Stainless Steel in Architectural Applications

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BACK_? __ ← →Contents
IntroductionArt
The Big Elk
MammothIsabelle
Steel Stampede

Business
M+ Pavilion
Dalton Cumbrian Facility
Porsche Pavilion
PANEUMBMW Welt
Statistics South Africa Headquarter
Le MonolithTokyo Midtown Hibiya
Shanghai Bund Financial Centre
Magnocentro Plaza Building
Middle East Airlines Training Center

Culture and History
University of Leeds
Rhike Park - Music Theatre and Exhibition Hall
Elbphilharmonie
Kunsthalle Mannheim Museum
La Sagrada Familia
The Japanese Sword Museum

Jeongok Prehistory Museum
Philharmonie de ParisInternational Memorial
Archives Lille
Island Pavilion
Congress and Music HallCTLES Extension

Renovation

Education

Shopping

McCormick Tribune Campus Center
University Library of University Paris 13

MyZeil Shopping Mall
Roberto Cavalli Caffe
Eton Place
Liverpool Interlomas
Harvey Nicholls Store
Tokyu Plaza Omotesandou Harajuku
Fashion Drive Mall

Mobility and Infrastructure
Helix Bridge
Footbridge of Trumpf
Muscat International Airport
Ventilation Tower of Tokyo Station
Bermondsey Bicycle Store
Refuge du Goûter

Residence
No. 1 Hardmann Street
M6B2 Tower of Biodiversity
MoyaMoya House
Calm House
MahaNakhon
Stadthaus Ballhausgasse
La Jolla

Cover picture: Tokyu Plaza Omotesandou Harajuku in Tokyo. Picture courtesy of Kikukawa Kogyo Co., Ltd.

Bogindhu Farmhouse
JDL Fetter Lane
Torre Europa
Edogawa Garage ClubCHUM University of Montreal Health CenterSports and LeisureNissan Stadium
Longchamp Hippodrome
Yanuma Stadium
Estadio Wanda Metropolitano
Optus Stadium Park

Other
New Bright Annealing Line

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BACK_? __ ← →Introduction
The ISSF is particularly
proud to present the fifth
edition of its Architectural
Brochure. It is hard tobelieve that we haveassembled sufficient
examples to fill five
Brochures dedicated to
JOHN ROWE
Secretary-General
this continually growing
market. A glimpse throughour previous editions
will show that the booklets have grown from 28
examples in 2015 to 61 in the current edition, andthis is indicative of the ever growing attention
which architects are giving to the strength,
formability, corrosion resistance, sustainability
and aesthetic properties of stainless steel.
Going through the pages of this fascinating
Brochure you will be struck (as I was), by thesheer size of Linda Bakke’s sculpture of an Elk
from Stor-Elvdal Municipality, not far from Osloin Norway, as well as her sculpture of the skull
and tusks of a mammoth that were recovered ina nearby melting glacier, dating back more than
50 000 years. There are so many examples of fine
sculptures and street furniture which highlightthe seemingly limitless imaginations of those whowork with this truly remarkable material.
Other stand-out examples from the following
pages are the Dalton Cumbrian Facility, whichuses a most unusual 316 stainless steel which
has been mirror-finished and coloured black.
The effect is stunning. And the mis-shapen
design of the Stadhaus Ballhausgasse, in Graz,
Austria, which looks as though the photographhas been taken through a mis-shaped mirror.
And another unusual design is the Music Theatre
and Exhibition Hall in Tbilisi, Georgia. All of theexamples shown in this Brochure are interestingin themselves, but one more which I would liketo mention is the unusual sculpture outside theTokyo Station, which has fresh plants growing
from one side, emphasising the environmentallyfriendly nature of stainless steel.
In my introduction to the 4th Edition, I mentionedthat “For me, the milestone achievement over theyears since the Millennium has been the amazing
growth of the development of stainless steel as
an “art meets function” tool in the architectural
sector. Our Architectural Brochures series will
reveal immediately how the architect, as artist,
has used stainless steel creatively to design
something which is more than a building, morethan a sculpture or more than a structure. And
the best thing is that whilst creating a thing ofbeauty, the designer is adding to the sustainabilityof our world, because the stainless steel heuses is capable of being 100% recycled when it
comes to the end of its useful life, thus adding
immeasurably to the value of life on earth.”

I must once again express my appreciation to
our Fellow from Nisshin, Naoki Yasuda, who has
worked so hard to collect the contributions forthis issue and to obtain permissions to reprint
the material; to Jo Claes, our Administration
and Communications Manager, who ensuresthat deadlines are met and is responsible
for the superb design of these pages; to ourmembers who worked so hard to find unusual andinformative examples and to submit the details
to us; and, finally, to the architects, designers
and photographers, who so willingly gave theirpermissions for us to reproduce their work inthese pages.
Our goal is to provide inspiration to you and yourcustomers to continue the excellent work that has
already been done in the ABC sector and I willend by encouraging you all to continue to makea note everytime you see something unusual or
especially beautiful and send us the location andas much information as you can. Wherever there
is a shortfall in our available background stories
we usually turn to Mr. Google for his help.
John Rowe
Secretary-General
International Stainless Steel Forum
Brussels

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BACK_? __ ← →The Big ElkAtna, Norway
The Big Elk is the world’s largest elk sculpture. It stands on Bjøråa
picnic area in Stor-Elvdal municipality midway between Oslo andTrondheim along Highway 3. It was manufactured in China by Dry
Art Limited and the size is 10.3 meters high and 11.5 meters long.
The sculpture was given as a gift to Stor-Elvdal municipality from
Sparebanken Hedmark’s art fund. It was unveiled on October 15, 2015.
The Big Elk is part of NPRA project “Trafikantens experiences”.
The landmark in Eastern Valleys intends to function as: Mental attention turns to the road and road safety in the area Reference point between Oslo and Trondheim
 Ability to stop and see / experience, stretch your legs, and with thiscombat fatigue
 Setting focus on venison issues (Stor-Elvdal is the third largest elk
municipality)
 Be an identity reinforcing symbol regionally Lockers enthusiasm locally, nationally and beyond borders
 Open for development and innovation in Eastern Valleys.
Sparebanken Hedmark art fund has provided 2 million NOK in a gift toproduce the sculpture.
Environment:		 park side
Material:		 316 high-polished stainless steel
Manufacturer:		 Dry Art Ltd.
Artist:		 Linda Bakke
Photographs:		 Linda Bakke
More information:		 lindabakke.webs.com

ART

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BACK_? __ ← →MammothFavang, Norway“Mammoth” by Linda Bakke is an exact recreationof a mammoth scull, but double in size.
Gudbrandsdalen is unique nationally in termsof mammoth finds, and Fåvang is the locationin Norway with the most recorded examples
of surviving remains. From the sculpture“Mammoth”, you can see straight across to thegravel pit in which the mammoth tusks were
found. The gravel deposits were left by a river ofglacier water that also brought the items dating
50,000 to 100,000 years back in time. “Dragon”
in Ringebu and “Mammoth” in Fåvang are two
sculptures that call attention to the link between
the villages, and reflect the distinctive characterand interconnection, and at the same time
allude to the local identity and history, of the two
communities. The sculpture is made of stainlesssteel, grade 316, and has been created using
many small pieces that have been hammered,adapted, welded, brushed, and polished.
Linda Bakke (born 1973) is from Stange, andworks with sculptures and art in public-space
projects that are location specific, visually striking,and often laden with mystical, historic, or mythicalcontent.

Environment:		 park side
Material:		 316 high-polished stainless 				steelManufacturer:		 Sino Sculpture
Artist:		 Linda Bakke
Photographs:		 Linda Bakke
More information:		 lindabakke.webs.com

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BACK_? __ ← →Isabelle
Palm Springs, USA
Tourists and locals are gawking at the new public
art installation in front of the Rowan Hotel in Palm
Springs in California where a newly redeveloped
downtown, now houses a stainless steel sculptureby German artist Julian Voss-Andreae, titled“Isabelle”.
The sculpture creates a visual illusion that isvery much part of Andreae’s art aesthetic. Stripsof stainless steel are engineered to shape asilhouette of a woman posing on her side, but aglance on another angle, the statue disappears.
Andreae mixes art with science, to create a pieceof art that almost challenges the laws of physics,
and Isabelle is not the exception.
The Palm Springs city officials said there are
more art installations on their way as part of theirredeveloped downtown project.

Environment:		urban
Material:		 304 stainless steel passivated		 to ASTM A-380 with a 				 thickness 6.35 mm for the 				 base and 2.67 mm for the 				slices
Artist: 		 Julian Voss-Andreae
Photographs:		 Julian Voss-Andreae
More information:		 julianvossandreae.com

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BACK_? __ ← →Steel Stampede
Aurora, USA
This wild stampede of thirteen horse silhouettes
created by renowned sculptor, Douwe Blumberg,
are individually created using stainless steel andcor-ten steel. Thus, creating a varying degreeof color and pattern unique to each horse. The
sculptures are fabricated using two identicalsilhouettes that are fitted together with aninternal steel supporting structure. The sculpture
is located galloping through the entrance of theStar K Ranch for the Morrison Nature Center in
Aurora, Colorado.

Environment:		 park side
Material:		 stainless steel
Artist: 		 DOUWE Studio
Photographs:		 DOUWE StudioMore information:		 douwestudios.com

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BACK_? __ ← →M+ Pavilion
Hong Kong, China
M+ Pavilion is a two-storey exhibition and event
space in the midst of the Hong Kong West
Kowloon Cultural District. In September 2013,
the Hong Kong West Kowloon Cultural District
Authority launched an open competition for thedesign of the M+ Pavilion. The winning design
went to the team of VPANG architects ltd + JET
Architecture Inc + Lisa Cheung which stoodout from among 100 international entries. The
building was completed and opened to public in
September 2016.
The architecture is represented as a Floating
Art Platform. It is elevated on a berm, blending
itself into the surroundings of the City Park by
mirrored stainless steel external walls. In linewith the overall City Park design concept of theWest Kowloon Cultural District, the Floating Art
Platform aims at offering a respite from hectic city
life. It should be a simple, pure and clean space; aspace situated away from city noise and pollution,a space that gives us a chance to open our hearts,
relax our minds, and appreciate artwork amidst
the backdrop of the cityscape. Mirrored stainlesssteel external walls are not only camouflaging,but also reverberating and witnessing thetransformation of the surroundings and city intime. The elevated main exhibition space made thestructure as if floating amongst trees and foliage

while the white walls filtered the environment
noises. Art could be displayed, promoted, sharedand embraced. It belongs to the city, near anddear to the heart of Hong Kong.
Elevated walls are designed strategically with
openings projecting the Pavilion to intertwine with
its surroundings in a human scale:1.

A welcoming northeast conjunction to the Park
linking the future M+ Museum

2.

The northwest façade is close to main road forservices access;

3.

Southside waterfront facing connection in form ofcurved steps, which wrap around the central green
berm, gradually bring the visitor from ground levelof the park to the raised pavilion platform.

The VPANG design also explored the notion of
ecology with the same smart simplistic approachas our overall concept, where the building,
topographic landscape, wide spreading tree
canopies works together forming a continuous
whole. This extensive greenery addresses ouremphasis on the incorporation of manmade andnatural environment.
The main exhibition space has full length
openable glazed doors to create connection
between indoor and outdoor exhibition spaces toallow multiple disciplines and multiple exhibition
or event formats.

Environment:		urban
Material:		 3.0 mm thick stainless steel
Manufacturer:		 Union Contractors Ltd.
Architect:		 VPANG Architects and JET 				 Architects and Lisa Cheung
Photographs:		 VPANG Architects Ltd.
More information:		 vpang.com

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BACK_? __ ← →Dalton Cumbrian Facility
Cumbria, United Kingdom
Mirror-black stainless steel Proteus HR panels
clad a two-storey office/laboratory building that
forms the major part of the £4.7million Dalton
Cumbrian Facility (DCF), a joint venture between
The University of Manchester’s Dalton Nuclear
Institute and National Decommissioning Authority(NDA).
Designed to accommodate around 50
postgraduate researchers, lecturers and operating
personnel in a modern iconic environment, thefacility comprises an ion-beam accelerator hallwith analytical and inspection laboratories,
computer modelling facilities, meeting andseminar rooms, and offices.
Its location was chosen by the university to takefull advantage of the area’s nuclear ties, with the
National Nuclear Laboratory’s extensive R&D andengineering facilities at the Central Laboratory on
the Sellafield site and at Workington.
It is fostering strong links between academia
and industry that will maximise the impactof academic nuclear research in the areas ofradiation science, radiochemistry, nuclear
engineering decommissioning, and the
management of radioactive waste.
It is set to achieve global recognition as a trusted
provider of fundamental and applied research insupport of the civil nuclear energy programme

as well as being a major contributor in the
training of existing and future nuclear experts andprofessionals.
BREEAM rated “Very good”, its architecturalexpression is strongly influenced by the colour andtexture of the surrounding rugged countryside.
The Proteus panels on the façade of the twostorey building are carried through to the soffit ofa cantilever exaggerating the slope of the site.
John Clarke, the NDA’s executive director forbusiness planning, and Britain’s Energy Coast
Board member, said: “The need for a world classnuclear research centre was a key part of the
NDA’s skills strategy.”

