W.B.࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒࡜ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕Ặྡ బ఑ ⍠⍵Ꮚ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௒᫓ࡢ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ EU 㞳⬺ࡣࠊࡲࡉ࡟

㸯㸬ᗎㄽEU ࡜࠸࠺ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣜࢬ࣒࡟࠾࠸࡚㉳ࡇࡗࡓࢼ 19 ୡ⣖ࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡛ࡣ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ࠿ࡽࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ຾฼࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࢼࢩࡢ⊂❧ࢆ┠ᣦࡋࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᶵ㐠ࡀ㧗ࡲࡗࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࢆ⤒࡚ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬࡟⮳ࡿࠊࡇࡢὶ

࡚࠸ࡓࠋW.B.࢖࢙࢖ࢶ(William Butler Yeats,ࢀࡣ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉࢀࠊ㐃㙐ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ㐣1865-1939)ࡣࣀ࣮࣋ࣝ㈹ࢆཷ㈹ࡋࡓ࢔࢖ࣝࣛ

ཤࡢᵝࠎ࡞ᙧែࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࢆぢ┤ࡋࠊẸࣥࢻࡢリேࠊ๻సᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚ୡ⏺࡛ྡ㧗࠸ࠋࢼࢩ᪘ࡸᅜẸ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㞟ᅋࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕࡜ࡢࣙࢼࣜࢫࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ⊂❧㐠ື࡟ཧຍ㛵㐃ᛶࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡇ࡟⏕ࡁࡓேࠎࡢ⮬ᕫࡸ࢔࢖ࡋࡓ୍ே࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊᬌᖺࣔࢲࢽࢫࢺ࡬࡜ኚㇺࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࢆᨵࡵ࡚ぢ┤ࡍࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ௒ᚋࡢࢢࡍࡿࠋ⊂❧࡬࡜ྥࡅ࡚኱ࡁࡃ᫬௦࣭ᅜᐙ࣭ᅜẸ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬࡟క࠺ኚືࡢ୰࡛⏕ࡁࡿᡃࠎ࡟࡜ࡗࡀኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ୰࡛ࡢ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡚ࣔᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋࢲࢽࢫࢺ࡬࡜ኚ໬ࡋࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ ௒ᅇࡣ⣬ᖜࡢ㒔ྜ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ19 ୡ⣖ࡢ࢔࢖ࣝࣛ

໬ࡍࡿ♫఍࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒࡜࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢻ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ⫼ᬒ࡜ࠊ࢖࢙࢖ࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆぢࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊಶேࡸᅜᐙࡢࢶࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒㐠ື࡬ࡢඹឤ࡜ᗁ⁛࡟ࡘ࠸࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ࡚㏙࡭ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ┦஫࡟స⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢼࢩࣙࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࡢ୍➃ࢆぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋእⓗせᅉࢼࣝ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࢆ୰ᚰ࡟⪃ᐹ࡟ࡼࡿࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࢆ⤒࡚㏆௦࡬࡜ྥ࠿࠺࢔ࡍࡿࠋ࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࠸࠿࡟ಶேࡀኚᐜࢆ㐙ࡆࡓࡢ࠿ࠋ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡢᢪ࠼ࡿ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡀ

2. W.B.࢖࢙࢖ࢶ࡜࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࡢ᫬௦⫼ᬒ࠸࠿࡟ኚ໬ࡋࡓ࠿ࠊ♫఍ᵓ㐀࣭ኚ໬ࡢഃ㠃࠿ࡽ⪃ᐹࡋࡓ࠸ࠋࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࡀ㐍ࡳࠊ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡣ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡛⏕ࡲࢀࡓ࢔࢖ࣝࣛ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡀ᭕᫕࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸ࡲࠊ⮬௚࡟࠾࠸࡚ࣥࢻே࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶ඲࡚ࡢ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࡑࡢ☜❧࡟ዧ㜚ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࣥࢻே࡟ཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࢆ↔Ⅼ࡟ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࢆㄞࡳゎࡃࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ㐣࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡣ࢔ࣥࢢࣟࢧࢡࢯࣥ⣔ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺཤࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡢ♫఍ࡢኚᐜ࡜⮬ᕫࡢ࢔ࣥࢢ࣭ࣟ࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩ࡛ࣗ࠶ࡾࠊࢤ࣮ࣜࢵࢡ࣭ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆ᥈ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿᅵ╔ࡢࢣࣝࢺ⣔࣮ࣟ࠿ࠋ᫬௦ࡣゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃὶືⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࣐࣭࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡࡢேࠎ࠿ࡽࡣ༊ูࡉࢀࡿᏑᅾ࡛ࡑࡢ୰࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿᩥᏛࡸⱁ⾡ࡣࠊᨻ἞࣭⤒῭࡜࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ㛵ಀࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥྠࡌࠊ♫఍ࡸᩥ໬ࢆసࡾୖࡆࡿ୍ࡘࡢࣃ࣮ࢶ࡛ࢻ࡜ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࢆ୰ᚰ࡟࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࡢṔྐࢆぢ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒࡞࡝㏆௦໬ࡢ୰࡛࡚࠸ࡃࠋ⠏࠿ࢀࡓᇶ┙ࡢୖ࡛ࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ⚾ࡓࡕࡣᬽࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᇶ┙ࡀᦂࡽࡄࡇ࡜ࡣࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ

(1) ࢖࢙࢖ࢶ௨๓ࡢ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ๓ᥦ࡛࠶ࡿᅜẸࡸẸ᪘ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ྛࠎࡀᣢࡘ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕࡟ࡘ࠸࡚෌ࡧ┿ 5 ୡ⣖ࠊࢣࣝࢺࡢᩥ໬࡜⊂⮬ࡢ᐀ᩍࢆᣢࡘ࢔ࡗྥ࠿ࡽྥࡁྜࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡟⪷ࣃࢺࣜࢵࢡࡀ᮶ᓥࡋࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺ

－ 11 －

ᩍࡀᣢࡕ㎸ࡲࢀࡓࠋ௨᮶ࠊᩗ⹥࡞࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡᩍ

࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡗࡓࠋ17 ୡ⣖࡟ᅜ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊෆ஘≧ែ࢜ࣜࣂ࣮࣭ࢡ࣒࢙ࣟ࢘ࣝ 2 (Oliver Cromwell࡛࠶ࡗࡓ 12 ୡ⣖ࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡟ࣀ࣐ࣝࣥே

1599-1658)ࡀ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻᨭ㓄ࢆᙉ໬ࡍࡿ࡟ࡀ౵ᨷࡋࠊ▐ࡃ㛫࡟࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࡢ㤳㒔ࢲࣈࣜ࠶ࡓࡾࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ඲ேཱྀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚᪂ᩍ࡛࠶ࣥࡀ࠶ࡿࣞࣥࢫࢱ࣮ᕞࢆไᅽࡋࡓࠋࣀ࣐ࣝࣥே

ࡿࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺ࡬ࡢᨵ᐀ࢆᙉせࡋࠊ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࡀ㞄ᅜ࡟ᙉຊ࡞⋤ᅜࢆ⠏ࡁᑐᢠໃຊ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜

ࢡᩍᚐ࡬ࡢᙎᅽࢆᙉࡵࡓࠋ18 ୡ⣖ึ㢌࡟ࡣࣉࣟࢆᜍࢀࠊ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ⋤࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࣮࣊ࣥࣜ㸰ୡࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢඃ఩ࢆ⬣࠿ࡉ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࠊ㑇⏘┦⥆ࡣᙉ኱࡞ᡓຊ࡛࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡬ᨷࡵධࡗࡓࠋࡇࡸ೉ᆅᶒ࡞࡝࡟ᕪูⓗ࡞ἲไᗘࡀ☜❧ࡉࢀࠊ࢝ࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࣀ࣐ࣝࣥேࡣࣞࣥࢫࢱ࣮ᕞ඲ᅵࢆ⊩ࢺࣜࢵࢡᩍᚐࡓࡕࡣᅵᆅࢆኻ࠸ࠊᐩ࡜ᶒຊࢆᤸୖࡋࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࡣ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻࡢᨭ㓄ࡍࡿᥱࡍࡿࡢࡣࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺᩍᚐ࡬࡜⛣⾜ࡋࡓࠋ࡜ࡇࢁ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ࠿ࡽࡢධ

ࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡᩍᚐࡓࡕࡣ㈋ᅔࡢ᫬௦ࢆ

᳜ࡀ㐍ࡳࠊ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻࡢ㈗᪘㝵⣭ࡀ࢔࢖ࣝࣛ

⏕ࡁࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻࡢᨭ㓄࡜ᙎࣥࢻࡢᅵᆅࢆᨭ㓄ࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᙼࡽࡣධ᳜ࡋ

ᅽ࠿ࡽ㏨ࢀࡼ࠺࡜ 20 ୡ⣖࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࠊ࢔࢖ࣝᨭ㓄ࡍࡿ୍᪉࡛ἲᩚഛࢆ⾜࠸ࠊෆ஘ࡀ⥆࠸ࡓ࢔ࣛࣥࢻ࡜࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻࡢ㛫࡛᩿⥆ⓗ࡟ᡓ࠸ࡀ㉳࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡟ᖹ࿴࡜⛛ᗎࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓ

ࡇࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ1791 ᖺࠊⱥ௖ᡓதࢆࡁࡗ࠿ࡵᙼࡽࡢ୍㒊ࡣ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻேࡓࡕ࡟ཷࡅධࢀࡅ࡜ࡋ࡚࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ࠿ࡽࡢỴู࡜⊂❧ࢆ┠ⓗࡽࢀࡓࠋ᳜Ẹ⪅࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻᩥᏛ࡜ࡋࡓࣘࢼ࢖ࢸࢵࢻ࣭࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩ࣓ࣗࣥ༠఍3ࡀ⪅ࡢಖㆤࡸ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻㄒࡢ⩦ᚓࢆ⾜࠺⪅ࡶ࠾⤖ᡂࡉࢀࡓࠋ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻྛᆅ࡛Ṋຊ㜚தࢆ㢖ࡾࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻே࡜⤖፧ࡋࡓ౛ࡶከࡃ࠶ࡗࡓࠋⓎࡉࡏࡓࡀࠊྠ᫬࡟ᩥ໬ⓗ࡞㠃ࡢ᚟⯆㐠ືࡶ⾜ࡲࡓࠊ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ⋤ࡢ௦⌮࡛࠶ࡿ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࡗࡓࠋࣘࢼ࢖ࢸࢵࢻ࣭࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩ࣓ࣗࣥࡣࡑࡢࢻ⥲╩ࡣ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡟ఫࡴ㈗᪘࠿ࡽ௵࿨ࡉࢀ

ྡࡢ㏻ࡾࠊ᐀ὴ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡉࢀࡎࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡟࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵࠊ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ⋤ࡣ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡟ఫࡴ඲࡚ࡢேࠎࡢ⤫୍ࢆᨻ἞ⓗ᪉㔪࡜ࡋ࡚ᥖࡆ

࠾࠸࡚⤫἞ࡢᐇᶒࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࣘࢼ࢖ࢸࢵࢻ࣭࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗࡵࠊධ᳜ࡋࡓ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻேࡢ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ໬࣓ࣥ࡟ࡼࡿࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒㐠ື࡟ࡣࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࡀ㐍ࡳࠊࡇࡢ≧ἣࢆ༴᝹ࡋࡓ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻࡀࠊࣥࢺࡢ▱㆑ேࡓࡕࡀᣦᑟ⪅ⓗᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸

࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ㈗᪘࡜ࢤ࣮ࣜࢵࢡ࣭࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗ

ࡓࠋ4 ࡇࡇ࡟ 1922 ᖺ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ⮬⏤ᅜタ❧ࢆ㝸㞳ࡍࡿᨻ⟇ࢆᡴࡕฟࡋࡓࡀࠊຠຊࢆⓎࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃࠊධ᳜ࡋࡓ㈗᪘ࡓࡕࡢ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻே
࡜ࡢྠ໬ࡣ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡗࡓࠋ15 ୡ⣖࡟ࡣ࢔࢖ࣝࣛ
ࣥࢻ㈗᪘ࡢ୍㒊࡛ࡶ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ࠿ࡽࡢ⊂❧ࢆồࡵࡿኌࡀቑ࠼ࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ࣮࣊ࣥࣜ8 ୡ
ࡣ1541 ᖺ࡟⮬ࡽࡀ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ⋤࡟ᑵ௵ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᐉゝࡋࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࢆ᏶඲࡟࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻࡢᨭ㓄ୗ࡟⨨࠸ࡓࠋ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࠿ࡽ࢔࢖
ࣝࣛࣥࢻⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࢆ඲࡚᤼㝖ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࠊ࢖ࣥࢢ
ࣛࣥࢻ໬ࢆᙉ⾜࡟᥎ࡋ㐍ࡵࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚᐀ᩍᨵ㠉࡟ࡼࡾࠊⱥᅜࡣࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺᩍᅜ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡑࢀ࡟క࠸ࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡟ఫࡴ㈗᪘ࡽࡶࣉࣟ
ࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺᩍᚐ1࡜࡞ࡾࠊࡑࡢᐙ⣔ࡀ࢔ࣥࢢ࣭ࣟ
1᐀ᩍᨵ㠉௨๓ࡢධ᳜⪅ࡋࡓ࢔ࣥࢢࣟࢧࢡࢯࣥ⣔࣮࣐ࣟ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡࡢேࠎࡀ࣮࢜ࣝࢻ࢖ࣥࢢࣜࢵࢩࣗࠊ᐀ᩍᨵ㠉௨ᚋ࡟ධ᳜ࡋࡓ࢔ࣥࢢࣟࢧࢡࢯࣥ⣔ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢேࠎࡀ
࢔ࣥࢢ࣭ࣟ࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩ࡛ࣗ࠶ࡿࠋ(Connolly,1995:114-143)
2ࣆ࣮ࣗࣜࢱࣥ㠉࿨ࡢᣦᑟ⪅ࠋ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ཯ᨻᗓ
ໃຊࡢṾ⁛ཬࡧࠊ඲ேཱྀࡢ᪂ᩍᚐ(ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺ)࡬ࡢᨵ
᐀࡜࠸࠺⤫἞᪉㔪࡟ࡼࡾࠊ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻࡢ⤫἞ࢆᚭᗏࡋ࡚
⾜ࡗࡓࠋ(Ἴከ㔝 1998:122)
3  ᖺ࡟⌧໭࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࡢ࣋ࣝࣇ࢓ࢫࢺ࡛⤖ᡂࠋ᐀ὴࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻேࡢᅋ⤖ࠊ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡᩍᚐࡢゎᨺ࡜࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ㆟఍ࡢᨵ㠉ࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓࠋᨻ἞ⓗ࡞ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜ
ࢬ࣒㐠ືࢆ⾜ࡗࡓẸ᪘୺⩏ⓗ⤌⧊ࠋ
4 ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ࡛ⱥᅜᅜᩍ఍ࡀྎ㢌ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ࢔࢖
ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᅜᩍ఍ὴࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࠊࣉࣟࢫࣅ
ࢸࣜ࢔ࣥὴࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺ 㠀ᅜᩍ఍ὴ ࠊ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡࡢ㸱ࡘࡢ᐀ὴࡀᏑᅾࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡲ࡛ᨭ㓄⪅ᒙ࡛࠶ࡾ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥ
ࢻ㆟఍ࡸࡑࡢ௚බඹࡢᶵ㛵࡟ᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࣉࣟࢫࣅࢸࣜ࢔ࣥὴࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡓࡕࡣ᤼㝖ࡉࢀࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢᨻ἞࡟㛵ࢃࡿ㠃ࡣ඲࡚ᅜᩍ఍ὴ࡟ࡼࡾ⊂༨ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ㠀ᅜᩍ఍ὴࡢࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡓࡕࡀࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒㐠ື࡟ཧຍࡋࡓࠋ Ἴከ㔝  － 12 －࡬ྥ࠿࠺࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡀⴌⱆ࡛ࣥ⏕ࡲࢀࡓࠋ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻリே࣭๻సᐙ࡜ࡋࢆࡳࡿࠋ࡚ᗈࡃྡࢆ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᙼࡶࡲࡓࣉࣟࢸࢫ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟᐀ὴࢆ㉸࠼࡚ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡀάࢱࣥࢺ࡛࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ⣔ࡢ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ㈗᪘ࡢⓎ໬ࡍࡿࡢ୰ࠊ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ࡛ࡣ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻᐙ⣔࡟⏕ࡲࢀࡓ࢔ࣥࢢ࣭ࣟ࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩ࡛ࣗ࠶ࡗၥ㢟ࡢ᪩ᮇゎỴࡀᥖࡆࡽࢀࠊ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡࢆᅽಽࡓࠋ⏬ᐙ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ∗ぶࡣ࢟ࣝࢹ࢔ᕞฟ㌟ࡢ㈗᪘ⓗᑡᩘὴ࡜ࡋࡑࡢ⬣ጾࢆ᤼㝖ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ1800ࡢ⾑ࢆཷࡅࡘ࠸࡛࠾ࡾࠊ᭮♽∗ࡣ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻᖺࡢⱥ࣭࢔࢖᮲⣙⥾⤖࡟ࡼࡾࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࢆ᭱኱࡛࠶ࡿᅜᩍ఍⣔ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢᩍ఍ࠊthe㐃ྜᅜ࡜ࡋࡓࠋࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢫࢺࡓࡕࡢ཯ᑐࢆᢲ

Church of Ireland(࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻᅜᩍ఍)ࡢ∾ᖌࡋษࡾࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ㆟఍ࡣ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ㆟఍࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊẕぶࡣࢫࣛ࢖ࢦ࣮ᕞฟ㌟ࡢ⿱

࡟ేྜࡉࢀࡓࡢࡔࠋࡲࡓࠊ1845 ᖺ࡟ࡣ኱㣚㤡ࡀ⚟࡞ၟேࡢᐙ⣔࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ1867 ᖺ࡟ࡣ∗࡜ඹ࡟

Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ㣚㣹࡟ࡼࡾṚஸ⪅࡜ᅜእࣟࣥࢻࣥ࡟㌿ᒃࡍࡿࡀࠊ1880 ᖺ∗ࡢ㒔ྜ࡟ࡼࡾ⬺ฟ⪅ࡀቑຍࡋࠊேཱྀࡣ༙ศ௨ୗ࡟⃭ῶࡋࡓࠋ෌ࡧࢲࣈࣜࣥ࡟ᡠࡿࠋ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡣ⨾⾡Ꮫᰯ࡟ධࡇࡢ༴ᶵⓗ≧ἣ࡜ࠊ㣚㤡࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ

Ꮫࡋ࡚⏬ᐙࢆᚿࡍࡀࠊᅾᏛ୰࡟⏬ᐙ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃリࡢᑐᛂ࡟ࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢫࢺࡓࡕࡣ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻே࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㐨ࢆᚿࡋࡓࠋ1885 ᖺࠊࢪ࣭ࣙࣥ࢜ࣜ⮬἞ἲࡢᚲせᛶࢆࡼࡾᙉࡃ㆟఍࡟ッ࠼⥆ࡅࡓࠋ࢔࣮ࣜ(John O’Leary, 1830-1907)࡜ࡢฟ఍࠸

19 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࠊྜἲⓗ࡞ᡭẁ࡛ࡣᇝࡀ࠶

ࡀࠊ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࢆࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒࡬࡜ᑟ࠸ࡓࠋ࢜࠿࡞࠸࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢫࢺᛴ㐍ὴࡀᭀຊⓗࣜ࢔࣮ࣜࡣ IRB ࡢᣦᑟ⪅ࡢ୍ே࡛࠶ࡾࠊᛴ㐍ⓗᡭẁ࡟ࡼࡾ᢬ᢠࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ1847 ᖺ࡟ࡣ㟷࡞⊂❧㐠ືࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ࢜ࣜ࢔࣮ࣜ࡜ࠊඹ࡟ᖺ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻඪ5ࡀ⤖ᡂࡉࢀࠊేྜἲ᧔ᗫ㐠ືάືࡍࡿேࠎࡣࢺ࣮࣐ࢫ࣭ࢹ࢖ࣦ࢕ࢫ(Thomasࡢ୰ᚰࢆᢸࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ 1858 ᖺ࡟ࡣ IRB(IrishDavis,1814-45) 7 ࡢẸ᪘ព㆑ࡢᣢࡕ᪉ࢆᐜㄆࡋ

Republic Brotherhood)6ࡀタ❧ࡉࢀࠊ࢖ࣥࢢ࡚ࣛ࠸ࡓࠋࢹ࢖ࣦ࢕ࢫࡣࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࡣ࠶ࡃࡲࣥࢻࡢᨭ㓄ࠊ᐀ᩍᙎᅽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚Ṋຊ࡟ࡼࡾ⊂❧࡛࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛ࠊ

㐠ືࢆ⾜࠺࡜࠸࠺㠀ྜἲᡭẁ࡟ࡼࡿ㐣⃭࡞⾜Ⅽ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻࡢせ⣲ࡣ᤼㝖ࡍ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜୺ᙇࡋࡓࠋࢆ⃭໬ࡉࡏࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢼࢩࣙࢼ୍ࣜ᪉ࠊ࠸࠿࡞ࡿ♽ඛࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᅜࢬ࣒ࡣᭀຊⓗ࡞㠃ࢆᙉࡃᣢࡘࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࢆឡࡋ௙࠼ࡿ࡞ࡽࠊࡳࢇ࡞࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻே࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡶ㏙࡭ࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻேࡢᐃ⩏ࢆ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡟ఫࡴ඲࡚ࡢᅜẸ࡟ᗈࡆࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(ᇼ㉺(2) ࢖࢙࢖ࢶ࡜࠸࠺ே≀

1987:76-77)࢔ࣥࢢ࣭ࣟ࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩ࡛ࣗ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊѸ ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒࡬ࡢඹឤ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡟ឡᅜᚰࢆᣢࡘࡶࡢࡣ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻே࡛࠶ࡿࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡇࡢ⪃࠼ࡣ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࡢ ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻᨭ㓄࠿ࡽ㏨ࢀࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢫࢺࡓࡕ࡟ࡼࡿ㐣⃭࡞άືࡀάⓎ໬ࡍࡿ୰ࠊ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡣ 1865 ᖺ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࡢ㤳㒔ࢲࣈࣜ
5 1842 ᖺ࡟ేྜἲ᧔ᅇ㐠ືࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࢺ࣐ࢫ࣭ࢹ࢖ࣦ࢕ࢫ(Thomas Davis,1814-45)ࡽࡢᣦᑟ࡟ࡼࡾⓎ㊊ࠋ᐀ᩍࢆ㉸㉺ࡋࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡟ఫࡴேࠎࡢẸ᪘⢭⚄ࢆ㧗ᥭࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࠊࢣࣝࢺࡢṔྐࡸᩥᏛࡢ◊✲ࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻㄒ᚟⯆࡞࡝ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ㞧ㄅࠕࢨ࣭ࢿ࢖ࢩࣙࣥࠖ࡟ࡼࡾࡑࡢ㐠ືࢆᗈࡵࡓࠋ
6 ࣇ࢙ࢽ࢔ࣥ ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻඹ࿴୺⩏ᅋ ࡟ࡼࡿ㐠ືࡢ㠉࿨ⓗ୰᰾࡜ࡋ࡚タ❧ࡉࢀࡓ⛎ᐦ⤖♫ࠋᚋ࡟࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ⣔࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ேࡢᨭ᥼ࢆཷࡅ࡚࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ⩏ຬ㌷࡜
࡞ࡾࠊ,5$ ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻඹ࿴㌷ ࡢẕయ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋἼከ㔝 

⊂❧㐠ື࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡓࠋࡇࡢࢹ࢖ࣦ࢕ࢫࡢ⌮ᛕ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡓ࢜ࣜ࢔࣮ࣜ࡜࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡢฟ఍࠸ࡣࠊ࢖࢙࢖ࢶ⮬㌟ࡀ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻឡᅜ୺⩏⪅࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⮬ぬࡉࡏࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒㐠ື࡬࡜㥑ࡾ❧࡚ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡬ࡢឡᅜᚰࢆ෌ㄆࡋࠊᥥࡃ࡭ࡁ୺㢟ࢆぢฟࡋࡓ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡣࠊリே࡜ࡋ࡚ᮏ᱁ⓗ7㟷ᖺ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻඪ WKH<RXQJ,UHODQG ࡢᖿ㒊࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࢔ࣥࢢ࣭ࣟ࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩ࡛ࣗ࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡゎᨺ࡜࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࡢ⊂❧㐠ືࢆᨭ᥼ࡍࡿ㞧ㄅࠕࢨ࣭ࢿ࢖ࢩࣙࣥࠖࡢ୺➹࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

－ 13 －࡟άືࢆ㛤ጞࡋࠊリࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᅜẸࡢࢣࣝࢺ⢭⚄ΰἁ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢲࣈࣜࣥ࡜ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ⮬↛㇏ࡢ෌ᵓࢆヨࡳࡓࠋ1887 ᖺ࡟෌ࡧᐙ᪘࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࣟ࠿࡛㛗㛩࡞ᚰࡢᨾ㒓࡛࠶ࡾࠊリே࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ᝿ീ

ࣥࢻࣥ࡟⛣ࡿࡀࠊᗂᑡᮇ࠿ࡽ㢖⦾࡟ゼࢀ࡚࠸ࡓຊࢆ่⃭ࡉࢀࠊᗁ᝿ⓗ࡞࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻᛶࢆ⮬㌟ẕࡢᐇᐙࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࡢࢫࣛ࢖ࢦ࣮࡟ࡣࠊࣟࡢసရ࡟ྲྀࡾ㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣึᮇࡢసရ

ࣥࢻࣥᅾ୰࡟ࡶࡋࡤࡋࡤゼࢀࡓࠋࢫࣛ࢖ࢦ࣮ࡣ

ࡢ࠺ࡕ᭱ࡶ᭷ྡ࡞リࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ The Lake࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࡢẸヰࡀཱྀᢎఏᤵ࡟ࡼࡾከࡃㄒࡾ

Isle of Innisfree ࡟⾲ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

⥅ࡀࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᆅᇦ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࢖࢙࢖ࢶ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࢫࣛ࢖ࢦ࣮ࡣࠊ኱㒔఍ࣟࣥࢻࣥࡸᨭ㓄ୗ࡜ࡋ࡚

The Lake Isle of Innisfree
I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree,
And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made;Nine bean-rows will I have there, a hive for the honey-bee,
And live alone in the bee-loud glade.
And I shall have some peace there, for peace comes dropping slow,
Dropping from the veils of the morning to where the cricket sings;
There midnight’s all a glimmer, and noon a purple glow,
And evening full of the linnet’s wings.
I will arise and go now, for always night and day
I hear lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore;
While I stand on the roadway, or on the pavements grey,
I hear it in the deep heart’s core.
(The Collected Poems of W.B. Yeats 1989)ᐇᅾࡍࡿࢫࣛ࢖ࢦ࣮ࡢࢠࣝ†࡟ᾋ࠿ࡪᓥ࡛࠶ࡿ

poems(ࠗ࢔ࢩ࣮ࣥࡢᨺᾉ8࡜ࡑࡢ௚ࡢリ࠘1889)

