－ 175 －－ 177 －－ 179 －Welcome

Reports on Present Situation of Water Supply Service
Presented by
Muhammad Nurul Amin
Executive Engineer
Chittagong Water supply &Sewerage authority, Bangladesh.

Chittagong Water Supply and Sewerage Authority
Bangladesh－ 181 －



Chittagong is the Second largest city, Main Port cityand commercial capital of Bangladesh

Its importance as a port and trading centre goes backto the 9th century

The area of Chittagong City Corporation issquare kilometers.



Present population is 3.2 million. Projected
population by 2025 is 4.1 million and by 2030 is 4.6
million ( According to JICA Preparatory Survey of
KWSP 2 in 2012)

155

Water supply capacity 210 MLD(including
surface WTP and Ground deep tube wells) Demand of the city is 500 MLD.
 The
Demand Supply gap of water in
Chittagong is widened rapidly due topopulation growth and expansion of industrial
and commercial activities.
－ 182 －

Water Demand & Supply (MLD)

Past & Present Demand & Supply
500

Demand(MLD)

Year

Demand(MLD)

Supply
(MLD)

1963

30

20

1970

60

25

1980

100

30

200

1990

250

135

1995

300

145

100

2000

350

165

2005

425

175

2015

500

210

400
300

0
1963 1970 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2015
Year
Supply can not catch up theincreasing demand

Surface water treatment plant 1 no. capacity 90
MLD.
 Iron removal plant 1 no capacity 68 MLD fortreating water for high iron concentrated waterfrom deep tube wells.
 Total pipe length is 684 km mostly DI,PVC,MSand AC Aging pipes causes leakages and contaminate
water thus increase NRW.
－ 183 －

Summary of Existing Facilities
Facility

Quantity

Capacity

1 nos.

90 MLD

Surface WTP(Mohara WTP)
Ground WTP(Kalurghat IRP)
Deep Wells

1 nos.

68 MLD

96 nos.

120 MLD

Pipeline

684 km-62255 nos.

-

Service
Connections

Chittagong Detailed Plan Area

Water source
Present water source Sharing

43%
Surface57%

GroundFuture water source Sharing

4%

96%

Surface
Ground－ 184 －

Surface water source & Pipeline Network

Karnaphuli WTP 1 (143
MLD, 69km) and 2 (143
MLD, 600 km)

Halda

P

φ 1200mm

FATEHABAD

Modunaghat TP (under
CWSISP)(90 MLD, 105 km)
P

φ 450- 700mm

NASHIRABADP

Mohara WTP (90 MLD)

φ 1200mm

SALIMPUR

Nashirabad
φ 600mmP

Boosterroad
PS
DT

CHANDGAONPP

KulshiP

Kalurghat

IRP&BS (68 MLD)BAKOLIA
Batali Hill Reservoir
φ600-700mm

ADC Hill Reservoir
KOTOWALI

Patenga
Booster PS

P

MADAR-BARI

To supply safe drinking water CWASA has alaboratory and qualified man power. water istested to observe different parameters before
supplying to city dwellers.
 Have iron removal plant to remove iron
deriving water from deep tube wells.
 During salinity intrusion insurface WTP,
Ground water is mixed with the surface waterto reduce the chloride level of supplied water.
－ 185 －

Madunaghat

Containshighconcentration (2~8 mg/l)

Mohara WTP

P

P

Nashirabad

Wells strainer and the gravel
pack clogged with iron bacteria

P

P

P

Kalurghat IRP

KulshiP

Batali Hill Reservoir

ADC Hill Reservoir

South-west area of the city
ground water contains ChlorideGround water level in the city
center has been declining
Many household and industries
have constructed their own
deep tube wells

Patenga
Booster PS

iron

P

PATENGA

Chittagong Water Supply & Sewerage Authority
Water quality Management Plan

Water examination at the Tap

Water Quality Examination at theTreatment Plant

Water sources Quality Examination
at the intake point (River)－ 186 －

Water
Quality is
tested at
80 sites
every
month

Reduction of Non-Revenue Water

 CWASA is reducing a significant amount of NRW in last
couple of Years
 Project for Advancing Non Revenue Water Reduction
Initiative (PANI-2) and CWASA are working together toreduce NRW.
Under Japanese Experts CWASA Engineers are doing onjob training on Leak detection , GIS Mapping and preparing
Customer database.
Under the Project model Area is selected and survey workis carrying on .

－ 187 －

To reduce the NRW CWASA has taken initiatives
Hands on Training of Plumbers (like leakage repair,service connections, meter replacement) through PANI
(Project for Advancement Non Revenue Water
Reduction Initiative) funded by JICA.
Gradually replacing the old pipes through different
projects like Karnaphuli Water Supply Project (KWSP)
Phase 1 & 2 funded by JICA and Chittagong Water
Supply Improvement and Sanitation Project (CWSISP)
funded by World Bank.

Mass Media Advertisement for publicawareness to Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle ofwater.
 School campaigning for awareness building ofwater usage.
 Formulate day/night vigilance team to locate
leaks during night time pressure, illegal
connections.
－ 188 －

Communication with other Stake Holders







Mohara Water Treatment Plant and kaloorghat Iron Removal
Plant Rehabilitation Project has been completed by JDCF (Japan
Debt Cancellation Fund).new machinery has been installed andthe plant is running smoothly.
Under TA (Technical Assistance) Project funded by JICA named
PANI (Project for Advancement Non-Revenue Water Reduction
Initiative) new meters has been installed, Updating GIS(Geographical Information system), Conducting Training for
Plumbers.
Two major projects are going on under assistance of JICA fundnamed karnaphuli water supply project (KWSP) phase 1 & 2.
Phase 1 is nearly completed and going to under operation by
December 2016.

18－ 189 －

To meet up the gap between Water Demandand Supply.
 When new projects connect with existing
network old pipes breakdown due to increased
pressure.
 Administer water supply system management
regarding engineering, administration andcommercial due to lack of skilled andcompetent personnel; when coming mega
projects like phase 1 & 2.
19

－ 190 －

－ 191 －For
All Nominees ≪by 17th August (Wed), 2016≫

Attachment1

Inception Report(1) What is “Inception Report”?
All nominees are required to submit “Inception Report” with Application Form to
the respective countries’ JICA offices (or Embassies of Japan). This report will be
used as one of the applicants’ screening materials.

(2) Why do we need “Inception Report”?
The role of “Inception Report” is to share the present issues of water supply
administration related to participants’ organization with other participants andlecturers. Moreover, “Inception Report” is supposed to assist Course Organizer,
Implementing Partner and other lecturers to know about the details of participants’professional careers, present challenges and expectation toward the program.

(3) Contents of “Inception Report”“Inception Report” should be typewritten in English on A4 size paper. It is highly
recommended to include graphs, figures and maps in your report.
Contents include the following 9 topics about the individual water supply utility,
national or local government which the nominee belongs to. Please make sure todescribe the contents based on the 9 topics:
1. Position of Water Supply Services
2. Water Supply Service Levels
3. Management of Water Quality
4. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water
5. Accounting system of Water Supply Service
6. Major Recent Achievements in Improvement of Water Supply Services
7. Recent Challenges to Improvement of Water Supply Services
8. Expectations toward Japan
9. Expectations toward the Program-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Position of Water Supply Services
1-1. Legal Basis of Water Supply Services
We are acting on the regulations issued by the ministry and we are waiting forwater law which is being drafted by JICA experts.
1-2. Demarcation of Water Supply Services
According to the MOU between MIH and MRD, the urban water supply utilities
are under the authority of Ministry of Industry & Handicraft, and the rural water supply is－ 193 －

under the authority of Ministry of Rural Development.
1-3. Main Actor of Water Supply Utilities
The main actor of water supply utilities is Department of Portable Water Supply
under the Ministry of Industry & Handicraft.
1-4. Mission/Vision of Water Supply Utilities
The Mission is to supply safe water with affordable price and sustainable.
The Vision is to supply good quality water to all the people in the service area
24/7.
1-5. Your Mission/Vision in your organization
My vision is to have all the houses in the service area connected to our pipeline and the collection rate is 100%.
My missions are:-To get more customers to connect to our pipe line-

To make sure the collection rate is high-To make sure the NRW for commercial part is low.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. Water Supply Service Levels
2-1. Main Performance Indicators (PI)Coverage area

1 Districts 4 Communes 12 Villages

Population Served

44,000

Collection ratio

97.32%

Production capacity

8,000m3/day

Supply duration

24hr/daySupply pressure

6-13

Non-Revenue Water

12.89%

Water quality

Good

Staff number

50

Number of connections

8,800

Staff/1,000 connections

5.68people/1,000connections

2-2. Any Monitoring by Performance Indicators (PI)
There are 4 types of indicators that we are using:
1. General information
2. Operation indicators
3. Quality indicators and4. Economic indicators.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------－ 194 －

3. Management of Water Quality
3-1. Current Situation and Major Challenges/Problems
There are 2 sources of water supply. One is that we produce by ourselves andthe other is that we buy from ANCO Company. The quality of the water that we
produced is according to the National Standard, while ANCO is not. While the waterfrom our factory combine with the water from ANCO it results in non-chlorine at thepipe-end.
3-2. Current Actions against Those Challenges/Problems
We sent our technician to work in ANCO Company so he can control the qualityof the water from ANCO factory.
3-3. Any Achievements
The problem is solved.
3-4. Water Quality Standards for Drinking Water
There is a National Quality Standards for Drinking Water that was approved on
14 July 2015 by Senior Minister of MIH.
3-5. Monitoring System or Plans for Safety of Drinking Water in Your Organization /Regulatory Body / Independent Institution /Others
We follow the Water Supply Monitoring System which was approved by the
Ministry.
3-6. Implementation of Water Safety Plans* or Similar Efforts(* Water Safety Plans: refer to the following URL and review before
participating in the Course, the Chapter 4 ”Water Safety Plans” ofthe ”Guidelines for drinking-water quality, third edition”
URL: http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/gdwq3_4.pdf )We have many teams that take responsibility for the safety of the water suchas:-

The pumping station team: look after the Prek Tub Lake to prevent
people from throwing rubbish near or into the water.

-

The factory team: responsible for controlling the quality of thewater before send it out.

-

The pip maintaining team: responsible for cleaning the pipe andcheck for leakage.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water
4-1. Current Situation and Major Challenges/Problems
There are some problems with the NRW:

－ 195 －

-High pressure results in a lot of water loss while leaking-

Inaccuracy meters (out-of-date meters)-

Responsiveness of the leakage detector team

4-2. Current Actions against Those Challenges/Problems
We have developed some actions such as:-

Reform the leakage detector team-

Make plan to change the out-of-date meters

4-3. Any Achievements-

The NRW is reducing

4-4. Constitution of NRW (If you have the data, please fill in the table )Authorized

Revenue

Billed authorized

consumption

water

consumption

4,427,448m3 /year
87.11%

Non-Revenue

Unbilled authorized

Water (NRW)

consumption

5,378m3 /year(ex. fire fighting, cleaning)
Water losses

0.1%

Apparent losses( Unauthorized

152,485m3 /year

consumption (i.e. Illegal

3%use), Customer metering
inaccuracies )Physical losses(Leakage)

492,173m3 /year
9.68%

4-4. Situations about Leakage Detection Measures (DMA etc.)-

No DMA zones-

Don’t have exact calculation-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. Accounting system of Water Supply Service
5-1. Water Tariff in your Organization
We have block tariff:-

From 0-7 m3

1,500 Riel-

From 8-15 m3

1,800 Riel-

From 16 up

2,000 Riel

－ 196 －

5-2. Balance Sheet of your Organization
5-3. Profit and Loss Statement of your Organization(*[Public Utilities](1) Profit and Loss Account- Profit: 1,506,849,780.94 Riel
(2) Capital Income and Expenditures of your Organization)(* You can check the case of Tokyo in the chapter 4 ”Financial System andFuture Financial Management” of this file.
URL:

http://www.waterprofessionals.metro.tokyo.jp/pdf/wst_02.pdf)-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. Major Recent Achievements in Improvement of Water Supply
Services/Management- We expanded our service area to a new district called Steung Hav.
- During summer we don’t have the water shortage problem.
- We are installing new main pipes from Kbal Chhay, so that during summer wewill have enough water to supply.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. Recent Challenges to Improvement of Water Supply Services- We need more budgets to build a new factory in the new area.
- We need more budgets to restore the Prek Tub lake
- Need more experts in water system-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. Expectations toward Japan
8-1. Expectations toward Japanese Government and JICA
- We hope to get more supports from the Japanese side such as financial
support and technical support.
8-2. Expectations toward Japanese Water Utilities- We hope to get good practices from the Japanese Water Utilities that canapply here in the Sihanouk Province Water Supply Authority.
8-3. Expectations toward Japanese Private Companies- We hope to cooperate with those companies in the future for new
technologies.

－ 197 －

9. Expectations toward the Program.
(Any comments and requests are appreciated.)
I expect to get more knowledge about the calculation of the infrastructure suchas, how to calculate the pipe to install for this much population, how big is the factory forserving this amount of people. Also I hope to get the solution to solve the NRW problem
in my utility too.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

END.

－ 198 －

For
Accepted Participants Only ≪by 7th October(Fri), 2016≫

Attachment3
Present Situation of the Water Supply Service(1) What is “Present Situation of the Water Supply Service”?
The accepted applicants are expected to formulate and submit their short reportabout “Present Situation of the Water Supply Service” (Annex 3) as the detailed
information for “Water Supply Service Levels”(Chapter2 of your Inception Report).
The result of this short report is supposed to assist Course Organizer,
Implementing Partner and other lecturers to know about the details of participants’professional careers, present challenges.

(2) Submission of “Present Situation of the Water Supply Service”
The deadline of the Present Situation of the Water Supply Service: October 7th,2016. Please submit together with updated Inception Report Presentation to thefollowing e-mail address: tictee@jica.go.jp------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A. General Information
1. Please describe the current situation of water resources in your organization bymentioning the following topics.
1.1 The geographical background (The proportion of forest, residential land, river,
etc.)
N/A
1.2 The precipitation per one month and/or one year. Please attach the last 10
years data.
N/A
1.3 The type of available water resources and those situations- Groundwater: high iron and the cost to treat the water is high.
- Prek Tup Lake (current source): not enough water, dried out
during summer.
- Hun Sen Reservoir: a bit far (approximately 23km from the city)and can’t provide enough water (need to reform).
- Ou Chomna Reservoir: about 17km from the city and can’t
provide enough water (need too reform).
- Kbal Chhay Dam: belongs to a private company, got enoughwater.
1.4 The intake water volume per one day, per one year
The amount per day is approximately 4,700 m3/day, and per one year isapproximately 1,642,500 m3/year.
1.5 The type of water resources for the future
The future available water resource should be the seawater.

－ 199 －

2. Please describe the current situation of water supply services in my city bymentioning the following topics.
(1) The population ratio to be served and not to be served drinking water
The population who has access to portable water is 68.66% and doesn’t haveaccess to portable water is 31.34%.
(2) Proportion of consumers with 24 hours supply, average number of hours per
day of water availability to most people.
100% of our consumers get 24 hours supply.
(3) Does the distribution water use for the potable water directly?
yes.
(4) Non revenue water (NRW)
2015=12.89%
3. Please describe the current situation of Private Sector Participation in yourcountry by mentioning the following topics.
(1) The status of Private Sector Investment and its area (e.g. Water resource
development, Water treatment, Water distribution, Organization management,
Bill collection, leakage repair, etc.)(2) The current situation of involvement of national government in water supply
services (e.g. Water rates, Personnel employment, O/M budgeting, Capital
investment, etc.)

B. Related Figures

Instructions for completing the form
1. All information provided should be for the fiscal year 2014 or most recent data if
2014 year’s data is unavailable (please indicate the year of the data available).
2. For all financial information, please specify in the local currency with equivalent US
dollars.
3. When a value is zero, please enter ‘0’.
I. Service Area
1 Size of Utility’s area of Responsibility: (936
sq. km)2 Size of Utility’s present service area: (642 sq. km)
3 Population of Utility’s area of responsibility: ( 90,220 habitants
4 Population of Utility’s present service area:(
72,540
habitants)
5 Population served by the Utility with piped water supply: (57,285habitants)
6 Number of towns served with piped water:(
1 district and 1
city)
II. Water Consumption & Production
1 Volume of water produced by the Utility: (1.7
million m3 / year)
2 Volume of water bought in bulk from other utility / company: (3.38－ 200 －)

million m3 / year)
3 Volume of water metered: (4.4
4 Estimated un-metered consumption: (million m3 / year)
0.1% of metered consumption)

III. Water Supply System Performance
1 Number of customers who received intermittent supply: (305
connections)
2 Typical duration of supply (planned and unplanned supply interruptions): (1hours / day)3 Typical mains water pressure in your pipe network: (6-13bars meters)
4 Number of water pipe breaks in the distribution network: (242# / year)
5 Required number of tests of treated water for residual chlorine: (everyday# / year)
6 Number of tests of treated water for residual chlorine carried out: ( everyday#/
year)
7 Number of tests of treated water for residual chlorine passed: (80% passed# / year)IV. Staff
1 Who does the work in your company: (please tick relevant boxes)
 permanent staff . salaried Government employees permanent staff . with contract□ casual / part-time . contract staff□ casual / part-time . wages□ contracted out to outside company / agency
2 Number of FTE* staff in the company: please specify how many in eachcategory
Corporate Services(Management,
Admin, Finance,
Technical, etc.)

