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ＥＮＧＩＮＥＥＲＩＮＧ

ＵＮＩＶＥＲＳＩＴＹ

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ＴＳＵ，ＭＩＥ，ＪＡＰＡＮ三重大学工学部研究報告
第３１巻

２００６年１２月

目次

博 士 論 文 梗 概 （ ２ ０ ０ ５ 年 度 博 士 (工 学 ） の 学 位 取 得 者 ） … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

１

論文抄録（２００５年掲載） ……………………………………………………………………Ａ－

１

著書・編書・訳書・総説抄録（２００５年発行および掲載） ………………………………Ａ－７３

三

重

大

学

工学部研究報告
平成18年12月１日発行

編集兼発行者

三重大学工学部
三重県津市栗真町屋町１５７７

Rese arch Reports of the Faculty of Engineering
Mie University
Vol. 31

December 2006
CONTENTS

A bstracts of Doc tor ′s These s (R eceived The Degree of Doctorof Engineering in 2005 )…… ………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

１

A bstracts of Pap ers (P ublis hed in 2005) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Ａ － １

A bstracts of Boo ks a nd Revi ews (Published in 2005) ………………………………………………………………………… Ａ － 73

Research Reports of the Faculty of Engineering, Mie University

Publication Committee(*Chairman)
Naoki ISU*

Professor,Department of Information Engineering

Yasuo TAKEDA

Dean,Faculty of Engineering

Yasuyuki SUZUKI

Professor,Department of Mechanical Engineering

Eitoku NAKANISHI

Research Associate,Department of Mechanical Engineering

Satoshi KOMADA

Associate Professor,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Hideki SATOU

Research Associate,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Masataka KUBO

Associate Professor,Department of Chemistry for Materials

Atsushi HIRANO

Research Associate,Department of Chemistry for Materials

Satoshi ASANO

Associate Professor,Department of Architecture

Kenjirou MATSUURA

Research Associate,Department of Architecture

Hidetomo SUZUKI

Associate Professor,Department of Information Engineering

Ichiro TAKEUCHI

Research Associate,Department of Information Engineering

Yuichi NAKAMURA

Associate Professor,Department of Physics Engineering

Yuuji HUJIWARA

Research Associate,Department of Physics Engineering

Faculty of Engineering,Mie University
1577

Kurimamachiya-cho,Tsu,Mie 514-8507 JAPANStudy on Aerodynamic Force Acting on Rotating Blade in Field
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine
HIDEYUKI Kawabuchi(Fluid Engineering, Division of Systems Engineering).
Keywords: Fluid Machinery, Wind Mill, Blade, Pressure Distribution, Stall, Unsteady Flow,Yaw Effects, Shear Flow
1.Introduction
Though in recent years there has been substantial progress in the aerodynamic modeling and design ofhorizontal axis wind turbine, there is still a failure to predict high aerodynamic loads. Though today's rotor
blade is taking out about 40% of wind energy, it is possible to take it out up to 59.3% theoretically. However,
because the distribution of wind direction and speed changes, the amount of energy that can be actually takenout is influenced by wind condition.
Generally, wind turbine blade airfoil is designed by 2D numerical analysis combined with blade element
momentum theory, and verified in the wind tunnel test. However, in the field, the flow around the wind turbine
blade is unsteady, and it becomes complex due to the effect of Coriolis force, centrifugal force and threedimensional flow. It is uncertain that sufficiently detailed field measurements exist for validating aerodynamic
models against the actual three-dimensional, unsteady flow. Complexity of the flow behavior on the windturbine blade, makes it necessary to provide more data and for a broad range of experimental conditions.
This thesis shows the wind profile of upstream, and the pressure distribution on a rotor blade of a 10mdiameter wind turbine. The upstream wind condition of wind turbine and the aerodynamic force characteristicsof rotor blade are clarified by field experiment data, and it is used to develop the rotor blade and improve thewind turbine performance in the future.
2.Experiment and remarks
Results of this thesis are as follows:(1) At the radial section which close to two dimensional flow condition, the aerodynamic force improves
from the wind tunnel experiment.
(2) At the radial section in which the mainstream wind influence becomes remarkable, when the spatial inhomogeneity of the wind speed profile is large, the aerodynamic force decreases more than the windtunnel experiment.
(3) At the radial section in which the mainstream wind influence becomes remarkable, the aerodynamic
force decreases more than the wind tunnel experiment in yawed condition.
This result is not reflected in a current blade design, and it seems that it greatly influences development of arotor blade and a three-dimensional blade shape in the future. In addition, it proposed a concrete method tokeep the aerodynamic force of the rotor blade to be large from the correlation of an atmospheric turbulence andan aerodynamic force of rotor blade.
3.Conclusions
In the region of a large atmospheric turbulence and a complex terrain such as Japan, it is necessary toresearch including the upstream wind condition of wind turbine and the aerodynamic force characteristics ofrotor blade. Therefore, the data of aerodynamic force characteristic of rotor blade in operating condition aredemanded to design a blade. It is believed that the result of this thesis contributes to development of rotor blade,which shows high efficiency in unsteady shear flow.
Table 1 Contents of thesis
1. Introduction
1.1 Background of this study
1.2 Purpose of this study
1.3 Contents of this thesis
1.4 Nomenclature
2. Experimental apparatus and methodology
2.1 Test turbine and peripheral apparatus
2.2 Test blade and pressure measurement device
2.3 Calibration method of pressure measurement
2.4
Experiment
methodofpressuremeasurement
2.5 Visualization experimental apparatus
2.6 Visualization methodology
2.7 Wind tunnel test methodology
3. Equation for reducing an experiment result
3.1 Definitional equation
3.2 Data reduction method
4. Change of the mean aerodynamic force
characteristic of a blade due to radial flow
4.1 Prolusion
4.2 Change of the measured value due to theunsteady wind
4.3 Change of the blade performance against
local angle of attack
4.4 Change of the blade performance against
local slip

4.5 Comparison of the pressure distribution on a
blade surface
4.6 Summary
5. Change of the mean aerodynamic force
characteristic of a blade due to the fluctuation ofmainstream wind
5.1 Prolusion
5.2 Effect of the difference in the wind shear in
0 degree of yaw angles
5.3 Effect of the difference in yaw angle
5.4 Summary
6. Change of the mean aerodynamic force
characteristic of a blade for every azimuth angle
due to the fluctuation of mainstream wind
6.1 Prolusion
6.2 Effect of the difference in the wind shear in
0 degree of yaw angles
6.3 Effect of the difference in yaw angle
6.4 Summary
7. Conclusions
7.1 Summary of Chapter 4
7.2 Summary of Chapter 5
7.3 Summary of Chapter 6
Reference
Acknowledgement

Author’s publications[1] Takao MAEDA, Hideyuki KAWABUCHI, Yukimaru SHIMIZU, Albert BRUINING, Measurement ofPressure Distribution on Rotating Blade of Field Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine, Trans. of the JSME,
Series B, Vol.70, No.693 (2004-5), pp.1237-1243. [in Japanese][2] Takao MAEDA, Hideyuki KAWABUCHI, Pressure Distribution on Rotating Blade of Field Horizontal
Axis Wind Turbine in Yawed Condition, Trans. of the JSME, Series B, Vol.71, No.702 (2005-2), pp.530538. [in Japanese][3] Hideyuki KAWABUCHI, Takao MAEDA, Effect of Wind Shear on Characteristics of Rotating Blade of
Field Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine, Trans. of the JSME, Series B, Vol.71, No.708 (2005-8), pp.20752082. [in Japanese][4] Takao MAEDA, Hideyuki KAWABUCHI, Surface Pressure Measurement on a Rotating Blade of Field
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine in Yawed Condition, JSME International Journal, Series B, Vol.48, No.1
(2005), pp.156-163.
[5] T. Maeda, E. Ismaili, H. Kawabuchi, Y. Kamada, Surface Pressure Distribution on a Blade of a 10 m
Diameter HAWT (Field Measurements versus Wind Tunnel Measurements), Transactions of the ASME,
Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Vol.127 (2005), pp.185-191.

A Study on the Landscape Administrative Measures
Centered on the Landscape Ordinance in the Prefectures
Yoshio Bando（System of the architecture and urban planning, Division of Systems Engineering）
Keyword:the Prefectures, landscape ordinance, landscape administrative measure

1. The Background and Purpose
In Japan, the equipment and preservation of the landscape has been wrestled mainly with the landscapeordinances of the Prefectures and the municipalities from 1960’s. The number of the landscape ordinances is
27 in the Prefectures, in the case of including the municipalities about 500. In 2004, the Landscape Law’s
been enacted, for taking a new turn, it’s important to estimate thus landscape administrative measures.
So in this study, I’ll make clear the roles of the landscape administrative measures while taking therelation between the municipalities into consideration, and survey how the landscape administration of thePrefectures should be in future.
2. The types and change of the landscape ordinances in the Prefectures
About the present condition of the landscape administration of the Prefectures and the municipalities,
we’ve made the hearing from 2002 to 2005.
It’s clarified that in the main measures of the landscape ordinances of the Prefectures and themunicipalities there’re “the landscape-forming region etc. (the wide-landscape region and thelandscape-forming district)”, “the large-scale activities etc.”, “the important landscape structure etc.” and“the public enterprise etc.” as the hard measures, “the enlightenment etc.”, “the landscape-forming
agreement”, “the landscape-forming group” and “the support etc.” as the soft measures.
According to these analyses, the landscape ordinances of the Prefectures’ been classified in 3types of theregion protective type which regulates a limited region and has begun in 1969 in Miyazaki, the total
development type which has the hard and the soft measures for all region of the Prefectures and has been
established in the 20 Prefectures from the beginning in 1984 in Shiga, and the idea active type which
supports with the soft measures only the landscape formation by the lead of the residents and themunicipalities and has established in 2000 in Fukuoka, in 2001 in Hokkaido.
Still more, through the analyses of the correlation of the landscape ordinances of the Prefectures and themunicipalities, the landscape ordinances of the Prefectures have classified in 3 types of the standing side byside type for the Prefectures and the municipalities of the region protective type, the adjustment type for thePrefectures and the municipalities of the total development type, the self-support type for the Prefectures andthe municipalities of the idea active type.
3. The applying circumstances of the adjustment type
The characteristic of the adjustment type is that the Prefectures can apply the landscape administrative
measures suitably in by the shift etc. in response to the circumstances of the municipalities. The Prefectures
entrust the municipalities with the landscape administrative measures fundamentally avoiding the
duplication of the region by the shift in the case which the municipality enact the landscape ordinance having
the hard measures afterward for planning the landscape formation in all region by the hard measures.
Co, Nissetu Architecture OfficeBesides, a part of the Prefectures act the competence devolution and the consignment contract.
The soft measures don’t be shifted basically and the Prefectures and the municipalities apply theiradministrative measures severally. But under some circumstances, the Prefectures put in joint support,
promote the administrative measures for the support, and improve the consciousness of the municipalities.

4. The applying circumstances of the standing side by side type
The characteristic of the standing side by side type is that the Prefectures apply the hard and the soft
measures for the wide landscape in spite of the circumstances of the municipalities. It has cased the
doubleness of the notifying system for the duplication of the region in the Prefectures and the municipalities.
5. The applying circumstances of the self-support type
The characteristic of the self-support type is that the Prefectures can act the own administrative measureseffectively for the municipalities which have the landscape ordinances regulating the administrative
measures directly.
As the case of “the wide-landscape region” etc., it seems to be the subject that the Prefectures can’t act thelandscape formation by the administrative measures directly.
6. The roles of the landscape administrative measures
From these analyses, in the landscape ordinances of the Prefectures, it’s clear that there’re 3 roles which
are the wide region role acting the landscape formation extending all over the plural municipalities, theleading role that the Prefectures lead the administrative measures of the municipalities and the promotive
role promoting the landscape administrative measures of the municipalities etc. .
Though the standing side by side type has the wide region role and the self-support type has the promotive
role, the adjustment type has all 3 roles. Thereupon the adjustment type is the most effective for thepromotion of the landscape administrative measures smoothly.
Then I suggest about the adjustment type for the Prefectures and the municipalities to work together still
more from 2 view points.
One is that in the landscape ordinances it needs to prescribe all of the main administrative measuresconcluding “the important landscape structure etc.” and “the landscape–forming group” which haven’t been
acted enough.
The other is to carry favor with the competence devolution, the consignment contract, the unification of
the notifying system, the joint support etc. for acting the promotion of the landscape administrative
measures.
7. The future view
According to “the unification of the landscape administration” of the Landscape Law, in the case that boththe Prefectures and the municipalities are the landscape administrative party, in principle the municipalities
bear the landscape administration. So it’s worried about that the Prefectures can’t bear the wide region role,
the promotive role and the leading role sufficiently and that it cases the region which the regulation doesn’treach. Therefore it’s desirable that the Prefectures build the working relationship with the municipalities andmake good the both landscape ordinances by the Landscape Law.
Author’s publications[1]Y. Bando, S. Asano, and S. Imai, A study on the transfiguration of the landscape ordinance in the
Prefectures, Journal of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Engineering, Transactions of Architectural
Institute of Japan, No.578, pp.85-92, 2004.4[2] Y. Bando, S. Asano, and S. Imai, A study on the applying circumstances and roles of the landscapeadministrative measures in the landscape ordinance about the total development type -The present conditionof the prefectures’ landscape administrative measures centered on the landscape ordinances Part1, Journal ofArchitecture, Planning and Environmental Engineering, Transactions of Architectural Institute of Japan,
No.597, pp109-118, 2005.11

Study on Motion Control of Flexible Arm
Considering Sensor Failure

Yu Izumikawa(Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Systems Engineering)

Keywords: Fault-tolerance, Sensor Fault, Flexible Arm, Reaction Force Estimation

1.Introduction
In recent years, control system reliability has received much attention. In order to improve reliability,
control systems need to have abilities to detect a fault (fault detection) and to maintain the stability and thecontrol performance (fault tolerance). This paper is concerned with the vibration suppression control of aone-link flexible arm robot. In our control system, vibration suppression is realized by an additional
feedback of a strain gauge sensor attached to the arm besides motor angle. However, a sensor fault may
degrade a control performance and make the control system unstable at its worst. In this paper, we propose afault-tolerant control system for a disconnection fault of a strain gauge sensor, and the effectiveness of the
proposed fault-tolerant control system is examined through experiments.

2.Proposed control system
In the case of a strain gauge sensor fault, it ispossible to maintain a stability of the control system
by interruption of a faulty sensor signal. However, thisinterruption results in poor vibration suppression. In
the control system of the flexible arm, it is desirable tomaintain not only a stability of the control system but
also a vibration suppression performance after a strain
gauge sensor fault. For this purpose, we propose a
new fault-tolerant control system toFig.1 Proposed control system•estimate a strain gauge sensor signal,•

detect a fault by monitoring an estimation error between the sensor signal and the estimated value•

exchange a faulty sensor signal for the estimated one, and•

maintain a stability and a control performance after switching from a faulty sensor signal to theestimated one.

Figure 1 illustrates a configuration of the proposed fault-tolerant control system. The proposed system isconstructed by adding a strain gauge sensor signal observer, an adaptive algorithm, a fault-mode controller
CF, and a fault detector to the (normal) control system of the flexible arm.

3.Experimental results
In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed
fault-tolerant control system, a disconnection fault of
the strain gauge sensor occurs virtually at 180.35[s].

0.35
0.3
0.25

Figures 2 and 3 show the motor angle θ and the

0.2

distortion of the arm Sd, respectively, together with

0.15

the

The

0.1

no-switching case means that only interruption of a

0.05

faulty sensor signal is performed. The tracking

0

no-switching

case

for

comparison.

174

performance associated with the motor angle θ has

176

178

180

182

184

186

184

186

Fig.2 Motor angle θlittle degradation. While the vibration suppression
performance much degrades in the no-switching case,theproposed

case

shows

enoughvibration

0.2

suppression close to the fault-free scenario. These

0.15

results show that the proposed fault-tolerant control

0.1

system maintains the stability and the overall

0.05

performance after the strain gauge sensor fault.

0
-0.05

4.Conclusion
In this paper, we proposed the fault-tolerant control
system for the strain gauge sensor fault. In the
proposed system, the strain gauge sensor fault is

-0.1
-0.15
-0.2
174

176

178

180

182

Fig.3 Distortion of arm Sd

detected by monitoring the estimation error between the sensor signal and the estimated signal, and thecontrol system works with the estimated signal after fault detection. From some experimental results, we
confirmed that the proposed control system could maintain the stability and the control performance after thestrain gauge sensor fault.

Author’s publication[1] Y.Izumikawa, K.Yubai, and J.Hirai, “Fault-tolerant Control System of Flexible Arm for Sensor Fault byUsing Sensor Signal Observer”, IEEE/ASME Trans. Mechatronics. vol.10, no.4, pp.391—396, Aug. 2005.
[2] Y.Izumikawa, K.Yubai, and J.Hirai, “A Realization Method of Fault-tolerant Control of Flexible Armunder Sensor Fault by Using Adaptive Sensor Signal Observer”, Journal of Power Electronics, vol.5, no.1,
Jan. 2006.

Decision Problems for Non-Linear Term Rewriting Systems
Ichiro Mitsuhashi†(Computer Software, Division of Systems Engineering)
Keywords: Term rewriting system, Decision problem, Non-linear

1.

The purpose

A term rewriting system (TRS) is a set of directed equations (called rewrite rules). In this thesis, we consider thefollowing five fundamental decision problems for TRSs:
Joinability problem
For a TRS R and two terms s and t, can s and t be reduced to some common term by applying the rules of R?
Reachability problem
For a TRS R and two terms s and t, can s be reduced to t by applying the rules of R?
Word problem
For a TRS R and two terms s and t, are s and t convertible by applying the rules of R?
Unification problem
For a TRS R and two terms s and t, are s and t unifiable modulo R?
Confluence problem
For a TRS R, is R confluent (Church-Rosser)?
The word and unification problems are most important ones and their decision algorithms have various useful
applications in computer science, e.g., logic and functional programming, automated deduction,knowledge-based systems, computational linguistics, deductive databases, and so on. These two problems areclosely related to the other ones. For example, the word problem is equivalent to the joinability one if TRSs areconfluent. The unification problem includes the word problem as its special case and its decision algorithm often
needs an algorithm to decide joinability as its component. However, all of these problems are undecidable ingeneral, so that many researches finding decidable subclasses for them have been made so far. In this thesis, weconsider these decision problems for semi-constructor TRSs. Here, a semi-constructor TRS is such a TRS that all
defined symbols appearing in the right-hand side of each rewrite rule occur only in its ground subterms. This
class is a minimal subclass of non-right-linear TRSs, which include right-ground rules and collapsing rules. The
class of semi-constructor TRSs was introduced by us in order to explore the border between decidable andundecidable classes of these decision problems, since few nontrivial non-right-linear subclasses of TRSs which
possess these decidable properties have been known so far.
2.

The joinability and reachability problems

Joinability and reachability are known undecidable even if we restrict ourselves to flat TRSs. On the other hand,these problems are decidable for some subclasses of TRSs (e.g., right-ground TRSs, right-linear semi-monadic
TRSs, and right-linear finite path overlapping TRSs). Many of these decidability results have been obtained by
reducing these problems to decidable ones for tree automata, so that these decidable subclasses are restricted tothose of right-linear TRSs. In this thesis, we have shown that joinability is undecidable for linear†

Mie University

semi-constructor TRSs, but by developing a new proof technique, we have shown that this problem is decidable
for confluent semi-constructor TRSs and confluent semi-monadic TRSs. It follows that the word problem isdecidable for confluent semi-constructor TRSs and confluent semi-monadic TRSs, since the joinability is
decidable. We also have shown that reachability is undecidable both for linear semi-constructor TRSs andconfluent monadic and semi-constructor TRSs. These results are interesting, since no subclasses of TRSs withthe undecidable reachability but decidable joinability problems have been known so far.
3.

The unification problem

The unification problem is known undecidable even if we restrict ourselves to either right-ground TRSs or
terminating, confluent, monadic, and linear TRSs. On the other hand, it is known that this problem is decidable
for some subclasses of TRSs. In this thesis, we have shown that unification for confluent semi-constructor TRSs
is decidable. In order to obtain this result, we have developed a new unification algorithm obtained by refining
our previous algorithm for confluent simple TRSs, which is a proper subclass of confluent semi-constructor
TRSs. A main difference between the algorithms of the present thesis and of the previous works is that theprevious ones were constructed using decision algorithms for joinability and reachability, but the present one
using only a decision algorithm for joinability. This refinement is necessary to obtain our new result, sincereachability is undecidable for confluent semi-constructor TRSs.
4.

The confluence problem

We have shown that confluence is undecidable for semi-constructor TRSs. As a related result, it has beenreported that confluence is undecidable for flat TRSs. However, we have found that the proof is incorrect, andsucceeded in finding a correct proof.
5.

Remarks

We suggest the following problems as future works.
1. Finding subclasses of flat TRSs such that reachability is decidable.
2. Finding decidable subclasses of TRSs for unification problem, which properly include the class of confluent
semi-constructor TRSs.
Author’s publications[1] I.Mitsuhashi, M.Oyamaguchi, Y.Ohta, and T.Yamada. On the Unification Problem for Confluent Monadic
Term Rewriting Systems. Trans.IPS Japan on Programming, 44(SIG4(PRO17)), pp.54-66, 2003.
[2] I.Mitsuhashi, M.Oyamaguchi, Y.Ohta, and T.Yamada. The Joinability and Unification Problems for Confluent
Semi-Constructor TRSs. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on RTA2004, LNCS3091, pp.285-300,
2004.
[3] I.Mitsuhashi, M.Oyamaguchi, Y.Ohta, and T.Yamada. The Joinability and Related Decision Problems for
Semi-Constructor TRSs. Trans, IPS Japan, 47(5), pp1502-1514, 2006.
[4] I.Mitsuhashi, M.Oyamaguchi, and T.Yamada. The Reachability and Related Decision Problems for Monadic
and Semi-Constructor TRSs. Inf.Process.Lett, 98, pp219-22, 2006.

A Study on Energy Saving and Environmental Load Reduction
Method for Air-Conditioning System
Shigehiro ICHINOSE†
Architectural Engineering, Division of Systems Engineering
Keywords: Heat Pump Unit, Natural Working Fluids, Energy Saving, Humidity, Two-phase Flow Nozzle
1. The purpose
Air-conditioning systems mainly consist of heat source unit, which generate chilled and hot water andair-conditioner, which handle with heating load or cooling load. From the point of energy saving andenvironmental load reduction, it is important to operate these facilities and keep indoor environment
appropriately because its energy consumption rate to the hole building is almost 50%. Reflecting recentsocial situation, the social concern with environmental load reduction has been growing and we can see
some researches try to solve these issues. Aiming to achieve this purpose, two methods have beendeveloped in this study. The one is that development of heat pump unit with ice thermal storage tank using
natural working fluids, that is ammonia refrigerant. The other is that indoor relative humidity improvement
method during heating operation in winter and development of high efficiency humidifier system using
two-phase flow nozzle. The outline of study is shown below.
2. Development and performance estimate in aging change of heat pump unit using ammonia refrigerantwith ice thermal storage tank1)2)
As global environment problem has become an important issue, ammonia refrigerant has been watchedkeen interest because it dose not cause destruction of the ozone layer and global warming. We havedeveloped an air-source and water-source heat pump units using ammonia refrigerant with ice thermal
storage tank from the perspective for popularizing systems which use natural working energy and natural
working fluids. To further popularizing of this system, we have to verify its reliability and safety because
ammonia refrigerant is prescribed for toxic and combustible gas in ammonia gas regulations in Japan. In
this part, aiming to rationalize of its design, operation and maintenance, we carried out practical study toTable. Aging change after 5years and performance recovery between before and after overhaul of
popularized air-source heat pump unit using ammonia refrigerant with ice thermal storage tankClassification

Item

Thermal storage

Ice storage capacity

Capacity

Ice packing factor
Ice making capacity (Night time)
Heat pump operation capacity (Day time)

Efficiency (COP)

COP during ice making
COP during heat pump operation††

Compared with designed value
Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc.

Before overhaul

After overhaul

2002/7/3-4

2002/8/5-6†

Difference

Difference†

+2%
+1%
-2%
+2%
+11%
+16%

+1%
+2%
+4%
+16%
+15%
+26%

verify its performance both in development phase and aging change, and results of the field test forverification of its performance are presented. It was found that the heat pump unit using ammonia
refrigerant can be handled as well as the heat pump unit using fluorocarbon refrigerant such as HFC.

120

100

100
80

75

60
40

26

31
15

20
0
Two phase flow
type

Vaporizing
type(Mulch)

Vaporizing
type(Central)

Water spraytype

Steam type

Electricity Consumption(W/kg)

Humidifier efficiency（Moistening quantity/water consumption）（%）

3. Study on the improvement of indoor relative humidity for office buildings during heating operations in
winter3)4)
Indoor relative humidity is stipulated for an important point in indoor environment regulations such as
Building Control Code in Japan. Based on the findings of indoor environment studies carried out during thewinter, however, relative humidity is below standards in many buildings. Aiming to clarify the actual stateof indoor relative humidity and improve it during the winter, we have selected sixty-nine office buildings
located in Central Japan and carried out a study. We have also investigated actual performance of popular
humidifiers that are frequently used in air-conditioning systems. Throughout this study, we classified thefactors that degrade indoor relative humidity into two categories. One consists of factors caused by building
side such as infiltration and decreased winter loads. The other consists of factors caused by humidifier suchas low performance at low indoor temperatures. Given that the winter load in office buildings has tended todecrease because of improvements of building insulation and increasing number of office equipment used
in office buildings, almost all the popular humidifier except the steam type failed to maintain performancedue to low indoor temperatures. For the reasons mentioned above, we developed a high-efficiency
humidifier system that uses a two -phase flow nozzle for industrial use. Because its spray particles are
smaller than those of popular spray types, its performance is not affected by indoor air temperature. In thispart presents results of the investigation and methods of improvement including development of ahigh-efficiency humidifier system. Results indicated that about 80% of office buildings studied could not
maintain relative humidity to standard during the winter. Relative humidity remarkably improved in officebuildings which had a high-efficiency humidifier system using two-phase flow nozzle. If steps are also
taken for the building, then relative humidify in office buildings will further improve.
1000
900

900

800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100

20

70

0
Steam type

Water spraytype

Two phase flow
type

Figure. Humidity efficiency under fan operation (20℃,30% (left)) and Electricity consumption (right)
compared with popularized humidifier’
Author s publications
1) Development and performance estimate in aging change of heat pump unit using ammonia refrigerantwith ice thermal storage tank, Transactions of the Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning and SanitaryEngineers of Japan, No.96, 2005, pp51-61
2) Actual field test to assess performance of water-source heat pump unit using ammonia refrigerant withice thermal storage tank, 9th International Conference on Thermal Energy Storage, PROCEEDINGS
Vol.1 2003, pp485-490
3) Study on the improvement of indoor relative humidity for office buildings during heating operations in
winter, Transactions of the Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan,
No.100, 2005, pp27-37
4) A study on improvement of indoor humidity in office building during heating operation in winter, The
2005 World Sustainable Building Conference SB05Tokyo, 2005, pp1400-1405

Studies on Performance Improvement of Jet Pump
Yukitaka Yamazaki †(Fluid Engineering, Division of System Engineering)
Keywords: Jet pump, Single nozzle, Efficiency, Mixing process, Local skin-friction coefficient, BWR

1.

Introduction
A jet pump has been widely used in the Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) plant, driven by the PLR (Primary
Loop Recirculation system) pump to recirculate the reactor core coolant because of its safety aspect byminimizing the PLR piping diameter and pump flow. The improvement of the BWR jet pump efficiency brings
an economic advantage because it reduces the operating power cost of the PLR pump for driving jet flow.
Recently in order to reduce the plant operating cost, improvement of the jet pump efficiency is expected forthe first-generation jet pump which efficiency is about 35%. And it is also needed to obtain fundamental
knowledge of the effect of surface roughness on jet pump performance in order to recover the efficiency bycleaning jet pumps which are reduced by attached crud such as iron oxide or chromium oxide inner-surface ofthe jet pump. Especially, it is important to specify the effect of the rough location in the throat because throat haslong length to mix the driving jet and the induced flow. In order to improve and recover the efficiency of the
BWR jet pump, experimental studies are performed for a typical single nozzle jet pump using water at room
temperature condition and a small-scale model.
2.

Experiment and Results
Figure 1 shows the experimental set-up of the jet pump performance tests. High pressure water pumped bya centrifugal pump flows into the nozzle as the driving jet flow. The driving jet and induced flow are mixed in
the throat and flow out after recovering pressure in the diffuser. Figure 2 shows the normal throat for
improvement test and the rough location test, and the diverging throat for improvement test.
1450

645
320

150

1235.7
65
P 2

P

P 3

P

P 1

50A

Motor

80A

50A

Centrifugal pump

Discharge(a) Normal throat

Suction
80A

x

750

P

117

412

f35

P

Flow control
valve
Flow meter
326

100

Jet pump

f35

ChamberP

429

Pressurized line nozzle

Vent nozzle

470

Drain nozzle

1919

Fig. 1 Experimental set-up of jet pump performance tests† TOSHIBA CORPORATION Power Systems Company

1°(b) Diverging throat
Fig. 2 Throat shapes

6°

1.1

Circular nozzle
s/Dn = 020

1: hb / hb,hs: Mb: Rough region

0.9

1.1

Circluar nozzle
Normal throats/Dn = 0: Normal throat
1

2

Flow rate ratio, M

Fig. 3 Effect of throat shape on efficiency

1.2: Estimation: Diverging throat

00Diffuser

Mb

30

10

1.3
ThroatBest efficiency ratio, hb / hb,hs

Efficiency, h (%)

40

0.8
0

0.5

1

1
1.5

Rough location, x/Lt

Fig. 4 Effect of rough location on the best efficiency

Figure 3 shows the effect of the throat shape on the jet pump efficiency h. The efficiency of the diverging
throat is improved about 2% compared with the normal throat. The results of flow analysis (CFD) show thatdivergence angle of about 1 deg is optimum and almost the same improvement of efficiency is expected at BWR
operating condition. Figure 4 shows the effect of rough location on the flow rate ratio Mb at the best efficiency
point and the best efficiency ratio hb /hb, hs, where hb, hs is the best efficiency of the hydraulically smooth jetpump. Mb and hb are decreased rapidly as rough location x/Lt is closer to the throat inlet. From the velocity
profile measurement results in case of hydraulically smooth throat, local skin friction coefficient Cf tends todecrease toward the throat exit and then increase after the transition to the turbulent boundary layer. Apparently
roughness in the throat inlet where Cf is larger greatly affects jet pump efficiency.
3.

Concluding remarksi) The efficiency of the diverging throat is improved about 2% compared with the normal throat.
ii) The results of the flow analysis show that divergence angle of about 1 deg is optimum for diverging throat
and efficiency improvement of the diverging throat is expected at BWR operating condition.
iii) Surface roughness located nearer the throat inlet has a greater effect on the jet pump efficiency because thelocal skin friction coefficient nearest the throat inlet is the larger. Therefore cleaning the throat inlet is themost effective to recover the jet pump efficiency.
Author’s publications[1] Y. Yamazaki, A. Yamazaki, T. Narabayashi, J. Suzuki and T. Shakouchi, Studies on Mixing Process andPerformance Improvement of Jet Pump (Effects of Nozzle and Throat Shapes), Trans. of JSME, Series B, Vol.
71, No.701 (2005-1), pp. 147-153.
[2] Y. Yamazaki, T. Nakayama, T. Narabayashi, H. Kobayashi and T. Shakouchi, Effect of Throat Surface
Roughness on Jet Pump Performance, Trans. of JSME, Series B, Vol. 72, No.720 (2006-8).
[3] Y. Yamazaki, A. Yamazaki, T. Narabayashi, J. Suzuki and T. Shakouchi, A STUDY ON PERFORMANCE OF
JET PUMPS (EFFECTS OF FLOW PASSAGE CONFIGURATION), Proceedings of 6th World Conference
on Experimental Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics, and Thermodynamics, ExHFT-6, (2005), CD-ROM.
[4] Y. Yamazaki, T. Nakayama, T. Narabayashi, H. Kobayashi and T. Shakouchi, EFFECT OF SURFACEROUGHNESS ON JET PUMP PERFORMANCE, Proceedings of Int. Conf. on Jets, Wakes and Separated
Flows, ICJWSF-2005, (2005), pp491-495.
[5] Y. Yamazaki, T. Nakayama, T. Narabayashi, H. Kobayashi and T. Shakouchi, EFFECT OF SURFACEROUGHNESS ON JET PUMP PERFORMANCE, JSME Int. Journal Series B, Vol. 49, No.4 (2006-11).
[6] T. Narabayashi, Y. Yamazaki, H. Kobayashi and T. Shakouchi, Flow Analysis for Single and Multi-Nozzle Jet
Pump, Proceedings of Int. Conf. on Jets, Wakes and Separated Flows, ICJWSF-2005, (2005), pp267-272.

