The Study Programme
for the Improvement of the Social Welfare System

Country Reports

Japan International Corporation of Welfare Services (JICWELS)Contents
1. Bangladesh

12. Laos

72

3. Malaysia

100

4. Nepal125

5. Philippines143

6. Sri Lanka

162

7. Thailand

174

The Study Programme
for the Improvement of the Social Welfare System

Bangladesh-1-TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Basic Indicators
2. Organizations of the Social Welfare and its Administration
3. Types of Available Social Welfare Services
4. Finance
5. Donor supported/funded aid projects in Social Welfare
6. Social Welfare related policy within the National Development
Plan
7. Training and qualification of support personnel for Social
Welfare8. NGOs’ activities
9. Strategy for Social Welfare
10. Difficulties / Challenges that Bangladesh is facing in the fieldof Social Welfare
11. Appendices 01,02,03,04 & 05.

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(b) Organizational Chart of the organizations under Ministry of Social Welfare

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-8-

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Fiscal Year

Total National
BudgetMinistry of Social Welfare
Budget2002‐03
2003‐04
2004‐05
2005‐06
2006‐07
2007‐08
2008‐09
2009‐10
2010‐112011‐122012‐1342460.00
43689.00
57248.00
64383.00
69740.00
87137.00
99963.00
113819.00
132170.00
163589.00
191731.00

352.79407.27512.46626.75768.15811.43994.401302.811987.00
2042.00
2056.99(Budget in Crore BDT1)
Social Welfare Budget
as % of Total national
Budget
0.83%
0.93%
0.90%
0.97%
1.10%
0.93%
0.99%
1.14%
1.50%
1.25%
1.07%

b. Trends in the Social Welfare Budget by level and Agency over the past 10 years in local
currency and USD(Budget in Crore BDT)

Fiscal Year
2002‐03
2003‐04
2004‐05
2005‐06
2006‐07
2007‐08
2008‐09
2009‐10
2010‐112011‐122012‐13

1

Ministry of Social Welfare Budget
Non development
Development
253.2099.59
318.7588.52
415.7696.70
536.5090.25
662.43105.72749.6061.83
920.1774.23
1193.50
109.311798.00
189.001780.00
262.001829.30227.691 USD=82 BDT, 1 Cror= 10 Million

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Total
352.79407.27512.46626.75768.15811.43994.401302.811987.00
2042.00
2056.99

Ratio of Social Security expenses to National Budget

Fiscal Year

Total National
Budget2002‐03
2003‐04
2004‐05
2005‐06
2006‐07
2007‐08
2008‐09
2009‐10
2010‐112011‐122012‐1342460.00
43689.00
57248.00
64383.00
69740.00
87137.00
99963.00
113819.00
132170.00
163589.00
191731.00(Budget in Crore BDT)
Trends in the Social
Trends in the
Safety net Budget asSocial Safety% of Total national
net Budget as %Budgetof GDP

Total
National
Safety net
Budget‐13845.00
17327.00
19497.00
22556.00
22751.00

13.85%
15.22%
14.75%
13.79%
11.87%

2.25%
2.52%
2.50%
2.51%
2.18%

c. Trends in terms of the allocation of funds to various line items and services inthe social welfare budget over the last 10 years :Major Cash Transfer Program run by MoSW under National Safety net Program are listed in thefollowing tables
1. Old Age Allowances
Fiscal Year

Number ofBeneficiary(in millions)

Rate, Perman month

BudgetGrowth ofBeneficiary(%)

Growth of
Budget (%)(In BDT)(in Million
BDT))

2000‐01

0.415

100

500.002001‐02

0.415

100

500.000.00

0.00

2002‐03

0.500

125

750.00

20.48

50.00

2003‐04

1.000

150

1800.00

100.00140.00-13-

2004‐05

1.315

165

2603.70

31.50

44.65

2005‐06

1.500

180

3240.00

14.07

24.44

2006‐07

1.600

200

3840.00

6.67

18.52

2007‐08

1.700

220

4488.00

6.25

16.88

2008‐09

2.000

250

6000.00

17.65

33.69

2009‐10

2.250

300

8100.00

12.50

35.00

2010‐11

2.475

300

8910.00

10.00

10.00

2011‐12

2.475

300

8910.00

00.00

00.00

Growth ofBeneficiary(%)

Growth of
Budget (%)

2. Widow and Husband deserted women Allowances
Fiscal Year

Number ofBeneficiary(in millions)

Rate, Perman month

Budget(In BDT)(in Million
BDT))

2000‐01

0.207

100

250.002001‐02

0.207

100

249.60

0.00

‐0.16

2002‐03

0.266

125

400.00

22.18

37.60

2003‐04

0.500

150

900.00

46.80

55.56

2004‐05

0.600

165

1188.00

16.67

24.24

2005‐06

0.625

180

1350.00

4.00

12.00

2006‐07

0.650

200

1560.00

3.85

13.46

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2007‐08

0.750

220

1980.00

13.33

21.21

2008‐09

0.900

250

2700.00

16.67

26.67

2009‐10

0.920

300

3312.00

2.17

18.48

2010‐11

0.920

300

3312.00

0.00

0.00

2011‐12

0.920

300

3312.00

0.00

0.00

3. Person’s with Disability Allowances
Fiscal Year

Number ofBeneficiary(in millions)

Rate, Perman month

BudgetGrowth ofBeneficiary(%)

Growth of
Budget (%)(In BDT)(in Million
BDT))

2000‐01

‐‐

‐‐

‐‐

‐‐

‐‐

2001‐02

‐‐

‐‐

‐‐

‐‐

‐‐

2002‐03

‐‐

‐‐

‐‐

‐‐

‐‐

2003‐04

‐‐

‐‐

‐‐

‐‐

‐‐

2004‐05

‐‐

‐‐

‐‐

‐‐

‐‐

2005‐06

0.104

200

250.00‐‐‐‐2006‐07

0.167

200

400.00

60.58

60.00

2007‐08

0.200

220

528.00

19.76

32.00

2008‐09

0.200

250

600.00

0.00

13.64

2009‐10

0.260

300

936.00

30.00

56.00

2010‐11

0.286

300

1029.60

10.00

10.00

2011‐12

0.286

300

1029.60

0.00

0.00

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4. Person’s with Disability Student Stipend
Fiscal Year

Number ofBeneficiary (inThousands)

Rate, Perman month

Budget(In BDT)(in Million
BDT))

300 to 1000

50.00

Growth ofBeneficiary(%)

Growth of
Budget (%)

2000‐01‐‐

2001‐02‐‐

2002‐03‐‐

2003‐04‐‐

2004‐05‐‐

2005‐06‐‐

2006‐07‐‐

2007‐08

12.21

2008‐09

13.04

60.00

20.00

6.81

2009‐10

17.15

80.00

33.33

31.51

2010‐11

18.62

88.00

10.00

8.57

2011‐12

18.62

88.00

00.00

0.00

5. Capitation Grant for the Orphans of the Non‐government Orphanages
Fiscal Year

Number ofBeneficiary (inThousands)

Rate, Perman month

Budget(In BDT)(in Million
BDT))

2000‐01

23.122400

110.98‐‐

2001‐0223.958400

114.002.72

2002‐0325.833400

125.009.65-16-Growth ofBeneficiary(%)

Growth of
Budget (%)

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b. Financial Sources from foreign assistance for Social Welfare sector by items andamounts

Foreign Assistance

SectorWorld Bank

Development

Amount (in million
BDT)
2445.65(USD 30.2 Million)

UNICEF

Development1254.68(USD 15.489 Million)

UNFPA

Development

64.2(USD 0.793 Million)

Giz

Development

15.255(USD 0.188 Million)

5. Donor supported/funded aid projects of Social Welfare( Table 0.3 )Aided Projects
SCAR (Services forChildren at Risk)

Development Partner
IDA

Amount (in million BDT)
897.6
(USD 11.08 Million)

Promotion of Services
and Opportunities to the
Disabled Persons in
BangladeshChild Sensitive Social
Protection in Bangladesh
Support Service Programfor Socially Disable
Women and Girls

IDA

1548.05(USD 19.12 Million)

UNICEF

1254.68(USD 15.489 Million)
64.2(USD 0.793 Million)

Implementation of UN
Convention on the Rights
of Persons with
Disabilities (UNCRPD)
Project

Giz

UNFPA

15.255(USD 0.188 Million)(Detail in Appendix‐02)-18-

6. Social Welfare related policy within the National Development
Plani. Social Welfare Policy
ii. Protibondhi (Disability) Policy, 1995
iii. Child Policy, 2010

7. Training and qualification of support personnel for Social
WelfareA. Qualification – The basic qualification of the lowest tier social worker called Union Samaj
Kormi (Union Social Worker) Higher Secondary Certificate.
B. Training – They get their basic and other trainings in the Regional Training Centre under
the Department of Social Service.

8. NGOs’ activities(1) The type and nature of NGO activities

a. Nature of the social welfare functions carried out by NGOs

Broadly there are two types of NGOs in Bangladesh‐‐‐rights based NGOs and service delivery
NGOs. The activities of the rights based ones are focused on protection of human rights, legal
rights, rights of women, children, disabled, ethnic minorities, environment etc. Microcredit,-19-

income generation, health, education, technology, capacity development etc. fall within the
broad category of service delivery though they too may have elaborate program on rights issues
and do concentrate on the disadvantaged sections of the society. Some programs of the service
delivery organizations also include certain right based issues
The NGOs actively working in Bangladesh also can be categorized by type & nature throughdifferent sets of criteria, such as, by authority of its registration, area of its geographicalcoverage, size of its programs, stakeholders it addresses, programmatic areas, funding pattern
etc.
There are several authorities registering NGOs in Bangladesh under several laws, though themost are registered under the Department of Social Services under the purview of the
Voluntary Organizations Registration & Regulation Act 1961.
There are small local NGOs working in small confined geographical areas, larger local NGOs
working in larger areas in one or more districts, there are national NGOs and there are theinternational NGOs. Amongst the INGOs, there are several who work in confined areas
operating projects themselves, while there are others who work through forging partnerships
with local & national NGOs.
Some NGOs work with only a certain set of stakeholders, such as ethnic minorities, people withdisabilities, dalits (lower caste people in Hindu community), hijras, river gypsies etc. Many ofthese are self help groups, such as Disabled peoples’ Organizations (DPOs), Sex Workers’organizations. There are also self help organizations addressing larger issues, such as land
rights. Then there are organizations who address multiple types of stake holders.
Some organizations excel in and address only one programmatic area, such as education, or
health, or water & sanitation, or environment. There are others who have several program
components.
Some NGOs operate with a small budget, raised from family sources, or raised within thecommunity. Some operate with large budgets, often bringing in funds from overseas. For suchfunding sources, a separate licensing (registration) with the NGO Affairs Bureau becomesmandatory, and every taka earned & spent needs to be approved by the NGO AB. Some
operate micro finance initiatives, which too need clearance from a different licensing authority(in this case, the central bank).
There are some NGOs who only donate/provide services/assistance during certain times, suchas relief work during & immediately following disasters, others provide longer term support.
There are some who only develop capacities of others (human resources development,
organizational development, material development, communication material (audio‐visual)development etc.

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b. The NGO’s activities in social welfare arena governed and regulatedby the government and the basic guidelines and procedures defining
this regulatory / supporting relationship

The NGOs including those in social welfare arena are registered under any of the following
regulatory Acts :i. The Societies Registration Act, 1860
ii. The Trust Act, 1882
iii. The Voluntary Social Welfare Agencies (Regulation & Control) Ordinance, 1961
iv. The Companies Act, 1994
Most of the NGOs, especially the local based ones, are registered with No. iii. above.

c. Proportion ( % ) of the NGOs activities’ coverage to total Social
Welfare services ( by service category ) ( Table 0.4 ) :We do have one estimate regarding disability programs though. Even though about 1,500 NGOs
claim to work with people with disabilities, we believe that there are approximately 600 NGOs
who have actually qualified human resources to deal with the issues ethically and efficiently.
And there are several hundred DPOs that have been generated over the last ten years or so.
Despite all that, we estimate that people with disabilities living in only about 20% of thegeographical area of Bangladesh has come under some NGO activity/support system. The
remaining 80% are absolutely dependent on the services provided by the Government of
Bangladesh (Ministry of Social Welfare). However, that service too is grossly inadequate.

(2) Financial sources for NGO’s activities other than self‐generated(a) Financial source :i. Own resource
ii. Partnership with big NGOsiii. Implementing Government initiated programs
iv. Foreign funds-21-

(b) Microcredit :
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.

Initially own funding
Loan from Polli Karma Sahayak Foundation (PKSF)
Loan from Banks and Financial Institutions
Borrowers’ savings
Surplus amountAs far as information is available, approximately 60,000 NGOs (including clubs) are registered under DSS. Whereas,
fewer than 2,500 NGOs are registered with the NGO Affairs Bureau, meaning that, only those number of NGOs
operate with foreign funds.

a. In what way does the government subsidize NGOs to provide social welfare
services, if any?
Response: In many ways like subsidizing, granting loans etc.
b. What are the specific areas of social welfare services, if any, that the
government has not supported NGO activities?
Response: Government is supportive in all areas.

9. Strategy for Social Welfare

1. Strategic plan, if any
a. National Strategic Plan
In the MDG Goals for social welfare have been articulated (Annex‐03). Also in the newly
adopted Sixth Five Year Plan Strategic Plan has been elaborated (Annex‐04).

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b. Plan of Action/Master Plan/Operational Plan
As a complement to its policies to promote growth, invest in human and physical capital, andundertake institutional and governance reforms, the Government aims to develop effective
social protection policies, program and plan to address poverty/vulnerability of its population.
These policies, programs and plan aim to help the poor cope with shocks to their incomes byimproving coverage, timeliness, scale and delivery of safety net programs; help workers
retrenched during industrial restructuring, provide access to credit, and strengthen disasterprevention and mitigation strategies.
The government has set the MDG for the social welfare sector (Detail is attached as Appendix‐
3)
In the newly adopted 6th Five Year Plan in Chapter titled ‘POVERTY, INCLUSION AND SOCIALPROTECTION’ government has articulated its strategies, target and action plan to attain thegoals of social welfare (Detail is attached as Appendix‐4). Also in every financial year budget
document, the government describes its social welfare goals. The Social Safety Net program is
the widest program of the government where the aspect of social welfare is also being
prominently focused and addressed. 84 Social Safety Programs run by the Government
involving about 22 Ministries (Annex‐ 05).

c. Actual and past projects based on the plan of actions, and theirresults and subjects to be solved :If we compare the basic social indicators chronologically for past years, we notice a slow but
steady improvement in various areas of social development.

2. Future plan of action

Future plan of action has been articulated in the newly adopted Sixth Five Year Plan (in Annex‐
4)

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a. Welfare services for children(i) Community Sensitization (ii) Community Empowerment (iii) Cash Support(iv) Case Management System(Undertaken through a TA Project by UNICEF funding)b. Welfare services for the elderly

iv. Increase in Old Age Allowances (ii) Old Home (Government and Private) (iv) Medical
Services for the Elderlyc. Welfare services for the persons with disabilitiesi.

Disability help and Rehabilitation Centre in every Districtd. Others

10. Difficulties / Challenges that Bangladesh is facing in the fieldof Social Welfare•

Budget limitations and budget crunch.

•

Change in policies/programs with political change.

•

No delegation at local government level•

Absence of reliable and updated data. Lack of unified data‐base.

•

Weakness/ Backwardness in the use of IT.

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•

Lack of national strategic plan and time‐bound action plan.

•

Sustainability of the programs.

•

Weak coordination among ministries and agencies.

•

Weak coordination between government and NGOs.

•

Inadequate manpower.

•

Lack of organizational capability.

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Basic Indicators
Indicator(s)Data

1. Area

147,570 sq.km.

Year

2. Population By Age‐Groups And Sex
a. Total population (m)142.32b. Population Ages 0‐14 (% of total)

Male‐17.8%

2011 *

Female‐16.8%
Total‐34.6%
c. Population Ages 15‐64 (% of total)

Male‐31.34%
Female‐30.06%(male
47,862,774/female
45,917,674)

Total‐61.4%
d. Population Ages 65 and above (% of total)

Male‐02.15%

Total‐ 4%(male2,731,578/female
2,361,435) (2006est.)

3. Urban Population (%)

27%

2009 Est.**

4. Rate of natural increase of population(%per annum)

1.34

2011*

5. Birth Rate (Per 1,000 population)

24.68 births/1,000
population2009 Est**

6. Total Fertility Rate

2.6 children born/woman

2011**

7. Death Rate (Per 1,000 population)

8 deaths/1,000(2009 est.)**Female‐01.85%-26-

population
8. Infant Mortality Rate(Per 1,000 births)

59.02 deaths/1,000 live
births

`9. Life Expectancy at BirthTotal‐ 60.25 years

2011**

Male‐ 57.57 years
Female‐ 63.03 years
10. GDP per capita (USD)

675 (750)

2011 (WB Report)

11. Average number of members perhousehold

3.5

2010***

12. Ratio of Father & Motherless Families tothe total

Not known/date notavailable

13. Average age of first marriage

Man‐ 28.9

1991**

Woman‐ 18.1
14. Divorce rate (Per 1,000 population)

Not known/data notavailable

15. Ratio of Females in the labor force to thetotal labor force

572

16. Annual Total Working Hours

Not known/data notavailable

17. GINI Index

32.123

18. Ratio of Social Security Expenses to
National Income
19. Number of Disabled People by Category

2

World Bank data

3

World Bank Data

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2011

2010

a. Deaf
b. Blindc. Physically Disabled
d. Mentally Retarded
f. Others

20. Number of Schools for Disabled Children
by Type

To ascertain the
Number, natureand degree of
disabilities
Bangladesh
Government has
undertaken apiloting survey insome designatedareas in thisfinancial year.
Next year thewhole country will
come under thissurvey. Once thesurvey iscompleted, ourgovernment will
be in a position toknow thesituation.

Blind
Deaf & Dumb
Physically Disabled
Mentally Disabled
Autistic

21. Number of Social Welfare Institutions by
Type(1) Government Children
Family (Orphanage)‐ 85(2)Tiny‐to Shelter Home
(Very small baby Center)‐06(3) Day‐care Center‐01-28-

Run byDepartment ofSocial Services

(4)Shelter Home‐ 06(5)Training &Rehabilitation Center for
Destitute Children‐03(6) Juvenile Development
Center‐0203(7) PHT Center‐04(8)Government Deaf &Dumb School‐ 01(9) Government Blind
School‐01(10) Training &Rehabilitation Centers for
Physically Handicapped(11) National Training.
Rehabilitation Center for
Blind(12)Institute for mentally
Handicapped children(13)Training &Rehabilitation Centers forsocially Handicapped
women(14) Safe Home forFemale and Female
children in contact withlaw(15) Combined Blind
Education Center(16) Pre Vocational-29-

Training Center(17) Women
Socioeconomic Training
Center(18) Vocational Training &Rehabilitation Centers for
Destitute(19) Training &Rehabilitation Centers for
Vagrants(20) Autism Resource
CenterRun by National
Foundation for
Development of
Disabled(21) Pre School for
Autistic Children(22) Special School for
Autistic Children(23) Assistance & Service
Center for Disabled(24) Mobile
Proposed/Under
Therapy/Disability
implementation byComplex/ Disability Sports NFDD
Complex)* Population & Housing Census, 2011, Preliminary Results, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. **Wikipedia: Demographics of Bangladesh *** answer.yahoo-30-

Appendix ‐2
Aided Project Brief(In Lakh Taka)
1.