Innisfree ࡀ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡢᚰࡢᨭ࠼࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢆฟ∧ࡋࠊリே࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᆅ఩ࢆ☜❧ࡋࡓࠋ⚄ヰࡇ࡜ࡀㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊึᮇࡢリ࠿ࡽࡸẸヰࢆ㢟ᮦ࡜ࡋࠊࡑࡇ࡟⮬ࡽࡢឡᅜᚰࢆᢞᙳࡣᆅ఩ࡸ᐀ᩍ࡟ᅃࢃࢀ࡞࠸࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻே࡜ࡋࡋࡓ≀ㄒࡸリࢆᥥࡃࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࢣࣝࢺ⢭⚄ࡢ᚟⯆࡚ࡢᨾ㒓࡬ࡢᛮ࠸ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ឡᅜᚰࡀከࡃ཯ᫎࡉ࡟ຊࢆὀࡂࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻேࡢ㄂ࡾࢆྠࡌឡᅜࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࡢẸヰࡸ⚄ヰ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࣇ࢛࣮ࢡࣟ࢔ࢆ཰㞟ࡋࡓ Fairy and Folktales of Irish Peasantry(ࠗ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ㎰Ẹ࡟ఏࢃࡿዿ⢭≀ㄒ࡜Ẹヰ࠘1888)ࡸࠊ⚄ヰࢆ㍈࡜ࡋ ࡓ The Wanderings of Oisin and Other8ࢣࣝࢺ⚄ヰఏㄝୖࡢே≀࢔ࢩ࣮ࣥࡢ≀ㄒࠋᅜࡢຬ⪅࡛࠶ࡾඃࢀࡓリே࡛࠶ࡾࠊዿ⢭ࢽ࢔࣮ࣈ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟᪑࡟ฟ࡚ᴦᅬ࡟ࡓ࡝ࡾ╔ࡃࠋࡑࡇ࡛  ᖺ㛫ክࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᬽࡽࡋ
ࢆ㏦ࡿࡀࠊ࢔ࢩ࣮ࣥࡀᖐ㒓ࢆᮃࡴࠋࢽ࢔࣮ࣈࡣࡑࢀࢆチྍࡍࡿࡀࠊࠕỴࡋ࡚㤿࠿ࡽ㝆ࡾ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜ᛅ࿌ࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆᏲࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࢔ࢩ࣮ࣥࡣࠊ኱ᆅ࡟㝆ࡾࡓ㏵➃ࠊ ṓࡢ⪁ே࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋ－ 14 －⪅ࡓࡕ࡟ఏ࠼ࡼ࠺࡜ヨࡳࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊJ.M.ࢩࣥࢢ

࠶ࡿẸ᪘ࡢᒃఫᆅᇦࡀ௚ࡢẸ᪘ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜

(John Millington Synge, 1871-1909)9 ࡸࢢࣞࡍࡿ኱ࡁ࡞ᅜᐙࡢ୍㒊࡟ໟᦤࡉࢀࠊᑡᩘ

ࢦ࣮ࣜኵே(Lady Isabella Augusta Gregory,ὴ࡜ᡂࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᒓࡋ࡚࠸1852-1932)10ࡽ࡜ඹ࡟ࠊリࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᐇ㊶ࡓᅜᐙ࠿ࡽศ⿣ࡋ࡚⊂❧ᅜᐙࢆࡶ࡜࠺࡜ⓗ࡞₇๻㐠ືࢆ㛤ጞࡋࡓࠋ1899 ᖺ࡟ࡣ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࡍࡿ࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡑࡢᅜᐙࡢ୰࡛ᨻ἞ⓗࣥࢻᩥⱁᗙ㸦The Irish Literary Theatre㸧ࢆ๰⮬἞ࢆ⋓ᚓࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ㐠ືࠋ(ሷᕝタࡋࠊ᭦࡞ࡿάືࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚ࠊ1904 ᖺ࡟ࡣ⌧ᅾ

2008:23)ࡢ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻᅜ❧๻ሙ࡜ࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀࡿ࢔࣋࢖
ᗙ(The Abbey Theater)ࢆ๰タࡋࡓࠋ₇๻άື࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࠕẸ᪘ࠖࡢᤊ࠼᪉ࡢࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࢣࣝࢺᩥ໬࡟ࡼࡿᅜẸࡢ⤫୍ࢆᅜẸ࡟㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡾࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡣ௨ୗࡢ 2 ࡘࡢᙧ┤᥋ᢞࡆ࠿ࡅࡓࠋែࡀᏑᅾࡋࡓࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࢆ୰ᚰ࡟࢔࢖ࣝࣛ[1] ࢤ࣮ࣜࢵࢡ࣭࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࡋࡓ᐀ࣥࢻᩥⱁ᚟⯆㐠ືࡀ㉳ࡇࡾࠊࢣࣝࢺࡢẸヰࠊ⚄ᩍ࡜Ṕྐࢆඹ᭷ࡍࡿࢤ࣮ࣜࢵࢡ࣭࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗヰࠊࡑࡋ࡚⚄ヰࡢ୰ࡢⱥ㞝ࢆリࠊࡑࡋ࡚⯙ྎ࡬ࡽࡀࠊᅋ⤖ࡋ⊂❧ࢆ┠ᣦࡍࠋ࡜஌ࡏࡓࠋ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻᅜẸ࡟࣮ࣝࢶ࡛࠶ࡿ㄂

[2] ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡢࡼ࠺࡞࢔ࣥࢢ࣭ࣟ࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗࡾ㧗ࡁࢣࣝࢺᩥ໬ࢆ෌ㄆ㆑ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊࡶཧຍࡋࡓࠊ᐀ᩍࡸṔྐࢆ㉸࠼࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻᅜ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ⊂⮬ࡢᅜẸᩥᏛࢆ෌ᵓࡋࠊᅜẸࢆẸ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ୍㈏ᛶࢆసࡾୖࡆࠊ⊂❧ࢆ┠ᣦࡍࠋ⤫୍࡟ᑟࡃ࡭ࡃࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢫࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚✚ᴟⓗ࡟♫఍ே㢮Ꮫ⪅࡛࠶ࡿࢤࣝࢼ࣮(Ernest Gellnerၨⵚάືࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ1925-1995)ࡣࢼࢩࣙࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᐃ⩏࡜ࡑࡇ࡟࠶ࡿឤ᝟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

3. ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒࡜࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒࡜ࡣ➨୍⩏ⓗ࡟ࡣࠊᨻ἞
(1) ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒࡬ࡢᗁ⁛ⓗ࡞༢఩ the political unit ࡜Ẹ᪘ⓗ࡞༢఩ the national unit ࡜ࡀ୍⮴ࡋ࡞ࡅ ᩥⱁ᚟⯆࡜࠸࠺࠿ࡓࡕ࡛ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢫࢺ࡜ࡋ

ࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜୺ᙇࡍࡿ୍ࡘࡢᨻ἞ⓗ࡚⊂❧㐠ືࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࢖࢙࢖ࢶ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢࢼཎ⌮࡛࠶ࡿࠋឤ᝟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㐠ࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒࡬ࡢ㝈⏺ࢆぢࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋື࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡣࠊࡇࡢཎ⌮ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡣከᵝ࡞⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡀⓎ⏕࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᭱ࡶ㐺ษ࡟ᐃ⩏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡍࡿᅜࡸᆅᇦࠊᨻ἞≧ἣୗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᵝࠎ࡟␗࡞ࡁࡿࠋࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢឤ᝟࡜ࡣࠊࡇࡢ

ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊሷᕝ(2008)ࡣࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࢆ㸲ࡘཎ⌮ࢆ౵ᐖࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ႏࡧ㉳ࡢ㢮ᆺ࡟ศ㢮ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࡢࢼࢩࣙࡇࡉࢀࡿᛣࡾࡢẼᣢࡕ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓࠊࡇࢼࣜࢬ࣒࡟ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿ㢮ᆺࡣࠊḟࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡢཎ⌮ࡀᐇ⌧ࡉࢀࡓ᫬࡟⏕ࡌࡿ‶ࡕ㊊ࡾࡓẼศ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ㐠ື࡜ࡣࠊࡇࡢ✀ࡢឤ᝟࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ືᶵ௜ࡅࡽ
ࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡟࡯࠿࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ(ࢤࣝࢼ࣮2000:1 (Gellner 1983:1))