Water Supply(O&M, Customer
Services, Support
Services, etc)

Other non water supply(e.g. wastewater, drainage,
environment services)

0

0

0

TOTAL

0

* FTE = Full Time Equivalent staff (i.e. convert part-time and casual staff to equivalent
full time staff)
V. Customers
1 Number of new customers connected to water supply system during the year:(
1,224 # / year)
2 Number of customer complaints recorded during the year: (17# / year)
3 Typically* what is the fixed water supply charge / month? Please specify how
much in each category－ 201 －Domestic(Households)

Non Domestic(Industrial,commercial,
Institutional, other)

1,000 Riel (0.25US$)

1,000 Riel (0.25US$)

Bulk water sales

AVERAGE of all
categories

1,000 Riel (0.25US$)

4 Typically* what is the water tariff for metered consumption? Please specify how
much in each category
Domestic

Non Domestic

Tariff
Block

From

To

Cost/m

1.

0

7

0.375

3

From

To

Cost/m

0

7

0.375

US$

2.

8

15

0.45

Bulk water sales
3

From

To

Cost/m3

0

US$

8

15

US$

0.45
US$

0.5 US$
0.5 US$
3.**
16
Up
16
Up
Notes:* Where the Water Utility supplies multiple towns each with their own water charge
schedules, please specify the typical tariff schedule nominally for the principal town
supplied by the company** Where there are more than 3 blocks in the tariff schedule please specify theapproximate average tariff rates for consumptions above tariff block 2.

－ 202 －

Department of Potable Water Supply

WATER SUPPLY ADMINISTRATION FOR BETTERMANAGEMENT OF WATER SUPPLY SERVICESCOUNTRY REPORTS

Whole Country:
Area: 181,035
km2
Population: 14,7 Million Habitants (2013)
Coverage Water Supply: 83% (2015)
Selected Water Supply System/City:
Service Area:
km2
Population Served: 550,000 Families－ 203 －

Cambodia Water Sector
Ministries Responsible for Water:

Ministry of Industry & Handicraft is responsible formanagement, policies preparation, national strategy
planning for development of urban water supply sectors in
Cambodia.

－ 204 －

“100% of urban population to have access tosafe, affordable and sustainable water supply by2025”( 90% from piped water and 10% fromother sources).

The coverage rate of piped water supply in urban
areas increased from 68.5% in 2012 to 83% in 2015.

Over the same period the number of urbanhouseholds having access to safe water supply
increased from 400, 181 to 550,000 families.

PERFORMANCE ACTIVITIES, 2015
Public and Private Waterworks: 25• Public Waterworks: 15• Autonomous: 02 (PPWSA, SRWSA)• Private Waterworks: 10 (Provincial Towns)• Private Operators: 180

Description

2014

2015

Rate (m3)Rate ( %)PPWSA

149,557,507m3

161,623,637 m3

12,066,130 m3

8.06%

SRWSA

4,342,164 m3

4,794,513 m3

452,349 m3

10.41%

Public Waterworks

17,657,810 m3

19,956,623 m3

2,298,813 m3

13.01%

Private Operators

25,450,250 m3

34,027,448 m3

8,577,198 m3

33.70%

197 007 731 m3

220,402,221 m3

223,394,490 m3

16.29%

Total－ 205 －

WATER PRODUCTION IN CAMBODIA
Water Production (m3)250,000,000

197,007,731

220,402,221

176,671,448

200,000,000

150,833,231

138,198,013

150,000,000

100,000,000

50,000,000

-

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

86.00
84.00

80.00

82.00

75.00

74.80

78.00

74.00
72.00
70.00
68.00
2013

2014

2015

% of population
has access toclean water

CMDG

77.00

80.00

76.00

84.00

83.00
81.20

84.00

83.00

86.00

85.00

88.00

85.00

POPULATION HAS ACCESS TO SAFE
WATER

2016

－ 206 －

2017

2018

COVERAGE RATE FOR URBAN WATER SUPPLY 2015
Year 2015

Population no
has access toclean water

17%

83%

Population has
access toclean water

NONE-REVENUE-WATER (NRW)
19.81

21
20.41
21.00

25.00

0.00

－ 207 －

8.23

15.00
12.00

14.10
10.78

14.14
10.90

14.48
10.96

5.00

7.06

7.09

8.99
8.50

10.4

11.13
10

8.87
8.87

10.00

8.80
7.82

12
11.50
10.46

13.00

15.00

13.49

15

16

16.87

17.78

20.00

2013
2014
2015

WATER SUPPLY SERVICES
Description

SihanoukvilleNo. of Staff

KampotSvay Rieng

Kg. ChamMondulkiri

Stung Treng

Tangkrasang Kampong Thom

StoungBattambang

Pursat

50

36

24

41

13

21

9

29

14

71

36

No. of family in services area

15,328

9,545

8,251

16,400

4,265

5,243

3,442

11,1853,029

31,49011,862

Production Capacity(m3/day)

15,600

6,050

3,250

8,730

480

2,450

500

4,230

930

13,4305,200

No. of Connection

9,498

6,173

3,310

8,422

1,110

2,562

1,205

4,741

2,357

15,584

7,260

Supply Duration (h)

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

Coverage Area(%)

Staff/1000 Connection

NRW (%)
Collection Ratio
Average/month/connection
Tariff49%(2015)

56%

31%

41%

62%

65%

40%

51%

26%

43%

29%

38%

69%

35%

55%

49%

35%

42%

78%

49%

61%

5.26

5.83

7.25

4.87

11.71

8.20

7.47

6.12

5.94

4.56

4.96

12.4(2015)

10.78

10.00

7.81

15.00

20.83

6.52

10.99

7.14

10.93

11.18

10.00

10.00

9.00

10.49

10.00

20.14

6.50

9.00

6.00

13.34

10.00

98.08

100.0091.00

100.00100.00100.00100.0093.00

100.0099.00

100.00

46.96

28.57

29.36

33.73

12.67

23.29

11.86

24.59

11.17

24.14

20.61

1,915.00

1,400.00

1,200.00

887.001,900.00

1,500.00

1,500.00

1,500.00

1,800.00

1,500.00

1,600.00

URBAN WATER SECTOR CHALLENGES－ 208 －BASIC OF LEGAL DOCUMENTS
1. National Policy on Urban
Water and Sanitation
2.

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
no1

Name of ProjectDonorsType

OthersJICA

Grant Aid

On-Going(2012-2017)

JICA

Grant Aid

Inauguration on 21
July 2016

Capacity Building Project Phase III(8 PWWs)
The Project for Expansion on Water
Supply Systems in Battambang andKampong Chamេខត� �ត់ដំបង និងកំព ង់�មKampong Cham
-12,650m3/day-ប�� ញ 57 k.m

2Battambang-24,200m3/day-Networks: 64.8 K.m

3

The Project for Expansion on Water
Supply Systems in Siem Reap

JICA

Loan

Under Selection
Consultant(2012-2019)

4

The Project for Expansion on Water
S
l S t
i K
t

JICA

Grant Aid

Under
C
t ti

－ 209 －PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION (Cont)
No

Project Name

DonorsType

Water Supply Project in Mondulkiri

Japan

Grant Aid

OthersInauguration on
25 Apr 20165-2000 m3/day-Network: 26.3 K.m

6

TA on The Method on Water Tariff
Calculation

7

The Project on Water Supplier
Monitoring Systems

8

Water Law Project

WSP/WB

WSP/WB

JICA

Grant Aid

Grant Aid

Finished(July, 2015)

Finished (June, 2016)

Grant Aid

DraftedPROJECT IMPLEMENTATION (Cont)
No

Project Name

DonorsType

Urban Water Supply and Sanitation
Project

ADB

Loan

TA- Updating National Water
Quality Standard

WHO

Grant Aid

Water Safety Plan

WHO

Grand Aid

OthersUnder Selection
Consultant(2014-2019)

9

Approved on 20151011

－ 210 －

Finished (June,2016)

Attachment1

Inception Report-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Position of Water Supply Services
1-1. Legal Basis of Water Supply Services(What kind of laws and regulations are Water Supply Services based on?)
Legal basis of water supply services is Water Laws. Water laws and regulations
being drafted by JICA experts.
1-2. Demarcation of Water Supply Services(Which ministry is in charge of what kind of field of water?)
According to MOU between Ministry of Industry & Handicraft (MIH) and
Ministry of Rural Development (MRD), urban water supply under responsibility by
MIH, rural water supply under responsibility by MRD.
1-3. Main Actor of Water Supply Utilities(e.g. In Japan, most water utilities are public bureau under local government.)
The main actor of water supply utilities is mentioned that public waterworks
and private water operators are under responsibility by Department of Potable
Water Supply (DPWS)/MIH.
1-4. Mission/Vision of Water Supply Utilities
The Mission/Vision of Water Supply Utilities are providing safe, affordable andsustainable water supply for urban population.
1-5. Your Mission/Vision in your organization
My mission/vision in the Department of Potable Water Supply (DPWS) as
below:-

To prepare the policy, strategy and national development plan of the watersupply sector;-

To inspect, monitor and evaluate the implementation of the policy, strategy,
development plan of the water supply sector and updating;-To facilitate and prepare action plan of the water supply sector;-

To manage and collect information and data to organize clean water statistics atthe capital-provinces;-

To manage, collect information and data of water sources;-

To manage, collect information, data and inventory of the public water supply;-

To manage, collect information and data of private water supply;-

To manage and monitor the implementation and progress of the public watersupply;-To manage information technology work related to the-

To provide consultation and training on the management and business
operations;－ 211 －

water supply sector;-To resolve any dispute in business operations and use of public clean water;-

To prepare an evaluation and progress report of the water supply sector.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. Water Supply Service Levels
2-1. Main Performance Indicators (PI)Coverage area(sq. km)Population ServedCollection ratio(%)

Production capacity(m3/day)

Supply duration(hr/day)

Supply pressure
Non-Revenue Water(%)

Water quality
Staff number
Number of connections
Staff/1,000 connections(people/1,000connections)
WATER SUPPLY SERVICES IN CAMBODIA

Description

SihanoukvilleNo. of Staff

KampotSvay Rieng

Kg. ChamMondulkiri

Stung Treng

Tangkrasang

Kampong Thom

StoungBattambang

Pursat

50

36

24

41

13

21

9

29

14

71

36

No. of family in services area

15,328

9,545

8,251

16,400

4,265

5,243

3,442

11,1853,029

31,49011,862

Production Capacity(m3/day)

15,600

6,050

3,250

8,730

480

2,450

500

4,230

930

13,4305,200

No. of Connection

9,498

6,173

3,310

8,422

1,110

2,562

1,205

4,741

2,357

15,584

7,260

Supply Duration (h)

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

Coverage Area(%)

Staff/1000 Connection49%(2015)

56%

31%

41%

62%

65%

40%

51%

5.26
12.4(2015)

NRW (%)
Collection Ratio
Average/month/connection

26%

24

43%

29%

38%

69%

35%

55%

49%

35%

42%

78%

49%

61%

5.83

7.25

4.87

11.71

8.20

7.47

6.12

5.94

4.56

4.96

10.78

10.00

7.81

15.00

20.83

6.52

10.99

7.14

10.93

11.18

10.00

10.00

9.00

10.49

10.00

20.14

6.50

9.00

6.00

13.34

10.00

98.08

100.0091.00

100.00100.00100.00100.0093.00

100.0099.00

100.00

46.96

28.57

29.36

33.73

12.67

23.29

11.86

24.59

11.17

24.14

20.61

Tariff

1,915.00

1,400.00

1,200.00

887.001,900.00

1,500.00

1,500.00

1,500.00

1,800.00

1,500.00

1,600.00

Total Income (Million Riel)

10,146

2,976

1,456

3,021

844

1,088

303

2,234

654

7,856

2,938

Total Expenditurs (Million Riel)

8,894

2,438

1,293

3,363

909

958

281

1,747

513

7,467

2,401

Net Profit (Million Riel)

1,252

538

163

(342)

(65)

130

22

488

141

389

537

2-2. Any Monitoring by Performance Indicators (PI)
Public waterworks has been monitored by 4 main performance indicators:
1. General information
2. Operation indicators
3. Quality indicators and4. Economic indicators.

－ 212 －

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. Management of Water Quality
3-1. Current Situation and Major Challenges/Problems
The urban water sector is facing some significant challenges, which include:-

Incomplete legal and regulatory framework. There is no enacted law for the
management of the urban water supply.

-

Lack of a national level Master Plan and long term investment plan.

-

Lack of staff at central level to adequately manage and exercise oversight of the
public waterworks.

-

Outdated and dilapidated water production and distribution systems.

-

Weak operational performance and limited human resources.

-

Lack of government funding for rehabilitation and the development of new watersupply infrastructure in underserved areas.

-

The sector remains largely dependent on contributions from development
partners.

-

The investment climate is not yet ready for domestic commercial banks to be
actively involved in lending to private water operators.

3-2. Current Actions against Those Challenges/Problems
The key actions against to the challenges:-

Develop a legal framework for urban water supply-

Promote decentralization and de-concentration in the urban water supply sector-

Transfer full autonomy for service delivery to all provincial waterworks-

Increase sector financing-

Improve sector performance and access to safe, affordable and sustainable
water supplies-

Improve water source protection and enforcement of regulations.

3-3. Any Achievements-

Water laws and regulations being drafted by JICA experts.

-

Get support from development partners-

Private sector participation-

Human resources has been improved by organizing theory trainings and
On-Job-Training (OJT)-

Set up SOP

3-4. Water Quality Standards for Drinking Water
National Quality Standards for Drinking Water has approved on 14 July 2015
by Senior Minister of MIH. This work aims to strengthen the control of water－ 213 －

quality standards in the field of urban drinking water for public health protection
policy.
3-5. Monitoring System or Plans for Safety of Drinking Water in Your Organization /Regulatory Body / Independent Institution /Others
Capacity Building and Establishment of Monitoring System for Water Operators
in Cambodia (WSMS) supported by WB/WSP/(JICA) has installed at
Department of Potable Water Supply (DPWS). The system data has such
indicators below:•

Profile Data of Operators•

Reporting Data of Operators
1. Quarterly Report Data
2. Annual Report Data
3. Water Quality Test Report Data

3-6. Implementation of Water Safety Plans* or Similar Efforts(* Water Safety Plans: refer to the following URL and review before
participating in the Course, the Chapter 4 ”Water Safety Plans” ofthe ”Guidelines for drinking-water quality, third edition”
URL: http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/gdwq3_4.pdf )Water Safety Plan Program has approved on 14 July 2015 by Senior Ministerof MIH. Water Safety Plan is a cycle of activities for the prevention and controlof major risk to public health that may arise in the water supply system.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water
4-1. Current Situation and Major Challenges/Problems-

Outdated and dilapidated water production and distribution systems-

Weak operational performance and limited human resources-

Lack of government funding for rehabilitation and the development of new watersupply infrastructure in underserved areas.

-

Main pipes and distribution pipes are dilapidated-

Pipes and fitting no qualities-

Performance works without technical specification-

Lack of water pressures management-

Lack of proper action on maintenance and repair-

No setting up water leakage program.

4-2. Current Actions against Those Challenges/Problems－ 214 －

-Old pipes replacements (main pipes and HH connection)-

Use of pipes and fitting with proper quality-

Organize theory trainings and On-Job-Training (OJT) on Water Leakage
Detection-

Set up SOP-

Water pressure management (daytime/night)-

Repair water leakage on time-

Maintain program for networks and pipes flushing

4-3. Any Achievements
Water supply in the urban areas has increased remarkably, particularly in the
5th mandate of government.
-

Cover rate of the water supply systems in urban areas increased from 68.5% in2012 to over 83% in 2015, measured in the number of families who receive
clean water, up from 400,181 families to more than 550,000 households.

-

The percentages of NRW remarkably reduced from 16% in 2012 to 11% in
2015.

4-4. Constitution of NRW (If you have the data, please fill in the table )Authorized

Revenue

Billed authorized

consumption

water

consumption(m3 /year)(%)

Non-Revenue

Unbilled authorized

Water (NRW)

consumption(m3 /year)(ex. fire fighting, cleaning)
Water losses(%)

Apparent losses( Unauthorized(m3 /year)

consumption (i.e. Illegal(%)use), Customer metering
inaccuracies )Physical losses(Leakage)(m3 /year)(%)

4-4. Situations about Leakage Detection Measures (DMA etc.)-

Weak operational performance and limited human resources-

Main pipes and distribution pipes are dilapidated-

Pipes and fitting no qualities-

Most of public waterworks lack of leakage detection measures (No DMA)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------－ 215 －

5. Accounting system of Water Supply Service
5-1. Water Tariff in your Organization
5-2. Balance Sheet of your Organization
5-3. Profit and Loss Statement of your Organization(*[Public Utilities](1) Profit and Loss Account(2) Capital Income and Expenditures of your Organization)(* You can check the case of Tokyo in the chapter 4 ”Financial System andFuture Financial Management” of this file.
URL:

http://www.waterprofessionals.metro.tokyo.jp/pdf/wst_02.pdf)-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. Major Recent Achievements in Improvement of Water Supply
Services/Management-

The Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) is committed to the development of
the water supply sector. The Royal Government of Cambodia has set theoutlook for the water sector are: "Every urban population access to clean water,
good quality, affordable and sustainable by 2025".

-

Get support from development partners-

Private sector participation-

Human resources has been improved by organizing theory trainings and
On-Job-Training (OJT)-

Set up SOP-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. Recent Challenges to Improvement of Water Supply Services
The urban water sector is facing some significant challenges, which include:-

Incomplete legal and regulatory framework. There is no enacted law for the
management of the urban water supply.

-

Weak operational performance and limited human resources.

