Water Supply Administration
For Better Management of Water Supply Services
Course（A）

Country Reports

Japan International Corporation of Welfare Services (JICWELS)Contents
1. Sudan１

2. Rwanda

34

3. Guyana

54

4. Morocco69

5. Bosnia-Herzegovina

90

6. Saint Vincent and The Grenadines

106

7. Macedonia

122

8. Ethiopia

134

9. Iraq

165

10. Jordan

184

11. Tanzania

196

Water Supply Administration
For Better Management of Water Supply Services
Course（A）

Sudan

-1-

-2-

-3-

-4-

History of Public Water Corporation
There had been two organizations in Sudan deal
with water issue , the National Urban water
corporation and rural water corporation ,they
had been dealt withplanning ,design ,construction, operation ,maintenance , monitoring and evaluation andmanaging all water systems in Urban and Rural
areas .
-5-

the situation was changed and each the state
became responsible for operation,
maintenance and managing the water systems
at urban and rural areas and the National
Water Corporation was created to be
responsible for planning, design, construction-6-

supplies monitoring of water quality and capacity
building of water staff.
Water planning: In order to fulfill overall objectivesof water resources planning and management, andenhance the development and implementation ofeffective national water policies and strategies for
integrated water resources management (IWRM), theSudan National Water Policy was developed in 2003
This brings together aspects-7-of water resources

, industry, health, energy and transportation. To
increase its effectiveness, the water policy should pay
more attention to pricing and fuller participation bystakeholders. Relevant concepts that could have been
better considered and incorporated include: water as
an economic good, adoption of an analyticalframework, institutional and regulatory systems,
incentives, water conserving, poverty alleviation,
participatory approaches, environmental protection
and capacity building.
-8-

only for the Northern states and its name was changed
to Public Water Corporation (P W C) and part ofNational development budget transferred to the states
to be responsible for their projects’undersupervision of
Ministry of Irrigation and water Resources .

-9-, the Sudan became two Country, Sudan Government
and South Sudan; the Public Water Corporation
became responsible of states in Sudan government.

-10-

-11-

I’m one of the numbers of engineers’ supervision
reporting to director of project execution department,
we responsible for supervision and monitoring of waterprojects that financed by the National budget or
foreign aids and loans.

-12-Planning, design and construction supervision of all
water projects that financed in National level.
Role of consultancy to all state in all water issues.
Capacity building of the staff working at water sector in
the states, the agreement signed with JICA.
Do monitoring and evaluation of water quality for all
water points in the country.
-13-

Water supply services standard
Public Water Corporation had developed 14 technicalguide line and manual for water supply and sanitation
facilities which include all the technical activities. Thismanual has to be update from each two up to four years.

-14-All companies or partners work on the sector have tocomply with this guide lines and they get the final
approval from their final design from public water
corporation.
Water rate they prepared by state water corporation (S.
W.C) to minster approved by states ministers council
and the final approval state assembly council
legislation.
-15-

State government control the personnel employment.
Operation and maintenance (O¥M) budgeting coverfrom revenue collection and some time cover from thestate budget .
Capital investment comes from federal government

-16-

-17-

The private sector not involve in the operation andmaintenance(O¥M ) management of water system
expect where they contract in boot system.
All of the system state owned company.
They get their water from private well and rain.
They store water from the public water supply in toground reservoir and they pump it to the rest of thebuilding.
Very limited sewerage system only exist on part of thetwo town Capital (Khartoum and Khartoum north )covering only 10% of the population of the capital .
-18-

-19-

There is a plan for construction of sewerage system inall big town in the states and other part of the capital.
There is private company for collecting and disposal ofsolid waste. There is no sorting of the disposal
In future plan to sort the solid and recycle them for use-20-

Tariff, water purification, distribution, pipe material ortype equipment, human resource and water quality
control.
Capital investment is very high ,state cannot afford
it ,so they depend on the federal government had thepriorities in budget year.

-21-the revenue collection is weak for most causes not reach 70%
from the total bill .
The water tariff approved by state assembly council which
Is very weak not to covering all the cost .
Water purification
High turbidity during the rainy season for surface water
resource ,so many input are use in purification example Pac,
Pam, aluminum sulphate and all of them imported fromoutside the country .
-22-

-23-

Pipe material or type of equipment most of them
imported from outside country with low cost but it is
not good enough to work for along time so it need to be
replace several times .
Transport cost from the sea port to capital and thestates.
-24-

The Process Flow Diagram:Blue NileRiver
Intake Pump Station
Rough Settler
ChemicalHouse

Rapid mixing and Distribution shaft
Clarifiers
Filters

ChlorineHouse

Treated Water Reservoir & Backwashing
Water Tanks
High Lift Pump House & Backwashing Pump
house
Booster Pump Station
AldaliDistribution Plant-25Aldali Distribution
Network

Gafarat
Town

-26-

implemented in the year 2011 to supply water to
Aldali area which lies at67km away fromthe Blue river Nile
The population of that area is 21000-27-

Water treatment plant , the capacity is 20000 m3 perday Transmissions pipe line , 67 km
Boaster station at 47 km away from WTP
Distribution plant
Water distribution net work
-28-

-29-

-30-

1 - The public taps
The number of this public taps is 45
The price of water in this taps is .5 US $per m32- In the future me be use the private taps

-31-

The high turbidity during the flood season

and that requires
1- using bigger dosing of PAC

2- Increasing the daily maintenance time-32-

Water quality management strategy, monitoring
system and safety plane.
-Strategies to reduce NRW- Management of water supply system in Japan-33-

Water Supply Administration
For Better Management of Water Supply Services
Course（A）

Rwanda-34-

RWANDA COUNTRY REPORT
Water Supply Administration for Better Management of
Water Supply Services-35-

June 2012

Quick Country Overview

 Bordering Countries:

Uganda (North), DRC (West), Burundi (South) andTanzania (East) Surface Area: 26,338 Sq km
 Location: Central and East Africa
 Land: 20,599Sq km
 Water : 1,390 Sq km
 Forest: 4,350 Sq Km
 The relief is mountainous
 Population: 11,000,000 (density ~ 380inh/sqkm)
 Urban Pop is about 14%
 Resources: Human (Services) and Tourism (3 parks)
-36-

-37-

3

My Job
Water Network Management (Felicien):

Electromechanical Engineer trained in water supply
engineering
My main attributions are:
• Planning and execution of water network extension;• Planning and execution of water network
reinforcement• Preparation of hydraulic materials to order;• Water store situation monitoring.
• Making report.
-38-

1. ORGANIZATIONAL PROFILEEWSA

Energy Water and Sanitation Authority
 EWSA is a national utility which is mandate to produce

and distribute safe water.
 It has a mission of creating conditions for the provision of

sufficient, safe, reliable, efficient , cost-effective andenvironmentally appropriate water and sanitation service
to households and to all economic sectors on sustainable

basis
-39-

WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION CHART IN
RWANDAMININFRAMINECOFINMINIRENA
Set Policy

MINALOCRURA

Regulator
CDF

LOCAL AUTHORITYEWSA
CUSTOMERSSTAND PIPECONSUMERS-40-

The value chain for delivering the water services comprises
four stages:• water harvesting and storage (tapping water sources andstoring water in reservoirs and other similar structures);• water treatment (dealing with water quality and safety);• Water distribution (providing a network to supply water toend customers); and• Customer interface (connections, customer metering,billing, bill collection, and customer services).

-41-

3. GENERAL SITUATION OF WATER RESOURCES
IN RWANDA
 In General, RWANDA has a rich hydrological network, where water

is in abundance comparatively to its area country ; This Water as exploitable resource come from rivers, lakes and water

Springs; but actually only 12,22% of available quantity is exploited.
 The pluviometry varies between 800 and 2000 mm per year that is tosay 1400mm of average.
 As regards the National safe water distribution achieve on average

75%, that is to say 74% in rural area and 76% in all urban centers of
Rwanda.
-42-

My Job
Water Production, Distribution and Quality Monitoring
Officer (Philbert):

The mains attributions were:
To conduct audit and inspection to the water service provision;
 To monitor the quality of service rendered to customers;
 To draft regulatory tools in water supply sector.
-43-

4.WATER POLICY AND REGULATION

4.1. RWANDA UTILITIES REGULATORY AGENCY (RURA)
 RURA is a Regulatory Authority created by Law N°39/2001 of
13/09/2001 for Regulating Certain Public Utilities(Telecommunication services, Transport, Energy and Water andSanitation.
 The law provides to RURA a legal personality and autonomy in

the management of its finances, assets and employees and has its
own official seal.
Independent Created as a result of privatization to provide security of services
and to work in transparency in regards to service delivery; The law provides (art 5) a mandate to RURA to enforce
compliance with the sector laws, advise the government on
issues related to Water, complaints handling & disputes
resolution, to approve utility rates (Tariffs), etc.
 RURA carries out independent audit and inspection to water
utilities which result in suggestions, recommendations andenforcements.
-44-

4.1. LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORKThe legal & regulatory framework currently in use:
The National Water Supply and Sanitation Policy updated withstrategies inclusive (1997, 2004 & 2010),
Law N°62/2008 of 10/09/2008 putting in place the use,conservation, protection and management of water resources
regulations (Water law), Drinking water Standards (RBS & WHO),
Different guidelines developed by RURA { Guidelines on
Required minimum service level for water service provision(pressure, Reliability of supply, access to supply, qlty, water
meter & billing & complaints handling)}-45-

5. WATER RATES AND BILL COLLECTION SYSTEM•The EWSA bills are issued on the basis of actual readings recorded from themeter by our Meter Readers.
•All water services are billed monthly. Customers can settle their bills at the
EWSA bank accounts indicated on their bills or at any nearest branch byindicating both the bill number and the amount.
•All EWSA bills for water supply, meter rent, repair works and any other services
are payable before the deadline indicated on the bill

-46-

The cost per m3 is set according to the consumption as
indicated below:
Monthly Consumption

Tariff Excluding VAT (18%)

At Public Water Kiosk

Rwf 240 (0.41$) / Unit

Between 0 and 5 m3

Rwf 240 (0.41$) /Unit

Between 6 and 20m3

Rwf 300 (0.51$) / Unit

Between 21 and 50m3

Rwf 400 (0.68$) / Unit

Between 51 and 100m3

Rwf 650 (1.12$) / Unit

Above 101 m3

Rwf 740 (0.41$) / Unit

Industries

Rwf 593 (1.02$) / Unit
-47-

6. WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT• The water supplied by EWSA is treated according to the international
standards and it benefits of a regular control at water treatment plants anddistribution network• In order to meet current water standards, specific water purification steps
are taken that include: Physical and chemical treatment; and Laboratory
analysis .

•After these steps have been taken and it is ascertained that the water is safe,
it is then distributed.
•External inspectors (RURA & RBS) come to check the quality of waterproduced and distributed.
•The quality of service are ensured.
-48-

KIMISAGARA WATER TREATMENT PLANT

-49-

15

7. WATER SUPPLY SERVICES• EWSA treats and distributes clean water Countrywide to supply

water to all populations especially those in urban habitats.

•2 millions residents of 15 urban areas including Kigali City are thepopulation targeted for clean water services•EWSA manages 16 treatment plants which provides clean water(m3 48,808 per day) through 4,647,565 m of pipes to reach Its
95,442 water supply connections which supply various categories
of users (Households, Industries, Publics services, …)•RURA audit and inspect the quality of service rendered tocustomers-50-

8. PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION IN
RURAL WATER SERVICE IN RWANDA
 Currently 847 water systems (December 2010)
 With the current policy, rural water systems belong to
districts and the policy is to delegate them to private
operators.
 Only 215 under contracts with private managers (48:
Cooperatives, Companies, individual & Regies) with 6%
increment recorded for 2010, 62 water supply systems managed without management
contracts by institutions such as religious, schools,
hospitals, etc.
 Management contracts duration ranges between 2 to 15
years,
 Two main companies: AQUAVIRUNGA & FH- PROCOM-51-

9. CHALLENGES WITHIN THE WATER SECTOR Lack of qualified human resources ( technical and operational

management),
Shortage of enough funds to develop the sector
 Private sector involvement very limited at present Lack of a strong legal and regulatory framework, Water quality control remains an ultimate challenge in rural areas, Most private operators in rural areas are still not yet fully
professional,
Frequent leakages on small diameter pipes which has consequencesfrom finances resources to environment wastage and people’s life.
The isolation of operators’ locations and rural stakeholders working
places constitutes a problem to regulation and monitoring operators’
performance (Transport, fees, No connection, etc).
 Water tariffs in rural areas tend to be relatively high, in particularwhere pumping is involved,-52-

Let us assist
each otherto becomebetter water managers!
-53-

Water Supply Administration
For Better Management of Water Supply Services
Course（A）

Guyana-54-

Water Supply Administration for Better
Managementof Water Supply Services
Country Report
GUYANA-55-

Country profile
Guyana – Surrounded by Atlantic Ocean -North,
Venezuela - South,
Suriname – East,
Brazil – West.

Area: 215,000 km2

Population : 750,000

Coverage Water Supply: 98%

Guyana is located in the North East
shoulder of the South America-56-

Background on Guyana Water Inc.
 GWI was formed in 2002 with the merger of 2 (two) entities:

Georgetown Sewerage and Water Commissioners statutory body with responsibility for water and sanitation services in Georgetown
Guyana Water Authority statutory body with responsibility for water services in the coastal regions andHinterland areas
 Company is owned by the Government of Guyana

 Has an operating license to provide potable water to the residents of Guyana
 Reports to the Honourable Minister of Housing & Water Mr. Mohamed Irfaan Ali-57-

Current Situation
Customer Count – 176,748-58-

Organizational Chart-59-

GWI Mission Statement

 "To deliver safe, adequate and affordable water and toensure safe sewerage systems for improved publichealth and sustainable economic development."-60-

Management of water quality
Current situation
significant amount of water supplied is high in iron content anddistribution systems are old
Quality is monitored monthly from one central laboratory
Major Problems
treatment facilities are not meeting WHO standards
Constant delays in shipment of chemicals
Understaffed laboratory
Increased monitoring of quality

Current actions

Additional suppliers for chemicals-61-

2. Reduction of non-revenue water
Current Situation
Non Revenue Water as at December 2011 – 65%
Production 131m m3 - Billings 47.16m m3 (NRW= 83.84m m3)
36% metered customers
Poor collections efficiency

Major Problems

Leaks/Wastage
Old tariff structure
Current Actions
District Metered Areas / Increase metered coverage in treated areas
Review of Tariff Structure
-62-

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Better Success

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Charity

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13

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-63-

Management of water supply service on a selfsupporting basis
Current Situation

High operating cost
Subsidized operations
Company operating at a loss
Increasing energy costs

Major problems

Production and Energy Cost (2009 - 2011)
Energy Cost (GYD$B)$2.62

Production (Million m3)

130

$2.58

120

$2.56

115

105
100

$2.62
$2.60

125

110

$2.64

$2.53

130

$2.51

$2.54
$2.52
$2.50

109

110

2009

2010

$2.48

Energy Costs (GYD$B)

135

$2.46

95

$2.44
Year

2011

-64-

Production
Energy Costs

1

Current situation cont’dCurrent Actions
Upgrading of electrical panels
Power factor connections
upgrading electrical and pumping
units for efficiency-65-

5. Major recent achievement in improvement of watersupply services/management

2009

INDICATORS

2011

2.9

Staff/1,000 connections

3.1

298,000

Production capacity m3/d

359,000

WHO Guidelines

Water quality

WHO Guidelines

93%

Coverage area

97%

10-12hrs/d

Supply duration

10-12hrs/d

25psi

Supply pressure

25 psi

168,781

Number of connections

176,748

53%

NRW

65%

46%

Collection ratio

78%

500

Staff number

589

-66-

5. Major recent achievement in improvement of watersupply services/management•

Expansion of Coverage•

Additional Treatment Plants•

Distribution upgrades•

Additional wells•

Improved quality•

Increased collections-67-

6. Expectation for the Japanese private companies & Water
Supply Utilities•

Technical Assistance•

Assistance in constructing treatment facilities-68-

Water Supply Administration
For Better Management of Water Supply Services
Course（A）

Morocco

-69-

LOGO

Country Report Outline
FormatWater Supply Administration for Better
Management of Water Supply Services

Country: Morocco

Organization: National Office of Drinking Water-70-

Kingdom of Morocco:
Country located : North Africa
Area: 710,850 km²

Population: 34 million Habitants

The climate :Mediterranean in the North & in mountains(West of Atlas)

Coverage Water Supply:•

Urban Rate of connexion (93%)•

Rural Rate of connexion (91%)-71-

2Water ressources
Morocco is a Mediterranean country which has a rich and diverse naturalenvironment. Its climate is semi arid and water resources are totally
generated from endogenous precipitation

advantage: no sharing of water resources with other countries
140 Billions m3

121 Billion m3 lost by
evapotranspiration
Unconventional water resources

22 Billion m3
Usable water ressources

13 Billion m3
Water resources mobilized

Desalination,
wastewater reusefor irrigation

18 Billion m3
surface resources
4 Billion m3
groundwater resources
9 Billion m3
surface resources

11,5 Billion m3
Agriculture

4 Billion m3
groundwater resources

1,5 Billion m3
Drinking water-72-

Water ressources
Water resource potential is:






Heavily used
Badly distributed
Variability in space and time
LimitedThreatened pollution, siltation of dams

Morocco has 130 large dams and 100 small dams located throughout the country.
The biggest one is Al Wahda which was described by (LOICZ) as the second
most important dam in Africa.

-73-

National Office of Drinking Water (ONEP)






Public company
Founded in 1972
Civil status
Financial autonomy
No subvention since 1993

Mission of ONEP:
1. Planning for water supply throughout Morocco
2. Production of drinking water
3. Distribution of drinking water for the benefit of local collectivity
4. Sanitation management for the benefit of local collectivity-74-

National Office of Drinking Water (ONEP) ONEP is a supplier of water that produces 91% of thecountry's drinking water and sells most of the Regis andprivate concessionaires.
 ONEP also distributes water directly to customers inabout 595 medium to small towns (with 1.5 million customers).
 ONEP has also taken over sanitation services inmore than 79 of the towns where it distributes drinking
water by 2009, and it is expected to take over sanitation
services in a total of 191 towns by 2017.
 ONEP also control same company of supply water inAfrica in cooperation south-south (cameronaise deseaux) and take technical help-75- like conception supply
system and training for staff of same partner in Africa.