9࢔ࣥࢢ࣭ࣟ࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗࡢリே࣭๻సᐙ࣭ᑠㄝᐙࠋࠕࢤ࣮ࣝㄒྠ┕ࠖࡢᙳ㡪࡛࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻㄒࡸ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻⱥㄒ࡟ࡶ㛵ᚰࡀ㧗࠸ே≀࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻⱥㄒࢆ㥑౑ࡋࡓබᅬࡣዲホࢆ༤ࡋࠊ1908 ᖺ࡟ࡣ࢔࣋࢖ᗙࡢᨭ㓄ே࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ㸦㢼࿅ᮏ[⦅]2009,Ἑ㔝㸸198㸧
10 ࢔ࣥࢢ࣭ࣟ࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗࡢリே࣭๻సᐙࠋ࢖࢙࢖ࢶ࡜ඹྠ࡛࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࡢࣇ࢛࣮ࢡࣟ࢔཰㞟࡟ࡶᙜࡓࡗࡓࠋ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡢ₇๻άືࢆ㔠㖹㠃࡛ࡶᨭ᥼ࡋࡓࠋ

[1][2]ࡢ࠸ࡎࢀ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶẸ᪘࡜ࡑࡢẸ᪘ࡢୖ࡟࠶ࡿᨻ἞ࡀ୍⮴ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ཎ⌮ࡀ౵ᐖࡉࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋ[1]࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻࡢᨻ἞ࠊẸ᪘ࠊ－ 15 －

᐀ᩍ༢఩ࡀࠊ[2]࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣᨻ἞ࠊẸ᪘ࡢ༢఩ࡀ࡜ࡋ࡚ᩥⱁ᚟⯆㐠ືࢆඛᑟࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋᅗࡽࡎࡀ୍⮴ࡏࡎࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡟ఫࡴேࠎ࡟ࠕᛣࡾ࡜ࡶࡑࢀࡀ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࢆࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒࡬ࡢᗁ⁛ࡢẼᣢࡕࠖࡀἛࡁ㉳ࡇࡾࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒࡬࡜

࡬࡜ᑟ࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ1892 ᖺࠊ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡢᡙ᭤Ⓨᒎࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ

The Countess Cathleen (ࠗ࢟ࣕࢫ࣮ࣜࣥ఑∖ኵ ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡣࣇ࢛࣮ࢡࣟ࢔ࢆᮦᩱ࡟ࠊࢣࣝࢺࡢே࠘)ࡢึ₇࡛ࡣࠊ㣚㤡࡟ⱞࡋࡴ㎰Ẹࢆᩆ࠺ࡓࡵࠊ

ᩥ໬࡜Ṕྐࢆᨵࡵ࡚సࡾୖࡆࠊࡑࢀࢆ࢔࢖ࣝࣛ఑∖ኵேࡀ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻၟே࡟㨦ࢆ኎ࡿ࡜ゝ࠺ࣥࢻࡢ㄂ࡾ࡜ࡋ࡚Ⓨಙࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ

ࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜ࡟ࠊほᐈࡣᛣࡾࢆ࠶ࡽࢃ࡟ࡋࡓࠋほ࣒㐠ືࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻᅜẸࡢᇶ㍈࡜ࡋᐈࡣࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ㎰Ẹࡢ↓▱࡜ࠊ⌮᝿໬ࡉࢀ࡚ࢣࣝࢺࡢᩥ໬ࡸṔྐࢆ෌ᵓࡋࠊ⚄ヰ໬ࡉࢀࡓࡓᆅ୺ࡢ࢔ࣥࢢ࣭ࣟ࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗࡀᥥ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸

Ṕྐࢆࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒᥎㐍ࡢ⣊࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ

ࡿ࡜ཷࡅྲྀࡗࡓࡢࡔࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡣస⪅ࡢ㈗᪘

࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡛⏕ࡲࢀ⫱ࡗࡓ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊ

ព㆑ࡢ⾲ࢀ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᛣࡾࢆ࠶ࡽࢃ࡟ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ

࢔ࣥࢢ࣭ࣟ࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗࡢࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺᐙ⣔1907 ᖺࠊࢩࣥࢢ࡟ࡼࡿᡙ᭤ The Playboy of࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࢖࢙࢖ࢶ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕

Western World (ࠗすࡢᅜࡢࣉࣞ࢖࣮࣎࢖࠘)ࡀ

ࡢᶍ⣴࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡢᶍ

ࡉࢀࡓึ᪥࡟ᭀືࡀ㉳ࡇࡗࡓࠋ∗ぶࢆẅᐖࡋࡓ⣴ࡇࡑࡀࠊ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡀࠕ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻே࡛ࠖ࠶⏨࡟ࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࡢ⏣⯋ፉࡀᜊࢆࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡿ࡜࠸࠺࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࢆ☜࠿࡞ࡶࡢ࡟ࡋࡓ㒊ศ࡟ࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻᅜẸࡢ౲㎯࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㐨ᚨࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࢤ࣮ࣜࢵࢡ࣭࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗࡢேࠎⓗᴫᛕࢆởࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⫈⾗࠿ࡽ኱ࡁ࡞㠀࡜ྠࡌ୍ேࡢឡᅜ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᛣࡾࡢẼᣢࡕࢆඹ㞴ࢆཷࡅࡓࠋほᐈࡣୖ₇୰࡟ࡶጉᐖࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ᪂᭷࡛ࡁࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀ࢖࢙࢖ࢶ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢ

⪺࡟ࡶୖ₇୰Ṇࡢ່࿌ࡀฟࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᙜࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ᫬࢔࣋࢖ᗙࡢᨭ㓄ே࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡣࠊබ₇ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊྠࡌᅜ࡛㉳ࡇࡗࡓẸ᪘ព㆑ࡢ┦㐪࡟ࢆ୰Ṇࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃணᐃࡢୖ₇᪥⛬ࢆ⤊࠼ࡓࡀࠊࡼࡿ㸰ࡘࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡣࠊ஫࠸࡟⾪✺ࢆ㑊᭱⤊ୖ₇᪥࡟ࡣ㆙ᐁࡀฟືࡋ࡚๻ሙࢆྲྀࡾᅖࡴࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁࡎࠊࡲࡉ࡟࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡣ࢔ࣥࢢ

࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㦁ື࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢᡙ᭤࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽ࣭ࣟ࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࢤ࣮ࣜࢵࢡ࣭࢔࢖ࣜࢵࡢሙࢆᣢࡘࡓࡵ࡟๻ሙ࡛㞟఍ࢆ㛤࠸ࡓࡢࡔࡀࠊࢩࣗ࠿ࡽࡢᢈุࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡿࠋ࢖࢙࢖ࢶ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡣẸ⾗࡟ཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀࡎࠊ࢔ࣥࢢ࣭ࣟࡢඖ࡟ࡣ࢔ࣥࢢ࣭ࣟ࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩ࡛ࣗ࠶ࡾྠࡌᚿ࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗ࡜ࠊࢤ࣮ࣜࢵࢡ࣭࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗ࡜

ࢆᣢࡘ J.M.ࢩࣥࢢࠊࢢࣞࢦ࣮ࣜࡽࡀ㞟ࡲࡾࠊඹࡢᇙࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠸᐀ᩍ࡜ᆅ఩ࡢ⁁ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ⱁ⾡ᩥ࡟࢔ࣥࢢ࣭ࣟ࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕໬࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ₇๻࡟ᑐࡍࡿẸ⾗ࡢ↓⌮ゎࢆ┠ࡢᙜࢆᶍ⣴ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒㐠ືࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡓࡾ࡟ࡋࡓࡢࡔࠋ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡣࠊᕷẸࡣಖᏲⓗ࡛ඹ࡟タ❧ࡋࡓ๻ሙ࡛ࠊࢣࣝࢺࡢࣇ࢛࣮ࢡࣟ࢔ࢆᩍ㣴ࡀ↓࠸࡜Ⴣࡁࠊࡲࡓⱁ⾡ࡢ⮬⏤ࢆ୺ᙇࡋࡓࠋ

ඖ࡟ࡋࡓ₇๻ࢆᩘከࡃබ₇ࡋࡓࠋࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢫࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢほᐈࡢ⌮ゎ࡬ࡢᮇᚅࡀኻᮃ࡬࡜ኚࢃࢸ࢕ࢵࢡ࡞సရࡣほᐈ࡟ࡶ኱࠸࡟ཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀ

ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⮬ᕫ࡜ỴูࡍࡿᵝᏊࡀリ㞟ࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ୍᪉࡛࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࡢᗢẸࡢ⏕άࠗ Responsibility࠘࡟཰ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡟

ࡢ⌧ᐇࢆᥥ࠸ࡓసရ࡟ࠊほᐈࡣ཯ឤࢆ㟢ࢃ࡟ࡋᡤ཰ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ A Coat ࠿ࡽࡣ௨ᚋࡢリ࡟ࡶᙳࡓࠋࡑࡢཎᅉࡣࠊ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡࡢほᐈࡽ࡟ࡼࡿ㐣㡪ࡍࡿ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡢᙉ࠸ពᚿࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ๫࡜ࡶゝ࠼ࡿ཯ᛂࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡽࡢ
ᣢࡘ▱㆑ᒙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࢔ࣥࢢ࣭ࣟ࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗࡢ

A Coat㄂ࡾࡀ๻୰࡟ᇉ㛫ぢ࠼ࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ࢔࢖ࣝ

I made my song a coatࣛࣥࢻே࡜ࡋ࡚࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒

Covered with embroideries㐠ື࡟✚ᴟⓗ࡟㛵୚ࡋࠊ࢔ࣥࢢ࣭ࣟ࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗOut of old mythologies－ 16 －

From heel to throat;ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࠋ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼBut the fools caught it,ࣝ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕࡜ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒㐠ືࡢ㛵

Wore it in the world’s eyes㐃ᛶ࠿ࡽࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒࡬ࡢᗁ⁛࡟⮳ࡗࡓࣉAs thought they’d wrought it.