-

Lack of government funding for rehabilitation and the development of new watersupply infrastructure in underserved areas.

-

The sector remains largely dependent on contributions from development
partners.

-

The investment climate is not yet ready for domestic commercial banks to be
actively involved in lending to private water operators.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. Expectations toward Japan
8-1. Expectations toward Japanese Government and JICA
Getting more supports and closely builds good cooperation between RGC and－ 216 －

Japanese Government and JICA
8-2. Expectations toward Japanese Water Utilities
Capacity building, training planning, sharing experiences.
8-3. Expectations toward Japanese Private Companies
Getting more information related to water sectors.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. Expectations toward the Program.
(Any comments and requests are appreciated.)
The mission of DPWS is undertake for policies, strategies, principles and legal
standard papers, technical matters, clean water production and supply, toevaluation and progress report preparation related to the water sector. Therefore,
the training and dialogue program from Government of Japan is very crucial for
DPWS’ Officers.
Promote capacity development and power delegation to sub-national level on
guidance on urban water supply businesses and investments in the downtowns
which are not in the coverage of the national development plan.
Develop quality human resource with appropriate quantity to respond to the need
the urban water supply sector development
The trainings related to improve and develop water sectors is to fit to the strategic
goal of urban water supply is to achieve the Millennium Development Goal that atleast 85% of people living in urban areas have access to water supply by 2018, and100% of people living in urban areas will have access to quality, affordable, andsustainable clean water by 2025.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

END.

－ 217 －

Water Supply Administration for Better
Management of Water Supply Services
Inception Report Presentation
1. Country: Cambodia
2. Name : Than Chansovana
3. Position: Deputy Chief Business
Division
4. Organization: Sihanouk Province
Water Supply Authority

1

Table of Contents:
1. Position of Water Supply Services
2. Water Supply Service Levels
3. Management of Water Quality
4. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water
5. Accounting system of Water Supply
Service
6. Major Recent Achievements in
Improvement of Water Supply Services
7. Recent Challenges to Improvement of
Water Supply Services
2－ 218 －

General Country Profile: Background

Cambodia is a country in the South-East Asia nation.
 The main drive of economy in the country are: garment industry,
agriculture, and tourism.
 The per capita is 1,200$.
 The main religion of the country is Buddhism.
 There are 24 provinces and a capital city.
 About 60% of the population are farmers

Whole Country:
Area:

Population :181,035 km2
15 millions Habitants

Coverage Water Supply:83 %Selected Water Supply System/City:
Service Area :936 km2 (estimated)

Population Served:

57.285 thousand3

1. Position of Water Supply Services

We are acting on the regulations issued by the ministry and we are
waiting for water law which is being drafted by JICA experts.



According to the MOU between MIH and MRD, the urban watersupply utilities are under the authority of Ministry of Industry &Handicraft, and the rural water supply is under the authority of Ministryof Rural Development.

The main actor of water supply utilities is Department of Portable
Water Supply under the Ministry of Industry & Handicraft.

4－ 219 －

1. Position of Water Supply Services (Cont’d)Sihanouk Province Water Supply Authority:
Our mission is to supply safe water with affordable price and sustainable.
Our vision is to supply good quality water to all the people in the service

area 24/7.
My vision is to have all the houses in the service area connected to ourpipe line and the collection rate is 100%.
My missions are:

To get more customers to connect to our pipe lineTo make sure the collection rate is highTo make sure the NRW for commercial part is low.

2. Water Supply Service Levels
INDICATORS

2005

2015

Goals for 2025

Staff/1,000 connections

N/A

5.68

4

Production capacity(m3/day)

8,000

8,000

8,00

Water quality

National
Standard

National
Standard

National
Standard

Coverage area

68%

80%

100%

Supply duration (hr/day)

24

24

24

Supply pressure

6-13 bars

6-13 bars

6-13 bars

Number of connections

2,799

8,800

18,000NRW

28%

12.79%

8%

Collection ratio

N/A

97.32%

99.9%

Staff number

N/A

50

72

6

－ 220 －

3. Management of Water Quality

There are 2 sources of water supply. One is that we produce byourselves and the other is that we buy from ANCO Company.

The problem is when the water combine from the 2 sources, there is
no chlorine at the end of the pipe line.

To solve the problem we sent our technician to work in ANCO
Company. As the result, the problem has been solved.

7

3. Management of Water Quality (Cont’d)There is a National Quality Standards for Drinking Water that wasapproved on 14 July 2015 by Senior Minister of MIH.
 We follow the Water Supply Monitoring System which was approvedby the Ministry.
 We have many teams that take responsibility for the safety of thewater such as:

The pumping station team: look after the Prek Tub Lake to prevent people fromthrowing rubbish near or into the water.
The factory team: responsible for controlling the quality of the water before send
it out.
The pip maintaining team: responsible for cleaning the pipe and check forleakage.

－ 221 －

4. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water 1Constitution of Non-revenue Water (If you have the data, please fillin the table )Revenuewater
Authorized
consumption

Systeminput
volumeWater
lossesNon
Revenue
Water
(NRW)

Billed authorized
consumption

4,427,448 m3/year( 87.11%)

Unbilled authorized
consumption(ex. fire fighting, cleaning)

5,378 m3 /year( 0.1%)

Apparent losses( Unauthorized
consumption(i.e. Illegal use),
Customer metering
inaccuracies )152,485 m3
/year
( 3%)

Real losses(Leakage)

492,173 m3/year( 9.68%)9

4. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water 2

There are some problems with the NRW: High pressure results in a lot of water loss while leaking
 Inaccuracy meters (out-of-date meters)
 Responsiveness of the leakage detector team
 We have developed some actions such as: Reform the leakage detector team
 Make plan to change the out-of-date meters Situations about Leakage Detection Measures No DMA zones
 Don’t have exact calculation

10－ 222 －

5. Accounting system of Water Supply Service

We have block tariff:

From 0-7 m3

1,500 Riel

(0.375 US$)

From 8-15 m3

1,800 Riel

(0.45 US$)

From 16 up

2,000 Riel

(0.5 US$)

Profit and Loss AccountProfit: 1,506,849,780.94 Riel

(376,712.44 US$)11

6. Major Recent Achievement in Improvement of
Water Supply Services/Management


We expanded our service area to a new district called Steung Hav.



During summer we don’t have the water shortage problem.

We are installing new main pipes from Kbal Chhay, so that during summer
we will have enough water to supply.

12－ 223 －

7. Recent Challenges to Improvement of Water
Supply Services

We need more budgets to build a new factory in the new area.

We need more budgets to restore the Prek Tub Lake.



Need more experts in water system.

13－ 224 －

－ 225 －Towards 100% Safe Access to Water Supply
WATER SUPPLY SERVICE EXCELLENT FOR THE
FUTURE GENERATIONSERICK VICTORIANTOMINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HOUSINGREPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

1

17,508 islands
255,5 million populations
4,92 % economic growth
total area 5,020,606 km2
5248 km from the western-tip,
Sabang to the eastern-tip
Merauke
34 Provinces, 507 Cities/
Regencies－ 227 －

1. Position of water supply services
LAWS NUMBER 11 OF 1974 IRRIGATIONGOVERNMENT REGULATION NUMBER
122 OF 2015 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMOPERATORS OF WS SYSTEM, CONSIST OF:
1. State Owned Enterprises (BUMN)
2. Regional Owned Enterprises (PDAM)
3. WS Technical Unit (UPTD)
4. Community WSS
5. Bussiness Entity for special needed

WATER SUPPLY SERVICE :

1.
2.
3.
4.

QUALITY
QUANTITYCONTINUITY
AFFORDABILITY

1. Drinking water operators must guarantee that their treated water comply the standards
2. Internal and external monitoring are conducted to maintain the quality of treated water issafe to be consumed

Only few operators and local governments can comply the water quality
standard.
3

2. Water Supply Service Levels－ 228 －

3. Water Supply Service Review
Monitoring by
Performance Indicators

BPPSPAM/BPKP

4 ASPECTS ARE EVALUATED

evaluated the
PDAMs
performance

FINANCIAL ASPECTSSERVICE ASPECTSOPERATIONAL ASPECTS

HR ASPECTS

These assessment will be input to plan, execute,evaluation and monitoring of every programs from
Ministry of Public Works and Housing to PDAMs.

MINISTRY PROGRAMS FOR PDAMs

368 PDAMs AUDITED (2015)

72 PDAMs unhealthy
100 PDAMs
LESS HEALTHY
196 PDAMs HEALTHY
Current Situation and Major
Challenges/Problems

LESS HEALTHTY & UNHEALTHY PDAMs
DEVELOPMENT OF WATER SUPPLYINFRTASTRUCTURE

PHYSICAL ASSISTANCEMANAGEMENT ASSISTANCETRAINING TO IMPROVE HR COMPETENCYHEALTH PDAMs

COE TO ACCELERATE WS EXPERTS
COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT OF WATER SUPPLYINFRTASTRUCTURE

TRAINING TO IMPROVE HR COMPETENCYFACILITATING THIRD PARTIES SOURCE
FUNDINGJOINT

COLLABORATIONINSTITUTIONS/COUNTRIES

WITH

DONOR

SOCIALIZATION TO RAISING AWARENESSOF STRATEGIC ROLE OF WS SECTOR

Current Actions Against The Problems

4. National Policy Water supply towards 100%access by 2019
WS DEVELOPMENT
CHALLENGES

Safe Water Access (2015)

71,05%- Piped Water Network :17,1%- Non Piped Water Supply :53,95%

Idle capacity
37.900 Liter/detik
Avg NRW National: 33%

Limited raw water forwater Supply 128
m3/second
Local Government
Commitment to support
WSD remains low (only0,04% of total APBD)SAFE AND SUSTAINABLE
WATER SUPPLYINVESTMENT PROPORTION(TOTAL 100 T)

SUMBER PEMBIAYAAN RP (T)APBN – reguler
25
APBN supporting bank25
loanBank loan
15
3
PDAM restructurisation%
25%

PDAM internal
B to B
APBD
Special Allocation
TOTAL

7%
5%
10%
10%
100%

Access improvement inlast 5 years is 4,5%
annually

15%
3%

100%

Platform Target Towards
100%

Strategies:

2016- Improvement of safe access
Alternative Financing- Strenghthening Institutional
Capacity- Implementation of Norms,
Standards and Guidelines- Ensuring sustainable raw
water supply- Partnership- Innovative Programs

Program Assistance APBN (205 – 2019) and Contribution House Connection

Programs
SPAM
Regional WSD
Urban WSD

Less healthy PDAM (2014):
103 PDAM (29%)
Unhealthy PDAM (2014):
74 PDAM (20%)

7
5
10
10
100

25%

TARGET 2015-2019

Community
WSD
Scarce Water
Area
Special Region
WSD
Total

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

78,8%

2018
92,1%

2019
100%

84,8%

73,7%

Achieving Safe access to WS
through35%

65%

Piped Water
Network:
10.000.000
HC

Non Piped
WS:
19.653.641
HouseholdTotal
1.040.04
2
3.012.58
9
2.623.37
9-105.000

311.681311.681311.681484.250439.200

696.380696.380696.380

463.680483.840558.620558.620558.62096.0005.920

34.82534.82534.825206.394

282.080

79.894215.121215.121215.121

1.007.33
8

1.326.01
0

1.113.85
4

1.816.626

1.816.6
26

1.816.62
6

7.889.74
2－ 229 －

2015

2017

100% Healthy PDAMs
Technical Assistence
APBN (2015-2019)

 Improvement of Water
Utilities Performance6
 Alternative Financing
 Water Safety Plan
 COE WITH JICA

6. Major Recent Achievement in Improvement of Water Supply
Services/Management
1. Environmental Friendly
Construction

3. Green WTP

2. Minimizing Chemical Usagein WTP Process

7

7. Reducing NRW Level

2015
National average
National target

Program needs

2019

33%

< 20 %± 89% PDAMs > 20%
Mostly less healthy and sick
PDAMs

NRW level in all PDAMs is <20%

• Raises stakeholders commitment• Improves human resources competency (ex:CoE program)• Acquires more alternative funding resources todevelop District Meter Areas (DMA)• Establishes supporting policies

Road Map for comprehensive programs－ 230 －

8. Implementation of Water Safety Plans
1.

Ministry of Public Works, Ministry of Health and Ministry of National Planning has socialized
Water Security Plan models in Indonesia.

2.

In practice, water operators (PDAMs) is still weak in identification and management of risk.
Water Safety Plan is presumed as end of pipe approach rather than anticipatory problem.

3.

Only few PDAMs have shown full commitment and reliable resources to apply Water Safety
Plan for instance PDAM Malang and PDAM Banjarmasin.

4.

Most of PDAMs have not implemented Water Safety Plan concept as well as lack of resources toapply it. These challenges come from lack of understanding of WSP concept, lack of commitment
from top management, lack of competency of human resources and lack of funding.

5.

Ministry of Public Works as responsible ministry to supervise and assist PDAMs will establish
Ministry of Public Works Regulations to oblige water operators preferably PDAMs to apply Water
Safety Plan.

－ 231 －

－ 233 －Country : Iraq /Baghdad
Name : Rafid abdulateef
Position : Head of water department
Organization : AL-Mansuor MunicipalityIt’s a country in western of Asia

 Iraqi borders

from the west Syria & Jordan
from north turkey
from east Iranfrom south Saudi Arabia－ 235 －

－ 236 －The capital city is BAGHDAD its in the centereast of the country .
 Two major rivers in Iraq ( Tigris & Euphrates )run through the center of Iraq from the north tothe south .
• population of Iraq is : 32,000,000 persons
－ 237 －

Iraq is located between latitudes (29 and 38 N )and longitudes ( 39 and 49 E ) The area of Iraq is ( 438,317) km²
 The most of Iraq has a hot and arid , summer
temperatures average above 40 C° - 48 C° and in
winter temperatures average its between
15 – 2 C° in maximum .
The design capacity in all water projects= 4.176.000m3/day
 The actual capacity in all water projects= 3.598.038m3/day
 The causes extinction WTP and old.
－ 238 －

No

Name of Project

Capacity(design)
1000m3/day

Capacity ( actual)1000 m3/day

1

Karkh

1250

1150

2

Sharq Dijla

680

575

3

Karama

210

155

4

Qadisia

135

90

5

Dora

112

100

6

Wathbe

108

76

7

Wehda

72

72

8

Rashed

68

45

9

Sader

96

95

10

Jadeeria

58

45

11

Rusafa

910

820

Total

3699

3223

－ 239 －No

Name

Capacity 1000 m3

1

North Storage Tank

600

2South Storage Tank

300

3

Abu Kreab

50

4

Tajee

50

No

Nam

Capacity 1000m3/day

1

Kanat

432

2

Etifia80

3

Abu noas

260

4

Zafarnia

75

5Jaderia

164

6

Ksra

4

－ 240 －

－ 241 －My mission in the organization is :• To guide the operation in the plant to withdrawal water from the water supply anddelivery it to the water treatment plants.
• Monitoring on maintenance of pumps and related equipments to unsure the plant isworking with full capacity without any obstructs• All water treatment plants have laboratory making tests on the samples of water
to make sure the drinking water specifications are subjected to Iraqi standard for
drinking water so we noticed that the average values of CCME WQIs (range from 37
to 42) indicate that water quality for drinking uses can be rated as poor in all site thismay reflect the Discharge of pollutants to a water resource system from domestic
sewers, storm water discharges, industrial wastes discharges, and other sources, all ofwhich may be untreated, can have significant effects of both short term and long term
duration on the quality of a river system.

Main Performance Indicators
Coverage area
Population Served

4.5(sq.km)5 950 000

Collection ratio

77

Production capacity

4 167 000

(m3/day)

Supply duration

24(hr/day)2
barSupply pressure

Non-Revenue Water

30

Water quality

(%)
good

Staff number

Number of connection

(%)

2400
600 000－ 242 －

3-1 In addition to the major projects for the production of water andthere are units for the production of water to effected areas and thepresence of health facility areas illegally and water networks
reconstructed by 8% and the presence of illegally connecting tothat houses .
3-2 The current Actions against those challenges :- complete the Ruafa water project and running at full capacity .
- Complete renewall of pure water network .
- complete expansions old project .
- Fastening illegal pipes and the work of general candle stead .
3-3 Achievement labour :- The operati- on of the first phase of the Rusafa water project.
- it was renovated 80% of the water network .
- complete expansions of akarama , al qadisiyu, alwathba

Water treatment plants issued the Customer Service Standards
to meet the requirements of the Water Supply (Safety andReliability) Act 2008.
These performance indicators will be used to measure our
performance each year and will be reviewed and publicly
reported against annually.
Quality of Water Supply
Parameter

ADWG &/or regulation
Value

TargetE . coli

Nil detected

NilFree Chlorine

0.3 - 2 mg/l

4 mg/lMinimum water pressure
expectation at boundary

65 meters

65 meters

turbidity

0.2 -3 PPm

5 PPm－ 243 －

The amount of Revenue &Non Revenue water in Baghdad table

The Non revenue water to be determined
approximately 30% .
 Total population in services area
approximately = 7,000,000 person.


