ⱥㄒ⥲ྜຊ㣴ᡂࡢࡓࡵࡢẚ㍑ᩥ໬ㄽⓗ⪃ᐹ̿ᩍᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᩥᏛࡢά⏝̿᝷㇂ ⨾ᬛᏊࡣࡌࡵ࡟“Graded Reader” (GR)ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊࡑࡢά⏝ࢆᥦ᱌ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ᮏㄽࡣࠊඛ⾜ࡢᣋㄽࠕ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿⱥㄒᩍ⫱ࡢ⌧௦ⓗㄢ㢟ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡛ࠖㄽࡌࡓࠊ᪥ᮏேࡢⱥ,ㄒ⩦ᚓ࡟࠾ࡅࡿㄢ㢟ࢆࡩࡲ࠼ࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇ⮬ᅜᩥ໬ࡢࠕᖸ΅ࠖࡇ࡛ࡣࡉࡽ࡟ẚ㍑ᩥ໬ⓗぢᆅ࠿ࡽࡢ⪃ᐹࢆຍ࠼እᅜㄒࢆᏛࡪ㝿࡟ࡣࠊᙜ↛࡞ࡀࡽᏛ⩦⪅ࡣẕ࡚ࠊලయⓗゎỴἲࡢᥦ᱌࡟ࡲ࡛㆟ㄽࢆⓎᒎࡉࡏᅜㄒࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ↓ព㆑ⓗ࡟ཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊࡓ࠸ࠋ

Ⓨ㡢ࢆ౛࡟ᣲࡆࢀࡤࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡟ࡣࠊl, r, v ࡢⓎ㡢ඛ⾜ࡢᣋㄽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㛵㐃ಶᡤࡣᴫࡡ௨ୗࡢࡼࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ᪥ᮏேᏛ⩦⪅ࡣࠊ࡜ࡶࡍࢀࡤࡑࢀࡽ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬᫬௦ࡢ฿᮶࡟ࡼࢆ᪥ᮏㄒࡢࠕࣛࣜࣝࣞࣟࠖࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕࣂࣅࣈࡾࠊࢃࡀᅜ࡛ࡶⱥㄒຊࠊ≉࡟ᐇ㊶ⓗⱥㄒຊࡢᙉ࡛࣋࣎ࠖ㛫࡟ྜࢃࡏࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇ໬ࡀ♫఍ⓗ࡟ࡶႚ⥭ࡢㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡟ẕᅜㄒࡀእᅜㄒᏛ⩦࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸୰Ꮫࠊ㧗➼ᏛᰯࡢᏛ⏕ࡢⱥㄒຊ࡟ࡣࠊᅜࡀ㐩ᡂࡿࡢࡣ࿘▱ࡢ஦ᐇࡔࡀࠊࠕᩥ໬ࠖ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶࡑ┠ᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚ᥖࡆࡿ⌮᝿࡟ࡣ࠸ࡲࡔ࡯࡝㐲࠸ࡶࡢ

ࢀ࡜ྠᵝࡢࡇ࡜ࡀ ࠎ࡟ࡋ࡚㉳ࡇࡿࠋእᅜㄒᏛࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏேࡀⱥㄒࢆ⩦ᚓ⩦⪅ࡣᚰ⌮ⓗ࡟ࡶࠊከ࠿ࢀᑡ࡞࠿ࢀ⮬ᅜᩥ໬ࡢࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ㝿ࠊ᪥ᮏே࡞ࡽ࡛ࡣࡢ୙฼ࡉࡀ⪃ࠕᖸ΅ࠖࢆචࢀᚓ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣᙜ↛ࠊ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ୍ࡘ࡟᪥ᮏㄒ࡜ⱥㄒ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟ࡿࡇ࡜ࡔࡀࠊ᪥ᮏேࡢሙྜࠊ᪥ᮏே࡟㢧ⴭࡔ࡜௓ᅾࡍࡿࠕゝㄒⓗ㊥㞳ࡢ኱ࡁࡉࠖ㸦ⓑ஭ 㸧ᛮࢃࢀࡿ⮬ព㆑ࡢࠕᖸ΅ࠖࡣࠊゝㄒ⩦ᚓ࡟ࡣ≉ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࡟୙฼࡟ാࡃࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊ᪥ᮏ ᮏㄽ࡛ࡣࠊ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞㆟ㄽࢆࡩࡲ࠼ࠊ᪥ᮏேࡢࠕ᜝ࠖࡢឤぬࢆྲྀࡾ࠶ࡆ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡣேࡀⱥㄒࢆᏛࡪ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡝࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡞ࡢ᪥ᮏே࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ୍✀ࡢ⨾ព㆑࡟ࡶ࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿᚰ

࠿ࠊẚ㍑ᩥ໬ㄽⓗ࡞ぢᆅ࠿ࡽࡶ⪃ᐹࡋࡓ࠸ࠋල⌮ⓗ≉ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ௚᪉ࠊゝㄒᏛ⩦࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣయⓗ࡟ࡣࠊ⮬ᅜᩥ໬ࡢࠕᖸ΅ࠖࡢၥ㢟ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡑ࠺ࡋࡓព㆑ࡀࠊ୙㐠࡞ࡇ࡜࡟ࠊࡴࡋࢁࠕࣈࣞࡆࡿࠋ᪥ᮏㄒ࡜ⱥㄒ࡜ࡢゝㄒⓗᕪ␗ࡢၥ㢟ࡣࠊ࣮࢟ࠖࡢᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ๓㏙ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏேᏛ⩦⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡜ࡣࡲࡗࡓࡃ✀㢮ࢆ␗࡟ࡍࡿ୙฼࡟ാࡃࡢࡔࡀࠊࡑࢀࡤ࠿ࡾ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ␗ᩥ໬ゝㄒ࡛࠶ࡿⱥㄒࢆᏛࡪࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡓ␗ẚ㍑ࢆษཱྀ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡳࢀࡤࠊ⮬ᅜᩥ໬ࡢᖸ΅ࡶゝᩥ໬ࠊከᩥ໬ࡢ⌮ゎࡣࠊ༢࡟ᩍ㣴ⓗ▱㆑࡜ࡋ࡚ㄒ⩦ᚓࡢ㝿ࠊ኱ࡁ࡞㞀ᐖࡢ୍ࡘ࡜࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿࠋ␃ࡲࡽࡎ࡟ࠊᏛ⩦⪅ࡣ␗ᩥ໬ࢆ▱ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ ᮏㄽࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡲࡎࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞␗ࡑࢀࡽ࡜ࡢẚ㍑ᑐ↷ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚⮬ࡽࡢᩥ໬࡟ᑐࡍ

ᩥ໬ẚ㍑ⓗどⅬ࠿ࡽࡢ⪃ᐹࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡢࡕࠊࡑ࠺ࡿㄆ㆑ࡶ῝ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡑࢀࡋࡓၥ㢟Ⅼࡢ✺◚ཱྀ࡜࡞ࡿࠊᩍᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕᩥ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠊࡇࡇ࡛ᮏㄽࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࠊⱥㄒ⩦ᚓ࡟㛵Ꮫࠖࡢ᭷⏝ᛶࢆ⪃࠼ࠊලయⓗၥ㢟ゎỴἲࡢ୍➃ࠊ㐃࡙ࡅ࡚࠸࠼ࡤࠊࠕ␗ᩥ໬⌮ゎЍ⮬ᅜᩥ໬⌮ゎ࣭

－1－ㄆ㆑ࠖࡣᏛ⩦⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࡉࡽ࡟ⱥㄒ⩦ᚓ࡟㸦ୡ㛫࡜ࡣ㸧ࡑࡢ㐨ᚨ࡜⩦័࡜ࠊ≉࡟⩌⾗࠾ࡅࡿ୍✀ࡢࢥࢶࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡲ࡛୚࠼࡚ࡃࢀ

ᚰ⌮࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᨭ㓄ࡉࢀࡿពᚿ⾲♧࡜ࢆ㔜ࡃࡳࡿዎᶵ࡟ࡶ࡞ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ

ࡓ⪃࡬᪉࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡣࡲࡓࠊ⮬ᕫಖᏑࡢ௚࡞ࢇ

ㄒᏛ⩦ᚓࡀᡂຌࡍࡿ࠿ྰ࠿ࡣࠊࣁ࣮ࣂ࣮ࢻ኱ࡽࡢ⌮᝿ࢆࡶࡓࡎࠊ㠀᝟࡜ࡶபࡩ࡭ࡁᙧᘧⓗᏛࡢᩍᤵ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠊᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ⪅ࡢࢪ࣭ࣙࣥ࡞᥅ࡢୖ࡟ࡓࡕࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ␗ศᏊⓗᏑᅾࢆ᤼㹀࣭࢟ࣕࣟࣝ(John B. Carroll) ࡢ♧၀ࡍࡿࠕゝᧁࡍࡿᮏ⬟ࡢᴟࡵ࡚┠❧ࡘࠊᆅᇦⓗࠊ᫬௦ⓗㄒ㐺ᛶࠖ “language aptitude”)(Carroll࡟㝈ࡽࢀࡓ୍♫఍ࢆᣦࡍࡶࡢ࡜ᛮࡣࢀࡿࠋ࡜῝࠸㛵ࢃࡾࢆࡶࡘࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣྠ᫬࡟ࠊᏛ⩦⪅ᓊ⏣ ࡢᚰ⌮ⓗഃ㠃ࠊ౯್ほ➼࡜ࡶᐦ᥋࡟㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚰ⌮ⓗᇶ┙ࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ࡜ࡾࡶ࡞ࡇࢀࡣᓊ⏣ࡢ᫬௦ࠊࡘࡲࡾ  ᖺ๓ࡢࠕୡ㛫ࠖ࠾ࡉࡎࠊ⮬ᕫࡢ᪥ᮏே࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ୍ぢࠊ᫬௦㘒ㄗⓗ࡞ୡ㛫ほࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡶ࢕࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡔࡀࠊ⮬ᅜᩥ໬ࡢከ኱࡞ᙳ㡪ୗ࡟࠶ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓୡ㛫࡬ࡢ៸ࡾࠊࡘࡿ⮬ᕫ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ព㆑ⓗ࡟࡞ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡲࡾᮏㄽࡢࢸ࣮࣐࡟༶ࡋ࡚࠸࠼ࡤࠊ⮬ศࢆྲྀࡾㄒᏛ⩦ᚓ࡟ࡣࡣ࠿ࡾࡋࢀ࡞࠸฼Ⅼ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡋᕳ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ௚ேࡢ┠࡟ᚲせ௨ୖ࡟⚄⤒㉁࡟࡞ࡾࠊ

࡚ࡑࢀ࡜ࡣ㏫࡟ࠊᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ↓⮬ぬ࡞ࡲࡲ᪥ᮏࡢ⮬ព㆑㐣๫࡟㝗ࡿഴྥࡣࠊ⯆࿡῝࠸ࡇ࡜࡟ࠊ⌧ᩥ໬࡟࡝ࡗ࡫ࡾࡣࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ἣࡣࠊ⌧ᐇࡢᩍ௦ࡢⱝ࠸᪥ᮏேᏛ⩦⪅ࡓࡕ࡟ࡶ ࠎ࡟ࡋ࡚ぢཷ⫱⌧ሙⓗぢᆅ࠿ࡽࡍࢀࡤࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶ᭷฼࡟ࡣാࡅࡽࢀࡿ⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡣࠕ᜝ࠖࢆᜍ࠿࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣ⮬ᅜㄒࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ⮬ᅜᩥ໬ࡢࢀࡿẼᣢࡕ࡟ᐜ᫆࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࠕᖸ΅ࠖࢆࡶ኱࠸࡟ಁࡍࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆⱥㄒᏛ⩦ࡢሙྜ࡟࠶࡚ࡣࡵࢀࡤࠊ᪥ᮏேࡣᤵᴗ୰ࠊ኱௮࡟࠸࠺࡞ࡽࠕ⾗ே┘どࡢ≧ἣ㸯㸬ࠕୡ㛫ࠖ࡜࠸࠺᪥ᮏㄒࡢ୰࡛ࠖ㛫㐪࠸ࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㠀ᖖ࡟ᜍࢀࡿࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ≧ἣࢆᴟຊ㑊ࡅࡓㄒᏛᏛ⩦ࠊ≉࡟᪥ᮏேࡀⱥㄒࢆᏛࡪሙྜࠊ⪃࠸࡜㢪࠺ᚰ⌮ࡀാࡃࠋࠕ᜝ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࠊ᪥ᮏே࡟

៖ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡣ⮬ᅜᩥ໬ࡢᖸ΅ࡔࡀࠊࡇ≉࡟ᙉ࠸⮬ព㆑ࡣ᪥ᮏேᏛ⩦⪅ࡢព㆑ࡢᗏ࡟ࡣࡇ࡛ࡣ୍౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢࠕୡ㛫ࠖࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡲࡔ᰿῝ࡃṧࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࠕゝࢃࡠࡀⰼࠖⓗ⨾ព࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶࠊ㆑ࡶ౫↛ࠊ೺ᅾ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࠕୡ㛫ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡣࠊ↓⮬ぬⓗ࡞᪥ᮏⓗ౯್ࡇࢀࡣᩍ࠼ࡿഃ࡟ࡶ࠸࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡔࡀࠊࡓ࡜࠼ほࢆ࡝ࡗ࡫ࡾᰁࡳ㎸ࡲࡏࡓゝⴥ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࡤ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ேᩍᖌࡣᤵᴗ୰ࠊᏛ⏕ࡢⓎゝ࡟ᑐࡋࢀࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊ࠶ࡿ㧗ྡ࡞᪥ᮏㄒ

࡚“Good job!”࡜࠸࠺୍✀ࡢ࢚࣮ࣝࢆ㢖⦾࡟ⓎᏛ⪅ࡣࠊࠕୡ㛫ࠖ࡜࠸࠺᪥ᮏㄒࢆ࡞ࢇࡽ㌋㌉ࡍࡍࡿࡀࠊ᪥ᮏேᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ࡯࠺࡟ࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ኱ࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃࠊᶵᲔⓗ࡟“society”࡜ⱥヂࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ௮࡞㈹㈶ࢆ㠃ᫎࡺࡃឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿᵝᏊࡀ ࠎ࡟ࡋ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞◊✲⪅ࡣࠊ┿ࡢព࿡࡛᪥ᮏㄒࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚ࡳ࡚࡜ࢀࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᩍᖌ࠿ࡽࡢᡭᨺࡋࡢ㈹࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣᛮ࠼࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺୺᪨ࡢⓎゝࢆࡋ࡚࠸㈶ࠊຬẼ࡙ࡅ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᏛ⩦⪅ഃࡢ⮬ᕫ⾲⌧ຊࡿࠋࢆᘬࡁฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࠊḢ⡿ࠊ≉࡟࢔࣓ࣜࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ࠸ࡗࡓ࠸ࠕୡ㛫ࠖ࡜ࡣఱ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠋࡓ࢝᪉ᘧࡢᩍ⫱࡛⫱ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓᏛ⏕࡜ࠊ᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕࡜࠼ࡤࣇࣛࣥࢫ㏆௦๻ࡢ◊✲⪅࡛࠶ࡿᓊ⏣ᅧኈࡢ㛫࡟ࡣࠊᤵᴗែᗘ࡟᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㏆ᖺࠊࡣࠕୡ㛫ࠖ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ゝཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ୍㒊ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ“Good job!”ᘧࡢᩍ⫱ἲࡀ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶᑟࢆ⤂௓ࡍࢀࡤࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋධࡉࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ᪥ᮏேࡣࠊᩍᖌ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶᏛ⏕࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᏛ⏕ࡢ⮬Ⓨᛶࢆಁࡍࡼ࠺࡞ᩍ⫱ἲ࡟ࡲࡔ࠶ࡲࡾ័ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ

－2－࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ࡎࠊࡑࢀࡀ௒ᚋࠊ᪥ᮏேࡢ᜝ࡢ⮬ព㆑ࡢᖸ΅࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࢀ࡜ྠᵝࠊྰࠊࡑ࡜࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᢡࡾྜ࠸ࢆࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࠿ࠊ኱ࡁࢀࡼࡾࡶࡉࡽ࡟⯆࿡῝࠸Ⓨぢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊᏛ࡞ㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋ

⩦⪅ࡢព㆑ࡢࡉࡽ࡟ዟ῝࠸࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡣࠕ⮬ᅜᩥࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ௚᪉ࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᩍᤵἲࡣࠊࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ
“Active learning” ࡜࠸࠺ྡ๓ࡢࡶ࡜ࠊࡍ࡛࡟᪥໬ࠖࡢᖸ΅ࡀཝ࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

ᮏ࡛ࡶጞືࡋࡣࡌࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࠊୖグࡢㄢ㢟ࡢ㐩ᡂࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊⱥㄒࢆẕㄒ࡜ࡍࡿᏛ⩦⪅ࡀࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡶᮇᚅࡀࡶ࡚ࡿࠋࡲࡓ᫬௦ⓗ࡞㊅ໃ࠿ࡽ࠸࠼ㄒࢆᏛࡪ㝿࡟♧ࡍࡶࡗ࡜ࡶᙉⅯ࡞ࠕ␗ᩥ໬ࠖࡢ

ࡤࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࡢ㐍ᒎ࡟࡜ࡶ࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏே୍ࡘࡣࠊᙼࡽࡢ✚ᴟᛶࠊ⮬ᕫ୺ᙇࠊ⮬ᕫ⾲⌧ࡢࡢ⮬ព㆑࡟ࡶኚ໬ࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ஦ᐇ࡛࠶ຊᙉࡉ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍౛ࢆᣲࡆࢀࡤࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞࢚

ࡾࠊᑗ᮶ࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ࢠࣕࢵࣉࡣᛴ㏿࡟⦰ࡲࡗ࡚

ࣆࢯ࣮ࢻࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࡲࡉ࡟ㄒᏛᩍ⫱ࡢ⌧ሙ࠸ࡃࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊྠᵝ࡟ࠕࢠࣕࢵࣉ࡛ࠖ࠶

࡛㉳ࡇࡗࡓ␗ᩥ໬ࡢ཯ᛂ࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᅜෆࡢୡ௦㛫ࡢࢠࣕࢵࣉ࡞࡝࡟ẚࡢ࡛ࠊ௨ୗ࡟ᐇ㊶グ㘓ⓗ࡟ヲ⣽ࢆࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟ࡑ

㍑ࡍࢀࡤࠊᚤ⣽࡞ࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃྍ⬟ᛶࡣ኱ࡗ࡚ࡳ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ࠸࡟࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ⌧᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡣࠊࡑ࠺

࠶ࡿᤵᴗ࡛ࠊ“wear”࡜࠸࠺ㄒࡀฟ࡚ࡁࡓࠋⱥ

ࡋࡓᩥ໬ⓗᕪ␗ࡣ↓ど࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡢࡀᐇ᝟࡛࠶ࢁ

ㄒࡢ“wear”㸦ࠕ㌟࡟ࡘࡅࡿࠖ㸧ࡣᗈ⠊ᅖࡢ౑ࢃ࠺ࠋ

ࢀ᪉ࢆࡍࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡟ẚࡋ࡚᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡣࠊࡣࡿ࠿࡟⣽ศ໬ࡋࡓ౑࠸᪉ࡀࡉࢀࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ㌟࡟ࠕ⚾ࡣ୍㊊ࡢ║㙾ࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠖࡘࡅࡿሙᡤ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊୖ࠿ࡽࠕ⿕ࡿࠖࠊࠕ╔ࡿࠖࠊࠕᒚࡃࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡟᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡣูࡢゝⴥࢆゝㄒ⩦ᚓୖࡢࠊ⮬ᅜᩥ໬ࡢᖸ΅࡟㛵ࡋ࡚࠸࠼⏝࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㌟࡟ࡘࡅࡿࡶࡢ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶࠊࡓ࡜

ࡤࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ“Good job!” ᘧᩍ⫱ἲࡶ࠼ࡤࠕ║㙾ࠖࡣࠕ࠿ࡅࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊࠕ᫬ィࠖࡣྵࡵࡓࠊᏛ⩦⪅ࡢᩥ໬ⓗᕪ␗࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡣゝࠕࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ౑࠸ศࡅࡀ࠶ࡿࠋㄒᏛ⩦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ኱࠸࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ᤵᴗ࡛ࡣࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ୍㏻ࡾㄝ᫂ࡋࡓࡢ

ࡑࢀࡣࠊࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ➹⪅⮬㌟ࡢయ㦂࡟↷ࡽࡋྜࢃࡔࡀࠊࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ⤊ࢃࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡏ࡚ࡳ࡚ࡶ☜࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋ౛ド࡜ࡋ࡚௨ୗ࡟ࡑࡢࡇࡕࡽࡢㄝ᫂ࡀ⤊ࢃࡿ࠿⤊ࢃࡽ࡞࠸࠺ࡕ࡟ࠊ᪩య㦂ࢆ୍ࡘࡢᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶ሗ࿌ⓗ࡟グࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ

㏿ࠊ୍ேࡢ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ேᏛ⏕ࡀᣲᡭࠊ㉁ၥࡋ࡚ࡁ

 ➹⪅ࡣࠊ㐣ཤ࡟࠾࠸࡚㏻⟬  ᖺ࠶ࡲࡾࠊ኱Ꮫ

ࡓࠋ“a pair of”ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ఱ࡜࠸࠺࠿ࢆᑜࡡ࡚

ࡢᅜ㝿ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡟࠾࠸࡚࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࠊ

ࡁࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕ୍㊊ࡢ㹼ࠖ࡜ࠊᩍᖌࡢ࡯࠺ࡣ

࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔࠾ࡼࡧ࢝ࢼࢲ࠿ࡽࡢ஺᥮␃Ꮫ⏕࡞ࢇࡢ῝࠸⪃࠼ࡶ࡞ࡃᶵᲔⓗ࡟⟅࠼࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ

ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࡍࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊẸ㛫ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵ࡢᅜ㝿♫఍ࡢࡔࡀࠊࡑࢀࡀ࠸ࡅ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢᏛ⏕ࡣࠕ஢ዊ௙ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡛ࡣࠊ୺࡟ⱥㄒࢆẕᅜㄒ࡜ࡍࡿḢゎ㸟ࠖ࡜࠸ࢃࢇࡤ࠿ࡾ࡟ࠊ⮬ศࡀ௒ࠊసࡗࡓࡤ

⡿ࡢ♫఍ேࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࠾ࡼࡧ᪥ᮏᩥ໬ࢥ

࠿ࡾ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿᩥࢆᇽࠎ࡜ཱྀ㢌Ⓨ⾲ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ

࣮ࢫࡢࢥ࣮ࢹ࢕ࢿ࣮ࢱ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ᩍ㠴ࢆ࡜ࡗࡓ⤒ࠕ⚾ࡣ୍㊊ࡢ║㙾ࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠖࠋ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡣࠊ≀ࢆᩘ࠼ࡿ࡜ࡁࠊᩘ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡶ㦂ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
⌧ᅾࡣࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࢆẕㄒ࡜ࡍࡿᏛ⩦⪅࡟ⱥㄒࢆࡢ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡑࡢㄒ࡟ࡘࡃㄒࡀ␗࡞ࡿࠋᩍᖌࡣࠊᩍ࠼ࡿ≧ἣ࡟࠶ࡾࠊᙜ᫬ࡣࠊࡑࢀ࡜ࡣࡕࡻ࠺࡝

