Building Construction and BIM
in JapanJapan Federation of Construction Contractors,
Research and Development Committee
Technical Research Section Chairman
Obayashi Corporation, Technical Research InstituteExecutive Officer and General Manager
Takashi Shiokawa
IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar

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JFCC Research and Development Committee
 Japan Federation of Construction Contractors (JFCC)
 The construction contractors organization which works toresolve the various systems and issues related to theconstruction industry.
 138 contractors have joined.

 JFCC Research and Development Committee
 The committee which addresses the research, development
and improvement of building technology supporting forsocial and building needs.
IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 20132

Building Construction and BIM in Japan
Building Construction in Japan
Construction Investment
Design-Build System
Design Division of Contractor
Research and Development in Contractor
Project Contract Type

Current Status of BIM in Japan
Trends of BIM in the world
Trends of BIM in Japan
BIM Activities of JFCCIDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 20133

Building Construction in Japan

IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013

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Trends in Construction Investment
 Construction investment was reduced to 50% of the peak in 2010
and began to increase in earthquake recovery demand from 2011.
（Trillion Yen）
90 84.0
81.7

80

32.3

34.2

7060
50

49.1

78.8 79.0
33.3 35.2

45.3 43.9

41.0

Government Sector

82.8
34.6 75.2
33.0

71.4
34.0

Private Sector
68.5
31.9

66.2
30.0

61.3
28.2

45.8
39.9

40

34.9 34.7 33.6

30

Building
56.8
25.9

30.8 29.2

53.7 52.8

51.6 51.3

23.5 20.8

19.0 17.8

47.7 48.2
16.9 16.7

28.7 29.7 29.7 30.6 27.7 28.4

43.0 41.9 41.9 44.9
17.9 18.0 17.2 18.9
22.7 22.1 22.5 23.4

50.0
22.026.3

20100

51.6 47.5 45.5 43.8 48.2 42.2 37.4 36.6 36.2 33.1 30.9 30.2 32.0 32.6 33.5 30.7 31.4 25.0 23.9 24.7 26.0 28.0
1992 93

94

95

96

97

98

99

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

1213

（Fiscal Year）

JFCC : Construction Industry Handbook 2013

IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 20135

Breakdown of construction investment
 The majority of private investment is building work.

Government
Residential Building
0.9 %PrivateResidential Building
31.2 %

PrivateNon-residential Building
15.8 %

GovernmentNon-residential Building
4.3 %Government Civil
36.8 %

Private Civil
11.0 %

Private58.0 %

Government
42.0 %IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013

JFCC : Construction Industry
Handbook 2013

6Japanese Design-Build System
ClientBusiness
Planning
Phase

Multi-disciplinary Contractor
DesignPre-design

Confirm
DesignCriteria

Design Review
Preliminary
DesignConfirm
DesignBuilding
Phase

Confirm
DesignTechnical Review(Quality, Technology, Cost)
Design Review

Detailed
DesignStart ofConstruction
Completion

Operation
Phase

TechnicalSupport

Technical Review(Quality, Technology, Cost)
Design Review

Supervision

Construction
Inspection
Inspection

HandoverPost-Construction
Scheduled Inspection Services

JFCC : Japanese Multi-disciplinary Contractors with Their Own Design Divisions

IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 20137

Japanese Design-Build System
 Historical reasons Traditionally, Japanese society has relied on an architectural system inwhich a master carpenter (toryo) is responsible for both the design
and the construction of buildings.
 Clients put their faith in this system, which, over the year, has beenrefined and steadily developed by various contractors and their design
divisions.

 Advantages of the System Clearly defined responsibilities for the design and construction ofbuildings.
 Assured quality based on construction-technological feedback.
 Accelerated project delivery.
The system can produce high-quality buildings
rapidly and economically.

IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013

8Design Division of Contractor
 55 major member contractors of JFCC have design divisions
Trends in the ratio of design department employees
9%
8%
7%
6%
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%

5.7% 5.6% 5.7% 5.9%

2003 04

05

06

6.5%

07

6.9%

08

7.5% 7.4% 7.4% 7.4%

09101112(Fiscal Year)

JFCC Design Committee ： Design department annual questionnaire 2012

IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 20139Ratio of Design-Build Projects
 Design-Build Rate

Designed Alone
Designed Together
Alone + Togeter

Design-Buildorder volume2,099,531 Million Yen
310,024 Million Yen
2,409,555 Million Yen

Design-BuildRate
31.4%
4.6%
36.0%

 Design-Build Rate = Design-Build contract volume / Building
Work order volume
 Building Work order volume （in Japan）= 6,679, 580 Million Yen
 Designed Together : designed in collaboration with othercompanies
 In the case of joint venture project, the amount was entered inaccordance with the equity.

JFCC Design Committee ： Design department annual questionnaire 2012

IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 201310

Research and Development in Contractor
 Trends in R & D Expenses
 R & D expenses of the construction industry are less than those of other industries.
However, some major companies invest about 10 billion yen per year.

Trends in the ratio of R & D Expenses to Sales

Manufacturing
All Industry

Construction

Expenses in 2011 :113 billion yen(Fiscal Year)

JFCC : Construction Industry Handbook 2013

IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 201311

Research and Development in Contractor
 36 major member contractors of JFCC performresearch and development.
R & D expence（Billion Yen）

Ratio of R & D expenses to sales

10
 Total R & D expenses 98
to sales : 0.56%765
 28 contractors own
4experimental facilities 3
210

JFCC R & D Committee ： R & D
annual questionnaire 2012

0200400

with Laboratory

IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013

600

800 1,000 1,200sales （Billion Yen）

without Laboratory

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Research and Development in Contractor
 Breakdown of R & D expenses
Quality & Productivity
36%

Safety & Security
24%Global Environment
21%

Amenity & Health6%
Others12%0%20%

Quality & Productivity
Concrete, Skeleton,
Construction Method,
Automation, Maintenance
Safety & Security
Earthquake Resistant,
Seismic-Response Control,
Base Isolation, Seismology

40%

60%

Global Environment
Energy saving, CO2 Reduction,
Soil Remediation, Water
Purification, Alternative Energy

80%

100%

OthersEngineering,BIM

Amenity & HealthSound, Vibration,
JFCC R & D Committee ：Temperature, Humidity R & D annual questionnaire

IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013201213

Project Contract Type Fixed price contract is common in building industry.
 Fixed Price (lump sum) Contract• The contractor agrees to complete the project for a specific period oftime and the client agrees to pay a fixed amount of money.

 Bill of Quantities Contract• The contractor agrees based upon the contract documents with thequantity table that the client has provided.

 Guaranteed Maximum Price Contract• The contractor is responsible for cost overruns, unless the GMP has
been increased. Savings resulting from cost underruns are returned tothe client or distributed.

 Unit-price Contract• The client agrees a unit price of labor and materials. Total cost will varydepending on the increase or decrease in these quantities.

 Cost-plus (Cost Reimbursement) Contract• The contractor is paid for all of its allowed expenses to a set limit plus
additional payment to allow for a profit.

IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 201314

Current status of BIM in Japan

IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 201315

Trends of BIM in the world
 BIM Guidelines are developed and BIM is being mandatory
Country

Organization

Title

USNIBS

National BIM Standard

USGSA

BIM Guide Series 1～6USWisconsin

BIM Guideline and Standard for Architect & Engineer

US

BuildingSMART US &Penn. State Univ.