Name of the Project

2. Objectives of the Projects

Services for Children at Risk (SCAR)‐ (IDA)

3. Implementation Periods

1. To expand the coverage, use and quality of social
care services for children at risk as a means ofpromoting equity and social inclusion.
2. To reduce vulnerabilities of children‐at‐risk bycontributing to creating a safe environment forthem.
3. To ensure Psycho‐social Protection and Rights ofthe children according to CRC and Children Act‐
1974.
January, 2009‐ December, 2014.

4. Estimated Cost

Total : 8976.00 ($ 110.81 lakh)
GOB : 84.00
P.A : 8892.00 ($ 109.77 lakh)(In Lakh Taka)

1.

Name of the Project

2. Objectives of the Projects

3. Implementation Periods

Child Sensitive Social Protection in Bangladesh ‐(UNICEF)
1. Provide technical support to operationalise andreplicate the minimum package of social
protection services in selected area (outreachsocial work, case management, mobile team andhelpline, CFS, Cash Transfer, temporary andemergency shelter, integration) and support tominimum standards adoption andimplementation.
2. Provide technical support to strengthen
institutional monitoring of minimum carestandards implementation.
3. Documentation and knowledge management forpolicy influencing and resources leveraging.
January, 2012‐ December, 2016.

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4. Estimated Cost

Total : 12546.80 ( $ 154.89 lakh)
GOB : 39.24
P.A : 12507.56 ($ 154.40 lakh)(In Lakh Taka)

1.

Name of the Project

Support Services Program for Socially Disadvantaged
Women for Socially Disadvantaged Women and Girls(UNFPA)

2. Objectives of the Projects

3. Implementation Periods

1. Policies and legal framework aimed atpreventing violence against women (VAW),
protecting and supporting survivors adopted,
implemented and monitored.
2. Social attitudes and behavioural changes
effected to reduce violence against women VAW
and discriminatory practices.
3. Conductive environment created, and capacities
enhanced for providing support and care forwomen and girls who are vulnerable to, and/ or
have surved, violence.
January, 2010‐ December, 2012.

4. Estimated Cost

Total : 642.00 ($ 7.93 lakh)
GOB : ‐‐
P.A : 642.00 ( $ 7.93 lakh)(In Lakh Taka)

1.

Name of the Project

Implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of
Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) (GIZ)

2. Objectives of the Projects

The overall aim of the work proposal is tostrengthen the capacity of the relevant statebodies and non-governmental organizations
working with persons with disabilities at selectedpilot sites of the sub-district and district level todevelop, implement and monitor action plans forthe realization of the CRPD.

3. Implementation Periods

January’ 2012‐June’ 2013

4. Estimated Cost

Total : 152.55 ($ 1.88 lakh)-32-

GOB : ‐‐P.A : 152.55 ($ 1.88 lakh)(In Lakh Taka)
1.

Name of the Project

2. Objectives of the Projects

Promotion of Services and Opportunities to the
Disabled Persons in Bangladesh (IDA)

3. Implementation Periods

1. To strengthen the JPUF by increasing the coverageand quality of disability services, awareness, andcapacity;
2. To improve the knowledge –base and monitoringof disability in Bangladesh;3. To improve the capacity to advocate on national
policies related to the disabled community.
July, 2008‐ June, 2014.

4. Estimated Cost

Total : 15480.49 ( $ 191.18 lakh)
GOB : ‐‐
P.A : 15480.49 ( $ 191.18 lakh)-33-

Appendix‐3
Millennium Development Goals: Bangladesh Progress at a Glance

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-35-

-36-

-37-

Strategies in Sixth Five Year Plan (SFYP)
Appendix‐4
Persons with Disabilities
The Government envisions promoting and protecting rights of persons with disabilities andfacilitates their full participation and inclusion in mainstream social, political and cultural lives.
They will be enabled to lead productive and meaningful lives through access to education,
health care, food and nutrition, employment and protection, and security in society. The
Government is strongly committed to the advancement and rights of persons with disabilities
by virtue of the Constitution which enshrines equal rights and status for every citizen and bysigning the UN Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Beijing Proclamationon the Full Participation and Equality with Disability in Asia and the Pacific Region. A National
Disability Action Plan has been formulated involving all related ministries. The Ministry of Social
Welfare has taken up programs for enabling and integrating persons with disabilities withmainstream of society through various programs including stipend programs for students,
subsistence allowance, skill training, and interest free micro credit. In addition to its own
initiatives, the government provides funds to NGOs to provide education facilities to persons
with mental disability. Despite some progress, access to special education, training andrehabilitation, equal opportunities, creation of employment and income generating
opportunities, social security, accessibility to physical facilities, fixation of quota, andprevention of disabilities are not yet fully ensured since different ministries are not legally
responsible for addressing disability issues in their action plans. Proper supervision andmonitoring of NGO activities is essential.
Proposed actions: Along with expansion of integrated education program for visually impaired
children, existing institutions for hearing impaired and mentally retarded children will be
expanded. New institutions will be established to provide access to more children withdisabilities at primary, secondary and tertiary levels. A collaborative effort among thegovernment, NGOs and the private sector will be encouraged to expedite the expansion of theexisting institutions, establish new institutions, and undertake teachers’ training and action
researches on disability. The Government is strongly committed to the advancement and rightsof persons with disabilities by virtue of the Constitution which enshrines equal rights and status
for every citizen and by signing the UN Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities andthe Beijing Proclamation on the Full Participation and Equality with Disability in Asia and thePacific Region. A National Disability Action Plan has been formulated involving all related
ministries. The Ministry of Social Welfare has taken up programs for enabling and integrating
persons with disabilities with mainstream of society through various programs including stipend
programs for students, subsistence allowance, skill training, and interest free micro credit. In
addition to its own initiatives, the government provides funds to NGOs to provide education
facilities to persons with mental disability. Despite some progress, access to special education,
training and rehabilitation, equal opportunities, creation of employment and income
generating opportunities, social security, accessibility to physical facilities, fixation of quota, andprevention of disabilities are not yet fully ensured since different ministries are not legally
responsible for addressing disability issues in their action plans. Proper supervision andmonitoring of NGO activities is essential.
Proposed actions: Along with expansion of integrated education program for visually impaired
children, existing institutions for hearing impaired and mentally retarded children will be
expanded. New institutions will be established to provide access to more children withdisabilities at primary, secondary and tertiary levels. A collaborative effort among thegovernment, NGOs and the private sector will be encouraged to expedite the expansion of theexisting institutions, establish new institutions, and undertake teachers’ training and action-38-researches on disability. Action will be taken in the health sector to (i) strengthen early
detection of symptoms of disability and provide primary medical rehabilitation; (ii) undertake anutrition program for pregnant women; (iii) appoint trainee doctors, nurses and othercaregivers to deal with disability issues; and (iv) introduce support services of assistive devices
and equipment at the health centers. Measures will be taken so that persons with disabilities
can have access to all physical facilities and information and communication. Inclusion of
persons with disabilities in various national and community level decision making processes
that affect their lives would be ensured. Services like early detection and timely medical
intervention, fitment of artificial aids and appliances, educational services in special andintegrated schools, vocational rehabilitation and micro credit will be provided to persons withdisabilities through community based rehabilitation (CBR) program in the rural areas. The
requirements of the poor and vulnerable, including women and children, will be prioritized in
all activities implemented under the action plan. The Climate Change Action Plan comprises
immediate, short, medium and long‐term programs. The serious consequences of climatechange, including especially the consequences for Bangladesh, lead naturally to the question ofwhat should be our response. Two types of response need to be considered. The first relates toadaptation, i.e., measures that have to be taken given the very high likelihood that climatechange will occur and will have adverse effects. The second relates to mitigation, i.e. steps to betaken that might reduce the extent of climate change.
The Bangladesh Disability Welfare Act would be amended to clarify definitions of disability andmake it consistent with standards set out internationally on disability rights. The National
Coordination Committee for persons with disabilities would be strengthened to monitor andcoordinate activities of different ministries/divisions.
Disadvantaged and Extreme Poor Groups
There are some disadvantaged and stigmatized groups (such as laundryman, cobbler, hair‐cutter, and other traditional low caste people) who are subject to social injustice and are
marginalized, and have little opportunities for overcoming their harsh realities. The vision forthese disadvantaged and extreme poor groups is to include them into the mainstream ofsociety by ensuring their participation in socioeconomic activities and to promote and protect
their human rights, reduce their persistent poverty, and ensure education and skill training forincome generating activities. Several actions are already in progress for the development of thedisadvantaged groups. Among the coastal fishing communities various activities such as
savings/credit schemes, promotion of alternative income generating schemes for men andwomen, improving access to social services and building their capacity to face and survive
natural disasters have been introduced. Development activities for the sweeper community
have been undertaken by NGOs. The owners of tea gardens have entered into agreement withthe trade union of tea garden workers to enhance their wages and provide subsidized food.
Similarly, communities like kaibarta/namasudra, jalo (fishermen), dhopas, napits and othergroups face decaying occupations. The Ministry of Social Welfare has implemented capacity
and livelihood development program for socially disadvantaged women with a view to creating
employment/self‐employment of sex‐workers and their children in selected cities.
Proposed actions: The cooperation and involvement of local bodies i.e. Upazila and Union-39-

Parishads and NGOs will help to locate/ identify the disadvantaged people to enable them toparticipate in development activities. Government functionaries at upazila, district, anddivisional/national level will coordinate their activities. The Ministry of Land would give priority
to allotting khas land to people of the disadvantaged communities for settlement under the
Asrayan project. For the tea garden workers, planters/owners would be encouraged to earmark
land within the estates so that they can build their own dwelling.
SOCIAL PROTECTION PROGRAMS FOR THE POOR AND VULNERABLE
The Importance of Social Protection
The diverse underlying causes of poverty in Bangladesh include vulnerability, social exclusion,and lack of assets and productive employment; although the main symptom is often hunger.
The extreme vulnerable poor can potentially lift themselves out of poverty with appropriate
short to medium‐term support. The extreme dependent poor, who are old, disabled or
chronically sick, will depend on long‐term social protection to survive. The children of theextreme poor, who are stunted or malnourished, are vulnerable to harassment, and have
limited, or no access to education. A sharp rise in inequality would not only undermine theimpact of growth, but may also threaten social cohesion and breed instability and discontent.
Both poor and non‐poor families are vulnerable to shocks (e.g. natural disasters, healthproblems) that can return them quickly into extreme poverty. There are four major concernsthat the current rate of progress in reducing extreme poverty may not be maintained: (1)slowdown in the global economy together with domestic factors; (2) growing population
density is likely to force more of the poorest people to live in the most vulnerable areas; (3)climate change will exacerbate the vulnerability of poor people to environmental shocks, withthe predicted increase in extreme climate events; and (4) demographic and social changes may
further increase vulnerability and social exclusion. Risks and vulnerability are mainstream
problems in the lives of the average Bangladeshi and are recognized as such by governments,
individuals and communities. Safety Net Programs to address risk and vulnerability have been
an integral part of the anti‐poverty strategy of this and previous governments. However, withinformal safety nets eroding, newer risks emerging from rapid processes of urbanization andglobal economic integration, and, stronger assertion of mitigation demands from a
democratizing polity, a holistic re‐thinking on the direction, scope and design of safety net
policies in particular and social protection policy in general has become necessary. Social
protection includes safety nets, various forms of social insurance, labor market policies as wellas processes of self‐help existing or emerging within society. Risk reduction and social
protection are important not only in themselves but also because an unaddressed risk
atmosphere carry negative psychological consequences for the livelihood initiatives of the poorand for community efforts at social cohesion. Effective policy initiative based on a holistic
approach to social protection will require a sharper profiling of risks, old and new. These
include disasters, anticipated risks such as monga and seasonal poverty, public health risks
associated with the urbanization process, social ills such as dowry, erosion of family‐based
safety nets and emergence of new vulnerable groups such as the elderly and the disabled, and,the uneven globalization process which may give rise to new categories of poor whether interms of worker displacement, livelihood losses or victims of environmental disasters. An
important corollary of moving towards a comprehensive approach to social protection-40-

programs is the need to streamline the institutional strategy for implementation. The potentialof local government bodies, particularly the Union Parishad, to coordinate a streamlined
institutional strategy needs to be actively explored.
The Government’s Social Protection Programs
The Social Protection Programs address basic needs of the poor and vulnerable people, namely
food, shelter, education and health. Among the primary government programs are: Food forWorks (FFW), Vulnerable Group Development (VGD), Vulnerable Group Feeding (VGF), Open
Market Sales (OMS), Cash for Work (CFW), Gratuitous Relief (GR),100 days employment
guarantee scheme, old‐age allowances, and allowances for retarded people, allowances forwidow and distressed women, and grants for orphanages. There are also micro‐credit
programs, allowances for freedom fighters, programs for the physically challenged, and so on.
Distressed people particularly women, children and disabled persons have been given priority.
Programs are implemented through both non‐development budget and development budget.
The Government views poverty from two broad perspectives – income poverty and humanpoverty. It identifies direct and indirect social protection programs to address these two typesof 166 poverty, where the direct measures (income/ employment generating programs) areconsidered as those that are targeted towards the poor, and indirect measures (humandevelopment program) are growth oriented and hence expected to leave indirect effects onpoverty reduction. Examples of indirect or growth oriented measures cover mostly
infrastructural development and rehabilitation programs. However there are also safety net
programs that merge the two concepts of direct and indirect measures. For example, a direct
measure like Food for Work program that is targeted towards the poor is also used to constructinfrastructural services, falling in the category of indirect measure. Table 6.6 presents thenames and examples of major types of social protection programs in Bangladesh.
Table 6.6: The Main Types of Social Protection Programs in Bangladesh

Source: Ministry of Finance

Apart from their poverty focus, a part of the social protection programs is aimed at addressing
the special needs of target groups within the poor and underprivileged group: physicallychallenged children, disabled persons, socially excluded population in tribal areas. Another partis transitory in nature that comes into play during natural disasters. For all programs the-41-

institutional arrangements are as important as their financing. Evidence suggests that the scopefor improving the design of programs, their targeting and associated institutions is substantial.
With limited resources, the emphasis on these aspects will be critical. In addition to these
programs, other social protection programs managed by various ministries are the following:• Programs under Livestock Sector to alleviate poverty• Grihayan Fund (Fund for Housing the Homeless)• Ghore Fera (Rehabilitation of Slum Dwellers)• Ekti Bari Ekti Khamar• Rehabilitation and Creation of Alternative Employment for People Engaged in Begging• Program for Generating Employment for the Unemployed Youth by the KarmashanghstanBank• Asrayan Project (Poverty Alleviation through Rehabilitation and Income Generation)• National Service (Skill Development for Employment of Unemployed Youths)• Fund for Mitigating Risks due to Natural Disasters• Program for Mitigating Economic Shocks• Programs for Reducing Poverty and Generating Employment under the Ministry of Womenand Children Affairs
A range of specialized institutions manage the various social protection programs:• Information and Communications Technology (ICT) for Poverty Alleviation• Rural Infrastructure Development Program• Palli Daridrya Bimochan Foundation (PDBF)• Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development (BARD)• Rural Development Academy (Bogra)• Department of Social Services• Palli Karma‐Sahayak Foundation (PKSF)• Ministry of Food and Disaster Management

Public Spending for Social Protection
Expenditure on social protection programs is increasing over time. Fig 6.3 shows the trends intransfers as percentage of total expenditure and as percentage of GDP.
Figure 6.3: Trend in Transfers-42-Source: Ministry of Finance

Monthly allowances along with allocation in the programs also increased. Table 6.7 shows thetrends in old age allowance program.
Table 6.7: Trends in Old Age Allowance Program

Source: Ministry of Social Welfare

The key challenges of implementing SSNPs are coverage issues, targeting beneficiaries,
leakages, and disparity in regional distribution.
Social Protection Strategy in the SFYP
The main challenges of implementing social protection programs are coverage issues, targeting
beneficiaries, leakages, and disparity in regional distribution. The SFYP will address these
problems with the aim of using resources effectively for poverty eradication. Given the large
demand for social protection support and the present low coverage, public expenditures onsocial protection programs will be increased from 2 percent of GDP in 2009 to 3 percent by theend of the SFYP. At the same time, efforts will be made to make the existing and new programs-43-

much better focused on reaching the intended beneficiaries and serving the needs of long term
poverty reduction strategy.
Over the years, social protection programs in Bangladesh have been substantially expanded.
While the Government will continue to give priority to core social protection programs, efforts
will also be made to find ways to move to contributory social protection programs as inadvanced countries. This is important to ensure the sustainability of an expanding social
protection program. Also, the possibility of introducing a National Pension Plan will be
explored. These schemes and possible options will draw on good international practices. A
coherent and integrated national social protection strategy based on a comprehensive mappingof existing and emerging vulnerabilities will be developed. This strategy will also draw on goodinternational practices. The strategy will decide the variety of social assistance and the social
insurance programs to be undertaken during the plan period. The coverage of existing
programs which have proven track records will be expanded. The labor laws of the country that
already have provisions for several types of social insurance related to employment will be
reviewed, further strengthened as needed, and implemented. A rigorous evaluation of current
programs will be done to identify weaknesses and improve their effectiveness. Programs which
address emerging vulnerabilities such as urban poverty, livelihood loss due to economic
integration and policy reforms, and disadvantaged groups not covered by existing programs will
be developed. At the same time, holistic strategy will be developed to provide long‐term
solutions to entrenched problems such as seasonal poverty in northern districts and otheraffected areas. Targeted programs in health and nutrition aimed at reducing maternal mortality
and improving child nutrition will be given priority. An example of this is the setting up of a
viable school meal program. The strategy will also facilitate the growth of insurance programs
targeted to the poor and vulnerable groups as viable alternatives for their social protectionneeds. In addressing all of the above, gender concerns will be accommodated as a matter ofpriority. Consideration would be given to (i) establishing a clearing and designing house forkeeping track and coordinating optimal utilization of scarce resources by avoiding duplicationand dovetailing programs so that the needs of the special groups may be catered to; (ii)minimizing the number and improving the accountability of intermediaries who are involved inadministering social protection programs; (iii) establishing a standing arrangement formonitoring and overseeing the development and implementation of policies and programs; (iv)
coordinating the views and activities of the government and non‐government organizations
involved in this area; (v) assigning greater responsibility for implementing programs to the local
government level; (vi) introducing periodic evaluation of programs to throw light on what isworking and what is not; and (vii) allowing for reform and consolidation of programs where
needed.