A Study on Extraction Method and Waterfront Area Improvement for
Designing Irrigation Reservoir as Urban Parks
Akira Tomori
Mie University School of Engineering System Engineering
keywords: Reservoir, Parks, Extraction Method, Waterfront Area Improvement
1. INTRODUCTION
Open spaces with green and water are essential in helping to built healthy urban environment byimproving air quality and providing recreational opportunities for urban lifestyle. Reservoirs are manmade lakes
with the primary objective of storing water for irrigation, power generation and a host of other activities.
Therefore, irrigation reservoirs have the possibility to play a significant role to enhance the urban environment.
In order to find information needed to design irrigation reservoir as urban parks, the objectives of this thesis are:1) To classify and extract irrigation reservoirs with conditions for an improvement planning, 2) To clarify
characteristics of recreational activities at reservoirs waterfront area and, 3) To analyze the design of waterfront
area improvement for enjoying the benefits (characteristics) of reservoir and its surrounding(water front area).
2. EXTRACTION OF IRRIGATION RESERVOIR FOR IMPROVING AS URBAN PARKS
Chapter two describes a method of extraction of reservoir for improvement planning, especially as urban
resources. The area of search is Northern Chita Peninsula. Five common factors were extracted from 14
variables related to reservoir through factor analysis. In order to classify reservoirs, factor scores were adapted toclustering analysis. By comparing the factor score structure from reservoirs and those with improvement
projects, it was possible to extract reservoirs, which has possibilities for an improvement planning. Furthermore,by checcking the relationship between reservoirs extracted from the latter classification, for an improvement
planning, and from the former clustering, it was possible to indicate improvement methods from the view pointof combining and enhancing the use as agricultural facility for irriagtion and as environmental resource.
3. CHARACTERISTICS OF RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES AT RESERVOIRS' WATERFRONT AREAIn Chapter tree, characteristics of recreational activities at reservoir's waterfront area are investigated. Twosorts of survey were carried out to compare users' characteristics and recreational activities between a park withreservoir and another without reservoir. In a park with reservoir, passive recreational, active recreational andwalking were observed at waterfront area, which includes the walking path and the bank. Walking was thedominat recreational activitiy in this area and the majority of this recreational activity was daily or weekly –elderly users. Users that came to walk in a park with reservoir were more and stayed longer than in a park
without reservoir due to opportunities for enjoying the aesthetical quality that the reservoir and the environment
provide.
4. DESIGN OF WATERFRONT AREA IMPROVEMENT FOR ENJOYING RESERVOIRS' BEFENITSIn Chapter four, relations between places to watch and places to be watched are investigated in order toclarify design improvements that attend the needs of reservoirs' (waterfront area) users. Places to watch arelocated in places with good accessibility and goob visibility. Accessibility is related to the surrounding land use,such as parks, parking areas and access road. And visibility is related to the open space effect and the natural
diverse edge. The design of places to watch should attend the needs of users with good visibility andattractiveness; however, a precise location is necessary to not disturb the environment at the waterfront area
coexisting with the natural diversity.

5. CONCLUSION
The conclusions obtained from each chapter is as follow:
Chapter two: 1) 5 common factors (dimension, location, accessibility, aesthetical quality and maitenancecondition ) were extracted from 14 variables related to reservoir through factor analysis. In order to classify
reservoirs, factor scores were adpted to clustering analysis. Reservoirs were classified in 5 big patterns: [bigreservoirs], [irriagtion reservoirs in rural areas], [residential proximity reservoirs in rural areas], [small urban
reservoir], [small rural reservoir]. 2) In the area of search, almost 20% of reservoirs were improved as parks or
as 'rural improved projects'. By comparing the factor scores structure from reservoir and those with improvement
projects, it was possible to extract reservoirs, which has possibilities for an improvement planning. 3)
Furthermore, by checking the relationship between reservoirs extracted from 2), for an improvement planning,
and from 1), it was possible to indicate improvement methods from the viewpoint of combining and enhancing
the use as agricultural facility for irrigation and as environment resource.
Chapter tree: 1) Walking is the dominant recreational activity at the reservoir's waterfront area. The
majority of this recreational activity is daily or weekly elderely users. 2) Recreational activities can beclassified in 7 patterns: one pattern is single purpose activity and 6 patterns are multiple purpose activities. 3)
Pattern 1 (walking), pattern 6 (walking + chatting ) and pattern 7 (others) are common patterns in both parks.
Patterns 3,4 and 5 which are walking + watching the scenary are specific from the park with reservoir. 4) For
users from patterns 3,4 and 5, richness of green, fauna anf flora, and the water surface are reasons to use the park.
These are related to aesthetical quality that the reservoir and the surrounding provide.
Chapter four: 1) Places to watch can be categorized in 7 elements: walking path (circle and non-circle),deck , bridge, adjacent park, kiosk, terrace and lower terrace. Places to be watched can be categorized in 5
elements: water plant, background, decorated bank, planting and 'oasis garden'. 2) Decks, terraces and kiosks arelocated along the walking path, and close to places where users concentrate or easy to access, such as entrances,
access road, parking area or adjacent park. 3)Furthermore, 'places to watch' are also located in places with goodvisibility: places where users can contemplate the open space effect and the natural diverse edge of reservoirs.
And the diverse edge can be divided in preserved green area and improved green area. 4) The design of walking
path should also attend the needs of users with good visibility and attractiveness; however, the location should
be precise to not disturbe the environment at the waterfront area coexisting with the natural diversity.
Authors publications
1)「A comparison study in users' characteristics and recreational activities between a park with reservoir andanother without reservoir – Characteristics of recreatinal activities at reservoir's waterfront area」Akira Tomori,
Hirotaka Suzuki and Masuro Urayama, Journal of Architecture and Planning, AIJ, No. 598, December, 2005
2)「Study on classification if irriagtion reservoirs for improvement planning」Akira Tomori and Urayama
Masuro, Papers on Environmental Information Science, No.19 November, 2005

Separated Flow through Channel/Pipe with Abrupt Change
of Cross-section
Flow Control and Drag Reduction
Toshitake Ando*

Keywords: Abrupt contraction/expansion pipe, Forward/backward facing step, Drag reduction,
Flow separation, Flow control
1. Introduction
The flow through the pipe which has an abrupt change of cross-section has an annular vortex
region just after the abrupt change [Fig.1 and 2(a)]. The negative pressure in this region causes amagnificent flow resistance. Some flow control is needed to reduce the flow resistance of this kind of flow.
In this study, the reduction of the flow resistance by mounting a small ring shaped obstacle on the pipe wall[Fig.1 and 2(b)] is newly shown and examined. This is a simpler method than using diffuser, especially fora large scale pipe or duct system.
Two-dimensional forward-facing step is contained in the abrupt expansion pipe. For the first, thecontrol of the vortex region on the upper step surface of two-dimensional forward-facing step by small
obstacle (rectangular column) was examined. Next, reduction of flow resistance (drag) of abrupt
contraction pipe by ring shaped small obstacle was examined. Abrupt expansion pipe which has opposite
shape of abrupt contraction pipe was also examined. Experiments was carried on using water.
(a)

(a)

(b)

(b)
(a) without small obstacle(b) with small obstacle(a) without small obstacle(b) with small obstacle

Fig. 1 Abrupt contraction pipe

Fig. 2 Abrupt expansion pipe

2. Experimental Results
Figure 3 shows the stream lines of th flow over the forward facing step. Reynolds Number is Re =U H / n = 5,000 (U: velocity, n: kinematic viscosity). The rectangular column of h = 0.2H height ismounted on the lower step surface at L / H = 3.5. In this case, vortex region on the upper step surface issuppressed because separated flow from the rectangular column flows along the upper step surface. This
simple method is applied to the abrupt contraction and expansion pipe to reduce the flow resistance (drag)z [= 2 Dp / (rU12) where Dp: pressure loss at
expansion, r: density, U1: mean velocity in
upstream pipe]. Figure 3 and 4 show the flow
resistance (drag) in the cases of abrupt
contraction and expansion pipe, respectively. In
the case of abrupt contraction, pressure difference|DCp| [= 2 Dp / (rU12), where Dp pressure
difference] takes minimal value at L / H = 1. In Fig. 3 Control of the separation flow on the upper
step surface of forward facing-stepthe case of abrupt expansion pipe, the flow(Re
= 5,000, L / H = 3.5, h / H = 0.2)
resistance z takes the minimum value in the caseof L / H = 5 and h / H = 0.8.
*Mie University

Fig. 4 Flow resistance of abrupt contraction pipe
(A1/A2 = 4, h / H = 0.4)

Fig. 5 Flow resistance of abrupt expansion pipe
(A2/A1 = 4, Re=100,000)

3. Conclusion
Some major results are as follows:(1) The vortex region on the upper step surface of forward-facing step can be suppressed by mounting asmall obstacle (height: 0.2H) on the lower step surface. The size of vortex is decreased with increasing
L / H, and at L / H = 3.5 it disappeared almost because the separated flow from the small obstacle
flows along the upper step surface.
(2) The flow resistance of abrupt contraction pipe takes a minimum value for mounting a ring shaped
small obstacle on upstream pipe wall (lower step surface) at L / H = 1 because vortex region on thedownstream pipe (upper step surface) is suppressed. The reduction rate of flow resistance is 16% for
the pipe of contraction rate A1 / A2 = 4.0.
(3) In the case of abrupt expansion pipe of expansion rate of A2 / A1 = 4.0, the flow resistance takes aminimum value for mounting a small obstacle of h / H = 0.8 on down stream pipe wall at L / H = 2.07
because vortex region on the downstream pipe is make waken. The reduction rate of flow resistance is26%.
Author's Publication
1. Toshihiko Shakouchu, Kazunori Hirai, Kazuhiko Fujita and Toshitake Ando Self-Induced Oscillation ofThree-Dimensional Turbulent Jet Issued into Open Channel, Journal of JSME, 62-594B (1996), 527532.
2. Toshihiko Shakouchi, Toshitake Ando and Koji Nakano, Flow Characteristics over Forward Facing
Step and Control of Separated Flow, Journal of JSME, 65-637B (1999), 3008-3014.
3. Toshihiko Shakouchi, Toshitake Ando, Takayuki Sekine and Akira Matsumoto, Flow Characteristics,
Enhancement and Control of Fluctuation of Resonance Jet, Journal of JSME, 66-642 (2000), 352-358.
4. Toshitake Ando, Toshihiko Shakouchi and Keigo MiyataDrag Reduction of Abrupt Contraction Pipe
(Control of Flow Separation by Small Obstacle), Journal of JSME, 70-691 (2004), 650-656.
5. Toshitake Ando, Toshihiko Shakouchi, Hiroyuki Yamamoto and Koichi Tsujimoto, Control of Flow
Separation and Drag Reduction of Abrupt Expansion Pipe, Journal of JSME, 72-717 (2006), 1125-1130.
6. Toshihiko Shakouchi and Toshitake Ando, Behavior of Separated Turbulent Shear Flow over a
Forward-Facing Step and Its Control, Proceedings of 3rd Int. Symposium on Turbulence, Heat andMass Transfer (2000), 613-620.
7. Toshihiko Shakouchi, Toshitake Ando, Keisuke Ito, Mean and Vortex Shedding Flow Characteristics
over a Forward-Facing Step, Proceedings of 2001 ASME Fluid Engineering Division Summer Meeting(2001), CD-ROM.
8. Toshihiko Shakouchi, Takumi Maruyama, Toshitake Ando, Koichi Tsujimoto and Atsushi Watanabe, A
Study on Resonance Impinging and Wall Jets, Proceedings of 4th ASME/JSME Joint Fluids
Engineering Conference (2003), CD-ROM.
9. Toshitake Ando, Toshihiko Shakouchi and Keigo Miyata, Flow and Control of Abrupt Contraction Pipe
Flow, Proceedings of 6th KSME-JSME Thermal and Fluids Engineering Conference (2004), CD-ROM.

A－1

Abstracts of Papers (2005)
Department of Mechanical Engineering*nonmember
Influence of Containerless Solidification on Hardness in Multifunctional Titanium Based Alloys, Tomotsugu
AOYAMA, Haruki KAWAMURA, Shigeo KOTAKE and Yasuyuki SUZUKI, Key Engineering Materials, 297-300,
pp. 495-499, 2005.

Development of Fabricating Method of Nanoscale Pit with High Aspect Ratio Using Carbon Nanotube Probe,
Norikazu ARIMA*, Tomohiko SUGIYAMA*, Yohei FUJIMOTO*, Shigeo KOTAKE and Akihito MATSUMURO*,
Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering. Supplement. Contributed papers, 30, pp. 867-871, 2005.

Introduction of the Basic Topics on Quantum Calculation: The Image of Quantum Calculation and Quantum Gate,
Shigeo KOTAKE, Res. Rep. Fac. Eng. Mie. Univ., 30, pp.13-37, 2005.

Quantum Search Algorithm from Plural-phase Database with Single Query, Reiko MATSUMURA and Shigeo
KOTAKE, ERATO Conference on Quantum Information Science ’05, pp. 195-196, 2005.

A Formulization of Camera-Parameter Calibration Errors and Resultant Visual-Line Estimation Errors, Yoshihiko
NOMURA,Takashi FUJIMOTO, Dili Zhang,Trans. of JSME PartC, 71(706), pp.1937~ 1945,2005
The 3-D information obtained from cameras' 2D images is given as a visual line by using calibrated
parameter values, and we should evaluate the calibration accuracy with respect to the visual line direction error. In thispaper, the visual line direction error was examined, based on an evaluation criterion where the calibrated principal point
coordinates are taken as the references of the visual line. Many important characteristics with the calibrated parametervalue errors and their resulting visual line direction errors were found out by conducting a large amount of simulations
under various conditions such as the depth ratios of calibration chart, and the principal distances of cameras. Finally, theerror characteristics were analytically proved, and some formulae were derived. The formulae enable us to estimate
calibration errors for any calibration conditions in advance.
Direction-Indicating, Traction Manipulator to Support Mental Image Creation of Line Drawings, Yoshihiko
NOMURA, Maki OMOTO, Tokuhiro SUGIURA, Hirokazu MATSUI, and Norihiko KATO, CD-ROM Proc.11th
Intern. Conf. On Human-Computer Interaction, pp.1~6,2005
A mechatronics system to support mental image creation was developed. The mechanical part of the system
is a 3-DOF manipulator that is composed of a 2-DOF quadrilateral parallel-link actuator and a rotational actuator
embedded at arm-end of the parallel-link. A couple of servomotors of the 2-DOF manipulator control the arm-end

A－2

position. The arm-end actuator controls the direction of a knob attached to the rotational actuator axis. The person isassumed to pinch the knob by his/her fingertips. The knob is rotated to indicate the direction of the on-going stroke, andthe position of the knob axis traces the strokes of the presented figures sequentially. A couple of preeminent functions
are embedded in the process: one is a preparation effect by "the direction-indicating function, " and the other is thereviewal effect by "the traction function." The direction-indicating and traction functions play complementary role.

Study on the high compression processing of lecture image data, Yoshihiko Nomura, Ryutaro Matsuda, Ryota
Sakamoto, Tokuhiro Sugiura, Hirokazu Matsui, and Norihiko Kato, J.of Japanes Society for Engineering Education,
Vol.58(5), pp.107~111,2005
The authors proposed a high-quality and small-capacity lecture-video-file creating system for distancee-learning system. Examining the feature of the lecturing scene, the authors ingeniously employ two kinds ofimage-capturing equipment having complementary characteristics: one is a digital video camera with a low resolution
and a high frame rate, and the other is a digital still camera with a high resolution and a very low frame rate. Bymanaging the two kinds of image-capturing equipment, and by integrating them with image processing, we canproduce course materials with the greatly reduced file capacity: the course materials satisfy the requirements both forthe temporal resolution to see the lecturer's point-indicating actions and that for the high spatial resolution to read thesmall written letters. As a result of a comparative experiment, the e-lecture using the proposed system was confirmed tobe more effective than an ordinary lecture from the viewpoint of educational effect．

High-Quality and Small-Capacity Lecture-Video-File Creating System for Distance E-Learning, Yoshihiko Nomura,
Ryutaro Matsuda, Ryota Sakamoto, Tokuhiro Sugiura, Hirokazu Matsui, and Norihiko Kato, Proceedings of E-Learn
2005, pp.2264~2269,2005
The authors proposed a high-quality and small-capacity lecture-video-file creating system for distancee-learning system. Examining the features of the lecturing scene, the authors ingeniously employ two kinds ofimage-capturing equipment having complementary characteristics: one is a digital video camera with a low resolution
and a high frame rate, and the other is a digital still camera with a high resolution and a very low frame rate. Bymanaging the two kinds of image-capturing equipment, and by integrating them with image processing, we canproduce course materials with greatly reduced file capacity: the course materials satisfy the requirements both for the
temporal resolution to see a lecturer's point-indicating actions and for high spatial resolution to read small written letters.
As a result of comparative experiments, an e-lecture using the proposed file creating system was confirmed to be more
effective than an ordinary lecture from the viewpoint of the education effect.

High performance file compression algorithm for video-on-demand e-learning system, Yoshihiko Nomura, Ryutaro
Matsuda, Ryota Sakamoto, Tokuhiro Sugiura, Hirokazu Matsui, and Norihiko Kato, Proc. Part of SPIE Conference onIntelligent Robots and Computer Vision XXIII:Algorithms,Techni ques,and Active Vision, 6006,
pp.60060X-1~60060X-6,2005
Information processing and communication technology are progressing quickly, and are prevailingthroughout various technological fields. Therefore, the development of such technology should respond to the needs for
improvement of quality in the e-learning education system. The authors propose a new video-image compression
processing system that ingeniously employs the features of the lecturing scene: recognizing the a lecturer and a lectureA－3

stick by pattern recognition techniques, the video-image compression processing system deletes the figure of a lecturerof low importance and displays only the end point of a lecture stick. It enables us to create the highly compressed
lecture video files, which are suitable for the Internet distribution. We compare this technique with the other simple
methods such as the lower frame-rate video files, and the ordinary MPEG files. The experimental result shows that the
proposed compression processing system is much more effective than the others.

Proposal of Serially and Dynamically Separating Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Optimization of Robot
Control Systems, Koichi NAKAYAMA, Hirokazu MATSUI, Katsunori SHIMOHARA, Osamu KATAI, Proceedingsof the Tenth International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, pp.467-470 2005

Impedance control for an industrial power assist device, Ryojun IKEURA, Hiroyuki KATO, Sinpei
NOGUCHI, Kazuki MIZUTANI and *Hisashi NAKAMURA, Proceeding of Robotics Symposium in Japan,
pp.191-196, 2005.
This paper describes a control method for a power assist device used in factories. An adaptive
control scheme is employed to control the power assist device and to estimate its dynamic parameters.
Using the adaptive control, the maneuverability of the system is good in free space but it is very dangerous
in the task of which an object supported by system contacts on a floor or a wall. Therefore, we propose an
improved system controlled by an adaptive control in which the local control method changes to a feedback
or a feed forward control in the contact condition. The improved system detects collisions based on the
difference between the actual input torque to the power assist device and reference input torque, which is
calculated based on the estimated parameters of the manipulator dynamics. Then, the effectiveness of thesystem is shown.

Chaos and multiple period vibrations for a dynamic system with the piecewise linear stiffness, Kazuki
MIZUTANI, *Takaaki SHIBATA, Hideki SAWAI and Ryojun IKEURA, Proceedings of the 12th
International Congress on Sound and Vibration, pp.2041-2048, 2005
This paper studies the influence of the damping on chaos and multiple period for a harmonically
excited dynamic system with piecewise linear stiffness. The analysis of the simulation and the experimentis based on many data processing techniques, such as, the frequency response curve, bifurcation diagram,
FFT, phase plane diagram and Poincaré map. For relatively small damping, the chaos occurs suddenly after
period 1, and the frequency region where the chaos occurs becomes wider as damping increases. For large
damping, the chaos region becomes narrower as damping increases.

Analysis of the characteristics of human arm in cooperative motion between two humans, Nan ZHANG,
Ryojun IKEURA, Kazuki MIZUTANI and Hideki SAWAI, International Conference on Mechatronics andInformation Technology, pp.624232-1-7, 2005
This paper describes the characteristics of human arm in the cooperative motion by two humans. The
experiment was carried out on a hypothesis that the human arm around the elbow joint was considered as asimple mass-spring-damper dynamic system with one end fixed. In the investigation of the relaxed arm inA－4

clockwise motion from the equilibrium position by examining the physical parameters in the mathematicalmodel of the human arm, its impedance characteristics were recognized. It was found that the damping
factor was zero and the stiffness was individually linear. And besides, the friction-like force was discovered
to exist.

Automatic system, Ryojun IKEURA, Encyclopedia of Ergonomics by Maruzen Co. Ltd., pp.470-471,
2005.

Cooperative control, Ryojun IKEURA, Handbook of robot engineering by Robotics Society of Japan,
pp.828-830, 2005.

New Surgical Technique for Femoral Shaft Fracture with Shape Memory Alloy Intramedullary Nail [inJapanese], T. Katoh, Y. Kasai*, H. Kachi, T. Inaba, M. Tokuda, A. Uchida*: Orthopedic Surgery, Vol.56,
No.5, pp.599-602 , 2005.
An Experimental Study on Shape Memory Characteristics of Casted Ti-Ni Shape Memory Alloy [inJapanese], K. Kitamura*, T. Kuchida, T. Inaba, M. Tokuda, Y. Yoshimi*: J. Japan Inst. Metals, Vol.69, No.8,
pp.604-607, 2005.
Biomechanical Study for Ultimate Position of Lumbar Interbody Spacer [in Japanese], I. Nishimura, Y.
Kasai*, T. Inaba, A. Uchida*, M. Tokuda: Japanese J. of Clinical Biomechanics, Vol.26, pp.109-114, 2005.
Equivalent Cross-relaxation Rate Image for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Breast Carcinoma, S.
Mastsushima*, F. Sasaki*, H. Yamaura*, H. Iwata*, H. Ohsaki*, S. Era*, M. Sogami*, T. Inaba, M. Uike*,
Y. Kinosada*: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Vol.54, No.5, pp.1300-1304, 2005.
Analysis of Elastic-Viscoplastic Deformation ofPlain-Woven GFRP Laminates Using a Homogenization
Theory (Domain of Homogenization Analysis) [in Japanese], T. Matsuda*, Y. Nimiya*, N. Ohno*, M.
Tokuda: Trans. of the JSME, Series A, Vol.71, No.711, pp.1421-1427, 2005.
Quantitative Evaluation of Left Ventricular Wall Motion in Patient with Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Using Magnetic Resonance Tagging Technique [in Japanese], T. Inaba, T. Nakano, M. Tsutsumi, S.
Kawasaki*, Y. Kinosada*, M. Tokuda: Trans. of the JSME, Series A, Vol.71, No.711, pp.1595-1601, 2005.
The left ventricular wall motion during systole was investigated from a mechanical point of viewby using a magnetic resonance tagging technique. Subjects were seven patients with coronary artery bypass
grafting (CABG). At first, in order to evaluate the cardiac contractility in each patient, the circumferential
strain in myocardial wall was analyzed. It was found from the results that the circumferential strain in four
patients decreased compared with that in healthy humans. Next, the paradoxical wall motion in patientswith CABG was quantitatively described by calculating the displacement. The results showed that theradial displacement of septal wall in the patients was smaller than that in healthy humans, and the radialdisplacement of lateral wall was larger. Furthermore, anterior wall and posterior wall moved toward septal
wall. Such left ventricular wall motion was recognized in even the patients with normal cardiac contractility.
Therefore, it was considered that the paradoxical wall motion in the patients with CABG was not caused byA－5

a drop of the cardiac contractility, but a rigid-body motion of the heart.

Evaluation for Al/Cu bonding by liquefaction after solid phase diffusion in the air, Hiroshi KAWAKAMI, Jippei
SUZUKI, Masanori FUJIWARA, Junya NAKAJIMA, Proceedings of the 2005 Spring Annual Meeting of Korean
Welding Society, pp.393-395, 2005.
Aluminum is needed as the base metal of some new products, because it has low density and electricalresistivity. However, Aluminum is known as the metal which is more difficult for bonding and welding than steel. One
of reason is obstruction effect of the oxide films formed on the surface.
The simple Al/Cu bonding in the air is investigated in this study. This method includes the simple preprocessing and theheating over the eutectic temperature of Al-Cu system.

Effect of Carbon Content and Peritectic Reaction on Hot Cracking of Weld Metals of 0.3 to 0.6mass% Carbon Steels,
Hiroshi KAWAKAMI, Jippei SUZUKI, Koreaki TAMAKI, Documents of International Institute of Welding,
No.IX-2153-05, pp.1-23, 2005.
Effect of carbon was discussed from the view points of the metallurgical effect of impurity elements in theinterdendritic zone and the growth mode of dendrite. The concentrations of phosphorus, sulfur and carbon in the final
liquid was estimated by a series of micro-analyses on the particles existing in this zone. The width of dendrite wasmeasured in detail for the weld metal of a series of carbon contents. Weld metals of 0.2 to 0.6% carbon experienced
inevitably the peritectic reaction, delta-ferrite + liquid → austenite. The experimental results was analyzed inconnection with this reaction. Phosphide particles were observed in the interdendritic zone. The process of producing
this particle was discussed on the basis of the phase diagram of Fe-C-P system, and the temperature at which hot
cracking occurs was estimated.

Capacitor Discharge precession Welding of Pure Aluminum wire to Pure Copper Sheet, Maiqun ZHAO, Jippei
SUZUKI, Hiroshi KAWAKAMI, Fumihiko MATSUYAMA Proceedings of the 7th Joint Seminar of China-Japan
Amity Universities on Material Science & Engineering, pp.32-40, 2005.
Percussion welding with pure aluminum wire and copper sheet discussed in this paper. The optimization
condition for this joint was investigated systematically. The angle of wire end affects on tensile strength strongly. The
assistance by machine oil improved the weld quality with reducing excess heating and oxidation. Rapid solidificationand formation of intermetallc compounds in narrow weld are confirmed by SEM observation and EPMA analysis.

Microstructure in Al/Cu Bond with Solid Phase and Liquation, Junya NAKAJIMA, Masanori FUJIWARA, Hiroshi
KAWAKAMI, Jippei SUZUKI, Proceedings of the 7th Joint Seminar of China-Japan Amity Universities on Material
Science & Engineering, pp.65-70, 2005
The authors are investigating the simple Al/Cu bonding method. This bonding method is composed by thesimple processing and the heating over eutectic temperature of Al-Cu phase diagram. In case of this bonding, at first,
the solid state diffusion occurs at interface between aluminum and copper. When the composition of a region reaches inliquid-solid two phase area, the liquation occurs in there. Therefore, the solid state diffusion and the liquation occur in

A－6

the Al/Cu bond at same time and the unique microstructure forms. In this study, the unique microstructure in thebonded area was investigated by SEM observation and EPMA(WDS) analysis.

Improvement by SR Treatment on Creep Ductility in Welded 2 1/4Cr-1Mo Steel, Hiroshi KAWAKAMI, Koreaki
TAMAKI, Jippei SUZUKI, Proceedings of National Welding Seminar NWS2K5 of Indian Welding Society, pp.8-14,
2005.
2 1/4Cr-1Mo steel is used widely for the welded constructions such as boilers and pressure vessels. However,
the heat affected zone (HAZ) of this steel is very low in creep ductility[1-4]. The authors investigated this phenomenon
by using the synthetic HAZ specimen in which the microstructure of HAZ was reproduced. Stress relief annealing (SRtreatment) is usually given to the weldments to remove the residual stress before service. The authors believed that theSR treatment is also effective for improving the creep ductility of HAZ. In this study, the change of creep ductility of
HAZ and base metal was investigated by changing the conditions of SR treatment.

Welding in Asia, Hiroshi KAWAKAMI, Journal of the Japan Welding Engineering Society, Vol. 53, No.12 ,pp.109-114, 2005, (in Japanese).
Asian countries become to have the big economical power today. Japan is required the strong corporation
with all Asian countries for activity related with ISO. The author introduced the friendship activity of Japan Welding
Society in new age of Asia and appealed to the readers for commitment to this activity.

Delamination of A-FRP Plate during YAG Laser Drilling, Eitoku NAKANISHI, Takao YOSHIMOTO, Yutaka
SAWAKI and Kiyoshi ISOGIMI: Journal of Japan Society of Advanced Production Technology, Vol.23, No.1,
pp.26-32, 2005

Simulations of Fiber Deformation during Machining Aramid-FRP, Eitoku. Nakanishi, Masao Fukumori and Kiyoshi
Isogimi: Proceedings of 8th CIRP International Workshop on Modeling of Machining Operations, CD-ROM, 2005

YAG Laser Drilling of Aramid FRP Laminates, S. Kohzaki, Eitoku Nakanishi, Yutaka Sawaki and Kiyoshi Isogimi:
Proceedings of The 3rd International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in the 21st Century (LEM21),
pp.583-588, 2005

Simulations of Aramid fiber Deformation and Fracture Phenomena During Machining A-FRP”, E. Nakanishi, M.
Fukumori, Y Sawaki and K. Isogimi, Proceedings of 9th Japan International SAMPE Symposium & Exhibition
JISSE-9, pp.875-880, 2005

Research on impact properties of Aramid FRP, Y. Sun, Jun Watanabe, Eitoku Nakanishi, Yutaka Sawaki and Kiyoshi
Isogimi: Proceedings of 9th Japan International SAMPE Symposium & Exhibition JISSE-9, pp.645-650, 2005

A－7

Wind Tunnel and Field Experiments on Wake Behind Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine, Takao MAEDA, Yusuke
KINPARA and Tsutomu KAKINAGA: Transaction of JSME, Series B, Vol.71, No. 701, pp. 162-170, 2005.
Measurement results of the wake velocity profile behind 0.6m–diameter wind turbine in wind tunnel and10m- diameter wind turbine in the field are shown. The development of wind turbine wake was observed with the useof particle image velocimetry for wind tunnel measurement. Form the results of wind tunnel measurement, the wake
was expanded from the position where the tip vortex was almost dissipated. The wake velocity behind field windturbine was recorded in shorter distance than those for the turbine in the wind tunnel measurement. The wake area wasshifted toward radial direction related to wind turbine rotational direction. The wake velocity at lower half area below
rotor axis was not much recovered by the effect of the tower compared to those at upper half area above rotor axis.

Experimental Study on Flow around Blades of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine in Wind Tunnel, Takao MAEDA,
Yasunari KAMADA, Yusaku SAKAI and Naoki TAKAHARA: Transaction of JSME, Series B, Vol.71, No. 701, pp.
171-176, 2005.
This paper describes the measurement of the flow field around rotor blade. Three-bladed upwind rotor wastested in an open jet type wind tunnel. The rotor has a diameter of 2.4 m. Flow field around rotor blade was measured
with the use of two-dimensional LDV. The flow field was measured in x-y plane and z-y plane. The circulation aroundthe blade sections were calculated by flow vectors around the rotor blade. The velocity vectors at optimum operation
show a smooth flow around the blade and the bound vortex around blade cross-section seems to be persistent. On theother hand, the velocity vectors at stall condition demonstrate significant fluctuations in the near wake and separationon the blade suction side was observed. The circulation around blade span-wise section was calculated at the certain
control volume. By the observation of flow field and calculated results of circulation, it seems that the flow is separated
at the blade from middle-span region to tip region at stall condition. No separation was observed at the blade root
region.

Pressure Distribution on Rotating Blade of Field Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine in Yawed Condition, Takao MAEDA
and Hideyuki KAWABUCHI: Transaction of JSME, Series B, Vol.71, No. 702, pp. 156-164, 2005.
This paper shows the pressure distribution at 50% radial section on a rotor blade of 10m- diameter windturbine in yawed operation. The pressure sensors were mounted on the blade, and the local inflow angle and local
dynamic pressure were measured with the use of five hole Pitot tubes at 1 chord length upwind of the blade leadingedge. With the use of measured pressure distribution on the blade, the blade performances were calculated on the basisof the blade coordinate. As results of the measurements, the normal force coefficient in yawed condition decreases
compare to those for non-yawed condition. Even if local angle of attack and the relative inflow velocity are the same
condition, pressure distribution shows differences due to local slip angle. The tufts flows-visualization on the rotating
blade was carried out by setting the video camera on the rotating system. By the observation of tufts behavior, thereduction of normal force coefficient is mainly caused by the separation.

