3４

ReflectingandRethinkingEnvironmentalEducationResearch
inKorea

Sun-KyungLee

CheongjuNationalUniversityofEducatiolLKorea
ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴ

Ｉｔｉｓｓａｉｄｔｈａｔｔｈｏｓｅｗｈｏｄｏｎｏｔｋｎｏｗｈistoryarecondemnedtorepeatit,Thepurposeofthis

paperistoreOecttheenvironmentaleducationandenvironmentaleducationresearcbesinKorea
fromｔｈｅｐａｓｔｔｉＩｌｔｈｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔａｎｄｔｏｍｎｋｅａｖｉｓｉｏｎｆｂｒｔｈｅｆｕｔｕｒｅｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｒenectionand
rethinkingonit,EnvironmentaleducalioninKoreacalnbeclassifiedasthreeperiods:thequickening
periodbefOrel98qthedeveIopingperi()doll981-l991andthestabiIizationperiodfroml992tiⅡｔｈｅpresent・TbeenvironmentaleducationresearchesofeachperiodwerecarriedouLstartedatthelate

l970s・KorenEducationalDeveI()pInentlnstituteandledtoK()reanSocietyfOrEnvironmental
Education,BasedonthereUectionissuesrelatedtoenvironmentaIeducationresearchwereraised

anddiscussedfOrimprovingthepractices＆lswellastheresearchesinenvironmentaleducation・
includingtheissuesofresearchmethodology・rescarchthemesandcontents・reIewmcetolocal
communitycoupledwithconsiderationofc()ntext､theimportanceofparticipatoryactionresearchfbr
sustainability．

Keywords:EnvironmentalEducationResearch･researchmethodoloHy・researchtbemesandcontents、
relevancctoI()calcommunity､parlicipatorynctionresearchfbrsuslainability
lntroductiDn

TheconceptofsustainabledevelopmentisbasedonthediscussionabouttheenvironmentaIlimit
oftheearth･ｓｓｙｓｔｅｍａｎｄ【hecquityamolugvariousstakeholdersllowever,whenwetalkabouttIle
concepto〔sustainnbledevelopmcnt・wementiontIleharmonyamongthreeperspectivessuchas
sociaIsustainability・economicsustainabilityandenvironmentalsustainabiIily、Tocmbracesuch

perspectives・weemphasizetheculturalilspec1ｓ（ＵＮＥＳＣＯ,2005)．However,withoutsecuring

environInentalsustainability・ａｎｙｔｙｐｅｏｆｄｃｖｅｌ(DpmentisimpossibIe，becauseｉｔ､sdeeplyrelatedto
oursurvivalinthisplanet､TherefOre・theimportanceofenvironmentnIsuslainabilityandtheroleof
environmentaledLlcationnrefarbiggcrｔｈａｎ()therareas、

１，ｓuchacontcxt,Ｆｏｒｍｅｒ(2001)sawtheenvironmentasabridlFethatconnectedthepresentand

thefuture，andempI1asizesenvironmentaleducationandenvironmentaleducationresearcllasa
foundationtosupportthebridge、Thatenvir(〕ｎｍｅｎｔｉｓｂｃｉｎｇｓｈａｐｅｄｅｎｃｈｄａｙｂｙｔｈｅhumanunderstandinR〈ｏｒmisunderstanding)ofsciencc,byapplicationsoftechmoloRy（ormis-applicalions)，

ａｎｄｂｙｔｈｃｗａｙｙｏｕｎｇｐｅｏｐｌｅａｒｅｌａｕＲｈｔｔ()ｃ()nnecLapply,anddeaIwitIltheeffectsofthatscience
andtechnol(〕gy,FocusiIIgonthe“systemsaspectsofthcsefbrces,ａｎｄｒｅｌａｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｍｔｏｔｈｅｓｃｈｏｏＩ
ｓｅttinHandrespolIsibilitics，ｐｒ()videscnvir()nmenlaleducat()rsastrongmtionaleandmethodslbr
teachingasubjectthati目alsoapreparationlbrlivingAseducators・ourresponsibiIityistoheIp
IearnerspreparelOrtheirfuture,ａｎｄｉｎｓ()。()ing,ｗｅｃｏｎｆｉｌｍｒｅｏｕｒｏｗｍｆｕｔｕｒｅａｓｗｅⅡ．
ThispaperisfbrreHectingwhntenvironmcntaIeducationrcsearchllaｓｄｏｎｅｉｎＫｏｒｅａ､whatdoes
ＱＣ

inKoreaandwhatwiⅡhavelodoinK()rea,FirstofalLrdliketoreHectpastandtbepresentof
envir(〕nmentaleducationinKoreabriefIyanddiscussseveralissucswhichshouIdbeconsideredin

