Jane Austen: Becoming an “Author”̿̿ࢪ࢙࢖࣭࣮ࣥ࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡢࠕㄒࡾࠖ࡜ࠕᩍ⫱ࠖ̿̿(2)᝷㇂ ⨾ᬛᏊࠗศู࡜ከឤ࠘ࠗࣀ࣮ࢧ࣮࣭ࣥ࢞࢔࣋࢖࠘࡟⥆ࡃࠗศู࡜ከឤ࡛࠘ࡣࠊᣋㄽ(1)*࡟࠾࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࠗࣀ࣮ࢧ࣮࣭ࣥ࢞࢔࣋࢖࠘ࡢㄒࡾࡢᡓ␎ࠊࡘࡲࡾ఍ヰࡢᡭἲࡣࠊ㣕㌍ⓗ࡟㐍Ṍࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢసရ࡛ࡣࠊㅦ࠿ࡅࡣࠕస⪅㸦ࡢ㛗ᘚ⯉㸧ࠖᑐࠕㄞ⪅࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡴࡋࢁࠕⓏሙே≀ࠖᑐࠕㄞ⪅ࠖ࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡣస⪅ࡀㄞ⪅࡟ྥ࠿࠸ྜ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞┤᥋ⓗㄒࡾ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋⓏሙே≀ࡓࡕࡣࠊㄞ⪅ࡢ࡯࠺࡟ࡣぢྥࡁࡶࡋ࡞࠸࡛ࠊⓏሙே≀㛫ྠኈࡢ఍ヰ࡟ᑓᛕࡋࠊㄞ⪅ࡣᙼࡽࡢࡑࡤ࡛ࡦࡓࡍࡽ⪺ࡁ⪥ࢆࡓ࡚ࡿࡔࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾㄞ⪅ࡣࠊ࢔࣭ࣥࢤ࢖ࣜࣥ㸦Ann Gaylin㸧ࡢ⏝ㄒ࡛࠸࠼ࡤࠊ୍✀ࡢࠕ❧ࡕ⪺ࡁࠖ㸦“eavesdropping”㸧≧ែ࡟࠾࠿ࢀࠊࡑࡇ࡛ࡣㄞ⪅ࡣࡶࡗࡥࡽゎ㔘⾜Ⅽ࡟⢭ࢆฟࡍࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢤ࢖ࣜࣥࡣゝㄒᏛ⪅ࢢࣞ࢔࣭ ࣭ ࣭ ࣭ ࣭࣒࣭࣐ࢢ࣮ࣞ࢞㸦Graham McGregor㸧ࡢ◊✲ࢆᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ⪺ࡁᡭ⮬ࡽࡀ≀ㄒࢆ ๰ࡾୖࡆࡿ ࡇ࡜ࠖࡢ㔜せᛶࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ࣐ࢢ࣮ࣞ࢞ࡢ◊✲ᡂᯝ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊࠕ❧ࡕ⪺ࡁࡍࡿ࡜ࡁࠊ⪺ࡃ⪅ࡢ཯ᛂࡢ㸱ศࡢ㸰௨ୖࡣゎ㔘⾜Ⅽ࡛༨ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㔜せ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓゎ㔘⾜Ⅽࡢ኱༙ࡀ₃ࢀ⪺࠸ࡓ఍ヰ࣭ ࣭ ࣭ ࣭ ࣭ࡢ➽㐨ࢆ㏻ࡍࡓࡵࠊ⪺ࡁᡭ⮬ࡽࡀ≀ㄒࢆ ๰ࡾୖࡆࡿ ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ㸦Gaylin 27㸧࡜࠸࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋཝᐦ࡟࠸࠼ࡤࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡢ఍ヰࡢሙྜࡣࠊᙜ↛ࠊ⌧ᐇࡢ❧ࡕ⪺ࡁ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣసᐙ࡟ࡼࡾㄞ⪅࡟ 100 ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾྍ⬟࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚♧ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡔࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡢ࢔࢖ࣟࢽ࣮ࡣ⚄ฟ㨣ἐ࡛ࠊ࡝ࡇ࡟₯ࡲࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿Ἔ᩿ࡀ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡽ࡟⪥ࢆ⃈ࡲࡏ࡚సᐙࡢෆ⥴ヰࢆ⪺ࡁྲྀࢁ࠺࡜ࡍࡿㄞ⪅ഃࡢࠕゎ㔘⾜Ⅽࠖࡣࠊ✚ᴟⓗ࡟࡞ࡽࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣస⪅ࡀᨾព࡟ኌࢆࡦࡑࡵࠊㄞ⪅ࡣ࡞࠾ࡉࡽ࡟ゎ㔘⾜Ⅽ࡬࡜㌟ࢆ஌ࡾฟࡋ࡚ࡃࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠗศู࡜ከឤ࠘࡟࠾ࡅࡿ఍ヰࡢᡭἲ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡍ࡛࡟⪃ᐹࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛㸦᝷㇂ࠗඹㅛ⪅࠘110-31)ࠊ࠸ࡕ࠾࠺ࠊ௦⾲ⓗ࡞఍ヰࡔࡅ⡆༢࡟⤂௓ࡋࠊᮏㄽ࡛ࡣࠊ᪂ࡓ࡟࣮࣒࣍ࢬࡢ♫఍ゝㄒᏛ࡜ࣟࣅ࣭ࣥࢲࣥࣂ࣮㸦Robin Dunbar㸧ࡢ㐍໬ே㢮Ꮫ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⌧௦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ◊✲ࢆࡑࡇ࡟஺ᕪࡉࡏ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋࠗศู࡜ከឤ࠘࡟࠾ࡅࡿ఍ヰ࡜࠸࠼ࡤࠊࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࢲࢵࢩࣗ࢘ࢵࢻ㸦John Dashwood㸧ኵጔࡢ఍ヰ㸦vol.
1, chap. 2㸧ࡣ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋኵࢪࣙࣥࡣஸ∗ࡢ㑇ゝࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓୡ㛫యࡶ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ࠊ⩏⌮ࡢጒ࡛࠶ࡿ୺ேබࡢ࢚ࣜࢼ࣭ࢲࢵࢩࣗ࢘ࢵࢻ㸦Elinor Dashwood㸧ࡓࡕ࡟ 3,000 ࣏ࣥࢻࢆ୚࠼ࡼ࠺࡜ጔ࡟ᥦ᱌ࡍࡿࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡣࡌࡲࡗࡓ୧ேࡢᑐヰࡣࠊጔഃࡢ “Certainly”, “To be sure”, “Undoubtedly”, ࡑࡋ࡚ኵഃࡢ “That is very true”, “I believe you are right”࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᑐヰ⪅ྠኈࡢࡶࡗࡥࡽྠពࡢ
ゝⴥ࡛㐍⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࡔࡀࠊࢃࢀࢃࢀㄞ⪅ࡀ᭱ᚋ࡟ྲྀࡾṧࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊసᐙࡢ఍ヰࡢࣞࢺࣜࢵࢡ㸦ࢺࣜࢵࢡ㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡌࡓᩥᏐ㏻ࡾࡢ “hole” ࡛ࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶࠊኵ࡟ࡼࡾᙜึࠊᥦ᱌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡣ
ࡎࡢࠕ3,000 ࣏ࣥࢻࠖࡣ᭱ᚋ࡟ࡣ㊧ᙧࡶ࡞ࡃᾘኻࡋ࡚↓࡟ᖐࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ࣐ࢪࢵࢡࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡣࠊ࡜ࡾࡶ࡞࠾ࡉࡎᕦጁ࡟ᙇࡾᕠࡽࡉࢀࡓ⨜ࠊ࢚ࣜࢼࡓࡕࡀ“nocarriage”, “no houses”, “hardly any servants”, “no company” ࡜࠸࠺ࠊ࡞࠸࡞࠸ᑾࡃࡋࡢࠊษࡾワࡵࡓ⏕άࢫࢱ࢖ࣝ࡟⏑ࢇࡎࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࠊ࡜࠸࠺㸦࢚ࣜࢼࡓࡕᙜ஦⪅ࡢពྥࢆࡲࡗࡓࡃ↓どࡋࡓࠊࡇࡢጔࡢࡼࡗ࡚࿘฿࡟᤬ࡾฟࡉࢀࡓ㸧௜ᖏ᮲௳ࡺ࠼࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ጔࡣ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࠊ࢚ࣜࢼࡓࡕ࡟ࡣࠕ࠸࠿࡞－1－ࡿᨭฟࡢᚲせࡶ࠶ࡾ࠼࡞࠸ࠖ࡜⤖ㄽ࡙ࡅࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ఍ヰࡢഃ㠃࡛ࡳࢀࡤࠊጔࡢኵ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࡇࡢഇ⿦ࡢྠㄪࡣࠊኵࢆㄝᚓࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡣࠊࡴࡋࢁᑐヰ┦ᡭ࡛࠶ࡿኵࡢព㆑ୗ࡟࠶ࡿᡃḧࢆࠊጔࡀ௦ᘚࡍࡿࠊ࡜࠸࠺఍ヰࡢᢏᕦ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᡂࡾ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᑐヰ⪅ྠኈࡢ⥭ᐦ࡞ព㆑ࢆᙇࡾᕠࡽࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ఍ヰࡣࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡢᢏᕦ࡟≉ᚩⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⊂≉ࡢᩥᏛⓗຠᯝࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣ࠶ࡿព࿡ࠊࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࠊ⌧௦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࣮࣒࣍ࢬࡢ♫఍ゝㄒᏛⓗ࡞◊✲ᡂᯝ㸦᝷㇂ࠕࠗㄒࡾ࠘࡜ࠗᩍ⫱࠘ࠖ(1)㸧ࢆඛྲྀࡾࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶㄞࡳྲྀࡾྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୗ࡟࣮࣒࣍ࢬࡢㄽᩥ࠿ࡽࠊ⏨ዪࡢ఍ヰ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᛶᕪ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢゝཬࢆ୍㒊ᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ
Researches analyzing the functions of different utterances have found that men tend tocontribute more information and opinions, while women contribute more agreeing, supportive
talk, more of the kind of talk that encourages others to contribute. So men’s talk tends to be
more referential or informative, while women’s talk is more supportive and facilitative.