Experimental Study on Flow around Blades of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine in Wind Tunnel (2nd Report Studies on
the flow around blade based on pressure distribution), Takao MAEDA, Yasunari KAMADA, Yusaku SAKAI andNaoki TAKAHARA: Transaction of JSME, Series B, Vol.71, No. 705, pp. 1383-1389, 2005.

A－8

This paper describes the results of the surface pressure measurements on a wind turbine rotor and thevelocity measurements around the rotating blade. The experiments are carried out in a wind tunnel with a 2.4m
diameter three-bladed wind turbine. The pressure taps are set at 31 positions in each of four test sections. Four radial
sections at r/R=0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.85 are selected for the measurements. The pressure distributions are measured forboth rotating and non-rotating situation. These pressure distributions are compared and used for detecting the angle ofattack for the rotating blade. The pressure distribution at r/R>0.7 shows the good agreements between rotating andnon-rotating situation. The pressure distribution for the inner part of r/R<0.5 shows the stall delay. Also, by using theangle of attack estimated from the pressure distribution and the velocity distribution, the representative point for the
relative velocity to the blade section is discussed. The angle of attack is compared with the designed value by the blade
elements momentum theory.

Effect of wind Shear on Characteristics of Rotating Blade of Field Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine, Hideyuki
KAWABUCHI and Takao MAEDA: Transaction of JSME, Series B, Vol.71, No. 708, pp. 2075-2082, 2005.
This paper shows the aerodynamic characteristics at 50% radial section on rotor blade of 10m-diameterwind turbine is exposed to wind shear. A sonic wind speed meter and six cup anemometers are installed 1D upwind of
the turbine in order to measure wind profiles. The anemometers at the top, middle and bottom levels are installed at aheight of 18.3, 13.3 and 8.3 meters respectively, which correspond with the height of tip at blade top position, hub
height, and tip at blade bottom position, respectively. As the results of the measurement, the normal force coefficient instrong wind shear condition decreases compared to those for weak wind shear condition. Even if local angle of attack isalmost same condition, the normal force coefficient shows differences due to hysteresis effect. Especially, influence islarge when not only a height direction but also a horizontal direction has strong wind shear. A remarkable difference
appears in the pressure distribution at that condition.

Surface Pressure Measurement on a Rotating Blade of Field Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine in Yawed Condition, Takao
MAEDA and Hideyuki KAWABUCHI, JSME International Journal Series B, Vol. 48, No. 1, pp.156-163, 2005.
This paper shows the pressure distribution at the 50%radial section of a rotor blade of 10m-diameter windturbine in yawed operation. The pressure sensors were mounted on the blade, and local inflow angle and local dynamic
pressure were measured with the use of five hole Pitot tubes at 1 chord length upwind of the blade leading edge. It was
found that the normal force coefficient in yawed condition decreases compared to that for non-yawed condition. Even if
local angle of attack and the relative inflow velocity are the same, pressure distribution shows differences due to the
local slip angle. The tufts flow-visualization on the rotating blade was carried out by setting a video camera on therotating system. Separation in the region of middle chord to trailing edge on suction surface is thought to be the main
reason of the reduction of normal force coefficients.
Surface Pressure Distribution on a Blade of a 10 m Diameter HAWT (Field Measurements versus Wind Tunnel
Measurements), T. Maeda, E. Ismaili, H. Kawabuchi, and Y. Kamada, Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Vol. 127-2,
pp. 185-191, 2005.
This paper exploits blade surface pressure data acquired by testing a three-bladed upwind turbine operatingin the field. Data were collected for a rotor blade at spanwise 0.7R with the rotor disc at zero yaw. Then, for the same
blade, surface pressure data were acquired by testing in a wind tunnel. Analyses compared aerodynamic forces andA－9

surface pressure distributions under field conditions against analogous baseline data acquired from the wind tunnel data.
The results show that aerodynamic performance of the section 70%, for local angle of attack below static stall, is similar
for free stream and wind tunnel conditions and resemblances those commonly observed on two-dimensional aerofoils
near stall. For post-stall flow, it is presumed that the exhibited differences are attributes of the differences on the
Reynolds numbers at which the experiments were conducted.

Development studies on a horizontal axis wind turbine with micro passive pitch-flap mechanism, Takao MAEDA,
Yasunari KAMADA, Takayuki KATO and Hiroshi TAMURA: WIND ENERGY, Vol. 29, No3, pp. 81-84, 2005.
The performance of micro passive pitch-flap mechanism is experimentally evaluated. The micro passive
mechanism uses the aerodynamic thrust and centrifugal force to activate the pitch motion for suppressing the rotor
torque incase of high wind speed condition. The tests are performed in the wind tunnel and the filed test site. As resultof measurements, the mechanism can suppress the both over power and over rotational speed in high wind condition.
Measurement of Wake behind Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine, Takao Maeda, Yasunari Kamada, Tsutomu Kakinaga
and Keita Nakano: Proceedings of International Conference On Jets, Wakes and Separated Flows, ICJWSF-2005, pp.
519-524, 2005.
The wake of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine rotor was studied with both wind tunnel and field measurements.
The detail measurements were carried out in the wind tunnel with Pitot tube array, and particle image velocimetry(PIV). The field measurements were carried out with cup anemometers and wind vane for 10-m diameter rotor. From
the wind tunnel measurement, the wake was expanded from the position where the tip vortex was dissipated. The wakevelocity behind field wind turbine was recovered in shorter distance than that for the wind tunnel measurement. The
wake area was shifted toward radial direction in rotational plane related to wind turbine rotational direction. The wakevelocity below rotor axis was not much recovered by the effect of tower compared to those above rotor axis.

Experimental Study on a 100kW Wind Turbine, Takao MAEDA, Yasunari KAMADA, Ismaili EDMOND:
Proceedings of EXPO WCWRF 2005, CD-ROM, p.4, 2005.
This research work was performed under a special coordination fund from the Japanese Ministry of scienceand education, as part of a project intended as a realistic demonstration of the coexistence and compliment of multi
renewable energy sources for remote and rural applications. As part of this project, a 100kW test wind turbine is erectedin Mie University experimental farm. Diameter of the wind turbine is 20m and the hub height is 30m. The wind turbine
is connected to the grid via a AC-DC-AC converter system. The wind speed was measured upstream the wind turbine
by a supersonic meter. In this study the performance of the experimental wind turbine is evaluated for different
experimental configurations, and a large amount of data has been obtained in wind speeds averaging up to 13m/s. In
addition, the velocity distribution downstream of the wind turbine was measured by the Doppler SODAR .

Relationship between Wind Profile and Terrain Configuration, Takao MAEDA, Yasunari KAMADA, Bo Yang, Ismaili
EDMOND: Proceedings of EXPO WCWRF 2005, CD-ROM, p.4, 2005.
Traditionally, as a routine procedure, the measurement of the wind speed for wind energy purposes, such assite assessment, has been performed with the use of cup anemometers mounted at the top of masts. The wind speed at

A－10

hub height is estimated using power law based on the observational data obtained from the anemometers. In this papera new method of determining the power law index taking into consideration the effect of the topographical features of
the terrain, is presented. The boundary layer distribution using the new power law index is compared with the
distribution obtained by the least square method. A difference less than 5% is found, which makes the new power law
index very useful in estimating accurately the wind speed up to hub height.

Numerical Analysis on Performance Prediction of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine, Takao MAEDA, Yasunari
KAMADA, Ismaili EDMOND, Koma ARIGA: Proceedings of EXPO WCWRF 2005, CD-ROM, p.4, 2005.
The aerodynamic characteristics of wind turbines are closely related to the geometry of their blade airfoil
sections. The innovation and the technological development of wind turbine blades airfoil sections can be classified in
two groups: Improvement of the existing blade profiles and Design of new shapes of blades in order to achieve better
aerodynamic characteristics. Though in recent years there has been substantial progress in the aerodynamic modelingand design of horizontal axis wind turbine, there is still a failure to accurately predict high aerodynamic loads. Attention
is focused in developing CFD codes that accurately predict the performance of the wind turbine blade. This paper
presents a comparative evaluation of the numerical results obtained from CFD method and experimental results
obtained in the wind tunnel. The flow around rotor blade was analyzed by the CFD method and the performance of awind turbine was predicted. The turbulence models, SST model, k-ε model, low-Reynolds number k-ε model, wereused in this CFD. The predictor accuracy and problems raised with CFD modeling are discussed.

Studies on small scale woody biomass gasification system, Yasunari KAMADA, Norio WATANABE*, Takao
MAEDA, Ismaili EDMOND: Proceedings of WCWRF2005, CD-ROM, p.4, 2005.
This research work is performed as part of a project intended as a realistic demonstration of the coexistence
and compliment of multi renewable energy sources for remote and rural applications. In this way the project should
contribute to the securing reliable power sources and ongoing reduction of CO2. As part of the project, a small-scale
woody biomass generating plant is developed. In this paper, the experimental results of a small scale reactor arepresented. A real time monitoring of the temperatures and pressures (suction level) inside the reactor was recorded. Air
was supplied through pipe systems from the top of the reactor, and the suction inside the reactor was controlled througha variable speed suction fan. At a first stage, the gas production from woody biomass in the small-scale reactor wasachieved. The reactor control by suction fan was evaluated. The starting and stopping process were tested.

Development of a micro gate-type hydroelectric generation system(A Study of Active Gate System), Takao MAEDA,
Yasunari KAMADA, Ismaili EDMOND, Yoichi YAMADA: Proceedings of WCWRF2005, CD-ROM, p.4, 2005.
Developing of alternate environmental friendly energy resources becomes an imperative in energy andenvironment crisis appearing on the horizon. The hydropower has long been used worldwide and is well known for its
benefits. At the same time, utilization of large hydropower plants is blaming for the impact on the flora and fauna, andclimate change as well. In this study, the authors propose a micro-generation system that makes use of streams and it
does not need a large water head. The co-existence with aqua life passing through the gate is also investigated. In thisstudy, an active gate system was developed and evaluated. The relationships between the performance of the system,
flow rate, motor rotating speed, interval of opening and shutting of the gate have been investigated experimentally.

A－11

Relation between Surface Pressure Distribution and Coriolis Acceleration on Rotating Blade of Field Horizontal Axis
Wind Turbine, Takao Maeda, Hideyuki Kawabuchi : Proceedings of The 6th KSME-JSME Thermal and fluids
Engineering Conference, CD-ROM, DA.02, p.4, 2005.
In this paper are shown the surface pressure distributions acquired by testing a three-bladed upwind turbine
operating in the field. Data were collected at 90% spanwise section with the rotor disc at zero yaw. Inflow velocity andinflow angle to the rotating blade is changed due to non-uniformity and unsteadiness in the field. A spanwise velocity
component become large when local slip angle becomes large, since a circumferential velocity is large especially at
90% radius section. It seems that a certain influence of the Coriolis acceleration appears on the surface pressure
distributions, since the spanwise flow on the blade surface is curved by the Coriolis force. The estimated Coriolis
acceleration on the blade surface was found to be about ten times the gravity acceleration. By examining the relations
between the Coriolis acceleration and the surface pressure distributions on the rotating blade, it became clear that thenormal force coefficient decreased with increasing the Coriolis acceleration at the local angle of attack by which thestall delay begins to be observed.

Development of nosecone wind turbine in diffuser casing, Takao Maeda, Yasunari Kamada, Hiroshi Tamura :Proceedings of International Symposium on Eco Topia Scince 2005 Joind with IFSS-Nagoya05, pp. 87-88 , 2005.
Recently, the wind turbine installation has concentrated on the mountainous region where wind potential issuperior, because the power output of the wind turbine is in proportion to the third power of the wind velocity. The city
part has a fatal fault with low average wind velocity. If the wind can be accelerated effectively, it is possible to obtain
the output power that can be practicably used. Then, we take diffuser as acceleration method. Diffuser enables
acceleration by effect of sucking out that using a late internal flow and a fast external flow. In addition, it is effective to
use in the city part, for the reason why safety can be secured because there is not exposing the rotor outside. The
experiments are carried out with a wind tunnel. These measurements are performed with changing the open angle byequated entrance area of diffuser and exit area. Moreover, the shape of wind turbine boss part and nacelle part was
aerodynamically changed to improve the performance. It was not researched so far. In addition, Diffuser surrounding
flow was visualized with Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV).

Measurement of pressure distribution on oscillating airfoil, Takao Maeda, Yasunari Kamada, Shingo Suzuki:
Proceedings of International Symposium on Eco Topia Scince 2005 Joind with IFSS-Nagoya05, pp. 83-84, 2005.
Generally, the airfoil characteristic in static condition where the angle of attack doesn’t change in time isused for development of wind turbines blade. However, under the unsteady wind condition in which wind turbines isoperated, wind velocity and a wind direction change continuously and angle of attack for airfoils of wind turbines blade
is changed with large amplitude. Therefore, the airfoils for development of wind turbines blade requires highperformance in wide range of angle of attack and consideration for the dynamic state of changing in time. The airfoil
characteristic in static condition depends on the profile and Reynolds number, angle of attack, but in a dynamic state, it
depends on rotational center and attack angle change speed, attack angle change range in addition to them.

Study of pressure distribution on a rotor blade of field horizontal axis wind turbine, Takao MAEDA, Yasunari
KAMADA, Takashi SATO, Takashi KONDO: Proceedings of the 54th JSME tokai branch annual meeting, No. 053-1,

A－12

pp. 253-254, 2005.
This paper shows the experimental study on the field HAWT rotor aerodynamics. The 10m-diameeter test
wind turbine is used for this study. The inflow wind conditions are measured by the cup type anemometers and 3component sonic anemometer. The aerodynamic performance on the rotating blade is measured by the surface pressure
distribution. The relation between rotor yaw angle and sectional aerodynamic forces is shown.
Numerical analysis on performance prediction of horizontal axis wind turbine, Takao MAEDA, Yasunari KAMADA,
Hiroaki ITO: Proceedings of the 54th JSME tokai branch annual meeting, No. 053-1, pp. 259-260, 2005.
This paper describes the numerical analysis on the rotor blade. In this study, two types turbulence model, k-e
and SST are evaluated with the experimental data. As the results, the SST model shows the better accuracy to estimate
the aerodynamic force act on the rotating blade.
Studies on pressure distribution on the field wind turbine blade, Takao MAEDA, Yasunari KAMADA, Takashi
KONDO, Kei TANAKA: proceedings of the 10th National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems (SPES 2005)
pp. 71-72, 2005.
This report is a study to relate to pressure distribution on a field horizontal axis wind turbine. We were able
to confirm that a dynamic stall occurred in a wind turbine glade by doing this study. An angle of attack – Normal force
coefficient, Tangential force coefficient curve pictured a hysteria loop by a dynamic stall, but we cleared the change ofNormal force coefficient is uncertain and Tangential fore efficient pictures counterclockwise.
Studies on small scale generation plant by woody biomass gasification, Yasunari KAMADA, Takao MAEDA, Norio
WATANABE*, Edmond ISMAILI: proceedings of the 10th National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems(SPES 2005) pp. 225-226, 2005.
This report describes the experimental results of a small-scale generation plant by woody biomass
gasification. The gasification reactor is a fixed floor type. The diameter of roaster is 0.5m. A small gasification plant wastested with woody pellet. In the experiment multi point temperatures, pressures flow rates were measured. The detailsof data are shown in the paper.
Studies on pressure distribution on the field wind turbine blade, Takao MAEDA, Yasunari KAMADA, Takashi
KONDO，Kei TANAKA: Proceeding of JSME annual meeting 2005(MECJ-05), Vol.2, pp. 243-244, 2005.
This paper shows the experimental tests for the pressure distribution on the rotating wind turbine blade. The
detail comparison between the field rotor test and the wind tunnel test is shown for the several azimuth angle and yaw
angle. The diameter of field rotor is 10m and that of wind tunnel one is 2.4m. the Ct, Cn curve, shows differences
between the field rotor test and the wind tunnel test. It seems that these differences caused by the effect of theatmospheric turbulence and rotational effect.
Relationship Observed wind Profile by Doppler SODAR and Terrain Configuration, Takao MAEDA, Yasunari
KAMADA, Keita NAKANO, Tsutomu KAKINAGA: Proceedings of the 27th wind energy symposium, pp. 253-256,
2005.
For siting the wind park, the wind condition is the most important problem. To evaluate the windcharacteristics at site , the measuring mast with anemometer is used. The height of mast is not the same as the rotor axis,
so the wind speed at the rotor height is estimated with the atmospheric boundary layer profile. The vertical profile of thewind speed is highly depends on the terrain configuration. In this study the vertical profiles of the wind speed ismeasured by the Doppler SODAR at many sites and the relationships between terrain configuration and profiles areA－13

discussed. As the result, the new profile parameter with the terrain configuration is proposed.
Hydrogen Energy by Water Electrolysis Using Fluctuation of Wind Power Electricity, Katsuya SASAKI*, Kenji
SUGINO*, Takao MAEDA: Proceedings of the 27th wind energy symposium, pp. 161-164, 2005.
The experimental evaluation for the hydrogen production device is carried out with the 100kW filed test
wind turbine. The output power of the wind turbines is not stable because of the fluctuation of the wind speed anddirection. This fluctuation gives the difficulty to use the wind turbine as a local power plant. To solve this disadvantage,
the author thought that the hydrogen production device could be use as the energy storage. As the result of experiment,
the system performances are discussed.
Study of pressure distribution on a rotor blade of wind turbine, Takao MAEDA, Yasunari KAMADA, Hideyasu
FUJIOKA: Proceedings of Fluids Engineering Conference 2005, CD-ROM, p.4, 2005.
This paper shows the experimental studies on the rotating blade of wind turbine in yaw inflow condition.
The aerodynamic performance of the rotor blade is measured by the surface pressure measurement. The test is carriedout in the wind tunnel. As the result, the relation between the yaw angle and power coefficient are shown. Furthermore,
the blade sectional performance for 0.7R are discussed with the pressure distribution and the aerodynamic force
coefficient.

Ultrasonic Computerized Tomography (CT) for Temperature Measurements with Limited Projection Data Based on
Extrapolated Filtered Back Projection (FBP) Method, Ning Zhu*, Yong Jiang* and Seizo Kato: Energy, Vol.30,
pp.509-522, 2005
This study uses ultrasound in combination with tomography to obtain three-dimensional temperature
measurements using projection data obtained from limited projection angle. The main feature of the new computerized
tomography (CT) reconstruction algorithm is to employ extrapolation scheme to make up for the incomplete projection
data, it is based on the conventional filtered back projection (FBP) method while on top of that taking into account thecorrelation between the projection data and Fourier transformed-based extrapolation. Computer simulation isconducted to verify the above algorithm. An experimental 3D temperature distribution measurement is also carried out
to validate the proposed algorithm. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the extrapolated FBP CT
algorithm is highly effective in dealing with projection data from limited projection angle.

Analysis and Assessment of Environmental Load of Vending Machines by a LCA Method, and Eco-Improvement
Effect, Yukio Kimura*, Yucho Sadamichi, Naoki Maruyama and Seizo Kato: Trans. of the JSRAE, Vol.22, No.1,
pp.45-54, 2005
These days the environmental impact due to vending machines’ (VM) diffusion has greatly been discussed.
This paper describes the numerical evaluation of the environmental impact by using the LCA (Life Cycle Assessment)
scheme and then proposes eco-improvements’ strategy toward environmentally conscious products (ECP). A new
objective and universal consolidated method for the LCA-evaluation, so-called LCA-NETS (Numerical Eco-load Total
Standardization) developed by the authors is applied to the present issue. As a result, the environmental loads at the
5years’ operation and the material procurement stages are found to dominate others over the life cycle. Further
eco-improvement is realized by following the order of the LCA-NETS magnitude; namely, energy saving, materials
reducing, parts’ re-using, and replacing with low environmental load material. Above all, parts’ re-using is speciallyA－14

recommendable for significant reduction of the environmental loads toward ECP.

Life Cycle Analytical Tools and Externalities of the Fuel Gas Desulphurization System in Thailand, Sate Sampattagul,
Seizo Kato, Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat* and Anugerah Widiyanto: Chiang Mai University Journal, Vol.4, No.1, pp.1-17,
2005
The Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD) system has been employed at Thailand’s biggest lignite-fired power
plant to reduce the large amount of SO2 emission. In order to understand ecological and economic resolutions, thelignite-fired plant was studied both before and after the installation of the FGD. The focus of this study was to consider
not only the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) outcome but also the Life Cycle Costing (LCC) factors. The results canprovide valuable information when selecting appropriate technologies to minimize the negative impact that lignite-fired
power plants have on the environment. The Life Cycle Assessment – Numerical Eco-load Total Standardization(LCA-NETS) was used to evaluate the impact on the environment of both the lignite-fired plant and the FGD. Life
Cycle Costing (LCC) was used to provide a comparison between alternatives before and after installation of FGD. The
externalities model was designed to study the relationship of the life cycle environmental impacts and life cycle costvalues. The results of the study are shown in the eco-load values over the entire life cycle of the lignite-fired plant whichindicates that the installation of the FGD system can reduce the acidification problem, associated with lignite-fired
plants, by approximately 97%. The LCC estimation shows the major costs of the FGD system: capital investment,
operation and maintenance and miscellaneous costs. The externalities provide the decision-making information when
considering the cost of the FGD system in terms of protecting the environment.

LCA Analysis and Evaluation of Fuel and Power Plant System (in Japanese), Seizo Kato, Yucho Sadamichi: Journal of
the Japan Institute of Energy, Vol. 84, No. 3, pp.186-188, 2005

Environmental Impact Consolidated Evaluation of Energy Systems by an LCA-NETS Scheme, Seizo Kato andAnugerah Widiyanto: Energy, Vol. 30, pp.2057-2072, 2005
The issue of LCA environmental impacts produced from energy systems is presently being discussed; they
are directly involved in fossil fuel depletion, global warming, air pollution, rain acidification, etc. In evaluating various
kinds of energy systems from the lack concept, an identical standard measure is to be introduced, as there are manydifferent causes for generating environmental loads to the environment and the respective causes have their respective
characteristics. Consequently, the authors have proposed an integrated scheme called the ESS (Eco-load
Standardization Scheme) to express the amount of environmental load from different causes, using an identicalstandard based on objective data. That is a ‘Loader-Receiver Tolerant Balance Theory’, which indicates the balance ofthe maximum tolerance value that the Loader can discharge or consume with the maximum tolerable value by the
Receiver. This ESS employs the NETS (Numerical Eco-load Total Standard) as the unit for expressing quantitatively
the integrated and standardized environmental load. This LCA-NETS scheme is applied to different energy systems
such as various kinds of power plants and co-generation systems, and the LCA evaluations are discussed for further
ecological improvement.

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Environmental Impact Assessment from Operating Co-generation Systems and Power Plants, Naoki Maruyama,
Yucho Sadamichi, Anugerah Widiyanto and Seizo Kato: Proceedings of 3rd International Energy Conversion
Engineering Conference, CD-ROM, 2005
The issue of the environmental effect of energy system is presently being discussed; they are directly
involved in global environmental problems. Design methodology of environmentally conscious products (ECP) or wellknown as design for environment (DfE) is the methodology usually followed to enhance the environmental
performance. In addition, the life cycle assessment (LCA) is found to be a suitable method and a powerful tool forevaluating the environmental impacts numerically resulting from the activity through the lifecycle. The purpose of thispaper is first to discuss the implementation of environmental management system (EMS) and its evaluation ofenvironmental compatibility for power plants in the design phase. The energy flow and the environmental impacts
numerically of distributed power supplies for a non-utility installation are analyzed, especially for hotels, officebuildings, hospitals and houses. The LCA scheme is applied to the specified co-generation energy systems consisting ofgas turbines, wasted heat boilers, steam absorption refrigerators and heat exchangers. The environmental impacts of thepower generation system are shown, and then minimizing the impacts on environment due to the CGS operation. The
results of this study could be useful as recommendation for the further development of sustainable eco-energy supply
systems.

Influence of Photocatalyst Film Forming Conditions on CO2 Reforming, Akira Nishimura, Nobumasa Sugiura,
Mitsumasa Fujita, Seizo Kato and Shinji Kato*: Proceedings of 3rd International Energy Conversion Engineering
Conference, CD-ROM, 2005
Photocatalyst can reform CO2 into fuel-like species of CO, CH4, C2H4 and C2H6. However, the amount of
product by reforming is still low as it is reported that the reforming concentration of product is from 100 to 10000
ppmV. In this paper, we apply TiO2, which is the best photocatalyst, film coated on Cu substrate by a sol-gel anddip-coating method. To promote reforming performance of TiO2 film, the influence of photocatalyst film forming
conditions, which are coating number of TiO2 film, firing duration time, and amount of TiO2 in one layer of film, on
CO2 reforming has been investigated. Additionally, the relationship between reforming performance and film surface
characteristic has been examined. As a result, the reforming performance of TiO2 film is promoted with increasing
coating number and prolonging firing duration time thanks to expansion of film surface area and increase in activity
point. It is necessary to adjust the amount of TiO2 in one layer of film according to coating number for obtaining a highperformance of TiO2.

LCA-NETS Evaluation for GHG of Power Generation Plants in Thailand, Sate Sampattagul, Seizo Kato, Naoki
Maruyama, Akira Nishimura, Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat* and Anugerah Widiyanto: Proceedings of 2nd International
Conference on Life Cycle Management, 2005
The research indicates the life cycle assessment (LCA) results of greenhouse gas emissions from grid-mixed

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system power generation plants in Thailand. The purpose is to understand the characteristics of these systems from theviewpoint of global warming. The objective of this LCA research is to identify the environmental impacts of electricity
generating from grid-mixed electric systems in Thailand. In the paper, the LC-GHG emission per kWh of electricity
generated was estimated for the power generation systems using a combined method of process analysis andinput-output analysis. The results of study are based on information obtained from the Electricity Generating Authorityof Thailand (EGAT) and two of independent Power Producers (IPP). The sensitivity analysis of the impacts ofemerging, future and uncertainties associated with some assumptions are examined to help clarifying interpretation of
the results.

Life Cycle Analysis and Assessment of Vending Machines, and their Eco-Improvement, Yukio Kimura*, Sate
Sampattagul, Yucho Sadamichi, Akira Nishimura, Naoki Maruyama and Seizo Kato: Proceedings of 2nd International
Conference on Life Cycle Management, 2005
Vending machines are indispensable for life in Japan. The number of vending machines operated in thiscountry in the year 2004 is about 5.55 million sets and annually consuming electricity of 0.7% of Japan’s annual
domestic power generation. This social fact requires us to analyze and estimate the environmental impacts of vending
machines numerically and then to concretely improve them to reduce environmental stress. In the method of Life Cycle
Assessment (LCA), as an environmentally based tool for Environmentally Conscious Products (EPS), & Life Cycle
Management (LCM) material depletion have been found to be occupying a large part of environmental load and“reuse” is an effective method from the combined environmental and economic viewpoint. Moreover, recovery ofrefrigerant and the best selection of materials are the other strong measures as well.

Study on Temperature Measurement by Using Ultrasonic Wave, Yoshitaka Maeda, Akira Nishimura, Naoki Maruyama
and Seizo Kato: Proceedings of the 12th Tri-University International Joint Seminar & Symposium 2005, pp.181-184,
2005
The temperature measurement is one of the important measurements in the industrial and engineering field.
In general, the temperature can be measured by the temperature sensor contacting the object. However, when wemeasure the temperature in vessel, the temperature sensor disturbs the fluid flow in the vessel. Additionally, there is afear of the damage of the temperature sensor when the temperature sensor is inserted in a high temperature or highacidic field. Furthermore, this method can measure the local temperature only. An ultrasonic wave is a good candidate
for temperature measurement technique not to disturb the fluid flow since the temperature in the vessel can bemeasured from the outside of wall vessel. The purpose of this study is to establish the temperature measurement
systems that uses ultrasonic wave. As the first stage in this study, the uniform temperature water in aluminum circularpipe was measured though the final purpose of this study is to measure the temperature distribution of the water thatflows in the aluminum pipe. As a result, the temperature obtained by ultrasonic wave has good agreement with thetemperature obtained by the thermocouple under the uniform temperature distribution in the aluminum circular pipe. It
has been obvious experimentally that the temperature measurement method which uses ultrasonic wave can measure
the temperature of the entire measurement field including inside of the vessel.

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Evaluation of Traffic Congested Alleviation by the Restriction of Vehicles, Masaki Fukuchi, Akira Nishimura, Naoki
Maruyama and Seizo Kato: Proceedings of the 12th Tri-University International Joint Seminar & Symposium 2005,
pp.228-231, 2005
Nowadays, the vehicles are essential to people and can transport goods at high speed. However, an increaseof the vehicle contributes to CO2 emission exhausted from the vehicles and becomes a serious problem. Especially,
CO2 emission increases when the traffic congestion occurred. Moreover, the traffic congestion obstructs the urgent
vehicle when the disaster occurred. Therefore, the traffic congested solution can decrease CO2 emission and smooth theflow of the vehicles. In this study, we have been constructed the model that can evaluate the traffic congestion. As theresult, we were evaluated the CO2 emission, which reduced by the restriction of vehicles.

Development of Recycling Evaluation Index by Using Life Cycle Assessment, Ryuma Ito, Yucho Sadamichi, Sate
Sampattagul, Naoki Maruyama, Akira Nishimura and Seizo Kato: Proceedings of the 12th Tri-University International
Joint Seminar & Symposium 2005, pp.232-235, 2005
Recycling is paid attention as a tool to solve the environmental problems. However, a lot of recycling
methods do not consider the life cycle environmental impacts that are generated in the other stage of life cycle in therecycling process. According to this problem, it can contribute to the environmental impact in the recycling process, too.
Therefore, it is necessary to construct the environmental assessment technique of recycling, and to remove recyclingthat depraves environmental problems. In this paper, first of all, the evaluation technique of the environmental load thatthe person involved in the recycling process causes is constructed. Next, the evaluation technique that evaluates how
much the material is used effectively by recycling is constructed. When the former is evaluated, the idea of LCIA (Life
Cycle Impact Assessment) is taken and a potential environmental impact is evaluated. And when the latter is evaluated,the data of demand is used to. Finally, the recycling of the iron used for most industrial products is evaluated by theconstructed index. And, the validity of the index is evaluated.

Design Methodology for Environmentally Conscious Energy Systems, Naoki Maruyama, Yucho Sadamichi, Sate
Sampattagul and Seizo Kato: Proceedings of the 12th Tri-University International Joint Seminar & Symposium 2005,
pp.257-260, 2005
Design methodology of environmentally conscious products or well known as design for environment is themethodology usually followed to enhance the environmental performance. In addition, the life cycle assessment isfound to be a suitable method and a powerful tool for evaluating the environmental impacts numerically resulting fromthe activity through the lifecycle. The purpose of this paper is first to discuss the implementation of environmental
management system and its evaluation of environmental compatibility for power plants in the design phase. Then the
LCA is applied to different power generation systems and the environmental impacts of the systems are shown. The
results of this study could be useful as recommendation for the further development of sustainable eco-energy supply

A－18

systems.

Producing Fuel from CO2 by Photocatalyst –Investigation on improvement method of reforming concentration– (inJapanese), Akira Nishimura, Nobumasa Fujita, Mitsumasa Fujita, Seizo Kato and Shinji Kato*: Proceedings of SCEJ
70th Annual Meeting, CD-ROM, 2005

Optimization of Under-floor Flows to Aim at Drag and Lift Compatible Reduction of Large Commercial Vehicles–Control of Flow Fields around Wheels- (in Japanese), Masaya Tanimura, Yasushi Kato and Seizo Kato: Proceedingsof 2005 JSME Annual Congress, No.68-05, pp.19-22, 2005
Larger aerodynamic drag due to the wake is loaded on large commercial vehicles running with high-speed tolong distance. In this study, wind tunnel tests are performed by using a 1/16-bus model on a moving ground with the
purpose of its drag and lift simultaneous reduction. The flow field around wheels is investigated, and the optimum flowis realized by installing aero-devices. As a result, drag and lift simultaneous reduction is realized by controlling theunder-floor flow around wheels with the aid of aero-devices.