ࡑࡢᏛ⏕ࡀ᭱ึ㉁ၥࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊఱ࡟ࡑࡢ

㏫ࡢ≧ἣࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕⱥㄒࢆẕㄒ࡜ࡍࡿᏛ⩦⪅࡟“a pair of”ࢆࡘࡅࡿࡘࡶࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆࡲࡎ☜᪥ᮏㄒࢆᩍ࠼ࡿ≧ἣ࡟࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡔࡀࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓㄆࡍ࡭ࡁࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡉࡽ࡟࠸࠼ࡤࠊ㸰ࡘࡢᑐ↷ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱⌧ሙࡢ⤒㦂࠿ࡽ③ឤࡉࢀࡓ

“a pair of”ࡣࠊᙉㄪ➼ࠊ≉Ṧ࡞ሙྜࢆ㝖࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡢࡣࠊᙜ↛࡞ࡀࡽࠊእᅜㄒᏛ⩦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⮬ᅜㄒࡇ࡜ࡉࡽ࡟᪥ᮏㄒ࡟ヂࡍᚲせࡣ࡞࠸ࡢࡔࡀࠊࡑ－3－࠺ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡶᩍ࠼࡚࠾ࡃ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢሙ✚ᴟᛶ࡜࠸࠺฼ⅬࢆࠊᏛ⩦⪅ࡣࡐࡦ⮬ศࡢࡶࡢྜࠊᏛ⏕ࡢ㛫㐪࠸ࡣࠊࡍ࡭࡚ᩍᖌഃࡢ⮳ࡽ࡞ࡉ࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࠋࠕⱥㄒ࡛⪃࠼ࢁࠖ࡜ࡣࠊࡺ࠼ࡢࡶࡢ࡞ࡢࡔࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛ᙉㄪࡋࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊⱥㄒ࡛ヰࡍሙྜࠊຓゝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡼࡃ࠸ࢃࢀࡿᖖዓࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊࡇࡢᏛ⩦⪅ࡀࠊࡑࡢྃⓗࣇ࣮ࣞࢬ࡛࠶ࡿࠋཱྀࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ⮬ศࡢ㢌⛬ᗘࡢ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ▱㆑ࡋ࠿࡞࠸࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊࡢ࡯࠺ࡶࡲࡓⱥㄒࡢㄽ⌮ᛮ⪃࡟ษࡾ᭰࠼ࡼࠊ࡜⩦࠸ࡓ࡚ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒࢆ⮬ศ࡛ヨࡋࠊᯝᩒ࡟ᣮᡓࡋ࠸࠺ព࿡ࡔࢁ࠺ࡀࠊⱥㄒࢆᏛ⩦ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㛫ࡣࠊ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣ᪂⡿ᩍᖌࡢ㈗㔜࡞␗㢌ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊᚰ᝟ࡢ࡯࠺ࡶࡲࡓࠊ୍᫬ⓗ࡟࡛ᩥ໬య㦂࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡔࡀࠊྠ᫬࡟ࠊᙉࡃ༳㇟࡙ࡣ࠶ࢀࠊࠕⱥㄒᅪࡢே㛫࡟࡞ࡿࠖࡇ࡜ࡣ⩦ᚓ࡟ࡅࡽࢀࡓࡢࡣࠊㄒᏛᏛ⩦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊពḧࠊ✚ᴟࡣ☜ᐇ࡟᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᛶ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡀ࠸࠿࡟㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚

࠸ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ>እᅜே࡟᪥ᮏㄒࢆᩍ,,࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ↎ࡾฟࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓከᩥ໬ⓗどⅬࡢ࡞ࡐ௒ࠊࠕᩥᏛࠖ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠋ⪃ᐹ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡍ࡛࡟ࣦࠗ࢓࢚ࣜࢸ࠘  ࠊᐇ⏝ⱥㄒࡢᚲせᛶࡀྉࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⌧௦ࠊࡋ࠿ࠗබホ࠘  ➼࡛ከᩥ໬⌮ゎホㄽ࡜ࡋࡋࠊ࡞ࡐࡇࡇ࡛ࠕᩥᏛࠖ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠋ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟᫬௦

࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊヲ⣽࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣᮎᑿࡢཧ㘒ㄗⓗ࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡔࡀࠊࡴࡋ⪃ᩥ⊩ࢆཧ↷࡟ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ@ࢁࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ᫬௦ࡔ࠿ࡽࡇࡑࡢᩥᏛ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡶ࠸᪥ᮏ࡟࠸ࡿእᅜேࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ⬟ຊࡢ㐍Ṍࡣ┠ぬ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕ⮬ᅜㄒࡋ࠿▱ࡽ࡞࠸ே㛫ࡣ⮬ࡋ࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣᙜ↛ࠊᙼࡽࡀ᪥ᮏ࡟⁫ᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᅜㄒࡶ▱ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊࢻ࢖ࢶࡢᩥ㇦ࠊ

ࡇ࡜ࡶ኱ࡁ࡞せᅉ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡼ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⩻ࣚ ࣁ ࣥ ࣭ ࣦ ࢛ ࣝ ࣇ ࢞ ࣥ ࢢ ࣭ ࣇ ࢛ ࣥ ࣭ ࢤ ࣮ ࢸࡗ࡚⪃࠼࡚ࡳࢀࡤࠊⱥㄒᅪࡢᾏእ࡟␃Ꮫࡋ࡚࠸

(Johann Wolfgang von Goethe,  ࡛ࡿ᪥ᮏேࡀࠊᙜ↛ࠊಶேᕪࡶ࠶ࢁ࠺ࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡟࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢゝⴥࡣࡲࡉࡋࡃ㐩ぢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸ࢃࡋ࡚ࡶⱥㄒࡢ⩦ᚓ࡟ࡑࢀ࡯࡝ࡢ✚ᴟᛶࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࡡࡤ࡞ࡿࡲ࠸ࠋࡔࡀࠊࢤ࣮ࢸࡢࡑࡢ㏱ᚭࡋࡓὝ⮫ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋᐹࡣࠕᩥ໬ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ࠸࠼ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠕ⮬ᅜࡢᩥ໬ࡋ࠿▱ࡽ࡞࠸ே㛫ࡣࠊ⮬ᅜࡢࠕⱥㄒᅪࡢே㛫࡟࡞ࡿࠖᩥ໬ࡶ▱ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋⱥㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡣ⮬ᅜᩥ໬ࢆ┦ᑐⓗ࡟ㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡇ

1. Grammar-translationmethod࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᙜ↛࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠊ⮬ศࢆ

Audio-lingual method⦡ࡿᯟ⤌ࠊࡘࡲࡾ⮬ศࡀ⏕ࡲࢀ⫱ࡗࡓ⮬ᅜࡢᩥ(“Deductive” vs.“Inductive”)

vs.

໬ࡶࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞ど㔝࠿ࡽࡍࢀࡤࠊከᩥ໬ࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ୍ᩥ໬࡟ࡍࡂ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠕⱥㄒࡢᤵᴗࡣ࣮ࣜࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࡤ࠿ࡾࡔࡗࡓࡢ

ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡍ࡛࡟㏙࡭࡚ࡁࡓ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡛ࠊⱥㄒࡣࠗㄞࡵࡿ࠘ࡀࠊࠗヰࡏ࡞࠸࠘ࠖ࡜࠸ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤᮏㄽ࡛ࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ⮬ศࢆ⦡ࡿᩥ໬ࡗࡓࠊⱥㄒ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᪥ᮏேࡢ୍⯡ⓗឤ᝿ࡣࠊ┿ࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࡢ୍౛ࢆࠊࠕୡ㛫ࠖࢆ୍ࡘࡢ㘽ᴫᛕ࡜ᐇࢆ࠸࠸ᚓ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡣᛮ࠼࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊࡋ࡚ㄽࡌ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡔࡀࠊከᩥ໬ⓗㄆ㆑ࢆᚓࡿࡓ

ࡍ࡛࡟๓㏙ࡢᣋㄽ㸦᝷㇂ࠕ⌧௦ࡢㄢ㢟ࠖ㸧࡟ࡵ࡟ࡣࠊⱥㄒᏛ⩦ࡀᜦዲࡢᶵ఍࡜࡞ࡿࠋⱥㄒࢆ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㧗᲍ࡢ⢭ᐦ࡞㈨ᩱࢆࡶ࡜࡟᳨ドࡋ࡚࠸Ꮫࡪࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ᪥ᮏே࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸࡿࠋ㧗᲍ࡀ࠸ࡳࡌࡃࡶ⤖ㄽ࡙ࡅࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࠕ᪥