Subscription and Fee
Number of subscriptions = 600000
Until Oct. 2015
 The illegal connection = 50000
－ 244 －

Non-revenue Water Management ( Leakage
Contro) Implementation Department, Rusafa Networks
Section, Karkh Networks Section.
 No. of Personnel: 60Leakage Detection Work System: The Section of Non Revenue Water Not beendeveloped yet, Only Fixed The Leakage Appear on
the surface.
Measures for Illegal Use: Impose fines on transgressors of drinking water
network as show below:
 Diameter of the hole
Amount of the fine 12 mm
42$
 18mm63$
 25mm84$
 37mm
190$
 50mm
338$
 75mm and more422$
The claim amounts of water consumed withretrospective effect from the date 1/ January/ 2003

－ 245 －

problems Currently Faced: On the subject of Non Revenue Water:
1.
Lack of control on discharge and pressure
water.
2.
There are large numbers of transgressors on
water network system.
3.
Difficulty using the leakage detection devices
cause a low pressure in water pipes networks
and we can using in the night because thenoise disappearance

4. The meters installed in houses a few and large
numbers of them do not work properly causing
the difficulty of knowing consumption perperson.
5. Require construct reinforcement concretechambers on the feeding pipes to get Pressure
and Discharge data.

－ 246 －

Impose fines on transgressors of drinking
water network and the claim amounts of water
consumed with retrospective effect from thedate 1/ January/ 2003.
 Rehabilitation the projects.
 The completion and operation of the Rusafa
water project second phase Renewal water pipes networks.
 Control on water pipes networks by installing
flow meter and pressure water devices.
 Leakages detection.
I will focus on two points are more important now

1- Illegal connections
2- leakage in pipelines－ 247 －



We have a big number of illegal connections rated in
15% from all of users in city of Baghdad
unregistered in data base and without pay to water .
Some of them extend to a long distance of more than(100)m , and causes broken service pipes also leads to
big leakage . This connections as shown :Areawith newpipelines
network

New area
without
pipelines
network

Servicepipes Illegal
connections－ 248 －

The length of water distribution network in
Baghdad more than 7000 km . Was
renewed 80% of this network until now .
Remaining 20% old pipelines- we have leakage in this old pipes .
- some pipes are broken because of anotherinstitutions work ( electricity , sewage ,roads works… ets ) .

1- For illegal connections.
-Search house after house for illegal users .
Impose heavy fines .
Disconnect illegal connections .

2-For leakage in pipelines .
-Renewal the remainder of old pipelines .
Repair visible leakage .
Repair leakage under ground .

－ 249 －

1- For illegal connections-

Increase tariff of water collection.(now 5% of the cost of
production per cubic meter)
Increase fines ratio of 50% of current fines .
Registration all of illegal connections in the data base ofbilling system .
Install meters to them .
Issue billing of collecting water fees for these illegal users. To pay for water

2-For prevention leakage-

Establishment a NON-REVENUE water section In
implementation department with 10 staff .
Training staff in our institute to detecting leakages .
Processing this section with the necessary equipments forleakage detection .

After that we can achieve our target by
reducing (NRW) ratio from 35% to

12% … as follow :Illegal connection from 15% to 5%
 Leakage in pipelines form
15% to 5% Other
5% to 2%


－ 250 －

Request support from JICA and waterworks
in Nagoya to: Joining JICA”S projects or program as
resources person like a lecture or aconsultant.
Improvement institution, system.
 Improvement management in institutions.


The water tariff in Iraq is very cheap. its
approximately 7 diners for each cubic
meter of drinking water which doesn’tcover the price for supplied water－ 251 －

Was completed several projects in the field oftreatment of water scarcity in the Rusafa we are
opening the first phase amounting to 910,000m3 / dayof water Rusafa great station during this summer tocontribute to address fully and will begin the second
phase of 1290.000 m3 / day to provide the necessary
water for every consumer in Baghdad to 2030

decrease in the amount of water supplied to consumers
because of the lack of spare parts at production units whichusually causes stoppage of production plants.



The absence of updated drawing and (flow & pressure)measurements on the primary and distribution networks
resulting in heavy reliance on the experience of operating
staff.



Water quality control is facing difficulties due to lack ofmodern laboratories, equipment, instrumentation, computers,
culture growing media, chemicals, etc.

Illegal connections & leakage in pipelines.

－ 252 －



I hope that the Japanese companies to visit Baghdad and
help:



1. good training technical staff for maintenance projects



2-provision of spare parts for electrical and mechanicalequipment

3-develop the water tariff system

4-- introduction of modern systems in the operation of
stations and water network .

BWA Target :Expects to provide 4,130 km³/day at 2015Completion of Rusafa water treatment plant (2260 km³/d) with
its trunk pipelines (approx. 200 km long)Restructuring potable networks to solve the problem of pipes
leakage to reduce UFW.

Construction of new raw water network to supply the green
areas and garden with raw water and prevent the use of treatedpotable water.

Rehabilitation of the existing plants, boosting stations,reservoirs, on yearly basis to sustain the annual production
efficiency.

－ 253 －

－ 255 －For
Accepted Participants Only ≪by 7th October (Fri), 2016≫

Attachment 2
Water Supply Administration for Better
Management of Water Supply Services
Inception Report Presentation
1. Country: Lao PDR
2. Name: Mr. Ladda Philavong
3. Position: Head of Planning &Inventory Section.
4. Organization: Luang Prabang Water
Supply State-owned Enterprise.
1

Inception Report Presentation
Each applicant is kindly requested to make presentation of Inception
Report (M/S Power Point file with less than 15 slides) which cover thefollowing 7 topics about the individual water supply company/public
water supply authority to which the participant belongs.

Presentation time: 15 minutes including Q/A

7 topics:
 1. Position of Water Supply Services
 2. Water Supply Service Levels
 3. Management of Water Quality
 4. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water
 5. Accounting system of Water Supply Service
 6. Major Recent Achievements in Improvement of Water
Supply Services
 7. Recent Challenges to Improvement of Water Supply
Services2－ 257 －

General Country Profile: Background

Whole Country: Lao PDR
Area: 236,800 km2

Population : 6,806,000 Habitants
Coverage Water Supply: 67%

The Lao People’s Democratic
Republic (Lao PDR) wasestablished in December 1975.
Consist of 17 Provinces and one
Capital.



Lao PDR is a land rock country
bordering Myanmar, Cambodia,
China, Thailand, and Vietnam.

Joined the Association of South
East Asian Nations (ASEAN) in
1997, the World Trade
Organization (WTO) in 2013 andthe ASEAN Economic Community(AEC) in 2015.

Selected Water Supply System/City: LuangPrabang Province
Service Area : 2,500

km2

Provincial Population: 284,000 people.

3

Population Served: 95,678 people

1. Position of Water Supply Services


The Water Supply State-Owned
Enterprise Luang Prabang wasestablished on 01 January 1997 underthe Business Law No 03/94 dated 18
July 1994 (before called branch of Lao
Water Supply State-Owned Enterprise) .

The Luang Prabang Province is locatedin central of Northern of the Lao PDR,
was formed Lao capital from the 14 th tothe 16 th century the town became thecapital of the powerful kingdom of Lane
Xang (Lao PDR).

The city has been well known for its
ancient history with numerous of bothnatural and historical sites of temples
and monasteries in Southeast Asia. The
ancient town of Luang Prabang was
finally registered as the official World
Heritage Site by UNESCO since 1995.

Province
location－ 258 －

4

2. Water Supply Service Levels
Please fill in variation of the indicators below based on yoursituation!
(Example)
INDICATORS

2004 or 20052014 or 2015

Goals for 2025

Staff/1,000 connections

6.8

5.5

4

Production capacity(m3/day)

16,50035,00052,000

Water quality

None

WHO
Guidelines

WHO
Guidelines

Coverage area

26.5%

53.2%

85%

Supply duration (hr/day)

24

24

24

Supply pressure

No data

1 bars

1 barsNumber of connections

6,911

19,83140,942

NRW

25%

23.9%

20%

Collection ratio

48%

53.18%

90%

Staff number

65

110

160

5

3. Management of Water Quality


Water quality
standard of all watersupply state
enterprise need tofollow the Minister’s
Decision of Health no561/MoH date
27/2/2014 in the partIV, article 8-12 .
 Checking andmonitoring points inservice areas with 4parameters:
CL2,Turbidity,PH,Color Determined sampling
point as table below:

6－ 259 －

4. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water 1Constitution of Non-revenue Water (If you have the data, please fillin the table )Revenuewater
Authorized
consumption

Systeminput
volumeWater
lossesNon
Revenue
Water
(NRW)

Billed authorized
consumption

7,408,839 m3/year( 76.09%)

Unbilled authorized
consumption(ex. fire fighting, cleaning)

7,960 m3 /year( 0.08%)

Apparent losses( Unauthorized
consumption(i.e. Illegal use),
Customer metering
inaccuracies )2,319,923 m3
/year
( %)

Real losses(Leakage)

None data m3/year 7( %)4. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water 2
 No DMA yet and a bit high waterleakage.
 Water demand is higher than

supply.
 JICA experts teach us for makeplan and take action inprevention Non-Revenue Water
as doing minimum night flow,
service pipe information
improvement, master meter
improvement, renewal andimprovement of water meter
installation place, planned waterleakage inspection, repair
framework improvement, waterpressure management, andaging pipe renewal.
8－ 260 －

5. Accounting system of Water Supply Service
This table isshow theenterprisefinancialstatement as
the results of
the year 2012 to2015 and
forecasting for2016 to 2020.
 This model you
can find profit &loss, balance ofcapital andsome importantdata as loanbalance andetc…
9

6. Major Recent Achievement in Improvement of
Water Supply Services/Management
 Good chance that has been selected from JICA to one ofthree pilot projects in the Capacity Development Projectfor Improvement of Management Ability of Water Supply
Authority (MaWaSU).
 To collect and manage important data and transfer data
into annual report, do short-mid-long term plan, using
data into monitoring goals by performance indicators inwater supply guideline.
 Improvement services, do customer survey andestablish call center, do water supply class room that isawareness the children understand how clear water
come from and try to save it.
 clear our goals and our staff can involve and chair ideas
for the enterprise development by On the Job Training(OJT) thought 3 main ideas: Safe, Stable and10
Sustainable as Japanese system.
－ 261 －

7. Recent Challenges to Improvement of Water
Supply Services
 We are fallowing the demand (supply lower thandemand) we cannot expansion and supply clear
water to our customers with standard pressure in 24
hrs.
 In the province, only 6 service areas have watersupply system and 13 service areas have not watersupply system.
 Human resource development in water work orenterprise is not good system.
 Lack of staff is good at water work technical andmanagement.
 Due to low-income country, we are insufficient fund todevelop our people and facilities.
11

Thank you

Luangprabang city is World Heritage Site.
－ 262 －

－ 263 －A. General Information(1)The current situation of water resources in Yangon City.
1.1

The geographical background (The proportion of forest, residential land, river,etc.)
Hlaing River, Bago river,Yangon River

PhyugyiNgamoeyeik WTP

Ngamoeyeik
Dagon-(54) &107(2 MGD)(1 MGD)

GyobyuThaephyu(54 MGD)

43 Mile17 Mile

(45
MGD +
45
MGD)

－ 265 －

Yangonpauk

1.2

Average annual rainfall
Average annual rainfall=2700mm

1.3

The type of available water resources and those situations
Current water supply sources are classified as surface water source stored inreservoirs, tube wells from groundwater, and others. Now, we have new Kokkowa
project taking from river source.
1.4

The intake water volume per one day, per one year
The current water capacity is 931,636 m3/day (201 MGD).Thepresent water

sources are mainly reservoirs of Gyobyu, Phugyi, Hlawga and Ngamoeyeik distribute
840,908m3/day(185MGD). YCDC has 425 tube well pumps with maximum yield amountof 72,727 m3/day(16 MGD).
1.5

The type of water resources for the future
In future, we will use river source for water supply service.

(2) The current situation of water supply services in our country
2.1 The population ratio to be served and not to be served drinking water
The population of Yangon city is developed by 1,250,000 between 1998 and 2011
with the corresponding growth rate of 2.58%. During the period of 11 years, the watersupply service population increased by 480,000 (1,920,000 -1,440,000). This show thatabout 45,000 service population increased in yearly. According to the census for thewhole country Myanmar in 2014,the population of Yangon is adopted about 5.2 million.
The estimated served population for drinking water is about 1.7 million at present.
2.2 Proportion of consumers with 24 hours supply, average number of hours per
day of water availability to most people
The service hours varies widely between 24 hours and 6 hours a day depending on
areas. Average supply duration is estimated as 8 hours per day.
(3) Does the distribution water use for the potable water directly?
Yes, nearly 50% of distribution water use for the potable water directly.
(4) Non revenue water (NRW)The NRW ratio is 66%.

－ 266 －

(5) Private Sector Participation in our country.
5.1 The status of Private Sector Investment and its area (e.g. Water resource
development,

Water treatment, Water distribution, Organization management, Bill

collection, leakage repair, etc.)
No private sector participation.All of staffs are government employees.
5.2 The current situation of involvement of national government in water supply services(e.g. Water rates, Personnel employment, O/M budgeting, Capital investment, etc.)
The present water tariff rate is collected 2012-2013 Financial Year, according to thepermission of Yangon Regional Government

Current Water Tariff Structure
Category

Flat Rate

Metered Rate(Ks/m3)(Ks/month)
Religious(temple, mosque,Free

Doesn’t apply

Households (domestic I)

1875

88

Households(domestic II)

3000

88

Government-

88

Commercial/industry-

110

Foreign (Commercial)-

880

Foreign (Household)-

440

Foreign (Hotel, Motel, Inn, …)-

880

Church, pagoda).

－ 267 －

5.3 The Budget Permission from Parliament, Union Government, Regional Government to
YCDC’s Budget Department.

－ 268 －

(5) Related Figures

Instructions for completing the form
1. All information provided should be for the fiscal year 2014 or most recent data if 2014
year’s data is unavailable (please indicate the year of the data available).
2. For all financial information, please specify in the local currency with equivalent US
dollars.
3. When a value is zero, please enter ‘0’.
I. Service Area
1 Size of Utility’s area of Responsibility: ( 730 sq. km)
2 Population of Utility’s area of responsibility: ( 5.2 million )3 Population of Utility’s present service area:( 1.8 million )4 Number of towns served with piped water: ( 30 )II. Water Consumption & Production
1 Volume of water produced by the Utility: ( 931,636 m3/day)( 34 million m3 / year)

2 Volume of water bought in bulk from other utility / company: ( 0 million m3 / year)
3 Volume of water metered: (11.56 million m3 / year)
4 Estimated un-metered consumption: (14 % of metered consumption)
III. Water Supply System Performance
1 Number of customers who received intermittent supply is no record.
2 Typical duration of supply (planned and unplanned supply interruptions): ( 8 hours / day)3 We are now preparing for Chlorine facility.
IV. Staff
1 Who does the work in your company: (please tick relevant boxes)□ permanent staff . salaried Government employees
30□ permanent staff . with contract□ casual / part-time . contract staff□ casual / part-time . wages□ contracted out to outside company / agency－ 269 －

2 Number of staff in our organization:
Corporate Services

Water Supply

Other non water supply(Management,(O&M, Customer(e.g. wastewater, drainage,

Admin, Finance,

Services, Support

environment services)

Technical, etc.)

Services, etc)

134 staffs

1882 staffs

149 staffs

TOTAL

2165 staffs

We have no part time staff.
V. Customers
Number of new customers connected to water supply system during the year:(Average 5200 connections / month)(Data from Jan To March 2016)－ 270 －

Attachment 2
Inception Report Presentation

Water Supply Administration for Better
Management of Water Supply
Services(B)1.Country:

The Republic of Union of Myanmar

2.Name:Mr. Aung Moe Kyaw

3.Position:

Sub Assistant Engineer

4.Organization: Engineering Department(Water and Sanitation)
Yangon City Development Committee

Topics
1. Position of Water Supply Services
2. Water Supply Service Levels
3. Management of Water Quality
4. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water
5. Accounting System of Water Supply Services
6. Major Recent Achievements in Improvement of
Water Supply Services
7. Recent Challenges to Improvement of Water
Supply Services－ 271 －

1. Position of Water Supply Services

2. Water Supply Service Levels(1)Gyobyu(27 MGD)

Ngamoeyeik

Phyugyi(54 MGD)

Ngamoeyeik WTP(45 MGD + 45 MGD)

Lagunbyin
Project

Kokkowa Project
HlawgaThaephyu(14 MGD)(1 MGD)

Dagon-(54) & 107(2 MGD)

Yegu P/S

Kokkine S/R
Shwedagon S/R

Yangonpauk(1 MGD)－ 272 －

2. Water Supply Service Levels(2)Hlawga Reservoir

14 MGD(63,637m3/day)

Gyobyu Reservoir

27 MGD(122,727m3/day)Phugyi Reservoir

54 MGD(245,454m3/day)Ngamoeyeik water Treatment plant

90 MGD(409,090m3/day)

Tube Wells (425 Nos.)

16 MGD(72,727m3/day)

Total

201 MGD(913,636m3/day)

Surface Water

90 %Ground Water

10%

Ongoing Projects
Lagunpyin Project

40 MGD

Total Population

5.0 Million

Kokkowa River Project 60 MGD

Service Population

1.8 Million(First Phase)

Lagunpyin Water Supply Project
Pump Station,
Disinfection and
SCADA .

Transmission Line

Distribution Line

Bago River crossing－ 273 －

Kokkowa Water Supply Project

DMP L=43.2 km
DP L=636.9 km
DMA=27 Nos.

Land Fill for WTP

PPP

Kokkowa WTP 60 MG

Pump Replacement
at Yegu PS

TP Φ1600, L=21.4 km

Central SR 8.3 MG(High)DMP L=22.9 km
DP L=212.0 km
DMA=19 Nos.