Overall, then, women seem to use talk to develop personal relationships and maintain family
connections and friendships more often than to make claims to status or to directly influenceothers in public contexts. (45)࣮࣒࣍ࢬࡢ㆟ㄽࢆ㏱࠿ࡋ࡚ࢲࢵࢩࣗ࢘ࢵࢻኵጔࡢ఍ヰࢆࡳ࡚ࡳࢀࡤࠊࡇࡢኵ፬ࡢㄯヰ࡟ࡶࠊ࣮࣒࣍ࢬࡢᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࠕ⏨ࡢㄯヰࠖ㸦“men’s talk”㸧ࡢᵝ┦ࡀ࠸ࡃࡪࢇࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋᅔ❓ࡍࡿ㌟ෆࢆ᥼ຓࡋࡼ࠺࡜࠸
࠺ᙼࡢ⏦ࡋฟ࡟ࡣࠊᙼ⮬㌟ࡢㄔព࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡣࠊࡴࡋࢁୡ㛫య࡟ᑐࡍࡿᛮᝨࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡀぢ࠼㞃ࢀࡍࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋኵࡢゝⴥ࡟ࡣ♫఍ⓗᆅ఩ࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡲࡓࡑࢀࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࠊୡ㛫࡬ࡢྲྀࡾ⧋࠸ࡀぢ㛫㐪࠸ࡼ࠺ࡢ࡞࠸ᙧ࡛ฟ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡣࡲࡉࡋࡃ࣮࣒࣍ࢬࡢ࠸࠺“public talk” (44) ࡢᘏ㛗ୖ࡟࠶ࡿࠋ௚᪉ࠊ
ጔ࡜࠸࠼ࡤࠊᙼዪࡶࡲࡓࠊ࣮࣒࣍ࢬࡢ㆟ㄽࡢ࡞࠿࡛᫂ᛌ࡟ࡉࢀࡓࠕዪࡢゝㄝࠖ(“women’s talk”) ࡢ࣮ࣝࣝࢆᛅᐇ࡟㋃くࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙼዪࡣ㋃くࡋࠊ࠿ࡘࡑࡢᙉࡳࢆࡋࡓࡓ࠿࡟฼⏝ࡋ࡚ࡶ࠸ࡿࠋᙼዪࡢࠕ㢔ࡁࠖࠊࠕຊ࡙ࡅࠖࡣࠊヰࡋ┦ᡭ࡛࠶ࡿኵࢆ఍ヰ࡟ᘬࡁධࢀࡿࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ☜ᐇ࡟⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢ㨦⫹࡬࡜ࠕỈࢆྥࡅࡿࠖ㸦“encourage”㸧ࡶࡢ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝ጔഃࡢㄽ⌮࡛࠸ࡅࡤࠊࠕ3,000 ࣏ࣥࢻࠖࢆࢮࣟ࡟ࡍࡿ࡝ࡇࢁ࠿ࠊ࣐࢖ࢼࢫ࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡉ࠼ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ⏕άࢆษࡾワࡵࡽࢀࠕ࠾㔠ࡢ౑࠸㐨ࡢ࡞࠸ࠖ≧ἣ࡟㏣࠸ࡸࡽࢀࡓ࢚ࣜࢼࡓࡕࡣ㸦ጔࡢゝⴥ࣭ ࣭ ࣭࣭࣭࣭ ࣭࣭࣭ ࣭ࢆ೉ࡾࢀࡤࠊࡲࡉࡋࡃ㸧ࠕ࠶࡞ࡓ 㸦ኵ 㸧ࡢ ࡯࠺ ࡟ ࡇࡑ ࠊ࡞࡟࠿ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ࡚ࡶࡼࡉࡑ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࠖ㸦“Theywill be much able to give you something.”㸧(12) ࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙼዪࡢ఍ヰࡀ┠ᣦࡍࡢࡣࠊኵࡀᣢࡕฟࡋࡓࠕ3,000 ࣏ࣥࢻࠖ㸦࡜࠸࠺ࠕᥦ᱌ࠖ㸧ࢆࠊ༢࡟ࢮࣟᆅⅬ࡟ࡲ࡛㈘ࡵࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡼࡾඛ࡟࠶ࡿࠕ࣐࢖ࢼࢫࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࠊヰ⪅ࡓࡕ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊᏳ඲ࡢࢲ࣓ᢲࡋࢆ⣙᮰ࡍࡿࡣࡿ࠿࡞ᆅⅬ࡟ࡲ࡛㏣࠸ࡸࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋጔࡣࠊࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࣂࣝࢺࡢゝⴥࢆ೉ࡾࢀࡤࡲࡉ࡟ࠕ᭱ᚋࡢゝⴥࠖ
㸦“the last word”㸧
㸦Barhtes,Discourse 207-208㸧ࡢ⋓ᚓ⪅࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾព࿡ࢆᨭ㓄ࡋࠊ࠿ࡘᡴࡕࡢࡵࡋࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛࠸ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡍ࡭࡚࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㐠࿨ࢆỴࡍࡿே࡜࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸲 ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡀ๰㐀ࡋࡓࠕጔࠖࡣࠊࠕኵࠖ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᅽಽⓗ຾฼ࢆ཰ࡵࡿࡢࡔࡀࠊࡇࡢጔࡢ຾ᅉ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ♫఍ゝㄒᏛࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ⌧௦⛉Ꮫࡢ௚ࡢศ㔝ࠊࡓ࡜࠼ࡤே㢮Ꮫⓗぢᆅ࠿ࡽࡶ⯆࿡῝࠸ࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋゝㄒࡢⓎ⏕⮬యࡀዪࡢࢦࢩࢵࣉ࡟※ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺௬ㄝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࡙ࡃࢁ㐍໬ே㢮Ꮫ⪅ࣟࣅ࣭ࣥࢲࣥࣂ࣮࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶゝㄒ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣࠊࠕ㡢ኌࢆ౑ࡗࡓẟ ⧋ ࠸ࠖ(“vocalgrooming”) ࢆ㉳※࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㢮ே⊷ࡢ⩌ࢀࡣࠊつᶍࡀቑ኱ࡍࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚ࠕ⫗యⓗ࡞ẟ⧋࠸ࠖ
㸦“physical grooming”㸧࡜࠸࠺ࠊᚑ᮶ࡢ㢮ே⊷ྠኈࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᡭẁ࡜ࡋ࡚࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣࠊᑐฎࡋࡁࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡢࡔࡀࠊࡑࢀࢆ⿵࠺ࡓࡵ࡟ࠕ㡢ኌࢆ౑ࡗࡓẟ⧋࠸ࠖ
㸦“vocal grooming”㸧

－2－

(115) ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ✲ᴟⓗ࡟ࡣゝㄒࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀฟ⌧ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢲࣥࣂ࣮ࡢ௬ㄝࡀ┿ᐇ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࠊࠕẟ⧋࠸ࠖࡢ㐍໬࡜ࡋ࡚Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓゝㄒࡀࠊෆᐜⓗ࡟ࡣࠊ㞝ྠኈࡢ⊁⊟ࡢࡓࡵࡢ᝟ሗఏ㐩࡛࠶ࡿࡼࡾࡣࠊᐇࡣࡴࡋࢁࡶࡗ࡜♫஺ⓗព࿡ྜ࠸ࢆࡶࡘ㞤ྠኈࡢࢦࢩࢵࣉ࡟ࡑࡢ※ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿࢲࣥࣂ࣮ࡢㄝࡶ㢔ࡅࡼ࠺(79, 149)ࠋ5
If females formed the core of these earliest human groups, and language evolved to bandthese groups, it naturally follows that the early human females were the first to speak. This
reinforces the suggestion that language was first used to create a sense of emotional solidarity
between allies. . . . among modern humans, women are generally better at verbal skills thanmen, as well as being more skillful in the social domain. (149)ࡶࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㐍໬ே㢮Ꮫ⪅ࡢ᠈ ࢆಙࡌࡿ࡜ࡍࢀࡤࠊࢲࢵࢩࣗ࢘ࢵࢻኵேࡀㄽதࡢ຾⪅࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣゝㄒࡢⓎ⏕ⓗほⅬ࠿ࡽࡶ⌮࡟࠿࡞࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣᙼዪࡢヰ⾡ࡀࠊኵ࡜࠸࠺ࠕྠ┕⪅㛫ࡢ㐃ᖏឤࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍࠖࡢ࡟᭱኱ࡢຠᯝࢆⓎ᥹ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ 200 ᖺ๓࡟࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡀᵓ⠏ࡋࡓୡ⏺ࡣࠊ⌧௦ࡢ⛉Ꮫ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶ⿬௜ࡅࡉࢀࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡔࡀࠊࡶࡋ⛉Ꮫ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀࠊே㛫ࡀྂࡃ࠿ࡽ₍↛࡜ឤࡌྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⤒㦂▱ࠊᬯ㯲▱ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࢆࠊࡉࡽ࡟ཝᐦ࠿ࡘ┤᥋ⓗ࡞ゝⴥ࡛෌ⓎぢࡍࡿႠࡳ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡢᩥᏛࡶࡲࡓ࠶ࡿⅬ࡛ࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡶࡢࠊࡘࡲࡾே㛫ࡀ᪥ᖖࡢ⏕άࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡍ࡛࡟஢ゎࡎࡳࡢ⤒㦂▱ࠊᬯ㯲▱࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢࢆ෌ⓎぢࡍࡿႠࡳ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡓࡔࡋᙼዪࡢሙྜࠊࡑࡢ෌Ⓨぢࡢ㐣⛬ࡣࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ㏻࣭ ࣭ ࣭ᖖࡢ⛉Ꮫ࡜ࡣ㏫ࡢࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡣࡴࡋࢁࠕཝᐦ࠿ࡘ┤᥋ⓗ࡞ゝⴥࠖࢆ㦵ᢡࡗ࡚ 㑊ࡅࡿ ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࡞ࡉࢀࡿ㢮ࡢࡶࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙼዪࡣࠕసᐙࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚᭩ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚෌Ⓨぢࢆヨࡳ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡶࡑࡢࠕ෌Ⓨぢࠖࡣࠊゎ㔘⾜Ⅽࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ㄞ⪅ࢆࡶࡲࡓᕳࡁ㎸ࡴࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡔࠋ ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥ࡟ࡼࡿ఍ヰࡢᢅ࠸ࡢ౛ࢆࡶ࠺୍ࡘᣲࡆࢀࡤࠊ࢚ࢻ࣮࣡ࢻ࣭ࣇ࢙ࣛࢫ㸦Edward Ferras㸧ࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ᜊࡢࣛ࢖ࣂࣝྠኈ࡜࡞ࡿ࢚ࣜࢼ࡜࣮ࣝࢩ࣮࣭ࢫࢸ࢕࣮ࣝ㸦Lucy Steel㸧ࡢᑐヰ㸦vol.2, chap.
2㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣࠊᑐヰࡢ┦ᡭࢆ᥈ࡾࡘࡘࠊ⮬ࡽࡣỴࡋ࡚᥈ࡽࡏ࡞࠸ࠊ࡜࠸࠺఍ヰࡢேⅭⓗ࡞୍᪉㏻⾜ࢆㅛࡿᴟពࡀᝰࡋࡆࡶ࡞ࡃ㛤♧ࡉࢀࠊ୧⪅ࡢ఍ヰ࡛ࡣࠊ࠸ࢃࡤ⭡࡟୍≀࠶ࡿ⪅ྠኈࡢ఍ヰᣦ༡᭩ࡢ㊃ࡍࡽ࿊ࡍࡿ㸦᝷㇂ࠗඹㅛ⪅࠘119㸧ࠋࡑࢀࡣࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ௨ୗ࡟ᘬ⏝ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠊM࣭࣓ࣝࣟ=࣏ࣥࢸ࢕㸦M.
Merleau-Ponty㸧ࡢᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࠕᑐヰࡢᮏ㉁ࠖࢆ཯㌿ࡉࡏࡿࠋIn the experience of dialogue, there is constituted between the other person and myself acommon ground; my thought and his are interwoven into a single fabric, my words and those of
my interlocutor are called forth by the state of discussion, and they are inserted into a shared
operation of which neither of us is the creator. . . . we are collaborators for each other inconsummate reciprocity. (357)࣓ࣝࣟ=࣏ࣥࢸ࢕ࡢ࠸࠺ࠊᑐヰ⪅ྠኈࡢࠕ༠ຊ㛵ಀࠖࢆ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡣࠊ཯㌿ࡉࡏࠊ㝜⏬࡟ࡋ࡚ࡳࡏࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡿ࢚ࣜࢼ࡜࣮ࣝࢩ࣮ࡢ఍ヰࡣࠊ๓㏙ࡋࡓࢲࢵࢩࣗ࢘ࢵࢻኵጔࡢሙྜࡢࡼ࠺࡞ྠᚿ࡛࠶ࡿ┦஫฼┈⪅㛫ࠊࡘࡲࡾ࣓ࣝࣟ=࣏ࣥࢸ࢕ࡢゝⴥࢆ౑࠼ࡤࠊࠕ᏶඲࡞஫ᜨ㛵ಀࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟࠶ࡿ༠ຊ⪅ࠖ(“collaborators for each other in consummate reciprocity”)㛫ࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋྰࠊࡑࢀ࡝ࡇࢁ࠿ࠊᙼዪࡓࡕࡢᩛᑐ㛵ಀࡣࡑࢀ࡜ࡣᑐᴟ࡟࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㝜⏬ࡣࡲࡓ᪂ࡓ࡞ព࿡ࢆᖏࡧࡣࡌࡵ࡚ࡁࡣࡋ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ࠶ࡿព࿡࡛ᙼዪࡓࡕࡣ౫↛ࠕ༠ຊ⪅࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡣኚࢃࡾ࡞࠸ࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶࠊ࢚ࣜࢼࠊ࣮ࣝࢩ࣮࡜࠸࠺ዲᩛᡭྠኈࡢ⥭ᐦ࡞㛵ಀᛶࡣࠊ᪂ࡓ࡟ゝⴥࡢ⇚Ⅿ࡞㜚ᢏሙࡢᵝ┦ࢆᙧ࡙ࡃࡾࡣࡌࡵࠊࢸࢡ࣭ ࣭࣭ࢫࢺࡢᩥᏛຠᯝࡢ⏘ฟࠊ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡣࠊస⪅ ࡢ ࠕ༠ຊ⪅ࠖࠊࡋ࠿ࡶࠕ↓㢮ࡢ༠ຊ⪅ࠖ࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋ

－3－ࠗ㧗៏࡜೫ぢ࠘ࡇࡇ࡛㆟ㄽࢆࠗ㧗៏࡜೫ぢ࠘࡟ࡲ࡛㐍ࡵࡼ࠺ࠋୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᑐヰࡢᢏἲࡣࠗศู࡜ከឤ࡛࠘࡯ࡰ☜❧ࡍࡿࡢࡔࡀࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡢ๓ᮇసရࡢ᭱㧗ᓠࠗ㧗៏࡜೫ぢ࠘࡟࠸ࡓࡗ࡚ࠊࣂࣝࢺࡢ࠸࠺ࠕ㑅ᢥࠖ࡜ࠕ㦵ᢡࡾࠖ࡟ࡣࡉࡽ࡟☻ࡁࡀ࠿ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢᴟ⮴ࡣࠊ␲࠸ࡶ࡞ࡃࠗ㧗៏࡜೫ぢ࠘ෑ㢌ࡢ᭱ึࡢ୍⠇ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡣཝᐦ࡟࠸࠼ࡤࠊ఍ヰ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋస⪅⮬㌟ࡢㄒࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟ࠕ఍ヰࠖⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶࠊసᐙࡣࠊㄞ⪅ࡢ཯ㄽࢆᢎ▱࡛ࠊྰࠊࡑࡢ཯ㄽࢆࡇࡑ㢗ࡳ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊゝⴥࢆᢞࡆ࠿ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞࡜ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽࡔࠋ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡣᐇࡣୡ㛫ࡢୗୡヰ࡞ᛮᝨࡢ㝜࡟ࡲࢇࡲ࡜㌟ࢆ㞃ࡋࠊࡲࡓࡶࡸㄞ⪅ࢆ┦ᡭ࡟ᑐヰࢆࡣࡌࡵࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
i.

“Rightful Property”㸰ேࡢࠕᩍ⫱⪅ࠖɆɆ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥ࡜ࢧ࣑࢚࣭ࣗࣝࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࣜࢳࣗ࢔ࣝࠗ㧗៏࡜೫ぢ࠘ෑ㢌ࡢ୍⠇ࡣࠊࡇࡢసရࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊࠕ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࠖࢆㄒࡿ㝿ࡢ୍✀ࡢ ൤ ᘧ ࡜໬ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡇ࡜ࡉࡽ࡟ᘬ⏝ࡍࡿࡢࡶ㌋㌉ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡔࡀࠊࡇࡢࣇ࣮ࣞࢬ࡯࡝ࠕ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࠖࢆㄒ
ࡿ࡟ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࡣ௚࡟࠶ࡲࡾ౛ࢆ▱ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡇ࡟ࡣ࠸ࢃࡤᖖ࡟ᜥࢆ྿ࡁ㏉ࡍࡢࢆᚅࡕᵓ࠼₯ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ⏕ࡁ≀ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ከ⩏ᛶ㸦ࡵ࠸ࡓࡶࡢ㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࡇࡢࡃࡔࡾ࡟ࠊヨࡋ࡟୍ࡘࡢどⅬࠊࠕࢧ࣑࢚࣭ࣗࣝࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࠖ㸦“Samuel Johnson”㸧ࢆᢞࡌ࡚ࡳࢀࡤ࡝࠺ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡣ࠸ࢃࡎ࡜ࡋࢀࡓ 18 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙ࡢ࢖ࢠࣜࢫᩥቭࡢ୰ᚰே≀࡛ࠊᙼࡢ⦅⧩࡟ࡼࡿࠗⱥㄒ㎡඾࠘(A Dictionary of the EnglishLanguage,1755) ࡣࠊࡑࡢᚋ㸯ୡ⣖௨ୖ࡟ரࡗ࡚㎡᭩⦅⧩ࡢせ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ▱ࡢᕧே࡜ࡶ࠸࠼ࡿࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡢಶᛶ⁄ࢀࡿே≀ീࡣࠊᙼࢆᖌ࡜ះ࠺ࢪ࢙࢖࣒ࢬ࣭࣎ࢬ࢙࢘ࣝ㸦James Boswell㸧ࡀⴭࡋࡓࠗࢧ࣑࢚࣭ࣗࣝࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥఏ࠘㸦The Life of Samuel Johnson, 1791㸧࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡢࡔࡀࠊ
ࡑࡢఏグࡣࡲࡓࠊᩍ⫱⪅ࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡢゝⴥࢆ㸺⏕ᚐ㸼࡛࠶ࡿ࣎ࢬ࢙࢘ࣝࡀ᭩ࡁ෗ࡋࡓࠊ࠸ࢃࡤㅮ⩏㘓ࡢ
㊃ࡶ࿊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠕⴭ㏙ᐙࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥ࡜ࠊࠕసᐙࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥ
ࢆẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ⤖ㄽࢆඛྲྀࡾࡋ࡚࠸࠼ࡤࠊ୧⪅ࡣ✲ᴟⓗ࡟ࡣࡲࡓࠕᩍ⫱⪅ࠖ࡟ࡶ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࡲࡎࡣࠊࠗ㧗៏࡜೫ぢ࠘ࡢෑ㢌࠿ࡽࡳ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ
It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune,
must be in want of a wife.
