Mineralogical Magazine (2020), 84, 435–443
doi:10.1180/mgm.2020.17

ArticlePseudomeisserite-(NH4), a new mineral with a novel uranyl-sulfate
linkage from the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA
Anthony R. Kampf1*, Travis A. Olds2, Jakub Plášil3, Barbara P. Nash4 and Joe Marty5

1

Mineral Sciences Department, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA; 2Section of Minerals andEarth Sciences, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 4400 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA; 3Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i., Na Slovance 1999/2,
18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic; 4Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and 55199 East Silver Oak Road, Salt
Lake City, UT 84108, USA

Abstract
The new mineral pseudomeisserite-(NH4) (IMA2018-166), (NH4,K)2Na4[(UO2)2(SO4)5]⋅4H2O, was found in the Blue Lizard mine, San
Juan County, Utah, USA, where it occurs as light yellow prisms in a secondary assemblage with belakovskiite, blödite, changoite, ferrinatrite, gypsum, ivsite, metavoltine and tamarugite. The streak is very pale yellow and the fluorescence is bright lime green under 405 nm
ultraviolet light. Crystals are transparent with vitreous lustre. The tenacity is brittle, the Mohs hardness is 2½, the fracture is curved orconchoidal and there is one perfect cleavage on {100}. The mineral is easily soluble in H2O and has a measured density of 3.22(2) g⋅cm–3.
Pseudomeisserite-(NH4) is optically biaxial (–) with α = 1.536(2), β = 1.559(2) and γ = 1.565(2) (white light); 2Vmeas. = 53(1)°; dispersion
is r > v, distinct; pleochroism: X colourless, Y light yellow and Z pale yellow (X < Z < Y ); optical orientation: Z = b, Y ∧ c = 33° in obtuseβ). Electron microprobe analyses (WDS mode) provided (NH4)1.49K0.60Na3.87U2.00S5.04O28H7.78. The five strongest X-ray powder diffraction lines are [dobs, Å(I )(hkl)]: 12.69(76)(100), 6.83(84)(012,102), 6.01(100)(202), 3.959(67)(221,214,123) and 3.135(76)(206,223,116).
Pseudomeisserite-(NH4) is monoclinic, P21/c, a = 13.1010(3), b = 10.0948(2), c = 19.4945(14) Å, β = 104.285(7)°, V = 2498.5(2) Å3 andZ = 4. The structural unit in the structure (R1 = 0.0254 for 3837 I > 2σI reflections) is a novel [(UO2)2(SO4)5]6– uranyl-sulfate band.
Keywords: pseudomeisserite-(NH4), new mineral, uranyl sulfate, crystal structure, Blue Lizard mine, Red Canyon, Utah, USA(Received 18 January 2020; accepted 12 March 2020; Accepted Manuscript published online: 17 March 2020; Associate Editor: Daniel
Atencio)

Introduction
The diverse suite of post-mining uranyl-sulfate minerals found in
Red Canyon, Utah, is unlike any other found on Earth. Over thelast eight years, 25 new uranyl-sulfate minerals have been
described from mines in Red Canyon, mostly from the Blue
Lizard mine, but also from the Green Lizard, Markey andGiveaway–Simplot mines. Twenty of these minerals have uniquestructures among both minerals and synthetic phases and, within
their structures, five completely new types of uranyl-sulfate structural units have been identified.
The vast uranyl-sulfate structural diversity is attributable torelatively limited local variations in pH (Plášil et al., 2014), cation
abundance and relative humidity, demonstrating that the origins
of topological complexity in uranyl-sulfate systems have a highly
sensitive crystal-chemical relationship (Gurzhiy and Plášil, 2019).
Numerous recent studies of synthetic uranyl-sulfate compounds
are supported by our observations of natural structures (Gurzhiy
et al., 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019; Lussier et al., 2016; Tyumentseva
et al., 2019); however, many arrangements of uranyl and sulfate*Author for correspondence: Anthony R. Kampf, Email: akampf@nhm.org
Cite this article: Kampf A.R., Olds T.A., Plášil J., Nash B.P. and Marty J. (2020)
Pseudomeisserite-(NH4), a new mineral with a novel uranyl-sulfate linkage from theBlue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA. Mineralogical Magazine 84, 435–443.
https://doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2020.17

polyhedra observed in minerals have yet to be mimicked in thelaboratory, including that of pseudomeisserite-(NH4), which
includes a previously unreported uranyl-sulfate structural unit.
Although the recent sealing of mines in Red Canyon and adjacentareas will limit future discoveries, at least a dozen more Red
Canyon uranyl-sulfate phases await characterisation, and the
new uranyl-sulfate minerals from Red Canyon continue to be
an important source of inspiration for uranyl crystal-chemical
and materials-science advances, in general.
Pseudomeisserite-(NH4) is named for its similarity in appearance to meisserite, Na5(UO2)(SO4)3(SO3OH)(H2O) (Plášil et al.,2013). While pseudomeisserite-(NH4) and meisserite do exhibit
important chemical and structural differences, in our investigations on the minerals of the Blue Lizard mine, we have found it
virtually impossible to distinguish these minerals from one
another visually (including under ultraviolet radiation). This iscompounded by the fact that they occur in similar associations,and sometimes in close proximity. Note that we prefer ‘pseudomeisserite’ to ‘parameisserite’ because the ‘para’ prefix could beconstrued as indicating a dimorphous relation. The -(NH4) suffix
is used to indicate that this mineral corresponds to theNH4-dominant member of a series that probably exists with ahypothetical K-dominant member. If the latter is described as amineral, its name should be ‘pseudomeisserite-(K)’. Even though
the K1 site in the structure exhibits a preference for NH4 and the© The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2020

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Anthony R. Kampf et al.