ＥＮＦＩＲＯＭＶｊＷＴＡＬＥＤＵＣＡＴＪＯｊｖＶＯＬ.】５Ｎ０．３

Ｒｅ化c【ｊｊｊＨａＪｌｄＲｅｌ/】ｊ"ＭｌｇＥｌ汎imJ】ｍｅ"(ａ１Ｅｄｌにｆｌｌｋ〕JlRes〔Dar(P/ｌｊｎＫＵｒａｌ

3５

clwir()､ｍｅｎ(aleducationandcIwir()Ilmentaleducati()nrcsearchIbrlhefuture、
O1Ferview〔､「EnvironmentmIEducali《DnRcsearchimKoren

EI1vir()nmentaleduc5ltioninI(()rc【l唖lnbeclassified61sｌｈｒｃｃｌ)Ｍｏ〔I：thequickenin熈peri〔)〔１１)e､)re
I98qthcdevelopinlFperiod（)fl981-l991andlhestabilizaliollI)eri()。［r()ml992tilItheprescIltI､Thc

eI1vir()nmentaleducatioIlrcse2lr(Bhes（)ｆｅａｃｈｐｅｒｉｏｄｗｅｒｅｃ&lrried（)ut．ｓ[arledatthelateI970s・

KoreaEducationalDいFelopmcIlIInstitute（ＫＥＤI）ａｎｄｌｅｄｌ(）KoreallS()cietyn)rEnvirollmeI11aI

EducaIion(ＫＯＳＥＥ１

QuickeningPeriod:BefbreI980s

lnthel970s､ｓｔａｒｔｉｎＩＦｆｒｏｌｎｔｈｃＩＵＣＮ(B()､企rence､thereweremilnyinlernationaIeffbrlswlli(DII（anbcmiIeslonesintheI】isl()ｒｙ()ｆｅｌｗｉｒ()nmenlaleducationoIthew()rIdlnKorea・ｓｏｍｅsch(〕lHlr§1〕c無ｌｎｌ()mentiollenvironmentaIeduc&lli()n.Ilowever､thcI1ali()､;111〕〔)licy()ｆＫｏｒｅａａｔｔｈａｔＩｉｍＥｗａｓＩｂｃｕｓｅｄ【)I1tI1eeconomicdeveloI〕Ｉｎｅｎｔｉｌｎｄｉｎｃ〔)ｍｅgrowth．Ｓ()．tIlecJwiroI】mentaIeducationw8lsl1o［

dilfcrentiatedfr()mnaluraleIwir()nmentprotecti()ｎａｎｄｉＩｗａｌｉｉｎｏｌｍｕｃｈｄｉｌｆｅｒｅｎｔｆroInHeneral
I)ubIicreIationswork．Ｍ()r(J()ｖｃｒｉｔｗａｓｎｏｔｅｑｕｉｐｐｃｄｗｉＩｈｔｈｃＷ剖emthalcaninduce（)rpcrsuadec()1,1,()nrecogniti()ｎｆｒｏｍｌｌｌｅＩ〕cople、

DurinR【histimc､e1wir()IlIlIcnlnIeducationresearchｅｓｗｅｒｃｃ()nducledbythereseHlrchersil1lhe
neIdofSocialStudiesandSdeIlceillKEDLTheresearchincluded、ResearchonP(〕pulatioll（)r()wth
andEIwironmentalM【lnaRemellt（1976).、WorkshoponEnvir()IlmentalEducation（1977)．Basic
ResearchonEducati()nalCurriculuInI)eveIopmentfbrEnvir()11,】entalEducation（1977).Ｒｅ§e【lrch()ｎＥＩｗｉｒ〔)nmenlalEducationM()dell〕(welopment(1979)etc．

l)eveI〔DpingPeriod：1981-l991

Duringlhisperiodelwir()Ilmcnlalrilghtwasstipulatcdinlｌｌｃｃ〔)I1slitutionofKorealandK()rcan
EIwiroIlmentaIAdministr2lli()ｎｗＨＩ目promotedasOfficeofEIwiroImlemtinl990,SinccI985・Ｉｈｅ