However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering aneighbourhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he isconsidered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters.(3) ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡢᙳ㡪ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᩥయ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ Johnsonese ࡣࡼࡃᣦ᦬ࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡔࡀࠊୖ࡟ᣲࡆࡓᘬ⏝ࡢ᭱ᚋࡢ୍ᩥࠊࡘࡲࡾࠊ㈈⏘࠶ࡿ⊂㌟⏨ᛶࡀ㏆㞄ࡢፉࡓࡕࡢࠕṇᙜ࡞ᡤ᭷≀ࠖ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡃࡔࡾ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡢ “rightful property”ࢆࠊࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥ⮬㌟ࡢ࠸࠺“property”࡜୪ิࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡢ㸺⏕ࡁ≀㸼ࡣࡉࡗࡑࡃ࿧྾ࢆࡣࡌࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕
ࣥࡢࡇࡢ୍⠇ࡣࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛༑ศࠊ⯆࿡῝࠸ࡢࡣ࠸࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡢࡔࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡢࢸ࣮࣐㸦ࠕⴭ㏙ᐙࠖ࡜ࠕసᐙࠖ㸧ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࠕࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࠖࢆᢞධࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊⓎᩓࡍࡿព࿡ࡣࡉࡽ࡟ᕦጁ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
“No man is by nature the property of another.”㸦Boswell 619㸧ɆɆࡇࢀࡣࠊ㸦ࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ࡛㯮ேያ㞔ࡢᘚㆤࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸧ࢪ࢙࢖࣒ࢬ࣭࣎ࢬ࢙࢘ࣝ㸦James Boswell㸧ࡢồࡵ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ࠊࢪࣙ
ࣥࢯࣥࡀㄽドࢆཱྀᤵࠊࡘࡲࡾཱྀ⛣ࡋ࡛ᩍ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢ୍㒊࡛࠶ࡾࠊᖌ࡛࠶ࡿࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡣያ㞔ไᗘ࡟཯ᑐࡍࡿ⮬ࡽࡢ┿㠃┠࡞ಙᛕࠊពぢࢆᘵᏊࡢ࣎ࢬ࢙࢘ࣝ࡟ᩍ♧ࡍࡿྎモ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

－4－

“It must be agreed that in most ages many countries have had part of their inhabitants in astate of slavery; yet it may be doubted whether slavery can ever be supposed the natural
condition of man.

It is impossible not to conceive that men in their original state wereequal . . . Inhabitants of this island can neither gain riches nor power by taking away theOLEHUW\ RI DQ\ SDUW RI WKH KXPDQ VSHFLHV  7KH VXP RI WKH DUJXPHQW LV WKLVɆ1R PDQ LV E\nature the property of another . . .”(September 23, 1777)( Boswell 619)ࠕఱேࡶࠊᮏ᮶ࠊ௚ேࡢᡤ᭷≀࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࠊያ㞔ࢆᛕ㢌࡟࠾࠸ࡓࡑࡢࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡢ⪃࠼࠿ࡓࡣ⮳ᴟṇᙜ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥ࡟࠿࠿ࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࡇ࡟ࡣ࠸ࡉࡉ࠿ࡢኚ᭦ࡀ௜ࡅຍ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡢ࠸࠺ࠕఱேࡶࠖ࠿ࡽࡣࠊࠕ㈈⏘࠶ࡿ⊂㌟⏨ᛶࠖࡀࠊ኱ࡗࡨࡽ࡟㝖እࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡀࠊࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡢゝⴥ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡢ୍⠇ࢆᐇ㝿࡟ㄞࢇ࡛࠸ࡓ࠿ྰ࠿ࡣู࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ㸴 ᙜ᫬ࠊࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡢゝㄝ࡟ぶࡋࢇ࡛࠸ࡓ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ୍⯡ㄞ⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࡇࡢ“property”ࢆࡵࡄࡿ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡢࣃࣟࢹ࢕ⓗຠᯝࡣ┦ᙜ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࢁ࠺㸦᝷㇂ࠗWeb ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ࠘34-35㸧ࠋ⌧௦ࡢ୍⯡ㄞ⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊࡇࢀࡽ஧✀㢮ࡢ“property”ࡀ୪ิࡉࢀࢀࡤࠊྠᵝࡢຠᯝࡀᐇឤ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛
ࡣᕧ㌣ࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡢࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡶࠊࡇࡢࠕ⑭ࡏࡗࡱࡕࡢዪࡢᏊࠖ(Garrod 40, ᝷㇂͆A slip of a girl”)࡛࠶
ࡿ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥ ࡟ࡼࡗ୍࡚Ẽ࡟⦰ᑠࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡢࡇࡢゝཬࡣ┤⿢࡛ࠊⰋ㆑ⓗ࡞ࠊࡲࡉࡋࡃࠕⴭ㏙ᐙࠖⓗព࿡ྜ࠸ࢆࡶࡘࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡔࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡢࠕసᐙࠖⓗ࡞ゝㄝ㸦࢚ࢡࣜࢳ࣮ࣗࣝ㸧࡜୪ิࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊぢ஦࡟ࠊ࠸ࢃࡤࠕ㣗ࢃࢀ࡚ࠖࡋࡲ࠺ࠋ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡢゝㄝࡣࠕࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࠖ㸦ࡢಙᛕ㸧ࢆෆ࡟ໟྵࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡉࡽ࡟ᙉ㠌࡞ࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡢゝⴥࡣ☜࠿࡟ఱேࡶ཯㥍࡛ࡁ࡞࠸Ⰻ㆑࡛࠶ࡾࠊᓫ㧗࡞┿⌮࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௚᪉ࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡢࣃࣟࢹ࢕ࡣࠊ⌧ᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊࡇ࠺࠸࠸┤ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡢࣃࣟࢹ࢕ࡣࠊࠕᬑ㐢ⓗ┿⌮࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡢゝⴥࡣࠊࡔࢀࡋࡶㄆࡵࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠸ࠊ☜ᅛࡓࡿࠕᬑ㐢ⓗ┿⌮ࠖ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ▱ࡢᕧேࠊࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡢṇᙜ࡞ࠕᬑ㐢ⓗ┿⌮ࠖ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡉ࠼ࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡣ⊂⮬ࡢࠕᬑ㐢ⓗ┿⌮ࠖࢆᡴࡕ❧࡚ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸦࠸ࢃࡎࡶࡀ࡞ࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࠶ࢁ࠺ࡀ㸧ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࣃࣟࢹ࢕ࡣ༢࡞ࡿ᥾ᥟ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣࡴࡋࢁ
㏫࡟ࠊࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡢ୺ᙇࡍࡿࠕ୓ேࡢᖹ➼ࠖࠊࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥ⮬㌟ࡢゝⴥ㸦࡜ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ㸧࡛࠸࠼ࡤࠊࠕఱேࡶࠊᮏ᮶ࠊ௚ேࡢᡤ᭷≀࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖ࡟㎸ࡵࡽࢀࡓࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡢಙᛕ࡟ࡉ࠼ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋ
ࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝ⱝ࠸ፉࡓࡕ㸦࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊፉࡓࡕࡢぶ㸧ࡢ㨦⫹ࡢ༝಑ࡉࡣࠊୡ಑ⓗ࡛ຌ฼ⓗ࡟㡪ࡃࠋࡑࡇ࡟ࡣస⪅࡛࠶ࡿ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥ⮬㌟ࡢ㨦⫹ࡶᙜ↛ㄞࡳྲྀࢀ࡚ࠊㄞ⪅࠿ࡽ➗࠸ࢆᘬࡁฟࡍࡢࡔࡀࠊࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡣྠ᫬࡟୍➗࡟௜ࡍ࡭ࡁࡶࡢ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࠕ㈈⏘࠶ࡿ⊂㌟⏨ᛶࠖ㸦“a single man inpossession of a good fortune”㸧ࡢ☜ಖࡣࠊ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝ᙼዪࡓࡕࡢ༝಑࡞ୡ▱࡟ࡕࡀ࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡑࢀ࡞ࡋ࡛ࡣፉࡓࡕࡣ⮬ࡽࡢᏑᅾࡶ༴ࡪࡲࢀࡿ≧ἣ࡟࠸ࡿࡢࡔࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡀያ㞔࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ᥦ㉳ࡋࡓၥ㢟࡟ࡉ࠼㏻ᗏࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢፉࡓࡕࡶࡲࡓࠊያ㞔ྠᵝࠊࡣࡓࡋ࡚ே㛫ࡀᮏ᮶࠶ࡿ࡭ࡁࠕ⮬↛ࡢ≧ែ࡟࠸ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠖࠋࠗ㧗៏࡜೫ぢ࠘ࡢࡇࡢ୍⠇ࡣ୍᪉࡛ࡣࠊㄞ⪅ࡢ➗࠸࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ
࠸ࢃࡤᾘ㈝ࡉࢀ࡞ࡀࡽࡶࠊ௚᪉࡛ࡣࠊ㝜⏬࡜ࡋ࡚ᙜ᫬ࡢዪࡓࡕࡢቃ㐝ࢆ࠸ࡳࡌࡃࡶ↎ࡾฟࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡶࡋࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡢ㸺ᑠㄝ㸼ࡣࠊࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡢゝㄝࠊ኱ཎ๎࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠊ⣽๎ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡶㄞࡳྲྀࡾྍ⬟࡜࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝ࡑࢀࡣࡉࡉࡸ࠿࡞ࠊᩥᏐ㏻ࡾࠕᑠࡉ࡞ㄝ࡛ࠖ
ࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࠋࡔࡀࠊㄞ⪅࡟ၥ࠸ࢆⓎࡍࡿ㸺ᑠㄝ㸼࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡔࠋ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡢࠕⴭ㏙ᐙࠖࡢࡋࡄࡉࠊࡑࢀࡣᙜ↛࡞ࡀࡽᨃែ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᚋ⥆࡛ṇయࢆ⌧ࡋࡓࠕసᐙࠖᛶ㸦ࣃࣟࢹ࢕㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡓࡕࡲࡕそࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋ
࠿ࡋࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㌿そࡇࡑ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡢ≺࠸࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠕⴭ㏙ᐙࠖࡀ࠸ࢃࢇ࡜ࡍࡿ᰿ᖿࢆ☜࠿࡟ఏ࠼ࡶࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡢᩍ⫱ほࠊࡑࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡣࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㦵ኴࡢࠕ㇟ࡢ∳ࠖ(Ghent 100)－5－ᛶࢆ㟢ࢃ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡃࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ☜࠿࡟࠸ࡘࡢ᫬௦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ⮬⏤ࡣே㛫࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㔜せ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࢁ࠺ࠋያ㞔࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡲࡓዪᛶ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶࠋ఍ヰࡢᢏᕦ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚࠸࠼ࡤࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡀᩥᏐ㏻ࡾࡢࠕ఍ヰࠖࢆ௙᥃ࡅࡿࡢࡣࠊୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᨃែ
࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢⴭ㏙ᐙࡢࡋࡄࡉࡢ┤ᚋ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠗ㧗៏࡜೫ぢ࠘➨㸯❶ࡣࠊ࣌࢖ࢪࡶᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᖥࡀୖࡀࡿ࡜ᐈ㛫ࡀ⌧ࢀࠊⓏሙே≀ࡢ࣋ࢿࢵࢺኵጔࡀᾋ࠿ࡧୖࡀࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ₇๻ⓗຠᯝࢆ㔊ࡋฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡢࡔࡀ㸦115㸧ࠊ఍ヰ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊෑ㢌ᩥࢆᘬࡁ⥅ࡄᙧ࡛ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡿ࣋ࢿࢵࢺኵጔࡢ఍ヰࡣ༟㉺ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣኵጔࡢ⤯ጁ࡞㛵ಀࡀᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡿࠋጔࡦ࡜ࡾࡀ㠃ⓑ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓኵࡦ࡜ࡾࡀ㠃ⓑ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡇ࡛㔊ࡋฟࡉࢀࡿጁ࿡ࡣࠊ୧⪅ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࠊ┦஌ຠᯝࠊ୍✀ࡢ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ➃ⓗ࡟ࡲࠕ㛫 ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶࡼ࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡀ኱ࡁࡃస⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡶࡲࡓᴟࡵ࡚ࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥⓗ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶࠗࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥఏ࡛࠘ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡿࠊࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥ࡜࣎ࢬ࢙࢘ࣝࡢ᥃ࡅྜ࠸ࡣࠊᑐヰ⪅ྠኈࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆࡶᥥฟࡏࡎ࡟ࡣ࠾࠿࡞࠸ࡢࡔࡀࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥᥥࡃ࡜ࡇࢁࡢ࣋ࢿࢵࢺኵጔࡢ఍ヰࡶࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢ
୰ᖺኵ፬ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆぢ஦࡟㏱࠿ࡋ࡚ࡳࡏࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ii.

“Vocal Grooming” & “plaisir du texe”ࠗ㧗៏࡜೫ぢ࡛࠘ࡣ఍ヰࡣࡉࡽ࡟ᗈ⠊࡟࡞ࡿࠋ࣋ࢿࢵࢺኵጔ࡟ࡼࡾཱྀⅆࢆษࡽࢀࡓ఍ヰࡣࠊ┤᥋ᑐヰࠊ➨୕⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ఍ヰࡢ❧ࡕ⪺ࡁࠊࡑࡋ࡚შ࡬࡜ከᵝ໬ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽ⮬యࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢே≀ࢆᥥࡁฟࡋࣉࣟࢵࢺࢆ᥎ࡋ㐍ࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ┤᥋ᑐヰࡣࠊ࢚ࣜࢨ࣋ࢫࡢሙྜࠊ ࢲ࣮ࢩ࣮ࠊࢪ࢚࢖ࣥࠊࢩࣕ
࣮ࣟࢵࢺࠊࣞࢹ࢕࣭࢟ࣕࢧࣜࣥ (Lady Catherine)ࠊ࣋ࢿࢵࢺẶࠊࢥࣜࣥࢬ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⧞ࡾᗈࡆࡽࢀࠊ➨୕⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ❧ࡕ⪺ࡁ࡛ࡣࠊᖖ࡟⪺ࡁ⪥ࢆ❧࡚࡚࠸ࡿࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺࡢᚓពᢏࡀᢨ㟢ࡉࢀࠊࡲࡓშ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࣋ࢿࢵࢺኵேࡢࡶࡗࡥࡽࡢ᝟ሗ※ࠊ⏕ࡁࡀ࠸࡜ࡶ࡞ࡿࠊ࡜࠸ࡗࡓලྜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶࡋ๓㏙ࡋࡓࢲࣥࣂ࣮ࡢ᠈ࡀṇࡋ࠸࡜ࡍࢀࡤࠊࡘࡲࡾࠊゝㄒ࡜ࡣࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜ࠕ⫗యⓗ࡞ẟ⧋࠸࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡀࠕ㡢ኌ࡟ࡼࡿẟ⧋࠸ࠖ࡬࡜㐍໬ࠊⓎ㐩ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡢࡺ࠼࡟ゝㄒࡢෆᐜࡶࡲࡓࠊᚑ᮶⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㞝ྠኈࡢ⊁⊟ࡢࡓࡵࡢ᝟ሗఏ㐩࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡣࠊࡴࡋࢁࡶࡗ࡜♫஺ⓗ࡞㞤ྠኈࡢࢦࢩࢵࣉࢆ㉳※࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࠊ࣋ࢿࢵࢺኵேࡢᏑᅾ࡞࡝ࠊࢲ࣭ࣥ ࣭ ࣭࣭ ࣭ ࣭ ࣭ ࣭ ࣭ࣂ࣮ࡢ௬ㄝࡢࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ ⏕ࡁࡓ ࢚ࣅࢹࣥࢫ࡞ࡽࡠࠊࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥ ୖࡢ࢚ࣅࢹࣥࢫ࡜࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋࡉࡽ࡟࣋
ࢿࢵࢺኵேࡀ࠸ࡲࡔⓎ㐩㏵ୖ࡟࠶ࡿᮍᡂ⇍࡞ே㛫࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼ྜࢃࡏࢀࡤࠊࡇࡢⓏሙே≀࡟ࢲࣥࣂ࣮ࡢ௬ㄝࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ࠶ࡢ࣊ࢵࢣࣝ㸦Ernst Haeckel㸧ࡢ௬ㄝࠕಶయⓎ⏕ࡣ⣔⤫Ⓨ⏕ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍࠖ
㸦“Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny.”㸧ࡉ࠼㐃᝿ࡋࠊㄽ⌮ࡢ㣕㌍ࢆᴦࡋࡴㄞ⪅ࡶ࠸ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
࡜ࡶ࠶ࢀࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ࣋ࢿࢵࢺኵேࡢࡼ࠺࡞㸺ཎึⓗ㸼ே≀ࡣࡉ࡚࠾ࡃ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢚ࣜࢨ࣋ࢫࢆࡵࡄࡿ఍
ヰࡢᡭἲࢆ⪃࠼ࡓሙྜࠊࡑࡢ఍ヰࢆࡵࡄࡿ≧ἣࡣ࠿࡞ࡾ」㞧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ➃ⓗ࡞౛ࢆᣲࡆࢀࡤࠊࡇ
ࡢసရࡢせ࡜࡞ࡿࠕ㧗៏ࠖ࡜ࠕ೫ぢࠖࡀⱆ⏕࠼ࡿ≧ἣ⮬యࡀ࠿࡞ࡾධࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢሙ㠃࡛ࡣ┤᥋ᑐヰ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡲࡎ➨୕⪅㛫㸦ࣅࣥࢢ࣮ࣜ࡜ࢲ࣮ࢩ࣮㸧࡜ࡢ఍ヰࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ఍ヰࢆ࢚ࣜࢨ࣋ࢫࡀ₃ࢀ⪺ࡃ࡜ࡇࢁ࠿ࡽヰࡀࡣࡌࡲࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
. . . Mr. Darcy had been standing near enough for her to overhear a conversation between himand Mr. Bingley, who came from the dance for a few minutes, to press his friend to join it.