BIM Project Execution Planning Guide Ver.1

Finland

Senate Properties

BIM Requirements Vol.1～9Denmark

bips

CAD Manual 2008

Singapore

BCA

BIM Regulation Submission Pilot Guideline

Australia

CRC

National Guideline for Digital modeling

Korea

MLTM

BIM Application Guide

Korea

PPS

BIM Roadmap

IAI Japan Junichi Yamashita : Present and Future of BIM in the World and Japan

IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 201316

Trends of BIM in the world
 Clients are active in the adoption of BIM
 Senate Properties• An unincorporated state-ownedenterprise which manages a majorpart of the real estate in Finland.
 Main Objectives of “Requirements 2007”“With the help of three-dimensional assessment of design solutions,

it aims at improving quality and the information exchange between the parties,
reducing the number of design errors,
increasing the efficiency of the design process
and ensuring that the end result conforms to the objectives.”

 The client will pay the modeling and administrative costs of BIM
indirectly.
IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 201317

Trends of BIM in Japan 2010.3 Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport(MLIT) announced “Start of BIM pilot project ingovernment building and repairs”.
 2012.7 Japan Institute of Architects(JIA) released the BIM guidelines.
 It shows the agenda and expected effectof BIM to architects.

 2012.09 MLIT Government Buildings
Department began to study for thedevelopment of BIM modeling rules.
IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 201318

Trends of BIM in Japan
Comparison with the guidelines of overseas
Nation Level

Agency /Organization Level

Project Level

USNIBS

Korea
MLTM

Finland
Senate Properties

USGSA

US
Wisconsin

Korea
PPS

Norway, Oslo
New National Museum

IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013

JIA
BIM guidelines

BIM
Pilot Project19

Trends of BIM in Japan
 Contractors are expecting effects of BIM as follows: Acceleration of the process of reaching a consensus with aclient and a designer.
 Improvement of the coordination process between
subcontractors, fabricators and manufacturers.
 Improvement of the productivity and shortening
construction period by front-loading.

 Subcontractors, fabricators and manufacturers areexpecting effects of BIM as the follows: Improvement of the coordination process between
contractor.
 Improvement of the manufacturing process by data linkage.
 Reduction of rework due to front-loading.

IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 201320

Trends of BIM in Japan
 Contractors are active participants in the design competition
using BIM.
 Build Live Japan• Virtual design competitionsorganized by IAI Japan• Competing for the completeness andnovelty of BIM work in 48 hours.

 Grand Prize Winners• Build Live Tokyo 2009
Maeda Corporation• Build Live Tokyo 2009 Part II Shimizu Corporation• Build Live Tokyo 2010
Obayashi Corporation,
Shibaura institute of Technology• Build Live Kobe 2011
Shibaura institute of Technology• Build Live Chiba 2012
Obayashi Corporation• Build Live Japan 2013

IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013

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Trends of BIM in Japan
 Procurement of BIM modeling work is spreading abroad.

ChinaIndia
Vietnam

IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013

Philippines

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BIM Activities of JFCC
 Building Construction Committee, Information Technology
Promotion Section, BIM special Section
Organized in 2010, 15 Contractors and 21 observercompanies such as subcontractors, manufacturers,
fabricators and BIM software vendors.
Purpose :• Promoting the standardization ofspecifications and usage.
• Increasing the benefits of BIM inconstruction stage.

2011 : Published “Investigation ofBIM usage in subcontractors,manufacturers and fabricators”
IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 201323

BIM Activities of JFCC
2012 : Organized “BIM meeting for Subcontractors,Manufacturers and Fabricators”
2012 : Performed “Cooperative Digital Mock-up Trial”.

2013 : Started development of “Guidelines for BIM
collaboration in construction stage”.
IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 201324

Conclusion
 Building Construction in Japan Major contractors have design divisions and can produce high-quality
building economically in a short period of time by design-build system.
 Major contractors also perform research and development not only forthe building quality and productivity but also for the global
environment, the safety and the security.
 Fixed price contract is common in building industry.

 Current Status of BIM in Japan Development of BIM Guidelines has been delayed from pioneeringcountries.
 The client side expectations for BIM is not strong yet. Architects andcontractors are working on BIM for the purpose of their productivity
improvement.

 BIM Activities of JFCC

 BIM special section organized in 2010 and worked for increasing thebenefits of BIM in construction stage.

IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 201325