Ｅｎｖｉｒ()IlmentConservati(〕11Ｍ()deISchoolinitiativcwas（)l)eI･HlledandsupportedbyMini制ｒｙ〔)［Elwir()ｎｍｃｎｔ２ｔｏｐｒ()ｍ()tccIwir()【lmentaleducationinscI1()(〕1s･Ａ１§()(lurinRthisperiod,ｌｈｅ４ＩｈｉｌＩｌｄ５１Ｉ１
ｎ【lti()IMllcurriculumincluded（DrelI1pIMl§izedenvir()ｎｍｃＩｌｍｌｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｌｌｉｎｔｈｅｇｕideIille（)flheintrodL1ction3､ThereIbre、thedispcrsedelwironmentalcduca【i()nslarledineachcurriculum・Ａｌｌｈｃ

ｓａｍｅｔｉｍｅ・theeI1vir()nmcIlIHlIeducHllionactivitiesbyn(〕１１浬(wernmenmlorgallizationswer⑩Ｉ〕ciIllg
iInplememedinthes()Cie(y・ThesekindsofrcsullsarecloseIyreIatedtothealctivilicsi（Dfenvironmentaleducati(〕nrcsear(BbRrou鵬whichaclivelyopcraに。。ｕringthisperiodiI1cludinHKEI)ＩａｎｄＫＯＳＥＥＫＥＤＩｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｂｅｄ
ｌｈｅDMsiollofEnvironmeIl(allEdu仁ationtosupportschooIeIwironmelltalcducati(ＤｎｉｎＩ９９Ｉ、ＴＩ】e

InajorresearchesallddevcI()l)mentsbyKEDIincIuderesearrｈｏｎ・StrenglheXIin円Measurc§lbr
EIwironmentalEducalti()、(I987y.､TVPrograml)eveI〔)I〕Il1eIllf()rlmprovin円EIwir()I1mcnml
Education（1989).、Dcvelol〕meIl（（)fEducali()nMateriaIslbrEIeInentary・MiddIeandHi鷹ｈＳｃｈ()()Ｉｓ
ＩＩ９８８－］990),，Ｕ､Ｋ＆KoreHIEnvir()nmentalEducKlti()nScmiIMlr（1991),．、Ａｎｈｗ巴stiRtlli()I】（)n
EIwirollmentaIAwareness〔)fStudentsandTeachcrs（1991).．、ResearchＲ)ｒｔＩ１ｃ６１ｈＮａｔｉ(〕lmI

CurriculumDeveIopmelI（（1991)'・etc・

KOSEEisthespecializedeIwir()nmentaIeducati()norRanizHltion・wIlichwasestablishedbykey

Iu】cInbersinprimary・middkjaIldhi鷹hschools，ＮＧＯｓ・elwironment-reIatedagencicsa11〔IresearcIl

inslilutesthatparticipaltedin（ｉｃｒｍ６ｍｙ＆KoreaEnvironm⑥IltalEducationSeminarssponsore〔１１Ｗ
ｌＴｌｌｃｓｕｍｍ【lrvofenviroIUmcnIal⑩〔lu〔･iHli《》nlUislom･islxuscdontI1econItn僻(DfN8MI】（l卿5）CIloiI2000)．

去ＥＩ耐ironmenIaIAdministralioIu【ｌｌｔＩＵａｌｌｉｍｅ

ｎＦｏｒｔｈｅｄｅｌａｉｌｃｄｃontemsoflIDq､’'''－５１LIMlli(DnaIcurricuIuminKoren`I〕11`a＆［rcferI()【I1cotherpalD⑪T1Sl）lIUr(ＤｕＮＩｌ
ＥＥ’１〕rcsentedby1IUc5amcl)rescIUM．

Ｅ１ＶＷＲＯＭＶﾉﾂＭＭＬＥｐＵＣＡＴＩＯＡ７１ＰＯＬ・j5iAr03

S【"ﾙKyuJ】汗Ｌｅｅ3６

ＫＥＤＩｉｎＳｅｐｔｅｍｂｅｒＩ９８９,Thi：scminarla(ercreale〔Ｉａｍｏｍｅｌｌｌｕｍｔｂｎｔｃ()nnectedschooIteacIlers
andeducHltionaIadmiI】istrators（ｂｒｔｈｅｄｉ＆cussionofe1wironmelltaIeducati(DnthrouRllinternati()Ilal
seminarsandal1nuaIHlcademicseminars､１，１”1．ＫＯＳＥＥｓｕｂｍｉｔｔｅｄ￣ARecommelldati()、()、sch〔x〕lEnvironmeIllaIEd【lcationlmpr〔wemenllotheMiIli5try()fEducati(、．
StabilizingPeriod（1992）
VariousalctivitieswereビarricdoutinsociaIenvironmentaIeducationaIldschooIenvironme､【aI