P
P

Zone 9 SR V=12.2 MG
With Relay PSP

TP Φ1600, L=17.2 km
TP Φ1400, L=2.9 km
Crossing Hlaing Riverby Shield method: Scope of YCDC Own budget: Scope of JICA Loan Project7

Abbreviations
WTP: Water Treatment Plant
SR: Service Reservoir
TP: Transmission pipe
DMP: Distribution Main Pipe
DP: Distribution Pipe
DMA: District Metered Area

Repair of Kokine SR 20 MG (Low)
DMP L=38.5 km
DP L=218.3 km
DMA=18 Nos.

2. Water Supply Service Levels(3)Master Plan Target for 2040
Target Year

Performance Indicators
(PIs)

2013

2018

2020

2025

2030

2035

2040

Non-revenue water (%)

66

51

46

35

26

20

15

Leakage rate (%)

50

37

33

25

18

13

10

Demand coverage (%)

35

45

50

60

65

70

80

Served population (million)

1.8

2.6

3.0

4.1

5.1

6.2

8.0

Water consumption (gpcd)

30

30

30

35

35

35

40

Avg. Supply Pressure (bar)

0.75

> 1.5

Avg. Supply duration

8hrs.

24hrs.

(hour)
Water quality

PotableDrinkable－ 274 －

3. Management of Water Quality (1)New Monitoring Plan
(Monitoring Points And Frequency)
Number oflocation

Sampling
frequency

Number ofsample/month

GyoPhyu R, Phugyi R, Hlawga R(Analysis in laboratory)

3

monthly

3

Yangonpauk, Thaephyu, South Dagon54,
South Dagon107

45

Monthly

45

Aungtagon P/S

１Monthly１

Nyaunghnapin WTP Raw water

1

Monthly1

Nyaunghnapin WTP Treated water2

Weekly8

Pumping Station

Yegu Pumping Station2

weekly8

Tube well

33 TS (308Tube wells)

308 Every 4 months

77

1 sampling point / Township

27 Every 4 months

8

Few points in Township

4

Daily

-By TS staff

Lagunpyin creek, Kokkowa river

3

Monthly3

Category
Reservoir
Supply source of YCDC Tube well (Main water
piped water
source)Raw water P/S

Location

Nyaunghnapin WTP
Waterworks facility

Consumer

Tap

Baseline survey offuture water source

River water

Total number of sample

154

Monthly work volume = 154
Now we use this monitoring plan as water quality monitoring plan

Progress For Water Quality Parameters
No

Measurable Parameters

Units

WHO Guidelines
Standard

Standard valueof MNDWQS

1Total Coliform

MPN/100ml

0

0 in 100 ml

2

Fecal Coliform

MPN/100ml

0

0 in 100ml

3

Taste

mg/l

No Objectionable
Taste

4

Odor

mg/l

No Objectionable
Odor

5

Color

TCU

15

15

6

Turbidity

NTU

5

5

7

Arsenic

0.05

0.05

8

Lead

mg/l

0.01

0.01

9

Nitrate

mg/l

50

50

10

Manganese

mg/l

0.5

0.4

mg/l

－ 275 －

Progress For Water Quality Parameters
No

Measurable Parameters

Units

WHO Guidelines
Standard

Standard valueof MNDWQS

11Chloride

mg/l

250

250

12

Hardness

500

500

13

Iron

mg/l

0.3

1

14

pH

mg/l

6.5-8.5

6.5-8.5

15

Sulphate

mg/l

250

250

16

Total Dissolved Solids(TDS)

mg/l

1000

1000

17

Calcium

NTU

200

200

18

Magnesium

TCU

150

150

19

Nitrite

mg/l

3

3

20

Ammonia Nitrogen

mg/l

1.5

1.5

mg/l

Progress For Water Quality Parameters
No

Measurable Parameters

Units

WHO Guidelines
Standard

Standard valueof MNDWQS

21Electrical Conductivity

μS/cm

-

1500

22

Total Alklinity

mg/l

250

30-25023

Salinity

psu

0.5

0-0.5

24

Zinc

mg/l

-

3

25

Residual Chlorine

mg /l

0.2 (minimum)-－ 276 －

4. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water
COMPONENTS OF NRW
Unbilled
Authorized
Consumption

NonRevenue
Water

Such as Pipeline Flushing, Fire Fighting, Utility Use
Leakage on Transmission and/or
Distribution Mains
Leakage on Service Connections up
to Customers’ Meters
Leakage and Overflows at Utility's
Storage Tanks
Illegal Connection

Real(Physical)
LossesWater Losses
Apparent(Administrative)
LossesUnauthorized
Consumption

Meter by-PassMeter Tampering
Under-Registration

Metering
Inaccuracies

False Reading
Data Handling Errors

5. Accounting System of Water Supply
Services(1)• Started implemented Union Fundsince 2011 October 1.
• Government Accounting System• Single Entry• Non Profit and Loss ( Account +Balance Sheet)－ 277 －

5. Accounting System of Water Supply
Services(2)Water supply account is included in the general account of YCDC and using thegovernment account systemWe don’t have anything 1 USD = 1270 Kyat
160000.000

profit & Loss Account

We can’t make thedepreciation accounteffectively.

145767.784

145726.940

140000.000
120000.000

Million Kyat

and Balance Sheet.

Financial Status of YCDC and WSD(2013-2014)

100000.000
80000.000
60000.000

44100.018

40000.000
20000.000

8232.968

0.000

million Kyat
2013-2014

Total Icome(YCDC)

Total Income(WSD)

Total Expenditure(YCDC)

Total Expenditure(WSD)

5. Accounting System of Water Supply
Services(3)The present water tariff rate is collected according to the permission of Yangon Regional Government.



Present Rate Started to collect in 2012-2013 Financial Year.

－ 278 －

 1 USD = 1270 Kyat

5. Accounting System of Water Supply
Services(4)• Situation of Finance

Water tariff rate is lower
than costs and lower thanother countries.

So, income not equal
Expenditure.



The deficit has beengetting bigger.

• Situation ofBilling and CollectionIn Yangon, can distribute only
portable water.

 1 USD = 1270 Kyat

Progress of Income and Expenditure in WSD
120000.000
100000.000

Million Kyat



80000.000
60000.000
40000.000
20000.000
0.000

We cannot collect thewater tariff fully.
We cannot protect the
non-revenue water.

million Kyat

million Kyat

million Kyat

million Kyat

million Kyat

2011-20122012-20132013-20142014-2015

2015-2016

Operation Expenditure(WSD)

Capital Expenditure(WSD)

ODA Loans(Expenditure)

Operation Icome(WSD)

Capital Icome(WSD)

ODA Loans(Income)

6. Major Recent Achievements in Improvement of
Water Supply Services• Our organization implemented new sections, such as
water treatment section, HR section, Design section,
Planning section, NRW section, Customer service,
Public relationship section and Transmission Pipesection according to suggestion of Technical
Assistant (TA) Team from JICA.
• Now we are preparing to install the flow meter at
every reservoirs and pumping station outlets, withthe aids of JICA TA teams. After that we canmonitoring the amount of water to distribute tocustomers.

－ 279 －

7. Recent Challenges to Improvement of Water
Supply Services• We Need more treated water for customer because wehave only water treatment plant (Nga Moe Yeik) 90 MGD(409,090m3/day).
• We need more DMA Project to reduce NRW Ratio.

－ 280 －

－ 281 －FromK C Chandra Bahadur , NEPAL

Attachment 2
Water Supply Administration for Better
Management of Water Supply Services
Inception Report Presentation
1. Country: NEPAL
2. Name: CHANDRA K C
3. Position: Regional Director
4. Organization: MWSS
1

General Country Profile: Background

Least Developed country with high poverty rate
Struggling to cope with development needs with politicalinstability, insurgency and EQ destruction of the recent past
 In a transition phase in every area …. Including water supply

Whole Country:
Area: 147,181

km2

Population : 26,494,501 Habitants (2011)
Coverage Water Supply: 84% (Basic)

Selected Water Supply System/City:
Service Area : 124 km2
Population Served: 48 thousand2－ 283 －

1. Position of Water Supply ServicesPredominantly, water supply in Nepal is basic level supply
Effort is made to improve the service level to higher
This presentation contains an example of small town
trying to evolve water supply service to a better level3

2. Water Supply Service Levels(Performance Indicators of a small scheme)
INDICATORS

2005

2015

Goals for 2025

Staff/1,000 connections

10

3.18

2.81

Production capacity(m3/day)

4,000

6,400

8,400

Water quality

None

WHO
Guidelines

WHO
Guidelines

Coverage area

50%

80%

90%

Supply duration (hr/day)

8

18

24

Supply pressure

0.5 bar

0.5 -2.0 bars

2.5 bars

Number of connections

3000

8900

16,000

NRW

44%

36%

20%

Collection ratio

80%

95%

98%

Staff number

6

28

45

－ 284 －

4

3. Management of Water Quality(Water Safety Plans)
Formation of water safety plan sub-committee, October 14,
2009. & re-formed in 12 Sept. 2013.


Total members in WSP sub-committee = 21 nos.comparising
representatives from Municipality, Hospital, Schools, Civil
Society, Political etc.



Water safety plan applied in October 14, 20095

Activities under Water Safety Plan Water Sample Taking at Private Tap for Bacteria
Checking

6－ 285 －

4. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water 1Constitution of Non-revenue Water (If you have the data, please fillin the table )Authorized
consumption
4110

Systeminput
volume6400

Water
losses

Revenue
water
4090

Non
Revenue
Water
(NRW)
2310

2290

Billed authorized
consumption
4090
Unbilled authorized
consumption(ex. fire fighting, cleaning)
20
Apparent losses( Unauthorized
consumption(i.e. Illegal use),
Customer metering
inaccuracies )1799

1,492,850 m3/year( 64%)
7300 m3 /year( 0.31%)

656,635m3/year( 28.1%)

7

Real losses(Leakage)

179,215m3/year

4. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water 2
Area of concern:• No data of input supply volume and consumption.
• No knowledge of NRW.
• No recorded data of leakages & breakages of pipe.
• No idea about leak detection methods.

8－ 286 －

3 Major Leaks Detected at Dandakonak Water Supply System

Leakage of
Pipe since 23 years
Leakage of Pipesince 6-9 months

More Leaks Detected in the Network－ 287 －

Achievements
 Bulk Meter Installed After Filter

 Bulk Meter Installed in Inlet and Outlet of All RVT

5. Accounting system of Water Supply ServiceOut sourcing of bill payment adopted.
Online bill payment adopted
Meter Reading posting through mobile app.

12

－ 288 －

Financial Data About Water Utility :• Project Cost (2005) :Rs. 25,20,17,186• Nepal Government Contribution :Rs. 12,74,39,710• Users Committee :Rs. 12,45,77,476• Annual Total O&M Cost (2015) :Rs. 1,72,54,649• Annual Water Tariff Collected (2015) : Rs. 3,30,15,938• Annual Billings (2015):

Rs. 3,45,85,396

Financial Data About Water Utility :• Total Loan of TDF :Rs. 8,27,21,096• Loan Paid to TDF :Rs. 8,10,19,098• Loan to be Paid to TDF:

RS. 3,19,28,516• Total Income of FY 2015 :Rs. 5,49,23,920• Total Expenses of 2015 :Rs. 4,51,88,068－ 289 －

6. Major Recent Achievement in Improvement of
Water Supply Services/Management

The problem of NRW is realized and work towards reduction of
NRW is initiated.



Future development plan is in place.



The utility is making profit.



The utility is trying to adopt new technology.

Some work is going on for WQ improvement.

15

7. Recent Challenges to Improvement of Water
Supply Services

Difficult to maintain equal pressure in all clusters.

Road expansion work damages distribution pipeline frequently.

Frequent breakage of HDPE pipe.

Lack of proper instrument & manpower in water testing lab.




Difficult to maintain FRC at end points of taps.
Huge NRW.
Resource constraints for development and expansion.

16－ 290 －

－ 291 －PRESENTATIONON
INCEPTION REPORT AND
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMWASA-LAHORESYNOPSIS OF PRESENTATIONINTRODUCTION TO WASA, LAHOREDESCRIPTIVE MAP OF PAKISTAN, LAHORE & WASA JURISDICTIONMISSION IN WATER UTILITY

CURRENT SITUATION AND CHALLENGESWATER QUALITY STANDARDS IMPLEMENTED AT WASA LAHORENON REVENUE WATERACCOUNTING MECHANISM OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMPROPOSED TARGETS－ 293 －

INTRODUCTION TO WASA LAHORE• Before 1967With Lahore Municipal Corporation• 1967 – 1976Water Wing, Lahore Improvement Trust.
• 1976- WASA (LDA) Created as Agency of LDA
under LDA Act –1975. Chairman – LDA (Chief
Executive of the Province)• 2001- District Nazim notified as Chairman, LDA
Governing Body reconstituted.
• 2013- Ordinance 2013 – Chief Executive of theProvince is Notified as Chairman LDA.

FUNCTIONS (As per Act)
A. Develop, operate and maintain water supply, sewerageand drainage systems within the service area of the Waterand Sanitation Agency to be established under section
10(2) of this Act. (Section 6 (2-iii))
B. The Agency established under sub section (2) shallperform all functions and exercise all powers of the
Authority with regard to water supply, sewerage anddrainage with power to collect rates, fees and charges forwater supply, sewerage and drainage. (Section-10 (3))－ 294 －VISIONWASA Lahore is committed forprovision of efficient and cost effective
services of water, sewerage and drainage
as per its mandate.
As such, WASA Lahore vision is tobecome a quality service providing utility,
meeting
consumers’
expectations
through dedicated employees committed
to excellence.

INTRODUCTION & RESPONSIBILITIESOF WASA, LAHORE
There are four Provinces in Pakistan (Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan & Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa). Punjab is the biggest Province of Pakistan according toPopulation. Lahore is the capital city of Punjab with approximate populationof 12 Millions.
Water & Sanitation Agency (WASA) Lahore is responsible for the provisionof safe drinking water to the citizens of Lahore and its disposal in its
jurisdiction area. It is the Agency of Lahore Development Authority (LDA)－ 295 －

According to Local Government Act 2013, the functions of provision of Water Supply andthe responsibility of Local Government as per clause 87of Chapter IX of Local
Government Act which is reproduced as under:Provide, manage, operate, maintain and improve the municipal infrastructure andservices, including…

1. Water Supply and control
and development of water
sources•

2. Sewerage and sewage
treatment and disposal

3. Storm water drainage

WASA LAHORE.

Lahore WASA, the 2nd largest Water utility of Pakistan, operating in the area of more than 350-Sq.Km. (Total

district area 1772 Sq. Km) through 5826-Km Water Supply and about 4000-Km Sewerage Network with theSanctioned Budget Strength of 8,770 (Existing 5,655).

 Total Population:(WASA Area)
Water Supply

7.000 M Source of Water

Ground Water

 Ground Water

100%

Pop:12M
Urban:10M

 Waste Water Treatment Plant Nil Tubewells:

517

 Arsenic Removal Plants

270 (WASA)+125 (CDGL) Arsenic Removal Plants

129 (under const/tendering) Water Production:

2.00 MCM/day Water Connections:

650,000

 Water Supply Network:

5826 km (75% AC Pipes)

 Storm Water Drains:

481 Km (Primary, secondary and Tertiary) Disposal / Lift Stations

13/95 No’s (Pumping Capacity 3508 Cfs)

 Budget 2016-17

Resources 18,773 (ADP 8,402 Million)

 Expenditure (Est.)

18,848 Million

 Govt. Assistance

Bail Out Package2200 Million + PCGIP 725 Million + Monsoon Grant 425
Million = Total 3350 Million

 Own source Revenue

Water / Sewerage Collection 3879 + UIP Tax 1400 Million =5279 Million

 Sanctioned Strength

8,770 No’s

 Water Production costRs. 59 /1000 Glns

 Sale Cost

Rs. 22 /1000 Glns

 Professional to Staff Ratio

3% as compared to more than 20% in good utilities (in case of ISKI it is 28%)

－ 296 －

District
Lahore－ 297 －MISSION IN WATER UTILITYWASA Lahore is committed to the efficient and cost effective management ofwater, sewerage and drainage services in Lahore to the satisfaction of citizens,
Government and other stakeholders.

As such, WASA Lahore vision is to become a quality service providing utility,
meeting consumers’ expectations through dedicated employees committed to
excellence.

EXPANDING NEED FOR WATER PRODUCTION Drinking water for Lahore is 100% based on ground water extracted bypumping.
 By the year 2040, the demand would increase to 1395.59 MCM/Yr Further mining of the aquifer is not advised The existing arrangements are inadequate to sustain watt demands
 New sources of water supply are necessary for development
 A new arrangement is required under Master Planning to meet the
12

supply-demand gap－ 298 －

Cone of
Depression

Unabated abstraction by existing large number of tube wells hascreated a cone of ground water depression

13

INCREASED CONTAMINATIONARSENICPROFILE14－ 299 －

PROPOSED SCOPE OF INTERVENTIONSA Policy has been proposed to control further installationof tube wells and excessive ground water abstraction
Rezoning is required to classify areas as local waterproduction and water production from external well fields
New Sources are required for potable water production
from Ground and Surface Water sources

15

POSSIBLE SOURCES FOR POTABLE WATERPRODUCTION
Surface Water • Treatment, transmission, storage and distribution
External Well • For urban area hard hit by excessive depletion of
aquifer
Field• Well Fields in areas recommended by ground water
Production model, storage, transmission and distribution
Local Water
Production• In areas where water table conditions are favorable
as indicated by ground water model16－ 300 －

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WATERPRODUCTION FROM SURFACE WATER
SOURCE

17

Water Source
BRBD Canal
Proposed Plant Location RD 308, left
side of canal
Water Discharge
Downstream
4,857 cusec Maximumof Ravi Syphon
Canal Closure Period

40 to 60 days

A Surface Water Treatment Plant of
110-Cusec capacity has been planned
to treat Surface Water.