. . .“She is tolerable; but not handsome enough to tempt me; and I am in no humour at present
to give consequence to young ladies who are slighted by other men. You had better return toyour partner . . .”Mr. Bingley followed his advice. Mr. Darcy walked off; and Elizabeth remained with no very
cordial feelings forwards him. (11)－6－ࠕ࡯࡝࡯࡝࡜࠸࠺࡜ࡇࢁࡔࡀࠊࡇࡕࡽࡢẼࢆࡑࡑࡿ࡯࡝ࡢ⨾ேࡌࡷ࡞࠸ࠖɆɆࡇࢀࡣࢲ࣮ࢩ࣮ࡢ᭷ྡ࡞࢚ࣜࢨ࣋ࢫホࡔࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣࢤ࢖ࣜࣥࡀ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟࢚ࣜࢨ࣋ࢫ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ┤᥋ࠊㄒࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣ཭ேࣅࣥࢢ࣮ࣜ࡜ࡢ఍ヰࡢ୰ཱྀ࡛࡟ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ (29-30)ࠋ
㸦ࡶࡗ࡜ࡶࡇࡢࢲ࣮ࢩ࣮ࡢゝㄝࡶࠊ༢࡟ⱝ࠸ዪᛶࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࡋࡓࢲ࣮ࢩ࣮ࡢ⣲ᮔ࡞ရᐃࡵ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡣࠊ࣮࣒࣍ࢬࡢ୺ᙇࡍࡿࠊ⏨ࡢ “publicspeech”࡜ࡶ⯆࿡῝࠸㛵㐃ᛶࡀぢฟࡏࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡔࡀࠊ㆟ㄽࡢᣑᩓࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣヲ㏙ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ㸧࡜ࡶ࠶ࢀࠊࡇࡢሙ㠃࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡢసᐙⓗᕤኵ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚࠸࠼ࡤࠊ࢚ࣜࢨ࣋ࢫࡀࢲ࣮ࢩ࣮
࡟ᑐࡋࠊ೫ぢࢆᢪࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶࡢⓎ➃ࡣࠊᙼዪࡀࢲ࣮ࢩ࣮ࡢࡇࡢྎモࢆ❧ࡕ⪺ࡁࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟
࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠗ㧗៏࡜೫ぢ࡛࠘ࡣෑ㢌㒊ࡤ࠿ࡾ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ୺ேබࡓࡕࡢࠕ㧗៏ࠖ࡜ࠕ೫ぢࠖࡢ㔜኱࡞ዎᶵ࡜࡞ࡿᑟධ㒊ࡀࠕ఍ヰࠖ㸦ࡋ࠿ࡶࠊᩥᏐ㏻ࡾࡢࠊ❧ࡕ⪺ࡁ㸧࡟ࡲ࠿ࡏࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚సᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡣࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ᭱ᚋ࡟୍ゝ₃ࡽࡍࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠕ. . . ࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡢሙ࡟␃ࡲࡗࡓ࢚ࣜࢨ࣋ࢫࡣࠊᙼ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚᝟⁄ࢀࡿẼᣢࡕࢆࡶࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠖɆɆࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡢసᐙ࡜ࡋ

࡚ࡢኌࡣࠊ“no very cordial feelings” ࡜࠸࠺ࠊ⦆ᚎἲࡢᚤ࠿࡞ᦂࢀ࡟ጤࡡࡽࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋస⪅ࡣ㯲ࡋࠊㄞ⪅ࡶࡲࡓࠕࡑࡢሙ࡟␃ࡲࡿࠖ࡯࠿࡞࠸ࠋ࢚ࣜࢨ࣋ࢫ࡜ྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢሙ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊㄞ⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿసᐙࡢᘚ⯉ࡢ㉁ࡀ࠸ࡉࡉ࠿ኚ໬ࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠗࣀ࣮ࢧ࣮࣭ࣥ࢞࢔
࣋࢖࠘࡟࠾ࡅࡿసᐙࡢㄞ⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿᘚ⯉ࠊࡑࢀࡣ࠾ࡑࡽࡃㄞ⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿ௨ୖ࡟ࠊసᐙ⮬㌟࡬ࡢ㈉⊩࡜ࡋ࡚࠶ࡗࡓࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࡇࡢⱝ࠸స⪅ࡣᛮ࠸ࡢࡓࡅࢆ➹࡟ࡲ࠿ࡏࡿ∝ᛌឤࢆாཷࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡟ࡕࡀ࠸࡞
࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡀࡇࡇ࡛ࡣᐇ࡟ៅࡲࡋ࠸ᵝ┦ࢆࡳࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࠗࣀ࣮ࢧ࣮࣭ࣥ࢞࢔࣋࢖࡛࠘ࡣࠊࠕዪᛶࡢ
↓▱ࠖ᥎ዡ࡟ࡳࡽࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡢࠕసᐙࠖᛶ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣࠊ୺࡟సᐙ⮬㌟ࡢㄒࡾࠊᘚ⯉࡜ࡋ࡚Ⓨ᥹ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔࡀࠊࡑࢀࡀࠗ㧗៏࡜೫ぢ࠘࡟࠸ࡓࡿ࡜ࠊ఍ヰ࡟ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㸦ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤୖグࡢ⦆ᚎἲ࡟ࡳࡽࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸧ᐻ㯲ࡉ࡬࡜ࠊ཰ᩡࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃほࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡣࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣㄞ⪅ࡢࠕゎ㔘⾜Ⅽࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࠊ࠸ࢃࡤࠕࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢᛌᴦࠖ㸦“plaisir du texte”㸧
ࡢᖜࢆࡉࡽ࡟ᗈࡆࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊసᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕ㦵ᢡࡾࠖࢆ㑅ࡧྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࡀࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓព࿡࡛ࠗ㧗៏࡜೫ぢ࠘ࡣࠊᚋᮇసရ࡬ࡢ㣕㌍ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆࡓࡪࢇ࡟ྵࢇࡔసရ࡜࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸵௨ୗ࡟ࠗࣀ࣮ࢧ࣮࣭ࣥ࢞࢔࣋࢖࠘࡜ࠗ㧗៏࡜೫ぢ࠘ࡢ⤊┙㏆ࡃࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊ୧సရ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ
࢕ࣥࡢࠕసᐙࠖᛶࡢ㐪࠸ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᮏㄽࡢ⤖ࡧ࡜ࡋࡼ࠺ࠋࡲࡎࡣࠗࣀ࣮ࢧ࣮࣭ࣥ࢞࢔࣋࢖࠘࠿ࡽ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋI must confess that his affection originated in nothing better than gratitude, or, in other words,
that a persuasion of her partiality for him had been the only cause of giving her a serious
thought. It is a new circumstance in romance. I acknowledge, and dreadfully derogatory of
the heroine’s dignity; but if it be as new in common life, the credit of a wild imagination will atleast be all my own. (243)ࠗࣀ࣮ࢧ࣮࣭ࣥ࢞࢔࣋࢖࡛࠘ࡣ᥾ᥟࡣᙉⅯ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࠕࣄࣟ࢖ࣥࡽࡋ࠿ࡽࡠࣄࣟ࢖ࣥࠖࡢࠕㄌ⏕ࠖ࡜ࡑࡢࠕ⤖ᮎࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࠊࡇࡢᑠㄝࡢෑ㢌࡜⤖ᮎࡢᩚྜᛶࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ࠶ࡿព࿡ࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡢࠕᑠㄝㄽࠖ
㸦࣓ࢱᑠㄝ㸧ࡀࡲࡔ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿほࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ≀ㄒࡣసᐙࡢ࠸ࢃࡤㄽㄝ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㛢ࡌࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
௚᪉ࠊࠗ㧗៏࡜೫ぢ࡛࠘ࡣࠊࠕ఍ヰࠖࡀ᰾࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᑠㄝ࡛࠶ࡿ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊ఍ヰ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚࠸࠼ࡤࠊࠕゝࢃࡎ࡟࠾ࡃ఍ヰ࡛ࠖᖥࡀ㛢ࡌࡽࢀࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
Elizabeth longed to observe that Mr. Bingley had been a most delightful friend; so easily guided
