water Modelling Software Tool

－ 29 －

Current actions against Problems•
Introduction of District Metering Area (DMA)•
Meter Replacement Program•
Replacement of old and ageing pipes and pumps•
Installation of Master Meters at DMAs•
Automation of systems (GIS, SCADA, etc.)•
Introduction of Water Modelling Software tool.
•
Installation of Water Pressure Reducing Valves•
Installation of air valves•Technical expertise assistance from Fukuoka City, Japan via JICA•
Enhancement of Leak Detection Unit operations.
Achievements• Non-revenue water has been decreasing, hence,
improved infrastructures and increased revenue due
to continual water supply at 24 hours

WATER SUPPLY SERVICE STANDARDSCurrent Situation and Major Challenges/problems•

Currently there is no service standard in place for the water supply sector
as after the reform of the Department of Water & Sewerage. The Water
Act 1955 and Sewerage Act 1985 were repealed in 2007 through theWater Authority of Fiji Promulgation Act.

Current actions against Problems• The Department of Water & Sewerage is in the process of conducting areview on the Water and Sewerage legislation that will enable it to draw
up a service standard for the water supply sector.
Achievements• The review of the legislation and establishment of the new will enable theDepartment of Water and Sewerage to regulate water and sewerage
services effectively in the country－ 30 －

MANAGEMENT OF WATER SUPPLY SERVICE ON A
SELF-SUPPORTING BASIS
1. Current Situation and Major Challenges/problems• The Water Authority of Fiji is not on a selfsupporting platform as the organization still relies on
Government to provide funding.
•

The challenges that are faced are:i. lack of funding for infrastructure renewals
and replacementii. past under-investment in infrastructure
renewals and maintenanceiii.water prices set below sustainable levels (donot support full lifecycle cost recovery)
iv.lack of reliable funding sources
v. dependence
funding

upon

ad

hoc

government

Current actions against Problems•

An increase in Government funding in the water sector as per budget
allocation this year, 2015, giving an amount of $63,156,600 for operation
and $176,064,900 for capital expenditures－ 31 －

MAJOR RECENT ACHIEVEMENT IN IMPROVEMENT
OF WATER SUPPLY SERVICES/MANAGEMENT－ 32 －

－ 33 －

Water Supply Administration for Better
Managementof Water Supply Services

Country Report Outline Format
1. Country: Honduras
2. Name: Marco Antonio Moreno
3. Position: Project Coordinator
4. Organization: SANAA

1Country Report Presentation
6 topics:

1. Management of water quality
 2. Reduction of non-revenue water 3. Water supply service standards
 4. Management of water supply service on a self-supportingbasis
 5. Major recent achievement in improvement of water supply
services/management
 6. Expectation for the Japanese private companies6 topics include “Current situation and major problems, Current

actions against the problems and any achievement, etc.”2－ 35 －

General Country profile:3

General Country profile: Background

Honduras is a republic in Central
America. The country is bordered to
the west by Guatemala, to thesouthwest by El Salvador, to thesoutheast by Nicaragua, to the southby the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf ofFonseca, and to the north by the
Gulf of Honduras.

Whole Country:
Area: 112.492,0 km2

Population : 8.894.975 Habitants
Coverage Water Supply: 95 (goal in 2015) %Selected Water Supply System/City:
Service Area : 201.5

km2

Population Served:

1.2 million

4－ 36 －

My Mission
Mission of my organization is:
Being experts infrastructure providers and water and sanitation
services in urban and rural areas of Honduras.
Efficiently use available resources, in close cooperation with theinstitutions of the water sector in order to contribute to thewelfare and development of the Honduran people.
My mission in the organization is:Conceptualize,
developstudiesandcoordinate
theimplementation of projects that promote access to drinking
water and infrastructure to ensure proper treatment anddisposal of domestic wastewater.
My actual job to achieve the mission is:
Coordinate projects of drinking water, treatment and disposal ofdomestic wastewater and use of water for hydropower
generation. SANAA Coordinator by the execution of “MicroHydroelectric Power Generation Project in Metropolitan Area of
Tegucigalpa, currently under construction and financed by
JICA.


5

1. Management of water quality

The management of water quality in the metropolitan
aqueduct of Tegucigalpa is based on the fulfillment of theTechnical Standard for Drinking Water Quality of Honduras
and fulfillment of plans to preserving water quality standards
in pre-phase supply in homes.

Management of water quality

Monitoring,
Evaluation, rules and regulation for water
quality

Integration with management tools of
hydric resources (Watershedmanagement plans, information systems
and so on) and Management of demand(rational water use and reuse.

funding mechanisms (public and private
funding, collect, investment

6－ 37 －

1. Management of water quality

The management of water quality in the metropolitan
aqueduct of Tegucigalpa is based on the fulfillment of theTechnical Standard for Drinking Water Quality of Honduras.

7

1. Management of water qualityInstitutional Framework related:

CONASA• Policies• Planning• Sector coordination

ERSAPS• Regulation and• Control

SANAA• Technical Secretary of CONASA• Technical Entity• SANAA also operates the water distribution system of Tegucigalpa.

Municipalities andWater Concils• Holders of drinking water service

8－ 38 －

1. Management of water quality

Current situation of drinking water service capacity
DESCRIPTION

VALUE

Tegucigalpa’s
population (2013)

1,210,830 hab. (500neighborhoods)

Served population

800,000 hab (66%)

Media required
production

308,500 m3/dService capacity

258,509 m3/d

Deficiency
Number ofconnections

49,991 m3/d
118,548 clients9

1. Management of water quality

1.
2.
3.

Current situation and major
challenges/problems:
Deficit in drinking water installed capacity,
about 17%.
Continuity of service water supply is very
low, rationed 4-6 hour/day average.
The pipe distribution network has many
years of service, remains empty for long,caused by low continuity of service or withvery low pressure, which produce income
contaminated groundwater.

10－ 39 －

1. Management of water quality4.

Current situation and major challenges/problems:
High degradation of watersheds, in the rainy season, the water
increased turbidity, resulting in increased use of chemicals for water
treatment and produces difficulties in maintaining operating the
aqueduct because of the high production costs.

11

1. Management of water quality5.

Current
situation
andmajor
challenges/problems:
It is necessary to implement amonitoring network and effective
monitoring of water quality.

12－ 40 －

1. Management of water quality

Current actions against the problems and any achievement:
1.
2.
3.

Interventionism pilot projects in watersheds (reforestation).
Weekly water analysis.
Construction project, inter-basin water transfer.
4.

inter-basin water transfer

13

2. Reduction of non-revenue water1
Constitution of Non-revenue Water (If you have the data, please fillin the table )Revenuewater
Authorized
consumption
Systeminput
volumeWater
lossesNon
Revenue
Water
(NRW)

Billed authorized
consumption

51.6 million m3/year( 60%)

Unbilled authorized
consumption(ex. fire fighting, cleaning)- m3 /year( -%)Apparent losses( Unauthorized
consumption(i.e. Illegal use),
Customer metering
inaccuracies )34.2 million m3/year( 40 %)

Real losses(Leakage)- m3 /year( - %) 14－ 41 －

2. Reduction of non-revenue water

We need a program to reduction of non-revenue
water.
 Low rate of micro measurement.
 Low rate effective measurement in
distribution centers (main tanks).
 Low segmentation of the distribution
network.
 No defined and controlled hydraulic circuits.
 Without pressure control in distribution
networks.

15

3. Water Tariff
CATEGORY

SEGMENTO 1
DOMÉSTICA

SEGMENTO 2
DOMÉSTICA

SEGMENTO 3
DOMÉSTICA

SEGMENTO 4
DOMÉSTICA

RANGE
M3/MONTH

Minimum water
consumption per
segment L./Monthrate L. M3/Month

Fixed cost perconnection
L./Month

Approximate value per month0 - 20

1.59

31.8

$

1.45

21 - 30

3.17

95.1

$

4.33

209.2

$

9.52

455

$

20.70

$

32.33
41.05

31 - 40
41 - 50

31.8

5.23

-

9.1

51 - 55

12.92

710.6

56 Mas

16.11

902.16$0 - 20

3.28

108.5

$

21 - 30

4.05

153.375$

6.98

31 - 40

6.18

310.5

$

14.13

41 - 50

65.8

25

10.54

4.94

660.25$30.04

51 - 55

13.12

903.5

$

41.11

56 Mas

16.79

1176.8$53.54

0 - 20

4.42

182

$

8.28

21 - 30

5.23

197.625

$

8.99

370

$

16.83

31 - 40
41 - 50

88.4

7.37

70

11.4

714

$

32.49

51 - 55

14.42

992.875$

45.17

56 Mas

18.24

1278.3$58.16

0 - 20

7.08

328.5

$

14.95

21 - 308.9

335.25$15.25

31 - 40

10.93

41 - 50

141.6

150

13.58

548

$

24.93

850.25$38.68

51 - 55

16.86

1160.625$

52.81

56 Mas19.42

1360.9$61.92

0 - 205.95

325.25$

14.80

21 - 30

7.96

300

$

13.65

610

$

27.75

CATEGORIA
COMERCIAL 31 - 40

119

12.17

175

41 - 50

16.03

1003.375$

45.65

51 - Mas

22.48

1547

$

70.38

0 - 20

14.98

626

$

28.48

985

$

44.81

1493.9

$

67.97

526

$

23.93

985

$

44.81

1493.9
74

$
$

67.97
3.37

146.5

$

6.67

CATEGORIA
INDUSTRIAL 21 - 40

299.6

19.67

41 - Mas

29.12

0 - 20

14.98

CATEGORIA
GOBIERNO 21 - 40

299

19.67

41 - Mas

29.12

CATEGORIA 0 - 40
PATRONATOSY JUNTAS DE
41 - Mas
AGUA

2.9
116

250

2.9

150

-

Tariff Efficiency = Monthly Invoincing* 100 = 120%Monthly expense
2014
MES

ENERO
FEBRERO
MARZO
ABRIL
MAYO
JUNIO
JULIO
AGOSTOSEPTIEMBRE
OCTUBRENOVIEMBRE
DICIEMBRE
PROMEDIO

Invoincing

ExpenseL. 60,789,865.92
L. 59,881,050.96
L. 61,429,899.66
L. 62,031,748.44
L. 61,563,181.02
L. 63,237,036.80
L. 78,338,951.29
L. 62,216,533.20
L. 65,883,349.71
L. 61,997,098.25
L. 61,801,105.10

