－ 139 －－ 141 －－ 143 －Water Supply Administration for Better
Management of Water Supply Services

Inception ReportCountry: Cambodia
Organization: Siem Reap Water Supply Authority

1

Contents of Presentation
1. Outline of Siem Reap Water Supply Authority

Service (SRWSA)

2. Success Story of SRWSA

3. Recent Challenges to Improve2－ 145 －

1.Outline of Siem Reap Water Supply Authority Service
Whole Country:
Area: 181, 035 km2

Provinces: 24 Provinces & 01Capital City
Cities: 26 cities
Population : 15 million habitants
Urban Population: 3 million

Siem Reap Water Supply Authority(2016)
Service Area: Siem Reap City 472 km2(12 Sangkats)No. of HHs : 43,840
Population: 240,000

Siem Reap City

Number of Connections: 7,231

Population Served: 36,900

31.Outline of Siem Reap Water Supply Authority Service
INDICATOR

2007

2016

Goals for 2025

Production capacity m³/day

8,000

17,000100,000

Water Quality

WHO

WHO

WHO

Coverage area

14 %

35 %

90 %

Supply duration( hr/day)

24h

24h

24h

Supply pressure

3 bar

1 bar

2 bar

Number of connections

3,578

7,231

45,000NRW

17.84 %

6.73 %

6.5 %Collection rate

N/A

99.90 %

99.95 %

Staff/1000 connections

8.7

11.89

5

4

－ 146 －

2.Success Story of SRWSA

5

2.Success Story of SRWSA

6－ 147 －

3.Recent Challenges to Improve
3.1 Production Capacity
Existing; 17,000 m3/day
AFD Project; 15,000
m3/dayJICA Project; 60,000
m3/dayExisting; 17,000m3/day

Existing; 17,000 m3/day
AFD Project; 15,000 m3/day

7

3.Recent Challenges to Improve
3.2 water service coverage
Green color is service
area

Blue color is existing
service coverage8－ 148 －

－ 149 －Country report
LAO PDR

Khammouane Provincial Water Supply State Enterprise
19/9/2017

1

Content
1.

Country Profile2.

Background

3.

Water Supply Service

4.

Performance Indicators (PI)5.

Management of Water Quality

6.

Non-Revenue Water Management

7.

Accounting system of Water Supply Service in FY2016

8.

Khammouane Activity in Improvement of Water Supply

9.

Challenges to Improvement of Water Supply Services

Khammouane Provincial Water Supply State Enterprise

19/9/2017－ 151 －

2

1. Country Profile:- Khammouane Province- Area 16,315Km2- 10 Districts- Population 397,646 pp- 579 villages, 76,599 hh- 2 season : Dry and Rainy season.

VietnamThailandkhammouane

Khammouane Provincial Water Supply State Enterprise

19/9/20173

2. Background- Khammouane Water Supply State Enterpriseis 100% of government investment.
- Established in 1998, supply only Thakhek
district and now we have 4 service areas.
- Which implemented and operated thebusiness under theBusiness Law, Water
Supply Law, Labour Law, Tax Law and etc.
Our Vision:“Provide Customers with Sustained, Clean and Safe Piped Water at a Fair Price”

Our Mission: KWSSE supply safe water and water supply for 24 hours with reasonable prices, asatisfactory services and develop business be stable.

19/9/2017－ 152 －

4

3. Water Supply Service
Populatio% CoveragenCategory Category Usedof
Domestic UnDomestic Water
Water
Service
6,161
981
30,805
70
607
56
3,035
49
1,162
160
6,187
76

Villages Household Population Water meter Water meter
No `District Name In Urban In Urban

In UrbanService Service
Area
Area
1 Thakhek
35
9,067
2 Mahasay
6
2,013
3 Nongbok
41,511
4 Hinboun
101,065
5 Yommalad
91,441
6 Bualapha
7
1,004
7 Nakai
2832
8 Sebangfay
3878
9 Saybuathong 4904
10 Khounkham
8
1,844
Total
88 20,559

ServiceArea
44,315
6,195
8,155
5,858
7,040
5,098
3,605
4,758
4,692
10,027
99,743

422

59

2,168

46

8,352

1,256

42,19542

Khammouane Provincial Water Supply State Enterprise

19/9/2017

4. Performance Indicators (PI)23 Performance Indicators (PI) 2 PIs

Description of Indicatorfor Stability

Target+↓↑1 Safety
1001

Violation ratio of water quality standard

％

0

1002

Direct supply from distribution main

％

80

2001

Population served by water supply (Coverage ratio)

％

80

2002

Restricted water supply ratio

％

5

2003

Water supply pressure inadequancy ratio

％

5

2004

Hour of water interruption

hour

5

2005

NRW

％

20

2006

Aging of water treatment facilities

％

5

2007

Aging of electric and mechanical equipment

％

5

2008

Aging of main pipe％

5Billing issuance ratio％

100

No payment ratio (number)％

0

No payment ratio (amount)％0

Water supply service complains％

5

Resolved complanintation ratio％

100

Cost to water supply

kip／㎥

1,000

Unit tariff of water supply

kip／㎥

1,000

％

110

3 Sustainability

2001. Population served by water supply coverage ratio 3001
2002. Restricted water supply ratio
3002
3003
2003. Supply pressure inadequacy ratio
3004
2004. Hour of water interruption
3005
2005. Non-Revenue Water (NRW)
3006
2006. Aging of water treatment facilities
3007
2007. Aging of electric and mechanical equipment3008
2008. Aging of mains

 13 PIs for Sustainability

3001. Billing issuance ratio
3002. Nonpayment ratio (case)3003. Nonpayment ratio (money)
3004. Water supply service complaints
3005. Resolved complaints ratio
3006. Cost to water supply

Unit

2 Stability

for Safety

1001. Violation ratio of water quality standard
1002. Direct supply from distribution main 8 PIs

5

Rate of tatal returns

3009

Nuber of employee' qualifications

number/person

3010

Training time

1

hour

15

3011

Years of experience for water supply service

year/person

12

3012

Revenue on water sales per personnel

Kip/person

90,000,0003013

Transmission imput per employee㎥/person

50,000

↑
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓

Year
2016
0.00
99.52
42.00
2.46
5.30
0.10
21.61
0.00
6.38
0.00

100.00
↑
10.95
↓
23.02
↓
1.82
↓
99.19
↑
3,886
↓
3,097
↓
85.45
↑
0.82
↑
13.31
↑
7.56
↑ 77,156,860
27,311↑(Exchange rate 1uS$/8000kp)