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Appendix‐5
SUMMARY OF KEY SAFETY NET PROGRAMS

-45-

-46-

-47-

Ministry of Social
WelfareSource: The World Bank, 2006, Social Safety Nets in Bangladesh: An Assessment Bangladesh Development Series – Paper No. 9-48-

Country ReportCountry:

Bangladesh

Name of Participant’s Organization:

Department of Social Services,
Ministry of Social Welfare, Govt. of thePeople’s Republic of Bangladesh

Training and Dialogue Programs on“Improvement of the Social Welfare System”(No: J1200717)
Phase in Japan: From July 16, 2012 to August 9, 2012

Organized by: Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)-49-

1. Basic Indicators
Sl
1.
2.

Indicator(s)Area (in 1,000 sq.km)
Population by age-groups and by sex
a. Total populationb. Population ages 0-14 (% of total)c. Population ages 15-64 (% of total)
Population ages 15-59 (% of total)

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

19.

Data

142.319 million
Male 71.255 million
Female 71.064 million
Male 35.89
Female 33.55
Male 24.0
Female 21.3
Male 56.47
Female 59.29

d. Population ages 65 and over (% of Male 4.2
total)
Female 3.5
Population ages 60 and over (% of total)
Male 7.64
Female 7.15
Urban Population (%)
28
Rate of natural increase of Population (% 1.34
per annum)
Birth rate (per 1,000 population)
22.98
Total fertility rate
2.6 c/w
Death rate (per 1,000 population)
5.75
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 50.73
Life expectancy at birth
Total 69.75
Male 67.93
Female 71.65
GDP per capita(US$)
755

Average number of members
in ahouseholdRatio of fatherless and motherlessfamilies to the total
average age of first marriage

4.5

fatherless family 6% &motherless family 3%
16-17 years for women and19-20 years for men
Divorce Rate (per 1,000 population)≤ 0.15
Ratio of females in the labor force to the Female 36%
total labor force
Annual total working hours
2080 hours
GINI index

0.458

Income Gini Co-efficient18.

147.570

Ratio of social security benefit expenses 25%
to national income
Number of disable people by theCategorya. Deaf
b. Blindc. Physically disable people
d. Mentally retarded people
e. Others
-50-

Year
2011
2010
2001
2010
2001
2010
2010
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
201011(p)Note : pdenotes
provisional

2010

2009
2009
2010
2010

2010

Sl

Indicator(s)

Data

Year

Percentage Distribution of Population (all ages) having any Difficulty (Disability) by Type and Intensity:
Intensity of Difficulty
Type of DifficultySome Severe Fully Unable
Total
11.38
2.17
0.46
Eyesight
5.58
0.53
0.08

20.

21.

Hearing

1.93

0.33

0.06

Walking and climbing

1.84

0.53

0.07

Remember and concentration

0.94

0.24

0.08

Self-care

0.57

0.30

0.08

Speaking and communicating

0.52

0.24

0.09

Number of School for Disable children by in 4 PHT Centre
type(School) : 8

Deaf & Dumb: 4
Blind: 3
Physically Handicapped: 2
mentally Retarded: 2
Integrated Blind Education
Programme (1 school ineach district): 64
Total=83
Number of Social Welfare Institution by 206
type*2011 Population & Housing Census: Preliminary Result, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Statistics Division, Ministry of Planning
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Organization of the Social Welfare System and its Administration
The Department of Social Services (DSS) is one of the leading Government
Departments of People's Republic of Bangladesh under the Ministry of Social Welfare.
The Department of Social Services was established in 1961. The mandate of the
Department of Social Services is to provide services to the vulnerable groups of society,the poorest of the poor, the marginalized and the disadvantaged groups. Our service
goes further than just bringing services to these groups. It is our brief to deliver on our
mandate in a manner that will engage and empower communities to participate actively
in the improvement of their quality of life so as to build their self-reliance, which is a prerequisite to sustainable development.
The Department of Social Services (DSS) is working to ensure Social Protection andSocial Safety nets for the poor vulnerable people of the country as well as socioeconomic development, rehabilitation and reintegration, poverty reduction, humanresource development, community empowerment and other development activities forthe vulnerable aged persons, the persons with disabilities (PWDs), orphans, children
at risk, destitute, poor and helpless persons. Moreover, DSS is running a good numberof programmes for poverty reduction and human resource development. Among the
programmes, development services provide for juvenile delinquents, training andrehabilitation of the socially disadvantaged women, counseling, training andrehabilitation of orphan and vulnerable children, development and rehabilitation of-51-

vagrants, safe custodian women, adolescent, destitute and helpless. The programmesof the DSS which have undertaken much earlier are now in conformity with theprovisions of the Roadmap for National Strategy for Accelerated Poverty Reduction(NSAPR) of the Government and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
The main objective of the department is to reduce the poverty of hardcore poor throughhuman resource development and to organize the poorest segment of people andaware them about their rights, problems and requirements and building up capacity for
their self-sustainability.

(1) A list of laws covering the following categories with name/title and year
when it was approved and implemented:
a. Child Welfare: The Probation of offenders ordinance, 1960, The children actof 1974
b. Disabilities: Disability Welfare Act, 2001
c. Elderly:d. Others (Women, etc.): The Bengal vagrancy act, 1943 (Repealed by a newlaw in 2011The Voluntary Social Welfare Agencies ( Registration And
Control ) Ordinance, 1961, Special Services of Woman in jail Act-2006(2) Social welfare functions and organizational and administrativea. The main social welfare functions carried out by the state for various
population and vulnerable groups
1. Provision of social development/services to individuals, groups andcommunities to enable them and become self-reliant. (Our primary focus
is on the poor, vulnerable and socially excluded children, orphans, aged,
persons with disabilities, patients, person/children conflict with law)
2. Provision of social welfare services. (Promotive, preventive, palliative,
rehabilitative, therapeutic)
3. Provision of comprehensive social security/safety net services.
4. Community development facilitation and support
5. Poverty and inequality eradication
Support functions:I. Human resource management.
II. Financial planning and management.
III. Policy development, planning and research.
IV. Population development (demographics).
V. Communication and marketing.
VI. Mainstreaming gender, disability and youth issues.
VII. Information management and technology
VIII. Legislation-52-

b. The Organizational chart showing and administrative structures that
implement the above mentioned functions at the various levels of the social
welfare services.
Director
General

Director(program)

Director(Administrati
on &Finance

Director(Institution)

Additional Director(Planning &(Planning)
Development)
DD DD(Planning)

Additional Director(Program- 1)

Additional Director(Program -2)

Additional Director(Institution)

DD (3) Programme

DD (Programme)DD (2) (Institution)

AD (2) Planning

AD (2) Programme

AD (Programme)

AD (3) (Institution)

SSO (Planning)

SSO(Programme)

SSO (Programme)

Superintendent/SSO.
(Institution)

FS (Programme)

Asst. Super.
(Institution)

USW (Programme)

Supportive Staff.
(Institution)

DD= Deputy Director
AD= Assistant Director
SSO= Social Services Officer
FS= Field Supervisor
USW= Union Social Worker

The Organizational chart showing and administrative structures that implement theabove mentioned functions at the various levels of the social welfare services. The DSS
is headed by a Director General, three Directors five Additional Directors, 80 Deputy
Directors, 70 Assistant Directors, Officers and Staffs. About 11,000 personnel are now
working in DSS. The distribution of the work strength of DSS is given below:
OfficerClass I

OfficerClass II

Staff
Class III

Staff
Class IV

Total

1037

230

5801

3756

10,824

-53-

b)

3.

Main guidelines and procedural documents that govern and guide therelationship between the central and local governments in delivery andadministering social welfare services
1Social Welfare Policy 2006

2

Rules for distribution of old age allowance3
4

Rules for distribution of disable allowance
Rules for distribution of stipend for PWD students

5

The children rules 1976

6

Rules for distribution of Capitation grant7

National Disability Policy December, 1995

Types of social welfare services available(1) Child Welfare
a. List of services provided by government, NGO, private sector, family groups andother humanitarian agencies
There are innumerable numbers of children living in a deplorable condition in the
country. They are orphans, destitute, disabled and very poor, who are living
below the poverty line. The DSS has established many institutions for education,
training and rehabilitation for the destitute children, street children, abandoned
baby and destitute children. These programmes are designed in accordance withthe provision of the Constitution of the country and also with the provision of
National Children Policy, related laws and UNCRC. The Sarkeri Shishu Paribar(State Orphanage) started functioning since the inception of the DSS in 1961. At
present, the DSS runs 85 Sarkeri Shishu Paribar (Government Orphanage), thetotal number of residents of Sarkari Shishu Paribar is 10300. 6 Baby Home, 1Day- Care Centre, 3 Training and Rehabilitation Centre for Destitute Children.
Moreover, the DSS provides Capitation Grants to the Non Government
Orphanages. The Government has allocated Taka 420 million for Capitation
Grants recipients in the financial year 2010-11 for 49435 orphans who areresident of nongovernment orphanage.
Stipend Programme for the Children with Disabilities
The Department of Social Services has started its journey to address challengesof 21st century, specially issues related to social development. The Department
firmly believesthat sustainable human resource development depends on
education. But still now student with disabilities are not yet able to enjoy equal
facilities in educational institution. Beside, poverty also hinders them from getting
education. To encourage the children with disabilities to enroll themselves in the
educational institution, the Government has introduced stipend programme forthe student with disabilities. The Government has allocated taka 8.80 corer in the-54-

financial year 2010-2011 for this programme. The responsibility has given to
DSS to implement this programme.
Non-Government orphanages (Capitation Grants)
From time immemorial, religious and social sentiment has played an importantrole in nursing orphans. Being inspired from these sentiments and moral values,
a good number of orphanages have been established in close touch andguidance of mosques, madrashas, temples, churches, pagodas etc. Somephilanthropists, landlords, merchants, religious leaders also run someorphanages.
The DSS strongly believes that Government can not alone provide services forthe welfare and development of the orphans. The DSS provides financial
assistance to the non Government orphanages. The DSS provides capitation
grant for some of the inmates of the non-Government orphanages under thefollowing principles:
The orphanage should be registered with the DSS Each orphanage must have atleast 10 inmates to get capitation grant Maximum of 50% of the total inmates
may get capitation grant Orphanage must have immovable asset and housing
facilities
Management of the orphanage must be transparent and accountable Application
should be processed through and recommended by the Deputy Director of each
district Orphans specially poor, by-passed, victims of natural disaster will get
priority.
Allocation should be finalised by a Committee in the Ministry of Social Welfare.
According to the above principles, from the Financial Year 2009-2010 thecapitation grant has been increased to Tk. 8,400/- per year per orphan. The
Government has allocated Taka 420 million for Capitation Grants recipients inthe financial year 2010-11 for 49435 orphans who are resident of
nongovernment orphanage.

Specific projects for street childrenChild Sensitive Social Protection In Bangladesh (January 2012December-2016)To develop capacity for establishing reintegration mechanism for street
children with the family and community.



To ensure protection of children living in the street situation and capacity
building of stakeholders.



To enhance and strengthen basic Drop-in Centre services for Street
Children in 6 divisional cities of Bangladesh.

To strengthen the psycho-social and life skills support services.



To enhance the capacity of street children for market driven jobs that
ensure a sustainable livelihood through providing non- formal education;and livelihood skills training.
-55-



To strengthen the capacity of the families (biological/extended) for
protection and care through provision of conditional cash / kind transfer aswell as referral to services like education, health for children and foraccessing opportunities for livelihood and income generating activities forparents or guidance.

Children without Parental Care Sub-project:To build institutional capacity on proactive social work and develop
minimum institutional care standard for the children in institutions, whichis the last resort.

To develop community based care mechanisms
institutionalization as a measure of last resort.

andconsiderTo strengthen monitoring mechanism to ensure quality and standards
services for children (define child protection indicators and establish amanagement information system as preconditions for evidence basemonitoring system).
Services for Children at Risk (January 2009 to December 2014)

To ensure Psycho-social Protection and Rights of the children according
to CRC and Children Act-1974.



To strengthen the existing Child Protection and Development Programsof the DSS.

 To strengthen the Children-at-Risk Project and expand its coverage
Shishu Bikash Kendra (Child Development Center)Promote social protection services to the street children through Drop in
Center (DIC).



Reintegrate the street children to their families /extended families throughprovision of conditional cash/kind transfer as well as referral to services
like education, health for children and for accessing opportunities forlivelihood and income generating activities for parents or guidance.



Alternative care support through case management and social and family
reintegration.

Transformation of Institutional Care and Institutional Capacity
Development on Promotion of other Alternatives to Institutional care.

b. Challenges and constraints experienced
1) Poverty
2) Illiteracy
3) Gender Inequality
4) Religious constraint5) Short term project duration.
6) Poor budgetary allocation.
7) Drug addiction.
8) Risks of STI/HIV/AIDS
9) Ensure right to primary education.

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(2) Persons with Physical Disabilities, Intellectual Disabilities, Persons with
Mental Disorders
a. List of services provided by government, NGO, private sector, family groups andother humanitarian agencies
Government

01. Allowances for 01.
personswithphysicaldisabilities;
02.
02. Stipend
forphysicallydisabled03.
students
03. Vocational
training
for 04.
rehabilitation
04. Micro credit forincomegeneration
05. Motivationfor
Awarenessbuilding.
06. Education
for
PWD.
07. Treatment
in
health Sector.
08. 10%services
reservation for
PWD.
09. Social Researchand Action Plan.
10. Grants in aid by
National Social
Welfare Council.

NGO

PrivatesectorFamily groups

Vocational
01. Vocational Motivation
training fortraining
Awarenessrehabilitationforbuilding.
Micro credit
rehabilitati
forincomeongeneration
02. Grants in
Motivation
Aid.
Awareness
03. Motivationbuilding.
for
Education for
AwarenesPWD.
s building.
04. Education
for PWD.

Other
humanitarianagencies
for 01. Grants in
Aid.
02. Motivationfor
Awareness building.

b. Current situation of the promotion system/services for employment of PWD GO
and NGOs’ smooth cooperation and coordination is existing for promotion thesystem/services for employment of PWD.
c. Current situation of Community based rehabilitation services more voluntary andprivate sectors co-operation is needed.
d. Challenges and constraints experienced
1) Shortage of fund.
2) Lack of control over registered voluntary organization (NGO)3) Lack of Social research and action plan.

-57-

(3) Elderly
a. List of services provided by government, NGO, private sector, family groups andother humanitarian agencies
Social Cash Transfer
Social Cash Transfer Programmes come as a ladder to move the poor people
out of poverty. The majority of the households benefiting from the Social CashTransfer Programme are to increase household income. The household income
has also reduced the food and health insecurity of the vulnerable. Cash transfer,even though it is relief oriented, encourages beneficiaries to make someinvestment. Programmes targeted at old and disabled persons have increased
their participation in household decision making, improved health condition andrevived previous system in family care.
Allowances for Widow and Husband’s Deserted Destitute Women
Like other countries Widows and Husband’s Deserted Women are the mostvulnerable and poorest segment of population in Bangladesh. The Economic
position of widows and husband’s deserted woman has been an important social
issue in society. Still now husband is the key-provider in all spheres of family
lives. After his death family members specially the widow are fallen in to poverty
and utmost social in security. Some times specially in the rural areas. They are
deprived from the rightful inheritance and husbands belongings.
Honouriam for the Freedom Fighters
The Peoples of all walk of lives under the dynamic and charismatic leadership of
the Father of the Nation Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman united against
the autocratic rule of Pakistan and prepared to fight against the Pakistani rulers.
Under the leadership of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman People of
Bangladesh took part in the glorious and dignityfull Liberation War. They fought
for nine month against well-trained Pakistani Army and their collaborators. Many
Freedom Fighters scarificed their lives. Many freedom fighters embosomed
disablement at the time of war for the cause of motherland. Heroic performanceof the great sons of the soil are always remembered by the Nation. The nation
woe to the freedom fighter, the noble son of the nation.
Old Age Allowances
Background: The Constitution of Bangladesh in it's clause 15(d) clearly declares
to introduce the Social
Security Programme. The Constitution spells 'the right to social security that is tosay, to public assistance in cases of undeserved want arising fromunemployment illness or disablement, or suffered by widows or orphans or in old
age or in other such cases "In spite of constitutional obligation no government
had come forward to implement this constitutional commitment. But the daughter-58-

of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Hon'ble Prime Minister, Governmentof the People's Republic of Bangladesh, Sheikh Hasina, during her last tenure
has introduced Old Age Allowances in 1998. This is an epoch-making Social
Security programme in the history of Bangladesh as well as neighbouring
countries.
The Constitution of Bangladesh in it's clause 15(d) clearly declares to introduce
the Social security Programme. The Constitution spells 'the right to social
security that is to say, to public assistance in cases of undeserved want arisingfrom unemployment. illness or disablement, or suffered by widows or orphans orin old age or in other such cases "In spite of constitutional obligation no
government had come forward to implement this constitutional commitment. But
the daughter of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Hon'ble Prime Minister,
Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, Sheikh Hasina, during herlast tenure has introduced Old Age Allowances in 1998. This is an epoch-making
Social Security programme in the history of Bangladesh as well as neighboring
countries.
In Bangladesh traditionally the elders are thought as the guardians and advisersof the society. Elderly people are respected by the family, society and even by
the nation. But due to various socio-economic reasons, the traditional values andcustoms are not maintaining properly. Due to degradation of moral values, theyounger populations consider the experience and knowledge of the elders to be
outdated. Today in many cases youths no longer like to live with the elders. On
the other hand, due to their profession they have to go for work in distant places.
As a result, the traditional joint family structures have broken down and familial
support to the elders have been reduced largely.
Under the above circumstances elderly people, specially the elder population of
the poor families have been thrown into socio-economic insecurity. Absence of
health care facilities for the elders is another major factor that contributed to theirsuffering since aging invites new health problems. Elderly poor women face
more problems due to aging.
According to Population census, 2001, National Report (provisional) publishedby the BBS, July 2003 reveals that there are 14,43,140 persons belonging to 6569 years, 16,26,240 belonging to 70-74 years, 6,15,940 belonging to 75-79
years and 10,76,380 persons belonging to 80 years and above age group. Thus
number of elderly population above 65 years of age stands as 47,61,700
persons.
The Government has recently taken decision to involve the public
representatives in the selection and distribution process of the allowance-59-