L. 71,278,896.24
L. 52,490,164.20
L. 59,723,148.42
L. 64,099,440.93
L. 59,235,503.13
L. 104,299,374.81
L. 65,122,569.72
L. 73,205,840.97
L. 57,217,329.37
L. 63,176,700.51
L. 63,138,081.11
L. 85,715,731.13

L. 63,560,892.76

L. 68,225,231.71

Tariff Efficiency

85.28%
114.08%102.86%96.77%
103.93%60.63%
120.29%84.99%
115.15%98.13%
97.88%
98.18%

16－ 42 －

3. Water Tariff

Tariff distribution rate
0

2

4

6

8

10

12

$60.00$50.00

SEGMENTO 1 DOMÉSTICA$40.00

SEGMENTO 2 DOMÉSTICA$30.00

SEGMENTO 3 DOMÉSTICA$20.00

SEGMENTO 4 DOMÉSTICA$10.00$-average
0 - 2021 30

31 41 4050
RANGE M3/MONTH

51 55

56
Mas

17

4. Water supply service standards /Performance
IndicatorsSold waterAgua
m³ invoiced
Comercializa
da =

Jan

Feb

March

April

Mayo

June

July

August

Sept

Oct

Nov

Dic

averageRange

m³ Produced

53%

60%

48%

65%

62%

63%

74%

63%

64%

59%

59%

57%

61%

≥80%

Septiembre
64%

Octubre
59%

Sold water
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
系列1

Enero
53%

Febrer
o
60%

Marzo

Abril

Mayo

Junio

Julio

Agosto

48%

65%

62%

63%

74%

63%

Noviem Diciem
bre
bre
59%
57%

系列2

18

－ 43 －

4. Water supply service standards /Performance
Indicators
Collection Efficiency (2014)

Collection
Efficiency =



Month
revenue
invece

Jan

Feb.

March

April

Mayo

June

July

August

Sept

Oct

Nov

Dic.

65%

66%

110%

70%

80%

85%

59%

71%

85%

90%

91%

79%

Connections revenue (2014)
Ingreso Mensual

Clientes
Directos

Ingresos por
Conexión (IM/CD)

connections revenue(IM/CD)Enero

L. 39,492,045.79

117187

L. 337.00$15.33FebreroL. 39,742,266.18

117221

L. 339.04$15.43Marzo

L. 67,510,915.65

117460L. 574.76$26.15Abril

L. 43,436,841.23

117493

L. 369.70$16.82Mayo

L. 48,995,553.60

117599L. 416.63$18.96

Junio

L. 53,971,991.38

117565

L. 459.08$20.89Julio

L. 46,184,713.63

117703

L. 392.38$17.85

AgostoL. 45,348,256.91
Septiembr
eL. 56,879,796.50

117766

L. 385.07$17.52118064

L. 481.77$21.92

OctubreL. 56,479,739.71

118410L. 476.98$21.70Novienbre L. 56,785,599.45

118473

L. 479.31$21.81

Diciembre

118548L. 559.67$25.46Mes

L. 66,347,703.69

connections revenue$30.00$25.00

Valor en Lempiras$20.00$15.00$10.00
$5.00
$-

19

5. Management of water supply service on a selfsupporting basis
Element that contribute to the Self-supporting in Tegucigalpa
Technology• Complex• Human resources• Service• O&M• CostCommunity

Context• Technical Capacity• Social Capital• Poor• Capacity to pay• Quality• Quantity• Continuity

20－ 44 －

6. Major recent achievement in improvement of watersupply services/management (PART1)
2004

INDICATORS

2014

8.3

Staff/1,000 connections

11.6

258,509

Production capacity m3/d

258,509

T.S.D.W.Q. of Hnd

Water quality

T.S.D.W.Q. of Hnd.

-%

Coverage area

66%

7 hr/dSupply duration

5 hr/d- barSupply pressure

2.5 bars-

Number of connections

118,548

40%

NRW

≈ 40%

-%

Collection ratio

79%

1,200

Staff number

1,680

21

6. Major recent achievement in improvement ofwater supply services/management (PART 2)
Final design studies of a new dam.
 Updating drawings distribution networks.
 Construction of two micro hydroelectric
power generation to reduce operating
costs.
22－ 45 －

7. Expectation for the Japanese private companies &Water Supply Utilities
Learn how to prepare water safety plans Learn about management models that allowing Japanesecompanies to have appropriate services indicators.
 Learn about structural and nonstructural actions to get reduce
the non-revenue water.
 Learn how to create a effective network of quality monitoringwater, self-sustaining.
23－ 46 －

－ 47 －

Water Supply Administration for Better
Managementof Water Supply Services

Country Report Outline Format
1. Country: IRAQ – Kurdistan region
2. Name:Bakhtyar Taher Raouf andbayar taqeadeen qader
3. Position:Directors
4. Organization: sulaimanyah
surrounding water directorate

1

General Country profile:Background

Whole Country:
Area: 384520

km2

Population : 5450000 Habitants

Coverage Water Supply: 90 %Kurdistan region area are including land . Mountain landscape area andwe have two main river Furat and degla which are the main surface water

source of our water supply system .

2－ 49 －

My MissionMission of my organization is to supply clean water to distric –sub distric and villages we depend in our project on
government fund ,some time(N.G.O)or in international loan canfund our project

our mission in the organization is to get the water network for
all town and villages and operate the water projects.



our actual job to achieve the mission is managing the director
in the best way to bring the best water quality for the citizen.

3

1. Management of water quality
 We have the quality control department in our

directorate and they manage the water quality daily
by making test for water quality by biological andchemical tests. With separate water monitoring by
ministry of health .

4－ 50 －

2. Reduction of non-revenue water1
Constitution of Non-revenue Water (If you have the data, please fillin the table )Authorized
consumption

Revenuewater

80%
Systeminput
volumeNon
Revenue
Water
(NRW)
80%

Water
losses50%

Billed authorized
consumption

xx m3 /year( %)Unbilled authorized
consumption(ex. fire fighting, cleaning)xx m3 /year( %)Apparent losses( Unauthorized
consumption(i.e. Illegal use),
Customer metering
inaccuracies )xx m3 /year( %)Real losses(Leakage)xx m3 /year( %) 5

3. Water Tariff

 Now project of instillation ofmeters under constriction
 We have constant for eachhouses 5000 ID which is =4 $6－ 51 －

4. Water supply service standards /Performance
Indicators


our Water supply service standards depends on the number of
population and water sources and deep wells .

We are working on WHO
standards

7

5. Management of water supply service on a selfsupporting basis
Coaching pasting ads and distributing ads on citizens for
decreasing water waste .
 We have ordinary staff which

are managing water serves inrural and urban area ourgovernment support us in ourorganization .

8－ 52 －

6. Major recent achievement in improvement of watersupply services/management (PART1)

2003or2004?

INDICATORS

2013or2014

22

Staff/1,000 connections

3.2

50,000

Production capacity m3/d

250,000

WHO Guidelines

Water quality

WHO Guidelines

55%

Coverage area

80%

2hr/d

Supply duration

6hr/d

1.0 bar

Supply pressure

2.0 bars

60,000

Number of connections

178,155

30%

Collection ratio

80%

1,000

Staff number

3379
9

6. Major recent achievement in improvement ofwater supply services/management (PART2)

 Installing meters for house

hold connection and warking
on water low in Kurdistanparlament－ 53 －

7. Expectation for the Japanese private companies &Water Supply Utilities
our Expectation for the Japanese private companies
is to help us in our projects to make the water
networks and water quality better and to have lasts
information about water field such as (pipessoftware programs to analyze water network-new
technology in water project.

11－ 54 －

－ 55 －

WATER SUPPLY ADMINISTRATIONFOR BETTER MANAGEMENT
OF WATER SUPPLY SERVICESCountry: Jordan
Name: Mohammed Hossam Sallam
Position: NRW Director
Organization: Water Authority of Jordan

JORDAN Whole Country:
 Area: 89342

 Population

km2: 6.5 mHabitants

 Coverage Water Supply: 97%

 Selected Water Supply System/City: Service Area :less than
 Population

89342

Served: 8－ 57 －

km2

millionMANAGEMENT OF WATER QUALITY
Directorate of Central laboratories of WAJ is
responsible to implement random sampling of
drinking water all over Jordan, the analysis results
shown a conformity of drinking water quality(bacterial) with a ratio of (99.4%),

REDUCTION OF NON-REVENUE WATER The NRW rate is around 49%, the major challenge

we are facing is the influx of refugees from thesurrounding countries, which adds to our alreadybad situation, emergency plans have been
executed in most of Kingdome's governorates toensure speedy supply of water to more than 1.5m
refugees scattered all over the Kingdome whichmeant extension of networks ,additional quantities
of water to be supplied in a strict rationing regime
adding to NRW figures .

－ 58 －

WATER SUPPLY SERVICE STANDARDS
Water supply services in Jordan is alreadycovering 97% of the population, challenge
facing this issue of high rate of supply coverageis the gap between demand and available
supply in light of the scarcity of resources, andthe distance of water sources from demandcenters, which implicate high cost of energy per
cubic meter.

MANAGEMENT OF WATER SUPPLYSERVICE ON A SELF-SUPPORTING BASISManagement of water supply services is faced byscarcity of resources and the ever increasing
demand for water due to population growth andthe requirements of development and thesuccessive migrations caused by the politicalsituation in the region .