ࣟࢭࢫࢆ⪃ᐹࡋ࡚ࡺࡃࠋ

Song, let them take it ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡣඛ࡟For there’s more enterprise㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸰ࡘࡢ⣔⤫ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ

In walking naked.

ᛣࡾࡢẼᣢࡕࢆඹ᭷ࡋࠊẸ᪘࣭ᅜẸ࡜࠸࠺ྛࠎࡢ㞟ᅋࡢ༢఩࡛࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࢆ⤫୍ࡋࠊࡑ(The Collected Poems of W.B. Yeats 1989)

ࢀࢆᇶ㍈࡟ࡑࡢ㞟ᅋࡢព㆑ࢆ㧗ࡵࠊ⊂❧࡟ྥࡅ࡚㐠ືࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒࡟ࡘ࠸ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ྠࡌ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻே࡜ࡋ࡚ᅋ⤖ࢆ࿧ࡧ

࡚㏙࡭ࡿ୰࡛ࠕ㞟ᅋࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡤࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿ࠿ࡅ࡚࠸ࡓẸ⾗ࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ’fools’࡜ࡼࡧࠊ⮬㌟ࡣ

࡜ࡁࠊࡑࢀࡣ࢚ࢫࢽࢩࢸ࢕㸦Ẹ᪘㸧ࢆᣦࡍሙྜ

〄࡛Ṍ࠸࡚ࡺࡃࠊࡘࡲࡾࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⮬ᕫࢆ⬺ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓࢿ࢖ࢩࣙࣥ㸦ᅜẸ㸧ࢆᣦࡍሙྜࡶ

ࡂᤞ࡚࡚࠸ࡃỴ᩿ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ࢔࢖

࠶ࡿࠋ11 ࡘࡲࡾࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕

ࣝࣛࣥࢻࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢫࢺࡓࡕࢆ෭ῐ࡞┠࡛ぢࡣࠊ㞟ᅋⓗ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡢ୍ᙧែ࡜ࡋ࡚౑

ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࠊ⌧ᐇⓗ࡞どⅬ࠿ࡽ≀஦ࢆᤊ࠼ࠊ⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࡀࠊࡇࡢࠕࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝࠖ࡟

఍ヰⓗࠊ┤᥋ⓗ࡞リయ࡬࡜ኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡘ࠸࡚࢚ࢫࢽࢩࢸ࢕ࠊࢿ࢖ࢩࣙࣥࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࢆᙜࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢫࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㐠ື࠿ࡽࡣ㏥ࡁࠊ๻ሙ࡛

࡚ࡣࡵࡿ࠿࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡢព࿡ྜ࠸ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࠋࡣ᪥ᮏࡢ⬟ࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡓసရࢆබ₇ࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࠿ࡽ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻࢆ᤼㝖ࡋྲྀࡾᡠࣔࢲࢽࢫࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ୍㠃ࢆぢࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡍࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࢤ࣮ࣜࢵࢡ࣭࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡑࡋ࡚ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢫࢺ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡼࡾ୍ᒙࠊᩥࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢሙྜࠊࡇࡢࠕ㞟ᅋࠖࡣ A.

Ꮫ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㐨ࢆ㐍ࡴࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࢫ࣑ࢫࡢゝ࠺ࠕ࢚ࢺࢽࠖ࡜࠸࠺࢚ࢫࢽࢵࢡඹྠ⏕ᾭ࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡬ࡢឡᅜᚰࢆᤞ࡚

య࡟ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠋࠕ࢚ࢺࢽࠖ࡜ࡣࠊࠕඹ㏻ࡢྡࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ↓࠿ࡗࡓࠋ๓࣭⾑⤫࣭⚄ヰ࣭Ṕྐ࣭ᩥ໬࣭㡿ᅵࠊࡇࢀࡽ࡬ࡢ⤖ࡧࡘࡁࢆࡶࡘࡼ࠺࡞ேཱྀ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮࡛ࣜࠖ࠶(2)ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡢᦂࡽࡂ

ࡾࠊࠕ☜ᅛ࡜ࡋࡓ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕࡜㐃యឤࢆࡶࡘඹྠయ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ(࢔ࣥࢺࢽ࣮࣭D࣭ࢫ࣑ࢫ ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒࡬ࡢඹឤ࡜ᗁ⁛ࡢ1999:37)ࡑࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡣඹ㏻ࡢせ⣲࡬㐣⛬࠿ࡽࠊ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡢ୰࡟࠶ࡿ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸࡢឡ╔࡜㞟ᅋ࡬ࡢᖐᒓឤ࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋ(୰㇂࢕ࡣࠊリࡸάືࡢኚ໬࡟ࡶ⾲ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟኱2003) ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡣ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻேࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼࡁࡃኚ໬ࡋࡓࠋ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕࡜ࡣࠊ♫఍ⓗࣝ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡢ⤫୍ࢆヨࡳࡓࡀࠊࡑࡇ࡟ᙺ๭ࢆ௚⪅ࡢᢎㄆ࡟ࡼࡾ୚࠼ࡽࢀࠊࡑࢀ࡟ࡩࡉࡣ࢖࢙࢖ࢶ⮬㌟ࡀ⌮᝿࡜ࡋࡓࢿ࢖ࢩࣙࣥࡢࢃࡋ࠸ࠕ⚾ࠖࢆ₇ࡌࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡀᥖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡿࠋ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡣ௚⪅(࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡢリࡸ₇๻࡟ඹឤࢤ࣮ࣜࢵࢡ࣭࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗࡓࡕࡣ࢚ࢫࢽࢵࢡඹࡍࡿேࠎ)࡟ࡼࡾ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻே࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࢔࢖

ྠయࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࢆᖖ࡟ᥖࡆ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࢆ☜❧ࡋࠊࡑࡋ࡚௚⪅(๻୰࡟ᭀືࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡓேࠎ)࡟ࡼࡾ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻே࡜ࡋ࡚
ࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡀ⬣࠿ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊᅜẸࡸẸ᪘࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⮬ᕫព㆑࡛࠶ࡿ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡣࠊ୍⯡ⓗ࡟ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ࢔࢖

11 ⱥᅜࡣ⌧໭࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࣭࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ࣭࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬ࣭ࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ࡜࠸࠺」ᩘࡢࢿ࢖ࢩࣙࣥࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࢿ
࢖ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒࡢẸ᪘࡜࠸࠺࡟㏆࠸ព࿡ࢆᣢࡘࠋ
(ሷᕝ 2012:15)ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࢣࣝࢺẸ᪘ࡢ⾑ࢆᘬࡃேࠎࢆ࢚ࢫࢽࢩࢸ࢕ࠊ
Ẹ᪘ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻᅜẸ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㞟ᅋࢆࢿ࢖ࢩࣙࣥ࡜ࡋࠊ௨ᚋ౑⏝ࡍࡿࠋ－ 17 －࢙࢖ࢶࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ⌮ᛕ࡜㐠ື࡟ඹឤࡋ

ࣜࢵࢡ࣭࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗࡓࡕࡀ㋃ࡳධࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ

࡚࠸ࡓࢤ࣮ࣜࢵࢡ࣭࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗࡣከࡃᏑᅾࡋฟ᮶࡞࠸ᇶ┙ࢆᅗࡽࡎ࡜ࡶࡑࡇ࡟⠏࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡓࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠊࡑࡢඹឤࡢ᰿ᗏ࡟ࡣ␗࡞ࡗࡓ࢚ࢫ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡽࡣᩥⱁ᚟⯆㐠ືࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࢣ

ࢽࢵࢡඹྠయࡀᏑᅾࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࣝࢺࡢṔྐࡸᩥ໬ࢆ᐀ᩍࡸ㝵⣭ࡢᇉ᰿ࢆ㉺࠼࡚ࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡢ⤫୍࡟ࡣ⤖ࡧࡘ࠿ࡎࠊ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡣ₇ࠕ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻேࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ

๻㐠ື࡟ࡼࡿࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒㐠ື࠿ࡽ㌟ࢆᘬ࠸

࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࢆ☜ᅛࡓࡿࡶࡢ࡟ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢᇶ┙ࡢ㐪࠸ࢆ㉸࠼࡚⤖ࡤࢀࡿࡇ ࡲࡓࠊ㞟ᅋⓗ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕࡜ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜ࡜ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋᩥⱁ᚟⯆㐠ືࠊ≉࡟₇๻㐠ື࡟ࢬ࣒࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ♫఍Ꮫ⪅ A.ࢠࢹࣥࢬࡣࡑࡢᐦ᥋