that his worth was invaluable; but she checked herself. She remembered that he had yet tolearn to be laught at, and it was rather too early to begin. (371)－7－ୖグࡣࢲ࣮ࢩ࣮ࡢ஧ᗘ┠ࡢồ፧ࢆཷࡅධࢀࡓ࠶࡜ࡢ࢚ࣜࢨ࣋ࢫࡢᚰቃ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᙼዪࡣ⮬ࡽࡢⓎゝࢆᢚไࡍࡿ⾡ࢆᚰᚓ࡚࠸ࡿࠋዲே≀࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀඃᰂ୙᩿࡞ࣅࣥࢢ࣮ࣜ࡜ࠊࡑࢇ࡞ぶ཭࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࠸ࡉࡉ࠿ᑓไⓗഴྥࡢ࠶ࡿࢲ࣮ࢩ࣮ࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ୧⪅ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᥾ᥟࡋࡓ࠸Ẽᣢࡕࢆ࢚ࣜࢨ࣋ࢫࡣࡶࡕ࡞ࡀࡽࡶࠊࡍࢇ࡛ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊཱྀࢆ⁥ࡽࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⮬ไࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⋡┤࡟ᛮ࠸ࡢࡲࡲ࡟Ⓨゝࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ୺ேබ࢚ࣜࢨ࣋ࢫ࡛ࡉ࠼ࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡣ㯲ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋࠕ➗ࢃࢀࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࡇࢀ࠿ࡽᏛࡤ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖɆɆ࣭ ࣭࣭࣭ ࣭ ࣭ࢲ࣮ࢩ࣮࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࢚ࣜࢨ࣋ࢫࡢ㓄៖ࡀࡑ࠺ࡉࡏࡿࡢࡔࡀࠊᙼዪࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ ࡍ࡛ ࡟ Ꮫࢇ࡛ ࠸ࡓࡢࡣࠊࠕゝࢃࡠࡀⰼ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡦ࡜ࡾ࢚ࣜࢨ࣋ࢫࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜ࡾࠊࡇࡢ୺ேබࢆ⏕࣭ ࣭ ࣭ ࣭ࡳฟࡋࡓసᐙ⮬㌟ࡶࡲࡓసᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕゝࢃࡠࡀⰼࠖࡢጾຊࢆ☜ᐇ࡟ Ꮫࡧࡘࡘ ࠶ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ
࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡣゝㄒࡢཎึⓗᙧែ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕྠ┕⪅㛫ࡢ㐃ᖏࠖࠊලయⓗ࡟࠸࠼ࡤࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣసᐙ࡜ㄞ⪅ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ᚰᙉ࠸ྠ┕⪅㛫ࡢ㐃ᖏ࡟ಙࢆ࠾࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ๰సࡢྍ⬟ᛶ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ࣓ࣝࣟ
=࣏ࣥࢸ࢕ࡢ࠸࠺ “single fabric”ࠊࡘࡲࡾసᐙ࡜ㄞ⪅ࡀ༠ຊࡋ࡚⧊ࡾୖࡆࡿࠕ༢୍ࡢ⧊≀ࠖࡢᏑᅾࢆࡉ
ࡽ࡟࠸ࡗࡑ࠺ಙࡌࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࡟㐪࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢసᐙࡣ⮬ࡽࡀࠊࠕⴭ㏙ᐙ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡼࡾࡣࠊࡴࡋ
ࢁࠕసᐙ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᏛࡧྲྀࡾࠊࡑࢀ࡟ᚭࡍࡿࠋ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡀᥥࡃࡢࡣ᪥ᖖࡢல஦࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡣல஦࡛ࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢసᐙࡣࡑ࠺ࡋࡓே⏕ࡢல஦ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡴࡋࢁே⏕඲యࢆಠ▔ࡋᚓࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠊ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢどᗙ࡜ࡶ࿧࡭ࡿࡶࡢࢆ⋓ᚓࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡣᗈ࠸ព࿡࡛ࡢ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡢࠕᩍ⫱ࠖほ࡜ࡶ㏻ࡌࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋᙼዪࡢ࠸࠺ࠊ࠶ࡢࠕ㸦ᖜ㸰࢖ࣥࢳࡢ㸧㇟∳ࡢᑠ∦ࠖࠊࡑࢀࡀᙉ㠌࡞ࠕ㇟ࡢ∳ࠖ࡬࡜ኚㇺࡍࡿ▐㛫࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡣ⮬ࡽࡢࡑࡢ┿ᦸ࡞࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆࠊసᐙ⊂⮬ࡢㄒࡾ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⣳ࡄࠋࡑࢀࡣࡲࡉࡋࡃࠊㄞ⪅࡜࠸࠺ࠊᚰᙉ࠸ࠕ༠ຊ⪅ࠖࡢᏑᅾࢆ᝿ᐃࡏࡎࡋ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡋᚓ࡞࠸ࠊసᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᣮᡓ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ㸨ࡇࡢㄽᩥࡣࠊ2013 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 29 ᪥ࠊ᪥ᮏࢪ࢙࢖࣭࣮ࣥ࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥ༠఍ᖺḟ኱఍ (᪊ 㛵す኱Ꮫ)࡛ࠊࠗ㧗៏࡜೫ぢ࠘ฟ∧
200 ࿘ᖺࢆグᛕࡋ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡓࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘㸦⤫୍ࢸ࣮࣐ࠕ200 ᖺᚋࡢ Pride and Prejudiceࠖ㸧࡛ࡢཱྀ㢌Ⓨ⾲࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚
࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࡑࡢᣋㄽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕᩥᏛ࡟࠾ࡅࡿㄒࡾࠖࡢ㆟ㄽࢆࠕᩍ⫱ࠖ࡟ࡲ࡛Ⓨᒎࡉࡏࠊ኱ᖜ࡟ຍ➹ಟṇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ᮏㄽࡣࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡢ௦⾲ഔసࠗ㧗៏࡜೫ぢ࠘࡟࠸ࡓࡿࡲ࡛ࡢᙼዪࡢࠕసᐙࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ᡂ㛗㐣⛬ࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿ㛵ಀୖࠊࡍ࡛࡟ྛᣋㄽ࡛Ⓨ⾲ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ࢸ࣮࣐ࢆໟྵࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡾࠊࡍ࡛࡟ಶู࡟㆟ㄽࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿၥ㢟࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣヲ⣽ࢆ㑊ࡅࠊせⅬࡢࡳࡢ࿊♧࡟␃ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏㄽࡢ㆟ㄽ๓༙ࡢ(1)ࡣࠗᩍ⫱◊✲⣖せ࠘➨ 2 ྕ㸦⚄ᡞᾏᫍዪᏊᏛ㝔኱Ꮫࠊ2019 ᖺ 3 ᭶㸧࡟ᥖ㍕ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᮏ⣖せ࡛ࡣࡑࡢ㆟ㄽࡢᚋ༙ࡢ(2)ࢆᥖ㍕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ὀ㸸
4. ࡇࡢࢲࢵࢩࣗ࢘ࢵࢻኵேࡢᡓἲࡣࠊ࠸ࡲࡦ࡜ࡾࡢዪᛶࡢࡑࢀࢆᛮ࠸ฟࡉࡏࡣࡋࡲ࠸࠿ࠋࢪࣕࢿࢵࢺ࣭࣮࣒࣍ࢬࡢࠕ᭱ᚋࡢゝⴥ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋᣋㄽ(1)࡟࠾࠸࡚๓㏙ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࣮࣒࣍ࢬࡣࠕጮࡋࡁࡣዪࠖ
࡜࠸࠺㸺⚄ヰ㸼࡜⤌ウࡕࡋࠊࡑࡢḭ▇ࢆᡴࡕ◚ࡿぢ஦࡞ㄽᒎ㛤ࢆࡋࡓࡢࡔࡀࠊࡑࢀࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎᙼዪࡶࡲࡓࠕ᭱ᚋࡢゝⴥࠖࢆᡭ࡟ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࠿ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋᙜ↛࡞ࡀࡽࡑࡢࢽࣗ࢔ࣥࢫࡣࢲࢵࢩࣗ࢘ࢵࢻኵேࡢሙྜ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࠋ࣮࣒࣍ࢬࡣ⏨ᛶࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ㤨⯉࡛࠶ࡿ౛ࢆከᩘᣲࡆ࡞ࡀࡽࡶࠊ⤖ㄽ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࠕᨷᧁࡣ᭱኱ࡢ㜵ᚚࠖᘧࡢᡓ␎ࡢ࡯࠺ࡣᨺᲠࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙼዪࡣࠕ㤨⯉࡞ࡢࡣࠊࡴࡋࢁ⏨ࡓࡕࡢ࡯࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜ࡣ᩿ゝࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢ◊✲⪅ࡢど⥺ࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ⏨ዪ㛫ࡢ㤨⯉ࡢ㢖ᗘ࡜࠸࠺㔞ⓗ࡞༢⣧ẚ㍑࡛࠶ࡿࡼࡾࡣࠊࡴࡋࢁ㤨⯉ࡢ㉁ࡢ┦㐪࡟ࡲ࡛฿㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕ㤨⯉ࠖ࡜࠸
࠺୍ࡘࡢ⌧㇟ࡢྥࡇ࠺࡟ࠊࡴࡋࢁ⏨ዪࡢᮏ㉁㒊ศࢆ᥈ࡾ࠶࡚࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕ㤨⯉࡞ࡢࡣࠊ⏨ࡓࡕࡢ࡯࠺࡛࠶ࡿሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࠖ
㸦“. . . the question ‘Do women talk more than men?’ can’t be answered－8－with a straight ‘yes’ or ‘no’. The answer is rather, ‘It all depends.’ ”㸧(48)ࠋ
⌧௦ࡢࣇ࢙࣑ࢽࢫࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡢ◊✲⪅ࡣࠊ18 ୡ⣖ࡢᡯ፾ࠊ࢘ࣝࢫࢺࣥࢡࣛࣇࢺ࡜ࡣ㐪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋዪᏊᩍ⫱ࡢᚲせᛶࢆ୺ᙇࡋࡓ࢘ࣝࢫࢺࣥࢡࣛࣇࢺࡢㄽத࡟ࡳࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠊᴟ➃࡛ࢭࣥࢭ࣮ࢩࣙࢼ
