www.iafor.org/about/partners

IAFOR Global Partners

IAFOR has entered into a number of strategic partnerships with universities across the world to form
the IAFOR Global Partnership Programme. These academic partnerships support and nurture IAFOR’s
goals of educational cooperation without borders, connecting the organisation with institutions thathave an international and internationalising profile, and a commitment to interdisciplinary research.
The IAFOR Global Partnership Programme provides mutual recognition and scope for Global Partner
institutions and organisations to showcase their research strengths, as well as engage in thedevelopment of projects and programmes with IAFOR.
Cover Image | Night Light (2001) by Jim Haldane
Programme Design by Thaddeus Pope, IAFOR Media

www.ecp.iafor.org
www.ecerp.iafor.org

Join us in Hawaii for The IAFOR International
Conference on Education – Hawaii (IICEHawaii)
IICEHawaii is organised by IAFOR in partnership with the Universityof Hawai‘i at Mānoa and IAFOR’s Global University Partners.
Conference Theme: "Independence & Interdependence"
Dates: Thursday, January 03, 2019 t​ o Saturday, January 05, 2019
Location & Venue: The Hawai'i Convention Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
Early Bird Abstract Submission Deadline: August 21, 2018
Final Abstract Submission Deadline: October 19, 2018
Registration Deadline: November 21, 2018
The 2019 conference theme for the IAFOR conference series in Hawaii is
Independence & Interdependence, and invites reflections on the desirability, extent
and limits of our individual independence and autonomy, of that of our students, andof the institutions and structures within which we work, teach and learn. We do noteducate, and are not educated in vacuums, but in such contexts and constraints asfamilies, groups, and societies; of nations and cultures; of identities and religions;and of political and financial realities.
Ever changing technologies offer new ways for us to be independent and autonomous
learners, encouraging students to be self-directed and confident in making choices,and enabling and empowering students and teachers to be proactive and tailor
content. However, myriad technologies and services make us more dependent on
the very things allowing autonomy. How do we help students and teachers alikenavigate and curate the vast information available? How do we encourage individual
growth while also underlining the importance of belonging and of the reciprocal
responsibilities and privileges of education? How do we help students build theskills and attitudes necessary for positive engagement in distributed, globalisedcommunities that so often lead to polarisation and alienation instead? How do we
educate with independence and interdependence in mind?
These and many other questions will be addressed at the conference, and we lookforward to coming together to exchange ideas and explore new research paths
together in Honolulu in 2019!

www.iicehawaii.iafor.org

2 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORKeynote Speakers
Dr Christina M. Kishimoto
Superintendent – Hawaii State Department of Education, USA
Dr Christina M. Kishimoto began a three-year
contract as superintendent on August 1, 2017. She is
responsible for efficiently and effectively administering
the Hawaii public school system in accordance withlaw and educational policies adopted by the Board of
Education. On October 3, 2017, Dr Kishimoto presented
an Implementation Plan to advance the goals of the
DOE/BOE Strategic Plan. Her plan is targeted around three high impact strategies:
School Design, Student Voice, and Teacher Collaboration.

Dr David Lassner
President of the University of Hawai'i, USA& Chancellor of the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, USA
Dr David Lassner is the 15th president of the Universityof Hawai‘i and concurrently serves as the Chancellorof the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. He has worked
at the university since 1977, and was most recently its
vice president for information technology and chief
information officer. Lassner is also a member of theuniversity’s cooperating graduate faculty and has taught both online and in-person
in computer science, communications, business and education.

Dr Richard R. Vuylsteke
Chief Executive – East-West Center, USA
Dr Richard R. Vuylsteke (pronounced VUL-stek) took
office as the East-West Center’s 11th Chief Executive
on January 1, 2017. A former EWC grantee and staff
member, he rejoined the Center after several decades
living in Asia and serving most recently as President of
the American Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong.
His areas of expertise include strategic and operational leadership of multiculturalorganisations; Asia Pacific business and trade, and Asian and Western history andphilosophy.
Read presenters full biographies at www.iicehawaii.iafor.org/speakers#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 3

Organising Committee
Anne Boddington
Kingston University, UK
Anne Boddington is Professor of Design Innovation, Pro Vice
Chancellor for Research, Business and Innovation at Kingston
University in the UK and recently appointed as the Sub Panel Chair
for Art & Design: History, Practice & Theory for the UK’s Research
Excellence Framework (REF) 2021. Professor Boddington has
extensive experience of the leadership, management and evaluationof art and design education and art and design research in higher
education across the UK and internationally.

Dexter Da Silva
Keisen University, JapanDr Dexter Da Silva is currently Professor of Educational Psychology at
Keisen University in Tokyo. He has taught EFL at junior high school,language schools, and universities in Sydney, and for the past two
decades has been living and teaching at the tertiary level in Japan.
He has presented and co-presented at conferences in Asia, Australia,
Europe and the United States, and written or co-written articles andbook chapters on education-related topics, such as trust, student
motivation, autonomy, and content-based language teaching.

Joseph Haldane
The International Academic Forum (IAFOR)Dr Joseph Haldane is the Chairman and CEO of IAFOR. He
is responsible for devising strategy, setting policies, forging
institutional partnerships, implementing projects, and overseeing
the organisation’s business and academic operations, including
research, publications and events. Dr Haldane is Guest Professor
at The Osaka School of International Public Policy (OSIPP) at Osaka
University, where he teaches on the postgraduate Global Governance
Course, and Co-Director of the OSIPP-IAFOR Research Centre.

Frank S. Ravitch
Michigan State University College of Law, USA
Frank S. Ravitch is Professor of Law and the Walter H. Stowers Chairin Law and Religion at the Michigan State University College of Law,
and Director of the Kyoto, Japan Summer Program. Professor Ravitch
regularly serves as an expert for print and broadcast media, andspeaks on topics related to US Constitutional Law, Japanese Law,
and Israeli Law to a wide range of national, international and localorganisations.

4 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFOR

Surviving and Thriving in Times of Change
ECP2018“The only thing that is constant is change.” This is attributed to Heraclitus, 500 years before Christ,
but he was not the last person to say this. More recently, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi used the samewords to remind us of a basic aspect of the human condition – we need to accept and adapt tochange, and cope with the stress that it brings, in order to survive and thrive.
Change is not new, but change today is unique in its pace, its extent and its impact. The pace ofchange in its various forms – technological change, social change, climate change – has been
incredible; its extent has been global. The impact of change on humans has been extremely powerful.
Our daily lives have changed dramatically and irreversibly.
One of the challenges of psychology and the behavioral sciences has been to help humans adapt totheir environments, to help us be resilient in the face of challenges and failures, to help us maintainour mental health, to help us overcome the various difficulties that life brings us. All areas in the
study of psychology and the behavioral sciences aim to teach us to be psychologically literate, toprovide us with the knowledge and skills to survive and thrive, and to help others survive and thrive.

ECERP2018
The way we think, reason and behave as individuals, as communities and societies is in a process ofconstant change and renegotiation. The only constant of change is change itself, as Heraclitus most
famously put it some 2,500 years ago. Change may not be new, but its pace, assisted and facilitatedby advanced technologies, means these processes have never been faster. While in some ways
we have grown together through the processes of globalisation, in others we have become moreisolated, marginalised and alienated. Religious traditions, and the relationship between religion andcivil society, have also faced dramatic change.
This conference’s theme of “surviving and thriving” in these times of change invites us to continue
to consider this large question through the traditions and lenses of studies associated with religion,
philosophy and ethical studies.
The role of religion is seen by many as having no place in the modern world. Where and when it does
wield influence it is often viewed as inappropriate or malevolent, and as a barrier to “progress” and“modern” thinking. In today’s fast-paced and technology driven world, are the study of philosophy
and ethics useful, or are they similarly becoming irrelevant and ossified? What is the continued roleand relevance of ethics, religion and philosophy, as subjects to be studied, discussed and lived ascore parts of our individual and collective lives? How can they help us stay resilient in the face ofchallenges and failures? How can they help us overcome the various difficulties that life brings?
#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 5

Letter of Welcome
Dear Colleagues,
It is my pleasure to welcome you to the wonderful city of Brightonand Hove; a vibrant cosmopolitan city that is home to two
universities, England’s largest arts festival, one of the world’s
strangest royal palaces, one and a half piers, and a beautiful
situation between the English Channel and the South Downs.
Just a short train ride from the capital, London-by-the-Sea is themost European of cities and prides itself on being different, more
open and welcoming than other places.
It is with great excitement then to be returning to Brighton andHove for the Sixth IAFOR European Conference series over a twoweek period that will see some 600 academics from more than 50 different countries come andexchange ideas, research and practices both formally in the academic sessions, and informally overcoffee, lunch, dinner, or drinks. Just like the city itself, this conference series is diverse and exciting,and promises the opportunity to expand professional networks and research partnerships; engage
in new, and consolidate old, friendships; and to be challenged and inspired.
There are many worrying trends internationally, including rises in regionalism, nationalism,
authoritarianism and parochialism. These have been evidenced throughout the world, as
peoples turn on each other. Conferences offer us the hope of human interaction, at the humanlevel, through cooperation and friendship, and unmediated by technology. IAFOR’s mission is topromote international exchange, to facilitate intercultural awareness, to encourage interdisciplinary
discussion, and to generate and share new knowledge, and we encourage you, as academics working
throughout the world, to forge friendships and working relationships with your fellow delegatesacross national, religious and disciplinary borders, and in pursuit of the research synergies thatdrive positive change.
The past few months have been an exciting time for the organisation, as we have collaborated on anumber of exciting interdisciplinary projects and initiatives, including a Silk Road Initiative, and an
Innovation and Value Initiative, which included a collaborative effort with the United Nations, andmore about which you can read later in the program. What is more, we have recently launched amembership programme, and if you enjoy this event, then please join and get involved.
I would like to thank the members of the IAFOR Academic Governing Board, the conference Organising
Committee members, our keynote and featured speakers, all our global partners, but most notably
the University of Sussex, Birkbeck, and UCL, and our university home in Japan, Osaka University,where IAFOR has a collaborative research centre in the Osaka School of International Public Policy(OSIPP). Last, but not least, I would like to thank the delegates from around the world, who make thisconference possible, and this organisation come alive.
We have so much to learn from each other and I am sure that you will come away from the conference
inspired!
Warmest regards,

Joseph Haldane
Chairman & CEO, IAFOR

6 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORMayor's Welcome Letter
Dear Delegates,
Welcome to the city of Brighton & Hove, a vibrant and diverse
centre of Arts and Culture.
Ever since the Prince Regent first visited in 1783, Brighton & Hovehas been England's most exciting seaside city, and today it's asvibrant, eccentric and cosmopolitan as ever. As Mayor, it’s my job
to represent our city to others and its civic life to the people wholive here… quite a job, considering the depth and breadth of ouroffer.
Our city has a bohemian and artistic atmosphere that can't befound anywhere else in the UK. We combine the modern with the traditional and the outlandish withthe everyday; tempting and treating visitors and residents alike with a unique cultural experience.
If you've never visited, I urge you to get out and about and make the most of the rich cultural mix –Regency architecture, pleasure pier, specialist shops, pavement cafés, lively arts and, of course, theexotic Royal Pavilion. Everything is within walking distance, so take time to explore and enjoy what
the city has to offer.
Our city–by-the-sea has a passion for creativity, a desire to look at things differently, and a friendlinessthat attracts visitors from all over the world.
Whether it’s the sea air that changes your perspective or the lively North Laine that buzzes day andnight, I am sure that Brighton & Hove has got that special something that will inspire.
I wish you every success with your conference and hope you have a long and enjoyable stay.
Councillor Dee Simson
Mayor of the City of Brighton & Hove

#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 7

IAFOR Membership
IAFOR provides an excellent personal and professional environment for academics and scholarsof all ages and backgrounds to come together and exchange the latest ideas, and inform eachother’s perspectives through their own cultural and disciplinary background and experiences. We
are able to do this thanks to the exceptional network of individuals and institutions around theworld who support our work and help shape our exceptional events globally. We emphasise thenurturing and supporting of young academics from different backgrounds, providing mutual advice
and guidance, and offer more senior academics the chance to forge working relationships outsideof their traditional networks.
In a world where division and strife are underlined and played up in national and local contexts,
and political posturing frequently seeks to ostracise and demonise, IAFOR is committed to working
across cultural and national borders, and to work to bring people together. We believe that mature
human interaction and academic and cultural exchange are essential to offering positive versions of
the future, where cooperation happens with individuals and institutions who share a commitment tobridge divides, to being good global citizens, and to making the world a better place.
By becoming a member, you will become a stakeholder in the IAFOR mission of facilitating international
exchange, encouraging intercultural awareness, and promoting interdisciplinary discussion in thehope and expectation of generating and sharing new knowledge. Join us now in this growing globalorganisation, and help make a difference today.
To learn more about IAFOR membership, please visit: www.iafor.org/membership

8 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORConference
Guide
Conference at a Glance
Room Schedule
Floor Guide
Directions & Access
Lunch & Dinner
General Information
Presentation Guide
IAFOR Academic Grant & Scholarship Recipients
Professor Stuart D. B. Picken (1942–2016)
IAFOR Journals#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 9

July 3, 2018

Tuesday Morning at a Glance
09:15-10:00		

Conference Registration & Morning Coffee | Renaissance Foyer (B1F)

10:00-10:10		
			

Opening Announcements | Renaissance Suite (B1F)
Kiyoshi Mana, Director of Events, IAFOR

10:10-10:20
Welcome Address | Renaissance Suite (B1F)
			Joseph Haldane, IAFOR
10:20-10:30		

Recognition of IAFOR Scholarship Winners | Renaissance Suite (B1F)

10:30-11:30
						

Keynote Presentation | Renaissance Suite (B1F)
Surviving High-stakes Exams: Do Teachers Help or Hinder?
David Putwain, Liverpool John Moores University, UK

11:30-12:30
						

Keynote Presentation | Renaissance Suite (B1F)“Unchanging Truth? – Not in the Study of Religion”
George D. Chryssides, The University of Birmingham, UK

12:30-12:40		
			

IAFOR Documentary Photography Award – 2017 Winners Screening| Renaissance Suite (B1F)

12:40-12:45		

Conference Photograph | Atrium (1F)

12:45-14:00		

Lunch Break | Atrium Restaurant (1F)

10 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORJuly 3, 2018

Tuesday Afternoon at a Glance
14:00-15:30

Parallel Session I

15:30-15:45		

Coffee Break | Library Terrace (2F)

15:45-17:15

Parallel Session II

17:30-18:30
			Conference Welcome Reception & Conference Poster Session| Library Terrace (2F)

July 4, 2018

Wednesday at a Glance
09:30-10:00		

Coffee, Tea and Pastries | Library Terrace (2F)

10:00-12:00

Parallel Session I

12:00-13:00		

Lunch Break | Atrium Restaurant (1F)

13:00-14:30

Parallel Session II

14:30-14:45		

Coffee Break | Library Terrace (2F)

14:45-16:45

Parallel Session III

16:45-17:00

Closing Remarks | Wordsworth Room (2F)

18:30-21:00

Official Conference Dinner (optional extra)#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 11

TuesdayRoom Schedule
Shelley RoomWordsworth Room

Renaissance Suite

Library Terrace

10:00-12:45––

Plenary Session–

14:00-15:30

Religion

Psychology and Education––

15:45-17:15

Religion

Psychology and Education––

17:30-18:30

–

–

–

Poster Session & Welcome
Reception

Shelley Room

Keats RoomWordsworth Room

10:00-12:00

Linguistics, Language &Psychology/Behavioral
ScienceCommunity Development

General Psychology

13:00-14:30

EthicsMental HealthIndustrial Organisation &Organisation Theory

14:45-16:45

Philosophy – Philosophy &Religion

Mental Health

Qualitative/Quantitative
Research in any other area of
Psychology

16:45-17:00––

Closing Remarks

Wednesday

Room Schedule

12 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORJurys Inn Brighton Waterfront

Floor Guide#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 13

Jurys Inn Brighton Waterfront

Directions & Access
By Rail from London
London is the hub of the UK’s rail network and it is easy to travel by train to Brighton from the major
London stations. The fastest direct travelling times from London to Brighton are:•••London Victoria – 56 minutes (direct)
London Bridge – 1 hour 3 minutes (direct)
London St Pancras – 1 hour 33 minutes (direct)

Rail services in the UK are operated by a number of private train operators. The main operators to
Brighton are Southern and First Capital Connect and all trains arrive into Brighton mainline station on
Queens Road. Regular rail connections also serve Hove, which is just a few minutes from Brighton byrail. Central Brighton and Jurys Inn Brighton Waterfront are an easy 20-minute walk from Brighton
Station, but, if required, buses and taxis are both available at the front of the station.
If you are travelling from Europe, the Eurostar train arrives at London St Pancras, where there are
direct train connections to Brighton.

By Rail from Gatwick Airport
Trains from Gatwick to Brighton take approximately 30 minutes direct and run regularly. The Gatwick
South rail station is directly linked to Gatwick’s South Terminal and just a few minutes away from
North Terminal via a transit train link.

By Rail from Heathrow Airport
Take the London Underground to London Victoria and then a mainline train to Brighton. Alternatively,
take the Heathrow Express to Paddington and then the London Underground to Victoria and then amainline train to Brighton.

By Coach from Heathrow Airport
National Express is the major coach operator serving Brighton. Most international flights arrive at
Terminal 4 and 5 where a coach departs every hour. Brighton Coach Station is located next to Brighton
Palace Pier and is a two-minute walk from Jurys Inn Brighton Waterfront. Further information isavailable on the National Express website (www.nationalexpress.com).
14 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORLunch & Dinner
Lunch on Tuesday and Wednesday is included in the conference registration fee.
Lunch will be provided in the Atrium Restaurant at Jurys Inn Brighton Waterfront. Situated on thePromenade, with unrivalled views of the famous Brighton Palace Pier and the sea, the restaurant
serves a range of modern British and European dishes prepared by a talented team of chefs. Lunch
service includes an unlimited drinks bar (non-alcoholic), coffee station and dessert table.
Please remember to bring your name badge with you, as this will act as your lunch ticket.

Lunch Times
Lunch is available between the following times:
Tuesday
Wednesday

12:45-14:00 		
12:00-13:00 		

Atrium Restaurant, Jurys Inn Brighton Waterfront
Atrium Restaurant, Jurys Inn Brighton Waterfront

Conference Dinner
The official Conference Dinner is a ticketed optional event (35 GBP). Please remember to bring yourname tag to the Conference Dinner. Conference Dinner attendees should meet at the Atrium (2F) at
18:30 on Wednesday, July 4. The group leaves for the restaurant at 18:45. It takes approximately 10
minutes to walk to the restaurant.
Restaurant name: Donatello
Restaurant address: 1-3, Brighton Place, Brighton, BN1 1HJ#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 15

General Information
Registration
You will be able to pick up your registration pack and name card at the Conference Registration Desk.
The Conference Registration Desk and Publications Desk will be situated in the following locations
during the conference:
Tuesday		
09:15-13:00		
Renaissance Foyer (B1F)
			13:00-17:15		Library Terrace (2F)
Wednesday		
09:00-17:00		
Library Terrace (2F)
If you have any questions or concerns, IAFOR staff and volunteers will happily assist you in any way
they can.

Name Badges
When you check in, you will receive a registration pack, which includes your name badge. Wearing
your badge is required for entrance to the sessions. You must wear your badge at all times during
the conference. There are four colours of badges indicating the type of conference participant:
Blue: Presenters and Audience
Yellow: Keynote and Featured Speakers
Red: Conference Exhibitors and Affiliates
Black: IAFOR Staff

Internet Access
There is free Wi-Fi internet connection throughout the conference venue. However, this canbe unreliable and we would strongly suggest that you do not rely on a live connection for yourpresentation.

16 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORGeneral Information
Refreshment Breaks
Complimentary coffee, tea and water will be available during the scheduled coffee breaks at the
Plenary Session on Tuesday morning and on the Library Terrace during the rest of the conference.
Light snacks will be provided once in the morning and once in the afternoon.
Food and drink (excluding water) are not allowed in the presentation rooms.

Printing
For your convenience, we are able to offer a complimentary printing service of up to ten A4 sheets
should you need this. Please ask for assistance with printing and be advised that printing may not
be available at peak times.

Smoking
Smoking is not permitted in the Jurys Inn Brighton Waterfront. Please smoke outside of the building
in designated smoking areas.

What to Wear & Bring
Attendees generally wear business casual attire. You may wish to bring a light jacket or sweater as
meeting rooms are air-conditioned and sometimes cool. Tour attendees are encouraged to wear
comfortable shoes and bring an umbrella or waterproof in case of rain.

Photo/Recording Waiver
Human interaction through networking and dissemination of this knowledge is at the core of what IAFOR
does as an academic research organisation, conference organiser and publisher. As part of the archivingof the conference event, IAFOR takes photos in and around the conference venue, and uses the photos todocument the event. This also includes the filming of certain sessions. We consider this documentation
important and provides evidence of our activities to members, partners and stakeholders all over theworld, as well as to current and potential attendees like you. Some of these photos will therefore appear
online and in print, including on social media. The above are the legitimate interests of the organisationthat we assert under the new European Union law on General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Under
this legislation, you have an absolute right to opt out of any photo. We are committed to protecting andrespecting your privacy. Read our full privacy policy – www.iafor.org/about/privacy-policy#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 17

Presentation Guide
Conference Abstracts
All conference abstracts are available online. Please visit papers.iafor.org for a searchable databaseof abstracts.

Oral & Workshop Presentations
Oral Presentation Sessions will run from 14:00 on Tuesday afternoon and 10:00 on Wednesday
morning. They are generally organised into parallel sessions by streams. Oral Presentations arenormally scheduled in sessions comprising three presentations, lasting 90 minutes in total. In
sessions with two Oral Presentations, the session will last 60 minutes, and in the case of four Oral
Presentations, an extended session lasting 120 minutes will be scheduled.
The time in the sessions is to be divided equally between presentations. We recommend that an Oral
Presentation should last 15–20 minutes to include time for question and answers, but should last no
longer than 25 minutes. Any remaining session time may be used for additional discussion.

Equipment
All rooms will be equipped with a MacBook computer pre-installed with PowerPoint and Keynote
and connected to a LCD projector or LCD screen. If you wish, you may directly link your own PC
laptop, although we advise you to use the computer provided by plugging in your USB flash drive. We
recommend that you bring two copies of your presentation in case one fails, and suggest sending
yourself the presentation by email as a third and final precaution.

Session Chairs
Session Chairs are asked to introduce themselves and other speakers (briefly) using the provided
printouts of speaker bios, hand out the provided presentation certificates at the end of the session,
ensure that the session begins and ends on time, and that the time is divided fairly between thepresentations. Each presenter should have no more than 25 minutes in which to present his or her
paper and respond to any questions. The Session Chair is asked to assume this timekeeping role,and to this end yellow and red timekeeping cards are used as a visual cue for presenters, letting
them know when they have five minutes remaining, and when they must stop.
Please follow the order in the programme, and if for any reason a presenter fails to show up, pleasekeep to the original time slots as delegates use the programme to plan their attendance.
18 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFOR

Presentation Guide
Conference Poster Session
The Conference Poster Session is 60 minutes in length and takes place on Tuesday on the Library
Terrace from 17:30 to 18:30. The poster display boards are 1800 mm high x 1200 mm wide. Tapewill be provided for putting posters up. Please be aware that there are no on-site facilities forprinting posters.

Presentation Certificates
Poster Presenters can pick up a certificate of presentation from the Registration Desk. All otherpresenters will receive a certificate of presentation from their Session Chair or a member of staff at
the end of their session.

Conference Proceedings
The Conference Proceedings are published on the IAFOR website (papers.iafor.org), and can be
freely accessed as part of IAFOR’s research archive. All authors may have their full paper publishedin the online Conference Proceedings.
Full text submission is due by August 04, 2018 through the online system. The proceedings will be
published on September 04, 2018. Authors will have PDF copies of their offprints emailed to themby October 04, 2018.