3007. Rate of total returns
3008. Number of employees’ qualifications
3009. Training time
19/9/2017
6 services
3011. Years of experience for water supply
3012. Revenue on water sales per personnel
3013. Transmission water per employee－ 153 －

5. Management of Water Quality

In Khammouane
Management of water
Quality 5 parameters :Arsenic, Chlorine freeresidual , Turbidity, PH, Color
Khammouane Provincial Water Supply State Enterprise7

19/9/2017

6. Non-Revenue Water management
2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

Distribution m3/year 1,926,104 2,152,049 2,517,834 2,361,321 2,468,534 2,591,919 2,642,650 2,933,995 2,901,050 2,963,778 3,573,925 3,850,958
Consumption m3/year 1,506,055 1,672,492 1,921,782 1,865,304 1,859,952 1,943,858 1,954,435 2,105,442 2,187,057 2,262,374 2,840,795 3,018,579
NRW
m3/year 21.8% 22.3% 23.7% 21.0% 24.7% 25.0% 26.0% 28.2% 24.6% 23.7% 20.5% 21.6%
4,500,000

30.0%
28.2%

4,000,000
3,500,000
3,000,000

21.8% 22.3%

24.7% 25.0%

23.7%

26.0%

24.6%

25.0%

23.7%

21.0%

20.5%

21.6%
20.0%

2,500,000

15.0%
2,000,000

Consumption m3/year
NRW m3/year

1,500,000

10.0%

1,000,000
5.0%
500,000
0

Distribution m3/year2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Khammouane Provincial Water Supply State Enterprise

19/9/2017－ 154 －

0.0%

8

7. Accounting system of Water Supply Service in 2016
Item

CategoryYear2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 present

I Asset1

Domestic

0.29

0.31

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.35

2

Government, Office

0.38

0.42

0.46

0.46

0.46

0.46

3

Business

0.41

0.44

0.49

0.49

0.49

0.49

4

Hotel , Gueshouse, Factory

0.47

0.52

0.57

0.57

0.57

0.57

5

Foreigner

0.47

0.52

0.57

0.57

0.57

0.57

Amount(Us$) II Capital · Debt Amount(Us$)

1 Fixed asset I

7,888,202 1 Capital I

8,397,134

2 Lending etc. I I

233,546 2 Debt I

398,191

3 Current assets I

829,937 3 Liability I I

220,275

4 Cash IV
Total

63,9159,015,600

9,015,600

Total

Khammouane Provincial Water Supply State Enterprise

19/9/20179

8. Khammouane Activity in Improvement of Water Supply-

MaWaSu project

The Capacity Development Project for Improvement of Management Ability of Water Supply
Authorities

19/9/2017－ 155 －

10

1. Call center 24/7

2. Water leakage survey team

4. Customer Interview
at household

3. NRW team

6. Taking Over Equipment’s
waterworks.

5. Water Class Education

MaWaSu Project
Results
2012-2017
7. Waterworks Dissemination
8. Long Term Plan 2012-2020
Item

Type of Plan

I
1
2
II
3
3.1
3.2

Waterworks supplying safe water
Water quality management plan (Framework &Inspection)
Pipeline
improvement plan for reducing low-residualchlorine
areasstably supplying water
Waterworks
Facility development plan
New construction plan of WTP
New construction plan of Pipeline network
Expansion, renewal, improvement (large-scale repair)plan of WTPplan of WTP
Expansion
Expansion, renewal,plan of WTP
Improvement (large-scale repair) plan of WTP
Pump Machine large-scale repair plan
Pipeline expansion plan
Review current situation -> Analyze water distribution
amount-> Review
Minimum
Night Flow
Water pipe
information
improvement
plan
Planned water leakage inspection plan
Repair framework improvement plan
Master meter improvement plan
Water pressure management plan
Pipeline improvement plan
Aging pipe renewal plan

4
4.1
4.2
4.3
5
6
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-5
6-6
6-7
6-7-1
6-7-2
6-8
6-9
III
7
8
9
10
11

Low-water-pressure area reducing plan
Water meter improvement plan (Periodical renewal
and improvementof watermeter installation
place)
Water
meter reading
improvement
plan
Waterworks performing sound management
Human resource development plan
Staff recruitment plan
Call Center establishment and improvement plan
Customer questionnaire implementation plan
Waterworks education class implementation plan
Grand total

9. Trainings

10. Annual Report, Manual andGuidelines

Plan 2012-2020
1,378,065,600
1,378,065,600
080,691,574,714
50,093,970,000
33,998,400,000
16,095,570,000
3,871,886,457
1,888,800,000
362,169,137
1,620,917,320
15,708,200,000
11,017,518,257
523,927,500
8,660,000
955,351,000
2,700,995,929
72,919,000
172,000,000
4,314,000,000
3,714,000,000
600,000,000
2,269,664,828
0
23,598,054,350
303,363,000
22,851,331,350
296,190,000
41,920,000
105,250,000

19/9/201711

105,667,694,664

9. Challenges to Improvement of Water Supply Services


To manage Water Safety Plan .

To supply safe water to people in service area.

To expand of pipe network to urban service areaTo source funding to expand pipelines for increasing income.



To develop skill of staff .

To disseminate about waterworks to branches.

Khammouane Provincial Water Supply State Enterprise

19/9/2017－ 156 －

12

－ 157 －WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE AUTORITY OF
CITY ULAANBAATARWATER SUPPLY ADMINISTRATION FOR
BETTER MANAGEMENT

2017

COUNTRY OVERVIEWMONGOLIA

Capital
Total area
Population

Ulaanbaatar
1,566,600 km2
3 mil

Population just over 1 millon in live in
Ulanbaatar city
There are 21 aimags. Capital city
/Ulaanbaatar city/－ 159 －

COUNTRY OVERVIEW

Mongolia has 4 seasons.
These are spring, summer, autumn and winter.
Summer time temperatures up to + 40 °с
Winter is sometimes the temperature drops
down to -40°с,

ORGANIZATION INTRODUCTION
Organization:

Water Supply and Sewerage Authority of Ulaanbaatar city
The water supply and sewerage authority (USUG) of Ulaanbaatar city
was established in 1959
Functions: To provide water to city residents and organizations
 To discharge and treat domestic and pre-treated industrial wastewater To make laboratory analyze in drinking and waste water－ 160 －

Role and Responsibilities of Organization
To provide citizen of Ulaanbaatar city continuous Supply of potablewater that meets standard requirement and discharge treatedwastewater to nature with ecological balance.
Central Wastewater Treatment Plant is responsible to treat
wastewater for effluent standard condition and to keep clean
environment of the downstream of Tuul river. Current wastewater
treatment efficiency is not high and industrial pollution become
more problematic and sludge treatment also difficult, the fore
Central Government spending money for modernization andreconstruction, also most important operation and maintenance ofCWWTP for our division.