－ 59 －

MAJOR RECENT ACHIEVEMENT IN
IMPROVEMENT OF WATER SUPPLYSERVICES/MANAGEMENT
Fresh water resources are being directed only toserve drinking purposes, reclaimed water fromtreatment plants is being used for agriculture in
Jordan , new Resources of Disi carrier, RedDead - and water harvesting are on track already.

－ 60 －

WATER SUPPLY SERVICE STANDARDS/PERFORMANCE INDICATORS The already used P.I at present is %NRW

although this indicator should linked with otherP.I such as NRW/sub ,or /house connection .
And finally ILI. This is being worked at for thisyear 2015.

－ 61 －

MY MISSION

Mission of my organization is to produce , treat ,and distribute
good quality safe water in the distribution networks and, tocollect and treat waste water.
My mission in the organization is to launch a program of NRW
in governorates.

My actual job to achieve the mission is to reduce NRW and to
make available more quantities of water.

11

WATER TARIFF
 Water tariff in Jordan per m3 is split in tocategories , starting at low price per cubic
meter of less than 0.2 JD for the first 18 cubic
meters per quarter (3months) and going all theway to 1.6 JD for the category of more than 127
cubic meter per quarter .

－ 62 －

－ 63 －

Water Supply Administration for Better
Managementof Water Supply Services
Country ReportCountry: MALAWIName: LETTON EPHRAIM CHILONGO

Position: PLANNING MANAGER
Organization: NORTHERN REGION WATER
BOARD

1

General Country profile:Background
Geographic Location:


Malawi is a landlocked country in South East Africa. It is bordered by Zambia to thenorthwest, Tanzania to the northeast and Mozambique to the east, south and west.

Economy

Malawi is among the least developed countries in the world with a per capita nominal GDP ofless than USD253 (2012 ). The economy is heavily dependent on agriculture which accounts
for 35% of GDP. Industry accounts for 19% and services for the remaining 49%. Main
agriculture products are tobacco, sugarcane, cotton, tea, corn, potatoes, sorghum, cattle andgoats.

Whole Country:
Area: 118,000

km2

Population : 16,800,000 Habitants
Coverage Water Supply: 78 %Selected Water Supply System – Northern Region Water Board:Service Area : 210 km2
Population Served:

278,000

2－ 65 －

My MissionMission of my organization is:
To supply potable water to the urban and peri-urban centers of Northern
Region of Malawi.

My mission in the organization is:Management of planning activities for water supply in the Board’s statutory
area.



My actual job to achieve the mission is:
1. Initiating and carrying out the Board’s water supply development plans
2. Managing and conducting feasibility and design processes of the Board’s
projects to improve water supply services.
3. Working with consultants on feasibility studies for developmental projects
4. Coordinating the Board’s performance monitoring activities

3

1. Management of water quality
Current situation/ challengesWater quality management unit existing within NRWB with 6No permanent staff.
Water quality deteriorating in all surface sources due to environmental
degradation and climate change factors
Resulted into high usage of chemicals, rising treatment cost, rising plantinvestment costs
Lack of suitable equipment and laboratories for carrying out tests

Planned actionComprehensive catchment/water source management programs
Establishment of partnerships for integrated catchment management
Comprehensive monitoring systems and safety plans

AchievementsPartnerships with Forestry Department, Army and Councils
Annual re-afforestation programs in protected catchments
Regular monitoring system in place
Collaboration with other laboratories, Universities for tests
4－ 66 －

2. Reduction of non-revenue water1
 Constitution of Non-revenue Water –Note: Data not sufficient since water balance is not carried out

Authorized
consumption

Revenuewater(7,200,000)

Systeminput
volume(10,600,000)

Water
lossesNon
Revenue
Water
(NRW)

(3,400,000)

Billed authorized
consumption

xx m3 /year( %)Unbilled authorized
consumption(ex. fire fighting, cleaning)xx m3 /year( %)Apparent losses( Unauthorized
consumption(i.e. Illegal use),
Customer metering
inaccuracies )xx m3 /year( %)Real losses(Leakage)xx m3 /year( %) 5

2. Reduction of non-revenue water2
Current Situation

NRW is high at around 36% for the Board
Water Balance not carried out, only pilot project in one scheme Karonga Town.
Biggest scheme Mzuzu City NRW at 40%
NRW reduction Unit still under establishment, efforts to reduce NRW being
done by individual schemes

Strategies and Action






Establishment of a NRW reduction Unit to coordinate NRW reduction
Rezoning schemes into DMAs
Meter replacement and management program
Rehabilitation of old distribution networks
Implement Water Balance in all schemes

Achievements in NRW reduction

Setting up of the NRW reduction unit and recruitment of staff
Implementation of Water Demand Management (WDM) project in Mzuzu city
(biggest scheme) to focus on establishment of DMAs and NRW reduction
Karonga scheme pilot Water balance model6－ 67 －

3. Water Tariff
Current Situation

Water tariff is set by the organization NRWB but subject to approval by theGovernment
Tariff has 4major categories; commercials, institutions , domestic individuals
and low income Communal water points (CWPs).
Tariff setup subsidizes for low income communities
Tariff provide for full cost recovery and minimal profit margins as governed byGovernment policy.

Challenges

Bureaucracy delays timely implementation of tariff changes
Political factors play part in course of getting approval from Government
Untimely bill payment by some Government institutions like Army and Police
who are major customers results into cash flow problems and accumulation of
debtors

StrategiesPlanning for automatic tariff adjustment system
Proposal to have an independent regulator for water utilities
Implementation of prepaid metering system to improve cash flow
7

4. Water supply service standards /Performance
Indicators
Current situation


79% supply coverage in designated NRWB supply areas
18hours/day average supply time due to power outages and inadequate raw
water sources
Monthly, quarterly and annual performance monitoring in place

Challenges
Unreliable power supply main challenge in all schemes
Old dilapidating distribution networks that require rehabilitation
Inadequate raw water sources in some of the schemes
Challenges to source funding for investment projects to improve supply
standards

Plans, Strategies and actions
Plans to pilot alternative energy supply like solar and wind
Design and construction of new dams as additional raw water sources in someof the schemes facing raw water sources inadequacies
Rehabilitation and upgrading supply networks
Collaborating with development partners to source funding－ 68 －

8

5. Management of water supply service on a selfsupporting basis
Current situation

Current tariffs provides for NRWB to run on a self supporting basis but there
are cash flow problems due to delays in approving adjustments, and failure ofmajor institutions to honor their bills on time.
There is no subsidy from the Government for operations of the Board but theGovernment facilitates investment loans and access to grants from banks anddeveloping partners.
The Board conducts regular cash collection campaigns and negotiations toimprove cash flow.

Actions to address challenges/problems

Implementation of prepaid metering system to improve cash flow
Establishment of debt collection unit in all schemes to coordinate cash
collection activities
Regular cash collection campaigns conducted in all schemes
Need for an independent regulator for water utilities

9

6. Major recent achievement in improvement of watersupply services/management (PART1)(NRWB)
2007

INDICATORS

2014

14

Staff/1,000 connections

10

20,000

Production capacity m3/d

29,000WHO Guidelines

Water quality

WHO Guidelines

62%

Coverage area

79%

18hr/dSupply duration

18hr/d

1.5 bar

Supply pressure

2.0 bars

18000

Number of connections

36000

40%

NRW

36%

65%

Collection ratio

75%

250

Staff number

330－ 69 －

10

6. Major recent achievement in improvement ofwater supply services/management (PART2)
Rehabilitation and upgrading of treatment, transmission anddistribution systems in some of schemes like Mzuzu city
 Introduction of prepaid metering system in major schemes ofMzuzu and Karonga in 2013
 Twinning program with sister water companies in RSA,
Lesotho and Zambia that have staff exchange programs Implementation of online bill payment system in all schemes Piloting online monitoring of storage tanks levels in Mzuzu


11

7. Expectation for the Japanese private companies &Water Supply Utilities


Water quality management: Japan is a leading manufacturer of

Water Safety: To learn on how water safety plans are implemented

electronic instruments. I expect Japanese water companies to haveadvanced water quality monitoring technologies and measuring
equipment/instruments as well as techniques that can be adopted byour organization (NRWB).
 Non revenue water reduction: I expect Japanese water companies
to have very low levels of NRW and that they carry out full waterbalance performance monitoring. This will be an opportunity to learn
from their experiences, approaches as well as techniques andequipment on how best to reduce non revenue water in the set up of
our organization (NRWB).
 Water supply service standards: Since Japanese cities are big,advanced and highly industrialized I expect to gain knowledge insupply service planning, water demand management, pressure
management, quality control and performance monitoring.
 Self supporting management and tariffs: I expect to learn fromexisting policy and regulation in the Japanese water industry. How
Japanese water utilities set up tariffs and how they plan and financeinvestments.
in Japan and adopt similar water safety plan for NRWB.

－ 70 －

12

－ 71 －

WATER SUPPLY ADMINISTRATION FOR BETTER MANAGEMENT
OF WATER SUPPLY SERVICESCOUNTRY REPORT

1. Country: Nigeria (FCT)
2. Names:(a) Mallam Hudu Bello&(b) Mrs. Ololade Y. Okobi
3. Positions: (a)Director&(b) Asst. Director (Quality Control)
4. Organization: FCT Water Board

1

GENERAL COUNTRY PROFILE: BACKGROUND

The Nigerian Flag, officially adopted on October 1, 1960, consists of three vertical bands of green,
white and green.
Official Name Nigeria
Continent : Africa
Lat Long7.6219° N, 6.9743° E
Capital :Abuja
Largest City Lagos
Official Language : English
Major Religion : Christianity 50.80% Islam 48.80% Others 0.40%
National day1 October (1960)
Form of Government Federal presidential republic
President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan
Vice President Namadi Sambo
Currency Nigerian naira
GDP$522.180 billion 2014 estimate
Area Covered : 923,768 KM2Population : 162,470,737

2－ 73 －MISSION
 The Mission of my organization is to provide water of adequate

quantity and quality at an equitable rate to the residents of FCT.

 My mission in the organization is to harmonize and direct all

resources ( human, capital, machinery etc) to achieve theobjective of providing safe water supply and quality service tothe residents of the FCT and also ensure optimum revenue
generation for the organization.