The production of ONEP is about 901 Million m3:
66%

33%

1%
-76-

-77-

Financial indicators
Annual investment : MAD 4 017 M ≈ US$ 502 M (2010)
Annual turnove: MAD 3 645 M ≈ US$ 455 M (2010)
Number of staff
Value-added: 7 650: MAD 2 497 M ≈ US$ 312 M (2010)-78-

ONEP‘s Sales
Designation

Sales in million m3
2009

2010

Private company

285,4

292,1

Autonomous Operators

253,6

265,6

Authers

192,5

208,7

TOTAL

732

766

Sales
Autonomous
operator

Private company
Consumers

Big clients-79-Organizational
structureof ONEP
Organizational
structureof ONEP Central Directorate based in Rabat.
 Regional directorate covering the whole country to ensure theproximity of the service.
GENERAL DIRECTION
Direction Audit andorganization

Direction cooperation andcommunication
International institute of waterand sanitation

Control agency of operations

Engineering training directorate

Financial pole

Resources pole

Industrial pole

Development and exploration
directorate
Development pole

Financial directorate

Directorate of human resources

Patrimony directorate

Planning directorate

Management control andinformation system

Directorate of provision andprocurement

Directorate of monitoring water
quality

Technical and engineering
directorate

Commercial and marketing
directorate

Directorate of common means

10 Regional directorates

Generalization of water supply
directorate

Legal affairs and real estate
operations directorate-80-

Environment and sanitation
directorate

Management of water quality in ONEP-81-

Water supply service standards
The quality monitoring of produced water are distributed according to the laws
and regulations relating to quality of water intended for human consumption:
 Moroccan law 10/95 on the water,
 Order No.1277-01 (2002) laying down quality standards for water used for
drinking water production, The standard Moroccan No. 03.7.001 on water quality for human consumption
nears 2006,
 Moroccan standard No. 03.7.002 on control and monitoring networks of public
water supply.

 The regulations governing the quality of drinking water (used by ONEP), largely
inspired by the Guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) and EU
directives for the quality of drinking water.

-82-

Water supply service standards/Performance Indicateurs

PERFORMANCE TARGETS:Day-to-day continuity of the water supply;An adequate and high-quality water supply system;
Effective treatment and transportation of waterContinuity of water supply in the long term.
Main indicator of drinking water quality:(Moroccan standards)- microbiological 10 /100 ml- pH 6.5 – 8.5- Iron 0.3mg/L- color 5 HU
- turbidity 1 NTU (0,3 NTU)
- Manganese 0.1 mg/L
- Aluminum 0.2 mg/L
-83-

Management of water quality in ONEP-84-

Management of water quality in ONEP
Among the carried out actions:- Investigation of potential pollution at the water source- Evaluation of pollution hazards in water supply system- Intervention in case of o pollution hazard- Eutrophisation control…
- Diagnostics and follow up wastewater purification plants performances

Among R&D activities:- Monitoring and protecting water resources and drinking watersupply against pollution- Improving the water quality and developing new systems for drinking
water treatment- Experiences on simple techniques for the purification and water reusethat can be adapted to the Moroccan environment- Development of specific treatment and evaluation of new technology-85-

Reduction of non-revenue water

Non-revenue water

CONSUMER NOTRECORDED

EFFECTIVESLEAK AND BROKENLEAK REPAIR:- Staff ONEP- SUBCONTRACTING

OVERFLOW

COUNTING

CONTROL / REMOTE
MONITORING-86-

ODOMETER NOTADEQUATEOTHERILLICITCONNECTION

INDICATORS MEASURES
YEARS
1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average

Number ofoperations
performed

121

131

133

99

97

113

116

Linearsysteminspected
Km

3158

3434

3718

2998

2323

3044

2605

Leakageflow
recovered
m3 /h

1616

1312

1474

1376

1066

1228

1345

Volumerecoveredper yearm3

14.156.160

11.493.120

12.912.240

12.053.760

9.338.160

10.757.280

11.782.200-87-

Management of water supply service on aself-supporting basis
ONEP has developed during the last twenty years innovative solutions
In the partnership with the communes:- Sub delegation to private Moroccan local companies,- Outsourcing to micro enterprises- Stand-posts guards for the rural areas water supply
In water supply sustainability:- National tariff’s solidarity system- Stamps system for the administration payments- Social connections-Participation of the population for the projects realization,
maintenance and financing.
-88-Major recent achievement in improvement of water supply
service / management:
Example of an action plan for one Division (DTI/S) of management technique and engineering

DivisionSouth
Division

Project

Cost inMillion €LaayouneStrengthening of the drining water from the desalinationof sea water at a flow 150 l / s and doubling of thedriving

AKHFENIRCity

Planning of realization
Progress

begin

Compl

26

Work inprogress

jan-07

Dec-11

Desalination of sea water for a flow 10 l / s

40Work inprogressjul-08may-11DAKHLA

Processing station for the demineralization a flow of 200
l/s

25Work inprogress

sept-11jun-13

Tan TanStrengthening of drinking water for Tana Tan withdesalination unit for a flow of 100 l / s

21Work inprogressmay-11

nov-12

Tamanar

Supply water drinking of 35 l / s from the barrage
Igouzoulen

5.2

work
completedjul-06

mar-11Marrakech

Extension of the treatment plant for a flow 1000l/s

23Work inprogressdec-09mar-12Marrakech

Supply water drinking of 1400 l/s from the barrage lalla
Takerkoust

140

Work inprogressjul-11

dec-12

Kelaat Sraghna

Supply water drinking of 150 l/s Kelaat Sraghna

80

Work inprogress

Feb-11

jun-11

Benguerir-Skhour
R'hamna

Supply water drinking of 200 l / s from the barrage El
Massira36

Work inprogress

nov-08may-11

2 82

Cost Global Projects-89-

Water Supply Administration
For Better Management of Water Supply Services
Course（A）

Bosnia-Herzegovina-90-

Country Report

Public Enterprise “Vodovod i kanalizacija“ Ltd, Zenica,
Bosnia and Herzegovina-91-

General Information of Bosnia and Herzegovina


Bosnia and Herzegovina is a beautiful country
located in Southeastern EuropeSize: 51,129 km2, population: 4 million

Its capital and largest city is SarajevoBeautiful country with beautiful breathtaking
landscapes, a lot of water potential, many
beautiful rivers, lakes, 20 kilometers of coastline on the Adriatic Sea, beautiful
mountains, forests...

Moderate-continental climate with average temperature of 10°C and with dry
hot summers and cold rainy and snowy winters
-92-

1.

Management of water quality

1-1.

Current situation and major challenges/problems



Public Enterprise “Vodovod i kanalizacija“ Ltd, Zenica is the entity responsible forsafe, reliable and effective water supply system for about 80,000 citizens, average
consumption of drinking water of about 300 l/s

The raw water for the City of Zenica is collected fromthree springs and one river intake:“Kruscica“ Spring – about 290 l/s for Zenica
“Babina Rijeka“ River Water Intake - about 10 l/s“Strmesnjak“ Spring - less then 10 l/s“Klopce“ Spring - less then 1 l/s

Major problems: human activity, negligence and lack ofconscience as well as lack of National Authorities actions
and adequate penalties



Major risks: deforestation that causes high turbidity of “Kruscica” spring;
uncontrolled and illegal discharge of the wastewater in the “Babina Rijeka“ riverfrom nearby villages and heavy silt load drawn by river water during wet seasons

Major challenge: to provide enough quantities of safe drinking water-93-

1-2. Current actions against the problems and any achievement

Public Enterprise “Vodovod i kanalizacija“ Ltd, Zenica is fighting with all legalmeans to prevent forest cutting and illegal disposal of waste waters around water
source areas writing claims to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water
Management against individuals and companies that are responsible for suchactions - no progress so farMunicipality of Zenica, the “Vodovod i kanalizacija“ and some other municipalities(Vitez, Novi Travnik, Busovaca) are now doing much effort to implement regional
water project “Plava voda“ - supposed to be realized within the next few years

The “Vodovod i kanalizacija“ is trying to rationalize water consumption and reduce
pipe breakdown and water leakage - by repairing and replacing existing decrepit
water supply network water losses reduced from more than 50% to 33% of the
produced water in the last four years, average quantity of the water drawn fromthe sources reduced from 420 l/s to 300 l/s-94-1-3. Monitoring System / Plan of Safety of Supplied Drinking Water

Every day 10 water samples from different points of water supply network are put
to test in order to determine their physical, chemical and microbiologicalparameters - should be inside limits defined by Regulations on Drinking Water
Health Care (Official Gazette BiH 40/10)

The “Vodovod i kanalizacija“ has its own laboratory located on Crkvice water
treatment plantResults of the analysis are sent to the Public Health Institution of the Zenica –Doboj Canton and Sanitary Inspection



Actions or plans of safety of supplied drinking water are determined and definedby law (Water Law – Official Gazette FBiH 70/06), Regulations on Drinking Water
Health Care (Official Gazette BiH 40/10) and decrees and regulations issued by
Municipality, Zenica-Doboj Canton and Federation of BiH

By laws and decrees mentioned above water protection zones are defined andalso measures and actions that are and are not allowed within these zones andalso penalites for those who are not acting according to regulations



Other actions: constant monitoring of relevant object such as reservoires, water
sources, river water intake, 24-hours-a-day crew located at objects: Kruscica water
source, reservoir Zmajevac II, Kasapovici river water intake, Crkvice water
treatment plant, for constant monitoring of the water production processes-95-1-4. Implementation of Water Safety Plans or similar efforts


Implementation of actions mentioned is mandatoryThanks to efforts of the “Vodovod i kanalizacija“ there has been no reports of
diseases caused by contaminated drinking water supply and also no severe watercontamination situations so far

Measures and actions for protection of water protection
zones are not well applied despite laws, decrees andpenalties

The City of Zenica, its citizens are unfortunately losing
two main historical water sources because of humannegligence and lack of conscience as well as lack of
National Authorities actions and adequate penalties

Safe, effective and reliable drinking water supply is one of the most basic humanneeds and of crucial importance for every town, its development and existence
-96-

2.

Reduction of non-revenue water

2-1. Current situation and major challenges/problems
Non-revenue water is water that is “lost” in water supply system through leakages(real physical loss), unbilled authorized consumption and through illegal
connection or metering inaccuracies (apparent loss)

Problem is the existing water network is more than 30 years old and has manyolder elements and pipes - repairing and replacing these old pipes and elements
requires great financial resources

The “Vodovod i kanalizacija“ files a lawsuit against illegal consumers - legal
system is slow and not efficent enough in solving these lawsuits-97-

2-2. Current actions against the problems
For reduction of real losses water supply system of the City of Zenica is partitioned
into 16 zones with constant metering of water consumption

The “Vodovod i kanalizacija“ is doing much effort
and invests great financial resources to repair
and replace old pipes and elements, fittings etcUnbilled authorized consumptionis actually metered, although not billedIllegal connections:
Are being traced
Employees are financiallystimulated to report any illegal connection and illegal consumer they discoverThe “Vodovod i kanalizacija“ files a lawsuit against such illegal consumers anddoes much effort in cutting-off such illegal connections from water supply system



Rule: pipelines, manholes for water meter placement and other elements should bestrictly located on the public ground because of the easier access, maintenance andcontrol-98-2-3. Any achievment
By partition of the City of Zenica into zones bigger pipe breakdowns have been
discovered and repaired

Losses in the last four years have been reduced from more than 50% to 33% of the
produced water (32,2% in year 2011), average quantity od water drawn from thesources has been reduced from 420 l/s to 300 l/s



The “Vodovod i kanalizacija“ needs to reduce more of these lossesFor further reduction of real losses, this enterpriseneeds greater fundings for dividing the City of Zenica
into more zones in order to determine parts of water
network with “insidious“ leakages so that they could
be repaired and replaced-99-

3. Water supply service standards

3-1. Current situation and major challenges/problems


Water supply services are regulated by Municipal Decree on Water Supply and
Sewerage System (Official Gazette of Municipality of Zenica 5/11), Law on Utility
Services, then internal Decrees, Regulations and Procedures of the PublicEnterprise “Vodovod i kanalizacija“ Ltd, ZenicaDecrees, Regulations and Procedures are mostly based on the experience of the“Vodovod i kanalizacija“ and they represent a compromise of what is in interest of
the enterprise and of what is in the costumers interestIn those regulations, procedures and decrees tariffs for various services are
determined and defined

Usually costumers are unsatisfied with prices of services although they areaffordable, and they often complain and argue about themAlso by these regulations, procedures and decrees location of the manhole for thewater meter placement is determined (on the public ground because of the easieraccess to the water meter and control of the consumer itself)

Costumers usually argue about water meter location, manholes dimensions,distance from their objects etc-100-

3-2. Current actions against the problems
The “Vodovod i kanalizacija“ is giving much effort to provide quality water supply
service: safe and reliable 24 hours supply and water quality



Trying to:keep fair and transparent relations with costumer, to make agreements andcompromises with costumers, to settle, to give a costumer possibility for payment
arragements, to insure efficent and fast solving of the complaints, requests
the “Vodovod i kanalizacija” has signed a contract with some banks so that the
costumers pay no provision for the bill payment
provide for its customers all kind of technical and other support in various issues
in order to keep good image of enterprise etc

be at service 24 hours a day and for this purpose it has special on-call service
crew

3-3.

Any monitoring by Performance Indicators (PI)The “Vodovod i kanalizacija“ has no precisely defined and determined performancemeasurements of service quality

Best indicator is the increased number of customers who are regularly paying theirbills for water consumption and also reduced number of oral and writing complaints,
and increased number of satsified costumers
-101-

4.

Management of water supply service on self-supporting basis4-1. Current situation and major challenge/problems


Water tariff for metered consumption is still considered as a social measure in
response to high rate of unemployement in the city (therefore very affordable andnon commercial rate)The “Vodovod i kanalizacija“ management can suggest water tariff but the founderof this enterprise, Municipality, has to aprove itPolicy: “Water-social good“ still prevails

For years no legal actions against delinquent customers have been taken customers are used not to pay their bills for water consumptionLegal system is slow and not efficent enough in solving the lawsuits against
delinquent consumers

Disconnecting delinquent customers from water supply system is often not so easy
- a lot of water meters, manholes, pipelines are located inside private properties
where they can`t be easily and constantly controlled (especially delinquentconsumers who live in apartment blocks)-102-

4-2. Current actions against the problems
Filing a lawsuit is raising awareness of the consumers to pay their bills in order toavoid complications and paying penalty interestMarketing campaignes such as comparision of price of 1 m3 of bottled water and1 m3 of water from the water supply network (ratio: 1000:1)

The “Vodovod i kanalizacija“ is trying through investements in water supply network
improvement to show consumers that paying bills for water consumption will
eventually result in a safer, more efficent and more reliable water supply serviceThe “Vodovod i kanalizacija“ is sponsoring many community activities: sport activities,
donations etc, in order to create better and fair relations with the consumers



Due to these actions taken by management of the enterprise, the “Vodovod ikanalizacija“ is providing quality water supply service on self-supporting basis-103-

5. Major achievement in improvement of water supply services/management


The City of Zenica was few years ago known for its water supply reductions (22 hours
a day during dry seasons)

Due to effective management the “Vodovod i kanalizacija“ now provides safe,
effective and reliable 24 hours a day water supply thruoghout the entire service area

Due to its constant repair, replacement and improvement, water supply network has
been renewed, losses have been reduced to 33% of produced waterNumber of consumers with their own water meterhas been increased and also their awareness of
the importance of water consumption rationalization

Due to the legal actions this enterprise has taken
regularly number of consumers that are paying
their bills for consumed water has been
notably increased-104-6. Expectation for the Japanese private companiesThe “Vodovod i kanalizacija“ would appreciate any effort from Japanesecompanies in solving problems mentioned in this report
This enterprise is especially interested in purposing solutions for:
reduction of high turbidity of the “Kruscica” spring (measures, actions,
techniques, technologies);reconstruction of the “Babina Rijeka” river water intake in order to capture thewater even in cases of heavy silt load drawn by river during wet seasons(measures, actions, techniques, technologies);actions and measures in case of incident that may cause water contamination;

reduction of non-revenue water, especially of smaller “insidious“ leakages(measures, actions, techniques, technologies);actions against delinquent consumers (actions, regulations);
water supply service practice (rules, regulations, administrative procedures).

Thank You very much for Your coorporation!
-105-

Water Supply Administration
For Better Management of Water Supply Services
Course（A）

Saint Vincent and
The Grenadines-106-Saint Vincent and The Grenadines-107-General Country Profile:
Background St. Vincent & The Grenadines is an archipelago of 32 islands andcays located in the Windward Islands at the lower end of the
Caribbean chain at latitude 13⁰ 15N, 61⁰12W.

-108-

General Country Profile: Background St Vincent , the main island, is entirely volcanic in

origin and has a mountainous terrain that’s extends
from north to south. The average yearly temperature is
27⁰ C (83⁰F) and the rainy season is from June to
December . The annual rainfall varies from 1700mm in
the south and south west to 5000 mm in themountainous centre of the island.
 Most of the islands population on mainland St.
Vincent receives treated piped water from streams andsprings. The water, following treatment , is gravity fed
to supply systems on a continuous basis.
-109-

General Country Profile: Background
St.Vincent and the Grenadines
Area: 388 sq. km.
Population: 103,869 (July 2011 est.)
Coverage Water Supply: 90%
Main land St. Vincent:Area: 344 sq. km.
Population served: 95,560.
Number of metered customers: 38,878.
-110-

MISSION
 Mission of my organization is to consistently
provide all customers with the highest quality
water supply, sewerage and solid waste
management services in an efficient and affordable
manner.
 My mission in the organization is to manage andcoordinate the maintenance repairs and expansionof the system to meet the goals of ourorganization.
-111-

1. Management of Water Quality
1.1Current situation
Supply Systems
 Fancy Owia Perseverance
 Jennings
 Montreal
 Majorca

 Mamoon Dalaway Stream 24
 Layou Hermitage• The monitoring of water quality is done at separate
points of the treatment and distribution systems once
per week or twice in major systems.
• The parameters that are tested include: Turbidity, PH,
Residual Chlorine.
• Based on the results of these tests further parameters
are analyzed.
-112-

1. Management of Water Quality
1.1Major Challenges/problems

 Lack of full treatment, in some cases there is simply

collection and disinfection
 Denudation in watershed from natural andanthropogenic factors resulting in high turbidity insurface stream intakes.
 Inefficiency of drip feed Chlorinator systems.
 Limitations of our Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition, SCADA, system.
 Reduction of water quality due to old pipelines withinternal corrosion.
-113-

1. Management of Water Quality
1.2 Current actions against the problems and any achievement Issues relating to both the lack of full treatment and highturbidity levels are counteracted by constant monitoring at
the source.
 The inefficiency of the drip feed chlorinator is addressed bygiving the relevant capacity building courses to treatment
plant operators to detect and to some extent tackle issues
relating to same.
 Thus far we have had favorable results as it pertains to ourquality consistency levels.