K2 site a preference for K, we think that for naming purposes
these sites should be considered together.
The new mineral and name were approved by the Commission
on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification of theInternational Mineralogical Association (IMA2018-166, Kampf
et al., 2019). The description is based on two cotype specimens,
both micromounts, deposited in the collections of the Natural
History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition
Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA, catalogue numbers
67621 and 67622.
Occurrence
Pseudomeisserite-(NH4) was found in efflorescent crusts on minewalls underground in the Blue Lizard mine (37°33′ 26′′ N, 110°
17′ 44′′ W), Red Canyon, White Canyon District, San JuanCounty, Utah, USA. The mine is ∼72 km west of the town ofBlanding, Utah, and ∼22 km southeast of Good Hope Bay on
Lake Powell. The following information on the mine and its geology is taken largely from Chenoweth (1993).
The deposit exploited by the Blue Lizard mine was first recognised in the summer of 1898 by John Wetherill, while leading anarchaeological expedition into Red Canyon. He noted yellow
stains around a petrified tree. At that spot, he built a rock monument, in which he placed a piece of paper to claim the minerals.
Although he never officially recorded his claim, 45 years later, in
1943, he described the spot to Preston V. Redd of Blanding, Utah,
who went to the site, found Wetherill’s monument and claimed
the area as the Blue Lizzard claim (note alternate spelling).
Underground workings to mine uranium were not developed
until the 1950s.
The uranium deposits in Red Canyon occur within the
Shinarump member of the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation, inchannels incised into the reddish-brown siltstones of the underlying Lower Triassic Moenkopi Formation. The Shinarump
member consists of medium- to coarse-grained sandstone, conglomeratic sandstone beds and thick siltstone lenses. Ore minerals
were deposited as replacements of wood and other organic material and as disseminations in the enclosing sandstone. Since themine closed in 1978, oxidation of primary ores in the humid
underground environment has produced a variety of secondary
minerals, mainly sulfates, as efflorescent crusts on the surfacesof mine walls.
Pseudomeisserite-(NH4) is a rare mineral in the secondary
mineral assemblages of the Blue Lizard mine. It occurs on a thickcrust of gypsum overlaying matrix comprised mostly of subhedral
to euhedral, equant quartz crystals that are recrystallised counterparts of the original grains of the sandstone. Other secondary
phases found in close association with pseudomeisserite-(NH4)
are belakovskiite, blödite, changoite, ferrinatrite, ivsite, metavoltine, tamarugite and several other potentially new uranyl sulfates.
Morphology, physical properties and optical properties
Pseudomeisserite-(NH4) crystals are stout prisms, up to ∼0.3 mm
long, typically occurring in tightly intergrown aggregates (Figs 1
and 2). Prisms are elongate on [010] and exhibit the forms{100}, {001}, {110} and {011} (Fig. 3). No twinning was observed.
The mineral is light yellow with very pale yellow streak andfluoresces bright lime green under 405 nm (long-wave) ultraviolet(UV) laser illumination (for examining micro-crystals, it is often
most effective to use lasers, but they are not readily available inFig. 1. Intergrown short prisms of pseudomeisserite-(NH4) with white ivsite. The fieldof view is 0.84 mm across.

Fig. 2. Intergrown prisms of pseudomeisserite-(NH4) on bladed changoite with whitesprays of ferrinatrite. The field of view is 1.0 mm across.

Fig. 3. Crystal drawing of pseudomeisserite-(NH4); clinographic projection in standard orientation.

short-wave; however, uranyl minerals that fluoresce under longwave UV generally fluoresce similarly under short-wave). Crystals
are transparent and have a vitreous lustre. The tenacity is brittle,
the Mohs hardness is 2½ (based on scratch tests), the fracture iscurved or conchoidal and perfect cleavage on {100} was observed.
The density measured by flotation in methylene iodide–toluene is
3.22(2) g⋅cm–3. The calculated density is 3.277 g⋅cm–3 for theempirical formula and 3.289 g⋅cm–3 for the ideal formula. At
room temperature, the mineral is easily soluble in H2O.
Optically, pseudomeisserite-(NH4) is biaxial (–), with α =1.536(2), β = 1.559(2) and γ = 1.565(2) (measured in white

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437

Fig. 4. The Raman spectrum of pseudomeisserite-(NH4) recorded with a 785 nm laser.

light). The 2V measured directly on a spindle-stage is 53(1)°; thecalculated 2V is 53.5°. Dispersion is r > v, distinct. The mineral ispleochroic: X colourless, Y light yellow and Z pale yellow (X < Z <Y ). The optical orientation is Z = b and Y ∧ c = 33° in obtuse β.
The Gladstone-Dale compatibility, 1 – (Kp/Kc), is 0.008 (superior)based on the empirical formula (Mandarino, 1981).

Raman spectroscopy
Raman spectroscopy was conducted on a Horiba XploRA PLUS.
Pronounced fluorescence was observed using a 532 nm diodelaser; consequently, a 785 nm diode laser was utilised. The spectrum, recorded from 1600 to 50 cm–1, is shown in Fig. 4.
The ν3 (SO4)2– antisymmetric stretching vibrations occur as
weak bands at 1245 and 1158 cm–1. Several weak to strong
bands/shoulders between 1055 and 978 cm–1 are assignable tothe ν1 (SO4)2– symmetric stretching vibrations. The multiple bands
observed in this region are consistent with the presence of several
symmetrically unique SO4 tetrahedra in the pseudomeisserite(NH4) structure. The weak band at 915 cm–1 is related to theν3 (UO2)2+ antisymmetric stretching vibrations. The ν1 (UO2)2+
symmetric stretching vibration is present as a very strong bandat 844 cm–1. Bartlett and Cooney (1989) provided an empirical
relationship to derive the approximate U–OUr bond lengths
from the band position assigned to the ν1 (UO2)2+ stretchingvibration, which gives 1.77 Å, in excellent agreement with
U–OUr bond lengths from the X-ray data: 1.763(4), 1.771(4),1.765(4) and 1.769(4) Å.
Four weak bands between 648 and 611 cm–1 are attributed
to the ν4 (δ) (SO4)2– bending vibrations, and those at 496, 459
and 439 cm–1 to the ν2 (δ) (SO4)2– bending vibrations. A band

Table 1. Chemical composition of pseudomeisserite-(NH4).
Constituent

Mean

Range

S.D.