 My actual job to achieve the mission is directing and managing

the entire daily operations of the organization.

3

RESERVOIR & PRO－ 74 －

1. MANAGEMENT OF WATER QUALITY
 This is being improved nationally. The Federal Ministry of water

Resources is currently the regulatory agency for national water
quality monitoring. The Ministry has 6 functional regional
laboratories located across the 6 geo political zones of thecountry.
 A national Drinking Water Standard has been developed incollaboration with the Standards Organization of Nigeria (SON) The FCTWB monitors water from the catchment area throughthe treatment stage to the consumer point on a regular basis.
 Attend to customer’s complaint promptly

5

2. REDUCTION OF NON-REVENUE WATER1

The available data for non –revenue water is from a study conducted in2007 as outlined below. The study puts the percentage of non revenue
water at 66%

Water Production (144,000)

Authorised(51,120)

Consumption

36%

Unauthorised Consumption(93,600)

BilledAuthorised(49,392.14)

Consumption

Unbilled Authorised(1,727.86)

Consumption

Apparent Losses (56,160)

BilledMetered(13,829.80)

Consumption

Unbilled(190.06)

Consumption

BilledUn-metered(35,562.34)

Consumption

Unbilled Un-metered(1,537.79)

Consumption

Metered

Revenue Water (49,392.14)

34%

Non-revenue Water (95,327.86)
66%

Unauthorised Consumption (30,888)
Meter and Estimation Inaccuracies(25,272)

64%

LeakageonTransmission
Distribution mains (12,355.20)

Real Losses (37,440)

andLeakage and Overflows at Storage
Tanks(8,236.80)

Leakage on Service Connections up toMetering Point (16,848)

6－ 75 －

2. REDUCTION OF NON-REVENUE WATER2There is a dearth of data because of lack of infrastructure andadequate training on management of non – revenue water (egzonal meters, aging GI pipes etc).
 Effort is been made in collaboration with JICA on NRW for the
Board.
 A Smart Metering programme is also about to commence in
the WB

7

3. WATER TARIFF
The Water Board has a mandate to charge an equitable rate
for water supply. The tariff structure is differentiated as
domestic and commercial. Tariff is set and reviewed
periodically after due consultation with relevant stake holders,
supervised by an independent body, the Utilities Charges
Commission. Final approval is given by the Honourable
Minister of FCT.
 It is inconclusive if the current tariff is commensurate with costof production
8－ 76 －

4. WATER SUPPLY SERVICE STANDARDS /PERFORMANCE
INDICATORSFCTWB strives to comply with the international best practice inwater supply standards. Some of the indicators we have set forourselves are as follows:Volume of water treatedOptimizing power use
Total population servedHours of available water supply
Network leakage
Volume of water distributed
Continuity of service
Number of water quality complaints received per month and peryear etc.
Maintenance of plant and equipment
Optimizing chemical use
Water treatment plant capacity utilization

9

5. MANAGEMENT OF WATER SUPPLY SERVICE ON A SELFSUPPORTING BASIS

The current situation of the management of water supply
services in the FCT is that the infrastructure is provided by theEngineering Department of the Federal Capital Development
Agency (FCDA), an arm of the FCTA while the FCTWB is
responsible for daily operation and maintenance of the plants,
appurtenances and other infrastructure

10－ 77 －

6. MAJOR RECENT ACHIEVEMENT IN IMPROVEMENT OF WATER SUPPLYSERVICES/MANAGEMENT (PART1)
2004

INDICATORS

2014

22

Staff/1,000 connections

3.2

480,000m3/d

Production capacity m3/d

720,000m3/d

WHO

Water quality

WHO Guidelines

50%

Coverage area70%

*24hr/d

Supply duration*24hr/d4 barsSupply pressure

3.5 bars

26,881

Number of connections

191,092

*65%

NRW

* 60%

48%

Collection ratio

52.9%

1,650

Staff number

824

11

6. MAJOR RECENT ACHIEVEMENT IN IMPROVEMENT OF WATERSUPPLY SERVICES/MANAGEMENT (PART2)
Advanced metering systems (AMR & Smart Meter) Zonal Bulk metering Collaboration with JICA on reduction of NRW
 Improvement in Maintenance of leakages (surface) Completion and Commissioning of 3rd & 4th Treatment Plants

12－ 78 －

7. EXPECTATION FOR THE JAPANESE PRIVATE COMPANIES &WATER SUPPLY UTILITIESSupply of innovative water supply technology
 Exchange of ideas on best practices
 Capacity development
 Knowledge of leakage devices
13－ 79 －

－ 81 －

Water Supply Administration for Better
Management of Water Supply Services

INCEPTION REPORT:Country: REPUBLIC OF SOUTH SUDAN.
NAME: NANCY ELUZAI MANASSHEPOSITION: Assistant Engineer water Distribution
ORGANISATION: South Sudan Urban Water
Corporation/Juba Station
TOKYO Japan- May 17- 30 2015

Juba water supply Station
 Area: not determined Service area: 72km length Population: Above one(1) million.
 Population served: 1,900 plus.
 Water supply coverage:15%－ 83 －

Juba Water Distri.system
Airport

GudeleMunuki Res.

Munuki

Jub
a ch

ann

Juba townelP

HospitalRes.&PSP

Water treatment plant

Ba
hr

el
-J
ab
el

Parliament Res.

Th
e

Kator
P

Kator Res.

KonyoKonyo PS

LologoGumbo

Management statistics
 Non revenue water(NRW):40%.
 Leakage ratio: very high.
 Daily supply:

6,000 m3/day when city power is available.
3,500 m3/ using old inefficient standby Gens,above
14hrs/24 operation.
Average water rate: 2USD/m3.

Water Tariff collection:30%－ 84 －

Organization of Juba Station
Area
Manager
DeputyArea
Manager
Admin. &HR

Water
Purification

Revenue
Accounts

Water
Quality

Intake Mains

Two centrifugal pumps
capacity : 158 cubic
meter per hour
Three pumps ,two
operational, one
standby.

－ 85 －

Water
DistributionProjects&
planning

Monitoring operation.

Juba water treatment plant
was constructed in 2006
and commissioned in 2009.
Capacity:7,200 m3/ day.
System component.
Intake, Raw water pumps,
raw water tank Alum dosing
unit, Coagulation,
baffles,sed.,Filtration HOCL
disinfection unit& clear
water tanks

Juba Water treatment
plant－ 86 －

Experiment to produce cleaner water(Filter backwash test)

Filter backwash

Some time after filtration of settled
water, filter becomes stacked withdirty materials, and filter has to be
washed to restore its function

Old method:

Air blower: 3 minutes
Water backwashing: 4~5 minutes
Frequency: 2~3 times/filter/day

High lift Pumps

Three centrifugal pumps.
Capacity:150cubic meters perhour
Two operational,one standby.

－ 87 －New method: 5 minutes: 10 minutes: 1 times

Water Quality Management Plan
(Monthly Test)
Sampling locations: taps and tanks
 Household taps

Water supply system/Juba－ 88 －

A tanker Filling
station & public tap
stand –Two km
from the water
treatment plant.

Leak repair Activity.

－ 89 －

1-2. Specification of transmission
and distribution system
 Transmission and distribution pipeline
Material

Length (m)%Asbestos cement (AC)49,041

69%

Galvanized iron (GI)

1,295

2%

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

16,40323%

Steel (ST)

4,575

6%

Total (m)71,314100%

Distribution Network
91Km long,

71Km, Dilapidated
Mainly GI and Asbestos.
Distribution reservoirs:
1 Elevated Booster substation,
Two gravity 250 m3 capacity.
One ground distribution tank.

Japanese peace planning to assist ssuwc by excavation of distr.

－ 90 －

Challenges:

 Inadequate funds to meet operational cost.
 Spare parts not available.
 Some customers don’t pay bills(mostly gov’t institutions and

VIPs).
 WTP capacity is small(7,200m3/day) compared to demand, Dilapidated or Damaged distribution network.
 High rate of NRW(Illegal connection, leakage & bill payment.
 power supply is a problem.
 Lack of fuel.
 No excavator.
 HR.
 Malfunction of the Billing section PCs(No internet to keep
Antivirus updated.

Efficient water supply

 Construction of new water supply facilities/200,000m3.
 Replacement of the damaged existing distri. network
 Implementation of the grant aid(JICA) project.

 Procure water quality equipments.
 Recruit professional HR.
 Distribution management plan(leakage repairs

Installation of meters & GIS mapping).
 Customer care & education programs.
 Avail stock(fittings,Gen ,vehicles,electric,pump parts fuel)－ 91 －

N

Khartoum

SUDAN

SUDAN

JICA grant aid ProjectSouthern Sudan

Juba

Juba

(Southern
Sudan)

Sudan

N
Tanker Filling
Station No.8

Northern
Bari
Payam

Tanker Filling
Station No.4

Munuki Payam
Juba Town
Payam
Tanker Filling
Station No.2
Tanker Filling
Station No.3

New Water
Treatment Plant

Service
Reservoir

Tanker Filling
Station No.6
Tanker Filling
Station No.5

Kator
Payam

Tanker Filling
Station No.1
Tanker Filling
Station No.7

Rejaf Payam

01000 2000

5000 mThe Project for Improvement of
Water Supply System in Juba
 Under implementation
 Funded by Japanese Government
 Capacity 10,800 m3
 length 37 km
 Contracted: by Dai Nippon Construction (DNC)－ 92 －

－ 93 －

Country Report
Group Training (Leaders Training)
Water Supply Administration for Better
Management of Water Supply Services (A)Name: Mohamed Abdelgadir Mahdi
E-Mail: mohgadir@hotmail.com
Country: Republic of Sudan
Organization: Hawata Wad-Elageili Water Corporation－ 95 －

General Information

 Sudan is the second country in Africa according to thearea1,865,813) square kilometer.
 The total population of Sudan is(30,894,000) census 2008.
 Shares its boarders with Egypt to the north, the red sea to thenorth east, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan tothe south, the Central African Republic to the south west,
Chad to the west and Libya to the north west.
 Khartoum is the political capital.
 The form of government is federal presidential republic.
 Major religion is Islam ( 96.7) %, small Christianity minority.
 Official language are Arabic and English .
 National day on first of January each year(1956).
 National currency is the Sudanese pound (SDG).