A Polite Request to All ParticipantsParticipants are requested to arrive in a timely fashion for all presentations, whether to their own orto those of other presenters. Presenters are reminded that the time slots should be divided fairly andequally between the number of presentations, and that presentations should not overrun.
Participants should refrain from talking amongst themselves and ensure that mobile phones are
switched off or set to silent mode during presentations.

#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 19

IAFOR Academic Grant& Scholarship Recipients
Our warmest congratulations go to Norikazu Furukawa, Antonia Cartwright, Ashar Johnson Khokhar,
Ariel Henig, Christine L. Murphy and Abbey Tayebwa, who have been selected by the conference
Organising Committees to receive IAFOR grants and scholarships to present their research at The
European Conference on Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences 2018 (ECP2018) and The European
Conference on Ethics, Religion & Philosophy 2018 (ECERP2018).
IAFOR's grants and scholarships programme provides financial support to PhD students and early
career academics, with the aim of helping them pursue research excellence and achieve their academic
goals through interdisciplinary study and interaction. Awards are based on the appropriateness of theeducational opportunity in relation to the applicant's field of study, financial need, and contributions
to their community and to IAFOR's mission of interdisciplinarity. Scholarships are awarded based on
availability of funds from IAFOR and vary with each conference.
Find out more about IAFOR grants and scholarships: www.iafor.org/financial-support

Norikazu Furukawa
IAFOR Scholarship Recipient
Mr Norikazu Furukawa is currently a PhD candidate in sustainability science at the School of Frontier
Sciences, the University of Tokyo, and works as an assistant researcher at the Research Center for
Moral Science, Japan. Born and raised in the country, he earned his bachelor's degree in Economics
from Reitaku University and, following two-years apprenticeship at the Research Center for Moral
Science, studied abroad at the University of San Francisco where he received his master's degree
in Economics. Returning to Japan, he started his academic career and gained his second master's
degree in Sustainability Science. Mr Furukawa's research connects behavioral economics withhermeneutics and ecology in an attempt to understand how people's self-identity is shaped andcan affect their decisions and behavior which cause socioeconomic and environmental issues ofsustainability drawing on the philosophical traditions both East and West.
Wednesday | 10:00-10:30 | Shelley Room (2F)
Ecological Hermeneutics as a Solution to Jevons Paradox
Norikazu Furukawa, The University of Tokyo, Japan
The present study investigates the nature of Jevons Paradox, one of the greatest frustrations
shared among the researchers and practitioners in sustainability related fields: the more energy
efficient civilization becomes, the greater the energy consumption grows, for the lower price of theaccess to energy. The investigation is conducted by fusing major theories of multiple disciplines:
economics, ecology, ethics, linguistics, and Eastern and Western philosophy. First, drawing on
theories of behavioral economics, how a person's self-identity shapes his or her utility function
is analyzed, with a special focus on increasing demand for energy. Second, various types of selfidentity are compared in terms of decisional and behavioral patterns that follow them, along withthe description of the process in which self-identity is shaped by application of the theory ofhermeneutic circles. Third, treating Naessian deep ecology as the latest and global example, thestudy situates the ideas woven by Western philosophers such as Deleuze and Guattari, Whitehead,and Hegel on the one hand, and Eastern philosophers of Buddhist and Taoist traditions on theother, in a millennia-long contemplative endeavor that would be called “ecological hermeneutics”
in relation to self-identity development. Fourth, the ethical, economic and political implicationsof a thorough practice of ecological hermeneutics will be discussed while avoiding the naturalist
fallacy. Finally, a few educational recommendations, including a suggestion on the use of the word
“environment”, will be made in order to facilitate ecological hermeneutics in formal and informal
settings which will be followed by a concluding remark.

20 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORIAFOR Academic Grant& Scholarship Recipients
Antonia Cartwright
IAFOR Scholarship Recipient
Antonia Cartwright is currently a Psychology PhD student at UC Davis, California. She is based in theSocial & Environmental Stress lab. Antonia moved to the USA from the UK in 2014. She completed her
BSc in Psychology at the University of Hertfordshire, MSc in Criminology and Criminal Psychology
at the University of Portsmouth, and her Post-Graduate Certificate in Education at the Universityof Greenwich. Antonia's research interests include the role of stress in mental and physical healthoutcomes, and how tools such as mindfulness may foster resilience by buffering against stressand adversity. She is currently also looking at socioeconomic status and education outcomes in alongitudinal UK dataset in collaboration with the UC Davis Center for Poverty Research.
Tuesday | 17:30-18:30 | Library Terrace (2F)"Did He Ask You About Your Family?": Effects of Age and Trauma-Related Psychopathology
Antonia Cartwright, University of California, Davis, USA
Jessica Appell, University of California, Davis, USA
Deborah Goldfarb, University of California, Davis, USA
Mitchell Eisen, California State, Los Angeles, USA
Jianjian Qin, California State, Sacramento, USA
Gail Goodman, University of California, Davis, USA
After experiencing a traumatic event, children are often asked about disclosure conversations.
Such questioning may reflect concerns about interviewer influence, which could affect children's
later memory accuracy. Children's ability to accurately remember and resist false suggestions may
be compounded by trauma-related psychopathology resulting from maltreatment experiences.
However, few scientific studies exist on the accuracy of maltreated children's memory forforensically relevant interviews, especially during active abuse investigations. In the present study,
maltreated children and children with no known maltreatment histories (N = 351) aged 3 to 16 years,
predominantly African-American from low socioeconomic status backgrounds, were questioned
about what was discussed with a clinical psychologist during assessment of the children's trauma
histories. Standardized measures of psychopathology indicated that clinical levels were high(e.g., 56.7% reached clinical cutoff of adaptive functioning problems). Regression analyses wereconducted to examine predictors of memory accuracy; specifically, age, IQ, maltreatment status, andpsychopathology. The Age X Maltreatment Status interaction were entered as predictors of children's
answers to free recall, specific, misleading, and lineup questions. Results revealed developmental
differences in amount of correct information provided in free recall, proportion of correct responses
to specific and misleading questions, and accurate person identifications in target-absent lineups,
ps < .05. Additionally, a binary logistic regression showed that trauma-related psychopathology was
associated with fewer commission errors (e.g., on photo lineups, Ï‡2 [1] = 3.96, p = .047). Thesefindings contribute to an understanding of memory development in the context of psychopathology
in children with and without known maltreatment histories.

Ashar Johnson Khokhar
IAFOR Scholarship Recipient
Mr Ashar Johnson Khokhar is a PhD scholar at the University of Management and Technology,
Lahore, Pakistan. Mr Khokhar works at the Forman Christian College, a chartered university(a community based organisation run this university) and teaches courses offered to theundergraduate students by the Education department. Mr Khokhar was born and completed all his
formal schooling in Gojra, Punjab, a city that saw religious violence recently. Mr Khokhar has beenworking with community based organisations since his first university degree and continues towork with them in different capacities, volunteer, part-time, full-time, a team member, a teacher, a#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 21

IAFOR Academic Grant& Scholarship Recipientsteacher trainer and community mobiliser. Mr Khokhar's research interests are curriculum, textbook,school and curriculum policy and reforms. Mr Khokhar's recent researche evolves around the
textbook and worldviews formed by textbooks in Pakistan. Mr Khokhar would like to see Pakistan
develop into a place where religious and ethnic minorities feel safe.
Tuesday | 15:45-16:15 | Shelley Room (2F)
Peace Education Through Textbooks: Schools Need Brave Teachers
Ashar Johnson Khokhar, University of Management and Technology, Pakistan
Peace education is considered an elusive idea. The concept of peace from “absence of war” to a“culture of peace” has evolved and emerged especially in the late 20th and the early 21st century.
The ideological representation of different groups, social, ethnic and religious is embedded inideological and psychological representations of space “allowed” to the groups. The “allowed”
space reflects the social and political power structure of a society. This research analysed thelanguage textbooks (English, Urdu and Sindhi) taught to primary school students. This project
was completed in two phases. Text analysis was the first phase and a Textual Analysis technique
was used to analyse the content of the textbooks. The second phase involved a focused group
discussion on how teachers could improve textbook in their classrooms to make students aware of“other religious” communities and their lived experiences. The analysis found very few references
to religious minorities, their religious practices and festivals in the textbooks. The majority of theteachers struggled to edit and modify texts while a minority of teachers who could improve texts,
refuse to teach the modified texts in their classrooms, fearing a backlash from religious groups as
the strongest reason. This research suggests the revision of textbooks with more space given to
religious minorities as this is the only possible means available to students in becoming aware of
all those living in Pakistan, and for teachers to inform students about the contribution of religious
minorities in the creation and development of Pakistan.

Ariel Henig
Stuart D. B. Picken Grant and Scholarship Recipient
Ariel Henig is a Master of Bioethics student at Harvard Medical School. She graduated from
Swarthmore College in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, with a bachelor’s degree in Neuroscience.
As an undergraduate, she conducted research on the bioethical framework of the Zika virus
epidemic through a summer program at the Center for Biomedical Ethics and Humanities at the
University of Virginia School of Medicine. Ariel’s research interests include bioethical issues
related to women’s health, ethics education, as well as how policies are shaped by bioethics.
She is currently involved in a project examining simulated informed consent encounters inanesthesia at Boston Children’s Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. A nationally certified
emergency medical technician (EMT), she plans to pursue a career in medicine with a focus on
clinical ethics following the completion of her master’s degree.
Tuesday | 17:30-18:30 | Library Terrace (2F)
Empirical Attitudes on Posthumous Reproduction
Ariel Henig, Center for Bioethics, Harvard Medical School, USA
Posthumous reproduction is the usage of the gametes of an individual to create offspring following
their death. The ethical evaluation of this procedure centers on the need to respect the wishes ofthe deceased, and evaluate whether or not they would have “consented” to the procedure. Empirical
data describing public opinion about posthumous reproduction can be useful in enacting the mostethically appropriate regulatory policies. Given that attempts to characterize the perspective of
the population on posthumous reproduction have thus far been narrow in scope, this review aims
to summarize current studies examining empirical attitudes towards posthumous reproduction.
22 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORIAFOR Academic Grant& Scholarship Recipients
Systematic literature review was conducted by identifying studies addressing empirical attitudes
towards posthumous reproduction from PubMed. A total of seven studies encompassing 8,425
participants from three different countries (Japan, Israel, and the United States) fulfilled thecriteria and were included in the analysis. In six of the available studies, a majority of participants
demonstrated a favorable attitude towards posthumous reproduction, whereas in the seventh
study, approximately half of the participants demonstrated a favorable attitude. Although thisstudy provides insight into attitudes regarding posthumous reproduction of certain populations, itsuggests that further investigation is needed.

Christine L. Murphy
IAFOR Scholarship Recipient
Christine L. Murphy is a doctoral candidate in the department of Religious Studies at the Universityof California, Santa Barbara. Murphy conducted two years of ethnographic fieldwork in Mongolia
and is focused on the deconstruction of racial and gendered privilege in the cultural appropriationof Buddhism in the West. Her research has been supported by the Council of American Overseas
Research Centers, the American Center for Mongolian Studies, The Henry Luce Foundation, and
the Association of Asian Studies.
Tuesday | 14:00-14:30 | Shelley Room (2F)The Richest, The Whitest, The Buddhists: White Supremacy and Western Buddhism
Christine L. Murphy, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
Contemporary Buddhism in the United States and Europe is often divided into one of two categories:
cultural and converted. This paper looks at the growing phenomenon of the socio-economic andpolitical elite co-opting and appropriating Buddhist identities, practices, texts, theologies, andaesthetics into distinctly Western, technologically-focused, interpretations. In particular, the riseof popular marketing tactics, scientifically and psychologically legitimized secular mindfulness
trainings and prescriptions, and the increase in prominent, public, Western Buddhist figures. This
paper asks the question, are these developments the product of a balanced dialogue between
Buddhist and Western culture and identity? Or is this another example of spiritual imperialism,
one perpetuated by a racist and sexist ideology of supremacy? It is inevitable that a religion, whenbrought to a new linguistic, cultural, and historical world, will be altered and adapted to best suit theneeds of the followers, but at what point does the change between East and West reflect colonialprejudices rather than organic development? This paper investigates these questions, touchingon the colonial and orientalist history of Buddhism in North America and Europe, as well as thecontemporary influences of technology, social media, and popular culture.

Abbey Tayebwa
IAFOR Scholarship Recipient
Mr Abbey Tayebwa is a PhD candidate in the department of philosophy, Makerere University,
Kampala, Uganda. He has a bachelor’s degree in Ethics and Humans Rights and also a master’s
degree in Human Rights, both from Makerere University. Mr Tayebwa has worked with the Uganda
Police for about five years, an experience that is a bedrock for choice to pursue a career in humanrights. His current research project (PhD) as proposed, is focusing on the interdependence between
the concepts of social justice, human rights and ethics in particular how moral reasoning (ethics)
is quintessential to the former two. The argument being envisaged for his project is that in order tocultivate a sustainable human rights culture to a point where a citizenry internalizing the inherent
nature of human rights, they must first and foremost internalize their foundation – ethics, andtheir ultimate purpose – justice. [continued on the following page]#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 23

IAFOR Academic Grant& Scholarship Recipients
Wednesday | 13:30-14:00 | Shelley Room (2F)
Ethics and Human Rights Culture in Uganda and the Gays' Life: Understanding Requirements of Justice
Abbey Tayebwa, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
Doubts about the practical relevance of moral ethics-based accounts of human condition generally
is common mostly in the so-called young democracies like Uganda. In like settings, engagements
in moral reasoning on matters of public interest mostly end up implicating sitting governments, andconsequently, end up in state reprisals. In Uganda, Political dissenters and the gay community havesuffered the worst of these retaliations. Whereas moral reasoning on matters of human existence
and governance in particular is the substratum for human rights ideals and potential practices, thisunderstanding is not widely recognized by the political elite Uganda. This paper argues that theessence of ethical reflections on politics and governance is to ensure that the laws and practices
by which human beings are led are reasonably just. Such concerns about justice are further widelyreflected in the visions and teachings of all major World Regions that shaped contemporary humanrights. Basing on the status of “Gay Rights” in Uganda and government attempts at stifling relevant
debates, this paper is intended as a critique of, and caution about, the political beliefs and practices
in Uganda using the John Rawls' Theory of Justice while drawing more insights from other populartheories of justice. The paper intends to demonstrate that in circumstances like those, the teachingof ethics and actual engagements in moral reasoning on the human condition as well as humanrights as one of their corollary is quintessential in guaranteeing social justice.

24 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORThe Reverend Professor
Stuart D. B. Picken (1942–2016)
The late Reverend Professor Stuart D. B. Picken began his distinguished career in academia asa Rotary Scholar on a research trip to Japan. A native of Scotland who had dedicated himself toreligious studies, he immediately became fascinated by Japanese culture and the practice of Shinto.
He was particularly drawn to the parallels and differences he saw in Western pedagogy comparedto that of the East and began a lifelong mission to bridge the communication and knowledge gap
between the two worlds.
Picken was appointed Professor of Philosophy at the International Christian University (ICU) in
1972. Here he turned his Western theological and philosophical training to comparative religious
and cultural studies of Japan, at a time when the country was emerging from the shadows of theSecond World War.
His groundbreaking and controversial work on suicide in Japan made his name within the country,
but it was his subsequent work on Shinto that influenced the rehabilitation of the religion at a time
when it was dismissed in the West as pagan and primitive, or unjustly caricatured for its wartime
associations.
Whether in his research or teaching, Picken devoted much of his life to increasing understanding
between his adopted country of Japan and the West, and in 2007 he was recognised with the Order of
the Sacred Treasure, an imperial decoration for his pioneering research and outstanding contribution
to the promotion of friendship and mutual understanding between Japan and the United Kingdom.
He also served as the International Adviser to the High Priest of the Tsubaki Grand Shrine, one ofJapan’s largest and oldest shrines.
From 2009 he was the founding Chairman of The International Academic Forum (IAFOR), where he
was highly active in helping nurture and mentor a new generation of academics, and facilitating
better intercultural and international awareness and understanding.
Stuart D. B. Picken was a cherished friend and an inspiration to IAFOR and its community of
supporters. In honour of Professor Picken and his dedication to academia, the ideals of intercultural
understanding and the principles of interdisciplinary study, IAFOR has created the Stuart D. B. Picken
Grant and Scholarship, an award supported by the Stuart D. B. Picken Memorial Fund. Awards will
be made to PhD students and early career academics who are in need of funding to complete
their research, and whose work demonstrates excellence in the core values of academic rigour,intercultural sensitivity and interdisciplinarity.
#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 25

www.iafor.org/journals

IAFOR Journals

the iaforjournal of
education
Volume 6 – Issue 2 – Summer 2018
Editor: Yvonne Masters

ISSN: 2187-0594

26 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORThe International Academic Forum’s journals conform to the highest academic standards ofinternational peer review, and are published in accordance with IAFOR’s commitment to make all ofour published materials available online.

How are journal editors appointed?
Journal editors are appointed by The International Academic Forum’s leadership, under the guidance of theInternational Advisory Board. The term of appointment is for one issue, to be renewed by mutual consent.

How do we ensure academic integrity?
Once appointed, the journal editor is free to appoint his or her own editorial team and advisory
members. All papers published in the journal have been subjected to the rigorous and accepted
processes of academic peer review. Neither editors nor members of the editorial team are remunerated
for their work. Authors will never be asked to contribute to publication costs.

How are papers selected?
Journal editors may accept papers through an open call, and proposed articles may be sent directly tothe respective editors. A small number of papers from the associated Conference Proceedings may also
be selected by the journal editor(s) for reworking and revising, subject to normal processes of review. It
is expected that between five and ten percent of papers included in any given Conference Proceedings
will be selected for consideration and potential publication in the associated conference journal.

How are IAFOR journals related to IAFOR conferences?
IAFOR’s journals reflect the interdisciplinary and international nature of our conferences andare organised thematically. Papers included in the associated Conference Proceedings may beconsidered for reworking by the editor(s), and are then subjected to the same processes of peer
review as papers submitted by other means.

Journal Editors
IAFOR Journal of Arts & Humanities
Alfonso J. García Osuna, Hofstra University, USA

IAFOR Journal of Literature & Librarianship
Dr Richard Donovan, Kansai University, Japan

IAFOR Journal of Asian Studies
Dr Seiko Yasumoto, University of Sydney, Australia

IAFOR Journal of Media, Communication & Film
Dr Celia Lam, University of Nottingham
Ningbo China, China

IAFOR Journal of Business & Management
Dr Anshuman Khare, Athabasca University, Canada
IAFOR Journal of Cultural Studies
Professor Holger Briel, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool
University, China
IAFOR Journal of Education
Dr Yvonne Masters, University of New England,
Australia
IAFOR Journal of Ethics, Religion & Philosophy
Professor Lystra Hagley-Dickinson, Plymouth
Marjon University, UK
IAFOR Journal of Language Learning
Professor Melinda Cowart, Texas Woman’s
University, USA

IAFOR Journal of Politics, Economics & Law
Dr Craig Mark, Kyoritsu Women’s University, Japan
IAFOR Journal of Psychology & the Behavioral
Sciences
Dr Shahrokh Shafaie, Southeast Missouri State
University, USA
Dr Deborah G. Wooldridge, Bowling Green State
University, USA
IAFOR Journal of the Social Sciences
Dr Tingting Ying, Ningbo University ofTechnology, China#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 27

Tuesday, July 3 | 17:30-18:30 | Library Terrace (2F)

Conference Welcome Reception

Join fellow delegates for a drink or two at the Conference Welcome Reception. This
event provides a great opportunity for delegates to network and get to know eachother. All registered presenters and audience members are welcome to attend.
Admission is included in the conference registration fee.

28 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORTuesday
July 3Plenary Session
Speakers will provide a variety of perspectives from different academic andprofessional backgrounds on the conference themes. These presentations will berecorded so please ensure that mobile phones are switched off or set to silent mode.

#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 29

09:15-18:30 | Jurys Inn Brighton Waterfront

Tuesday Plenary Session
09:15-10:00		

Conference Registration & Morning Coffee | Renaissance Foyer (B1F)

10:00-10:10		
			

Opening Announcements | Renaissance Suite (B1F)
Kiyoshi Mana, Director of Events, IAFOR

10:10-10:20
Welcome Address | Renaissance Suite (B1F)
			Joseph Haldane, IAFOR
10:20-10:30		

Recognition of IAFOR Scholarship Winners | Renaissance Suite (B1F)

10:30-11:30
						

Keynote Presentation | Renaissance Suite (B1F)
Surviving High-stakes Exams: Do Teachers Help or Hinder?
David Putwain, Liverpool John Moores University, UK

11:30-12:30
						

Keynote Presentation | Renaissance Suite (B1F)“Unchanging Truth? – Not in the Study of Religion”
George D. Chryssides, The University of Birmingham, UK

12:30-12:40		
			

IAFOR Documentary Photography Award – 2017 Winners Screening| Renaissance Suite (B1F)

12:40-12:45		

Conference Photograph | Atrium (1F)

12:45-14:00		

Lunch Break | Atrium Restaurant (1F)

14:00-15:30

Parallel Session I

15:30-15:45		

Coffee Break | Library Terrace (2F)

15:45-17:15

Parallel Session II

17:30-18:30
			Conference Welcome Reception & Conference Poster Session| Library Terrace (2F)30 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORKeynote Presentation | David Putwain

Surviving High-stakes Exams: Do Teachers
Help or Hinder?
Tuesday, July 3 | 10:30-11:30 | Renaissance Suite (B1F)

High-stakes school exit examinations are a feature of many educational systems. The resultsof such examinations are used to select students for transition into higher-level education and/or training, for entry into the workplace, and for accountability purposes to judge the quality ofschools and individual teachers. The results of high-stakes school exit examinations can havea profound impact on the life trajectory of students. It is not surprising, therefore, that teachers
communicate the value and importance of such qualifications to their students; how can success or
failure impact on ones’ life chances. What impact might these communications have on students?
Does it increase pressure; does it motivate and engage students to work hard; does it ultimately
does it relate in any way to exam performance? This presentation will use findings from a 10year programme of research undertaken in relation to the secondary school leaving qualification
in England, the General Certificate of Secondary Education, to address these questions. The key
finding is that students differ in the way that they interpret messages about the importance andvalue of their examinations. Exam value messages can be interpreted in a positive way, to inspire
motivation and engagement, or a negative way to trigger threat and worry. The way that messages
are interpreted determines whether they relate to educational gains or losses. We will close thepresentation by considering the reasons why students interpret messages different and what the
implications are for educators of students preparing for high-stakes school exit examinations.
How can we ensure they are a help rather than a hindrance.

David Putwain
Professor David Putwain is the Director for the Centre of
Educational Research in the School of Education at Liverpool
John Moores University and Chair of the Psychology of Education
Section of the British Psychology Society. He taught in schools
and 6th Form colleges from 1994 to 2003. After completing a
PhD in 2006, David joined Edge Hill University working initiallyin the Department of Social and Psychological Sciences, where
he established an undergraduate programme in Educational
Psychology, and subsequently in the Faculty of Education.
David joined Liverpool John Moores University in May 2016. His
research interests focus on how psychological factors influence learning and achievement witha particular focus on student motivation, emotion, engagement, and the classroom environment.

#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 31

Keynote Presentation | George D. Chryssides“Unchanging Truth? – Not in the Study ofReligion”
Tuesday, July 3 | 11:30-12:30 |Renaissance Suite (B1F)

The lecture explores the role of change in studying religion, with particular reference to new formsof spirituality. There are four interacting areas of change which affect the field of study: society,religion, methodology, and researchers themselves. Starting with an autobiographical account of his
own change as a scholar, George Chryssides explores the range of societal changes that impingeon religion and its study, notably secularisation, communications, the technological revolution,and globalisation. Religious change includes doctrinal change, the rise of new forms of spirituality,
new styles of devotion, and changing roles of participants (such as women, and people of colour).
In new religions, a number of recent happenings, of which 9/11 is the best-known, have shaped
public attitudes, and criticism of controversial religious movements has shifted from religious tosecular critique. In methodology, the study of religion has moved from a text-based discipline to one
which involves fieldwork and focuses on “lived” or “vernacular” religion. Scholars have also come torealise that the phenomena being studied are to some extent our own creation, and concepts such
as Hinduism, Buddhism, world religions, and even religion itself are terms that we have created, andwhich need to be “deconstructed”. The number and diversity of forms of religion require increasing
specialism, entailing that no scholar can claim to be an expert, even on a single type of spirituality.