Standard(NH4)2O
Na2O
K2O
UO3
SO3
H2O*
Total

3.20
9.90
2.32
47.24
33.58
5.79
101.802.98–3.35
9.46–10.66
2.24–2.44
46.37–48.15
31.80–34.48

0.18
0.55
0.09
0.80
1.21

Synthetic Cr2N
AlbiteSanidine
Synthetic UO2Celestine* based on the structure; S.D. – standard deviation.

at 200 cm–1 is attributable to the ν2 (δ) (UO2)2+ bending vibrations and/or possibly to ν U–Oeq bending modes. The remaining
bands are due to unassigned phonons.

Chemical composition
Chemical analyses (four points on four crystals) were performed at
the University of Utah on a Cameca SX-50 electron microprobewith four wavelength dispersive spectrometers and using Probefor EPMA software. Analytical conditions were 15 kV accelerating
voltage, 10 nA beam current and a beam diameter of 5 μm. Raw
X-ray intensities were corrected for matrix effects with a ϕρ(z) algorithm (Pouchou and Pichoir, 1991). Time-dependent intensity corrections were applied to Na, U and S. Crystals suffered severe beam
damage during analyses. Because insufficient material is available
for a direct determination of H2O, it has been calculated based
upon the structure determination (U = 2 apfu, O = 28 apfu andcharge balance). Analytical data are given in Table 1.

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Anthony R. Kampf et al.

Table 2. Powder X-ray data (d in Å) for pseudomeisserite-(NH4)*.
Iobs

Icalc

dobs

dcalc

hkl

76
55

80
61
10
16
30, 62
5
100
13
49
30
10, 7, 12855258, 3511
6, 24
19, 11, 5, 57
14
8, 12, 8
8, 12
9
41
9
23, 12, 25
6
9, 68, 18
8, 22, 8, 19
18
5
18
11, 278
8, 15
6, 13, 96, 921, 14
7
5, 6, 9, 6
16, 5, 8
6
5
6, 5, 10, 9
5
12
14, 105, 58, 11, 6
6
116, 6, 7, 5, 13, 9
8, 6
5
5
11
10
7
6, 6, 14, 5, 5
7, 5, 57, 6, 5, 6
6, 6, 157, 7
5, 8, 5, 6
6, 5
5

12.69
8.88

12.69598.90348.67227.9015
6.8972, 6.8157
6.5781
5.99835.64875.47875.15664.8764, 4.8334, 4.7536
4.72294.69034.58834.4581, 4.3595
4.33614.3007, 4.2320
3.9919, 3.9841, 3.9507, 3.9375
3.80483.7178, 3.6607, 3.6327
3.5491, 3.5386
3.31283.30203.2526
3.2491, 3.2399, 3.2288
3.1721
3.1467, 3.1368, 3.0928
3.0278, 3.0247, 3.0173, 3.0058
2.96742.93472.87492.8244, 2.8171
2.78172.7616, 2.7393
2.7199, 2.7042, 2.6922
2.6818, 2.6433
2.5859, 2.5760
2.50572.4696, 2.4671, 2.4418, 2.4355
2.3800, 2.3702, 2.3503
2.34302.32622.3132, 2.3089, 2.3018, 2.2992
2.26692.21652.1675, 2.1493
2.1242, 2.1107
2.0508, 2.0488, 2.0200
2.01532.01262.0019, 1.9983, 1.9966, 1.9931, 1.9879, 1.9842
1.9637, 1.9539
1.9396
1.93101.88191.85401.83001.8191, 1.8175, 1.8137, 1.8119, 1.8072
1.7907, 1.7861, 1.7746
1.7550, 1.7454, 1.7359, 1.7344
1.7080, 1.7053, 1.6997
1.6624, 1.6554
1.6343, 1.6263, 1.6255, 1.6228
1.6169, 1.6074
1.5679

