－1－

－3－

－5－

－ 13 －Annex 2

ACCEPTED Participants

Water Supply Administration for Better
Managementof Water Supply Services

Inception Report Presentation
1. Country: Azerbaijan
2. Name: Araz Ismayilov
3. Position: Head of Quality Control D.
4. Organization: “Azersu” OJSC
1

Inception Report Presentation
Each applicant is kindly requested to make presentation of Inception
Report (M/S Power Point file with less than 15 slides which cover thefollowing 6 topics about the individual water supply company/public
water supply authority to which the participant is belonged.

Presentation time: 15 minutes including Q/A

6 topics:
1. Management of water quality
 2. Reduction of non-revenue water 3. Water supply service standards
 4. Management of water supply service on a self-supportingbasis
 5. Major recent achievement in improvement of water supply
services/management
 6. Expectation for the Japanese private companies

6 topics should include the content of “Current situation and major
problems, Current actions against the problems and any achievement.”2－ 15 －

General Country Profile: Background
The Republic of Azerbaijan is in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia,
straddling Western Asia and Eastern Europe.
Land borders:TurkeyIranRussiaGeorgia
Armenia
Whole Country:
Area: 86.000

km2

Population : 9.600.000 Habitants
Coverage Water Supply: % 62.5

Selected Water Supply System/City: Baku/Absheron
Service Area : 2110

km2

Population Served:

2.950.000

million/ thousand－ 16 －

3

My Mission (sharing among participating friends)
Mission of my organization is supplying drinking water andsanitation services in a centralized manner.



My mission in the organization is leading quality control andprocurement management for all international and national
projects implemented by Azersu OJSC.

My actual job to achieve the mission is collaborating with
Contractors, Consulting companies, Manufactures and related
Departments to manage system accordingly.

5

1. Management of Water Quality (MWQ)
MWQ is Planning, developing and implementation of water quality
policies and strategies
1. Current Situation
Lack of water resources
Old water supply networks
Old water treatment facilities.
Inadequate qualified Human Resources
Maintenance activities.


2. Current Actions
Diversification of water resources
Replace old networks pipelines
Modern facilities.



3. Monitoring System
Quality of water being tested in online basis, Labs

6

－ 17 －

Inability to provide water resources and waste water treatment
services to the Karabakh region of Azerbaijan Republic, whichis inaccessible due to the occupation by Armenian militaryforces.
1.4 million out of total population of 9.5 million are refugees

2. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water 2
Current Situation
Leakage losses due to old distribution network, Commercial
losses due to insufficient flow meters Problems inreimbursing money from clients.
Current Actions
New online billing system is launched to track payments.
Electronic flow meters integrated with online billing system.
Flow meters are being installed on upstream of every
distribution network to track water supplied
Pre paid smart card meters
Replacing old pipes
8－ 18 －

3. Water Tariff
Domestic: Cost/m3 = 0.33 $Non Domestic: Cost/m3 = 1.33 $Average: 0.83 $9

4. Water Supply Service Standards / Performance
Indicators(Parameter)(Unit)(Result)(start date)(end date)(method)

98/83 EC
DirectiveГОСТ
2874-82

Physic-Chemical Analysis(Odor)

no22.05.2016

22.05.2016(Taste)no22.05.2016

22.05.2016(Color)no22.05.2016

22.05.2016(pH unit)

8,18

22.05.2016

22.05.2016

SM 4500-H*B

6,5-9,5

6,0-9,0(Turbidity)

NTU

0,53

22.05.2016

22.05.2016

SM 2130 B

1

1,5 mg/L(Free Chlorine)(mg/L)

0,11

22.05.2016

22.05.2016

Kit metodu-

0,3-0,5 mg/L

(Conductivity)(μS/sm)656

22.05.2016

22.05.2016

SM 2510 B

˂ 2500 (200C)(mg/L)<0,02

22.05.2016

22.05.2016

Kit Metodu

0.5

*pH

Ammonium (NH4+)(Ammonium)

Biological and Microbiological Analysis(Total Coliform Bacteria)

CFU/100 mL

38

22.05.2016

24.05.2016

ISO 9308-1

0<3(E.Coli)

CFU/100 mL

022.05.2016

24.05.2016

ISO 9308-1

0

-

10

－ 19 －

5. Management of Water Supply Service on a SelfSupporting Basis
Water supply services from intake to households andall necessary actions managed and implemented by“Azersu”.
Azersu OJSC receive the governmental support for all
projects and issues.

11

6. Major Recent Achievement in Improvement of Water
Supply Services/Management (PART1)
Please fill in variation of the indicators below based on yoursituation!

Baku/Absheron
2003
None

INDICATORS

2015

Production capacity m3/d
Water quality
Coverage area
Supply duration
Supply pressure

1.728.000m3/d
WHO Guidelines
96%
24hr/d (95%)
2-6 bar12－ 20 －

6. Major Recent Achievement in Improvement of
Water Supply Services/Management (PART2)

1. Jeyranbatan UF plant 520.000 m3/day “the biggest UF in theworld” (2015)
2. Pirshaga WWT plant 100.000 m3/day (on going project)
3. Main distribution pipes across country
4. Hovsan WWT plant discharge parameters improved to EPA

13

7. Expectation for the Japanese Private Companies &Water Supply Utilities
Techniques or technologies of Japanese water privatecompanies may hold to tackle effectively the issues
mentioned above
Understanding the management approach of Japanese
Water companies in all segments of water management;
Program Mgt., Project Mgt., Operations and MaintenanceMgt., Sales and billing systems.

14－ 21 －

－ 23 －ADDIS ABABA WATER & SEWERAGE
AUTHORITY

ADDIS ABABA CITY WATER SUPPLY AND
DISTRIBUTION SITUATIONADDIS ABABA WATER & SEWERAGE
AUTHORITY

ADDIS ABABA CITY WATER SUPPLY AND
DISTRIBUTION SITUATION－ 25 －

COUNTRY REPORT PRESENTATION
country : Ethiopia
 capital city: Addis Ababa
 Area: 1.1 millionKm²/420mile square/ Population: about 90million
 SupplCoverage of Watery 88%
 Service area:
540 Km²
 Population Served: about 3.2 million


COUNTRY REPORT CONT.....
Missionof the organization:
 To deliver sustainable & adequate water & liquid

waste disposal service in line with the city’s speedy
development via working hand in hand with stakeholders.
 My mission in the Organization is to manage oneof the eight branches as to accomplish themission of AAWSA.
－ 26 －

1. CURRENT SITUATION OF WATER SUPPLY SERVICE
1.1.

Current Situation and Major Challenges/ Problems



AAWSA produce water from two type of sources :Surface water sources
andGround water sources
Current daily production from these sources is 608,000
m3/day.
The sources are from dams and boreholes:
Legedadi dam 195000m3/day
Gefersa dam 30000m3/day










1. CURRENT SITUATION OF WATER SUPPLY SERVICE
1.1.

Current Situation and Major Challenges/ Problems

Akaki fase 1 30000m3/dayAkaki fase 2 73000m3/day
Akaki fase3A 70000m3/day
Akaki fase3 B 70000m3/day
from city boreholes 140000m3/day－ 27 －

1. CURRENT SITUATION OF WATER SUPPLY SERVICE
1.

Current Situation and Major Challenges/ Problems



AAWSA has 435672 water customers
Among these 80% is a 24 hr.users,15% is 16-18hr users
and 5% is 12hrs users.
The Current daily demand of the city is 670,000 cubic
meter
Coverage is 90%
AAWSA has started to built another dam(gerbi dam)with in 2 years to full fill the coverage which produce
more than 76000m3/day








－ 28 －

1.1 MANAGEMENT OF WATER QUALITYAAWSA has water quality case team in its stracture which
managesthe quality of water from the source to the tap.
At the catchment regular monitoriy is conducted, farmers aretrained to follow safe agricelltural activities for the dams (type of fertilizers and crops type)

After the water is produced in the treatment plant, it isdistributed to the city. While the produced water is in the
distribution system, it is checked for its microbiologicalquality by taking about 30 sampls a day.

MANAGEMENT OF WATER QUALITY

1.2. Current actions against those challenges/ problems andany achievements.
Controlling the residual chlorine in the networkReplacement of GS pipe with HDPE

Dis- infection of pipes when ever maintenance done in the networkCustomer feedback concerning quality is changed to positive－ 29 －

1. MANAGEMENT OF WATER QUALITY
1.3.

Monitoring System/ plan of safety of supplied
drinking water by your organisation/ regulatory body/
independent institution/ any other

Daily monitoring by own water quality department

Federal ministry of Health central laboratory by random
sampling

1. MANAGEMENT OF WATER QUALITY
1.4.

Implementation of water safety plans or similar
effort

No effort done with this respect－ 30 －

2. REDUCTION OF NON REVENUE WATER
2.1.

Current Situation and Major challenges/ Problems



NRW is estimated to be about 37% – 40% including both
physical & commercial loss

There are two major problemsa.

No automated control of the distribution system is manuallyoperated and controlledb.

Old water infrastructure, not laid as per the city new masterplan

2. REDUCTION OF NON REVENUE WATER
2.2.

Current actions against those challenges/
Problems

Updating current city water supply network

Define district metering Area (DMA)

Installation of Electromagnetic flow meter in each DMA

Estimate the DMA water demand and update the network as per
the demand defined－ 31 －

2. REDUCTION OF NON REVENUE WATER
2.3.

Any Achievements

Awareness is created with in the customer to be part of theauthority in monitoring & controlling physical losses.



Map updating of existing system is under way.



NRW reduction
consultant

strategy

already

drawn

byinternational

2. REDUCTION OF NON REVENUE WATER

Water TariffPublic tap for all tariff 1.75 Birr/m³

Domestic(Consumption ,m³)
1-7
8-20
21-40
41-100101-300
301-500
>500










Birr

Non-Domestic

1.75
3.80
4.75
5.95
7.45
9.30
11.60

Consumption x 1.75„
x 3.80„x 4.75„x 5.95„x 7.45„x 9.30„x 11.60－ 32 －

3. WATER SUPPLY SERVICE STANDARDS
3.1 Water Supply Service Stanndards/Perfermance Indicators

There are about13 water supply service standards the major ones are thefollowing.
Types of activity

standard time

length/m&km

1. new conncection for customer..........time 14 hr for 12 meter
2. water line upgreading.....................time 14hr
for 12 meter
3. water line transfer............................time14hr
for 12 meter
4. water line maintenance....................time 4 hr
for
3meter
5. water pipe laying..............................time 3hr
for
1 km

3. WATER SUPPLY SERVICE STANDARDS
3.1.

Current situation and major challenges/ Problems



Major challenge to give service as per the standards are shortageof trained man power, hand tools, pipes and fittings and fieldvehicles－ 33 －

3. WATER SUPPLY SERVICE STANDARDS
3.2.

Current actions against those challenges/ Problems

New structural setup are under discussionBulk purchase of pipes and fittings from local manufacturers andforeign purchaseTraining are under going local and abroad by stockholders
cooperation

New vehicles procurement is under way.

4. MANAGEMENT OF WATER SUPPLY SERVICE ON A
SELF SUPPORTING BASIS
4.1.

Current situation and major challenges/ problems• No self support scheme implemented－ 34 －

4. MANAGEMENT OF WATER SUPPLY SERVICE ON A
SELF SUPPORTING BASIS
4.2.

Current actions against those challenges/ problems

No action taken

5. MAJOR RECENT ACHIEVEMENTS IN IMPROVEMENT
OF WATER SUPPLY SERVICES/ MANAGEMENT•

The major achievement is increase in water supply from
350,000 m3/day in 2014 to 608,000 m3/day in 2016.

•

Provide alternative water supply by truck and local 20 M3
water tanks in water shift areas at least 12 hours per day and 7
days per week.

－ 35 －

3. WATER SUPPLY SERVICE STANDARDS
3.4.

Any Monitoring by performance indicators (PI)

Not applied yet

6.EXPECTATION FOR THE JAPANESEPRIVATE COMPANIES
6.1.

Presentation, information materials, technologies or techniques

totackle effectively the problems/ issues /mentioned from 1 – 5 above
6.2.

Share best practices on water supply network management or

6.3

share best practices on customer service provision

6.4

Share my challenges and draw solutions for problems with Japanese
Private companies with better experience on water supply management.

6.5

Share new Technology on water monitoring and distribution－ 36 －

7. EXPECTATIONS TOWARD THE PROGRAM
7.1.

Practical training on the problem

7.2.

Soft and hard materials on the subject matter so that I
can share with my staff when I return home

7.3

Technologies which can easily applied in developing
country like mine

－ 37 －

－ 39 －In the name of God

Inception Report Presentation
Tokyo, Japan, June 2016

1. Country: Islamic Republic of Iran
2. Name: Bahieh Jafari Bibalan
3. Position: Head of Planning Group
4. Organization: Ministry of Energy-Water

andWastewater Deputy-Water and Wastewater planning
BureauArea

1.648 million km2

Population>79 million

No of provinces

31

Average Rainfall

243mm

Neighboring Countries

Afghanistan, Pakistan,Iraq, Turkmenistan,Azerbaijan, Armenia,
Turkey , Arab States
in Persian Gulf

Language

Persian

IRAN

Capital: Tehran (12,000,000)
Population growth rate: 1.29
Number of major basins ( first order): 6
Number of sub basins (second order): 30
Number of Ministries: 18
Ministries dealing with water: MOE, MOJA, and
DOE.

Based on 2014 year statistics－ 41 －

Climatic Status
Caspian Sea
Iran is located in an arid and semi arid climate
CentralPlateau• 15 % humid and semi humid• 20 % semi arid
• 65 % arid.