Environmental Impact Assessment from Operating Co-generation Systems and Power Plants, Naoki Maruyama,
Yucho Sadamichi, Anugerah Widiyanto and Seizo Kato: Proceedings of 42nd National Heat Transfer Symposium ofJapan, Vol.2, pp.321-322, 2005
A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) scheme is applied to the specific gas turbine co-generation energy systems,
and then minimizing the impacts on environment during the operation. The technique assesses the environmental
aspects and potential impacts throughout a product’s or system life. This evaluation method is able to treat the global
and regional environmental issues such as the depletion of natural resources and global warming due to CO2 emissions,etc. Fuel is also optional from oil, natural gas, and another types of fuels. The efficiencies of the respective machines areto be inputted as functions of energy demands. The electricity and heat hourly demands are estimated from thestatistical data of living energy demands depending mainly on the floor spaces for the case study. The results of thisstudy could be useful as recommendation for the further development of sustainable eco-energy supply systems.

Influence of Photocatalyst Film Forming Conditions on CO2 Reforming, Akira Nishimura, Nobumasa Sugiura,
Mitsumasa Fujita, Seizo Kato and Shinji Kato*: Proceedings of 42nd National Heat Transfer Symposium of Japan,
Vol.2, pp.323-324, 2005
To promote photocatalytic reforming of CO2 into fuel-like species of CO, CH4, C2H4 and C2H6, the influenceof photocatalyst film forming conditions, which are the number of photocatalyst film coating, firing duration time in thecoating process, and the amount of photocatalyst in one coating film, on the reforming performance has been
investigated. Photocatalyst film is formed on copper substrate by sol-gel and dip coating method in this study. As a

A－19

result, CO2 reforming performance of photocatalyst is improved with increasing the number of photocatalyst film
coating and the amount of photocatalyst in film. These reaction promotions are obtained by increasing reaction points
and reaction surface area.

An Approach Integrating Life Cycle Assessment and Costing Model for Eco-Industrial Product (in Japanese),
Yoshiyuki Izu, Naoki Maruyama, Yucho Sadamichi, Seizo Kato, Sate Sampattagul, Akira Nishimura, Ryuma Ito,
Yukio Kimura* and Masaki Nakamura*: Proceedings of 2005 Symposium on Environmental Engineering, pp.133-136,
2005
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) becomes a more critical tool for ECP (Environmentally Conscious Products)
designing. At the same time, Life Cycle Costing (LCC) and Environmental Accounting (Eco-Accounting) arebecoming a necessary tool to make design of WTP (willingness to pay) for avoiding certain environmental impacts.
This paper proposes a conversion scheme of the environmental load reduction expressed in physical units due tocountermeasures into money units based on the CO2 emission dealing right price, which is able to be evaluated by theCO2 equivalent NETS values. Additionally, several criteria for the environmental costs performance are proposed withcase studies.

Gate to Gate Life Cycle Evaluation of Industrial Products for Eco-Production Development (in Japanese), Yuki
Yamaoka, Naoki Maruyama, Yucho Sadamichi, Seizo Kato, Akira Nishimura, Yukio Kimura* and Nobuhiro
Watanabe*: Proceedings of 2005 Symposium on Environmental Engineering, pp.137-140, 2005
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been greatly paid attention to its effectiveness in evaluating environmentalloads through the life cycle of any industrial products. The LCA method has been used to analyze the environmentalloads of the processes. This paper focuses on the LCA evaluation at the manufacturing phase, especially atpainting-coating process and plastic-injection process molding process. The various kinds of the inventory data of theprocesses are collected by measuring respective parameters. The objective of this study is to evaluate the LCA
environmental loads in these two manufacturing processes based on the data analysis. It is recommended to use thehere Numerical Eco-load Standard values in order to design the Eco-products.

Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Natural Convection in the State of Low-density Environments, Masanori
Yoshimoto, Naoki Maruyama, Hirokazu Matsui and Seizo Kato: Proceedings of Thermal Engineering Conference ’05,
No.05-17, pp.371-372, 2005
The object of this study is to evaluate the heat transfer characteristics in low-density environments, where thepressure is given between high vacuum region and atmospheric pressure. In this study, a natural convection, affects thefield of production of thin films, is analyzed by experiment using holographic interferometry. In addition, by comparing
the results of the experiments, the effectiveness of numerical calculation is tested of low-density environments. After
that, the various conditions are analyzed by numerical calculation instead of experiment. Finally, the characteristics ofA－20

heat transfer are evaluated by two kinds of analyses.

A study on two phase flow of hypochlorous water in narrow and parallel plate with high efficiency (in Japanese),
Kazuya Kato, Naoki Maruyama, Takahiro Tatumi and Seizo Kato: Proceedings of Thermal Engineering
Conference ’05, No.05-17, pp.381-382, 2005
Gas and liquid two phase flow in narrow and parallel plate is investigated by experiment and numericalsimulation. The experiment is performed in batch and fluid type, where the gas is generated during the experiment bychemical reactions. The purpose of this paper is to create the chlorination water considering from the standpoint of highconcentration and high efficiency. These result will be applied to create the chlorination water called hypochlorous acidwith high efficiency.

Life Cycle Analysis and Assessment of Vending Machines, and their Eco-Improvement (in Japanese), Yukio Kimura*,
Yucho Sadamichi, Akira Nishimura, Naoki Maruyama and Seizo Kato: Proceedings of 1st LCA Conference of Japan,
pp.30-31, 2005

Design for Environmentally Friendly Processing in the Manufacturing Stage of Industrial Products –Metal Processing,
Plastic Injection Modeling, Painting Process- (in Lapanese), Yucho Sadamichi, Yuki Yamaoka, Naoki Maruyama,
Akira Nishimura, Seizo Kato, Yukio Kimura*, Masaaki Nakamura* and Nobuhiro Watanabe*: Proceedings of 1st LCA
Conference of Japan, pp.118-119, 2005

Studies on Mixing Process and Performance Improvement of Jet Pump (Effects of Nozzle and Throat Shapes),
Yukitaka YAMAZAKI, Atsushi YAMAZAKI, Tadashi NARABAYASHI*, Junya SUZUKI* and Toshihiko
SHAKOUCHI, Transaction of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 70-701 B, pp.147-153, 2005.

A Study of Performance of Jet Pump (Effect of Configuration of Flow Passage), Yukitaka YAMAZAKI, Atsushi
YAMAZAKI, Tadashi NARABAYASHI*, Junya SUZUKI* and Toshihiko SHAKOUCHI, Proc. of the Sixth World
Conference on Experimental Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, ExHFT-6, CD-ROM, 2005.

Gas-Particle Two-Phase Jet Flow from Slot Nozzle and Micro-Blasting Process, Masaki SUGIMOTO, Toshihiko
SHAKOUCHI, Kohei HAYAKAWA and Moriyasu IZAWA*, Transaction of the Japan Society of MechanicalEngineers, 70-710 B, pp.2450-2457, 2005.

Research on Stability of Fishing Bank made by Large Particle Size Porous Concrete placed under Sea (Experimentusing large scale waterway), Akihiro MAEGAWA, Toshihiko SHAKOUCHI, Yukihisa YUASA*, Naoki MISHIMA*
and Shigemitsu HATANAKA, AIJ J. Technol. Des., 22, pp.53-58, 2005.

A－21

Flow Analysis for Single and Multi-nozzle Jet Pump, Tadashi NARABAYASHI*, Yukitaka YAMAZAKI, Hidetoshi
KOBAYASHI* and Toshihiko SHAKOUCHI, Proc. of the International Conference on Jets, Wakes and Separated
Flows, ICJWSF-2005, pp.267-272, 2005.

Flow and Control of Vertical Upward Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow Through Sudden Contraction Pipe, Alexandros
VOUTSINAS, Toshihiko SHAKOUCHI, Koichi TSUJIMOTO and Toshitake ANDO, Proc. of the ICJWSF-2005,
pp.307-312, 2005.

Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of High Temperature Gas-Particle Air Jet Flow, Hirokazu NAKAMURA andToshihiko SHAKOUCHI, Proc. of the ICJWSF-2005, pp.307-312, 2005.

Particle Laden Impinging Jet Flow from Rectangular Nozzle and Abrasive Jet Machining, Masaki SUGIMOTO,
Toshihiko SHAKOUCHI, Kohei HAYAKAWA, Motoki OKAZAKI and Moriyasu IZAWA*, Proc. of the
ICJWSF-2005, pp.325-330, 2005.

Effect of Surface Roughness on Jet Pump Performance, Yukitaka YAMAZAKI, Tomonori NAKAYAMA, Tadashi
NARABAYASHI*, Hidetoshi KOBAYASHI* and Toshihiko SHAKOUCHI, Proc. of the ICJWSF- 2005, pp.491-495,
2005.

Flow Analysis for Single and Multi-Nozzle Jet Pump, Tadashi NARABAYASHI*, Yukitaka YAMAZAKI, Hidetoshi
KOBAYASHI* and Toshihiko SHAKOUCHI, Proc. of the ICJWSF-2005, pp.267-272, 2005.

Direct Numerical Simulation of Jet Mixing Control Using Combined Jets, Koichi TSUJIMOTO, Toshihiko
SHAKOUCHI, Shuji SASAZAKI and Toshitake ANDO, Proc. of the ICJWSF-2005, pp.725-730, 2005.
To develop efficient method of jet mixing, direct numerical simulations of combined jets are carried out. The
Reynolds number is defined with a nozzle diameter, is Re=1500. The spatial discretization is performed with hybrid
scheme in which sixth order compact scheme in streamwise direction and Fourier series in cross section are adopted.
The distance between two jets is fixed at 6 times jet diameter, and the inclination angle of jet is changed from 45 to 70
deg. As a result, it reveals that the turbulence intensity is strengthened with decreasing inclination angle, and that thejet width increases via the excitation of jets. These findings suggest that the combination of jets flexibly meet thediversified needs of jet mixing control.

Direct Numerical Simulation of Mixing by Two Inclined Jets, Koichi Tsujimoto, Shuji Sasazaki and Toshihiko
Shakouchi, Proc. of the 4th Int. Conf. on Computational Heat and Mass Transfer, pp.1268-1271, 2005.
To develop efficient method of jet mixing, direct numerical simulations of two inclined jets are carried out.
The Reynolds number is defined with a nozzle diameter, is Re=1500. The spatial discretization is performed with

A－22

hybrid scheme in which sixth order compact scheme in streamwise direction and Fourier series in cross section are
adopted. The distance between two jets is fixed at 6 times jet diameter, and the inclination angle of jet is changed from45 to 70 deg. As a results, it reveals that the turbulence intensity is strengthened with a decreasing inclination angle,
and that the jet width increases via the excitation of each jets. These findings suggest that the combination of jets
flexibly meet the diversified needs of jet mixing control.

A－23

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering*nonmember
Improvement of Robust Performance by Taking into Account Model Uncertainty Identification on GIMC Structure,
K.Yubai: Proceedings of the 2005 International Power Electronics Conference, pp.1981-1984, 2005
GIMC proposed by Zhou consists of a conditional feedback structure and an outer-loop controller. A
conditional feedback structure included in GIMC makes it easy to robustfy a control system or construct a fault-tolerant
control system, while an outer-loop controller specifies a nominal control performance. In this paper, the design methodof Youla parameter on GIMC taking into account model uncertainty is proposed and the effectiveness of the proposed
design method is verified by some simulations.
Fault-tolerant Tip Position Control of Flexible Arm for Sensor Fault by Using Adaptive Sensor Signal Observer, Yu
Izumikawa, K.Yubai and J.Hirai: Proceedings of SICE Annual Conference 2005 in Okayama, pp.2615-2620, 2005
In recent years, control system reliability has received much attention with increase of situations where
computer controlled systems such as robot control systems are used. In order to improve reliability, control systems
need to have abilities to detect a fault (fault detection) and to maintain the stability and the control performance (fault
tolerance). In this paper, we address the vibration suppression control of a one-link flexible arm robot. Vibration
suppression is realized by an additional feedback of a strain gauge sensor attached to the arm besides motor position.
However, a sensor fault (e.g., disconnection) may degrade the control performance and make the control system
unstable at its worst. In this paper, we propose a fault-tolerant control system for strain gauge sensor fault. The proposed
control system estimates a strain gauge sensor signal based on the reaction force observer and detects the fault bymonitoring the estimation error. After fault detection, the proposed control system exchanges the faulty sensor signal forthe estimated one and switches to a fault-mode controller so as to maintain the stability and the control performance.
We apply the proposed control system to the vibration suppression control system of a one-link flexible arm robot andconfirm the effectiveness of the proposed control system by some experiments.
Yu Izumikawa, K.Yubai and J.Hirai: Fault-Tolerant Control System of Flexible Arm for Sensor Fault by Using
Reaction Force Observer, IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, Vol. 10, No.4, pp.391-396
In this paper, we propose a fault-tolerant control system for a tip position control of a flexible arm robot. The
proposed control system has a strain gauge sensor signal observer based on a reaction force observer and detects a fault
by monitoring an estimation error. In order to improve estimation accuracy, plant parameters included in the sensor
signal observer are adjusted by using the strain gauge sensor signal in normal time through adaptive laws. After fault
detection, the proposed control system exchanges the faulty sensor signal for the estimated one and switches to a fault
mode controller so as to maintain the stability and the control performance. We confirm the effectiveness of the
proposed control system by some experiments.
Realization of Fault-tolerant Vibration Suppression Control System of Flexible Arm by GIMC Structure, T.Sakuishi,
Y.Izumikawa, K.Yubai and J.Hirai: Proceedings of SICE Annual Conference 2005 in Okayama, pp.1351-1354, 2005
In recent years, control system reliability has received much attention with increase of situations where
computer-controlled systems such as robot control systems are used. In order to improve reliability, control systems
need to have abilities to detect a fault (fault detection) and maintain the stability and the control performance (fault
tolerance). In this paper, we address the strain gauge sensor fault of a flexible arm robot. In order to achieve a
fault-tolerant control system, the effect of the fault is identified as dual Youla parameter by regarding the estimation
error of the faulty sensor signal as the faulty plant output. Moreover, Youla parameter is designed so as to suppress theeffect of dual Youla parameter. Youla parameter is implemented in GIMC structure proposed by Zhou. Since GIMC
structure includes a conditional feedback, it is suitable for achieving a fault-tolerant control system. The effectiveness ofthe proposed fault-tolerant control system is confirmed by some experiments.

A－24

A Joint Design Method for Achieving Nominal Performance Based on GIMC Structure, N.Wakayama, K.Yubai and
J.Hirai: Proceedings of SICE Annual Conference 2005 in Okayama, pp.2621-2624, 2005
Joint design methods are based on an iterative scheme of model identification and controller design
associated with each other. This paper proposes a new joint design method based on GIMC structure. The proposed
joint design method evaluates the performance degradation from the nominal performance explicitly so as to achieve
the nominal performance for the actual plant. The identification of dual Youla-parameter R and the design ofYoula-parameter Q are related to each other under the same control objective. Youla parameter Q is implemented in
GIMC structure proposed by Zhou. The effectiveness of the proposed design method is verified by an actual control
system.
Joint Design Method Based on Internal Structure of 2DOF Control System, K.Yubai: Transaction of IEE Japan,
Vol.125-D, No.6, pp.533-540, 2005
In many cases, control system design is formulated as minimization of some prescribed closed loop
performance reflecting a control requirement. Since the closed loop performance is a function of a controlled plant anda controller, the model identification and controller design must interact with each other. This motivates us to consider
the model identification and controller design simultaneously. However, most of the previous joint design methods are
not applicable to unstable plants because the identified plant model is usually used as the design parameter, i.e. aweighting function in the controller design. On the other hand, we have analyzed the internal structure of 2DOF control
system using coprime factorization on RH∞ and shown that two free parameters, K and Q belonging to RH∞, specify
tracking performance and feedback performance, respectively. Also, Tay et.al have proposed a parameterization of theplant dynamics by switching the role of the controlled plant and controller, and introduced a free parameter R belonging
to RH∞. In this paper, we propose a new joint design strategy based on the identification of R and the design of Q.
Since the identified plant parameter R is always stable, the proposed joint design strategy can be applied to wider classthan the conventional joint design methods. Moreover, it is known that R is well approximated as a less order model
than the plant itself. This leads to the advantage in designing Q with less order. Finally, the usefulness of the proposed
method is verified by some simulations and experiments.
New Initial Pole Position Estimation of Surface PM-LSM Using Reference Currents, Tae-Woong Kim*, Junichi
Watanabe*, Sumitoshi Sonoda*, and Junji Hirai : IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, Vol.41, No. 3, pp.817-824,
2005
This paper proposes a new algorithm for the initial pole-position estimation of a surface permanent-magnet
linear synchronous motor (PM-LSM), which is carried out under closed-loop control without a pole sensor and isinsensitive to the motor parameters. This is based on the principle that the initial pole position (IPP) is calculated by thereverse trigonometric function using the two reference currents, which are received from the speed controller.
Compared to published research, the proposed algorithm does not utilize the impedance ratio like the general methods
and it can be widely applied without the limitation of the motor structures. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm
is verified by testing a surface PM-LSM with large cogging. Its results show the IPP is well estimated within a satisfied
moving distance and a shorter estimation time, even if a large disturbance such as cogging exists.
Suboptimum condition of Fingertip arrangement decision", K. Mori, S. Komada, J. Hirai : Proc. of the 2005
International Power Electronics Conference, pp.1374-1377, 2005
Multi-finger hands are necessary for robots in order to realize many tasks. This paper proposes a graspingarrangement decision algorithm, which realizes a small tip force of multi-finger hand with feasible time. A norm of tip
force for translational and rotational force for grasping objects on xy plane is derived. By the analysis of the equation,
condition that realize a small norm is found. By utilizing the condition, semi-optimum fingertip force is found with afeasible time.

A－25

Chattering Free Neuro-Sliding Mode Control of DC Drives, M. G. Sarwer*, Md. A. Rafiq*, M. Datta*, B.C. Ghosh*,and S. Komada : Proc. of 2005 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, vol.2, pp.1101-1106,
2005
In this paper, a synergistic combination of neural network (NN) with sliding mode control (SMC)
methodology is proposed. The main purpose is to eliminate the chattering phenomenon in sliding mode control. The
reduction of the chattering is achieved by using a distance function that measures the distance between the trajectory ofstate errors and the sliding surface as the corrective control term instead of discontinuous sign function. The NN isutilized to estimate the equivalent control of SMC. The network weights are adjusted using a modified online error
back propagation algorithm. The proposed scheme is applied to control the speed of a DC drive. Simulation verifies
that the proposed control scheme has the advantage of less chattering in SMC.
Development of a Biofeedback-Based Robotic Manipulator for Supporting Human Lower Limb Rehabilitation, N.
Okuyama, S. Komada, and J. Hirai : Proc. of 36th International Symposium on Robotics, pp.1-4, 2005
We have developed a manipulator for supporting human lower limb rehabilitation that enables isokinetic
muscular contraction to both knee and hip joints simultaneously. This time, we estimate muscular tensions in thigh andpelvis area of a healthy person during exercise by the manipulator to realize a biofeedback treatment without using
electromyogram (EMG). The muscular tension estimate is made by employing muscular fatigue minimization methods.
As a result of experiments and analysis, fairly good coincidence in the wave form is confirmed between the muscle
action potential and the estimated muscular tensions.
Derivation of minimization condition of manipulating force for multi fingered robot hands and its application todecision of fingertip position, F.Nakamura, S.Komada, and J.Hirai : Proc. of 36th Int. Symposium on Robotics, pp.1-4,
2005
Many researches on decision of fingertip position of multi fingered robot hands have been performed inorder to minimize fingertip force for a given task. Some of these methods, however, take much time until decision of
fingertip position because nonlinear programming problem including friction condition is solved for all combinationsof candidates of fingertip positions. This paper newly derives a minimization condition for fingertip force ofmanipulating force. By using the condition, unnecessary candidates are deleted in advance to realize fast decision of
fingertip position. Lastly, numerical verification for the proposed method is performed.
Identification of Switched Systems with unknown Switch Points and Its Application, Shangchang MA, Tadanao
ZANMA, Muneaki ISHIDA: Proceedings of 2005 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics,
vol..3, p.p.2885-2890
System identification covers a very wide range of techniques for obtaining a system model from its
input-output data. In this paper, we address the identification problem of switched systems, by focusing our attention on
hinging hyperplane autoregressive exogenous models (HHARX), which can be identified efficiently via mixed-integer
programming. As an example, the problem of extracting operation modes in a driving system of a small toy vehicle andtheir switch conditions is formulated. The formulation of the identification problem of switched systems with unknown
switch points is based on the hybrid dynamical system theory. The effectiveness of HHARX model approach inswitched system identification is verified by simulation.
Continuous position control by symbolic input and output, Yosuke TAKEI, Tadanao ZANMA, Muneaki ISHIDA:
Proceedings of 2005 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, p.p.805-810
This paper concerns a control problem for a specification which requires a finer description than the
resolution of available sensors and actuators. Such a situation may arise when a given control specification is to beA－26

achieved as accurate as possible while sensors are kind of limit switches and actuators are on/off control architecture. In
this paper, a ball position control system is taken. The experimental setup is modeled with rolling friction. For theexperimental setup, we propose a control algorithm based on discrete input and output and continuous state estimation.
Finally, the proposed method is applied to the experimental setup to demonstrate its effectiveness as well as numericalsimulation.
Designing of A Small Wind Power Generating System, Takashi NONOYAMA, Naoki YAMAMURA, Muneaki
ISHIDA, Hideki FUJITA*: Proceedings of 2005 International Power Electronics Conference (IPEC 2005), S36-2,
p.p.1274-1279
At present most of existing wind power systems are of large capacity (over 1MW output) and high initialcost. These systems require wide area to build. Therefore, aiming to popularize the wind turbine generation system inresidential area, we proposed small capacity (about 100W-a few kW output) generation system. Moreover, we
proposed simple maximum power racking control system with analog circuit and achieved over 90% output of
maximum power in any circumstance. But improper design of the control parameters makes the system performance
worse. Then we proposed an equivalent circuit of the wind power generation system and a design method of its control
system. Usefulness of the proposed control system along with proposed design method is confirmed by experimental
results of the wind power generation system. In this system, we use DC motor as the wind turbine because the output
characteristic of the DC motor is similar to that of the wind turbine.
A Control Method of Prolonging the Service Life of Battery in Stand-alone Renewable Energy System using Electric
Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC), Jia YAN, Ryousuke SHIBATA, Naoki YAMAMURA, Muneaki ISHIDA: 2005
International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS 2005), 1E-1, p.p.228-233
A control method for prolonging the service life of battery bank in stand-alone renewable energy systemusing Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) is presented. Recently, it has become one of the main problem needed
to be solved urgently in future stand-alone renewable energy system that the service life of battery bank is shortened
due to the fluctuant output power caused by varied weather condition, with higher cost and power loss. In this paper, toprolong the service life of battery bank by realizing smoothed power supply to battery bank, a bi-directional
Buck/Boost topology and its control method using Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) is proposed, Simulation in
PSIM and experiment are carried out in order to confirm the validity of the proposed method. And the simulation
parameters range is identified according to the smooth level of battery current output. The experiment result is better
agreed with the anticipated design and simulation results when the higher harmonic frequency varies under theappointed range of frequency and fluctuation amplitude
Direct visualization of electromagnetic microfields by superposition of two kinds of electron holograms, Akinori
OHSHITA, Masaaki OKUHARA, Chiharu MATSUYA, Koichi HATA and Kazuo IIDA: European Microbeam
Analysis Society 9th EUROPEAN WORKSHOP/International Union of Microbeam Analysis Societies 3rd
MEETING, p.319, 2005
A new electron holographic method to visualize pure phase objects such as electromagnetic microfields, which isachieved by superposition of two kinds of electron holograms, is presented. The method is very simple and is twice assensitive as the conventional double-exposure electron holography and the four-electron-wave interference. Using thistechnique, an electric field around a charged latex sphere and a magnetic field around a barium ferrite particle havebeen directly observed.
Electron Interference Fringes Observed in Projected Image of Earthed Multiwall Carbon Nanotube, Akinori OHSHITA,
Shunsaku WAKI, Chiharu MATSUYA, Koichi HATA and Kazuo IIDA, Boklae CHO*, Tuyoshi ISHIKAWA* andChuhei OSHIMA*: Atomic Level Characterizations, 08P15, 2005
The electron interference fringes observed in the projected image of earthed multiwalled carbon nanotube areA－27

compared with those produced by conventional electron biprism in electron microscopy. It is found that the former
interference fringes resemble the latter ones in shape.
Effect of Low Molecular Weight Fluid on the Surface Free Energy of an Alloy of EPDM/SIR, Kazuo IIDA and
Reuben HACKAM*: International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials, pp.352-355, 2005
Ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM), silicone rubber (SIR) and their alloys have good performance
when used as outdoor insulators. The hydrophobicity of the surface is maintained in wet conditions as a result ofdiffusion of low molecular weight (LMW) fluid from the bulk to the surface. The amount of LMW fluid on the surface
and in the bulk of the material determines the hydrophobicity during the lifetime of the alloy of EPDM/SIR used as
insulators. The surface free energy of the alloy of EPDM/SIR is determined using the harmonic-mean method bymeasuring the static contact angles of water and methylene iodine. The surface free energy of the cleaned surface of thealloy is estimated to be about 30 mJ/m2. The removal of LMW fluid from the surface and migration of the LMW fluid
to the surface have influence on the static contact angles of water and methylene iodine, but have a small effect on thesurface free energy. It comes from the change in the ratio of two components of the surface free energy due to non-polar
dispersive force and polar non-dispersive force.
Handwritten Keywords Recognition on Whiteboard Using Dictionary for e-Learning , Daisuke YOSHIDA, Shinji
TSURUOKA, Hiroharu KAWANAKA* and Tsuyoshi SHINOGI , Proceedings of the sixth International Symposiumon advanced Intelligent Systems (ISIS2005), pp. 197-202, 2005
We have proposed an individual e-Learning system using two cameras and a pen capture tool on whiteboard.
One of important problems in our learning system is that the accuracy of handwritten character recognition on
whiteboard is not enough for keyword retrieval in textbook. This problem caused the low matching rate between the
handwritten character strings on whiteboard and the keywords in the textbook, and the system can’t link the string to
the explanation in textbook. In this paper, we propose the new matching method of high accurate recognition for key
word using word dictionary. We examined for handwritten character strings including 50 key words, and we obtained
the key word recognition rate of 90 % (the method without word dictionary: 54 %). We confirmed the usefulness using
word dictionary for handwritten strings on whiteboard.
Automatic Determination of an Active Camera View in an Image Based e-Learning System, Kenichi SHIRASAWA,
Hiroharu KAWANAKA*, Shinji TSURUOKA, Tomohiro YOSHIKAWA* and Tsuyoshi SHINOGI, Proceedings ofthe sixth International Symposium on advanced Intelligent Systems (ISIS2005), pp. 213-217, 2005
We are interested in the education system based on the image, and we are constructing the individual learning
system based on the real lecture on campus. One of important problem in an image based e-Learning system is thecontrol of camera view for remote students to watch eagerly. The interesting camera view attracts the remote students toa lecture, and it determines the value of e-Learning. In this paper, we propose a new view control algorithm on an active
network camera with high speed. We evaluate a new statistical analysis of the silhouette histogram for the lecturer
behavior recognition, and a new image segmentation method for the objects on blackboard. We design a new statetransition diagram for the automatic determination of the active camera view. We examined the system for some actual
lectures in an actual classroom (capacity: 100 students).
Hybrid Automatic Tracking of Regional Myocardium from Ultrasonic RF Echo Signal, Akihiko KAWABATA, Shinji
TSURUOKA, Hiroharu KAWANAKA*, Tsuyoshi SHINOGI, Wataru OHYAMA, Tetsushi WAKABAYASHI andKiyotsugu SEKIOKA*, Proceedings of the twelfth International Conference on Biomedical Engineering(ICBME2005), 1B4-02 on CD-ROM, pp.1-4, 2005
In this paper we propose a new hybrid automatic tracking method (HATM) to improve tracking accuracy of
FATM. In HATM, a heart cycle time is estimated using the correlation coefficient between the RF signal on an initialtime (t0) and the RF signal at each time, and the time with maximum value of the correlation coefficient is estimated as

A－28

the heart cycle time. The automatic tracking from a time to the initial time is called the backward automatic tracking
method (BATM), and HATM uses FATM and BATM. We apply it eight actual RF signals to discuss the efficiency ofthe estimation method of heart cycle time. The experimental results show that the estimation error is less than 2% fromthe cycle time based on ECG. This paper also shows that the comparison of FATM and HATM using 50 actual RF
signals, for regional myocardium. As the result, the correct rate of FATM was 40% and that of HATM was improved to62%. Calculation time to acquire a result is about 2 minutes in the case of HATM, which means it takes twice timecomparing with FATM. We confirmed the usefulness of HATM for some actual RF signals.
Estimation of Respiratory Rate Using Long Term ECG Recording, Toshiyuki USAMI, Wataru OHYAMA, Tetsushi
WAKABAYASHI, Fumitaka KIMURA, Shinji TSURUOKA and Kiyotsugu SEKIOKA*, Proceedings of the twelfth
International Conference on Biomedical Engineering (ICBME2005), 2B1-09 on CD-ROM, pp.1-4, 2005
In this paper, we propose a new method for extracting respiratory signals from long-term echocardiogram(ECG) recording. The proposed method employs some filtering techniques on frequency domain followed by theestimation of instantaneous frequency by Hilbert transform to estimate respiratory frequency. The evaluation
examination, which compares the respiratory frequency estimated from ECG and the one derived from the respiratory
signal measured with oronasal thermistor, shows that the proposed method has potentiality for detection and diagnosisof respiratory disorders. From this result, we conclude that temporal frequency estimation of respiration gives moredetailed information on respiratory state than power spectrum of R-R interval.
Myocardial Motion Tracking by Adaptive Combination of Correlation and Phase Difference of US RF Signals, Koichi
NAGATA, Wataru OHYAMA, Tetsushi WAKABAYASHI, Fumitaka KIMURA, Shinji TSURUOKA and Kiyotsugu
SEKIOKA*, Proceedings of the twelfth International Conference on Biomedical Engineering (ICBME2005), 3B2-08
on CD-ROM, pp.1-4, 2005
We propose a novel method for noninvasive extraction of two dimensional regional motion of left ventricularmyocardium by means of the adaptive combination of correlation and instantaneous phase difference of ultrasonic RF
signals. The proposed method is motivated by the successfully achievement on the myocardial motion tracking bymeans of both ultrasonic Doppler and RF signals. At first, the method extracts the velocity on each sampling point byinstantaneous phase differences. The next, the velocities are evaluated by the correlation. Finally, these velocities arecorrected by the amount associated with the value of accuracy and accumulated into the position of tracking points forerror reduction. Experimental results show the method is suitable for the evaluation of regional myocardial motion.
Edge Extraction of Heart from Ultrasonic Echo Image by Active Contour Models, Yosuke OKAYAMA, Shinji
TSURUOKA, Tsuyoshi SHINOGI, Hiroharu KAWANAKA*, Fumitaka KIMURA, Tetsushi WAKABAYASHI,
Wataru OHYAMA and Kiyotsugu SEKIOKA*, Proceedings of the twelfth International Conference on Biomedical
Engineering (ICBME2005), 4B2-02 on CD-ROM, pp.1-4, 2005
In this paper, we propose a new edge extraction method to detect the outer and inner contours of heart
simultaneously by active contour models. Our edge extraction method consists of three steps: (1) the manual
specification of a central point and one edge point on the outer and inner contours respectively to determinate outer andinner initial contours; (2) the automatic determination of the series of initial edge points at regular intervals on the outerand inner contours; (3) the detection method of the edge point using the smoothness of the contours using thedifferential coefficients between the position of the next edge point, the distance between the temporal frames, thedistance between the outer and inner contours, and the difference of grey level in the neighbor region about the edge.
We confirmed the method obtain the better results than the previous method for some heart walls.
Parallel Core Testing with Multiple Scan Chains by Test Vector Overlapping, Tsuyoshi Shinogi, Yuki Yamada,
Terumine Hayashi, Tomohiro Yoshikawa, Shinji Tsuruoka : 2005 IEEE VLSI-TSA International Symposium on VLSI
Design, Automation and Test (VLSI-TSA-DAT), pp.205-208,2005

A－29This paper proposes the parallel testing of cores with multiple scan chains using the test vector overlapping for
reduction of SoC testing cost. Unlike conventional scan architecture for SoC testing, by introducing multiple scan chain
cores, our method can reduce the test application time without increasing the number of I/O pins used in testing, andreduce the test data volume. A controller design and a new overlapping algorithm are also presented for the test vector
overlapping with multiple scan chain cores. Experimental results show its effectiveness.
Test Data Sequence Generation Method for Reduced Scan Shift without Scan Chain Flip-Flop Reordering, Tsuyoshi
Shinogi, Hiroyuki Yamada, Terumine Hayashi, Tomohiro Yoshikawa, Shinji Tsuruoka : IEEE 6th Workshop on RTL
and High Level Testing(WRTLT05), pp.73-78，2005
To reduce the test application time and the test data volume in full-scan testing, various methods are proposed
which utilize some additional built-in circuits dedicated for testing. In contrast, a previous method, called Reduced Scan
Shift, does not utilize any additional built-in hardware. However, it totally relies on scan chain flip-flop reordering,which is not always applicable. In this paper, we propose a test data sequence generation method for Reduced Scan
Shift without scan chain flip-flop reordering. Our method utilizes justification technique and don't-care bits in test
vectors. Experimental results show that the performance on the reduction of test application time and test data volume
by our method without scan chain flip-flop reordering is even higher than the original Reduced Scan Shift utilizing scanchain flip-flop reordering.
A Test Cost Reduction Method by Test Response and Test Vector Overlapping for Full Scan Test Architecture :Tsuyoshi Shinogi, Hiroyuki Yamada, Terumine Hayashi, Tomohiro Yoshikawa, Shinji Tsuruoka, IEEE 14th Asian Test
Symposium, pp.366-369, 2005
To reduce the test application time and the test data volume in full-scan testing, various methods are proposed
which utilize some additional built-in circuits dedicated for testing. In contrast, a previous method, called Reduced Scan
Shift, does not utilize any additional built-in hardware. However, the method relies on scan chain flip-flop reorder-ing,
which is not always applicable. In this paper, we pro-pose a test data sequence generation method for Reduced Scan
Shift without scan chain flip-flop reordering. Our method fully utilizes justification technique and don't-care bits in test
vectors.
Correction of OFDM Signal Form in Time Domain to Reduce ICI Due to the Doppler Spread and Carrier Frequency
Offset, Gagik Mkrtchyan, Mori Kazuo and Hideo Kobayashi: IEICE Transactions on Communications, Vol.E88-B,
no.1 pp.122-133, Jan.. 2005.
Proposal of OFDM Channel Estimation Method Using Discrete Cosine Transform, Hideo Kobayashi and Kazuo Mori:
IEICE Transactions on Communications，Vol.J88-B, no.1 pp.256-268, Jan. 2005.
Proposal of Clipping and Inter-Modulation Noise Mitigation Method for OFDM Signal in Non-Linear Channel, Pist
Boonsrimuang, Kazuo Mori, *Tawil Paungam and Hideo Kobayashi: IEICE Transactions on Communications,
Vol.E88-B, no.2 pp.427-435, Feb. 2005.
Proposal of Link Condition Estimation Scheme for MC-CDMA System with Adaptive Modulation Method, Satoshi
Kominami, Kazuo Mori and Hideo Kobayashi: IEICE Transactions on Communications, Vol. J88-B, no.2 pp.383-398,
Feb. 2005
Asymmetric Radio Resource Assignment Scheme for Connection-less Services in CDMA/shared-TDD Cellular
Packet Communications, Yukinari Kobayashi, Kazuo Mori and Hideo Kobayashi: IEICE Transactions on
Fundamentals of Electronics and Communications and Computer Sciences, Vol.E88-A, no.7, pp.1903-1911, July 2005.