100
011

102
110
0 1 2, 1 0 2

112

202
112

211

212
0 2 1, 1 0 4, 2 0 2
004
120

213
1 2 1, 1 1 4

204
2 1 2, 3 0 0

2 2 1, 2 1 4, 2 2 0, 1 2 3114

3 1 3, 3 1 1, 115
3 0 2, 0 1 5
031

321
130

1 0 6, 1 3 1, 2 1 4
131

2 0 6, 2 2 3, 1 1 6
4 1 0, 0 2 5, 1 3 2, 0 1 6

133

232

414
3 0 4, 2 3 3116

1 3 4, 4 2 2
3 1 4, 4 1 2, 4 1 5

4 2 3, 217
4 2 1, 2 3 3

513

1 4 1, 
3 3 4, 1 1 7, 5 1 4
0 2 7, 5 1 1, 2 1 8

431

242
5 0 2, 4 3 0, 2 4 1, 3 2 7143316
3 4 0, 4 3 5

2 3 7, 1 1 9

5 3 3, 3 3 7, 3 3 5137218
4 0 6, 5 2 3, 4 4 1, 1 4 6, 6 2 1, 229
4 1 6, 5 1 8

1 0 10

444
344
129
219

7 1 1, 
5 4 2, 4 1 7, 1 5 4, 4 4 3

7 1 5, 
6 2 7, 6 0 4
3 3 7, 
7 1 6, 1 5 5, 5 0 10

3 4 8, 5 4 2, 2 0 10

1 2 11, 6 1 5

1 5 7, 2 6 0, 6 2 9, 7 2 7
4 3 7, 
4 2 11

736

12
84
100
44
23
20

51
57
51
67
14
20
12
44
41
76
49
12
17
29
16
24
8
21
11
11
19

20
10
14
12
12

38
15
7
7
10
32
13
16
21
13
15
13
8

7.94
6.83
6.01
5.52
5.17
4.799

4.593
4.414
4.251
3.959
3.803
3.667
3.556
3.286
3.230
3.135
3.022
2.967
2.892
2.815
2.751
2.712
2.664
2.585
2.502
2.453
2.368

2.313
2.219
2.166
2.126
2.045

1.9995
1.9592
1.92541.88061.8502
1.8171
1.7822
1.74751.70451.6616
1.62781.61601.5664* Only calculated lines with I > 4 are listed. For I > 3 see the supplemental material. The strongest lines are given in bold.

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Mineralogical Magazine

The empirical formula (calculated on the basis of 28 O apfu)
is (NH4)1.49K0.60Na3.87U2.00S5.04O28H7.78. The simplified formulais (NH4,K)2Na4[(UO2)2(SO4)5]⋅4H2O. The ideal formula is(NH4)2Na4[(UO2)2(SO4)5]⋅4H2O, which requires (NH4)2O 4.27,
Na2O 10.16, UO3 46.87, SO3 32.80 and H2O 5.90, total 100 wt.%.

X-ray crystallography and structure refinement
Powder X-ray studies were carried out using a Rigaku R-Axis Rapid
II curved imaging plate microdiffractometer, with monochromatic
MoKα radiation. A Gandolfi-like motion on the w and ω axes wasused to randomise the samples and observed d values and intensities were derived by profile fitting using JADE 2010 software(Materials Data, Inc.). The observed powder data forpseudomeisserite-(NH4), presented in Table 2, show good agreement with the pattern calculated from the structure refinement.
The unit-cell parameters refined from the powder data using
JADE 2010 with whole pattern fitting are a = 13.129(7), b =10.108(7), c = 19.534(7) Å, β = 104.315(12)° and V = 2512(2) Å3.
Single-crystal X-ray studies were done using the same diffractometer and radiation used for the powder studies. The Rigaku
CrystalClear software package was used for processing the structure data, including the application of an empirical absorption
correction using the multi-scan method with ABSCOR (Higashi,2001). The structure was solved by the charge-flipping method
using SHELXT (Sheldrick, 2015a). SHELXL-2016 (Sheldrick,
2015b) was used for the refinement of the structure. Two largecation sites were refined with full joint occupancies by K and N(NH4). The N1 site refined to N0.386K0.614(9), while the N2 siterefined to N0.767K0.233(10). A difference-Fourier syntheses locatedall H atom positions associated with the H2O groups, whichwere then refined with soft restraints of 0.82(3) Å on the O–H distances and 1.30(3) Å on the H–H distances and with the Ueq of
each H set to 1.2 times that of the donor O atom. However, theH atom positions associated with the NH4 cations were notresolved at this stage of the refinement.
The equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Ueq) of theN1 and N2 sites refined to 0.042 and 0.056, respectively, significantly greater than those of the Na sites (0.021 to 0.037). The
total of the refined joint occupancies of the N1 and N2 sites provided a large-cation content of [(NH4)1.15K0.85]Σ2.00, comparedwith the much more NH4-rich content of [(NH4)1.49K0.60]Σ2.09
obtained from the electron-probe microanalyses (EPMA). These
factors suggested that the N1 and N2 sites actually have more
N and less K than the refinement indicated. To explore this, we
adjusted the occupancies to N0.50K0.50 and N0.91K0.09, respectively,
so that these sites refined to Ueq values of ∼0.031 and provided a
total content of [(NH4)1.41K0.59]Σ2.00. The R1 increased from0.0251 to 0.0259; however, potential H positions associated with
the N sites were revealed. When these were incorporated into
the refinement, R1 decreased to 0.0253. In the final refinement,with H positions included, the joint N/K occupancies of the N1
and N2 sites were again refined, yielding N1: N0.446K0.554(10)and N2: N0.880K0.120(11), with a final total large-cation contentof [(NH4)1.33K0.67]Σ2, a final R1 of 0.0252 and Ueq values of
0.037 for the N sites. The H sites associated with the N1 andN2 sites were refined with soft restraints of 0.90(3) Å on theN–H distances and 1.45(3) Å on the H–H distances and with
the Ueq of each H set to 1.5 times that of the donor N atom;
the occupancies of the H sites were tied to those of the corresponding N sites.