cducati〔)ndurinRthisperiod､wllichwasthecontinuumoIresearch､developmentandinlplementati()nofthedevelopin屑period、Ｔｈｃｇ()vernmeI1taImounrcdtI1eIlati()naldecIilrati()、【brenvironmcntal
conseハvali()ntocelebrateIhe20(hWorIdEnvironn】ｅｎｔＤ２ｌｙｉｎＪｕｎｅｌ９９２・Theelwironmental
educationwasinstitutionalizedwithinIhesch()()leducatiolMlIsystem・therebycausingKlctive
researchesanddevel(〕pmentsbytheMinistryofEduciltio、all。〔)therreseKlrchers．、Environmental
educationseriesIbreIemenIaryschools･ｉｌｎｄ･guidebookslt)rteacher＆（1992-1993)．coupledwiIh・therese8lrch＆devel()pmenllbrmiddIesch〔)()IenvironmentalIextbooks＆guidebooks（1993-1994)．
weredevclopedorc〔)nducted・Alsothercsearchonteaching＆learningmiddleschoolenvironmentaI
1extbooksandtheevaluationmethodswa：carriedoutinl994，

Ｔｈｅｍｏｓtimportantprogressinthisl)cri()disthcestabIishmentof・eIwironm(､nt・subjcc(siIlschooIcurriculum.~Environmenrinmiddlcsch(xDlsand~Environmentillscience薄inhighscIl(DoIs
wereimroducedasanindependenIseleclivecoursetoexpandtheopportuni【iesfbrstudents
systematicenvironmentaIeduciltion,Thiscontinuesloday､evenwiththe70l1nationnIcurricuIumis

beingimplcmented，AIsofbrpri1narvscll()()lsludenls,environmentaleduc8htioncanbeimpleme111ed

indiscretionalactMtiessincelIle6lhnati()nalcurricuIum1・

Theactivities（)fKOSEEarcmorespeciaIizedamdactiveinenviroI1mentaleducationre爵eilrch
Enchycar,theannualcontreI1cesarel)rovided8lndjournal3publisｂｅｄ(Tableｌ）Basedonthese

professionaIactiviliesinenvironmentdlleducati(〕I1researcll・tI1ethe()rcticaIrescarchesinthe
beginninRwhichemphasizetheneedorimportance(DIelwironmentaleducationevolvcdintovarious
researchareas＆uchasawilrenesssurvey、deveIol)ｍｅｎｔ＆evaIuati()ｎｏｆｅｄｕｃａ【ionalmateriaIs．
(eacbereducatioJUandresearcIl()nlearIlers．

lssuesIDfEmironmenIalEducati(DnResearchinKoDrea
WhatisenvironmemaIeducatioII？

BefOrediscussinHelwironmentaIeducalionresearch、deflninReIwironmenIaleducntionisI1ecded・
ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｎ〔)teasv・Environmentaleducalioniscomposedofv&lri〔)usIowerareasbasedonvarious
traditi()nsbccausee&lchenviroI1Inentalcducalioncmphasizesvariousinterpretati()nsandtraditions(Ｋｉｍ2002）

Whenlhelerm．･environmcntaleducKltion.,waslirstusedinthebeginningofthel970s、theconceptwascloseIyconnectedtonaturalenvironmentandnatureprotection、AIS(）itfbllowedlhe

tradition()fecoIo円ｙ(lIldfieldtrip(Goods〔〕n,1”3).SuchinHuencestiⅡremllinsandmHlnypeoplethinkthatlheknowledge＆mdunder帥andinlg（)［theprinciplesandconcepto「naturalcnvironmenlare
importantinenvir()nmentaIeducaliol１．１１()wevermaIwrecentrc§carchesonenvironmentaIeducKltion

expandi(salrea・AsaresuIt・problemsoMI噸.decisionmakinR､tbedevel()pmcntof§killandattiIude．
ｍoraIandethicsarebeingemphasize｡､ThiscoincideswitheducatiolllbrsustainablcdeveIopmcnt,
wIlichemphasizescriticaIthinkinRanddecisionmakil1gabiIityinvariousI()cHuIconlexts．