Sudan Economy:About (80)% of the population depend on Agriculture(Cotton, Ground Nuts, Peanuts, Sorghum, Millet,
Wheat, Gum Arabic, Sugar Cane, Potatoes, Sesame,
Livestock).
Some (10)% of the population depend on Forestry
Production.
About (7)% of the population depend on Industries(Oil, Cotton Ginning, Textiles, Cement, Edible Oils,
Sugar, Soap Distilling, Shoes, Petroleum Refining,
Pharmaceuticals, Armaments, Automobile, Light Truck
Assembly).

－ 96 －

1.Organizational profile:
1.1The name of my organization is Hawata
Wad-Elageili Water Corporation.
1.2 It works to supply the beneficiaries withpotable drinking water.
1.3 It is a local public corporation works in partsof tow states (Gedarif and Sennar).
1.4 I am the Director General of this corporation
and responsible for good administration,finance budgeting, operation&maintenance and procurement andreplacement of the whole units.

Organizational Management• The administration of Hawata W.C. based on sharing
bases between the beneficiaries(Board of Directors)
and the executive administration of H.W.C. without
political interference.
• Departments
managers
carry
over
their
responsibilities with full authority.
• Village water man is responsible to call for any
breakdown to the system within his vicinity.
• Decisions usually taken in group discussion.
• Water man and kiosk operator is the choice of thevillage committee leaders.
• Hawata W.C. has an information sharing system.
－ 97 －

Chair man(board of
directors)

Director General

Adm&FinManager

External Plants
Manager－ 98 －

Oper&Mech.
Manager

Proj&Maint
Manager2. Water Resources:
2.1 The geographical background of Sudan:
The total area of forestry come to about 10% of
the whole area of Sudan.
The Nile is the dominant feature of Sudan, flowing(3000) kilometers from Uganda in the south to
Egypt in the north.
The Blue Nile and the White Nile originating in the
Ethiopian high lands and the Central African lakes,
respectively.
Other Nile tributaries are the Atbara, Dinder andRahad rivers.

2.2 Annual Precipitation
Town

Annual Precipitation(mm)StateKarima20.7

Northern

Hudeiba

39.4

Northern

Atbara59.9

River Nile

Shendi

77.6

River Nile

Shambat- Khartoum

127.5

Khartoum

Aroma

193.6

KassalaHalfa Elgedida

238.3

KassalaKassala251.2

KassalaWad medani

306.6

GeziraElshowak

501.9

Gedaref

Gedaref

603.7

GedarefElfasher

212.5

North Darfur

Ennnahud335.9

West Kordofan－ 99 －

Annual Precipitation
Town

Annual Precipitation(mm)

State

Kosti

351.1

White Nile

Eddueim

237.2

White Nile

Elobaid

318.5

North Kordofan

Sennar

420.1

SennarUmmbenin534.2

SennarAbu Naama

556

SennarElgeneina

523.8

Central Darfur

Nyala

398.3

South Darfur

Kadugli

633.1

South Kordofan

Rashad717.7

South Kordofan

Damazin

712.9

Blue Nile

2.3 Type of available water resources:
The main resources of water are the Nile and its
tributaries .
Deep boreholes in the areas with rich aquifers .
Dug hafirs(water pools) where there is no groundwater.
Hand pumps (shallow wells) with poor production.
2.4 The type of the future water resources:
Large water treatment plants along the rivers to
supply the cities and towns with potable water.
Collective well fields to supply many villages andcommunities with unique pipe network.
Water harvesting technics to make use of the rainwater for livestock.

－ 100 －

3. Policy and Regulations:Sudan have (18) State Water Corporations+Hawata Wad-Elageili Water Corporation
Before 1994, National Water Corporation
was the responsible body for water activities
in all the states.
After that each State Water Corporation
became responsible for water resources,
supply and distribution.
These policies and regulations put national
water corporation as a coordinator for thewater projects that budgeted on national level
only.
4. Water rates and Bill collections:
4.1 The water rates system:
 Each State have its own system of water rate and will beapproved by the state legal council.
 This water rate may not cover all the expenditure of the State
Water Corporation.
 Always there was a deficit in the budget of the state water
corporations.
 Hawata W.C. is the only one that have an adequate system(Law)that approve the budget by the Board of Directors(Beneficiaries).
4.2 The bill collection system: There are many types of bill collection depend on the policy ofeach state.
 Some use flat rate system classified according to the Diameter ofhouse connection.
 Some use flat rate with the collection throw electrical windows.
 Few are using water meters difference as consumption mainly
Hawata W.C.
－ 101 －

Hawata Financial Management• Setting of water tariff based to cover all the
production cost including reserve for replacement
and procurement of units and components.
• Annual budget and water tariff will be approved by
the board of directors.
• Revenue collection based on water meters
difference for water points and house connections.
• Water operators have incentives (3 tins/m3) free tocater for water splash and losses.
• Finance report made every month , quarterly andannually.

5. Water Supply Services:

5.1 About 65% of the Sudanese population wasserved by potable and clean drinking water.
5.2 There is no continuous supply in Sudan but
may reach to 18 hours per day of water
availability.
5.3 The potable water will be collected inreservoirs or elevated tanks and thendistributed to consumers through pipe
network.
5.4 Non revenue water is always as a constraint toan adequate operation and maintenancesystem.
－ 102 －

6.Private sector participation:
6.1 According to the policies of the government the private sector
participation will be limited only to work as contractor forthe projects that financed
either by the government orauthorized fund donors in the field of water resources
development, water treatment, water distribution.
Organization management, leakage repair will be done by
the state water corporations workmanship. Some statepracticed bill collection
through private companies but
they failed and now many are doing it throw the national
electricity windows.
6.2 The national government or state governments are the main
pointer to water supply services(e.g. water rates, personnel
employment, capital investment) . O/M budgeting is doneby the state water corporations.

7.Privatization in water supply systems:
7.1 According to the polices mentioned privatization is practiced in alimited water supply services (e.g. projects study and design,
executing as contractors, operation andmaintenancefor newly executed projects etc.).
7.2 Privatization will be on form of concession to some companies
or as BOOT system with other companies and mainlywith national or state owned companies.
7.3 As water is the vital important to human being we hope that the
government will change its policy towards water supply
services and try by some regulations or laws to involve
the private sector to carry some activities in water supply
systems and I think it will succeed as we have a practiceofHawata project which managed on sharing basis between thebeneficiaries (board of directors) and the administration
without political interference.
－ 103 －

－ 104 －－ 105 －－ 106 －－ 107 －Country Report-Sudan
Introduction

Kosti is a major and expanding town located on thewest bank of the White Nile river at a longitude of 320
40' east and a latitude of 130 10' north, about 300 km
South of Khartoum.

Water Resources

The Hydrogeological of Kosti City

The Hydrogeological of Kosti city is basement complex .

－ 108 －

The main Intake of Raw Water Supply to Kosti city from White Nile river and twins
transmition line size 12” long about 2.4 km.

Main Intake located Near Nile Port

IncomeExpenses

%79
%14
%5
%2
100%

SalaryCourts fines
ChemicalsElectricity
RepairothersTotal

462,857
84,857,13
68,571
131,999,98
85714
10285
844,284

Total income
Expenses
Deficit815,142,05
844,284
29,142,06

Budget－ 109 －

Budget (Amount USD)
29,142.0

Deficit

Payment from Users
617,142,08
Subsidy from government 131,999,98
New connection
47,142,85
Non-Revenue Water Ratio 18,857,14
Total Income
815,142,05

Expenses
844,284

Total
incomeExpenses

Total
income815,142.0

Kosti Network
Description

Length /kmRatio

CIP (Cast Iron Pipe(

60

10%

SP (Steel Pipe(30

5%PVC (Poly-Viny1Chloride)

240

40%

PEP(Poly-Ethylene Pipe)

120

20%

ACP(Asbestos Cement Pipe)

150

25%

600

100%

Total

240
150
Ratio
Lenth/km

120
20%

25%

ACP

40%

5%

PEP

PVC

Lenth/km

Ratio

30

10% 60SP

CIP(Raw Water Pumps low lift)
Pump No.

Q(m3/h)H(m)Pump Condition

1

500

36

working

2

500

36

working

3

500

35

working

4

500

35

working

5

500

35

working

6

500

36

working

7

500

36

working

8

500

36

working

Total

4000 m3/h－ 110 －

Diagram of Intake , Transmition Line &clarifiers
Intake No. (3)Pump (6) = 500 m3/h

Intake No. (1)Intake No. (2)Pump (7) = 500 m3/h

Pump (4) = 500 m3/h

Pump (1) = 500 m3/h

Pump (8) = 750 m3/h

Pump (5) = 500 m3/h

Pump (2) = 500 m3/h
Pump (3) = 750 m3/h
16"
Proposed

16"
Proposed

12"

12"

Existing

Clarifiers
Existing

Proposed

Diagram of Intake , Transmition Line &clarifiers
Intake No. (3)Pump (6) = 500 m3/h

Intake No. (1)Intake No. (2)Pump (7) = 500 m3/h

Pump (4) = 500 m3/h

Pump (1) = 500 m3/h

Pump (8) = 750 m3/h

Pump (5) = 500 m3/h

Pump (2) = 500 m3/h
Pump (3) = 750 m3/h
16"
Proposed

16"
Proposed

12"
Existing

Clarifiers
Existing

Proposed－ 111 －

12"

Intake Pumps

Intake No. (1), Low Lift Pumps

Intake No. (2), Low Lift Pumps

Characteristics of the Existing Clarifiers
Clarifier No

Diameter (m)Average

Q (m3/h)(Inflow)

Depth (m)
1

10.5

3.0

120

2

9.2

4.0

90

3

9.2

4.0

90

4

13.0

4.0

240

5

13.0

4.0

240

Total

780

－ 112 －

Conveyance System(Raw water)

Characteristics of the Existing Clarifiers
Clarifier No

Diameter (m)Average

Q (m3/h)(Inflow)

Depth (m)
1

10.5

3.0

120

2

9.2

4.0

90

3

9.2

4.0

90

4

13.0

4.0

240

5

13.0

4.0

240

Total

780

－ 113 －

Clarifiers No1

Clarifiers No 2 -3

Clarifiers No 4

Clarifiers No 5

High Lift Pumps
Pump No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Total

Q( m3/h)
500
500
500
500
750
750
500
4000 (m3/h)

High Lift Set of Pumps

H(m)
70
50
50
50
70
70
70

Pump Condition
workingworkingworkingworkingworkingworkingworking

Purification Water Distribution System－ 114 －

Main Problems of Kosti Water Treatment Plant
Problems
Technical
Bad maintenance & operation

CausesSolutionsTechnical labor shortage

The provision of skilled labor

Lack of training & rehabilitation

Attention to the training ofengineers & workers
Use of the main maintenancesystem using computer programs

Frequent wastage of waterproduced

Lack of application in planning,
design & operation

Raise the efficiency of workers
in the design &operation
Training on leak detection
equipment
Make the participants are fully
aware of the concepts of water
loss management.