properly.
Government allocated 891 crore Taka in this financial year 2010-2011. The total
Beneficiary of this is 2.475 million. Beneficiaries are getting Tk. 300/- monthly perhead which is payable in every 3 months.
Distribution Criteria of Old Age Allowances:
Age : The Old Age Allowances recipient must have the age of 65 and above.
Age limit is relaxable for the women. After attaining 62 years a woman is eligible
for getting the same allowance.
Income: Old Age Allowances recipient's average annual income must below Tk.
3ooo (three thousand).
Health conditions:(i) Priority will be given to those who are physically infirm.
(ii) Priority will give to physically handicapped, mentally handicapped, physicallyand mentally handicapped and partial handicapped respectively.
Socio-economic condition :(i) Freedom fighters: Priority must be given to the freedom fighters.
(ii) Financial Condition: Chronologically priority will be given to those who are
wealth less, homeless, and landless.
(iii) Social Condition: Chronologically priority will be given to those who arewidow, divorcee, wifeless, spouseless and deserted from family.
iv) Expenditure status: Priority will be given to those who have no savings after
expenditure behind foodstuff.
Non Eligibility:(i) Government Servants and pension holders will not be eligible to get old-age
allowance.
(ii) VGD Card holders destitute women are not eligible to get old-age allowance.
(iii) Recipients of government grants from other sources are not eligible to get
old-age allowance.
(iv) Regular Recipients of grants from any Non-government Organization orSocial welfare agency are not eligible to get old-age allowance.
(v) Laborer, maidservant, vagrant are not eligible to get old-age allowance.
Selection procedure:a) Application for old-age allowance will be invited through much media daily
Newspaper or any other means for public information.
b) Candidates for the old-age allowance must have to apply infavour of Upazilla
Social Services officer in a prescribed form.
c) There will be a ward committee and upazilla Committee consisting of two
representatives of the local Member of Parliament and in concerned cases one
representative of Upazilla Chairman.
3.1) Terms of References of Ward Committee and Upazilla Committee:a) Ward committee will select the old-age allowance recipients in-60-

accordance with the implementation manual of the old-age allowance.
b) Ward committee will submit the list of selected old-age allowance
recipients to the upizalla committee for final approval.
c) Upizalla committee will act as appealed body and authorized toapprove the old-age allowance recipients.
The year wise statistics of the distribution of the Old Age Allowance since
inception is given below:
Recent achievement of Old Age Allowances:
The present Government has given due attention to implement social safety-net
programmes. Government has increased the coverage of the Social Safety-Net
programmes in all possible areas. The Department of Social Services under the
Ministry of Social Welfare with its limited manpower and logistic support take it
as a challenge to deliver the services for the wellbeing of the senior citizen of thecountry. Monitoring, supervision and evaluation process have been strengthened
some pragmatic and sustainable polices and strategies are taken under theclose supervision and guidance of Honorable Minister of Social welfare, andSecretary of the Ministry of Social Welfare. The Old Age Allowances
programmes is also come under the supervision of the Cabinet Committee on
Social Safety-net headed by Hon' able Finance Minister. As a result the
Department of Social Services has been able to cut a good figure in distributing
old-age allowance in the fiscal year -2009-10. 99.95% funds have beensuccessfully distributed among the target group. 32 Districts have shown highest
degree of performance through distributing 100% allowance. This achievement
is a record under the close supervision of the present government.
Impact of Old Age Allowances:
The Old Age Allowance Programme is an epoch-making achievement of theGovernment. The Old Age Allowance Programme has a positive impact on therecipients, recipients' family and also on the society as a whole. The old people
would no longer be the burden of the family they come from and they arehonoured as a result of becoming recipients of the Old Age Allowance. The
Programme also familiarises the old people with formal banking system. Throughthis programme the recipients get opportunities to meet the senior public
representatives, where they can express their sorrows and difficulties. The
Government is gradually increasing the number of beneficiaries along with
gradual increment in the monthly allowances.
c. Challenges and constraints experienced
1) Lack of skilled manpower.
2) Lack of fund and budget allocation.
3) Lack of awareness.
4) Lack of education.
5) Lack of social research and action plan.
-61-

(4) Public assistance system for the poora. List of laws governing the public assistance services
b. List of services provided and the various types of providers of these
services in the public and private sector and in the community(including Conditional Cash Transfer system)c. Challenges and constraints experienced(5) Database system for the poor (if any)
A database system for the poor is under construction.
a) Outline of the national database for the sake of identifying the poor
eligible to receive welfare benefit.
b) Coverage and usage of the database.
(6) Womena. List of services provided by government, NGO, private sector, family groups andother humanitarian agencies
Allowances for Widow and Husband’s Deserted destitute Women:
The widow women get constitutional guarantee for social security at the time of
their poverty. But no head of the government before Sheikh Hasina Hon’ble
Prime Minister of Bangladesh in her last tenure came forward to introduce social
security programme for the widows and husband deserted destitute women. in1998 under the Ministry of Social Welfare Allowance for Widow and Husband’s
Deserted Destitute Women Programme has started functioning. But in thefinancial year-2003-04 the government transferred this programme from the
Ministry of Social Welfare to the Ministry of Women and Children Affairs.
The Present Government has taken decision to handover the Programme to the
Ministry of Social Welfare from Ministry of Women and Children Affairs again.
Accordingly in the fiscal 2010-11 fund for the allowance of the said programme
has been allocated infavour of Ministry of Social Welfare in the National Budget.
The Government has allocated Tk.331020000 million for the 9 lac 20 thousand
allowance recipient. Recipients get Tk. 300 monthly payable in every threemonths in the financial year 2010-2011.
The Population Activities through Rural Mothers Centre.
In response to the recommendation of Bucharest Population Conference in 1994
the Ministry of Social Welfare has introduced National Population Programmethrough Rural Mother’s Centre (RMC) the main objectives of the RMC
programme generally aimed at bring the rural fertile women in:gainful economic activities through skill training in various trades.

educating them in various aspects of social life, and-62- Population related activities in and outside mothers’ centres.
At present 318 upazilas have been broad under this programme. About taka
398.09 million are being disbursed as microcredit as revolving fund. The numberof total beneficiaries family is 1.3 million.
The Rehabilitation Programme for the Acid Burnt Women and PhysicallyHandicapped.
Acid violation is one of the social problems in Bangladesh. The Ministry of Social
Welfare has responded to the social sentiment regarding acid violence and hastaken a programme on rehabilitation of handicapped people along with acidburnt people in the financial year 2002-2003. The DSS is implementing thischallenging programme specially meant for acid burnt, other burnt andhandicapped people. Total allocation up to the financial year 2010-2011 under
this programme is taka 900 million and total number of beneficiaries is 0.9 million.
b. Challenges and constraints experienced
1) Lack of skilled manpower.
2) Lack of fund and budget allocation.
3) Lack of awareness.
4) Lack of education.
5) Lack of social research and action plan.
4. Finance(1) Trends and Variations in the social welfare budget over the last 10 years
a. Trends in the social welfare budget as % of total government budget over thelast 10 years.
Sl. no.
Financial Year
Total government budget in
US Dollars
the Social Welfare Sector(USD$ in thousands )(Tk. in thousands )
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-072007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-1225540933176975
4221728
5518649
66712467507635
922945412048704
17738985
19504111

30406
37821
50259
65698
79420
89377
109874143437211178232192

NB: 84 Tk = 1 USD$

b. Trends in the social welfare budget by level and agency over the past 10
years in local currency and in US Dollars.
15-20% annual increment in social welfare sector at national budget-63-

c. Trends in terms of allocation of funds to various line items and services in thesocial welfare budget over the last 10 years.
15-20% annual increment in social welfare sector at national budget(2) Financial sources for social welfare:

As one of the leading and key nation building departments of the Governmentof the People's Republic of Bangladesh, the DSS runs at least 46 categories
of social welfare services, which are directly and indirectly involved in poverty
reduction and human resource development. They are as under:a. Prepare a table showing sources of financing for social welfare services in termsof budget/line items and their amounts.
Govt. Sources
Non govt. Sources (NGO)As per approved budget allocation fund Foreign Aid, Donations, Project Aid,
releasesfor
implementationof Grants in Aid etc. any type of financial
programmes taken by govt.
assistance comes to NGO through NGO
Bureau as per Govt. policy ofSourceoffund
Revenueand Bangladesh.
Development head, foreign Aid andDonation.
b. Prepare a table showing the financial sources, if any, from foreign assistance forsocial welfare sector by items and amounts.

Poverty Reduction through Human Resources Development
SL. Name of Programmes/
Projects

Number of
Units

1. Urban Community
Development Programme(UCD)
2. Rural Social Services(RSS)

80 units(all urban
areas)All Upazilas

3. Implementation of
National Population
Programme Through
Rural Mother 's Centre(RMC)
4. Rehabilitation
Programmes for the Acid
Burnt Women andHandicapped People
5. Micro-credit programme of
Abashan/ Ashrayan

318 Upazilas

Number ofBeneficiaries/
output2,27,630
personssince inception
9.2 million
personssince inception
3.9 million
personssince inception

Budget(sources offinancing)(government)(government)(government)

All over thecountry

3,14,880
personssince inception(government)

181 Upazila

1,06,540
persons(government)-64-

Project of the Prime
Minister's Officesince inception

Social Safety Net (Security and Protection) Programmes
6. Old Age Allowance
All over the
1.7 million
Programmecountry
persons
per year
7. Allowances for the
All over the
200,000
Insolvent Persons withcountry
persons
Disabilities
per year
8. Honorarium (Allowance) for
All over the
1,00,000the Hard-up Freedom
country
persons perFightersyear
9. Stipend Programme for the
All over the18620 persons
Students with Disabilities
country
per year
10. Allowances for Widow
All over the920000 persons
country
per yearand Husband Deserted
Women,(government)(government)(government)(government)(government)

Social Integration Programmes (Poverty Reduction through Human Resource
Development)
11. Sarkari Shishu Paribar(State Orphanage)
12. Financial Assistance tothenon-Government
orphanages
13. Pre-Vocational Training
Programme inOrphanages
14. Baby Home85

10,200 children
per year
42,000 orphans(government)

51250 children
since inception(government)

6525 children
per year
50 babies
per year
750 children
per year(government)

16,404 persons
since inception
50 trainees
per year(government)

500 persons
per year
17,863 persons
since inception
1900 persons
per year(government)

300 persons
per year(government)

2771

15. Day-Care Centre

1

16. Training andRehabilitation Centre forthe Destitute Children
17. Socio-economic Training
Centre for the Women
18. Vocational Training and
Production Centre for the
Destitute Women32
1

Social Disintegration Prevention Programmes
20. Juvenile Development
3
Centres
21. Probation and Aftercare
All over theServicescountry
22. Training and6
Rehabilitation Centres for
the Vagrants (Sharkari
Ashroy Kendro)
23. Safe Custody for Women
6and Adolescent Girls-65-(government)(government)(government)(government)(government)(government)(Safe Home)
24. Training andRehabilitation Centres for
the Socially
Disadvantaged Girls
25. Programme for Socially
Disadvantaged Girls (SexWorkers)
Disability Related Programmes
26. Integrated Education
Programme for the
Visually Impaired
27. School for the Visually
Impaired
28. School for the Hearing
Impaired
29. Institution for the Mentally
Retarded Children
30. Employment,
Rehabilitation andTraining Centre for the
Physically Handicapped(ERCPH)
31. Braille Press

6

600 persons
per year(government)

63830 persons(government)

64

640 students
per year(government)

5

240 students
per year
270 students
per year
50 students
per year
105 persons
per year7
1
1(government)(government)(government)
1

32. Plastic Goods Production
Centre1

33. Mineral Water Plant run by
Person’s with Disabilities

1

34. Artificial Limb Production
Centre35. National Training andRehabilitation Centre for
the Visually Impaired
36. Training Centre forPhysically Handicapped
37. Job Placement Services

1
1
4
1

Welfare and Service Delivery Programmes
38. Hospital/ Medical Social
87
Services Programme
39. Financial Assistance forTreatment andRehabilitation of the Burnvictims(government)

All over thecountry-66-

10,753 books
since inception
Number ofdisabled
employee 78
Number ofdisabled
employee 461308 limbs
since inception
50 trainees
per year(government)(government)(government)(government)(government)

2727 students
since inception
593(government)

1,98,05,152
patients
since inception
4759
burn-victims(government)(government)(government)

Human Resource Development and Capacity Building through Training
40. National Social Services
Academy41. Regional Training Centres

1
6

7,709 trainees
since inception
6,218 trainees
since inception(government)-(government)-(government)(government)

Community Empowerment Programmes
42. Registration, Control andEmpowerment of the
Voluntary Organizations
43. Coordination of NGOs
with the DSS

about 55000
organizations-

5. List of development partner (donor) supported or funded aid projects inthe field of social welfare in the form of a table:
Indicate the project title, implementing organization, donor country,
duration, budget, and purpose/activities for each project.
implementin developm durationbudget,andSl. project title,gent
purpose/activities
organization partner(donor)1.

Child
Sensitive
SocialProtection in
Bangladesh

DSS

Unicef-67-

January
2012December 20161254.0BDT

millionTo
developcapacityforestablishingreintegration
mechanism
forstreet children withthe family andcommunity.
Toensureprotectionofchildren living inthe street situationandcapacitybuildingofstakeholders.
To enhance andstrengthen basic
Drop-inCentreservices for Street
Childrenin6
divisional cities ofBangladesh.
To strengthen theSl.

project title,

implementin developm durationgentorganization partner(donor)budget,andpurpose/activities

psycho-social andlife skills support
services.
To enhance thecapacity of street
children for market
driven jobs that
ensureasustainable
livelihood throughprovidingnonformal education;
andlivelihood
skills training
2.

Services for DSS
Children at
Risk (SCAR)

IDA,
World
Bank

-68-

January3.
8930.00
2009 to Lakh BDT" To
Decembe ensure
Psychosocial Protection
r 2014and Rights of thechildren according
to
CRC
and
Children
Act1974.
To strengthen theexisting
Child
Protection
andDevelopment
Programs of the
DSS.
To strengthen theChildren-at-Risk
Project
andexpandits
coverage6. Social welfare related policy within the National Development Plan
If your country has a National Development Plan, could you please describe wherein the Development is Social Welfare Policy and its various elements located andalso briefly describe the main elements of your country’s Social Welfare Policy thatis included in the National Development Policy.
1. Social Safety Net Activity:
As like as old age allowances for elderly people, honorium freedom fighter’s,allowances for widows and destitute women, stipend for PWD student’s at primary,high school, college and varsity label.
2. Institutional Services of Vulnerable Group:
Residential Services for orphan, abandoned children, vagrants, street children,
destitute women and children in institutions by govt. management and finance.
1. Income-generating programmes:
Micro Credit Programme for the lower income group of vulnerable people.
7. Training and qualification of support personnel for social welfare
Please describe the system that you have for training social welfare staff andsupport personnel in terms the classification of social welfare workers and support
staff, the training system, the system for qualifying social welfare workers, theeligibility criteria for their selection and the system for supporting social welfare
services personnel (trainers, social workers, physical therapists, occupational
therapists, etc.)
1. One National Social Welfare Training Academy for training social welfare officers.
2. 4 Regional training academies for the staff training.
3. National Development Foundation for PWD for therapeutic treatment, counselingand occupational training for rehabilitation of PWD.
A good number of highly skilled, efficient and qualified resource persons are
selected as trainers in training academy and foundation.
8. NGOs’ activities(1) List of the type and nature of NGOs activities:
a. The nature of the Social Welfare functions carried out by NGOs in yourcountry
1. Formal and Non formal education.
2. Occupational Training for rehabilitation.
3. Training for awareness building.
4. Training on right based activities.
5. Micro credit of socio economic uplift.
b. How are the NGOs working in the social welfare arena governed andregulated by the government and what are the basic guidelines andprocedures hate define this regulatory/supportive relationship?
-69-

NGO takes registration from govt. social welfare office under the ordinance 1961
as a voluntary organization. NGO takes a basic guideline at the time ofregistration to implement it’s programmes under the ordinance 1961
c. Proportion (%) of the NGOs activities coverage to total social welfare
services, by service category in the form of a table whatever the data
available.
A harmonious relationship exists between govt. and NGOs in social welfare
activities in Bangladesh. Go-NGOs percentage of proportion is near about
50:50

Social Welfare Services by Govt.
1. Registration for NGOs.
2. Institutional Services for v.group
and PWD.
3. Social Safety net Services.
4. Poverty alleviation Services (Micro
Credit).
5. Training for skill development.
6. Social research and action plan.

Social Welfare Services by NGOs
1. Institutional Services for v.group and
PWD.
2. Occupational training for rehabilitationof destitute and PWD.
3. Training for skill development.
4. Poverty alleviation Services (Micro
Credit).
5. Social research and action plan.

(2) Financial sources for NGOs activities(other than self-generated):
In what way does the government subsidize NGOs to provide social welfare
services if any?
And what are the specific areas of social welfare services if any, that the
government had not supported NGOs activities.
The Government of Bangladesh subsidizes NGOs through Bangladesh National
Social Welfare Council under the Ministry of Social Welfare.
The Government of Bangladesh does not support the subversive and anti-state
activities of NGOs in Bangladesh.
Government of Bangladesh encourages the activities of NGOs on issues of
National problems as like as Health and Nutrition, Development andRehabilitation of PWD, Eradication of Illiteracy, Poverty Reduction, Child and
Women Development and Social Safety net programme.

9. Strategy for social welfare(This item will be used in the exercises for social welfare administration in the study
program)
1. Strategic plan:a. If any, national strategic plan
: Yes, Bangladesh has a Pragmatic National
Social Welfare Strategic Plan

-70-

b. Plan of action/Master plan/Operational plan: National Strategic Plan of Social
Welfare of Bangladesh is a master plan. It includes plan of actions andoperational plan as per need and assessment.
c. Actual and past projects based on the plan of action, and their results andsubjects to be solved:
Actual and past projects based on the plan of action have produced a good andtremendous impact on socio economic uplift of target group of people in
Bangladesh. As belows:(a) Programmes of Social Security and Social Safetynet(b) Programmes of Income generating and poverty reduction sector(c) Institutional Services for the group of vulnerable people.
2. Future plan of action:a. Prioritizing future plan of action based on the above subjects, by category such as
welfare services for children, welfare services for the elderly, welfare services for the
persons with disability, etc.
The Government of Bangladesh is Prioritizing a future plan of action in Social
Welfare sector on the basis of policy related issues. As like as:(a) Income Generating Programmes on Poverty Reduction(b) Extension of Social Security and Safetynet Programmes(c) Programmes for Re-Integration of institutional children to their families(d) Therapeutic Treatment, Occupational Training and Rehabilitation of PWD(e) Social Research and action plan.
10.

Please describe detail if there are any difficulties/challenges that yourcountry has been facing in the field of social welfare :The Sector of Social Welfare in Bangladesh facing these difficulties/challenges:(a) Shortage of Budget and Fund allocation(b) Shortage of skilled manpower(c) Shortage of proper training(d) Lake of education(e) Lake of awareness(f) Lake of social research of action plan.