Environment:		rural
Material:		 316 mirror black polished 				 stainless steel with a 				 thickness of 0.8 mm
Manufacturer:		Rimex
Architects:		 Wilson Mason and Partners 		
		Architects
Photographs:		PROTEUS
More information:		 proteusfaçades.com

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BACK_? __ ← →Porsche Pavilion
Wolfsburg, Germany
The organically shaped building is sitting – inmirrored location to the Volkswagen Pavilion- at
the central axis of the theme park and offers
400 m² of space for exhibitions and presentations.
Its characteristic silhouette will become adistinctive icon amid the lagoon landscape of the
Autostadt.
Curving lines and exciting bends make thePavilion a dynamic yet reduced sculpture with its
characteristics derived from the Porsche brandimage. As designed by HENN, the structure
captures the dynamic flow of driving with aseamless building skin. Its lines pick up speed
and slow down just to plunge forward in large
curves with ever-changing radii. A matte-finishedstainless steel cladding forms the flush envelopeof this vibrant structure, creating the impressionof a homogeneous unity, whilst creating acontinuously changing appearance depending onlight and weather conditions. At the entrance thepavilion cantilevers 25 m over the lagoon’s water
surface in front. Below the cantilever of the large
asymmetrical roof, a sheltered external space
opens up. This space is visually connected to thesurrounding landscape, but forms its own acoustic
enclosure, providing seating for a few hundred
guests. Architecture and landscape, interior andexterior as well as roof and façade are brought

together by HENN in their architectural concept ofa coherent, flowing continuum. The external areaaround the pavilion was designed by landscapearchitects WES and integrated into the overall
concept of the theme park.
This is how the new piazzetta creates a connection
between the Porsche Pavilion and the adjacent
Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles Pavilion bymeans of water features and trees. By walking
around the sculptural Porsche Pavilion, further
highlights of the Autostadt can be discovered.
Similar to the monocoque construction technology
used for lightweight structures in the automotive
and aerospace industries, the building envelope
forms a spatial enclosure whilst at the same time
acting as load-bearing structure. A total of 620
sheets of stainless steel cladding with welded ribs
were prefabricated in a ship-yard in Stralsund andassembled on site.
Tradition and innovation, performance and dayto-day-practicality, design and functionality,
exclusiveness and social acceptance: These four
antagonistic terms characterise Porsche’s values
and philosophy.

Environment:		urban
Material:		 304 matt finished stainless 		
		 steel with a thickness of 10-				 30 mm plate
Architects:		 HENN Architects
Photographs:		 HENN Architects
More information:		 henn.com

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BACK_? __ ← →PANEUM
Asten, Austria
The Customer Information Centre and Event
Forum PANEUM - Wunderkammer des Brotes for the company Backaldrin in Asten consists of
two elements: a box shaped plinth building withfoyer and event rooms plus the “Wunderkammer
des Brotes”, a two storey freeform exhibition area
floating on top. The chosen materials augment thecontrast of these two elements: The square basebuilding shows a cast-in-place concrete façade
while the rounded wood structure of the museum
is clad with stainless steel shingles.
The base building houses the event rooms andthe adjoining rooms. This area can be used for avariety of events as presentations, receptions orworkshops for up to 120 visitors.
The design of the exhibition area is based on
the idea of a cabinet of curiosities, a concept forcollections originating in the Baroque period. This
concept is especially appropriate for the unusualand small-scale objects in the collection related
to the topic “bread” which are presented in the
exhibition area. For the exhibition concept anddesign Gruppe Gut from Bozen was responsible.
The centre of the “Wunderkammer des Brotes”
is formed by a circular atrium, in which selected
items from the collection are individuallysuspended from the top, as in a differentiatedcrystal chandelier. The atrium is enclosed bya spiral stair where visitors can look at theexhibited items from various perspectives. The
stair provides access to the two exhibition levels,
where the objects are presented with the helpof walls, tables and cabinets that are integrated
into the architecture. Additionally, all floors canbe accessed by elevators. The atrium is naturally
illuminated from above while the exhibition spaces
have artificial light.
The self-supporting wood shell of the exhibition
structure is visible in the interior. It is composedof layered circles of cross laminated timber. Thismethod of construction enables the realization of
the free form. The high degree of prefabrication
with 3D CNC technology (Computerized Numerical
Control) lead to a short building time. Leaving
the precisely shaped wood timber exposed on theinterior, with just a layer of paint, made additional
interior finishes unnecessary.

Environment:		urban
Material:		 316L (EN 1.4404) glass bead		 blasted stainless steel with 				 a thickness of 1.0 mm and a 				 total of 3680 panels
Manufacturers:		 Aperam, Mirrorinox,
		 Lummel GmbH & Co. KG
Architects:		 Coop Himmelb(L) AU
Photographs:		 Markus Pillhofer
More information:		 coop-himmelblau.at or		aperam.com/uginox.com

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BACK_? __ ← →BMW Welt
Munich, Germany
The realization of the technical building facilities
for this Event Exhibition and Automobile Delivery
Center led to a planning model with five thematic
blocks: Hall, Car Delivery (Premiere), Forum,
Gastronomy and Double Cone.
The main element of the building is a large,
permeable Hall with a sculptural roof and adouble cone figure which emerges in relation to
the existing headquarters complex. The hall is amarketplace for differentiated and changing uses
and an un-mistakable sign for the BMW Group.
The interior topography creates differentiatedspatial densities and fluid subspaces.
Sustainability is an essential aim of this concept.
The entire building makes use of natural
resources in its operation. Consequently, thebuilding can operate with the lowest possibleenergy consumption and the natural resources
are used directly and indirectly to meet all
requirements.
Since the view onto the roof of BMW Welt as thefifth façade plays just as important a role in thecommunicative impact of the building’s outerskin as the four walls, a traditional fan-like raisedarrangement of solar cells facing south was out of
the question.
In conventional systems the output of south-facing

cells in a reference year was about 16% higher
than that of cells that were placed horizontally.
However, the choice of special high-quality blackglass-foil solar panels helped to almost balanceout this difference. The installed solar powersystem has a nominal output of 810 kWp with
3,660 solar panels and an area of approx. 8,000
square meters. The solar panels were integrated
flush with the surface of a stainless steel coverthat fits over the actual roof drainage level. In thisway, visible penetrations through the roof andvisible exhaust structures were avoided.
The interiors are a composition of monumental
stairways, curved bridges and balconies that areheld in the air. All spaces have protections of
perforated stainless steel panels, which slow UV
ingress.

Environment:		urban
Material:		 316L (exterior) and 304 				 (interior) stainless steel,		 glass bead blasted and 				 perforated with a thickness of		 3.0 mm
Manufacturer:		 Lummel GmbH & Co. KG
Architects:		 Coop Himmelb(L) AU
Photographs:		 2007 Ari Marcopoulos and 		
Duccio Malagamba
More information:		 coop-himmelblau.at

Picture courtesy of 2007 Ari Marcopoulos

Picture courtesy of Duccio Malagamba

Picture courtesy of Duccio Malagamba

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BACK_? __ ← →Statistics South Africa Headquarter
Pretoria, South Africa
Today, South Africa is one of the most important
emerging economies. The national statistics
authority, Statistics South Africa (Stats SA)
in Pretoria, plays a key role when it comes tomeasuring the great progress. The South Africanarchitectural firms GLH and Terra Ether designed
the building jointly and gave it an unmistakeable
face with a façade made of metal mesh from GKD.
Adorned with more than half a million buttons, it
conveys the authority’s message in a visual andsymbolic manner.

Environment:		urban
Material:		 316 stainless steel
Manufacturer:		GKD-Omega
Architects:		 GLH and Terra Ether / GKD
Photographs:		 GLH-TE JVMore information:		 gkd.de or impetus-pr.de

A total of 2,280 square meters of Omega meshwere used to create 41 panels with various widths
and a height of 10.14 meters. When cladding thedrum, the panels were bent and fixed in placeusing staples in such a way that they consistently
follow the form of the building in parallel andon the same level. Terra Ether Architects not
only chose the GKD mesh due to its special
appearance and flexibility for the façades: on the
drum the cladding also functions as effective solar
protection as well as serving as a fall guard on
the balconies. For its use in the office blocks, theproven solar protection function was decisive.

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BACK_? __ ← →Le Monolith
Lyon, France
The monolith is a real urban ensemble sitedon the C island in the new Conference quarterto the south of the Lyon peninsula between
the Saone and the Rhone. The project consistsof constructing a 28,000 m² island in the
Confluence area of Lyon, with an arrangementof housing, offices and commercial premises.
It is part of the LyonIsland project designed toincrease the housing quota in this part of the
Lyon peninsula whilst at the same time trying
to respect the social mix requirements andnew environmental legislation. The monolith ispart of the High Environmental Quality building

scheme for residential, office and commercial
premises. Compact, and laid out around acentral courtyard with access from threemonumental doors, five architectural teams
each shared a part of the project.
The façades and soffits of the bridge are in
Uginox Bright stainless steel which reflected in
the garden. The stainless elements are classic
blade shapes which interlock one into the other.
Industrially produced they are perfectly flat witheasy fixing.
From this single volume, each architect foundtheir inventive area and developed one of theparts from the common whole. Our part wasessentially made up of offices, laid out in asculpted voluminous format to form a hugeantagonism above the internal street whichlooked out onto the large central park as though
to absorb it.
The façades are clad in Uginox bright mirror
sheets. Most of which are crafted to form
large helixes which sketch out the imaginary
flowers, a reminder of the park on to which theMonolith opens out. The mirror finish allows themultiple reflections of the countryside opposite,
lightening the antagonistic roof which fades
into the reflections and creating a kaleidoscopearea, somewhat imaginary in the middle of thisarchitectural rigour.

Environment:		urban
Material:		 304 Uginox Bright 				 stainless steel with a		 thickness of 0.8 mm
Manufacturer:		 Uginox / Aperam
Architects:		 Manuelle Gautrand
		Architecture
Photographs:		 Vincent Fillon
More information:		 manuelle-gautrand. com
		or aperam.com

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BACK_? __ ← →Tokyo Midtown Hibiya
Tokyo, JapanTokyo Midtown Hibiya was built on a corner facing
Hibiya Park, on the site of old business buildings
named “Sanshin Building” and “Hibiya Mitsui
Building”. The lower part of the new building
follows the wall image of “Sanshin Building”
which was highly evaluated as the Art Deco style,and its west side façade is facing to the Hibiya
Park which is known as a green oasis in urban
Tokyo. Thus it was needed to have harmony andcontinuity between the green of the park and the
façade in west part of building. In the conceptof Tokyo Midtown, the Tokyo Midtown Hibiya is

Environment:		urban
Material:		 304 (NSS445M2) stainless 				steelFinish:		 304-HL (NSS445M2-HL+PHL)
		 (vibration) with a thickness of		 2.0 mm
Manufacturer:		 Kikukawa Kogyo Co., Ltd. / 				 Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd.
Architects:		 Nikken Sekkei Ltd.
Photographs:		 Kikukawa Kogyo Co., Ltd.
More information:		 kikukawa.com or		nisshin-steel.co.jp

the second project of a series of the Roppongi
project. The main subject is “Getting better astimes passes”. It is the opposite image from theaging. With the characteristics of each city, it isconsidered the realization of remarkable exterior
design.
The stainless steel mullion, which extends over
11 spans to the second floor part on the west sidefaçade (park side), is a combination of stainlesssteel pipes (dia. 76.3 mm) and stainless steel
plates (thickness 12 mm). The frame of the glass
handrail is stainless steel. The designer has
given a lot of emphasis to materials including
stainless steel products in detail since the masterplan stage. In order to realize the design, theconsideration has been repeated in the quality
controls and technical proposals from an earlystage.
Stainless steel plate with three large long holes
is an element of the shaft joining each rod, glass
frame, and glass handrail frame; its accuracy
directly leads to the quality of the whole unit as

it is. In order to smartly connect the mullion andthe rod while maintaining the accuracy, stainlesssteel lost wax casting was adopted for the joint
member, and the mechanism inside the pipe wasdevised in order to bring out the street of the rod.
As machining requires precision, Kikukawa Kogyo
responded by making full use of the know-how of
the latest equipment, such as using a 3D cutting
laser cutter at the notch of the pipe.
The low-rise section border, drainage andeaves are located in a difficult place to maintain,
therefore NSS445M2, which is a ferritic stainlesssteel and is more corrosion-resistant than grade
316, was adopted for the material. Among them,the eaves border panel, like a glass canopy, has around-shaped design in the horizontal direction,
and a Hair Line finish is adopted, and in orderto suppress the reflection of lighting, the PHL
finish was adopted, so it was a product with highprocessing difficulty to ensure quality.