George D. Chryssides
Dr George D. Chryssides is Honorary Research Fellow inContemporary Religion at the University of Birmingham, after being
Head of Religious Studies at the University of Wolverhampton,
UK, from 2001 to 2008. George Chryssides obtained a First Class
Honours MA degree in philosophy at the University of Glasgow,
and a First Class Honours Bachelor of Divinity in systematictheology. He subsequently undertook postgraduate research at
the University of Oxford, obtaining his doctorate in 1974.
Since 1980, George Chryssides’ main interest has been
new religious movements, on which he has authored numerous books and scholarly articles.
Recent publications include Historical Dictionary of Jehovah’s Witnesses (2008), Heaven’s Gate:
Postmodernity and Popular Culture in a Suicide Group (2011), Historical Dictionary of New Religious
Movements (2012), The Bloomsbury Companion to New Religious Movements (co-edited with
Benjamin E. Zeller, 2014), and Jehovah’s Witnesses: Continuity and Change (2015). He is a regularpresenter at national and international conferences.

32 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORTuesday
July 3
Oral Presentations#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 33

14:00-15:30 | Shelley Room (2F)

Tuesday Session I
Religion
Session Chair: Daniel Dei
40665

14:00-14:30 | Shelley Room (2F)The Richest, The Whitest, The Buddhists: White Supremacy and Western Buddhism
Christine Murphy, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA

Contemporary Buddhism in the United States and Europe is often divided into one of two categories: cultural and converted. This paper
looks at the growing phenomenon of the socio-economic and political elite co-opting and appropriating Buddhist identities, practices,
texts, theologies, and aesthetics into distinctly Western, technologically-focused, interpretations. In particular, the rise of popularmarketing tactics, scientifically and psychologically legitimized secular mindfulness trainings and prescriptions, and the increase inprominent, public, Western Buddhist figures. This paper asks the question, are these developments the product of a balanced dialogue
between Buddhist and Western culture and identity? Or is this another example of spiritual imperialism, one perpetuated by a racist andsexist ideology of supremacy? It is inevitable that a religion, when brought to a new linguistic, cultural, and historical world, will be alteredand adapted to best suit the needs of the followers, but at what point does the change between East and West reflect colonial prejudicesrather than organic development? This paper investigates these questions, touching on the colonial and orientalist history of Buddhism inNorth America and Europe, as well as the contemporary influences of technology, social media, and popular culture.
42256

14:30-15:00 | Shelley Room (2F)

Surviving Customs of Pilgrimage to Olive Trees in North Africa
Tamaki Kitagawa, University of Tsukuba, Japan

In spite of the recent rise of fundamentalism within Islam, Muslims in North Africa have continued to engage in religious activities involving
the veneration of natural objects, usually in connection with the veneration of saints. Traditionally, olive farmers in South Tunisia performziyāra, or short local pilgrimage, to old olive trees as well as to saints' graves at different times of a year. There they observe harvest
festivals and rites of passage and make personal petitions. Based on the results of my fieldwork, this study examines the practice in an
Amazigh community that could be called Village T, a relatively isolated village in the Demmer mountain chain where ziyāra to olive trees
is preserved. As ziyāra to olive trees is described by participants with ambiguous and obscure references to saints, spirits, and ancestors,
the object of veneration is an olive-saint complex, revealing that archaic factors from outside Islam influence their belief and practice. This
custom is an example of how the veneration of trees, spirits, ancestors, and the earth mother have survived within monotheism as saintveneration. Pilgrimage to olive-saint complexes is an agricultural ritual in which the experience of the tree's presence awakens a sense ofcosmogony and of healing and renewal in troubled times. The veneration of olive-saint complexes represents an experience of the world's
renewal through contact with the sacred through the peculiar symbolism of old olive trees.
41211

15:00-15:30 | Shelley Room (2F)

"Belief in God" Does Not Cause Evil: A Response to Richard Dawkins
Daniel Dei, Valley View University, Ghana
Agana-Nsiire Agana, Valley View University, Ghana

Dawkins' The God Delusion renews an old debate concerning the existence or nonexistence of God at the instance of moral and physical/
natural evil in society. He repudiates all theistic claims on grounds that “belief in God” is the sole cause of evil in the society. He installs
atheism in place of theism, claiming the former is a better alternative. By means of an ethical inquiry, this article responds to Dawkins'
claim that “belief in God” is the cause of evil. The article probes the relationship between religion and reality, “belief in God” and the
problem of evil, and the relevance of atheism in present-day society. The article reveals that evil is caused neither by theism nor atheism.
Rather, it resides in the corrupt human nature that occurred shortly after the creation of humanity. Thus the article concludes that evil iscaused and maintained by humanity's inordinate desire for self-preservation at any cost.

34 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFOR

14:30-15:30 | Wordsworth Room (2F)

Tuesday Session I

Psychology & Education
Session Chair: Kullaya Pisitsungkagarn
42287

14:30-15:00 | Wordsworth Room (2F)

Examining the Effectiveness of a Responding Strategy in the Classroom in Saudi Arabia
Sharifah Alghamdi, University of Reading, UK

Teaching strategies need to be effective, but should also be easy to implement, cost-effective, engaging, and adaptable to a range ofcontent (Narayan et al., 1990). Some ensure more active and frequent student responses, such as the use of response cards. The learningbenefits of systematically implemented, active response techniques have often been claimed, but published research on the effectivenessof response cards is limited (Horn, 2010). This study therefore makes an original contribution, especially in the context of a Saudi girls'
schools. A sample of 80 Saudi pupils, aged 6-7 years and attending Year One of a girls' primary school in Jeddah was randomly selectedusing a stratified sampling technique and allocated to two intervention and two control groups. A second sample of four teachers wasthen non-randomly selected using a purposive sampling technique. The impact of colour response cards on academic engagement anddisruptive behaviour was subsequently explored in observed experimental activities, with additional feedback from the pupils. Data werealso gathered from the teachers regarding the effect of response cards on their decision-making. Mixed quantitative and qualitative
methods were therefore deployed pre- and post-observation to answer the research questions: observation, a questionnaire survey, andsemi-structured interviews.
42045

15:00-15:30 | Wordsworth Room (2F)

Psychology Career Development Enhancement: A Case Study of the Fourth-Year Thai Undergraduate Class
Kullaya Pisitsungkagarn, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand

With the work field of Psychology remaining at a budding stage within Thailand, psychology undergraduates – while increasing in number– reportedly experience difficulties identifying their future psychological work. The course “Career in Psychology” hence was offered, toassist students to explore their psychology career options. With the increased enrollment and course limited time resource, classroom
action research was conducted to compare the benefits of the five learning components in the course. Participants were thirty-two fourthyear public-university undergraduates. The majority of them (94%) were in an undergraduate international program in psychology withthe remaining being foreign exchange students. The students responded to self-report measures where they indicated how much they
perceived the benefits and relevance of the course five learning components (i.e., Self-evaluation, Interviews of Psychology Professionals,
Career Site Visit, Career Counseling, and Integrative Analysis of Career Exploration) and relevant open-ended questions. One-way Analyses
of Variance (One-way ANOVAs) were conducted for data analysis, with post-hoc comparisons. Findings suggested that the students
perceived relatively high benefits and high relevance of the five learning components. Indeed, they did not perceive them as significantly
different in terms of their benefits. Still, in terms of their relevance, they found Career Counseling significantly more relevant to their career
exploration than a Career Site Visit. Findings were discussed in terms of implications for future class time and resource management.
Generalizability of the findings to other psychology career development program within the contexts in which psychology was yet to bewell-established was also discussed.

#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 35

15:45-17:15 | Shelley Room (2F)

Tuesday Session II
Religion
Session Chair: Ella Tennant
41283

15:45-16:15 | Shelley Room (2F)

Peace Education Through Textbooks: Schools Need Brave Teachers
Ashar Johnson Khokhar, University of Management and Technology, Pakistan

Peace education is considered an elusive idea. The concept of peace from “absence of war” to a “culture of peace” has evolved andemerged especially in the late 20th and the early 21st century. The ideological representation of different groups, social, ethnic andreligious is embedded in ideological and psychological representations of space “allowed” to the groups. The “allowed” space reflects
the social and political power structure of a society. This research analysed the language textbooks (English, Urdu and Sindhi) taught
to primary school students. This project was completed in two phases. Text analysis was the first phase and for this Textual Analysis
technique was used to analyse the content of the textbooks. The second phase involved a focused group discussion on how teachers
could improve textbook in their classrooms to make students aware of “other religious” communities and their lived experiences. The
analysis found very few references to religious minorities, their religious practices and festivals in the textbooks. The majority of theteachers struggled to edit and modify texts while a minority of teachers who could improve texts, refuse to teach the modified texts in theirclassrooms, fearing backlash from religious groups being the strongest reason. This research suggests the revision of the textbooks withmore space given to religious minorities as this is the only possible means available to students to become aware of all living in Pakistan
and teachers to inform students about the contribution of religious minorities in the creation and development of Pakistan.
42245

16:15-16:45 | Shelley Room (2F)

Analysis of Different Depictions of Manon Lescaut's Last Confession in Operas, With a Focus on Jules
Massenet's “Manon”
Mariko Kasahara, The University of Tokyo, Japan

This paper discusses and proves that French composer Jules Massenet (1842–1912) used his creative inputs and additions to create a
new type of Manon who could be deemed sympathetic and worthy of salvation. This treatment of the issue sets his work apart from other
Manon operas that tended to depict Manon as “femme fatale”. In the late 19th century, opera’s “femme fatales” tended to be frivolous
and impious women. However, Massenet’s “femme fatale”, Manon, is also paradoxically described as a pious girl. In his opera, she yearns
for her salvation and accepts her death calmly. In contrast, the heroine’s lover, Des Grieux, who sincerely yearns for God but is pitifully
seduced in the original work, is described as a weak man who sticks to a “secular” love. Moreover, this work, unlike the original work,mocks Catholic power. Through these contrasting descriptions, Massenet, who composed the opera’s music and was involved in creatingmuch of its text by providing ideas and creative inputs to its two librettists, expresses Manon’s outstanding pious attitude. He particularly
used “leitmotifs” and her confession scene’s text to represent her faith and death as her “salvation”. This presentation analyses the
structures of the death scenes in these operas and Massenet’s work by focusing on their use of music as well as Manon’s last confession.
Finally, the significance of Massenet’s descriptions of Manon is explored against the background of France’s Third Republic era and its
tendency towards secularism.
41532

16:45-17:15 | Shelley Room (2F)

Eclectic Cosmologies and Star Trek: Multi-Media Events in Japanese New Religious Movements
Ella Tennant, Keele University, UK

The use of media and the staging of spectacular events have been a popular means for leaders of new religious movements in Japan to
not only attract new members but also to retain those already “committed” within a tight and firm plausibility structure. In the case of
Kofuku no Kagaku, a Japanese new religion which rose to prominence in the 1990's, such events, while providing entertainment to hugeaudiences in massive venues, served the purpose of perpetuating the personality cult of the leader and the group's eclectic cosmology
and vision of the future. This paper will explore Kofuku no Kagaku’s borrowed vision – from prehistorical cataclysm, the “fleet” of humans
brought to Earth from Pegasus, “Powertrons” as proof of divinity to the leader's apparent ability to know everything that happens in theworld and to foresee what will happen in the future. The invented cosmology, mythology and the borrowing from popular Sci-fi TV showssuch as Star Trek and V: The Original Miniseries by this religious organisation will be presented in the context of a historical ethnographyof multi-media events held in the Tokyo Dome and other major venues. The paper will also explore from an interdisciplinary perspective
how, through wide scale mass communication, costume, drama, special effects, music and publications, the group manufactured religion
merged with showbiz and emotion and succeeded in creating the “spiritual charisma” of the leader.

36 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFOR

15:45-17:15 | Wordsworth Room (2F)

Tuesday Session II
Psychology & Education
Session Chair: Qiuzhi Xie
41307

15:45-16:15 | Wordsworth Room (2F)

Evaluating The Impact of Emotional Eating Behaviour on Saudi Adolescents and Recognizing the Ways to Stop
Unhealthy Eating
Maali Aloudah, University of Reading, UK

Emotional eating is consuming food which commonly has a large content of energy in response to feelings rather than hunger such as
depression, anxiety, sadness, anger, loneliness, fear, and happiness. This eating behaviour can affect health in a negative way and lead togaining weight. Though the feelings of shame and guilt which go after an event or a case of emotional eating usually lead the individual
feeling to be worse instead of better. Emotional eating makes people find it difficult to adapt and regulate their eating behaviour with theiremotions. In Saudi Arabia, there is a big concern about mental health problems between adolescents. Yet, emotional eating disorders havenot been addressed among this aimed group in a satisfactory or significant way. It is significant to understand why adolescents try tocope with their emotions by using eating. Adolescents' experiences and perceptions can provide an obvious clue around the link between
eating attitudes and emotions which will, in turn, help to detect efficient ways to promote awareness and suggest solutions. Objective:
The aim of this study is to examine and diagnose understand (comprehend / know) factors that lead to emotional eating of adolescentstudents (aged 12 to 15 years) in Saudi Arabia and design a relevant online healthy programme which addresses adolescent needs.
Procedure: This study is based on a mixed method approach. 300 students were participated to answer a questionnaire, they were chosenfrom 10 intermediate schools (ages 12-15) (5 girls' schools and 5 boys' schools) in different district in Riyadh city in Saudi Arabia. Fifteen
female students (who show higher inclination to emotional eating) were engaged in 1:1 interviews. Primary results: 64% of students had
inclination towards emotional eating in several stages. There was a positive correlation between emotional eating and age progressing.
The factor which promotes emotional eating mostly was feelings, parents and peers came next and subsequently social media. The
results showed that participants eating food: 85% for the feeling of comfort, 82% is because of sadness or anxiety, 57% was regarding tohappiness, 39% of them was eating to feel safe. Participants preferred mostly using social media platforms for searching information andfun. They preferred mostly YouTube, SnapChat and Instagram. These preferences varied regarding to the group age. Participants preferred
programmes that include challenges and entertainment, and which enable them communicate with others.
41411

16:15-16:45 | Wordsworth Room (2F)A Model for the Facilitation of Re-Authoring of Life Stories in Adolescent Boys Experiencing Proactive
Aggression by Educational Psychologists in Secondary Schools
Sarina de Jager, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
CPH Myburgh, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
Marie Poggenpoel, University of Johannesburg, South Africa

Pro-active aggression is a dangerous form of aggression that has long been present and unrecognized in the South African context.
This subtype of aggression is instrumental and premeditated in nature. The adolescent boy experiencing this type of aggression ischaracterised by his ability to manipulate and control the individuals around him in order to gain social position, power and material
goods. Objectives of the study were to explore and describe adolescent boys' experience of aggression in a secondary school and todevelop a psycho educational model that will serve as framework of reference for educational psychologists to facilitate the mental healthof adolescent boys dealing with pro-active aggression. In-depth phenomenological interviews were conducted with 10 adolescent boys
between the ages of 13 and 18 years and who adhered to the criteria of experiencing pro-active aggression. (Ethical clearance nr: 2014048.) The results show that the adolescent boy experiencing pro-active aggression is primarily motivated by a deep fear of vulnerability.
This fear drives him to gain what he perceives as control of his surroundings by controlling how people perceive him. The research
resulted in the development of a psycho-educational model for educational psychologists in the secondary school context to equip themin facilitating the re-authoring of the life story of the adolescent boy experiencing pro-active aggression.
42038

16:45-17:15 | Wordsworth Room (2F)The Predictive Power of Personality and Parenting Style for Life Satisfaction in Chinese Adolescents
Qiuzhi Xie, University of Saint Joseph, Macao

Although student life satisfaction is always emphasized, the predictors of life satisfaction among adolescents are not fully explored. The
present research investigates the predictive power of personality and parenting style for life satisfaction in Chinese secondary school
students. A validated indigenous personality inventory was particularly used to assess personality traits of Chinese students. The Parental
Authority Questionnaire and The Satisfaction with Life Scale were respectively used to test parenting style and life satisfaction. The
results demonstrate the inter-relationship among personality, parental style, and life satisfaction. Approximately 31% variance in global
life satisfaction could be accounted for by personality (emotional stability, dependability, and indigenous interpersonal relatedness) andparenting style (authoritative and permissive styles). In addition, different domains of life satisfaction were associated with personality
and parenting style to various extents. Cross-cultural significance and practical implications are discussed.

#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 37

Submit your research to the

IAFOR Journal of Ethics,
Religion & Philosophy
The IAFOR Journal of Ethics, Religion & Philosophy is an internationally reviewed andeditorially independent interdisciplinary journal associated with IAFOR’s international
conferences on ethics, religion and philosophy.
The IAFOR Journal of Ethics, Religion & Philosophy offers the opportunity to continue
to advance international scholarship in all themes and overlap of fundamental andapplied ethics, religion and philosophy. It aims to encourage both the specific andbroad ranging examination of these themes in all research ontological, epistemologicaland methodological approaches. The Journal welcomes submissions related to a
multi-disciplinary approach to addressing moral, ethical, religious and philosophicalchallenges faced by the world’s researchers, academics, practitioners andprofessionals within the field. While specific topics that overlap the three themes of
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The journal editor welcomes submissions related to ethics, religion and philosophy
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38 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORTuesday
July 3
Poster Presentations#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 39

17:30-18:30 | Library Terrace (2F)

Tuesday Poster Session
41115

17:30-18:30 | Library Terrace (2F)The Relationship of Self-Efficacy to Catastrophizing and Depressive Symptoms in Community-Dwelling Older
Adults with Chronic Pain: A Moderated Mediation Model
Sheung-Tak Cheng, The Education University of Hong Kong & University of East Anglia, Hong Kong

Self-efficacy has been consistently found to be a protective factor against psychological distress and disorders in the literature. However,
little research is done on the moderating effect of self-efficacy on depressive symptoms in the context of chronic pain. This study aimed
to examine if pain self-efficacy attenuated the direct relationship between pain intensity and depressive symptoms, as well as their
indirect relationship through reducing the extent of catastrophizing when feeling pain (moderated mediation). 664 community-dwelling
Chinese older adults aged 60-95 years who reported chronic pain for at least three months were recruited from social centers. They
completed a battery of questionnaires on chronic pain, pain self-efficacy, catastrophizing, and depressive symptoms in individual face-toface interviews. Controlling for age, gender, education, self-rated health, number of chronic diseases, pain disability, and pain self-efficacy,
pain catastrophizing was found to partially mediate the connection between pain intensity and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, therelationship between pain intensity and depressive symptoms was moderated by pain self-efficacy. Self-efficacy was also found tomoderate the relationship between pain intensity and catastrophizing and the moderated mediation effect was confirmed using bootstrap
analysis. The results suggested that pain intensity's direct effect on depressive symptoms and its indirect effect on depressive symptoms
via catastrophizing both disappeared when self-efficacy was high. Our findings suggest that pain self-efficacy is a significant protective
factor that contributes to psychological resilience in chronic pain patients by attenuating the relationship of pain intensity to bothcatastrophizing and depressive symptoms.
42368

17:30-18:30 | Library Terrace (2F)

Depressive Disorder and Dissociation in University Students: A Subsample From the SOWISE
Mohammed Alsubaie, Durham University, UK & King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
Helen Stain, Leeds Trinity University, UK
Lisa Webster, Leeds Trinity University, UK

Background: Although considerable evidence in the literature suggests that dissociative disorder among adults is linked to adverse
experiences (including childhood adversity, current adversity), and depressive disorder, this evidence comes mostly from clinical andgeneral populations. Therefore, examining the relationship between dissociative disorder, current adversity, depressive disorder, andacademic performance among university students is essential to bridge this knowledge gap, and to inform future intervention programmes
for the wellbeing of university students. Method: A sample of a UK University students (aged 18 and older) participated in an online
survey (SOWISE) including Childhood adversity (Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q)), current adversity(List of Threatening Experiences Questionnaire (LTE-Q)), academic performance (Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES)), and depressive
symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)). Upon completion of this stage, the sample selection criteria was applied to recruita sub-sample based on reported depressive symptoms (scored 10 and over on the PHQ9) and a history of childhood adversity (at least
one type reported). Participants who met the selection criteria were then invited to complete the measurement of dissociative disorder(Dissociative Experiences Scale-II), and depressive disorder ( the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-5-RV). Socio-demographic variables
covered age, gender, and year of study. Results: This study was made of a sub-sample of 50 university students (9 males and 41 females)with a mean age of 20.96 years. Using the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-5-RV) criteria and the Dissociative Experiences Scale-II
cut-off score of 30, the prevalence of depressive disorder was 38%, and the dissociative disorder was 22%. There was a significant positive
relationship between dissociative disorder and depressive disorder, and current adversity as well. Also, there was a significant negative
relationship between dissociative disorder and academic performance. Conclusion: The results of this study increased our understandingof the significant influence of dissociative disorder in students. Universities must implement intervention programmes to reduce theburden of depressive and dissociative disorders.
41257

17:30-18:30 | Library Terrace (2F)"Did He Ask You About Your Family?": Effects of Age and Trauma-Related Psychopathology
Antonia Cartwright, University of California, Davis, USA
Jessica Appell, University of California, Davis, USA
Deborah Goldfarb, University of California, Davis, USA
Mitchell Eisen, California State, Los Angeles, USA
Jianjian Qin, California State, Sacramento, USA
Gail Goodman, University of California, Davis, USA

After experiencing a traumatic event, children are often asked about disclosure conversations. Such questioning may reflect concerns
about interviewer influence, which could affect children's later memory accuracy. Children's ability to accurately remember and resist
false suggestions may be compounded by trauma-related psychopathology resulting from maltreatment experiences. However, few
scientific studies exist on the accuracy of maltreated children's memory for forensically relevant interviews, especially during active
abuse investigations. In the present study, maltreated children and children with no known maltreatment histories (N = 351) aged 3 to
16 years, predominantly African-American from low socioeconomic status backgrounds, were questioned about what was discussedwith a clinical psychologist during assessment of the children's trauma histories. Standardized measures of psychopathology indicatedthat clinical levels were high (e.g., 56.7% reached clinical cutoff of adaptive functioning problems). Regression analyses were conducted
to examine predictors of memory accuracy; specifically, age, IQ, maltreatment status, and psychopathology. The Age X Maltreatment
Status interaction were entered as predictors of children's answers to free recall, specific, misleading, and lineup questions. Results
revealed developmental differences in amount of correct information provided in free recall, proportion of correct responses to specificand misleading questions, and accurate person identifications in target-absent lineups, ps < .05. Additionally, a binary logistic regression
showed that trauma-related psychopathology was associated with fewer commission errors (e.g., on photo lineups, Ï‡2 [1] = 3.96, p =.047). These findings contribute to an understanding of memory development in the context of psychopathology in children with andwithout known maltreatment histories.