1.3 Monitoring System/ Plan of safety
 Systematic monitoring of quality indicators at all sources

and specific points in the distribution systems-114-

2. Reduction of non-revenue water
2.1Current situation and major challenges/ problems
 There is approximately 40% of non-revenue water

which is derived mainly from leakages and metering
errors.
 Causes of leakages include: Ground movement, pipe

corrosion mainly due to ground conditions, High systempressure, pipe age and poor quality workmanship.
 Metering errors are incurred by: wear overtime, chemicalbuild up/ water quality impact, adverse effects of high systempressure and corrosion.

 One of our major challenge includes leakages of

distribution mains within the capital city indicated byevidence that the level of consumption seldom vary eventhough almost all economic activity comes to a halt atnights.
-115-

2. Reduction of non-revenue water
2.2 Current actions against problems

 Leak detection and meter testing are at the forefront of

our efforts, which also include pipeline upgrades andreplacement.
2.3 Achievements

 There has been a reasonable decrease in nonrevenue water, however a lot more has to be done
to carry this figure closer to what's deemed

acceptable.
-116-

3. Water Supply Service Standards
3.1 Current situation and major Challenges/ Problems
 Water supply service standards have always been at theforefront of our operations as we have always strived
to attain the highest quality.
 Our service is continuous 24 hr per day and there are
Operations and Maintenance teams on standby totackle issues whenever they arise.
 Our major issues arise during periods of continuous
rainfall when the turbidity levels rise at our surface
stream intakes or in periods of drought when the flow
rates of our rivers reduce.
-117-

3. Water Supply Service Standards
3.2 Current actions against the problems
 In cases when turbidity levels rise, the intake andtreatment plant is shut down and water the thensupplied from the available storage tanks.

3.3 Monitoring by performance indicators
 This is done annually in the form of Performance
Management Systems evaluations.

-118-

4. Management of water supply service on aself-supporting basis
4.1 Current situation and major challenges/ problems
 Over the last 42 years, CWSA has successfully

managed and developed the water sector in St. Vincent
and the Grenadines.
 The major problem is that there is only rudimentarywater supply systems based mainly on rain water
harvesting in the Grenadines where 8.6% of the
population resides and there are no surface streams.
4.2 Current actions against the problems
 The implementation of a SPACC project on Bequia toprovide Desalinated water.
-119-

5. Major recent achievement in improvement ofwater supply services/ management (part 1)
1995

INDICATORS

2011

8.7

Staff/ 1000 connections

5.8

20,000

Production capacity m³/d

26,000WHO Guidelines

Water Quality

WHO Guidelines

65%

Coverage area

98%*

24hr/dSupply duration

24hr/dvariable

Supply pressure

variable

17,259Number of connections

38,878

60%

NRW

40%

75%

Collection ratio

95 %

150

staff number

225* On mainland St. Vincent where we operate.

-120-

6. Expectations for the Japanese privatecompanies & Water Supply Utilities Technical support as it relates to remote monitoring

programs.
 Innovative materials of greater life span that can functionin our high pressure systems.
 Technology as it regards to leak detection.
 GIS support so that we can effectively map and route
pipelines.
 Filtration technology that will efficiently reduce turbidity.
 Storage solutions that will increase storage capacity on themountainous terrains of SVG.
 Solutions to the water supply issues of the Grenadines, e.g.
Desalination and water reuse technology…
-121-

Water Supply Administration
For Better Management of Water Supply Services
Course（A）

Macedonia-122-

Water Supply
Administration for
Better Managementof Water Supply
Services
Jun – Jul 2012
Country Report
OutlineCountry:
Republic of Macedonia
Position: Manager
Organization:
PROAQUA - Struga-123-

REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
with a land area of 25,333 km²,
the Republic of Macedonia is a country in Southewestern Europe
with geographic coordinates 41°50′N 22°00′E

Macedonia is mountainous territory covered with deep basins
and valleys; the country is bisected by the Vardar River.
It is a landlocked country

but has three natural lakes: Ohrid Lake, Prespa Lake and Dojran Lake.
Whole Country:
Area :

25.713 km2

Population : 2.053.000 Habitants
Coverage Water Supply:89%

Selected Water Supply System/City: Struga PROAQUAService Area :Population Served:

500 km2
120 thousand
-124-

2

Mission of my organization is:Collection, purification and distribution of drinking water ;Drainage and discharge of storm water;
Removal of sewage collection system and their treatment

To manage and coordinate activities related to the activity ofthe enterprise, to establish working strategies, procedures,
activities and operational plans, lated to physical, financial andcommercial purposes.

My actual job to achieve the mission is the maintenance anddevelopment of the enterprise and its basic functions. Efficientand proper management of sanitary drinking water, managing
water and sewerage its maintenance (functional andconstruction) and its expansion.

-125-

3

Management of water quality
The Law on Waters (Official Gazette) provides a legal basis for water
protection and management in the Republic of Macedonia.
It regulates the manager of water resources use and exploitation, protection
against harmful effects of water, protection of water against exhaustive
water extraction and pollution, water resources management, sources forand manger of financing water management activities, concessions,transboundary water resources, and other issues of relevance with regard
to the provision of a unique water use regime.

The Water Law provides three types of water management planningand development documents:

National Strategy
for Waters
Water Master
Plan andRiver basin
management
plans
-126-

4

Reduction of non-revenue water- In many urban areas the current condition of the water supply systems is not satisfying
regarding the distribution network, main convey pipelines, water storage tanks, structuresand other facilities. The network is mostly worn out, rather old, the capacity of the pipelines
is not meeting the growing demands and is constructed of very different materials: costiron, asbestos concrete, PVC, concrete etc.
- The final result is very high water losses, which are estimated 10-60% of the total consumed
water. Additionally, domestic water supply systems are also in a bad condition, which also
increase the water losses. This shortage of drinking water especially in the summer period
leads to restriction of the water supply for few hours in a day.
- Regarding the rural water supply systems, there are no data on their condition, or efficientsystem for their operation, maintenance and financing. According the experience, once
they are put in operation, there is no regular monitoring, so only necessary remedies are
performed when they are needed.

-127-

5

Water supply service standards
Performance Indicators
Total population that water supply
is approximately 50 000.
Water is provided fromsources at Gravity
sources with pumping.

For leveling the unbalanced water supply system
of Struga built tanks with a total volume of 6600m3.
Department of water each month continually ongoing maintenance of watersupply and associated hydro network with timely and quality repairs of defects.
Service water treatment continuous control of the health safety of drinking
water. For samples sent in RIHP-Skopje analyzes according to the Rules forhealth safety and water safety of drinking water
Large chemical analysis to determine the presenceof toxins and difficulties metal- Analysis of the presence of pesticides- Analysis of the presence of radioactive elements- Basic bacteriological and chemical analyzes- Analysis of the presence of residual chlorine
-128-

6

Managementof water supply service
on a self-supporting basis
In the Republic of Macedonia, the public
enterprises (actually public watercompanies) are responsible and for watersupply and collection and treatment ofwastewater

In most households, water is notmetered and the charges are set asflat annual or monthly rates. This
does not encourage the user to savewater and usually in this case theconsumption is higher than originallycalculated.
Average cost revenue collecting rate is about 55%. Such low
cost revenue collecting rates provoke problems in theoperation and maintenance of the water supply systems by
the public utilities.
-129-

7

Major recent achievement in improvement of watersupply services / management
1990

INDICATORS

2011

22

Staff/1,000 connections

4.3

65,000

Production capacity m3/d

500,000

None

Water quality

Good

20%

Coverage area90%

10hr/dSupply duration

24hr/d

0.2 bar

Supply pressure

4.5 bars

26,881

Number of connections

50 00072%

N.R.W.

6.2%

48%

Collection ratio

99.9%

42

Staff number

230

-130-

8

Major recent achievement in improvementof water supply management
Water services are all services that provides capture,
abstraction, storage, treatment and distribution of
surface or groundwater, or collection and purification ofwaste waters into surface waters.
According to the Census 2002, the number of dwellings(houses) connected to public water supply system is 86
per cent of all dwellings. The percentage of connections
to public water supply systems in the municipalitiesurban areas is much higher than the average andhigher comparing to rural areas. It varies from 82 %Ohrid and Struga
Regarding the rural areas the percentage of theconnected dwellings to the public water supply systems
is very different and varies from 10 per cent up to 100
per cent.
In average about 70 per cent of the population isconnected to public water supply, while the remaining
30 per cent has mainly local facilities in urban areas.
-131-

9

Expectation from the training program
Regarding the current condition of the drinking water supply, there areseveral problems :•high water losses and very low water use efficiency;•

water quality problems;•

inefficient operation and maintenance of the systems in rural areas;•

low cost revenues collecting rates of the public utilities;•

regular monitoring of the water quality and quantity in water supply
systems;
database on national level for all issues related to drinking watersupply•Those problems can be discussed with the JICA & Water Supply Utilities, about theirexperience is solving such problems.

-132-

10

Thank YOU!

-133-

Water Supply Administration
For Better Management of Water Supply Services
Course（A）

Ethiopia-134-

WATER SUPPLY ADMINISTRATIONFOR BETTER MANAGEMENT OF
WATER SUPPLY SURVICES(A)
COUNTRY REPORT OUTLINE
From Addis Abeba Water Supply & Sewerage Authority
Addis Abeba ( ETHIOPIA)-135-

LOCATION: in the HORN of
AFRICA.

CAPITAL: Addis Ababa.
AREA: 1,132,328 Km2.

POPULATION: more than
70 million.
CURRENCY: Birr.
ECONOMY: Agriculture(Coffee, Oil seeds, cotton,
cattle, fish …). Industry(Processed leather goods,
textile …).
-136-

Other facts



Languages:
 More than 70 languages.
 Amharic is the official language.
 Has its own alphabets.


A place where coffee wasdiscovered.

 A mother of famous world classathletes.
-137-

GEOMORPHOLOGY

Erta AleRas Dashen

 Altitude range: 110m below sea level to 4,620m above sea level.
-138-

CLIMATE Ranges from hot low land to coolhigh land.
 Three major rain fall regimes: SW & W - Mono modal, March to
October (Atlantic).
 Central, E and NE - Bi-modal,
June to September + Feb – May,
Atlantic and Indian oceans
respectively.
 S and SE – Bimodal, September
to November + March to May,
Indian ocean.
 SW Ethiopia gets the highest Mean
annual rainfall, which is > 2,400mm.
-139-THE CAPITAL Area : 518 Km2.
 Divided in to 10 sub-cities.
 Population: >3 million.
 Two main rivers drain the
area.

-140-

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF WATER INFRASTRUCTURES
 Three reservoirs are

500 000

1010000

D ire

E
Ge fers a

E EE#

1000000####

Lege D a di

E

#

ð

990000

#

#

ð

ð#

#

ð

#

ð

ð
ð ð

ð
#

ð
#

ð

ð#
#

#
ðð ð ðððð ðð# # #ð
ð ð
ð ##

ð

ð#
#

ð
ð#

#

980000#980000southern part.
 Other wells in theWestern andEastern parts.
 Few low yielding
springs in the
Northern part.

490 000

990000

 A well field in the

480 000

1000000

 Groundwater
sources:

470 000

1010000

located in the NE
and NW directions.

460 000#### ## # ##### ## # ## #### ## #460 000

470 000

LEGEN D

Well
field

480 000

490 0000

500 000

5

10 Kilom ete rs

Existing wells & springs#
Boreholes

E Springs
ð-141-

New Boreholes
Main Roads
Reservoirs
Addis Ababa Boundary

N
W

E
S

Addis Abeba Water S. & S.A
 Provide potable water supply & solid waste

disposal service to the people of Addis Abeba
 My official position is surface water pr.c.m-142-

Cont’d Generally Northern portion is a recharge area, hence

water is scarce.
 Southern portion is a discharge area, goodpotential for ground water.
 Well field =(116 m3/day).
 Other wells and springs = (10,000 m3/day).
 Groundwater accounts for about 36% ofsupply.
 Institution in charge: Addis Ababa Water &Sewerage Authority (AAWSA).
 Water Production Dept. + Central Lab.
 Surface reservoirs =(195,000 m3/day).
-143-

Addis Ababa Water & Sewerage Authority
Organizational Structure
AAWSA Director of Board

General Manager
Audit Service
Civil Service
Reform & Plan
Prog. Dept.

Legal Service

Public Relations
Service

Training
Institute

D/General Manger(Technical)
Water Prod. &Dis. Dep’t

Sewerage Serv.
Dep’t

Un-accounted for
Water and System
Mon. & Cont. Dep’t

Equipment
Maintenance
Dep’t

Water & Sew. Qul.
Cont. Serv.

Water Dem. &Catch mgt mgt.
Service

Project
Office

D/General Manger(Resource Management)
Adm. & Human
Res. Dev’t
Dep’t

Finance
Dep’t

Procurement& Mat. Mgt.
Dep’t

IT Service-144-

D/General Manger(Business Development)

Sewerage
Service

BranchOfficesTreatment Plant & Dam-145-

The Well field The well

field arein the southernpart of the capital A total of 133wells,
serve Addis.
 Abstraction: 130
m3/d.
Well Depth (m)SWL (m.b.g.l)

Discharge (l/s)

116 - 600

20 - 72

20 - 100-146-

Cont’d Water from well field is boosted four times

before it gets in to the distribution system.
 The whole system is monitored by System
Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)

technology.

-147-

THE MANAGEMENT ASPECT

500

Production.
Chemicals used.
Turbidity of raw water.
Water quality after treatment.
400
300
200
100

Time (Yrs) A general increasing trend is observed.
 Curve declines for the year 1998/1999 as a result of

the commencement of Dire dam.
-148-

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

1989

1988

1987

1986

0

1985



600

1980



700

1975



Yearly Mean Turbidity at Legedadi Dam

Turbidity (NTU)

1. Surface water sources:
 Monitored forCnt,d Measures taken:
 Catchment management study

conducted.
 Recommendations demanded muchmoney.
 Afforestation around dams
implemented.
-149-

The Water Rate system(Tarif)
For Domestic use
Monthly
Cost inConsumption Birr
m3

Cost in
DollarCase 1

0 -7

14.35

Case 2

0 -20

76.00

Case 30 -40

152 .00

Case 40 - 100

380.00Case 5

0 - 300

1140.00

Case 6

0 - 500

1900.00

Case 7

0 - 600

2280.00-150-

Con,dNon Domestic
Monthly
Consumption inm3

Cost in
Birr

Case 1

0 -7

12.25

Case 2

0 -20

61.65

Case 30 -40

156.65

Case 4

0 -100513.65

Case 50- 3002003.65

Case 6

0 - 500

3863.65-151-

Cost in
Dollar

The bill collection
 The bill collection system – The bill iscollected at AAWSA bill collecting centre.
 There are 226 bill collecting center in Addis
 Abeba-152-

Water quality Management














Monitored by AAWSAThe Regulatory body , Ministry of health also Counter checks every week
Raw water
Finished water
Turbidity 200 – 1200 Ntu
0Color
2050 – 790
7.5PH
7.0 - 7.2
7.8
PO4 mg/l 0.4
0.1
SO4 mg/l 40 - 20
10
Fe as F mg/l
0.65 – 0.4
0.01 – 0.2
NO3 as N mg/l
0.8 – 0.1
0.4
Alkalinity as CaCo3
75 – 55
40 – 60
Hardness
65 – 70
50 – 80
Fluoride
0.4 – 0.3
0.2
Residual
1.2 – 0.6
-153-Con,d The current monitoring system is by BSC team& Capacity Building Bureau The Laboratory situation – Personnel – Chemists – 2
 Microbiologist - 2
 Biologist -1
 Environmentalist—1
 Sociologist—1
 Technicians-3-154-

Cont,d Some bore holes are found polluted &disinfected by chlorine-155-Current Situation of Water
Supply service
 98% of the population gets water from thewater supply system
 2 % is not getting from the system , rather
from own source or
Spring.
 73% of demand coverage.

-156-

Private sector Participation
 All the water works are controlled by thegovernment. No intervention of private
investors up to now-157-Reduction of Non Revenue
Water 37 – 40 % of water produced daily is lost as

non revenue water . 17% is commercial loss &the remaining 20 – 23 % is system loss.
 Action – Replacement of old pipes &malfunctioning meters .
 Bill collection on time No significant achievement .

-158-

Water supply service
Standards
 New water connection – 4dys

 Maintenance – 2dys
 Meter maintenance- 3 dys
 CURRENT SITUATION
 New connection - 8hrs
 Maintenance – 4 hrs
 Water meter maintenance- 8hrs
-159-

Cont,d Current action – Implementation of BPR &BSC ( Business process Restructure ) Monitoring is done by BSC implementing
team & capacity Building bureau.

-160-

Management of water supply
service on a self supportingbasis
 Recurrent budget ( operation &maintenance) 100% covered by AAWSA Capital budget is subsidized Water Tariff is not on cost recovery basis.

-161-

Recent Achievement in
improvement of water supply
services Integrated Catchment Management plan isdeveloped New ground sources are developed Expansion of existing water treatment plant
 NRW reduction studies are implemented-162-

Expectation for the Japanese
private companies-Water quality management strategy,
monitoring system and safety plane.
-Strategies to reduce NRW- Management of water supply system in Japan-163-

THANK-164-

YOU

Water Supply Administration
For Better Management of Water Supply Services
Course（A）

Iraq

-165-

Water Is The Life-166-

My Organization•••– General Directorate of Water.
– Kirkuk Water Directorate.
Manages every thing about administration, production & distributionof drinking water for Kirkuk province. (from sources to tap).
National Government Institution.
Head of GIS unit.