Electric supply is unstable

Lack of health and safety rules

Deficit in water supply

Provide electric generators

Influence the operation ofpumps and networks

connect the station with stable &lasting electric line.

Employment at risk

Improving skills to ensure theirsafetySuspension of work & lack of
production

Establishment of security &safety department.

Problems
Technical

Managemental

CausesSolutions

Treatment of drinking
water purification

Movable diseases by water

Training for Chemical engineers

The high proportion of turbidity

Use modern type of laboratory
equipment

Amount of waterproduced is limited
coverage

Water purification unit is eligible

Improve water plant raise
productivity by modern means

Lack of independence ofwater

Representive government
intervention in the political

The independenceof the water to generatesufficient income .

Income not enough to cover
operation cost

Activate the low of water topunish abstainers to push themto pay invoices or bill.

Writing Report

Writing by hands

Improve Computer Skills

Water Administration
board

Ineffective

Activation the Administrationboard

No regularly meeting－ 115 －

ProblemsManagemental

CausesFees set up not enough

Solutions

Lack of water meters

Install flow meter

Lack of financial
calculation

Advance Training for accountant s

Kosti Water Treatment Plant－ 116 －

Problem of Kosti water treatment plant
1/Capacity for sedimentation basins issmall.
2/capacity for filters is small.
3/ capacity of the storages tank are small.
This capacity is not enough for current
needs of Kosti population.

4/ pollution in the intake.
5/ chemical pollutions from agricultural
fertilizers.
6/ chemical pollutions from River transport.

－ 117 －

7/ there is no fence in the intake
8/ the grass and scums
9/ the grass and moss inters throughthe intake channel
10/ pollution in the intake fromRiver transport
11/ frequent damage pumps
12/ water leaking in thepipe from intake

13/ water treatment plant operates more than design
capacity
14/ storage capacity of pure water is not enough
15/ the rapid mixing is broken
16/ the media is not good
17/ water leaking around the plant make the grass
growing frequent
18/ the discharge of Kosti city located up stream.
19/ lack of chemicals for treated water.

－ 118 －

20/ quick mixing in the clarifier (1) are not working.
21/ the scraper is not working so will lead to accumulation ofsilt in the sedimentation basin.
22/ rust in the steel filters from inside chemically affect thewater.
23/ the media is to short.
24/ leaking in the pipe of the back washing.
25/ leaking in the pipe from pure water to the tank.
26/ flouting valves are not working.
27/ some damage in the control valves.
28/ lack of drainage water on top of reserves tank.
29/ short of reserves tank.
30/ there is no control valves in the network pipes.
31/ the equipment in the laboratory are insufficient.
32/ the environment of the laboratory are not good.
33/ lack of chemicals for treated water all year

34/ quick mixing is not operate.
35/ scraper is not function.
36/ for chemicals they are not use it all time.
37/ the moss on top of the sedimentation basin.
38/ no maintains for washing valves.
39/ mixing in the filters 1-2-3 are not working.
40/ the flow water filter too quickly so that it
defect the media.
41/ all valves washing is not operating.
42/ inefficient air pump.
43/ the grass growing around the clarifiers.
44/ the level of reservoirs below ground level.
－ 119 －

－ 120 －－ 121 －－ 122 －－ 123 －－ 124 －－ 125 －－ 126 －－ 127 －－ 128 －－ 129 －－ 130 －－ 131 －－ 132 －－ 133 －Water Supply Administration for Better
Managementof Water Supply Services
Drafting Improvement Plan
1. Country: Tajikistan
2. Name: RAHIMOV Nazarali
3. Position: Director
4. Organization: Vodokanal of KurganTyube city

1

Contents of Improvement Plan Presentation
 Plan Title: “Decrease of Non Revenue
Water”
 Background Input (Resources required) Activity
 Due Date Outcome Cost Verification (Evaluation)－ 135 －

2

Background












Water Supply and Sewerage Services of Kurgan-Tyube city (Vodokanal of Kurgan-Tyube)
is an Affiliated Enterprise of State Unitary Enterprise “Khojagii Manzilii Komunali”. State
Unitary Enterprise “Khojagii Manziliyu Kommunali” is under direct subordination of theGovernment of the Republic of Tajikistan.
The Republic of Tajikistan is located in the south-eastern part of Central Asia. The area ofthe country is 143.100 km2. Tajikistan is a mountainous country: 93 % of its area ismountainous. Tajikistan has huge reserves of fresh water. Kurgan-Tyube is the city
located in south-west of Tajikistan, and is the administrative centre of Khatlon region.
Kurgan-Tyube city is located 100 km far from Dushanbe city.
Kurgan-Tyube Vodokanal has two water resources: underground and river water. Mainwater resource is river water which comes from Vakhsh river. The underground wells arevery old, constructed in 1970th, therefore it is needed of reconstruction.
The intake water volume is 22000m3 per one day and around 8 million cubic meters per
one year.
The population ratio to be served drinking water in Kurgan-tube city: 70%; not to beserved: 30%
Total of 38% of Non revenue water: 5% unbilled consumption, 8% apparent losses, 25%real losses.

3

Improvement Plan Worksheet
Activity to
be carriedNo
out

PersonEstimated
costs
(USD)

Kurgan2018
Tyube
Vodokanal,
KMK

Around 6
million
USD

Resources
Due
Responsibl
Date
requiredeInstallment
II Phase ofof new
Improvwater
ement
pipelines.
ofwater
Installment
inof water
Kurganmeters.
-Tyubecity by
EBRD(underconsideration)

Expected
Outcome
The waterloss isdecreased
due torepalcementof old pipes.
The installed
watermeters
will prevent
actual water
losses inconsumers.

Other
Resources

Indicatorsforverification
The NRW isdecreased
up to 20%:

It is expectedthat 35% ofexisting pipelines
will be replaced
and around 6000
water meters will
be installed in 2nd
Phase of
EBRD’s Project(15% has been
already replacedin Phase I of the
Project).

4－ 136 －

Input (Resources required)
List inputs from your side,

Manpower,
Place,
Information.

5

Person Responsible and role
 Keyperson: Director of Kurgan-

Tyube Vodokanal Key ministry: SUE “KMK”
 Task force: KT-Vodokanal and KMK Steering committee: KT-Vodokanal,
KMK, Donor Agency, Local
Government.
6－ 137 －

Activity to be carried out
Under Phase I of EBRD’s Project inKurgan-Tyube 15% of old pipelines
were replaced. And under Phase II of
the Project it is expected that 35% of
pipelines will be replaced.
Phase II of the EBRD’s Project is also
considers installation of around 6000
units of water meters.

7

Due Date
 Short Term Mid, Long Term: 3 years (2018)8－ 138 －

Expected Outcome
The installation of new pipelines will
decrease the real losses, which is
25% for the time being.
Installation of water meters will
decrease the apparent losses.
All these will promote to decrease of
NRW in Vodokanal.

9

Estimated costs (USD)
Around 6 million USD is expected for
replacement of pipelines and installationof water meters:
0.5 million USD for water meter;
5.5 million USD for water pipes;

10－ 139 －

Indicators for verification
8000 consumers in total will be
provided with water meters;
75 km of existing pipelines in total will
be replaced by new pipelines;
NRW will be reduced up to 20%.

11

－ 140 －

－ 141 －COUNTRY REPORT
Chambeshi Water and Sewerage Company Limited
Current Operations, Achievements, Challenges andWay forward

ZAMBIA
Willard M Mutoka – Director Technical Services - ChWSC© 2015

1. MANAGEMENT OF WATER QUALITY

1.1 CURRENT SITUATION AND MAJOR CHALLENGESCURRENT SITUATION Water Chlorination is usually manual.
 One Fixed Laboratory to analyze RC and Bacteriologicaland limited Physio-chemical tests available.
 Portable kits available to analyze RC only.
 Qualified and experienced Chemist (at Diploma Level)available for water quality analysis
 91% Compliant to Zambia Bureau of Standards(below the
Kaputa District – Existing water
minimum % Compliant)Intake at Choma river
MAJOR CHALLENGES
 Dilapidated water treatment, storage and distribution infrastructure
 Too basic water supply systems (no sedimentation, flocculation
filtration, and storage reservoirs)
 No Integrated approach to water safety planning as a Water Sector
 Sources are multi-purpose results heavy contamination
 Reactive approach to water quality management
 Limited both fixed and portable laboratories for bacteriological
Mbala District – Existing water
tests, turbidity meters, etc
treatment Tank at Chila Plant Lack of control on Land use in the water source catchment areas
 Distant geographical locations of Districts from the main fixed Laboratory－ 143 －

1.MANAGEMENT OF WATER QUALITY
1.2 CURRENT ACTIONS AND ANY ACHIEVEMENTS
CURRENT ACTION AGAINST THE PROBLEMS
 Ongoing projects to overhaul of distribution networks,
modernizing water treatment plants, installation of
motorized online chlorinators
Chinsali Water Project – Modular
 Establishment of Water Safety Teams
Plant Installation
 Capacity building by training District Managers andPlant Operators on Water Safety Planning Plan of equipping of current Lab and constructing of a new fixed
Lab educe on geographical distances and procuring portable
Kits in 2015
Isoka District – Construction of
750m3 Ground Water Reservoir
 Strengthening the water quality management by
employing SHEWA,.
 Stakeholder engagement in water source catchment preservation
planned for 2015 and beyond
ANY ACHIEVEMENT
Raising water quality compliant from 81% - 91% for 2014 Water Quality Results (National
Water and Sanitation Council).