1.Persian Gulf
2.Markazi
3.Caspian Sea
4.Urmia Lake
5.Gara Gom
6.Hamoon

Renewable fresh water variation in IranLong term average－ 42 －

124.778 BCM

116 BCM

88.774 BCM

Last 17 years

30 years-up to 1998

Water Withdrawal
91
Total Ground water
withdrawal=60 BCM
Total Surface water
withdrawal=40 BCM

Agriculture
Drinking & Industry

54

37
9

6

3
Surface water

Groundwater

Percentage of total
renewable water
resources
withdrawn =86%
(upper than normal
percentage (40%))

Total water usage

Water Allocation by Sector
 Domestic: 6.5%
 Industrial: 1.5%
 Agriculture: 92%

Relation between population Growth & freshwater per capita
8000

120

100

106

Population

6,858

7000
6000

80
5,041

75

5000

Water stress
phase

4000

70
60

3,857

60
49

3000
40

2,629
34

2,165
1,786

20

26

2000
1,597

19
1,099

0

1000
0

1956

1966

1976

1986

1996
Year

－ 43 －

2006

2011

2041

capitaPopulation (million person)

Renewable freshwatre per capita

Main Water Challenges in Iran
 Climate change & Drought Renewable fresh water reducing & water scarcity
 Groundwater drawdown (more than 115 billion cubic meters cumulative overdraft) Lakes & Lagoons Drying/Dust Storm Deterioration of water quality
 Insufficient drinking water in urban & rural regions (quantity & quality) Low irrigation efficiency and Low water productivity specially in Agricultural section
 Lack of economically view to water (high difference between the marginal cost and the saleprice of water to the consumers) Increasing of water stress (between users)
 Land fragmentation and farms in small size
 Lack of native water technologies (gap between current technologies and new technologies) Careless use of unconventional water resources Lack of volumetric water delivery (specially in agricultural section)

Iran’ water Policies
 Coordination in different parts of consumption through the High water Council
 Establishment of River basin organization
 Rehabilitation and Equilibrium of groundwater resources (recovery)
 Climate change study and its impacts on water resources
 Comprehensive studies of drinking water, industry and mining in Iran through looking at the use of
unconventional water with a focus on costal saline resources Water recycling and use of gray water Consumption management and improvement of water efficiency in all sectors of consumption
 Using new technological tools in water management - (as: RS, GIS) Study of Deep and karst water resources
 Pay serious attention to basic studies of water resources and Installation and Upgrading the
Measurement Tools for monitoring the quality and quantity of water resources and consumption
 Establishment of water market
 Upgrading water standards and criteria
 Studying of water master plan based on IWRM Approaches
 Revision in the methods water allocating－ 44 －

Iran and Its provinces

Mega cities are:
 Tehran Karaj
 Mashhad Tabriz Ahvaz Isfahan Shiraz Rasht

People Access to drinking water : Urban: 99.1%
 Rural: 74%
People Access to Improved Sanitation(Sewerage system): Urban: 92.8%
 Rural: 82.3%
People Coverage that connecting to Modern
Sewerage system (collection and treatment): Urban: 42.2%
 Rural: 0.4%

My Mission:
Mission of my organization(Ministry of Energy) as one ofimportant governmental organization in Iran, is management of water resources andelectricity power for all users. The ministry is responsible for policy making, proposednecessary laws, rules and regulations for water and electricity in the country. Also. The
ministry is responsible for supplying sustainable drinking water through holding
company and other subsidiaries.

My mission in the organization is short-term, medium-term and longterm Planning and policy making for better water resources management and watersupply for various uses (annual planning, developing program and preparing of water
and wastewater Vision)

My actual job to achieve the mission is planning, Meetings withholding companies, Obtaining activity reports and preparing performance reports,
Explain the strengths and weaknesses of the system, …
10－ 45 －

Management of Water Quality
 Developments in the Iran's population over the past few decades has led tourbanization rate of about 30% from 1956 to reach more than 70% in 2011.
Similarly villagers from 68% in 1956 to less than 30% in 2011 had reached its.
75

Urbanization Growth in Iran

70
65
60
55

Urban

50

Rural

45
40
35
30
25

1956

1966

1976

1986

1996

2006

2011

 One of water & wastewater companies’ goals is to deliver water to people withstandard quality. In this regards, free residual chlorine index (drinking water
distribution network) in urban and rural area is more than 90%. Also Microbial
index (drinking water distribution network) in urban and rural area is morethan 99.8% and 99.2%, respectively.

Major challenges in water quality
 Entry of various pollutants in water resources that supplies drinking water The high cost of water treatment
 Avoiding the use of advanced technology for water treatment
 Entry of agricultural drainage containing fertilizers and pesticides to drinking
water sources and increasing rate of nitrate especially in groundwater More than 70% of the drinking water depended to ground water and Decline ingroundwater levels and salinity of the water and the presence of some heavy
metals in water resources in some areas
 Fluctuation of the quality of surface water especially during the rainy seasons－ 46 －

Current Actions against Those Challenges/Problems and Any
Achievements:
The quality of the drinking water is assured by: Controlling the proportion of surface water and the underground water.
 Increasing the efficiency of water treatment plants by using Online quality control systems,
increasing of process efficiency with adding the optimum dose of coagulant & poly-electrolyte,
control of settling and clarifier units effectiveness by re- adjustment parameters based on raw water
quality changes
 Quality control and measuring the amount of pollutant nitrate and other parameters in 6 month
periodic well water sampling.
 Start using of Nano technologies for water treatment
Systems available on the Companies for drinking water monitoring are as follows: Online quality control systems in water treatment plants (including turbidity, PH, EC, CL2, TOC)
 Water quality laboratories at water treatment plants for measuring chemical, biological and microbiologicalparameters based on international standards.
 Reference Water quality laboratory at company for measuring heavy metals, THMs parameters based oninternational standards.
 Water quality laboratory for measuring chemical, biological and microbiological parameters in well waters
based on international standards
 Online and portable quality control systems at storage reservoirs (including turbidity, PH, CL2)
 And also Water quality laboratory for certificated that established in Universities of Medical Sciences

Reduction of Non-Revenue Water

Authorized
consumption
4410 MCM

Billed authorized
consumption
4317 MCM

4317MCM/year(74%)

Unbilled authorized
consumption(ex. fire fighting, cleaning)
93 MCM

93 MCM/year(1.6%)

Non
Apparent losses
Revenue( UnauthorizedWater
consumption(NRW)(i.e. Illegal use), Customer
1521 MCM
metering inaccuracies )634 MCM634 MCM/year(10.86%)26%

System input volume5838 MCM

Water
losses

Revenuewater
4317 MCM

1428 MCM
Real losses(Leakage)
794 MCM－ 47 －

794 MCM/year(13.6%)

Major Challenges/Problems
 The high cost of reducing non-revenue water very difficult to locate leakages using regular and normal methods
 lack of legal action with illegal branches
 Inaccuracy of measurement equipment

Current Actions against Those Challenges/Problems
 Locating leakages using regular and normal methods (for example sound methods).
 Remove of illegal branches Zoning and management of distribution network pressure Replacement of defective counter

Water Tariff
 The price of water is not economic in the our country and more water and wastewatercompanies are facing with accumulated losses.
 Drinking water tariff in Iran is about 11.4 cent, while the marginal cost per cubic meterof water is about 28.5 cent and therefore only 40% water tariff covers costs for waterproduction.
 The water price that paid by users is calculated by consumption levels, so the user that
more water consume (more than defined consumption patterns) more cost deals (asfollows table).

Tariff ($/m3)

Water use level

0.041

0-5 m3/month

0.061

5-10 m3/month

0.085

10-15 m3/month

0.107

15-20 m3/month

0.157

20-25 m3/month

0.246

25-30 m3/month

0.34

30-35 m3/month

0.44835-40 m3/month

0 97

40-50 m3/month－ 48 －

Management of Water Supply Service on a Self-Supporting Basis There aren’t central and advanced monitoring and management systems (intelligent
and online system) in all cities (very limited there are in some mega cities such as
Tehran and Isfahan).
 In ministry of Energy, at now, we defied new project for establishing an intelligent andonline system for water supply management in one of Capital district. Also we wantestablishment these systems with use of foreign investment and experiences of othercountry such as Korea.

Major Recent Achievement in Improvement of Water Supply
Services/Management
1997

INDICATORS

2015

3691

Production capacity MCM

10710

1053-national

Water quality

1053 corrected-national

96.16%

Coverage area

99.1

8960

1000 Number of connections

20790

32%

NRW

26%

10440

Volume of tanks (1000 m3)

18611

48900

Transmission Link (km)125748131520Distribution line(km)314906－ 49 －

Major Recent Achievement in Improvement of Water Supply
Services/Management

 The preventive maintenance systems (PM) are established recently in some cities.
 We have the SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) system in some cities but
there aren’t tele-command systems.
 At now, we want use of foreign investment and experiences of other country for thispurpose (at now some water and wastewater companies have contract with other foreigncompanies).

Expectation for the Japanese Private Companies & Water
Supply Utilities
 Online systems for measuring qualitative parameters New technologies of locating leakages in pipelines
 Modern methods and technologies for repair and maintenance of transmission line, distribution
network, WTP and etc.
 Knowledge Management System and documentation
 Investment in reduction non-revenue water and new methods in this regards

Expectation toward the Program Acquaintance of the experiences of Japan in the field of management of water supply services
 Acquaintance of technologies used in Japan for supplies and water purification and in the
country What measures Japan to supply water in crisis periods
 How optimization of drinking water supply from surface water and ground water to customers
 How reduce of non-revenue water and water loss
 Visit of water treatment plants and water supply services departments in Japan－ 50 －

－ 51 －

Water Supply Administrationfor Better Managementof Water Supply Services

Inception Report
Presentation
Country: Lebanon
Name: Maya Srour
Position: Water Quality Coordinator
Organization: Ministry of Energy and Water – Lebanon

OUTLINE
General Country Profile: Background
My Mission
1. Management of Water Quality
2. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water
3. Water Tariff
4. Water Supply service Standards / Performance Indicators
5. Management of Water Supply Service on a SelfSupporting Basis
6. Major Recent Achievements in Improvement of Water
Supply Services/Management
7. Expectations from the Japanese Private Companies &Water Supply utilities
Maya Srour MoEW Lebanon
Inception Report - JICA Training－ 53 －

8-Jun-16

General Country Profile: Background Whole Country:

10,452Km2



Area:



Population: 4.547 million

Registered Syrian refugees 1.048 million
Registered Palestinian refugees 425,000Coverage Water Supply: 79%(MENA average 75%)

Maya Srour MoEW Lebanon - Inception Report - JICA Training

8-Jun-16

General Country Profile: Background cont.
Selected Water Supply system/City:
Service Area & Population Served
Ministry of Energy & Water
MoEW

Performance and Evaluation
NLWE

BMLWE

NLWE

SLWE

BWE

LRA

BWE
Product
Flow

BMLWE

Cash Flow

Consumers
Product
Flow

Cash Flow

Private Provider-

Water Delivery trucks
Bottled water / Gallons
Private Wells
Local Committees/Municipalities

SLWE

Maya Srour MoEW Lebanon - Inception Report - JICA Training－ 54 －

NLWE: North Lebanon Water Establishment
BMLWE: Beirut & Mount Lebanon Water Establishment
SLWE: South Lebanon Water Establishment
BWE: Bekaa Water Establishment
LRA: Litani River Authority

8-Jun-16

Mission The mission of the General Directorate of Exploitation at

the MoEW is to monitor administratively and financially the
public utilities and establishments of water and electricity.

Maya Srour MoEW Lebanon - Inception Report - JICA Training

8-Jun-16

Mission cont.
 My Mission as a Water Quality Coordinator is to:







Monitor the Water quality in all water
establishments
Water sampling to ensure water safety
Coordinate with the laboratory technicians andpersonnel
Prepare the necessary technical reports
Participate in the development of plans to protect
water sources

Maya Srour MoEW Lebanon - Inception Report - JICA Training－ 55 －

8-Jun-16

1. Management of Water Quality
 Water quality is managed through the results delivered form thelaboratory personnel.
 Laboratory results are based on bacteriological and physiochemical samples.
 Each water establishment has regional laboratories and one maincore laboratory where detailed physio-chemical results takeplace.
 The coordinators’ unit at MoEW check the control and help theestablishments to resolve pollution issues.
 Major challenges and problems faced are:bureaucratic delays
 lack of personnel
 shortage in machineries and detailed laboratory testMaya Srour MoEW Lebanon - Inception Report - JICA Training

8-Jun-16

2. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water

Maya Srour MoEW Lebanon - Inception Report - JICA Training－ 56 －

8-Jun-16

2. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water cont.

Collection rate in 2010Best practice in MENA
region: Palestinian Authority:
10%



MENA average: 37%

World Average: 35%% of Unaccounted for Water
Maya Srour MoEW Lebanon - Inception Report - JICA Training

8-Jun-16

2. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water cont.
 Lebanon is one of the very few countries still adopting a flat

tariff structure.
 The inefficient and poorly maintained systems and networks,
is leading to:high losses supply interruptions
 limited focus on demand management
 Although coverage is better than the regional average, morethan 50% of transmission and distribution networks are pasttheir useful life leading to Unaccounted for Water levels 13%
higher than world average.
Maya Srour MoEW Lebanon - Inception Report - JICA Training－ 57 －

8-Jun-16

3. Water Tariff Lump-sum

flat
tariffbased on contracted
volumesofwater,
disconnected from realconsumption
 Although around 10% oftheconnectionsin
Lebanon are metered,volumetric tariffs basedon real consumption are
still not applied Customers’ registers are
not regularly updated

NLWE$140/yr($0.38/m3

Water
SupplyTariff

BMLWE$157/yr($0.43/m3

BWE$118/yr($0.32/m3

SLWE$147/yr($0.40/m3

Maya Srour MoEW Lebanon - Inception Report - JICA Training

8-Jun-16

3. Water Tariff cont.
Area
Charges• Lump sums periodic charges
based on area irrigated• From $140 to $650/ha/year

Irrigation Tariff• In case of pressurized

where hydrants are
Volumetric networks,
equipped with water meters
Charges • From $0.10 to $0.15/m

Very lowcollection
rates

3

Wastewater Tariff

No wastewater
tariffWastewater
applied so far

Maya Srour MoEW Lebanon - Inception Report - JICA Training－ 58 －

8-Jun-16

4. Water Supply Service Standard /Performance Indicators
MISSION: “Ensure water supply, irrigation and sanitation services over all
the Lebanese territory on continuous basis and at optimal service levels,with a commitment to environmental, economic and social sustainability”
 ProductionImprove the quality of surface water
Improve management and protection of groundwater resources
Fulfil deficits through groundwater and/or surface storage according topotential; and availability per region

 Transmission and distribution

Ensure proper and continuous access to high quality water supply
Provide adequate quantities and quality of irrigation water Wastewater

Increase coverage of wastewater collection networks and treatment
capacities
 Optimize current wastewater treatment processes
Maya Srour MoEW Lebanon - Inception Report - JICA Training

8-Jun-16

5. Management of Water Supply Service on a
Self-Supporting Basis

Institutional






Financial & commercial








Enhance and modernize the legal setup
Enforce a regulatory regime

Environmental concernsIntroduce and implement new tariff strategies
Promote private sector participation
Gradually achieve operation and management and then full cost-recovery

Legal and regulatorySupport a full implementation of the water sector reform
Improve on capitals spending responsibilities
Improve the management of the irrigations sector

Achieve advanced climate change knowledge
Improve water quality, flood mitigation and protection of recharge zone

Awareness and conservation
Implement awareness and conservation campaigns

Maya Srour MoEW Lebanon - Inception Report - JICA Training－ 59 －

8-Jun-16

6. Major Recent Achievements in Improvementof Water Supply Services/Management
2016
Assumptions

2010

Indicator

1.93

Staff /1,000 connections

1,589

Production capacity MCM/year

N.A.

Lebanese Norms
Decree 161/1999

Water Quality

Decree Update
Ongoing

79%

Coverage Area

N.A.

10hrs / day

Supply Duration

N.A.

N.A.