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BACK_? __ ← →Shanghai Bund Financial Centre
Shanghai, China
The Bund has been Shanghai’s most prestigious
stretch of waterfront since the nineteenth century
and the design of the Shanghai Bund Financial
Center has been created as a symbolic connection
between the old part of Shanghai and the newfinancial district. The master plan for the site
was created by Heatherwick Studio and Foster &Partners and includes offices, a boutique hotel,
luxury retail space and restaurants around aplaza. At the core of the scheme is an Arts andCultural center. The development’s construction
began in 2010 and was completed in 2016.
15,000 square meters of PVD stainless steel in
Rose Gold were used across the development
for façades, cladding, glazing bars, panellingand of course the extraordinary veil of bamboo
tubes which drapes around the Arts and Cultural
Centre. The 420,000 square meter site had been
unoccupied for some years but now has become
a fitting landmark representing the long-standing
prosperity of the Bund.
The style of architecture within the Financial
Centre is a departure from the “show off”
architecture so often deployed in China’s grandschemes – the often seen towers of glittering
glass and with smooth, anodyne exteriors and a
non-colour palette. The Bund’s square buildings
are stepped, tapered and layered to create not

an intimidating urban backdrop but one thatembraces – despite the admittedly very tallanchoring pair of towers at the south end. This
style creates an exciting and unusual architecturethat has its own way of being impressive. It
certainly provides an opportunity to showcase thematerials used on this development - Rose GoldPVD stainless steel and bronze granite.
Windows have irregular criss-crossings ofbars of the PVD stainless steel creating a grillereminiscent of a Chinese screen. In concordancewith the motif of the tapering towers the gaps
between the horizontal bars decrease as they
advance upwards. Picking up on the emblem of
the irregular rectilinear shapes some windows
are “blanked out” completely with, instead,panels of PVD stainless steel in Rose Gold
with square indentations. These panels appear
almost as external works of abstract art. The
buildings directed towards the embankment echo
the proportions and spacing of the grand andprosperous nineteenth century buildings which
are found along on the Bund. The Plaza is meant
to be enjoyed at night and the buildings takeon a golden glow as light is reflected from theRose Gold PVD used extensively on the buildings’
exteriors.

Environment:		urban
Material:		 316 PVD-coloured (rose gold
		 vibration) stainless steel
Manufacturer:		 Double Stone Steel & John 				 Desmond Ltd.
Architects:		 Foster + Partner
Photographs:		 John Desmond Ltd.
More information:		 doublestonesteel.com

30 - ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONSBACKBUSINESS_? __ ← →Magnocentro Plaza Building
Mexico City, Mexico
In 1997 PES Group did some research, it turned
out that at that time it was more economical touse stainless steel than granite or other stone,
hence the idea of covering the building with astainless steel façade. Construction was finishedin 2000.
Stainless 316 was chosen in order to prevent aquick deterioration.
Lino pattern finish was used to avoid dazzling
people when driving because of the reflection of
the sun on the façade. This pattern also hides any
imperfections due to its “flatness”.
The builder considers that stainless represented
several advantages:
 The first one is that it is a material that does
not decay, does not deteriorate over time, itdoes not require the maintenance that stonerequires like cleaning and sealing the stone
steadily, with chemicals and sealants
 With minimal maintenance cost the façade
always looks like brand new, which is an
important factor in terms of costs it is a poor heat conductor, which significantly
decreases the consumption of air conditioning
as well as electricity.
A video about this façade is available on Youtube:
youtu.be/Gm_x_gjNnjo

Environment:		urban
Material:		 316 lino pattern finished 				 stainless steel
Architects:		MEXDESA
Photographs:		MEXDESA
More information:		 mexdesa.com or iminox.org

BUSINESS

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BACK_? __ ← →Middle East Airlines Training
CenterBeirut, Lebanon
As Lebanon’s first flight simulator training centerand part of the Middle East Aviation Academy,
this new $50-million facility features a range oftraining divisions, a library and administrative
offices. But its defining feature is the center’s
62-foot-tall (19 m) domed conference center
that houses a 300-person auditorium, cafeteria,
kitchen and reception hall - along with serving as
the facility’s main entrance. Made from reinforced
concrete and clad with triangular stainless steel
panels and LED light joints between panels, thedome covers an area of 475 m2.

Environment:		urban
Material:		 Aperam 316L with Uginox 				 Meca 8ND (mirror finished)
Manufacturer:		Aperam
Architects:		 Khatib & Alami
Photographs:		 by courtesy of Khatib & Alami
More information:		 aperam.com or uginox.com

CULTURE AND HISTORY

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BACK_? __ ← →University of Leeds
Leeds, United Kingdom
The new purpose-built home of the M&S Company
Archive at the University of Leeds features
extensive use of Proteus Engineered Façades’ HR
rainscreen cladding system which combines all
the benefits of a Modern Method of Construction
with the beauty of “bronze”.
The £6million Michael Marks Building on theuniversity’s Western Campus follows the golden
rule of architectural design “Form follows
function”, combining within the façade the highstrength, low maintenance and excellent corrosion
resistance of stainless steel with a visuallycontemporary finish.
The 3D façade was designed by the university’s
master planners Broadway Malyan Architects torepresent the pages of a book or folds of a dress(some of the materials stored within) but although
it appears highly complex, the brief response
was to create a semi-unitised panel that could
be installed onto a single-plane support system,
reducing the complexity and time needed to install
the façade.
Broadway Malyan were looking for an envelope
system that would give the variety of panel sizes
required for their design as well as flatness, amirror finish and long-lasting aesthetics, withProteus HR’s lightweight aluminium honeycombcore providing a perfectly flat finish coupled withvery large panel sizes and recessed joints.
Marks and Spencer “shadow” architects Darnton
EGS said: “The project uses various innovative
measures to achieve its BREEAM and sustainablestatus. However, the rainscreen façade system isa unique feature. The architects worked closelywith Proteus Engineered Façades to develop
a way of using the cladding systems in sucha 3D manner. “The panels are very robust but
lightweight, thanks to the aluminium honeycombcore structurally bonded to the lightweight metal
skin. The façade consists mainly of two modular
size panels, with dimensions carefully designed tosuit metal sheet sizes.”

Environment:		urban
Material:		 316 stainless steel with a 				 mirror bronze finish and 				 a thickness of 0.8 mm
Manufacturer:		 PROTEUS/Rimes Metal Group
Architect:		 Broadway Malyan Architects
Photographs:		PROTEUS
More information:		 proteusfaçades.com

CULTURE AND HISTORY

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BACK_? __ ← →Rhike Park - Music Theatre and Exhibition Hall
Tbilisi, Georgia
The project site is located inside the green
area called Rhike Park, in Tbilisi, Georgia. The
building consists of two different soft shaped
elements that are connected as a unique body at
the retaining wall. Both structures are clad withstainless steel panels and inside the concreteand steel structure. Every element has his ownfunction: The Musical Theatre and the ExhibitionHall. The north part of the building contains theEnvironment:		urban
Material:		 stainless steel
Architect:		 Massimiliano and Doriana 				Fuksas
Photographs:		 Joel Rookwood and Nikolay 				Kaloshin
More information:		 fuksas.it

Musical Theatre Hall (566 seats), the foyer andseveral facilities, together with technical spaces
for theatre machinery and various storages. The
Exhibition Hall opens his great entrance with aramp that brings visitors from the street level.
The Music Theatre Hall, on the contrary, soars
from the ground and allows the users staying in
the foyer and in the cafeteria to have a view to theriver and the skyline of the city. It is a periscopeto the city and looks towards the river framing thehistoric core of the Old Tbilisi.

Picture courtesy of Nikolay Kaloshin

Picture courtesy of Nikolay KaloshinPicture courtesy of Joel Rookwood

CULTURE AND HISTORY

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BACK_? __ ← →Elbphilharmonie
Hamburg, Germany
The Elbphilharmonie is emerging directly on
the Elbe at the peak of the harbour above thehistorical Kaispeicher A in which tea and cocoa
sacks were stored right up until the 90s. The newbuilding with its curved glass façades sweeps
up above the gutted red clinker Kaispeicher andtakes on the appearance of a huge glass ship.
An 82 meter long escalator leads up to the publicplaza on the roof of the old Kaispeicher at a heightof 37 meters, where visitors are rewarded witha fascinating view of the harbour and city. The
heart of the building is the large concert hall with
2,150 seats, which is set to become one of thebest in the world. In addition, the building will
also house a smaller concert hall with around 550
seats, a 5 star hotel with around 250 rooms, 45

Environment:		marine
Material:		 304 and 316L mirror-				 polished stainless steel with		 a thickness of 1.0 to 3.0 mm
Architects:		 Herzog & de Meuron
Photographs:		 Iwan Baan, Maxim Schulz, 				 and Michael Zaph
More information:		 elbphilharmonie.deapartments as well as restaurants and bars. The
Elbphilharmonie is the cultural highlight of the
new HafenCity area and is likely to become thecentre of the city of music, Hamburg.
Swiss architects Herzog & de Meuron defined
extreme technical requirements for the single skinunitized glass façade. Both standard curtain wall
units developed for the Elbphilharmonie comprise
two modules each, 4.30 m wide, and 3.35 m highas well as 5.00 m wide and 3.35 m high.
The vertical façade members of the sphericallycurved units in the Philharmonic area havebeen partly covered with a mirror polished highgloss sheeting made of stainless steel. The
approximately 370 mirror polished, manuallyoperated vertical tilt windows were also tailormade for the Elbphilharmonie and serve theindividual fresh air supply.

Picture courtesy of Michael Zaph

The horseshoe shaped cut out glass balconies
in the residential areas resemble a tuning fork.
The approx. 100 tuning forks made of glass
fibre reinforced polymer (GRP) are outwardly
curved and in addition have to support the loggia
glazing. The pre-elements out of GRP comply
with Fire Protection Classification B1 and were
manufactured and coated brilliant white by the
Chemnitz company Fiber-Tech Products GmbH.
Gartner fitted these pre-elements with innerstainless steel reinforcements to support thestructure as well as the three centimetre thick,double curved laminated triple glazing. The large
loggia tuning forks were installed between the
12th and 17th floors of the Elbphilharmonie at aheight of 55 to 75 meters.

Picture courtesy of Maxim Schulz

Picture courtesy of Iwan BaanCULTURE AND HISTORY

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BACK_? __ ← →Kunsthalle Mannheim Museum
Mannheim, Germany
The Kunsthalle Mannheim museum of modern
and contemporary art was opened at the endof 2017 by Federal President Frank-Walter
Steinmeier. As Germany’s largest new museum
building, it is a prime example of both civic
commitment and architectural skill. The
composition of roomforming cubes is visuallyconnected by a sophisticated façade made ofbronze-coloured stainless steel fabric from GKD –Gebr. Kufferath AG (GKD).
The atrium, which is covered by a glass roof andtherefore flooded with light, grants fascinating
views in all directions. The feeling of wide open
space and cosmopolitanism stimulate a senseof curiosity among visitors to explore the otherrooms.
This feeling is underlined by the stainless steel
fabric façade cladding. The architects went witha significantly higher degree of transparency
for the fabric in front of the large-format glazed
surfaces than for that cladding the fiber cement
panels in front of the cubes. This varying degreeof transparency preserves the effect of thearchitectural concept, regardless of the viewing
distance. Despite the colossal dimensions of thebuilding’s structure and façade, the woven skinloses nothing of its textile effect even from a
distance.

The GKD wove stainless steel wires and tubes of
two different diameters – 3 mm and 25 mm – into
four-wire warp wire groups made of untreatedstainless steel. The key here was to use weaving
techniques to completely balance out the varying
stress ratios in the fabric due to the differences inwire thickness, so that the façade would withstandthe strict static requirements caused by wind andsnow.
GKD’s many years of experience with coating
technologies and their effects on buildings proved
invaluable here. For example, the wires were
coated in a continuous process, while the tubes
were painted together with the closures in aspraying process and all then interwoven with theuntreated warp wire groups.
A total of 72 panels, each measuring around 20
meters in length and 3.26 meters in width, wereused to create the sophisticated skin which lends
the Kunsthalle its versatile face. With the discreet
brilliance of the warm bronze tone, the finishedfabric reflects the colour of the sandstone used inneighboring buildings. The large, stainless steel
fabric façade measures over 4,600 square metersand changes its appearance throughout the day, inall weather conditions, from near or far.