439
Table 3. Data collection
pseudomeisserite-(NH4).

and

Crystal data
Structural formula
Crystal size (μm)
Crystal system, space group
Temperature (K)Unit-cell dimensions
a, b, c (Å)β (°)
V (Å3)
Z
Density (for above formula) (g cm–3)
μ (mm–1)
F(000)

structurerefinement

detailsfor[(NH4)1.33K0.67]Σ2Na4[(UO2)2(SO4)5]⋅4H2O
70 × 50 × 50
Monoclinic, P21/c
293(2)
13.1010(3), 10.0948(2), 19.4945(14)104.285(7)2498.5(2)4
3.282
13.6692269.6

Data collection
Diffractometer
X-ray radiation/powerθ range (°)
Absorption correction
Tmin, Tmax
Refl. collected/unique
Reflections with I > 2σI
Rint
Completeness to θ = 25.03°
Index ranges

Rigaku R-Axis Rapid II
MoKα (λ = 0.71075 Å)/50 kV, 40 mA
3.10 to 25.03
Multi-scan, Higashi (2001)
0.752, 1.000
17556, 4394
3838
0.046
99.6%
–15 ≤ h ≤ 15, –12 ≤ k ≤ 10, –23 ≤ l ≤ 23

Refinement
Refinement method
Parameters/restraints
GoF
Final R indices [I > 3σI ]R indices (all data)Δρmax, Δρmin (e–Å –3)

Full-matrix least-squares on F 2
420/32
1.075
R1 = 0.0252, wR2 = 0.0455
R1 = 0.0323, wR2 = 0.0475+1.167/–0.97

Rint = Σ|Fo2–Fo2(mean)|/Σ[Fo2]. GoF = S = {Σ[w(Fo2–F2c )2]/(n–p)}½. R1 = Σ||Fo|–|Fc||/Σ|Fo|. wR2 = {Σ[w(Fo2–F2c )2]/Σ[w(Fo2)2]}½; w = 1/[σ2(Fo2)+(aP)2+bP] where a is 0.0115, b is 8.0215 and P is [2F2c +Max
(Fo2,0)]/3.

Data collection and refinement details are given in Table 3, atom
coordinates and displacement parameters in Table 4, selected bonddistances in Table 5 and bond-valence summations (BVS) in
Table 6. The crystallographic information files have been deposited
with the Principal Editor of Mineralogical Magazine and are available as Supplementary material (see below).

Description of the structure
The U1 and U2 sites in the structure of pseudomeisserite-(NH4)
are each surrounded by seven O atom sites forming pentagonal
bipyramids. This is a most frequent coordination for U6+ in mineral and inorganic structures where the two short apical bonds ofthe bipyramid constitute the uranyl group (cf. Burns, 2005). The
two apical O atoms of the bipyramids (OUr) form short bonds
with the U, and this unit comprises the UO2+
2 uranyl group.
Five equatorial O atoms (Oeq) complete each of the U coordinations. All Oeq atoms bound to U also participate in SO4 groups.
The U1 bipyramid is surrounded by five SO4 groups [centredby S1 (×2), S2 and S5 (×2)], each of which shares one Oeq cornerof the U1 bipyramid. The U2 bipyramid is surrounded by fourSO4 groups, three of which (centred by S1, S2 and S3) share single
Oeq corners and one of which (centred by S4) shares two equatorial O atoms, a polyhedral edge. Such a bidentate linkage between a
UO7 pentagonal bipyramid and a SO4 tetrahedron has been previously reported in the Na-uranyl-sulfate minerals klaprothite,
péligotite and ottohahnite (Kampf et al., 2017b) and lussierite

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Table 4. Atom coordinates and displacement parameters (Å2) for pseudomeisserite-(NH4).

N1*
HN1A
HN1B
HN1C
HN1D
N2*
HN2A
HN2B
HN2C
HN2D
Na1
Na2
Na3
Na4
U1
U2
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
O1
O2
O3
O4
O5
O6
O7
O8
O9
O10
O11
O12
O13
O14
O15
O16
O17
O18
O19
O20
O21
O22
O23
O24
OW1
H1A
H1B
OW2
H2A
H2B
OW3
H3A
H3B
OW4
H4A
H4B

x/a

y/b

z/c

Ueq

0.0613(2)0.121(5)0.007(6)0.056(9)0.059(9)0.1370(4)0.111(5)0.189(4)0.087(4)0.163(5)0.55001(19)0.2169(2)0.1340(2)0.3572(2)0.50946(2)0.20097(2)0.62563(11)0.34771(12)0.11756(13)0.94659(12)0.42770(12)0.5406(3)0.6299(3)0.6137(3)0.7295(3)0.2571(3)0.3620(3)0.3352(3)0.4472(3)0.0557(5)0.1931(4)0.0512(3)0.1808(4)0.0566(3)0.8948(3)0.9293(3)0.8905(3)0.4794(3)0.3329(3)0.4008(3)0.5048(3)0.6130(3)0.4054(3)0.1037(3)0.2969(3)0.1454(5)0.105(4)0.204(3)0.1825(4)0.243(2)0.148(4)0.2737(4)0.268(5)0.331(3)0.7012(4)0.750(4)0.676(4)0.7857(2)0.771(12)0.771(11)0.726(9)0.866(5)0.3683(4)0.433(5)0.404(6)0.336(6)0.308(5)0.6688(2)0.7155(2)0.9479(3)0.6849(3)0.65871(2)0.39493(2)0.65210(13)0.68412(14)0.60632(15)0.65482(15)0.48767(13)0.6849(4)0.7455(4)0.5162(4)0.6588(4)0.7225(4)0.7699(4)0.5458(4)0.6895(4)0.7038(6)0.6732(5)0.5159(4)0.5286(4)0.6338(4)0.5376(4)0.7717(4)0.6960(4)0.4959(4)0.5676(4)0.3458(4)0.5304(4)0.5567(4)0.7582(4)0.4923(4)0.2955(4)0.9315(5)0.969(7)0.960(8)0.1893(5)0.193(7)0.219(6)0.4991(4)0.494(6)0.470(6)0.5243(4)0.540(6)0.457(4)0.45287(12)0.485(5)0.472(6)0.418(4)0.435(6)0.1685(2)0.193(3)0.153(3)0.136(3)0.203(3)0.99930(12)0.15605(13)0.28039(14)0.35164(14)0.70504(2)0.46067(2)0.36472(7)0.52439(7)0.30045(8)0.08826(8)0.84582(7)0.3973(2)0.30741(19)0.3352(2)0.4168(2)0.5505(2)0.4669(2)0.4973(2)0.5815(2)0.3260(3)0.2687(3)0.2499(2)0.3609(2)0.0923(2)0.1076(2)0.1315(2)0.0142(2)0.9202(2)0.8256(2)0.8275(2)0.8043(2)0.6930(2)0.7199(2)0.4857(2)0.4359(2)0.1609(3)0.128(3)0.161(4)0.2654(2)0.287(3)0.291(3)0.1282(2)0.0859(14)0.148(3)0.0028(2)0.035(2)0.012(3)0.0369(11)
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.037(2)
0.056
0.056
0.056
0.056
0.0212(5)0.0262(6)0.0367(7)0.0299(6)0.01159(6)0.01369(7)0.0123(3)0.0150(3)0.0199(3)0.0187(3)0.0125(3)0.0220(10)0.0147(9)0.0182(9)0.0205(10)0.0269(11)0.0198(10)0.0184(9)0.0229(10)0.071(2)0.0478(15)0.0270(11)0.0314(11)0.0257(10)0.0271(11)0.0220(10)0.0201(10)0.0185(9)0.0202(9)0.0148(9)0.0157(9)0.0192(9)0.0183(9)0.0271(11)0.0191(10)0.0463(14)
0.056
0.056
0.0281(11)
0.034
0.034
0.0269(11)
0.032
0.032
0.0245(10)
0.029
0.029