Phase-I (50 MGD)
Rs.15.534 Billion
Phase-II & III (100MGD each)Approx. Rs.35.000 Billion
10/28/2016－ 301 －

18

COST OF WATER PRODUCTION FROM SURFACE& GROUND WATER SUPPLIES

Tube well Supply (in Rupees)
Surface Supply (in Rupees)
19

WATER QUALITY ACHIEVEMENS &CHALLENGES－ 302 －

ACHIEVEMENTS
 According to WHO sampling frequency, WASA Lahore made sampling grid for all subdivisions
so we can easily assess water quality and can get comparison of different areas of Lahore
easily.
 An Integrated Development Asset Management Plan has been prepared under the(Disbursement Linked Indicator) DLI-1 of Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project(PCGIP) funded by World Bank.
 Old pipelines are being replaced in the phases.
 Filtration plants are being installed to remove arsenic and microbiological contamination.
 To distinct water pipe lines, we use 18% hypochlorite solution on our sources and we monitor
residual chlorine.

WATER QUALITY MONITORING PROTOCOLSAND PROCEDURESWASA laboratory follows WHO guidelines/protocols of Drinking
water for water quality monitoringWHO guidelines and PSQCA drinking water standards arefollowed for drinking water quality monitoring

APHA (American public health association), AWWA (American
water work association) and WEF (World Environment
Federation) standard methods are used to test water samples－ 303 －

DRINKING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
SrNo.

Substance orCharacteristics

Current PHED
Maximum Limit

WHO Guidelines

NEQS

Indian Standards(Acceptable- Marginal)

1
2
3
4
5

Taste & Odour
Colour
TurbiditypH
Total Dissolved Solids

Unobjectionable
50 TCU
25 NTU
6.5 to 9.2
1500mg/l

Unobjectionable
15 TCU
50NTU
6.5 to 9.2
1000mg/l

Unobjectionable
15 TCU
5NTU
6.5 to 8.5
1000mg/l

Unobjectionable5-25
2.5-107-8.5,6.5-9.2
500-1500

6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Copper (as Cu)
Iron (as Fe)
Magnesium (as Mg)
Manganese (Mn)
Sulphate (SO4)ZincTotal Hardness CaCo3

1.5mg/l
1.0mg/l
150mg/l
0.5mg/l
400mg/l
15mg/l500mg/l

1.5mg/l
0.3 mg/l
150mg/l
0.5mg/l
500mg/l
0.01-0.05
500mg/l

2mg/l
No Standard in NSDWQNo Standard in NSDWQ
0.5mg/l
No Standard in NSDWQ
5mg/l
500mg/l

0.05-1.5
0.1-0.1
30-1500.05-0.5
200-400
5-15
200-600

13
14
15

Calcium (Ca)
Chloride
Arsenic

200mg/l
600mg/l50ppb

75 -200 mg/l
250mg/l
10 ppb75-200200-1000
0.05-0.05

16

Cadmium

0.01mg/l

0.003mg/l

17
18
19
20
21

Fluoride
Chromium
Nitrate (NO3)
Nitrite (NO2)Lead

1.5mg/l
0.05mg/l
45mg/l3mg/l
0.05mg/l

1.5mg/l
0.05mg/l .
50mg/l3mg/l
0.01mg/l

22
23
24
25
26

Potassium
SodiumTotal Alkalinity
Carbonate
Bicarbonate--

No Standard in NSDWQ
250mg/l
NSDWQ-50ppb
Stricter standard chosen due to health hazards
NSDWQ-0.01mg/l
Stricter standard chosen due to health hazards
1.5mg/l
0.05mg/l
50mg/l3mg/l
NSDWQ-0.05mg/l
Stricter standard chosen due to health hazards
12mg/l (PCRWR)
200mg/l (PCRWR)-

0.01-0.01
1-1.5
0.05-0.05
45-45
0.1-0.1-

WASA LABORATORY TESTING CAPACITY
Sr. No.

PARAMETERS

INSTRUMENT AND
APPARATUS

WHO GUIDELINESVALUES
MIN. & MAX. IN PPM

PSQCSA
6.5 - 8.5

1.

p.H

Hanna pH Meter

7.0 - 9.2

2.

Turbidity

Turbidity Meter

0 - 5 NTU

-

3.

TDS

TDS Meter

0-1000Up to 1500

4.

Total Hardness

Titration Method-

20-5005.

Calcium

Titration Method-75-2006.

Magnesium

Titration Method-50-1507.

Potassium

Flame photometer

-

-

8.

SodiumFlame photometer

-

-

9.

Total Alkalinity

Titration Method-

Up to 500

10.

Bicarbonate

Titration Method

30 - 150

Up to 500

11.

Carbonate

Titration Method

12

Chlorides

Titration Method

250

250

13

Nitrates NO3

Kits Method

0.01

10

14

Nitrates NO2

Kits Method

0 - 450.020

15SulfateTitration method

200 - 500

500

16

Fluoride

Kit Method

1.5 mg/l

1.5 mg/l

17

Coliform

Filtration Membrane Method00－ 304 －

WATER QUALITY STANDARDS ( PHEDRECOMMENDED)
Sr
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

16
17
18

Substance orCharacteristics

Current PHED
Maximum Limit

Proposed PHED Maximum
Permissible Limit

Taste & Odour
Colour
TurbiditypH
Total Dissolved Solids
Copper (as Cu)
Iron (as Fe)
Magnesium (as Mg)
Manganese (Mn)
Sulphate (SO4)ZincTotal Hardness CaCo3
Calcium (Ca)
Chloride
Arsenic

Unobjectionable
50 TCU
25 NTU
6.5 to 9.2
1500mg/l
1.5mg/l
1.0mg/l
150mg/l
0.5mg/l
400mg/l
15mg/l500mg/l
200mg/l
600mg/l
50ppb

Unobjectionable (NSDWQ)
15 TCU (NSDWQ)
5NTU (NSDWQ)
6.5 to 8.5 (NSDWQ)
1000mg/l (NSDWQ)
2mg/l (NSDWQ)
0.3 mg/l (WHO 2011)
150mg/l (WHO 2011)
0.5mg/l (NSDWQ)
250mg/l (PCRWR)
5mg/l (NSDWQ)
500mg/l (NSDWQ)
75mg/l (PCRWR)
250mg/l (NSDWQ)
10 ppb (WHO 2011)

Cadmium

0.01mg/l

0.003mg/l (WHO 2011)

Fluoride
Chromium

1.5mg/l
0 05mg/l

1.5mg/l (NSDWQ)
0 05mg/l (NSDWQ)

Cont.
Rationale

No Standard in NSDWQNo Standard in NSDWQNo Standard in NSDWQNo Standard in NSDWQNo Standard in NSDWQNSDWQ-50ppb
Stricter standard chosen
due to health hazards
NSDWQ-0.01mg/l
Stricter standard chosen
due to health hazards

WATER QUALITY STANDARDS ( PHEDRECOMMENDED)
Sr
No.

Substance orCharacteristics

Current PHED
Maximum Limit

Proposed PHED Maximum
Permissible Limit

19

Nitrate (NO3)45mg/l50mg/l (NSDWQ)

20

Nitrite (NO2)3mg/l

3mg/l (NSDWQ)

Lead

0.05mg/l

0.01mg/l WHO 2011)21

22

Potassium

12mg/l (PCRWR)

23

Sodium

200mg/l (PCRWR)

24

Total Coliform

00 (NSDWQ)

25

Fecal Coliform

00 (NSDWQ)

26

E.ColiAbsentAbsent (NSDWQ)

27

Carbonate

NGVS

NGVS

28

Bicarbonate

NGVS

NGVS

29

Nickel0.02mg/l

0.02mg/l (NSDWQ)－ 305 －

Rationale

NSDWQ-0.05mg/l
Stricter standard chosen
due to health hazards

GROUND WATER MONITORING FOR ARSENIC
Arsenic and heavy metals in ground water of Lahore
To monitor arsenic and heavy metals in ground water of Lahore, WASA seeks theservices of other laboratories i.e Institute of Chemistry, Punjab University, UET,PCSIR, PCRWR etc.

Monitoring System or Plans for Safety ofDrinking Water
Routine /Complaint
Sampling
Follow-up
sampling

Sample coding&entry in register

Sample received
to lab within twohours ofcollection

Results/Reports
to concerned
SDO/Director

Data entry andreports

Analysis of
Sample－ 306 －

Sampling Points as per WHO
who
Guidelines

WHO RECOMMENDATIONDAILY SAMPLING PARAMETERS FOR DISTRIBUTION NETWORK(PHYSICAL APPEARANCE, PH, TURBITIDY, TDS, RASIDUL CHLORINE AND FAECAL COLIFORM)WEEKLY AND ANNUALLY MONITORING PARAMETRES( SELECTION OF PARAMETERS DEPENDS ON LOCAL WATER QUALITY OF EACH AREA ANDITS RECOMMENDED TWICE A YEAR/SOURCE FOR BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND
ONCE A YEAR FOR CHEMICAL PARAMETERS.
CHEMICAL PARAMETERS ( TOTAL HARDENESSS, TOTAL CATION, TOTAL ANION,RADIOACTIVE ELEMETS, HEAVY METALS AND ARSENIC )－ 307 －WASA PRACTICE
 MONITORING PARAMETERS OF ROUTINE SAMPLING/DAILY SAMPLING(PHYSICAL APPEARANCE, PH, TURBITIDY, TDS, RASIDUL CHLORINE AND E. COLIFORM)
FOLLOWUP SAMPLING → IN CASE OF UNFIT SAMPLES FOLLOWUP SAMPLING IS EXERCISED AND SAMPLES ARE COLLECTED FROM SAMESAMPLING POINTS AFTER NECESSARY ACTIONS.

NOTE: E.COLI IS MORE NUMEROUS AND MOST SPECIFIC BACTERIAL INDICATOR OF FAECALPOLLUTION FROM HUMAN AND ANIMAL (WHO 2011). THAT’S WHY WE CHOOSE
E.COLI TEST.
ANNUAL INSPECTION
 18 PARAMETERS ARE TESTED FOR GROUND WATER SOURCE TO MONITOR QUALITY OF
GROUND WATER SOURCES AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMMONITORING RULES & SAMPLING FREQUENCYRECOMMENDED BY WHO GUIDELINE
Regarding samples to be collected from the distribution system, whether thewater has been subjected to treatment or not, the following maximum intervals
between successive samplings and minimum numbers of samples to be
examined in each month are proposed:
Population Served

Maximum interval
between successive
samplings

Up to 20 000
20 001-50 000
50 001-100 000
More than 100 000

One month
Two weeks
Four Weeks
One day－ 308 －

Maximum number ofsamples to be taken fromentire distribution system

One sample per 5000 of
population per month
One sample per 10 000 of
population per monthWHO RECOMMENDED SAMPLING FREQUENCY

Total WASA Served population= 7 million

WHO recommended water samples = (1/10000) per monthSampling frequency per month= 770

Sampling frequency per day= 30-35

Sr.
No.

Subdivisions

Subdivision
population

Area in Sq.
km

Population Density
per Sq. km

No. of Sampling
Points1

Allama Iqbal Town

1529846.516449812

23476.59

18

2

Anarkali201694

6.614322005

30493.53

25

3

Baghbanpura

40750615.37030746

26512.55

49

4

City

207812

5.337530819

38934.11

27

5

Datanagar

2068074.438195262

46597.09

26

6

Farrukhabad2249298.73015197

25764.61

27

7

Fatehgarh

20245410.43974665

19392.62

24

8

Garden Town

92601

6.221448045

14884.16

11

9

Green Town

23110713.33015824

17337.15

27

10

Gulberg

19111513.14128993

14543.09

24

11

Ichhra2809466.272277288

44791.71

40

12

Industrial Area

34603419.52122883

17726.04

42

13

Johar Town

118436

12.69232046

9331.31

17

14

Krishan Nagar

4377678.103714674

54020.53

53－ 309 －

Sr.
No.

Subdivisions

Subdivision
population

Area in Sq.
km

Population Density
per Sq. km

No. of Sampling
Points15

Misri Shah

3483536.477883732

53775.74

42

16

Mozang18871310.47308667

18018.85

24

17

Mughalpura

2621938.708352116

30108.22

34

18

Mustafa Abad

79609

1.709469291

46569.42

15

19

Mustafa Town

18532414.36234878

12903.46

22

20

Ravi Road

442862

6.294033963

70362.19

53

21

Sabzazar

1525346.295317447

24229.76

20

22

Samnabad

1836154.789778296

38334.76

26

23

Shadbagh

2435295.11425857

47617.65

36

24

Shahdara

218692

7.895440686

27698.52

17

25

Shimla Hill

1477044.996497425

29561.51

20

26

Tajpura1902975.16178762

36866.49

31

27

Township

151151

3.666820278

41221.27

20

Total

6996768350

27379.77

MAJOR CHALLENGES & ACTIONSWASA is facing 3 main challenges:

Establishment of
WASA Lab as per
International
Standards

Provision of
Testing facilities
for heavy metals
and arsenic in
WASA Lab.

Provision of
Testing facilities
for sewage in
WASA Lab.

－ 310 －

Actions against
These
Challenges:
PC-I for Establishmentof new Lab as perstandards has been
approved by Govt. of
the Punjab and forprovision of funds its
Summary for The
Chief Minister has
also been initiated.

NON-REVENUE WATERREDUCTION IN NON-REVENUE WATER
Currently Non Revenue Water of WASA Lahore is approximately 40%. To reduce NRW WASA Lahore is making manyefforts which are elaborated as under:-WASA Revenue
Directorate as well
Under DLI-4 ofas Operation
PCGIP, an android
Directorates are
Phase-wise
detecting illegal and based consumer
survey is ready to installation of Bulk
misusedInstallation ofcommence to find Flow Meters atconnections on
Tubewells is under consumer waterout illegal andregular basis
WASA hasprocess. Under
meters. For thismisusedreplaced 550
connections and to Phase-I, 107 No. purpose HUD&PHE
Kmvalidate existing Bulk Flow Meters Department, Govt. of
old/outlived
have beenconnections.
the Punjab isinstalled.
and deeper
planning to procure
water supply
domestic waterlines undermeters in phasing for
Gastro-II
all WASA’s inPackage.
Punjab.

－ 311 －

ACHIEVEMENTS Non Revenue Water- 58,451 Misused & Illegal connections detected and were put into billingnet. This resulted in an increase of Rs. 177 Million Per Annum.
 Increase in Revenue- Revenue of Water and Sewerage Sales of the Year 2010-11 fromRs. 2086.50 Million was increased to Rs. 3102.46 Million in the year
2015-16.
 O&M Efficiency Improvement and Energy Saving- On 737 WASA installation 575 Electricity Meters were out of order andwere replaced.
- Energy Audit of All TWs to be completed by May 17.
- Energy Saving from Oct-12 to May-16: Rs. 4265 Million.

CHALLENGES FOR IMPROVEMENT OF WATERSUPPLY SYSTEM－ 312 －

The Aquifer System is stressed Due To….
1. Continuous decline in water level due to excessive pumping.
2. Deterioration of Water Quality due to presence of excessive Total
Dissolved Solid (TDS) at certain depths.
3. Intrusion of Polluted Water from River Ravi – upper layers being polluted
due to discharge of un-treated Waste Water into the River Ravi.
4. Arsenic Contamination in Ground Water.
5. Mixing of sweet and saline water layers in the unconfined system –possibility of brackish water from Raiwind.
6. Reduction in recharge of Ground Water. Reduction in fresh water
recharge from the river-course.
Continuous reduction in available land for recharge due toindustrialization and urbanization.

Proposed Targets
 Construction of Surface Water Treatment Plant, Half of the Tubewells will
be closed.
 Construction of Seven (07) Waste Water Treatment Plants – River Ravi
free of Waste Water.
 24/7 Water Supply System.
 Android based Consumer Survey will be completed in 2016-17 Nos. of
Water Connections One Million Target by 2026.
 Non Revenue Water (NRW) will be reduced below 25% Level.
 SCADA System on all WASA installation by end of June 2017.
 Replacement of all existing AC Pipes with HDPE Pipes (Target: June2026).
 Customer’s Feedback Survey will be conducted in 2019, 2022 and then2025 (Partially through Android Consumer Survey also).

－ 313 －

－ 314 －－ 315 －Attachment3
Present Situation of the Water Supply Service(1) What is “Present Situation of the Water Supply Service”?
The accepted applicants are expected to formulate and submit their short reportabout “Present Situation of the Water Supply Service” (Annex 3) as the detailed
information for “Water Supply Service Levels”(Chapter2 of your Inception Report).
The result of this short report is supposed to assist Course Organizer,
Implementing Partner and other lecturers to know about the details of participants’professional careers, present challenges.

