Radiation in Daily-life
Radiation dose(microsievert:μSv）

250,000
50,000［～10,000μSv/year］

Space 0.39

Upper limit of radiation dose permitted forpeople who engage in emergency work.

［250,000μSv/year］
Upper limit of radiation dose permitted for radiation workers,
police , and firefighters who engage in disaster prevention.

［50,000μSv/year］
Chest CT scan

10,000

Radiation dose in
Guarapari(Brazil) per year.

［～2,400μSv/year］※Unit : μSv［6,900μSv/each time］

ingestion 0.29

Globalaverage

EarthRadon absorbed0.48

in air 1.26

Natural radiationdose per year.
Gifu

1,000

［1,000μSv/year］

Kanagawa

Maximum difference of the average ofnatural radiation dose in each prefecture.

gastrointestinal X-ray examination.

［600μSv/each time］［～400μSv/year］
An air travel between Tokyo and New York (RT).

100(Increased cosmic radiation at high altitude.)［～200μSv/round trip］［50μSv/year］

Evaluated dose of radiation from radioactive［10μSv/year］［50μSv/each time］
Chest X-ray examination.

emitted from the nuclear fuel
［22μSv/year］ substance
reprocessing plant per year.

Standard radiation dose fromClearance level.

Dose limit for public per year
(except for medical care).

10

Standard dose of radiation around a
nuclear plant (light water reactor).
(Actual result is far below the value.)(Ref) Average dose rate at the monitoring post of Tokyo (3/16 9:00～3/17 9:00, , March) : 0.054μSv/h = 474μSv/yNatural doses of radiation in Japan
Radiation from space and theearth, and Doses of radiation
received by ingestion ( thoseby the inhalation such as radonare excluded. )※Unit : mSv
1mSv=1000μSv

Less than 0.99
1.00～1.09
More than 1.10(mSV/year)
Average natural radiation dose inJapan :0.99(mSV/year)

Adapted from Radiological Sciences
Vol.32, No.4, 1989

Annual doses per person received from nature andman-made source of radiation
Average doses inthe World
Medicalexposure

Average doses inJapan
Fallout※

Total

Natural radiation※Unit : mSv
1mSv=1000μSv

Medicalexposure
Natural radiation

Total

Fallout※

Others(Nuclear plant etc)

Others (Aircraft use etc)

※Fallout : the residual radiation hazard from a nuclear experiment
Adapted from 「UNSCEAR Report 1992」 ,and 「Life environmentalradiation」 Former Science and Technology Agency ( Japan)

Effects of radioactivity to the human body
Acute disorder(erythema, acomia )Physicalimpact

Fetus developmental disorder(psychic delayed growth )Determinable
Influence(Cataract)Late-onset
Disorder(Cancer,Leukemia)
Genetic
impactprobabilistic
influence

Genetic hazard(Congenital anomaly )Adapted from 「Book to understand effects of atomic radiation」(RADIATION EFFECTS ASSOCIATION )※Unit : mSv

Acute Radiation Impact
Local Exposure

1mSv=1000μSv

Whole body exposure

regionsymptom

over10,000skin

acute ulcerbody a mortality rate of 100%

gonadskinerythemalens

cataract

permanent infertility
skinlens

body a mortality rate of 50%

hair loss

body nausea , vomiting(10% of all the person)

clouding of the lensbody decreasing of lymphocyte in the peripheral blood
Note :a) The dose limitation is 1.0mSv/year for public.
b) The dose limitation goal is 0.05mSv/year
around an atomic power plantmSv

body no clinical symptom
Reference : ICRP Pub.60, etc.

A Guideline on Control Measures Concerning Nuclear Disaster
Prevention
Indices for Evacuations

Projected Dose (Unit: mSv)
Effective dose
under external
exposures

10~50

50 or more
1)
2)
3)

• Thyroid equivalent dose byradioactive iodine• Equivalent dose of bone
surface or lung by uranium• Equivalent dose of bone
surface or lung by plutonium

100~500

500 or more

Safety measures

Run into a building or house, stay there, shut thewindows and keep air tightness.
If the nuclear facility emits neutron ray or gamma ray
directly, take shelter in a concrete building under
instructions of the disaster countermeasures office.
Take shelter in a concrete building according toinstructions of the disaster countermeasures office

The disaster countermeasures office figures out the projected dose, and instructs residents near the nuclear
facility the safety measures, based on the dose.
“Projected dose” is what someone will receive out of doors while radioactive matter or ray is emitted.
Shall take steps of safeguards for the higher level of effective dose under external exposures, if the Thyroid
equivalent dose by radioactive iodine, the Equivalent dose of bone surface or lung by uranium, and the Equivalentdose of bone surface or lung by plutonium are not in same level.
Reference: Nuclear Safety Commission of Japan,
The disaster prevention countermeasure of Nuclear Institutes (in Japanese), June 2001

Radioactivity and Radiation

TorchLight

Light Emission
Ability

the unit of luminous intensity[Candela (cd)]the unit of brightness[Lux (lx)]Radiation
Radioactive
Material

the unit of radiation dose,
expressing the biologicaleffects of radiation[Sievert (Sv)]Radiation Emission
Ability(Radioactivity)

the unit of radioactive intensity[Becquerel (Bq)]