Issues and problems today•Regarding water supply•Monitoring water distribution network and improve economic andecological efficiency water infrastructure•Lining of water distribution lines and find good technology
keeping natural water quality•Water and energy nexus

Wastewater problems today•Higher pollution in raw wastewater•Lower treatment rate, not meet effluent standard of Mongolia•Over flow and over load
•Need to be modernized CWWTP•High energy use, from the aeration so on•Old technics and not good condition technics•Bad smell and need to be full treat sludge－ 161 －

Brief description of my assignments•Modernization and rehabilitation of existing
WWTP and ways of improvement•Lining and protection water networks•Learn technics and technologies to monitor
and control of pipes and distribution lines.
•I will make my contribution to solve theproblems related to the Waste water treatment
plant and sewerage system in Mongolia
Ulaanbaatar city after coming back training.

THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION－ 162 －

－ 163 －The Republic of The Union of Myanmar
Yangon City Development Committee

Water Supply Administration for Better Management of Water Supply
PROJECTS
Services (B)

20.9.2017

CONTENTS About Myanmar and Yangon City
 Organization Chart of YCDC and Engineering Department (Water and Sanitation),EDWS

 Existing Water Supply System
 Planned Water Supply System for Future Challenges and Issues of Existing Water Supply System
 Current Activities for Existing Water Supply System－ 165 －

About Myanmar and Yangon City

Myanmar
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar
Location

Latitudes bet. 9°32' and 28° 31'N
Longitudes bet. 92°10' and 101°11'E

Total area

676,552 km2

World’s 40th largest country(Second largest country in Southeast Asia)
Land wise

North to South

2060 kmWest to East

945 kmPopulation

51.5 million (2014 Census )ClimateTropical Monsoon Climate

Seasons

Summer (March to May)
Rainy season (June to Oct)
Cool season (Nov to Feb)

About Myanmar and Yangon City

YangonYangon City
Largest City of Myanmar (Former Capital City)

Location

Latitudes bet. 16°45′ and 17°N
Longitudes bet. 96° and 96°15′ E

Area794.4 km2

Population

5.21 million (2014 Census)

Pop. Growth Rate

~ 2.5 %

Max. Temperature 37.5˚C in April
Min Temperature

17.8˚C in January

Annual Rainfall

2700 mm－ 166 －

Organization Chart of YCDC and Engineering Department(Water and Sanitation),EDWS
Organization Chart of Yangon City Development Committee
Mayor(Chairman of YCDC)
Secretary
Joint Secretary
Committee Member 4

Committee Member 5

The Administration
Department

Budget & Accounts
Department

Work Inspection
Department

Co-ordination
Department

Assessors'
Department

Veterinary &Slaughter House
Department

Pollution Control &Cleansing
Department

Engineering
Department(Roads & Bridges)

Engineering
Department(Buildings)

Engineering
Department(Water & Sanitation)

Motor Transport &WorkshopDepartment

Central Stores
Department

Playgrounds, Parks& Gardens
Department

Security &Disciplinary
Department

City Planning andLand Administration
Department

Health Department

Public Relations
and Information
Department

Production
Department

Committee Office

Revenue Department Markets Department

Organization Chart of YCDC and Engineering Department(Water and Sanitation),EDWS－ 167 －

Existing Water Supply System
History of Yangon City Water Supply System

1842 Dug Wells (30)1879 Kandawgyi lake
1884 Innya lake1904 Hlawga Reservoir

GyobyuReservoir(27 MGD)

Ngamoeyeik
Reservoir

Phugyi
Reservoir(54 MGD)

1940 Gyobyu Reservoir

Ngamoeyeik
WTP(45 MGD+45
MGD)

1992 Phugyi Reservoir
2005 Nyaunghnapin Water treatment
Plant(1ST Phase)

2013

2014

Nyaunghnapin Water treatment
Plant(2nd Phase)
has been operating sinceApril,2013 .
Lagunbyin water treatment
plant has been implementing

Existing Water Supply System
Gyobyu Reservoir

27 MGD

Phugyi Reservoir

54 MGD

Hlawga Reservoir

14 MGD

Ngamoeyeik WTP (1st phase) 45 MGD
Ngamoeyeik WTP (2nd phase) 45 MGD
YCDC Tube Wells (425 nos.) 16 MGD
Total Water Supply Capacity 201 MGD
Main Water Sources

Surface water (92%)
Groundwater ( 8%)

Total Population

5,209,541
156 MGD(2014 Census data)

Served Population~ 2,050,000(2015/16 field survey data)

Demand coverageapprox. 40 %Non-revenue water

approx. 50 %－ 168 －

HlawgaReservoir

Inya Lake
30 Dug
Wells

Kandawgyi
LakePlanned Water Supply System for Future

Water Supply System for 2025

Water Supply System for 2040

(Source: JICA-YCDC Master Plan)

Planned Water Supply System for Future
Zoning System Plan for Yangon City
Zone Name of Zone
1

Zone6

Central Business District (CBD)
Inner Urban Ring (IUR)

High Zone by pump
distribution
from reservoir

Low Zone by gravity
distribution
from reservoir

Central area

Township & Township Group’s

2

Zone5

Tarmwe,Tarmwe, Thingangyun,

ThaketaThaketa3

HlaingMayangone, Yankin, Hlaing

4

Mayangone(South) Mingalardon, North
Okkalapa, (South) Insein

Zone4

5

Zone7

Zone9

Mingalardon,(Center) Mingalardon,

Shwepyithar(North) Insein, Shwepyithar

6

North side

(North) Mingalardon

7

East side 1

East Dagon, North Dagon

8

East side 2South Dagon, Dagon Seikkan

9West side

Hlaingtharyar

10

South side

Dala, Seikkyi-Khanaungto,

Pump distribution
from reservoir

Zone3

Zone8
Zone2

Zone1

Zone10(Source: JICA-YCDC Master Plan)－ 169 －

(West) Kyeemyindaing

Planned Water Supply System for Future
Future Service Level Targets in Yangon City
Target Year

Performance Indicators (PIs)

2013

2018

2020

2025

2030

2035

2040

Demand coverage (%)

35

45

50

60

65

70

80

Served population (million)

1.8

2.55

2.98

4.05

4.96

6.04

7.82

Non-revenue water (%)

66

51

46

35

26

20

15

Leakage rate (%)

50

37

33

25

18

13

10

Water consumption (gpcd)

30

30

30

35

35

35

40

Avg. Supply Pressure (bar)

0.75

-

-

> 1.5

Avg. Supply duration (hour)

8hrs.