ࣝ࡞ໃ࠸ࡸ⳹ࠎࡋࡉࡣࠊ࣮࣒࣍ࢬࡢ⤖ㄽ࡟ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࣮࣒࣍ࢬࡢࡇࡢ “It all depends.”࡜࠸࠺
ゝⴥࡀࡶࡘᖹ⾮ឤぬ࡟⌧௦ேࡣᙼዪࡢࠕⰋ㆑ࠖࢆࡳࡿᛮ࠸ࡀࡍࡿࠋ1792 ᖺࠊ࢘ࣝࢫࢺࣥࢡࣛࣇࢺࡀࢢࣞࢦ࣮ࣜ࡟཯㥍ࡋ࡚ࠕዪᛶ࡟ࡶࡲࡎⰋ㆑ࢆᚓࡉࡏࡼࠖ࡜せㄳࡋࡓࡢࡔࡀࠊࡑࡢᚋ 200 వᖺࢆ⤒࡚ࠊዪᛶࡀ⋓ᚓࡍ࡭ࡁࠊࡲࡉࡋࡃࡑࡢࠕⰋ㆑ࠖࡣࠊࡇࡇࠊࡘࡲࡾ࣮࣒࣍ࢬࡢ⤖ㄽ࡟ࡍ࡛࡟ぢฟࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ
5. ࡇࡢⅬ࡛ࡣࠊࢲࣥࣂ࣮ࡢ㐍໬ே㢮Ꮫⓗ◊✲ࡣࠊ๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡞࣮࣒࣍ࢬࡀ♫఍ゝㄒᏛࡢᡭἲࢆ㥑౑ࡋ࡚ᚓࡓ⤖ㄽࢆ࠸ࡃࡪࢇࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ௨ୗ࡟ࢲࣥࣂ࣮ࡢ௬ㄝࢆ୍㒊ᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࠋTaken together, these findings suggest that female bonding may have been a more
powerful force in human evolution than is sometimes supposed. If so, then the pressure toevolve language may well have come through the need to form and service female alliances,as Chris Knight suggests, rather than through either male bonding or male activities, as
conventional wisdom has always assumed. (150)ࡉࡽ࡟ࢲࣥࣂ࣮ࡣࠊࠕጮࡋࡁࡣዪࠖ⚄ヰ࡜ᯝᩒ࡟㜚࠺࣮࣒࣍ࢬ⮬㌟ࡀࠊࢲࣥࣂ࣮ࡢゝⴥ㏻ࡾࠕྠ┕⪅㛫ࡢ㐃ᖏឤࠖࢆ࿡ࢃ࠺࡟ࡕࡀ࠸࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡶ㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
In effect, humans were now exploiting the greater efficiency of language as a bonding
mechanism to allow themselves to live in larger groups for the same investment in socialtime. . . . A study of the Kapanora tribe in New Guinea, for example, found that men spenton average of 3.5 hours and woman around 2.7 hours. (115-16, emphasis added)
6. ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡀࠊࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡢࡶࡢ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡢ୍⠇ࢆ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚☜ドࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋᙼዪࡣࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ“my dear Dr. Johnson”࡜᫂ゝ㸦8-9 February 1807㸧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
ࡲࡓ“Boswell’s ‘Tour to the Hebrides’ ”ࡶධᡭࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊୖグ࡟ᘬ⏝ࡋࡓࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡢ୍⠇ࡀグࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࣎ࢬ࢙࢘ࣝⴭࡢ“Life of Johnson”ࡶᡭ࡟ධࢀࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦25 November 1798㸧ࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࠋࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࡢ᭩⡆࠿ࡽࡶ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Letters 121, 22㸧
7. ࡕ࡞ࡳ࡟ࠊᚋᮇసရ࡛ࡣ఍ヰࡢᐇ㦂ࡣࡉࡽ࡟ከᵝ໬ࡋࠊᕦጁ࡞ࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊᚋᮇ
➨୍సࠊ࣐ࠗࣥࢫࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻ࣭ࣃ࣮ࢡ࠘
㸦Mansfield Park, 1814㸧࡛ࡣࠊ“quiet auditor” ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡦࡓࡍࡽ⪥ࢆഴࡅࡿࣇ࢓ࢽ࣮࣭ࣉࣛ࢖ࢫ㸦Fanny Price㸧࡜࠸࠺୺ேබࡢタᐃࡀ࠶ࡾࠊḟస࢚࣐ࠗ࠘
㸦Emma,1815㸧࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢసရࢆ᥈ഄᑠㄝࡓࡽࡋࡵࡿㅦࢆ㔊ࡋฟࡍࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ఍ヰࡀ㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊࡑࡇ࡛ࡣࠊࣇࣛࣥࢡ࣭ࢳ࣮ࣕࢳࣝ㸦Frank Churchill㸧ࡣ୺ேබࡢ࢚࣐࣭࢘ࢵࢻ
ࣁ࢘ࢫ㸦Emma Woodhouse㸧┦ᡭ࡟ヰࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊྠ᫬࡟ᙼࡢ⛎ᐦࡢ፧⣙⪅ࢪ࢙࢖࣭ࣥࣇ࢙࢔ࣇ࢓ࢵ
ࢡࢫ㸦Jane Fairfax㸧࡜ࡶࠊᇽࠎ࡜኱ኌ࡛ෆ⥴ヰࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓⱁᙜࢆᢨ㟢ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥᬌᖺࡢࠗㄝᚓ࠘㸦Persuasion, 1817㸧࡛ࡣࠊ୺ேබ࢔࣭࢚ࣥࣜ࢜ࢵࢺ㸦AnneElliot㸧ࡣࠊ➨୕⪅㸦Captain Harville㸧࡟ヰࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ఍ヰࡢእ࡟࠸ࡿࣇࣞࢹࣜࢵࢡ࣭࢙࢘ࣥࢺ࣡
࣮ࢫ㸦Frederick Wentworth㸧࡟ᛮ࠸ࢆఏ࠼ࠊឡࡢ࿌ⓑࡍࡽࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋ࢔ࣥࡢ㸺┿ᐇ㸼ࡢ⪺ࡁᡭ－9－࡛࠶ࡿ࢙࢘ࣥࢺ࣮࣡ࢫࡣࠊ࢔ࣥ࡜➨୕⪅ࡢ఍ヰࢆࡑࡤ࡛₃ࢀ⪺ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ఍ヰ࡜ྠ᫬㐍⾜ⓗ࡟ࠊ⮬ࡽࡢᚰቃࢆ࢔ࣥ࡬ࡢᡭ⣬࡟ྤ㟢ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࠗ㧗៏࡜೫ぢ࠘࡟ࡣࠊᚋᮇసရ࡟࠸ࡓࡗ࡚ࡉࡽ࡟ᕦጁ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕ఍ヰࠖࢆ㍈࡟ࡋࡓㄒࡾࡢᢏἲࡢⴌⱆࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡀ㝶ᡤ࡟ࡳࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ

Works CitedAusten, Jane. Northanger Abbey and Persuasion. The Novels of Jane Austen vol.5. 1923. Ed. R. W.
Chapman. London: Oxford UP, 1975.
---. Pride and Prejudice. The Novels of Jane Austen vol.2. 1923. Ed. R. W. Chapman. London:
Oxford UP, 1976.
---. Sense and Sensibility. The Novels of Jane Austen vol.1. 1923. Ed. R. W. Chapman. London:
Oxford UP, 1976.
---. Jane Austen’s Letters. 1995. Ed. Deirdre Le Faye. Oxford UP, 1997.
Barthes, Roland. A Lover’s Discourse: Fragments. Trans. Richard Howard. New York: The Noonday
Press, 1989.
Boswell, James. The Life of Samuel Johnson. 1791. Hertfordshire: Wordsworth, 2008.
Dunbar, Robin. Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language. London: Faber, 1996.
Garrod, H. W. “Jane Austen: A Depreciation.” Essays by Diver’s Hands. vol. 8. Ed. Laurence Binyon.
London: Oxford UP, 1928.
Gaylin, Ann. Eavesdropping in The Novel :From Austen to Proust. Cambridge: Cambridge UP,2002.
Ghent, Dorothy Van. The English Novel: Form and Fiction. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston,1953.
Holmes, Janet. “Women Talk Too Much.” Language Myths. London: Penguin, 1998.
Le Faye, Deirdre. Jane Austen: A Family Record. 2nd. ed. 1989; Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2004.
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. Phenomenology of Perception. Trans. Colin Smith. 1962; London:Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981.
Page, Norman. The Language of Jane Austen. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1972.
᝷㇂⨾ᬛᏊ ࠗࢪ࢙࢖࣭࣮ࣥ࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥ◊✲ɆɆ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥ࡜ゝⴥࡢඹㅛ⪅㐩࠘ᮾி㸸᪲ྐ♫ࠊ1993ࠋ---. ࠕ͆Is Jane Austen ‘A Slip of a Girl’͇㸽̿̿࢞ࣟࢵࢻ / ࢳࣕࣉ࣐ࣥㄽதࢆⓎ➃࡜ࡋ࡚(1)~(4)ࠖࠗⱥ
ㄒ㟷ᖺ࠘➨ 154 ᕳ➨ 8 ྕ~➨ 11 ྕࠋ◊✲♫ࠊ2008~2009ࠋ---. ࠕࢫ࣮ࣟࣔࢩ࡛ࣙࣥㄞࡴ´+HQU\+DVWLQJVµɆ&KDUORWWH%URQWs ⩦స࡟࠾ࡅࡿෑ㝤 (3)ࠖࠗWeb ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ࠘➨ 157 ᕳ➨ 12 ྕࠋ◊✲♫ࠊ 2012ࠋ－ 10 －