1. MANAGEMENT OF WATER QUALITY

Kaputa District Stakeholders
Engagement

1.3 MONITORING SYSTEMo Annual water Sampling , Monitoring Reporting plans exist andare approved by the National Regulator
1.4 IMPLEMENTATION OF WATER SAFETY PLANSo Strengthening the water quality management by
employing SHEWA.
o Stakeholder engagement in water source catchment preservation
and water supply quality customer feedback began in 2013
and in progress－ 144 －

Mpika District
Stakeholders Engagement

2. REDUCTION OF NRW

2.1 CURRENT SITUATION AND MAJOR CHALLENGESCURRENT SITUATION
 58% NRW 2014 NWASCO Report
 Established a WDM Team
 44% Metering ratio on 16, 450 individual connections
 Calculation based on estimates, due to low metering ratio andlack of production meters
MAJOR CHALLENGES
 Dilapidated water treatment, storage and distribution
infrastructure Lack of adequate water distribution storage Reservoirs,
hence into direct pumping.
 Vandalism of Primary Distribution Main
 Illegal Water Consumers
 Lack of Water Demand Management Equipment
 Lack of Network Repair materials.

2. REDUCTION OF NRW

Elevated Tank at a School in Mpika

Water
overflowing

Vandalized TAZARA Rising Main –Chitulika, Mpika District

Kasoka Intake -Before

2.2 CURRENT ACTIONS AGAINST PROBLEMS
 Ongoing overhaul of Distribution networks, construction ofElevated water reservoirs.
 Metering exercise to attain 100% metering ratio by 2016
Kasoka Intake
 Equipping and strengthening of the WDM Teamafter Rehab
 Zoning of Supply areas and install Zonal Meters
 Stakeholder engagement to sensitize them on cost of vandalism
2.3 ANY ACHIEVEMENT Reduction of NRW from 67% - 58 % * Increased Metering ratio from 33% - 44%*
 Increased Hours of supply from 10hrs – 13hrs*

196m3 Elevated Tank Rehab in
Kasamanote * approved by NWASCO for 2014 Sector Report
Metering Exercise in Mpika District

Distribution network rehab
in Kasama－ 145 －

3. WATER SUPPLY SERVICES STANDARDS

3.1 CURRENT SITUATION AND CHALLENGESCURRENT SITUATION

54%
O &M
Cost
Coverage

Water
66%
44%
Quality 91% Water Supply Metering
Compliant Coverage
Ratio

20%
Sanitation
Coverage74%
Collection
Efficiency

CHALLENGES Lack of Capital Investment in Sanitation expansion projects
 Poor Power supply services (low and unstable voltages)
 Lack of Standby Pumping sets
 Frequent breakdown of machinery due to old state Unskilled Operative and Maintenance staff
 Dilapidated Infrastructure and inadequate water storage reservoirs
 Uneconomical Tariff
 High labour turnover due to poor remunerations

3. WATER SUPPLY SERVICES STANDARDS
3.2 ACTIONS TO MITIGATE Currently Construction and Rehab of Water Supply and Sanitation Systems going on in 5
District at a cost of more than USD29 Million
 Currently Consultancy Services being undertaken in 3 Districts to design a complete
water supply and sanitation systems at cost of more than USD1.6Million
 Consultancy Services are completing a Prefeasibility Study for the Company to Priotise
Investment and Development of a Master Plan for investment attraction
 Implementation of a Preventive Maintenance Management started in 2015
 Recruitment of Qualified Staff and In-house training started in 2013 is ongoing.
3.3 MONITORING BY PERFORMANCE INDICATORSNWWSSC & ChWSC Staff in August 2014

 Three year Minimum Service Level Guarantees
are signed with the Regulator NWASCO
 Performance Contracts with all Staff introduced
in 2014
 Annual Strategic Plans and Quarterly Review
 Benchmarking with other commercial Utilities
through Interactive visits.

－ 146 －

4. MANAGEMENT OF WATER SUPPLY SERVICE ON A SELFSUPPORTING BASIS
4.1 CURRENT SITUATION MAJOR CHALLENGESCURRENT SITUATION Low water coverage at 66%
 Low collection efficient at 74%
 Lack of investment funds
MAJOR CHALLENGES
Low expansion rate to new developed areas due to lack of capital funds
Low economic activities in service areas; mostly GRZ workers, retirees, low income
groups, less privileged.
Uneconomical Tariff
Political Interference

4.2 CURRENT ACTIONS AGAINST THE PROBLEMS Cost sharing (or Capital Contribution ) with Stakeholders (e. g developers ); in
agreement with the Water Policy to open new areas.
 Ring fencing of Investment Account and Bulk Procurement of New Connection
Materials.

5. RECENT MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS IN WATER SUPPLYSERVICES/ MANAGEMENTImproving water quality from 81% - 91%
Employment of Qualified StaffPrudent implementation of ongoing Capital
Projects
Construction Head OfficeImprovement of Water Supply Hours from 10– 13－ 147 －

6. EXPECTATIONS FORM JAPAN WATER SUPPLYSERVICES/ MANAGEMENT Real Solutions to Non Revenue Water Reduction and Implementations – Case
Studies Case Studies on Water Safety Plans formulation and Implementation

 Meter Selection and Policy formulation
 Simplified Sanitation Designs and Implementation for Per-urban or Low income
communities.
 Strategies on Energy Efficiencies, Energy Policy and Motor Policy formulation
 Equipment and Measuring Techniques employed in NRW Monitoring, Water Demand
Management, and Pressure Management.

－ 148 －

COUNTRY REPORT
Chambeshi Water and Sewerage Company Limited
Present Situation of the Water Supply Service(Annex 2)

ZAMBIA
Willard M Mutoka – Managing Director - ChWSC© 2015

1. ORGANISATION PROFILE
1.1 Name: Chambeshi Water and Sewerage Company
1.2 Type of Work and Services: Portable Water Supply andSanitation Services
1.3 Type of Organization: Private Company, registered underCompany’s Act, and owned by 12 Local Councils under the
Ministry of Local Government and Housing (MLGH)
1.4 Official Position: Managing Director－ 149 －

1. ORGANISATION PROFILE
BOARD OFDIRECTORS

MD

DTS

DF
Commercial
Manager

Project Manager

INTERNAL
AUDITORHEAD
PROCUREMENTHEAD IT

HRAM

12X1 DISTRICTMANAGERS

1X1 QAOTECHNICAL DEPARTMENTDTSTechnical
MTCE
Manager

Project
Manager

Operations M

WDM

MTCE
Officer

1X2 QAO

5X DMs2x0
Plumbers

2x 0Fitter

Operations N

8X DMsKEY:
Green – Vacant Positions
Reports to DTS till company is able upgrade to
Director status
Red – Recruited waiting to report.
Luwingu, Mporokoso, Mpika and Mbala no DMS－ 150 －

1X1 Transport Officer

AUTO MECHANIC

1. ORGANISATION PROFILEDIRECTOR FINANCE

FINANCIALACCOUNTANTASSISTANT FINANCIAL ACCOUNTANTASSISTANT FINANCIAL ACCOUNTANT

CASHIER

2. WATER SOURCES
2.1 Geographical Background

Note:

MANAGEMENTACCOUNTANT

District－ 151 －

2. WATER SOURCES
2.1 Geographical Background

2. WATER SOURCES
2.1 Geographical Background

N

Note:

District－ 152 －

2. WATER SOURCES

2.1 Geographical Background
The CU lies in the Northern part of Zambia, servicing Northern and Muchinga Provinces,
covering about a fifth of Zambia, 8o S, 29o E north of the province and 11o S, 32o E southof the province , within 11o south of the equator. The area is characterized by four seasons;cool dry winter running from June – July, the dry, warmer, windy and humid pre – rainyseason running from August – October, the wet, humid rainy season from November – Marchand the cool, dry post rainy season from April – May.
The area is also influenced by hilly topography, with Muchinga Escarpment on the east, andvarious hills scattered in the region.
The climate is influenced by the shifting of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), due
to the position of the sun, hence causing a marked pattern of precipitation. The northern partof the area in Kaputa receives an average of 1300mm of rainfall while the southern part,
Mpika receives a minimum of 850mm annually.
The temperature varies between 7oC and 37oC in the cold and hot season, respectively.

2. WATER SOURCES
2.2 Precipitation

Table of Precipitation for Isoka District (source Met Dept. – Kasama)
S/NO

SEASONANNUAL PRECIPIATION (MM)1

2014/2013-2

2013/2012

1,856.6

3

2012/2011

796.8

4

2011/2010

877.4

5

2010/2009

907.9

6

2009/2008

973.3

7

2008/2007

836.9

8

2007/2006

1,188.7

9

2006/2005

859.1

10

2005/2004

1,040.7－ 153 －

2. WATER SOURCES
2.2 Mean Annual Precipitation(Source: Government Water Policy Document of 1994)

2. WATER SOURCES
2.3 Types of Water resources
The region is rich in surfaces water, especially the north western part, where
there is Lake Bangweulu, Lake Mweru, Mweru - Wantipa and Lake Tanganyika.
The area is also rich in big perennial rivers, including, Chambeshi river,
Lukupa, Lubu, Lufubu, Lunzuwa, except in Nakonde and Isoka Districts where
the river dries up, and only spring water is available, respectively.
Hence, the CU’s source of water is surface water in all the districts except
Isoka, where the two springs are supplemented with ground water. Chilubi and
Mpulungu Districts are abstracting from Lakes Bangweulu and Tanganyika,
respectively.