Supply Pressure

N.A.

N.A.

Number of Connections

N.A.

N.A.

NRW

N.A.

47%

Collection Ratio

N.A.

WE: 1,324
MoEW: 110

Staff Number WE + MoEW

WE by law: 4,050
MoEW by law: 597

N.A.

Maya Srour MoEW Lebanon - Inception Report - JICA Training

8-Jun-16

7. Expectations from the Japanese Private
Companies & Water Supply utilities
 To acquire additional experience, knowledge and information

regarding water supply management, administration andmaintenance.
 To understand the best ways to reduce non-revenue water.
 To

gain the knowhow of water quality management andimplementation of water safety plans in order to develop mycontrol and coordination work with the water
establishments.

Maya Srour MoEW Lebanon - Inception Report - JICA Training－ 60 －

8-Jun-16

－ 61 －

WATER SUPPLY ADMINISTRATION FOR BETTERMANAGEMENT
OF WATER SUPPLY SERVICESINCEPTION REPORT PRESENTATION

1. Country
2. Name
3. Position
4. Organization: Malawi: Valentine Kaupa: Distribution Engineer (Northern Zone): The Lilongwe Water Board
JUNE 2016
1

Presentation Outline











General Country Information
MissionManagement of Water Quality
Reduction of Non-Revenue Water
Water Tariff
Water Supply Service Standards / Performance Indicators
Management of Water Supply Service on a Self-Supporting Basis
Major Recent Achievement in Improvement of Water Supply
Services/Management
Expectation for the Japanese Private Companies & Water Supply
Utilities－ 63 －

General Country Profile: Background







Malawi is located on the Eastern part of Southern Africa.
There are four Cities; Lilongwe, Blantyre, Mzuzu and Zomba
Lilongwe is the Capital City and the largest city.
The Lilongwe Water Board (LWB) is a state owned statutory
corporation responsible for supply of water to the City of Lilongwe
LWB abstracts raw water from Lilongwe River which originates from
Dzalanyama Ranges

Whole Country:
Area: 118,484 km2
Population: 16,407,000 Habitants
Coverage Water Supply: Lilongwe Water Board Water Supply System:
Service Area
: 456 km2
Population Served: 800,000 people
Daily water production: over 100,000 cubic meters
Length of pipeline: 2,800km

3

My MissionMission of my organization is to provide adequate watersupply services in a sustainable, efficient and customer
responsive manner
My mission in the organization is to implement the boards
objectives to achieve its vision through team work, personalcommitment to high standard of work and innovation insolving challenges of water supply services
My actual job to achieve the mission is to design, implement,
manage and maintain the organization’s water infrastructure
and oversee day to day operations of water distribution andsupply in the Board’s service area4

－ 64 －

1. Management of Water Quality
The following measures have been put in place to ensure
adherence of LWB’s water to WHO standards
Six stage water treatment process: Raw water screening Natural Sedimentation
 Coagulation and flocculation
 Sedimentation
 filtration
 Disinfection ( + process control tests that are carried out every
3 hours)

5

1. Management of Water Quality cont’d
Raw Water quality control:Rehabilitate and conserve catchment area/water source
Enhance Stakeholder involvement and participation
Improve the policing of detrimental human activities along
the river and at the catchment

Treated Water Quality Control
 Improved Water Quality Monitoring and Testing System (water
analyzers for analyzing heavy metals, equipment used for routine water
analysis such as pH meter, turbidity meters, filtration unit for culture,flocculator etc.)

Customer feedback on water quality (lab tests on water
samples leaving the treatment plant and samples at consumer
tap
Sterilization of new mains, + periodic flushing out－ 65 －

2. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water (NRW)1

Constitution of Non-revenue Water
Revenuewater
Authorized
consumption

Systeminput
volume35,340,000
m3 /year

Water losses

Non
Revenue
Water
(NRW)

Billed authorized
consumption

22,617,600 m3/year(64 %)

Unbilled authorized
consumption(ex. fire fighting,cleaning)

2,120,400 m3
/year
(6%)

Apparent losses( Unauthorized
consumption(i.e. Illegal use), Customer
metering inaccuracies )4,947,600m3
/year
(14%)

Real losses(Leakage)

5,654,400 m3
/year
(16%)
7

2. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water 2
Current measures in place to reduce NRW
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Implementing a NRW strategy
Undertake Water Balance through DMAs
Implement Pressure Management
Reduce apparent losses through registration of all Neverconnected accounts, training of meter readers
Carrying out leak detection exercises -Pilot
planned replacement of mains
Lowering of pipelines
Customer verification exercise
Introduce prepaid meters-Pilot

8－ 66 －

3. Water Tariff
Water consumption is divided into the following
demand/consumption categories Domestic
 Kiosks
 Industrial/Commercial/Institutional Water tariffs vary based on these categories


Lack of realistic water pricing regime

Domestic consumption tariff; K1,100.00 (US$ 1.52) for using
25 drums (5 cubic meters) of water K3,150.00 (US$ 4.38) for using up to 50 drums (10 cubic
meters) of water Rest of information on tariffs is provided on the printed sheet
(Exchange Rate of 1USD=MK720.00 – June 1, 2016)
9

4. Water Supply Service Standards / Performance
Indicators
Element

Indicator

Water coverage

Supply coverage increased to 70%

Water supply distribution across Number of low pressure/no water complaints reduced
the supply area
to 20%
Improved system reliability

Continuity of supply (24 hour supply in most areas)

New water sources developed

Number of new water sources developed e.g.
Lumbadzi groundwater project is near commissioning

Percentage of Non-Revenue
Water reduction• Less occurrence of pipe breaks and leaks• Downward trend in percentage of monthly NRW
since January 2016

Raw water quality and Treatedwater quality• Reduced chemical usage in water treatment• Vegetative cover on river catchment area
• Few customer reports/queries on water quality
10－ 67 －

5. Management of Water Supply Service on a SelfSupporting Basis
Maintenance of all pipeline and small infrastructure upgrades
done by internal revenue Limited financial capacity for infrastructure development
 Major projects e.g. Dam Raising, new Treatment Works, newabstraction point, etc. require loans from institutions like theWorld Bank, European Investment Bank, African Development
Bank All expansion works to the existing mains system are fully
funded by LWB revenue Decentralization of general administration to operationalzones
 Increased revenue collection



11

6. Major Recent Achievement in Improvement of Water
Supply Services/Management (PART1)

2005

INDICATORS

2015

1,800 kmLength of mains

2,600 km

75,000

Production capacity m3/d

120,000

WHO Guidelines

Water quality

WHO Guidelines

51%

Coverage area

70%

14hr/dSupply duration

20hr/d10m

Supply pressure

20m

29,000

Number of connections

45,000

40%

NRW

36%

79%

Collection ratio

85.%

700

Staff number

462

12

－ 68 －

6. Major Recent Achievement in Improvement of
Water Supply Services/Management (PART2)• Upgrading the existing infrastructure for abstraction, treatment anddistribution of water.
• Strengthening the financial sustainability of the Board throughcontainment of costs and improvement of revenue collection thathas seen the Board become a profitable entity.
• Strengthening the capacity of staff through various training
interventions, for them to be able to deliver efficiently andeffectively.
• Strengthening arrangements for dealing with customers throughdecentralized management structures and processes and undertaking
interactive meetings to improve customer relations.

13

6. Major Recent Achievement in Improvement of
Water Supply Services/Management (PART2) Cont’d
Key Challenges• Inadequate and aged infrastructure (treatment production, transport
mains, distribution system);• Environmental degradation resulting in a diminishing water resource interms of quality and quantity;• System vulnerability and weak emergency preparedness in areas of energy
and water sources i.e. currently LWB does not have alternative source ofenergy and water;• Uncoordinated planning by city development stakeholders and inadequate
research reflected in inability to appropriately project the rapid
population growth and urbanization, compounded by uncoordinateddevelopment and growth of the city;• Lack of realistic water pricing regime;• High Non-revenue water;• Poor customer relations;• Inadequate financial capacity for infrastructure development－ 69 －

7. Expectation for the Japanese Private Companies &Water Supply Utilities
Identify best practices from well performing water utilities
that LWB can implement to the advancement of its mission.
 Learn how to achieve customers’ trust and create significant
shareholder value in the process.
 Learn at how Japanese water utility companies are utilizing
available resources to achieve high productivity whilst
satisfying their customer needs15－ 70 －

－ 71 －

Annex 2

ACCEPTED Participants

Water Supply Administration for Better
Managementof Water Supply Services

Inception Report Presentation
1. Country: Nigeria
2. Name: Mr OLATUNJI Bamidele
3. Position: Chief Hydrologist/ Head
Technical Cooperation & Water
Intelligence
4. Organization: F.C.T Water Board

1

Inception Report Presentation
Each applicant is kindly requested to make presentation of Inception
Report (M/S Power Point file with less than 15 slides which cover thefollowing 6 topics about the individual water supply company/public
water supply authority to which the participant is belonged.

Presentation time: 15 minutes including Q/A

6 topics:
1. Management of water quality
 2. Reduction of non-revenue water 3. Water supply service standards
 4. Management of water supply service on a self-supportingbasis
 5. Major recent achievement in improvement of water supply
services/management
 6. Expectation for the Japanese private companies

6 topics should include the content of “Current situation and major
problems, Current actions against the problems and any achievement.”2－ 73 －

General Country Profile: Background

Body sentence of the profile / Background

Nigeria is geographically located in West Africa. Shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon
in the east, and Niger in the north
Most populous country in Africa; Nigeria population as at 2008 was 148,003,542. 374 per sq. mile but projected to 160 million
presently
Land mass area of 923,768 sq.km
Ethnic groups of 250; while Hausa-Fulani, Igbo, Yoruba, and Kanuri are the largest
The official language is English, while Hausa, Igbo, Yoruba, Fulani, Kanuri are common local languages
Nigerians life expectancy as at 2010 was 48.4 years; slight improvement, lowest in WA (UNHD 2010 Report)
The 2010 report, put Nigeria's Human Development Index (HDI) at 0.423, which ranked the country 142 out of 169 countries withcomparable data.
Nigeria has huge water resources potential estimated at 267 billion cubic meters of surface water and 92 billion cubic meters ofground water
The current water supply service coverage in the country is 58%, i.e. 86 million people while sanitation is 32% i.e. 47 million.
In FCT Abuja, water supply service coverage in Federal Capital City (FCC) is around 30%











Whole Country:
Area: 923,768 km2

Population : 160 million Habitants
Coverage Water Supply: <60%

Selected Water Supply System/City:
Service Area : 230

km2

Population Served:

million/ thousand3

Selected Water Supply System/City
Infrastructure:
The Abuja Water Supply Master Plan -frameworks for the provision of infrastructure: It provides for the following facilities in phases:
Raw Water SourceFirst Phase•
LUD (100mcm)
Final Phase•
Gurara Water Transfer Scheme (850mcm)

Water Treatment Plants
12 WTP of 5,000m³ capacity each•
1-Nr to provide for Phases I of FCC•
2-Nr to provide for Phase III•
3-Nr to provide for Phase III•
6-Nr to provide for Final Phases (Phase IV)Transportation and Storage
About 29km 1500mm – 1000mm DI pipe to Tanks 3 & 4 (24,000m³ each), for Phase IAbout 39km 1500mm – 1000mm DI pipe to Tanks 2 & 5(45,000m³ and 40,000m³ respectively), for Phase II
2 lines of Combined lengths of 62km to Tanks 1 & 6 (40,000m³ each, originally 30,000m³ and 40,000m³), for Phase III
3 lines to feed Tanks 7, 8, 9 and 10 (40,000m³, 45,000m³, 45,000m³ and 24,000m³), for the Fourth and Final Phases－ 74 －

My Mission (sharing among participating friends)
Mission of my organization is ……
To be a World Class Utility which is consistent in Excellent Service
Delivery and Uncompromising in the Quality of its product - Potable
Water.

My mission in the organization is …..
To contribute my skills, technical know-how capacity, time andenergy for the production of potable water to entire populace of
Abuja.
My actual job to achieve the mission is ….
 Monitor, coordinates and approved all urban water connections.
 Verify the quality and quantity of materials for water
connections.
 Recommends appropriate metering system for water
connection
 Recommends water connection to urban poor areas
 Coordinates, monitor & evaluate all Donors intervention withFCTWB Support FCTWB/Donor programmes formulation


5

1. Management of Water Quality






1.1. Current Situation
Water quality is monitored from the catchment (Lower Usuma river and its tributaries) to
Lower Usuma Dam to the treatment plants, from the distribution network up to theconsumer end point.
The water storage tanks are periodically washed and disinfected
Both Nigerian Standards for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) and World HealthOrganization (WHO) guidelines were used.

6－ 75 －

Water Quality Challenges










Insufficient treatment plants, laboratory and shortage of reagents
Lack of mobile laboratory
Uncontrolled human activities along the catchment area of the Usuma River and its tributaries
Drain of waste (household & industrial )into the reservoir during rainy season).
Vandalization of water pipes
Restocking of fish by Department of Agric.
Criss crossing of water lines with sewer pipes
Intrusions from expired G.I. pipes
Technology/chemicals

2. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water 1Constitution of Non-revenue Water (If you have the data, please fillin the table ) The Data is still under collection through the JICA
Supported NRW Reduction Project
Revenuewater
Authorized
consumption

Systeminput
volumeWater
lossesNon
Revenue
Water
(NRW)

Billed authorized
consumption

xx m3 /year( %)Unbilled authorized
consumption(ex. fire fighting, cleaning)xx m3 /year( %)Apparent losses( Unauthorized
consumption(i.e. Illegal use),
Customer metering
inaccuracies )xx m3 /year( %)Real losses(Leakage)xx m3 /year( %) 8－ 76 －

2. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water 2
Is a big challenge in FCT; NRW is estimated at 60%
Government of Japan through JICA is currently supportingFCTWB to reduce NRW (2014-2017)
Installation of bulk meters, zonal meters and consumer meters areon-going in the 3 selected PMAs; also isolation valves andchambers construction. Leak detectors & some equipment has
been procured.
Pilot Metering Areas (PMAs) and Sub Metering Areas (SMAs)
have been identified
Training on NRW management is on-going both in Nigeria &
Japan

9

3. Water Tariff

Four (4) types of Tariff plans were implemented: (see tablebelow)
s/no

Tariff Plan

Amount (N:K)

1

Domestic meter rate

80:00/m3

2

Commercial meter rate

150/m33

Domestic flat rate

4,000/month4

Commercial flat rate

30,000/month10－ 77 －

4. Water Supply Service Standards / Performance
Indicators

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Water supply service standard are categorized into thefollowing sub-themes in FCTWB.
Water connection: Types of pipe used for secondary &tertiary: Upvc and PE pipe (25-50mm)
Metering system: Conventional meter, AMR, pre-paid
Staff ratio per connection: over 20
Volume of water treated: less down 30,000m3
Power consumed: monthly
Coverage ratio: less down 40%
NRW: estimated 60%
Water quality: WHO & NWQS Guidelines
Supply duration: 24hrs in FCC ; rationing in Satellite towns

11

5. Management of Water Supply Service on a SelfSupporting Basis
Effort to improve on technical know-how and improve service
delivery through cooperation with JICA
 Effort to conserve & prevent wastages of treated water supply
through jingles and public enlightenment
 Effort to pass the Law establishing FCTWB through advocacy& public enlightenment
 Effort to increase financial base to fund operations theseinclude; metering of all properties
 Effort to increase tariff
 Effort to increase efficiency of use of resources Effort to formulate key performance indicators for better water
magt


12

－ 78 －

6. Major Recent Achievement in Improvement of Water
Supply Services/Management (PART1)
Please fill in variation of the indicators below based on yoursituation!
(Example)
2003or2004?