-71-

The Study Programme
for the Improvement of the Social Welfare System

Laos

-72-

Sa bai dee,welcome to Laos and my presentation,-73-

The Social Welfare System in Lao P.D.R.
Deputy Director General of policy Pension, Invalid and Handicap andElderly Department, Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare-74-

I An Overview of Lao PDR- Land area 236,800 km2 ,- Population 6.2 mil. (2010),- Life expectancy: 65 years- TFR 3,5 children- 49 ethnic group,

Socio economic situation- GDP Growth 8,1 % ( 2011)- GDP per capital : 1088
USD ( 2011)- poverty: 27,6 % ( 2011)20 % (2012)
Source: MPI, 2011-75-

Economic structure changing
For 2005

Agriculture
Industry
Services for

45,4%
28,2%
26,4%

For 2010

Agriculture
Industry
Services

29,9%
24,6%
38,5%

-76-

2. Organization of the Social Welfare System
and Its administration(1) Legislation related.
• Law on protection and promotion and Development of Child

•
•
•
•
•

•
•

and Women No: dated 2005
Law on Education , No 04, dated 3 July 2007.
Law on Labour No: 06 / NA 2006. dated 27 December 2006.
Law on Health care, No 09 / N A , 9 November 2005.
Prim Minister Decree on Policy of pension, housing, vehicle,
land, invalid pension No: 343 dated 25 September 2009
Prim Minister Decree on Social Security System (Public
sector) No.70 , April 23 2006.
Decree on Social Security System(Private sector) No.207,
dated December 23 1999. -77Decree on Promotion the Right, Benefit and Development

(2). Social Welfare Function and Organization andadministrationa. The main Social Welfare Function.
• Study policy, convention, agreement and declaration related to PWD and
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

elder people.
Creation the national policy, law, regulation, strategic plan, action plan,
program related to PWD and elder people.
Raising awareness on CRPD in the public and private sector to understandand participate in implementation.
Cooperation with International organizations, NGOs in public sector andprivate sector that concerned to its activities.
Collect the data or statistic on PWD and elder people.
Facilitate and support the Disabled person Organization and elder people
association in order to implement their activities.
Making the report on implementing of Convention on the Right of PWD to
the Government in order to report to UN committee.
Monitor , stimulate, inspect and evaluate the implementation on CRPD of
Ministries concerned.
-78Summery and report the progress of implementation on disability andb. Chart of the Department of Labour
Management
DIRECTOR General

Deputy Director General

Administration
Division

PWD development
Division

Policy andPensionDivision-79-

National Coordination officefor PWD and Elder people

(3). Main guidelines and procedural document that govern andguide the relationship between the center and local governments indelivery and administering social welfare system• Law on Education, on Labour, on Health care and on protection
and promotion and Development of Child and Women• Decree on Organization and Movement of National committee for
PWD. No 061, dated 6 march 2009
• Decree on Organization and Movement of National committee forElder people. No 057, dated 26 February 2009
• Decree on Organization and Movement of National committee forChild and Women.
• Decree on Social Security System (Public sector) No.70 , April 23
2006• Decree on Social Security System(Private sector) No.207, dated
December 23 1999
• Social Welfare strategic plan 2010-2015 and 2015-2020-80• Decree on Organization and Movementof Ministries concerned.

3. Types of Social Welfare Services available(1). Child welfare.
- Health care service .
- Education services as primary composedly education system- Intelligent school services for children who are good at learning.
- the school for children who are orphan ( no parent )- the school for ethnic children ( small group )- SOS school for children who are orphan ( no parent ) expensed to 6
provinces there are 1.006 children, female 414- friendship center for rehabilitation and vocational training for childstreet who is homeless and women who is in human trafficking- set up network for prevention child and women from humantrafficking and assistance in case there are in difficulty from humantrafficking, this network has expanded to 5 provinces and 124 village- providing information human trafficking by published book, poster andraising awareness through media as TV, radio and newspaper- providing counseling services on women and child problems- social security system both public and private sector have been
covered women and children.
-81-

(2). Person with physical disabilities, intellectual disabilities,
person with mental disorders• Establish 3 Special school for PWD at the provincial

and set up inclusive education system in order to doservices for PWD who is able to participate in thissystem. Through our implementation There are 539
school and There are 3 933 child with disability haveattended to inclusive education system• Establish vocational training center to Promote
vocational training
and employment for PWD
through implement, PWD have been trained .........
And have been employed.........
• Promote PWD in playing sport, such as wheel chairbasket ball, bossy,-82-

(3)Elderly• Health care services such as rehabilitate in mental andphysical.
• Vocation recommendation and employment by
establishing and training the group of elder person forvocational at the village then establishing the fund forloan.
• Finding market for selling the production• counseling services for living-83-

(4) Public assistance system for the poor

• Law on Labour. Free for Vocational training,

applying the job• Law on Education. Free for education• Law on Health care . Free for treatment• Law on protection and promotion and Developmentof Child and Women. Free for counseling on the rightof child and women.

-84-women Consultation service on health care
 vocational training and employment services

for women
 Service counseling and training on HIV /AIDS prevention
 Service counseling and training on preventionof Human trafficking-85-

4. finance• Public investment plan
• Unit billion kip
Sector

2009-20102010-2011

Education

52,2

77,7

Public Health

23,2

29,4

Labour and Social Welfare

10,5

18,5

Culture

25,9

27,9

Total

111,8

153,5

-86-

5. Donor support or fund aid project in the field of
Social Welfare- European HI, save the children's UK, Canada- Luxemburg- Japan - AAR, ADDP, APCD
- Australia, Aus aid, caritas, world vision- United kingdom, Power organization- Singapore CBN- SOS,- France, AFISIP,- UXO program under UNDP. COPE

-87-

6. Social welfare related to policy within national
development plan ( 2011-2015 )

•
•
•
•
•

Social Welfare field
Implement the Decree No: 343 on Policy of housing, vehicle, land,
pension for invalid person and retired person who have highperforming for lao revolutionary .
Clear land for UXO which is under ground and dangerous to thepeopleImprove and set up the network for disaster warning at the risk
provinces and provide assistance to effected people from disaster andvoluntary group of people
implement the policies on assistance to the PWD, Elder person, childstreet, orphans in the whole county
Expanse social security system to the provincial level-88-

Education field• Expanses the kindergarten and primary school to rural area.
• Play attention to promote children age of 3-5 year to entry tokindergarten and pre primary school at least 39 %• Play attention to promote the children age of 5 year to entry to
primary school at least 60 %• Create the criteria to alleviate illiteracy to the target group of people
age of 15-24 year old. At least 99 %Health care field• Reduce the maternity rate of 100 000 to 260• Reduce the death of child under 1 year of 1 000 Childs to 45 Childs• Reduce the death of child under 5 year of 1 000 Childs to 70 Childs• Promote mother to check health care when getting pregnancy at least
69 %-89• Promote injection rate of vaccine to the child at least 55 %

7. Training and qualification of support personal forsocial welfare• In each year , the ministries of Education, Public

Health, Labour and Social Welfare, Women Union,
Trade Union and other sector and national committeethat related to Child, woman, PWD and Elderly , they
have their own plan to train and upgrade their staff
knowledge and experiences within country and out
side by using the center they have, in order to ensureof implementation their role and function-90-

8. NGO’ activities
1. In the field of PWD
 Power organization , promote on PWD capacity building andtheir organization. Education and employment.
 Handicap international organization(HI) Promote on PWD on
employment and CRPD raising awareness and education forChilds with disability
 save the children's UK, Canada on Inclusive education system
 COPE and AAR on production prostatic ledge and on wheel
chair production, infrastructure building as information centerand employment for PWD
 ADDP promote on PWD sport and supports employment .
 APCD promoted training PWD on organization administration.
 NPA, on victim assistance from UXO accidents.
 CBN supported wheelchair distributing and improved livelihood.
 AUST Aid on Inclusive Education System for PWD.
 CWARS on career rehabilitation
for PWD who was effected-91from lao war.

2. In the field of Childs and women ILO on prevention child and women labor from hazardous
work by surveying and formulating the strategic plan and also
promote occupation Safety and Health at work places
 UNICEF on Education for all and Gender equality
 AFESIP on mentally rehabilitation for childrens who are
affected from human trafficking.
 UNICEF on setting up the network for prevention child andwoman from human trafficking
 IOM on protection child and women migrant worker
 SOS on establishing the SOS school for the child who ishomeless ( no parent )3. In the field of Elder person
 European promote on production handicraft by set up the loan
fund and fund for health care-92-

9. Strategy for social welfare• The ministry of Education, Public health, Labor andSocial Welfare and other ministries concerned they
all have their strategy plan, Action plan, Project andactivity plan to implement for example as below:• Promote Education for all, Inclusive education
system, Primary Compulsory Education System forchild .

-93-

10. Other Challenges
1. legislation and legal framework , particularly law, decree
action plan are insufficiency when comparing with needof development.
2. The existing National statistic for PWD, Elder person,
Child and Women is not accurate and too old.
3. The existing mechanism for implementation is not strong
movement and at the local and some province has notbeen esthebished mechanism yet
4. Services system for PWD, Elder person, Child and Womenat the center and local area are not enough
5. the reporting system for PWD, Elder person, Child and
Women is not regularly.
-94-6.The raising awareness of Law and regulation concerned to
the right of child, women, PWD, Eder person to the society is
not wild and enough.
7. The budget provided to the Ministries and Organizations
concerned on social welfare is insufficient to support the
programs, develop staffs and run activities. Such as training,seminar and workshop on protection and promotion of theright of Child, women, PWD and Elder person.
8. Technical staff related to social welfare directly are notenough and lacking of the knowledge and experiences toadministrate and manage the activities.
9. In addition, vehicle, equipment, and tool used for these
activities not enough or too old.
-95-

11. Solution
1. continue to improve the Law, create new law, decree or

regulation and strategy plan on social welfare in order toprotect and promote child, women, PWD and elder person.
2. Continue to implement the existing strategy plan, work
plan on social welfare (2010-2015) and 2015-2020.
Establish the provincial and District committee on protection
and promotion PWD, Eder person, Childs and Women.
3. Raising awareness of CRPD and through the media forsociety at the centre and local level in order to implement
CRPD.
4. educate and train staffs concerned directly to social welfare
activities in public sector and private sector at all level.
5. Cooperate, coordinate and exchange knowledge andexperiences and the best practice with the developed countries
as Japan, within ASEAN countries, international organization
concerned and other organizations and NGOs. In order to
-96-

-97-

I.Basic Indicators

ATTACHED
Indicator(s)

Data

Year

1.Area(in1000sq.Km)
26
2.Population by age –groups and by sex
a. Total population

2010
6.256.197

b. Population ages 0Œ14(%of total)

Male

2010

1.190.880
Female2010

1.161.664
c. Population ages 15Œ64(%of total)

Male

2010

1.824.046
Female2010

1.845.850
d. Population ages 65 and over(%of total)

Male

2010

108.212
Female2010

125.545
3. Urban population (%)
4.Rate of natural increase of population(%per

2,2

2010

5.Birth rate (per 1000 population)

29,9

2010

6.Total fertility rate

3,7

2010

7.Death rate (per 1000 population)

8,0

2010

8.infant mortality rate(per 1000 live births)

56,6

2010

9.Life expectancy at birth

Total:

annum)

65

2010

Male
Female10.GDP per capita (USD)

1.088

2010

11.Average number of members in a household
12.Ratio of fatherless and motherless families tothe total
13.Average age of first marriage

18

14.Divorce rate (per 1000 population)
15.Ratio of females in the iabor force to the1.845.850

2010

2.496

2010

total labor force
16.Annual total working hours-98-

I.Basic Indicators

ATTACHED

17.GINI index
18.Ratio of social security benefit expenses tonational income
19.Number of disabled people by the Category

70.260b. deaf

18.970,2c. blind

11.944,2d. physically disabled people

27.401,4

2005

e. mentally retarded people,f multiple disability

4.918,2g. others

7.026

now according to number of member of LDPA

12.2602005

20.Number of School for disabled children bytype

inclusiveeducation system
539 schools
and deaf 3
school21.Number of Social Welfare Institution by type

-99-

2007

The Study Programme
for the Improvement of the Social Welfare System

Malaysia-100-

COUNTRY REPORTMALAYSIA

IMPROVEMENT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE SYSTEM(J 12 - 00717)

16 July 2012 – 09 August 2012
TOKYO, JAPAN-101-Malaysia

Department of Social Welfare
Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development

-102-

1.

BASIC INDICATORS

Indicator (s)1. Area (in 1,000 sq. km)
2. Population by age-groups and by sex
a. Total populationb. Population ages 0-14(% of total)

Data330,803 Sq. Km

Year
2011

28, 250.5: 16.34 %

2010
2010

c. Population ages 15-64(% of total)

Female : 15.36%
Male: 32.36%

2010

d. Population ages 65 and over(% of total)

Female : 31.27%
Male: 2.19%2010

3. Urban population (%)
4. Rate of natural increase of population (% per annum)
5. Birth rate (per 1,000 population)
6. Total fertility rate
7. Death rate (per 1,000 population)
8. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
9. Life expectancy at birth

Female : 2.48%
63.80%
1.30%
18.80%
2.4
4.9
6.3
Male : 71.7

2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010

10. GDP per capita (USD)

Female : 76.7
US$9,204

2011

Male

11. Average number of members in a household

4.3

12. Ratio of fatherless and motherless families to the total

NA

13. Average age of first marriageMen: 28.9 yrs

2010

2004

Women : 25.3yrs
14. Divorce rate (per 1,000 population)

184.1

2010

15. Ratio of females in the labor force to the total labor force

80.00%

2011

16. Annual total working hours

NA

-103-

17. GINI index

RM24,749

18. Ratio of social security benefit expenses to the national

2008

NA

income19. Number of disabled people children by the Category

Numbera. Visual Disabilities

31,924b. Hearing Disabilities

43,788c. Speech Disabilities

725

d. Physical Disabilities

123,346

e. Learning Disabilities

134,659

f. Mental Disabilities

8,927

g. Multiple Disabilities

15,834

20. Number of School for disabled children by type

2011

Numbera. Special School for Deaf

25

b. Special Schools for Blind

5

2007

c. School with special class
Visual34

Hearing

76

21. Number of Social Welfare Institution by type

NumberChildren36

Homes for the Elderly

11

Home's for Persons with disabilities

11

Destitute persons

2

-104-

2009

2.

Organization of the Social Welfare Systems and its Administration(1)

List of Laws

Category
List of Laws
Child Welfare a. Child Act (Act 611)
b. Child Care Centers Act 1984
(Act 308) Amendment (2007)
c. Care Centers Act 1993 (Act 506)
d. Adoption Act 1952 (Act 257)
e. Registration of Adoption Act

Approval
2001
1984

Implementation
2002
1984

1993
1952

1993
1952

1952

1952

2007

2008

1994

1994

1977

1977

1952 (Act 253)
Persons with Disabilities Act
Disabilities(Act 685)
Domestic Violence Act 1994
FamilyElderly(2)

a.

(Act 521)
Destitute Persons Act 1977
(Act 183)

Social welfare functions for various population and vulnerable groups.

Social welfare Department has 7 target groups including:i. Children (As defined in the Child Act 2001)
ii. People with Disabilitiesiii. Older Persons
iv. The Destitute (As defined in the Destitute Persons Act 1977)
v. Families(women and girls, single parents, domestic violence victims, the poor andthose with problems)vi. Victims of Natural Disasters
vii. Voluntary Welfare Organizations-105-

In the context of social welfare services, the Department”s core business relates to :i. Prevention
ii. Protectioniii. Rehabilitationv. Development
vi. Integration(b)

Organizational chart and the organizational structure of the Social Welfare
Department namely:
1.

Director General2.

Deputy Director General (Planning)
2.1 Planning & Development Division
2.2 International Affairs Coordination and Secretariat Division
2.3 Legislation and Advocacy Division
2.4 Counseling & Psychology Division
2.5 Service Management Division

3. Deputy Director General (Operations)
3.1 Child Division
3.2 People of Special Needs Division
3.4 Senior Citizens & Family Division
3.5 Community Development Division
3.6 Socioeconomic Development and Financial Assistance Division
3.7 Community Service Order Division( c ) Main Guideline and Procedure
To administer social welfare services, strategy of the Department :

-106-

–

Optimising the potential capacity and well-being of the Department”s target
groups;–Ensuring social welfare aspects are integrated in all plans for achieving aholistic socio-economic development;–

Enhancing the Department”s role and capacity as the focal point in theplanning and evaluation of social welfare development programmes at both
local and international levels;–

Enhancing smart and strategic partnerships with community organizations,
NGOs and international agencies;–

Strengthening and enhancing social welfare services delivery at all levels;–

Ensuring the optimum management and utilisation of human resources and–Enhancing the quality of planning and financial management as well as
information and communications technology profesionally.

3.

Types of social welfare services available(1) Child Welfarea.

List of services provided by government, NGO, private sector, family groups and otherhumanitarians’ agencies:i.

Institutional Care and Protection of Children administer by Department of Social
Welfare (DSW). The Federal run institution are under the administration of the
DSW and known as Children’s Home and The Cottage System Children’sHome. The objective of Children's Home is to provide substitute care andprotection that encourages the healthy growth and holistic development ofdependent and needy children in a harmonious and safe environment.

-107-

The concept of the cottage System Children's Home is to provide proper care,
protection, love and family environment for children who are unable to stay with
their own natural families due to unavoidable circumstances. Groups of 8-10 areplaced in specially built homes instead of in institution under the care of married
couples specially selected from the community to act as their foster parents. It isa smart partnership project between the DSW and corporate bodies.
ii.Institution Administer by The State Government:
The State Government also establishes and manages institutions for the careand protection of children. These Institutions work closely with the DSW. It is
headed by a principal and assisted by management and administration staff paidby the state government. The manner of admission is voluntary and priority isgiven to the orphans based on criteria set by the management. All the children
need to attend school and extra tutorial classes toprepare for their

examinations. Extra curricula activities include sports, study visit, uniform club,recreation and religious classes. Facilities like hostels, library and quarters forstaff arealso provided. Donation from the public and private sectors ismanaged by the Board of Directors. Each child has a personal bank accountand when they leave the institution the bank book is given back to them.
Iii. Institution Administer by NGO. NGO”S play a complimentary role in helping
the Government to meet the social needs of older persons in the country. Out of
2,380 registered NGOs in Malaysia, almost 100 NGOs are working with children
and the rest with welfare related issues. Government grants for registered NGOs
such as Administrative grants, Maintenance grants, Per Capita grant and Grant
for programmes and activities for relevant target groups. NGOs institution also
provide the best interest for the child and is compulsory for children to attend-108-

school and extra activities like sport, visit study and recreation are also
encouraged.. They also manage donation from public and provide children with
their own personal bank account and when they reach 18 years old all themoney is given back to them.
b.

Challenges and constraints experienced:i.

Shortfalls in certified professionals staff to handle primary, secondary andtertiary interventions;

ii.

Legal and policy frameworks inadequately capture current realities of achanging society;

iii.

Current service structures are inadequate to handle complex issues faced by
women, family and children;iv.

Inter-ministry linkages require strengthening.

(2)Persons with physical disabilities, intellectual disabilities, persons with mental
disoders.
a.

List of services provided by government, NGO, private sector, family groups and otherhumanitarians agencies.
Services provided by DSW
i.

Registration and Identity Card

The purpose of registration is to collect data and statistics for the planning of services,
rehabilitation programmes, prevention, training, education and early intervention. The
Identity Card For Persons With Disabilities are issued to those who register with thedepartment to make communications with the relevant authorities easier.
ii.

Assistance with Orthotic/Assistive Devices

The purpose of this is to help persons with disabilities purchase orthotic/assistive
devices such as wheelchairs, calipers, artificial limbs and other equipment that they-109-

cannot afford. These devices will allow them to be mobile and to continue with theactivities of daily living.
iii.

Launching Grants

Launching grants to assist persons with disabilities who have the knowledge and skills
but who do not have the financial capital or equipment for self-supporting / small
business / agricultural projects. Maximum Launching Grant - RM2,700/=.
iv.