-

-

24hrs.

Water quality

PotableDrinkable

Planned Water Supply System for Future
Served population (million)

10

Population (million)
8.63

9
7.63

8

6.75

Population (million)

7
6

5.67

5.14

7.82

5.96
6.04

5

4.96

4

4.05

3
2
1

0
2010

9.77

2.55

2.98

1.8
2015

Performance Indicators (PIs)

2020

2025

Year

2030

2035

2040

2045

Target Year
2013

2018

2020

2025

2030

2035

2040

Demand coverage (%)

35

45

50

60

65

70

80

Served population (million)

1.8

2.55

2.98

4.05

4.96

6.04

7.82

－ 170 －

Challenges and Issues of Existing Water Supply System
Current Issues• Aged Transmission Pipe line

Frequent Pipe Break, Higher Leakage,• Complex Distribution Without Zoning System
Unstable Water Pressure, Intermittence water Supply,• Higher NRW Rate
FOC connection , Damaged Meter, Spaghetti Service
Pipe, Theft,• Water Shortage at outskirt areas of Yangon

Frequent Pipe Breakin Transmission line

Aged Transmission andDistribution Pipe

Damaged Water Meter

Spaghetti Pipe

13

Water Supply By Water Boxer

Challenges and Issues of Existing Water Supply System

Water Shortage occur at outskirt area of
Yangon especially on the other bank of
Yangon river and Hlaing river in Summer
Water Boxer Truck , Boat and Navy ship
are used for drinking water supply

Water Supply By Boat

Water Supply By Water Boxer

Water Supply By Motor Boat

－ 171 －

14

Challenges and Issues of Existing Water Supply System

By using water carrying boats by Navy

Waiting for drinking water sharing from boats

By using water tanker

Managing to share water from tankers

Current Activities for Existing Water Supply System

 Management on spaghetti Pipe Line cleansing and reinstallation

 Damaged meter Replacement and New meter installation
 Transmission Pipe Line Repair
 Initiation of Laboratory for Drinking Water quality testing Initiation of Laboratory for Waste Water quality testing New pipe line network installation
 Technical Assistant for International Cooperation－ 172 －

MANAGEMENT ON SPAGHETTIPIPE LINE CLEANING AND REINSTALLATION－ 173 －DAMAGED METER REPLACEMENT AND NEW METER NSTALLATION

TRANSMISSION PIPE BURST REPAIREMENT
1

3
2

4
9
7

6

5

8

20

－ 174 －

INITIATION OF LABORATORY FOR DRINKING WAER QUALITY TESTING

INTIATION OF LABORATORY FOR WASTE WATER QUALITY TESTING－ 175 －

NEW WATER SUPPLY INSTALLATION PROJECT (Shwepyithar Township)

Water Treatment
Plant(Nyaunghnapin)40"Ø HDPE pipe (11)miles
Proposed service
reservoir

Proposed service
reservoir

32"Ø HDPE pipe (1.13)miles

24"Ø HDPE pipe (3.4)miles

Project Area32"Ø HDPE pipe (4.32)miles

32"Ø HDPE pipe (2.25)miles

Technical Assistant for International Cooperation－ 176 －

20"Ø HDPE pipe (1.9)miles23

－ 177 －Water Supply Administration for Better
Management of Water Supply Services
Inception Report Presentation

1. Country: Nepal
2. Position : Under Secretary
3. Organization: Ministry of
Water Supply andSanitation

outline of Water Supply Sevices•

land area of 147,181 sq.

•

75 districts, 753 local bodies and 7 provinces•

Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS) was formally establishedin 1972. It is the formal step towards organized institutional effort to achieve
higher level of water and sanitation access.

•

DWSS is carrying on its responsibility of planning, implementation, operation,
repair and maintenance of water supply and sanitation systems throughout
the country.

•

Besides DWSS, various other agencies like Melamchi Water supply Project,
Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Fund Development Board, Kathmandu
Valley Water Supply Management Board, Project Implementation Directorate,
Kathmandu Uppatyaka KhanepanI Limited, Nepal Water Supply Corporation
also came into existence on the due course of time.

－ 179 －

outline of Water Supply Sevices
contd….
Major Water Utility Operators In Nepal• Users Communities mostly in Rural Areas and some ofthe emerging small towns as well
• Kathmandu Uppatyaka KhanepanI Limited for
Kathmandu valley• Nepal Water Supply Corporation in 23 cities throughout
the country except Kathmandu valley

outline of Water Supply Sevices
contd….
Main Utility Regulators• Ministry of Water Supply and Sanitation• Department of Water Supply and Sewerage• Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Fund
Development Board－ 180 －

Outline of Water Supply Sevices
contd….
Legal Basis of Water Supply Services
WASH Sector is governed by some guiding policies,
rules and regulations. The major governing policies
are:
•
•
•
•
•

National Water Plan, 2005
National Drinking Water Quality Standards, 2063
Rural Water Supply Policy, 2004
Water Resource Act, 1992
Water Tax Act, 2023

Outline of Water Supply Sevices
contd….
Recent Policy Intervention
•
•
•
•
•
•

Reaching the unreached FirstOne House One Tap & One toilet
Total Sanitation in ODF Declared Areas
Water Safety Plan in each local level is in progress
Preparation of Umbrella Act is in progress
Sector Development Plan for fifteen years (2016-2030) is in
final stage－ 181 －

Outline of Water Supply Services
contd….
Program Wise Intervention
•
•
•
•
•

•
•
•

WASH programs and activities to be carried out by all three tires ofgovernments
Emphasis on co-investment Projects, Small emerging town projects
Sustainability and functionality of existing projects
Climate change and disaster resilient WASH Structures Development
Water quality improvement and arsenic contamination free water supply
in the Terai region
Emphasis given on water sources conservation and River Health
East West Trunk line development and development of impounding
projects
Phase I of National Pride Melamchi water supply project which aims at
supplying (27.5 KM Tunnel- one of the rarest projects in Asia Continent) is
in final stage of completion and Phase II is in progress

Achievement Made so far
Current Status of Water Supply and sanitation in
Nepal
S.N.