INDICATORS

2013or2014

50-60

Staff/1,000 connections

22-25

240,000

Production capacity m3/d

400,000

NWQ&WHO

Water quality

NWQ&WHO Guidelines

25%

Coverage area

33%

24hr/dSupply duration<24hr/d2 barSupply pressure<2 bars

33,367

Number of connections<200,000

<50%

NRW

<45%

>60%

Collection ratio

50-60%

1,300

Staff number

798

13

6. Major Recent Achievement in Improvement of Water
Supply Services/Management (PART2)
Completion of treatment plant 3 & 4 with the combined capacity of
20,000m3/hr
 Completion of tank 1 & 6 with combined capacity of 80,000m3
 Kick start Reduction of NRW project by the support of JICA (2014-2017)
 Introduction of Clean energy with Solar Power generation by JICA
 Use of prepayment meter to boost revenue collection
 Introduction of AMR meters to enhance billing efficiency & revenue
generation
 Separation of water lines to high –rise buildings
 Conversion of flat rate billing to metered billing Introduction of stakeholders consultations to enhance customers
satisfaction
14－ 79 －

7. Expectation for the Japanese Private Companies &Water Supply Utilities
Technology and skills transfer to reduce NRW through KCC
 Formulation of performance indicators for FCTWB & watersupply services standards
 Understand and implement water safety plan for WQM topromote better management of water supply services in FCT
 Build my capacity on effective facilities maintenance,
procurement of pipe materials & customers management skills
 Build a network for FDI to water sector of Nigeria Build a network for establishment of local assembly of waterequipment & materials in Nigeria
 Support for the implementation of ‘improvement plan’ for better
management of FCT water supply services on return Financial investment through FDI/ Yen Loans Project15－ 80 －

JICA KNOWLEDGE CO‐CREATION PROGRAM(Group & Region Focus)
WATER SUPPLY ADMINISTRATION FOR BETTERMANAGEMENT OF WATER SUPPLY SERVICES (A)JFY 2016
No. J16‐04389 / ID. 1684472
INCEPTION REPORT ON WATER CORPORATION OFOYO STATE (WCOS), IBADAN.
JUNE 2016

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

INTRODUCTION

The Federal Republic of Nigeria is one of the west African countries.
It is made up 36 states and the Federal capital, Abuja.
The states are grouped into six geographical regions namely: North West, North
East, North Central, South East, South West and South South.
Nigeria is regarded as the most populous country in Africa.
The last census was carried out in 2006 and the population then was put at 140,
OO3, 542
Using a growth index of 3.41% the population of Nigeria as at 2015 can be
estimated to be 189, 322, 341
The Water Demand (Ltr/Day) using 100Ltr per capital = 18,932,234,100 ltr/day.
Public water supply started in Nigeria in the early twentieth century in few towns
and was managed at the lowest administrative level (local Government)
The first Water Corporation was formed in the Western Region in 1966
.Today, all 36 States and the Federal Capital Territory have water
boards/corporations or public utility boards managing their public water supply.
Oyo state is one of the six states in the south west region of Nigeria.
The state was founded in 1976 and it is divided into 33 Local Government, thestate capital is Ibadan.

－ 81 －

INTRODUCTION
MAP OF NIGERIAMAP OF OYO STATE－ 82 －

INFORMATION ABOUT OYO STATE THE WATERCORPORATION OF OYO STATE (WCOS)• According to 2006 census figure, the Population of the state was
5,580,894• Projected Population by 2016 using +3.41% growth index = 7,804,214• Water Demand (Ltr/Day) using 100Ltr per capital = 780,421,400 Litres• WCOS is the parastatal of the state government vested with the
responsibility of providing potable water for human, agriculture,commercial and industrial use.
• Presently, WCOS has Thirteen (13) existing waterworks and four new ones
are under construction.
• The total design production capacity of all the Seventeen (17) waterworks
is about 420 Million Liters per day.
• As such, water production potential in the state is about 50%.
• These seventeen (17) waterworks is spread across twenty (27) out ofThirty‐three (33) local government in the state while the remaining six(6) Local Governments, depend on boreholes, deep wells, streams
and hand dug wells.
• Design capacity, year of commissioning and present production capacity ofthe existing and new waterworks is shown in Table 1 and 2 respectively

INFORMATION ABOUT OYO STATE THE WATERCORPORATION OF OYO STATE (WCOS) CONT’• The oldest and smallest water supply schemes in the state are koso andAtori waterworks. They are still operational and were commissioned in
1935., with design capacity of 1200 litres/day each.
• They are located in Iseyin Local Government area of the state.
• The largest waterworks in the state is the Asejire waterworks located in
Ibadan, the state capital, with a total design capacity of 186,000 litres/day.
• Due to epileptic electricity supply and some other challenges, the present
production capacity of Asejire water supply scheme is 66% .
• The Corporation has total length of distribution network of 956.36Km ofvarious sizes and types of pipes (Abestos Cement (AC), Galvanized Iron
(GI), Cast Iron (CI), Unplasticized Polyvinylchloride (uPVC), Steel, Ductile
Iron (DI) and Reinforced Concrete Pipes (RCP), with AC pipes having thehighest percentage of 74.5%.
• These AC pipes were installed between 1935 and 1972 when the first setof waterworks were constructed.
• Table 3 gives the percentage of various pipe types in the transmission anddistribution network.

－ 83 －

Table 1: EXISTING WATER SUPPLYSCHEMES IN OYO STATE
S/N

TYPE
OF YEAROF PRESSENTWATER
SUPPLY DESIGNCOMMISSION PRODUCTIONSCHEME / BOOSTER CAPACITY TREATMENTCAPACITY (%)
STATION(m3)

REMARK

1

Asejire Waterworks

Epileptic

2phase 182,000Conventional

1972

phase 2104,000

Conventional

1996

Eleyele waterworks

27,000Conventional

1942

66%

electricity

supply and ongoingrehabilitation

50%

Epileptic

electricity

supply3

Ogbomosho

6,600

Conventional

1964

20%

waterworks
4

Oyo waterworks

Epileptic

electricity

supply7,700

Conventional

1964

70%

Epileptic

electricity

supplyandrehabilitation works
on filter beds

TABLE 1 CONT’

S/
N

WATER
SUPPLY DESIGNSCHEME/ CAPACITY
BOOSTER(m3)
STATIONTYPE
OF YEAR OF PRESSENT
TREATMENTCOMMISSI PRODUCTIONONCAPACITY (%)

REMARK

5

Eruwa waterworks

Conventional

Epileptic

electricity

supply,obsolete

3,300

1967

20%

Electomechanicalequipment
6

Shaki waterworks

2,200

Conventional

1967

40%

Epileptic

electricity

supplyandinadequate

electromechanicalequipment
7

Koso waterworks

1,200

Partial

1935

70%

Epileptic
supply,electricity
Obsoleteinadequate
electromechanicalequipment－ 84 －/TABLE 1 CONT’

S/N

WATER
SUPPLY DESIGNSCHEME/ CAPACITY
BOOSTER(m3)
STATIONTYPE
OF YEAROF PRESSENT
TREATMENTCOMMISSIO PRODUCTIONNCAPACITY (%)

REMARK

8

Atori waterworks

PartialEpileptic

1,200

1935

70%

supply,electricity
Obsolete/inadequate
electromechanicalequipment
9

Kishi waterworks

1,980

Conventional

1993

70%

Epileptic power supply
andinadequate

electromechanicalequipment
10

Igbeti waterworks

1,000Partial

2001

10%

Epileptic

electricity

supply and on going
expansion works
11

Agoamodu 500

partial2007

80%

waterworks

Epileptic

electricity

supplyTABLE 1 CONT’S/N

WATER SUPPLY DESIGNSCHEME/ CAPACITY
BOOSTER(m3)
STATIONTYPE
OF YEAR OF PRESSENT
TREATMENTCOMMISSI PRODUCTIONONCAPACITY (%)

REMARK

12

Igboho waterworks

PartialInadequate

1,980

2003

10%

power

supplyandelectomechanicalequipment
13

Osengere

13,500conventional

waterworks

1996

0%

Ongoing

expansionand rehabilitation－ 85 －TABLE 2: WATER SUPPLY SCHEMESUNDER CONSTRUCTIONSCHEME/ DESIGN CAPACITY
(m3)

TYPE
TREATMENTOF COMPLETION TIME

S/N

WATER
SUPPLYBOOSTER STATION

1.

Eleyele mini waterworks

4,800

Conventional

September2016

2

Ilero Waterworks

72,000Slow sandfiltration

2017

3

Iganna mini waterworks

9,600

Conventional

September
2016

4

Ayete waterworks

72,000Slow sandfiltration

2017

DISTRIBUTION NETWORK BREAKDOWN
MATERIALS

Pipe length (m)

AC

CI

DI

GI

uPVC

712,542

18,923

94,717

15,482

52,577

RCP

Total

956,360
62,119% of Total Length

Average Diameter (mm)Average Age (Yr)

74.5

1.98

9.9

1.62

5.5

6.5

131

236

406

64

150

632

50

32

30

17

15

60

－ 86 －

100

THE EDICT, MISSION AND VISION OF THE WATERCORPORATION OF OYO STATE (WCOS)•EDICTWCOS evolve out of the then Western Region of Nigeria throughthe enabling WCOS edict No. 24 of 1977 and as reviewed by the
WCOS (Amendment) law 2006.
• MISSION
To provide efficient, cost effective and sustainable production anddistribution of potable water for human, agriculture and industrial
uses through operation and maintenance of all necessary waterproduction and distribution infrastructure on behalf of Oyo State
Government.
• VISION
To be an all time best performing Agency of Government of Oyo
State that would ensure un‐interrupted provision of potable water
both for drinking and industrial development purposes of Oyo Stateat reasonable charges with improved healthy living and enhancedsocial and economic activities as the resultant effects.

Notable Challenges and Action Plan••

Notable Challenges
Non availability of regular and adequate electricity supply to all Water Supply
Schemes and Booster Stations
Inadequate and aged reticulation system/pipe networks throughout Oyo State• Old and depreciated Water treatment facilities / Water Supply Schemes in
the State.
• Willful damage to various facilities of Water Corporation, especially, pipeline,
and Electric power cables.
• High Operational Cost
• High Level of Non‐Revenue Water• Low Revenue Generation
Action Plan
• Rehabilitation & Expansion of existing Water Supply Schemes• Replacement of the aged pipelines• Extension of water pipelines to new areas within the State• Purchase and Installation of Alternative Energy Sources (Gas Plant)• Consumers Enumeration and use of Geographical Information System (GIS)
Services• Policy Reform and Institutional Development Program• Management, Commercialization and Technical Support Program• Construction of New Waterworks• Capacity Building and Technical Training Program－ 87 －

MANAGEMENT OF WATER QUALITY
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

The existing policy on water quality is the compliance with the Nigerian Standards
for Drinking Water and the World Health Organization Standards for Drinking
Water.
It is absolutely unacceptable for quality deficient water to be supplied to the public
for consumption.
The policy and its practice have contributed to the absence of water borne
diseases in Oyo State despite the large population being served.
Most essentially emphasis is placed on physio‐chemical and bacteriologicalproperties of water before it can be allowed for public consumption.
Average test result of some Quality Parameters is:
Residual Chlorine = 0.8mg/Ltr
pH=
7.2
Nitrate ion= 0.01mg/Ltr
Iron(II) = 0.01mg/Ltr
Coliform count =0mg/Ltr
Samples of treated water are taken for test on hourly bases before release to the
public and randomly at consumers’ taps.
Chemicals used for treatment are Alum sulphate, lime and chlorine gas or HTH in
the small schemes.
Figure 1 shows the process of water treatment used in WCOSSCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF WATER TREATMENTDAMAERATORINJECTION OF
ALUM

CLARIFIERINJECTION OF
CHLORINE

FILTERCHAMBER

DISTRIBUTION－ 88 －

CLEAR
WATER
TANK

HIGHLIFTPUMPELEVATEDTANKREDUCTION OF NON‐REVENUE WATER
Currently, the percentage rating of Non‐Revenue Water is about 40%
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO NON‐REVENUE WATER• Metering Problem• Leak Detection Problem• Inadequate Human Capacity Development• Distribution Network Leakages• Unbilled Metered Consumption• Unmetered Consumption• Illegal Connection / Water Theft• Metering Inadequacies and Poor Data Handling• Slow Response to Leakages• Lack of Water Tracking Devices• Poor handling of Billing Software• Poor Revenue Collection System

REDUCTION OF NON‐REVENUE WATER
CONT’
As at now, essential steps being taken to reduce
Non‐revenue water include• Adoption of Metering System• Use of Geographical Information System (GIS)
on distribution networks (in pipe line)• Reduction of illegal connection / water theft• Provision of network maintenance－ 89 －

WATER SUPPLY SERVICE STANDARDS• Meet with the provision in the existing
establishing edict.
• To cover the social service responsibility of theGovernment• To meet the water right of every citizen of Oyo
State• To meet the utmost delight of the consumers
in terms of quality and quantity• To serve the interest of Oyo State Government
and its people in the area of food security

MANAGEMENT OF WATER SUPPLYSERVICE ON A SELF‐SUPPORTING
BASIS
•
•
•
•

Currently WCOS is a parastatal of the Government
It is enjoying a semi‐Autonomous status
The Corporation produce and distribute, then generate revenue
The revenue generated is used by the Corporation to cover part‐
payment of staff salary and running of Day‐to‐Day operational
activities of water provision.
• The Corporation operates under the Civil Service rules andregulations• The Government sustains the Corporation in the areas of monthly
subvention, payment for electricity consumed, purchase of andWater Treatment Chemicals and executing Capital Projects• The new focus is to grant the Corporation full Autonomy under
Commercial Principles that will be self‐ sustaining. (Corporatization)－ 90 －

RECENT ACHIEVEMENTS IN
IMPROVEMENT OF WATER SUPPLY• Water Production and Distribution was raised from 10% as
at Year 2001 to 65% as at Year 2015
• Water Production potential of Oyo State was 242 million
Litres per day as at Year 2011. It is expected to reach about
420 Million Liters per day by the end of 2017.
• Accessibility of water is being increased from 20% to 80%
under the Water Supply and Sanitation Improvement
Projects being co‐financed by the African Developmental
Bank• Rehabilitation of number of existing Waterworks which
improved their production efficiency• Construction of new water supply schemes

EXPECTATION FOR THE JAPANESE PRIVATE
COMPANIES AND EXPECTATION TOWARD THE
PROGRAM
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Foreign Investors in the following areas:
Assistance in Non Revenue Water Reduction
Providing technical assistance in form of training, especially on operation andmaintenance, to professionals in the Corporation.
Providing information on other cost effective alternative electricity power
supply and methods of minimizing electricity cost.
Full rehabilitation of existing waterworks
Construction of New waterworks to meet with the water demand of the
populace
Production and Laying of pipes to improve the reticulation systems
Provision of technical support services e.g. Geographical Information System(GIS), Commercial, Policy Reform and Management restructuring services
Provision of Alternative Power Supply e.g. Gas Power Plant, Solar Power Plant
etc.
Opportunities for Public Private Partnership especially in the areas ofinfrastructures operation and maintenance.