Disabled Worker’s Allowance

This scheme is to encourage persons with disabilities to continue working and be selfsupporting without depending on their family or others, and to obtain supplementary
income for their basic necessities.
v.

Sheltered Workshop

DSW try to obtain job opportunities for the disabled in the private/public sector, orplacement in Sheltered Workshops such as Bengkel Daya Klang, Bengkel Daya Sg.
Petani or any of the 13 other workshops run by voluntary organizations.
vi.

Vocational Skills Training - Bangi Centre for Rehabilitation and Industrial

Training (Pusat Latihan Perindustrian dan Pemulihan Bangi). Diploma level andvocational courses Certification are offered for persons with physical disabilities aged
between 18 and 40 years, who possessed at least a PMR or equivalent level and are
independent. Courses offered include computers and secretarial, tailoring and fashion
design, manufacturing of assistive devices, computer support, electrical wiring,
electronics, baking, photography and driving.
vii.

Entry into Rehabilitation Institutions ( Taman Sinar Harapan) - Rehabilitation is

given to persons with intellectual disabilities to acceptable levels based on individual
capabilities and desires. Shelter and care are also provided for persons with severe
disabilities. Activities include training daily living skills, pre-vocational education,-110-

informal academic classes, religious/moral lessons, sports/recreation and outdoor
activities.
viii.

Community-Based Rehabilitation CBRCBR is a community development strategy for persons with disabilities to obtainrehabilitation within their family and community whereby they are given the equal
opportunity for rehabilitation and interaction with society. Activities include gross motor
skills, fine motor skills, language development, social development, self-care, preReading/Writing/Math skills, creativity, sports and recreation.
Other services provided by Govermenti.

Social Security Organization (SOCSO):-Return To Work Programs-Physical and vocational rehabilitation-Help PWDs to be a productive worker and need a normal life-style.

Other services provided by NGO-Economic empowerment programs-Social enterprise-Create opportunities for PWDs to be more economically independent.
b. Current situation of the of the promotion system/services for employment of PWD.
Public Sectori.

Policy on 1% Employment of PWDs in Public Sector.

ii.

Implementation of Service Circular 3/2008 on 1 April 2008.

iii.

Recruitment procedure and policies

iv.

Applications proceduresv.

Roles of DSW:-Registration of job seekers-111-

-Referral to recruitment authority-advice and guidance-Periodical programmes with PWDs on issues regarding
employmentvi.

Roles of Heads Department:-Information on vacancies for PWDs
-Orientation programme at work place-Provision of reasonable accomodation-Submission of report on PWDs at agenciesvii. Monitoring

Private Sectori.

Ministry of Human Resource:-Registration and placement of PWDs in private sectors-Code of Practice for Employment of Disabled Persons in the Private Sector

ii.

Incentives for Employer in private sector:-Double taxation relief-Tax incentive for providing assistive devices and renovation of work placec.

Current situation of Community-Based Rehabilitation Services. Below is
information regarding CBR Project in Malaysia till February 2012:d.

Number of CBR programme: 468

Number of PWDs

: 20,184

Centre-Based: 16,108

Home-Based: 4,076

Number of CBR workers: 2,615

Challenges and constraints experiencedi.

Employment:
-112-

the

-PWDs entitled and have rights for work;-Focus on ability not disability;-Disability can be resolve by providing reasonable accomodation and facilities
including working environment and work task.
ii.

Prejudice and negative perception towards PWDs within attitudes, culture, low
expectation and stigma.

Iii.

Physical Environment include accessibity to the work place and public transport.

iv.

Lack of support services. Malaysia need enrichment for the employment support
system, job coaching, information and incentive scheme.

v.

Not enough training centers especially specilized centers for skill training
catering for the ability of different types of disabilities.

(3). Elderlya.

List of services provided by government, NGO, private sector, family groups andother humanitarian’s agencies
Ri.

DSW has a financial assistance scheme for the poor elderly especially those
without next of Kin. The scheme is called Aid for elderly whereby a monthly
allowance of RM300 per person will be given upon approval. The department
also could consider other assistance such as artificial/orthopedic appliances andspectacles.

ii.

Day Care Centre. DSW have 22 Day Care Centres for the elderly persons
throughout the country.

-113-

iii.

Home for the elderly. The DSW has 13 Homes for the elderly directly under the

management and financed by the government. The objective is to provide a propercare and protection for the needy elderly to ensure their security, treatment and to getbetter life quality. Registration of job in Housing Projects for the Elderly
Other Services Provided by the Government and NGOi.

Projects for the Elderly

The idea of comfortable retirement homes or retirement communities like those in the West. In
the mid-1990s, a housing developer planned to market its apartment as a high-end retirement
condominium for the elderly, complete with appropriate facilities. However, the market was not readyto accept the concept. Another attractive model is that of graduated retirement community, or
assisted care villages. Residents can choose to move into an apartment or a little villa of theirown, where they can live independently but with easy access to the amenities in the “village”.
As their needs increase with age, they can begin to pay for more and more services, such as
cleaning, meals and nursing. This is totally new to Malaysia and the market has yet to betested.
A review of the policies of the Ministry of Housing and Local Government reveals that
there is currently no specific provision to meet the housing needs of the elderly. The recent
emergence of nursing homes cause problems and confusionfrom the Local Authorities.

The Local Authority looked upon setting up such homes for the care of the elderly as“business” and therefore had to be carried out in designated commercial properties. With therelaxation of the rule in the early 1990s, residential properties are permitted to operate as
homes for the elderly. However, the validity of their licenses is on a year-to-year basis withthe condition that the neighbors do not complain. The uncertainty associated with licensing-114-

affects the quality of home andwilling to commit

care for the elderly in that operators of these homes are notinvestment on upgrading facilities, just in case that the licenses are

revoked.
ii.

Community Care

Over the years, community care has expanded both in scope and scale. Community
care is important, as the objective of the government is to allow the elderly to live as
normal a life as possible in their own homes or in a homely environment in the local
community. The concept of the “huts” or pondok works well in the rural areas since awindow of opportunity is opened to the elderly for integration into society, thus
overcoming the problem of depression or loneliness that are so common among
the elderly.
At this moment, the family remains the main caregiver. In order to ensure continuous
family support and to enable the family to carry out their tasks more effectively, therole of community services can help to strengthen family care. Friends and neighbours
can be important too in the case of community care, although services as in the case oflong-term care should not be expected.
c.

Challenges and constraints experiencedі.

Implications of ageing in social security

ii.

Health and health financing(4)

Public assistance system for the poora.

List of laws governing the public assistance services:i.

the Destitute Person Act 1977;
-115-

b.

ii.

The Social Security Organization (SOCSO)

iii.

Employees Providen Fund (EPF)

Since the DSW was established, the main target groups of the Department are thepoor and vulnerable people which involve poor families. PWDs, poor elderly, high riskchildren and disaster victims. There are services provided by the department torespective target groups. The main services from DSW for the poor and vulnerable arebased on financial assistance as below:
Target Group

Elderly citizens

Objective
Improve quality of life

Eligibility

Value

Elderly aged 60 or older with no RM300
direct income and no family or per month

Aid for Children

relative to assist
Assist families to ensure i. For families who are

RM100 per childcontinuous care by their taking care of their

A maximum

family or guardian.

monthly ofchildren;ii.Children aged below
18 years old;

RM450 perfamilyeveniii. Orphans;though more

iv. Children whose parents cannot

than 4 children.

afford or do not have source ofincome due to old age, disabled,
suffering from diseases or whoseparents are under
detention/prisoner;v. A guardian who is giving care to achild;-116-

Disabled

personallowance

Must be registered with DSW plus:

RM150

i. be a Malaysian citizen;

per monthii. have an individual monthly income
below RM750;
iii. Be between 18 and 59 years;
iv. Not participating in othercommunity rehabilitation scheme
Disabled

Workers Provide an incentive for Must be working independently or RM300

Allowance

disabled people with low employed and have a monthly income per monthincomes
employed

Launching Grant

toremain of RM1200 or less.
Must be registered with DSW.
i. Recipient of monthly assistancefrom DSW that manage projects suchas single mother or their children;
ii. PWDs registered with the DSW;
andiii. Ex-trainee from any institutions of
the DSW

Financial Assistancei. PWDs who are registered with Actual devices

for

DSW;

Artificial

cost of

Aids/Assistiveii. Recommend by medical officer or supporting

Devices

specialist; andiii. Low Income Group.

-117-

devices.

Financial Assistance Helping those children i.Children below 18 years old;for Foster Care

who are unfortunate and ii. Orphans;Childrenorphans who do not have iii. Children who live with a foster
any relative to stay in the family;communitywiththe iv. Children who are not adopted

foster familyby the Adoption Act 1952

To help the foster family
who are willing accept
and care for thesechildren.
c.

Challenges and constraints experienced
a. To educate the vulnerable independently not so much depending 100% with thefinancial aids.
b. To empower the client to start a small businessc. To enable the clients to be more productive and move towards independent living.

(5)

List of services provided by government, NGO, private sector, family gropus and otherhumanitarians agencies.

a.

Services Provided for Poverty Among Women
Various economic, social and training programmes are implemented by theGovernment and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to reduce poverty among
women, including single mothers and female-headed households. Throughthese

programmes, the incidence of poverty among female headed households declined
from 12.5 per cent in 2002 to 11.5 per cent in 2004. Through the Skim Pinjaman Ikhtiar,-118-

implemented by the Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM), about 67,000 women from thelow-income group were involved in micro-credit enterprises.
Women in the rural areas are also provided with opportunities to establish
workshops and trading stall premises to facilitate their involvement in small
businesses. In addition, training in ICT conducted to enable these women toincrease their productivity and efficiency. The SkimKhas Ibu Tunggal was established
by AIM in 2001 to enable single mothers to undertake income-generating activities by
providing easy access to financial assistance. About 2,800 single mothers benefited
from this scheme.
NGOs will be further encouraged to complement Government efforts in theadvancement of women, especially at the grassroot level. Towards this end, NGOs will
be provided with financial support to implement programmes that directly benefit
women and improve their quality of life. In addition, training will be provided to NGOs
to ensure professionalism in handling issues relating to women.
b.

Policy Uncertainty and Potential Directions. has potential problems in clearly
defining single mothers, has an evidence base that is very limited and an approach toanalysis, data use and modelling that is not optimal for good policy making. Whatevidence there is on programme performance reflects a fragmented design ofcoverage, the majority of which relies on means-tested social assistance and targeted
employment and business development programmes.

4.

Finance(1)Trends and variations in the social welfare budget over the last 10 yearsent
In 2009, the Malaysian Federal Goverment's budget current expenditure was at 21.3
percent of GDP, up from 20.4 percent in 2008. In 2009, budgeted development
expenditure (economic services, social services, security, and general administration)-119-

accounted for 7.8 percent of GDP, a significant increase from the 5.7 percent in 2008.
Welfare services received less than 1 percent of social expenditure between 2001 and2010. In year 2001-2010, Expenditure in 8 Malaysia Plan for Ministry of Women,
Community and Development was RM258million (0.2%).
(2)

Financial sources for social welfare devision of reasonable accommodation
Table 1: Federal Government Development
Allocation And Expenditure By Sector, 2001-2010 (RM million)
Sector8MP
Expenditure
5942

Local
Authorities
and Welfare
Services%

9MP
Development
Allocation

%

3.5

9121

4.6

PrivateFinance
Initiatives
0

TOTAL
9121

5.

Donor supported or funded aid projects in the field of social welfare. No info

6.

Social welfare related policy within the National Development Plan.

Implementation of Service Circular 3/2008 on 1 April
The policies and strategies for the first phase of the Vision 2020 are spelled out in thesecond Outline Perspective Plan, 1991-2000 (OPP2). It embodied the National
Development Policy (NDP) which replaced the New Economic Policy (NEP) andcontained several shift in policy to provide new dimensions to the development efforts
in bringing about a more balanced development while maintaining the basic policies of
the NEP.
Social welfare policy located in the Third Outline Perspective Plan (2001-2010).
In chapter 7-Sectoral Policies and Priorities in Social Services include the efforts willcontinue to be undertaken to strengthen the family unit that forms the basis for social-120-

stability and building a caring society. Programmes will be undertaken to equip families
to face the challenges arising from rapid development as well as ensure that stability
and harmony within the family unit is maintained. In addition, as globalization will havean impact on the family structure and society, including the relevance of cultural values
and norms in social integration and nation building, efforts will be undertaken to ensurethat the Malaysian society is resilient to withstand such negative influences. Example

9

7.

th

Malaysia Plan regarding Fostering Family and Community Development. t not negatedTraining and qualification of support personnel for social welfare.

Social welfare workers in Malaysia are not only case workers working withpeople with problems but they are also involved in management of organisations, insocial planning and social development, in initiating social policies and social
legislation. The system qualifying social workers include social work qualification froma recognized institution/university and have professional competencies such as social
work knowledge, values, skills and intervention methods groups, communities andorganizations, social ethics, professionalism within an organizational setting and selfreflective supervised practice. Training system for the social welfare workers in the
Department of Social Welfare is based on Training Need Analysis (TNA) and Career
Development. Social welfare workers and supporting staff need to attend
courses/seminar/workshop organised by the Training Unit and The Social Institute of
Malaysia. Basic Courses is compulsory for fresh intake.

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8.

Non-Governmental Organizations(NGOs)
NGOs complement and supplement to the Department in providing various services for
its target groups. In line with the concept “Welfare as a Shared Responsibility “ theDepartment of Social Welfare provides support in the form of annual grants to NGOs
to help these organizations cover part of the expenses for providing services to thepeople. NGOs working with the social welfare by registration as Welfare Volunteer
Organization. The NGOs that deserve to be qualified in receiving social welfare grant(administrative,maintenance and per capita) must be registered under Societies Act
1966, local organization, organize welfare related activities/programs in the form of
prevention, rehabilitation, caregivers and protection and also the development for thistarget groups.

Proportion (%) NGOs activities coverage to total social welfare services:
Item
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Social Welfare Service
Child Welfare
Disabilities
Elderly
Welfare Assistance for the poor
Disaster Victim
Women
FamilyNGOs (total)
50
73
29
1
5
3

Prov
9.

Strategy for Social Welfare

Enhancing social work professionalism in Malaysia – through the establishment ofcompetency standards and the Enactment of a Social Workers Act
The Department of Social Welfare together with the Ministry of Women, Family andCommunity Development (MWFCD), the Malaysian Association of Social Workers (MASW)
and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) are spearheading the introduction of a new-122-

era of professionalism in social work premised on competency-based international bestpractices. This initiative aims to enhance the delivery of social work interventions in the
management of increasingly complex social problems that are challenging the nation in its
efforts to achieve a developed nation status by 2020.
To do this , the Cabinet approved several proposals by the MWFCD on 23 rd April 2010:
i. Establish National Competency Standards for Social work Practice and Education;
ii. Enact a Social Workers Act to implement the competency standards;
iii. Establish a Social Work Council under the Act to regulate competency of social
work practitioners and educators:
iv. Standardize programmes for social work education in institutions of higher learning
v. Upgrade the Social Institute of Malaysia and establish other accredited training
institutes to offer social work courses at certificate and diploma levels.
This initiative was undertaken to address the declining capacity of the traditional informal caresector of families, kin and communities to respond to the multi dimensional nature of
psychosocial issues being faced within a rapidly changing society.
The rationale for such a move is strongly supported by increasing risk of harm towards clients
if social workers do not have the appropriate competencies to respond to their needs.
Hence, the professionalization of social work practice and education is a milestone event in
Malaysia towards putting in place resources within the government and non-governmentalorganisations to enable the provision and delivery of efficient, effective and appropriate social
services. It reflects the commitment of the Department and the Ministry, MASW and UNICEF,
to the care, safety and protection of all citizens, in particular the vulnerable groups such as
children and families, persons with disabilities, elderly, people experiencing physical andmental health problems and other groups open to exploitation and harm.

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QUESTIONNAIRE SHEETProgram Title
1)

Questions and Topics of Particular Interest
The mechanism of effectiveness assessment of the programs or
activities that are carried out at Child Center.

3)

The achievement level of the programs that have been carried out
at Child Center.

4)

Assessment towards the programs or activities that have been
done.

4)

The accomplishment of the researches to identify and find theteenagers that have been freed or out from the institution.

Welfare Services
Children5)

What is the content of strategic planning at the Child Center.

7)

What is the intervention or deterrent program at Child Center orfor theany of other rehabilitation center.
8)

How far the participation of person in charge of the child in thecare and rehabilitation in the institution.

9)

Which child services in the institution that are offered by online.

(10)

Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for sending cases to therehabilitation center.

11)Child's Right Convention (CRC) that are implemented at therehabilitation Center.

12

What is the best practice in the rehabilitation Center or in thechild services.