40 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFOR

17:30-18:30 | Library Terrace (2F)

Tuesday Poster Session
41367

17:30-18:30 | Library Terrace (2F)

Empirical Attitudes on Posthumous Reproduction

Ariel Henig, Center for Bioethics, Harvard Medical School, USA
Posthumous reproduction is the usage of the gametes of an individual to create offspring following their death. The ethical evaluationof this procedure centers on the need to respect the wishes of the deceased, and evaluate whether or not they would have “consented”
to the procedure. Empirical data describing public opinion about posthumous reproduction can be useful in enacting the most ethicallyappropriate regulatory policies. Given that attempts to characterize the perspective of the population on posthumous reproduction
have thus far been narrow in scope, this review aims to summarize current studies examining empirical attitudes towards posthumous
reproduction. Systematic literature review was conducted by identifying studies addressing empirical attitudes towards posthumous
reproduction from PubMed. A total of seven studies encompassing 8,425 participants from three different countries (Japan, Israel, and theUnited States) fulfilled the criteria and were included in the analysis. In six of the available studies, a majority of participants demonstrateda favorable attitude towards posthumous reproduction, whereas in the seventh study, approximately half of the participants demonstrateda favorable attitude. Although this study provides insight into attitudes regarding posthumous reproduction of certain populations, itsuggests that further investigation is needed.
41818

17:30-18:30 | Library Terrace (2F)

Influence of Familiarity and Social Sensitivity on Performance in a Consensus Game
Naohiro Obata, Hokusei Gakuen University, Japan

In this study, we focused on familiarity and social sensitivity of group member, and we investigated how they affected performance a
consensus game. A consensus game is one of communication game. Its purpose is to solve some problems by group discussion. In thisexperiment, we used the consensus game called “If you have distress in the desert?” Its task is to list 12 items in order of importance forsurvival. 186 students participated in this experiment. They were divided into groups of 4-6 people. They were told to list the items alone.
After that, they were told to list them by discussion in the group. Then, they took reading the mind in the eyes test (RMET) to measure theirsocial sensitivity. Finally, they were asked to answer their familiarity. Effect of familiarity (High, Middle, and Low) and social sensitivity(High, Low) were analyzed using ANOVA. In the analysis of group's score, group of high social sensitivity were higher than another group.
Then, in the analysis of the difference between personal and group score, group of high social sensitivity were higher than another group,
especially in the group of high familiarity. These results indicated that social sensitivity improve their group decision making. Especiallythey had a close relationship, the result have a pronounced tendency to improve. Therefore, it is important for group decision making or
problem solving to enhance our social sensitivity and to create an environment that can freely express our opinions one another.
41051

17:30-18:30 | Library Terrace (2F)

Coping and Survival Strategies Implemented by Women Who Faced Partner Rapes
Loredana Roinich, University of Mons, Belgium
Marielle Bruyninckx, University of Mons, BelgiumThis communication summarizes the results of a qualitative research conducted among five young women (25 year-old in average), former
victims of partner rapes, who separated from their spouses. Five tools were used in order to answer our research questions: an anamnestic
questionnaire, a semi-structured interview, the Body-Image Questionnaire (Bruchon-Schweitzer, 1987), “The Multidimensional Inventoryof Sexuality” (Snell, Fisher & Walters, 1993) and The Questionnaire on Negative Thoughts and Concerns during Sexual Relationships(Beck, 1988). Our results show that, when they have to face sexual assaults from a violent spouse, the victims use various verbal and /orphysical tactics to resist their abuser. However, the more important the author's determination is, the less effective the victims' strategies
of resistance are. Sometimes, the women have no choice but to suffer these abusive and non-consensual relations which coerce theminto setting mental processes in order to stand this dehumanizing act. Partner rapes generate significant trauma, especially in the field of
sexuality. Most of our subjects react with more or less intense sexual inhibition. Others engage in sexual practices that provoke emotional
anesthesia (sadomasochism, multiple sexual relations, etc.) in order to maintain an active sex life. After the separation, the victims preferto implement strategies of disengagement (minimization, denial, ...) allowing them to avoid the resurgence of painful effects related tothe past abuses. However, the use of such defense mechanisms obstructs the access to mental care and therefore to the elements of apotentially life-saving resilience.
42077

17:30-18:30 | Library Terrace (2F)A Narrative Study of Immigrant Psychologists' Experiences of Working Professionally in the Cultural Context
of Aotearoa, New ZealandAdriana Thomas, The University of Auckland, New ZealandDespite a growing interest in immigration, cross-cultural therapy and an increasing number of foreign-born therapists around the world(Kissil, Niño & Davey, 2013), the experience of migrant therapists has received very little attention. Most of the literature on culturalcompetence places emphasis on advising therapists from dominant cultural groups on appropriate ways of working with ethnic minority
clients (Boyd-Franklin, 2006; Pedersen, Crethar, & Carlson, 2008). On the other hand, there is little research or clinical discussion
on the impact of being a migrant as a therapist. The purpose of this study is to explore the experiences of migrant psychologists/
psychotherapists who have trained overseas and are working in New Zealand in a bicultural and multicultural context. A qualitative semistructured narrative approach was utilized during in-depth interviews in which participants divided their accounts into stages. Narrative
and thematic analysis was utilized to explore and understand the experiences of migrant psychologists/psychotherapists working in New
Zealand. Participants in this study described challenges in the early stages of migrating and working in New Zealand such as culturaldifferences when working therapeutically. Over time, several participants gained access to support, made new professional connections
and had opportunities for further learning and career advancement.

#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 41

THINK.IAFOR.ORG
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is an ambitious project conceived by academics, for academics, with the following
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Wednesday
July 4#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 43

10:00-12:00 | Shelley Room (2F)

Wednesday Session I

Linguistics, Language & Psychology/Behavioral Science
Session Chair: Chia-Kuei Lee
41285

10:00-10:30 | Shelley Room (2F)

Ecological Hermeneutics As a Solution to Jevons Paradox
Norikazu Furukawa, The University of Tokyo, Japan

The present study investigates the nature of Jevons Paradox, one of the greatest frustrations shared among the researchers and practitioners
in sustainability related fields: the more energy efficient the civilization becomes, the greater the energy consumption grows, for the lower priceof the access to energy. The investigation is conducted by fusing major theories of multiple disciplines: economics, ecology, ethics, linguistics,
and Eastern and Western philosophy. First, drawing on theories of behavioral economics, how a person's self-identity shapes his or her utility
function is analyzed, with a special focus on increasing demand for energy. Second, various types of self-identity are compared in terms ofdecisional and behavioral patterns that follow them, along with the description of the process in which self-identity is shaped by application of
the theory of hermeneutic circles. Third, treating Naessian deep ecology as the latest and global example, the study situates the ideas woven
by Western philosophers such as Deleuze and Guattari, Whitehead, and Hegel on one hand, and Eastern philosophers of Buddhist and Taoist
traditions on the other, in a millennia-long contemplative endeavor that would be called “ecological hermeneutics” in relation to self-identity
development. Fourth, the ethical, economic and political implications of a thorough practice of ecological hermeneutics will be discussed while
avoiding the naturalist fallacy. Finally, a few educational recommendations, including a suggestion on the use of the word “environment”, will bemade in order to facilitate ecological hermeneutics in formal and informal settings which will be followed by a concluding remark.
41234

10:30-11:00 | Shelley Room (2F)

When Financial Literacy and Numeracy in Not Enough: Financial Decision-Making Under Cognitive Constraints
Vânia Costa, University of Coimbra, Portugal
Eduardo Santos, IPC, University of Coimbra, Portugal
Nuno Sá Teixeira, University of Rome, Italy
Ana Cordeiro Santos, University of Coimbra, Portugal

In the last decade, financial literacy and numeracy became prominent topics on the public agenda worldwide. Both are considered fundamental
skills (i) to navigate in the increasingly sophisticated financial markets and (ii) to engage in sound and rational decisions (OECD, 2005; 2008,2009; World Bank, 2009). On the other hand, dual-process theory claims that the human mind is dual, which means that in a certain decisiontask there are two distinct processing mechanisms involved – the intuitive and rapid responses of System 1 and the reflexive action of
System 2 (Stanovich & West, 2000; Evans, 2003, 2006, 2007; Kanheman & Frederick, 2002). System 1 is often associated with decisions errors
and cognitive biases while System 2 is responsible for monitoring the response of system 1, override it when necessary and replace it withan alternative response. Traditionally, these two perspectives have been kept in different lines of research. In a repeated measures study, we
examine the protective role of financial literacy on overall decision quality (utility maximization, framing effects and risk-taking behaviour)in conditions where System 2 is (a) unimpaired (no time pressure, no cognitive load, no stress) and (b) weakened (by imposing cognitive
constraints such as: time pressure, cognitive load and stress). Results showed that financially literate and highly numerate participants
perform significantly different when they face cognitive constraints versus when they do not. The experimental results are extremely relevant
to inform financial regulators and governments about the importance and limits of promoting financial literacy and numeracy.
42266

11:00-11:30 | Shelley Room (2F)How Occasional and Regular Train Travellers Process Information in Train Station: A Comparison Between
Virtual Reality and in-Situ Studies
Allan Armougum, University of Paris Descartes, FranceThis study aims to investigate decision-making in regular and occasional train travellers by comparing information comprehension for normal
and non-optimal scenarios. We expected regular travellers to show better performance than the occasional travellers in each scenario, due totheir knowledge of the train station. This experiment was performed with a virtual reality system for normal and non-optimal conditions andan in-situ experiment for normal condition only. In both conditions, indications were given in a story-telling format, where the participants were
implicitly asked to navigate to different check-points in the train station. Heart rate and electrodermal activity were monitored for all travellers
using an E4 wristband sensor. These data were coupled to a surprised episodic memory test performed after navigation, to identify the signage
information remembered by the travellers. The main results indicated interactions between the travellers' profile and the type of scenarios regarding
both mnesic and physiological measures. Regular travellers showed better mnemonic performances with less stress in normal condition than theoccasional travellers but were less efficient in non-optimal condition and more stressed. This shows that regular train travellers are less invested in
information processing. In non-optimal condition, the regular travellers need to learn the signage. These findings suggest that the experts can only
apply their knowledge to a situation similar to the context in which the knowledge was initially acquired. This knowledge is updated in non-optimal
condition, and new information is added every time. New signage should thus be evaluated with regular travellers in non-optimal condition.
42125

11:30-12:00 | Shelley Room (2F)

Cognitive Mechanisms of Early Initiation of Alcohol Use Among Adolescents: Alcohol-Related Self-Cognition
and Cognitive Appraisals
Chia-Kuei Lee, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
Li-Ling Liao, I-Shou University, Taiwan
Jui-Ying Feng, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan

Cognitions internalize external influence from individual's social context and have been conceptualized as an underlying mechanism ofadolescents' vulnerability to engaging in alcohol use. Self-cognitions and cognitive appraisals are distinct aspects of cognition and being
recognized as the most prominent cognitive factors that influence information processing and the governing of behavior. Theoretically,
one's self-cognitions may shape his/her cognitive appraisals and, in turn, regulate and sustain behaviors. This study aimed to determine
1) whether alcohol-related self-cognition (so-called drinker self-schema) and cognitive appraisals (i.e. alcohol expectancies and alcohol
refusal self-efficacy) mediate the influence of contextual factors (e.g. parental alcohol problem, siblings' and friends' alcohol use, familyinteraction, media exposure) on early alcohol use initiation; and 2) whether alcohol-related cognitive appraisals mediate the effects of drinker
self-schema on early alcohol use initiation among adolescents. A convenience sample of 234 adolescents enrolled in a public junior highschool in Taiwan was recruited. The anonymous self-report questionnaire was administered in the school-setting without the presence ofschool teachers. Results showed that higher drinker self-schema scores and lower alcohol refusal self-efficacy were significantly associatedwith early initiation of alcohol use separately, but not alcohol expectancies. Drinker self-schema and alcohol refusal self-efficacy (at least
partially) mediated the influences of contextual factors on early alcohol use initiation. Furthermore, the indirect effect of drinker self-schemaon early initiation of alcohol use through alcohol refusal self-efficacy was significant. Findings support the theoretical proposition andprovide a foundation for the development of early-intervention strategies to mitigate alcohol use among high-risk Taiwanese adolescents.

44 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFOR10:00-12:00 | Keats Room (2F)

Wednesday Session I
Community Development
Session Chair: Syeda Jesmin
41828

10:00-10:30 | Keats Room (2F)

Body Image, Socio-Cultural Factors and Psychological Health Among Adolescents in Accra, Ghana
Vida Asah-Ayeh, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana

The present study examined the relationship between adolescents' body image and psychological health. Further, it evaluated the coping
strategies used when under stress. 336 participants were recruited from private and public educational institutions in Accra, Ghana. It
comprised 142 males and 194 females, aged between 14 to 21 years old. They were administered tests assessing body image, psychologicalhealth and coping strategies. The results revealed that participants who were satisfied with their body image showed significantly lower
levels of stress than those with poor body image (body dissatisfaction). In addition, adolescents with poor body image reported experiencing
higher levels of pressure on internalization thin/low fat and muscular/athletic of psychological distress. Those with poor body image(dissatisfaction) reported higher avoidance and fixing coping compared to participants with good body image (body satisfaction).
41324

10:30-11:00 | Keats Room (2F)

Cognitive and Affective Disorder Among the Elderly in Assisted Living Facilities in Klang Valley, Malaysia
Nadia Mohamad Hatta, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
Eliza Abdul Aziz, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
Sook Fan Yap, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia

This research was conducted in privately-run assisted living facilities for the elderly in the Klang Valley, Malaysia to screen for cognitive
disorder using the Mini-Cog assessment and affective disorder using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2. Besides finding the incidencesof these disorders as well as the gender and race distribution among the sample, this research also aimed to find the association between
cognitive and affective disorder with two factors; level of education and frequency of visits from family and/or friends for the past 2
years. This cross-sectional study managed to obtain consent to interview a total of 591 residents out of which 43 (7.2%) are found to
be positive for cognitive impairment and 188 (31.8%) are found to be have depressive disorder. Among the 43 residents with cognitive
disorder, a majority of 16 (37.2%) did not receive any formal education and the same number also did not receive any visits from family
and/or friends. Among the 188 residents with depressive disorder, a majority of 64 (34%) received secondary education and a majorityof 65 (34.6%) received monthly visits from family and/or friends. There are positive associations between cognitive disorder and levelof education as well as frequency of visits from family and/or friends. But interestingly, there are no associations between depressive
disorder and level of education as well as frequency of visits. The reasons behind these figures will be further explored in this paper alongwith possible intervention methods.
41577

11:00-11:30 | Keats Room (2F)"Oneness": A Model for Understanding the Concept and Its Relationship to Pro-Social and Pro-Environmental
Tendencies
Ties Coomber, University of Auckland, New Zealand

A key contribution of psychological research to some of the biggest problems of our time, such as poverty and anthropogenic climate change,
is in developing an understanding of the psychological precursors to pro-social and pro-environmental values, motivations, and behaviours.
One precursor that has received substantial attention in the literature is the perception of a profound connection between the “self” and“other” such that the self is not perceived to be a discrete, separate entity (i.e., “oneness”). However, there has yet to be a thorough comparisonand synthesis of the range of oneness concepts used in the relevant literature. The research reported here aims to fill this gap by outlining
a model that can be used to understand and compare these concepts and guide future research. The model is based on a thorough reviewof the relevant literature, in which the language used, both in the description of concepts and in the items contained within their respective
self-report measures, was analysed and organised into the model's dimensions. A key finding of the research, aside from the model itself,
is that no oneness measure in the literature explicitly distinguishes between the model's dimensions, thereby conflating potentially distinct
psychological phenomena, and overlooking their potentially different effects on pro-social and pro-environmental values, motivations, andbehaviours. Data that supports the model and the construction of a new measure based on the model will also be presented.
41939

11:30-12:00 | Keats Room (2F)

Women's Attitudinal Acceptance of Intimate Partner Violence: Examining the Influence of Women Empowerment
Syeda Jesmin, University of North Texas at Dallas, USA
Iftekhar Amin, University of North Texas at Dallas, USA

Nearly 30% of ever-partnered women worldwide have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) in their lifetime. Research shows thatin the low-income countries, women have lower status in society and limited option to leave an abusive husband. In such contexts,
disempowered women may begin to justify their experiences of IPV and suffer abuse silently. Using data from the Demographic and
Health Surveys (DHSs) 2011, the current study examined if disempowered women are further influenced by the socioeconomic context
that shapes their lenient attitude towards IPV. The sample included 16,480 married women living in 600 communities in Bangladesh, adeveloping country in Southeast Asia. A wife beating attitudes index was used, which was assessed with five questions that asked women
if they think husbands are justified in beating wives in five different scenarios. A series of multilevel regression models were estimatedusing the SPSS for Windows version 22.0. Findings show that women's control over household matters was significantly negatively
association with their justification of IPV. However, the context of the community mattered. In economically better off communities,
women were more likely to tolerate wife beating compared to their counterparts in disadvantaged communities, which could be explainedby their economic dependence on the husbands and their fear of poverty if abandoned by the husbands. Although actual occurrences of
IPV may be higher in poorer communities, the tolerance for such behaviors was lower in these communities. Findings of this study haveimportant implications for IPV prevention programs in the low-income countries.

#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 45

10:00-12:00 | Wordsworth Room (2F)

Wednesday Session I
General Psychology
Session Chair: Emily Hong
41311

10:00-10:30 | Wordsworth Room (2F)

Between Multiple Identities and Ethical Dilemmas: Healthcare Professionals' Identity Conflict Perception andEthical Behaviour in End-of-Life Circumstances
Lara Carminati, University of Surrey, UK
YingFei Héliot, University of Surrey, UK

Legal changes in medical regulations and advancements in medical technology have challenged healthcare organisations’ approaches toethical controversies and influenced healthcare professionals’ clinical practice, especially in End-of-Life (EoL) situations. In such situations,healthcare professionals may experience moral identity conflicts, or ethical dilemmas. Indeed, the moral code of conduct of doctors andnurses’ professional identity can interact with the moral values of their other non-work identities. These ethical conflicts could significantly
affect healthcare professionals’ actions, patient care and quality of healthcare. Although a thorough understanding of identity conflict
emergence, perception and influence would help healthcare professionals and organisations to promptly respond to such consequences,
research has not exhaustively addressed these ethical conflict dynamics. Therefore, through an interdisciplinary perspective integrating
theoretical and empirical works in management/organisation studies and medical literature, this paper explores healthcare professionals’
ethical identity conflicts perception and behaviour in EoL circumstances. To pursue this aim, a qualitative research methodology has beenchosen. Semi-structured interviews (N=54) have been conducted among healthcare professionals, implementing both theoretical sampling,
to strengthen the rigour of the study, and random sampling, to ameliorate any potential selection bias. The tradition of thematic analysis isfollowed to analyse the data. Hence, by offering an in-depth understanding of how ethical conflicts are experienced by doctors and nurses
and bringing new insights on healthcare professionals’ behavioural consequences, this paper enriches current works on ethical identity
conflicts proposing findings and themes related to spiritual/religious identity, parental identity, peer support and identity change.
41332

10:30-11:00 | Wordsworth Room (2F)The Role of Social Support on Perceived Financial Hardship and Parental Behaviour: A Study on a Greek Population
Eirini Papanikolaou, University of Thessaly, Greece
Jasmine-Olga Sarafidou, University of Thessaly, Greece
Maria Loumakou, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece

The present study investigates the effects of perceived financial hardship (subjective) due to the economic crisis on parental behaviour, andthe degree to which social support may work as a moderator of the relationship between perceived financial hardship and parental behaviour.
The participants were 807 parents of children aged 6-12 years that attend Public Primary Schools in urban and non-urban areas of the regionof Thessaly (141 males, 666 females), and the questionnaires were exclusively completed by the parents. The following research instruments
were used: a) a self-designed questionnaire measuring the degree to which the parents feel that the economic crisis has affected several
parts of their life, for example their profession, their financial situation, their relationship with the other members of their family; b) a selfdesigned questionnaire about parental behaviour, measuring the degree to which the parent is involved with their child in various areas;and c) the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet , Dahlem, Zimet & Farley, 1998) measuring the perceptions of social
support adequacy from three specific sources: family, friends and significant other. The findings showed that social support is negatively
correlated with perceived financial hardship and positively correlated with parental behaviour, although the correlations are weak. In addition,a regression analysis revealed that both perceived financial hardship and social support are independent predictors of parental behaviour.
The findings stress the importance of the development of primary health services which could provide psychological support to parents.
42308

11:00-11:30 | Wordsworth Room (2F)Spending Money on Close Others Undermines Creativity
Jessica Seungyoon Sung, KAIST, South Korea
Sujin Lee, KAIST, South Korea
Yunchul Shin, KAIST, South Korea
Su Sang Lee, KAIST, South Korea
Junho Oh, KAIST, South Korea

People spend money mostly on their own needs or those of close others including family, friends, and romantic partners. The current research
proposes that spending on close others diminishes the spender's creativity. Two studies – a field survey and an experiment – support thishypothesis. The underlying mechanism is that spending on close others orients spenders to focus on social proximity; thus, thinking concretely(rather than abstractly). Concrete mental construal explains the diminished creative thinking observed after spending on close others. Our researchsuggests that while spending on family, friends, or loved ones may bring emotional benefits, these come at the cognitive cost of hampered creativity.
41176

11:30-12:00 | Wordsworth Room (2F)

Cognitive Strategies to Improve Self-Continuity in the Face of Change: Holistic Reasoning, Stability, and Narration
Emily Hong, Queen's University, Canada
Li-Jun Ji, Queen's University, Canada

Research has documented evidence of the positivity and desirability of self-continuity. However, changes in our self and life are inevitable. In thepresent study, we explored how cognitive strategies could be used to improve a sense of self-continuity in the face of these changes. Across threestudies, we found that holistic thinkers reported greater self-continuity than analytic thinkers (Study 1). However, analytic thinkers' self-continuity
could also be enhanced by focusing on stability (Study 2) and/or construing instability using narration (Study 3). Study 1 showed that holistic
thinkers reported greater self-continuity than analytic thinkers through their endorsement of the integral view of the self (IVS), which is characterized
by a tendency to focus on the overall resemblance of self than its parts. In Study 2, we then showed that emphasizing the stability between the pastand present selves was effective in enhancing analytic thinkers' self-continuity, but not holistic thinkers' self-continuity. In addition, Study 3 foundthat analytic thinkers' self-continuity was enhanced when they were induced to construe the instability between their past and present selves in anarrative manner. These findings provide an insight as to how self and identity can be preserved through various cognitive mechanisms.

46 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFOR13:00-14:30 | Shelley Room (2F)

Wednesday Session II
EthicsSession Chair: Mao Naka41159

13:00-13:30 | Shelley Room (2F)

Ethics and Human Rights Culture in Uganda and the Gays' Life: Understanding Requirements of Justice
Abbey Tayebwa, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

Doubts about the practical relevance of moral ethics-based accounts of human condition generally is common mostly in the so-called
young democracies like Uganda. In like settings, engagements in moral reasoning on matters of public interest mostly end up implicating
sitting governments, and consequently, state reprisals. In Uganda, Political dissenters and the gay community have suffered the worst ofthese retaliations. Whereas moral reasoning on matters of human existence and governance in particular is the substratum for humanrights ideals and potential practices, this understanding is not widely recognized by the political elite Uganda. This paper argues thatthe essence of ethical reflections on politics and governance is to ensure that the laws and practices by which human beings are led arereasonably just. Such concerns about justice are further widely reflected in the visions and teachings of all major World Regions thatshaped contemporary human rights. Basing on the status of ‘Gay Rights' in Uganda and government attempts at stifling relevant debates,
this paper is intended as a critique of, and caution about, the political beliefs and practices in Uganda using the John Rawls' Theory ofJustice while drawing more insights from other popular theories of justice. The paper intends to demonstrate that in circumstances likethose, the teaching of ethics and actual engagements in moral reasoning on the human condition as well as human rights as one of theircorollary is quintessential in guaranteeing social justice.
41322

13:30-14:00 | Shelley Room (2F)

“Baby Hatches”, in Japan and Abroad: An Alternative to Harming Babies
Mao Naka, Kobe University, JapanA "baby hatch" system is prevalent worldwide. Mothers or parents, who cannot bring up a child by themselves, leave their baby in a safe
space. This is a contentious issue in Japan and in many other countries. Its modern origin is found in the German “Babyklappe,” and theJapanese baby hatch is based on this model. While there are many such places in Germany now, Japan still has only one baby hatch.
This system aims to prevent the abandonment or killing of a baby; however, it is regarded as a last resort to protect a baby's life and tohelp mothers or parents who are in a difficult situation. Several measures are therefore taken to prevent parents from actually using
this system. However, this system has been highly criticized for endangering the lives of both babies and mothers, tolerating private
childbirth, and not ensuring a child's right to know its biological origin. The “confidential childbirth” system – wherein information about
the child's mother is kept a secret until the child becomes an adult – is considered one of the most effective alternatives to overcome
these limitations. Germany has legalized this system, and the Japanese hospital where the sole baby hatch is set up has planned to adopt
it. We thus examine the context around the Japanese baby hatch system, comparing it with the German system, and assert that it should
be developed in a way that it complements other systems in helping to prevent the termination of a baby's life.
42373 14:00-14:30 | Shelley Room (2F)The History of Islamic Bioethics

Saad Aljloud, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
Medical bioethics has a long history worldwide. It is often thought that medical bioethics history has begun at the time of Hippocrates.
However, it is clear that different cultures and religious as Babylonian, ancient Egypt, Greece and Islam have attempted to regulate
medicine. One of the earliest written in this filed by Abu Bakir Mohammed Alrasi (925). This paper will take a critical historical analysis
into the factors contributing to the emergence of liberal bioethical decision-making in Saudi Arabia. This paper will summarize the debate
and discusses regarding the one case that called organ transplantation and show how Muslim scholars and Saudi scholars deal with this.