Main Performance Indicator

Achievement By
2017

Broad Sectoral
Objective by 2017

Gap

1.

Access to Basic Water
Supply Services

87 %

100 %

13 %

2.

Access to Basic Sanitation
Facilities

92 %

100 %

8%

3.

Access to Medium/ Highlevel Water services

18%

27 %

9%

－ 182 －

Achievement Made so far contd….
• More than 40,000 water supply projects are providing watersupply services throughout the country• More than 5500 projects throughout the country are in
progress• About 70 co – investment projects, 47 ADB Funded emerging
small town projects are under construction phase

Achievement Made so far contd….
• National Pride Melamchi Water Supply Project- Phase I is
expected to be completed by December this year. ( Initially
JICA provided Rs 5 billion grant for the project )• Integrated water Supply and sewerage projects are in
implementation phase through out the country• Water Safety Plan for all local bodies are under preparation
phase in the technical assistance of JICA

－ 183 －

Achievement Made so far contd….
• Rs. 5 billion worth JICA technical assistance ship project toimprove water supply situation in Most Beautiful City of
Nepal- Pokhara is in progress.

• It is excepted that water supply situation of Pokhara city will
improve remarkably after the completion of this project.

Achievement Made so far contd….
• Beside this, Bhairahawa Water Supply Project and Nepalgunj Water
supply project are in hand under Nepal Water supply Corporation.
•

Integrated Dharan Water Supply Project, Biratnagar Water Supply
Project, Bhairahawa Water Supply Project and Dhangadi watersupply project under the ministry of Urban Development ( motherorganization of MoWSS) are major urban projects among others.

• These are some of the key urban water supply projects which will
improve the urban area water supply situation remarkably in thenext five years.

－ 184 －

Achievement Made so far contd….
• Till the date 2552 village development committees, 137
municipalities, 41 districts and 2 zones in Nepal have been
declared ODF areas.
• Many other similar units are waiting to be declared ODF
areas. (Now the declation ceremony has been postponed due
to multiple layer election in the country)• Nepal is in the preparation of declaring ODF Free country by
the December this year.
• Feeling pride to share
Sanitation Movement in Nepal isremarkable achievement in south Asian comparison.

Achievement Made so far contd….
• Total Sanitation Program have been launched simultaneously
in ODF Declared areas.
• And, water sources protection and river health programs arein state priorities.
• Rain water harvesting, water recharge, refill and reuseprojects( though small in number), multiple stage water
pumping/lifting projects are the some of the exemplary
projects in the country.

－ 185 －

Recent challenges to improve theservice level• only fifteen percent of total population has access toMedium/High quality drinking water facilities. Maintaining &fostering drinking water quality is the central issue these days.
WASH sector is facing mounting challenges regarding quality
issue. Some of them are• The WASH sector in Nepal has confronted challenges atconceptual, methodological and operational levels regarding
quality.

Recent challenges to improve theservice level• At Conceptual level segregation of quality assurance
level from basic, medium and High level is not been
done yet. Quality Assurance is in blanket approach is
not effective anywhere. It crops up a genuine question
on quality assurance.
• Project Bank of potential projects based on national
priorities and other relevant indicators is a must.
Formulation of action plan and coining the action
points supported by other prerequisites is necessary
for achieving national goal.

－ 186 －

Recent challenges to improve theservice level• Availability and easy access to quality assurance tools , water
quality labs at local level, adequate and dedicated water
quality staffs, water quality section in field level as well arenecessary to carry on quality assurance activities effectively
which are ambiguous at present.
• The engagement of private sector agencies, research
institutions and universities is inadequate in the WASH
sector's Quality assurance.

Recent challenges to improve theservice level• Engagement of intra-sectoral experts and resource persons islacking in the WASH sector.
• The sub-national level WASH coordination committees andlocal bodies are largely engaged in ODF and total sanitation
initiatives but they lack motivation and capacity to address
Quality water supply, FSM, climate change and disaster
related aspects.
• The WASH sector visibly lacks efforts towards research anddevelopment on Quality assurance aspects.

－ 187 －

Recent challenges to improve theservice level• The WASH sector lacks the Quality management information
system at sectoral level.
• Dual water supply modalities; one for free and another forwater bill payable are creating sense of discrimination among
the people and some of them are subject to involved in thewater bill lessening and sometimes hiding activities.

• Old and defunct Water Supply System (about twenty percent
of past constructed projects)• Poor Institutional capacity and state commitment incontrolling NRW.

Recent challenges to improve theservice level• Meeting the national targets of ensuring basic sanitation
facilities for all by 2017 and basic water supply facilities by
2019.
• Meeting the Sustainable Development Goal no 6 in Nepalese
Context.
• Establishment of strategic units (research and development,
training, quality control and networking) for the specializationand diversification of its services.

－ 188 －

－ 189 －Country:
Pakistan
Position:
Chief of Section
Organization :Planning & Development
Department, Governmentof Balochistan, Pakistan

 Area:33rd-largest country spanning881,913 square kilometers(340,509 square miles)

 Population:

207.77 million (2017)

 Population using safe water:

Out of total population 91% has
access to an Improved Water
Source, although this does notnecessarily mean thatthewater from these sources issafe to drink.
－ 191 －

 Climate:

There are four distinct
seasons: a cool, dry winter from
December through February; a hot, dry
spring from March through May; thesummer rainy season, or southwest
monsoon period, from June throughSeptember;andtheretreating
monsoon period of
October andNovember. Rainfall varies greatly fromyear to year, and patterns of alternate
flooding and drought are common－ 192 －

In Balochistan, the main source of water for
agriculture, Livestock and domestic use israinfall and ground water. The rainfall isunevenly distributed with high degree ofvariation and the choice mostly left is to use
ground-water resources.
Tube well6－ 193 －

 Area:

347,190 (sq. km)(about 44% of Pakistan) Population:

12.34 million (2017)

 Population using safe water:

Out of total population
72% has access to an
Improved Water Source.

 Climate:
The climate of theupperhighlands is characterized byvery cold winters and warm summers.
Averageannualprecipitationin
Balochistan varies from 2 to 20 inches(50 to 500 mm). Maximum precipitation
falls in the northeastern areas withannual average rain fall ranging from 8
to 20 inches (200 to 500 mm).