࢕ࢸ࢕ࡣࡋࡗ࠿ࡾಖࡕࡘࡘࠊከᩥ໬ࡢどⅬࢆ㣴ᮏேࡣ࣮ࣜࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࡸᩥἲࡣ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࠸ࠊࡲࡓ≉࡟ⱥㄒᏛ⩦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࡜ࡾࢃࡅୖ

ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠖࡢࡔ 㧗グ࡛ゝཬࡋࡓⱥㄒᅪࡢᩥ໬ࠊ≉࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ேࡢ᲍ ࠋ⌧ᅾࡢᩍ⫱⌧ሙ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊヂㄞἲࠊ

－4－ࡘ ࡲ ࡾ ⩻ ヂ ᩍ ᤵ ἲ  (Grammar-translation

Furthermore, research shows that bothmethod)ࡣ᫬௦ࡢ㊅ໃ࡟࠶ࢃ࡞࠸ᪧᩍᤵἲ࡜

inductive and deductive methods should beࡋ୍࡚᪉ⓗ࡟ᩗ㐲ࡉࢀࡀࡕ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࢹ࣮ࢱ࠿

used, in alternation. Generally it is moreࡽㄞࡳྲྀࡿᐈほⓗ஦ᐇࡣ PBT (Paper-Basedefficient to present something for deductiveTest) ࡢ᫬௦ࠊࡘࡲࡾ⩻ヂᩍᤵἲࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶

learning, and then to require the student toࡾࠊࡑࡋ࡚Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡣࠕⱥㄒࡢㄞࡳࠊᩥἲ࡞ࡽ࡞

deepen his understanding by inductiveࢇ࡜࠿࡞ࡿࠖ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ᫬ᮇ࡛ࡉ࠼ࠊ᪥ᮏே

methods. Thus, I would say that both theࡢㄒᙡࠊᩥἲࡢ⬟ຊࡣࠊᏛ⩦⪅ࡓࡕᙜேࡢព㆑

grammar-translation࡯࡝࡟ࡣ㧗ࡃࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺஦ᐇࡣࡍ࡛࡟ࡳ

audio-lingual method contain desirable࡚ࡁࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿ 㧗᲍ ࠊ᝷㇂ࠕ⌧௦ࡢㄢ

features that should be incorporated in㢟ࠖ ࠋinstruction of optimal quality. (100-102)௚᪉ࠊࠕᏛࡪ࡭ࡁⱥㄒ㸻ᐇ㊶ⱥㄒ㸻ⱥ఍ヰࠖࠊ

methodandtheࡇ࠺ࡋࡓὶࢀࡀ▷⤡ⓗ࡟⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡽࢀࡿ⌧௦ࡢୖグࡢ࢟ࣕࣟࣝࡢ୺ᙇࢆせ⣙ࡍࢀࡤࠊᩍᖌࡣ㢼₻ࢆࠊ࢟ࣕࣟࣝࡶࡲࡓண▱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࡲࡎ⩻ヂᩍᤵἲ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚₇⧢ⓗ࡟ᩍ࠼ࠊࡋ࠿ࡿࢀ࡞࠸ࠋᙼࡣࠊᚋ࡟ࠊᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ⌮ゎࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆ௒ᗘࡣཱྀ㢌ᩍᤵ⩻ヂᩍᤵἲࢆ₇⧢ⓗ㸦“Deductive”㸧Ꮫ⩦㐣⛬ࠊἲ࡛ᖐ⣡ⓗ࡟ᐃ╔ࡉࡏࠊᏛ⩦⪅⮬㌟ࡢࡶࡢ࡜ࡉཱྀ㢌ᩍᤵἲ㸦Audio-lingual method㸧ࢆᖐ⣡ⓗࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⌮᝿ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ⩻㸦“Inductive”㸧Ꮫ⩦㐣⛬࡜ࡋ࡚఩⨨࡙ࡅࠊㄒᏛヂᩍᤵἲ࡛ࡣࠊゝㄒୖࡢ஦ᐇࡸつ๎㸦ᩥἲ➼㸧ᩍ⫱⌧ሙ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡽ୧ᩍᤵἲࡢᰂ㌾࡞ࢆணࡵᏛ⏕࡟࿊♧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆά⏝ࡀᚲせ࡜ࡋ࡚௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᥦၐࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ▱㆑࡜ࡋ࡚ࡲࡎᏛ⏕ࡓࡕ࡟༑ศࠊ⌮ゎࠊ⣡ᚓࡉࡏࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊᏛ⏕ࡓࡕ⮬㌟ࡢάືࠊᛂ⏝࡟Ⓨᒎ Quality of instruction has an intimateࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃᩍᤵἲ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊཱྀ㢌ᩍᤵἲ࡛ࡣࠊ

connection with methodology in foreignࡑࢀ࡜ࡣࡕࡻ࠺࡝㏫ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ㎺ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ

language instruction. . . . It seems to meᏛ⏕࡟ࡣࡲࡎᐇ㝿ⓗ࡞஦≀➼ࠊゝㄒᮦᩱࢆ౛࡜

thattheࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡘ࠿୚࠼ࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࠊゝㄒつ๎➼ࡢᩍᤵ

grammar-translation and the audio-lingualࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᏛ⏕ࡀ⮬ࡽయ㦂ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊゝㄒ⩦ᚓ࡟

procedures as methods (leaving aside theᚲせ࡞஦ᐇࡸつ๎ࢆᖐ⣡ⓗ࡟⪃࠼ࡓࡾࠊ᥎ㄽࡍ

contrast in objectives) is in the degree toࡿ࡟ࡲ࠿ࡏࡿࠋ࠸ࢃࡺࡿᏊ࡝ࡶࡀẕᅜㄒࢆ⮬↛which they make demands on deductive vs.

࡟Ꮫࢇ࡛࠸ࡃ㝿ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ࡜ࡿࠋ୧ᩍᤵἲ࡟

inductive learning processes on the part ofࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ࡜ࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿthe student. . . .

ࡀࠊ࢟ࣕࣟࣝࡢᥦၐࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊࡑࡢ஧ࡘࡢᩍᤵ

thecontrast

betweenNow, various researches in educationalἲࡢ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢆ⏕࠿ࡋࡓ⌮᝿ⓗ࡞⼥ྜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

psychology have shown that while inductive௒᪥ࠊ⩻ヂᩍᤵἲࡣࠊ࡜ࡶࡍࢀࡤ᫬௦㐜ࢀࡢ⏘

methods are useful to teach the child how to≀࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡀࡕ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ࢟ࣕࣟࣝࡢ

discover things for himself, they are less୺ᙇࡣ⌧௦࡛ࡶ༑ศㄝᚓᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

efficient as regular teaching methods. Lifeࠕே⏕ࡣ▷࠸ࠋᏛ⏕ࡀ⮬ศࡓࡕ࡛Ⓨぢࡍࡿࡲis too short to leave the student to discoverࡲ࡟ࠊᨺࡗ࡚࠾ࡃ࡟ࡣ▷ࡍࡂࡿࠖࠋ࢟ࣕࣟࣝࡣ

everything for himself; otherwise scholars࠸ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚⥆ࡅࡿࠋࠕࡑࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜ࢆࡍ

and scientists who have done the originalࢀࡤࠊᏛ⪅ࡸ⛉Ꮫ⪅ࡓࡕࡀࠊ⏕ᾭࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚ࡏࡗ

discoveries have lived their lives in vain.