Note: CU – Commercial Utility－ 154 －

2. WATER SOURCES
2.4 Daily and Annual Intake Volume
S/No.

Description

m3

1

Intake Water per day

31,342

2

Intake Water per Year

11,440,000

2.5 Type of Water Resources for the future
The water resources for the future remains as described above, in item 2.1.
This is largely dependent on the Governments effort to enhance water
resource management, by conserving trees in water catchment areas andreduce human activities in these areas.

3. Policy and Regulations
3.1 POLICY
Not until 1993, the Government had no policy on Water Resource
Management. During that year the Gvt. came up with a project todevelop a National Water Policy which was completed in Sept 1993 andLaunched in 1994.
- the Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency
Implementation Plan (2005-2030) and the Sixth National Development Plan
(2011-15- NATIONAL RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROGRAM- NATIONAL URBAN WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROGRAM- WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (WARMA)- NATIONAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION COUNCIL (NWASCO)－ 155 －

3. Policy and Regulations
3.2 REGULATIONSTo ensure effective and efficient water resource management, utilisation andconservation, to support economic growth, poverty reduction, and watersupply to domestic, commercial, industrial, and the pro-poor , agriculturaluse, the government came up with regulatory bodies;
1. NWASCO, Regulates;- Water supply quality- Water supply tariff- Water and sanitation coverage- NRW reduction- Hour of water supply, pressure, etc- Customer complaint and application for new connections- Approves licenses for Commercial Utilities and Private Operator
schemes
2. WARMA, Regulates;- Water resources and grants licenses for water abstractions

4. Water Rates and Bill collection
4.1 Water Rates (see slide 29)
Water rates are regulated and approved by Nwasco after the CU
applies, stating reasons for increasing the water Tariff.
- The rates are categorized;- Domestic, - metered and unmetered for Public points, low, medium
and high cost
- Commercial, Institution, - metered and unmetered.
- Bulk purchases, etc.
- Pre-paid water consumptions
4.2 Bill Collection System- Billing is done monthly, once bills are distributed manually, consumers
are given up to 14 days to voluntarily pay there bills at designatedcollection points.
- Consumers are forced to pay by disconnecting water supply foroutstanding bills for more than 14 days, after announcement is doneand 7 days grace period is given.

－ 156 －

5. Water Supply Services
5.1 Population Ratio
S/No.

Description

Figure1

Total population

312, 298

2

Total Population Served

212, 298

3

Water Supply Coverage

66.1%(Source: 2014 Nwasco Sector Report)

5.2 Hours of Supply
S/No.

Description

Figure1

Proportion of consumers on 24hrs

6.4%

2

Average hours of water supply

13hrs

5.3 Does the distribution water use for the portable water directly: YES

5.4 Non Revenue Water (NRW): 58% (Source: 2014 Nwasco Sector Report)

6. Private Sector Participation
6.1 Status of Private Sector Investment
NIL
6.2 Current Involvement of National Government in Water Supply
Services
S/No.

Description% Involvement

1

Water rates

100% Regulates
through Nwasco

2

Personnel Employment

Nil

3

O/M Budgeting

Nil

4

Capital Investment

100%

5

Payment of GRZ Bills10%－ 157 －

7. Current Situation of Privatization
7.1 Current situation of Privatization- Water Supply and Sanitation Act of 1997 made possible theformation Commercial Utilities.
- 11 CUs have been formed since then, and these are owned byvarious Local Councils that are the Ministry of Local Governmentand Housing (MLGH).
- National Water Supply and Sanitation Council, issues operating
licenses to CUs.
- Private participation is very limited to water schemes for privatecompanies where it is uneconomical for CUs to operate.
7.2 Type of Privatization- State Owned Enterprises (or Quasi-Government), Local Councils,
under MLGH, owns the CUs.
- The CUs are legal entities and are expected to operatecommercially.
7.3 Future Direction of Privatization- Not defined

I. Service Area
1. Size of Utility’s area of Responsibility: (165,456 sq.km)
2. Size of Utility’s present service area: (109,200.6 sq.km)
3. Population of Utility’s area of responsibility: (1,105,824)
4. Population of Utility’s present service area: ( 321,104)

5. Population served by the Utility with piped water supply:(136,148)
6. Number of towns served with piped water: (12)－ 158 －

II. Infrastructure Description
1. Source of raw water (please tick relevant boxes)bulk water from another utility / company
storage reservoir / impoundmentdirect river abstraction
ground waterother, please specify _____________________
2. Main methods of treatment (please tick relevant boxes)
none
disinfection
filtration
flocculation and sedimentation
aeration
desalinationother, please specify _____________________

II. Infrastructure Description
3. Capacity of production systems: (36,752. 31 m3/day)
4. Length of water distribution network (1.25 Km)
5. Capacity of storage in network: ( 22,274m3)
6. Piped water supply connections: please specify how many ineach category(2015 Data)
Domestic(Households)

15,529Non Domestic
Industrial
Commercial

Total

Institutional

881

265

Other

16,675

7. Number of connections with operating meters: (7,032Nos)
8. Typical length of service connection from water main towater meter: (571, 495 m)－ 159 －

III. Water Production & Consumption
1. Volume of water produced by utility: (10. 36 million m3/year)
2. Volume of water bought in bulk from other utility /company: (0 million m3/year)
3. Volume of water metered: (1.30million m3/year)
4. Estimated un-metered consumption ( % of meteredconsumption)
5. Estimate of average meter inaccuracy at typical flow rates(5% of metered consumption)
6. Volume of water billed / sold: please specify how much
(million m3/year) in each category
Domestic(Households)

Non Domestic
Industrial &Commercial

Institutional

Total
Other
4.140

IV. Water Supply System Performance
1. Number of customers who received intermittent supply:(15, 000 connections)
2. Typical duration of supply (planned and unplanned supply
interruptions): (4 hours / day)
3. Typical mains water pressure in your pipe: (6 meters)
4. Number of water pipe breaks in the distribution network:( # per year)
5. Requested number of tests of treated water for residual
chlorine: (1,925 # per year)
6. Number of tests of treated water for residual
chlorine carried out: (1,949 # per year)
7. Number of tests of treated water for residual
chlorine passed: (1,616 # per year)－ 160 －

V. Staff
1. Who does the work in your company (please tick relevantboxes)

permanent staff, salaried Government employeespayment staff, with contract
casual / part-time, contract staff
casual / part-time, wages
contracted out to outside company /agency
other, please specify _____________________
2. Number of FTE* staff in the company(please tick relevant boxes)
Corporate Services(Management,
Admin, Finance,
Technical, etc)

Water Supply (O &M, Customer
Services, Support
Services)

Other non water supply(e.g. waste water, drainage,
environment services)

TOTAL

33

122

4

159

*FTE = Full Time Equivalent staff (i.e. convert part-time and casual staff to equivalent full time staff

VI. Customers
1. Numbers of customers connected to water supply during
the year: ( 588 # / year)
2. Number of customer complaint recorded during the year:( 18,600 # / year)
3. Means by which customers can make a recorded
complaint (please tick relevant boxes)
in person
by telephoneby email
by letterother method, please specify - Social network - Facebook
4. How does the Utility find out the views of its customers? (please tick
relevant boxes)from customer interactions (letters, telephone calls, enquiry
counter, etc.)by responding to customer complaints－ 161 －

VI. Customers
 from customer surveys, questionnaires, etc.
 by market research Other method, please specify: Phone in radio programs
5. Typically* what is the connection charge for new
customers? (please specify how much in each category)Domestic
Non Domestic
Bulk water sales(Households) (Industrial, Commercial,
Institutional, other
Cost of 10 M
pipe +
associatedfittings

AVERAGE of all
categories

Cost of 10 M pipe +associated fittings

VI. Customers
6. Typically* what is the fixed water charge / month? (please
specify how much in each category)Domestic
Non Domestic
Bulk water sales(Households) (Industrial, Commercial,
Institutional, other

AVERAGE of all
categories

See attached tariff

7. Typically* what is the water tariff for meteredconsumption? (please specify how much in each category)(see attached tariff)
8. What would be the monthly bill for a household consuming
6m3 of water / month? (K14.04 (USD1.82))－ 162 －

Tariff* (USD equivalent divide by 7.7

VII. Questionnaire on Major Constraints
in water supply.
The constraint factor listed may prevent the participant’s sector from accelerated development. Markthe appropriate boxes so that they will show whether these factors represent a very severe (vs),severe(s) or moderate (m) impediment to the overall development of the entire sector. Constraints
are usually inter-related. Also, constraints ranking is subjective and will vary depending on theagency that makes the evaluation. However, it may be possible to determine the relative importanceamong them. Please indicate with the mark (√ ) for the situation of major constraints in the tablebelow.

Rating of constraints
Constraints

VS

S

M

1. Lack of definite govt. policy for the sector
2. Funding limitations√

3. Inadequate or outmoded legal framework
4. Inappropriate institutional framework√

5. Inadequate water resources
6. Insufficient knowledge of water resources

7. Inadequate cost-recovery framework
8. Insufficient trained personnel√√－ 163 －

VII. Questionnaire on Major Constraints
in water supply.
Rating of constraints
Constraints

VSS(1) Professional√(2) Sub-professional√

9. Lack of planning and design criteriaM√

10. Inappropriate technology√

11. Intermittent water service√

12. Operation and maintenance√

13. Logistics√

14. Import restrictions
15. Non-involvement of communities
16. Insufficient health education efforts√

17. Others (specify) - Economic activities

THANK YOUwillardmut@yahoo.co.uk－ 164 －√