－ 194 －

 Responsibility:

the planning & Development Department
aims for better Planning and Monitoring of
feasibleandsustainableprojects
includingtoexpandwater
supplyresources in reach of every individual of
Balochistan through the Public HealthEngineering Department and Water &Sanitation Authority－ 195 －

 thegovernment is installing water
filtration / reverse osmoses plants forsafe and hygienic water throughout theprovince and more than 500 filtration
plants have been installed throughout
the province to ensure supply of safe
drinking water to the population of
Balochistan.
 for the same purpose Water quality labs
are also established in most of theareas.
 More than 1200 water supply schemes
are functional throughout the province.

－ 196 －

 450 small dams have been constructed in

Balochistan while about 200 small andmedium dams are under construction toincrease the water table of Balochistan.
 “Mangi
Dam
Project”
isunderconstruction while feasibility study will besoon completed for “Babar Kach Dam”
from where water will be supplied to
Quetta, the capital city Balochistan.
Hopefully after completion of these twodams the water problem of Quetta city
will be solved.

 Due

to increasing population, low
rainfall and the prevailing drought has
affected the groundwater reservoirs
drastically causing a situation ofgroundwater mining and disturbing theequilibrium between the recharge anddischarge. The over exploitation of thisvital source has become a threat to theprovince. The groundwater is depleting
every year, in some places even with
one meter per year.

－ 197 －

The influx of Afghan Refugees
increased the water demand.

－ 198 －hasalso Wateris being distributed in thelocalities
withoutanyscientifictechnique, the non replacement ofcorroded pipes has caused further
shortage and rust pipes have caused
health problem for vast majority of the
inhabitants as receiving contaminatedwater for drinking because of the
failure in the system.

－ 199 －



Balochistan has about 771 kms long coastline
and Gwadar, the port city’s Considered to be
the backbone of the China-Pakistan Economic
Corridor (CPEC), has been in the grip of a watercrisis over the last several years. The major
source of water in Gwadar is rainwater,collected and stored in the Akra Kaur dam
which is not enough to serve the needs of thecurrent population of the district. Sometimes,
due to long drought spells, the reservoir dries
up. There is no other source of drinking water
for the general people than the Akra Kaur dam.
Therefore in port city huge investment isrequired for more dams to harvest rain waterand installation of desalination plants.

－ 200 －

For availability of water Balochistan requires
construction of more dams and reservoirs
along with desalination plants in coastal
areas.
 Rusted and corrode pipelines need to be
replaced to minimize waste of water.
 There should be a proper and permanent
Directorate within the Irrigation Department
to monitor the underground water level andquality.
 Mass awareness campaign should be madethrough electronic and print media forcontrolling waste of water in households.
－ 201 －

－ 203 －Water Supply Administration for Better
Management of Water Supply Services
Inception Report Presentation

1. Country:
2. Position:
3. Company:

Perú
Water Supply andSanitation Specialist
SEDAPAL

1. Outline of Water Supply Services of your Organization
 SEDAPAL S.A. (Servicio de Agua Potable y Alcantarillado

de Lima) is a Peruvian state-owned water utility providing
water and sewerage services to Lima and Callao. The
company's water network system comprises 19 regulated
lake schemes, 03 dams, 03 potable water treatment plants(La Atarjea, Chillón and Huachipa), in addition to 367
underground wells. Its water distribution network spans
14,115 km and supplies drinking water for 1.5 million water
connections. WTP La Atarjea (main) was built in 1956.
Whole Country:
Area:

Population :1 285 216 km2

31 488 625 inhabitants

Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services :85.7 %Your Water Supply System/City:

Service Area :2 672 km2

Population Served:

9.3 million inhabitants
2－ 205 －

367 pozos

367 pozos－ 206 －Urban and service area development

1. Outline of Water Supply Services of your Organization
INDICATORS

2007

2017

Goals for2025

Staff/1,000 connections

1.86

1.68

1.79

Production capacity

1,783,014

1,958,082

2,094,205

Water quality

WHO
Guidelines

WHO
Guidelines

WHO
Guidelines

Coverage area

90.7%

93.5%

100%

Supply duration(hr/day)

21.23

21.7

24

Supply pressure

0.96 bar

2.3 bar

2.5 bars

Number of connections

1,194,879

1,473,743

1,685,880

NRW

36.99%

27.5%

25% (2020)
20% (2025)

Staff number

2,217

2,464

2,635

(m3/day)6－ 207 －

2. Success Story of your Water Supply Services


SEDAPAL - The Drinking Water and Sewerage Service forLima, is a regulated natural monopoly that provides a serviceof first necessity to the population of Lima and Callao.



SEDAPAL is the single water utility authorized to operate in the
territory of Lima and Callao, which holds 30% of the national
population.



SEDAPAL is supported by the Peruvian Government (its soleand main shareholder) given the strategic importance of thewater sector and specific national policies.



SEDAPAL has good operational performance, improvement inindicators, adequate access to internal and external funding
sources under flexible and competitive conditions.



PPP is always welcome in SEDAPAL. Already four (04) privatecompanies operating infrastructure for SEDAPAL
7

3. Recent Challenges to Improvement of Water Supply
ServicesNeed for investments in storage, treatment of surface andresidual water, to meet the demand of the growing populationof Lima and Callao.

The explicit aim of the Government to achieve 100% water
coverage for Lima and Callao.

Growing interest of the Private Sector in investing in sanitation
works.



Extension of the scope of operation of SEDAPAL (undergeographical connectivity), by request and terms of the MVCS.

Gain more support of the MVCS in financing projects aiming
coverage expansion for the water service and sewerage
services.
8－ 208 －

Water Supply Administration for Better
Management of Water Supply Services

1. Country:
2. Position:

PerúSpecial Projects Engineer

3. Company: SEDAPAL
1

1. Outline of Water Supply Services of your Organization


SEDAPAL S.A. (Servicio de Agua Potable y Alcantarillado deLima) is a enterprise which provides water supply and sewerage
to Lima and Callao. The system of water is supplied for 03 water
treatment plants. It has 367 underground wells.

My Country PeruArea:

1 285 216 km2

Population:

31 488 625 of people

85.7 % of population have drinking water services
Water Supply System of Lima:
Service Area :2 672 km2

Population

Served:

9.3 million of people2－ 209 －

1. Outline of Water Supply Services of your Organization
INDICATORS

2007

2017

Goals for 2025

Staff/1,000 connections

1.86

1.68

N.A.

Production capacity(m3/day)

1,783,014

1,958,082

N.A.

Water quality

WHO
Guidelines

WHO
Guidelines

WHO
Guidelines

Coverage area

90.7%

93.5%

100%

Supply duration (hr/day)

21.23

21.7

24

Supply pressure

0.96 bar

2.3 bar

2.5 barNumber of connections

1,194,879

1,473,743

1,685,880

NRW

36.99%

27.5%

25% (2020)20% ? (2025)

Collection ratio

N.A.