-167-

Kirkuk-168-

-169-

-170-

-171-

Kirkuk Water Treatment Plant-172-

Water Treatment Flow Chart
RAW WATER
FLASH MIXINGALUM DOSAGE

CLARIFLOCCULATIONSLUDGE DELIVERYSTORAGAIR BACKWASHGRAVITY FILTRATIONWATER BACKWASH

COLLECTION CHAMB.
OVERFLOW CHAMB.

CHLORINE DOSAGGROUND STORAGTREATED WATER-173-

Kirkuk Water Supply – Stage 1• Capacity : 16200 m3/hr (consumed raw water)
15420 m3/hr (produced drinking water)
12600 m3/hr (Kirkuk city)
2820 m3/hr (gravity to the industrial zone)
24/7 duty time ---------- 12 hrs/day service time
• Designed for 600,000 people. (about 1,250,000 now)
• Transportation to Kirkuk City: 2x1200 mm , 11.4 km•Storage Tanks: 4 ground storage tanks (GST 2,3,4,5)
with total capacity 170,000 m3•Total length of distribution network: about
250,000 m (D< 1000mm)
57,000 m (D> 1000mm)
Divided to 5 Zones-174-

-175-

-176-

-177-

-178-

-179-

Problem Issues
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

New residential areas has been constructed.
Unstable Electric power source.
Unstable raw water source .
Little Budget funding.
More than 40% pipe network is old. (40 - 45)years
Many Illegal connections.
Security problems.
Temporary billing system.

-180-

Ffff

-181-

Sdedf-182-

Thanks-183-

Water Supply Administration
For Better Management of Water Supply Services
Course（A）

Jordan-184-

‫ردنيةالهاشمية‬‫المملكة األ‬‫رة المياه والري‬‫وزا‬‫سلطةالمياه‬‫الفنيه‬‫ع الشؤون‬‫قطا‬‫‪2012‬‬‫‪-185-‬‬

The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (HKJ)
Ministry of Water & Irrigation (MWI)
Water Authority of Jordan (WAJ)

Country Report For

Water Supply Administration for Better
Management of Water Supply Services(A)Training course No.: (J12-00796)

By Japan International Cooperation Agency(JICA)

From June 24, 2012 to July7, 2012

Prepared by WAJ’s Participant:Project Coordinator/Supervision Department-Technical Affairs.

-186-

-187-

(1) Management of water quality
From my point of view as a supervising and a coordinating project engineer I see that Jordan, has adopted many
international water quality standards developed by the World Health Organization (WHO), the United States
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and others. The guiding criteria shall always be the provision of safe
drinking water and protection of the surface and groundwater. ALSO concerns for public health and the health ofworkers shall be always under focus and I have to mention that on governmental aspect laws for Jordanian water
standerds are applied and updated periodically. So The major challenges in the field of water quality are :-•••equipped laboratories and qualified personnel to be of major concern .
quality of treated effluent and the performance of the wastewater treatment plants are greatly affected by the
influent water quality which may be of domestic or industrial source. The use of treated effluent offers challenges
as well as opportunities. Performance of some treatment plants is inadequate resulting in low quality effluent that
could have an adverse effect on public health.So it must be carefully monitored and upgrade treatment .
implementing an outreach program to ensure that awareness is created and people know how to properly
maintain their rooftop storage tanks to reduce the possibility of contaminated water entering the household as an
example and many other simple but important roles that need awareness about .
-188-

•

So some of water safety plans & efforts in this field are :– ensuring that all water supply projects have Environmental Impact Assessments during theplanning and design stage and Environmental Management Plans during the construction
stage.
– making a national effort to improve existing systems, expand them to cover areas not being
served, and to improve technical and managerial capabilities.
– WAJ have to continue with the enhancement of the operation and maintenance of theexisting distribution systems and reservoirs, and the rehabilitation of old and damaged
components.

-189-

(2) Reduction of non – revenue water :Jordan is one of the fourth driest countries in the World . Demand for water exceeds Jordan's
available water resources. Access to a safe water supply is an essential requirement. It is not
the intention to restrict water on essential uses, but in some areas, there are excessive claimson the available water resources.
Groundwater is being exploited at about twice its recharge rate. There are hundreds of illegal wells.
Annual per capita water availability has declined from 3600m3/year in 1946 to 145 m3/year
today. Water for irrigation utilizes 71% of the water demand and 64% of water supply.
Non-revenue water remains high throughout the country, yet in places like Aqaba has declined
significantly in recent years through improved management and capital investment.

-190-

(3)Water Supply Service Standards :You can judge the Current Situation for water supply service and standards if you know that in the year 2008 the renewablefreshwater resources available per capita in Jordan were about 145 cubic meters per year. This is less than one third of thewidely recognized "water poverty line" of 500 cubic meters per capita per year.Also Surface water supplies contribute
approximately 37% to Jordan's total water supply,while Groundwater contributes approximately 54% to total water supply.
The unsustainable abstraction of groundwater largely due to population growth and agriculture expansion is a major problem
today. This has been exacerbated by the lack of enforcement of regulations
As water tables drop, pumping costs and salinity levels increase. This sobering observation requires that water be well managed
and used as efficiently as possible, that demand be proficiently managed, that all available sources of water be developed .
Also WAJ provides wastewater collection and treatment services to fourteen major populated areas. About 4 million people (62%of the population) are served by sewerage systems producing about 100 MCM of effluent per year that is being reused
primarily in agriculture. So this brief can give description for the major challenges and actions against some problems
facing water supply services.
Unfortunately there are no accurate monitoring for performance indicators, but any way now there is good awareness for theneed to put high and updated standards & laws to protect it & to implement , so now you can find a Jordanian standard
regarding drinking water quality & there are many experts committees that developing new standards for different aspects
like services which can be applied easily in our local non highly educated societies .

-191-

(4) Management of Water Supply Service on a self – supporting basis :The major achievements on this field are :1. The concept of utilizing greywater and rainwater is fully embedded in
the codes and requirements of buildings.
2. Water supply from desalination is a major source for human , agricultural & industrial use now
in Jordan & this mainly done by private sector.
3. Drinking water resources are tried to be protected from pollution.
4. Surface water is acceptably stored and utilized.
5. Treated wastewater effluent is efficiently and cost-effectively used.
6. Our shared water rights are protected.
And current actions & acts to Achieve the Goals on a self – supporting basis :1. Jordan will continue to study opportunities for further investment in surface
water facilities and schedule a plan to enhance the storage of dams by removing sediments that
accumulated over the years.
2. In order to enhance surface water resources, an implementation to a comprehensive
monitoring and assessment program for surface water
quantity, quality, uses and protection .
3. Giving priority to modernizing and upgrading systems.
-192-

(5) Major recent achievements in improvement of water supply
services/management :-Now in my country Jordan a big project for getting wells water from the far south district
to the capital Amman by pressurized piping system in order to solve the problem of
increasing water demand for the population & which we call it AL DIECI Water
Project and which is expected to be partially put in service by mid of the year 2013.
Also rehabilitation & improvement of water supply networks projects are carried out andgiving good results ( for example the ZARQA Governate & IRBID Governate areas)and still running new projects with the same aim.

-193-

(6) Expectation for the Japanese private companies :-• The relationship between the Japanese and Jordanian governments is basic role forvery big & strong relationship & friendly business relation for both private sectors,
especially when Japanese buseniss men and company owners deal with the simple
and beloved citizen of Jordan who have great appreciation and love for every
Japanese equipment trademark because of its proficiency & good manufacturing .

• Now in water supply services many great opportunities and aspects are there forprivate companies and for example :-194-

1. to market water treatment components like filters ,softners ,pumps,ozone generators, ultraviolet

units & many other components needed for small watertreatment shops that belongs to ordinary
citizens and for large governmental water treatment plants .
2. Also in periodically basis large scale projects for water systems like networks , monitoring &control systems , water treatment plants & pumping stations are pronounced by different
governmental institutions which is by the flexible laws of investments in Jordan is allowed for theinternational Japanese contracting companies ,consultants & manufacturers can participate .
3. There are many benefit wise studies & with great profits but need funding by private banks andlarge scale companies or group of companies to carry out the job in B.O.T (Build,Operate&
Transfer) basis such as the two seas transfer pipe lines which is essential project for the whole
Jordanian water situation and to take the Turkish experiment on this field as an example .
4. Also the Japanese private companies can benefit from the calm and strong political situation of
our beloved Jordan & its very unique position in the middle of many consumers markets like gulf
countries and north african countries for re-export trading especially that many encouraging
investment laws are there such as taxes free & ownership , industrial areas and many more.

Thank You…..

-195-

Water Supply Administration
For Better Management of Water Supply Services
Course（A）

Tanzania-196-

TRAINING AND DIALOGUEPROGRAMS
Water Supply Administration for Better
Management of Water Supply Services (A)JFY 2012-197-

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIAREVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT OF ZANZIBARZANZIBAR WATER AUTHORITY(ZAWA)INTRODUCTION OF ZANZIBAR WATER AUTHORITY(ZAWA)AND TRAINING PURPOSE

BY
ABDULAZIZ I. MASOUD-198-

INTRODUCTION OF ZANZIBAR WATER AUTHORITY(ZAWA)AND OUR TRAINING PURPOSE

-199-

3

AFRICA LOCATION

ZAWA

-200-

DOMESTIC LOCATION

ZAWA

-201-

TANZANIA GENERALOVERVIEW• Tanzania was formed by Tanganyika andZanzibar which resulted The United Republic of
Tanzania• It is located between longitude 29 and 41Eastand latitude1 and12 degrees South of Equator.
• It has a total land area of 945,090 sq.km.
• The land boundaries cover 402 km.
• Its economy depends mainly on agriculture
which accounts more than 50%of the GDP.
• According to the National census 2002 it has
34.4 million people.
-202-

ZANZIBARZANZIBAR  UNGUJA & PEMBA +ABOUT 50 SMALLER ISLETSCAPITAL: ZANZIBAR TOWNAREAUNGUJA
PEMBA

:
:
:

2,580 km2
1,600 km2
980 km2

POPULATION (2002):
984,625
UNGUJA:
622.459
PEMBA:
362,166
URBAN POPULATION: 20 – 25%
LOCATION : 5 – 6°S OF EQUATOR
40 km EAST COAST OF AFRICA-203-

ZANZIBAR HISTORY
1963: Zanzibar Independence from British Colonial Rule
1964: Zanzibar Revolution from Sultanate Rule
1964: United with Tanganyika to form The United Republic of
Tanzania
Up to 1970s: The World's largest producer of cloves
1980s: Economic Recovery Programs (Tourism, Trade liberalization,
Free port, Economic processing zones, etc.)
1995: First Multiparty Election
Introduction of Multiparty Democracy
2000: Second Multiparty Election
2005: Third Multiparty Election
2008: First Power Outage Crisis
2010: Second Power Outage Crisis
2010: Zanzibar Referendum for Introduction of Government of
National Unity
2010: Fourth Multiparty Election
2011: Ship’s Sinking National Disaster.
More than 2,000 people lost-204-

ZAWA HISTORYPERIOD

WATERWORKS SYSTEM

1880

Sultan Barghash constructed large masonry water conduit from
Mtoni Spring to Maruhubi Palace (Now Maruhubi Ruins)

1920

Start of water supply using Cast Iron Pipes from Mtoni and
Bububu Springs by Gravity to Saateni Water Pumping Stationand then pumped to Stone Town and some Urban and Periurban areas
First Modern Water supply System in Zanzibar

1950

Introduction of the use of boreholes for Urban and Rural watersupply services to cope with the ever increasing demand

2004

Approval of National Water Policy

2006

Enactment of water legislation which led to establishment of
ZAWA
-205-

ZAWA HISTORY (Cont…)
PERIODPROJECT

1982 - 1986 Zanzibar Hydromaping Project which produced
Hydrogeological Map of Zanzibar funded by UNTCD
1988 - 1994 Zanzibar Rural Water Supply Project with the assistanceof funds from African Development Bank (ADB)
1990 - 1994 Zanzibar Urban Water Supply Development Project
Assisted by FINNINDA

1994

Zanzibar Water Supply Development Project funded by
the Ruler of Sharjah

1996 - 1998 Zanzibar Rural Water Supply Project with the assistanceof funds from Abu Dhabi Fund for Development
2002 - 2010 The Project for Urban Water Supply Development in the
United Rebublic of Tanzania assisted by the Govermentof Japan through JICA
-206-

ZAWA HISTORY (Cont…)
PERIODPROJECT

2008 - 2010 Project for Enhancement of Water Supply Managementof Zanzibar Water Authority funded by JICA
2008 - 2011 ZANWAT Sustainable Running Water Management andCost Recovery in Zanzibar funded by European
Commission-207-

ZAWA HISTORY (Cont…)
PERIOD

HOST INSTITUTION

COLONIAL PERIOD PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT (PWD)(SECTION)
1964 – 1975
(SECTION)

WORKS ROADS AND TECHNICAL UNIT

1975 – 1984
(FULL DEPT)

MINISTRY OF WATER AND ENERGY

1984 – 2004

MINISTRY OF WATER CONSTRUCTION
ENERGY LANDS AND ENVIRONMENT

2004 - 2010

MINISTRY OF WATER
ENERGY AND LANDS

2010 – PRESENT(AUTHORITY)MINISTRY OF LANDS HOUSING WATER AND
ENERGY-208-

CONSTRUCTIONZANZIBAR ECONOMY• Zanzibar economy was mainly
dependent on cloves which wereintroduced by Arabs during the19th
century as the main stay of economy-209-

SUB TITTLE• During 1980s, Zanzibar shift from cloves
dependence to tourism.
• The number of tourists who visitedZanzibar has been increasing fro 128,445
in 2008 to134,954 (5.1 ) in 2009/2010,(refer Chief Govt. Statistical Office 2010).
• The Zanzibar GDP ranges between an
average of 5.4 % to 6 % .
-210-

DATA OF ZAWA

1. Start to service : 2006 (6 Ys ago)
2. Population : 984,625 (2002)
3. Connections : 3,836 (2010)
4. Service rate : 65% (2010)
5. Pipelines length : 150km
6. Revenue rate : 40% (FY.2010)
7. Leakage rate : 35% (FY.2010)
8. Daily supply : 46,000m3 (FY.2010)
9. Distr. Manage. : 4 Service areas-211-

POPULATION IN ZANZIBAR
1,200,000
1,050,000

984,625

POPULATION

900,000
750,000

640,578

600,000
450,000

476,111354,815300,000
150,000
1967

1978

1988
YEAR

-212-

2002

Service Rate
Population Served
Year

Urban

Rural

Total

PeopleGrowthRate %

Coverage%

PeopleGrowthRate %

Coverage%

PeopleCoverage %1999

298 6613.8

70

604 506

3.1

30

903 16745

2000

310 0113.8

70620 2513.1

35930 262

48

2001

321 7913.8

70

636 3793.1

40

958 170

51

2002

336 1103.8

75648 5153.1

46984 625

56

2003

348 8833.8

75

668 6193.1

48

1 017 502

57

2004

362 1403.8

75

689 3473.1

49

1 051 487

58

2005

375 9013.8

75

710 7163.1

51

1 086 617

59

2008

2010

75

452 961

3.8

80

60

827 922

-213-

3.1

60

65

1 280 883

67

Pipelines Lengths
DIP / CIP (Ductile / Cast Iron)
SP (Steel Pipe)

55 km (37%)
10 km (6%)

PVC (Poly-Vinyl Chloride)

15 km (10%)

PEP (Poly-Ethylene Pipe)

25 km (17%)

ACP (Asbestos Cement Pipe)

45 km (30%)

Total

150 km-214-

Intake & Treatment Facility

N-80.52 km

Mtoni &
Bububu spring

0.74 km
1.88 km
1.54 kmdia. 300mm x 4 km
Welezo #3

FMWelezo #2
Welezo #1
0.48 km 1.98 km
Steel Tank
C

J-2

FM

FM

dia. 400mm x 2.8 km
FM
to City

0.66 kmJ-1

1.8 kmPump

FM

OthersPRV
dia. 700-500mm x 1.7 km
Mchomeke

N-9A

1.8 kmSaateni Station

0.96 km

Mtoni

N-6

N-7

N-9-2
KiangaB

N-13
dia. 400mm x 1.9 km
Mombasa

Schematic Diagram of Zanzibar Urban Water Supply-215-

Distribution Facility
Elevatedl Tank
#2

Elevatedl Tank
#1
Mtoni

Pumps

from Welezo

to CityFM

FM
Reservoir #1 Reservoir #2 Reservoir #3

Schematic Diagram of Saateni System-216-

from Bububu & Mtoni

Distribution Facility (cont…)-217-

Distribution Facility (cont…)-218-

Strength of ZAWA
1. Existence of necessary Legislation: Water Act,
National Water Policy, Water Regualtions
2. ExistenceofComprehensive
Strategic
Business Plan 2008 - 2013
3. Existence of a Clear Decision Support System(ZAWA Board)
4. Enough Water Resources
5. Using Ground Water, no need of large
treatment only disinfection is required
6. ZAWA is the sole regulator of Water Resources
7. Good Documentation on Ground Water Status-219-

ZAWA Strategic Business Plan 2008 - 2013

Vision:“To be the best water and sewerage services
provider in East Africa”

Mission:“ To develop and provide potable, adequate andaffordable water supply and sewerage services
in a sustainable and environmental friendly
manner”.
Motto:“Every Drop Count, Use Water Wisely”-220-Organization Chart of Zanzibar Water Authority
BOARD OFDIRECTORS - 6

DIRECTOR GENERAL-1

INTERNAL AUDIT
UNIT - 3

PUBLIC RELATIONUNIT - 3

RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT UNIT - 1

LEGAL OFFICE - 2

CUSTOMERDATABASE OFFICE(ICT) - 3

PROCUREMENTS AND
SUPPLY UNIT- 5

TECHNICALDIRECTOR - 1

COMMERCIAL &Customer Relation
DIRECTOR - 1

PLANNING AND DESIGNSECTION - 21

WATER RESOURCESSECTION - 9

WATER PRODUCTIONSECTION - 195

FINANCE AND
ADMINISTRATIVEDIRECTOR - 1

CUSTOMER RELATIONOFFICE - 12

CREDIT CONTROLOFFICE - 14

PEMBA BRANCHOFFICE DIRECTOR - 1

HUMAN RESOURCES &TRAINING SECTION - 20
ACCOUNTANT SECTION-7PLANNING AND POLICYSECTION - 45

NETWORKS SECTION 32

TECHNICAL ENGINEER 1

COMMERCIAL &CUSTOMER RELATIONOFFICE - 1

FINANCE &ADMINISTRATIVEOFFICER - 1

PLANNING ANDCONSTRUCTION OFFICE- 195

CUSTOMER RELATIONOFFICER - 1

HUMAN RESOURCESSECTION - 7

WATER
PRODUCTION OFFICE- 11

CUSTOMER DATABASE
OFFICER - 5

ACCOUNTANTINGSECTION - 4

NETWORK OFFICER 21

CREDIT CONTROLOFFICER - 1

PLANNING SECTION- 20

STORE KEEPER - 2-221-

Organization Chart of Technical Department
Technical Director
1 (Male)Assistant Technical Director
1 (Male)Planning and Design
Engineer1(Male)

