WEB 音声第6章
1

不定詞を含む構文
Key Sentencesto-不定詞の意味上の主語

１

It’s pleasant to walk in the woods.

森の中を歩くのは気持ちがよい。

２

I went to the library to borrow some books.

私は本を借りるために図書館へ行った。

３

It’s natural for a baby to cry.

赤ちゃんが泣くのは自然なことだ。

４

It’s very kind of you to lend me the book.
その本を貸してくれるなんて，あなたはとても親切だ。

Key Points① to-不定詞の意味上の主語が表されない場合：一般の人々，文脈上明らかな人➡１，文の主語と一致➡２②to-不定詞の意味上の主語が表される場合：⒜ 〈for ＋（代）名詞〉➡３

I stepped aside for her to pass. （私は彼女が通れるようにわきによけた）
There is no need for you to repair it. （あなたがそれを修理する必要はない）⒝ 〈of ＋（代）名詞〉➡４ 〈of ＋（代）名詞〉について，of の前にくる形容詞は人の性質，人に対する話者の評価を表すものとなる。

clever，foolish，nice，stupid，rude など
目的語（O）が意味上の主語となる例については 5 を参照。
2

Key Sentencesto-不定詞の否定形，完了形，受動態

５

She promised never to go there again.

６

He is said to have been a pilot when he was young.

彼女は２度とそこに行かないと約束した。
彼は若いころパイロットだったと言われている。

７

She seemed to have been waiting for a long time.
彼女は長い間待っていたようだった。

８

I don’t want to be scolded.

９

There seems nothing special to be said against him.

私は叱られたくない。
彼には特に悪く言われることはないようだ。

Key Points①

to-不定詞の否定形：not，never などを to-不定詞の前に置く。➡５
I thought it was better not to let her go there alone.
（私は彼女をそこへひとりで行かせないほうがよいと思った）②

to-不定詞の完了形：〈to have ＋過去分詞〉 述語動詞の時制よりも前の時を表す。➡６，７
６＝ It is said that he was a pilot when he was young.
７＝ It seemed that she had been waiting for a long time.

③

to-不定詞の受動態：〈to be ＋過去分詞〉➡８，９
There is 〜. の構文などで，能動態でも受動態でも実際上の意味が変わらないことがある。
There is some work to do. （するべき仕事がある）
There is some work to be done. （されるべき仕事がある）

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不定詞を含む構文練習問題
1

次の英文を日本文になおしなさい。
⑴

I didn’t expect to be caught in traff ic. I’m afraid I won’t make it in time for themonthly meeting. Is it possible for you to f ill in for me?

⑵

It was careless of me to leave my smartphone on the table. I was away only for afew seconds to get my coffee, but it was gone. I will make sure never to leave itunattended.

⑶

In 2017, scientists discovered that a group of *orangutans living on Sumatra inIndonesia were a new species. There are now three recognized different species oforangutan. The *Tapanuli orangutan is thought to have been separated from theother orangutans by a volcanic eruption 75,000 years ago.

2

次の英文を読んで，あとの問いに答えなさい。

The f irst soccer rules were written at the creation of the FA, or *Football Association,
in London in 1863. Fourteen “laws of the game” were recognized by the eleven teamsin the football league at that time. Some of the rules seem a little strange now. For
example, the original *offside rule was designed not to allow attacking players to move5

ahead of the ball. ①This meant it was impossible to pass the ball forwards and teams
used to just dribble the ball towards the goal, sometimes with eight attacking players.
②In the 1860s the FA decided not to keep this strict offside rule, and modern passing

soccer began to develop.
問１

What does the underlined word ① mean? Explain in Japanese.

問２

Translate the underlined part ② into Japanese.

問３

Complete the sentence.
According to the f irst offside rule, an attacking player couldn’t pass the ballforwards because.

