MastheadEuropean Journal of Pediatric Surgery
European Journal of Pediatric Surgery
Volume 33
European Journal of Pediatric Surgery is published in
6 issues per year in February, April, June, August,October, and December.
ISSN (Print): 0939-7248
eISSN: 1439-359X
Editor-in-ChiefProf. Dr. med. Benno M. Ure, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
The editor is not responsible for the advertisements
and supplements contained in the journal.
Publishers
Georg Thieme Verlag KG,
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart or
P.O.Box 301120, 70451 Stuttgart
phone +49 711 8931-0, fax +49 711 8931-298
www.thieme.de/EJPS
Web-App: www.thieme.de/eref-app
Editorial staﬀ at the Georg Thieme Verlag is available via:
Jessica.Bogensberger@thieme.de
V.i.S.d.P.: Martin Spencker, Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469
Stuttgart
AdvertisingThieme Media
Pharmedia Anzeigen- und Verlagsservice GmbH
Laura Lenz, Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart Sitz
und Registergericht: Stuttgart, HRB 8918
Geschäftsführer: Oliver Fock, Katrin Siems
phone +49 711 8931 469
e-mail: Laura.Lenz@thieme-media.de
Production management
e-mail: aditi.saxena@thieme.in
Subscription information
Subscribers are asked to inform the publisher immediately in case of address changes in order to ensure
correct delivery of the journal.
phone: +49 711 8931-321, fax: +49 711 8931-422
e-mail: customerservice@thieme.com
The scientific text of this journal is available online throughThieme-connect, http://www.thieme-connect.de.
Access to Thieme-connect is free of charge for personal subscribers. For information concerning licenses
and prices for institutional access, please contact:
For customers in Germany, Austria, Switzerland
Thieme Gruppe, Institutional Sales, Rüdigerstraße 1470469 Stuttgart, Deutschlandphone: +49 711-8931-407, fax: +49 711-8931-794
e-mail: esales@thieme.de
For customers in Europe (excluding Germany, Austriaand Switzerland), Africa, Asia (excluding SouthAsia), Australia
Thieme Gruppe, Institutional Sales, Rüdigerstraße 1470469 Stuttgart, Germany
phone: +49 711-8931-407, fax: +49 711-8931-794
e-mail: esales_row@thieme.de

For customers in the US, Canada, Mexico, Centraland South America
Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., Institutional Sales
333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001
United Statesphone: +1-800-782-3488 (Toll-free in US only)
phone: +1-212-760-0888, fax: +1-212-947-0108
e-mail: esales_tny@thieme.com
Airfreight and mailing in the USA by The Sheridan
Press, 450 Fame Avenue, Hanover, PA 17331. Periodicals postage paid at New York, NY and additional
mailing oﬃces. Postmaster: Send address changes toEuropean Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 333 Seventh Avenue, New York,NY 10001.
All subscription orders are entered for the calendar
year. The rate of subscription is invoiced in advance at the end of the year for the following year andbecomes due for payment for the full calendar year.
Subscriptions can be started anytime. Subscriptions
are automatically extended each year unless noticeof cancellation is received from the subscriber prior
to September 30 of each year.
For users in the USA
Authorization of photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specificclients, is granted by Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
New York for libraries and other users registered with
the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional
Reporting Service; www.copyright.com. For reprint
information in the USA, please contact: journals@thieme.com
Product names
Product names which are registered trademarks
may not have been specifically designated as such inevery case. In case where a product has been referred
to by its registered trademark it cannot be concluded that the name used is in the public domain. The
same applies to labels, names or other signs.
Manuscripts
Impact Factor (2022): 1.8
Manuscript submission exclusively via:
http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ejpsFor details regarding manuscript submission please refer towww.thieme.com/journal-authors
In principle only papers will be accepted which have notbeen published previously, domestically or abroad. Furthermore, manuscripts may not be oﬀered to other publications at the same time as they are under consideration
for this journal. The corresponding author will receive aPDF-file for private use. Authors may choose to allow, for afee, free general access to their papers online.
Illustrations
Unfortunately, we cannot accept images alreadypublished in books, journals, or electronic productsof other publishers. The reason: It is almost impossible to obtain the necessary rights of use even withpayment of licensing fees. Therefore, please do not
pay any licensing fees (e.g. to “RightsLink”/Copyright

Clearance Center). Standard license contracts from
“Creative Commons” are unfortunately also insufficient for our purposes. Contact us with any questions regarding the use of images.
Important note
Medicine is an ever-changing science undergoing
continual development. Research and clinical experience are continually expanding our knowledge, inparticular our knowledge of appropriate treatment
and drug therapy. Insofar as this journal mentions
any dosage or application, readers may rest assured
that the authors, editors and publishers have madereasonable eﬀort to ensure that such references arein accordance with the state of knowledge at thetime of production of the journal. Nevertheless, thisdoes not involve, imply, or express any guarantee orresponsibility on the part of the publishers in respectof any dosage instructions and forms of application
stated in the journal. Every user is requested to examine carefully the manufacturers’ leaflets accompanying each drug and to check, if necessary in consultation with a physician or specialist, whether thedosage schedules mentioned therein or the contraindications stated by the manufacturers diﬀer fromthe statements made in the present journal. Suchexamination is particularly important with drugs thatare either rarely used or have been newly released on
the market. Every dosage schedule or every form of
application used is entirely at the user’s own risk andresponsibility. The authors and publishers request
every user to report to the publishers any discrepancies or inaccuracies noticed.
Copyright & Ownership
Unless otherwise stated: © 2023. Thieme. All rightsreserved.
The European Journal of Pediatric Surgery is owned byThieme. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, Rüdigerstraße
14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
This journal, including all individual contributions
and illustrations published therein, is legally protected by copyright for the duration of the copyrightperiod. Any use, exploitation or commercialization
outside the narrow limits set by copyright legislation, without the publisher’s consent, is illegal andliable to criminal prosecution. This applies in particular to photocopy reproduction, copyright, cyclostyling, mimeographing or duplication of any
kind, translating, preparation of microfilms, andelectronic data processing and storage (CD-Rom,DVD, USB memory stick, databases, cloud-based
service, ebook and other forms of electronic publishing) as well as making it available to the public (e.g.,internet, intranet or other wired or wireless datanetworks), in particular by displaying on stationary or mobile visual display units, monitors, smart
phones, tablets or other devices by download (e.g.,e-pub, PDF, App) or retrieval in any other form.
Printed in Germany
Typesetting: Thomson Digital, Noida, India
Printer: AZ Druck und Datentechnik GmBH,Kempten, Germany