Assistant P&D Engineer
1 (Male)Construction Sub Section(6)
Male = 6
Female = 0

GIS/GPS Subsection (2)Male = 2
Female = 0

Production Engineer
1(Female)

Water Resources Engineer
1(Male)

Drilling & Well Monitoring
Crew
Male = 8
Female = 0
PLANNING OFFICER

Tanks Subsection (9)Male = 9
Female = 0

Assistant Production
Engineer
1 (Male)Networks Engineer
1 (Male)Pipe laying Crew
Male =
Female = 0

Electrical Subsection (9)Male = 8
Female = 1

Pump Mechanics Sub
Section (5)Male = 5
Female = 0

Water Pumping Stations
Sub Section (150)Male = 140
Female = 10

Workshops Subsection (14)Male = 12
Female = 2

Generator/Auto Mechanic
Sub Section (8)Male = 8
Female = 0

Water Laboratory Sub
Section (6)Male = 4
Female = 2-222-

Tariff Classified Block
Customer category
1.Water kiosks/ standpipes

Block (m3)Tariff (US$/m3)

Non applicable

0.09

0 to 8

0.15

>8

0.18

0 to 15

0.18

>15

0.21

0 to 150.18>15 <1,000

0.24>1,000 <5,000

0.29>5,0000.59

0 to 500.21>50 <200

0.24

>200

0.29

2. Domestic
3. Institutions

4. Industrial / commercial

5. Agricultural-223-

SERVICE CHARGES
Size of water meter Service charge (US$/month)½” – ¾“
0.35
1” – 1½”
0.71
2” – 3”
1.47
4” and above
2.35

-224-

Flat rate Water fees
Customer category

Flat rate (US$/month)

Water kiosks/ standpipes

Non applicable

Domestic

Institutions

2.35
Less than 50 staffs

11.77>50 ≤100 staffs

29.41>100 staffs

117.65

Community and religious, NGOs

1.77

0 to 10 rooms

11.77>10 ≤ 20 rooms

23.53>20 rooms

44.12

Grade B

294.12

Grade A

411.77

1 Star1,176.47

2 – 3 Stars

1,764.70

4 – 5 Stars

2,941.18

Guest houses

HotelsIndustrial / commercial

Agricultural

Restaurants/ bakeries

11.77

Building constructors

70.59

Small scale industries

17.65

Petrol stations

11.77

Car washes

23.53

Small scale

11.77

Medium scale

52.94

Large scale

-225-

88.24

OTHER CHARGES
Other fees
Pipe size of ½" - ¾"

US$
17.65

Water connection fee Pipe size of 1"- 1½"
Pipe size of 2" or more

20.59
58.82

Water application form fee
Water registration fee
Water reconnection fee
Drillers
Borehole drilling fee
Well owners
Annualabstraction Domestic
permit fee
Industrial/ commercial
Drilling license fee
-226-

1.18
1.18
5.88
176.4729.41
29.41
117.65294.1230

Water Disinfection
Technique-227-

Training Purposes
To acquire basic knowledge and skills on:•
Network modelling for operational
purposes, including non revenue water
management, and planning and design
requirements•
Production conceptual modeling•
Water Demand Management including
Non Revenue Water-228-

-229-

Water Supply Administration
For Better Management of Water Supply Services
Course（B）

Country Reports

Japan International Corporation of Welfare Services (JICWELS)-230-

Contents
1. Bangladesh

232

2. Brazil

252

3. Egypt280

4. India317

5. Mongolia

328

6. Pakistan

346

7. Paraguay

375

-231-

Water Supply Administration
For Better Management of Water Supply Services
Course（B）

Bangladesh-232-

Water Supply Administration for Better
Managementof Water Supply Services (B)KhulnaCity-233-

BACKGROUND OF KHULNA WASA:
Khulna, the third-largest city in Bangladesh, is located on the banks of the
Bhairab and Rupsha rivers in the southwest of the country. The present
water supply to Khulna is mainly from groundwater sources drawn fromboth deep and shallow tube wells. In the long term as demand increases,
conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water will be required, eventhough surface water may suffer from salinity intrusion in dry season. To
cope with current insufficient supply and increasing demand, the Khulna
Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (KWASA) had been established in
February 2008. And KWASA plans to construct a new water supply
system which utilizes surface water with assistance from the Japan
International Cooperation Agency(JICA) and Asian Development
Bank(ADB).
-234-

KHULNA WASA VISION, MISSION, OBJECTIVES & VALUES:KHULNA WASA - Safe Water, Safe Life
(Other slogan suggestions: KWASA's supplies, better for lives; KWASA - Water ispure, user is secure; KWASA supplies water and sewerage for life; Safe water,
healthy life; Safe water to save lives; Safe water for secure life)

Khulna WASA Vision:
To be the pioneer in the water and sewerage sector in Bangladesh ensuring a safe
and sustainable water supply and environment friendly sewerage management for
Khulna City to the satisfaction of the customer

Khulna WASA Mission:
To ensure digital service to all customers supplying sufficient amount of potablewater and proper sewerage solutions by 2020; through use of e-technology,
automation, research, effective planning and HR development, raising finance forinvestment in service expansion, efficient operation & maintenance and sharing ofexperience with similar Organizations;-235-

Current Situation and major challenges(14″x6″)(6″x3″)--236-

Water Quality:
List of Drinking Water Quality Standards

Parameter
BOD5
Arsenic
Chloride
COD
DO
Hardness
Iron
Lead
pH
Nitrate
TDS

Unit
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
-237-

Standards
0.2
0.05
150~600
4.0
6
200~500
0.3-1.0
0.05
6.5-8.5
101000

Water Quality Monitoring System:– Current monitoring system: In Khulna there is not pressurized
system. Consumer’s generally having their own storage tanks toprovide system balancing and storage for the consumer. There
were five elevated water storage tanks with a total capacity of
2815 m3. Two to them were completely demolished. And anotherone is defunct. As of now the handover of KCC asset is still on
process and KWASA has no distribution system as built
drawings. There are approximately 270km of pipelines with pipe
sizes varying from 75 mm to 250mm in diameter are monitoredby 12 No of manpower that is guided by an executive engineer.
– Laboratory Situation: There is a small scale laboratory which
is operated by a sub assistant engineer to test the water quality.
– KWASA is a new organization and it is trying to implement the
Guidelines for drinking water quality.

-238-•Current Situation of water quality
management
Water Source Management: The management of water sources has become acritical need in the city because of growing demand for water and increasing conflictover its alternative uses. In Bangladesh water had been considered as a free gift ofnature and access to water is recognized as a basic right. But procedural and fiscal
measures are enforced to regulate its mobilization and use. According to theGovernment policy of 1999, the ownership of water does not vest in an individual
but in the state. The Government reserves the right to allocate water to ensure
equitable distribution, efficient development and use and to address poverty. The
Government can redirect its use during periods of droughts, floods, cyclones andother natural and manmade disasters. Allocation rules will be the formal mechanism
for deciding who gets water for what purpose, how much, at what time for how longand under what circumstances water use may be curtailed.
Among 54 production tube well, 10 wells are out of pH standard, 26 wells areout of Fe
standard, one well is out of Mn standard and three wells are outof cl- standard. Wells
that are within the standard are 22. Among 30 Hand
pumps, three wells are out of pH standard and three wells are out of
microbiological standard. Nine wells are within the standard. As far as
Arsenic isconcerned, all wells are within the standard.
-239-

Reduction of non-revenue water

Current action against the problems• KWASA has implemented a consumer census by ADB study
and fined out the illegal connection and initiated meteringsystem for their new connection to the customer in new
project. In this case NRW will be reduce after implementationof this project.

-240-

Reduction of non-revenue water

Achievement
The effect of consumer senses is visible now.
Every month illegal consumers are willingly
coming to KWASA office to legalize theirconnection and hence reducing the NRW.

-241-

Reduction of non-revenue water
Current situation and problems
 In Bangladesh Water Utilities Data Book 2006-07 mentioned the average
NRW is 22.5% based on 11 cities in Bangladesh. Regarding the current
Khulna water supply system there is no reliable date to examine the amountof NRW due to a lack of reliable measurement data for water use. In the
ADB report, it is estimated that the water loss to be 36% of production
from the pumps to piped water. Taking into consideration the ADB figure,
It is assumed the NRW of Khulna Water supply system is 40%.

-242-

Current situation of water rates andbill collection system:
The non-metered users who contributed the 99% of KWASA
revenue was an aggregate of broadly four types of users, namely
residential, industrial, social and commercial. The water rates andconnection fees effective in Khulna are summarized in thefollowing table:
Connection Diameter(inch)

Flat rate tariff(USD/month)

Connection Fee
(USD)

1/2"

0.5

10

3/4"

0.88

15

1"

2.5

22

1.5"

15

100

2"

25

125

-243-

Private Sector Participation:
The status of Private Sector Investment and its area: Water resource development,water treatment, water distribution, organization management
The current situation of involvement of national government in water supply
services: GOB is working to meet the MDG by 2021.
Current situation of Privatization:
The current situation of privatization: GOB is enthusiastic for privatization of
government institute step by step on loosing sector.
Type of Privatization: Open tendered system, may be state owned company andforeign.
Future direction of Privatization:
Other:If citizen cannot get sufficient water from public water supply system how d they
get water actually: From private well
The way of assuring secure water for the largest building: Deep wellSewage system concerned: City authority did not hand over the function to the
KWASA yet.
Maintenance situation of solid waste disposal:
Existing situation: Open dumping-244Future Plan: Landfill

Water Supply System
PerformanceNumber of customers who received intermittent supply: 13000
Nos.
Typical duration of supply:12 hours/day
Typical mains water pressure in pipe network:Number of water pipe breaks in the distribution network:730 Nos/yearRequired number of tests of teratd water for residual chlorince:Number of tests of treated water for residual chlorine carried out :Number of tests of treated water for residual chlorine passed:-245-

-246-

Major Components of Khulna Water
Supply Project:Raw water transmission pipeline of 33 km length with 1350mm dia.
Clear water transmission pipeline of 25km length with 300mm to
1000mm dia.
Water Intake with capacity of 110000m3/day.
Impounding Reservoir with capacity of 775,200m3/day.
Surface water treatment plant (SWTP) with capacity of 110000m3/day.
5 Distribution Reservoir with capacity of 10000m3-20000 m3

11 Over Head Tank with capacity of 300m3-500 m3
Distribution Pipe Network 700km of 50mm-400mm dia.
Service Pipe Connection 90,000 nos.

-247-

Major Component of Development of
Water Supply System in Khulna City:

Construction of 13 Nos Production Deep
Tube Well
Construction of Distribution Pipe line: New
24Km and Replacement 21km
Construction of Surface Water Treatment
Plant: New 5.25MLD and Rehabilitation
1.25MLDSupply of 2 Nos mobile generator,
2NosTractor for generator,
3000 flow meter,
Land acquisition of1.45 acres-248-

Major Component of Installation of
Production Tube Wells andDevelopment of Water Supply Network

Construction of 8 Nos Production Deep
Tube Well
Construction of Main Water Supply Pipeline: New 77Km (100 to 300mm dia)
Installation of 5000 flow meterSurvey and GIS mapping-249-

Monitoring System

 Monitored by one stop services.
Customer can complain by written orcall to the Number +88041 2831562.
Based on the customer complain,necessary action is taken to theirservice problem.

-250-

THANKS TO ALL FOR YOUR
KIND PARTICIPATION-251-

Water Supply Administration
For Better Management of Water Supply Services
Course（B）

Brazil-252-

Water Supply Administration for Better
Managementof Water Supply Services (B)18 Nov – 1 Dec 2012
Country Report Outline Format
1. Country: Brazil
3. Position: Water Losses & Energy

Efficiency Manager.

4. Organization: CAGECE
-253-

1

General Country profile: Background The CAGECE, Water and Sewage Company of theState of Ceará, has been undergoing upgrades
and innovations to continue being a competitive
and updated company, aiming the continuous
pursuit of the execution of their mission. It has inits political the water supply on the best possible
way, from the continuous improvement oftechniques and methods used.

Whole Country:
Area : 8.514.876 km2
Population: 193.946.886 Habitants

Coverage Water Supply: 97,9 %Selected Water Supply System/City: - Ceara State
Service Area : 148.825,6 km2

Population

Served: 7,2 million

-254-

2

My Mission (sharing among participating friends)
Mission of my organization is contribute to improve the healthand quality of life providing solutions in sanitation witheconomic, social and environmental sustainability.

My mission in the organization is contribute to improve thewater distribution systems through losses reduction and highenergy efficiency.

My actual job to achieve the mission is improve the systemwith the implementation of several strategic management andoperational tools, such as loss control.

-255-

3

1. Management of water quality
Current situation and major challenges / problems

Given the demands of the new Ordinance (#2914) of the Ministry of Health, andthe progressive deterioration of water quality from various sources of raw water, isbecoming increasingly difficult to treat water using conventional technologies,
requiring investments to operational improvements and the use of moresophisticated treatment.
Current actions against the problems and any achievement
Research and development of treatment technologies aimed in solving problems
found in watersheds used by the company as like as the presence of algae, iron,salinity, high turbidity,..

Monitoring System / Plan of Safety of Drinking Water by Organization / Regulatory
The water monitoring is performed by the Cagece’s Laboratories. It has 08
regional laboratories in midsize municipalities located in the interior, and theCentral Laboratory responsible for monitoring the metropolitan area monitoring
more complex analytical parameters, such as pesticides, organochlorines, heavy
metals,..
Implementation of Water Safety Plans: The Cagece drafted in 2009 a system forcollecting information from every part of the production chain of the water with aview to implementing the Water Safety Plan, covering information about thesource, raw water, operation of treatment plants, conditions of reservation andfinally, on the distribution networks. The information obtained is used for the
preparation of annual action plans for improvements, adjustments of treatment
4-256technologies, recovery tanks, replacement
nets,..

2. Reduction of non-revenue water 1 (Present Situation)
Constitution of Non-revenue Water
 Note: Customized Buttom-up IWA Water Balance

Authorized
consumption
225,467,924
64.39%
Systeminput
volume350,180,558

100%

Water
losses124,712,633
35.61%

Revenue
water

Billed authorized
consumption

261,259,694
m3 /year(74.61 %)Unbilled authorized
consumption(ex. fire fighting, cleaning)

6,680,307
m3 /year(1.91%)

Apparent losses( Unauthorized
consumption(i.e. Illegal use),
131,392,941
Customer metering inac.)25.39%

84,305,154
m3 /year(24.07 %)Non
Revenue
Water
(NRW)

-257-

Real losses(Leakage)

40,407,4805

m3 /year2. Reduction of non-revenue water 2
INSTALLATION OF PRESSURE CONTROLLERS
 DETECTION BY NOISE LOGGERS AND CORRELATORS STANDARDIZED TEAMS AND OPTIMIZED VISIBLE LEAKSCORRECTION
 WIRELESS MAPPING OF PRESSURES SYSTEM DMI'S DEPLOYMENT (PILOT) ELECTROMAGNETIC's METERS UP TO DN 100mm
 ULTRASONIC METERS FOR CALIBRATION REPLACEMENT OF ALL HYDROMETERS AGED > = 5 YEARS STANDARDIZATION OF FRAUD FIGHTING TEAMS BENCHMARKING AND JOINT PROJECTS WITH COMPANIES AND
UNIVERSITIES ANALYSIS AND APPLICATION OF NEW METHODOLOGIES AND
SOLUTIONS HIRING CONSULTANTS AND TRAINING OF EMPLOYEES DEVELOPMENT OF CONTROL, GREAT CUSTOMER, WATERBALANCE, ANALYSIS OF CONSUMPTION SOFTWARE

Main tactic: Pareto’s Theory (principle 80-20):
States that for the vast majority of phenomena, 80% comes from theeffects of 20% of causes.
-258-

6

3. Water supply service standards /Performance
Indicators

-259-

7

4. Management of water supply service on a selfsupporting basis 1
 The Cagece today is knowed as reference in theBrazilian scenario.

 Aiming at improving their management as a whole,

the Cagece implemented a strategic management
system that covers all areas of the company, so that
all work cohesively in achieving the company's
strategic objectives. Thus, the operational areas,
environment, quality and commercial achieved
status of main articulators of all internal processes.

 The rate of water, even with the improvements,

remains one of the lowest in Brazil.
-260-

8

4. Management of water supply service on a selfsupporting basis 2 - Approaches to Renewal and Agingof Facilities  How CAGECE is a relatively young company (40years), only this time is thinking about renewing theirmain supply lines.

 Cagece just now began the use of asset

management and pursuit of total quality services asboth materials.

-261-

9

5. Major recent achievement in improvement of watersupply services/management
2000

INDICATORS

2011

22

Staff/1,000 connections

3.2

905,000

Production capacity m3/d

1,728,000

None

Water quality

2914 Guidelines

93%

Coverage area

99%

22hr/dSupply duration

23hr/d (mean)

2.0 bar

Supply pressure

2.5 bars

26,881

Number of connections

191,092

40%

NRW

25%

35%

Collection ratio

66%

2,800

Staff number

3,550

-262-

10

5. Major recent achievement in improvement ofwater supply services/management (PART2)
 After inclusion of the strategic management, begana series of improvements, such as implementationof ISO 9001 in various operational areas, strength ofthe environment management, use of multiple
operational optimization features, such as pressure
control, active leaks research and certification ofmaterials, services and laboratories.

-263-

11

6. Expectation for the Japanese private companies &Water Supply Utilities
 CAGECE greatly improved its management

system in recent years with theimplementation of several strategic
management and operational tools, such as
loss control. But for it to achieve excellence
and more refinement it is necessary to
search for new knowledge, especiallythrough international successful
experiences.