࠿ࡃⓎぢࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓࡶࡢࡀ↓㥏࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ

－5－࠺ࠖࠋࡲࡉ࡟្║࡜࠸࠺௚࡞࠸ࠋ ᗘ࡜㔜࡞ࡿࠊ␗ᖖ࡜ࡶ࠸࠼ࡿ༳ๅᰯṇࡢࡓࡵࠊᙼࡣฟ∧ࡢࡓࡧ࡟༳ๅᴗ⪅࠿ࡽᰯṇๅࡢ㈝⏝ࡀ ࠕㄞࡳ≀ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᩥᏛㄳồࡉࢀࠊ㈋❓≧ἣ࡟㝗ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࠋᙼࡢ᥎ᩙࡀ࠸࠿࡟ᚭᗏࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࠿ࡣࠊỴᐃᩥᏛࢆᩍᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ฼Ⅼࡣࡉࡲ∧ࠊࡘࡲࡾ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓᮏࡀ  㡫࡛࠶ࡊࡲ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ␗ࡗࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋࠊඖཎ✏࡜ᰯṇๅࢆ〇ᮏࡋࡓྜᮏᩥ໬࡟┠ࢆ㛤ࡃࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ⩻ࡗ࡚ࠊ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢᩥࡢ࡯࠺ࡣࡑࡢ  ಸࡢ  㡫࡟ࡶཬࢇࡔ࡜࠸࠺໬ࡢ≉㉁࡟Ẽ࡙࠿ࡏࡿዎᶵࢆᏛ⩦⪅࡟୚࠼ࡿࠋ஦ᐇࡀࡑࢀࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚࡞࡟ࡼࡾࠊ᭱ࡇࢀࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡞Ⅼ࡛ࠊᐇ㝿ⓗ࡞ㄒᏛ⩦ᚓ࡟⤊∧࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ࠊඖཎ✏࡜ᰯṇๅࡶ࡜ࡶ࡟〇㛵㐃ࡉࡏ࡚⪃࠼ࢀࡤࠊ⮬ᅜᩥ໬ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡲࡓࡑᮏࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࠊࣂࣝࢨࢵࢡࡢࡑࡶࡑࡶࡢࡢᙳ㡪ୗ࡟࠶ࡿ⮬ศࢆᐈほⓗ࡟ㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟௻࡚⮬యࡀࠊ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡍࡿᙼࡢ⊛Ⅿ࡞ࡲ࡛ࡼࡾࠊㄒᏛ⩦ᚓ࡟ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣦ࡟ാࡁ࠿ࡅࡿࠕᖸࡢᛮ࠸ධࢀࢆ㞝ᘚ࡟≀ㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝ࣇ΅ࠖࢆ࠿࡞ࡾࡢ⛬ᗘ࡟ࡲ࡛ඞ᭹࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࣛࣥࢫࡢࡇࡢᩥ㇦ࡢሙྜࡣࠊᴟ➃࡞౛࡛ࡣ࠶ࢁࡤࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛⪃ᐹࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࠕୡ㛫ࠖ࡜࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࣂࣝࢨࢵࢡࡢఏグⓗ஦ᐇࡀ࠸࠺ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡟௦⾲ࡉࢀࡿࠕ᜝ࠖࡢឤぬࡢ⮬ᅜ♧ࡍࡈ࡜ࡃࠊᩥᏛ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀࠊ࠸࠿࡟୹⢭㎸ᩥ໬ࢆࠊⱥㄒᏛ⩦ࡢ㝿࡟ࡣࠊ୍᫬ಖ␃ࠊ࠸ࢃࡤࡵ࡚๰㐀ࡉࢀࡓࠕㄞࡳ≀࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡣᐜ᫆࡟᝿୍᫬Ჴୖࡆࡋ࡚࠾ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶࠊᏛ⩦ຠ⋡ࢆୖീࡉࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡆࡿࡓࡵࡢ୍ࡘࡢ᪉⟇࡜࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋ௨ୖࡢ౛࠿ࡽ⪃࠼࡚ࡶࠊᩥᏛ࡟ࡣࠊே㛫ࡢࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ฼Ⅼ࡟ຍ࠼ࠊⱥㄒᩥᏛ࡟ࡣࠊⱥㄒࡑ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣே⏕ࡢᮏ㉁ࢆ㠀ᖖ࡟Ὑ⦎ࡋࡓᙧ࡛ࠊࡋࡢࡶࡢ࡬ࡢ▱㆑࣭⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿࠊࡲࡓసရ㸦ෆ࠿ࡶᏛ⩦⪅ࢆᴦࡋࡲࡏ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⮬↛࡟ᩍ࠼ࠊᑟᐜࠊࢸ࣮࣐ࠊᩥ❶⾲⌧ࠊࣟࢪࢵࢡࡢᵓᡂࠊ࠶ࡿࡃࡼ࠺࡞せ⣲ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡣ☜࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋ≉࡟ࠕ࢟

࠸ࡣ㏫࡟ࠊពᅗⓗ㠀ࣟࢪࢵࢡ➼㸧ࢆࠊᩥᏛࡑࡢࣕࣀࣥࠖ㸦Canon㸸ṇ඾㸧࡜⛠ࡉࢀࡿᩥᏛసရࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚㚷㈹ࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆ㣴࠺ࠊ࡞࡝ࡢ฼Ⅼࡀ࡟ࡣࠊ᫬ࡢヨ⦎ࢆ⤒࡚⌧௦࡟ࡲ࡛⏕ࡁṧࡗࡓ┿ᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡶࡗ࡜ࡶὀ┠ࡍ࡭ࡁⅬࡣࠊṇࡢ▱ᜨࡢྵ⵳ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᑗ᮶ࢆ࡟࡞࠺㟷ᖺࡓࡕࠕᩥᏛࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀᮏ᮶ⓗ࡟ࠕᴦࡋࡲࡏࠊᩍ

ࡢ Readingᩍᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡇࢀ࡯࡝⌮᝿ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢㄞࡳ≀ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㉳※ࢆࡶࡘ࡜ࡇࢁࢆࠊ㢳ࡳࡎ࡟࠾ࡃࡇ࡜ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟ᝰࡋ࠸ࠋࡑ࠺࡟࠶ࡿࠋᩥᏛࡣࠊㄞ⪅ࢆចࡁࡘࡅㄞࡲࢀࡿࡓࡵࡋࡓࠕㄞࡳ≀ࠖࢆࡴࡊࡴࡊᨺᨈࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊ࣋ࢵ࡟ࠊࢸ࣮࣐ࠊࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜࠊࣉࣟࢵࢺࠊࣞࢺࣜࢵࢻࡢࢧ࢖ࢬ࡟ྜࢃࡏ࡚⫥ࢆษࡾཤࡿហ࡟ࡶఝ࡚ࢡ➼ࠊస⪅ࡢ᝟⇕࡜ࡓࡺࡲࡠດຊࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᕤኵ࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢሙྜࠊᙜ↛࡞ࡀࡽࠕ⫥ࠖࡀࠕᩥᏛࠖ࡟ᕤኵࢆ㔜ࡡ☻ࡁୖࡆࡓᢏ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᏶ᡂࡉࢀࡓ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠕ࣋ࢵࢻࠖࡀࠕᏛ⩦⪅ࡢⱥㄒ⬟ⱁ⾡సရ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡣᙜ↛࡞ࡀࡽࠊຊ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎࠕㄞࡳ≀ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ேࠎ࡟౪ࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ࡟๰㐀ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿⅬࢆぢ㏨ࡋ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ

“Graded Reader” (GR)ࡢά⏝సᐙࡓࡕࡀࠊ࠸࠿࡟ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࠕㄞࡳ≀ࠖ࡟ᚰ⾑ࢆὀ࠸࡛ࡁࡓ࠿ࢆ♧ࡍ୍౛ࢆᣲࡆࡼ࠺ࠋࣇࣛࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⌮᝿ⓗ࡞ㄞࡳ≀࡟ࡶᙅⅬࡀࣥࢫࡢᩥ㇦ࠊ࢜ࣀ࣭ࣞࢻ࣭ࣂࣝࢨࢵࢡ㸦Honoré࡞࠸ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡎཎ᭩ࡢⱥㄒࡢ㞴ࡋࡉࡀde Balzac, 㸧ࡣࠊࡑࡢ⏕ᾭ࡟  ⦅㏆࠶ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤㄒᙡ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚࠸࠼ࡤࠊ୰Ꮫ࡛ࡣ࠸㔞ࡢ⭾኱࡞㛗▷⦅ࡢᑠㄝࢆ᭩࠸ࡓࡀࠊ⤊⏕ࠊ ㄒࠊ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣ  ㄒᏛ⩦ࡍࡿࡇ࡜㔠㖹ⓗ࡟ࡣᅔ❓ࡋࡓࡲࡲ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࡞ࡐ࠿㸽࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ༞ᴗ⛬ᗘ࡛ࠊྜィ⮬ศࡢᑠㄝࡢ᥎ᩙࡢࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣ ࠊ ㄒࡢㄒᙡຊ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟ᑠࡉ࡞－6－ࠕ࣋ࢵࢻ࡛ࠖࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀ࡟ຍ࠼ࠊཎ᭩ࡣ඲ࡗࡓࡃ⊂⮬࡟ࡑࡢ≀ㄒࢆ⮬ศ࡞ࡾ࡟ Reproduce⯡ⓗ࡟ࠊㄞࡳษࡿ࡟ࡣ࠿࡞ࡾࡢ᫬㛫࡜⢭⚄ⓗᣢࡍࡿヨࡳࡶࠊࠕヰࡍࠖࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡍࡿᏛ⏕ࡢ⮬ಙஂຊࢆせࡍࡿ㛗ࡉࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓࢸ࣮࣐ࡣே㛫࡟࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚࡛ࡁࢀࡤࠊࡑࡢసရ࡟ᑐࡍᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ᫬௦タᐃ➼ࠊ⫼ᬒࡀࡿ⮬ศ࡞ࡾࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡶⓎಙ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࠊࠕヰࡍࠖ᫬௦㘒ㄗⓗ࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ┿ࡢព࿡࡛ࠕⓎ⾲ⓗᢏ⬟ࠖ࡟ࡲࡔࡀࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᙅⅬࢆ࢝ࣂ࣮ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࡛㐍Ṍࡍࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡇ࡟ࡉࡽ࡟ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓⓎ“Graded Reader” (GR) ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࠸ࢃࡺࡿከㄞࠊ⾲ࢆ⪺࠸࡚࠸ࡿഃ࠿ࡽࡢ㉁␲ᛂ⟅ࢆᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸㏿ㄞ⏝ࡢㄞࡳ≀࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊⱥㄒᏛ⩦⪅⏝࡟ᖹ᫆࡞ࡅࡤࠊᩥᏐ㏻ࡾ཮᪉ྥᛶࡢⓎಙຊ࡜࡞ࡿࠋⱥㄒ࡛෌ヰࡉࢀࡓᩍᮦ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᩍᮦ࡟

Writing ࡣ᭱ᚋ࡟ᣦᑟࡍࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠕ᭩ࡃࠖࡼࡗ࡚኱Ꮫ⏕ࡣࠊཎ᭩࡟ࡣᙜ↛ࠊຎࡿ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ࠊ⾜ⅭࡣࠊᏛ⩦⪅࡟ࡇࢀࡲ࡛௨ୖࡢ㞟୰ຊࢆせồෆᐜⓗ࡟ࡶࠊᙼࡽࡢ㸦ⱥㄒຊ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸧▱ᛶࡢࡍࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋෆᐜࡣ࠾࠾ࡴࡡ๓㏙ࡢ㧗ࡉࠊ㛵ᚰࡢ⛬ᗘ࡟ᛂࡌࡓࡶࡢࢆㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛

Speaking ࡢせ㡿࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࠕ᭩ࡃࠖሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊࡁࠊ⢭⚄ࡢ㝡෬ࡶࡣ࠿ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋᙜ↛ࠊㄽ㏙ࡢࣟࢪࢵࢡࠊᩚྜᛶ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡣ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ㄽࡌ࡚ࡁࡓⱥㄒᏛ⩦ୖࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ࠕヰࡍࠖሙྜࡼࡾࡉࡽ࡟ཝᐦࡉࢆせࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ၥ㢟࡟㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸࠼ࡤࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓከㄞ⏝ࡢᩥᏛ࡞ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕ᭩ࡃࠖࡇ࡜࡟࠾ࡅࡿㄽ⌮ࡢཝࢆᩍᮦ࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ๓㏙ࡢၥ㢟ࢆゎᾘࡍࡿྍᐦࡉࡣࠊㄽ⌮ࡢ⦡ࡾࡀẚ㍑ⓗ⦆ࡸ࠿࡞᪥ᮏㄒࢆ⬟ᛶࡢ୍➃ࡀࡳ࠼࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤୖグ࡛ㄽࡌẕㄒ࡜ࡍࡿᏛ⏕࡟ࡣⱞᡭ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࡀࠊࡓࠊእᅜㄒࢆᏛࡪ㝿ࡢ㞀ᐖ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠕ⮬ᅜᗎ 㸦 Introduction 㸧 ࠊ ᮏ ᩥ 㸦 Body 㸧 ࠊ ⤖ ㄽᩥ໬ࡢᖸ΅ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠸࠼ࡤࠊᩥᏛᩍᮦ࡛ࡣࠊConclusion㸧࡜࠸ࡗࡓ᫂ᛌ࡞ᵓ㐀ࢆࡶࡘⱥᩥ࢚ࡑࢀࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ྲྀࡾ㎸ࡳࠊ◊✲ᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢵࢭ࢖ࡢ᭩ࡁ࠿ࡓࡣࠊ࠸ࡗࡓࢇ⩦ᚓࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼

࡛ࠊࡴࡋࢁ␗ᩥ໬ẚ㍑࡟࠾ࡅࡿᕪ␗ࡢㄆ㆑ࢆᏛࡤࠊ௨ᚋࠊ࠿࡞ࡾᛂ⏝ࡀࡁࡃࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡿࠋⱥᩥ⩦⪅࡟ಁࡍࠋࡇࢀࡶࡲࡓ๓㏙ࡋࡓᩥ໬㛫ࡢࠕ㊥ࡢᵓ㐀ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ⤖ᒁࠊࠕ᭩ࡃࠖࡇ࡜㞳ࠖࡢ✚ᴟⓗά⏝ࡢ୍ࡘ࡜࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋࡔࡅ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࠕㄞࡳࠖࠊࠕ⪺ࡃࠖࠊࠕヰ ⱥㄒࡢ  ᢏ⬟࡟༶ࡋ࡚ලయⓗ࡟࠸࠼ࡤࠊከㄞࡍࠖ㝿࡟ࡶ኱࠸࡟᭷ຠ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ఱ⏝ᩍᮦࡣࡲࡎⱥㄒࡢ Listening ຊせㄳ࡟᭷ຠ࡛ࡼࡾࡶ㔜せ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡀㄽ⌮ⓗᛮ⪃࠶ࡿࠋከㄞ⏝ᩍᮦ࡟ࡣ DVD ࡸ CD ࡀࡘ࠸࡚࠸

Logical thinking 㸧 ࡸ ᢈ ุ ⓗ ᛮ ⪃  (Criticalࡿࡢ࡛ࠊDVD ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚ࡣࡌࡵ࡟࠾࠾ࡲ࠿࡞ᑟthinking)ࡢࡓࡵࡢᇶ♏ࢆࠊᏛ⩦⪅ࡢᛮ⪃ᅇ㊰ධࢆ⾜࠸ࠊෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⯆࿡ࢆႏ㉳ࡋࡓ࠶࡜ࠊ

ࡢ୰࡟ᙧᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡗ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

CD ࢆ⪺࠿ࡏ࡚ෆᐜࢆㄞࡳྲྀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᣦᑟࡍࡿࠋ

࢟ࣕࣟࣝࡣࠊ๓㏙ࡢ㸰ࡘࡢᩍᤵἲࡢే⏝ࡀ≉ḟ ࡟ Extensive reading ࡛ ࡣ ࠊ ࢫ ࢟ ࣑ ࣥ ࢢ࡟ Reading ᣦᑟ࡟ࡣ᭷⏝࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚ࠊ(Skimming) ࡛ ᴫ せ ࢆ ᥗ ࡴ ࠊ ࢫ ࢟ ࣕ ࢽ ࣥ ࢢ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

Scanning㸧࡛ࠊ≉ᐃࡢ᝟ሗࢆ᥈ࡋฟࡍ࡜࠸ࡗ

ࡓࠊࠕㄞࡳࠖ࡟࠾ࡅࡿྛࢫ࢟ࣝࢆᣦᑟࡍࡿࠋࡲ

This is the necessity to arrange for twoࡓ Speaking ࡢカ⦎࡟ࡣࠊ᭱ึࡣྛ❶ࡈ࡜ࡢࣞkinds of instructional methods to proceed inࢪ࣓ࣗࢆⱥㄒཱྀ࡛㢌Ⓨ⾲ࡉࡏࠊḟ➨࡟ᩘ❶ศࢆ

parallel.