ࡼࡗ࡚ࡑࡢ┦㐪ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡾࠊ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡢ⌮࡞㛵ಀᛶࢆ㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡣࠊ᝿࡜ࡋࡓࠕ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻேࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼࡓࢇ࡟㞟ᅋⓗ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡢᇶ┙ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࣝ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡀᔂቯࡋࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࢼࢩࣙࢼࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㞟ᅋⓗ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸࣜࢬ࣒㐠ືࡢᇶ┙ࡍࡽ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㟢ࢃ࢕ࡀ㝿❧ࡗࡓࠊ㈗㔜࡞㐩ᡂࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ࡟࡞ࡾࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᗁ⁛࡬࡜⧅ࡀࡗࡓࡢド᫂ࡍࡿ⬦⤡ࡢ୰࡛ࠊ㞟ᅋⓗ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡢᇶ┙ࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡣࠊẚ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࢚ࢫࢽࢵࢡ㞟ᅋࡈ࡜ࡢ᰿ᗏ࡟࠶

㍑ⓗ᪂ࡋ࠸㢮ᆺࡢཎ⌮࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࡀࠊ㐣ཤࡿࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡢᴫᛕࡢ㐪࠸࡜ࠊࡢ୰࡟ࡋࡗ࠿ࡾᢞ㘌ࡉࢀࡓ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࢆࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒࡜࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࢆᚓࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺㢪ᮃ࡟ッ࠼࠿ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࠖ(A࣭ࢠࢹぢࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᇶ┙࡜࡞ࡿࣥࢬ 1999:247-8)㞟ᅋࢆ࢚ࢫࢽࢵࢡඹྠయ࡜ࡋ࢚ࢫࢽࢵࢡඹྠయࡢ㐪࠸ࡀࠊ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡢࢼࢩ࡚ࣙᤊ࠼ࡿ࡜ࡁࠊࡑࡢඹྠయࡀᣢࡘ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᗁ⁛࡟ከ኱࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢸ࢕ࡣࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᇶ┙࡜࡞ࡾࠊࡑࡢᇶ┙ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡣ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡟⏕ࡲࢀࠊࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ⮬ศࢆᖐᒓ♫఍࡟఩⨨࡙ࡅࡿࡇឡᅜᚰࢆᣢࡕ⊂❧㐠ື࡟ཧຍࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࡑ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࢤ࣮ࣜࢵࢡ࣭࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗࡢࡢ㝵⣭ࡸ᐀ᩍࡢᕪࢆᇙࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ

どⅬ࠿ࡽぢࡓ࡜ࡁࠊࢣࣝࢺࡢṔྐࢆᣢࡘᅵ╔ࡢࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻே࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ࢔࢖࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻே࡛࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ࡛࠶ࡿ⪅ࡣࠊྠࡌࣝࣛࣥࢻே࡟࡞ࡾࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡎࠊࡑࡢᶍ⣴ᩥ໬࣭᐀ᩍ࡜⿕ᨭ㓄࡜࠸࠺Ṕྐࢆᣢࡘඹྠయ࡛

ࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟⾜࠺ࡶࠊ⮬㌟ࡢ୰࡛☜ᅛࡓࡿࢼࢩࣙ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᙼࡽࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡢ

ࢼࣝ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ᇶ┙ࡣᐜ᫆࡟సࡾୖࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ

࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡢリయࡢኚ໬ࡸࠊࢼ

⿕ᨭ㓄⪅࡜࠸࠺❧ሙ࠿ࡽࡢゎᨺࢆ┠ᣦࡍ㐠ື࡟ࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࢆ㏻ࡋ୍࡚యឤࢆồࡵࡓࢤ࣮ࣜࢵ

ࡼࡾࠊࡑࡢᇶ┙ࡣࡼࡾᙉᅛ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࢡ࣭࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗࡢேࠎࢆᢈุࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡤ࡟ぢࡋࠊࡇࡢሙྜࠊ࢔ࣥࢢ࣭ࣟ࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗࡣࡇࡢ

࡚ྲྀࢀࡿࠋࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒㐠ື࠿ࡽ㌟ࢆᘬ࠸ࡓ㞟ᅋࡢእ࡟⨨࠿ࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋᚋࡣࠊᩥᏛ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࢲࣈࣜࣥ࡜ࣟࣥࢻࣥࢆ ᚟ ୍᪉࡛ࠊᩥᏛ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢔ࣥࢢ࣭ࣟ࢔࢖ࣜࢵ

ࡋάືࢆ⥆ࡅࡿࡀࠊᙼࡣ⏕ᾭ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻே࡛ࢩ࡛ࣗ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟㄂ࡾࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡣࠊ࠶ࡾ⥆ࡅࡓࠋ࢖࢙࢖ࢶ⮬㌟ࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ࢔࢖ࢹ

ඹ࡟ࢤ࣮ࣜࢵࢡ࣭࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗ㞟ᅋࡢእ࡟⨨࠿ࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡀࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻே࡜࢔ࣥࢢ࣭ࣟ࢔ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊྠࡌ࢚ࢫࢽࢩࢸ࢕࡜㄂ࡾࢆᣢࡘ࢔ࣥ࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗ࡜ࡢ㛫࡛ᖖ࡟኱ࡁࡃᦂࡽ࠸࡛࠾ࡾࠊ

ࢢ࣭ࣟ࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗࡢ J.M.ࢩࣥࢢࡽ࡜ᩥⱁ᚟⯆ࡑࢀࡣᖐᒓࡍࡿ♫఍࡟࠾࠸࡚᫂ⓑ࡞ᇶ┙ࢆᣢࡗ㐠ືࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡣࠊ࢔ࣥࢢ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ༢࡟ᨭ㓄࣭ࣟ࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸࡸ⿕ᨭ㓄࡜࠸ࡗࡓṔྐࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࠿ࡽࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࢕ࡢᇶ┙ࢆసࡾ࠶ࡆࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࢤ࣮

－ 18 －ࡃࠊ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒࡬ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ࡜ࠊࡃ⌮᝿ࡢጼ࡜཯ᑐࡢᴟ࡟࠶ࡿࠕ௬㠃ࠖࢆ࠿ࡪࡾࠊࡑࡢኻᩋࢆ♫఍ᵓ㐀ࡢഃ㠃࠿ࡽぢ࡚࠸ࡃࠋリࢆᥥ࠸ࡓࡢࡔࠋ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡢリࡀ㌿᥮ᮇࢆ㏄࠼ A.ࢠࢹࣥࢬࡣ㏆௦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ♫఍⏕άࡣᇶᮏࡿࡲ࡛ࡣࠊṚ࡟ࡼࡿ⮬ᕫࡢ⨾໬࡞࡝ⱝࡁ࢖࢙࢖ⓗ࡟෌ᖐⓗ(recursive)࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ♫఍ⓗሙࢶࡢḧᮃࢆᚊࡍࡿࠕ▹ṇࢠࣈࢫࡢࠖᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓ

㠃࡛࡞ࡉࢀࡿ⾜Ⅽ࡜⤖ᯝࡣࠊᖖ࡟┦஫࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ(ᮌཎㄔ 2014 ) ࡇࡢ⌮ㄽࡣ࢖࢙࢖ࢶ

࠶࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋࠊ⾜Ⅽ⏘ฟࡢ፹௓ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶస⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜

⾜Ⅽࡀ⏘ฟࡍࡿ⤖ᯝ࡜࠸࠺஧㔜ᛶࢆᣢࡗࡓᵓ㐀⪃࠼ࡿࠋࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢫࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࢖࢙࢖ࢶ࡟࡜

࡜⾜Ⅽࡣ┦஫౫Ꮡⓗ࡞㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡗ࡚ࠊ⨾ࡋ࠸ࣇ࢛࣮ࢡࣟ࢔ࡢୡ⏺ࡢᥥ෗ࡣࠊࡑࡇࡇ࡛ࡢࠕᵓ㐀ࠖࡣே࡜ே࡜ࡢᚰⓗ┦஫㛵ಀ࡛ࡢ௬㠃ࡢ⿬࡟⮬ศࡀ฿ᗏᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࢣࡣ↓ࡃࠊ♫఍ࡢࠕつ๎࡜㈨※ࠖࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࣝࢺࡢṔྐ࣭⾑⤫࣭ᩥ໬ࢆḧࡍࡿ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡢᛮ

(Giddens,1984:25)ࡘࡲࡾࠊ࢖࢙࢖ࢶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ḟ࠸ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࡢࡼ࠺࡞ぢ᪉ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡟⏕ࡲࢀࠊே࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࢤ࣮ࣜࢵࢡ࣭࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗ࡜ᑐ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࢆឡࡋࠊឡᅜᚰࢆᣢࡕ⊂❧㐠ື࡟ᴟ࡟࠶ࡿ⮬ศ࡟ࠕ௬㠃ࠖࢆࡘࡅࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ

ᦠࢃࡿࠊ࡜࠸࠺⾜Ⅽࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢫࢺ

࣒࡟㈉⊩ࡍࡿ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻே࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᩥⱁ᚟⯆࡜ࡋ࡚࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡣᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇ࡟ຊࢆὀ࠸ࡔࡢࡔࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ࢔࣋࢖ᗙ࡛ࡢᭀືࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢫࢺ࡜࠸࠺❧ሙࢆᵓ㐀ⓗ࡟ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ࡟ࡼࡾࡑࡢࠕ௬㠃ࠖࡀቯࢀࡓ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡣࠊࡸࡣᖐᒓࡍࡿᅜࡸ࢚ࢫࢽࢩࢸ࢕ࠊẸ᪘ព㆑ࠊࢼࢩࣙࡾ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢫࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚࢔࢖ࣝ

ࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ᪉ྥᛶ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࠕつ๎ࡸ㈨※ࠖ࡟ࡼࣛࣥࢻ♫఍࡟෌ᖐࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡾᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ㈨※ࡢከࡃࡣࢤ࣮ࡼ࠺ࠋඛ࡟ࡶ㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡢリࡣࡑࡢࣜࢵࢡ࣭࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗࡢேࠎࡀṔྐⓗ࡟ᩛᑐࡋᚋ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࡢ⌧ᐇࢆ┤᥋ⓗ࡞⾲⌧࡛ᥥ࠸࡚࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡸ J.M.ࢩࣥࢢࡢᥥ

ࡃࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡀࠊ⌧ᐇࢆᥥࡃ᪂ࡓ࡞リே࡜࠸࠺ࡃᡙ᭤ࡢ୰࡟ࢤ࣮ࣜࢵࢡ࣭࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩࣗࡢேࠎࠕ௬㠃ࠖࡢ⿬࡟ࠊᗁ᝿ⓗ࡞࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡬ࡢឡࡀ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻே࡟ᑐࡍࡿ౲㎯ࢆぢฟࡋࡓ᫬ࠊ╔ࢆᣢࡕ⥆ࡅ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᖐᒓࡍࡿ♫఍࡛ࡢᙺ๭ࢆ

࢔ࣥࢢ࣭ࣟ࢔࢖ࣜࢵࢩ࡛ࣗ࠶ࡿ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡸࢩࣥ

₇ࡌࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࡢリேࠊᡙ᭤ᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㐨ࢢࡀ࠸࠿࡟ㄝᚓࢆヨࡳ࡚ࡶࡑࢀࡣほᐈ࡟ᒆ࠿࡞

ࢆṌࡳ⥆ࡅࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡃ࡚ᙜ↛࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋఱᨾ࡞ࡽつ๎ࡸ㈨※࡟ࡼࡿᵓ㐀ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ㢧ⴭ࡛࠶ࡿሙྜࠊࡑࢀࡣᚰⓗ┦஫

4. ᭱ᚋ࡟⾜Ⅽ࡟㑏ඖࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡣࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢫࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚࢔࢖ࣝࣛ ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡣᅜᐙࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒࡟ᩥⱁ᚟⯆ࣥࢻ࡬ࡢ෌ᖐࢆኻࡗࡓࠊࡘࡲࡾ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻே

㐠ື࡜࠸࠺࠿ࡓࡕ࡛㈉⊩ࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣ⮬㌟ࡢ

࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡀ⃭໬ࡍࡿ࢔࢖ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡢ᥈ồ࡜࠸࠺Ⰽྜࣝࣛࣥࢻ♫఍࡬෌ᖐฟ᮶࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺≧ἣ࡟㝗ࡗ࠸ࡀᙉ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ࢚ࢫࢽࢵࢡඹྠయࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⏕ᾭࢆ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻே࡜

ሙྜࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡟⏕ࡲࢀࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡛ࡋ࡚⏕ࡁࡓ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡣࠊ⮬㌟ࡀリࡢᢏἲ࡜ࡋ࡚

⊂❧㐠ືࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࡶࠊṔྐ࣭ᩥ໬࣭ᆅ఩࣭

⏝࠸ࡓࠕ௬㠃ࠖ⌮ㄽ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻே࡜

᐀ᩍ࣭࢚ࢫࢽࢩࢸ࢕ࡀ␗࡞ࡾࠊୟࡘ࣐࢖ࣀࣜࢸ࢕

ࡋ࡚⏕ࡁࡿᡭἲࢆᚓࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡣ⮬࡛࠶ࡿ࢚ࢫࢽࢵࢡ㞟ᅋ࡟ᒓࡍࡿ࢖࢙࢖ࢶࡣࠊ࢔㌟ࡢリࡢᢏἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ௬㠃ࠖ࡜࠸࠺⌮ㄽࢆᣲ࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻᅜẸ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ☜ᅛࡓࡿࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ࢔ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋồࡵࡿᑐ㇟ࢆᥥࡃ᫬࡟ࡣࡑࡢᑐᴟ࡟

࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕࡜࠸࠺ᇶ┙ࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡎࠊ

❧ࡕࠊࡑࡢᑐᴟ࠿ࡽࡢࢬࣞ࡟╔┠ࡋ෌ࡧᑐ㇟࡬

ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ୰࡛ᖖ࡟ᦂࡽࡂࠊࠕ௬㠃ࠖࢆ࡜᥋㏆ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋḧࡸ⮬ศࡀᢪ࠿ࡪࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ⮬㌟ࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕

－ 19 －

ࢆಖࡗࡓࠋᭀືࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡓほᐈ࡬ࡢᗁ⁛ࡔࡅ࡛

10. William H. O’Donnell & Douglas N.

ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⮬㌟ࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡀ

Archibald. eds. (1999) The Collected⬣࠿ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡀࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒࠿ࡽ㌟ࢆᘬ

Works of W. B. Yeats Vol. III.

ࡃࡁࡗ࠿ࡅ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡔࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜ

Autobiographies, New York: Scribner.

ࢬ࣒ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶྠࡌ㞟ᅋࡢேࠎࡀᣢࡘࢿ࢖ࢩࣙ

11. Finneran, Richard J. ed. (1996) Theࣥࡸ࢚ࢫࢽࢵࢡࡢព㆑ࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋࠊࡑࡢᅋ⤖࠿

Collected Poems of W.B. Yeats-rev.2nd ed.

ࡽ⊂❧ࢆ┠ᣦࡍࡇ࡜ࡀࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ᰿ᣐ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋNew York: Scribner.
12. Anthony Giddens.(1984) The Constitution࣐࢖ࣀࣜࢸ࢕࡛࠶ࡿ࢚ࢫࢽࢵࢡ࡟ᒓࡍࡿேࠎࡢof Society. Polity Press.

࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡢᶍ⣴ࡶࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ
୍ࡘࡢ᰿ᣐ࡜ࡶ࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
1. Gellner,Ernest,(1983),

Nations

andNationalism, Blackwell, London. (ࢤࣝࢼ࣮࣭࢔࣮ࢿࢫࢺ. ຍ⸨⠇ ௚ヂ(2000) ࠗẸ᪘࡜ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒࠘ ᒾἼ᭩ᗑ)2. Giddens, A. (1985), The Nation-state andViolence, Polity Press.(࢔ࣥࢯࢽ࣮࣭ࢠࢹࣥ
ࢬ. ᯇᑿ࣭ᑠᖭヂ(1999)ࠗᅜẸᅜᐙ࡜ᭀຊ࠘⪋❧᭩ᡣ)
3. A.Smith, A.D.(1986), The Ethnic Origins
of Nations, Basil Blackwell, Oxford.(࢔ࣥࢺࢽ࣮࣭ࢫ࣑ࢫ㧗ᇛ࣭ᕢᒣヂ  ࠗࢿ࢖ࢩࣙࣥ࡜࢚ࢫࢽࢩࢸ࢕࠘ྡྂᒇ኱Ꮫฟ∧఍4. ᮌཎ ㄔ (2014) ࠕW.B.࢖࢙࢖ࢶ࡟ࡼࡿࠗ௬
㠃࠘࡜⪁࠸ࠖࠗబ㈡኱Ꮫᩥ໬ᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊◊✲ㄽᩥ㞟࠘➨ 19 ᕳ(1)5. ୰㇂⊛  ࠕࠗࢼࢩࣙࢼ࣭ࣝ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕࠘ࡢᴫᛕ࡟㛵ࡍࡿၥ㢟ᩚ⌮ᅜẸᅜᐙㄽ◊✲ࡢࡓࡵࡢࣀ࣮ࢺࠖࠗ❧࿨㤋ἲᏥ࠘ᖺࠊ❧࿨㤋኱ᏛἲᏛ఍
6. Ἴከ㔝⿱㐀  ࠗ≀ㄒ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࡢṔྐ Ḣᕞ㐃ྜ࡟㉃ࡅࡿ͆ዿ⢭ࡢᅜ͇࠘୰බ
᪂᭩
7. 㢼࿅ᮏṊᩄ⦅  ࠗ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࣭ࢣࣝࢺᩥ໬ࢆᏛࡪேࡢࡓࡵ࡟࠘ୡ⏺ᛮ᝿⪅
8. ᇼ㉺ᬛ  ࠗ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻẸ᪘㐠ືࡢṔྐ࠘୕┬ᇽ
9. ྜྷ⏣ᩥ⨾  ࠗ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻே࡟࡞ࡾࡑࡇ࡞ࡗࡓ࢖࢙࢖ࢶ࠘ᚨᓥ኱Ꮫゝㄒᩥ໬◊✲－ 20 －