-264-

12

Thank you !

-265-

Water Supply Administration
For Better Management of Water Supply Services
Course（B）

BrazilWater Supply
Administration for
Better Managementof Water Supply
Services-267-• Water Supply Administration for Better
Management of Water Supply Services

Applicant: SUZUKI, Fernando Mitio
Country: BRAZIL
Organization: Companhia De Saneamento Basico De São
Paulo - SABESP-268-

Sabesp
MissionVision"To provide water andsewage services, helping
improving the quality oflife and environment.""By 2018:
To be acknowledged as acompany that ensured
universal water andsewage services in its
concession area, in asustainable andcompetitive way, bringing
excellent environmental
solutions, and focused on
the client."-269-

• 1. Management of water quality
One of the largest water and sewage service providers
in the world…
Company Overview• Sabesp is one of the largest water and sewage
service providers in the world based on the numberof Customers• Provides water to 24.0 million people and sewage
services to 20.6 million people• Also sells wholesale treated water to 7
municipalities (3.7 million people)• Natural monopoly, low operating risk
• Serves the City of São Paulo and 362 out of 645
municipalities in the State• Covers 60% of State's urban population• Operations in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region*
represent 75.1% of our total revenues*The Metropolitan Region we consider for this estimate, includes 8
municipalities outside the legal boundaries of the São Paulo
Metropolitan Region and represent the total cities served by theCompany’s Metropolitan Division-270-

Main Operational Indicators• 1. Management of water quality…with strong corporate governance• We are a mixed capital company, majority-owned by the State of São Paulo, with significant private

ownership• State law requires the State of São Paulo to own at least 50% + 1 voting shares at all times• Currently the Government of São Paulo has 50.3% share• Listed on the “Novo Mercado” and NYSE, to the highest corporate governance standards. We are also part of
BM&FBovespa’s Sustainability Index – ISE• 100% common shares• Market Cap: R$ 15,871.1 mn (as of March, 2012)•Federal Law # 11,445/07 → Federal Decree 7,217/10• Obligatory creation of a Regulatory Agency → Municipal or State level• Clarifies the payment conditions of non-amortized investments → up to 4 years• Disbursement of federal funds conditioned to the existence of a sanitation plan → Deadline 2014
• Regulatory agency → ARSESP - activities and responsibilities include:• Services quality• Tariff structure and reviews• Planning is a concession holder attribution-271-

• 2. Reduction of non-revenue water
Water Loss Program
Water Loss (%)

Strategy to Reduce Water Loss
Physical losses• Replacement and repair of water pipes andmains• Installation of probing and pressure regulating
valves• Preventive maintenance of existing andnewly installed water meters• Improvement in the quality of the materials• Non-visible leak research• Selective change of network and ramifications.
Non physical losses• Replacement of inaccuracy water meters• Expand personnel who work on anti-fraud
Actions• Fraud prevention• Control of inactive connections-272-

Operating Renevues - 2011

• 3. Water supply service standards-273-

Operating Renevues - 2011

• 3. Water supply service standards
3-3. Any Monitoring by Performance Indicators (PI)

Water and Sewage Volume
Water 2011 - By Region
Region*Total

Operating Revenues 2011

Total

Water supply - retail4,294.0

Water supply - wholesale
Metropolitan Region

1,150.6

Sewage collection and treatment

203.5
3,615.7

Regional**

596.8

Sewage - Wholesale

Wholesale

297.3

Other services rendered

1,066.0

Sewage collection and treatment wholesale

1,158.6

Reused Water
Total* volume of water billed by region (m³ million)** composed by Interior and Coastal region

0.3
2,045.0

Construction revenue
Total

-274-

21.1

170.7
10,529.6

Operating Renevues - 2011

• 3. Water supply service standards

3-3. Any Monitoring by Performance Indicators (PI)-275-

• 4. Management of water supply service
on a self-supporting basis4-1. Current situation and major challenges/problems• Implement: a companywide Model of Management Excellence; ISO 31000 on Risk
Management, and ISO 26000 on Social Responsibility/Sustainability;• Develop channels that permit using our activities as a benchmark, which is already being
done. In 2010, we conducted a total of 17 visits to several entities that use Sabesp as abenchmark for their actions;• Promote the continuous improvement of operating and administrative processes (implement
the system in all our Business Units and set corporate goals based on the GVA metric.) and/or
activities;• Continuously promote a quality, safety, and environmental preservation culture by offering
consulting opportunities.

-276-

• 5. Major recent achievement in improvement ofwater supply services/management-277-

• Water Supply Administration for Better
Management of Water Supply Services

6. Expectation for the Japanese private companies
Looking for new possibilities to improve my knowledge
and apply in my routine, to get solutions to the challengesof our process.

-278-

THANK YOU
SUZUKI, FERNANDO MITIO-279-

Water Supply Administration
For Better Management of Water Supply Services
Course（B）

Egypt

-280-

presentation
COUNTRY REPORT• COUNTRY: EGYPT• ORGANIZATION: N.O.P.W.A.S.D.
: MINISTRY OF HOUSING,UTILITIES AND NEW COMMUNITIES: ARCHITECT• MINISTRY• PROFESSION• PRESENT POSITION : Assistant head of central of north execution

department-281-

-282-

-283-

-284-

GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT MY COUNTRY
A- GEOGRAPHICAL STATUS:
1-LOCATIONEGYPT IS LIED AT THE NORTH EAST CORNER OF AFRICA.
ITS BOUNDARIES ARE :1-MEDITERRANEAN SEA AT THE NORTH
2-RED SEA AT THE EAST
3-LIBYA AT THE WEAST
4-SUDAN AT THE SOUTH

2- SURVEYINGEGYPT IS CONSISTING OF :-NILE – VALLEY AND DELTA-EASTERN DESERT-WESTERN DESERT-SINAI PENINSULA-285-

3- AREA:ABOUT ONE MILLION Km2

4- CAPITAL:
CAIRO

5- TOTAL POPULATION:ABOUT 80 MILLION

6- CLIMATE:
IT IS MOSTLY HOT AND DRY IN SUMMERSEASON FROM MAY TO SEPTEMBER AND
THE WEATHER IS MILD DURING THE
LEAST OF THE YEAR.

-286-

B- HISTORY INFORMATION:•

PHARAONIC ERA•COPTIC ERA•ISLAMIC ERA•MODERN ERA-287-

PHARAONIC ERA-288-

MODERN ERA-289-

-290-MY ORGANIZATION

N.O.P.W.A.S.D
NATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR PORTABLE
WATER AND SANITARY DRAINAGE
MINISTRY OF HOUSING, UTILITIES AND NEWCOMMUNITIES-291-

ORGANAIZATION CHART
Gen. Dept. of M.I.S.

Board of Directors

Gen. Dept. For Organize. &Adminst.

Dept. of Gen. Affairs

Security Dept.

Chairman

Legal Gen. Dept.

Dept. of Gen. Survey

Chairman Secretary

Upper Egypt
Projects Execution

Central Dept. Of

Lower Egypt
Projects Execution

Central Dept. Of
DesignG.D. ofFinancial

G.D. Giza &El Fayum

G.D. Domiat& Dakahlia

G.D. Mech& Elc.
DesignG.D. of
Administ.

G.D. North
Upper Egypt

G.D. Kafr
Elsheikh &GhrbiaG.D. Civil
DesignG.D. south
Upper Egypt

G.D.
Qalubiya &sharqia

G.D.
HydraulicFinancial &Administration

G.D. Purchases& Stores

G.D. Personal
Affairs

Central Dept. Of

G.D. New
ValleyG.D.
Monofia &BeheraG.D. Red
Sea

G.D. Canal
Town

Gen. Dept. for Loans&
GrantsGen. Dept. of Mobil
and Workshop

Testing Dept.

Follow – UP OfficeCentral Dept. Of

Gen. Dept. for Tech.
Inspe.

Projects Sector

Inmates. Service Dept.

G.D.
Drawing&Land
Survey-292-

Central Dept. Of
Planning &Tech. Assist.

Central Dept. Of
Research

Central Dept. Of
Training

G.D.
Planning

G.D. Const.
Resear.

Damanhour
Training
Cent.

G.D. Tech.
Assist.

G.D.
Chemical
Rese.

Cairo
Training
Cent.

G.D. MECH.
& ELEC.
res.

My
Position

G.D.Feasibili
ty study

THE DESCRIPTION OF N.O.P.W.A.S.D. WORKS•SET POLICES AND PLANS FOR WATER AND WASTE
WATER ACTIVATES ON THE NATIONAL LEVEL.
•DESIGNING AND SUPERVISING BIG PROJECT OF WATER &WASTE WATER.

•TRAINING TECHNICAL STAFF TO PERFORM OPERATION
MAINTENANCE OF WATER & WASTE WATER FACILITY.

AND•PERFORMING RESEARCH AND APPLIED STUDIESRELEVANT TO WATER &WASTE WATER.
•PROVISION OF CONSULTATION SERVICES IN DESIGN,MANAGEMENT, TRAINING AND TESTING IN FILD OF WATER
AND WASTE WATER.
-293-

-294-

-295-

WATER IN EGYPT-296-

WATER RESOURCES IN EGYPT:• THE MAIN SOURCE FOR WATERSUPPLY IN EGYPT IS NILE RIVER AREABOUT 85% FROM THE SOURCES• THE WELLS IN THE DELTA & NEW VALLEY
AND SINAI ARE ABOUT 15 % FROM THE
SOURCES• THE AVERAGE RAIN FALL OVER WHOLE
EGYPT IS ONLY 10 MM/YEAR-297-

N.O.P.W.S.D. PROGRESS IN WATERSECTOR
Item

No. of Executed
Projects
Accumulated

Total Capacity
1000M3/DAY
Accumulated

Average/Capita
L/C/Day

Total
Investment
Million EL.

Till 1952

39

657

36

22

Till 1982

126

2744

75

263

Till 1987

262

3661

95

561

Till 1992

575

5247

116

1851

Till 1997

947

7150

144

5944

Till 2017

1223

14010

215

13764

Period

-298-

250

215

200
144

150
100
50
0

75

95

116

36
Average /Capita L/C/Day-299-

TILL 1952
TILL 1982
TILL 1987
TILL 1992
TILL 1997
TILL 2017

16000

14010

14000
12000
10000
8000

7150

6000

5247
3661
2744

4000
2000
0

657
Total Capacity 1000 CM/D
Accumulated-300-

Till 1952
Till 1982
Till 1987
Till 1992
Till 1997
Till 2017

A SAMPLE-301-

FACOUS CITY
•TOTAL POPULATION:

1.5 MILLION•POPULATION SERVED :1.125 MILLION•SERVICE RATIO:75%•SERVICE HOURS:

24 H/DAY•WATER CAPACITY:

200000 M3/DAY• UNACCOUNTED WATER:

-302-

25%

WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM:• TYPE OF PIPE: UPVC, CAST IRON, STEEL.

• TYPE OFJOINT: SOCKET-SPIGAT, FLANGED, WELDING.

•DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM: PUMPING-UP SYSTEM• TYPE OF HOUSE CONNECTION PIPE : UPVC.
• TYPE OF HOUSE JOINT: SOCKET-SPIGAT.

• WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR HOUSE CONNECTION:- DIRECT PRESSURE SYSTEM- WATER TANK SYSTEM• TYPE FLOWMETER : VENTURI, MAGNATIC, TURBINE METER .
-303-

LEAKAGE CONTROL:•THE SECTION IN CHARGE OF LEAKAGE CONTROL:NETWORK OPERATION& MAINTENANCE DEPT.
•LEAKAGE REPAIR WORK SYSTEM:-DETECTION THE PLACE OF LEAKAGE.
-REPAIR THE DEFECT PART IF IT POSSIBLE OR
REPLACE IT WITH NEW PART.

•LEAKAGE DETECTION WORK SYSTEM:-NIGHT FLOW TEST.
-ULTRA SOUND DETECTION.
-MANUAL.
-304-

PROBLEMS CURRENTLY FACED:• OLD NETWORK• CRAKS IN THE PIPES AND FITTINGS• CORROSION IN MITAL PIPES AND FITTINGS• UNACCOUND WATER(PUBLIC BUILDINGS, RANDOUM HOUSING
AREAS, UN WORKED WATERMETERS,………Etc.)-305-

THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION-306-

Water Supply Administration
For Better Management of Water Supply Services
Course（B）

Egypt

-307-

Water Supply Administration for Better
Managementof Water Supply Services (B)18 Nov – 1 Dec 2012
Country Report Outline Format
1. Country : Egypt , kafr Elshikh gov .
3. Position : Engineer in Master plan unit
4. Organization : kafr Elshikh water and wastewatercompany ( kwwc ) .

-308-

1

General Country profile : Background

-309-

2

General Country profile : Background

Whole Country :Area: 1,002,450 km2

Population : 91 million Habitants
Coverage Water Supply : 83 %Selected Water Supply System / City :Service Area : 3467 km2
Population Served : 2955885 Habitants (except some small communities which served irregularly )
-310-

3

My Mission (sharing among participating friends)
Mission of my organization is ……
Manage all about water and waste water systems in Kafr Elshikh
governorate , efforts to supply every citizens with water and waste water
services .

My mission in the organization is …..
Water and waste water Projects planninglocate future planssurround knowledge of the current WTPs and WWTPs in the governorateMy actual job to achieve the mission is ….
Review master plan submitted by the engineering consultant
Review replacement and renovation plans
Identify priority projects
Database for WTPs and WWTPs in the governorate
Studies of villages deprived of sanitation service
Communicate with the local units and citizens' complaints-311Water balance studies

41. Management of water quality
current situation :- total Capacity of production systems : 1041120 m3 / day- Volume of water produced by the Utility : 251 million m3 / year
- 19 surface water plant with capacity ( 19000 – 129000 m3 / day )- 40 small water plant with capacity less than 17000 m3 / day

-312-

5

2. Reduction of non-revenue water 1 (Present Situation)Constitution of Non-revenue Water (If you have the data, please fillin the table )Systeminput
volume =251
millionm3 /year

Authorized
consumption= approx 150
million m3 /
year

Water
losses =approx 100
million m3 /year

Revenue
water

Non
Revenue
Water
(NRW)

Billed authorized
consumption( 60 %)

Unbilled authorized
consumption(ex. fire fighting, cleaning)( 40 %)

Apparent losses( Unauthorized
consumption(i.e. Illegal use),
Customer metering
inaccuracies )Real losses(Leakage)-313-

We have weakleakagemeasuredepartment
62. Reduction of non-revenue water 2

 Old pipes .
 Leakage measure equipments .
 No Qualified workers .
 Maintenance .
 Illegal connections ( non technical ) .
-314-

7

3 - May or recent achievement in improvement of watersupply services / management

 The foundations of Achievement
 Measuring Achievement.
 Aiming high, trying hard

 Government’s Failures Differences of opinion.
-315-

8

3 - May or recent achievement in improvement of watersupply services / management

 The foundations of Achievement
 Measuring Achievement.
 Aiming high, trying hard

 Government’s Failures Differences of opinion.
-316-

9

Water Supply Administration
For Better Management of Water Supply Services
Course（B）

India

-317-

Country Report on
Management of Urban Water Supply Services
in Odisha, India

By

Bikash Chandra Mohapatra
Pr o j e c t D i r e c t o r - c u m - J o i n t S e c r e t a r y
Housing & Urban Development Department
Government of Odisha, India-318-

Outline
Status of Urban Water Supply in Odisha
Management of water quality
Reduction of non-revenue water
Water supply service standards
Management of water supply service on a selfsupporting basis
Major recent achievements in improvement ofwater supply services/ management
Expectation for the Japanese privatecompanies-319-

Status of Urban Water Supply in Odisha-320-

Management of Water Quality
Water Resources and its Quality
Although, India is endowed with reach sweet water sources,
over the years, water quantity is reduced & quality
deteriorated.
A major challenge is collection and treatment of waste waterin urban centres to check pollution of ground & surface
water.
Actions Taken for Prevention of Pollution of Water Sources
Sewerage projects in Bhubaneswar, Cuttack & Puri are
executed with funding from JnNURM, JICA (Japan) and
NRCD; & for some other cities in pipeline.
Groundwater supply in the urban areas is treated to maintainresidual chlorine concentration at the consumer end.
Framework for Monitoring of Water Quality
As part of the monitoring protocol, water quality ismonitored at various level.
The drinking water quality is verified with Bureau of IndianStandard, IS: 10500/1991. -321-

Reduction of Non-Revenue Water (NRW)Contributing Factors for NRW and its Status
High NRW is evident in most cities and towns of the State.
Average NRW in Odisha is 45% against the national benchmarkof reducing it to 20%.
Accurate estimation of physical & commercial loss of water is
not there.
Household metering to measure water consumption by aparticular consumer is not there.
Revenue for water consumption through Public Stand Posts are
not fully recovered.
Actions to Reduce NRWPrevention of physical loss such as leakages due to breaks inpipelines & lack of proper maintenance of WS systems.
The Public Health Engineering Organization is developing ametering strategy for domestic household consumers.
Installation of bulk flow meter are planned in all urban WS
systems by 2015, as part of “Information System Improvement
Programme”.
Household survey is conducted-322in Bhubaneswar to asses water
demand, locate source & detect illegal connections.

Water Supply Ser vice Standards
Current Situation and Challenges

Govt. of India has adopted Service Level Benchmarking(SLB) for improving water supply service.
For the first time, measurement of performance is done
through quantification on 9 pperformance indicators.
The main challenge found during implementation of SLB
for last 2 years is low reliability of the quality of data
generated.
Despite limitations, SLB has been implemented & theannual performance of municipal water supply systems
have been reported & notified in the State Gazette.
Improving the data quality is being taken up byimplementation of “Information System Improvement
Programme.”-323-

Water Supply Service Standard in Odisha as per
National Service Level Benchmark
Category of ULBs

Performance Indicators (PIs)MC

National
BenchmarkHousehold Coverage with piped w/s
(%)

49.6

M
22.5

NAC
16.3

Per Capita Supply of Water (%)

184.6 88.1

72.0

135

Metering (%)

0.4

0.1

0.0

100

Non-Revenue Water (%)

43.9

36.9

49.9

20

Continuity of Water Supply (Hrs)

2.3

3.1

2.8

24

Quality of Water (%)

99.2

93.9

84.2

100

Redressal of customer complaints (%)

88.0

82.3

87.1

80

O&M Cost Recovery (%)

45.5

28.1

29.5

100

Efficiency in Collection of revenue (%)

65.5

48.6

48.9

90

-324-

100

Management of Water Supply Ser viceon a Self-Suppor ting Basis
Current Situation and Challenges
Average O&M cost recovery across ULBs is only 30%, which isheavily subsidized by the State Govt.
Financial sustainability is high because of NRW, lowconsumer base and low water tariff.
Lack of household metering & Public Stand Posts causesignificant loss of revenue.
Current Actions against the Problem
Proposal to revise current water tariff for domestic,
commercial, institutional and industrial consumers is underconsideration.
Metering of domestic water supply has been proposed.
Current Action against Renewal and Aging of Facilities
Replacement of old water pumps and distribution lines in aphase manner is undertaken.
Old rising mains are replaced-325as part of capacity expansion.