Environment:		urban
Material:		 316 bronze coloured stainless		 steel with a thickness of 				 3.0 mm for the wire and 				 25 mm for the pipes
Manufacturer:		GKDArchitects:		 Von Gerkan, Marg and 				Partners
Photographs:		 GKD/Constantin Meyer or 				 Kunsthalle Manngeim/
		 Rainer Diehl
More information:		 gkd.de or impetus-pr.deCULTURE AND HISTORY

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BACK_? __ ← →La Sagrada Familia
Barcelona, Spain
The Expiatory Temple of the Sagrada Familia
began its construction in March of 1882. During
the following years, until Gaudí’s death in 1926, hecollaborated with different architects, sculptors,
draughtsmen and modellers, in new architectural
solutions. After his death, the project went
through different architects, always respecting theoriginal idea, but economic problems and a fire
during the civil war that destroyed scale models
and plans created by Gaudí, forced to stop theworks on several occasions. The incorporation of
new technologies in the project brings it close tocompletion, scheduled for 2026, the year of thecentenary of the great architect’s death.
The use of stainless steel has been a constantduring the project in recent years through amodular solution. In 2008, Roldan, S.A., the longproduct factory of the Acerinox group, began
supplying duplex stainless steel reinforcing
bars, that are significantly increasing its use
from 2014 onwards. Durability is the main
reason why stainless steel is being used in theconstruction of the upper levels of the towers.
The difficulty of replacement and/or any futureintervention, as a consequence of the corrosionof conventional rebar in a saline environment as
is the case in Barcelona, would have a high cost.
There is a large number of types of stainlesssteel, however, the project team selected duplex
2205 (EN 1.4462) for its high resistance to pitting
corrosion, characteristics to be taken into accountin environments near the sea with presence ofchlorides.
The assembly works of the different modules
are carried out in the facilities that the Sagrada
Familia has got in Galera, a small town eighty
kilometres from Barcelona. At present, the panelswith which central towers are taking height bymeans of the innovative process of tensioning thestone are being manufactured. This tensioning
consists of stones with a specific shape andfinish together with stainless steel structures(image 4). Thanks to this construction system, thetowers can be raised more quickly and easily. For
instance a level of the Tower of the Evangelists,
which has a height slightly higher than 3 meters,
can be assembled in the basilica in less than 6hours.
Four to six tensors are used per panel, sewnwith stainless steel rebars to join one piece withanother. On each side of the panels there is apillar made of stainless steel sheet and rebar,
which connects each panel with the next one(images 1 and 2). When the assembly is toocomplex, as the Towers of the Evangelists in its
final section, it is carried out entirely in Galera andfinally concreted at the basilica.
In level 11 of the Tower “Mare de Deu”, you

can see the circular metal structure which thedifferent panels are assembled on. The wide area
available allows to assemble simultaneously
different levels of the paraboloid towers of thebasilica.
Once assembled and verified their correct fit, they
are disassembled by pieces and packed in boxes
for transport to Barcelona.
The Temple of the Sagrada Familia is a perfect
example of how a current, versatile, machinable,transformable, durable and resistant material
as stainless steel, can solve important problems
in emblematic buildings, providing constructive
solutions never seen before.

Environment:		urban
Material:		 2205 (EN 1.4462) duplex 				 stainless steel
Manufacturer:		Acerinox
Architects:		 Antoni Gaudí
Photographs:		Acerinox
More information:		 acerinox.com or cedinox.es

1.

2.

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3.

5.

CULTURE AND HISTORY

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BACK_? __ ← →The Japanese Sword Museum
Tokyo, JapanThe Japanese Sword Museum was relocated andre-opened in 2017. It conserves the Japaneseswords, and to support the preservation andthe development of sword forging and polishingtechniques.
It was required to show the figure and shape like
Japanese traditional sword pursuing functions
and expressing eliminating all waste in the designof entrance and interior. Therefore stainless steel
plate of the Silky Blast Finish was adopted forthese parts because of their exquisite refracting
appearance in the sunlight. Kikukawa’s Silky Blast
finish was chosen for its texture that realizes theconcept, Japanese Sword.
Environment:		urban
Material:		 304 stainless steel with a 				 silky blast (shot blast) finish
		 and a thickness of 3.0 to 				 4.0 mm
Manufacturer:		 Kikukawa Kogyo Co., Ltd. / 				 Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd.
Architects:		 Maki and Associates
Photographs:		 Kikukawa Kogyo Co., Ltd.
More information:		 kikukawa.com or		nisshin-steel.co.jp

CULTURE AND HISTORY

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BACK_? __ ← →Jeongok Prehistory Museum
Yeoncheon, South Korea
Jeongok Prehistory Museum by France basedstudio X-Tu architects is now complete. Locatedon a paleolithic site of major archeologicalsignificance in Jeongok, South Korea, thefacility aims to provide a multi-sensory spacethat represents ranging environments andatmospheres from the prehistoric landscape. We
wished to honour the riverside landscape which
saw the birth of the first inhabitants of Korea, andacknowledge the beauty of the two hill curves
echoing the river meanders.
How to enhance such a pre-existent form and its
geological underground chasm?
 by digging the chasm to let the Earth tell its
history by alleviating the visual hold of the project inorder to let the chasm express itself ; for this purpose, the building will be enchased
into the hill which has been hollowed out andthe stockrooms wil be located underground ; by curving the central part of the building so
as to unveil the geological crack (and also thesun, from the edge of the crack) ; by clothing it in a « shimmering skin » which
will reflect the precipice from underneath.
Thus set up, the project appears like a bridge
stretched between two cliffs which can be seenfrom a long distance from the motorway.

A double metal envelope with various
perforations, waving and soft, nearly organic, thefront shimmers like a reptile skin; more or lessglazed according to different places, changing
with the light, it becomes a stainless steel mirror
underneath which reflects the image of thechasm.
For the landscape from light and view, theenvelope filters the light like a lattice. The double
wall includes glazings and solar protections in
perforated metal and makes it possible to havea perfect command of heat exchange of thebuilding, in winter as in summer. The admissionof natural light is adjustable according to theneeds of scenographic effects. On the level ofthe cafeteria and the central space, panoramic
windows open on the landscape.

Picture courtesy of XTU

Environment:		 park side
Material:		 mirror-finished stainless 				steelArchitects:		X-TU
Photographs:		 XTU, Iwan Ban
More information:		 xtuarchitects.com
Picture courtesy of XTU, Iwan Ban

Picture courtesy of XTU

CULTURE AND HISTORY

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BACK_? __ ← →Philharmonie de Paris
Paris, France
The 3.600 capacity Philharmonie de Paris is aneye-catching landmark of the Greater Paris area.
Its metallic cladding and angular shapes provide
a unique, distorted reflection of the surrounding
landscape, while its bird-inspired façade is a nodto the beauty being created inside. The highlightof the design is the bright, stainless steel plated
Tourbillon, or whirlpool, that rises from thebuilding’s centre. In contrast to the matt outerlayer, the shiny appearance of the stainless steel
exaggerates the surrounding landscape.

Environment:		urban
Material:		 Aperam 316L with Uginox 				 Bright finish
Manufacturer:		Aperam
Architects:		 Ateliers Jean Nouvel ,		 Metra & Associés
Photographs:		 William Beaucardet
More information:		 aperam.com or uginox.com

50 - ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONS

BACK_? __ ← →International Memorial of
Notre Dame de Lorette
Ablain Saint Nazaire, France
In commemoration of the 100th anniversaryof World War I, this monument is positioned
on a hillside at Notre-Dame-de-Lorette andoverlooking France’s largest military cemetery.
The focus of the monument is the Ring of
Remembrance, a circular structure listing thenames of the nearly 580.000 soldiers who losttheir lives at the battles of Flanders and Artois.
Thanks to its use of corrosion resistant coloured
stainless steel, the names etched on to thering’s 500 panels will stand the test of time.
Standing solemnly over the battlefield, the Ring of
Remembrance is a work of art bridging the past to
the present and spanning into the future.

Environment:		rural
Material:		 Aperam 316L bronze 				 coloured stainless steel
Manufacturer:		Aperam
Architects:		 Philippe Prost Architecte /				AAPP
Photographs:		 adagp – 2014 Aitor Ortiz
More information:		 aperam.com or uginox.com

CULTURE AND HISTORYCULTURE AND HISTORY

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BACK_? __ ← →Archives Lille
Environment:		urban
Material:		 Aperam 304 with Uginox Mat
		 finish
Manufacturer:		Aperam
Architects:		 de Alzua / ZigZag 					architecture
Photographs:		 Sergio Grazia
More information:		 aperam.com or uginox.com

Lille, France
Lille’s new Department of Archives not only
serves as a striking addition to the surrounding
landscape, it also plays an important role inpreserving the trove of historic books anddocuments that call it home. The seven-story
building is covered in perforated 304 grade

stainless steel mesh. Thanks to its mattappearance (Uginox Mat), the square buildingreflects the urban lights that surround it. By
incorporating all existing facilities, the newbuilding also adds a number of common areas,
including interior patios that are bathed in warm
natural light.

54 - ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONS

BACK_? __ ← →Island Pavilion
Wormsley, United Kingdom
The Island Pavilion and footbridge sit at the heartof a pastoral landscape just outside of Oxford,
England. The project, which complements the
nearby Wormsley House and Garsignton Opera
House, re-interprets the 18th century tradition
for outdoor entertainment for 21st century
performances. For example, its use of stainlesssteel not only recognises its invention in nearby
Sheffield, it also provides the durability that apermanent, outdoor facility requires. The pavilion
is designed to maximise views of the landscapeand, in addition to hosting an array of summer
operas, exhibitions and recitals, it is also home toJeff Koon’s stainless steel “Cracked Egg (Blue)”
sculpture.

Environment:		 park side
Material:		 Aperam 316L with Uginox Top
		 finish
Manufacturer:		Aperam
Architects:		 Robin Snell and Partners
Photographs:		 Graham Everitt 		 View Pictures Ltd.
More information:		 aperam.com or uginox.com

CULTURE AND HISTORYCULTURE AND HISTORY

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BACK_? __ ← →Congress and Music Hall
Strasbourg, France
Thanks to a major renovation, Strasbourg’s
Palais de la Musique et des Congrès (PMC) has
doubled its capacity and provided the Orchestre
Philharmonique de Strasbourg (OPS), its resident
symphony, with state-of-the-art facilities. The
renovations optimize office space, add rehearsal
rooms, improve acoustics and increase seating
capacity. But it’s not just the inside that benefits
from these renovations, the outside facadehas too. The 14 m stainless steel columns thatencompass the site’s three parts now stand as the
PMC’s architectural signature. The columns use a304/1.4301 grade with a Uginox Mat appearance.

Environment:		urban
Material:		 Aperam 304L with Uginox 				 Bright finish and a thickness
		 of 3 mm
Manufacturer:		Aperam
Architects:		 Rey-Lucquet et associés 		
		 Atelier d’Architecture / 				 Dietrich I Untertrifaller 				Architekten
Photographs:		 Bruno Klomfar
More information:		 aperam.com or uginox.com

CULTURE AND HISTORY

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BACK_? __ ← →CTLES Extension
Bussy Saint Georges, France
Originally designed by Dominique Perrault, theTechnical Centre for Books of Higher Education(CTLES) is responsible for preserving the
documents of various French universities andresearch centers. A recent extension saw theaddition of a pair of enormous mirrored-steel
boxes connected to the original structure via a
glazed bridge. Although designed to echo the styleof Perrault’s aluminum building, the extension
is purposely detached so as not to distort theoriginal building. The extension’s use of ribbed
panels of reflective stainless steel (Uginox
Bright) reflects the sky and the greenery of thesurrounding rural landscape while also offeringa nice contrast the original building’s mattappearance.

Environment:		urban
Material:		 Aperam 304L with Uginox 				 Bright finish
Manufacturer:		Aperam
Architects:		 Antonini Darmon
Photographs:		 Pierre L’Excellent
More information:		 aperam.com or uginox.com

EDUCATION

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BACK_? __ ← →McCormick Tribune Campus Center
Chicago, USA
The McCormick Tribune Campus Center seeks
to reinvigorate the urbanism inherent – but longsince neglected – in Mies van der Rohe’s 1940
masterplan for the Illinois Institute of Technology.
The large single-storey Campus Center provides
a focal point for the previously sundered halvesof the campus, and features a noise-absorbing
steel tube wrapping the Elevated metro that runs
directly over the building and, inside, a dense
mosaic of programs including a bookstore, foodcourt, café, auditorium, computer centre, andmeeting spaces.
How to energize a campus that has half the
population that animated it in the 1940s but now
double its original footprint? To us, the conundrum
implied a building that is able to re-urbanize thelargest possible area using the least amount ofbuilt substance.
To create a new point of density for the campus,
we located the building at the heart of IIT – alarge rectangle between State and Wabash, 32nd
and 33rd streets – and directly underneath the“L”, the artery that connects the campus to therest of Chicago. By enclosing the tracks above
the Campus Center in a muffling stainless steel
cylinder, a formerly deafening no man’s land
becomes a not only tolerable but a magnetic
environment. The encircled track – known among

students spontaneously as the Tube – becomesa crucial part of the Campus Center’s, and IIT’s,
image.
Rather than stacking activities in a multi-storey
building, we opted to arrange each programmaticelement of the Campus Center in a dense single
plane that would foster an urban condition. To
achieve this, in 1997 OMA carried out a study
to map the “desire lines” of student foot traffic
across the campus. These intersecting diagonalpaths are maintained inside the Campus Center
itself, linking the multiplicity of activities via a
network of interior streets, plazas, and urban
islands that form neighborhoods: 24-hour,commercial, entertainment, academic, recreation,and other urban elements in microcosm.
The unifying element of the Campus Center isthe roof: a sloping concrete slab that protects
against the noise of the L while encompassing theheterogenous programs below. Where the roof
ducks beneath the “L”, the underside of the theTube juts through the concrete as a reminder ofwhat’s above. The roof has a long overhang thatembraces the adjacent Commons Hall, Mies’s
original student centre, designed in 1953. The
Commons has its original perimeter and interior
wooden partitions preserved, and now functions
as a food court.