(2) Submission of “Present Situation of the Water Supply Service”

I. Service Area
1 Size of Utility’s area of Responsibility: (65610 sq. km)
2 Size of Utility’s present service area: (sq. km)
3 Population of Utility’s area of responsibility: (21 million
4 Population of Utility’s present service area:( 9.87million
5 Population served by the Utility with piped water supply: (7.5 million
6 Number of towns served with piped water:
(
274

)
)
)
)

II. Infrastructure Description
1 Source of raw water (please tick relevant boxes)□ bulk water from another utility / company√□ storage reservoir / impoundment√□ direct river abstraction√□ groundwater□ other, please specify __________________________________________
2 What are the main methods of treatment used? (please tick relevant boxes)□ none√□ disinfection√□ filtration√□ flocculation and sedimentation√□ aeration□ desalination□ other, please specify __________________________________________
3 Capacity of production systems: ( 1.83 million m3 / day)4 Length of water distribution network: ( 38000
km)
5 Capacity of storage in network(
m3)
6 Piped water supply connections: please specify how many in each category
Domestic
Non Domestic
TOTAL(Households)(Industrial, commercial,
Institutional, other)
1,883,000

142,000

2,025,000

7 Number of connections with operating water meters: (km)
8 Typical length of service connection from water main to water meter: ( 5meters)III. Water Consumption & Production－ 317 －

1 Volume of water produced by the Utility: ( 600
million m3 / year)
2 Volume of water bought in bulk from other utility / company: (0millionm3 / year)
3 Volume of water metered: ( 600
million m3 / year)
4 Estimated un-metered consumption: ( 0% of metered consumption)
5 Estimate of average meter inaccuracy at typical flows rates: ( 1 to 2
% ofmetered consumption)
6 Volume of water billed / sold: please specify how much (million m3 / year) ineach category
Domestic
Non Domestic
Bulk water
TOTAL(Households)(Industrial,
sales
commercial,
Institutional, other)
558

42

small

600

IV. Water Supply System Performance
1 Number of customers who received intermittent supply:(
connections)
2 Typical duration of supply (planned and unplanned supply interruptions):(
hours / day)3 Typical mains water pressure in your pipe network: (6
meters)4 Number of water pipe breaks in the distribution network: (# / year)
5 Required number of tests of treated water for residual chlorine: (# / year)
6 Number of tests of treated water for residual chlorine carried out: (# / year)
7 Number of tests of treated water for residual chlorine passed: (# / year)V. Staff
1 Who does the work in your company: (please tick relevant boxes)√□ permanent staff . salaried Government employees√□ permanent staff . with contract√□ casual / part-time . contract staff√□ casual / part-time . wages√□ contracted out to outside company / agency□ other, please specify______________________________________________________
2 Number of FTE* staff in the company: please specify how many in each category
Corporate
Water Supply
Other non water
TOTAL
Services(O&M, Customer
supply(Management,
Services, Support(e.g. wastewater,
Admin, Finance,
Services, etc)
drainage, environment
Technical, etc.)
services)* FTE = Full Time Equivalent staff (i.e. convert part-time and casual staff to equivalent

2/2－ 318 －

full time staff)
VI. Customers
1 Number of new customers connected to water supply system during the year:( 2015 is 121723/ year)2 Number of customer complaints recorded during the year: (# / year)
3 Means by which customer can make a recorded complaint (please tick relevantboxes)√□ in person√□ by telephone√□ by email√□ by letter□ other method, please specify____________________________________________________
4 How does the Utility find out the views of its customers? (please tick relevantboxes)√□ from customer interactions (letters, telephone calls, enquiry counter, etc.)√□ by responding to customer complaints√□ from customer surveys, questionnaires, etc.
□ by market research□ other method
5 Typically* what is the connection charge for new customers? Please specify how
much in each category
Domestic
Non Domestic
Bulk water
AVERAGE of(Household(Industrial,sales
all categoriess)commercial,
Institutional,
other)
Rs17000(115
USD for 20mm
Connection and
Rs24000(162USD)for 25 mm
connection

Varies according to
Quantity and length

Varies according to
Quantity and length

6 Typically* what is the fixed water supply charge / month? Please specify how
much in each category
Domestic
Non Domestic
Bulk water
AVERAGE of(Household(Industrial,sales
all categoriess)commercial,
Institutional,
other)
Rs50 to 1600
USD( 0.33 to
10.8)

Rs275 to 110000
USD( 2 to 777)

Rs275 to 110000
USD( 2 to 777)

Rs200 to 73866
USD( 1.35 to 500)

7 Typically* what is the water tariff for metered consumption? Please specify how
much in each category

3/3－ 319 －

T
ar
iff
Bl
oc
k

1
.
2
.
3
.**

Do
mesti
c

N
on
Do
me
stic

Bulk
water
sales

Fro
m

To

Cost/
m3

0

Fro
m

To

Cost/
m3

0

Fro
m

To

Cost/
m3

0

Notes:* Where the Water Utility supplies multiple towns each with their own water charge
schedules, please specify the typical tariff schedule nominally for the principal town
supplied by the company** Where there are more than 3 blocks in the tariff schedule please specify theapproximate average tariff rates for consumptions above tariff block 2.
8 What would be the monthly water bill for a household consuming 6 m3 of water /month? ()
VII. Questionnaire on Major Constraints in Water Supply Sector
The constraint factors listed may prevent the participant’s sector from accelerated
development. Mark the appropriate boxes so that they will show whether these factors
represent a very severe, severe or moderate impediment to the overall development of
the entire sector. Constraints are usually inter-related. Also, constraints ranking issubjective and will vary depending on the agency that makes the evaluation. However,it may be possible to determine the relative importance among them.
Please indicate with the mark () for the situation of major constraints in the tablebelow.
Ratingofconstraints

Constraints

Very
Severe

Sever
e

Moder
ate

√

1. Lack of definite government policy for thesector
√

2. Funding limitations√

3. Inadequate or Outmoded legal framework
4. Inappropriate institutional framework

4/4－ 320 －√

√

5. Inadequate water resources√

6. Insufficient knowledge of water resources
7. Inadequate cost-recovery framework√

8. In sufficiency of trained personnel√(1) Professional√(2) Sub-professional√

9. Lack of planning and design criteria√

10. Inappropriate technology√

11. Intermittent water service√√

12. Operation and maintenance√

13. Logistics
14. Import restrictions√

15. Non-involvement of communities√

16. Insufficient health education efforts√

17. Others (specify):

The deadline of the Present Situation of the Water Supply Service: October 7th,2016. Please submit together with updated Inception Report Presentation to thefollowing e-mail address: tictee@jica.go.jp------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A. General Information
1. Please describe the current situation of water resources in your country (in yourorganization) by mentioning the following topics.
1.1 The geographical background

It has a total area of 65,610 km², with 64,740 km² of land and 870 km² of water. Its
coastline is 1,340 km long. Sri Lanka's climate includes tropical monsoons: thenortheast monsoon (December to March), and the southwest monsoon (June to
October). Its terrain is mostly low, flat to rolling plain, with mountains in the southcentral interior. The highest point is Pidurutalagala at 2,524.13 m. The land use
pattern is
Arable land: 13.96%
Permanent crops: 15.24%
Other: 70.8%
Forests at one time covered nearly the entire island, but by the late 20th century lands
classified as forests and forest reserves covered only one-fifth of the land.
Sri Lanka's rivers start from the Central Highlands and flow in a radial pattern toward
the sea. Most of these rivers are short. There are 16 principal rivers longer than 100
kilometers in length, with twelve of them carrying about 75% of the mean riverdischarge in the entire country. The longest rivers are the Mahaweli Ganga (335 km)
5/5－ 321 －

and the Aruvi Aru (170 km). In the highlands, river courses are frequently broken by
discontinuities in the terrain, and where they encounter escarpments, numerous
waterfalls and rapids have eroded a passage.
(The proportion of forest, residential land, river, etc.)
1.2 The precipitation per one month and/or one year. Please attach the last 10
years data.

The mountains and the southwestern part of the country, known as the "wet zone,"receive ample rainfall (an annual average of 2500 millimeters). Most of thesoutheast, east, and northern parts of the country comprise the "dry zone, which
receives between 1200 and 1900 mm of rain annually. Much of the rain in these areas
falls from October to January; during the rest of the year there is very little
precipitation. The arid northwest and southeast coasts receive the least amount ofrain—600 to 1200 mm per year—concentrated within the short period of the wintermonsoon. The rainfall pattern is influenced by the monsoon winds of the Indian
Ocean and Bay of Bengal and is marked by four seasons. The first is from mid-May
to October, when winds originate in the southwest, bringing moisture from the Indian
Ocean. When these winds encounter the slopes of the Central Highlands, they unload
heavy rains on the mountain slopes and the southwestern sector of the island
1.3 The type of available water resources and those situations
The available water resources of the Sri Lanka are Surface water and Ground water.
Surface water is extracted from Rivers and artificial lakes which were built fromancient time to date.
Total annual surface run-off of the rivers of the Island is around 50 billion cum. A
considerable proportion of this is already utilized, particularly for irrigation and hydropower, and what escapes to the sea is less than 30 billion cum
Ground water available in most of the areas and are being used for domestic andother u ses. High yield aquifers are available in some areas and used for watersupply schemes. Due to pollution of the above resources it has become scarce
resource.

1.4 The intake water volume per one day, per one year
One day approximately 2.0 million cubic meters of raw water is abstracted fromintakes.
1.5 The type of water resources for the future
As most of the available surface and ground water resources are becoming shrinking
for the future it may be required to use rain water harvesting, desalination andrecycling some extent.
2. Please describe the current situation of water supply services in your country bymentioning the following topics.
(1) The population ratio to be served and not to be served drinking water
Population ratio covered up to now is 46% and plan to connect 60% by year 2020
(2) Proportion of consumers with 24 hours supply, average number of hours per day
of water availability to most people
About 25% consumers has 24 hours supply. 40% of consumers has 15-24 hours
supply. Others has variable supply hrs from 2 to 24 hrs.
(3) Does the distribution water use for the potable water directly?
Yes(4) Non revenue water (NRW)

6/6－ 322 －NRW country average is around 26%
3. Please describe the current situation of Private Sector Participation in your country
by mentioning the following topics.
(1) The status of Private Sector Investment and its area (e.g. Water resource
development, Water treatment, Water distribution, Organization management,
Bill collection, leakage repair, etc.)
Private sector participation is encouraging for the water sector. At present leakage
repair, giving water connections, Billing and collection are carried out using private
sector participation some extent. Further most of the construction and supply andinstallation works are carried out by private sector.
(2) The current situation of involvement of national government in water supply
services (e.g. Water rates, Personnel employment, O/M budgeting, Capital
investment, etc.)
The National Water Supply and Drainage Board the national agency responsible forthe water supply is a Government institution. Water rates, personnel employment
and capital investment is controlled by the national government. O&M budgeting
is carried out by the institution.

B. Related Figures

Instructions for completing the form
1. All information provided should be for the fiscal year 2014 or most recent data if
2014 year’s data is unavailable (please indicate the year of the data available).
2. For all financial information, please specify in the local currency with equivalent
US dollars.
3. When a value is zero, please enter ‘0’.
I. Service Area
1 Size of Utility’s area of Responsibility: ( 65610
sq. km)2 Size of Utility’s present service area: (sq. km)
3 Population of Utility’s area of responsibility: ( 21 million)
4 Population of Utility’s present service area:()
5 Population served by the Utility with piped water supply: ( 8.08 million
6 Number of towns served with piped water:
(
274
)

)

II. Water Consumption & Production
1 Volume of water produced by the Utility: (549.7
million m3 / year)
2 Volume of water bought in bulk from other utility / company: (0million3
m / year)
3 Volume of water metered: (436.7
million m3 / year)
4 Estimated un-metered consumption: ( 1-2% of metered consumption)
III. Water Supply System Performance
1 Number of customers who received intermittent supply: ( approximately
1.5
millionconnections)
2 Typical duration of supply (planned and unplanned supply interruptions): (15 to 24
hours / day is typical)
3 Typical mains water pressure in your pipe network: (6
meters)4 Number of water pipe breaks in the distribution network: (# / year)
5 Required number of tests of treated water for residual chlorine: (# / year)
6 Number of tests of treated water for residual chlorine carried out: (# / year)

7/7－ 323 －

7 Number of tests of treated water for residual chlorine passed: (# / year)IV. Staff
1 Who does the work in your company: (please tick relevant boxes)√□ permanent staff . salaried Government employees√□ permanent staff . with contract√□ casual / part-time . contract staff□ casual / part-time . wages√□ contracted out to outside company / agency
2 Number of FTE* staff in the company: please specify how many in eachcategory
Corporate
Water Supply
Other non water supply
TOTAL
Services(O&M, Customer(e.g. wastewater,(Management,
Services, Support
drainage, environment
Admin, Finance,
Services, etc)
services)Technical, etc.)

4000

5945

300

10245

* FTE = Full Time Equivalent staff (i.e. convert part-time and casual staff to equivalent
full time staff)
V. Customers
1 Number of new customers connected to water supply system during the year:(
2015 is121783/ year)
2 Number of customer complaints recorded during the year: (# / year)
3 Typically* what is the fixed water supply charge / month? Please specify how
much in each category
Domestic
Non Domestic
Bulk
water
AVERAGE of all(Households(Industrial,
sales
categories)
commercial,
Institutional, other)Rs 50 t01600(0.33 to
10.5USD)Rs 290 to 115000(2to 777
USD)

4 Typically* what is the water tariff for metered consumption? Please specify how
much in each category
Tar
iff
Blo
ck

Domest
ic

From

Non
Dom
estic

To

Cost/m3

From

Bulk
water
sales

To

8/8

－ 324 －

Cost/m3

From

To

Cost/m3

1.

0

2.

6

3.*
*

11

5

12Rs(0.08
USD)

10

16Rs(0.12
USD)
105Rs(0.7
USD)

0

Any
valu
e

40Rs(0.2
7USD)
and65(0.44U
SD)

0

Any
vlue
a

17Rs(0.
09USD)

Notes:* Where the Water Utility supplies multiple towns each with their own water charge
schedules, please specify the typical tariff schedule nominally for the principal town
supplied by the company** Where there are more than 3 blocks in the tariff schedule please specify theapproximate average tariff rates for consumptions above tariff block 2.

9/9－ 325 －

Attachment3
Present Situation of the Water Supply Service
I. Service Area
1 Size of Utility’s area of Responsibility: (65610 sq. km)
2 Size of Utility’s present service area: (sq. km)
3 Population of Utility’s area of responsibility: (21 million )4 Population of Utility’s present service area:( 9.87million )5 Population served by the Utility with piped water supply: (7.5 million )6 Number of towns served with piped water:(
274 )II. Infrastructure Description
1 Source of raw water (please tick relevant boxes)□ bulk water from another utility / company√□ storage reservoir / impoundment√□ direct river abstraction√□ groundwater□ other, please specify __________________________________________
2 What are the main methods of treatment used? (please tick relevant boxes)□ none√□ disinfection√□ filtration√□ flocculation and sedimentation√□ aeration□ desalination□ other, please specify ___________________
3 Capacity of production systems: ( 1.83 million m3 / day)4 Length of water distribution network: ( 38000
km)
5 Capacity of storage in network(
m3)
6 Piped water supply connections: please specify how many in each category
Domestic
Non Domestic
TOTAL(Households)(Industrial, commercial, Institutional, other)
1,883,000

142,000

2,025,000

7 Number of connections with operating water meters: (km)
8 Typical length of service connection from water main to water meter: ( 5 meters)
III. Water Consumption & Production
1 Volume of water produced by the Utility: ( 600
million m3 / year)
2 Volume of water bought in bulk from other utility / company: (0 million m3 / year)
3 Volume of water metered: ( 600
million m3 / year)
4 Estimated un-metered consumption: ( 0% of metered consumption)
5 Estimate of average meter inaccuracy at typical flows rates: ( 1 to 2 % of meteredconsumption)
6 Volume of water billed / sold: please specify how much (million m3 / year) in eachcategory
Domestic
Non Domestic
Bulk water sales
TOTAL(Households)(Industrial, commercial,
Institutional, other)
558

42

small

IV. Water Supply System Performance
1 Number of customers who received intermittent supply: (－ 326 －

600

connections)2 Typical duration of supply (planned and unplanned supply interruptions):(
hours / day)3 Typical mains water pressure in your pipe network: (6
meters)4 Number of water pipe breaks in the distribution network: (# / year)
5 Required number of tests of treated water for residual chlorine: (# / year)
6 Number of tests of treated water for residual chlorine carried out: (# / year)
7 Number of tests of treated water for residual chlorine passed: (# / year)V. Staff
1 Who does the work in your company: (please tick relevant boxes)√□ permanent staff . salaried Government employees√□ permanent staff . with contract√□ casual / part-time . contract staff√□ casual / part-time . wages√□ contracted out to outside company / agency□ other, please specify______________________________________________________
2 Number of FTE* staff in the company: please specify how many in each category
Corporate
Water Supply
Other non water
TOTAL
Services(O&M, Customer
supply(Management,
Services, Support(e.g. wastewater,
Admin, Finance,
Services, etc)
drainage, environment
Technical, etc.)
services)* FTE = Full Time Equivalent staff (i.e. convert part-time and casual staff to equivalent
full time staff)
VI. Customers
1 Number of new customers connected to water supply system during the year: ( 2015is 121723/ year)2 Number of customer complaints recorded during the year: (# / year)
3 Means by which customer can make a recorded complaint (please tick relevantboxes)√□ in person√□ by telephone√□ by email√□ by letter□ other method, please specify____________________________________________________
4 How does the Utility find out the views of its customers? (please tick relevantboxes)√□ from customer interactions (letters, telephone calls, enquiry counter, etc.)√□ by responding to customer complaints√□ from customer surveys, questionnaires, etc.
□ by market research□ other method
5 Typically* what is the connection charge for new customers? Please specify how
much in each category－ 327 －Domestic(Households)

Rs17000(115
USD for 20mm
Connection and
Rs24000(162USD)for 25 mm
connection

Non Domestic(Industrial,commercial,
Institutional,
other)

Bulk water
sales

Varies according to
Quantity and length

Varies according to
Quantity and length

AVERAGE of
all categories

6 Typically* what is the fixed water supply charge / month? Please specify how muchin each category
Domestic
Non Domestic
Bulk water
AVERAGE of(Household(Industrial,sales
all categoriess)commercial,
Institutional,
other)
Rs50 to 1600
USD( 0.33 to
10.8)

Rs275 to 110000
USD( 2 to 777)

Rs275 to 110000
USD( 2 to 777)

Rs200 to 73866
USD( 1.35 to 500)

7 Typically* what is the water tariff for metered consumption? Please specify how
much in each category
Tariff
Do
Non
Bulk
Block
mest
Dome
water
ic
stic
sales
Fro
To
Cost/
Fro
T
Cost/
Fr
To
Cost/
m
m3
m
o
m3
om
m3
1.