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The Study Programme
for the Improvement of the Social Welfare System

Nepal

-125-

Country ReportCountry: NEPAL

Name of participants organization: Ministry of General Administration

1. Basic Indicators - Please find the attached sheet.

2.Organization of the Social Welfare System and its Administration
1. Basic laws covering the following categories with name/title and year of
approval and implemented:-126-Interim Constitution of Nepal 2007: It is clearly mentioned that the Rights
regarding social safety are fundamental rights where women, labors, the aged,
disabled as well as incapacitated and helpless citizens shall have the right to social
security as provided for in the law. Right regarding education, Right of women,
Right to social justice and Right of children are also fundamental rights mentioned
in the Constitution.
Other related Acts and Regulations are;a. Child welfare. Child Act, 1992
. Child Regulation, 1995
. Child Labour (prohibition and Regulation ) Act, 2000
. Emergency Child relief fund regulation, 2010
. Minimum Standards of Operation of Juvenile Homes, 2003
b. Disabilities. Disabled protection and welfare Act, 1982
. Disabled protection and welfare Regulation, 1982
. Social Welfare Act, 1992
. Disabled National Policy & Work plan, 2005
. ID card distribution directive, 2008
. CBR work directive, 2006
c. Elderly. Senior citizen Act, 2006
. Senior citizen welfare Regulation, 2008
. National Policy on Senior Citizen, 2002
d. Others (Women, etc)Domestic Voilance (Crime and Punishment) Act, 2009
Domestic Voilance (Crime and Punishment) Regulation, 2010

Human Trafficking and Transportation Control Act, 2007National Women's Commission Act, 2006
National Plan of Action, 2003

Social Security Grant Guideline 2008-127-

1. Labor Act, 1991
2. Labor Regulation 1991
3. Industrial Act, 1992
4. Civil Service Act, 1992
5. Civil Service Regulation, 1993
6. Senior Citizen Act, 2006
7. Disable protection and Welfare Act, 1982
8. Children Act, 1991
9. Social Security Program Implementation Procedure, 2008
10. Foreign Employment Act, 2007
11. Foreign Employment Regulation, 2007
12. Social Welfare Act, 1992
13. Child Labor (Restiction and Regulatory) Act, 1999
14. Local Self Governance Act, 1998
15. Local Self Governance Regulation, 1999
2. Social welfare functions and organizational and administrative
The main social welfare functions carried out by the state for various
population and vulnerable groups
 Social protection sets a minimum standard of social and economic security
that protects citizens against vulnerability and deprivation.
“Vulnerability” is a state of high exposure to certain risks, combinedwith a reduced ability to protect or defend oneself against those and copewith their negative consequences. Social protection is founded onpremise that all citizens have a responsibility for protecting thevulnerable and the state plays a mediating role in redistribution from therich to poor
Social Protection Comprises of;• A range of protective, preventive and promotional public actions, carried out
by the state which seek to guarantee relief from destitution and avert
deprivation.
• Purposes of social protection:• To prevent, mitigate, and enhance ability of poor to cope with andrecover from risks and shocks• To contribute to poor people’s ability to emerge from poverty-128-

• Instruments of social protection• Social insurance measures e.g. informal community mechanism: selfreliant groups, saving/credit groups, traditional funeral guthi etc• Legislative and regulatory frameworks for equity and justice (e.g.
child act; JJ regulation etc.)• Cash transfer and in-kind transfer to poor (social assistance; e.g. oldage allowance, child grant)
Scheme

1. Social
Assistance:(Govt. Financed)
a. Support access toexisting
government
programs
b. Develop
initiatives atcommunity level

Health

Education

Social security

 Free Health Free Primary  Senior
Citizen's
Education
Allowance:(Rs.500)
 Maternity :o SC 70+o Himal: 1500  Girls & Dalit
Scholarshipo SC Karnali 60+
o Mountn:
 Girlso SC Dalit 60+
1000
educationo Single Women allo Terai: 500
incentives
 Disability Allowances : Senior citizen
prog.
Healtho Full (1000)
program: Uptoo Partial (300)
5000/asper Child Protection Grant (Rsprescription200) :
 FreeHearto Karnali 2 child <5 yrs
Vulve Changeo Dalit all childn <5yrs
forChildren Special Protection (Rs. 500<14universal):kusunda, FreeHeartbankaria, surel, hayu, raji,
treatment forkisan,
lepcha,meche,>70
kushbadia"loponmukh"
tribals.
 Route: (Rs 500-universal)
 Children Displaced from
Armed
Conflict(Rs.5000/month) Ealderly
Homes,
Child
welfare homes etc.
 Disaster rescue and reliefprog.
 Conflict affected family andchildren relief prog.
 Freeing of bonded labourprog.
 Child labour eradication-129-

2. Social
Insurance:a. Support access togovernment
insurance
programs
b. Develop
community
based micro
insuranceprog.
 Provident Fund
 Civil Service Pension
 Foreign employment welfare
trust



b. The organizational chart which implement the above mentionedfunctions at the various level of social welfare services.
Development
partners

Ministry of Local
Development

District Development
Committee

Municipalities/Villag
e Dev. Committees
NGO, CBO

Beneficiaries

List of service providers
Central Level:
1. Ministry of Local Development
2. Ministry Health and Population
3. Ministry of Women, Children and Social welfare-130-Line ministries
and departments

4. Ministry of Labor
5. Ministry of Education
6. Social Welfare Council
7. Central Children Welfare Committee
8. International Non Governmental Organization
Local Level:
1. District Development Committee
2. Municipalities and Village Development Committees
3. NGOs
4. Civil Society/Community Base Organization
5. Line agencies at the district level
6. Child welfare committee Local Self Governance Act and Regulation is the key act that governs andguide the relationship between the central and local governments indelivering and administering social welfare services. Other are the Child
Protection Guideline 2009 , Disable protection Act 1982, Social Security
Grant Guideline 2008 are also facilitate it. Number of guidelines, directives
and procedures are in operation for better social safety program
implementation. Child regulations, 1995, Social Transfer Grant guidelines,
Emergency Child relief fund regulation, 2010 are some more acts in thisconcern.
3. Types of social welfare services available
Social Cash Transfer in Nepal
Benefit
Beneficiaries
coveragesize/Month
Senior Citizens,
500
Universal
1.

Single Women,
Indigenous People(Tribe)Fully Disabled,Child Protection(Nutrition support)
in Karnali zone and

500/month
500/month

universal
Universal

1000/month
200/month

universal
universal

Eligibility- Senior Citizens 70+- Senior Citizens (Dalit) 60+- Senior Citizens (Karnali) 60+
Single Women (widow/divorced)- Indigenous people

-131-




Persons with full disability
upto 2 children
Universal within target
population

Poor Dalit Children.
Rehabilitation of
5000/month universal
Children affected
and involved inarmed conflict
Partially Disabled.
300
partialCharacterised by: High Level Political Commitment
 Popular among the beneficiaries
 Medium for poverty reduction
 No administrative expenses
 Government investment
 Promotion of dignified life First initiative in the SAARC
 Unconditional
 Wide coverage

Displaced
involvedorphanned

Persons with partial disability 16+

Challenges and Constraints: Recourse constraint, limited coverage, poor
data base, service provider limitation, weak mechanism are the main
challenges and constraints. The poor children out side Karnali zone,
marginalized group are not getting the service.
2. Child Welfare:
Government of Nepal Provides;
 Free education upto Secondary level for all Free Antenatal/postnatal health care in state run hospitals/health centres
 Child welfare homes run by Govt.(Orphans/homeless etc)
 Child welfare homes at private/NGO sector
 Rehabilitation of Children affected and involved in armed conflict Child Correction homes Budget allocation at district level for child protection activities
 Establishment of Emergency Child Relief fund.
 Allocation of Budget for Child welfare and Child Development within
Block Grant in each village/municipality.
 Subsidies for Aids/equipments for disabilities and special medical
treatment.
 Free immunization services-132- Books and scholarship programs for girls of special circumstances.
 Nutrition support upto 2 children in Karnali zone and Poor Dalit Children.
 NGO's privide (with limited access to;)o Services
o counseillingo aids/equipments
b. Challenges and constraints experienced
 Lack of resources (financial/human resoursces/physical)
 Lack of unified policy for child sensitive Social welfare NGO sector often resist to follow the directives of Govt.
 Geography (hard to reach settings)
3.
Persons with Physical Disabilities, Intellectual Disabilities, Persons with
Mental Disorders
services provided by government, NGO, private sector, family groups andother humanitarian agencies
 distribution of ID card to person with disabilities in all districts.
 CBR programmes run in 75 districts.
 Established in 5 development regions disabled information andimpowerment centre Allocation of Budget for disability welfare within Block Grant in eachvillage/municipality.
 Free education /scholarships
 5% reservation in Civil Service.
 Awareness programmes NGO sector provides Aids/instruments/trainings for disability.

Challenges and constraints: Recourse scarcity, limited coverage due toquota, weak mechanism for service delivery.
For better employment opportunity there are training and capacity building
programs by government as well as NGO and private sector. 5 % seats ofgovernment advertisement are reserved for people with disability.

-133-Limited opportunity, resource constraint, weak coordination among theservice provider, unfavorable public infrastructure etc are the main
challenges and constraints.
4. Elderly
a. List of services provided by government, NGO, private sector, familygroups and other humanitarian agencies
 Cash reimbursement for health care (in all 75 districts to compensate healthcare costs.) Allocation of Budget for Senior citizen's welfare within Block Grant ineach village/municipality.
 Established 5 senior citizen homes in 5 development regions.
 Establishing 3 senior citizen gram village in 3 development regions
 Establishing senior citizen clubs.
 50% discount in transportation
 Geriatric hospital established in 3 development regions
 Senior citizen (Geriatric) homes in 5 development regions
 Old age homes in private sector.
 Social pension of Rs.500/- per monthb. Challenges and constraints experienced. Lack of coordination. Lack of awareness. Lack of realization of the senior citizen as a valuable property. Generation gap. Lack of senior citizen friendly environment. Political instability.

1. Marginalized group like Raute, Kusunda Raji, Surel get Rs 1000 per month
cash grant.

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2. Grants and Scholarship programs are also running for girls, marginalized,
Kamlari and dalits, . Scholarship, stationary support, dress support etc arealso granted.
5. Womena. List of services provided by government, NGO, private sector, familygroups and other humanitarian agencies
 Women development program (economic empowerment) Women empowerment program (Legal, Social, political, administrativ
empowerment) Gender mainstreaming and women empowerment program (economic andsocial empowerment) Programs on anti-trafficking and rehabilitation of women and victims
rescued.
 Social transfer for Single women and women as senior citizen.
 33% reservation in all positions of government services.
 Legislation reforms (discriminatory laws ammendments)
Vocational trainings, Capacity building programs by the government.
Duplication of program and beneficiary, weak coordination, insufficient
resources, poor implantation mechanism, poor data base are few challenges
and constraints.
6. Public Assistance System for the poor:
Local Self Governance Act
Youth Self Employment Fund Act
People Participation Development Program Guideline
Free health facility program guideline
Scholarship and grant procedure
Social security operation directives, are few example of laws related to
public assistance system for poor.
Every public/community construction users committee should give firstpriority to the poor for physical labor. Concessions and some rebates on-135-transportation given to elderly people. Child care centers and Elderly Care homes
are operated mostly by the private sector.
Involvement of private sector and family groups in social welfare is quite often but
still it is not recorded properly.
4.Finance
Direct fund grant to elderly, disables and other marginalized was started from1996. Still the portion of the grant and allocation of budget is less than 2 % insocial welfare activities. Huge amount of resources are spending on social
welfare by informal sector. INGO spending on social welfare is still hard to
track.
Annual budget of Social Security grant by government have been increasing every
year
Year
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012(Estimated)

Allocated Budget
forSocialSecurity
4,32,000,000
6,110,000,000
7,120,000,000
8,560,000,000
9,500,000,000

DirectBeneficiary

Total
BudgetNational

460,329510,286
572,342
579,143
611,657

227,000,000,000
301,000,000,000
342,000,000,000
399,000,000,000
453,000,000,000

Most of the NGO are operating their activities with the resource support by thedonors.
Number of projects are being implementing all over the country.
List of some donors who implement the project, cooperation with local partner,
i.e. NGO, CBO or local line agency and local authority.
1. DFID
2. JICA
3. Nepal Laprosy Trust, UK
4. Seva Foundation, UK
5. Care Nepal
6. Fida International-136-

7. Plan International
8. LWF9. Marlin
10.Room to Read
11.INF world wide
12.Marie Stopes
13.FHI, Family Health International
14.Save the Children Norway
15.Ama Foundation
16.RRN Nepal
17.Handicap International

3. Social welfare related policy within the National Development Plan
From the Interim Constitution to present 3 year plan focus on the social safety forthe poor, women, children, people with disability. Related Sectoral Policies are
there with specific vision and mission to achieve the overall objective of theperiodic plan. Annual National Development Plan also emphasis on the effective
implementation of social safety programs. Disable friendly policy, women andchildren policy, Gender Equity and Social Inclusion Policy have been
implementing by the government.
List of social welfare policies:
1. Labor and Employment Policy, 2007
2. Senior Citizen Policy
3. Child Labor Eradication Master Plan 2004-2014
4. Disable Service National Action Plan 2003
5. National Action Plan Against Child and Women Trafficking 2011
6. Gender Equity and Social Inclusion Policy, 2009
4. Training and qualification of support personnel for social welfare
There is no any specific training for support staff. Government organize few
training for the concern staffs regularly, especially those who are in the field level.

-137-

Capacity building trainings regularly conducted to DDC, VDC and municipality
staff. Some Training institutions organized on the request of implementation
institution. In general there is no any specific and regular training for social
welfare workers, there is no any specific eligibility criteria for their selection anddo not have a very impressive system for supporting social welfare services
personnel.
5. NGOs' activities
1) List of the type and nature of NGO,s activities
a. Naure of the social welfare functions carried out by NGOs
1. AIDS and Abuse control
2. Child Welfare
3. Community and Rural Development
4. Education Development
5. Environment Development
6. Handicapped and Disables
7. Health Services
8. Moral Development
9. Women Services
10.Youth Services
Out of 207 INGOs associated with Social Welfare Council 47 INGOs are
directly involved in social welfare activities. There are 2305 NGO
registered for women services, 951 for child welfare and 597 forhandicap and disable services.
b. NGOs are becoming main implementer of social welfare activities. Every
NGO has to register in District Administration Office and renewed
annually. National level NGO also registered in Social Welfare Council.
Before starting any social welfare functions NGO should get permission
from respective local body (District Development Committee). For
national level NGO and INGO Social Welfare Council and concern
ministry give approval to carry out their functions. Every NGO has tocoordinate with the local body and approve their annual program budget
and program in concern DDC council.
NGOs are encouraged to work upon the priority areas of the district.

-138-

There is a NGO Coordination Committee in every district lead by the
DDC. It coordinates and facilitates NGO activities in the district. Every
year NGOs need recommendation from DDC for its renewal process.
Even for the National NGO, DDC has to recommend Social Welfare
Council.
Many NGOs are getting regular resources from local body for their social
activities.
c. It is hard to simply quantify the proportion of the NGO,s activities
coverage to total social welfare services, but the coverage of NGO,s
activities are quite high and most of the cases these are complimentary to
the government services.
2) Financial sources for NGOs
Apart form little self-generated resources, all NGO are depend on donor's
resources and resources from government as well as local community.
Grants, contributions, subsidy, etc are the main sources of NGOs.
6. Strategy for social welfare
Different strategic plan formulated and are being implemented by different
ministries. Women, Disable and children are the most focused sector in welfare
activates. Duplication among the national district as well as implementationlevel is common.

7.

Some difficulties and challenges in the field of social welfare:a) Under coverage of the services, could not cover all needy people. Only someregion, zones and less number of targeted people have been covered.
b) Fiscal unsustainability for the running activities. Many social welfare
activities are depends on the donor's fund. Government allocate minimum
budget on social welfare activities.
c) Design and choice of targeting is challenging. Sufficient resources,
dedicated and capable human resources needed.
d) Involvement of NGOs is limited to the easy access areas rather than mostneeded areas. Gap between the need and the supply by the NGOs. NGO
coordination and regulatory part is very weak.

-139-e) Fragmentation of program, only patch work in social welfare sector. Lot ofcross sectoral issues should be addressed simultaneously but we are lacking
behind in this aspect.
f) Strong integrated policy and implementation with full commitment islacking.
g) Capacity of service provider, government and non-government, still far
behind than the actual need.
h) Social welfare some time treated as political activity of the political party
rather than social agenda. Politicalised NGO treated needed people as theirvoter.

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I. Basic Indicators
Indicator(s)Data147.18Yeara. Total population

29,890,000

2011

b. Population ages 0-14 (% of total)

Male: 17.4 %1. Area (in 1,000 sq. km)
2. Population by age-groups and by sex

Female: 17.2 %c. Population ages 15-64 (% of total)

Male: 29.3%
Female: 30.8%

d. Population ages 65 and over (% of total)

Male: 2.1%

Female: 2.3%
3. Urban population (%)

19 %

2010

4. Rate of natural increase of population (% per annum)

1.4

2011

5. Birth rate (per 1,000 population)

24.3

2011

6. Total fertility rate

3.4

2011

7. Death rate (per 1,000 population)

6.75

2011

8. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)

43.13

2011

9. Life expectancy at birth

Total: 66.51

2011

Male: 65.26
Female: 67.82
10. GDP per capita (USD)

1300

11. Average number of members in a household

4.9

12. Ratio of fatherless and motherless families to the total
13. Average age of first marriage

19.5

-141-

2011

14. Divorce rate (per 1,000 population)
15. Ratio of females in the labor force to the total labor force
16. Annual total working hours
17. GINI index

0328

18. Ratio of social security benefit expenses to national income
19. Number of disabled people by the Category
a. deafb. blindc. physically disabled people
d. mentally retarded people
e. others
20. Number of School for disabled children by type

1.9 percent

21. Number of Social Welfare Institution by type

-142-

30462
21377
53634
32677
10201

2011

The Study Programme
for the Improvement of the Social Welfare System

Philippines-143-

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The Study Programme
for the Improvement of the Social Welfare System

Sri Lanka-162-

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The Study Programme
for the Improvement of the Social Welfare System

Thailand-174-

VI. ANNEX:
ANNEX 1Country Report Format

The following information should be included in your Country Report.
1. Country: Thailand
3. Name of Participant’s Organization: Northeastern Rehabilitation Center for Persons with

Disabilities,Ubon Ratchathani Province (NRCPD), Department of Social Development and Welfare
Ministry of Social Development and Human Security(Contents)
1. Basic Indicators

Indicator (s)1. Area (in 1,000 sq.km)
2. Population by age-groups and by sex
a. Total populationb. Population ages 0-14 (% of total)c. Population ages 15-64 (% of total)d. Population ages 65 and over (% of total)
3. Urban population (%)
4. Rate of natural increase of population (% per annum)
5. Birth rate (per 1,000 population)
6. Total fertility rate
7. Death rate (per 1,000 population)
8. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
9. Life expectancy at birth
10. GDP per capita (USD)
11. Average number of members in a household
12. Ratio of fatherless and motherless families to the total
13. Average age of first marriage
14. Divorce rate (per 1,000 population)
15. Ratio of females in the labor force to the total labor force
16. Annual total working hours (Per 1 population/year)
17. GINI index
18. Ratio of social security benefit expenses to national income
19. Number of disabled people by Categoryb. deafc. blindd. physically disabled people
e. mentally retarded prople
f. others

-175-

Data
523.12 x 103

Year
2012

63,828,267
Male
10.02
Female 9.45
Male
36.65
Female 36.70
Male
3.55
Female 4.63
44%
0.5
12.0
1.5
7.1
11.8
Total
73.25
Male
69.6
Female 76.9
4,620
3.2
20.1
Female 22.2
20.80
0.46
2,000
0.42
97.4

2012

196,272
141,784
584,478
85,550239,240

2012

2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2010
2010
2008
2006
2000
2010
2012
2008
2012

20. Number of School for disabled children by type

43

2009

a. Residential care for children.

20

2012

b. Reception Home for Children.

2c. Child Welfare Protection Centre.

2d. Shelter for Children are Families.

77

e. Child Welfare and Vocational Training Centre.

1

f. Child Development and Rehabilitation Centre.

4

g. Welfare Protection and Occupational Development

4

21. Number of Social Welfare Institution by type

Centre for Women.
h. Welfare and Vocational Training Centre for Women.

8i. Social Welfare Development Centre for Older Persons.

13

j. Residential care for the destitute.

11

k. Residential care at Baan Mit Mai Tree.

10

l. Residential care at Baan Pak Jai.

2

m. Residential care for persons with disabilities.

11

n. Vocational Rehabilitation for persons with disabilities.

9o. Service Center for Autistic Persons.

2p. Welfare protection and occupational

4q. Social Development Centers

76

r. Self-help Land Settlements

15

s. Community Welfare Protection Center in Bangkok.

25

t. Regional Administration.