Environment:		 park side
Material:		 stainless steel
Architects:		OMAPhotographs:		 Philippe Ruault,
		 Richard Barnes
More information:		 oma.com

Picture courtesy of Richard Barnes

Picture courtesy of Richard Barnes

Picture courtesy of Philippe Ruault

62 - ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONS

BACK_? __ ← →University Library of
University Paris 13
Villetaneuse, FranceWith a campus separated from the city center andcomprised of conventional, two-story buildings,
Villetaneuse University was suffering from an
identity crisis. But with a new tramway connecting
the campus with the city, the University saw anopportunity to boldly affirm its presence. The
answer was the extension of the library which,sitting on the edge of town and along the tramline,
serves as a gateway to the campus. The striking
new triangular building’s stainless steel cover(Uginox Bright) gives it a modern, industrial
look, while its stainless steel shutters (grade
304) reflect the natural sunlight. Combined,
these features give the library a subtle look of abookshelf.

Environment:		urban
Material:		 Aperam 304L with Uginox 				 Bright finish
Manufacturer:		Aperam
Architects:		 Bernard Ropa
Photographs:		 Luc Boegly
More information:		 aperam.com or uginox.com

EDUCATIONMOBILITY AND INFRASTRUCTURE

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BACK_? __ ← →Helix Bridge
Singapore
The Helix Pedestrian Bridge spans the mouth of
the Singapore River where it opens onto Marina
Bay. It links the established Raffles Avenue district
with the new Bay precinct that contains the Sands
Resort and the Gardens By The Bay, and leads
around to the CBD Financial District.
The project encompassed both the pedestrian
bridge and a new vehicular bridge, the latterrunning straight across the river mouth. The
pedestrian bridge is curved in plan to distancepedestrians from the traffic while also enablingpedestrians to connect from one bridge to theother at mid-span. The bridge is 285 metres long,
made up of three 65 metre spans and two 45
metre end spans.

The source of inspiration for the structure was
the DNA molecule. It provided a deceptively
lightweight solution to a bridge that curves inplan and is tubular in section, this geometry being
devised to integrate structure, deck and canopy
within its overall 10.8 metre diameter.
The economy of material facilitated by the
DNA-based structure prompted the Singapore
Urban Development Authority to have the bridge
fabricated in duplex stainless steel. The decisionafforded opportunity to pare the members tominimal dimensions – the tubes are only 273
mm in diameter – and to craft the connections
linking the spirals like tendons. Tiny LED spots
are integrated into the tubes accentuating thedelineation at night. The canopies alternate
between fritted glass and steel mesh, creating

Environment:		marine
Material:		 duplex stainless steel piping
Size and volume:		 273 diameter and 600 tonnes
Architects:
Cox Architecture
Photographs:		 Christopher Fredrick Jones
More information: coxarchitecture.com.au

varied experience from their reflectivity andtranslucency.
These treatments caused us to consider thebridge as a ‘bracelet’ enfolding the mouth of theriver at its opening to the bay. In order to facilitate
views of boating events held on the bay, a seriesof ovular viewing pods were added, appearing likestuds along the bracelet.
The delicate tracery of the bridge’s double spiralhas created a foil to the massive buildings thatflank the shorelines, in particular the Marina Bay
Sands Resort. The bridge acts as both a crossing
and as a place of relief in this context, evidenced
by the many Singaporeans and visitors that cometo merely stroll and enjoy its experience.

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BACK_? __ ← →Footbridge of Trumpf
Ditzingen, Germany
The new footbridge over Gerlinger Strasseconnects two production areas of theheadquarters of Trumpf in Ditzingen and enables
employees to cross the busy regional road safely.
The bridge is a lightweight shell construction,
which due to the high efficiency of the supporting
structure is made of only 2 cm thin, double curved
stainless steel sheets. The shell edge is reinforced
by upstands which twist towards the four basepoints to form triangular bearing points. Further
bracing in the shell surface were completely
omitted. Pedestrians walk directly on the steel
shell, which is coated on the walking area toprevent slipping. Holes corresponding to the flowof force were cut into the shell with Trumpf laser
machines. The size and density of the apertures
depend on the degree of utilisation of the
supporting structure. In the area of the walking
surface, the lasered apertures are replaced byapproximately 14,300 smaller holes filled withglass plugs. The bridge was welded together onsite from several individual parts and lifted into its
final position by a heavy-duty crane. The lightnessof the bridge is underlined by the very transparent
and anti-reflective allglass railings. Barkow
Leibinger (Berlin) supported us with architectural
consultancy.

Environment:		rural
Material:		 duplex (Forta DX 2201/				 EN 1.4462) stainless steel
Manufacturer:		 Outokumpu Oyj
Architects:		 Schlaich Bergermann & 				Partner
More information:		 sbp.de or outokumpu.com

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BACK_? __ ← →Muscat International Airport
Muscat, Oman
Today, the Sultanate in the south-east of the
Arabian Peninsula is considered the safest
country in the Middle East and, as such, isbecoming an ever more attractive destination
for business and leisure travel. In order to keep
pace with the rapid growth that this has brought
about, the Gulf State is investing billions in
expanding its airport infrastructure. The largest
and most significant project is the reconstructionof Muscat International Airport, designed by
Danish architects COWI/LARSEN. In operation
since 1972, it experienced the third-largest
increase in passenger numbers worldwide in
the period 2012 – 2016 according to figuresfrom the International Air Transport Association(IATA). The reconstruction was performed to thelatest technical standards and combines great
convenience with high-class aesthetics.
Metal fabric of stainless steel from GKD makes
a considerable contribution to the understatedelegance of the passenger terminal: it gives a
virtuoso display of the full range of its design
possibilities in twelve different applications.
Fascinating ceiling and wall solutions, room
dividers, and large-scale transparent media
façades from the MEDIAMESH® family are setting
new standards for contemporary airport design.
Various ceiling solutions (suspended or as gridconstructions), wall hangings and room dividers
made from Lamelle fabric, and three large,transparent media façades shape the feel of thespace in all parts of the building. A total of 5,865
square meters of stainless steel fabric were used.
After almost ten years of planning andconstruction for the airport, the result speaks
for itself: in terms of design, passenger handlingefficiency, and recreation quality, the newpassenger terminal of Muscat International
Airport is exemplary in many respects forpioneering airport architecture. The solutions
made from GKD metal fabric that were usedhere provide virtually boundless inspiration forrealizing such architecture – functional versatility
at its best.

Environment:		interior
Material:		 316 stainless steel
Manufacturer:		 GKD Mediamesh and Lamelle
Photographs:		GKDMore information:		 gkd.de or impetus-pr.deMOBILITY AND INFRASTRUCTURE

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BACK_? __ ← →Ventilation Tower of Tokyo
StationTokyo, Japan
This is a monument that was installed during
the redevelopment of Tokyo, Yaesu exit area. The
ventilation tower provides a contrast between
the sharp stately metal and the rich soft green
plantation.
The 3D schematics were modeled with the 3D
CAD, fabricated with 9  mm stainless steel in the
Kikugawa factory, then welded and re-finished onsite for installation by expert craftsmen.
The material used, duplex stainless steel SUS329J3L, was selected for its higher durability upon
considering the location of the project that could
induce stain and rust.
Panels were welded and finished on-site by handto create one large independent shell-shaped
structure panel without internal reinforcementsteel frames.

Environment:		urban
Material:		 duplex (SUS329J3L; 2205; 		
		 EN 1.4462) stainless steel 				 with a pearl vibration finish 				 and a thickness of 9.0 mm
Manufacturer:		 Kikukawa Kogyo Co., Ltd. / 				NSSC
Architects:		 Tokyo-Station Yaesu-side 				 Plaza Design JVPhotographs:		 Kikukawa Kogyo Co., Ltd.
More information:		 kikukawa.com or		nssc.nssmc.com

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BACK_? __ ← →Bermondsey Bicycle Store
London, United Kingdom
Bermondsey Bicycle Store forms a striking
entrance to Bermondsey Square – a lively public
space at the heart of an ambitious regeneration
project in south-east London. Embedding green
transport values within the local community, thestore accommodates 76 bikes belonging to thesquare’s workers and residents. Using stainlesssteel panels in an original and exciting manner,
the intervention adds sparkle to Igloo’s vision for
inner city living.
The square is a Scheduled Ancient Monument
and host to the historic Bermondsey Antiques
Market. Beneath it lies the 11th century ruins ofBermondsey Abbey. Drawing on the narrative ofEnvironment:		urban
Material:		 one way brushed stainless 				steelManufacturer:		 Gallford Try
Architects:		 Sarah Wiggles Architects
Photographs:		 Mark Hadden
More information: swarch.co.uk

silver trinkets and treasures past, the landscaping
is conceived as a textured carpet adorned withjewel-like street objects. Located at the southern
entrance and visible from afar, the bicycle store is
the ornamental highlight among the peppering of
new bollards, benches and stands.
The building’s outer skin is a playful array of
triangular stainless steel panels that refer tothe square’s gem-like bollards. The surface
fragments towards the roof revealing an
underlying structure of laminated timber portal
frames. A translucent inner skin provides aprotected enclosure filled with diffused naturallight. Sensor-integrated lighting maintains
security and adds drama and prominence at night.

74 - ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONS

BACK_? __ ← →Refuge du GoûterSaint Gervais, France
At 4.810 metres, for many, Mont-Blanc is theHoly Grail of alpine mountaineering. But before
reaching the top, many must spend at least anight at the Refuge du Goûter shelter. Built in
1962, the shelter is the last stop before the final
ascent. But at 3,835 metres, it has been subject toboth intense usage and intense weather – not tomention being in the path of an advancing glacier.
Thus, a new, stainless steel shelter has been built.
The four-level building, which includes technicalrooms, a common room and dormitories, wasdesigned to withstand winds of up to 260 km/h, aload pressure of 400 kg/m² and a vacuum pressureof 600 kg/m². To ensure the building is able towithstand the extreme mountain conditions whileproviding a comfortable and safe shelter for
climbers, 304L grade austenitic stainless steel
siding was used.
Environment:		alpine
Material:		 Aperam 304 with Uginox Top
		 surface finish
Manufacturer:		Aperam
Architects:		 Groupe H & Déca-Laage
Photographs:		 Pascal Tournaire
More information:		 aperam.com or uginox.com

MOBILITY AND INFRASTRUCTURE

RESIDENCE

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BACK_? __ ← →No. 1 Hardmann Street
Manchester, United Kingdom
No.1 Hardman Street is located at the heart of
Spinningfields in Manchester City Centre. This
recently completed building provides 5 floors
of office space and is a piece of contemporary
architecture which sits comfortably alongside
both its historic neighbours and the large glazedbuildings of this commercial area. Being oneof the smaller buildings of the Spinningfields
redevelopment, the design seeks to maximise its
visual impact and optimise the site.
With work complete by Eric Wright Constructionin July 2014, and cladding sub-contractor Cover
Structure Ltd, the distinctive external materials
provide a strong visual identity. The main building
envelope consists of a simple black composite
cladding panel with large window inserts, and aProteus SC bespoke perforated aluminium white

Environment:		urban
Material:		 304 pippin colourtex finished		 stainless steel
Manufacturer:		Rimex
Architects:		 Levitt Bernstein
Photographs:		PROTEUS
More information:		 proteusfaçades.com

screen to the front half of the building. Openingsof various sizes in the Proteus SC perforated
screen create a pattern across the elevation whichanimates the façade as well as providing shading
and screening to the window openings behind. At
night the façade is illuminated within the cavity
giving the building a colourful evening identity.
At ground floor and around the parapet of thebuilding, the insulated panels have been finishedwith a Proteus HR honeycomb rainscreen panel
with a Rimex Colourtex Blue Pippin Patterned
Stainless Steel. This finish subtly changes withvarying light conditions. In bright sunlight, theStainless Steel Panels seem to mirror the blue
skies above, while in darker conditions, theappearance is similar to that of the simple black
panel on the rear elevation.

RESIDENCE

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BACK_? __ ← →M6B2 Tower of Biodiversity
Paris, France
The relationship between building heightand sustainability is a subject that currently
occupies the minds of many city planners. This isbecause the city cannot expand infinitely into thelandscape. In France, however, “village” urbanism
seems to be adamantly resisting the verticalcity, without truly considering its potential. Oneof the objectives of this project is to quell these
hesitations.
Benefitting from an exemption to the 37-metreheight restriction in Paris, the team created a
50-metre-high building that towers above its
neighbours at River Gauche, on the southern bankof the river Seine.
This tower has a façade with a double skin for
the 16-storey tower. The outer layer is made up
of stainless steel netting that acts as a climbing

Environment:		urban
Material:		 stainless steel nets
Architects:		 Maison Edouard François
Photographs:		 Pierre L’Excellent
More information:		 edouardfrancois.com

frame for plants. Plants grow up the exterior ofthis green apartment tower spread seeds acrossthe city. It allows the wind to spread class one
purebred seeds into the urban environment.
Its height is a key element for its capacity toregenerate urban biodiversity. The landscaping
strategy unfolds in three stages: first with rapidly
climbing vines, later with conifer trees thatdevelop in five to ten years, and lastly with slowgrowth trees like oaks that develop in twenty years
or more.
The green vegetal façade of the tower extends
over the center of the block to the surrounding
buildings. They are placed at the corners of
the block, allowing for the pedestrian to stroll
through a calm, protected garden filled with low
vegetation, as if outside of the city.