N.A.

N.A.

Staff number

2,217

2,464

N.A.

3

2. Success Story of Water Supply Services


SEDAPAL is supported by the Peruvian Government (its soleand main shareholder) which is given the strategic importanceof the water sector and specific national policies.



During the last 10 years, SEDAPAL has gotten decreased
values of NRW from 37 to 27,5%.



SEDAPAL is using method of desalinization of sea water as atreatment of drinking water for south part of Lima, for watersuply to districts located near to the sea.

4

－ 210 －

2. Success Story of Water Supply Services
We have two control centers: The SCADA for primary system automation (diameter >14“).
 The SCADA for plant automation.
It permits a supervision and remote operation through a radioor optical fiber

5

2. Success Story of Water Supply Services•

For rehabilitation SEDAPAL is using pipe bursting method (without
trench) for installing pipe in north part of Lima. 40 Years of age ofpipelines•

SEDAPAL is installing polyethylene material pipes to reduce therisk of displacement and collapse due to earthquake events

6－ 211 －

2. Success Story of Water Supply Services
Movil Laboratories for Leakage Deteccion

Within its Control and Loss Reduction Program, together with the
installation of home meters, SEDAPAL performs tasks to detectleaks in the distribution networks.
Each mobile laboratory is equipped with a high-sensitivity correlator.
They also have implements such as point leak detectors,
geophones, piping detectors, metal detectors.

7

2. Success Story of Water Supply Services
Inspection of wells by CCTV (Video)
Since 1995, SEDAPAL is using a modern system of inspection of wells(CCTV), which consists that allows visual inspections of water wells, drill
holes and monitoring wells up to 300 m deep, with diameters of 4 to 18
inches.

－ 212 －

3. Recent Challenges to Improvement of Water Supply
ServicesThe explicit aim of the Government to achieve 100% water
coverage for Lima and Callao.



Having 100% of installation of home meters .

Gain more support of the MVCS in financing projects aiming
coverage expansion and rehabilitation of the water supply.
Reduction of Non-Revenue Water in 2,5 percentage points
from 2017 to 2020.

9

3. Recent Challenges to Improvement of Water Supply
ServicesHaving a adequate planification for building houses in lands
approved by City Hall.

10－ 213 －

－ 215 －COUNTRYNAMEPOSITION: REPUBLIC DEMOCRATIC OF TIMOR LESTE: RUI: Chief Devision Water production

ORGANIZATION : National Directorate of Water Suppply Timor Leste

Ministry of Public Works, Transportation andTelecommunication Timor Leste
2017

COUNTRY: REPUBLIC DEMOCRATIC OF TIMOR LESTEPOSITION: Chief of Water Production

ORGANIZATION : National Directorate of Water Suppply Timor Leste

Ministry of Public Works, Transportation andTelecommunication Timor Leste2017－ 217 －

Timor Leste Coutry Reports

The country total area of 14,874 km²
The total of population of 1.2 million people (in 2015)
Republica Democratica de Timor-Leste ( RDTL )Nationality: Timorese.
Religion: Catholic 96 %.
Languages: Portuguese, Tetum (official); English, Bahasa
Indonesia (working languages).
Capital City: Dili Country , Calling Code: +670
Government: Type: Parliamentary democracy.
Independence: 28 November 1975 (from Portugal).
Restoration of independence: 20 May 2002. (fromIndonesia)
Constitution: March 2002.
Natural resources: Gold, petroleum, natural gas,manganese, marble.
Agriculture products: Coffee, rice, corn, cassava, sweet
potatoes, soybeans, cabbage, mangoes, bananas,
vanilla.
Timor-Leste/Population 1.241 million (2015)

Outline of Presentation
I. Outline of Water Supply Services of your Organization• Government and Subsector governance Role
• Structure of Organisations DNSA
• Donor Environment• Overview Water Supply Service (DNSA) Timor Leste
II. Success Story of Water Supply Services Timor Leste• Water Supply Service Delivery• 4 Water treatment Plant Capacity to be treated• CYCLES OF MANAGEMENT AND MAINTENANCE• Monthly Total capacity• Global Versus National Priority
III. Recent Challenges to Improvement of Water supply Services• Future Challenge－ 218 －

I. Outline of Water Supply Services of your Organization
Government and Subsector governance RoleThe DNSA was established in 2002 by the government after East Timor received a full
administrative system by the UN transition, at which time water supply was a very vital issue
throughout Timor-Leste because the shortage of clean water was felt everywhere. The
National Directorate for Water and Sanitation (DNSAS) and the National Directorate for Water
Resource Management (DNGRA) and Directorate National Basic of Sanitations (DNSB) are thekey technical agencies responsible for water supply and sanitation
Urban
water andsanitations

Rural
Water and
Sanitations

Water
ResourcesandClimatechange(MOPTC) oversees water supply and sanitation in urban areas with operational responsibility lying with
the Directorate for Water and Sanitation (DNSAS). The 2004 Water Services Decree gives DNSAS
responsibility for the provision and maintenance of water supply services in urban areas including Diliand capital towns in Timor‐Leste’s 12 other districts.
As with urban water and sanitation, MOPTC is the lead agency for the rural subsector through the
Directorate for Water and Sanitation (DNSAS), with a key role in sanitation and hygiene promotion played by
the Ministry of Health. A Rural Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (RWASH) Strategy for 2008‐2011 wasdeveloped through a Consultative process, describing principles that sectorial programs: align withgovernment policy and Customary law; promote gender and social equity; are supported by an integrated
and enhanced government, civil society and private sector; and maintain a balance with environmental andnatural resource management

Water Resources Policy for Timor‐Leste has been final drafted . Information about the availability and statusof freshwater sources in Timor‐Leste is currently being collated, and the National Directorate for Water
Resources Management is being established.