#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 47

13:00-14:30 | Keats Room (2F)

Wednesday Session II
Mental Health
Session Chair: Michael Scott Eason
39922

13:00-13:30 | Keats Room (2F)

"Does Co-Sleeping Put Personality's Differentiation to Lethargy?" Preliminary Empirical Data and Theoretical
Reflections
Kleanthis Neophytou, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Martiño Rodríguez-González, University of Porto, Spain

The authors aim at presenting an original theoretically and empirically validated link between the co-sleeping practice within the family
and the acclaimed framework of Bowen-Family-System-Theory (BFST; Kerr & Bowen, 1988). Co-sleeping literature suggests that childsleep arrangements are influenced by factors including distancing parenting perceptions between the couple (Teti, Crosby, McDaniel,
Shimizu, & Whitesell, 2015) and the mothers' drive to satisfy their own unmet emotional and intimacy needs (Teti & Crosby, 2012).
Pressman and Imber report a very strong relationship between co-sleeping and the frequency of medication advice for the child's
disruptive behavior. They also report their confirmed finding of a very strong relationship between a co-sleeping child and child being
physically aggressive to a parent (2011). BFST is an essentially relational theory as, its core concept, the (un)differentiated personality
is gradually constructed within the familial relationship system. The differentiation process “is the most critical to mature development
and psychological health” (Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Skowron, & Jodar, 2015, p. 48). Lacks in the differentiation process are also attributed
to spousal relational distress which can direct one parent to overly involve with one child (Bowen, 1978). BFST radically shifts the focus
from the individual to the familial relational context with the intention of uncovering the hidden but ailing familial relational structure(Kerr & Bowen, 1988). Our preliminary research data coupled with real life and clinical observations suggest that co-sleeping can belinked both statistically and conceptually with BFST in a meaningful way through the systemic mechanism of triangulation. Finally,
implications for research and practice are discussed.
40142

13:30-14:00 | Keats Room (2F)

Collaboratively Co-Constructing Knowledge and Change Through Counseling Conversations: A New Model of
Psychotherapeutic InsightMichael Scott Eason, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

While insight has long been a topic of interest in the field of psychotherapy, much about both its process and its content remains
unclear. A recent consensus definition of the term provided some needed clarity but focused more on the “what” of insight than the“how.” The original research presented here expands the existing knowledge of both the content and the underlying process of insightin psychotherapy, with an emphasis on its collaborative co-construction through therapeutic dialogue. In alignment with a collaborative
postmodern framework, this study utilized a participatory research methodology in which my own counseling clients were invited to act as
co-researchers in examining a phenomenon (insight) co-produced during our therapy sessions. A sample size of eight clients participatedin the study, each with two interviews for a total of 16 transcripts. The qualitative data was interpreted through thematic analysis andnarrative processes coding system (NPCS). The findings suggest that insight is a collaborative product of the counseling conversation,
sometimes therapist initiated, sometimes client initiated, but always embedded in the dialogue between the two participants. The findings
also show that insight can occur during the process of client post-session reflection. Additionally, the work examines links between insightdevelopment in psychotherapy dialogue and the Transtheoretical Stages of Change Model (TTM). Both clinical implications for therapists
and theoretical contributions are identified and discussed. A collaborative-dialogic model of psychotherapeutic insight that captures its
narrative and intersubjective nature is developed and elaborated along with an updated definition of psychotherapeutic insight.
42310

14:00-14:30 | Keats Room (2F)

Does Tapping Help Talking? The Effect of Simple Motor Movement on Action Word Recall
Zubaida Shebani, United Arab Emirates University, UAE
Friedemann Pulvermuller, The Free University of Berlin, Germany

Recent behavioural and neuropsychological studies suggest a close relationship between the brain systems for language and action.
A number of investigations have shown facilitation and inhibition effects in motor systems activity on language processing. These
effects have also been reported in the reverse direction, from language processes on motor performance. However, there has been someinconsistency in recent studies and it is not fully clear what influences the sign of the effect (facilitation or interference) of motor-language
interaction. In a previous study, we reported an impairment of working memory for action-related words brought about by complex
movements of the hands and feet. In this study, we seek to determine whether performing simple motor movements (finger and foottapping) can change the sign from interference to facilitation so that motor movement enhances, rather than impairs, working memory
for action-related words. Our current findings show that the sign of the effect of motor movement on action word memory can indeed bereversed from interference to facilitation. When engaged in finger tapping, subjects were able to remember relatively more arm-related
action words (as compared to control conditions), thus documenting an enhancement of working memory brought about by simple hand
movements. By manipulating the sign of the effect in accord with theory-driven predictions, these findings provide support for common
neural bases for motor movement and verbal working memory for action-related words and strengthen the argument that motor systems
play a causal and functionally relevant role in action language processing.

48 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFOR13:00-14:30 | Wordsworth Room (2F)

Wednesday Session II

Industrial Organization and Organization Theory
Session Chair: Hong-Yi Kuo
42212

13:00-13:30 | Wordsworth Room (2F)

Unbreakable Obedience of Safety Regulation: The Study of Authoritarian Leadership and Safety PerformanceHong-Yi Kuo, National Cheng-Chi University, Taiwan

Leadership is a key factor of improving workplace safety, and there have been abundant of studies which support the positive effects
of appropriate leadership on employee safety performance in western academia. However, little safety research focus on the Chinese
leadership style like paternalistic leadership. To fill this gap, the recent study aims to examine the relationship between authoritarianleadership (one of the ternary mode in paternalistic leadership) and safety outcomes. This study makes hypothesis on different levels.
First, on the group level, as an authoritarian leader regards safety value as the most important tasks, there would be positive effect ongroup safety outcomes through strengthening safety group norms by the emphasis on etiquette. Second, on the cross level, when aleader with an authoritarian style has high priority on safety, employees may more obey the safety rules because of fear due to emphasison absolute authority from the leader. Therefore, employees may show more safety performance and then increase individual safety
outcomes. Survey data would be collected from 50 manufacturing groups (each group with more than 5 members and a leader) and ahierarchical linear modeling analysis would be conducted to analyze the hypothesis. Given the predictive result, the study expects to be acornerstone of safety leadership research in Chinese academia and practice.
40982

13:30-14:00 | Wordsworth Room (2F)The Research of Leaders' Skills, Organizational Transformation, Coping Strategies of Financial Crisis, Corporate
Social Responsibility, Organizational Well-Being on Organizational Competitiveness
Chingchiu Wei, National Chengchi University, Taiwan
Yueloong Chang, National Chengchi University, Taiwan

This study was based on Sternberg's WICS leadership model and used questionnaires to collect data, with verification of validity
and reliability, total 567 samples from different industries. The regression analysis results showed, the variance of organizational
competitiveness (OC) predicted by, in order of organizational transformation (OT), corporate social responsibility (CSR), organizational
well-being (OWB), coping strategies of financial crisis (CSFC), leaders' skill (LS), etc. (R² = .808). Further, the impact of OT subscale
on OC variance, in order of mental model, organizational learning, organizational leadership, and strategic vision, etc. (R² = .714); theimpact of CSR subscale on OC variance, in order of legal responsibilities, economic responsibilities, philanthropic responsibilities, andethical responsibilities, etc. (R² = .711); the impact of OWB subscale on OC variance, in order of interpersonal support, learning anddevelopment, compensation and benefit, job and environment, etc. (R² = .686); the impact of CSFC subscale on OC variance, in order ofbuild health constitution, core technology, cost value, and strategic alliance, etc. (R² = .613); the impact of LS subscale on OC variance,in order of leaders' wisdom, leaders' creativity, leaders' practical intelligence, and leaders' analytic intelligence, etc. (R² = .551). Overall,the contribution of this study is the strongest and most significant impact factors of OC, are OT, CSR, OWB, CSFC, LS, accordingly. The
results are worth brings much attention for government and entrepreneurs. Finally, the value of this study will be included “integration andinnovation of theories” and “practical applications of organization”.
41633

14:00-14:30 | Wordsworth Room (2F)The Research of Leaders' Skills, Organizational Transformation, Coping Strategies of Financial Crisis, Corporate
Social Responsibility, Organizational Well-Being on Organizational Performance
Chingchiu Wei, National Chengchi University, Taiwan
Yueloong Chang, National Chengchi University, Taiwan

This study was based on Sternberg's WICS leadership skill model and used questionnaires to collect data, with verification of validity andreliability, total 567 samples from different industries. The regression analysis results showed, the variance of organizational performance(OP) predicted by, in order of organizational transformation (OT), corporate social responsibility (CSR), organizational well-being (OWB),
coping strategies of financial crisis (CSFC), leaders' skill (LS), etc. (R² = .573). Further, the impact of OT subscale on OP variance, in orderof mental model, strategic vision, and organizational leadership, etc. (R²= .537); the impact of CSR subscale on OP variance, in order of
economic responsibilities, legal responsibilities, philanthropic responsibilities, and ethical responsibilities, etc. (R² = .497); the impact of
OWB subscale on OP variance, in order of interpersonal support, learning and development, compensation and benefit, etc. (R² = .434);
the impact of CSFC subscale on OP variance, in order of build health constitution, blue ocean strategy, and cost value, etc. (R² = .434); theimpact of LS subscale on OP variance, in order of leaders' wisdom, leaders' practical intelligence, and leaders' analytic intelligence, etc.
(R² = .419). Overall, the contribution of this study is that the strongest and most significant impact factors of OP, are OT, CSR, OWB, CSFC,
LS, accordingly. The findings are worth that brings much attention for government and entrepreneurs. Finally, the value of this study will
be included “integration and innovation of theories” and “practical applications of organization”.

#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 49

14:45-16:45 | Shelley Room (2F)

Wednesday Session III
Philosophy – Philosophy and Religion
Session Chair: Elvin Lim
41360

14:45-15:15 | Shelley Room (2F)

What is the World if There is no Self: Examining Social Dichotomies Through a Framework of Non-Self
Chandni Girija, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, India

The world is currently witnessing an upsurge in the dialectics between social groups. While right-wing governments have come to power, liberaland subaltern discourse is vehemently asserting the need for dismantling oppressive structures. Through an analytical framework of anatta,
the Buddhist precept of non-self, this paper forays to explore the possibility of comprehending human existence beyond the framework ofsocial dichotomies such as religion, race and caste. It hypotheses that any discourse, equalising or oppressive, does not lead to full liberation,for individuals as well as groups, if it is incarcerated within the very grammar of oppressive binaries. Anatta denotes that any conditioned entity
has no permanent existence but attains the illusion of the same due a sequential series of arising and subsiding. Challenging the positivist
paradigm that holds empirical data as the only source of knowledge, this paper, undertaking a Buddhist methodology, derives its observations
and conclusions from a critical reading of the relevant sections of the Pali canon, commentaries and academic literature from philosophy andsocial sciences and research from neuroscience and social psychology. This paper affirms the need to examine anatta as a philosophicaland practical tool that may have potential to end the centuries-old cycle of physical domination and mental enslavement caused by social
dichotomies. It ushers a new perspective in the understanding of religion, social theory and the discourse on and practice of social equality.
41769

15:15-15:45 | Shelley Room (2F)Can Science and Religion Ever Have Anything in Common?
Julie Smith, Evenstone Publishing, USA

The Age of Information, evolution and materialism have created an understanding about our world, which some believe has pitted Sciencesquarely against the things of faith. But new scientific discoveries and the reinterpretation of existing phenomena by some scientists haveupended traditional views on both sides of the argument. This is due to the discovery of a possible “informational nature” to our world.
Prominent scientists and philosophers such as Max Tegmark (MIT), Nick Bostrom (Oxford University) Brian Green (Columbia) and James
Gates (University of Maryland) just to name a few, have written and spoken about such findings, causing consternation all around. Indeed, Dr
Bostrom even imagines a future devoid of humanity. What does all this mean? Such findings completely change the discussion about Scienceand Religion and the dialogue between them. This presentation explores these changes and the evidence responsible for this astonishingreinterpretation of the nature of reality. The implications for our identity as human beings are enormous and are explored in this talk.
41294

15:45-16:15 | Shelley Room (2F)

Checks and Balances in American Constitutionalism
Elvin Lim, Singapore Management University, Singapore

The doctrine of checks and balances is conventionally understood as a composite doctrine of liberal democratic constitutionalism; andmore about checking than balancing, limiting rather than enhancing government. This article first distinguishes checks from balances
to argue that there are conceptual distinctions between the two, and that the framers of the United States Constitution were as muchconcerned about balancing as they were about checking than has been appreciated. Second, although checks and balances is usuallyassociated with the separation of powers theory, this article also argues that it is central to understanding the new federalism, or thevertical dimension of checks and balances. While Publius' synthesis of checks with balances to justify the new separationism wascreative on the horizontal plane of the Constitution, what was truly original in The Federalist was the creation of a "mixed government" thatwould feature both federal and national elements on the vertical plane of the Constitution. It was doubly important, therefore, for Publius
to synthesize checking and balancing so that a new balance could be found not only between the branches of the federal government,
but also between the national government and the state legislatures; yielding a novel republic that the world up until then had not seen.
41882

16:15-16:45 | Shelley Room (2F)

Perception of Islamic Scholars Towards Women's Political Empowerment in Pashtun's Society
Muhammad Kaleem, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Pakistan
Waqar Ali, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Pakistan

The present study aims to provide an in-depth insight into the perception of Islamic religious scholars regarding women politicalempowerment in Pashtun’s society that ultimately plays a big role in shaping the public opinion on grass root level that either encourages orbars women from participating in political affairs. Being an important agent of public opinion not only in religious affairs but social issues as
well, beliefs and opinions of Islamic scholars are powerful voices in shaping the narratives in society pertaining to women emancipation in
the largely conservative, patriarchal and comparatively religious Pashtun society particularly the rural areas. The study was qualitative withdata collected through in-depth interviews from respondents selected on quota sampling technique in the absence of a sampling frame.
Data was collected from 30 respondents including 15 Deobandis , 5 Islamic studies lecturers and professors, 10 Barelvis , 2 Shiites and 3
Ahle Hadith ulema via semi-structured in-depth interviews including 5 female ulema to represent the major sects of Islam in the region. It
was found that Ahle Hadith and Deobandis were comparatively more conservative while academicians and Shiites were the most progressive
group of the sample regarding female political empowerment. It was revealed that this is a sensitive subject with no clear consensus. The
most conservative Ulema who opposed women participation in politics cited the example of Shura consisting of only males to decide theRashidun Caliphs where as the most progressive of them cited examples of equality derived from the Koran and the leadership of Aisha(the widow of Prophet Muhammad) who were rebellious against Caliph Ali. There was considerable diversity of views as well as levels oftolerance and support for women’s political empowerment. While most scholars accepted the political rights of women in principle, somecontested this by citing other negative social consequences of women participation in the current political set up; others thought of women
emancipation as necessary for the progress of the community, society, country and humanity. Purdah was an important re-occurring theme.
Urban-rural and academia-jamia dichotomies were apparent with the latter two being more conservative.

50 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFOR

14:45-16:15 | Keats Room (2F)

Wednesday Session III
Mental Health
Session Chair: Nevfel Boz
42141

14:45-15:15 | Keats Room (2F)

Relationships Among Mindfulness, Suppression-Emotion Regulation, Reappraisal-Emotion Regulation, andPsychological Well-Being of the Thais
Somboon Jarukasemthawee, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
Kullaya Pisitsungkagarn, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
Jireerat Sittiwong, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand

Recently, psychologists have conducted extensive research on positive psychology to determine how to best define well-being and alife well-lived. One such attempt was to identify psychological ingredients that contribute to psychological well-being. Such attempts
remained very limited in Thailand, however. This research study hence aimed to establish relationships among psychological well-being,
mindfulness, cognitive reappraisal, and emotional suppression. Data were collected in 200 Thai individuals, aged 18 – 58 years. Theirmean age was 32.98 (SD= 9.40). Participants responded to relevant measures online. Correlation Analyses and Multiple Regression
Analyses were conducted. Findings suggested that mindfulness, and cognitive reappraisals were positively correlated with psychologicalwell-being, whereas emotional suppression was negatively correlated with psychological well-being. Findings also revealed that, alltogether, mindfulness, cognitive reappraisal, and emotional suppression significantly predicted psychological well-being (51.10%, p <.001). Findings were discussed in terms of research contribution and therapeutic intervention to enhance psychological well-being.
42320

15:15-15:45 | Keats Room (2F)

Relationships Among Rumination, Mindfulness, Acceptance and Depression in Thai University Students
Panu Sahassanon, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
Somboon Jarukasemthawee, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
Kullaya Pisitsungkagarn, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand

In Thailand, depression and suicide attempts have been increasingly reported in undergraduates. Their causes are indicated, for example,
as interpersonal problems, stress from study and intrapersonal thinking styles. However, there are some protective factors which areworth consideration. The current study, hence, aimed to explore the relationships that rumination, mindfulness and acceptance hadwith depression. Data were collected in two hundred and twenty five undergraduates who responded to four relevant questionnaires.
Data obtained were subsequently analyzed using multiple regression analyses. Results indicated that all of these variables significantly
predicted depression with the overall model fit (R2) being 0.34. Rumination was significantly associated with depression (B = .142, p <.05)
and other protective factors, mindfulness and acceptance, were also significant (B = -.195, p <.05; B = .397, p <.001, respectively)
41615

15:45-16:15 | Keats Room (2F)

Grief Processes in Transition: The Case of Iranian Diaspora on the Move
Nevfel Boz, Social Sciences University of Ankara, Turkey
Zehra Ersahin, Social Sciences University of Ankara, Turkey

Aim: Much of the literature on migrant mental health focuses on anxiety, trauma and loss. But there is hardly any research on how change
affects complicated grief within conflict-affected and displaced populations. The grief response that comes with loss of home, social andsecurity can manifest as emotional, and psychological symptoms, dependent on the residency status a migrant gains, and age and family
dynamics they need to organize and maintain. In this light, current research aims to compare how displacement and conflict impact onstages of mourning and its relevant dynamics in a relatively less investigated community of people. Methodology: From Iranian migrants
in Turkey and the United States, a sample of 600 participants is drawn. Culturally adapted measures of complicated grief, living difficulties
and adaptation are being administered. Discussion: Iranian refugees in Turkey experience a number of psychological difficulties besides
financial and physical challenges. We identified a major issue of complicated grief, which encompasses depression and loss (of identity,
resources, routine, comfort zone and social network). When compared to Iranian diaspora in United States, we expect status of residency
to mediate such outcomes, having an impact on grief processes. The dynamics of these processes have an impact on the felt sense of
belongingness, reconciling with the past and re-connecting with their losses while embarking on a new life. The findings of the current
work have important implications in addressing the complexity of mental health challenges of refugees, to help others survive and thrive.

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14:45-16:15 | Wordsworth Room (2F)

Wednesday Session III

Qualitative/Quantitative Research in any other area of Psychology
Session Chair: Bushra Hassan
41265

14:45-15:15 | Wordsworth Room (2F)

A Study of the Need of Peer Group Supervision for Psychologists Working in a University in Taiwan
Kuo-Chang Huang, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan

When psychologists are facing crisis cases, they will look for individual supervision. Sometimes, the institutions also provides groupsupervision. However, the quality and the quantity of this supervision is far below their practical needs and cause some of the following
problems: stagnation of self-development, insufficient professional growth, inability to handle crisis cases, and financial problems. In
order to understand the needs of peer group supervision for psychologists working in the university in Taiwan, the researcher used a
semi-structured technique to interview six counseling and clinical psychologists working in university counseling centers. This research
is divided into three dimensions; case intervention, professional development, and self-growth. The major findings are as follows: firstly,
the diversity of the professional backgrounds broaden the thinking points of view, and the years of experiences did help the younger
colleagues to handle administrative communication. However, personal traits might be the barrier that need taking care of. Secondly,
some psychologists want to learn some of the latest theories and techniques though these peer study groups, but the others just wantcase studies to ensure that they did not do anything wrong in the counseling room. Thirdly, although some psychologists are unwillingto share personal issues in these groups, all of them are willing to make time for the groups, no matter how busy they are. Finally, theresearcher also provides some useful suggestions about how to take care of the psychological need of these psychologists for the better
efficiency in clinical practice.
42121

15:15-15:45 | Wordsworth Room (2F)

Providing Transnational Eldercare: Exploring the Experiences of the Mexican Families Living in the U.S.
Iftekhar Amin, University of North Texas at Dallas, USA

In Mexico, elderly couples are increasingly living alone as a result of their children's migration to the United States. Little is known about
the transnational eldercare practices among Mexican families living in the USA. While there is a rich body of research on transnational
caregiving focusing on the migrant mothers and seasonal migrant workers, eldercare in transnational settings is relatively underresearched. The concept of “global care chains” has been used by some researchers to explore the nature and dynamics of transnationalcare, while others view transnational care more as “circulation of care,” as the modalities of care are multidirectional. The objective of
this study was to explore the nature of transnational eldercare provided by Mexican migrant female care workers living in the UnitedStates. Using a grounded theory approach, the transnational eldercare practices of nine Mexican migrant families living in the UnitedStates was analyzed. The narrated stories of the women reveal their concerted efforts to provide emotional care from distance. The
sending of remittances was the major form of care provided. The number of siblings back home and kin availability played importantroles in the intensity and arrangement of care provided by the migrant children. Although many were susceptible to constant worries andescalated stress for their elderly parents' well-being, most consider caregiving as a duty as well as a rewarding experience. The findings
contribute to a growing body of research highlighting the importance of supportive institutional policies to cater for the caregiving needsof transnational families.
41264

15:45-16:15 | Wordsworth Room (2F)

Mobile Identity Construction by Male and Female Students in Pakistan: On, in, and through the Phone
Bushra Hassan, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
Tim Unwin, Royal Holloway University London, UK

This study builds on focus group research in Pakistan about the symbolic value and use of mobile phones by students in constructing theirself-representation on the phone, in the phone, and through the phone. In particular, this study identifies ways through which Pakistanipeople, and youths in particular, use mobile devices to formulate aspects of their wider identities. In total, 41 young people (14 women;
27 men) participated in two female and three male focus groups. A phenomenologically focused thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006)
approach was used to analyse the transcripts. This study has illustrated the complexity and diversity of ways in which young Pakistanis
use mobile phones, both for symbolizing and for constructing their identities. A striking conclusion is the difference between how men andwomen use their phones, and we provide accounts of the harassment and bullying of women through their mobiles. Women were foundto be more constrained than men in Pakistan in how they express aspects of their identity through digital devices, which has important
ramifications for the contemporary challenges women face at the cultural and societal levels. The insights gained through these projects
are being shared with the beneficiaries and stakeholder to ensure safer use of ICTs for men as well as women at technological, social aswell as personal levels. We suggest a need exists for more detailed qualitative research in other developing countries to explore further
how culture influences, and is influenced by, mobile use.