RESIDENCE

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BACK_? __ ← →MoyaMoya House
Higashikurume, Japan
This is a residence in a commuter town in one of
the suburbs of Tokyo. The studio was constructed
so the client could study and dye kimonos, herchief hobby, as the center of the house; also,
Studio Phenomenon tried to provide the place
to communicate and interact, accepting foreign
students after her kids leave the home. The shapeof the building plot is a huge square (9100*9100),and it slopes and spreads north and south.
Because of the slating ground, a private space
was settled in the northern part commanding afine view. An open ceiling studio is connected toa kitchen, so that it allows the client to have a
big party as she desires. Considering when she
ages in the future, her bedroom, a study room,and other infrastructures are placed on the firstfloor. Other single rooms, a living room, and aJapanese style room are on the second floor;
moreover, you can enjoy a fine prospect with Mt.
Fuji from the living room. When looking at thisproject from a different perspective, the mostsignificant characteristic of this construction is
the stainless steel fence which surrounds thebuilding. By creating the space which makes theborder between the inside and the outside of thebuilding vague, the inside thereof is difficult to seefrom the outside. In terms of security, significant
effects can be also expected. A moire pattern isgenerated since the stainless steel is doubled,
and it makes people feel as if they are inside even
if they are outside. Being swayed by the wind,
the stainless steel fence shines and causes agreat variety of the moire patterns. The angle
and strength of the light are certainly changed bytime – morning, afternoon, evening, and night. Thechange of the light creates not only gripping moire
patterns, but also gives different and diverse
impressions to the house. This is the place where
people can closely enjoy the transitions of time,
seasons, and climates through the house.

Environment:		rural
Material:		 304 stainless steel meshArchitects:		 Studio PHENOMENON
Photographs:		 Daisuke Shima /					 Nacasa&Partners Inc
More information:		 umihikosano.jp

RESIDENCE

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BACK_? __ ← →Calm House
Tokyo, Japan
Calm House is a minimalist house located inTokyo, Japan, designed by APOLLO Architects
and Associates. The residence is constructed ofconcrete and 40 mm-wide cedar. Stainless steel
louvers cover the second-floor window to act asa screen, and serves as a unique characteristic
for the neighbourhood. The first floor is usedmainly for guests, and features a Japanese-styled
room replete with tatami mats and translucent
sliding doors. The second floor contains the main
bedroom and children’s room, which are locatedadjacent the courtyard. Each room has a private
courtyard and individual or common bathroom
attached.

Environment:		urban
Material:		 stainless steel
Architects:		 APOLLO Architects &		Associates
Photographs:		 APOLLO Architects &		Associates
More information:		 kurosakisatoshi.com

RESIDENCE

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BACK_? __ ← →MahaNakhon
Bangkok, Thailand
Temples and dream beaches with turquoise-bluewater make Thailand a sought-after destination
for tourists from all over the world. The capital
Bangkok, with a population of some nine million,
is a city of contrasts with irresistible magic. In
contrast to many other Asian megacities, however,the city has few contemporary architectural
highlights. The German architect Ole Scheerencreated Bangkok’s new landmark in the formof the 314-meter high MahaNakhon. The
MahaNakhon is complemented by the seven-story
shopping temple Cube and a fully automatedparking garage. For the cladding of the parking
garage, the architect chose PC-Sambesi metal
mesh from GKD. Alongside the extraordinary
aesthetics, its proven low-maintenance solar
protection and reliable fall guard protection
properties were crucial factors behind thisdecision.
In order to adapt the appearance of this structure
to the luxurious overall ambience, the architectchose shimmering PC-Sambesi stainless steel
mesh for the cladding. A total of 464 framed meshpanels, each 2.9 meters high and up to 1.8 meters
wide, subtly take up the visual appearance of thelouvered façade of the MahaNakhon.
Some 2,100 square meters of rigid mesh lend
the parking garage an elegant look. In addition

to the high-quality appearance of the metallic
skin, the architect was also convinced by theease with which the cladding can be maintained.
The attractive shell fulfills two functional roles:
it serves as reliable fall guard protection on all
floors, while also playing a key role in supporting
the environmentally friendly overall concept of the
MahaNakhon complex. In the tropical climate of
Bangkok, the light- and airpermeable membrane
proves its worth as an effective solar protection
solution, which also enables natural climate
control of the parking tower.
Because daylight can enter the building freely,less electric lighting is required. In monsoon
seasons the mesh also protects the parked
vehicles from driving rain. The stainless steel,which is 100 percent recyclable at the end of its
service life, also improves the ecological footprintof the building complex. The MahaNakhon was
opened in August 2016 in the heart of Bangkok
following an eight-year planning and construction
phase. Today, the country’s tallest building isconstantly in dialog with the city and its people. As
such, Bangkok’s new landmark links opportunities
for identification and participation with the role ofan ambassador for a city on the rise.

Environment:		urban
Material:		 316 stainless steel
Manufacturer:		 GKD-PC Sambesi
Architects:		 Ole Scheeren
Photographs:		GKDMore information:		 gkd.de or impetus-pr.de

RESIDENCE

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BACK_? __ ← →Stadthaus Ballhausgasse
Graz, Austria
The residential building ‘Stadthaus
Ballhausgasse’ fills a long-time void on a street in
the historic city centre of Graz, Austria. Developedby HoG architektur, the street elevation interprets
the design principals of the late 19th century
using a contemporary language. The plasticity
created by a game of light and shadow on thecornices, protruding windows and surrounding
frames, as well as their arrangement, is achievedby the absorption and continuation of theseelements in the mirror-effect façade. A threedimensional appearance, in the form of slightly
inclined triangular planes, emerges and links
the different ledge heights of the neighbouringbuildings, thus making the reduced number ofstories less recognizable within the context.
The result is a differentiated interaction between
exterior and window surfaces on several

Environment:		urban
Material:		 316L stainless steel,		 3D polished, 3.0 mm thick
Manufacturer:		 Bogner Edelstahl
Architect:		 Hope of Glory
Photographs:		 Paul Ott
More information:		 hog-architektur.com

levels, which reveal new details from different
perspectives. As a representative view, the street
façade complex design and higher expenditure onmaterials contrasts with the unadorned courtyardwalls.
This void was the only vacant site in a continuous,
homogeneous and unbroken row of houses. The
structure explores a game of integration andmere imitation, using a new type of material in
the form of mirror-finished, high-gloss polishedstainless steel — a high-quality component
that has a subtle life of its own, as it is not as
perfectly smooth and hard as glass. Through its
properties, the collection of panels reflects the
nearby architecture, which appear refracted as
in a kaleidoscope due to the slightly different
inclination. The new building has the paradoxical
effect of having both a strong presence andabsence via dematerialization.

88 - ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONS

BACK_? __ ← →La Jolla
San Diego, USA
Terne coated stainless steel was utilized in this
one-of-a-kind of residential project in La Jolla,
California. What made this metal roof system
particularly challenging was the building’s
geographical location. Sitting on an oceanside cliff, the structure is constantly exposed tocorrosive winds. Aperam’s Uginox Patina K44
terne coated stainless steel was the perfect choicefor the project, not only for its beautiful naturalappearance, but also for its superb corrosion
resistance in marine environments. Stainlesssteel’s low expansion and contraction also madethe roof’s distinctive radial design possible.

Environment:		marine
Material:		 Aperam K44 with Uginox 				 Patina finish (EN 1.4521)
Manufacturer:		Aperam
Architects:		 Daniel Schmidt
Photographs:		Enduringmetal
More information:		 aperam.com or uginox.com

RESIDENCE

90 - ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONS

BACK_? __ ← →Bogindhu Farmhouse
Aberdeenshire, United Kingdom
This extension and refurbishment ofAberdeenshire’s historic Bogindhu farmhouserequired significant work on the existing structure,including the removal of the ground and firstfloors, the removal of all internal walls and astripping back of the external walls to expose theoriginal stone. A contemporary barn was added,
giving the complex an ‘L’ formation as was called
for in the original design plans. The barn includes
a stainless steel band that serves as a cill forthe cladding and, in places, as a gutter. Uginox
Top’s durable matt finish stainless steel was also
used on the roof, due to its corrosive resistantproperties and its ability to harmonise with therest of the building’s design.

Environment:		rural
Material:		 Aperam 316L with Uginox Top
		 surface finish
Manufacturer:		Aperam
Architects:		 Room Architects
Photographs:		 N. Rigden
More information:		 aperam.com or uginox.com

RENOVATIONRENOVATION

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BACK_? __ ← →JDL Fetter Lane
London, United Kingdom
The original brief was to undertake renovations
to dilapidations as the main tenant was moving
out of the building. Then McBains were asked toprovide architectural services to refresh all theinternal common parts and a concept design for
the external entrance. The existing entrance was
low and dark and not very discernible from themain thoroughfare as the entrance was at the sideof the building. The client wanted to create a clear
entrance that was welcoming and that had more
gravitas and appeal.
There were quite a few challenges on the project.
They did not really know the structure of the
façade of the building as there were no detailed
records or drawings. Assumptions were made as
to what would be found once the existing façade
was stripped off.
Originally much brighter finishes were proposed
i.e. a powder-coated polyester canopy but theplanners were not in favour as there is a listedbuilding opposite and the bright finish wasdeemed to be unsuitable to be in such close
proximity. So a more traditional finish had to beconsidered. The team at McBains Cooper looked
at a bronze-coloured material, Granex 6WL
electro-plated and sandblasted stainless steel
that had been used elsewhere to good effect and it
had the really contemporary feel that was wanted.

However the real concern was that the electroplated finish would be adversely affected byweather and a guarantee from the manufacturer
could not be obtained.
When the PVD was proposed as an alternative thisproved more than acceptable as it had both theaesthetic appeal of bronze and also had a twelveyear guarantee which gave the architect and theclient much-needed reassurance. The V-Grooving
and folding of the PVD stainless steel sheet meant
the look of solid bronze would be achieved without
the weight and this specification was approved by
the planning council.

Environment:		urban
Material:		 316L stainless steel PVD 				 coloured in chocolate with 				 embossed finish SB-H25
Manufacturer:		 John Desmond Ltd.
Architects:		 McBains Cooper
Photographs:		 John Desmond Ltd.
More information:		 johndesmond.com

94 - ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONSBACKRENOVATION_? __ ← →Torre Europa
Madrid, Spain
Originally constructed in 1985 in the heart ofMadrid’s business district and across from
Santiago Bernabéu Stadium—home of the Real
Madrid football team—the 121 meter high Torre
Europa by the renowned architect Miguel de Oriol
has been refurbished. The entrance has beenreoriented and the lobby now provides for more
light and transparency. A hanging canopy above
the lobby wraps around the side of the building
to connect the plaza to the main entrance.
CallisonRTKL Architecture replaced the tower’s
exposed concrete façade with austenitic stainlesssteel AISI 304L, 1.4307, linen finish manufactured
by Acerinox. ENAR, technology consulting façades
pioneer in Madrid in the architectural envelopes is
implementing the project together with INASUS,
experts in the manufacture and installation of
special façades on site. With this renovation,
Grupo Infinorsa specialist in the acquisition,
construction and complete refurbishment ofemblematic building for subsequent leasing
and integral management, wants to respect
the Architect’s original and unique design ofthe building that nowadays requires certain
improvements to meet this century’s needs.

Environment:		urban
Material:		 304L (EN 1.4307) stainless 		
		 steel with a linen finish
Manufacturer:		Acerinox
Architects:		 Miguel Oriol e Ybarra / 				 CallisonRTKL Architecture
Photographs:		Acerinox
More information:		 acerinox.com

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BACK_? __ ← →Edogawa Garage ClubTokyo, Japan
Ribbons of wave-like perforated steel form amask, like an outer skin for this old warehouse.
Colour variations highlighted by light changes
produce unexpected chequered patterns aswell as silver and gold toning at dawn and dusk,emphasising the façade’s versatile nature.
This is a design for the re-use of an old warehousein Tokyo. The following issues were addressed
when making the design.
1. The environment: to avoid the CO2 dischargethat demolition and rebuilding would havecaused, the existing structure was retained.

rain damage. Special corner panels bent at rightangles provide added stability.
This design responds sensitively to the everchanging features of the natural environment,such as the colour of the sky, the intensity of
the light and the movement of clouds, which arereflected in its surface like the ripples on thewater of the nearby river.
The aim is to create an architecture that catches
the subtle changes in Nature which has been
submerged by the city.