－ 91 －

－ 93 －Knowledge Co-Creation Program
Water Supply Administration for Better
Management Of Water Supply Services
No. J16 – 04389 / ID. 1684472

Inception Report Presentation
 Country: State Of Palestine.
 Name: Nour Eddine Mansour.
 Position: Maintenance Engineer.
 Organization : Palestinian Water Authority.
 Department : West Bank Water Department
20161* Country Profile :(1). Boundaries of Palestine:- West: The Mediterranean Sea.
- East: Kingdom of Jordan.
- North: Lebanon & Syria.
- South: Egypt.

(2). Area of Palestine:- The historical area of Palestine about 27,009 Km2.

(3). Capital of Palestine:- Jerusalem which became known as Al-Quds.
- Divided into East and West after 1967 war.

(4). Time Zone:- G.M.T+2 hours (in winter) G.M.T+3 hours (in summer).
2－ 95 －

* Country Profile :(5). Climate of Palestine :- A Mediterranean climate.
(a). Summer ( hot and dry ).
(b). Winter ( cold and rainy ).

(6). Language:(a). Arabic : Official Language.
(b). English : Large percentage of the population.

(7). Population:(a). West Bank :Area ( 5572 Km2 ) , Population ( 2.9 M ).
(b). Gaza Strip :Area ( 0367 Km2 ) , Population ( 1.8 M ).

4

－ 96 －

West Bank Water Department ( WBWD ) :Background:* WBWD was a branch of the Jordanian natural resources authority.
* In the year 1966 a branch was established in Jerusalem.
* After June of the year 1967, the Israeli occupation and as result ofa military order made by a military ruler, the name of the department
was changed from natural resources authority to WBWD and assigning
an Israeli officer to look after it.
* In 1996, Control over WBWD was relinquished by Israel to thePalestinian National Authority.
* WBWD is a governmental institution ,producing, purchasing anddistributing potable water for the Palestinian communities inaffordable price and insure good quantities of water with high quality.
5

West Bank Water Department ( WBWD ) :Authority of The WBWD:(1). The Water Department has regional authority for monitoring, implementing andinspection on the water resources in the west bank as well as maintenance ofwater pipe networks.
(2). Reading of water meters of cities and regional councils and the issuance ofnotes regarding consumed water by these cities and regional councils.
(3). Preparation of detailed plans, specifications and tenders to implement different
water projects for these cities and regional councils. Also complete monitoringover these projects.
(4). Giving assistance regarding water issues for semi-governmental establishments
and the rest of the municipalities, in addition to providing consultancy services.
(5). Working on permissions issuance for water projects, water reservoirs, wells
and main pipelines in all parts in the West Bank.
6－ 97 －My Mission in my organization :Maintenance Engineer - Stations Department.
Northern Area of the West Bank.
My Actual Job :(1). Preparation of necessary technical reports regarding
wells stations.
(2). Responsible for all maintenance operations for thenorthern production wells.
(3). Inspection of pumps, equipment and stations,
Identifying and fixing malfunction.
(4). Following up rehabilitation projects of the wells withthe donors.
(5). Following up all pumping operations from theproduction wells to the municipalities and regional
councils through transmission pipelines.
(6). Following up installation of well pumps and boosters.

7

1. Management Of Water Quality :* Safe Water : the definition of safe drinking
water according to the World Health Organization
Guidelines is “does not represent any significant
risk to health over the lifetime of consumption,
including different sensitivities that may occur
between life stages.”* Safe Water Characteristics :(a). Free of Pathogenic organisms.
(b). Clear, tasteless and colorless.
(c). Low in concentrations of toxic compounds.
(d). No interaction with transmission pipes, fitting &storage containers.
* PWA conducts chemical and biological tests toassure quality control of water in its own lab.
* Water quality is checked by the Palestinian
Ministry of Health( MOH ) at all sites.
8－ 98 －

1. Management Of Water Quality :* All water quality tests carried out in the WBWD with accordance to the WHO standards.
* The following table shows the performance indicators relating to water quality.
•( Unit: % )Key Performance Indicators

2012

2013

01. Samples (in the main supply lines) containing
free chlorine residual (CR).

100

93.43

02. Samples (taken at source) free from total
coliform contamination.

80

100

03. Samples (taken at source) free from fecal
coliform contamination.

98

100

04. Samples (in the main supply lines) free fromtotal coliform contamination.

95.83

100

05. Samples (in the main supply lines) free fromfecal coliform contamination.

100

100

06. Microbiological tests carried out.

3.56

56.00

No.

9

2. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water (NRW ):* NRW is a water which is supplied (produced and purchased)
but not paid for due to : technical losses (leakage) ,Not billedwater, illegal connections, Poor water meter performanceand Inaccurate reading and accounting of metered flows.
* Palestine is a special case in the region because of politicaland security situation.
* In Palestine control over the different areas is not directly
the responsibility of the PA forces, and that leads to inability
to reach many areas which are under Israeli control to makerehabilitation and stop illegal connections.
* Despite all the obstacles, PWA makes all efforts to improvewater situation and reducing non revenue water by all means
available ( rehabilitations projects, flow monitoring , installing
new pipelines with different diameters ,….. etc ).
* Percentage of NRW ( 2007 – 2015 ) : ( Unit: % )
2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

10.61

14.26

12.18

18.94

12.78

11.34

12.58

14.99

13.85

－ 99 －

10

2. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water : ( 01/01/2015 – 31/12/2015 )SystemInput
Water
84,320,517
m3/year( 100% )Authorized Revenue Billed authorized
consumption
water
consumption
72,638,866
m3/yearUnbilled( 86.15% )authorized
consumption
Water
losses
11,681,651
m3/year( 13.85% )Non
Revenue
Water
(NRW)

Apparent losses( Unauthorized
consumption )Real losses(Leakage)

72,515,644
m3 /year( 86.0%)126,480.775
m3 /year( 0.15 %)8,432,051
m3 /year( 10.0 % )3,246,339
m3 /year( 3.85 %)3. Water Tariff in WBWD : ( 01/01/2015 To 31/12/2015 )* Source Of Water in WBWD:- The main sources of drinking water in the West Bank Water Department are :(a). 19 production wells managed by WBWD : Cost Per m3 : ( 0.565 $ ).
(b). Purchased water from the (Israeli) Water Companies, Mekorot and Hagihon.
- The following table shows water tariff in WBWD : ( 1$ = 3.8 NIS )

No.

01.

Source Of Water

MekerotCategory(million m3 )Cost price
WBWD
(USD)

Selling price
To Customers(USD)

1.0 – 46.160> 46.160

0.753
0.949

0.684

02.

Mekorot(Bardalah)

-

0.139

0.108

03.

Hagihon

-

1.299

0.815

04.

WBWD wells

-

0.565

0.684

－ 100 －

4. Water Supply Service Standards / Performance Indicators.
* A performance monitoring system for water andwastewater services is essential for improving
the quality of services.
* Key performance indicators (KPIs) offer a soundand internationally accepted form of measure ofservice quality and allow for transparent andobjective comparisons between different providers.
* Key performance indicators (KPIs) of WBWD :A. Technical Indicators :No.

Key Performance Indicators

2012

2013

Unit

01.

Non-revenue water

11.34

12.59

%

02.

Non-revenue water per km in the
supply lines per year.

14,847

17,656m3

4. Water Supply Service Standards / Performance Indicators.
B. Financial Indicators :No.

Key Performance Indicators

2012

2013

Unit

03.

Working Ratio.

1.26

1.47

No.

04.

Collection efficiency.

62.35

31.60

%

05.

Operating costs per m3 of water sold.

0.821

0.968

USD

5.1.

Personnel costs per m3 of water sold.

0.031

0.034

USD

5.2.

Water purchase costs (at purchase point)
per m3 of water sold.

0.605

0.747

USD

5.3.

Energy costs per m3 of water sold.

0.128

0.132

USD

5.4.

Other operating costs per m3 of water sold.

0.057

0.055

USD

C. Water Quality Indicators :Kindly See 6 KPIs in Slide No.9, Management Of Water Quality.
D. Other :No

Key Performance Indicators

12. Staff Productivity Index

2012

2013

Unit

0.58

0.62

No.

－ 101 －

5. Management of Water Supply Service on a Self-Supporting Basis :* WBWD is a governmental institution, therefore, the source of its own
budget is the Palestinian Ministry of finance.
* The cost of purchasing and producing drinking water in the West Bankare expensive.
* The Palestinian government is supporting the price of water in Palestine.
* WBWD is the bulk water supplier for water service providers, and it supplies
water at a fixed rate of 0.684 $/m3 which is less than its cost .
* Operating costs per cubic meter of water sold is high compared to a selling
price, added to that, operational costs of the water department of the Israeli
civil administration are carried onto the WBWD.
* WBWD reported a major decline in collection efficiency to a low of 31.6%
for 2013 compared to 62.35% for 2012. This decline is due to lack ofcommitment from water service providers in paying water bills.
* Low collection efficiency, high non-revenue water, insufficient revenues,
combined with the additional contested charges have placed the WBWD ina poor financial state.

5. Management of Water Supply Service on a Self-Supporting Basis :* Example : ( 01/01/2015 – 31/12/2015 )Financial Indicator

Unit

Value

%

Produced Water

m3

20,492,399 24.30

Purchased Water

m3

63,828,118 75.70

Quantity of billed waterm3

72,638,866 86.15

Non Revenue Water ( NRW )m3

11,681,651 13.85

Amount of water sales invoiced

USD

48,095,056-

Collection thru Ministry of Finance

USD

5,898,196

12.25

Cash Collections of water fees

USD

15,524,377 32.25

Collections thru local bodies

USD

996,117

02.07

Cost of purchased water

USD

59,907,589-

Cost of produced water

USD

11,593,337-

Other costs related to water service

USD

863,529-

Total Deficit

Total
84,320,517 m3

84,320,517 m3
48,095,056 USD*

46.50 %

72,364,455 USD*

- 24,269,399 USD－ 102 －

6. Major Recent Achievement in Improvement of Water Supply
Services / Management ( PART1 ) :2007

INDICATORS

2015

160,000

Production capacity m3/d

231,000

WHO Guidelines

Water quality

WHO Guidelines

85 %Coverage area ( Customers )97 %13 ‐ 24 hr/d

Supply duration

15 ‐ 24 hr/d

10 – 25 bar

Supply pressure

10 ‐ 25 bar

371

Number of Bulk connections

439

11 %

NRW

14 %

31 %

Collection ratio

46%

106

Staff number

234•

WBWD is the bulk water provider in the West Bank.

•

Water Supply lines length : 1,170 km.

6. Major Recent Achievement in Improvement of Water Supply
Services / Management ( PART 2 ) :* Despite of the obstacles and difficulties faced due to the Israeli occupation
and almost complete control over water resources which are mainly theright of the Palestinian side.
* PWA has worked on the development of water sector in Palestine in all
ways and means available in collaboration with partners and friends in thedonor countries, municipalities and the services councils.
* During the past few years, PWA has implemented several development
projects in the infrastructure of the water sector in the communities andvillages that suffer from a lack of sanitation and drinking water sources.
* Those projects have contributed to alleviating the suffering of the citizens
and improve the standard of living in those areas.
* The following table shows an example for some of those projects
in the west bank:－ 103 －

6. Major Recent Achievement in Improvement of Water Supply
Services / Management ( PART 2 ) :No.

Task Order Name

Value
(USD)

Year

Status(% )01.

Qabatiya Well Pump Station
And Conveyance System Project

7,708,760

2016

100

02.

Well Flow Monitoring Project

4,950,980

2015

100

03.

Well Rehabilitation Project( Arrabah & Sanur ) , ( Saadah )

14,721,856

2016
2014

100

04.

Nahaleen Main Pipeline Project( 4”, 6”, 8”, 10” and 12” )12,214,885

2015

100

05.

Deir Sha’ar Main Pipeline Project( 4”, 6”, 8”, 12” and 30” )16,512,214

2015

100

6. Major Recent Achievement in Improvement of Water Supply
Services / Management ( PART 2 ) :No.

Task Order Name

Value
(USD)

Year

Status(% )06.

Deir Sharaf Main Pipeline Project( 4”, 6”, 10” and 12” )6,859,034

2015

100

07.

Reef Dura Pipeline ( 8” )110,000

2015

100

08.

Ras Al Tawil Project Phase 1A

4,462,836

2015

100

09.

NEJ Phase (1)( Elevated Reservoir + Booster station )11,045,919

2016

Ongoing

10.

South West Jenin ( SWJ ) Water Project( Elevated reservoir, Booster Station,
Internal Water Network And Construction
5 on ground reservoirs )12,949,433

2017

Ongoing

The Total Value of the above projects is ( 91,535,917 $ )－ 104 －

7. Expectation for the Japanese Private Companies
and Water Supply Utilities.
* Japan was the first non-Western country to successfully
modernize its society and industrialize its economy.
* We are looking for acquaint of accumulated Japanese privatecompanies experiences on water supply administration andtechnologies.
* Capacity building on administration, management, operationand maintenance.
* Gaining more experience in supply of safe, stable quantities
of drinking water for many more people in my country.
* Supporting our country with all recent technologies inmanagement of water supply services.
* Providing training programs in water utilities development.