52 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORVirtual
Presentations
Virtual presentations afford authors the opportunity to present their research to
IAFOR’s far-reaching and international online audience, without time restrictions,distractions or the need to travel. Presenters are invited to create a video of theirpresentation, which is then uploaded to the official IAFOR Vimeo channel and remains
online indefinitely. This is a valuable and impactful way of presenting in its own right,
but also an alternative means for those delegates who may be unable to travel to theconference due to financial or political restrictions.

www.vimeo.com/iafor#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 53

www.vimeo.com/iafor

Virtual Presentations
41236

Perceived Parental Control and Risk-Taking From a Machine Learning Approach
Catherine Chou, Southeast Missouri State University, USA
Elizabeth Pei Ting Chou, National Chengchi University, Taiwan
Cheng Hsian Lee, National Chengchi University, Taiwan

The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship of parental control and risk-taking among emerging adults. Specifically,
the study examined the differences between high risk-taking and normal college students in parental control, risk-taking, and risky
decision-making. Data were drawn from 538 college students by using an online survey. The measurements included demographic
questions, parental control, risk tolerance, risk self-schema, and risk-taking. Two unsupervised learning methods, including data cloud
geometry tree (DCG-tree) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering tree (HC-tree), were used to get clusters of participants based on thepattern of their responses on risky decision-making. Next, post hoc tests were conducted to examine the differences between the potential
high risk-taking group and normal group. Among the participants, 46 students showed a special pattern in their responses and clusteredinto a group as potential high risk-takers. Compared to the normal group, the potential high risk-takers were more likely to engage in risktaking behaviors (e.g., risky driving, smoking) and reported higher parental behavioral control and psychological control. In addition, thet-tests indicated that the high risk-takers could tolerate more risks and were more likely to have a self-schema of being a risk-taker inthe decision-making process. The study suggests that parental control plays an important role in risk-taking among emerging adults. In
addition, using machine learning approach can help identify the potential high risk-takers, who show distinctive characteristics that are
different from the normal emerging adults and can be included as target in future intervention programs.
42330

The Neuropsychological Impact of Technology: Changes in Brain Structure and Function
Donna L. Roberts, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, USA

In the 2008 article, “Is Google Making Us Stupid? – What the Internet is doing to our brains”, Nicholas Carr claimed that the ubiquitoususe of the internet was altering our brains and cognitive processes. Since then, researchers have explored various nuances of this claim,
sparking an ongoing scientific and popular debate surrounding our deepening dependence on technology. While most agree that theplethora of emerging technology has resulted in changing how we process information, researchers disagree on both the extent of thiseffect, and the consequences of its impact. This exploratory research examines the literature supporting the differing views in the ongoingdebate – from neuroscience to educational psychology – in an attempt to answer the questions, Is technology really changing ourbrains? And, if so, is this change for better or worse? Some researchers argue that increased use of technology has resulted in positiveeffects, including, becoming adept at discriminating facts more accurately, making decisions more quickly, exhibiting flexibility in problem
solving, and demonstrating heightened analytical skills. They maintain that unprecedented growth of technology, coupled with the ability
to access multiple sources of information, is rewiring our brains and making them more elastic. Conversely, other researchers argue thatthe intrusion of technology into virtually every aspect of our lives hinders contemplative thought, conversation, deep processing, andpatience, characteristic of previous generations. The real answer encompasses both views – depicting an adaptive change whereby
something is lost, but something is gained.
42332

The Psychology of Advertising: Conscious and Unconscious Determinants of Consumer Behavior
Donna L. Roberts, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, USA

In the competitive and cluttered environment of today's commercial marketplace, the average American is inundated with between
3000 and 5000 advertising messages per day in various forms, and yet, considers their effect inconsequential. Advertisers, however,understand the persuasive power their communications can have upon consumer behavior and thus attempt to make such a lasting
impression that their distinct message will positively influence the purchase decision. In the most direct and simplistic model, consumers
see a commercial or print ad that creates or modifies their perceptions of the brand and, as a result, they are more likely to purchasethe brand. However, a more likely, albeit less direct, conceptualization of the process posits that consumers absorb some impression
or interpretation from the ad, perhaps without conscious attention, which is then referenced, again perhaps even unconsciously, atthe time of purchase decision. Advertisers spend millions of dollars every day in order to persuade their targets to want, and then tobuy, their products and services by crafting persuasive messages that appeal to one's basic needs. While it is generally accepted thatthese advertising efforts influence consumer behavior, the specific mechanisms whereby this is achieved are complex and still not fully
understood. In an age fraught with economic uncertainty, skyrocketing consumer debt, materialism, unemployment and bankruptcy, abetter understanding of the determinants that influence consumer behavior can be considered an important factor in enhancing overall
psychological health and well-being.
42008

Radical Acceptance as a Pathway to Change
Nancy Billias, University of Saint Joseph, USA

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) was designed in the 1990s for the treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder, a mental illness
characterized by mood swings, unstable self-image, and impulsive behavior. Central to DBT is the belief that “reality is interrelated
and connected, made of opposing forces, and always changing.” DBT pivots on the concept of 'radical acceptance', wherein a clientis encouraged to accept herself as she is in the present moment without shame, and to accept responsibility for her actions without
either descending into catatonic dejection or lashing out at others in frantic attempts to preserve an ego-ideal. “Therapeutic change
can occur only in the context of acceptance of what is, and the act of acceptance itself is change.” Thus, the client develops a sense of
stable, authentic autonomy and agency, by strategies that require the maintenance of differing – even contradictory – points of view indynamic and creative tension. As the client becomes better able to accept, survive, and tolerate different perspectives, she finds freedom
from internal pressures and conflicts, and can thus achieve stability and growth in interpersonal relationships. How does this dialecticalprocess intersect with philosophical and religious inquiry, and the pursuit of peace?

54 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORConference
Highlights:
The Past 12
MonthsSince 2009, IAFOR has welcomed university presidents, faculty deans, journalists,
national politicians, government ministers, diplomats, charity leaders, think tankdirectors, company presidents, documentary photographers, movie directors,
members of the armed forces, actors, lawyers, doctors, jurists, artists, poets, writers,
clergy, scientists, philosophers...
Here are some highlights from the past twelve months, from our events in six cities, infive countries, and over three continents.

#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 55

Above: Dr Megumi Rosenberg of the World Health Organization (WHO) engages with the audience in a “Health Across the Lifecourse” plenary panelat the Asian Conferences on the Social Sciences (ACSS2018), Sustainability, Energy and the Environment (ACSEE2018), and Aging and Gerontology(AGen2018), while Hiroshi Ishida, Professor of Sociology, in the University of Tokyo, looks on. Held in June, under the umbrella theme of "Surviving
and Thriving”, Kobe is also home to the WHO Centre for Health Development, which although based in Japan, is fully part of the WHO’s headquarters
in Geneva. The panel was chaired by James W. McNally, Research Scientist at the University of Michigan.
Below left: Philip Sugai of Doshisha Business School, Japan, delivers a featured presentation titled “Towards a Universal Standard of Value throughBlockchain” in which he speaks of his work creating and testing a theoretical model for the application of blockchain technology to marketing
practice with the aim of deepening scholarly and practical knowledge of how value is created, measured and managed for customers, firms,
employees, partners, society and the planet. Below right: Lowell Sheppard, Asia Pacific Director of the HOPE International Development Agency,
delivers a featured presentation on “Surviving and Thriving”, drawing on his experience working in and writing about intensely dysfunctional
communities, the result of war, disaster and extreme poverty.
Bottom left: Professor William Baber of Kyoto University’s Graduate School of Management, Japan delivers a workshop presentation introducing
and review some general aspects of negotiating in professional contexts. Bottom right: Kathryn M. Lavender, a project manager at the National
Archive of Computerized Data on Aging (NACDA) at the University of Michigan engages with attendees of a featured data research workshop.

56 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORAbove: The Asian Conferences on Cultural Studies (ACCS2018) and Asian Studies (ACAS2018) were held concurrently under the theme "Fearful
Futures: Cultural Studies and the Question of Agency in the Twenty-First Century" at the Art Center of Kobe in May. Here Haruko Satoh chairs aplenary panel titled “Fearful Futures: Rescuing Asian Democracy”. Professor Satoh is professor at Osaka University’s School of International Public
Policy (OSIPP) where she lectures on Japan’s relations with Asia and identity in international relations, and co-director of the OSIPP-IAFOR ResearchCentre. The panelists from left to right are Colin Dürkop, Visiting Fellow at Kyoto University, Japan and formerly of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung(KAS); Pavin Chachavalpongpun, a leading Thai public intellectual, who is also associate professor at Kyoto University’s Center for Southeast AsianStudies; and Takuma Melber, coordinator of the Master’s programme Transcultural Studies Programme at The University of Heidelberg.
Below left: Helen Gilbert, Professor of Theatre at Royal Holloway, University of London, delivers a keynote on “Indigenous Resurgence andEnvironmental Justice on the Global Stage”. Below right: Vinay Lal is Professor of History and Asian American Studies at UCLA, and one of theworld’s foremost scholars of Indian history, historiography, and culture in India. In a wide-ranging lecture on “The Challenge of the Global South”
he highlighted what he termed the challenge of Bandung, which is to try to understand whether the Global South can mount an intellectual andsocio-cultural defence that would facilitate the conditions for an ecologically genuine survival of plurality. Bottom left: Poet and academic Tammy
Lai-Ming Ho of Hong Kong Baptist University answers questions following her keynote on “Poetic Resistance and Empowerment”, which looked at
how Western literature and culture are incorporated into the expression of a unique Hong Kong identity. Bottom right: Donald E. Hall, Dean of Lehigh
University’s College of Arts and Sciences, delivers a keynote presentation titled “The Cities We Fled”, discussing the city of his birth: Birmingham,
Alabama (USA), which encouraged the audiences to consider their own relationship with their own cities as sites of pleasure and pain.

#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 57

Above left: Professor Diane Hawley Nagatomo of Ochanomizu University, Japan, delivers the opening Keynote Presentation at The
Asian Conference on Language Learning (ACLL2018), held in Kobe, Japan. The conference theme was “Surviving and Thriving:
Education in Times of Change”, and Professor Nagatomo reflected this in her address exploring questions of gender, and personal
and professional identity among Western female English Language Teachers in Japan “Surviving and Thriving in the Gendered Watersof Japan: Ten Women’s Stories”. Above right: The second Keynote Speaker was Professor Bonny Norton of the University of British
Columbia, Canada, who joined the conference by video link, and also tackled questions of identity in her insightful Keynote Presentation
on “Identity and Language Learning in an Unequal Digital World”.
Below left: Professor Ken Urano of Hokkai-Gakuen University, Japan, listens to questions following his Featured Presentation at
ACLL2018, titled “Task-Based Language Teaching in an English for Business Purposes Program”. Below right: Professor Emerita Judy
Noguchi delivers a Featured Presentation on English for Specific Purposes (ESP) entitled “A New Paradigm for English Language
Teaching in Asian Contexts”. A Professor Emerita of Kobe Gakuin University, Judy Noguchi served as the first Dean of its Faculty of
Global Communication. She served as Vice-President of JACET (The Japan Association of College English Teachers) from 2015 to 2017and as President of JACET Kansai Chapter from 2010 to 2015.

58 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORAbove left: Professor Umberto Ansaldo, Chair of the School of Humanities at The University of Hong Kong, delivers a wide-ranging
keynote that looked at controversial questions of language preservation and conservation in “Heritage in Language?”, as part of aplenary panel on Language and Heritage. The panel explored issues surrounding the role of heritage languages in contemporary society
and education, both from theoretical perspectives as well as practical solutions. Above right: Dr Lisa Lim, Head of the Departmentof English and at the University of Hong Kong and a noted scholar on the sociolinguistics of globalisation, delivered a keynote on“Heritage in Language: Nurturing Collective, Socially Relevant and Transformative Research in Education”. Here she is pictured in an
exchange during the moderated panel which followed both presentations.
Below left: Professor Steve Cornwell IAFOR President, also Vice-President of Osaka Jogakuin University, Japan, takes part in a Featured
Panel Presentation on “Language Learning in a Time of Complexity and Change” at ACLL2018, which asked and encouraged delegatesto reflect and draw on their own experiences in language learning education. Below centre: Professor Ted O’Neill of Gakushuin
University, Japan, and an IAFOR Vice-President, speaks as part of the same panel on his experience helping to found a new faculty at
the university. Below right: Professor Jo Mynard, Director of the Self-Access Learning Centre (SALC) at Kanda University of International
Studies (KUIS) in Japan in a light-hearted moment engaging with a member of the audience in the same panel.

#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 59

Above left: Professor Eun Kyung Min of Seoul National University, South Korea delivers a Keynote Presentation entitled “TheProspect ... towards the East”: Reorienting Eighteenth-Century British Literature”. Her research interests include Enlightenment
ethics and aesthetics, the history of literary canon formation, and early modern cultural history; she is also interested in Asian
literature in English, Asian American Literature, and Asian cultural production in general. Her keynote was delivered as a part of The
Asian Conference of Arts and Humanities (ACAH2018), where the conference theme was "Recentering: Asian Spaces, Cultures andIdeas in the 21st Century". Above centre: Professor Li Ou of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong responds to a question
following her Keynote Presentation entitled “British Romanticism in China: Received, Revised, and Resurrected”. Li Ou is Associate
Professor at Department of English, the Chinese University of Hong Kong. Professor Ou’s research interests include Romantic poetry
and cultural/literary relations between China and Britain. Above right: Professor Georges Depeyrot of the Ecole Normale Superieure,
Paris, and Director of the IAFOR Silk Road Initiative, introduces the scope of the programme to delegates at ACAH2018. Professor
Depeyrot is a monetary historian and Board Member of the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), France. He is
the author or co-author of more than one hundred volumes, and is the founding director of the Moneta publishing house, the mostimportant collection of books on the topic of money. Professor Depeyrot is a member of the board of trustees of the Centre Nationalde Recherche Scientifique.
Below left: Dr Yutaka Mino of the Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art, Japan delivers a Keynote Presentation on The Ceramic Road
as part of the IAFOR Silk Road Initiative at ACAH2018. Dr Mino is the Director of the Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art, where theconference plenary session was held, and one of Japan’s leading museum curators, as well as a Chinese ceramic and art historianof international renown. Below right: Dr Shoso Shimbo is a leading exponent of Ikebana, the Japanese art of flower arrangement. Dr
Shimbo was selected by Belle magazine as one of six “Australia’s top floral designers” and has won multiple awards including theGold Award at the Melbourne International Flower & Garden Show. He is a director of the International Society of Ikebana Studies andhe teaches “Japanese Aesthetics: From Ikebana to Contemporary Art” at RMIT. Here he is seen with his beautiful creation, following
a demonstration at the ACAH Welcome Reception.

60 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORAbove: The 2018 ACAH Conference in Kobe hosted a series of IAFOR Silk Road Initiative associated presentations on the conference
theme of "Recentering: Asian Spaces, Cultures and Ideas in the 21st Century", using this as the lense through which researchers
associated with the Initiative discussed a range of topics, covering art and culture, as well as history, politics, and international relations,and a special symposium was organised with the cooperatIon of Kobe University and the Nara National Museum, both of whichorganisations IAFOR will work on a planned Silk Road Conference in 2019. Pictured here after the presentations (from left to right)
are Dr Sakae Naito, Chief Curator of the Nara National Museum and expert on Buddhist art; Kiyomitsu Yui, Professor of Sociology andExecutive Director of the Centre for EU Academic Collaboration at Kobe University; Professor Hiroko Masumoto, Dean of the Graduate
School of Humanities of Kobe University; Professor Noriyuki Inoue, Vice-President of Kobe University, and Professor Georges Depeyrot,
Director of the IAFOR Silk Road Initiative. For more information about the IAFOR Silk Road Initiative, please visit www.silkroad.iafor.org.
Below left: Professor Ka-ho Joshua Mok listens to a response to his Keynote Presentation on “The Quest for World-class University
Status: The Role of Liberal Arts University Nurturing Leaders for Uncertain Futures”. Professor Mok is the Vice-President and concurrently
Lam Man Tsan Chair Professor of Comparative Policy of Lingnan University, Hong Kong, and one of the world’s leading scholars ininternational higher education research. His recent published works have focused on comparative social development and social policy
responses in the Greater China region and East Asia. He is also the founding Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Asian Public Policy (London:
Routledge) and Asian Education and Development Studies (Emerald) as well as a Book Series Editor for Routledge and Springer. Below
middle: Dr Xu Di of the University of Hawai’i at Manoa, USA discusses issues of education and ethics as part of a plenary panel entitled“The Challenge to Survive and Thrive in the 21st Global Learning Space/Community: Technology and Ethics”. Xu Di is an educational
philosopher and professor in the department of Education Foundations, at the College of Education in the University of Hawai’i-Mānoa
whose research focuses on bridging Eastern and Western philosophy for educational practices. Below right: Professor Curtis Ho delivers
a presentation as part of the same panel. Professor Ho is Department Chair and Graduate Chair of the Learning Design and Technology
department at the University of Hawai’i at Manoa, who is a noted expert in educational media research, interactive multimedia, web-based
instruction, distance education, video technology, and computer-based education.

#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 61

Above left: Professor Dexter Da Silva, Professor of Educational Psychology at Keisen University in Tokyo, delivers a presentationas part of the Featured Panel entitled “Psychological Literacy: The Most Important Literacy for the 21st Century”, at the jointly held
Asian Conference on Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences, and the Asian Conference on Ethics, Religion & Philosophy in Kobe.
Dr Da Silva He has taught EFL at junior high school, language schools and universities in Sydney, Australia, and for more than two
decades has been living and teaching at the tertiary level in Japan. Above right: Professor Ronald Mellado Miller of Brigham Young
University, Hawaii, fields questions during the same panel. An academic psychologist, Dr Miller’s main interests are in the areas ofapplied statistical analysis and predictive modelling. He has led research in Tonga, Fiji, and Samoa, working with governments andNGOs to improve educational and other social outcomes.
Below left: Dr James W. McNally of the University of Michigan, USA and the NACDA Program on Aging, in a lighter moment during
his Featured Presentation on a serious topic; “Patterns of Depression Among Elderly Asian Immigrants to the United States Overthe Past Decade”. Dr McNally is the Director of the NACDA Program on Aging, a data archive containing over 1,500 studies related
to health and the aging lifecourse. He has worked extensively on issues related to international aging and changing perspectives on
the role of family support in the later stages of the aging lifecourse. A Vice-President of IAFOR, he is the Chair of the Social Sciences& Sustainability division of the International Academic Advisory Board. Below right: Professor Frank S. Ravitch of Michigan State
University College of Law, USA, is a constitutional lawyer with an international reputation who works across the fields of ethics,
religion and law. He has authored several books, including Freedom’s Edge: Religious Freedom, Sexual Freedom, and the Future ofAmerica (Cambridge University Press, 2016); Marketing Creation: The Law and Intelligent Design (Cambridge University Press 2012),
and Masters of Illusion: The Supreme Court and the Religion Clauses (NYU Press 2007), as well as amicus briefs to the U.S. Supreme
Court. Here he delivers a wide-ranging, timely and powerful Keynote Presentation entitled “Law, Religion and Authoritarianism: From
State Shinto to Religio-Trumpism”, in which he draws some uncomfortable parallels between the present political situation in the
USA with darker moments in Japan’s past.

62 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORDubai’s Festival City again hosted The IAFOR International Conferences on Education and Language Learning (IICEDubai and
IICLLDubai), and attracted delegates from across the region as well as further afield as research and presentations focussed
on the conference theme of Surviving and Thriving: Education in Times of Change. Both research focussed and more practicalpresentations and workshops were organised over the three days of the conference, and included presentations by representativesof the UAE Ministry of Education.
Above left: Dr Christine Coombe of Dubai Men's College, UAE, responds to questions following her Keynote Address entitledClassroom Management: Empirical and Practical Perspectives. Dr Coombe is a widely published academic, a past presidentof TESOL International and sits on the IAFOR International Academic Advisory Board. Above right: Dr Deena Boraie delivers
a Keynote Address, “Exploring English Language Education in the MENA Region Now and in the Future”, in which she drew onher experiences in Egypt. Dr Boraie is dean and professor of practice at the School of Continuing Education at The American
University in Cairo.
Below left: Dr Martin Spraggon of the Mohammed Bin Rashid School of Government expands on the local context, giving an
overview of educational policy, in his Featured Presentation on “Key Trends, Challenges and Opportunities in the Field of Higher
Education in the UAE”.Below right: Dr Sufian Abu-Rmaileh of the UAE University listens to delegates giving feedback after his
engaging presentation entitled “Using Critical Thinking Techniques in the Classroom”. Dr Abu-Rmaileh is a past president of
TESOL Arabia.
Bottom left: Professor Mustafa Hashim Taha of the American University of Sharjah, UAE, examined entertainment education with
an emphasis on the role of theatre in promoting political reconciliation in post-apartheid South Africa in his thought-provoking andwide ranging Keynote Presentation. Bottom right: Dr Virginia Bodolica of the American University of Sharjah, UAE delivers a Featured
Presentation that addressed the wider conference theme of Surviving and Thriving in Times of Change with her featured address on“In the Era of Disruptive Transformations: Embracing the Imperative of Dynamic Adaptation to the Evolving World of Work”.

#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 63

Some 250 scholars and educators from more than 40 countries came together for the IAFOR International Conferences on Education(IICEHawaii2018), and Sustainability, Energy and the Environment (IICSEEHawaii2018) at the Hawaii International Convention Center in Honolulu,
Hawaii for an event held in partnership with the University of Hawaii at Manoa, and with the support of the East West Center, Brigham Young
University, and the World Bank.
Above left: Dr Joseph Haldane, Chairman and CEO of IAFOR chaired a plenary panel entitled “Educational Policy: Does the Democratisation of
Education in Educational Systems Fuel Economic and Social Inequality?”. Above right: Professor Xu Di and David P. Ericson, both renowned
educational philosophers based at the University of Hawai’i at Manoa, delivered addresses first, giving both the local context and then drawing
on examples from other countries, before Dr Haldane then opened the floor to questions and then a more general discussion of the topic.
Below left: Dr Xiaoyan Liang is a Lead Education Specialist in the World Bank, with a focus on educational development in Africa and East
Asia. Her wide ranging keynote, “Education in a Changing World: New Partnership and Changing Paradigm for Education Development”, wassponsored by the World Bank. Below right: Dr Andy Curtis of Anaheim University, USA, a language educator with an international reputation, andpast president of TESOL International, delivered a funny but stinging keynote entitled “‘Ignorance is Bliss’: The New Anti-Education Movement”,
that looked at educators navigating a world in which political leaders often boast of their ignorance, rather than education.

64 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORAbove left: Dr Failautusi ‘Tusi’ Avegalio is the director of the Pacific Business Center Program and the executive director of the Honolulu
Minority Business Enterprise Center at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa’s Shidler College of Business. Descended from a long line of
Samoan chiefs, Dr Tusi was raised in the coastal village of Leone in American Samoa before receiving university education in the UnitedStates, and becoming a professor. Here he delivers a keynote address that looks at the importance of respecting indigenous knowledge andwisdom in the context of modern educational systems. Above centre: Dr Sela V. Panapasa of the University of Michigan, USA, addresses the“Surviving and Thriving in Times of Change” theme of the conference in her excellent keynote address entitled, “Anticipating Educational
Needs That Ensure a Diverse, Equitable, and Inclusive Workforce for a Changing U.S. Population”. Dr Panapasa is a sociologist who wasborn in Fiji, and who has worked extensively throughout the Pacific Islands. Above right: Dr Sheri-Ann Daniels is the executive director of
Papa Ola Lōkahi, the Native Hawaiian health board, and chair of Nā Limahana o Lonopūhā, the Native Hawaiian Health Consortium. Hereshe delivers a keynote presentation entitled “Native Hawaiian Health: Opportunities to Develop A Healthy Leadership and Workforce”.
Below left: Dr Richard R. Vuylsteke is President of the East-West Center, a renowned and unique institution that promotes better relations
and understanding among the people and nations of the United States, Asia, and the Pacific through cooperative study, research, anddialogue. His wide ranging keynote address introduced some particular East-West Center approaches to education, including “place
utility,” “cross-cubed” programs, and social media umbrellas, and he asked delegates of the ways in which they might be able to implement
such approaches in their home institutions. Below right: Dr Hiagi M. Wesley, responds to questions following his keynote entitled “PacificIndigenous Perspectives vs Global Ways of Learning”, which dovetailed perfectly with Dr Avegalio’s address, and looked at the value ofindigenous ways of learning. A Rotuman by birth, Dr Wesley is Director of the Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Island Studies and Associate
Dean in the College of Arts and Humanities at Brigham Young University, Hawaii.