語句

orangutan：オランウータン

Tapanuli orangutan：タパヌリ・オランウータン

Football Association：サッカー協会

offside：オフサイド（競技で侵入禁止区域に入ってプレーすること）

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第６章
3

Key Sentences〈be動詞＋形容詞＋ to-不定詞〉

10 I’m surprised to hear the news.

その知らせを聞いて，私は驚いている。

11 You must be hungry to eat so much.

そんなに食べるとは，あなたは空腹にちがいない。

12 We are apt to waste time.

私たちは時間を浪費しがちである。

13 They were anxious to know your name.

彼らはあなたの名前を知りたがっていた。

14 He is likely to arrive in time.

おそらく彼は時間内に到着するだろう。

15 She is sure to return to me.

彼女はきっと私のところに戻ってくる。

16 His house was easy to f ind.

彼の家は簡単に見つかった。

Key Points〈be動詞＋形容詞＋ to-不定詞〉…to-不定詞が形容詞と結びついて，次のような働きをする。
①

感情の原因を表す：「〜して…，〜なので…」➡10 では，なぜ驚いたのかを不定詞句が説明。
〈be glad〔happy / pleased / sorry / surprised〕＋ to-不定詞〉「〜してうれしい〔幸せな／喜んで／残念な／驚いて〕」②

判断の根拠，理由を表す：「〜するとは…だ，〜するなんて…だ」➡11 では，なぜ空腹だと判断できるかを不定詞句が説明。
〈be lucky〔foolish / crazy / hungry〕＋ to-不定詞〉「〜するとは幸運だ〔愚かだ／どうかしている／空腹だ〕」③

特定の形容詞と結びついて連語の働きをする：⒜ 〈be anxious〔eager / able / apt / ready / willing〕＋ to-不定詞〉「〜したがる〔したがる／できる／しがちである／する用意ができている／喜んで〜する〕」➡12，13⒝ 〈be sure〔certain / likely / unlikely〕＋ to-不定詞〉「きっと〜する〔きっと〜する／〜しそうだ／〜しそうにない〕」➡14，15⒝のグループ（14, 15）
では，to 以下
（to arrive，to return）⎫⎬の動作をすると判断しているのは，話者であって文の主語
15 ＝ I am sure that she will return ... ⎭（ここでは he や she）ではない。
14 ＝ It is likely that he will arrive ...

④

形容詞を修飾しその意味を限定する：➡16 どういう点で easy だったかを，直後に to f ind を続けることによって限定している。
＝ It was easy to f ind his house.
4Key Sentences〈be動詞＋ to-不定詞〉

17 He is to study abroad next year.

彼は来年留学することになっている。

18 Not a cloud was to be seen in the sky.

空には雲ひとつ見えなかった。

19 You are to pay back the money by tomorrow.

明日までにお金を返済しなければならない。

20 If you are to succeed in business, you have to keep up with the latest news.
ビジネスで成功したいのならば，最新の情報に通じている必要がある。

21 He was never to return to his homeland.

彼は２度と祖国に戻れない運命にあった。

Key Points〈be動詞＋ to-不定詞〉：次のような意味を表すが，やや形式的である。
①予定➡17② 可能（主に否定文で使われ，to-不定詞の部分が〈be to be ＋過去分詞〉と受動態の形になることが多い）
➡18
③

義務➡19

④

意図，願望（if節の中で使われることが多い）➡20⑤

運命➡2138

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不定詞を含む構文練習問題
1

次の英文を日本文になおしなさい。⑶は下線部のみをなおしなさい。
⑴

Please open your textbooks to page 25 and start reading. You are to remain inyour seats for the entire time I am gone, and you are not to leave this classroom.

⑵

In *mixed-gender discussions, men tend to contribute more information andopinions, while women are likely to contribute more supportive talk.

⑶①Researchers believe the global population is to reach 11 billion by 2100.

This

growth is being driven by high birth rates in Africa and Asia. Larger populations put
pressure on resources, and it may be diff icult to feed and provide enough homes andenergy for the children of the future. ②If we are to solve this problem, it is necessary
to provide more education and economic power to people in countries with the5highest numbers of children being born.
①②

2

次の英文を読んで，あとの問いに答えなさい。

Frances held on to her mother’s skirt. They had been running to the shelter but
had frozen when the bombs started falling. Now it was silent. ①Not even the wind wasto be heard. Everything was quiet. Slowly the dust cleared, and Frances’ motherreleased her tight grip on her child. Despite all the bombing they were alive. But as5they turned to look around, they were greeted by a shocking sight. Their house wasgone. ②The houses of their neighbors and friends were also nowhere to be seen. Only
skeletons of buildings and some walls were standing. It looked like the end of theworld, and in a sense, for Frances, it was. They traveled over the next few days to a
distant town, and Frances was never to return to her former home or her former life.
問１