Structure of Organisations DNSA

－ 219 －

Overview Water Supply Service (DNSA) Timor Leste
Timor-Leste is on track in achieving the Millennium Development Goal (MDG-SDG 6 ) target forsafe drinking water by 2015 with total increase in access to safe drinking water from 62 percent of the total population to 69 per cent from 2005 to 2010 (55%-60% for rural water; 80%91% for urban water). Timor-Leste Strategic Development Plan 2011 – 2020
The Government Priorities for Water Supply and Sanitations that already done: Upgrade Water Supply in Dili, Because of increase Populations in need of clean water.
 Establish of Rural Water supply in 12 District of Timor Leste
 Maintenance of uneducated of system in 12 District because the system that we have’s
Indonesia time.
 Improve Water Resources sector items of Quality and Quantity
 Works closely and Train the local people to manage their own water and their facilities
GMF Establish Water data Base; SIBS by DNSA, SIJDRI by DNGRA
The water supply sources of surface water intakes for Dili are at Bemos, Bemori, Maloa,
Nahaek, Lakolo, Mutudare and Benamauk in the Guguleu-Milimanu mountain range on thesouth of Dili. The surface water sources are run-of-river and supply water under gravity to thefour treatment plants, except the Maloa source. There are 25 groundwater supply bores within

the Dili Aquifer making up about half of the Dili water supply

II. Success Story of Water Supply Services Timor Leste
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE WITHIN A ‘SERVICE DELIVERY APPROACH
DNSA considers O&M within the broader conceptof a service delivery approach. The reason for thisis that O&M is interconnected with other areas,such as the existing institutional framework,
management, accountability, technical quality,
social dynamics, financial management, humanresources and skills in the sector. To consider O&M
as a solely technical function and in isolation ofthese would risk proposing unrealistic solutions.
This is in line with international thinking and recent
literature that advocates a focus on a ‘service
delivery approach’ (Lockwood and Smits, 2011).
This approach considers the system as a whole, andO&M as one function in this whole (see Figure 1)－ 220 －

Water Supply Service Delivery
A service delivery approach recognises three discrete levels: (i) the national orstate level enabling environment (ii) service authority functions, often carried out
by local government or devolved levels of national agencies; (iii) service provider,
who performs the day-to-day management of a water system (see Figure 2).

CYCLES OF MANAGEMENT AND MAINTENANCE
The operation and maintenance is part of a wider system of management andservice provision to an expected service level. In many cases in Timor-Leste, systems
are caught in a vicious cycle, and the challenge is to shift this dynamic to a virtuous
cycle of sustainable service provision.

－ 221 －

4 Water treatment Plant Capacity in Dili
Capacitytreatment
m3/SecCapacitytreatment
l/s

Head

System 4.584

System 0.0764

system 76 l/s

H = 239 mm

System 83.34

System 1.389

System 0.0232

Capacity 23 l/s

H= 148 mm

Q= 2.600 m3/day

System 108.34

System 1.806

System 0.0301

Capacity 30 l/s

H= 217 mm

Q= 600 m3/day

System 25.00

System 0.417

System 0.0070

Capacity 10 l/s

H= 91 mmNo

Water
treatment Plant

Capacitas
Rezervoer.
m3

Capacity treatment
m3/ day

Capacitytreatment
m3/Hour

Capacitytreatment
m3/menit

1

WTP. Central

3000

Q= 6.600 m3/day

System 275.00

2

WTP. Bemos

1500

Q= 2.000 m3/day

3WTP. Lahane

800

4WTP. Benamauk

400

Dili,13-10-2016
Source section of Production

4 WTP Total capacity/years

Total M3
1116640.50
61050422.45
6502877.32
1234628039.49
2

41958099.21

5
6－ 222 －

4 WTP total Production/Month
Persentage %0.0

TOTAL PRODUKSI (m3/bulan)

ETA Lahane

0.5
1.6
0

0
0

0.1

A. Lahane Tai-Besi0

B. Lahane Cidade

2.9

C. Lahane Palacio/ Novre

0.0

1,029.00
3,190.00
0.0
0.0

D.Lahane Coreio

19.8

90.00

ETA Lahane

110.005,784.00
0

B. Lahane Cidade-

39,064.00

E. Lahane SPK.

100

75.1

C. Lahane Palacio/ Novre
D.Lahane Coreio

197740.0

ETA BENAMAUKA. Lahane Tai-Besi

148,473.00

E. Lahane SPK.
ETA BENAMAUKA. Benamauk Nularan / Terminal

A. Benamauk Nularan / Terminal

B. Benamauk Saburaka Laran

B. Benamauk Saburaka Laran
ETA Bemos
ETA Bemos
ETA Central Bairo Pite

ETA Central Bairo Pite

Total Production of Borhole/Month
M3/MÉS
1,322,664

443,132
62,66980,09787,9262,179
47,60020,736
56,64040,432 47,879
8,741
25,0057,440
103,680
57,81041,472
101,239.05,547
22,807 3113,48734,020
6,040
6,055

－ 223 －

M3/MÉS

Water Quality
7.2

pH Central 2016

7.3

7.5 7.5

7.3
7.6

0 0 7.6 7.5 7.6

7.6

7.5
7.1

7.2

7.4

7.1

7.5

7.2
7.2

7.3 7.5

7.2
7.4 7.3 7.2

7.5(NTU) Central 2016

7.3

7.3

7.4

7.3

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.7 0.3 0 0 0.2 0.1 0.3

0.3

7.3

0.3

0.1
0.1

0.2

0.1

0.2

1

0.1

0.6
7.2

0.1

0.5
0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

0.2

0.1
0.1

0.3
0.2

0.0

2
3
4
5

III. Recent Challenges to Improvement of Water supply Services
The situated of water supply in Dili, currently 25 water supply bores
located in the Dili aquifer around the Comoro River and Becora River.
These currently supply about half of the daily water and could besignificantly upgraded without impacting on the freshwater/saltwaterinterface at the sea. It is suggested that an additional nine bores could beconstructed around the Comoro River to act as standby sources of water
during drought conditions. The locations will be dictated by the availabilityof government land, a minimum separation distance of 400 metres fromother bores and from the sea and pipeline and power line considerations.
Preliminary drilling sites are shown in Figure 7. WATER SUPPLY OPTIONS－ 224 －

The leak detection and repair in itself is a well documented process but it must be carriedout in conjunction with all the other “technical” aspects (management systems, O&M
systems, billing systems etc) that need to be in place before a leak detection programme
can yield the potential supply improvement

The Common functionality problems viewed in Maliana and Atabae (Top left:
unused water point due to solar pump failure, Top right: rusting pipe joint,
Bottom left: mainline pipe leakage, Bottom right: leakage at intake)－ 225 －

Future Challenge
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Upgrade water quality
Maintenance of Water supply system
Costumer services for better services
Improve Water treatment system
Capacity building

Documentation－ 226 －

THANK YOU
OBRIGADO－ 227 －

WTP Central－ 228 －

－ 229 －－ 230 －WTP Benamuk－ 231 －

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