Major Recent Achievement in Improvement of Water
Supply Services/ Management
The state Govt. is implementing a scheme for universal
access to water supply by the urban poor known as“Piyush”.
The connection charge has been reduced by 80% i.e. Rs.
500/- payable in 5 instalments of Rs. 100 only and themonthly tariff has been reduced to Rs. 30/- only.
There is a proposal for waiver of record of rights (RoR)of land for water supply connection to the urban poor.

-326-

Improvement Plan
Overall Goal: Universal Access to drinking water service at
most affordable pricePurpose of the plan: Safe Drinking Water to All

No.

Activity

1

Piped water supply to
uncovered areas of
BMC for 100% coverage
involving enhancementof source and treatment
plant capacity.

2

Provision for 24X7 W/Sinvolving Network
Modelling, Zoning ofService Areas with
provision of Zone Bulk
Flow Meters, Source
Flow Meters and User
End Meters

Resource

Responsibility

Chief
Training & Engineer,
Funding
PHEO,
fromOdishaJapaneseside
Training &FundingfromJapanese
side

Chief
Engineer,
PHEO,
Odisha

Estim
ated
Time
cost inline
Million$

Expected
Outcome100% coverage ofpipe network

2018

2018

5.00

6.00

Improved Revenue
Base
Reduction of NRW
to less than 20%
Better monitoringof pressure & flowin distribution
systemReduced O&M cost
-327-

Improved Cost
RecoveryOVIs

Coverage
Cost recovery

NRW
Cost recovery
Coverage
Extent ofMetering
Continuity inWater Supply

Water Supply Administration
For Better Management of Water Supply Services
Course（B）

Mongolia-328-

Water Supply & Sewerage Authority
Central Waste Water Treatment Plant
WATER SUPPLY WORKS IN ULAANBAATAR CITY-329-

Brief introduction of UB city
Ulaanbaatar is the capital of Mongolia.
Population - 1.2 mln citizens /2012/

Elevation-1351m above sea level
Occupies the area of 4704 sq.km
Lowest temperature -40C
Highest temperature +35C

-330-

Water Supply Administration for Better Management of
Water supply Services (JFY 2012) Country Report Outline

1. Organization and main tasks

Water Supply and Sewerage Authority of Ulaanbaatar “WSSA”
city is state enterprise established in 1959 under the Municipality of
Ulaanbaatar. It is responsible for water supply and sewerage for city
residents and all other consumers.
“WSSA” had been expanded in 1963,1964,1973,1974,
1978,1985, 1989 according to population growth and master plan of
Ulaanbaatar city hence “WSSA” has 175 wells in the 4 water
sources, 4 boosting stations, 446.6 km water distribution pipes, 154
km sewage discharging pipes, with daily capacity of the production
158,000 m3 water, in total 1940 m3 of water a day partly supplied to
the “ger"area dwellers by tanker truck through the 442 kiosks, andcollecting about 170,000 m3 waste water after the biologicaltreatment is discharged to the river “Tuul”. WSSA has 6
Departments, 6 Divisions and Project implementation unit. The
number of employee is 1400.
-331-

1.2 Network of water supply andsewerage-332-

System of water supply
Tank
1-ð º ðãº ã÷

Chlorine
Well

Tank

Boosterpump
staitionＰＰ

Pump
staition2-ð º ðãº ã÷

ＰWater kiosks

-333-

Ｐ

Management of water guality
Current situation and major
Potable water quality
Take samples from borehole, pipeline,
customers, kiosks in ger area and carry out
71 chemical, bacteriological tests inaccordance with MNS 900-2005 standard
which is revised basing on 3rd guideline forpotable water by the WHO Distribute potable water in Ulaanbaatar city
that
meet
standard
requirementscompletely.
Increasing numbers 7 research featuresand making a development for theindustrial interior control quality. ( shown 61
from 81 features)-334-

Water Safety Plan
Ìodule 1.

Assemble the WSP teamÌîdule2.

Describe the water supply sytemÌîdule 3.

Idenfity hazards and hazardous events and assess the risksÌîdule 4.

Determine and validate control measures, reassess and prioritize the risksÌîdule 5.

Develop, implement and maintain an improvement/upgrade planÌîdule 6.

Define monitoring of the control measuresÌîdule 7.

Verify the effectiveness of the WSPÌîdule 8.

Prepare management proceduresÌîdule 9.

Develop supporting programmesÌîdule 10.
Ìîdule 11.

Plan and carry out periodic review of the WSP
Revise the WSP following an incident-335-

Reduction of non-revenue water
Situation on metered customers

Ratio of pumped and sold water
60000 55449
50000

56256.6 55098.2

40485

42862

52896.743834.4

55026.352079.342200

41887.3

42991.280,4%78,20%

40000
30000

20000
10000
76.20%

02006

76.20%

2007шахсан ус

79,60%

2008

79,87%

20092010борлуулсан ус

хувь

2011

25000 water meters are necessary for metering
customers in apartment buildings and 7 billons

MNT are needed for investment.

-336-

Water consumption by ger area dweller
per person/day (l/day)
10
8

7.2

7.8

8.4

8.7

8.8

6

4
2

Water consumption by apartment dweller
per person/day (l/day)

0
2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

500.0
450.0

420.0

450.0

430.7

402.7

400.0

318.0

350.0
300.0

319.9
286.8

309.4

286.0

291.3

285.4

272.3

261

250.0

230.8

200.0

150.0
100.0
50.0
0.0
1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Нэг хүний хоногийн дундаж хэрэглээ

-337-

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Water supply service standards
Location (figures), capacity ofwater intake facilities

Water Source

Capacity м3/day

Produced,м3/day“Central” Source

11400066000-77000“Industrial district“Source

36000

24000-27000

Meat factory Source

15000

13000-14000

Upper source

90000

47000-49000

Total

255000150000-160000-338-

Produced м3/day
300

250

Îëáîðëîñîí óñ255

Íººöººñ îëáîðëîñîí óñíû ýçëýõ õóâü,%

200

167.5

158.7

150

152

150.8

154.4

157.3

151.8

153.7

151.3

144.6

142.7

100

60

65.7

62.2

59.5

50

59.1

60.6

61.7

59.5

60.1

59.05 56.7

55.9

0

òîãòîîñîí
íººö ìÿí ì3

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

since 1999, we have been evaluated with 53
indicators of the performance & makeanalysis every year
-339-

2007

2008

2009

2010

Grand Fund and Technical Assistancefrom Japan
1993-1995:“Master plan for Ulaanbaatar city watersupply”. A study team worked
1996-1999:•••“The Emergency Rehabilitation of Water
Supply Facilities in Ulaanbaatar City”
1999 îí:JICA granted pipeline leakage detection
tool and it became possible to identify
location of underground cable andpipeline.

•
2005-2007:•“Improvement of water supply facilities for •Ulaanbaatar city”
2009-08-04:“New water resource in Gachuurt”••

RESULT:
Developed a Master Plan to improve water supply for
Ulaanbaatar city in 3 stages
Chlorinating facility at the Central source was renovated/1996/ and use of chlorine reduced by 50%, meters were
installed at 56 Water and Heat Distribution Centers andin the result started to bill basing on metering. 60% of
equipment were renovated and capacity increased by
20%, became possible to have remote control forborehole operation and energy consumption was
reduced by 15-20%.
US$ 21 million
A team started to work for detecting water leakage
Pipeline water loss is 10%, and 50% of unaccounted
water /1997/ was reduced to 21% and water
consumption per person/day was reduced from 450500l/day to 279 l/day
80 percent of Upper Source equipment was renovated,
its capacity was increased by 20% and it became
possible to control operation of new16 boreholes. /US$
14 million/
A study team is working.

-340-

Central Source•New borehole: -20;
•Yield improvement:-11 ;•Bore pumps- 55;•Assembled, installed:- 35 ;•Transformer -12;
•Telemetry:-93;•2nd booster:- 5;•Pipeline - 5 km;•Flow meter: 10;-341-

Water supply improvement project forulaanbaatar city
New borewells and pipeline works at the Upper Source

Structure for protection from
Water Hummer

Pipeline works at theUpper Source(Total length 12.0 km)

New borewells at theUpper Source( 16 borewells)
Rehabilitation of Booster Pump Station at
the Upper Source( Booster pump station 5 nos.)

Rehabilitation of Distribution Pump Station
at the Central Source( Distribution Pump 2 nos.)-342-

Upper Source•New boreholes: -16;
•Diaphragm:-2;•Telemetry:
-16;
- 5;
•2nd booster pump:•In the central source: -2 íàñîñ;•Pipeline:- 12 km;•Training and technical assistance-343-

Gachuurt source project to improve watersupply of Ulaanbaatar cityWith the grant fund of Japanese Government, CTI International company made preliminary study
on Gachuurt wellfield and got approval on source.



Detailed study will start in July, 2011.

Will be implemented between 2011-2014

Estimation cost 40,777,700 USD

Components of project: 21 borehole 19 km water supply pipe
 6000m3 reservoir
 Disinfection equipment-344-

Thank you for your attention


-345-

Water Supply Administration
For Better Management of Water Supply Services
Course（B）

Pakistan-346-

-347-

FACTS & FIGURESOF KW&SB-348-

MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF KW&SB
 KW&SB was created under KW&SB Act-1996 repealing SLGO1983 (amend)

 KW&SB is now part of CDGK as 15th Department under
devolution
 Section-07 of Chapter-V of KW&SB, Act 1996 describes
following Major Functions of KW&SB: Undertake Bulk Production, Filtration / Treatment
Transmission and Retail Distribution purifying of Water
 Under take Collection, Pumping, Treatment & Disposal of
Sewage & Industrial Waste

 Billing and Collection of Water & Sewerage Charges-349-

MAP OF KARACHI DISTRICT INDICATING 18TOWNSWATER SUPPLY & SEWERAGE SERVICES
FOR 18 TOWNS OF KARACHI-350-

MANPOWER STATUS
Total Strength
Upto BS-16

8274= 7943

BS-17 - BS- 20 = 331
Officer
1

:
:

Staff
24

Technical=

223

Supporting Staff

=

8051

Technical

1

-351-

8274

: Support Staff:

360

TOTAL QUANTUM OF SERVICE TO MANAGE
AND LOOK AFTEROVER 150 PUMPING STATIONS
25 BULK RESERVOIRS ON INSTALLATIONSOVER 10,000 KM OF PIPE LINESOVER 1072 MILLION GALLONS OF FLUIDBILLING AND RECOVERY OF 1.4 MILLIONESTABLISHMENT / CONSUMERS• OVER 400,000 VALVES• OVER 250,000 MANHOLES• OVER 3,600 SQ. KMS OF AREA & 21 MILLION
population in KARACHI.
•
•
•
•
•

-352-

WATER SUPPLY•POPULATION (2012)21 MILLION•

MAXIMUM WATER DEMAND

864 MGD•AVAILABLE SUPPLY

650 MGD INDUS SOURCEGreater Karachi
Haleiji System
K-II
K-III
HUB DAMDUMLOTTEE WELLS•

300 MGD
30 MGD
120 MGD
100 MGD
80 MGD
20 MGDTOTAL :

650 MGD

WATER LOSSES (30%)(-)
Net supply (after accounting for Leakages)

195 MGD
455 MGD-353-

Existing Water Filtration Facilities• At present a total of 640 MGD of water is being supplied to the cityof Karachi (except Steel Mills & PQA) out of which 435 MGD isbeing filtered at:• COD Filter Plants ( 70 + 40 )• Pipri (New) Filter Plant• Pipri (Old) Filter Plants ( 25 + 25 )• NEK (Old) Filter plant• NEK (New) Filter Plant• Hub Filter Plant• Gharo Filter Plants ( 10 + 10 )TOTAL :

110 MGD
50 MGD
50 MGD
25 MGD
100 MGD
80 MGD
20 MGD435 MGDGAP water supply & filtration capacity
Proposed 02 Filter Plants at COD & NEK
GAP

205 MGD
185 MGD
20 MGD-354-

Sewage Generation & Treatment•Bulk water generation

650 mgd•Sewage generated (at 60% of 650 mgd)

390 mgd

Description

TP-I

TP-II

Treatment Capacity

51 mgd46 mgd 54 mgd 151 mgd

Present Treatment

25 mgd30 mgd 35 mgd

90 mgdDeficiency in Optimal Capacity

26 mgd16 mgd 19 mgd

61 mgdShortfall in Treatment Capacity 390 – 151

TP-III

TOTAL= 239 mgd

Proposed Sew. TP-4(under S-III Project) under GOP = 100 mgd-355-

Number of Water Supply Connections
Total Number of Water Supply Connections

1,035,910

Residential

928,483

Bulk / Industrial / Commercial / Government

21,000

Others86,427-356-

Projects by Technical Assistanceof WSP-SA, World Bank

-357-

• Restructuring

Institutional Reforms– Reorganization of KW&SB in 4 zones (other than Bulk Water
Wing & Bulk (E&M) Wing.
– A unified organization setup at town level compatible to thedevolution upto TMA.

• Civil Society Liaison Cell

– Civil Society Liaison Cell established in KW&SB to interact withNGOs

• Revenue Management– Bills production system out sourced– Reconciliation Revenue collection data management under City
Bank
– Revenue shift devaluated with service providing engineer– Revenue department shifted the Head Office for close liaison at
9th Mile Karsaz– Establish Customer Services Centre at 9th Mile Karsaz fully
computerized with staff form 9.00 AM to 9.00 PM in additional toComplaint Centre in office of 04 Zonal Chief Engineers and SEs
in 18 Towns.
-358-

KW&SB’s Strategy• Improved delivery of water & sewerage
services to 21 million citizens of Karachi• Environment friendly initiatives• Emphasis on public-private partnership• Transforming
institution

KW&SB

into

sustainable• Access to technology and automation-359-

DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS• KW&SB CARRYING FOLLOWING DEVELOPMENTS:– Own Resources Funds– Town / UCs Development Funds– Tameer-e-Karachi– Annual Development Program Funds– Federally Funded Schemes-360-

SCHEME UNDER PROGRESS DEVELOPMENT OF WATER & SEWERAGEINFRASTRUCTURE IN 18 TOWNS OF KARACHIUS $ 9 Million

 DEVELOPMENT OF WATER & SEWERAGEINFRASTRUCTURE IN INDUSTRIAL ZONESUS $ 23.87 Million-

Korangi Industrial Area
Landhi Industrial Area
Federal B Industrial Area
North Karachi Industrial Area

 DEVELOPMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE OF
BULK WATER TRANSMISSION NETWORK-Clifton area Improvement
Lyari area Improvement
Orangi area Improvement
Baldia / Hawksbay area Improvement-361-

US $ 21.19 Million



IMPROVEMENT OF WATER SUPPLY TO OFFSHORE ISLANDS OF KARACHI
Bhutta Village Island
SalehabadIMPROVEMENT OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM--

Contd.
US $ 2.68 Million

US $ 2.50 Million

Nahar-e-Khyyam

Gulshan-e-Iqbal
Nallah / Drains Cleaning / Dislting

TOTAL

-362-

US $ 59.24 Million

Contd.