2. The character of the site: an attempt wasmade to create a design which would reflect
and enhance the context which is a riversidesite in Tokyo.
In order to protect the building from external
damage caused by over-excited spectators and toensure a reasonable internal light level from theexisting windows, the entire exterior was clad witha skin of perforated stainless steel panels, withholes made using a special process.
Structural strength is secured by slightly angling
the panels, creating an overall undulatingchequerboard effect.
Moreover the undulations are staggered fromcourse to course, to help prevent staining andEnvironment:		urban
Material:		 stainless steel
Manufacturer:		EROOF
Architects:		 Jun’ichi Ito + Jun’ichi Ito 				 Architect & Associates
Photographs:		 Naomi Kurozumi
More information:		 ito-jun.com

98 - ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONS

BACK_? __ ← →CHUM University of Montreal Health Center
Québec, Canada
Originally built in 1865 as Holy Trinity Anglican Church, this structure has changed
hands and purposes a number of times before being integrated into the Montreal
Mega Hospital (CHUM) project. Today, the old church’s iconic steeple is a highlightof CHUM, one of North America’s largest academic medical facilities. To ensure thereconstructed steeple captured the original’s look and feel, while also being able towithstand harsh environmental conditions, it was built using Uginox Patina (K44).
Being terne coated, the Uginox Patina weathered to achieve a dull grey aspect thatmimics the slate colour of the original steeple.

Environment:		urban
Material:		 Aperam K44 with Uginox 				 Patina (EN 1.4521)
Manufacturer:		Aperam
Architects:		 Neuf Architect(e)s + 				CannonDesign
Photographs:		 courtesy of Aperam
More information:		 aperam.com or uginox.com

RENOVATIONSHOPPING

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BACK_? __ ← →MyZeil Shopping Mall
Frankfurt, Germany
For a top address in Germany, check out “Zeil106, 60313 Frankfurt am Main”. Zeil is one ofGermany’s busiest shopping streets and number
106 is where one of Europe’s biggest innercity development projects, with an investment
volume of 960 million euros, is being built: The“PalaisQuartier”. Part of the development, the“MyZeil” shopping and leisure world, opened
recently. Inside the building, the gleaming,reflective interior façade of the covered shopping
center is made entirely of stainless steel elements
supplied by the Krefeld and Dillenburg plants ofThyssenKrupp Nirosta.
With its unique roof, the shopping mall is anarchitectural tour de force extending over eightstories with a total gross area of 77,000 square
meters. It was designed by the Italian architect
Massimiliano Fuksas, who rose to international
prominence among other things through his
designs for the “Europapark” shopping mallin Salzburg (1997), the redevelopment of the“Place des Nations” in Geneva (1999) and the“Vienna Twin Towers” in Vienna (2001). In MyZeil,
Massimiliano Fuksas placed particular emphasis
on light and transparency. The building’s exterior
façade, for instance, is almost completelytransparent. To carry this effect through into theinside of the building, sections of the interior

façade were clad with reflective stainless steel.
“Altogether we used 15 tons of Nirosta 4301
stainless steel with IIId/ 2R finish to makepolygonal wall elements for the wall panelingwhich we attached with invisible fasteners,” says
Franz Hof, project manager at AMS GmbH, a
company specializing in metal interior fittings withover 37 years’ experience, which was responsiblefor designing and fitting the MyZeil stainlesssteel paneling. “The stainless steel panels offer
unbeatable quality, corrosion resistance and an
attractive gleaming finish. They were used todecorate the walls of the interior façade which
extends from the fourth to the seventh level of the
new shopping complex.”

Environment:		urban
Material:		 304 stainless steel with a 2R
		 reflective finish
Manufacturer:		Outokumpu
Architects:		 Massimiliano and Doriana 				Fuksas
Photographs:		 Karsten Monnerjahn
More information:		 fuksas.itSHOPPING

102 - ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONS

BACK_? __ ← →Roberto Cavalli Caffe
Kuwait, Kuwait
Roberto Cavalli is an Italian fashion designer,born on 15 November 1940 in Florence, Italy.
The design for The Avenues was inspired by thenatural rock formations, sand and sky found in
Kuwait. The glazed arched canopy roof gives the
feeling of an outdoor space which is emphasisedby The Grand Avenue being designed to look andfeel like a Boulevard with the living palms lining
the street. The walkways are paved with stone
from around the world – China, Italy, Spain andTurkey – which underpins the international theme.
The Cavalli Caffé is a significant presence within
The Avenues. The Cavalli chain in the Middle
East is operated by Pragma Group who are basedin the Lebanon. The café, serving Italian food,accommodates 80 customers with both inside andoutdoor seating.
What is an unexpected is the design of the exteriorof the caffé which bears no resemblance to any
other Cavalli stores or cafés. Double-ended
polished stainless steel cones create elongateddiamond footprints against the glass There are
twelve or thirteen cones wide on the façade andthirteen or fourteen deep with some being left
unmounted which reveals the diamond shaped
glazed aperture behind. There are LED purple
lighting strips running along one edge of thealuminium diamonds which, when illuminated,

form striking diagonal lines of purple light.
The effect is to create a mesmerising andunforgettable façade.
The cones were handmade from 2 mm 316 grade
stainless steel in the Double Stone Steel factory.
Fabrication included the forming, welding andpolishing. Each section was hand-polished to a
Super 8 finish. Stainless steel was chosen as it
was found to be the best mirror effect that was
required for Roberto Cavalli’s design concept.
Originally the material was to be GRP (GlassReinforced Plastic) with a chromed finish. Thismethod of fabrication had to be abandoned as
there were no tanks large enough in which to
chrome the sections.

Environment:		urban
Material:		 316 stainless steel, 2 mm 				 thick and hand polished 				 to super 8 finish
Manufacturer:		 Double Stone Steel
Architects:		 In-house Roberto Cavalli
Photographs:		 Double Stone SteelMore information:		 doublestonesteel.com

104 - ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONS

BACK_? __ ← →Eton Place
Dalian, China
The port city of Dalian in northern China is a city ofcontrasts. A vibrant center of trade and industry,
this rapidly growing metropolis plays an equallyimportant role in the region as one of the country’s
most popular vacation destinations. In the city
center of Dalian, the Beijing office of the NBBJ
architectural firm designed the Eton Place Dalian
tower complex as a superlative multifunctional
development. Large MEDIAMESH® screens from
GKD running around the corners of the building
seize the attention of passers-by at both main
entrances. The transparent displays made offiligree stainless steel mesh with integrated
LED profiles function as an advertising platform
for luxury goods from all over the world andunderline the exclusivity of the building complex.

Environment:		urban
Material:		 316 stainless steel
Manufacturer:		GKD-Mediamesh
Architects:		 NBBJ / GKD
Photographs:		GKDMore information:		 gkd.de or impetus-pr.de

SHOPPING

SHOPPING

106 - ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONS

BACK_? __ ← →Liverpool Interlomas

The new façade responds to the fast pace ofeveryday life in this isolated suburb, sitting in
the middle of a very congested intersection of
highways and overpasses, which give it a futuristic“Blade Runner-like” feel.
The double-layered façade shelters the store andits users from its chaotic environment. Its sleek
stainless steel machine-like exterior is intended
to evolve in a very fluid way as the intense sunbathes it throughout the day. It’s a contradiction
to the grit and chaos of its surroundings; ajuxtaposition that becomes a new reference forthis part of the city.
At night, the hollow cavity between the layers of
the façade is engulfed in light that subtly escapes
through the fine reliefs formed at the folds in theskin. The façade transforms at night from its solid
monochromatic appearance during the day to a
dynamic form accented by light.

Mexico City, Mexico
Understanding the new role shopping centersplay in today’s society, in which they have becomea magnet for social and cultural encounters,
Rojkind Arquitectos was commissioned todesign a façade for the new 18,000 square meter
department store as part of a new era in thecompany’s pursuit to re-brand itself. Liverpool
department stores, with a 164-year-old history,
have for the most part always been one of themain anchor stores for large shopping centers in
Mexico.
Located in the northern car-dependent suburbof Interlomas on the outskirts of Mexico City, thisrelatively new suburb is characterized by a lack ofopen public space and a myriad of roads on whichpedestrians are not welcomed.

Environment:		urban
Material:		 angel hair polished stainless		steelManufacturer:		ZAHNER
Architects:		 Rojkind Arquitectos
Photographs:		 Paul Rivera
More information:		 rojkindarquitectos.com

Picture courtesy of Paul Rivera

Picture courtesy of Paul Rivera

Picture courtesy of Paul Rivera

SHOPPING

108 - ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONS

BACK_? __ ← →Harvey Nicholls Store
Kuwait, Kuwait
The design of the store façade can probably best
be described by saying that it looks like lots andlots of towering organ pipes. Convoluted rivulets
of gold piping run from floor to ceiling on themain area of the façade and are echoed again on
the first floor and in the interior. The façade is
not only visible from the outside, it forms part ofthe backdrop for the Veranda restaurant on thefirst floor as seen in the image below. The store
is located on The Grand Avenue and the feel isthat of an outdoor avenue lined with palms andboutiques. Although the store is under cover froman arched glazed canopy the cladding is exactly as
if the store were facing the outdoor elements. The
clientele were analysed and clearly understoodto demand a luxurious shopping experience aswell as the opportunity to buy luxury goods. The
pressure would be on to make this store standout, in a shopping complex with this fanfare andlevels of expectation. The UK’s Harvey Nichols
Edinburgh and Bristol stores restrained claddingsof local stones and granites needed to be matchedin gravitas and “wow” factor in Middle East
terms of reference. The answer could only begold. This is where the Double Stone Steel PVD
coated coloured stainless steel could really be
the only alternative to actual gold. The successis indubitable as in every marketing piece for The

Avenues, Harvey Nichols’ store is firmly in theframe. The Arabic love of, or indeed reverence
for, gold goes back centuries. The first Arabiangold was mined in 3000BC in what is known as“The Cradle of Gold”, its real name being Mahd
adh Dhahab, the leading mining area within the
Arabian Peninsula. In this instance, the store
front is not clad with actual gold (unlike the store
designed by Rem Koolhaas, Fondazione Prada,
Milan which is clad in 24 carat gold leaf). It gleams
and has the rich depth of hue and allure of gold
but is in fact PVD coated coloured stainless steel.
PVD was specified for its durability and ease ofhandling during construction.

Environment:		urban
Material:		 316 PVD coloured (gold) 		
		 stainless steel
Manufacturer: 		 Double Stone Steel
Architects:		Gensler
Photographs:		 Double Stone SteelMore information:		 doublestonesteel.com

SHOPPING

110 - ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONS

BACK_? __ ← →Tokyu Plaza Omotesandou
Harajuku
Tokyo, Japan
This building, located at the intersection of
Omotesando and Meiji-Dori, uses stainless steel
panels to create an enormous kaleidoscope
which was designed by Mr. Hiroshi Nakamura.
He designed this kaleidoscope façade to direct
to customers an exhilaration and bustling bygiving specialized experience. There were twochallenges for this design. First, the panel must
be completely a mirror which can reflect visitors
to each mirror panel again and again. The
mirror panels therefore must have a high quality
condition at their flatness. Second, each of thetriangular panels that make up the kaleidoscope
has a unique shape, and is positioned at angles
mathematically determined. Thus it is required
to have high designing and technical technology
of construction. In order to implement theseends, they developed a very flexible basement
design system and a fiver laser welding method
which can reduce the heat effect for panels.
The assembly system is atypical, with the peak
points of the panels positioned using backing withconical tips, and the triangular panels attachedby hinges to the ceiling joist, which connect to thepeak.

Environment:		urban
Material:		 304 mirror polished stainless		 steel with a thickness of 				 3.0 mm
Manufacturer:		 Kikukawa Kogyo Co., Ltd. / 				 Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd.
Architects:		 Hiroshi Nakamura & NAP + 				 Takenaka Corporation
Photographs:		 Kikukawa Kogyo Co., Ltd.
More information:		 kikukawa.com or		nisshin-steel.co.jp

SHOPPING

112 - ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONS

BACK_? __ ← →Fashion Drive MallMonterrey, Mexico
Fashion Drive Mall is located in Monterrey, Nuevo
León, a city in the north of Mexico. The façade wasdesigned and built by “Grupo Básica”, a Mexican
company specialized in design, consultancy andinstallation of façades. The owner of the mallwanted the project to become an icon of the area,
an attractive element that would enhance it.
Different materials such as stone or phenolics
were considered, but stainless steel convinced
the designer for the shine that only stainless canoffer, in addition to the economic advantages
such as its durability and low maintenance. The
façade consists of a set of rectangular stainlesssteel sheets placed in an overlap simulating theappearance of fish scales. 316L stainless steel
was used. 24 gauge was chosen to facilitate
the bending required by the mechanical union
between the sheets. The surface finish is anuanced finish with worm-like figures in orderto reduce the brightness to avoid dazzling thedrivers, but at the same time shine enough toattract people to get in to the mall.
The construction lasted just over a year beginningin July 2016 and ending in September 2017.
The mechanical union between the stainless
scales was made by the flat lock system. On theedges of the sheets, were made four 180º bends,
which allowed the hitch between one sheet andanother. In addition, each sheet was assembled
mechanically to the OSB wood substrate of thestructure by bolted stainless clips. This technicof mechanical union avoids the use of welding,adhesives, sealants or liquid elements that could
fail and stain the façade by draining them. The
mechanical assembly also helps to eliminate
the possible effects in long term by dilation andcontraction of a metallic material. The joints tobe floating with each other, allow the material
to expand and contract freely in the changes oftemperature by cycles such as day and night,
winter and summer, without this resulting indamage to the façade. The arrangement as fish
scales makes the façade waterproof since itallows the water to flow freely over the surface
without entering the building, guaranteeing thewatertightness.
Stainless steel façades seem something
complicated or expensive, but it should not be
so. Stainless provides great benefits, with anadequate knowledge of the material, good cutting
to avoid waste and a suitable installation system,
stainless steel is a material competitive withothers in the market. Once installed, it provides
a guarantee for the investment. After one year,
this façade has had an excellent performance, has
not required maintenance and has undoubtedly
enhanced the area by attracting the attention ofpeople passing through the place.