#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 65

The Asian Conference on Media, Communication and Film (MediAsia) 2017 was held in Kobe, Japan, with the conference theme of “History,
Story and Narrative”.
Above left: Multi-Emmy Award winning filmmaker, and former NBC television producer, Gary Swanson, opens the MediAsia 2017 conferencewith a hard-hitting keynote on “Fake News and the Attack on America’s Freedom of the Press”, in which he outlined the hostility of Donald
Trump and his administration toward the press, arguing that “the press is the enemy; nothing it says should be believed; and there is no role orneed for the press in American democracy”. Above right: Professor Virgil Hawkins of Osaka University’s School of International Public Policy(OSIPP) describes the Global News View (GNV) research centre, dedicated to working towards the realisation of an information environment
in which people can comprehensively and objectively view the world and the issues it faces, in the context of little or no information aboutcertain issues or geographic areas of the world, leading to a lack of care and attention about events in these places.
Below left: Professor Yoneo Ota of Osaka University of Arts, and founding director of Kyoto’s Toy Film Museum talks about the project tocollect and restore privately held toy films to reconstitute a historical record and archive, and reappraisal of their value in documenting
Japanese society. Below right: William Lindesay OBE is a renowned geographer, author and film-maker, celebrate inside and outside China
for his long and steady commitment to the study and preservation of the Great Wall(s) of China, despite his earliest efforts falling repeatedly
foul of the Chinese authorities. His keynote showed how diverse, personal, unconventional and “foreign” approaches have made significant
contributions to the surprisingly narrow, Sino-centric and limited corpus of Great Wall knowledge, as well as popular understanding.

66 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORAbove left: Professor Richard Roth of Northwestern’s Medill School of Journalism delivered a very personal keynote address on theyear of his retirement, looking at how he has tried throughout his career as a journalist and educator to mentor and nurture young talent
in an industry where it is said that there is no apprenticeship. His presentation talked about his own experience as a rookie reporter
coming of age in a foreboding American prison called Attica, one part of an American system that holds more than 2 million people
captive, more than in any other nation. Roth was one of two newspaper reporters inside the prison yard at Attica during the September
9-13 riots in 1971, serving on the Select Observers Committee, and his subsequent writing about Attica earned him a 1972 nomination
for the Pulitzer Prize. Above right: Dr Yutaka Mino, Director of the Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art (the conference venue), is one
of Japan’s most sought after museum directors, and among the country’s most prominent supporters of the public and educationalrole of art. In this keynote address he describes how an art museum can strategically write (or paint) itself into the history, story andnarrative of a city, or else consign itself to irrelevance.
Below: The Asian Conference on Media, Communication and Film (MediAsia) 2017 was held at the Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art
and attracted 125 delegates from 25 countries. Here delegates pose outside the Tadao Ando designed building, and in front of Kenji
Yanobe’s Sun Sister.
For more information about The Asian Conference on Media, Communication and Film (MediAsia) please visit www.mediasia.iafor.org.

#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 67

The Asian Conference on Education 2017 (ACE2017) saw more than 250 scholars from 38 countries come together in
Kobe, Japan to look at the theme of “Educating for Change” from a variety of interdisciplinary perspectives, cultural
backgrounds, and national contexts.
Above left: Dr Charles Allen Brown of Hokkaido University, Japan, in a lighter moment following his featured
presentation at ACE2017, which looked at, and questioned the hitherto unassailable position of the native speakerin language learning. Above right: Dr Paul Lai of Nagoya University’s academic writing center delivers a featured
address on how his pioneering center has helped research students and faculty develop clear and convincing ideas
in their research writing, thus improving publication chances and impact.
Below left: Dr Connie Guberman of The University of Toronto, listens to questions following her featured address on
an initiative using oral history as a means of educating for change by challenging traditional institutional structuresof knowledge creation. Below centre: Dr Jack Frawley of the University of Sydney’s National Centre for CulturalCompetence delivers a plenary address on leadership and intercultural studies. Below right: Dr Tzu-Bin Lin of the
National Taiwan Normal University explains how professional development and leadership programs are developing
on Taiwan to raise standards in secondary schools.

68 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFOROpposite Bottom: After an amazing taiko drum performance and interactive music workshop, delegates from aroundthe world mix with local students from AIE International High School's drum club.
Above left: Dr Joseph McClanahan of Creighton University (USA), and co-convenor of The Asian Undergraduate
Research Symposium (AURS) delivered a wide ranging featured address on how mentoring undergraduate students
provides tools for student success after graduation, and concentrating on the importance that educators continue
to adapt and develop new approaches that create equal opportunities for productive educational experiences for all
students. Above right: Dr Yvonne Masters of the University of New England, Australia, and AURS co-convenor, asks
the conference to consider two simple but fundamental questions when we talk about change in Education, “By
Whom?” and “For Whom?”.
Below: A group shot of delegates, taken in the Art Center Kobe venue, reflecting the diversity of attendees at The Asian
Conference on Education. The next ACE event will be held in Tokyo, Japan, from Saturday, October 13, 2018 ​to Monday,
October 15, 2018. For more information please visit www.ace.iafor.org.

#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 69

Above left: Dr Simon Sleight, Senior Lecturer in Australian History at King's College London delivers a Keynote Speech at The IAFOR
International Conference on the City 2017 (City2017) in Barcelona, addressing delegates on the topic of memory and the modern city. Dr
Sleight’s work explores the history of urban place-making, the evolution of youth cultures and the Australian presence in Britain. Aboveright: Internationally renowned constitutional lawyer and jurist Professor Adrien Katherine Wing gives a Keynote Presentation at The
IAFOR International Conference on Global Studies 2017 (Global2017) on the legal status of women of colour around the world undernational and international law. Professor Wing is the Associate Dean of International & Comparative Law Programs at the University of
Iowa College of Law, USA, and was involved in the drafting of the South Africa and Kosovo constitutions.
Below left: Multiple Academy Award winning documentary filmmaker, Mark Jonathan Harris, director of Breaking Point: The War for
Democracy in Ukraine, an Official Selection of the IAFOR Documentary Film Award 2016, responds to questions following his Featured
Presentation entitled “Breaking Point – Ukraine in the Era of Trump” at Global2017. Professor Harris is Distinguished Professor in the
School of Cinematic Arts at the University of Southern California, USA , where he heads the documentary program. Below right: MarkJonathan Harris's award-winning documentary, Breaking Point: The War for Democracy in Ukraine, was screened at City/Global2017 andwas followed by a Q&A with the Director.

70 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORAbove left: In a City2017 Featured Presentation, Gloria Montero, celebrated Spanish novelist, playwright and poet, offers her own insights into thecity of Barcelona, where she has made her home and where City2017 was held. Above centre: Professor Georges Depeyrot, monetary historianat the ENS (Paris) and Member of the Board of Trustees of the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), France, introduces the
IAFOR Silk Road Initiative in an information session at Global2017. Above right: In a Keynote Presentation entitled “Refuge: Refugee: Moonlightand Precarious Love” at Global2017, Professor Baden Offord of the Centre for Human Rights Education, Curtin University, Australia, discusses
the human condition in relation to people’s suffering around their sexuality with reference to the Academy Award winning film, Moonlight.
Below: An image from the series Single Mothers of Afghanistan by Canadian/Iranian photojournalist Kiana Hayeri, Grand Prize Winnerof the 2017 IAFOR Documentary Photography Award. Winners were announced at The European Conference on Media, Communication& Film 2017 (EuroMedia2017) in Brighton, UK. As an organisation, IAFOR’s mission is to promote international exchange, facilitate
intercultural awareness, encourage interdisciplinary discussion, and generate and share new knowledge. In keeping with this mission,
in appreciation of the great value of photography as a medium that can be shared across borders of language, culture and nation, and to
influence and inform our academic work and programmes, the IAFOR Documentary Photography Award was launched as a competition
that would help underline the importance of the organisation’s aims, and would promote and recognise best practice and excellence. In
support of up-and-coming talent, the IAFOR Documentary Photography Award is free to enter. For more information about the award,
please visit: www.iaforphotoaward.org.

#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 71

Above left: Dr Paul Lowe, Founding Judge of the IAFOR Documentary Photography Award, gives a Keynote Presentation on “Testimonies oflight: Photography, Witnessing and History” at The European Conference on Media, Communication & Film 2017 (EuroMedia2017). Dr Loweis an award-winning photojournalist who has covered breaking news around the world, including the fall of the Berlin Wall, Nelson Mandela’s
release, famine in Africa, the conflict in the former Yugoslavia and the destruction of Grozny. Above right: In a Featured Panel Presentation at
The European Conference on Arts & Humanities 2017 (ECAH2017) Professor Donald Hall, Dr Linda Schwarz and Professor Amanda Bright
discuss the challenges of doing research and creative activity in the arts and humanities today. Donald E. Hall is a Vice-President of IAFOR and
Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at Lehigh University; USA. Linda Schwarz is Dean of the Faculty of Arts & Science and Professor ofInterdisciplinary Studies at Ambrose University, Canada, and. Amanda Bright has been Head of the School of Art at the University of Brighton, UK.
Below left: At EuroMedia2017, Dr Rodney Hill of the Lawrence Herbert School of Communication at Hofstra University, USA, and Francis
Ford Coppola Archivist presents on the topic of “Mythologizing One’s Own History Through Narrative” by referencing Coppola’s Tetro”.
Below right: Dr Alfonso García Osuna, Editor of the IAFOR Journal of Arts & Humanities, delivered a Spotlight Presentation entitled “ReCreating the Past: Fascist Comics and the Rehabilitation of History”, at ECAH2017. Dr Osuna has taught at Hofstra University in New York,USA, for over thirty years.
Bottom: The Conference Welcome Reception provides a great opportunity for delegates to network and get to know each other.

72 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORAbove left: Keynote Speaker at The European Conference on the Social Sciences 2017 (ECSS2017) Dr Anke Schwittay discusses inclusive
innovation in international development. Dr Schwittay is Head of International Development at the University of Sussex in the UK, andSenior Lecturer in Anthropology and International Development at the School of Global Studies. Above right: Dr Georgios Tsakos, Reader
in the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health at University College London, UK, gives a Keynote Presentation on the topic of “Links
Between Oral and General Health: Putting the Mouth Back in the Body” at ECSS2017.
Below: In a Plenary Panel Presentation on sustaining the city at The European Conference on Sustainability, Energy & the Environment
2017 (ECSEE2017), Professor Anne Boddington, Duncan Baker-Brown and Cat Fletcher examine the rationale behind The Brighton Waste
House – Europe's first permanent public building made almost entirely from material thrown away or not wanted (shown bottom left).
Anne Boddington is Professor of Design Innovation and Dean of the College of Arts and Humanities, University of Brighton, UK, Duncan
Baker-Brown is an expert in contemporary methods of ecology-friendly building design, an architect and an academic, and Cat Fletcher isFounding Member, Elected National Representative and Head of Media for Freegle UK.
Bottom right: ECSS2017 Featured Speaker Professor Grant Black of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Tsukuba,
Japan, addresses conference delegates on the subject of “East Meets West: Innovation and Discovery in Education Reform at an Elite
Japanese University”. Professor Black is Vice-President (at large) of IAFOR.

#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 73

Submit your research to the

IAFOR Journal of Psychology& the Behavioral Sciences
The IAFOR Journal of Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences is an internationallyreviewed and editorially independent interdisciplinary journal associated with
IAFOR’s international conferences on psychology and the behavioral sciences.
The IAFOR Journal of Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences is an Open Access, peerreviewed, international and intercultural journal. All papers published in the journal
have been subjected to the rigorous and accepted processes of academic peer review.
The journal encourages interdisciplinary research, with the primary focus being on
psychology and behavioral sciences. Work that cuts across a variety of disciplines
and fields related to psychology and the behavioral sciences is encouraged. Original,
previously unpublished papers which are not under consideration for publicationin any other journal are welcomed. We also accept reworked versions of previously
published Conference Proceedings articles if the version submitted to the journal
is revised and differs from the previously published article by at least 30 percent.
All submitted articles must meet the submission guidelines. All papers are reviewed
equally according to standard peer review processes, regardless of whether or not
the authors have attended a related IAFOR conference.
The IAFOR Journal of Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences covers a variety of topics:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

General Psychology
Psychology and Education
Mental Health Issues
Human Development
Psychological Outreach Services & Community Development
Family Studies & Professional Practice
At-Risk Children, Youth & Families and Vulnerable Populations

Like all IAFOR publications, it is freely available to read online, and is free of publication
fees for authors. The first issue was published in December 2015, and the journal
aims to publish two issues annually.
We look forward to receiving your submissions. If you have any questions, please don’t
hesitate to contact the Editors, Dr Sharo Shafaie and Dr Deborah G. Wooldridge (ijpbs@
iafor.org), or the IAFOR Publications Team (publications@iafor.org). For more information
about the IAFOR Journal of Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences please visit:www.ijpbs.iafor.org
74 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP2018
ACP2018 / ECERP2018
ACERP2018 | #IAFORIAFOR Silk
Road Initiative
The IAFOR Silk Road Initiative encourages individuals and institutions working
across the world to support and undertake research centring on the contact
between countries and regions in Europe and Asia – from Gibraltar to Japan –and the maritime routes that went beyond, into the South-East Continent and thePhilippines, and later out into the Pacific Islands and the United States. The IAFOR
Silk Road Initiative is concerned with all aspects of this contact, and examines
both material and intellectual traces, as well as consequences.

www.silkroad.iafor.org#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 75

IAFOR Silk Road Initiative
As an organisation, IAFOR’s mission is to promote international exchange, facilitate interculturalawareness, encourage interdisciplinary discussion, and generate and share new knowledge. In 2018,
we are excited to launch a major new and ambitious international, intercultural and interdisciplinary
research initiative that uses the silk road trade routes as a lens through which to study some of theworld’s largest historical and contemporary geopolitical trends, shifts and exchanges.
IAFOR is headquartered in Japan, and the 2018 inauguration of this project aligns with the 150th
anniversary of the Meiji Restoration of 1868, when Japan opened its doors to the trade and ideas thatwould precipitate its rapid modernisation and its emergence as a global power. At a time when global
trends can seem unpredictable, and futures fearful, this Silk Road Initiative gives the opportunity torevisit the question of the impact of international relations from a long-term perspective.
This ambitious initiative will encourage individuals and institutions working across the world to encourage
research centring on the contact between countries and regions in Europe and Asia, from Gibraltar to
Japan, and the maritime routes that went beyond into the South-East Continent and the Philippines, andlater out into the Pacific Islands and the United States. The IAFOR Silk Road Initiative will concern all
aspects of this contact, and will examine both material and intellectual traces, as well as consequences.
A series of round tables on the IAFOR Silk Road Initiative were held in Japan, the UK and Spain in
2017, and the initiative will become a central aspect of a series of conferences, meetings, seminars
and workshops from 2018 in Asia, Europe and North America.

Rationale
The occidentalisation of history and the grand narrative of European and American progress has
consigned the Silk Road instead to historical quaintness, exotic literary caricature in the adventuresof Marco Polo, or the sort of esoteric academic investigations that receive little attention. This largely
ignores its huge historical and present-day importance and relevance to the routes and paths that
continue to connect humans through trade and exchange.
In a world of rankings, algorithms, unedited “news”, and self-referential “centres of excellence”, it is facile
to conclude that the centre and pinnacle of all knowledge is held by a few pockets of venture-capitalbacked open-plan offices in Silicon Valley, or schools and universities in which the cloistered architecture
does not even offer the pretence of openness. Globalisation, and the technology that has enabled it,
has allowed an immense flowering of possibilities in communication and access to knowledge, whileat the same time increasing alienation from self and society, encouraging “virtual” worlds, creating andcementing fissures, and encouraging fear of the foreign. It is only through encounters with difference
that we are able to shape ourselves and our ideas, and physical human interaction is and remains at thesource of all value. The international, intercultural and interdisciplinary meetings that lie at the heart of
IAFOR and this research initiative have never been more important in our globalised world.

Lead Institutions
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•
•
•
•
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The International Academic Forum (IAFOR), Japan
Osaka University, JapanThe IAFOR Research Centre (IRC), Japan
Belgrade University, Serbia
École Normale Supérieure (ENS), France
DAMIN, France
MONETA, France

If you wish to be informed of the latest news and developments, please subscribe to the mailing liston the IAFOR Silk Road Initiative website: www.silkroad.iafor.org

76 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORIAFOR Silk Road Initiative2018 Moscow Roundtable Report
The first IAFOR Silk Road Initiative roundtable of 2018 was held in Moscow on February 21, andin partnership with Moscow State University.
The event was hosted by the Moscow State University Institute of Asian and African Studies, andopened by the Director of the Institute, renowned scholar of politics and international relations,
Professor Igor I. Abylgaziev. Attended by a group of invited scholars from both universities in
Moscow and abroad, the Roundtable was organised with the kind support of the President of
the Faculty of Foreign Languages and Area Studies, Professor Svetlana Ter Minasova, and Dr
Elena Mishieva, Academic Secretary of the same faculty, and IAFOR Silk Road Initiative Project
Coordinator in Moscow.
The roundtable was co-chaired by Professor Georges Depeyrot of the École Normale Supérieure(ENS), Paris, and Board member of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS),
and Dr Joseph Haldane, Chairman and CEO of IAFOR, and took as its subject, “International
Academic Cooperation in Uncertain Times”. The topic was very timely, as this is a period of great
global political uncertainty.
Professor Svetlana Ter Minasova delivered the opening address, which set the scene by underliningthat most senior academics had effectively lived in two separate countries in succession; The
Soviet Union until 1991, and then Russia since that time. She described the Soviet times as the“Kingdom of Prohibitions”, where everything was governed by what could not be done, and by
what was prohibited, and there existed an insularity and isolationism, making relations withcountries outside the communist sphere difficult.
With the fall of the erstwhile “enemy” of the USSR, the new Russia became suddenly very
popular, as different Western companies, NGOs and universities, sought to quickly build relations
with the country, and money started to pour in as people sought to gain market position andinfluence. Although that created funding pools that had until that point been non-existent, it alsoushered in an era of inflation, and meant university lecturer wages were not enough to live on,
and obliged many to engage in supplementary private tuition, with academics being underpaid
and overworked. This has led to the familiar problem of a brain drain, and economic migration,
as Russian academics sought higher paid opportunities abroad. Although there have beenmarket reforms introduced, the state educations system remains slow and highly bureaucratic.
A presentation by Dr Lubov Kulik of the Faculty of Economics at Moscow State University spokeof the economics of education in a presentation that considered education as both a public good
and a commodity. [Report continued on the next page]#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 77

Recently, Russia has found itself more distanced from the west, as a result of, and resulting in,a context of increased authoritarianism and nationalism, and this has often made international
research collaborations more difficult, and has seen cuts in funding from such programs as
Erasmus +. For its part, the Russian funding bodies have continued to prioritise STEM subjects
over the liberal arts, following a policy that mirrors most other countries. In the non-scienceareas of study, funding is more often directed towards internationally and internally sensitive
issues that are often geared towards encouraging internal cohesion, nation building and so on,
and in areas such as geopolitics, minority languages and religions; not surprising given that
Russia is at once an old and a young country.
The intellectual life of the country is heavily weighted in Moscow and St Petersburg, although
there are attempts to ensure that other parts of the country are well funded, and there are wellrespected state universities elsewhere in the country, such as Novosibirsk and Vladivostok, aswell as satellite campuses in the former Soviet republics, where Russia maintains considerable
economic, cultural and linguistic influence.
The country also enjoys relations with many of the countries it now borders, and although theseare historically weighted both positively and negatively, reflect a continued strong regional andcultural influence, where there are also large minority ethnic Russian populations. China has
enjoyed a continued intellectual relationship with Russia, and there are frequent exchanges ofstudents and professors alike, and Russian enjoys continued popularity in China, while Chinese
is becoming a more popular language option. Professor Tatiana Dobrosklonskaya of Moscow
State University, and a Visiting Professor at Beijing International Studies University gavea presentation which looked at the relationship and an overview of educational and cultural
exchange between the two countries.
Professor Ljiljana Markovic, Dean of the Faculty of Philology at the University of Belgrade closed
the symposium by speaking of the modernisation paradigms of education, and in a context
of political instability, drawing attention to crises of identity, both individual and national. She
underlined that we must seek ways to collaborate, to work together, and that this is both aphilosophical and practical commitment.
In all, the symposium was a great success, and we look forward to future IAFOR Silk Road
Initiative events.
Dr Joseph Haldane
Chairman and CEO, IAFOR

78 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORInnovation andValue Initiative
www.iafor.org/innovation-and-value-initiative/#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 79

Innovation and Value Initiative

Innovation and Value Initiative
More than ever, solutions to the transnational challenges, from climate change, sustainability to
refugee crises, are in need of radically new approaches that depart from the present institutional
limitations of global governance. Interdisciplinary and cross-sector collaboration, between
science/technology and the humanities or public and private sectors, in search of new values andmodels of how we conduct businesses, produce food or even live, are recognised widely as theway forward, as has been demonstrated in the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals(SDG) that usefully combines the achievements of the Millennium Development Goals (public) andGlobal Compact (private sector).
Moreover, as the world confronts the limits of Western concepts of innovation and the value thatthese bring, other unique, sustainable and inclusive models of innovation may have important andglobally applicable lessons that could guide the future of innovation and value creation initiatives
around the world. Even though global connectivity has been greatly enhanced, there are local orregional pockets of ecosystems with demonstrated capacities to survive over centuries, and yetthese are hardly recognised or properly integrated into the theoretical underpinnings that inform
international practices and policies.
As a way to take part in this global endeavour to renovate the current international system and create
new values, the IAFOR Research Centre is proud to announce the Innovation and Value Initiative thatwill start as a three nodes project in the following areas: Value and International Economy, Value andInternational Politics and Value and Social Innovation.

Lead Researchers•••

Haruko Satoh – Professor, OSIPP, Osaka University, Japan
Philip Sugai – Professor, Doshisha University, Graduate School of Business, Japan
Toshiya Hoshino – Ambassador and Deputy Permanent Representative of Japan to the United
Nations

80 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORAbout the Initiative
The purpose of the Innovation and Value Initiative is to explore the drivers, processes and outcomesof innovation and value creation across countries, markets, industries and sectors and identify thedrivers that foster the most healthy innovation and value-creating ecosystems across (1) heritage
businesses, (2) multinational companies, (3) entrepreneurial startups, (4) educational institutions,(5) governments, (6) NGOs and NPOs. This initiative will also foster mature conversation between
leaders across these fields and industries, and will address the questions of “what is innovation?”,“what is value?” “what are innovation ecosystems?” and what we mean by these terms in context.
The initiative will be comprised of the following elements: research, education, dissemination(working papers, workshops and conferences), and initiate collaborative implementation projects
with businesses, local, regional or international NPOs and/or international organisations (forexample, the humanitarian use of blockchain technology). The three nodes, “Value and International
Economy”, “Value and International Politics”, and “Value and Social Innovation” will have each haveits independent research component, but the researchers will also work closely to share findings,
team teach for classes at OSIPP, integrate their works at implementation level or producing policy
recommendations where possible and practicable, and plan new collaborative projects.