－ 105 －

Water Supply Administration for Better
Managementof Water Supply Services
Inception Report Presentation

1. Country: Palestine
2. Name: Saleh Mustafa
3. Position: Water Engineer
4. Organization: T-JWSSC
1

Inception Report Presentation



Presentation time: 15 minutes including Q/A

7 topics:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Management of water quality
Reduction of non-revenue water
Water supply service standards
Water tariff
Management of water supply service on a self-supportingbasis
Major recent achievement in improvement of water supply
services/management
Expectation for the Japanese private companies
2－ 106 －

General Country Profile
Background

Whole Country:
Area:

Population :5572

km2 (WB) and 367 km2 (GS)(2,9 M) (WB) and (1.8 M) (GS) Habitants

Selected Water Supply System/City:
Service Area :

83

km2

Population Served: 49,900

thousand3

My MissionMission of my organization is

To secure safe and potable water for people within area of
responsibilityMy mission in the organization is

To work on achieving my organization’s missionMy actual job to achieve the mission is

Water Engineer / technical department

4－ 107 －

1. Management of Water Quality


T-JWSSC buys water from WBWDWBWD is the national body in charge of water supply to Municipalities andjoint councils



WBWD is responsible on assurance of supplying water satisfying WHO
standards



MOH is responsible on making periodic tests on water samples taken fromwater sources and networks

We have no water laboratory to monitor water quality



We are trying to secure fund to cover preparing the lab or at least getting
movable water quality test tools5

2. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water 1

Non-revenue Water (2015)

Authorized
consumption
Systeminput
volume1,350,030cm

Waterlosses

Revenue
water

Non
Revenue
Water
(NRW)

Billed authorized
consumption

1,015,323 m3/yr.

( 75.2%)

Unbilled authorized
consumption(ex. fire fighting, cleaning)

0 m3 /yr.
( 0 %)

Apparent losses andReal losses(Leakage)

334,707cm
m3 /year( 24.8%)6－ 108 －

2. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water 2



PPWM



Monitoring water meters

SCADA systemRehabilitation of the networks

Electronic tools

7

3. Water Tariff

Package (m3)Tariff ($)

1-10

1.04

11-20

1.3

21-30

1.82

>30

2.6

Connection fees 190 $A project to evaluate the tariff is going on

8－ 109 －

4. Water Supply Service Standards / Performance
Indicators
Consumption rate 60 l/c/d% domestic consumption 92.92%

% bulk consumption 7.08%



NRW 23.95%



Average selling price 1.44$/cube

Samples containing free RC (network) 88.07%

Samples free from total coliform (source) 83.33%



Samples free from total coliform (network) 96.35%

Samples free from fecal coliform (source) 91.67%



Samples free from fecal coliform (network) 96.35%

Samples free from nitrate (source) 100%

Microbiological tests carried out 489.64%
95. Management of Water Supply Service on a SelfSupporting Basis

T-JWSSC started in June, 2013 as a joint council of 3 localities

Work under the umbrella of MOLGHave BOD , EM, 19 employees

Buy water in bulk from WBWD

Income from water bills onlyResponsible on 6 tanks, 3 booster stations, and the network10－ 110 －

6. Major Recent Achievement in Improvement of Water
Supply Services/Management (PART1)

Before TJC

INDICATORS

2014

1.3

Staff/1,000 connections

3.08

0

Production capacity m3/d0WHO

Water quality

WHO Guidelines

65%

Coverage area

90%

1d/w

Supply duration

24hr/d

1‐13 bars

Supply pressure

1‐13 bars

5750

Number of connections

6500

55%

NRW

24%

40%

Collection ratio

67%

5‐10

Staff number

20
11

6. Major Recent Achievement in Improvement of
Water Supply Services/Management (PART2)

T-JWSSCSCADA systemRehabilitation and extension for networkNew 4 tanks and 2 booster stations

12－ 111 －

Village

Tubas

Before JWSSC• Poor Water service• problems in water resources andnetworks• source : agriculture wells andTammoun wellNow•source from Tubas andTammoun wells.
•24 hr service•Rehabilitation project is going on•New network• Water by Trucking

Tammoun•24 hr. services• source :Agriculture wells and thenfrom Tammoun well .
•Still have problems• Poor Water service

Aqqaba•Rehabilitation project is going on• problems in resources and network• source Qabatiya well.
•still uses trucks

Tayaseer•No water service•Water by Trucking•Network project is going on

7. Expectation for the Japanese Private Companies &Water Supply Utilities


Expect more than could imagineVery low NRWVery high quality waterHigh quality water service management

Advance tools, equipment, and softwares



Full coverage water supply

14－ 112 －

－ 113 －WATER SUPPLY ADMINISTRATIONFOR BETTER MANAGEMENT OF
WATER SUPPLY SERVICEINCEPTION REPORT:Country: REPUBLIC OF SOUTH SUDAN
NAME: ELNOUR JOSEPH SULE TANGONPOSITION: AG/AREA MANAGER, JUBA STATIONORGANISATION:SSUWC/JUBEK STATE JUBA.

BACKGROUND:
 Juba station was build in 1939,rehabilitated in

1974,and finally in 2009 the expanded to 7,200m3/day.
 Number of staff is 160 persons.
 Area: not determined Service area: sporadic/71 km lenghth Population: About one(1) million.
 Population served: about 100,000 people.
 Water supply coverage:10%－ 115 －

Juba Water Distri.system

1-2. Specification of transmission
and distribution system
 Transmission and distribution pipeline
Material

Length (m)%Asbestos cement (AC)49,041

69%

Galvanized iron (GI)

1,295

2%

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

16,40323%

Steel (ST)

4,575

6%

Total (m)71,314100%－ 116 －

Water supply system/Juba

Currently the plant is composedof the following departments.
Area
Manager
Admin. &HR

Water
PurificationRevenue
Accounts－ 117 －

Water
DistributionProjects &planning

Management of Water Quality.
(Daily, Weekly & Monthly sampling)
Sampling locations: taps and tanks
 Household taps

Monitoring operation.

－ 118 －

Experiment to produce cleaner water(Filter backwash test)

Filter backwash

Some time after filtration of settled
water, filter becomes stacked withdirty materials, and filter has to be
washed to restore its function

Old method:

Air blower: 3 minutes
Water backwashing: 4~5 minutes
Frequency: 2~3 times/filter/day

New method: 5 minutes: 10 minutes: 1 times

Reduction of Non revenue water Non revenue water(NRW):40%.
 Leakage ratio: very high.
 Daily supply:

NRW reduction strategy.
• Monitoring & reporting• distribution Dept. Standby maintanance team.
• Avail spare parts such fittings.

－ 119 －Leak repair Activity.

Water supply service standards
Our goal as a utility is to provide
excellent service of pure drinking
water in conformity with theworld standards andspecifications e.g South Sudan
water quality, WHO and Iso.
－ 120 －

Management of water supply
service in self‐supporting basis.

 Revenue collected is being used for operation andmaintenance of the utility:
1. Fuel
2. Fittings.
3. Motivation.
4. Facilitation of JICA Grant Aid project.
5. Repair of vehicles.

Pump repair activity－ 121 －

Achievements in improvement ofwater supply
 Installation of a new 330kva power generator.
 Extension of distribution network by 3 km.
 Purchasing of chemicals E.g. Alum & chlorine.
 Repair of leakages, sustaining old vehicles & damaged

pumps.
 Removal of obstacles hampering the grant aid projectof JICA.

Expectation for the Japanese
private companies.
 Water supply materials such as:
1. Pipes
2. Meters
3. Leak detection equipments.
4. Pumps.
5. Fittings.
6. Laboratory instruments.

－ 122 －

Expectation toward the program• New knowledge and technology shall be gained.
• New experiences and relationships.

Proposed grant aid Distribution－ 123 －

－ 125 －Annex 2

Water Supply Administration for Better
Managementof Water Supply Services
Inception Report Presentation
1. Country: SUDAN
2. Name:Modawi Ibrahim M. Ahamed
3. Position:Director of Foreign Aid Dept.
4. Organization:DWSU –MoWRI&E

1

General SUDAN Profile:Background•Capital Khartoum Official languages Arabic, English Area 1,88,068 km2 Population estimate 2014: 37,289,406

Water and sanitation 2014
MICS Indicator

Indicator

Description

Use of improved drinking
water sources

Percentage of household members using improved sources ofdrinking water

68.0

Water treatment

Percentage of household members in households using
unimproved drinking water who use an appropriate treatment
method4.1

Use of improved sanitation

Percentage of household members using improved sanitation
facilities which are not shared

32.9

4.4

Safe disposal of child’s faeces

Percentage of children age 0‐2 years whose last stools were
disposed of safely

53.0

4.5

Place for handwashing

Percentage of households with a specific place for hand washingwhere water and soap or other cleansing agent are present

25.8

4.6

Availability of soap or othercleansing agent

Percentage of households with soap or other cleansing agent

55.4

4.1

MDG 7.8

4.2

4.3

MDG 7.9

Value

16.06.2016 Seite 2－ 127 －

2

My Mission (sharing among participating friends)

Mission of my organization is: Responsibility for water supply andsanitation in the country is vested on the Ministry of Water Resources andElectricity (MoWRE)/ Drinking Water and Sanitation Unit (DWSU) ,with a
responsibility for planning and implementation of national water andsanitation supply projects, provision of technical and financial support tonational investment projects and to state authorities’ , up keeping ofstandards and training of staff and development of the sector polices andstrategies , supervision of the nationalist character projects, and loans andgrants coordination , guidelines and standers Procurement and supply
water State Corporations with all water inputs (materials, equipment, andchemical….etc.).To ensure providing adequate and equitable andaffordable safe drinking water and sanitation for all.
 My mission in the organization is : Responsible for administrate andmanage implementation and operation and maintains of many schemes
and water facilities in the development program in different states in
Sudan and water emergency respond water facilities , and his role to avail
administrative guidance to projects mangers as technical back up and tobuild their capacities for better performance and to introduce new
innovation to be adopted.
 My actual job to achieve the mission is: Water Environmental
Sanitation Program National Coordinator, directorate of foreign aid
projects and as coordinator of Water Sector reform3

Inception Report Presentation
1-Management of water quality••

DWSU is committed to improve water quality by reducing pollution,
eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous
chemicals and materials by applied Sudanese Standards for water
quality introduced by SSMO with contribution from DWSU basedon WHO standers , supporting states by institutional and humancapacity building to manage the water quality in their water supply
systems, , preparedness for interventions in emergency mode andtechnical support and monitor performance of water provider(SWCs, Water facilities & private sector) in the country .
The major challenges and problems are : adoption of standards byservice providers , institutional and human capacities , supply
chain , high turbidity during the rainy season , water quality against
water quantity , financing and Implementation of Water Safety
Plans .

4

－ 128 －

Inception Report Presentation•

1- Management of water quality:

Removing of the bottlenecks : monitor adoption of standers,
working with water authorities to build capacities , using revolving
fund to maintain supply chain , introduced technical solutions tomange high turbid water , and up grade facilities to match theneeds in peak periods, Also allocation of enough budgets toprovide chemicals and advanced equipment for testing.

5

Inception Report Presentation
2-Reduction of non-revenue water:

The flat rate system was widely adopted in Sudan water facilities incollecting revenue, few of them depend on metering system ,calculating of non –revenue water is depend on estimations rather
than real calculation formula , beside using bad quality of water meterin other hand in water facilities whom introduce metering system .
 The non paid bills , non authorized connections, poor operation andmaintains and monitoring programs , low skills for computing nonrevenue water contribute to have low cabbalists of counting andreduction of non-revenue water .
 Linkage of water bill with electricity bills ,introducing good quality
water meters , introducing O & M system , control of un-authorized
connections and introduce community participation for quick contact
in case of pipe burst or leakages
apart of problem solving
mechanism.
6－ 129 －

Inception Report Presentation
upply
ervicestandards
3-aterW
SSS
Drinking water and sanitation unit (DWSU ) formulate about 11
guidelines standard manuals for water systems, design and technicalspecifications which distributed widely within water sector to allconcern partners .
 This guidelines are not fully adopted , due to insufficient fellow up
and lose accountability among sector partners , they need up
grading to suit new demand for more issues to be talked , and tosome extent availability of high quality materials standard supplies inlocal market .
 Review of those standards are planned ,including dissection andaction around accountability and functionality, up grading andexplore and produce addition manuals which are not captured allneeds.


7

Inception Report Presentation
4-Reduction of non-revenue water:The flat rate system was widely adopted in Sudan water facilities incollecting revenue, few of them depend on metering system ,calculating of non –revenue water is depend on estimations rather
than real calculation formula , beside using bad quality of water meterin other hand in water facilities whom introduce metering system .
The non paid bills , non authorized connections, poor operation andmaintains and monitoring programs , low skills for computing nonrevenue water contribute to have low cabbalists of counting andreduction of non-revenue water .
Linkage of water bill with electricity bills ,introducing good quality
water meters , introducing O & M system , control of un-authorized
connections and introduce community participation for quick contact
in case of pipe burst or leakages
apart of problem solving
mechanism.

8－ 130 －

Inception Report Presentation
5‐Management of water supply service on a self‐supporting
basis:
Most of Water facilities in Sudan have repayable finance,
following a policy based on partially self‐autonomy basis withshared administration between the Gov. and water board ,Government always provide investment cost , from revenues
the facilities covered O &M cost. The Government
management system.
Due to low water tariff financing gap which lead of poor servesdelivery , loss of skill staff , shorting of the life span of thewater facility , customer satisfaction, accordingly replacement
and new extension are not affordable.

9

Inception Report Presentation
6‐ Major recent achievement in improvement of watersupply services/management: :• Conducted Bottleneck analysis to identify shortfalls within
existing institutions, capacities and proposed remedial
measures to ensure sustainable service delivery for all.
Identified major interventions needed to harmonize & alignSDGs and Sudan Quarter Century plan Targets to ensure
water and sanitation for all.Plan to: Endorse draft Water
Supply and Sanitation Policy; Develop a New WaSH Strategic
Plan (2017‐2020); Undertake Sector Assessment ,Establishment of the Sector Coordination, Needs and Gaps
Assessment of the WASH M&E system, Strengthen thecapacity of the institutions to deliver and, Review and update
regulations and laws for harmonization• Building Water and Sanitation atlas which will guideformulation of strategic plan 2017‐2021 called Zero Thrust 10
Plan.
－ 131 －

Inception Report Presentation
6‐Major recent achievement in improvement of watersupply services/management: :Outcomes• 37% of the population of Sudan used piped water in theirhouses while 68 % of them find the safe water when theyneeded.78% of the population in the towns have access tosafe drinking water .
• A Proposed Sector reform and institutional capacity building
is driven by political will and Government leadership toimprove enabling environment to achieve considerable
progress in water targets to meet SDGs ,• Linkage and harmonization among the sector and inter‐
sectoral engagement to ensure sanitation and water for all
Next Steps• Implementation of sector reform program financed by AfDB
and Government• Ongoing formulation of a strategic framework for scaling up11
water a partnership between government Donors UN

The big picture: current sector outlook

Urban

Water
Rural

Total
Surface water

Unimproved

Urban:
Rural:
Total:

78%
63%

68%

Sanitation
Rural

Unimproved

Improved

Shared

Piped

Improved% of population with access toimproved water sources in 2015:-

Open
defecation

Urban% of population with access to improved
sanitation facilities in 2015:- Urban: 57%- Rural: 22%- Total:Based on MICS Data 2014
－ 132 －

33%

Total

The big picture: what are the Challenges ?
Challenges
Water•

Sanitation/ Hygiene
29% of the pop. practicing Open Defecation

drinking Surface Water•

30% of the pop. using unimproved sanitation facilities•

32% of the population using
unimproved water sources•

45.8% schools without basic hygiene and sanitation
facilities•

33% of Schools without basic

11% of the population still

Safelymanagedwater facilities% gap in access to improved•
water sources between:- Rural and urban population: 14%‐ Highest and lowest wealthquintiles: 50.5%-•.