U 11

U 33

U 23

U 13

U 12

U 22

0.046(2)0.0383(17)0.0288(16)0.0001(10)0.0138(12)0.0041(12)0.035(4)0.039(3)0.037(3)0.001(2)0.005(2)–0.004(2)0.0211(14)0.0237(15)0.0337(18)0.0232(16)0.01304(13)0.01267(13)0.0137(8)0.0188(9)0.0193(9)0.0151(9)0.0167(8)0.022(3)0.018(2)0.021(3)0.020(2)0.022(3)0.026(3)0.019(2)0.024(3)0.053(4)0.043(4)0.022(3)0.032(3)0.017(3)0.022(3)0.021(3)0.024(3)0.022(3)0.018(2)0.017(2)0.020(2)0.022(3)0.021(2)0.019(3)0.020(3)0.058(4)0.0217(13)0.0324(15)0.0424(17)0.0371(16)0.01045(12)0.01414(13)0.0111(7)0.0149(8)0.0222(9)0.0190(8)0.0096(7)0.022(2)0.012(2)0.014(2)0.024(2)0.029(3)0.017(2)0.011(2)0.026(2)0.085(5)0.068(4)0.035(3)0.033(3)0.027(3)0.030(3)0.026(2)0.019(2)0.018(2)0.017(2)0.012(2)0.009(2)0.014(2)0.014(2)0.027(3)0.015(2)0.040(3)0.0204(13)0.0217(14)0.0351(17)0.0273(15)0.01107(12)0.01318(12)0.0109(7)0.0117(7)0.0164(8)0.0200(8)0.0121(8)0.025(2)0.011(2)0.020(2)0.015(2)0.034(3)0.017(2)0.024(2)0.016(2)0.060(4)0.027(3)0.021(2)0.024(3)0.033(3)0.026(3)0.019(2)0.016(2)0.014(2)0.026(2)0.016(2)0.020(2)0.024(2)0.021(2)0.036(3)0.022(2)0.041(4)0.0026(10)0.0011(11)–0.0018(13)–0.0065(11)0.00012(8)0.00018(8)–0.0003(5)–0.0006(6)0.0008(6)0.0027(6)0.0005(5)0.0001(18)0.0056(15)–0.0030(16)0.0043(17)–0.001(2)0.0050(17)–0.0020(17)–0.0026(17)–0.036(3)0.017(2)–0.0012(19)0.013(2)0.0037(19)0.0026(19)–0.0005(18)0.0008(17)–0.0034(16)–0.0003(18)–0.0020(16)0.0034(16)–0.0017(17)0.0007(17)0.000(2)–0.0010(17)–0.001(2)0.0043(11)0.0043(12)0.0109(14)0.0022(12)0.00255(9)0.00114(9)0.0010(6)0.0048(6)0.0011(7)0.0002(7)0.0051(6)0.010(2)–0.0009(18)0.0067(19)0.0005(19)0.014(2)0.008(2)0.0022(19)0.000(2)–0.014(3)0.000(3)–0.001(2)–0.003(2)0.008(2)–0.001(2)0.002(2)0.0023(19)0.0026(19)0.008(2)0.0043(18)0.0075(19)0.008(2)0.0061(19)0.009(2)0.0049(19)0.013(3)0.0002(11)–0.0021(12)0.0062(14)0.0005(12)–0.00008(9)–0.00074(9)–0.0010(6)–0.0040(6)0.0022(7)0.0029(7)–0.0001(6)0.0055(19)0.0014(17)–0.0017(18)–0.0060(19)–0.001(2)0.0004(19)–0.0039(18)–0.012(2)0.045(4)–0.033(3)–0.007(2)–0.003(2)0.008(2)–0.005(2)0.006(2)0.0081(19)–0.0024(18)0.0054(19)–0.0014(17)–0.0036(17)0.0009(18)0.0037(18)0.004(2)0.0004(18)0.004(3)0.018(3)0.038(3)0.031(3)0.003(2)0.011(2)0.000(2)0.030(3)0.026(3)0.025(3)0.010(2)0.007(2)0.010(2)0.024(3)0.021(3)0.025(3)–0.0021(19)0.001(2)–0.006(2)* Refined occupancies: N1: N0.446K0.554(10) and N2: N0.880K0.120(11)(Kampf et al., 2019; Fig. 5a), all of which occur at the Blue Lizard
mine.
The U1 bipyramids are linked to one another by pairs of SO4
tetrahedra (centred by S1 and S5) to form a chain along b. This
chain is topologically identical to those in meisserite (Plášil
et al., 2013); Fig. 5b) and fermiite (Kampf et al., 2015), both ofwhich occur at the Blue Lizard mine. However, in the structureof pseudomeisserite-(NH4), each U1 bipyramid in the chain isalso linked to a U2 bipyramid by pairs of SO4 tetrahedra (centredby S1 and S2), thereby yielding a [(UO2)2(SO4)5]6– uranyl-sulfate
band (Fig. 5c) having its plane parallel to {101}. This band is the
structural unit in the structure of pseudomeisserite-(NH4). To ourknowledge, no similar structural unit has been previously
reported in the structure of any mineral or synthetic compound.
The complexity of U–S polyhedral linkage contributes apparently
to the overall complexity of the pseudomeisserite-(NH4) structure.