ENHANCEMENT OF FILTERATION CAPACITY
OF DRINKING WATER PROJECT PREPARED COSTING RS. 3 BILLION FOR
ENHANCEMENT OF FILTRATION CAPACITY AT
COD
FILTRATION PLANT BY 85 MGD, CONSTRUCTION OF NEWFILTER PLANT AT NEK 100 MGD AND ENHANCEMENT OF 15
MGD AT PIPRI FILTER PLANT.
• AT PRESENT– TREATED– UN-TREATED

450 MGD
200 MGD-363-

OLD NEK FILTER PLANT

Area earmarked for
new 100 MGD filter
plant at Old NEK-364-

COD Hills

Area earmarked
for new 85 MGD
filter plant at COD
Hills

-365-

The Vicious Cycle
Financial
Constraints

Greater
Reluctanceto payDownwardspiralGreater
Dissatisfaction
-366-

Poor
Service
QualityMajor Problems of Water
Supply System
Poor conditions of the existing water distribution system.
Leakages in pipes that increases the water loss by 30%.
 Lack of KW & SB autonomy in the day-to-day
operation and management of the services.
KW & SB’s weak financial capacity.
 Absence of measured supplies and volumetric charging
system (imposition of “water tax”).
 Karachi is facing water shortage because of over-grownpopulation & less dams &other storage facilities.
-367-

 KW & SB should be given more autonomy.
 Water pipelines should be repaired and replace thosewhich are old enough and not suitable.
 KW & SB should be given more funds so that it
could do more work to benefit the people.
 People should co-operate with KW & SB by giving
water tax.
 Diameter of the pipes should be increased toovercome the demand of the huge population.
-368-

ADDITIONAL PROJECTS UNDER PROCESS
Metering Stage-I• Concept paper of Installation of Meters
upon Bulk / Industrial / Commercial
water connections.
(submitted to GOS for approval)-369-

PRIVATE SECTORPARTICIPATION PROJECTS-370-PROJECTS OF INTEREST IN WATERSUPPLY SECTOR
POWER PLANTS ON BOT BASIS• DHABEJI PUMPING STATION

35 MW• NEK PUMPING STATION

10 MW• HUB PUMPING STATION

10 MW• PIPRI PUMPING STATION

10 MW

-371-

-372-

-373-

-374-

Water Supply Administration
For Better Management of Water Supply Services
Course（B）

Paraguay-375-

National Leadership in Water and Sanitation
Situación del Agua Potable y Saneamiento en Paraguay

World Water Week

Setiembre, 2010-376-

Paraguay,administrative
division:17th Regions &238
Municipalities-377-

“WATER SECTOR & SANITATION IN PARAGUAY “
THE WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR IN PARAGUAYCURRENT POPULATION :6.300.000 people

COVERAGE LEVELS:
69.3% drinking water
network(4.296.000 people)
24% basic sanitation(1.514.000 people)-378-

DISPONIBILIDAD PER CÁPITA DE AGUA EN
LATINOAMÉRICA-379-

Water Services Coverage
47,9

50
45

42,5

Agua para tomar o Beber

40

Agua usada para otras finalidades (cocinar/lavado de manos)

35

30
25

17,9

20

22,4

18,4

23,0

15

10

7,5

5
0

5,6 6,04,0 4,80,0ESSAP/SENASA

water sinRed
comunitaria AguaBottled
embotellada Pozo excavado
Communityo prestador privado(mineral)protección
wells
Water
water
(sin brocal sin tapa)
supplynetwork

Water
wells
Pozo
excavado
protegido
with(brocal y tapa)
cover

Fuente: National Survery of Water and Sanitation (Encuesta nacional sobre-380agua potable y saneamiento), DGEEC 2009

Otros/1

Access to Drinking Water
Countrypaís
Level
Total

Mejorada
76%

No
Mejorada
24%

UrbanUrbana
accessÁrea
Mejorada91%Áreaaccess
Rural
Rural
No
Mejorada

Mejorada

60%

9%

No
Mejorada

40%

Fuente: National Survery of Water and Sanitation(Encuesta nacional sobre-381agua potable y saneamiento), DGEEC 2009

Paraguay: type of sanitation disposal
35
30

30,8
24,3

25
20

17,9

15

11,3
8,5

10

5,0

5
0

2,1
Pozo
ciego

Cess
pit

Otro/1
Ventilated
Cámaraséptica Letrina común
común de Red de alcantarillado
SepticOther
Pit sin Letrina
Sewagey pozo ciego techo o puerta hoyo
seco
(con
losa,
sanitario
Improved
Tank
Letrine(absorbente)techo, paredes yPit
puerta)Fuente: Encuesta nacional sobre agua potabley saneamiento, DGEEC 2009
-382-

NingunoNoneParaguay: Sanitation AccessMejorado
77%

No
Mejorado
23%

Fuente: Encuesta nacional sobre agua potable y saneamiento, DGEEC 2009-383-

COVERAGE AND MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

1992

(a)
2007

(b)
Goal
2015

Present
Difference(b) – (a)Additional
Population
Adicional
to Serve

57.0%

83.8%

83.8%

0.0%

546,365

14.4%

14.6%

57.2%

42.6%

1,877,804

2.9%

49.2%

51.5%

2.3%

209,273

7.0%

37.1%

53.5%

16.4%

572,273

Coverage
Service Type

Urban Area
Improved Water
SourceBasic Sanitation
Rural Area
Improved Water
SourceBasic Sanitation

Fuente: Elaborado en base a información del Censo Nacional de Población 1992, Encuesta Permanente de
Hogares 2007 y Proyección de la Población por Sexo y Grupos de Edad, según Áreas Urbana y Rural (20002030);DGEEC.
-384-AÑO 2010
PES-BID. Marzo/Nov. 2009. NOTA TÉCNICA Nª 115.

ESTIMATED INVESTMENT TO REACH THE MILLENIUM GOALS

Tipo de Servicio

Coverage
2007
PoblaciónÁrea Urbana
Improved Water
SourceBasic Sanitation

%

Total
Coverage 2015
Unit Cost Investme(Millenium Goals) PopulationUS$/nto serve
personUS$
Población%
Millones

2,960,279 83.8 3,506,645 83.8

546,365160

87.4

515,753 14.6 2,393,557 57.2

1,877,804

300

563.3

Sub totalÁrea Rural

Improved Water
SourceBasic Sanitation

650.8

1,241,032 49.2 1,450,306 51.5

209,273120

25.1

935,819 37.1 1,508,092 53.5

572,273100

57.2

Sub total
TOTAL
Fuente: PES-BID. Marzo/Nov. 2009.-385NOTA TÉCNICA Nª 115. AÑO 2010

82.3
733.1

INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK W&S SECTORSMINISTRY OF PUBLIC HEALTH

STATE

Determines de Water Quality &Health Security

Governing Body
(Sector Policy Making, Planning,
Assist, Finance, Subsidize)

ENVIRONMENT OFFICE
Regulates the Disposals

REGULATORY AGENCY
Economic Regulation, water & service
quality control. Relation between operatorsand customers.

USUARIOSOPERATORS

Receive the Utility
Pay the Tariff

Service Providers
-386-

11

INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK W&S SECTORSSEAMPARAGUAYAN STATEERSSANLaw 1561/00

Service Owner and Governing
Body (Law 1614/00)

Ley 1614/00

Law 294/93

Regulatory Agency

Law 3239/07

MOPC- USAPASESSAPLey 1615/00

LARGESTURBANOPERATORSENASA-MSPBS
Ley 369/72

SANITATIONBOARDSPROVIDESRURAL
ASSITANCE

Decreto 910/74

SMALL URBAN& RURALOPERATORDIGESALey 836/80
SANITARYSURVEILLANCE

-387-

SMALL
PROVATEOPERATOR &other operators

PRIORITY ASPECTS OF THE SECTORAL POLICY
THAT NEED A GOVERNIGN BODY DEFINITION AND CHARACTERIZATION

 SECTOR FINANCIAL SYSTEM SUBSIDY SYSTEM SERVICE PRICE
 WINDOW FOR FINANCIAL
MANAGEMENT CONCESSION CONTRACT AND LICENCECONTRACT FOR PERMISIONARY (SMALLPROVIDERS)•STRENGTHENING OF SENASA, A
RURAL AGENT OF WATER AND
SANITATION OF THE COUNTRY•INFORMATION SYSTEM OF THE
SECTOR (GIS)•SECTOR´S DIRECTOR PLAN
SUBDIVIDED BY REGIONS-388-

ADVANCES IN SECTOR POLICY DESIGN• Project IDENTIFICATION AND DEFINITION included
Financing Frameworks, and the Private Sector(Aqueduct).
• Creation of a service PROVIDER ENTITY in the Alto
Paraná region.
• Creation of a Small Urban Providers of water service
and Sanitation in a INTEGRATED PROVIDERS SYSTEM(for Middle Size Cities –ciudades intermedias-)-389-

Sector's Opportunity• Multilateral Banks, Technical Cooperation Agencies,
and Donor Countries are interested in supporting
Sector Development.
• High Concentration of Urban Population (specially lats
years):– 58 % population in 0.6% of country's territory– 70% population in 4.7% of country's territory– All of this mainly in Greater Asunción and y el Greater
Ciudad del Este areas.
-390-Threats to the Sector• The Gobernment does not have the resources to meet
the basic needs of the sector (specially in urban areas).

• Municipalities does not fully perform its responsibilityof the land use and planning.

-391-

ADVANCES IN SECTOR POLICY DESIGNSECTOR´S RESEARCHS

1. Strategic Planning of Water and Sanitation Sector Paraguay. PES – BID.
March – October 2009.
Nota Técnica Nº 115. Año 2010.

2. Sector´s Analysis Update
October 2009 to March 2010.
Programa Conjunto. Publicación OPS/OMS Representación
en Paraguay. Año 2010

-392-

ADVANCES IN SECTOR POLICY DESIGNPROJECTS IN PROGRESSPROYECTO DE MODERNIZACIÓN DEL SECTOR DE AGUA POTABLEY SANEAMIENTO. PRÉSTAMO BIRF Nº 7710-PY.

1. Institutional Strengthening of the USAPAS-MOPC, and the Regulatory
Agency – ERSSAN, and the Environment Agency – SEAM).
Amount: US$ 4,0 MILL.
2. Water and Sanitation for ASUNCIÓN and its Metropolitan Area. ESSAP S.A.
Amount: US$ 50,5 MILL.
Population Reached: 1.020.000.
3. Water and Sanitation for Rural Areas. SENASA.
Amount : US$ 9,5 MILL.
Population Reached: : 37.750.
-393-

ADVANCES IN SECTOR POLICY DESIGNPROJECTS IN PROGESS - PROGRAMA CONJUNTO
Fortaleciendo Capacidades para la Definición y Aplicación de Políticas Públicas deAgua Potable y Saneamiento

PRODUCTOSUNS

National
Counterparts

1. Gender sensitive capacity strengthened STP
to provide water & sanitation services

UNDP

2. Strengthened Community, for theirrights Promotion & Protection,
involvement in decision making andcontrol of public sector actions.

MOPC

PAHO/WHO

3. Water and Sanitation services Long andmiddle term Infrastructure Financing
strategy designed and implemented.

MSPBS

UNICEF

4. Improved Access and Quality ofservice in rural areas and indigenous-394communities.

ERSSANILOADVANCES IN SECTOR POLICY DESIGNPROJECTS IN PROGESSUSAPAS STRENGTHENING PROJECTWATSAN PROJECTKEY COMPONENTS OF THE PROJECT• Capacities Strengthening of the Sector Leading Institution and theother institutions who support the managerial structure.
• Design of a NATIONAL STRATEGY to increase the sanitation coverageand its implementation.
• Support to the Sector Leading Institution to implement acomprehensive Database for the sector, with managerial indicators.
• Support to the service prices impact on the households income.
-395-

ADVANCES IN SECTOR POLICY DESIGNPROJECTS IN FINAL PLANNING STAGESTHE ALTO PARANÁ PROJECT – JICA/MOPC
GREATER CIUDAD DEL ESTE PROJECT: Water & Sanitation Services
Modernization in CIUDAD DEL ESTE, HERNANDARIAS, MINGAGUAZÚ Y PRESIDENTE FRANCO.

It is a JICA – MOPC project.
Population Reached (Year 2020):a) Drinking Water:b) Sanitation:

498.914 people.
463.373 people.

TOTAL COSTO : US$ 235,6 MillIons-396-

ADVANCES IN SECTOR POLICY DESIGNPROJECTS IN FINAL PLANNING STAGESMIDDLE SIZE CITIES PROJECTAECID/BID/MOPC

Middle Size Cities Project. Urban and metropolitan areas.
Modernization of Water and Sanitation Service Systems.
PROJECT implemented by AECID – MOPC.
POPULATION REACHED: 250.000 people.
COSTO TOTAL DEL PROYECTO: US$ 50,0 Millones(The following cities are being analyzed: Horqueta, Yby Yaú,
Santaní, Villa del Rosario, Caaguazú, San Juan Nepomuceno,
María Auxiliadora, San Juan Bautista, San Ignacio, Pirayú, Villa
Elisa, J.A. Saldívar, Areguá, Ypacaraí, P.J. Caballerro, Curuguaty y
Villa Hayes)-397-

ADVANCES 2009 - 2010a) EL PLAN ESTRATÉGICO SECTORIAL(PES), CON EL BID-398-b) EL ANÁLISIS SECTORIAL DE
AGUA POTABLE Y SANEAMIENTO DEL PARAGUAY(OPS/OMS)WATER AND SANITATION SITUATION SECTORANALYSIS (UPDATED)TO FOCUS AND CHARACTERIZE:JUSTIFICATION• SECTOR'S REENGINEERING

Update and adjust
the “Análisis
Sectorial realizado
en 1998”, to thepresent situation of
the country.

• USAPAS INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING• FINANCIAL SYSTEM ORGANIZATION• PUBLIC POLICIES• PROVIDERS EFFICIENCY MODEL• SERVICE PROVISION EFFICIENCY AND QUALITY
STANDARDS• SECTOR'S LEGAL ORGANIZATION-399-

SECTOR'S ANALYSIS UPDATEDPROPOSALSUSAPAS Action
Priorities• USAPAS´s institutional strengthening and humanresources qualification• Establishing of regulations & signing Contracts &Permissions.

• Coordinate the Programming & implementation of
WB, IADB, JICA and Spanish Fund loans• Design and Implementations of sector's policies• Coordinate the sector's information system.
-400-

25

ACTUALIZACIÓN DEL ANÁLISIS SECTORIALPROPOSALS

Service Providers

ESSAP
USAPAS should sign the concession contract

Juntas de Saneamiento (Community Providers)
USAPAS should assigned the permission for the service.
Many of the communal providers should get their legal registration.
SENASA through small providers association could encourage.
The large increase in small providers should be organized by SENASA.
The increasing in coverage of established small community providers should be allowed
instead the creation of new ones.

Small Private Operators
USAPAS should assigned the permission for the service.
There is a need of technical assistance SENASA and loans for longer terms.
Concession period should be longer, in order to provide legal security to investments inthis areas.

Los Comités vecinales (Neighbour Providers)
They should become Community Providers with the support of SENASA.
-401-

26

ACTUALIZACIÓN DEL ANÁLISIS SECTORIALPROPOSALS

Sanitation• All infrastructure should be designed in based of Water basin.
USAPAS will provide directions.
• Comprehensive and institutional solutions should be reached
between providers (ESSAP, Aguateros, Juntas deSaneamiento, etc.).
• USAPAS should encourage the merge of small providers or
the cooperation between them to reach economies of scale.

-402-

27

ACTUALIZACIÓN DEL ANÁLISIS SECTORIALPROPOSALS

Town Characterization• It is proposed the town in 3 types:– Towns type 1, population bigger than 15,000 people with aurban % larger than 85%.

– Towns type 2, population bigger than 15,000 people with aurban % smaller or equal to 85% and larger than 45%.
– Towns type 3, includes all other tows

-403-

28

ACTUALIZACIÓN DEL ANÁLISIS SECTORIALPROPUESTASRECOMENDACIONES• Although there is no need for structural changes in the sector, there
is a need to re-define and make clear some activities and functionsof the main institution of the sector.
•• In order USAPAS perform appropriately its responsibilities, it should
be strengthened. The Executive should delegate to the MOPC theroels of Service Owner and Policy Maker, and this should delegate it
to USAPAS. USAPAS could become a Vice ministry.
• Priority actions for USAPAS strengthening should be to improve its
human resources qualification; design regulations and signconcessions and permissions contracts; Coordinate theimplementation of WB and IADB loans; Establish sector policies; andCoordinate a sector comprehensive
information system.
-404-

29

ACTUALIZACIÓN DEL ANÁLISIS SECTORIALPROPUESTASRECOMENDACIONES• SENASA: should restructure to adapt to present times;
coordinate its actions with other ministries and public
institutions; discourage the creation of new small providers inurban areas; and assist to all service providers.
• ERSSAN & USAPAS should coordinate its action in base to
the sector public policies in subjects such as: service tariffs,
subsidies, contract & permission, information, etc.).
• SEAM should coordinate with USAPAS its role in the sector
in key topics such as water souces protectin, identifications ofwater sources, permission for water resources use, anddisposal conditions.
-405-

30

ACTUALIZACIÓN DEL ANÁLISIS SECTORIALPROPUESTASRECOMMENDATIONS• Long term Strategic Planning should be done in base to
the physical planning with the coordination of USAPAS in
the framework of the Master Plans.
• Sector Investment should be organized by one institution
in order to avoid the present disorder in this area.

-406-

31

INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING PROJECT OF
USAPAS – MOPC – WATSAN PROJECTPROJECT AIM
Support the capacities development of the Ministerio de Obras
Públicas y Comunicaciones through the strengthening of the Unidad delos Servicios de Agua Potable y Alcantarillado Sanitario (USAPAS), in its
rol of sector Leading Institution and sector Coordinator.

EXPECTED RESULTS
Support to the Reform and Modernization of State institutions in orderto improve the democratic system.
-407-

FORTALECIMIENTO DE USAPAS – MOPCPROYECTO WATSAN
PARA LOGRAR:JUSTIFICATION

Reform &modernization of
Public Institutions in
Policy Design and
Implementation of
the Water andSanitation Sector.

• STRENGTHENING OF USAPAS IN ITS ROLE OF
POLICY MAKER AND COORDINATOR OF THE
SECTOR• DEVELOP A NATIONAL STRATEGY TO INCREASETHE SERVICE COVERAGE TOWARDS THE MDG•SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SECTORCOMPREHENSIVE DATABASE• ASSES THE SERVICE PRICE ON HOULSEHOLDSCONSUMPTION BASKET-408-

FORTALECIMIENTO DE USAPAS – MOPCPROYECTO WATSAN
Activities in Progress:

Inicio de
Actividades:
1 de julio de 2010
Equipo de trabajo:• 1 Gerente• 1 Especialista en
Base de Datos – GIS• 1 Especialista en
Tarifas de Servicios
Públicos• Sector Information Organization andprocessing of information received by theRegulator Agency.
• Geo referencing of the Aqueduct Project
Components, which includes Works of Fast
Impact to developed by the Boquerón
Authority.
•Tariff Studies of the Aqueduct Project .
•Analysis and Recommendations of TORs of PC
Technical Inventary before de development of
the conceptual model og SIS.
•Follow Up of the PC activities.
•Preparation – Coordination of the Workshopof Alto Paraná with JICA and ITAIPÚ.
-409-

出典：平成 24 年度 JICA 集団研修カントリーレポート

平成 24 年度 JICA 集団研修「水道管理行政（A）」



平成 24 年度 JICA 集団研修「水道管理行政（B）」

Japan International Corporation of Welfare Services (JICWELS) was established with the sanction of
the Minister for Health, Labour and Welfare in July 1983 and implements international technicalcooperation programmes with purpose of contributiing to the promotion of health and social welfare
activities in the friendly nations.
Japan International Corporation of Welfare Services (JICWELS)
Toranomon YHK Bldg. 4F, 2-3-20, Toranomon
Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001 JAPAN
Phone: +81-(0)3-6206-1137
Fax: +81-(0)3-6206-1164
http://www.jicwels.or.jp

公益社団法人国際厚生事業団（JICWELS）は、国際的な保健・福祉分野の国際協力に貢献することを目的として、1983 年（昭和 58 年）7 月 7 日に厚生省（現厚生労働省）から社団法人の認可を受け設立されました。開発途上国の行政官研修や WHO フェローの受入れ、調査
企画や研究開発並びに情報の交換及び広報活動など、海外諸国との国際交流活動を推進しています。

広報活動委員会〒105-0001
東京都港区虎ノ門 2-3-20 虎ノ門ＹＨＫビル 4 階
電話 03-6206-1137（事業部） Fax03-6206-1164
http://www.jicwels.or.jp-410-