ࡲ࡜ࡵࡿࠊḟ࡟సရࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࢆど㔝࡟ධࢀ࡚ࢫ

emphasize the careful buildup of theࣆ࣮ࢳ඲యࡢᵓᡂࡶ⪃࠼ࡿࠊ࡜࠸ࡗࡓලྜ࡟ࠊ

language material from the simple to theᏛ⩦⪅࡟୚࠼ࡿࢱࢫࢡࡢෆᐜࡢ㞴ᗘࢆୖࡆ࡚࠸

complex, presenting in early stages only theࡃ᪉ἲࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

most elementary facts and requiring theOn the one hand, we shouldstudent to master them before proceeding,ࡑࡋ࡚௙ୖࡆ࡟ࡣࠊᩍᮦࡢⱥㄒ࠿ࡽ㞳ࢀࠊࡲ

－7－

and then building up in variety andᛶࡶከᒱ࡟ࢃࡓࡿࠋ௒ᅇࡣࠊ⣬ᖜࡢ㛵ಀࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ

complexity. (101-102)⌧௦࡟࠾ࡅࡿⱥㄒᩍ⫱ࡢㄢ㢟ࡢ୺せ࡞㡯┠ࡢࡳࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓㄢ㢟࡬ࡢ୍ࡘࡢ✺◚ཱྀ࡜ ୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࢟ࣕࣟࣝࡣࠊࠕ༢⣧ࠖ࡞ࡶࡢ

ࡋ࡚“Graded Reader” (GR)ࡢά⏝ࢆᥦ᱌ࡋࡓ࠿ࡽࠕ」㞧ࠖ࡞ࡶࡢ࡬࡜ゝㄒᮦᩱࢆὀព῝ࡃ✚ࡀࠊᏛ⩦⪅࡜ᩍᖌࡢಶᛶࠊ⬟ຊࠊ┠ᶆ➼ࠊᚲせࡳୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᏛ⩦ࡢึᮇẁ㝵࡟ࡸ≧ἣ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚᪂ࡓ࡞✺◚ཱྀࡣࠊ௚࡟ࡶࡉࡲࡊ

࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᏛ⏕࡟ࡣࡶࡗ࡜ࡶึṌⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡔࡅ

ࡲ࡞ᙧ࡛࠸ࡃࡽ࡛ࡶⓎぢྍ⬟࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋྰࠊࡴ

ࢆ୚࠼ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡀ༑ศᾘ໬࡛ࡁࡓࡇࢁࢆぢィࡽࡋࢁࡑࢀࡣࠕ๰㐀ྍ⬟ࠖ࡜࠸࠺࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ

ࡗ࡚ࠊࠕከᵝࠖ࠿ࡘࠕ」㞧ࠖ࡞ࡶࡢ࡬࡜ᵓ⠏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢ㔜せᛶࢆ㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡲࡉ࡟ࡑ

ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ࢀࡀᩍᤵἲࡢᇶᮏ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ⌧௦࡛ࡶኚࢃ

>@Carroll, John B. Lectures on Englishࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ

Language Testing and Teaching.㸦࢟ࣕࣟࣝࠊ㹈㹀኱㜰ⱥㄒᩍ⫱Ꮫ఍ヂὀ⤖ࡧࠗⱥㄒࡢホ౯࡜ᩍᤵ࠘኱ಟ㤋᭩ᗑࠊ ᖺ >@ᓊ⏣ᅧኈࠗ᪥ᮏே࡜ࡣ࠘ࠊᒾἼ᭩ᗑࠊ ᪥ᮏࡢᑗ᮶ࢆᢸ࠸ࠊୡ⏺࡟㣕ࡧ❧࡜࠺࡜ࡋ࡚ᖺࠋ࠸ࡿⱝ࠸Ꮫ⩦⪅࡟ࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢ⩼࡜࡞ࡿࠊࢫ࢟

>@ⓑ஭ᜤᘯࠗእᅜㄒᏛ⩦ࡢ⛉Ꮫ̿➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓࣝࠊⱥㄒࢆ⩦ᚓࡉࡏࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᩍᖌࡢ௙஦ࡣỴࡋㄽ࡜ࡣఱ࠿࠘ࠊᒾἼ᭩ᗑࠊ ᖺࠋ࡚⏕᫆ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡟ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡜>@㧗᲍ⰾ㑻ࠗ㸺ࢹ࣮ࢱ㸼࡛ㄞࡴⱥㄒᩍ⫱ࡢᖖⱥㄒ࡜࠸࠺㸰ゝㄒ㛫ࡢ㊥㞳ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ୧ᩥ໬㆑࠘ࠊ◊✲♫ࠊ ᖺࠋ㛫ࡢ㊥㞳ࡶཝ࡜ࡋ࡚❧ࡕࡣࡔ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿

>@᝷㇂⨾ᬛᏊࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࠖ

ࡋࠊࡇࡢࠕ㊥㞳ࠖࡣࠊ⪃࠼ࡼ࠺࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣࠊᏛࣦࠗ࢓࢚ࣜࢸ࠘➨  ྕࠊࡌࡹࡆࡴ᭩ᡣࠊ⩦⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㞀ᐖࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊᜠᜨ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶᶵᖺࠋ⬟ࡍࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ୧⪅ࡢ㊥㞳㸦ឤ㸧ࡀ኱ࡁࡅࢀ

>@᝷㇂ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࢆᩍ࠼ࡿ̿␗ᩥ໬ẚ㍑ࡢ୍

ࡤ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝ࠊᏛ⩦⪅ࡣ❧ࡕṆࡲࡗ࡚ࠊ⮬ࡽ࡜⌧ሙ࠿ࡽ̿ࠖࠗබホ࠘ ᭶ྕࠊබホ♫ࠊ

⮬ᅜᩥ໬ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ዲࡴ࡜ዲࡲࡊࡿ࡜࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡽᖺࠋࡎࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ⮬ᅜᩥ໬࡟ໟᅖࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⮬ศ⮬>@᝷㇂ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࢆᩍ࠼ࡿ̿ゝㄒࡢᣊ᮰ࢆ㏨㌟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢀ࡚̿ࠖࠗබホ࠘ ᭶ྕࠊබホ♫ࠊ ᖺࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᏛ⩦⪅ࢆጤࡡࡽࢀࡓᩍᖌഃࡢ㈐௵ࡣ

>@᝷㇂ ࠕ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿⱥㄒᩍ⫱ࡢ⌧௦ⓗㄢ㔜࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡟ࡸࡾࡀ࠸ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋⱝ㢟ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ̿̿ⱥㄒຊࡢ⌧≧࡜ᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅ࠸Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡓࡕࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡢࡣ࠸࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶࡿㅖၥ㢟̿̿ࠖࠗᩍ⫱◊✲⣖せ࠘➨  ྕࠊ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡜ྠࡌࡔࡅࠊᩍᖌഃࡢᕤኵࡢྍ⬟⚄ᡞᾏᫍዪᏊᏛ㝔኱Ꮫࠊ ᖺࠋ－8－