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441

Table 5. Selected bond distances (Å) for pseudomeisserite-(NH4).*
Na1–O17
Na1–O17
Na1–OW4
Na1–O24
Na1–O1Na1–O6
Na1–O8<Na1–O>

2.361(4)2.381(4)2.448(5)2.450(5)2.455(5)2.466(5)2.737(5)2.471

Na2–O13
Na2–O5
Na2–O10
Na2–OW1
Na2–OW3
Na2–O22<Na2–O>2.313(5)2.332(5)2.332(5)2.384(6)2.413(5)2.490(5)2.377

Na3–O11
Na3–O14
Na3–O18
Na3–OW2
Na3–O9Na3–O10<Na3–O>2.449(5)2.477(5)2.542(5)2.554(6)2.892(8)2.903(6)2.599

Na4–O1
Na4–O10
Na4–O6
Na4–O18
Na4–O21
Na4–O12
Na4–O22<Na4–O>2.347(5)2.352(6)2.391(5)2.554(5)2.650(4)2.840(5)2.850(5)2.569

U1–O21
U1–O22
U1–O20
U1–O8
U1–O3
U1–O19U1–O23<U1–OUr><U1–Oeq>1.764(4)1.774(4)2.342(4)2.365(4)2.390(4)2.392(4)2.419(4)
1.769
2.382

U2–O24U2–O23
U2–O7
U2–O12U2–O41
U2–O16
U2–O15
U2–OUr>U2–Oeq>1.766(4)1.770(4)2.302(4)2.328(4)2.399(4)2.450(4)2.485(4)
1.768
2.393

S1–O1
S1–O2
S1–O3
S1–O4
<S1–O>

1.451(4)1.474(4)1.481(4)1.485(4)1.473

S4–O13S4–O14S4–O15S4–O16<S4–O>

1.440(4)1.459(4)1.499(4)1.508(4)
1.477

S2–O5
S2–O6
S2–O7
S2–O8
<S2–O>

1.454(4)1.465(4)1.487(4)1.492(4)1.475

S5–O17S5–O18S5–O19S5–O20<S5–O>

1.444(4)1.451(4)1.497(4)1.505(4)
1.474

S3–O9
S3–O10S3–O11
S3–O12<S3–O>

1.439(5)1.457(5)1.463(4)1.486(4)
1.461

S4

S5

N1–O9*
N1–O16*
N1–O13
N1–O5*
N1–O14*
N1–O23<N1–O>

2.592(6)2.791(5)2.853(5)2.864(5)2.919(5)3.052(5)2.845

N2–OW3*N2–OW2*
N2–O11*
N2–O9
N2–O13
N2–O2<N2–O>

2.502(6)2.575(7)2.623(6)3.046(7)3.118(6)3.221(6)2.848

Hydrogen bonds

Sum

Hydrogen bonds
D–H⋅⋅⋅A

D–H

H⋅⋅⋅A

D⋅⋅⋅A

<DHA

N1–HN1A⋅⋅⋅O5*
N1–HN1B⋅⋅⋅O16*
N1–HN1C⋅⋅⋅O9*
N1–HN1D⋅⋅⋅O14*
N2–HN1A⋅⋅⋅O11*
N2–HN1B⋅⋅⋅OW3*
N2–HN1D⋅⋅⋅OW2*
OW1–H1A⋅⋅⋅O23
OW1–H1B⋅⋅⋅O3
OW2–H2A⋅⋅⋅O19
OW2–H2B⋅⋅⋅O15
OW3–H3A⋅⋅⋅OW4
OW3–H3B⋅⋅⋅O20
OW4–H4A⋅⋅⋅O14
OW4–H4B⋅⋅⋅O6

0.89(3)0.89(3)0.91(3)0.88(3)0.91(3)0.88(2)0.91(3)0.81(3)0.82(3)0.81(3)0.80(3)0.81(3)0.81(3)0.80(3)0.80(3)

1.98(3)
1.93(5)1.80(6)2.08(5)1.73(3)
1.63(3)
1.69(3)2.80(6)2.44(3)2.06(3)2.09(3)
1.88(3)2.12(4)2.06(3)2.02(3)2.864(5)2.791(5)2.592(6)2.919(5)2.623(6)2.502(6)2.575(7)3.413(7)3.252(7)2.840(6)2.887(6)2.664(6)2.891(6)2.840(6)2.806(6)174(11)161(11)145(10)160(11)
164(6)
168(7)
166(6)
133(7)
172(8)
164(6)
170(7)
162(6)
158(7)
164(7)
169(7)* Ordered N–H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds.