A－30

Proposal of Pre-Equalization MC-DS-CDMA Scheme with Frequency Spread Coding, Satoshi Kominami, Katsuhiro
Naito, Kazuo Mori and Hideo Kobayashi: IEICE Transactions on Communications, Vol.J88-B, No.8, pp.1478 - 1489,
August 2005
Downlink packet transmission control in soft handoff status on CDMA wireless IP networks, Abubaker Khumsi,
Kazuo Mori and Hideo Kobayashi: ECTI-EEC Transactions on Electrical Eng., Electronics, and Communications,vol.3, No.2, pp.125-131, August 2005.
Performance Evaluations of DCT Interpolation-based Channel Estimation Method for MIMO-OFDM System,
Yuanrun Teng, Katsuhiro Naito, Kazuo Mori and Hideo Kobayashi: IEICE Transactions on Communications,
Vol.E88-B, No.9, pp. 3806-3810, Sep. 2005.
A study of wireless TCP access with base station diversity, Katsuhiro Naito, *Hiraku Okada, *Takaya Yamazato and*Masaaki Katayama: Wiley Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part I: Communications), Vol. 88, Issue 9, pp.
49 - 61, Sep. 2005.
Mitigation of Non-Linear Distortion using PTS and IDAR Method for Multi-Level QAM-OFDM System, Pisit
Boonsrimuang, Kazuo Mori, *Tawil Paungam and Hideo Kobayashi: ECTI-CIT Transactions on Computer andInformation Technology, vol.1, No.2, pp.84-90, Nov. 2005.
Mitigation of Non-Linear Distortion using PTS and IDAR Method for Multi-Level QAM-OFDM System, Pisit
Boonsrimuang, Kazuo Mori, *Tawil Paungma and Hideo Kobayashi: Proc. of Electrical Engineering/Electronics,
Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology Conference (ECTI-CON 2005), pp.303-306, May 2005.
ML Time Domain Channel Estimation and Equalization for OFDM Without Guard Interval, Gagik Mkrtchyan,
Katsuhiro Naito, Kazuo Mori, and Hideo Kobayashi: Proc. of Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer,
Telecommunications and Information Technology Conference (ECTI-CON 2005), pp.473-476 , May 2005
Performances of Multi-Carrier System with Time and Frequency Domain Spreading for Wireless Communications,
Yuanrun Teng, Katsuhiro Naito, Kazuo Mori and Hideo Kobayashi: Proc. of IEEE WirelessCom 2005 Conference,
June 2005.
Complexity Reduced Maximum Likelihood Detection for SDM-OFDM System, Yuanrun Teng, Katsuhiro Naito,
Kazuo Mori and Hideo Kobayashi: Proc. of IEEE WirelessCom 2005 Conference, June 2005.
Proposal of a base station diversity technique based on TCP performance, Katsuhiro Naito, Kazuo Mori and Hideo
Kobayashi: Proc. of IEEE Wireless Internet Conference 2005, pp.104-111, July 2005.
Proposal of PAPR Reduction Method for OFDM Signal by Using Dummy Sub-carriers, Pisit Boonsrimuang, Kazuo
Mori, *Tawil Paungma and Hideo Kobayashi: Proc. of 10th IFIP International Conference on Personal WirelessCommunications (PWC'05), pp.489-496, August 2005.

A－31

Transmission Power Reduction Scheme Using Multi-Hop Connection in CDMA Cellular Systems with Non-Uniform
Traffic, Takehiro Nagasawa, Katsuhiro Naito, Kazuo Mori and Hideo Kobayashi: Proc. of IEEE VTS Asia PacificWireless Communications Symposium (APWCS), pp.50-54, August 2005.
Proposal of PAPR Reduction Method for OFDM System by Using Imroved DSI Method, Pisit Boonsrimuang,
Katsuhiro Naito, Kazuo Mori, *Tawil Paungma and Hideo Kobayashi: Proc. of IEEE VTS Asia Pacific WirelessCommunications Symposium (APWCS), pp.137-141, August 2005
Proposal of Residual Frequency Offset Compensation Method for OFDM System, Fang Wang, Masaaki Yamamoto,Katsuhiro Naito, Kazuo Mori and Hideo Kobayashi: Proc. of IEEE VTS Asia Pacific Wireless Communications
Symposium (APWCS), pp.194-198, August 2005.
Channel Estimation Method of OFDM Systems for Mobile Communications, Shingo Murazumi, Gagik Mkrtchyan,
Katsuhiro Naito, Kazuo Mori and Hideo Kobayashi: Proc. of IEEE VTS Asia Pacific Wireless Communications
Symposium (APWCS), pp.212-216, August 2005.
Adaptive Threshold Control Scheme for Time Slot Selection in Band Division MC-CDMA Cellular Systems, Tomoaki
Kato, Katsuhiro Naito, Kazuo Mori and Hideo Kobayashi: Proc. of IEEE VTS Asia Pacific Wireless Communications
Symposium (APWCS), pp.242-246, August 2005.
SIR Evaluation Method for Multi-Cellular Downlink MC-CDMA System, Kazutoshi Kinoshita, Katuhiro Naito,
Kazuo Mori, and Hideo Kobayashi: Proc. of IEEE VTS Asia Pacific Wireless Communications Symposium(APWCS), pp.247-251, August 2005.
Proposal of QAM-OFDM System with DSI and IDAR Method in Satellite Channel, Pisit Boonsrimuang, Katsuhiro
Naito, Kazuo Mori, *Tawil Paungma and Hideo Kobayashi: Proc. of Joint Conference on Satellite Communications(JC-SAT2005), pp.89-94, Oct. 2005.
Proposal of Estimation Method for Non-linear Amplifier Characteristics in Satellite Channel, Pisit Boonsrimuang,
Katsuhiro Naito, Kazuo Mori, *Tawil Paungma and Hideo Kobayashi: Proc. of Joint Conference on Satellite
Communications (JC-SAT2005), pp.83-88, Oct. 2005.
Maximum Doppler Frequency Spread Estimation Method Using Mean Square Derivative of the ML Time Domain
Estimated Channel Impulse Response for OFDM Systems, Gagik Mkrtchyan, Katsuhiro Naito, Kazuo Mori and Hideo
Kobayashi: Proc. of Joint Conference on Satellite Communications (JC-SAT2005), pp.161-166, Oct. 2005.
Diversity Acquisition from Inter-Carrier Interference in the Frequency Division Based Mobile Communication, Gagik
Mkrtchyan, Katsuhiro Naito, Kazuo Mori and Hideo Kobayashi: Proc. of International Symposium on Intelligent
Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS2005) pp.605-608, Dec. 2005.
Decision Aided Compensation of Residual Frequency Offset for MIMO-OFDM Systems with Nonlinear Channel,
Shouyi Yang, *Jiangtao Xi, Fang Wang, *Xiaomin MU and Hideo Kobayashi: Proc. of International Symposium onIntelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS2005), pp.113-116, Dec. 2005.
On Test Data Compression Using Selective Don’t-Care Identification, Terumine HAYASHI, Haruna YOSHIOKA,

A－32

Tsuyoshi SHINOGI, Hidehiko KITA, and Haruhiko TAKASE: Journal of Computer Science and Technology, Vol.20,
No.2, pp.210-215, 2005
This paper proposes an effective method for reducing test data volume under multiple scan chain designs.
The proposed method is based on reduction of distinct scan vectors using selective don’t-care identification. Selective
don’t-care identification is repeatedly executed under condition that each bit of frequent scan vectors is fixed to binary
values (0 or 1). Besides, a code extension technique is adopted for improving compression efficiency with keeping
decompressor circuits simple in the manner that the code length for infrequent scan vectors is designed as double of thatfor frequent ones. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown through experiments for ISCAS’89 and ITC’99
benchmark circuits.
Problem-Posing with Making Step-by-Step Explanations and Peer Evaluation [In Japanese], Shinobu TABATA,
Tsutomu SHIMOMURA, Hidehiko KITA, and Terumine HAYASHI: Journal of Science Education in Japan, Vol.29,
No.1, 2005
Dynamic Construction of Fault Tolerant Multi-layer Neural Network, Haruhiko TAKASE, Ayumi NOBTO, Hidehiko
KITA, and Terumine HAYASHI: Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks 2005
(IJCNN2005), pp.995-999, 2005
We propose a new training algorithm for enhance tolerance to physical defects (faults) of multi-layer neuralnetworks (MLNs). We aim to construct such MLNs with the minimal number of hidden units. The proposed method
has two characteristics, constructing MLNs dynamically and getting high fault tolerance easily. We proposed dynamic
constructive algorithm with weight minimization approach (DCWMA) based on a DCA and WMA. DCA (dynamic
constructive algorithm) is a basic dynamic constructive algorithm for MLNs. WMA (weight minimization algorithm) is
a training algorithm to enhance the fault tolerance of fixed structure MLNs. The effectiveness of DCWMA is shown bysome experiment.
Test Modification and Compression Technique for Reducing Total Test Volume with Dictionary Data, Terumine
HAYASHI, Naohiro HIRAIWA, Tsuyoshi SHINOGI, Haruhiko TAKASE, and Hidehiko KITA: Proceedings of 6thInternational Conference on ASIC (ASICON 2005), pp.639-644, 2005
Though a number of techniques for test data compression have been proposed until now, most of them havenot taken into consideration the volume of dictionary data that specify decompression rules. This paper presents a test
modification and compression technique for reducing total test volume including dictionary data. As for most test
compression techniques such as Huffman coding based methods, if we determine the block size large, it results in small
test volume but large dictionary volume. Therefore, it has been thought that large block sizes are ineffective for total test
data volume reduction. However, if dictionary volume can be greatly reduced, large block sizes can be more effective.
This paper describes a compression method for reducing total test volume, especially dictionary volume, by using atechnique that produces a test set for which the number of code words is small in the case of a large block size. The
effectiveness of the proposed method is shown through test data compression experiments for ISCAS’89 benchmark
circuits.
Freestanding GaN substrate by advanced facet-controlled epitaxial lateral overgrowth technique with masking side
facets, S. BOHYAMA, H. MIYAKE, K. HIRAMATSU, Y. TSUCHIDA* and T. MAEDA*: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44,
pp. L24-L26, 2005
Growth of thick AlN layer by hydride vapor phase epitaxy, Y.H. LIU, T. TANABE, H. MIYAKE, K. HIRAMATSU, T.
SHIBATA*, M. TANAKA* and Y. MASA*: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44, pp. L505-L507, 2005

A－33

High quality AlGaN/AlN superlattices grown on AlN/Sapphire template by MOVPE, Y. H. LIU, A. ISHIGA,
T. ONISHI, H. MIYAKE, K. HIRAMATSU, T. SHIBATA* and M. TANAKA*: Ins. Con. Ser. 184, pp. 247-250, 2005
Reduction of dislocation density in AlGaN with high AlN molar fraction by using a rugged AlN epilayer, A. ISHIGA, T.
ONISHI, Y.H. LIU, M. HARAGUCHI*, N. KUWANO*, T. SHIBATA*, M. TANAKA*, H. MIYAKE andK. HIRAMATSU: Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 831, pp. E3.11.1-E3.11.6., 2005
Fabrication and characterization of UV Schottky detectors by using a freestanding GaN substrate, Y. SHIBATA,
A. MOTOGAITO, H. MIYAKE, K. HIRAMATSU, Y. OHUCHI*, H. OKAGAWA*, K. TADATOMO*,
T. NOMURA*, Y. HAMAMURA* and K.. FUKUI*: Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 831, pp. E3.12.1-E3.12.6, 2005
Control of Step and Terrace of LSMO Thin Films by IBS Deposition, Michi Ogata, Ajay K. Sarkar, Hidetaka
Nakashima, Masahito Matsui, Yasushi Kurosaki, Md. Motin Seikh, Kazuhiro Endo, Hirofumi Yamasaki, Tamio Endo :Trans. Mat. Res. Soc. Jpn. 30(3), 761-764, (2005)
Low-temperature Deposition of ZnO Thin Films on PET and Glass Substrates by DC-sputtering Technique, A. N.
Banerjee, C. K. Ghosh, K. K. Chattopadhyay, Hideki Minoura, Ajay K. Sarkar, Atsuya Akiba, Atsushi Kamiya, Tamio
Endo : Thin Solid Films 496, 112-116, (2005)
Anisotropic Vortex Dynamics Related to Screening Currents and Microwave Currents under Magnetic Fields on HighTc Superconductors, Takahisa Sakurada, Hong Zhu, Ajay K. Sarkar, Masanori Okada, Tamio Endo, Hirofumi
Yamasaki, Kazuhiro Endo, M. Shahabuddin : Proc. PIERS-05 (Hangzhou, China), 22-26, (2005)
Fabrication and Degradation of Manganites/YBCO Double Layers, Tamio Endo, Masanori Okada, Atsuya Akiba,
Hong Zhu, Hirofumi Yamasaki, Kazuhiro Endo : Proc. ICCE-12 (Tenerife, Spain), (2005)
Fabrication of LSMO Single Layers and LSMO/YBCO Double Layers, Hong Zhu, Masanori Okada, Atsushi Kamiya,
Ajay K. Sarkar, Masahito Matsui, Md. Motin Seikh, Tamio Endo : Proc. ICMAT-05 (Singapore), (2005)
Controls of a-c Orientation Growth of YBCO Thin Film Crystals for YBCO/Ferro Double Layered Tunable
Microwave Filters, Tamio Endo, Masanori Okada, Hidetaka Nakashima, Ajay K. Sarkar, Atsuya Akiba, Atsushi
Kamiya, Hong Zhu, Ken-ichi Nakanishi, Ayumu Nishio : Proc. Tri-University International Joint Seminar andSymposium, (Zhenjiang, China) (2005)
Selective growth of carbon nanotubes on silicon protrusions, Hideki Sato, Koichi Hata, Hideto Miyake, Kazumasa
Hiramatsu, Yahachi Saito*: J. Vac. Sci. & Technol. B 23（2）, pp.754-758, 2005
Selective growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to required positions is a matter of importance for an
application to electron sources for field emitter arrays. Although some techniques have been proposed concerning theselective growth of carbon nanotubes, they have complex processes and difficulties in reliability and controllability. We
have developed the selective CNT growth technique, which consists of fabrication of pyramid-shaped protrusion arrayson silicon (Si) substrate by a liftoff process, selective deposition of metal catalyst film on the vertexes of the protrusions,and growth of the CNTs on the metal catalyst by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Here we report the detailed growth
characteristics of CNTs selectively grown by thermal CVD (TCVD) on vertexes of pyramid-shaped protrusions
fabricated on Si substrate. The growth of CNTs by TCVD gave long, randomly oriented and dispersed CNT growth,which was completely different from growth regimes given by plasma enhanced CVD (PECVD), i.e., verticallyA－34

aligned and bundled growth. The array of the CNTs grown by TCVD gave better field emission characteristics thanthat with the CNTs grown by PECVD. That was presumably because the CNTs grown by TCVD gave longer andmore dispersive CNT growth than PECVD and consequently gave higher field enhancement on the CNTs. It is also
shown that the single growth of the CNT is successfully performed using this process.
Growth control of carbon nanotubes by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition and reactive ion etching, Hideki
Sato, Koichi Hata, Mai Matsubayashi, Takamichi Sakai, Hideto Miyake, Kazsumasa Hiramatsu, Akinori Ohshita,
Yahachi Saito*: Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Sputtering & Plasma Processes, pp. 209-211,
June 2005
Growth of carbon nanotubes on silicon nanoprotrusions, Hideki Sato, Koichi Hata, Mai Matsubayashi, Takamichi
Sakai, Hideto Miyake, Kazsumasa Hiramatsu, Yahachi Saito*: Technical Digest of the 18th International Vacuum
Nanoelectronics Conference, pp. 268-269, July 2005
Development of micro-focused X-ray source by using carbon nanotubes field emitter, Kunihiko Kawakita, Koichi Hata,
Hideki Sato, Yahachi Saito*: Technical Digest of the 18th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference, pp.
192-193, July 2005
Electron emission properties of carbon nanotube FEAs evaluated with projection microscopy, Koichi Hata, Gohei
Tatsumi, Hideki Sato, Yahachi Saito*, Takashi Tsumagari*: Technical Digest of the 18th International Vacuum
Nanoelectronics Conference, pp. 159-160, July 2005
Electron Nanobiprism Interference Fringes, A. Ohshita, S. Waki, C. Matsuya, K. Hata, K. Iida, B. Cho*, T. Ishikawa*,
C.Oshima*: Abstract of Atomic Level Characterizations for New Materials and Devices '05, 08P15, 2005
Report on the symposium -Joint Session F: Fundamental and Applicatoins of Carbon Nanotubes- [in Japanese], Koichi
Hata, Oyo Butsuri, Vol.74(1), pp.87-88, 2005
Development of Elastic Separator for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells: Electrical and Mechanical Properties ofComposites Made with Different Graphite Shapes, Hirotomo MINAMIYAMA, Hironari TOMITA, Keita KAYANO,
Mami HATTORI, Atsushi KISHISHITA, Yusuke AOKI, Shuhei NAKAMURA: Organic Materials for Electronics
and Photonics, Korea-Japan Joint Forum 2005, pp. 45, 2005
Electrical Insulating AND Heat-Resistive Properties of PDMS-TEOS Hybrid with Different Molar Ratio of TEOS to
PDMS, Makoto SUGIURA, Fumitoshi IMASATO, Atsushi OHNO, Yusuke AOKI, Shuhei NAKAMURA, Takuya
SHINDOU*: Organic Materials for Electronics and Photonics, Korea-Japan Joint Forum 2005, pp. 61, 2005
Electrical Insulating Properties of Polyimide-Silica Hybrid Composite, Yusuke AOKI, Kouichi TACHI, Shingo
HANANO, Seiji MAGARA, Takayuki FUJIWARA*, Shuhei NAKAMURA: Organic Materials for Electronics andPhotonics, Korea-Japan Joint Forum 2005, p.114, 2005
Development of Elastic Separator for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells –Electrical and Mechanical Properties ofComposites- Made with Different Graphite Shapes- (in Japanese), Hirotomo MIINAMIYAMA, Hironari TOMITA,
Keita KAYANO, MAMI HATTORI, Atsushi KISHIMOTO, Yusuke AOKI: IEICE Technical Report OME2005-80,
pp. 1-4, 2005

A－35

Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Polyimide- Silica Hybrid Films Prepared from Site Selective Molecular Hybrid
Method (in Japanese), Kouichi TACHI, Shingo HANANO, Seiji MAGARA, Yusuke AOKI, Shuhei NAKAMURA,
Takashi FUJIWARA*: IEICE Technical Report OME2005-87, pp. 41-45, 2005
Evaluation of the Electrical Insulation and Heat-resistive Properties of PDMS-TEOS Based Hybrid Materials Throughthe Sol-Gel Methods (in Japanese), Makoto SUGIURA, Fumitoshi IMASATO, Atsushi OHNO, Yusuke AOKI,
Shuhei NAKAMURA, Tetsushi OKAMOTO*, Takuya SHINDOU*: IEICE Technical Report OME2005-88, pp.
47-51, 2005

A－36

Department of Chemistry for Materials* nonmember

Hyperbranched Polymer-Based Electrolyte for Lithium Polymer Batteries, Takahito ITOH: Fudan Xuebao, Ziran
Kexueban, 44 (5), pp. 664-665, 2005

Spontaneous Reactions of Electron-Accepting Substituted Quinodimethane with Substituted Styrenes: Inductive andSteric Effects on the Formation of a Zwitterionic Intermediate, Yukihiro MITSUDA, Takahiro UNO, Masataka KUBO,
Takahito ITOH: Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 43 (21), pp. 5195-5206, 2005

Preparation and Polymerization of a Water-Soluble, Nonbonding Crosslinking Agent for a Mechanically Crosslinked
Hydrogel, Masataka KUBO, Toyohiro MATSUURA, Hiromi MORIMOTO, Takahiro UNO, Takahito ITOH: Journalof Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 43 (21), pp. 5032-5040, 2005

Solid Polymer Electrolyte Membrane, Its Manufacture, and Solid Polymer Fuel Cell, Takahito ITOH, Yuichi
AIHARA*: PCT Int. Appl., pp. 23, 2005

Terpolymer Films Having Semipolar Structure: Preparation, Wettability, and Mechanical Properties, Tomoaki
HIWATASHI, Kazuhide HAYAMA*, Yoshiaki SAWADA*, Takahito ITOH : Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 98(3), pp. 1235-1243, 2005

Polymer Electrolytes Based on Hyperbranched Polymer with Cross-Linkable Groups at the Terminals, Takahito ITOH,
Shinichiro GOTOH, Seiji HORII, Shinya HASHIMOTO, Takahiro UNO, Masataka KUBO, Tatsuo FUJINAMI*,
Osamu YAMAMOTO*: Journal of Power Sources, 146 (1-2), pp. 371-375, 2005

Solution and Solid-State Polymerizations of Substituted p-Quinodimethanes and p-Quinone Methides, Takahito
ITOH : Polymer 46 (18), pp. 6998-7017, 2005

Incorporation of π-Conjugated Polymer into Silica: Preparation of Poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4phenylenevinylene]/Silica and Poly(3-hexylthiophene)/Silica Composites, Masataka KUBO, Chiharu TAKIMOTO,
Yuya MINAMI, Takahiro UNO, Takahito ITOH, Masashi SHOYAMA*: Macromolecules 38 (17), pp. 7314-7320,
2005

Synthesis and Solution Properties of Poly(methacrylate)s with Semipolar Structures on the Side Chains, Tomoaki
HIWATASHI, Kazuhide HAYAMA*, Yoshiaki SAWADA*, Takahito ITOH : Journal of Polymer Science, Part A:
Polymer Chemistry 43(1), pp. 129-141 2005

A－37

A New Synthetic Method for a-Alkoxycarbonyl Iminium Salt and Its Reaction with Nucleophiles,
Makoto SHIMIZU, Hiroyuki ITOU, Megumi MIURA: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127 (10), pp. 3296-3297, 2005

Diastereoselective Reductive Imino-aldol Reaction of a-Imino Esters Promoted by Titanium Tetraiodide: Synthesis ofa,b-Diamino Esters, Makoto SHIMIZU, Koji INAYOSHI: Org. Biomol. Chem., 3 (12), pp. 2237-2238, 2005

Diastereoselective Allylation of Imines with g-Silyloxyallylstannanes Promoted by Trimethylsilyl Triflate andApplication to the Synthesis of Erythro-sphingosine, Makoto SHIMIZU, Hiromi ANDO, Yasuki NIWA: Lett. Org.
Chem., 2 (6), pp.512-514, 2005

Double Nucleophilic Addition of Trimethylsilyl Cyanide to a,b-Unsaturated Aldimines Promoted by Aluminum
Chloride: Preparation of 2-Aminopentanedinitrile, Makoto SHIMIZU, Makiko KAMIYA, Iwao HACHIYA: Chem.
Lett., 34 (10), pp.1456-1457, 2005

An Intriguing Hydroiodination of Alkenes and Alkynes with Titanium Tetraiodide, Makoto SHIMIZU, Tadahiro
TOYODA, Toru BABA: Synlett, pp.2516-2518, 2005

Use of Alkoxyallene Oxide and Titanium Tetraiodide/Titanium Tetraisopropoxide for the Conjugate Addition Reactionof Alkoxyacetone Enolate, Makoto SHIMIZU, Susumu ITOHARA: Lett. Org. Chem., 2 (7), pp.648-651, 2005

A Cation-exchange Resin Promoted Imino Aldol Reaction of Chiral Alkoxyketene Silyl Acetals with a,b-unsaturated
Imines, Leading to a Facile Synthesis of b-Lactams, Makoto SHIMIZU, Masanori TACHI, Shiho FUKUSHIMA,
Iwao HACHIYA: Heterocycles, 66, pp.75-80, 2005

Unexpected and Intriguing Reactivity of Imino Compounds, Makoto SHIMIZU: J. Fudan Univ. (Natural Science), 44(5), pp.619-620, 2005
Synthesis and Structure of a New Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate Salt of the Silver (I) Cation with
Novel Trigonal Planar Tris(benzene) Coordination, Kohei OGAWA*, Toshikazu KITAGAWA, Shintaro
ISHIDA*, Koichi KOMATSU*: Organometallics, 24, pp. 4842-4844, 2005

Study of Photoinduced Electron Transfer between [60]Fullerene and Proton-Sponge by Laser Flash
Photolysis: Addition Effects of Organic Acid, Rumiko. HORIE*, Yasuyuki ARAKI*, Osamu ITO*,
Yangsoo LEE*, Toshikazu KITAGAWA, Koichi KOMATSU*: J. Phys. Chem. A, 109, pp. 6140-6146,
2005

MALDI-Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometric and Theoretical Studies of Donor-Acceptor andDonor-Bridge-Acceptor Fullerenes, Vladimir E. FRANKEVICH*, Maxim DASHTIEV*, Renato ZENOBI*,

A－38

Toshikazu KITAGAWA, Yangsoo LEE*, Yasujiro MURATA*, Tetsuya YAMAZAKI*, Yunyan GAO*, Koichi
KOMATSU*, Josep M. OLIVA*: Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 7, pp. 1036-1042, 2005

Generation and Properties of an Alkylated C70 Cation, Toshikazu KITAGAWA, Yangsoo LEE*, Naoki
MASAOKA*, Koichi KOMATSU*: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 44, pp. 1398-1401, 2005

Intermediacy of Cyclobutylidene in Photochemical Methylenecyclopropane rearrangement, Yasutake
TAKAHASHI, Yoko MORI, Akiko NAKAMURA, Hideo TOMIOKA: Tetrahedron Letters, 46, pp.
8415-8418, 2005

Preparation of Bis(diazo) Compounds Incorporated into Butadiyne and Thiophene Units andGeneration and Characterization of Their Photoproducts, Fumika MORISAKI, Masakuni
KURONO, Katsuyuki HIRAI, Hideo TOMIOKA: Org. Biomol. Chem., 3, pp. 431-440, 2005

Preparation of Sterically Congested Di(4-pyridyl)diazo-methanes and Characterization of Triplet
Carbenes from Them, Tetsuji ITOH, Akira TAKADA, Katsuyuki HIRAI, Hideo TOMIOKA: Org.
Lett,. 7, pp. 811-814, 2005

Preparation of poly(phenyl)acetylenes having diazo groups and magnetic characterization ofpoly(carbene), Tetsuji ITOH, Yoshinobu JINBO, Katsuyuki HIRAI, Hideo TOMIOKA: J. Am. Chem.
Soc., 127, 1650-1651, 2005

Preparation of Copper Ion Complexes of Sterically Congested Diaryldiazomethanes Having a Pyridine Ligand andCharacterization of Their Photoproducts, Tetsuji ITOH, Masayoshi MATSUNO, Eiko KAMIYA, Katsuyuki HIRAI, Hideo
TOMIOKA: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, pp. 7078-7093, 2005

A Tris(carbene) Consisted with Stable Triplet Carbene Units, Yoko Tsuchiya, Tetsuji ITOH, Katsuyuki HIRAI, Hideo
TOMIOKA: Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 78, pp. 2037-2050, 2005

Preparation of Sterically Congested Diphenyldiazomethanes Having a Pyridine Ligand and Magnetic Characterizationof Photoproducts of Their 2:1 Copper Complexes, Masayoshi MATSUNO, Tetsuji ITOH, Katsuyuki HIRAI, Hideo
TOMIOKA: J. Org. Chem., 70, pp. 7054-7064, 2005

Emisson Spectroscopic Investigation of Triplet Diarylcarbene Generated in Molecular Sieve VPI-5, Shuichi
HASHIMOTO*, Masashi SAITOH*, Nobuyuki TAIRA*, Wolfgang SCHMIDT*, Katsuyuki HIRAI, Hideo
TOMIOKA: J. Phys. Chem. B, 109, pp. 20407-20414, 2005

A－39

Preparation of a Copper Ion Complex of Sterically Congested Diphenyldiazomethanes Having a Pyridine Ligand andCharacterization of Their Photoproducts, Tetsuji ITOH, Masayoshi MATSUNO, Shuhei OZAKI, Katsuyuki HIRAI,
Hideo TOMIOKA: J. Phys. Chem. B, 109, pp. 20763-20772, 2005

Density Functional Study on the Highest and Lowest Spin States of [Mn2O2(H2O)8]q+ (q = 0, 2, 4),
Masaki MITANI, Takeharu KATSURADA, Yohei WAKAMATSU, Yasunori YOSHIOKA: Internet
Electronic Journal of Molecular Design 4 (2), pp. 94-105, 2005

Theory of Molecular Magnetism. (Part 13). Material Design of Organic Ferromagnetic Polymers andFerromagnetic Conductors, Takashi KAWAKAMI, Masaki MITANI, Shunsuke YAMANAKA,
Mitutaka OKUMURA, Kizashi YAMAGUCHI: Kotai Butsuri 40 (11), pp. 855-869, 2005

The Synthesis of NiO-CGO Powder, and the Processing and Properties of NiO-CGO Anodes, Eisaku
SUDA, Bernard PACAUD, Yvan MONTARDI, Mikio ITAGAKI, Satoshi OHARA, Yasuo TAKEDA:
Ceramic Transactions, 146, pp. 475-481, 2005

All Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries Based on Intercalation Electrodes and Poly (ethylene oxide)-LiXElectrolytes, Yu LIU, Yashihisa ONO, Tadaaki MATSUMURA, Atsushi HIRANO, Takayuki
ICHIKAWA, Nobuyuki IMANISHI, Yasuo TAKEDA: Research Reports of the Faculty of Engineering,
Mie University, 30, pp. 1-12, 2005

Preparation and Characterization of Si/C Composite Coated with Polyaniline as Novel Anodes for
Li-Ion Batteries, Yu LIU, Tadaaki MATSUMURA, Nobuyuki IMANISHI, Atsushi HIRANO,
Takayuki ICHIKAWA, Yasuo TAKEDA: Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, 8 (11), pp.
A599-A602, 2005

Electrochemical Studies of the Si-Based Composites with Large Capacity and Good Cycling Stability
as Anode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Ion Batteries, Kazuma HANAI, Yu LIU, Nobuyuki
IMANISHI, Atsushi HIRANO, Tadaaki MATSUMURA, Takayuki ICHIKAWA, Yasuo TAKEDA:
Journal of Power Sources, 146 (1-2), pp. 156-160, 2005

Electrochemical Properties and Moessbauer Effect of anti-Fluorite Type Compound, Li5FeO4, Atsushi
HIRANO, Tadaaki MATSUMURA, Mitsuyasu UEDA, Nobuyuki IMANISHI, Yasuo TAKEDA,
Mitsuharu TABUCHI: Solid State Ionics, 176 (37-38), pp. 2777-2782, 2005

Electrochemical Characterization of a Novel Si-Graphite-Li2.6Co0.4N Composite as Anode Material for

A－40

Llithium Secondary Batteries, Yu LIU, Kazuma HANAI, Kumi HORIKAWA, Nobuyuki IMANISHI,
Atsushi HIRANO, Yasuo TAKEDA: Materials Chemistry and Physics, 89 (1), pp. 80-84, 2005

Composite Anode Containing Nano-SiO1.1 and Li2.6Co0.4N with Solid PEO Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion
Batteries, Yu LIU, Jing YANG, Nobuyuki IMANISHI, Atsushi HIRANO, Yasuo TAKEDA, Osamu
YAMAMOTO: Journal of Power Sources, 146 (1-2), pp. 376-379, 2005

Antifluorite Compounds, Li5+xFe1-xCoxO4, as a Lithium Intercalation Host, Nobuyuki IMANISHI,
Yusuke INOUE, Atsushi HIRANO, Mitsuyasu UEDA, Yasuo TAKEDA, Hikari SAKAEBE,
Mitsuharu TABUCHI: Journal of Power Sources, 146 (1-2), pp. 21-26, 2005

Modification of Carbon Nanotubes by Laser Ablation, Fumio KOKAI, Akira KOSHIO, Mitsuru SHIRAISHI,
Kazuhisa MATSUTA, Shotaro SHIMODA, Masatou ISHIHARA*, Yoshinori KOGA*, Hiroshi DENO: Diamond Rel.
Mater. 14, pp. 724–728, 2005

Catalytic Growth of Nickel-Encapsulated and Hollow Graphitic Carbon Nanoparticles during Laser Vaporization of
Cellulose Char Containing Nickel, Fumio KOKAI, Yasushi YAMADA, Toshiki SUNOUCHI, Akira KOSHIO: Appl.
Phys. A 81, pp.1595–1599, 2005

Bending of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes over Gold Lines, T. WALKEAJÄRVI*, J. LIEVONEN*, Markus
AHLSKOG*, J. ÅSTRÖM*, Akira KOSHIO, Masako YUDASAKA*, Sumio IIJIMA*: J. Appl. Phys. 98,
pp.104301–104304, 2005

Fabrication and STM-Characterization of Novel Hybrid Materials of DNA/Carbon Nanotube, Megumi IIJIMA*,
Toshiaki WATABE*, Shun ISHII*, Akira KOSHIO, Takashi YAMAGUCHI*, Shunji BANDOW*, Sumio IIJIMA*,
Kenji SUZUKI*, Yusei MARUYAMA*: Chem. Phys. Lett. 414, pp. 520–524, 2005

Characterization of Humic Substances in Sea Bottom Sediments of Ago Bay, Mie Prefecture, Japan byHigh Performance Gel Permeation Chromatography, Satoshi KANECO, Ryuichi FURUO,
Mohammad Arifur RAHMAN, Tohru SUZUKI, Hideyuki KATSUMATA, Kiyohisa OHTA:
Photo/Electrochem. Photobiol. Environ. Energy Fuel、 4, pp. 399 – 408, 2005

Slurry Sampling Techniques for the Determination of Lead in Bangladeshi Fish Samples byElectrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with A Metal Tube Atomizer, Mohammad Arifur
RAHMAN, Satoshi KANECO, Tohru SUZUKI, Hideyuki KATSUMATA, Kiyohisa OHTA: Annali Di
Chmica、 95, pp. 325–333, 2005

A－41

Optimized Solar Photocatalytic Degradation of Bisphenol A in Water Using Zinc Oxide and theComparison of Its Efficiency with Titanium Dioxide, Mohammad Arifur RAHMAN, Satoshi
KANECO, Tohru SUZUKI, Hideyuki KATSUMATA, Kiyohisa OHTA: Annali Di Chmica、 95, pp.
715–719, 2005

Selected Elemental Composition of the Muscle Tissue of Three Species of Fish, Tilapia nilotica,
Cirrhina mrigala and Clarius batrachus from the Fresh Water Dhanmondi Lake in Bangladesh,
Aleya BEGUM, Md. Nurul AMIN, Satoshi KANECO, Kiyohisa OHTA: Food Chem., 93, pp. 439–443,
2005

Continuous Debromination of Bromoform in A Flow System Using Zinc Powder Under Mild
Conditions, Ahmed H.A. DABWAN, Tohru SUZUKI, Satoshi KANECO, Hideyuki KATSUMATA,
Kiyohisa OHTA: Photo/Electrochem. Photobiol. Environ. Energy Fuel, 4, pp. 409–418, 2005

Wastewater Treatment with Multilayer Media of Waste and Natural Indigenous Materials,
Mohammad Arifur RAHMAN, Shamim AHSAN, Satoshi KANECO, Hideyuki KATSUMATA, Tohru
SUZUKI, Kiyohisa OHTA: J. Environ. Management 74, pp. 107–110, 2005.

Effect of Temperature on Wastewater Treatment with Natural and Waste Materials, Shamim
AHSAN, Mohammad Arifur RAHMAN, Satoshi KANECO, Hideyuki KATSUMATA, Tohru SUZUKI,
Kiyohisa OHTA: Clean Technol. Environ. Polic,y 7, pp. 198–202, 2005

Microbial Metabolism of Di-n-butyl Phthalate by Baker’s Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aleya
BEGUM, Hideyuki KATSUMATA, Satoshi KANECO, Tohru SUZUKI, Kiyohisa OHTA:
Photo/Electrochem. Photobiol. Environ. Energy Fuel, 4, pp. 389–398, 2005

Determination of Simazine in Water Sample by HPLC After Preconcentration with Diatomaceous
Earth, Hideyuki KATSUMATA, Aya FUJII, Satoshi KANECO, Tohru SUZUKI, Kiyohisa OHTA:
Talanta, 65, pp. 129–134, 2005
Degradation of Carbofuran in Aqueous Solution by Fe(III) Aquacomplexes as Effective Photocatalysts,
Hideyuki KATSUMATA, Keisuke MATSUBA, Satoshi KANECO, Tohru SUZUKI, Kiyohisa OHTA,
Yoshihiro YOBIKO*: J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., 170, pp. 239–245, 2005

Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Using Magnesium and Zinc Powders Under High Pressure, Hideyuki
KATSUMATA, Satoshi KANECO, Tohru SUZUKI, Kiyohisa OHTA: ITE Lett. 6, pp. 345–349, 2005

Degradation of Linuron in Aqueous Solution by the Photo-Fenton Reaction, Hideyuki KATSUMATA,

A－42

Satoshi KANECO, Tohru SUZUKI, Kiyohisa OHTA, Yoshihiro YOBIKO*: Chem. Eng. J., 108, pp.
269–276, 2005

Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide at Copper-modified Nickel Electrode in Water +Methanol, Satoshi KANECO, Yuki SAKAGUCHI, Hideyuki KATSUMATA, Kiyohisa OHTA, Tohru
SUZUKI: Proceedings of PACIFICHEM 2005- Clean and Green Technologies Symposium,
http://www.apfct.com/, #678, 2005

Sintering Preparation Technology of Porous Materials from Sea Sediments and their Applications to
Water Purification, Satoshi KANECO, Isamu SENMATSU, Takuya HARADA, Hideyuki
KATSUMATA, Kiyohisa OHTA, Ahmed H.A. DABWAN, Tohru SUZUKI: Proceedings of
PACIFICHEM 2005- Clean and Green Technologies Symposium, http://www.apfct.com/, #692, 2005

Effects of Medium Compositions on Autographa californica Nucleopolyhedrovirus Replication andCellular Gene Expression in an Antheraea pernyi Cell Line, Kenichi MAEGAWA, Kyo ITOYAMA*,
Tetsuro SHINODA*, Tetsuro YOSHIMURA, Jun KOBAYASHI*: Journal of Insect Biotechnology and
Sericology, 74, pp. 63-73, 2005

All-or-None Switching of Transcriptional Activity on Single DNA Molecules Caused by a Discrete
Conformational Transition, Ayako YAMADA*, Koji KUBO*, Tonau NAKAI*, Kanta TSUMOTO,
Kenichi YOSHIKAWA*: Applied Physics Letters, 86, 223901 (3 pages), 2005

Enhancement and Inhibition of DNA Transcriptional Activity by Spermine: A Marked Difference
between Linear and Circular Templates: François LUCKEL*, Koji KUBO*, Kanta TSUMOTO,
Kenichi YOSHIKAWA*: FEBS Letters, 579, pp. 5119-5122, 2005

Reaction Properties of Catalytic Antibodies Encapsulated in Organo Substituted SiO2 Sol-Gel
Materials, Katsuya KATO*, Takao SAITO*, Sindhu SEELAN*, Masahiro TOMITA, Yoshiyuki
YOKOGAWA*: Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 100, pp.478-480, 2005

A New Technology for the Generation of Novel Monoclonal Antibodies Based on Short-term
Immunization, Masahiro TOMITA, Yoshiharu ASAOKA, Yasuhiko KATO, Shin OGATA*, Tian Yow
TSONG*, Tetsuro YOSHIMURA: Peptide Science, pp.105-108, 2005

DNA Conformation and Transcriptional Properties: A Higher-order of Silence, François LUCKEL*,
Koji KUBO*, Kanta TSUMOTO, Ayako YAMADA*, Kenichi YOSHIKAWA*: Proceedings of theA－43International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science, MHS 2005 Micro-Nano
COE, IEEE, pp. 81-84, 2005

Giant Vesicle as a Simple Model of a Living Cell: Construction of Biochemical Microreactors, Kanta
TSUMOTO, Shin-ichiro M. NOMURA*, Tsutomu HAMADA*, Koji KUBO*, Tetsuro YOSHIMURA,
Kenichi YOSHIKAWA*: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics
and Human Science, MHS 2005 Micro-Nano COE, IEEE, pp. 85-89, 2005

Photo-induced Vectorial Electron Transfer through Oriented Metal Coordinated Peptide Assembly on a
Self-Assembled Monolayer, Masahiro HIGUCHI, Hironobu Ooi, Masami KAWAGUCHI: Trans. MRS-J., 30, pp.
325-328, 2005

Formation of Substrate-Induced Amphiphilic Sequential Peptide Assembly in a Lipid Monolayer, Takenori SAITO,
Masahiro HIGUCHI, Masami KAWAGUCHI: Trans. MRS-J., 30, pp. 329-332, 2005

pH-Induced Reversible Conformational and Morphological Regulation of Polyleucine Grafted Polyallylamine
Assembly in Solution, Masahiro, HIGUCHI, Takateru INOUE, Hideroni MIYOSHI, Masami KAWAGUCHI:
Langmuir, 21 (24), pp. 11462-11467, 2005

Viscous Fingering in Shear Thickening Silica Suspensions, Naoki KAGEI, Daisuke KANIE, Masami KAWAGUCHI:
Physics of Fluids, 17 (5), pp. 054103-1-054103-5, 2005

Mixed Films of Poly(n-hexyl isocyanate) and Poly(vinyl acetate) at the Air-Water Interface, Masami
KAWAGUCHI, Mikage SUZUKI: J. Colloid Interface Sci., 288, pp. 548-552, 2005

AFM Studies on LB Films of Poly(n-hexyl isocyanate), Poly(vinyl acetate), and their Binary Mixtures, Masaki
OHKITA, Masahiro HIGUCHI, Masami KAWAGUCHI: J. Colloid Interface Sci., 292, pp. 300-303, 2005

Second Harmonic Generation of Thermally Poled ZnCl2-B2O3-TeO2 Glasses and Its Mechanism, Hiroyuki NASU,
Yuki NAGAIKE, Hirofumi TAKEDA, Tadanori HASHIMOTO, Kanichi KAMIYA: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 2,
44 (30), pp. L964-L965, 2005

Second Harmonic Generation from Thermally Poled Ge-S Glass System, Yukari NAKANE, Hiroyuki NASU, Jong
HEO*, Tadanori HASHIMOTO, Kanichi KAMIYA: J. Ceram. Soc. Japan, 113 (11), pp. 728-732, 2005

A－44

Influence of Matrix on Third Order Optical Nonlinearity for Semiconductor Nanocrystals Embedded in Glass Thin
Films Prepared by Rf-Sputtering, Hiroyuki NASU, Akimasa TANAKA, Kenji KAMADA*, Tadanori
HASHIMOTO: J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 351 (10-11), pp. 893-899, 2005

Second Harmonic Generation from Thermally Poled PbO-Bi2O3-Ga2O3 Glasses, Hiroyuki NASU, Hirofumi
TAKEDA, Tadanori HASHIMOTO, Kanichi KAMIYA: J. Ceram. Soc. Japan, 113 (8), pp. 555-557, 2005

Sol-Gel Preparation and Properties of TiO2-P2O5 Bulk Glasses, Anjiang TANG, Tadanori HASHIMOTO,
Hiroyuki NASU, Kanichi KAMIYA: Mater. Res. Bull., 40 (1), pp. 55-66, 2005

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Department of Architecture*nonmember

Urban Design of Civic Center in prefectural capital Cities based on Japanese Castle-Towns in theearly Showa era.[in Japanese], Kenjiro MATSUURA, Satoshi KUSAKABE , Yoshihiro
YOKOTA , Yosuke YAMAGUCHI and Masuro URAYAMA : Jounal of Architecture and Planning ,Transactions of Architectural Institute of Japan, No. 588, p.p. 87-94, 2005.2
This paper aims to clarify how to form Civic Center in Castle area in relation toCastle-Towns basis analyzing cases of prefectural capital 17 Cities based on JapaneseCastle-Towns in the early Showa era.
Findings are as follows : 1) Government and municipal offices tended to be dispersed
from Meiji and Taisho era to the early Showa era, 2)The whole government and municipal offices
tended to be located outside Castle area,but those which formed Civic Center tended to be locatedinside Castle area, 3)Paying attention to "Class" and "Axis" as space elements of making Castle
area , as a result of analyzing relationship between those and Civic Center , we discover various
Urban Design method of Civic Center such as Discrimination by locating Prefectural office in thesite of the main enclosure of a castle and making identified and symbolic Urban Space bylocating government and municipal offices along moat or skirts of a mountain or main streets.

STUDY ON HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION PLAN OF DA-DAO-CHENG
DISTRICT IN TAIPEI [in Japanese], Meiyin LIN, Satoshi ASANO and Masuro URAYAMA,
Journal of Architecture Planning of AIJ, No.592, pp.123-133, 2005
Da-Dao-Cheng district, with various kinds of historic shop-houses, is located in
Metropolitan of Taipei. The conservation movement by the citizen, NPOs, and experts beganwith the road-widening urban plan on the main street, Di-Hwa Street, and led to the change ofpolicies to conservation. The conservation plan was officially announced in 2000 after varions
discussions, by designated as a special district with the use of system of Transfer of Development
Rights. This paper discusses the achievement and issues of the conservation plan, by analyzing
the process of plan making, changing of conservation proposals, and the current operations.

An Economical Evaluation of Greenery Townscape composed by Trees on Housing Lots - A
Study on Possibility of Co-Managing the Common Benefit of Private Spaces in Cooperate with
Local Residents - [in Japanese], Naoki HAYASHI, Shiro KAWAI and Masuro URAYAMA,
Journal of the City Planning Institute of JAPAN, No.40-3, pp.841-846, 2005
This paper evaluates the environmental values that residents will pay for enjoying
greenery townscape composed by trees on housing lots. Two questionnaires were carried out; oneis to compare the residents’ consciousness of 3 neighborhoods which have various green covered
area ratio on their greenery townscape, another is to evaluate the economical values of greenery
townscape using Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). Conclusions are as followings: Residents
in greenery neighborhood think that their and surrounding lots contribute to make greenery
townscape rich. Therefore many residents will pay a part of the cost to maintain the greeneryA－46

townscape formed by trees on surrounding housing lots that makes them feel common green.

Study on Classification of Irrigation Reservoirs for Improvement Planning [in Japanese], Akira
TOMORI and Masuro URAYAMA, Papers on Environmental Information Science, No.19,
pp.77-82, 2005
This paper presents an improvement guideline of irrigation reservoir as environmental
resources. In order to classify reservoir for improvement planning, five common factors wereextracted from factor analysis of fourteen indicators. Through cluster analysis, reservoirs could
be classified in five groups: big reservoirs, irrigation reservoirs for agricultural propose, rural
reservoirs adjacent to residential area, small reservoirs in urban areas and small reservoirs inrural areas. Also, characteristics of reservoir improved as urban parks and as rural improvement
project were analyzed, and compared with those groups to see conditions for selection forimprovement planning. The selection method shows that the improvement planning emphasizes
the use of reservoir as irrigation facility or as environmental resources.

A COMPARISON STUDY ON USERS ’ CHARACTERISTICS AND RECREATIONAL
ACTIVITIES BETWEEN A PARK WITH RESERVOIR AND ANOTHER WITHOUTRESERVOIR −Characteristics of recreational activities at reservoir’s waterfront area− [inJapanese], Akira TOMORI and Masuro URAYAMA, Journal of the City Planning Institute ofJAPAN, No.598, pp. 87-94, 2005
Abstract: Reservoirs are artificial lakes built as agricultural facilities, and play asignificant role as urban resources. A comparison study through observation and questionnaire
survey between a park with reservoir and another without reservoir was conducted to examine
the characteristics of recreational activities at reservoir’s waterfront area. In a park withreservoir, passive recreational, active recreational and walking were observed at waterfront area,
which includes the walking path and the bank. Walking was the dominant recreational activity
in this area and the majority of this recreational activity was daily or weekly - elderly users.
Users that came to walk in a park with reservoir were more and stayed longer than in a park
without reservoir due to opportunities for enjoying the aesthetical quality that the reservoir andthe environment provide.

A Study on the applying Circumstances and Roles of the Landscape Administrative Measuresin the Landscape Ordinance about the Total Developmnt Type, The present condition of thePrefectures’ landscape administrative measures centered on the landscape ordinances Part 1,
Yoshio BANDO, Satoshi ASANO and Shoji IMAI, Journal of Architecture and Planning, No.597,
pp.109-118, 2005

City Planning Stdies “Presents Situation and Prospects, Foregin Countries”, Satoshi ASANO,City Planning Review, No.262, pp.83-88, 2005

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A Study on the Successive Change Condition of Management of Condominiums Including Many
Units in Tokai Area−Management Rules and Countermeasures to Pets Breeding Problem− [inJapanese], Hiroyuki Takai, Urban Housing Sciences, No.51, pp.95-100, 2005
The aim of this research is to make clear the actual condition on successive change ofthe management of condominiums including many units in Tokai area, especially focused on the
management rules and countermeasures to pets breeding problem. The research was made for 9
housing estates by the way of hearing to the chief of homeowners association or the management
staff. Many changes are surely occurred. For example, management rules and the organization of
homeowners association are changed because of physical aging, residents’aging and short of theassociation’s budget. The countermeasures to the pets breeding problem are various in eachcondominium in spite of almost all residents’ much dissatisfaction.

A Study on the Successive Change Condition of Common Spaces and facilities in Condominiums
Including Many Units [in Japanese], Ch. Hiroyuki Takai; Mem. Hiroko Saito, Mitsuo Takada ,Nishido Hirotaka , Yuki Miyauchi and Takahiro Moki, Journal of Housing Research Foundation,
No.31, pp.241-250, 2005
Common spaces and facilities have taken root as a way of planning for condominiums
including many units in Japan. The aim of this study is to make clear the actual condition on
successive change of these common spaces and facilities in early condominiums, and makesuggestions to make them work well. The researches were conducted by way of questioners to
the chief of homeowners association or the management staff by mail and hearing on 8 housing
estates. Some interesting changes have already occurred and they can be arranged by threefactors. From the actual conditions of these changes 8 suggestions to make them work well
could be made.

Experimental Study on Behavior of Free Water in Dewatered Concrete Using Visible Evaluation
Method [in Japanese], Toshitsugu INUKAI, Shigemitsu HATANAKA, Naoki MISHIMA and
Minsu JANG, Proceedings of the Japan Concrete Institute, Vol.27, No.1, pp.595-600, 2005.7

Behavior of Air Bubbles in Mortar and Concrete during Vacuum-processing [in Japanese] Eisuke
SAKAMOTO, Shigemitsu HATANAKA, Hiroki HATTORI and Naoki MISHIMA, Proceedings of
the Japan Concrete Institute, Vol.27, No.1, pp.1021-1026, 2005.7

Fundamental Study on Exfoliation Damage Properties of Porous Concrete by Wear Test [inJapanese] Takeshi NAKAGAWA, Toshitsugu INUKAI, Naoki MISHIMA and Shigemitsu
HATANAKA, Proceedings of the Japan Concrete Institute, Vol.27, No.1, pp.1261-1266, 2005.7

Fundamental Study on Distribution of Compressive Strength of Porous Concrete [in Japanese]

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Takamasa YAMAMOTO, Shigemitsu HATANAKA, Sachio KOIKE* and Naoki MISHIMA,
Proceedings of the Japan Concrete Institute, Vol.27, No.1, pp.1267-1272, 2005.7

Fundamental Study on Bending Fracture Properties of Large Particle Size Porous Concrete [inJapanese] Akihiro MAEGAWA, Shigemitsu HATANAKA, Naoki MISHIMA and Moe KURODA,
Proceedings of the Japan Concrete Institute, Vol.27, No.1, pp.1273-1278, 2005.7

Axial Compression 3-D FEM Analysis on Confined Concrete with Bleeding Layers [in Japanese]
Yukio YOSHIDA, Eiji MIZUNO* and Shigemitsu HATANAKA, Proceedings of the Japan
Concrete Institute, Vol.27, No.2, pp.103-108, 2005.7

Effect of Piles on Rotating Criteria of Shear Walls in Seismic Evaluation of Existing RC
Buildings [in Japanese] Toyofumi TAKADA, Shigemitsu HATANAKA and Kenzo KUBOTA,
Proceedings of the Japan Concrete Institute, Vol.27, No.2, pp.1183-1188, 2005.7

Compressive Failure 3-D FEM Analysis of Cylindrical Confined Concrete with the
Drucker-Prager Model [in Japanese] Yukio YOSHIDA, Shigemitsu HATANAKA and Eiji
MIZUNO*, J. Struct. Constr. Eng. AIJ, No.587，pp.155-162，2005.1
Main purpose of the present study is to discuss the effect of parameters (e.g. internal
friction angle and dilatancy angle) of the constitutive law of Drucker -Prager type on the result of
simulation analysis of confined concrete under compression. Two series of 3-D FEN analyses
have been carried out. Firstly, the optimum values of the internal friction angle and dilatancy
angle, used in the Drucker-Prager type plasticity model with the strain softening effect, havebeen discussed for a set of compressive strength data of concrete specimens with different shapes.
As a result, reasonable value as the internal friction angle has been found to be approximately 30
degrees for a condition of rather high equivalent lateral pressure. Secondly, simulation analyses
have been carried out for the compressive behavior of cylindrical concrete specimens confined bysteel tubes or reinforcing bars, introducing interface element and different values of the internal
friction angle. As a result, it has been pointed out that the distribution of equivalent confiningpressure along the longitudinal direction of a specimen and the progress of the degree of damage
in horizontal sections differ to a large extent by the value of internal friction angle applied.

Experimental Study on Influence of Pore Water Pressure on Shear Deformation of Fresh
Concrete [in Japanese] Gun-Cheol LEE*, Yasuo TANIGAWA*, Hiroshi MORI*, Yoshiyuki
KUROKAWA* and Naoki MISHIMA, J. Struct. Constr. Eng. AIJ, No.588，pp.7-12，2005.2
In this study, the rheological properties of fresh mortar and concrete were investigatedexperimentally by shear box test. The pore water pressure in fresh mortar and concrete wasmeasured as an influence factor of rheological properties of fresh concrete. The cohesion and thecoefficient of dynamic internal friction were represented from pore water pressure and shear

A－49

stress measured in the experiment. As the result, it was clarified that the rheological properties
is affected by the pore water pressure in fresh mortar and concrete. Moreover, the correcting
method of shear stress in case of shear box test was obtained, and the cohesion and the coefficientof dynamic internal friction were quantified.

Effect of Mesh Size of Filter Mats and Vacuum Pressure Ratio on Quality of Vacuum Processed[in Japanese] Shigemitsu HATANAKA, Hiroshi WATO, Naoki MISHIMA and Akio
MURAMATSU*, J. Struct. Constr. Eng. AIJ, No.588，pp.13-19，2005.2
The strength and hardness of concrete slab surface is considered significantly affectedby bleeding of concrete. It has been reported that vacuum processing is quite effective to obtainhigh density of concrete. The method, however, has not been successfully used for the concrete
work in the field of building construction, compared with that of civil engineering works in Japan.
In the present study, as the sequence of the earlier experiment, two series of experiments havebeen carried out in order to examine the effect of mesh size of a filter mat and vacuum pressure
ratio. As a result, the internal strength distribution of concrete slab gets to be more preferable as
the mesh size becomes smaller and vacuum pressure ratio higher. Further, discussion has been
conducted, based on the experimental results including the earlier ones, in order to find morereasonable and effective way in the application of the proposed vacuum processing method.

Fundamental Study on Manufacturing Method of Large Particle Size Porous Concrete Using
Concrete Rubble and Applicability as Fishing Bank [in Japanese] Akihiro MAEGAWA,
Shigemitsu HATANAKA, Naoki MISHIMA and Yukihisa YUASA, J. Struct. Constr. Eng. AIJ,
No.589，pp.43-48，2005.3
To expand the usage of porous concrete, the authors have examined manufacturingmethod of large particle size porous concrete using concrete rubble. In the manufacture of large
particle size porous concrete, in stead of manufacturing with a mixer, the binder mortar was
sprayed on the upper surface of the concrete rubbles of every layer. The results obtained from thepresent study are as follows.
1. Recycling type large particle size porous concrete was producible by spraying method.
2. Void diameter located outside of the large particle size porous concrete can be presumed byusing a simple theoretical formula. Moreover，the void diameter can be controlled by adjusting
aggregate diameter, adhesion thickness of binder mortar, and number of aggregates.
3. Applicability of the large particle size porous concrete to the fishing bank for lobster was
sufficiently confirmed.

Experimental Study on Bleeding Behavior of Free Water in Mortar Based on the Visible
Evaluation Method [in Japanese] Toshitsugu INUKAI, Shigemitsu HATANAKA, NaokiNISHIMA and Rinji KANEKO*, J. Struct. Constr. Eng. AIJ, No.590，pp.1-7，2005.4
Main purpose of the present study is to examine the rising behavior (bleeding) of freewater in mortar by using a proposed visible evaluation method. A series of experiments of exp.1

A－50

to 3 was carried out. In exp.1, rising path of colored liquid as free water injected into mortar wasobserved. In exp.2, effect of the volume of the injected colored liquid on its rising distance was
examined, and the behavior of the internal bleeding was idealized for modelling. In exp.3,
applicability of the proposed model was verified through the 2-dimensional visualization
experiment, using model materials. Consequently, it was shown by the devised visible evaluation
method that the internal bleeding behavior of mortar can be checked qualitatively. Moreover, therising process of the modeled free water showed clearly that the proposed method is applicable toactual mortar and concrete.

Fundamental Study on Rotating Criteria of Seismic Walls in Seismic Evaluation of Existing RC
Buildings [in Japanese] Shigemitsu HATANAKA, Yoshiyuki KATOU, Kenzo KUBOTA andYoshiro KOHAMA*, J. Struct. Constr. Eng. AIJ, No.590，pp.79-86，2005.4
Evaluation (screening) of the seismic performance of RC buildings has been widely
carried out in various ways mainly based on the manual issued by Japan Disaster Prevention
Association. According to results of the evaluation to date, failure mode of aseismic walls are apt
to be estimated as “rotation”, in spite of the fact that such failure mode has been hardly
recognized in the past disasters, except for the case of collapses due to uneven settlement or
liquifation of ground. In the present study, firstly the resisting mechanism of a structure against
rotating internal walls is analysed, using the result by “the 3rd-step aseismic evaluation
method” for a typical old building of 3 stories. Secondly, the effect of foundation piles on therotation bearing capacity of seismic walls is discussed. As a result, it is pointed out that the main
factors affecting the bearing capacity are resisting forces due to dead load, coupling beams,
transverse walls, and foundation piles. In order to change the failure mode of rotation intoanother one (bending or shear), however, combination of two or more resisting forces due to theabove factors is required.

Experimental Study on Effects of Binder Strength and Aggregate Size on Relationship between
Compressive Strength and Void Ratio of Porous Concrete [in Japanese] Shigemitsu HATANAKA,
Naoki MISHIMA and Yukihisa YUASA, J. Struct. Constr. Eng. AIJ, No.594，pp.17-23，2005.8
The authors have proposed an empirical formula for predicting the relationships
between compressive strength and void ratio of porous concrete in the earlier paper. Main
purpose of the present study is to discuss the effects of binder strength and aggregate size on thestrength-void ratio relationships, based on the experimental data. Two series of experiments
have been carried out, and the followings have been found. 1)The compressive strength of porous
concrete at a constant void ratio is dependent on the binder strength and the aggregate size,
while independent on the flow value of binder. 2)The earlier proposed formula for the predictionof compressive strength-void ratio relationships is found to be applicable to porous concrete
tested in the present study.

Study on Mechanism of Strength Distribution in Vacuum Processed Concrete Based on theConsolidation Theory [in Japanese] Shigemitsu HATANAKA, Hiroki HATTORI, Eisuke

A－51

SAKAMOTO and Naoki MISHIMA, J. Struct. Constr. Eng. AIJ, No.596，pp.1-8，2005.10
The strength and hardness of concrete slab surface is considered significantly affectedby bleeding of concrete. It has been reported that dewatering by vacuum processing is quite
effective to make concrete high density and high strength. In the earlier report, the authors havealready pointed out that there is a strong relationship between the strength distribution anddensity distribution in the vacuum processed concrete, both gradually decreasing from the top
surface to about 15 cm depth of concrete. Main purpose of the present study is to discuss themechanism of the occurrence of such distribution of strength and density, based on consolidation
theory. The present paper reports the results of the investigation on the distribution ofingredients in mortar and concrete. Further, a prediction method for the strength improvementof concrete by vacuum processing is also discussed.

Uniaxial Compression FEM Analysis of Cylindrical Concrete with Strength Variation Due toBleeding [in Japanese] Yukio YOSHIDA, Eiji MIZUNO* and Shigemitsu HATANAKA, J. Struct.
Constr. Eng. AIJ, No.596，pp.71-78，2005.10
Purpose of the present study is to discuss the compressive failure state and theeffectiveness of internal friction angle used in the Drucker-Prager model, based on the uniaxial
compression 3-D FEM analysis of plain concrete with the strength variation due to bleeding. As aresult of analyses, which introduced the different values of internal friction angle (30 and 53
degree), it has been pointed out that 1) the failure zone along the longitudinal direction of
specimen shows tendency of proportional reduction with the increase in the size of a specimen,
and 2) the distribution of equivalent strain inside a specimen obtained from the analysis withinternal friction angle of 53 degree can represent the ordinary failure pattern.