Translate the underlined parts ① and ② into Japanese.
①②

問２

Complete the sentence.
Though Frances was luckily able tothe bombing, she

notonly her own house but her life in her hometown.
語句

mixed-gender：男女混合の39

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第６章〈SVO ＋ to-不定詞〉，形容詞的用法

Key Sentences

22 I asked them to come again.

私は彼らにまた来てくださいと頼んだ。

23 He warned me to be more punctual.

彼は私にもっと時間を守れと注意した。

24 I want you to do it at once.

あなたに，すぐそれをやってもらいたい。

25 I expect him to come back before lunch.

私は彼が昼食前に戻ってくるものと思っている。

26 The doctor advised her to have a complete rest.

医者は彼女に完全休養をとることを勧めた。

27 He had a great wish to become a diplomat.

彼には外交官になるという大望があった。

528 Global warming has a lot to do with the greenhouse effect.
地球温暖化は温室効果と大いに関係がある。

29 I have nothing to do with the bribery case.

私はその汚職事件とは何の関係もない。

30 She has the courage to tell the truth.

彼女には真実を言うだけの勇気がある。

Key Points① 〈ask ＋ O ＋ to-不定詞〉：「O に〜してくれるように頼む」➡22

O が to-不定詞の意味上の主語になっている。
〈SVO ＋ to-不定詞〉の構文を作る動詞には以下のようなものがある。

tell，want ➡24，advise ➡26，believe，cause「O に〜させる」，enable「O に〜することを可能にさせる」，expect ➡25，force「O に〜することを強いる」，require「O に〜するように命ずる，要求する」，teach，warn ➡23②

形容詞的用法：to-不定詞が直前の名詞（wish）の内容を具体的に説明〈同格〉。➡27③

have を使った慣用表現：have a lot〔much〕to do with 〜「〜と大いに関係がある」➡28
have something〔little / nothing〕to do with 〜「〜と何らかの関係がある〔ほとんど関係がない／
何の関係もない〕」➡29④ 〈have the ＋抽象名詞＋ to-不定詞〉：「〜するだけの…がある，…にも〜する」➡30
6Key Sentences

独立不定詞

31 To tell the truth, I have no money on me.

実を言うと，私はお金の持ち合わせがない。

32 To begin with, let’s go over what we learned in the last class.
最初に，前回の授業で学んだことを復習しよう。

33 It got cold, and to make matters worse, the power went out.
寒くなり，そしてさらに悪いことに停電した。

34 Our cat is, so to speak, a member of the family.

私たちの猫はいわば家族の一員だ。

Key Points
独立不定詞…to-不定詞が文中のほかの要素から独立して，文全体を修飾する副詞の働きをする。ほかの語句とはコンマで区切られ，文頭，文中，文末に置かれる。
〈主な独立不定詞〉 to be more exact「もっと正確に言うと」

to make a long story short「簡単に言うと」

to say the least of it「ごく控え目に言っても」 to be sure「なるほど」
strange to say「奇妙な話だが」

needless to say「言うまでもなく」

not to say 〜「〜とは言わないまでも」to be frank（with you）「率直に言って」

to do 〜 justice「〜を公平に判断すれば」

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不定詞を含む構文練習問題
1

次の英文を日本文になおしなさい。
⑴

Police are warning tourists to be careful of dangers on the streets. Typically, aman or woman will ask a tourist to change a large bill for smaller ones. The bills
that the tourist receives are fake. Police advise visitors not to speak to strangers onthe streets.

⑵

In *Finnish kindergartens, teachers encourage children to learn through arts andcrafts in the early stages of childhood education. Strange to say, “playing” seems tohave a positive effect on “studying,” as Finland has one of the highest literacy rates
in the world.

2

次の英文を読んで，あとの問いに答えなさい。

Now one of the world’s most recognizable structures, the Eiffel Tower in Parisalmost didn’t survive past its twentieth birthday. This famous tower was completed in1889 as one of the exhibits at the *Exposition Universelle（World’s Fair）to celebrate
100 years since the French revolution. The organizers wanted something to stand in5

the center of Paris as the entrance to the fair and Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel’s design waschosen for this purpose. When it was completed, it stood almost 1,000 feet high, thetallest building in the world until the completion of New York’s Chrysler Building, morethan 40 years later. People all over the world felt the tower was an amazing thing tosee but in 1909 there was a plan to pull down the tower for scrap metal. Luckily the city

10

had the sense to see the advantage of such a structure as a *radiotelegraph antenna,and the tower was saved. As this antenna had a lot to do with listening to enemy
communications in the First World War, it seems the decision to keep Eiffel’sconstruction was a good choice for Paris and France as a whole.
問１ Translate the underlined part into Japanese.