１，Ｋ()rea，、anyresearchersinthepa5Iputancn】pl1asis（DnresponsiI)IeenvironI】lentaIbeIl5wi〔)ｒIAlsoIt)rt1ledetaiI(JdcxpIanationrcHiurding、EIwiroI1IneI〕ｔ訓11)jcclinⅡICO''１－７１１$IlHIIi()nalcurriruIlImpleascsEctl1e
O

olllcrI〕aI)《,ｒ，ESDtIDr()ｌＩＲｈＥＥＩ)｢C&CｎｌｅｄｂｙＩｈ〔．ｓ狐Ｕｅｐｒ(P3clDlcr＿

ＥＮＶＤＰＯＭＶＥｊＶＴＡＬＥＤ〔ﾉＣＡＴｌＯＮ１ｙＯＬｌａＮＯ３

ﾉWID〔･【jJ】jLral】ｄＲｅｌ/ｊｊ"Ｍ】月Ｅｌ】ＷｍＪ】meJjIfj/Ｅｄ[にaljtDJ】Ｒ(，§(PardjjIlK()J-CrI

3７

Table１．ProIessionalAcliviliesofKoreanSocietyIorEnvi｢onmenIalEducation
YtDHUr

Ａ１ｍｗＵ］Ｔｈｃｍｅ

ＥＥＪｏｕＩ･nal

ＣＯ､他rcnc

No.of

PaPer

０

900

1sＩ

9９１

2m。

９

３rｄ

ＥＥｉｎＫｏｕ･ｃａｍｍ〔lNorIh･EastAsiKh：ＥＥｍＳｃｈｏｏｌｓ

Vb1.3

1８

993

４tｈ

AwarenessKMl〔1Ａc’ ｏｎｍＥＥ

ＷＬ4.5

`〕ワ

９９４

｡

EEinSclIooIs,Ｐｒｉ nleSeclorsan(lLocaICommuumlv

Vb1６．７

0〕ワ

９９５

６１ｈ

SII･engtheniuuglUE mSThcnlslbu･２IＣ

ＶｂＬ８

９

996

7t1１

InlbrmationKuul(ＩＣ Dbalizationo「ｌｉｌＭｂｒ２１Ｃ

VｂＬ９

６

997

8tｈ
Oth

Vb1.10(1,2）
ＷＬ１１(12）3１998

Develol)mentDfEEiHnScluools81､《】Society
EducatiolnibrRCcycIingandRcncwlng
ExpIoringEElbu･Ybulh
St【･engthcmlnlHEElbrthe7thNnIioBMhlCurriculuml
1()ｙｅａｒｓｗｉｌｌｌＫＯＳＥＥａｎｄＤｅｗ１()IＤｍｅｎｔｏｆＥＥｉｕｕ

ＷＬ１２(Ｌ２Ｉ-12

Vｂ ､１３(Ｌ２）2３InlbrmalEEHMudexI)erientialEE
ImprovementofEEu】uateHiaIs

Ⅶ .Ｍ(1.2）

2.1

Ⅶ ､１５(１２）1７Ｖｂ ､１６(１２）1３

Lea〔lershilDlbrEE

Vｂ ､17(１２）2４SustainabIeDcwlopmentandEE

ＷＬ１８(１２．３）

c〕

tｈ

１０ｌｂ
1９９９

１９０
６，，．
￣

SIraleRiesHhn〔IPz･aclicesofEEinI《Cu･eIq
lmpIcmc2】til収ＭＥ

Vb1．１

1８

ＶｂＬ２

９

3７

ｒｅａ

２０[)(）

ＡＩ

Ｉ１ｄ

2００１

ｎＩ

ｍｄ

2００２
2００３
2００４

ａＩ

ＡｆｌｂｃｔｉｖｅＤｏｍｍｎｉｎＥＥ

SustainableDcveloI〕ｍｅｎｔａｎｄＥＩ９

pI

StatuSan〔lViBi()IuofEEinOIhc1.Ｃ(〕uu11u･ieS

IMl

PKhrmcrshipiuDlbrmalEEandiIulbr1u1alEE

ＳＩ

１州
ワ､。

￣

Dovelopmenl⑪fEEmalerials

ＩＵｑｌ

Ｉ､。

2005

LeadershiplbrIBEInnovationI〕ast・Ｐｒｅｓｃｎｔａ【ＭＩＦｕｔｕｒＰｏｆＥＥｉ【uKorca
Ｅan･thCrisisaU1〔lＥＥ