0

0

0

2.
3.**
Notes:* Where the Water Utility supplies multiple towns each with their own water charge
schedules, please specify the typical tariff schedule nominally for the principal town
supplied by the company** Where there are more than 3 blocks in the tariff schedule please specify theapproximate average tariff rates for consumptions above tariff block 2.
8 What would be the monthly water bill for a household consuming 6 m3 of water /month? ()
VII. Questionnaire on Major Constraints in Water Supply Sector
The constraint factors listed may prevent the participant’s sector from accelerated
development. Mark the appropriate boxes so that they will show whether these factors
represent a very severe, severe or moderate impediment to the overall development of
the entire sector. Constraints are usually inter-related. Also, constraints ranking issubjective and will vary depending on the agency that makes the evaluation. However, it
may be possible to determine the relative importance among them.
Please indicate with the mark () for the situation of major constraints in the tablebelow.

－ 328 －

Ratingofconstraints

Constraints

Very
Severe

Sever
e

Moder
ate

√

1. Lack of definite government policy for thesector
√

2. Funding limitations√

3. Inadequate or Outmoded legal framework
4. Inappropriate institutional framework√

5. Inadequate water resources√√

6. Insufficient knowledge of water resources
7. Inadequate cost-recovery framework√

8. In sufficiency of trained personnel√(1) Professional√(2) Sub-professional√

9. Lack of planning and design criteria√

10. Inappropriate technology√

11. Intermittent water service√√

12. Operation and maintenance√

13. Logistics
14. Import restrictions√

15. Non-involvement of communities√

16. Insufficient health education efforts√

17. Others (specify):------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A. General Information
1. Please describe the current situation of water resources in your country (in yourorganization) by mentioning the following topics.
1.1 The geographical background

It has a total area of 65,610 km², with 64,740 km² of land and 870 km² of water. Its
coastline is 1,340 km long. Sri Lanka's climate includes tropical monsoons: thenortheast monsoon (December to March), and the southwest monsoon (June to
October). Its terrain is mostly low, flat to rolling plain, with mountains in thesouth-central interior. The highest point is Pidurutalagala at 2,524.13 m. The land
use pattern is
Arable land: 13.96%
Permanent crops: 15.24%
Other: 70.8%
Forests at one time covered nearly the entire island, but by the late 20th century lands－ 329 －

classified as forests and forest reserves covered only one-fifth of the land.
Sri Lanka's rivers start from the Central Highlands and flow in a radial pattern toward
the sea. Most of these rivers are short. There are 16 principal rivers longer than 100
kilometers in length, with twelve of them carrying about 75% of the mean riverdischarge in the entire country. The longest rivers are the Mahaweli Ganga (335 km)
and the Aruvi Aru (170 km). In the highlands, river courses are frequently broken by
discontinuities in the terrain, and where they encounter escarpments, numerous
waterfalls and rapids have eroded a passage.
(The proportion of forest, residential land, river, etc.)
1.2 The precipitation per one month and/or one year. Please attach the last 10
years data.

The mountains and the southwestern part of the country, known as the "wet zone,"receive ample rainfall (an annual average of 2500 millimeters). Most of thesoutheast, east, and northern parts of the country comprise the "dry zone, which
receives between 1200 and 1900 mm of rain annually. Much of the rain in theseareas falls from October to January; during the rest of the year there is very little
precipitation. The arid northwest and southeast coasts receive the least amount ofrain—600 to 1200 mm per year—concentrated within the short period of the wintermonsoon. The rainfall pattern is influenced by the monsoon winds of the Indian
Ocean and Bay of Bengal and is marked by four seasons. The first is frommid-May to October, when winds originate in the southwest, bringing moisturefrom the Indian Ocean. When these winds encounter the slopes of the Central
Highlands, they unload heavy rains on the mountain slopes and the southwestern
sector of the island
1.3 The type of available water resources and those situations
The available water resources of the Sri Lanka are Surface water and Groundwater. Surface water is extracted from Rivers and artificial lakes which were built
from ancient time to date.
Total annual surface run-off of the rivers of the Island is around 50 billion cum. A
considerable proportion of this is already utilized, particularly for irrigation andhydro-power, and what escapes to the sea is less than 30 billion cum
Ground water available in most of the areas and are being used for domestic andother u ses. High yield aquifers are available in some areas and used for water supply
schemes. Due to pollution of the above resources it has become scarce resource.

1.4 The intake water volume per one day, per one year
One day approximately 2.0 million cubic meters of raw water is abstracted fromintakes.
1.5 The type of water resources for the future
As most of the available surface and ground water resources are becoming
shrinking for the future it may be required to use rain water harvesting,desalination and recycling some extent.
2. Please describe the current situation of water supply services in your country bymentioning the following topics.
(1) The population ratio to be served and not to be served drinking water
Population ratio covered up to now is 46% and plan to connect 60% by year 2020
(2) Proportion of consumers with 24 hours supply, average number of hours per day
of water availability to most people
About 25% consumers has 24 hours supply. 40% of consumers has 15-24 hours
supply. Others has variable supply hrs from 2 to 24 hrs.
(3) Does the distribution water use for the potable water directly?
Yes－ 330 －

(4) Non revenue water (NRW)
NRW country average is around 26%
3. Please describe the current situation of Private Sector Participation in yourcountry by mentioning the following topics.
(1) The status of Private Sector Investment and its area (e.g. Water resource
development, Water treatment, Water distribution, Organization management,
Bill collection, leakage repair, etc.)
Private sector participation is encouraging for the water sector. At present leakage
repair, giving water connections, Billing and collection are carried out using private
sector participation some extent. Further most of the construction and supply andinstallation works are carried out by private sector.
(2) The current situation of involvement of national government in water supply
services (e.g. Water rates, Personnel employment, O/M budgeting, Capital
investment, etc.)
The National Water Supply and Drainage Board the national agency responsible forthe water supply is a Government institution. Water rates, personnel
employment and capital investment is controlled by the national government.
O&M budgeting is carried out by the institution.

B. Related Figures

Instructions for completing the form
1. All information provided should be for the fiscal year 2014 or most recent data if
2014 year’s data is unavailable (please indicate the year of the data available).
2. For all financial information, please specify in the local currency with equivalent US
dollars.
3. When a value is zero, please enter ‘0’.
I. Service Area
1 Size of Utility’s area of Responsibility: ( 65610
sq. km)2 Size of Utility’s present service area: (sq. km)
3 Population of Utility’s area of responsibility: ( 21 million)
4 Population of Utility’s present service area:()
5 Population served by the Utility with piped water supply: ( 8.08 million
6 Number of towns served with piped water:
(
274
)

)

II. Water Consumption & Production
1 Volume of water produced by the Utility: (549.7
million m3 / year)
2 Volume of water bought in bulk from other utility / company: (0 million m3 / year)3
3 Volume of water metered: (436.7
million m / year)
4 Estimated un-metered consumption: ( 1-2% of metered consumption)
III. Water Supply System Performance
1 Number of customers who received intermittent supply: ( approximately 1.5 million
connections)
2 Typical duration of supply (planned and unplanned supply interruptions): (15 to 24
hours / day is typical)
3 Typical mains water pressure in your pipe network: (6
meters)4 Number of water pipe breaks in the distribution network: (# / year)
5 Required number of tests of treated water for residual chlorine: (# / year)
6 Number of tests of treated water for residual chlorine carried out: (# / year)
7 Number of tests of treated water for residual chlorine passed: (# / year)－ 331 －

IV. Staff
1 Who does the work in your company: (please tick relevant boxes)√□ permanent staff . salaried Government employees√□ permanent staff . with contract√□ casual / part-time . contract staff□ casual / part-time . wages√□ contracted out to outside company / agency
2 Number of FTE* staff in the company: please specify how many in eachcategory
Corporate
Water Supply
Other non water supply
TOTAL
Services(O&M, Customer(e.g. wastewater,(Management,
Services, Support
drainage, environment
Admin, Finance,
Services, etc)
services)Technical, etc.)

4000

5945

300

10245

* FTE = Full Time Equivalent staff (i.e. convert part-time and casual staff to equivalent
full time staff)
V. Customers
1 Number of new customers connected to water supply system during the year:(
2015 is121783/ year)
2 Number of customer complaints recorded during the year: (# / year)
3 Typically* what is the fixed water supply charge / month? Please specify how
much in each category
Domestic
Non Domestic
Bulk
water
AVERAGE of all(Households(Industrial,
sales
categories)
commercial,
Institutional, other)Rs 50 t01600(0.33 to
10.5USD)Rs 290 to 115000(2to 777
USD)

4 Typically* what is the water tariff for metered consumption? Please specify how
much in each category
Tariff
Block

Dom
estic

Non
Dome
stic

Bulk
water
sales

Fro
m

To

Cost/m3

From

To

Cost/m3

From

To

Cost/m3

0

5

12Rs(0.08
USD)

0

Any
valu
e

40Rs(0.27US
D) and65(0.44USD)

0

Any
valu
e

17Rs(0.
09USD)

10

16Rs(0.12
USD)
105Rs(0.7
USD)

1.

2.

6

3.**

11

Notes:* Where the Water Utility supplies multiple towns each with their own water charge
schedules, please specify the typical tariff schedule nominally for the principal town
supplied by the company** Where there are more than 3 blocks in the tariff schedule please specify theapproximate average tariff rates for consumptions above tariff block 2.

－ 332 －

Water Supply Administration for Better
Management of Water Supply Services
Inception Report Presentation
1. Country: Sri Lanka
2. Name:Kaluarachchi Watte Premasiri
3. Position:Deputy General Manager(Production-Western)
4. Organization:National Water Supply and Drainage
Board

1

Inception Report Presentation
Each applicant is kindly requested to make presentation of Inception
Report (M/S Power Point file with less than 15 slides) which cover thefollowing 7 topics about the individual water supply company/public
water supply authority to which the participant belongs.

Presentation time: 15 minutes including Q/A

7 topics:
 1. Position of Water Supply Services
 2. Water Supply Service Levels
 3. Management of Water Quality
 4. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water
 5. Accounting system of Water Supply Service
 6. Major Recent Achievements in Improvement of Water
Supply Services
 7. Recent Challenges to Improvement of Water Supply
Services2－ 333 －

General Country Profile: Background

Body sentence of the profile / Background
Sri Lanka lies on the Indian Plate, a major tectonic plate that wasformerly part of the Indo-Australian Plate. It is in the Indian
Ocean southwest of the Bay of Bengal, between latitudes 5°
and 10°N, and longitudes 79°and 82°E. Sri Lanka isseparated from the Indian Sub Continent by the Gulf of Mannar
and Palk Strait.

Whole Country:Area: 65610

km2

Population : 20,845,000

Habitants

Coverage Water Supply: 45.0 %Selected Water Supply System/City: Colombo District(Capital City)
Service Area : 699

km2

Population Served: 1.7 million

3

1. Position of Water Supply Services


The Government Agency National Water Supply and Drainage
Board(NWS&DB) is Responsible for Urban water Supply. For
administration purposes it has divided into 12 Regional
Support Centers(RSC) Rural Water Supply Department is responsible for Rural watersupply.(Supply is mainly through CBOO) The safe water coverage is 86% for the country.
 Pipe Born water availability is 46%
 Number of water connections given in the country by
NWS&DB is around 2.025 millions.
 Service is provided through 274 water treatment plants(117No's Full treatment, plants,71 No's Partial treatment, plants,86
No's only chlorination)
 Total pipe length is 38,338km
 Daily average supply is around 18-24 hours in the Western
Province and some provinces, however some provinces it isless than 18-24 hours.
4－ 334 －

2. Water Supply Service Levels
Please fill in variation of the indicators below based on yoursituation!

INDICATORS

2004 or 20052014 or 2015

Goals for 2025

Staff/1,000 connections

4.0

3.4

3.0

Production capacity(m3/day)

505,000

550,000

790,000

Water quality

Sri Lankan
Standard
614:1985

Sri Lankan
Standard
614:1985

Sri Lankan
Standard
614:2013

Coverage area

50%

80%

100%

Supply duration (hr/day)

18-24

18-24

18-24

Supply pressure

0.6 bar

0.6 bars

0.6bars

Number of connections

300,000

430,980

650,000

NRW

40%

34%

18%

Collection ratio

99%

99.9%

99.9%

Staff number

1250

1450

1500

5

3. Management of Water QualityContinuous water quality monitoring programs are in operationin all intakes, Treatment plants and distribution systems by
NWS&DB and third parties
 Sri Lankan Standards are formulated for Raw Water andDrinking Water
 Catchment protection programs are in operation
 Pipe Line flushing programs are organized appropriately
 Laboratory accreditation programs are in progress Water Safety Plans have been Prepared and in operationsome treatment plants and others are in preparation
 Monthly meetings the water quality data reviewed andappropriate actions are taken if adverse quality reports
available
 To maintain water quality technical assistance is provided for
Rural Water Supply Schemes maintained by CBOO.
 Training programs arranged for the staff involved for water
quality management including chemists
 ISO 9000 quality standards available for several plants.
6－ 335 －

4. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water 1Constitution of Non-revenue Water (If you have the data, please fillin the table ) For the Western Central Regional Support center(Colombo District)

Authorized
consumption
Systeminput
volume198.3
millioncum
Water
losses

Revenuewater
129,9
million cum

Non
Revenue
Water
(NRW)
68.8
millioncum

Billed authorized
consumption

129.9 Mm3
/year
( 65.5 %)Unbilled authorized
consumption(ex. fire fighting, cleaning)xx m3 /year( %)Apparent losses( Unauthorized
consumption(i.e. Illegal use),
Customer metering
inaccuracies )xx m3 /year( %)Real losses(Leakage)xx m3 /year7( %)4. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water 1Constitution of Non-revenue Water (If you have the data, please fillin the table ) For the Entire Country

Systeminput
volumefor the
Year
2015
600
millioncum

Authorized
consumption

Revenue
water
437M
cum

Non
Revenue
Water
(NRW)
Water
losses
163M cumBilled authorized
consumption

437M m3 /year(72.8%)

Unbilled authorized
consumption(ex. fire fighting, cleaning)xx m3 /year( %)Apparent losses( Unauthorized
consumption(i.e. Illegal use),
Customer metering
inaccuracies )xx m3 /year( %)Real losses(Leakage)xx m3 /year8( %)－ 336 －

4. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water 2

NRW has given priority in O&M Programs such as quick repairof leaks, detection of illegal connections, replacement ofdefective meters, leak detection programs etc.
 Colombo city a Program already started to replace very old
leaky pipes of more than 70 years old.
 There is a program to giving new connections using Poly
Ethylene Pipes to reduce service leaks.
 Bi weekly meeting is being conducted with all operational
managers to review NRW situation in Western
province(including Colombo District) by General Manager.
 Training programs arranged to all staff concerned.
 Some services has been outsourced such as Leak repair andmeter reading Awareness programs, Disconnections and legal actions
against defaulters of bill payments are in operation
 Night surveys are done to identify leaks.
9

5. Accounting system of Water Supply ServiceAll the connections are metered and meter readings are taking
manually monthly.
 Bills issued monthly
 Consumers have provided facilities to bill payments forcollecting centers, Banks or online.
 Reminders are sending to consumers are not paying bills withlong outstanding dues.
 Commercial section is closely monitoring the system.
 Disconnection program and legal actions are imposed on
payment defaulters.

10－ 337 －

6. Major Recent Achievement in Improvement of
Water Supply Services/Management


For Colombo city(capital city) and suburbs improvements
several projects commenced. This includes rehabilitation ofLabugama and Kaltuwawa treatment plants. These plants arecommenced in year 1880 and 1960.
 A project is scheduled to be commenced shortly to enhance
the performance of energy utilization of Ambatale Water
Treatment plant which is supplying water to Colombo city andsuburbs.
 A project is scheduled to be commenced shortly to replace a
section of very old cast iron pipes(age more than 100years) of
diameter ranging from 500mm to 600mm supply water to
Colombo city.
 Web based systems are commencing gradually for system
control.(including Human Resources/stores/water quality
monitoring/billing/financial activities etc.
 Obtaing ISO 9001 certificates/productivity certificates/
laboratory accreditations/green productivity certificates etc.
11

7. Recent Challenges to Improvement of Water
Supply Services

Maintaining service level to present customers extending theservice to un-served population
 The main challenges are insufficient water availabilities,
inadequate technical capacities in the production, transmission
and distribution systems caused by various factors.
 Ageing of water supply infrastructure and problems connectedwith rehabilitation.
 Many water supply schemes have reached their upper
operational marginal capacities and it restricts the services to
consumers.
 Associated problems with adverse weather conditions
 Scarcity of surface water resources to provide water atreasonable cost
 Land acquisition and pipe laying issues in Highways.
 Difficulties of attending some leaks and repairs quickly due tovarious reasons.
 Difficulties of attending some Electrical and Mechanical repairs
quickly due to various reasons.

－ 338 －

12