Project Nodes and Teams
Value and International Economy
Lead Researcher•

Philip Sugai – Professor, Doshisha University, Graduate School of Business, Japan

Associated Researcher(s)•John Beck – President, North Star Leadership Group

Value and International Politics
Lead Researcher•

Haruko Satoh – Professor, OSIPP, Osaka University, Japan

Associated Researchers••

Toshiya Hoshino – Ambassador and Deputy Permanent Representative of Japan to the United
Nations
Peng-Er Lam – Senior Research Fellow, East Asian Institute, National University of Singapore,
Singapore

Value and Social Innovation
Lead Researcher•

Toshiya Hoshino – Ambassador and Deputy Permanent Representative of Japan to the United
Nations#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 81

Innovation and Value Initiative

United Nations STI Forum 2018 Report
IAFOR collaborated with the United Nations in the hosting of a special session at the Third Annual
Multi-stakeholder Forum on Science, Technology and Innovation for the Sustainable Development
Goals (STI Forum 2018) at the United Nations Headquarters in New York on June 6, 2018.
Dr Joseph Haldane, Chairman and CEO of IAFOR, co-moderated the Official Meeting, a roundtablesession on Innovators and Investors, and focussed on questions at the intersection of innovationand value, including “Impact investing”; investments made into companies, organisations, andfunds with the intention to generate social and environmental impact alongside a financial return.
The chair of the meeting was Japanese Ambassador to the United Nations, His Excellency Dr
Toshiya Hoshino.
Dr Haldane said: “For IAFOR, impact investing is a particular area of interest in regards to thefunding of research in higher education, and dovetails with the work we will be doing within the
IAFOR Research Centre at the Osaka School of International Public Policy (OSIPP) at Osaka
University, as part of our new Innovation and Value Initiative, and also with The IAFOR Global
Innovation & Value Summit 2018 (GIVS2018) to be held in Tokyo later this year.” He added that “itis a great recognition of IAFOR to have been invited to collaborate, and we are honoured to havebeen asked to work with the United Nations at this important event, and look forward to working
with the UN and other stakeholders in the support of Science, Technology and Innovation for the
Sustainable Development Goals (STI-SDG).”
Dr Haldane, who teaches on the postgraduate Global Governance course at OSIPP, and is an Expert
Member of the World Economic Forum in this area, was also keen to raise the issue of governanceand policy implications of the uses of blockchain technology. In his introduction to the panel, hesuggested that the use of blockchain, given its verifiability and the transparency of transactions
might have a positive effect on systems of governance. This might be especially important at atime when the rules-based international system, exemplified by institutions such as the United
Nations, are being challenged.
Image | Dr Joseph Haldane, Chairman and CEO of IAFOR, co-moderates a roundtable session on Innovators and Investors at the United
Nations Headquarters in New York.

82 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORThe IAFOR
Documentary
PhotographyAward 2017
Join us as we celebrate the winners of the IAFOR Documentary PhotographyAward 2017 – an international photography award that seeks to promote andassist in the professional development of emerging documentary photographersand photojournalists.

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Tuesday, July 3 | 12:30-12:40 | Renaissance Suite (B1F)

IAFOR Documentary Photography Award 2017
Award Winners Screening

The IAFOR Documentary Photography Award was launched by The International Academic Forum (IAFOR) in
2015 as an international photography award that seeks to promote and assist in the professional developmentof emerging documentary photographers and photojournalists. The award has benefitted since the outset
from the expertise of an outstanding panel of internationally renowned photographers, including Dr Paul Loweas the Founding Judge, and Ed Kashi, Monica Allende, Simon Roberts, Jocelyn Bain Hogg, Simon Norfolk andEmma Bowkett as Guest Judges. Now in its third year, the award has already been widely recognised by thosein the industry and has been supported by World Press Photo, Metro Imaging, MediaStorm, Think Tank Photo,
University of the Arts London, RMIT University, British Journal of Photography, The Centre for Documentary
Practice, and the Medill School of Journalism.
As an organisation, IAFOR’s mission is to promote international exchange, facilitate intercultural awareness,encourage interdisciplinary discussion, and generate and share new knowledge. In keeping with thismission, in appreciation of the great value of photography as a medium that can be shared across bordersof language, culture and nation, and to influence and inform our academic work and programmes, the IAFOR
Documentary Photography Award was launched as a competition that would help underline the importanceof the organisation’s aims, and would promote and recognise best practice and excellence. Winners of the
IAFOR Documentary Photography Award 2017 were announced at The European Conference on Media,
Communication & Film 2017 (EuroMedia2017) in Brighton, UK. The award follows the theme of the EuroMedia
conference, with 2017’s theme being “History, Story, Narrative”. In support of up-and-coming talent, the IAFOR
Documentary Photography Award is free to enter.
Image | From the project Single Mothers of Afghanistan by IAFOR Documentary Photography Award 2017 Grand Prize Winner, Kiana Hayeri.

84 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORAward Judges
Dr Paul Lowe is the Course Director of the Masters Programme in
Photojournalism and Documentary Photography at the London Collegeof Communication, University of the Arts London. He was responsible
for the development and launch of a new part-time version of thecourse delivered entirely online using web conferencing, blogs and the
VLE, launched in 2008. He is an award-winning photographer whose
work is represented by Panos Pictures, and who has been publishedin Time, Newsweek, Life, The Sunday Times Magazine, The Observer
and The Independent, among others. He has covered breaking news
around the world, including the fall of the Berlin Wall, Nelson Mandela’s
release, famine in Africa, the conflict in the former Yugoslavia and thedestruction of Grozny.
He is a consultant to the World Press Photo Foundation in Amsterdam,
an independent, non-profit organisation that is a major force in developing and promoting visual journalism
worldwide. His book, Bosnians, documenting 10 years of the war and post-war situation in Bosnia, waspublished in April 2005 by Saqi Books. He regularly contributes to international and national conferences inphotography, media and education, and has published chapters in edited books on these themes as well.
Monica Allende is a photo editor, curator, cultural producer and educator.
She is GetxoPhoto Festival Artistic Director from 2017 to 2019, and is
the Director of FORMAT17 International Photography. She is currently
producing several multidisciplinary projects with artists worldwide,
has collaborated with screen projects, and is co-founder of Offspring
Photo Meet, London. Previously she was Photo Editor at The Sunday
Times Magazine, where she launched the award-winning photography
section “Spectrum”. She is a visiting lecturer at the London College ofCommunication and lectures and teaches workshops in photography
at, among others, ScreenLab, London; EFTI, Madrid; Tashkeil, Saudi
Arabia; Mentorship Business Programme DEVELOP at the University ofSunderland; Festival di Internazionale a Ferrara; WPP workshop Angola;
Magnum Professional Practice Workshops.
She nominates photographers for Deutsche Börse Photography Prize, Prix Pictet and The Joop Swart Masterclass/World Press Photo, and has served on juries worldwide including World Press Photo, Visa Pour L’image and the
National Portrait Gallery’s Taylor Wessing photographic Portrait Prize. She produced and curated Darfur: Images
Against Impunity, an exhibition and a book by Stanley Greene, Lynsey Addario and Alvaro Ybarra Zavala. She is therecipient of the Amnesty International Media Photojournalism Award, the Picture Editor’s Award, the Online Press
Award and Magazine Design Award for Best Use of Photography. She also writes and consults on photography.
Jocelyn Bain Hogg began his career as a unit photographer on movie
sets after studying Documentary Photography at Newport Art College.
He shot publicity for the BBC, photographed fashion and now works on
documentary projects and commercial and editorial assignments. His
editorial work features in Vanity Fair, The Sunday Times, The New Yorker,
Style.com, Vogue, Elle, Harper’s Bazaar, Lui, Marie Claire, Stern, GQ, Esquire,
Le Monde, Cahiers du Cinéma, L’Espresso and La Repubblica amongst
others. In 2016 he co-instigated Sea Change as photo director, where aswell as photographing British youth for the project he commissioned 12other photographers to document the issues affecting young people in
12 countries across Europe. A continuing initiative, Sea Change has so far
realised a book, an ongoing touring exhibition and workshop programme.
In addition to this work, he is the author of six photographic books todate and his first, The Firm, presented an astonishingly intimate viewof London’s organised crime world, and won international acclaim, garnering the prestigious Lead Award for
portraiture. His latest project, Public House, published in 2016, documented the denizens of a local pub, forced toclose due to the lamentable issue of social cleansing in London.
In February 2013, he was invited onto the jury of the World Press and was a juror for the Sony World PhotographyAwards in 2015. He is currently the head of the BA photojournalism and documentary photography course at
the UAL LCC in London and is a member of the VII Photo Agency.
#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 85

Supporters
The IAFOR Documentary Photography Award is supported by a number of leading institutions, organisations
and publications around the world in its aim to promote and recognise best practice and excellence indocumentary photography and photojournalism. These partnerships are a testament to the high regard inwhich the award is held within the photography industry.
The IAFOR Documentary Photography Award would like to thank the following organisations for their support:

Sponsorship Opportunities
Through social media, product integration, logo placement, potential press coverage, promotion at the Award
Ceremony and subsequent exhibitions in Japan, Spain, UAE, USA and UK, you have the opportunity to help bringattention to the work of highly talented photographers. For information on sponsorship opportunities or becominga supporter of the IAFOR Documentary Photography Award, please contact Thaddeus Pope (tpope@iafor.org).

86 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFOR

Reviewers
IAFOR depends on the assistance of a large number of international academics
and practitioners who contribute in a variety of ways to our shared mission ofpromoting international exchange, facilitating intercultural awareness, encouraging
interdisciplinary discussion and generating and sharing new knowledge. Our
academic events would not be what they are without a commitment to ensuring thatinternational norms of peer review are observed for our presentation abstracts. With
thousands of abstracts submitted each year for presentation at our conferences,
IAFOR relies on academics around the world to ensure a fair and timely peer review
process in keeping with established international norms of double-blind peer review.
We are grateful for the time, effort and expertise donated by all our contributors.

#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 87

ECP/ECERP2018

Review Committee
Dr Syed Aalam
The University of Sargodha, Pakistan
Dr Ross Halpin
University of Sydney, Australia
Dr Talat Islam
University of the Punjab, Pakistan
Dr Maila Dinia Husni Rahiem
Universitas Islam Negeri, Indonesia

Dr Monty P. Satiadarma
Tarumanagara University, Indonesia
Dr Paul Shrell-Fox
The Schechter Institutes & Efrata Academic College, Israel
Dr Marco Vassallo
Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Italy
Dr Fengqing Zhu
Harbin Institute of Technology, China

ECP2018

Senior Reviewers
Dr Ronke Awopetu
Benue State University, Nigeria
Dr Samuel Chng
Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore
Dr Catherine ChouSoutheast Missouri State University, USA
Dr Zehra Ersahin
Social Sciences University of Ankara, Turkey
Dr Bushra Hassan
International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
Professor Syeda Jesmin
University of North Texas at Dallas, USA

Dr Dinesh Kumar Kandaswamy
Central University of Tamilnadu, India
Dr Ketoki Mazumdar
Independent Researcher, India
Professor Surya Niraula
B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal
Dr Naohiro Obata
Hokusei Gakuen University, JapanDr Monica Sharma
The IIS University, Jaipur, India
Dr Joy Tungol
University of Santo Tomas, Philippines

ECERP2018

Senior Reviewers
Dr Syed Aalam
The University of Sargodha, Pakistan
Professor Vicente Alves
Catholic University of Brasilia, Brazil

Professor Nancy Billias
University of Saint Joseph, USA

ECP2018

Reviewers
Dr Lekha D Bhat
Central University of Tamil Nadu, India
Dr Happiness Igbo
Benue State University, Nigeria

Dr Chia-Kuei Lee
National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
Dr Qiuzhi Xie
University of Saint Joseph, Macao

ECERP2018

Reviewers
Dr Ala Alhourani
University of Cape Town, South Africa
Dr Daniel Dei
Valley View University, Ghana
Professor Elvin Lim
National University of Singapore, Singapore

88 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORDr Mao Naka
Kobe University, JapanDr Antoaneta Nikolova
Leipzig University, Germany

A-Z Index ofPresenters#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 89

A-Z Index of Presenters
Algahmdi, Sharifah				p. 35
University of Reading, Saudi Arabia
Aljloud, Saad				p. 47
Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
Aloudah, Maali				p. 37
University of Reading, UK
Alsubaie, Mohammed			p. 40
Durham University, UK
Amin, Iftekhar				p. 52
University of North Texas at Dallas, USA
Armougum, Allan				p. 44
Paris Descartes University, France
Asah-Ayeh, Vida				p. 45
University of Ghana, Ghana
Billias, Nancy				p. 54
University of Saint Joseph, USA
Boz, Nevfel				p. 51
Social Sciences University of Ankara, Turkey
Bruyninckx, Marielle			p. 41
University of Mons, Belgium
Carminati, Lara				p. 46
University of Surrey, UK
Cartwright, Antonia			p. 40
University of California, Davis, USA
Cheng, Sheung-Tak				p. 40
The Education University of Hong Kong,
Hong Kong
Chou, Catherine				p. 54
Southeast Missouri State University, USA
Coomber, Ties				p. 45
University of Auckland, New Zealandde Jager, Sarina				p. 37
University of Pretoria, South Africa
Deebam, Farah				p. 51
University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
Dei, Daniel				p. 34
Valley View University, Ghana
Eason, Michael				p. 48
City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Furukawa, Norikazu			p. 44
The University of Tokyo, Japan
Girija, Chandni				p. 50
Tata Institute of Social Sciences, India
Hassan, Bushra				p. 52
International Islamic University Islamabad,
Pakistan
Henig, Ariel				p. 41
Harvard Medical School, USA
Hong, Emily				p. 46
Queen's University, Canada
Huang, Kuo Chang				p. 52
National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan
Jarukasemthawee, Somboon			p. 51
Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
Jesmin, Syeda				p. 45
University of North Texas at Dallas, USA
Kasahara, Mariko				p. 36
The University of Tokyo, Japan
Khokhar, Ashar Johnson			
p. 36
University of Management of Technology,
Pakistan
Kitagawa, Tamaki				p. 34
University of Tsukuba, Japan
Kuo, Hong-Yi				p. 49
National ChengChi University, Taiwan
Lee, Chia-Kuei				p. 44
National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
Lim, Elvin					p. 50
Singapore Management University, Singapore
Mohamad Hatta, Nadia			p. 45
Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR),
Malaysia

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Moreira Costa, Vânia			p. 44
University of Coimbra, Portugal
Muhammad, Kaleem			p. 50
Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Pakistan
Murphy, Christine				p. 34
University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
Naka, Mao				p. 47
Kobe University, Japan
Neophytou, Kleanthis			
p. 48
University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Obata, Naohiro				p. 41
Hokusei Gakuen University, Japan
Papanikolaou, Eirini			p. 46
University of Thessaly, Greece
Pisitsungkagarn, Kullaya			p. 35
Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
Roberts, Donna				p. 54
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, USA
Sahassanon, Panu				p. 51
Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
Shebani, Zubaida				p. 48
United Arab Emirates University, UAE
Smith, Julie				p. 50
Evenstone Publishing, USA
Sung, Jessica				p. 46
KAIST, Republic of Korea
Tayebwa, Abbey				p. 47
Makerere University, Uganda
Tennant, Ella				p. 36
Keele University, UK
Thomas, Adriana				p. 41
The University of Auckland, New ZealandWei, Chingchiu				p. 49
National ChengChi University, Taiwan
Wei, Chingchiu				p. 49
National ChengChi University, Taiwan
Xie, Qiuzhi				p. 37
University of Saint Joseph, Macao

Notes#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 91

Notes92 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFORNotes#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 93

The IAFOR Conference on Heritage & the City – New YorkHCNY2018

Join us in New York for HCNY2018 – proudly organised by The
International Academic Forum (IAFOR) in partnership with Hofstra
University, USA, and IAFOR’s Global University Partners.
Conference Theme: “Urban Heritage and the Modern City”
Location & Venue: Hofstra University, New York, USA
Dates: Wednesday, November 07, 2018 ​to Friday, November 09, 2018
Final Abstract Submission Deadline: August 23, 2018
Early Bird Registration Deadline: July 20, 2018
Advance Registration Deadline: August 22, 2018
Final Registration Deadline: September 20, 2018www.hcny.iafor.org

94 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFOR"Urban Heritage& the Modern City"

Conference theme

The study of cities seems a daunting and ostensibly perpetual task. This may be
due to the fact that cities are an imperative requisite in the rise and developmentof civilisation, products of the momentous shift from a simple way of life to thecomplex social, political and economic systems that characterise what we call"culture". Cities are organic entities, experiencing constant structural changes
that help to rearrange their influence and importance relative to other cities aroundthe globe. While in the past a city's importance was measured in terms of size orpolitical relevance (as in being the capital of a nation), in today's environment
a city's prominence is primarily distinguished by the scope and vigour of its
economic life and the extent to which it serves as a command and control centre
for global capitalism.
On the wake of such structural changes, the city's socio-spatial configuration
has experienced significant alterations as diverse urban communities transformin order to contend with the new realities. Thus, descriptions of the modern cityrequire the scholar to reconsider and reinterpret the cultural heritage of an evermore complex geographical space, enriched by the presence and contributions of
new arrivals that bring cultural interpretative proposals that may not harmonisewith previously accepted models.
The diversity and otherness of the new city-space requires us to study the city
as a sort of cultural heritage collage, with its Chinatowns, Barrios, Harlems andLittle Italy neighbourhoods; moreover, it urges us to consider new methodologicalparadigms that will prove more compatible with the dappled nature of the city. In
presenting their work, speakers at The IAFOR Conference on Heritage & the City
– New York (HCNY) will address these fundamental questions, keeping in mind
that the particular urban environment of each individual city is distinctive andmultifaceted. It is hoped that the presenters who graciously agree to attend thisconference will help build the concept of "urban heritage" as the foundation fordeveloping pioneering methodologies for the study of cities.
For more information please visit: www.hcny.iafor.org#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 95

ACE2018
TOKYO, JAPAN
Come and join us in the capital of Japan, and one of the world’s greatest
cities, as we celebrate the 10th Asian Conference on Education in Tokyo.
October 13-15, 2018 | Toshi Center Hotel, Tokyo, Japan

www.ace.iafor.org

The Asian Conference on Education (ACE) was the first conference organised by The
International Academic Forum in Osaka in 2009, when the organisation was founded.
Since then, some 18,000 academics have presented at an IAFOR conference, whether
in Asia, the Middle East, Europe or North America, and that number is expected toreach 20,000 by the time we hold our 10th Anniversary Conference in Tokyo.
Founded in Japan at a time when English language conferences, and interdisciplinary
conferences did not exist, IAFOR quickly found support among a growing number ofscholars in Japan, Asia and beyond who came together to make friends, network, andat a time of rapid globalisation and technological advances, explore the latest ideas
and search for research synergies in the pursuit of addressing and finding solutions
to many of the myriad and complex challenges presented by the modern world.
96 | IAFOR.ORG | ECP/ECERP2018 | #IAFOR"Surviving andThriving: Education inTimes of Change"
Conference theme

IAFOR now has university partners across the globe, counts some of the world’s
foremost intellectuals as advisers, and boasts an interdisciplinary research centre in
Osaka University. The organisation also has a conference program that spans threecontinents, and in a divided world, IAFOR’s founding principles of nurturing ideas,
individuals and research projects across barriers of nation, culture, and discipline are
more timely than ever.
Join us in October in Tokyo to consider how we as educators do not only survive, butalso positively thrive, in these uncertain and changing times.
For more information please visit: www.ace.iafor.org#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 97

www.iafor.org/conferences

Upcoming Events

Brighton, UK, 2018

Tokyo, Japan, 2018

July 6–7

October 5–7

The European Conference on the Social Sciences(ecss.iafor.org)

The IAFOR Global Innovation & Value Summit(givs-tokyo.iafor.org)

The European Conference on
Sustainability, Energy & the Environment(ecsee.iafor.org)

October 9–11

July 9–10
The European Conference on Arts & Humanities(ecah.iafor.org)
The European Conference onMedia, Communication & Film
(euromedia.iafor.org)

Barcelona, Spain, 2018
July 13–15
The IAFOR International Conference on the City
(city.iafor.org)
The IAFOR International Conference on
Global Studies(global.iafor.org)

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The Asian Conference onMedia, Communication & Film(mediasia.iafor.org)

October 13–15
The Asian Conference on Education(ace.iafor.org)
The Asian Undergraduate Research
Symposium (AURS)(aurs.iafor.org)

www.iafor.org/conferences

Upcoming Events
Hong Kong, 2018

Tokyo, Japan 2019

October 19–21

March 21–23

The IAFOR Conference for Higher Education Research – Hong Kong(cher-hongkong.iafor.org)

The Asian Conference on Psychology& the Behavioral Sciences(acp.iafor.org)

December 5–7

The Asian Conference on Ethics, Religion& Philosophy(acerp.iafor.org)

The IAFOR Conference on Heritage – Hong Kong
(heritage-hongkong.iafor.org)

New York, USA, 2018
November 7–9
The IAFOR Conference on Heritage & the City –New York(hcny.iafor.org)

March 25–27
The Asian Conference on Education& International Development(aceid.iafor.org)

March 29–31
The Asian Conference on Arts & Humanities(acah.iafor.org)

Honolulu, USA, 2019
January 3–5
The IAFOR International Conference on
Education – Hawaii(iicehawaii.iafor.org)
The IAFOR International Conference on
Sustainability, Energy & the Environment – Hawaii(iicseehawaii.iafor.org)#IAFOR | ECP/ECERP2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 99

Join us March 21–23, 2019 in Tokyo, Japan for

ACP/ACERP – THINK TOKYO ‘19“Think Tokyo ‘19” is the umbrella name under which IAFOR is holding its
concurrent Asian Conferences on Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences (ACP),
and Ethics, Religion & Philosophy (ACERP). This naming reflects our move from
Osaka/Kobe to the capital city of Tokyo, and also underlines IAFOR’s mission
to interdisciplinarity. Since 2011, this extraordinary event has encouraged us,
working in and across different academic fields, and from different cultural,religious and national backgrounds, to come together to reflect on how wereason, believe, and behave, as individuals, communities and societies, and to
the act, art, science, and imperative of thinking.

Conference Theme: "Value and Values"
The conference theme, Value and Values, refers to two of the fundamental
questions of human enquiry – why and how we do what we do. Focussing onthem takes us back to the basics of academic enquiry. The focus on the Valueof our area of study invokes questions of why our field is important for us, forsociety, for humanity; asking us to consider why we research, teach, and engage
with other research and researchers in our area; and what the benefit of ourwork might be, to ourselves, to society, to the world.
Focusing on values, on the other hand, addresses our deeply held beliefs andintegrity, and suggest our intentions, how we approach our work, and demands
that the process of our enquiry be as important as the product. Our core values
may be universal, but are coloured by our social, cultural, religious, political andpersonal contexts.
How can the study of psychology and the behavioral sciences, as well as those of
ethics, religion and philosophy, inform each other, inform other fields, and inform ourlives, from the way we lead our individual lives, to the ways in which governments
engage with their citizens, and with those from other countries and regions?
In a world which is seeing a rise in authoritarianism, nationalism, and populism,
this conference asks us to consider “value and values”, inviting scholars fromaround the world to come together and engage in challenging, rigorous debate
across the lines and borders of religion, creed and nation, and we warmly
encourage you to come to Tokyo in 2019!
Learn more about THINK TOKYO via either of the links below:

www.acp.iafor.org
www.acerp.iafor.org

Introducing the IAFOR Research Centre at
Osaka University, Japaniafor

THE IAFOR RESEARCH CENTREOSAKA SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC POLICYOSAKA UNIVERSITY

大阪大学大学院国際公共政策研究科OSIPP
IAFOR研究センター

The IRC helps to nurture and capacity build by encouraging students totake part in international conferences and research projects, in line with
the Osaka University’s Global 30 commitments from Japan’s Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT).
For more information about the IAFOR Research Centre visit:www.osipp.osaka-u.ac.jp/iaforresearchcentre/

ECP/ECERP2018 Programme & Abstract Book

The IAFOR Research Centre (IRC) is a politically independent international
interdisciplinary think tank based at Osaka School of International Public
Policy (OSIPP), at Japan’s Osaka University, that conducts and facilitatesinternational and interdisciplinary research projects. The main focus is
to encourage mutual international and intercultural understanding andcooperation in line with IAFOR’s mission of encouraging interdisciplinary
discussion, facilitating heightened intercultural awareness, promotinginternational exchange, and generating and sharing new knowledge.