問２

Complete the sentence.
The Eiffel Tower was able to survive because.

語句

Finnish：フィンランドのExposition Universelle：万国博覧会

radiotelegraph：無線通信

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第６章

チャレンジ
■

実践問題

Read the passages and answer the following questions.

1Rosedale Theater Club’s annual Shakespeare season has just started with one of

the most famous tragedies of all time：Romeo and Juliet.
*Sarah Jackson’s performance as Juliet is strong enough to compete with aprofessional actor, rather than a f irst-year college student. However, *James Starkey
5

as *Shylock is the real star of the show. With a piece of acting so strong as to make one
cry with anger and deep sadness at the same time, this really is a show that you should
try not to miss.
問2

Translate the underlined part into Japanese.

Building projects usually require a project manager if they are to be successful.

The main task of the project manager is to understand how to communicate to bothclients and engineers. As most clients are not familiar with engineering terminology（the language engineers use）, the project manager can help them know what to do if
5there is a problem with the design or construction of their building.
問 What can the project manager do to help clients in building projects? Explain inJapanese.

3Many people prefer to use electric toothbrushes, instead of a simple manual brush.

Dentists often recommend such devices, and patients often f ind their teeth are so clean
as to need less professional cleaning in the dental clinic.
Switching to an electric brush can take time to adjust to. The action of an electric
5

brush is strong enough to clean teeth without pressing too hard. New users need torelax and not press too hard during cleaning. Two minutes should be enough time tofully clean all teeth, with dentists recommending 30 seconds for each quarter of themouth, or 5 to 10 seconds for each tooth. Although the brushing can be achieved in two
minutes, dentists also advise users not to be in such a hurry as to forget to clean the top

10of the mouth and the tongue, in order to get the best results and the freshest breath.
If you are concerned about your teeth, it may be time to go electric!
問１

Complete the sentence.
Due to the strength of an electric brush’s action, its users should give attention not.

問２

About the underlined part, what is dentists’ advice like? Explain in Japanese.

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4

不定詞を含む構文

It is quite common to see a blind person walking with a dog to help him or her.

Guide dogs assist people with visual problems to walk with conf idence even in busy
city environments. Dogs have been used to help blind people for hundreds of years, but
the f irst actual school to train dogs was begun in Germany in 1916. At this time, a5

doctor had the idea to teach dogs to help soldiers blinded in the war. Dogs fromGermany were introduced to the United States and Britain several years later andJapan saw its f irst guide dogs in 1939. Early dogs used were German Shepherds, butthese days the most common types to become guide dogs are Labradors and GoldenRetrievers. Although there are still far fewer guide dogs in Japan than in Europe and

10

North America, the numbers will increase in the future as more and more people see
the advantage of these intelligent animal helpers.
問Summarize this passage in Japanese within 80 characters.

805Scientists have recently produced a clear picture of a bird from around 100 million

years ago. *Ichthyornis dispar was a medium-size bird with teeth, and the original
fossil was used by Darwin to show how birds evolved from dinosaurs. However, thisfossil was too damaged to give a clear picture of the bird’s whole head. After f inding
5

four more fossils, a complete picture of the skull has been produced. It is not diff icult
for us to see the image of a dinosaur in this picture, with many sharp teeth along thelength of its jaws. In addition, there is a space in the skull for large jaw muscles, justlike a dinosaur. Modern birds do not have these muscles. Yet despite the teeth, it is
only too easy to imagine this animal f lying and *swooping like a modern bird, and it is10

said to have hunted f ish by diving into the sea, just like a modern-day seagull.
問Summarize this passage in Japanese within 100 characters.

100

語句

Sarah Jackson：サラ・ジャクソン
Shylock：シャイロック

James Starkey：ジェームズ・スターキー

Ichthyornis dispar：イクチオルニス（白亜紀に北アメリカに生息していた水鳥類）

swoop：急降下する

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