Research on Stability of Fishing Bank Made by Large Particle Size Porous Concrete Placed
Under Sea [in Japanese] Akihiro MAEGAWA, Toshihiko SHAKOUCHI, Yukihisa YUASA, Naoki
MISHIMA and Shigemitsu HATANAKA, AIJ Journal of Technology and Design, No.22, 53-58,
2005.12In this report, the stability and applicability of fishing bank made by large particle size
porous concrete was examined in the large-scale waterway where wave and current can begenerated. It has been found that void of fishing bank decreases power of current and wave, andthe effect on wave energy is especially large.

Three-dimensional predictive analysis of ground vibrations produced by construction work,
Toshikazu HANAZATO, Norio TAGUCHI, Yoshiaki NAGATAKI and Yoshio IKEDA,
Environmental Vibrations : Prediction, Monitoring, Mitigation and Evaluation, pp381-384,2005
Construction of high-tech facilities that must be protected against vibrations bymachine, traffic and construction vibrations has been in great demand. In order to satisfy therequirement of performance of these facilities, it is needed to control the vibrations within theA－52

allowable limit being strict for precision instruments in buildings. This implies necessity fordevelopment of 3-dimensional dynamic soil-structure analysis that makes it possible toaccurately predict the vibrations transmitting from sources to structures via soils, as well as, toemploy it to develop the most suitable measures for reduction of vibrations. Therefore, we havedeveloped the analysis technique that combines 3-D FEM with thin layer method to predict the
ground vibrations produced by traffics, machines and construction operations. In the present
technique, 3-D finite element and thin layer models represent near-field including structure andfar-field, respectively.

Experimental Study on the Load-Deformation Characteristics of Concrete Filled Circular Steel
Tube Short Columns under Axial Compression Considering Size Effect, Takamasa YAMAMOTO,
Jun KAWAGUCHI and Shosuke MORINO [in Jaoanese], Journal Structural Construction
Engineering, AIJ, No. 592, 2005.6, pp. 193-200.
Behavior of a circular concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) short columns under axial
compression is influenced by the interactive effects between steel and concrete. This paper first
derives the constitutive equations of the concrete considering the triaxial stress state under theincremental lateral stresses. Second, the numerical formulas for predicting stress-strain behaviorof steel tube are proposed based on the experimental results. By using the obtained numericalformulas, the load-deformation behavior of a circular CFT short column under uniaxial
compression is predicted, considering the size effect.

Study on the Size Effect on Compressive Strength of Concrete Filled Square Steel Short Tube [inJapanese], Takamasa YAMAMOTO, Jun KAWAGUCHI, Shosuke MORINO and Sachio KOIKE,
Journal of Constructional Steel, Vol. 13, 2005.11, pp. 509 - 514.
Compression tests of square concrete filled steel tube (CFT) short columns have been
conducted to clarify the size effect on the compressive strength of square CFT columns. The
experimental variables were as follows: size of specimen, strength of filled concrete, wide
thikness ratio and loading methods (applying the compression load only on the plain concrete,
the filled concrete and on the overall cross-section). This paper first presents the test results
concerning compressive strength and discusses of the strength of square CFT short columns
considering the size and confining effects.

Study on the Improvement of Indoor Relative Humidity for Office Buildings during Heating
Operations in Winter [in Japanese], Shigehiro ICHINOSE, Kazunobu SAGARA,Yukio
ISHIKAWA,
Toshifumi
KOBAYASHI,
Genzaburou
FUKAYAandIkuya
KAWAKAMI,Transactions of the Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning and Sanitary Engineers ofJapan,No.100, pp.27-37, 2005

Study on Mixing Model for Temperature-stratified Thermal Storage Tank under Variable Input
Conditions in Actual Operation, Hiroaki KITANO, Takeshi IWATA and Kazunobu SAGARA*,

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Transactions of the Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan, No.96,
pp.31-40, 2005.1

Thermal performance of a solar cooker based on an evacuated tube solar collector with a PCM
storage unit, Someshower Dutt Sharma*, Takeshi IWATA, Hiroaki KITANO, Kazunobu
SAGARA*, Solar Energy, Vol.78, No.3, pp.416-426, 2005.3

Verification of Simple Design Method for Air-based Solar Heating System by System Simulation,
Hiroaki KITANO, Takeshi IWATA and Kazunobu SAGARA*, Journal of Japan Solar Energy
Society, Vol.31, No.4, pp.37-47, 2005.7

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Department of Information Engineering*nonmember
Dependency Pairs for Simply Typed Term Rewriting, Takahito AOTO* and Toshiyuki YAMADA:
Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Rewriting Techniques and Applications (RTA
2005), Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3467, pp.120-134, 2005
Simply typed term rewriting proposed by Yamada (RTA, 2001) is a framework of higher-orderterm rewriting without bound variables. In this paper, the dependency pair method of first-order term
rewriting introduced by Arts and Giesl (TCS, 2000) is extended in order to show termination of simply
typed term rewriting systems. Basic concepts such as dependency pairs and estimated dependency
graph in the simply typed term rewriting framework are clarified. The subterm criterion introduced
by Hirokawa and Middeldorp (RTA, 2004) is successfully extended to the case where terms of function
type are allowed. Finally, an experimental result for a collection of simply typed term rewriting
systems is presented. Our method is compared with the direct application of the first-orderdependency pair method to a first-order encoding of simply typed term rewriting systems.

The Reachability and Related Decision Problems for Semi-Constructor TRSs, Ichiro MITSUHASHI,
Michio OYAMAGUCHI and Toshiyuki YAMADA; KOKYUROKU of Research Institure forMathematical Sciences Kyoto University, Theoretical Computer Science and its Applications, vol.1426,
pp.101-105, 2005
This paper shows that reachability is undecidable for confluent monadic and semi-constructor
TRSs, and Joinability and confluence are undecidable for monadic and semi-constructor TRSs. Here, a
TRS is monadic if the height of the right-hand side of each rewrite rule is at most 1, andsemi-constructor if all defined symbols appearing in the right-hand side of each rewrite rule occur onlyin its ground subterms.

An Improved Approximation Ratio for Task Scheduling Algorithm using Maximum Matching [inJapanese], Shinnosuke NIIMI, Michio OYAMAGUCHI, Yoshikatsu OHTA and Kohei YAMAMOTO:
KOKYUROKU of Research Institure for Mathematical Sciences Kyoto University, TheoreticalComputer Science and its Applications, vol.1426, pp.184-188, 2005
Papadimitriou et al. (1990) showed that the scheduling problem which allows making copies oftasks and takes communication delay into account is NP-complete. They also presented an algorithmof approximation ratio 2 by introducing the notion of e-value, which gives a lower-bound of the optimal
solution. Kato et al. (2004) introduced an improved lower bound, called low-value, and gave anapproximation algorithm. This result is the best result known so far.
We further improve the results by Kato et al. and present an algorithm of approximation ratio 26/17
when c is 1 and 2-1/1.67c when c is greater than 1 where c is the least integer which does not exceed
low-value/(communication delay)+1. Moreover, we give an approximation algorithm which allows
arbitrary natural number as execution time by relaxing the requirement that execution time to beconstant.

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Widely-distributed implementation of Task Parallel Script Language MegaScript [in Japanese],
Takehiko NISHIKAWA, Yuji TAKAGI, Kazuhiko OHNO, Takahiro SASAKI, Toshio KONDO andHiroshi NAKASHIMA*: Symposium on Advanced Computing Systems and Infrastructures
SACSIS2005, pp.251-252, 2005
We are developing a task parallel script language MegaScript for megascale computing.
MegaScript regards independent programs as tasks, and executes them in parallel. Single scheduler
controls all tasks in current implementation, but it will cause large overhead in megascale
environment. In this paper, we describe the design of the scheduler and runtime for widely-distributed
environment.

A Design of Prototype Low Energy Processor by Variable Stages Pipeline Technique, Yuji ICHIKAWA*,
Takahiro SASAKI, Tetsuo HIRONAKA*, Kazuya TANIGAWA*, Toshiaki KITAMURA* and Toshio
KONDO: Proc. of International Technical Conference on Circuits/Systems Computers andCommunications (ITC-CSCC2004), Vol.2, pp.561-562, 2005
Recently, in the field of mobile computing specially, the simultaneous achievement of low
energy and high performance computing is required rather than just low power computing. We
propose the VSP (Variable Stages Pipeline) as low energy technique with logic cell called LDS-cell(Latch D-FF Selector - cell) which is key technology to satisfy the above requirements. We show that
VSP can reduce more energy than DVS and PSU (Pipeline Stage Unification).

Chip size and performance Evaluations of Shared Cache for On-Chip Multiprocessor, Takahiro
SASAKI, Tomohiro INOUE*, Nobuhiko OMORI*, Tetsuo HIRONAKA*, Hans J. MATTAUSCH*,
Tetsushi KOIDE*: Systems and Computers in Japan, Vol.36, No.9, pp.1-13, 2005
Recent semiconductor technology makes on-chip multiprocessor, with several CPU s and cachememories on a single chip, realistic. Generally, the conventional multiprocessor systems with sharedmemory offer simple programming model, but needs cache coherency mechanism that may become
the bottleneck of the systems. Furthermore, same data may be cached on two or more caches, and it
prevents effective cache utilization. Multiport cache is one solution, but by using the conventional
multiport memory architecture, the chip size of multiport cache will proportion to the square of thenumber of ports. On the other hand, with our proposing hierarchical multiport memory architecture,
the multiport memory can be implemented with less chip size than the conventional methods. This
paper proposes the shared cache with hierarchical multiport memory architecture that does not needcoherency mechanism. This paper also shows the results of performance evaluations and chip size
estimations.

Telecommunications tunnel monitoring system based on distributed optical fiber strain measurement,
Hiroshi NARUSE, Koji KOMATSU*, Kazuhiko FUJIHASHI* and Masaru OKUTSU*: Proceedings ofthe 17th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors (OFS-17), SPIE Vol.5855, pp.168-171,
2005

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We have developed a system for monitoring telecommunications tunnels to improve thereliability of telecommunication and to reduce maintenance costs through early damage detection.
Core components of the system are a Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometer (BOTDR), whichallows distributed and long-distance strain measurement, and optical fiber sensors installed intunnels. Experimental results show that this system can detect tunnel deformation with ameasurement error of 0.1 mm from a contraction of 1 mm to an elongation of 6 mm over a span of 10
km. The system used in practice at present is introduced.

Telecommunications Tunnel Monitoring System Employing BOTDR, Hiroshi NARUSE, Kazuhiko
FUJIHASHI* and Masaru OKUTSU*: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on
Opto-electronic Sensor-based Monitoring in Geo-engineering (OSMG-2005), pp.57-65, 2005
We have developed a system for monitoring the state of telecommunications tunnels. Thissystem detects deformation and damage by measuring the strain produced in the tunnels. Core
components of the system are a Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometer (BOTDR), which allows
distributed and long-distance strain measurement, and optical fiber sensors installed in tunnels. Basic
performances of the system were confirmed by experiments in a laboratory. For example, the system
can detect tunnel deformation with a measurement error of 0.1 mm from a contraction of 1 mm to an
elongation of 5 mm over a span of 10 km. And earthquake resistance was confirmed. A system used inpractice at present is introduced in detail.

Design of digital polarity correlators in a multiple user sonar ranging system, K. NAKAHIEA*, T.
KODAMA, T. FURUHASHI* and H. MAEDA*: IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. vol.54, pp.305-310, 2005
Pulsed ultrasonic distance measurement systems are frequently used in robotics applications,
thanks to their low cost and small size. The pulse compression techniques, originally developed byradar engineers, were adopted to eliminate frequent misreadings caused by crosstalk or external
ultrasound sources. However, a few problems become apparent when implementing the pulse
compression techniques in robotics applications. First, due to the implementation of correlation
functions, the complexity of the total system may significantly increase. Second, if the piezoelectrictransducer is excited by a chirp signal, efficiency is reduced due to the narrow bandwidth. In thispaper, we present a digital polarity correlator designed for binary coded frequency shift keyed signals
which increase the number of different sequences having the same length in a restricted band. The
digital signal processing system is integrated into a single programmable logic device. Experimental
measurements have been made and a good agreement with reference data has been obtained withnoise added.

Evolutionary computation applied to the reconstruction of 3-D surface topography in the SEM, Tetsuji
KODAMA, Xiaoyuan LI*, Kenji NAKAHIRA* and Dai ITO*: J. Electron Microsc. Vol. 54, pp. 429-435,
2005
A genetic algorithm has been applied to the line profile reconstruction from the signals of theA－57

standard secondary and/or backscattered electron detectors in a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
The topographical surface reconstruction problem is treated as one of combinatorial optimization. To
reconstruct three-dimensional (3-D) surface topography using the optimization approach, we must
examine a number of string coding alternatives for mapping a finite-length string to the 3-D surface
topography. In this paper the 3-D surface topography is represented by a set of coordinates of vertices
and we introduce the Delaunay triangulation which attains the minimum roughness for any set of theheight data to capture the fundamental features of the surface being probed by the electron beam.
Experimental results on secondary electron images are presented using a class of hybrid algorithms
based on a combination of the genetic algorithm and simulated annealing.

Estimatiors for Conditional Expectations under Asymmetric and Heteroscedastic Error Distribution,
Takafumi KANAMORI* and Ichiro TAKEUCHI: Proceedings of International Symposium on The Art
of Statistical Metaware (CD-ROM), 2005
We propose a new estimator for regression problems in the form of the linear combination ofquantile regressions. The proposed method is helpful to estimate the conditional expectation
especially when the error distribution is asymmetric or/and heteroscedastic, where conventional
robust regressions yield considerable bias to the conditional expectation. Numerical experiments onreal data are shown to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed estimator.

Conditional mean estimation under asymmetric and heteroscedastic error by linear combination ofquantile regressions, Takafumi KANAMORI* and Ichiro TAKEUCHI: Computational Statistics andData Analysis, vol.50, pp. 3605-3618, 2006, Available online 18 August 2005
In this paper we propose a new estimator for regression problems in the form of the linear
combination of quantile regressions. The proposed estimator is helpful for the conditional mean
estimation when the error distribution is asymmetric and heteroscedastic. It is shown that the
proposed estimator has the consistency under heteroscedastic regression model: Y = Μ (X) +σ(X) e,
where X is a vector of covariates, Y is a scalar response, e is a zero mean random variable independentof X and σ(X) is a positive value function. When the error term e is asymmetric, we show that the
proposed estimator yields better conditional mean estimation performance than the other estimators.
Numerical experiments both in synthetic and real data are shown to illustrate the usefulness of the
proposed estimator.

Motion sickness susceptibility associated with visually induced postural instability and cardiac
autonomic responses in healthy subjects, Y. YOKOTA*, M. AOKI*, K. MIZUTA*, Y. ITO, N. ISU: Acta
Oto-Laryngol. 125, pp. 280-285, 2005
This study assessed the relationship between postural and autonomic responses to a simulated
visual motion environment and reported susceptibility to motion sickness. Fifteen healthy subjects
were exposed to sinusoidally oscillating visual motion in roll at frequencies of 0.1-0.4 Hz. Recordings
were taken of postural sway, respiratory frequency and ECG from which heart rate variability (HRV)
was computed to probe cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. In subjects rating low

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susceptibility to motion sickness on a standardised questionnaire, there was no significant effect ofvisual stimulus on postural sway and HRV at any frequency of motion. Subjects with highsusceptibility to motion sickness showed significant postural instability induced by the visual stimuli(p<0.01). The visual stimuli of 0.1 Hz significantly increased the low frequency power (LF) andLF/HF, and decreased the high frequency power (HF) of HRV in these subjects (p<0.05).
This
study supports a hypothesis that the postural sway and autonomic responses to moving visual stimuli
may be associated with motion sickness susceptibility. Characteristics of the cardiac sympathovagal
balance during exposure to provocative stimulation may be a marker for individual susceptibility tomotion sickness.

Improvement of compression characteristic of LSP parameters by cascading sandglass type neuralnetwork [in Japanese], Masaya KIMOTO*, Tadaaki SHIMIZU*, Hiroki YOSHIMURA*, Naoki ISU,
Kazuhiro SUGATA*: Transactions of Information Processing Society of Japan, 46, pp. 845-848, 2005
We proposed a new scheme that derives the characteristics of Japanese five vowels out of LSP
parameters by compressing information in terms of cascaded five-layer-sandglass-type neuralnetwork (CSNN (NL5)). We have verified the ability of CSNN (NL5) by using five vowels
pronounced by a male speaker. The followings were clarified, 1) the distribution of LSP parameterscompressed by CSNN (NL5) is similar to the distribution of F1-F2 formants, 2) CSNN (NL5) canreproduce the LSP parameters from the compressed parameters usable for speech synthesis.

Are Open-domain Question Answering Technologies Useful for Information Access Dialog?, Tuneaki
KATO*, Jun-ichi FUKUMOTO*, Fumito MASUI and Noriko KANDO*: ACM-TALIP, No.3, pp.243-262,
2005

There are strong expectations for the use of question answering technologies in information
access dialogues such as for information gathering and browsing. In this paper, we empiricallyexamine what kinds of abilities are needed for question answering systems in such situations, andpropose a challenge for evaluating those abilities objectively and quantitatively. We also show thatexisting technologies have the potential to address this challenge. From the empirical study, we foundthat questions that have values and names as answers account for a majority in realistic
information-gathering situations and that those sequences of questions contain a wide range ofreference expressions and are sometimes complicated by the inclusion of subdialogues and focus shifts.
The challenge proposed is not only novel as an evaluation of the handling of information accessdialogues, but also includes several valuable ideas such as categorization and characterization of
information access dialogues, and introduces three measures to evaluate various aspects inaddressing list-type questions and reference test sets for evaluating context processing ability inisolation.

Three Systems and One Verifier -- HOKUM's Participation in QAC3 of NTCIR-5, Yasutomo
KIMURA*, Kenji ISHIDA, Hirotaka IMAOKA, Fumito MASUI, Marcin SKOWRON*, Rafal
RZEPKA* and Kenji ARAKI*: 2005
This paper is a report from collective participation in NTCIR-5 Question Answering Challenge

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between researchers from Mie University, Hokkaido University and Otaru University of Commerce.
Although our results were not impressive, we would like to share our experiences with everyone who
think about participating in the challenge but is afraid of his or her lack of experience in the field.
Understanding the problems of QA from the practical side was very instructive and gave us a stronger
base for future trials. We briefly introduce our preparations and participation then conclude withanalysis what can be simply done with freely available tools.

An Overview of NTCIR-5 QAC3, Tsuneaki KATO*, Jun-ichi FUKUMOTO* and Fumito MASUI: In
Proceedings of fifth NTCIR Workshop(QAC3), 2005
This paper provides an overview of NTCIR-5 QAC3 (Question Answering Challenge 3). QAC3
is a series of challenges for evaluating question answering technologies in Japanese. QAC3 follows thesame course as QAC based on the success of the previous two workshops, with its task limited to that
corresponding to QAC2 Subtask 3 aiming at the convergence of research resources for novel subjects.
This task assumes interactive use of QA systems and evaluates, among other things, the abilities
needed under such circumstances, i.e. proper interpretation of questions under a given dialogue
context; in other words, context processing abilities such as anaphora resolution and ellipses handling(hereafter we refer to the task as the IAD task, where IAD stands for Information Access Dialogue,
and to the whole workshop as QAC3). The IAD task in QAC3 is based on QAC2 Subtask 3 withseveral questions and answers and introduction of multi-grade evaluation and the concept of a correct
answer set. In addition, a new WoZ method was devised and applied in the QAC3 test set construction.
QAC3 has as many participants as QAC2 Subtask 3, and new trials and advances in existing methods
were observed from the submission results.

Recognizing Article Errors Using Prepositional Information [in Japanese], Ryo NAGATA, Tatsuya
IGUCHI, Kenta WAKIDERA, Fumito MASUI, Atsuo KAWAI, Naoki ISU: IEICE Transactions on
Information & Systems, PT.1 (Japanese Edition), Vol.J88-D-Ⅰ, No.4, pp.873-881, 2005

A Statistical Model Based on the Three Head Words for Detecting Article Errors, R. Nagata, T.
IGUCHI, F. MASUI, A. KAWAI and N. ISU: IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems,
Vol.E88-D, No. 7, pp.1700-1706, 2005

Mass Count Distinction of English Nouns [in Japanese], Ryo NAGATA, Fumito MASUI, Atsuo
KAWAI, Naoki ISU: Natural Language Processing, Vol.12, No.4, pp.227-243, 2005

An unsupervised method for distinguishing mass and count nouns in context, R. NAGATA, F.
MASUI, A. KAWAI and N. ISU: 6th International Workshop on Computational Semantics IWCS-6,
2005
This paper proposes an unsupervised method for distinguishing mass and count nouns incontext using decision lists. The mass count distinction is particularly important in detecting errors

A－60

concerning the articles and the singular/plural usage in the writing of learners of English. In general,decision lists require manually tagged training data. In this method, however, training data can be
automatically generated from a raw corpus by some rules based on linguistic knowledge. Decision lists
trained on the British National Corpus achieves an accuracy of 79.7%, an improvement of 4.8% overthe baseline.

Detecting article errors based on the mass count distinction, R. NAGATA, T. WAKANA, F. MASUI, A.
KAWAI and N. ISU: Proc.of the 2nd Int. Joint Conf. on Natural Language Processing, pp.815-826,
2005
This paper proposes a method for detecting errors concerning article usage and singular/plural
usage based on the mass/count distinction. Although the mass count distinction is particularly
important in detecting these errors, it has been pointed out that is is hard to make heuristic rules for
distinguishing mass and count nouns. To solve the problem, first, instances of mass and count nouns
are automatically collected from a corpus exploiting surface information in the proposed method. Then,words surrounding the mass(count) instances are weighted based on their frequencies. Finally, theweighted words are used for distinguishing mass and count nouns. After distinguishing mass andcount nouns, the above errors can be detected by some heuristic rules. Experiments show that the
proposed method distinguishes mass and count nouns in the writing of Japanese learners of English
with an accuracy of 93% and that 65% of article errors are detected with a precision of 70%.

Extracting collocations for determining articles in English writing, R. NAGATA, T. IGUCHI, Y.
FURUICHI, F. MASUI, A. KAWAI and N. ISU: Proc. of the Conf. Pacific Association for
Computational Linguistics (PACLING 2005), pp.264-268, 2005
There are a lot of phrases or collocations that are useful for determining proper articles inEnglish writing. For example, it has been reported that the phrase chemistry of almost always takes
the definite article in the domain of organic chemistry. These collocations are especially useful for
people whose mother tongue does not have an article system. This paper proposes a method forextracting such collocations from a corpus. This method extracts collocations based n-gram statistics.
N-gram statistics are computed using KWIC (Key Word In Context) and surrounding contexts.
Experiments show that the proposed method extracts 560 collocations from a half million words ofcorpus data.

Automatic Text Classification of Engilish Newswire Articles Based on Statistical Classification
Techniques, Guowei ZU, Wataru OHYAMA, Tetsushi WAKABAYASHI and Fumitaka KIMURA:
Electrical Engineering in Japan Vol.152, No.1, pp 50-60, 2005
The basic process of automatic text classification is learning a classification scheme fromtraining examples and then using it to classify unseen textual documents. It is essentially the same as
the process of graphic or character pattern recognition. Thus, the pattern recognition approaches canbe used for automatic text categorization. In this research several statistical classification techniquesthat include Euclidean distance, various similarity measures, linear discriminant function, projection
distance, modified projection distance, and SVM, have been used for automatic text classification.

A－61

Principal component analysis was used to reduce the dimensionality of the feature vector.
Comparative experiments have been conducted using the Reuters-21578 test collection of English
newswire articles. The results illustrate that the overall efficiency of modified projection distance isbetter than the other methods and that principal component analysis is suitable for reducing thedimensionality of the text features.

Machine Learning with Transformed features in Automatic Text Classification, Busagala, L.S.P.,
Wataru OHYAMA, Tetsushi WAKABAYASHI, Fumitaka KIMURA: Proceedings of ECML/PKDD-05
workshop on Sub-symbolic Paradigms for Learning in Structured Domains (Relational Machine
Learning), pp. 11-20, 2005
Automatic text classification (ATC) is the task of automatically assigning a set of documents
into appropriate categories (or classes, or topics). One of the feature generation techniques is
extracting absolute word frequency from textual documents to be used as feature vectors in machinelearning techniques. One of the limitations of this technique is the dependency on text length leading
into lower classification rates. Another problem in ATC is thehigh dimensional space. We present a performance evaluation of feature transformation techniques
and regularized linear discriminant function (RLD) in automatic text classification. Moreover weprovide experimental evaluation of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in reducing the highdimensionality. Feature transformation techniques used considerably improved the classification
accuracy, and RLD outperformed all classifiers used. Experimental results showed effective dimension
reduction.

Myocardial Motion Tracking by Adaptive combination of Correlation and Phase Difference of US RF
signals, K. NAGATA, W. OHYAMA, T. WAKABAYASHI, F. KIMURA, S. TSURUOKA and K.
SEKIOKA*: The 12th International Conference on BioMedical Engineering, sessionID: 3B2-08, 2005
In this paper, we propose a novel method for noninvasive extraction of 2-dimensional regionalmotion of left ventricular myocardium by means of the adaptive combination of correlation andinstantaneous phase difference of ultrasonic RF signals. The proposed method is motivated by the
successfully achievement on the myocardial motion tracking by means of both ultrasonic Doppler andRF signals which are backscattered from myocardium. The proposed method moreover employs anadaptive combination of these methods. At first, the method extracts the velocity on each sampling
point by instantaneous phase difference of the digitized ultrasonic signals. Next, the velocities on eachsampling point are evaluated for the accuracy by the correlation of amplitude of ultrasonic RF signals.
Finally, the velocities are corrected by the amount associated with the value of accuracy andaccumulated into the position of tracking points for error reduction. Experimental results show the
proposed method is suitable for the evaluation of regional myocardial performance.

Estimation of Respiratory Rate Using Long Term ECG Recording, T. USAMI, W. OHYAMA, T.
WAKABAYASHI, F. KIMURA, S. TSURUOKA and K. SEKIOKA*: The 12th International
Conference on BioMedical Engineering, sessionID: 2B1-09, 2005

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In this paper, we propose a new method for extracting respiratory signals from long-term
echocardiogram (ECG) recording. The proposed method employs some filtering techniques onfrequency domain followed by the estimation of instantaneous frequency by Hilbert transform toestimate respiratory frequency. The evaluation examination, which compares the respiratory
frequency estimated from ECG and the one derived from the respiratory signal measured withoronasal thermistor, shows that the proposed method has potentiality for detection and diagnosis ofrespiratory disorders. From this result, we conclude that temporal frequency estimation of respiration
gives more detailed information on respiratory state than power spectrum of R-R interval.

Oriya handwritten Numeral Recognition System, K. ROY*, T. PAL*, U. PAL* and F. KIMURA: Proc.
8th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Vol.2, pp. 770-774, 2005
This paper deals with recognition of off-line unconstrained Oriya handwritten numerals. To
take care of variability involved in the writing style of different individuals, the features are mainly
considered from the contour of the numerals. At first, the bounding box of a numeral is segmented into
few blocks and chain code histogram is computed in each of the blocks. Features are mainly based on
the direction chain code histogram of these blocks. Neural Network (NN) classifier and Quadratic
classifier are used separately for recognition and the results obtained from these two classifiers arecompared. We tested the result on 3850 data collected from different individuals of various
background and we obtained about 94.81% recognition accuracy from Quadratic classifier with arejection rate of about 1.31%.

Two-stage Recognition of Handwritten Bangla Alphanumeric Characters using Neural Classifiers, U.
BHATTACHARYA*, S. K. PARUI*, M. SHRIDHAR* and F. KIMURA: Proc. 2nd Indian International
Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IICAI-05) pp. 1357-1376, 2005
No significant research work towards recognition of handwritten Bangla characters has yet
been done. Only a few works in this area are found in the literature which are based on small
databases collected in laboratory environments. Recently, a large and representative database of
Bangla character images has been developed. The first part of this article is devoted to shape analysis
of samaples of this database vis-a-vis shapes of the respective printed characters. The next partdescribes a to-stage scheme for recognition of handwritten Bangla alphanumeric characters. This is a
57 class problem (shapes of 3 numerals are not distinguishable from shapes of 3 basic charactersamong 10 numerals and 50 basec characters). In the first stage of this recognition scheme, an input
character is identified in one of 11 smaller groups of characters. In the second stage, classification is
performed within the particular smaller group as determined by the first stage. In both the stages ofthe proposed approach, local chain code histograms of character skeleton are used as the feature
vector and multilayer perceptron (MLP) as the classifier. Recognition accuracies obtained by the
proposed approach on the training and test sets of the present handwritten Bangla alphanumericcharacter database are respectively 91.45% and 84.65%.

English Multi-oriented Character Recognition, K. ROY*, U. PAL* and F. KIMURA*: Proc. ThirteenthInternational Conference on Advanced Computing and Communications- ADCOM, 2005

A－63

There are many printed artistic documents where text lines of a single page may havedifferent orientations or they may be curved in shape. For the OCR of such documents we have to
extract individual text lines from the documents. Extraction of individual text lines frommulti-oriented and/or curved text document is a difficult problem. In this paper, we propose abottom-up approach to extract individual text lines from English artistic document pages and themethod is based on the foreground and background information of the characters of the text lines.
Here at first, individual components are detected and grouped into candidate clusters using thepositions of the center of gravity (CG) of the components and the background information obtained
from the components using water reservoir concept. From each candidate cluster we find somecandidate points based on the water flow level of the reservoirs obtained from the components of thecluster. Finally, based on these candidate points, individual clusters are grouped to extract different
text lines from a document.

A system for Bangla Handwritten Numeral Recognition based of Directional Feature, K. ROY*, T.
PAL*, U. PAL* and F. KIMURA: Proc. Int. Conf. on Cognition and Recognition, pp.497-505, 2005
In this paper a lexicon driven segmentation-recognition scheme for unconstrained Bangla
handwritten word recognition is proposed for Indian postal automation. In the proposed method, at
first, binarization of the input document is done and slant correction of the individual words is
performed. Next, using water reservoir concept words are pre-segmented into possible primitive
components (characters or its parts). In order to merge these primitive components into charactersand to find optimum character segmentation, dynamic programming (DP) is applied using total
likelihood of characters as the objective function. To compute the likelihood of a character, modified
quadratic discriminant function (MQDF) is used for the purpose. The features used in the MQDF aremainly based on the directional features of the contour points of the components. We tested oursystem on Bangla city name images and at present an overall accuracy of 87.21% is obtained from the
proposed system.

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Department of Physics Engineering*nonmember
4D Equivalence Theorem and Gauge Symmetry on an Orbifold, Yoshikazu Abe, Naoyuki Haba, Katsuhiro Hayakawa,
Yasunori Matsumoto, Mamoru Matsunaga and Kenta Miyachi1: Prog Theor. Phys., 113, pp.199-213, 2005.
We investigate high-energy behavior of the scattering amplitudes in extra dimensional gauge theory where thegauge symmetry is broken by the boundary conditions. We study, in particular, the 5D SU(5) grand unified theory
whose 5th-dimensional coordinate is compactified on S1/Z2. We pay attention to the gauge symmetry compatible withthe boundary conditions on an orbifold and present the BRST formalism of the 4D theory that is obtained throughintegration of the 5D theory along the extra dimension. We derive the 4D equivalence theorem on the basis of theSlavnov-Taylor identities. We also calculate the amplitudes of the process including four massive gauge bosons in theexternal lines and compare them with those for the connected reactions in which the gauge fields are replaced by thecorresponding would-be Nambu-Goldstone (NG) fields. We explicitly confirm that the equivalence theorem holds.

Influences of Homeotropic Anchoring Walls upon Nematic and Smectic Orderings, Masashi Torikai
and Mamoru Yamashita: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 74, pp. 955-959, 2005
McMillan liquid crystal model sandwiched between strong homeotropic anchoring walls is
studied. Phase transitions between isotropic, nematic, and smectic A phases are investigated for wide
ranges of an interaction parameter and of the system thickness. It is confirmed that the anchoring
walls induce an increase in transition temperatures, dissappearance of phase transitions, and an
appearance of non-spontaneous nematic phase. The similarity between influence of anchoring walls
and that of external fields is discussed.