Equitable•

Quality/availability/
accessibility.

Universal•% gap in access to improved sanitation between:- Rural and urban population : 35%‐ Highest and lowest wealth quintiles: 72%-% of population using an• % of pop. who using improved sanitation that is:
improved water sources that NOT shared 33%
are:Located on premises 37%
Where faecal waste safely disposed in situ
 Available when needed/ transported and treated offsite 41%
68% Free fromcontamination 68%

With Handwashing with soap and water 26%

Inception Report Presentation
7‐Expectation for the Japanese private companies:
Learn new Techniques& technology in Water supply
services administration and management .
Enhance the ability in term of Management
Planning ,Implementation , Monitoring and Reporting ,Operation and Maintenance process for Water supply
services .
By end of the course , I should have been capable topractice management and admin . experience andknowledge .
To tackle the problems such as reducing non‐revenue water,
leakage detection , water safety management, standards
and M&E ,and have solutions of shared difficulties which
can be removal or solved with experience gained fromJapanese private sector and explore to what extent they can
support in the future .

－ 133 －

14

－ 135 －THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIAREVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT OF ZANZIBARA COUNTRY REPORT ON

WATER SUPPLY ADMINISTRATION FOR BETTERMANAGEMENT OF WATER SUPPLY SERVICESPRESENTED BY

HASSAN J. ALI

PRINCIPAL HR OFFICERZANZIBAR WATER AUTHORITY (ZAWA)MINISTRY OF LAND, WATER, ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTZANZIBAR - TANZANIA1TANZANIA

2－ 137 －

3

•
-

•
•
•
•

ECONOMY AND CLIMATEECONOMY
Agriculture (clove as main cash crop) contributes about 75% of
Foreign Exchange)
Other minor economic activities:– Tourism– Carpentry– Petty business,– Small-scale industries.
CLIMATE
Zanzibar experiences a tropical climate with:Heavy rains during March /June (called Masika)
Hot east monsoon winds during December/February (Kaskazi).
Cool weather during June/August (Kusi).
Short rains during September / October (Vuli).
TEMPERATURE: max 39° c, average 25° c
ANNUAL RAINFALL: UNGUJA: 1,857mm – 1,625mm Pemba :1,912mm – 1,531mm－ 138 －

4

ABOUT ZANZIBAR WATER AUTHORITY-

It is a semi-autonomous water utility established in 2006-

Historically, it was a Central Government Department.

-

It is responsible for clean and safe water supply services in both
Urban and rural areas of Zanzibar.

-

The main source of water supply is the ground water with about 311
boreholes out of which, 160 In Unguja and 151 In Pemba. There are
however, some springs and caves that produce water for people.

-

The total production of the operation boreholes are estimated to be
between 163, 038, 281 litters/d with the existing transmission mains
convey pumped water from the boreholes to either the storage tanks
or direct to the distribution system. The GIS database provides
56km of transmission mains made of AC – DICI-PE-PVC pipes from5

100 to 600mm

THE ORGANIZATION CHART OF ZAWA-

Zanzibar Water Authority falls under the Ministry of Land, Water,
Energy and Environment.

-

The Director General is the Chief Executive Officer who is appointed
by the President of Zanzibar and is in charge of all Jurisdictional
responsibilities in both Unguja and Pemba Islands. He is an exOfficio member of the Board of Directors and responsible to the
Chairman of Board of Directors who is also appointed by thepresident and the three members appointed by the Minister
responsible.

-

The DG is assisted by four directors who form top management of
ZAWA, the Technical Operation Director, Commercial & Customer
Service Director, Finance & Administration Director and Pemba
Branch Office Director (see the organizational structure below).
－ 139 －

6

ZAWA ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
ZAWA BOARD OF
DIRECTORSDIRECTOR
GENERAL

PUBLICRELATIONSLEGAL UNIT

INFORMATION&COMMUNICATIONTECHNOLOGY

INTERNAL AUDITPROCUREMENTTECHNICALOPERATION
DEPARTMENTWATER
DEVELOPMENT
DEPARTMENTFINANCE &ADMINISTRATIONDEPARTMENTCOMMERCIAL&CUSTOMERSERVICE
DEPARTMENTPEMBA BRANCHOPERATION
DEPARTMENT

Sewerage Section(Future)Planning & ProjectManagement
SectionCorporate Accounts

Credit Control
SectionTechnical Section

Network Operations
SectionResearch Innovation& Development
SectionPlanning & Policy

Customer Service
SectionFinance &Administration
SectionWater Production
SectionWater Resource
Management
Section

Human Resources& Training

Data Management
SectionCustomer Service
Section7
Water Development
SectionMonitoring &Evaluation Section

REDUCTION OF NON-REVENUE WATER-

The percentage of water lost due to leakage is around 30%•

Leakages-

Leakage which is caused by frequent break down of pipes in
distribution system is the leading part of unaccounted water in
Zanzibar.

-

The major causes of leakages are old age systems, corrosion,
vandalism and quality of pipe and fitting materials. They altogether
contribute to about 20%of unaccounted water•

Leakage repair

It comprises many processes including:-

Collecting and documenting of the complains from the customers
through mainly customer complaints. (see the table below).

－ 140 －

A table showing Collecting and documenting of complains from the customers
No Name

Date

Place

Phone

comments

Number1

Muarabu A.

8/1/2016

Hamad

Michenzani

0777 489097 They complain to

Block/10

have taken manydays since they
sent theirapplication

2

Daudi M.

11/1/2016

Daudi

Malindi0777437219

BrunchThey complain
not to havereceived water
for six months

3

Khamis M.

11/1/2016

Magogoni

Machano0777475648

They complain
for a pipe
b

9

kd

-

Survey work which comprises the network staffs surveying the area todetermine the nature of the problem like size, material and types offittings required for that particular repair.
- Repairing the leakage where, the network people now repair the leakage
so as to improve the service to the people
A Picture showing some ZAWA staffs doing leakage repair

10－ 141 －• Illegal Use of Water- it has become a scenario since the introduction of water fees
especially in irrigation and other business activities.
- The Zanzibar Water Authority suffers from legal shortcomings
caused by over politicization of water sector, weak managerial
authority, resulting into inadequate, poor sustainability of the water
distribution to other customers and in many cases poor water quality
due to unauthorized connection. Illegal use of water contributes toabout 8% of all unaccounted for water in Zanzibar.
• Measures Against Illegal Use of Water:- Increasing daily patrol for the networks.
- Reducing conflicts during registration of new customers.
- Promoting house connection group.
- Reducing registration fees.
- Supplying more water to users.
- Improving the penalty for persons found guilty of illegal connection.
• Metering System: There are two systems of metering used;- Bulk systems installed in large consumers (see the diagram below).

1112－ 142 －

•Individual systems installed in small consumers

13

MANAGEMENT OF WATER QUALITY
It can be looked into two perspectives. The first is from sources of water
while the second is to the end user.
Starting with from sources of water, it is important to know that the main
sources of water in Zanzibar are Boreholes (see the diagram).

－ 143 －

Several initiatives are taken to ensure the quality and safety of water,
including:- Chlorination/disinfection of water from water sources, it is conducted at
the main water station at Saateni or in some other small plants (see thediagram).

15-

The bacteriological tests are done monthly. Although in some part ofthe islands, water is directly pumped to the distribution system, but
the practice is greatly discouraged as it is now insisted that any built
up scheme shall include the construction of a distribution tank (seethe diagram).

16－ 144 －

- Location of Well at a reasonable Distance from the Ocean andresidential houses. Wells in Zanzibar are located at a reasonabledistance from the ocean beaches. In this respect, the salt water in theaquifer can be held far enough from the seaward by the remaining
fresh water flow so that the well can always yield fresh water.
- Control of Pumping hours to Prevent Seawater Intrusion. The
pumping time is controlled (i.e. less than average recharge) in order tomaintain the interface between salt water and fresh water at a safe
distance from the seaward to the well site in order to prevent seawater
intrusion.
- Well Field Management. Wells are being managed right from
exploration before construction of water facilities, i.e. performgeophysical survey test drilling, test pumping, draw accurate map of
test holes, and record fluctuation of groundwater levels.
On the side of the end user, some surveys are conducted to see theamount of residual chlorine.
17

WATER QUALITYa) Raw water (from Mtoni and Mwanyanya springs)
Turbidity: 0.02 – 0.03 NTU
Color:

ColorlesspH:

7.1 average (Neutral)b)Tap water (Treated water)
Turbidity: 0.02 NTUColor:

ColorlesspH:

7.1 average (Neutral)

Iron:

0.02 mg/l Fe (kaburi Kikombe 2-5mg/l)

Manganese: Negligiblev Hardness: 70mg/l CaCO3 Moderate hard
Nitrogen Nitrate: 0.2 – 0.5 mg/l NO3－ 145 －

18

WATER SUPPLY SERVICE STANDARDS• Water coverage
According to the vision 2020, access to water should reach 100%. In 2005
it should be 95% for urban and 60 % for rural. For Pemba should be at least
50 %. It is good to mention that the water coverage so reached to thosestout goals by the ZPRP.
• Urban water supply
The present urban water supply comprises of four urban water supply
schemes: The Zanzibar town in Unguja, Wete, ChakeChake and
Mkoani towns in Pemba under the assisstance of Finland through
FINNIDA. These schemes serve about 300,000 inhabitants. Despite all
improvements assisted by FINNIDA since 1991 as well as the efforts fromthe Government, the condition of the schemes and service standard are still
unsatisfactory. There are distribution interruptions mainly due to old andworn infrastructure and poor maintenance. There is about 10% of urban
population, which is yet to be served. The current supply for four towns
from the operational sources is as shown in the table below .
19

NumberDescription Zanzibar town Wete

1

SourceChake

Mkoani

Borehole

77

13

8

7

Springs

2

1

2

0

Local wells

1

0

0

0

Water
production
m3/day66,298,584

12,929

11,20011,94820－ 146 －

• Rural Water Supply
The Government of Zanzibar has implemented the Zanzibar Rural
Water Supply Project with the assistance funds from ADB and Abu
Dhabi Fund for Development. The actual implementation covered a
population of more than 250,000 people since they are operational
during the year 2000. The old schemes established before thepreparation of the Master Plan for the rural areas continue to serve.

more than 60,000 inhabitants in their respective areas• Service Ratio
If we compare the total population with the served population, theservice ratio is about 62%. Though the service ratio is high in terms of
Coverage, demand/supply ration is a major setback towards the totalsatisfaction of those favorable consumers.
This situation has instigated a number of households to install booster
pumps and indoor water storage and provided a flourishing businessfor water boozers.
21• Service Hours
Since the water distribution system are in both, gravity flow andpumping system, the service hours is 24 hours a day, 7 days aweek.
• Water Supply Capacity
Practically, the current water sources have capacity of producing
99,080m3/day. But this production is not fully realized due to various
interactions which include lower capacity pumps, pump breakdown,
power failures etc. Water supply network expansion based on capacity
has always led to the intermittent supply in some areas covered by
piped water supply schemes.
• Average Water Supply Volume
The average water supply production is about 75,106m3/day for both
Unguja and Pemba islands. The average supply volume that is
estimated to reach the consumers is 228, 716, 430 litres/day.
22－ 147 －

MANAGEMENT OF WATER SUPPLY SERVICE ON SELFSUPPORTING BASES-

Clean and safe water supply service delivery is entrusted to ZAWA

alone in Zanzibar as per the Water Act of 2006. However there are a lotof other private providers of the service including the politicians, NGOs,
SBOs, and other institutions. The role of ZAWA is also to set thestandards and ask such private providers to follow the standards.
•

Major recent achievements in improvement of water supply

There is an improvement of water supply service delivery in Zanzibar.
The main reasons behind it being the various water projects
supported by The UN and others including:UNDP, UNICEF, IRAN, USA WORLD BANK, Red Cross, JICA, and23

Alyouseif Charitable Society.

More specifically, the JICA funded projects including The Zanzibar- Water Supply Improvement Projects which had two phases. In thisproject, a total of four (4) water tanks have been constructed which
Are Welezo Water Tanks (2) with the storage capacity of 8,000,000 liters,
Kijichi Water Tank with the storage capacity of 2,000,000 liters, Kinuni
Water Tank with the storage capacity of 2,000,000litres-

JICA Makadara Pilot Area project, this project aims at capacity building

to ZAWA staffs so as to apply the same knowledge and expertise to theremaining area of the Islands soon after the project completion, again it
aims at replacing the old pumps with the new ones.

24－ 148 －

EXPECTATIONS FOR THE JAPANESE PRIVATE COMPANIES AND
EXPECTATIONS TOWARD THE PROGRAM
With the ongoing cooperation between Japan and Tanzania specificallyZanzibar, coupled with various projects. The Japanese privatecompanies have a good chance to apply for expertisement in suchprojects. Again they have a good chance of increasing production of
the plumbing materials in their companies and sell to Zanzibar because
most of our network is outdated/aged and need replacement.
Toward the program, the trainee will increase the capacity regarding
issues of water through various lectures, visits and discussions withwater practitioners from various countries. By transferring the expertiseback to Zanzibar, the country will also benefit by having more effective
and efficient management of water supply services.

－ 149 －

25

－ 151 －Ministry of Agriculture
Tunisian Water supply Utility (SONEDE)
www.sonede.com.tn

WATER SUPPLY ADMINISTRATION FOR
BETTER MANAGEMENT OF WATERSUPPLY SERVICES (A)05 – 18 June 2016
SOUROUR ZARDOUM

First and Last Name

: SOUROUR ZARDOUM

Nationality: Tunisian

Title: Senior Engineer
Saving Water Department
Tunisian Water supply Utility (SONEDE)

Professional Experience : 8 YearsAge: 36 years old

E-mail: s.zardoum@sonede.com.tn

Qualifications : Certified Expert in internal audit systems of drinking water systems
 Engineering Degree in Hydraulics－ 153 －TUNISIA
Location

North Africa

Area

165 km2

Coastline

1300 kmPopulation

11,075,000 persons

Urban pop

65%

Governorates

24

Districts

264

Rainfall37 Mm3 (Annual Average)

North Rainfall

579 mm/Year

Center Rainfall

289 mm/YearSouth Rainfall

150 mm/Year

Aridity

75% of the territory

Evaporation

1,300mm-2,500mm

TUNISIA : Water Resources (m3/Year)
Provision of water: 460 m3 / citizen / year in 2014
315 m 3 / citizen / year in 2030
Surface water
Groundwater
1900 Mm3 (40%)

2700 Mm3 (60%)

4－ 154 －

SO.N.E.D.E: Tunisian Water supply Utility
SONEDE was established on the 2nd of July 1968.
It is under the supervision of the Ministry ofAgriculture Hydraulic Resources and Fishing. It isa non administrative public utility.
It was created to ensure : Water production: production, treatment and transport,
 Water distribution: management and maintenance of drinking water
network and equipment and management of customers,
 Development: studies, works and supply.