Environment:		urban
Material:		 316L stainless steel, nuance		 finish, with a thickness of 				 0.635 mm
Architects:		 Grupo Basica
Photographs:		 IMINOX, Grupo Basica
More information:		 grupobasica.com or		iminox.org

SPORTS AND LEISURE

114 - ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONS

BACK_? __ ← →Nissan Stadium
Yokohama, JapanOn June 30, 2002 while the Brazilian team captain
Cafu holds the golden cup high up in the air andsome 2.7 million paper cranes flew down fromthe sky, the 2002 FIFA World Cup™ “the Stage ofa Dream” closed its curtain. At Nissan Stadium,
which was called International Stadium Yokohama
at that time, four games including the finals were
held, and it was crowded with 260,000 spectatorsfrom Japan and abroad. We have received highpraise for wonderfulness of a stadium with aseating capacity of 70,000.
Having been recognized by the global community,
Nissan Stadium will continue providing “the Stageof a Dream”, by hosting international sports
events, live concerts of various artists, and byoffering the guided stadium tour and its running
track open for public.
With 72,327 seats, the stadium has the largest
spectator capacity in Japan. All the seats areindividually sectioned with 90 cm of space between
rows, so spectators can sit back and enjoy thegames in comfort. To ensure that spectators do
not miss any of the drama, large screens are
installed on both Side Stands for instant replaysof outstanding plays and scores. Additionally,
the sound coming from the 528 loudspeakers
adds emotion and excitement to the game. Threequarters of the seating area is covered by a largeroof.
In this stadium, a roof by stainless steel vibration
damping steel plate welding method was adopted.
This roof is designed to emphasize the airinessof the roof using a gentle curved line that takes
into consideration the surrounding environment,a landscape as a park facility, an image as asports facility. Especially by adopting the welding
method of stainless steel damped steel plate,
in addition to preventing metal sounds causedby rain and wind, beautiful shape with more
durability is further enhancing the sense ofquality.

Environment:		urban
Material:		 304 and 316 stainless steel
Weight:		 146 tonnes
Manufacturer:		 Nippon Metal Industry Co. 		
		Ltd.
Architect:		 Takenaka Corporation a.o.
Pictures:		 Yokohama Sports Association
More information:		 nissan-stadium.jp

SPORTS AND LEISURE

116 - ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONS

BACK_? __ ← →Longchamp Hippodrome
Paris, France
The origins of the Longchamp racecourse dateback to the 19th century. However, numerous
remodeling and extension projects have led to arather non-transparent network of buildings andareas. Perrault therefore proposed tearing down
the existing stands, as well as multiple buildings
spread across the site, to create space for a new
grandstand and pavilions that would secure
the infrastructure required at a horse racing
venue. Various historic buildings – including theadministration building, stables and totalizator –were also renovated and extended in line with hisconcept.
The colours selected for the buildings – natural
tones such as ocher and brown – as well as thewooden-clad spectator terraces help the hugebuilding structure blend in with its environment.
When designing the façades, Perrault once again
put his faith in the various metallic fabrics offeredby GKD.
For the horizontally movable, full-height solar
protection elements of the grandstand andpavilions that flank the representative stairway
up to the main entrance of Paris Longchamp,
he selected golden stainless steel fabric of thetype ESCALE 7x1.5. It’s spirals create interesting
light effects throughout the seasons. Whenclosed the panels, which measure more than

three meters in height and 1.70 meters in width,
protect the stand from becoming uncomfortably
hot, thereby supporting the building’s
sophisticated energy concept. The structure,
like all of the hippodrome’s other new buildings,
complies with the HQE standard (Haute Qualité
Environnementale).
At the same time, the open fabric structure gently
filters daylight and allows it into the rooms,
creating bright and pleasant spaces. Thanks
to their unrestricted outward views, the solar
protection panels also meet the explicit aim oftransparency. At night, interior lighting grants
views into the building from the outside throughthe metallic membrane. During daylight hours,
the shimmering membrane engages in a delicate
dialog with the natural environment and lends thestand a sense of Mediterranean lightness thanks
to its warm shade of gold.
ParisLongchamp therefore breaks away the oldpattern of classic racecourses and instead focuseson networking the poles of sports and events,
nature and prestige,
innovation and tradition to create a unique worldof experiences that can more than hold its own ininternational comparisons.

Environment:		 park side
Material:		 gold coloured 316 stainless 				steelManufacturer:		 GKD Escale 7*1.5
Architects:		 Dominique Perrault
Photographs:		 Dominique Perrault
More information:		 gkd.de or impetus-pr.deSPORTS AND LEISURE

118 - ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONS

BACK_? __ ← →Yanuma Stadium
New Delhi, India
The portfolio of famous sporting venues withmetallic mesh reflects the virtually inexhaustible
formal language and functionality of thisindustrial base material in stadium construction.
The most recent example is the Yamuna Stadiumin New Delhi, India, which was opened in thesummer of 2010 for the largest sporting event in
the city’s history, the Commonwealth Games. With
272 competitions in 17 sporting disciplines, aswell as over 7,000 athletes and officials from theCommonwealth states, this event enjoys reverencecomparable with the Olympic Games among
the countries that take part. The venue for thearchery and table tennis events was the Yamuna

Environment:		urban
Material:		 316 stainless steel
Manufacturer:		GKD-Tigris
Architects:		 Peddle Thorp
Photographs:		 GKD/Badri NarayanMore information:		 gkd.de or impetus-pr.deSports Complex in the 16-million metropolis of
New Delhi. With seating for 5,000 spectators,
10 practice areas and a multifunctional hall, theplanners at Peddle Thorp Architects, Melbourne,
developed a stadium that can hold its own against
any other venue worldwide. The façades of thecircular building employ 86 “Tigris” stainlesssteel mesh panels to create a visually seamlessshell. With intelligent interplay of reflection andtransparency, its woven skin transforms the
sporting venue into a modern interpretation ofcoexistence. At the same time, the mesh provides
effective sun protection for the subtropical climate
in New Delhi with temperatures well in excess of
40°C.

SPORTS AND LEISURE

120 - ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONS

BACK_? __ ← →Estadio Wanda Metropolitano
Madrid, Spain
Bigger, more convenient, more spectacular: thenew stadium of the top Spanish club Atlético
Madrid is among the very elite of European
soccer arenas. After six years in construction, thetradition-steeped club opened the doors of theEstadio Wanda Metropolitano in the north-east of
the Spanish capital. A large screen on the western
façade above the main entrance gets arrivingfans in the mood for the match ahead with video
sequences from previous games and emotional
images. Yet the transparent MEDIAMESH®
system from GKD nevertheless blends in perfectlywith the puristic façade design. As a result, thespectacularly sweeping roof with integrated

LED bands, the bright, horizontally perforated
façade and the MEDIAMESH® display all blend in
together perfectly.
The stadium did not have to wait long to score its
first major success: just a few days after it was
opened, the European soccer governing bodyUEFA awarded the Champions League final to
the Estadio Wanda Metropolitano. Atlético Madrid
will therefore host the final of the continent’s top
club competition on June 1, 2019 – an event thatlast took place in Spain at the Santiago Bernabéu
stadium of local rivals Real Madrid in 2010. The
spectators at the Champions League final willthen enjoy a fitting welcome from the imposing
MEDIAMESH® screen from GKD.

Environment:		urban
Material:		 316 stainless steel
Manufacturer:		 GKD Mediamesh
Photographs:		GKDMore information:		 gkd.de or impetus-pr.deSPORTS AND LEISURE

122 - ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONS

BACK_? __ ← →Optus Stadium Park
Perth, Australia
Optus Stadium officially opened on 21 January
2018 and is the new home game venue of local
Australian Football League teams Fremantle
Football Club and the West Coast Eagles.
The impressive Arbour stands 10 m tall and 20 mwide, and stretches 450 m around the south sideof the Stadium. It connects a new six-platform
railway station to the Swan River, over which theMatagarup Bridge is currently being constructedto provide pedestrian access to East Perth. Overa thousand stainless steel cables were installedon the 43 arches that make up the Arbour tocreate a tensile structure in the form of a canopy.
Suspended on the structure using bespoke fittingsare 3,076 bronzed artwork panels reflecting
Whadjuk and Noongar stories.
Stadium Park was constructed on wetlands with
cultural heritage significance to the Indigenous
community, and its rich Aboriginal history was

the inspiration behind the Arbour’s design. Morethan 13 tonnes of grade 316 stainless steel wasused, including in excess of 14 km of 16 mm
and 8 mm hammaTM X 1x19 wire rope supplied
by ASSDA Member Arcus Wire Group, 20,000
bespoke fittings and over 34,000 screws. Stainlesssteel was specified for the cable net canopy
for its strength and durability to withstand theharsh Western Australian weather conditions,
including powerful coastal winds driven fromthe Indian Ocean. The 16 mm edge cables on the
structure were tensioned to forces up to 52kN,
with the 8 mm longitudinal and transversal cables
tensioned up to maximum of 11kN.
In addition, the high quality and aesthetical valueof stainless steel complemented the Arbour’s
design in creating an eye-catching structure forpatrons. Structural Dynamics provided value
engineering and practical advice to the projectengineer Maffeis Engineering and projectarchitect Hassell on how to best integrate

stainless steel tensile systems into the design.
Their in-house team of engineers used structuraland finite element analysis as components of thedetailed analysis and modelling on how the cable
design would behave and interact within a tensilearchitecture installation.
Structural Dynamics also worked withengineering firm Partridge to undertake the final
design, review, slip testing of the bespoke cableclamps and final sign off for the project. Each of
the eight different types of cable edge clamps
were sent to the National Association of Testing
Authorities’ (NATA) accredited laboratory for slip
testing under wet and dry conditions to ensure
their strength and adequacy.
The cable fittings were designed to the AS 1170
series: Structural Design Action, AS 4100: Steel
Structures and AS 2759: Steel Wire Rope – Use,
Operation and Maintenance.
Environment:		marine
Material:		 316 stainless steel wire with		 a thickness of 8.16 mm
Manufacturer:		 Arcus Wire Group
Architects:		 Structural Dynamics /		 COX Architecture
Photographs:		 Structural Dynamics / 				MakmaxMore information:		 strudyna.com.au or		
assda.asn.au

OTHER

124 - ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONS

BACK_? __ ← →New Bright Annealing Line of
Aperam Gueugnon
Gueugnon, France
Today’s steel mills are moving away from thefunction-over-form of the past and embracing
a more aesthetic approach. A case-in-point is
Aperam’s Gueugnon site, where the traditional
skyline of tall chimneys spitting out multicoloured fumes is being replaced by shining,
futuristic towers. The new 68.30 m tower iscovered with 0.8 mm thick bright annealed (Uginox
Bright) stainless steel cladding – produced andannealed on-site. While inside the tower houses
the furnace and the accumulator, outside it blends
perfectly into the surrounding landscape and has
become a point of pride for both Aperam and local
residents alike.

Environment:		urban
Material:		 Aperam 304 with Uginox 				 Bright finish
Manufacturer:		Aperam
Photographs:		Aperam
More information:		 aperam.com

126 - ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONS

BACK_? __ ← →127 - ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONS

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About ISSF
The International Stainless Steel Forum (ISSF) is a
non-profit research and development organisation
which was founded in 1996 and which serves as
the focal point for the international stainless steel
industry.

Contact us
issf@issf.org+32 2 702 89 00

Who are the members?

ISSF has two categories of membership: company
members and affiliated members. Company
members are producers of stainless steel(integrated mills and rerollers). The association
has 56 members from all over the world andcurrently represents approximately 90% of thetotal production of stainless steel.

More information

For more information about ISSF, please consult
our website worldstainless.org.
For more information about stainlesssteel and sustainability, please consult thesustainablestainless.org website.

Disclaimer

The International Stainless Steel Forum believes that the information
presented is technically correct. However, ISSF, its members, staff
and consultants specifically disclaim any and all liability or responsibility of any kind for loss, damage, or injury resulting from the use of
the information contained in this brochure.

worldstainless.org