Change of Order of Nematic Phase Transition in Uniaxially Anchored Systems, Muniriding Yasen,
Masashi Torikai and Mamoru Yamashita: Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 438, pp. 77-90, 2005
Nematic phase transition with both uniaxial and biaxial order parameters is studied in the twokinds of external fields which are conjugate to the order parameters, respectively. A global phase
diagram on the fields versus temperature space is obtained in the mean field theory, which is similar
topologically to the phase diagram of the three-state Potts model in three dimension. From thisphase diagram, the phase diagram of the system in the uniaxial filed is derived, and the result is
applied to the phase transition of the thin system anchored uniaxially, i.e., by the homeotropic andplaner walls.

Similarity and dissimilarity between Influences of Anchoring Walls and External Fields on Nematicand Smectic A Phases, Masashi Torikai and Mamoru Yamashita: Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 441, pp.
59-67, 2005
The McMillan liquid crystalline models under the influence of homeotropic anchoring walls andA－65

of external fields are investigated. For thin systems, the existence of the critical thickness, below
which the system does not undergo a discrete phase transition, is confirmed. Apparent differences
between the influence of the anchoring walls and of external fields are elucidated by investigating theorder parameters and a temperature vs external field phase diagram for the bulk systems.

Biaxial Field and Crossover between Homeotropic and Homogeneous Structures in the System
Anchored by Biaxial Walls, Masaki Ito, Masashi Torikai and Mamoru Yamashita: Mol. Cryst. Liq.
Cryst., 441, pp. 69-85, 2005
Landau free energy with both of uniaxial and biaxial order parameters is derived in theframework of Maier-Saupe model, based on which a phase diagram in two types of external fields isobtained. The free energy is generalised to be applied to the thin system sandwiched by parallelboundary walls of biaxial anchoring, and nematic ordering occurring therein is studied, where thebiaxiality is introduced by the fixed orientation of molecules on the boundary walls. The first orderphase transition becomes critical behaviour at a critical thickness, and the system thinner than thishas no transition as the case of homeotropic structure, and biaxiality dependence of the critical
thickness is evaluated. A crossover between homeotropic and homogeneous structures is shown tooccur at a certain biaxial condition, where the first order transition changes to the second order one as
the thickness decreases.

MD Simulation of Bent Gay-Berne Molecule Systems; Molecular Shape and Flexibility, Toshikuni
Miyazaki* and Mamoru Yamashita: Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 441, pp. 329-338, 2005
Molecular dynamics simulation is carried out at the system of bent molecules to study theeffects of a molecular bend and flexibility to the liquid crystalline ordering. The molecule is a dimerof two types of Gay-Berne particles connected by a harmonic spring at each ends and makes a given
angle in the energy minimum at an isolated state. A decrease of clearing temperature with anincrease of the bend angle is depicted. By changing a strength of the spring constant, an influenceof flexibility to the ordering is studied, where the clearing temperature shows a sigmoidal curve for thespring constant and the nematic ordering is hardly observed in the soft limit. To see the anothereffect of molecular shape to the ordering, two types of different combinations of length of theconstituent Gay-Berne particles are introduced and ordering behaviours are tested.

Superconductivity in the CuO Double Chain of Pr2Ba4Cu7O15-δ on the basis of Tomonaga-Luttinger Liquid Theory,
Kazuhiro SANO, Yosiaki ONO*, Yuh YAMADA*: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 74, pp. 2885-2888
Recently, Matsukawa et al. discovered a new superconductor, Pr2Ba4Cu7O15-δ, in which metallic
CuO double chains are responsible for the superconductivity. To investigate its superconductivity, we
employ the d- p double chain model where the tight-binding parameters are determined so as to fit aband structure in the local density approximation (LDA). On the basis of the Tomonaga-Luttinger
liquid theory, we obtain a phase diagram that includes the superconducting phase in the weakcoupling limit. We also calculate the Luttinger liquid parameter Kρ as a function of the electron

A－66

density n using the Hartree-Fock approximation. With increasing n from quarter filling, Kρ increases
and then exceeds 1/2 when the superconducting correlation becomes most dominant. Kρ has amaximum at an optimal density between quarter- and half-filling. These results are consistent withthe experimental observation.

An empirical potential approach to structural stability of GaNxAs1-x thin films on GaAs(111), Tomonori ITO, Takashi
SUDA, Toru AKIYAMA, Kohji NAKAMURA : Applied Surface Science 244, pp. 170-173, 2005.
Structural stability of GaNxAs1-x thin films coherently grown on GaAs(111) is systematically investigated basedon an empirical potential, which incorporates electrostatic energies due to bond charges and ionic charges. Using theempirical potential, the system energies of zinc blende (ZB) and wurtzite (W) structured GaNxAs1-x thin films arecalculated over the entire concentration range. The calculations for interface structures between ZB- or W-GaNxAs1-x
thin films and GaAs(111) substrate reveal that ZB-type stacking sequence is more favorable than W-type stacking
sequence at the interface. Consequently, ZB-GaNxAs1-x thin films can be fabricated in the concentration range of x<0.5
on the GaAs(111), whereas W-GaNxAs1-x thin films are formed with ZB-type stacking interface in the concentration
range of x≥0.5.

An ab initio-based approach to Ga adatom migration on GaAs(n11)A-(001) non-planar surfaces, Tomonori ITO,
Koichi ASANO, Toru AKIYAMA, Kohji NAKAMURA, Kenji SHIRAISHI*, Akihito TAGUCHI* : Applied Surface
Science 244, pp. 178-181, 2005.
The behavior of Ga adatoms on GaAs(n11)A (n=2, 3, 4), (001)-(2x4)b2 and non-planar surfaces consisting ofthe (211)A and (001) are systematically investigated by ab initio–based approach and the Monte Carlo (MC) method.
The ab initio total energy calculations clarify strong dependence of Ga adsorption energies on the surface index, where
adsorption energies of Ga on the (211)A and (311)A are larger by 1.0~1.4 eV than those on (001) and (411)A.
Furthermore, the MC simulations reveal that diffusion coefficient of Ga adatoms across the (001) surface is larger thanthat on the (211)A surface. This is because Ga migration potential energies on the (001) surface are smaller than thoseon the (211)A surface. Reflecting these results, Ga adatoms on the (211)A-(001) non-planar surface migrate on the(211)A side surface beyond ~1100 K, whereas Ga adatoms mainly diffuse across the (001) surface below ~1100 K.

An empirical potential approach to dislocation formation and structural stability in GaNxAs1-x, Keiichi KAWAMOTO,
Takashi SUDA, Toru AKIYAMA, Kohji NAKAMURA, Tomonori ITO : Applied Surface Science 244, pp. 182-185,
2005.
We study the feasibility of our empirical potential to dislocation formation and its contribution to the structural
stability in GaNxAs1-x. The feasibility of our empirical potential to dislocation formation is exemplified by thecalculation of dislocation core energy and core radius for various dislocation core structures in wurtzite structured GaN
such as those described by eight coordinated channels, four coordinated channels and five- and seven-coordinatedchannels (5/7 core). The calculated results imply that the most stable core structure in the GaN is the 5/7 core structure.
Moreover, GaNxAs1-x changed its structure from zinc blend to wurtzite at the concentration of xc=0.3 with dislocationand xc=0.4 without dislocation. This is because 5/7 dislocation core favors the wurtzite structured GaNxAs1-x with lower
core energy than that in zinc blend structured GaNxAs1-x.

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Theoretical investigation of phase transition on GaAs(001)-c(4×4) surface, Hirotoshi ISHIZAKI, Toru AKIYAMA,
Kohji NAKAMURA, Kenji SHIRAISHI*, Akihito TAGUCHI*, Tomonori ITO : Applied Surface Science 244, pp.
186-189, 2005.
Surface phase transition between GaAs(001)-c(4×4) and -(2×4)b2 surfaces is systematically investigated byusing our ab initio-based approach. The phase diagram of the c(4×4) surfaces is clarified as functions of temperature
and As pressure, when the c(4×4) periodicity is kept. The phase diagram calculations reveal that three kinds of c(4×4)
surfaces consisting of Ga-As dimers and/or Ga-Ga dimers become stable near the phase transition temperature. Basedon this finding, the electron counting Monte Carlo simulation and ab initio pseudopotential calculations are performed
to investigate the structural change of the c(4×4) surface after predepositing a 0.5 monolayer of Ga on the three kindsof c(4×4) surfaces found near the phase transition temperature. The calculated results suggest that the c(4×4) surfaces
possibly change their structures to (2×4)b2 structures with Ga-As surface dimers.

Magnetic domain wall structures in free-standing Fe(110) monolayers, Yoshifumi TAKEDA, Kohji NAKAMURA,
Toru AKIYAMA, Tomonori ITO : Applied Surface Science 244, pp. 485-488, 2005.
We performed first principles calculations for magnetic domain wall structures in free-standing Fe monolayerswith lattice constants matching with those of bcc Fe(110) and W(110) substrates by using the FLAPW method thatincorporates intra-atomic noncollinear magnetism. The self-consistent calculations predict atomically narrow domain
walls with widths of about 8 and 14 Å for the monolayers with the lattice constants of the Fe and W, respectively. These
results are qualitatively consistent with and support domain walls having a 6 Å width in the Fe monolayers on aW(110) substrate recently observed in spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy experiments.

Role of exchange interaction and spin-orbit coupling in magnetic domain walls in bulk and thin film Fe. Kohji
NAKAMURA, Tomonori ITO, A. J. Freeman* : Journal of Applied Physics 97, pp. 10A315-1-10A315-3, 2005.
We investigate magnetic domain wall structures in bulk Fe and a thin film Fe(110) monolayer with the firstprinciples full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method including intra-atomic noncollinear magnetism. In
the bulk case, the exchange interaction favors the slower variation of the magnetization and the wall width isdetermined by a competition between the exchange interaction and the magnetic anisotropy arising from the spin-orbit
coupling (SOC)-as expected from phenomenological theory. In the thin film, however, the magnetization in the domain
wall changes rapidly within a width of 8 Å. This narrow domain wall arises from the exchange interaction while the
SOC favors the ferromagnetic state. Importantly, we find that the SOC effects give rise to not only the magnetic
anisotropy but also to a breaking of the degeneracy of the Bloch and Néel walls, which plays a minor role in the bulk
but a major role in the thin film.

Microscopic theory of oxygen reaction mechanism at SiO2/Si(100) interface, Toru AKIYAMA, Hiroyuki
KAGESHIMA*, Tomonori ITO : Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors,
pp. 393-394, 2005.
Microscopic mechanisms of reaction of oxygen at SiO2/Si(100) interface are studied based on first-principles
calculations. It is found that in the SiO2 region of the interface the most stable configuration of reaction species isA－68

molecular-type oxygen which does not form any bonds with SiO2-network forming atoms, while the O2 in the Si
substrate dissociates and forms two Si-O-Si bonds. The calculated energies indicate that the incorporation of O2
molecules into the Si substrate dominates the interfacial reaction of the oxidant. The cooperative reaction of each O
atom of the O2 with each Si atoms at the interface leads to the low energy barrier compared with that of the O atom.

First-principles study of excess Si-atom stability around Si-oxide/Si interfaces, Hiroyuki KAGESHIMA*, Masashi
UEMATSU*, Kazuto AKAGI*, Shinji TSUNEYUKI*, Toru AKIYAMA, Kenji SHIRAISHI : Proceedings of the 27th
International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors, pp. 389-390, 2005.
The stability of excess Si around the Si-oxide/Si interfaces is studied using the first-principles calculation. The
excess Si is suggested to flow into the oxide from the substrate. The excess Si flowing into the oxide becomes SiO
interstitials with the O-vacancy-like structure, which can be one of the sources of the E’-centers or the charge traps in
the oxide. This Si flow is expected to be rather easier because SiO interstitials can be created via a simple rebonding
procedure in the oxide.

Half-metallic ferrimagnetism in zinc blende Mn-doped transition metal chalcogenides, Kohji NAKAMURA,
Tomonori ITO, A. J. Freeman* : Physical Review B 72, pp. 064449-1-064449-6, 2005
First principles full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) calculations and Monte Carlosimulations were performed to determine the magnetic structure in Mn-doped transition metal chalcogenides,
Cr1-xMnxSe and Cr1-xMnxTe, with the zinc blende structure. A ferrimagnetic structure with excellent half-metallicity
appears in the Mn 0.25 composition, where the Mn moments tend to align in an opposite orientation to the Cr moments
so as to retain the half-metallicity, and the half-metallic gap is enhanced. Here, the Cr0.75Mn0.25Se alloy is is predicted asa promising candidate as a high Curie temperature half-metallic ferrimagnet, with the tendency toward an atomicordering of Cr and Mn atoms, that may be feasible in epitaxial growth that is thick enough for spintronic applications.
Theoretical investigation of oxygen diffusion in compressively strained high-density a-quartz, Toru AKIYAMA,
Hiroyuki KAGESHIMA*, Masashi UEMATSU*, Tomonori ITO : Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 44, pp.
7427-7429, 2005.
The microscopic mechanisms of oxygen diffusion in compressively strained high-density a-quartz are
investigated on the basis of first-principles total-energy calculations. It is found that both the incorporation energy ofoxygen into SiO2 and the energy barrier for its diffusion are dependent on the density of SiO2. The activation energies
show that molecular-type oxygen is the dominant diffusion species over the entire density range. Furthermore, theactivation volumes estimated from the results of the present first-principles calculations imply that the retardation ofoxygen diffusion in the high-density region.
An ab initio-based approach to phase diagram calculations for GaAs(001) surfaces, Tomonori ITO, Hirotoshi
ISHIZAKI, Toru AKIYAMA, Kohji NAKAMURA, Kenji SHIRAISHI*, Akihito TAGUCHI* : e-Journal of Surface
Science and Nanotechnology 3, pp. 488-491, 2005.
Surface phase diagram of GaAs(001) is systematically investigated by using our ab initio-based approach. The
phase diagrams of the c(4×4) and (2×4) surfaces are clarified as functions of temperature and As pressure. The
calculated results reveal that c(4×4)b and (2×4)g surfaces are strongly affected by As-molecular species such as As2
and As4. The c(4×4)b surface consisting of As dimers disappear under As4 because of small desorption energy of As
dimers. The (2×4)g surface appears only at high As pressure and low temperatures buried in the stable region of c(4×4)b under As4. These results are compared with experimental results to check the versatility of our approach to theA－69

surface phase diagram calculations.
Theoretical investigation of indium surface segregation in InGaN thin films, Shingo INAHAMA, Toru AKIYAMA,
Kohji NAKAMURA, Tomonori ITO : e-Journal of Surface Science and Nanotechnology 3, pp. 503-506, 2005.
Surface segregation of In atoms in InGaN thin films on GaN(0001) substrate is investigated by using Monte
Carlo simulations based on an empirical potential, which incorporates electrostatic energy due to bond charges andionic charges. The calculated In composition of the surface monolayer (ML) xs in In0.1Ga0.9N thin films ranging from 1
to 31 ML predicts that In atoms segregate at the topmost layer even in the film thickness t being larger than 3ML. The
xs at the topmost layer saturates when t reaches ~15 ML, in which xs is much larger (xs ~0.7) than the normal alloy
composition (x~0.1). Furthermore, analysis of xs with respect to the bulk composition x up to 0.2 reveals that thepropensity of In atoms for being segregated at the surface corresponds to the bond energy difference between InN and
GaN. These calculated results imply that not only the release of elastic strains due to lattice mismatch between InN and
GaN but also the presence of Ga-N bonds over In-N bonds in the bulk region contributes the segregation of In atoms at
the surface in InGaN thin films.
Theoretical investigation of the structural stability of zinc blende GaN thin films, Tatsuya ARAKI, Toru AKIYAMA,
Kohji NAKAMURA, Tomonori ITO : e-Journal of Surface Science and Nanotechnology 3, pp. 507-510, 2005.
The structural stability of zinc blende (ZB) structured GaN thin films on ZB-GaN(001) and ZB-SiC(001)substrates is systematically investigated based on an empirical potential, which incorporates electrostatic energy due tocovalen bond charges and ionic charges. The calculated energy difference between pure ZB-GaN and mixed structureof wurtzite (W) and ZB-GaN (ZB-W-GaN) on ZB-GaN(001) implies that ZB-GaN is stabilized up to the film
thickness of 554 ML. Furthermore, similar calculations incorporating misfit dislocations (MDs) on ZB-SiC(001) showthat ZB-GaN pseudomorphically grown on ZB-SiC(001) initially changes its structure to ZB-GaN with MD at 28 ML
in good accordance with cirtical thickness of misfit dislocation generation of 32 ML estimated by People-Bean formula.
The ZB-GaN with MD is successively transformed into ZB-GaN with MDs at 294 ML and finally ZB-W-GaN at 865
ML. These results suggest that MD generation crucially affects the stability of ZB-GaN.
Reaction mechanisms of oxygen at SiO2/Si(100) interface, Toru AKIYAMA, Hiroyuki KAGESHIMA* : Surface
Science 576, pp. 65-70, 2005.
First-principles total-energy calculations are performed to clarify the reaction mechanisms of O atoms and O2
molecules at SiO2/Si(100) interface. The calculated energies reveal that the incorporation of O2 molecules into thesubstrate dominates the interfacial reaction of the oxidant. The low energy barrier for O2 incorporation (0.2 eV)corresponds to the hybridization of oxygen-2p orbitals of O2 and the valence band states of the Si substrate, while thatfor O atom incorporation corresponds to the O-O bond dissociation and the formation of Si-O-Si bonds. The
cooperative reaction of each O atom in the O2 molecule with each Si atom at the interface leads to the low energy
barrier.
Fabrication of Compensation System for 2nd Order Chromatic-Dispersion Distortion in Lightwave CATVTransmission Systems, Takashi TAKEO, Tomohiko TANIE*: The Transactions of The IEICE, Vol.J88-C, 574-575,
2005
Compensation system for 2nd order chromatic-dispersion in lightwave CATV transmission systems has been
proposed. The system utilizes a push-pull transmission scheme and consists of two identical optical transmission lines.
Two RF signals whose phases are inverted each other through a push-pull transformer are input into two laser diodes,
and after an optical transmission through optical fibers these signals are combined again through another push-pulltransformer to obtain the undistorted signals. Improvements of about 15dB in the 2nd order distortion were obtainedA－70

with the present system.

Synchronous Averaging for Asynchronouse Sampling Data, Yuichi Noro and Kazuhiro Kuno: T.IEE Japan, 125-C, 12,
pp. 955-959, 2005.
The progress of digital audio technology enabled the familiar use of the products such as CD and DAT in the
acoustic measurement. For example, a signal reproduced with CD player is inputted into a subject of measurement and
DAT recorder records its response. However, the sampling cannot be synchronized completely with the input signal
although both nominal sample rates are set up equally, because player and recorder work independently. It is the mostpopular software solution to perform the synchronous addition after converting the recorded signal into the original
sampling rate. However, the rate conversion also has the error due to the windowing in the high frequency region ofprocessed signal. This paper proposes a new method for averaging asynchronous sampling data to solve these
problems.

Damping Parameter and Wall Velocity of RE-TM Films, Tadashi KOBAYASHI, Hideaki HAYASHI, Yuji
FUJIWARA, Shigeru SHIOMI: IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, pp.2848-2850, 2005.
The temperature dependence of the Gilbert damping parameter and domain wall velocity of ferrimagnetic rareearth-3d transition metal alloy (RE-TM) films are discussed. The Gilbert damping parameter is assumed to be inversely
proportional to the net angular momentum of the RE-TM. Under this assumption, wall velocity is simulated. In the caseof wall motion utilizing the temperature gradient of wall energy, the wall velocity reaches a maximum in the vicinity of
the angular momentum compensation temperature of the RE-TM.

Exchange-Coupling in Magneto-optical Recording, Tadashi KOBAYASHI, Yuji FUJIWARA, Shigeru SHIOMI: J.
Magn. Soc. Jpn., 29, pp.1027-1034, 2005.
Exchange-coupling in magneto-optical recording is reviewed. Exchange-coupling has been widely used for
improving the S/N ratio of the readout signal, overwriting by light intensity modulation or readout of tiny marks, andother purposes. Although the strength of the exchange-coupling is characterized using the interface wall energy s w or
the exchange-coupling energy J, s w and J should be distinguished. A relatively large value of s w can be easily
obtained, using a conventional sputtering apparatus. Exchange-coupling in rare earth-3d transition metal films andmethods of controlling it are summarized. The value of s w can be reduced by inserting an intermediate layer. Controlof the temperature dependence of s w is somewhat difficult. In the case of switching of the exchange-coupling, thethickness as well as Curie temperature of the switching layer is an important parameter.
High-Pressure Viscosity Measurements of Traction Oils up to 2 GPa at up to 200 ℃ [in Japanese],
Yuichi NAKAMURA, Kazuyuki SANDA* and Hideki MATSUBO*: Journal of Japan Society of
Tribologists, 50-4 pp. 354-359, 2005
High-pressure viscosity was measured for synthetic traction oils including a CVT oil up to 2
GPa at elevated temperature up to 200 ℃ employing a falling sphere method in a diamond-anvilpressure cell (DAC) with appropriate heating system. The obtained results almost showed thelinearity between logarithmic viscosity and pressure at all temperature (40℃～200℃) with some data

A－71

scattering. The accuracy of this high pressure viscometry was confirmed with the existing data at low
pressure. Viscosity-pressure coefficient α decreased to 1/3～1/4 at 200℃ of that at 40℃. Simple
experimental expression of temperature depending α was suggested referring to Eyring viscosity
formula. Pressure temperature phase diagrams of liquid-solid transition were plotted from theobtained high pressure viscosity, which predict traction feature.

Micro-Rheometry of Pressurized Lubricants and Micro-Nanorheology, Yuichi NAKAMURA, Yasushi
KUROSAKI: Microsystem Technologies, Special Issue: JSME-IIP/ASME-ISPS Joint Conference 2003
Yokohama, 11, pp. 1127-1131, 2005
In the present study, micro-rheometry of pressurized lubricants employing a diamond-anvilpressure cell and a laser confocal displacement sensor of 0.4μm resolution was shown. High pressure
viscosity was obtained up to 2 GPa at 200 ℃ for traction oils and PFPE oils. Viscosity-pressure
coefficient α at room temperature was almost twice larger than that at 100 ℃. αfor hard disk oil,
Zdol2000, was 13 /GPa at 24 ℃ ～ 5 /GPa at 150 ℃ and was similar to that of paraffinic mineral oil.
The feature of the obtained high pressure volume was different for each oil up to 6 GPa. Zdol2000 was
the most compressible of all the sample lubricants and its high pressure refractive index increased
about 10 % at 4.8 GPa. Zdol2000 remained transparent up to 4.8 GPa under isothermal loading. Someconsiderations for lubricant's micro-nanorheology were also mentioned with high pressure lubricant's
rheology.

Evaluation of Quasi-Static Density and Elastic Modulus for Pressurized Lubricant Oils up to 5 GPa
Considering Volume Viscoelasticity, Yuichi NAKAMURA, Yasushi KUROSAKI and Nobuyoshi
OHNO*: Book of Synopses International Tribology Conference Kobe 2005, pp. 171, 2005
Quasi-static pressure-dependence equations of density and elastic modulus for lubricant oils
were derived up to 5 GPa based on the experimental data from both quasi-static pressure vessel
apparatus up to 1.2 GPa and dynamic sound velocity data by Brillouin light scattering measurements
up to 5 GPa. Dynamic data were analyzed by applying a viscoelastic model for volume change andquasi-static data were obtained. Examined lubricant oils were 3 naphthenic oils such as traction oils,
5P4E (five-ring polyphenyl ether) and DOS (dioctylsebacate). Lubricant oils whose solidified pressure
is lower than 1 GPa were resulted to show almost the same pressure-dependence characteristics ofdensity and bulk modulus over solidified pressure. Temperature-dependence of these equations foundout to be small up to 155 ℃.

Plastic Deformations of Micro-spheres by Solidified Lubricants and Lubricants' Shear Stress under
Very High Pressure, Yuichi NAKAMURA, Masanori SHIMAOKA, Yutaka ISHIBASHI* andMasahito MATSUI: Proceedings of WTC2005 World Triborogy congress III, CD, 63099, 2005
In order to grasp the possibility of evaluating shear properties for solidified lubricants underhigh pressure, plastic deformations of metal micro-spheres (about 0.07mm) in solidified lubricants
were evaluated by employing a diamond- anvil pressure cell (DAC). Large deformations (2-5 times
larger than the original sphere dimensions) were observed for CVT oil and ester oil up to 6 GPa at

A－72

23-25℃. Deformation starting pressure agreed with the solidified pressure. These deformations werecaused by the non-hydrostatic pressure in the solidified lubricants. Shear stresses of the solidified
lubricants were tentatively and roughly estimated from the plastic deformations of the spheres basedon some assumptions. They almost agreed with the mean shear stress (traction force / hertziancontact area) from traction test.

High-Pressure Viscometry and Dilatometry for Lubricant Oils in a Diamond Anvil Cell Up to 6 GPa,
Yuichi NAKAMURA, Kazuyuki SANDA* and Hideki MATSUBO*: Proceedings of WTC2005 World
Triborogy congress III, CD, 63100, 2005
To measure the properties of lubricant under high pressure, a diamond­anvil pressure cell was
employed. With a falling sphere viscometry, viscosities were measured up to 2 GPa at up to 200 ℃ for
traction oils. The results showed linearity between logarithmic viscosity and pressure at any
temperatures. At 200℃, lubricant viscosity-pressure coefficient fell to between 1/4 and 1/3rd of thevalue at 40℃. A simple expression for the dependence of high pressure viscosity on temperature has
been suggested. Pressure temperature phase diagram of liquid-solid transition was plotted from theobtained viscosity. The change in volume due to solidification was estimated up to 6 GPa.

A－73

Abstracts of Books and Reviews (2005)
Department of Mechanical Engineering*nonmember
Jets, Wakes and Separated Flows (ISMN4-944068-75-1, 820p), Edited by Toshihiko SHAKOUCHI, Franz DURST*
and Kuniaki TOYODA*, Mie Univ. Press, 2005.

Report of “Society for the Study on Fundamentals and Advanced Applications of Jet Flow”, JSME-FED, P-SCD339,
453p, Edited by Toshihiko SHAKOUCHI and Koichi TSUJIMOTO, 2005

A－74

Department of Chemistry for Materials* nonmember

Preparation of Poly(diazo) Compounds as Precursors of Organo-Magnetic Materials by Utilizing Diazo
Compound as Building Blocks, Tetsuji ITOH, Katsuyuki HIRAI, Hideo TOMIOKA: Yuki Gosei
Kagaku Kyokaishi 63 (3), pp. 232-241, 2005

Material for Batteries, Yasuo TAKEDA: Funtai oyobi Funmatsu Yakin, 52 (8), 588, 2005

Fluorometry with FRET [in Japanese], Tetsuro YOSHIMURA, Kanta Tsumoto: New perspectives on
Liposome Applications toward Developments of Artificial Cells (Kazunari AKIYOSHI, Kaoru TSUJII,
Eds.), NTS Inc., pp.84-89, 2005

Control of Dispersion Stabilities of Suspensions by Addition of Polymers [in Japanese], Masami KAWAGUCHI: J. Jpn.
Soc. Colour Material, 78 (6), pp. 276-282, 2005

Handbook of Up-to-Date Dispersions of Pigments [in Japanese], Masami KAWAGUCHI: Control and Estimation of
Dispersion Stabilities of Pigments by Addition of Polymers, Technical Information Assoc. (Tokyo), Section 3 in
Chapter 3, pp. 142-150, 2005

Dictionary of Polymers (Third Edition) [in Japanese], Masami KAWAGUCHI, Asakura Shoten, 2005

Titanophosphate Glasses as Ecologically Sustainable Optical Glasses, Tadanori HASHIMOTO, Hiroyuki NASU,
Kanichi KAMIYA: Recent Research Developments in Non-Crystalline Solids, 5, pp. 31-50, 2005

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Department of Architecture*nonmember

Consensus Building in a Road Planning Process of the Citizen Participating Road Planning
Project of Akame-taki Prefectural Road [in Japanese], Masuro URAYAMA:, Journal of Real
Estate of JAPAN, No.2 Vol.19, pp.68-73, 2005.11
This paper reports a consensus building process of the Citizen Participating Road
Planning Project of Akame-taki prefectural road, Nabari city in Mie Prefecture. The project
tackled for local residents, advertised citizens and some members of the Akame District
Promotion Conference to participate and work on road planning at a design work-shop (WS). The
participants of WS were possible to propose multiple routes, however, had a difficulty to select thelast on a stage of the planning process. This was due to difference of opinion that someparticipants felt to avoid house relocation, another thought important to contribute the road tocommunity revitalization. Therefore, they hesitated to agree the final. By an effort to adjust
participants’ interests, they reached agreement. The lesson from this case is to clarify theinterests of participants, and to provide with proper information that participants can evaluate
validity of proposal routes.

Influence of Windmills Arrangement on Visual Evaluation [in English], Masuro URAYAMA andShinjiro SAKAMOTO:, Papers on EXPO World Conference on Wind Energy, Renewable Energy,
Fuel Cell & Exhibition 2005, CD-ROM, No.1056, 2005.9
Some wind farms have been constructed in Japan in these years. Visual impacts of windfarms on landscape cannot be disregarded, because they have dozens of huge windmills. There
are two ways to moderate the visual impacts of wind farms on landscape, first is to set windmills
in invisible area from important viewpoints, second is to operate windmills arrangement tomoderate their impacts. This study was tackled from the latter viewpoint. This paper reports
visual influences of windmills arrangement on landscape. Firstly, some computer graphic
pictures were prepared, that have windmills on the various position of forms, the distances fromviewpoint and the width of them. Next, 48 students evaluated these pictures with 10 adjective
words in Semantic Deferential method. Measure findings were as follows: (1) The visual factorsof seeing windmills are feeling of oppression, balance and density; (2) these three factors of visualevaluation have the relation to the windmills arrangement; (3) This finding shows the possibility
to moderate the visual impacts of windmills by operating their arrangement.

Landscape Law and Landscape Machizukuri, Satoshi ASANO, Yoshio BANDO and Kazutoshi
NAKATA, “The Roles and Prospects of the Prefectures’Landscape Administrative Measures”,“Machizukuri to Realize the Urban Masterplan”[in Japanese], Architectural Institute of Japan
Edition, Gakugei Published Ltd., pp.38-41, pp.120-123, 2005

Fundamentals of Concrete Technology [in Japanese], Shigemitsu HATANAKA, Japan Concrete
Institute, 439p., Chap.2 Properties of Concrete (pp.49-72), Chap.8 Design of Concrete StructuresA－76(pp.255-288), Appendix Exercise Problems (pp.399-439), 2005.9

Handbook for Self -defense Group of Disaster Prevention [in Japanese], Mie Prefecture,
Government Editorial Supervision: Shigemitsu Hatanaka, Satoshi Asano, et. al., 115p., 2005.3

Report of Investigation on Disaster Damage Estimation in Mie Prefecture [in Japanese],
Editorial Supervision: Keisuke Kawada, Shoji Imai, Shigemitsu Hatanaka, et al., 2005.3

Clarification and Quantification of Quality Improvement Mechanism of Concrete by Vacuum
Processing Dewatering System [in Japanese], Naoki MISHIMA, Shigemitsu HATANAKA,
Hiroshi WATO, Hiroki HATTORI and Eisuke SAKAMOTO, Cement and Concrete, Japan
Cement Association, No.702, pp.36-43, 2005.8

Behavior of Water in Concrete and Its Control (Part 1) Behavior of Free Water in Bleeding [inJapanese], Toshitsugu INUKAI and Shigemitsu HATANAKA, Concrete Techno, 24(9), pp.24-30,
2005.9Behavior of Water in Concrete and Its Control (Part 2) Control of Behavior of Free Water and
Dewatering Mechanism [in Japanese], Toshitsugu INUKAI and Shigemitsu HATANAKA,
Concrete Techno, 24(10), pp.37-41, 2005.10

On Simple Methods for Finding Out Poor Quality Concrete -Feasibility of Application of A
Scratching Test- [in Japanese], Shigemitsu HATANAKA, Cement and Concrete, Japan Cement
Association, No.705, pp.42-50, 2005.11

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Department of Information Engineering*nonmember
Basic Techniques of Middle Size Robots – toward the realization of cooperative behavior for the middle
size robot match [in Japanese], Takayuki NAKAMURA*, Yasutake TAKAHASHI*, Kosei DEMURA*,
Hajime ASAMA*, Koichi, OZAKI*, Takeshi MATSUOKA*, Hidetomo SUZUKI, Akihiro
MATSUMOTO*, Yoichiro MAEDA* : Kyoritsu Shuppan (Tokyo), Section 2.10, p.47, Chapter 3
pp.53-77, 2005