MAIN INDICATORS OF SONEDE
Customers
Customer

2014

Served population (Million)

9.3

Number of subscribers (Million)

2,637

All subscribers are provided with individual water meters
Supply rate (2014)

98,1%- Urban100%- Rural served by SONEDE

51,3%- Rural served by GDA

42,8%Turnover (2014)

271 MDT (127 M Euros)

Average price of cubic meter

0,698 DT (0,3 Euros)6－ 155 －

MAIN INDICATORS OF SONEDEInfrastructure
Infrastructure

2014

Network length (Km)50 697

Number of treatment plants

14

Number of desalination plants

5

Number of pumping station

1300

Number of storage tanks

1100

7

MAIN INDICATORS OF SONEDE
Operating activities
Annual activity

2014

Water produced volume (Mm3)627,5Water distributed volume (Mm3)570,7Water consumed and billed volume (Mm3)433,4Global Network efficiency (%)

71,6Distribution network efficiency (%)

79,1Service hours

24 hours / day

8－ 156 －

Reduction of NRW
 Rehabilitation of networks and lead pipes Renovation of connections
 Improved counting means
 Regulation of water systems
 Pressure management
 Continuous monitoring of volumes distributed
 Leak detection

9

WATER TARIFF
RATES OF DRINKING WATER 2014

Rate

Millimes without VTA = 18%

m3/quarter(0-20)(21-40)(41-70)(71-100)(101-150)(151-500)
501 et +

0
0
0
0
0
0

2130 millimes = 1 €

155

20

270

40

365

70

665

100

815

150

1135
500

1190

0

standpipes : 155 mls/ m3－ 157 －

Tourism : 1190 mls/ m3

10

WATER TARIFF
Tunisian tariff system of drinking water is progressive as usual: The first tariff is intended for users with modest incomes connected tothe drinking water system and whose consumption does not exceed 20
m3 per quarter.
 The tourist water is paid by the upper edge (1190 millims/m3).
The mode of progressive pricing is used by SONEDE as a tool for demand
management. Each consumer should be careful not to exceed the upper
limit of the normal edge of consumption and avoid water waste.
11

WATER BALANCE (2014)

Authorized
consumption
444,6 Mm3
Distribut
edvolume
570,7
Mm3

Water
losses126,1 Mm3

Revenuewater
433,4 Mm3

Non
Revenue
Water(NRW)
137,3 Mm3

Billed authorized
consumption
433,4 Mm3

433,4 Mm3
( 75,9 %)Unbilled authorized
consumption(ex. fire fighting, cleaning)

11,2 Mm3( 2 %)

Apparent losses( Unauthorized
consumption(i.e. Illegal use),
Customer metering
inaccuracies )36,5 Mm3
Real losses(Leakage)
151,5 Mm3

－ 158 －

23,4 Mm3(4,1%)

102,7 Mm3
( 18 %)

SONEDE CHALLENGES
Since its inception (1968), SONEDE has always provided a continuous
drinking water service (24/7) to all subscribers (90% of the Tunisianpopulation).
Now it is facing three major challenges:


Maintaining service 24/7 in the context of increased demand and scarcity
of resources.



Request new rural areas to be served by SONEDE.



Improving the quality of distributed water (salinity).

－ 159 －

－ 161 －Inception Report

WATER SUPPLY ADMINISTRATION FOR BETTERMANAGEMENT OF WATER SUPPLY SERVICVES ROBERT CHELA
 KAFUBU WATER AND SEWERAGE COMPANY LIMITED

Introduction……..
 Operations started in 2000.
 Services three towns: Ndola,Luanshya,Masaiti.
 Population serviced: 690,530
 Number of Connections: 60,462
 57,917 Domestic,2,545 Non‐Domestic
 Number of staff: 655－ 163 －

Management of Water Quality……
 Turbidity up to 40NTU,Kafubu Dam. Reduced to

0NTU.
 Aluminium Sulphate at 20‐25mg/l at 375m3/hr.
 Prechlorination at 12kg/hr
 Postchlorination at 18kg/hr

Management of Water Quality…….

－ 164 －

Management of Water Quality……..
Parameter

LimitsNumber ofMonthly Tests
Conducted

Number ofTests inCompliance

Percentage
Compliance

Residual
Chlorine

0.2‐0.5 mg/l

382

347

90.8

Bacteriolog 0/100mL
ical(F.C)

186

162

87.1

pH

6.5‐8.0

119

119

100

Turbidity

5NTU

119

116

97.5

Colour

15Hz

119

119

100

Based on

Report for

April 2016

Under ZABSStandards

Reduction of Non‐Revenue Water…
 Strategic plan drawn up in 2015.
 To reduce NRW from 67% to 40%
 69% Metering Ratio 63% Collection Efficiency－ 165 －

Reduction of Non‐Revenue Water…

Water Supply Service Standards……
 Water Service Coverage: 87.5%
 Hours of Supply: 20 on average Supply governed by Service Level Guarantee made by

the company to it’s customers through the regulator.

－ 166 －

KAFUBU WATER & SEWERAGE COMPANY - SERVICE LEVEL GUARANTEE
Service Indicator

1.

Drinking water quality

Service Level Guarantee

Service Level Guarantee

92% of samples (in line with NWASCO Guidelines on minimum No. ofsamples) meet the NWASCO standard for Chlorine residual.

92% of samples (in line with NWASCO Guidelines on minimum
No. of samples) meet the NWASCO standard for Chlorine
residual.

NDOLA

95% of samples (in line with NWASCO Guidelines on minimum No. ofsamples) meet the NWASCO standard for Bacteriological test.

2.

Service Hours

CONDITIONS OF SUPPLYLUANSHYA AND MASAITI

95% of samples (in line with NWASCO Guidelines on minimum
No. of samples) meet the NWASCO standard for Bacteriologicaltest.

22 hours in all areas

20 hours in all areas

Office opens for 40 hours per week
Main Pay stations open 44 hours per week (at Head Office, Shoprite,
Kansenshi Shopping Centre, and Jacaranda Mall).

Office opens for 40 hours per week
Town Office Pay station open 44 hours per week

1.

Unless payment is made within 14 Days from date of
Invoice, the supply may be disconnected and will only
be reconnected upon full payment of the accountbalance plus reconnection fees.
This invoice serves as a disconnection notice for any
balance that is 14 days overdue.
Although accounts may be in dispute, payments must
be made on or before the due date. Any necessary
adjustments will be made in retrospect and will appear
on the next statement(s) or invoice.
The total sum owing should be paid in full. In theevent that the payment made is insufficient to settle
the total balance due, the amount paid shall beappropriated first to the oldest debt and then to thebalance.
Kafubu Water and Sewerage Company may institutelegal proceedings for the recovery of any debt
outstanding and charge the cost to the customer.
Payments can be made at the Company Head Office,Luanshya Branch, or at the nearest Customer Services
Centre or any approved Agent.
KWSC reserves the right to issue interim service
account or average consumption for various reasonse.g. faulty meters, locked premises etc.
Water meters will be tested against a fee deposited asprescribed in the Conditions of Supply (if tests conformto the limits of tolerance allowed, the fee will beappropriated).

2.
3.

4.

5.
6.

3.

Billing for services

4.

Response time towritten complaints
Response time for newconnection
Response time formeter installation
requestResponse time formeter testing
Waiting time to pay billor file complaint
Telephone contact
holding time

5.

Interruption of watersupply and blockage of
sewer
Unannounced
interruption of between
36-48 hours

6.

7.

8.

All customers billed once a month.
Meter read once a month for all metered customers.
Minimum period for payment after bill delivery 14 days.

All customers billed once a month.
Meter read once a month for all metered customers.
Minimum period for payment after bill delivery 14 days.

5 working days

5 working days

10 working days

10 working days

5 working days

5 working days

5 working days

5 working days

10 minutes

10 minutes

3 minutes

3 minutes

20-36 hours interruption will affect <10% of customers for water and<10% for sewer blockage.

20-36 hours interruption will affect <10% of customers forwater and <10% for sewer blockage.

< 8% for water and <8% for sewer<8% for water and <8% for sewer

Unannounced
interruption of morethan 48 hours<1% for water and <1% for sewer<1% for water and <1% for sewer

Unjustified
Disconnections

Connections subjected to unjustified disconnections in a year to be<0.5%.

Connections subjected to unjustified disconnections in a year tobe <0.5%.

Sewer Flooding

Quality of discharged
water

Reduction of sewer flooding of customer’s premises to be <5% ofconnections in particular service area.

Reduction of sewer flooding of customer’s premises to be <5%of connections in particular service area.

No. of tests carried out(bacteriological and chemical) to be according to
the ZEMA license conditions

No. of tests carried out(bacteriological and chemical) to beaccording to the ZEMA license conditions

93% of nutrients and BOD meet ZEMA standards

93% of nutrients and BOD meet ZEMA standards

7.
8.

WATER WISE HABITS
1.

Fix all leaking taps, pipes and toilets, as leaks canwaste a lot of water.

2.

Use buckets rather than hosepipes to water yourgardens and wash your car.

3.

Take short showers and shallow baths.

4.

Turn off taps and report leakages in public places.

5.

Do not use the toilet to flush small things; a toilet is
not a trash can.

6.

Use a cup when brushing your teeth.

7.

Avoid washing dishes with the tap running.

8.

Water your lawns/gardens in the evening when it iscool to avoid water.

9.

Water your lawns/gardens in the evening when it iscool to avoid water evaporation.

10.

Report any cases of vandalism/theft of water
installations to the nearest Company office or to the
Police.

Management of Water Supply Services
on a Self Supporting Basis…..
 Cost Recovery Based on Collection Efficiency andProduction Loss (NRW).
 Affected by
 Investment
 Size of Utility

 Metering Ratio, Non‐Revenue Water, Collections
 Service Quality
 Tarrifs
 Asset Management－ 167 －

Major Recent Achievements in
Improvement of Water Supply……
 Projects:
 JICA, $ 25m•••

Increased production at Kafubu Dam, 51,000m3/day to
80,000m3/day
Reduced water losses in the trunk mains
Improved delivered water quality

 Internal Projects

Expectations for the Japanese Private
Companies and Expectations Towards
the Program……
 Build capacity to optimise usage of manpower andresources for improvement of service offered tocustomers at reduced operational costs.
 Develop short and long term planning and goal
setting for the continuous improvement of operations
and services.

－ 168 －

INCEPTION REPORT ON NONREVENUE WATER

BY: ANDREW WISDOM ZULU-PERI URBANENGINEER

Establishment – WSS Act No. 28 of 1997

Serving :





Ndola
Luanshya
Masaiti－ 169 －



Poor condition

Increased population

Long years of usage



Needs rehabilitation

 High Non Revenue Water (52%)
 Low metering ratio (49%)
 Low supply hrs (18hrs)
 Old network

 No updated network drawings－ 170 －

Application of knowledge and techniqueslearnt to:
Reduce NRW by using appropriate leak repair
method and materials.

Reduce system downtime by improving system
reliability by having updated network drawings.
Protect assets(pipes and related appurtenances)and prolong their useful lives.

Increase service levels.
Promotes renewal of old pipe networks.
Needs/
IssuesLack ofcomprehensi
ve Pipeline
Maintenance SystemHigh Non
Revenue
Water

Techniques/
Knowledge
acquired

To Whom theinformation
will bedisseminatedWhen todisseminate

How todisseminate

Feasibility

None

Director Eng. Director
Planning.
Water distribution
Network staff
Water Audit staff

September 2016

Dept. Staff meeting
presentation

Very Feasible

Draw up maintenanceschedule for selected
Pilot area

None

Water distribution
Network staff

September 2016

Hold meeting with
staff

Very Feasible

Pipeline
Maintenanceactivities

Implement Pipeline
Maintenanceactivities

Timelyavailability ofrepairmaterial.

Water distribution
Network staff

October 2016

Execute Action plan

Feasible

DistrictManagement
Area design.

Select Pilot area withrespect to DMA
designUnclearboundaries

Director Eng. Director
Planning.
Water distribution
staff, Network Audit
staff andMeter readers

September 2016

Present report

Very Feasible

Analysis of
distributed
volumeMeter Pilot DMA andanalyze distributed
volume.

Availability ofmetersWater distribution
staff, Network Audit
staff and Meter
readers

September 2016

Execute Action plan

Very Feasible

Emergency Leakprevention
measures

Repair all visible leaks

Timelyavailability ofrepairmaterial

Water distribution
staff, Network Audit
staff

October 2016

Execute Action plan

Feasible

Leak Control andpressure
management

Leak detection andrepairPressure regulation

Timelyavailability ofrepairmaterial

Water distribution
staff, Network Audit
staff

October 2016

Execute Action plan

Feasible

How they will
be applied

Obstacles

Inspection
Systems andInstallation
Practice

Devise a pipe line
inspection system

Network
Maintenance
Scheduling6－ 171 －

Billed Authorized
Consumption
Authorized
Consumption

Unbilled Authorized
Consumption

Billed Metered Consumption
Billed Unmetered Consumption

Revenue Water

Unbilled Metered Consumption
Unbilled Unmetered Consumption
Illegal fire hydrant use
Unauthorized Consumption

System Input Volume

Apparent Losses

Customer Metering Inaccuracies
Leakage on Transmission and/or
Distribution Mains

Water Losses
Real Losses

Non Revenue
Water (NRW)Leakage and Overflows at Utility’s
Storage Tanks
Leakage on Service Connections up to
point of Customer metering
Leakage at consumer points

7



Mobilisation of resourcesModernization



Expansion to meet demand－ 172 －S/N

1

PERFORMANCE
INDICATORNRWLEVEL @INCEPTION
53 %PRESENT
LEVEL
41%

2

METERING RATIO

8%

51%

3

COLLECTIONEFFICENCY

50%

88%

4

WATER COVERAGE

50%

89%

REMARKS
Mainly due tometering & spot
network repairs
24,623 customers
are now metered.

4. COMMERCIAL OVERVIEW


Ndola

 Luanshya
 Masaiti－ 173 －

5. REMEDIES FOR POOR
COMMERCIAL PERFORMANCE

MeteringRefurbishment of infrastructurePrompt government payment

The success of the first pilot project done in
the selected area will be replicated at double
the effort in other areas so that NRW is
reduced to a minimum.
This will improve the performance of myorganization.

12－ 174 －