Table 6. Bond valence analysis for pseudomeisserite-(NH4). Values are expressed in valence units.*
N1
O1
O2
O3
O4
O5
O6
O7
O8
O9
O10
O11
O12
O13
O14
O15
O16
O17
O18
O19
O20
O21
O22
O23
O24
OW1
OW2
OW3
OW4
Sum

N2

Na1

Na2

Na3

0.17

Na4

U1

U2

S1

0.47

1.58
1.49
1.47
1.45

0.21

0.06

0.45
0.48

0.15

0.22
0.16
0.08

0.51

0.10
0.22
0.32

0.06
0.06
0.17

0.09

0.10

0.18

1.63
1.56
1.54
1.45

0.21
0.07

0.15
0.13

S3

1.57
1.53
1.45
1.43

0.19
0.58

0.30

S2

0.55

0.23

1.61
1.55
1.40
1.37

0.16
0.40
0.43

0.18
0.20
0.20

1.61
0.13

0.13

0.10
0.06

0.15

1.79
1.81

0.17
0.19

1.00

1.39

1.58
1.41
1.38

0.48
0.53
1.82
1.78

0.09

0.37
0.45

0.17
0.16

0.08
–0.08, –0.10–0.16, –0.17–0.24, –0.16
0.24, –0.18, –0.17

0.20
0.13

0.18
0.16
1.14

1.19

0.91

0.17
0.16

0.97

6.05

6.03

5.99

5.98

6.18

5.93

1.96
2.00
2.05
1.92
1.94
2.06
2.03
2.02
2.09
2.05
2.03
2.07
2.08
2.01
1.96
1.98
2.01
1.84
2.06
2.07
1.92
1.99
1.96
1.98
0.21
0.17
0.23
0.06

5.98

*The N1 and N2 site bond valences are based on refined joint occupancies by K and N. NH+4–O bond valence parameters are from García-Rodríguez et al. (2000). All other cation–O bondvalence parameters are from Gagné and Hawthorne (2015). Hydrogen-bond strengths are based on O–O bond lengths from Ferraris and Ivaldi (1988).

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Anthony R. Kampf et al.

Fig. 5. (a) The [(UO2)(SO4)4]6– cluster in lussierite. (b) The [(UO2)(SO4)3]4–
chain
inmeisserite.
(c)
The[(UO2)2(SO4)5]6–
bandin
pseudomeisserite-(NH4).

Fig. 6. The crystal structure of pseudomeisserite-(NH4) viewed down b. The Na–O and NH4/K–O bonds are shown as thin black lines. Hydrogen bonds are notshown. The [(UO2)2(SO4)5]6– band is highlighted with a green background. The unit cell is indicated by dashed lines.

With total complexity of 1329.90 bits/cell (including hydrogenatoms), pseudomeisserite-(NH4) is one of the very complex
uranyl minerals (after Krivovichev, 2013) and belongs to groupof most complex uranyl sulfates (Gurzhiy and Plášil, 2019).
Based on the topological type of structural unit, it falls in thegroup of structures that are based on dense chains of polyhedra,such as alwilkinsite-(Y) (Kampf et al., 2017a) and uranopilite(Burns, 2001).

The uranyl sulfate bands are linked through a complex network of bonds involving two large-cation sites (N1 and N2)
occupied jointly by NH4 and K, four Na sites (Na1, Na2, Na3
and Na4) and four H2O-group sites (OW1, OW2, OW3 andOW4). The K1, K2 and Na2 sites are six coordinated, while
the Na1, Na3 and Na4 sites are seven coordinated. The entire
structure is shown in Fig. 6, with one uranyl-sulfate band
highlighted.

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Mineralogical Magazine

The N1 site appears to accommodate roughly equivalentamounts of NH4 and K, while the N2 site exhibits a significantly
greater affinity for NH4 over K. There is no obvious explanation
for the preference of the N2 site for NH4; in fact, NH4 prominence in the N2 site is counter-indicated by bond-valence considerations (considering NH4 as a spherical cation), as the high BVS
for the site (1.39 valence units) would be close to neutral (1.02 vu)with occupancy by K alone. It is worth noting that the bondvalence values reported in Table 6 follow the approach of
Garcia-Rodriguez et al. (2000), which treats NH+4 strictly as aspherical cation. Other authors (cf. Khan and Baur, 1972) havestudied ordered hydrogen bonding exhibited in some NH4 coordinations. Catti and Franchini-Angela (1976) noted that, for short
H⋅⋅⋅O bonds with large N–H⋅⋅⋅O angles, the NH+4 group behaves
as an ordered hydrogen-bond donor, while long H⋅⋅⋅O distancesand relatively small N–H⋅⋅⋅O angles are indicative of behaviour
as a strongly electropositive large alkali-like cation. It seems reasonable to assume that NH4–O bonds corresponding to orderedhydrogen bonds provide somewhat greater bond strength thanthose corresponding to electrostatic bonds, and that this shouldbe particularly true for relatively short N–H⋅⋅⋅O bonds. The N1
and N2 coordinations in the structure of pseudomeisserite each
include ordered hydrogen bonds (see Table 6). The N1 site has
four such bonds and the N2 site has three. That suggests that
the N1 site might be more favourable to NH4 over K; however,the fact that the three ordered N–H⋅⋅⋅O bonds for the N2 site
are particularly short may make this site more favourable forNH4 occupancy.
Supplementary material. To view supplementary material for this article,
please visit https://doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2020.17
Acknowledgements. Structures Editor Peter Leverett, reviewer Igor Pekov
and an anonymous reviewer are thanked for their constructive comments on
the manuscript. We are grateful to retired miner Dan Shumway of Blanding,Utah, for advice and assistance in our collecting efforts in Red Canyon. A portion of this study was funded by the John Jago Trelawney Endowment to theMineral Sciences Department of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles
County. This research was also financially supported by the Czech Science
Foundation (project GACR 20-11949S to JP).

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