base〔I（)I11heundersIilndinHofthcI〕rim(jI〕Ie＆＆ｃ〔)I1cel)tofnaturalelwironmenlrHltl1crlhnncritic(llthillkiI1鷹ｏｒｐｌｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ()lvingability・IIwasalsousedinjudgingthecfhct()fenvironlneI】mleducation
proHrams・However,receI1【Iyresear〔hcrswho(〕bjcc（（(DtheenvironmentaIcduca(ionlhattriesto

inducelI1edesirabIcelwir(DnmentaIbchavior（Lee，2002）orshowiIlteres［indeci5iollmakin悪or
problcmsoIvinjF(ＹｕＩ１＆Lee､2005)emerlged

HowcanresearchhelpenvironmenlHllcducatiom？

’「ｔｈｅｅＩｗｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｉｓthebridgeth511colmectsthcI)resentwitl1lheIuture・thesupl)orlingpoweriHelwirollmentalcducati()n．Ｉｎｏｔｈｃｒｗ()rds・ｉｔｈｅＩｌ〕ssupportIhebridReef血ctiwIv，Itincludes
devel(DpinRandevalualiI1Rvariousres〔)urcesmrinstI･uclion・reIev孔ntlenchinRandresearch（Former、
2001)．Researchisveryimp()rtantillall〔)ｆｔｈｅｓｃＰｅ()pｌｅｗｈｏｌｅａｄtIleeducauti〔)lUworldsh(〕uIddい'(J1(DplhecllrriculumandrencclIhemostrecenlresearchresuIlsｉＩｌＩｌｌｅｐｒ()(PC鵠（)fteachiIMX
te&lcIler時.Withoutmlleedassessment,HlI1ewprogmn】ｃ８１，.ｔｂｅｄｅｖｃｌ()I)ed，Ｗｈｅｎａｎｃｗｐｒ〔)lFramis
applied・theevaIuati(〕ｎｓｈｏｕＩｄｂｅｈ)11()ｗｅ。（ogetthcbeslresults・ＷｅｈＫｗｅｔ()checkIhecbangesthHlt
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(i()()dson､1Ｖ()ｒ(1993).Ｓ(､ﾙﾉ(ﾉﾉＳｌＩｌﾘ“/Ｍ１(ノロ,,.,j(･ＭＩＩ（''ＩＣﾉM"ｇｆ.TIleFiIln1erPres目:Ｌ()n.()IL11(lrt,Ｐ.＆Ｎ()Ian.Ｋ,（1999).AcriticビルlnHllysis〔)［reseHlrcllinenvir()nmcntilleducalioILSlM《９sj〃Ｓ〔､ｊ２"〔で戯/"《ｗ"("Ｌ34.1.69．

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EnvirollmelM1Educati()11.15(1)．

Mrazek.Ｒ・(1990).Ａﾉﾉﾋﾟ"Ｍ、．〔，臼lmJ卿〃〃l〃肌,ｊＭ""(ｿ11(ｲﾉfMlI(･(71ｍ〃Ｒ〔'ｗ(･ﾊ.ＮＡＡEIS・NalInSan円Jo(D1u(1995).Ｅ'１１WT'''''1《wr(ｌｌＥｔｍ(･(ｌｒｍ"・Dae-Ilaksa,Seoul・
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evidemce･EmDiJ⑩l『"u巴"『【JlEtfiIcmirjllR…nＭ1.7(3).207-320．
Robottoml.＆IInrt・Ｐ.（1993).Ｒ“mrclIi川勵10,"ｗＩ"ｌａＩｌ(ｌｌＥ伽にmii"l:Eng噸ingtheDebate･Dc51kin
University，

ＵＮＥＳＣＯ（2005）【ﾉ"i化JjVlTli⑥lNiDfc(IdCPｲﾘ・Edlにα"⑥J『んrSlIWiJMb化座１，elDJ，"JcjJf20D5-ﾉ０坪fDlT1/ｉ、雁"ＭｒｉｗｌｆｌＭ７叩化"jellIfljiDjJ此ﾉｗ“ＵＮＥＳＣＯ・Paris，
Yun・Ｈｏ・CIMm＆LeeJne-YounR(2005).Ｅｆ化ctsofatcacher’５opiniDnpresentaliononsludents・

deCi$io昨mnkingiJlncln鶉iJItroducingcnvimnmeI1tiIIissue:､川ｅ勘ｉｎ'i、"川【MllEtnImriw1.18(1).７０‐81.

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