76

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2. Organization of the Social Welfare System and its Administration(1) A list of laws covering the following categories with name/title and year when
it was approved and implemented:
Group

The name of Principle Law

Approval date

The Constitution of
Kingdom of Thailand Act
B.E. 2007
2. Child and64
1. The Child Adoption Act
Youth
B.E.2010 (3rd)
2. The Child Protection Act
B.E. 2003
3. The National Childand Youth Development
Promotion Act
B.E. 2008
4. The Accommodation Act
B.E. 1964
5. The Specific Child Training
Act B.E. 1958
3. Person with
35
The Empowerment
Disability
Person with Disabilities
Act B.E.2007 (2nd)
4. Older person
37
The Older person Act B.E.
2010 (2nd)
5. Social Welfare
102
1. The Social Welfare
Promotion Act B.E.
2007 (2nd)
2. The Social Cremation
Act B.E. 2002
6. Community
93
1. The National Housing
and Social
Act B.E.2007(2nd)
2. The Community
Organization Act
B.E.2008
3. The Land allocation for
Living Act B.E.2007(2nd)
7. Protection28
1. The beggar controlling Act
B.E.1941
2. The Prostitute Prevention
and Suppression Act
B.E.1996
3. The Anti-Trafficking in
Person Act B.E. 2008
8. Woman and
10
1. The Title of female Act
FamilyB.E.2008
2. The Victim from violencein Families Protection Act
B.E.2007
Source: Ministry of Social Development and Human Right.

August 24 , 2007

Implemented
date
August 24 , 2007

May 16, 2010

May 15, 2011

October 2, 2003

March 30, 2004

January 14, 2008

April 13, 2008

March 21, 1964

April 1, 1964

October 14, 1958

October 15, 1958

September 27,
2007

September 28,
2007

September 15,
2010
December 28,
2007
May 3, 2002

September 16,
2010
December 29,
2007
August 3, 2002

September 19,
2007
February 8, 2008

September 20,
2007
February 9, 2008

May 4, 2007

May 5, 2007

October 7, 1941

October 7, 1941

October 22, 1996

December 26,
1996

February 6, 2008

June 5, 2008

February 5, 2008

June 4, 2008

August 14, 2007

November12,
2007

1. Thai Citizens

No. of
items
1

-177-

(2) Social welfare functions and organizational and administrativea. The main social welfare functions carried out by the stets forvarious population and vulnerable groups and b. The Organizational chart
showing and administrative structures that implement the above mentionedfunctions at the various levels of the social welfare services
While Thailand is going through its transition period of development, there are groupsof people who are struggling to adapt to these inevitable social changes. The inability to adapt
and the lack of potential competency to handle certain changes in their lives unquestionably
lead to various societal problems, including; homelessness, teenage pregnancy, neglectedchildren and abandoned elderly people who are left in their own misery to paddle through lifeby themselves, and psychological abuse or even violence towards women and children. These
severe issues, if not properly and appropriately addressed, will only get worse, this is why
concerned agencies and organizations must find a solution to tackle these existing problems
in order to revive the Thai society to a safe and peaceful environment.
Ministry of Social Development and Human Security was set up in accordance with
the Act of Amending Ministry, Sub-Ministry and Department in year 2002. The Ministry istasked with duties and responsibilities for operating social welfare and setting up thedirection of policy and strategic of social development ,social welfare and human security
from

all

sectors

of

the

Thai

society(The

ministryofhealth ,education ,culture ,interior ,environment ,etc) in order to enable all individual
members of society to have security in life and to have access to sustainable and inclusive
social protection and welfare services. The Ministry has integrated work with other agencies
under the Ministry to empower and create a synergy of social welfare.
The Ministry has 9 administrative structures as follows:
1) Office of the Minister has its functions in relation to political matters with aview to support the Minister’s conduct of his/her duties and to oversee polity andcoordination with other ministries.
2) Office of the Permanent Secretary has its functions in relation to the
proposed policies, strategies and measure for social development and human security in orderto reciprocate social changing.

-178-3) Department of Social Development and Welfare has its functions in relation
to the provision of social welfare services and develop service providing system in order to
set the standard of prevention, rehabilitation, protection and empowerment of vulnerable
groups. Moreover, the department has a function to promote and coordinate the operation ofsocial welfare services networks of each target group and each operational areas.
4) Office of Welfare Promotion, Protection and Empowerment of Vulnerable
Groups has its functions in relation to protecting rights and promoting potential of various
target groups. It is in charge of formulating policy, measures and mechanisms for developing
security and quality of life of the target groups as well as supporting coordination among
concerned GOs and NGOs.
5) Office for Women’s Affairs and Family Development has its functions inrelation to development of women potential, promotion of gender equality, empowerment offamily institution as well as establishment of social equity and justice. It is in charge offormulating policy and measures to enhance social security for women as well as promotionof gender equality which will lead to the power for social development as a whole.
6) National Office for Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities has its
functions in relation to empowering and protecting the rights of persons with disabilities andpromoting access to public services without discrimination for persons with disabilities aswell as providing government budget for the disable organization for their activities.
7) Community Organizations Development Institute has its functions inrelation to promoting the development of community organizations and civil society bycoordinating the efforts of stakeholders involved in community development as well as
supporting budget for communities and their networks.
8) National Housing Authority has its functions in relation to providing
housing for vulnerable people and the low-income people including low-level civil servantsand other state staff members to afford hire-purchase of housing units of their owns. It is
responsible for developing housing security and urban development to improve living quality
to ensure a balanced, strong, livable, and sustainable society.
9) Public Pawnshop Office has its functions in relations to providing financial
assistance for low-income earners through pledging of assets at low interest rates as well as tomaintain fair and standard prices among privates pawnshops as stipulated by law.

-179-

Ministry of Social Development
and Human Security

1. Office of the Minister
2. Office of thePermanent Secretary

3. Department ofsocial Development
and Welfare

6. National Office for
Empowerment of
Persons with Disabilities

4. Officer of welfare
Promotion andEmpowerment ofVulnerable Groups

7. Community
Organizations
Development
Institute

8. National
Housing
Authority

5. Officer for
Women’s
Affairs andFamilyDevelopment
Groups
9. Public
Pawnshop
OfficeThe Ministry has operated its task on social development and human security
which has reached the tenth year of establishment in 2012. While the social situation
on a national level also within ASEAN has changed dramatically in which the
Ministry has to adapt its operating procedure to compile with the domestic situation as
well as to adapt toward the entry into ASEAN community by the year 2015 especiallyin the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community or ASCC. The main purpose is to raise
quality of life of the people, to promote sustainability of natural resources and toenhance cultural identity of ASEAN. The Ministry therefore has to improve the
Ministry’s strategies dated 2012 – 2016 which can be summarized as follows:
Vision: Moving forward to a quality society on the basis of shared responsibility
Strategies:
1. Pushing forward to the welfare society
2. Developing a strong society responding to social changes and fluctuations
3. Enhancing the social synergy
4. Improving the capability of social development administration
Because every human being has the equal right to receive equal social security
services. As long as Thai society has to faced many obstacles, the people has not received
good quality of life and security to live, the Ministry has the duty to continue to help develop
Thai community in social welfare and to build the strong base for sustainable goodenvironment.The Ministry continues to create and develop the community to social harmony
under the vision “Moving forward to a quality society on the basis of shared responsibility”-180-(3) Main guidelines and procedural documents that govern and guide therelationship between the central and local governments in delivery and administeringsocial welfare services
The government system in Thailand in each ministry has an office in the regional,
province, district and even sub-district level thus budget and all facility has been send andsupported through these system. Last two decade, Thailand has applied decentralized
authority the from central to local under policy/law/action plan. In the local organizations
level, there are the selected representative office running the activities which the budget aresupported by government and local taxes. The activities which design by these two partsystems can support each other in term of budget, technology sharing, coordinating, etc.
3. Types of social welfare services available(1) Child Welfare
a. List of services provided by government, NGO, private sector, family groups
and other humanitarian agencies- Institution-based welfare services- A big home project will be implemented within the shelter on the
Settlement land in 2012. This covers 10 provinces. This project aims to
Encourage children are able to become self-reliant.
- Nation agenda is about to decrease number of the children from teen-age
mother.
- Standard of social welfare and services in babies’ home: organization
administration and management, personnel management, environment
management, services and activities for children, child development.
- Community-based welfare services: cash assistance to start income
generating activities, consumer goods for daily use, school uniforms,
counseling service, offering family scholarships etc.
- 15 years cost-free education- Compulsory education was extended from 9 years to 15 years- Children and youth council chaired by youths themselves, are also set up
at national, provincial and district levels.
- Free tablet computer for all children in the first year government primaryschool 1st grade.
- Financial loans for undergraduate students- Child protection fund
- Cash assistanceb. Challenges and constraints experienced- Decreasing number of abandoned children- Situations of unsuitable and improper taking care of children in the families- Standard of social welfare and services in the institutions- Providing community-based welfare services: local government- Deviation behaviors-181-

(2) Persons with Physical Disabilities, Intellectual Disabilities, Persons with Mental
Disordersa. List of services provided by governments, NGO, private sector, family groups
and other humanitarian agencies- Subsistence allowance assistance- Cash assistance- Institution-based welfare services- Support fund: the empowerment of PWD, Thai health promotion foundation- Asia Pacific center for PWD- Allowance for fees of sign language interpreter- Personal assistant instruments- Training: volunteers, caregivers, handicapped assistants- Providing environmentally friendly facilities for PWD- Standard of social welfare and services in home for PWD- Vocational rehabilitation- Quota of free vocational and tertiary education in both government andprivate institution- Buildings and premises as prescribed by building control law- No expenses for medical treatment- Tax measures for caregivers of PWD
b. Current situation of the promotion system/services for employment of PWD- Compulsory laws for government, local, private sectors and also with morethan one hundred employees shall hire a PWD who does not employ PWD must sendmoney to the fund for PWD- Employers who employ PWD shall be eligible for tax exemption- Provide accessible equipments facilities or services shall be eligible for tax
reduction or exemption
c. Current situation of community-based rehabilitation services- Community rehabilitation center for PWD- Community learning center for PWD- Family development in community center- Village public health volunteers- Non-formal and informal education center- PWD helpers- PWD helping volunteers- Home modification services
d. Challenges and constraints experienced- Protection of disability risk
- Strengthening of disabled persons organization- Integration of national disability work mechanism- Promotion of a barrier-free and equitable society for PWD- Shortage of expert e.g. occupational therapist, activity therapist-182-

(3) Elderly
a. List of services provide by government, NGO, private sector, family groups
and other humanitarian agencies- Social welfare development center for older persons: data and information
technology, training center, learning center, residential home, counseling center andpromotion of community-based welfare services- Pecuniary assistance to support temporary.
- Emergency housing, foods, clothing, medical treatments and care
- Supporting fund: older persons fund,- Consultancy and help in legal proceeding or family problem solutions- Subsistence allowance assistance- Rescue of any older persons who are tortured or abused or exploitedor abandoned- Provision of funeral assistance- Exemption from fees to visit a government building/premises- Support and assistance for fares and tickets in transportation : Rabit cardfor senior- Facilities and safety in buildings, places, vehicles and other public services- Immediate/rapid and convenient medical and health services- Appropriate occupations and suitable occupational training- Project on: improving the quality of life for older persons, strengthening
family relationship, community participation in welfare service/activities
for older persons, Promoting community, value in saving and spending on
welfare services for older persons, promotion the use of older persons,increasing older persons’ potential- Older persons’ brain bank
- Village health volunteers- Community volunteer caregivers for the elderly- Elderly residential home by local administration organizations- Standards of elderly care set up by local administration organizations- Group home/ home care for older persons- Training: volunteers, caretakers, networks, family members, community
members, older persons, personnel development- Day care center- Services by mobile units, telephone- Cash assistance- Promoting the use of older persons’ wisdom-183-

b. Challenges and constraints experienced- Older persons shall directly reflect their need along with their exact
problems and community by local administration organization shall support solutions
for such problems- The communities and local administration organizations turn to play themore significant roles because this sector can afford lots of resources and social
capital especially the budgetary support from the state which is increases every year
- Well prepare for aging society: working and income, health and welfare,learning and social involvement, living environment, promoting research- Home care for foreign older persons(4) Public assistance system for the poora. List of the laws governing the public assistance services- The Constitution of Kingdom of Thailand Act B.E. 2007
- The National Housing Act B.E.2007(2nd)- The Community Organization Act B.E.2008- The Land allocation for Living Act B.E.2007 (2nd)- The Eleventh National Economic and Development Plan (2012-2016)
Act B.E. 2008

b. List of services provided and the various types of providers of these services in
the public and private sector and in the community (including Conditional CashTransfer system)- Cash assistance- Volunteer activities/projects- Discount products/housing- Thirty baht scheme for all medical care
- Community fund/SME,SML- Increase minimum labor wage per day- Public Pawnshop officec. Challenges and constraints experienced- Sustainable poor problem solving-184-

(5) Database system for the poor (if any)a. Outline of the national database for the sake of identifying the poor eligible toreceive welfare benefit and b. Coverage and usage of the database
Thailand uses poverty line and head count ratio in measuring its poverty incidence.
Person that has average per capita income below poverty line was considered as income poor.
In 2012, poverty line is 1,678 baht/person/month
Year
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006

Poverty line
633
692
790
838
953
1,130
1,135
1,190
1,242
1,386
1,443
1,579
1,586
1,678
-

Proportion the poor(%)
42.21
33.69
28.43
18.98
14.75
17.46
20.98
14.93
11.16
9.55
8.49
8.95
8.12
7.80

The poor (MP)
22.1
18.4
15.8
10.7
8.5
10.2
12.6
13.5
7.0
6.1
5.4
5.8
5.3
5.1

Poorest means income less than 80% of poverty line
Poor means income 80-100% of poverty line
Nearly poor means income more than 20% of poverty line

National estimates of the percentage of the population falling below the poverty line
are based on surveys of sub-group, with the results weighted by the number of people ineach group.
(6) Womena. List of services provided by government, NGO, private sector, family groups
and other humanitarian agencies- Residential care for women: reception home/protection and occupational
development center- vocational training/group- Choice for married or divorced women, prefers for being addressed as Missor Mrs.
- Development Women Fund
- Housewife group-185-

b. Challenges and constraints experienced- To reduce teen-age mother in the society- To have greater opportunity in developing women’s potentials andparticipation in national social, economic, cultural activities, employment and politics- To equip both women and men with knowledge about human dignity andgender equality- To ensure life security and physical safety
4. Finance(1) Trends and Variations in the social welfare budget over the last 10 years.
a. Trends in the social welfare budget as % of total government budget over thelast 10 years
Year

Social welfare budget (millions $)Percentage

2003

14,004.1

42.0

2004

14,499.4

42.3

2005

16,622.7

41.4

2006

16,927.7

37.3

2007

21,895.5

42.0

2008

20,769.8

37.3

2009

17,857.1

29.2

2010

16,894.8

29.8

2011

20,793.5

30.1

2012

35,415.9

44.5

b. Trends in social welfare budget by level and agency over the past 10 years inlocal currency and in US Dollars. And c. Trends in terms of allocation of funds tovarious line items and services in the social welfare budget over the last 10 years.
AgencyBudget on
Social
Welfare:Community
and Social
Service
Education- Ministry of
Education- Ministry of
Public Health- Ministry ofSocialDevelopment
and Human
Security- Ministry ofInterior

HealthSocialsecurity(socialinsurance andsocialassistance)
Socialinsurance
Socialassistancehousing andcommunity- Ministry ofsocialdevelopment andHuman Security- Ministry ofInterior- Ministry ofculture andCulturerecreation
Total

2008

2009

2010

2011

Mbath

M$

Mbath

M$

Mbath

M$

Mbath

M$

364,634.2(21.9)
154,140.4(9.2)
115,068.4(6.9)

12,154.5

419,233.2(21.4)
169,633.2(8.7)
151,449.7(7.7)

13,974.4402891.5(21.4)
178,852.7(10.5)
135,488.4(7.9)

13,429.7

422,195.1(20.3)
209,848.0(10.0)
139,465.9(6.7)

14,073.2

94,734.7(5.7)
20,351.7(1.2)
46,386.0(2.7)

3,157.8

131,595.8(6.7)
19,853.9(1)78,034.1(3.9)

4,386.5

121,185.1(7.2)
14,303.3(0.8)
31,373.8(1.8)

4,039.5

129,044.5(6.2)
10,421.0(0.5)
45,611.5(2.17)

4,301.5

13,729.6(0.8)
809,045.0

457.7

14,101.4(0.7)
983,901.3

470.0

13,173.6(0.7)
897,268.4

439.1

14,821.9(0.7)
971,407.9

494.1

5,138.0
3,835.6

678.4
1,546.2

26,968.2

5,654.4
5,048.3

661.8
2601.132,796.5

5,961.8
4,516.3476.8
1,045.8

29,909.0(2) Financial sources for social welfare:a. Prepare a table showing sources of financial welfare services in terms ofbudget/line items and their amounts
1.
2.
3.

SourceGovernment
Social Welfare Promotion Funds
Thai Health Promotion
Foundation

2003-2006
2005-2012
2011

Year

-186-

Projects/ budget
195,680.5 M$
28.67 M$
8,007 projects

6,994.9
4,648.9347.4
1,520.4

29,380.4

b. Prepare a table showing the financial sources, if any, from foreign assistance forsocial welfare sector by items and amounts.
2011, Thailand face with the heavy flooding that caused a huge damage both ofproperties and population life ways. There were a donation from many sector from othercountry in 406,257,699 bath (13,541,923.30 $)5. List of donor supported or funded aid projects in the field of social welfare in theform of a table
Indicate the project title, implementing organization, donor country, duration,budget, and purpose/activities for each project.
Thailand joins United Nations Partnership Framework:UNPAF Action
Plan Results Matrices for the Joint Partnerships (2012-2016) in the Social protection scheme
endorsed on 6 June 2012. This is to focus and to response the strategies in order to build
social equity and provide social welfare to people in the country under The Eleventh National
Economics and Social Development Plan (2012-2016). In terms of social protection,
Government roots and conducts strategies based upon National Social Welfare Promotion
Commission. This is to promote Thai society as Welfare society and Welfare for all whereby
The Ministry of Social Development and Human security is responsible. United Nations inThailand raises the budget to support this action 1,630,000 US dollars which UN Agencies
such as UNDP, ILO, UNFPA, NICEF,WHO, and UN Women coordinated.

Lists of donors supporting or funded aid projects categorized by project titles as following;
Project title

Implementation organization

Donor country

1.Children,

1. Infants children Mekhong Foundation

Thailand

Youth,

2. Forever Love Foundation: FLF

US

Woman,

3. Wheelchair and Friendship Center of Asia
(Thailand) Foundation

Thailand4. Foundation ECPAT International

Netherlands

5. Hedwig and Robert Samuel Foundation

German6. German Help

German7. ATD Guart Monde-Terre et Homme de
DemainFranceMan,
Old person,
Person with Disability,
Drug Addict Person,
Venerable Group,
And the poor

-187-

Project title

Implementation organization

Donor country

8. Save the Children Federation, IncUS

9. Community In control

Italy

10. CARE

US

11. Save the Children

UK

12. Youth With A Mission Relief andDevelopment (YWAM)

US

13. Church World Service, Inc

US

14. National Siphin Organization

US

15. Diakonia

Sweden16. Terre Des Homme

German

17. PH-JAPANJapan

18. Plan international, Inc

US

19. Friend International

France20. The International Justice Mission; IJM

US

21. Jesuit Refugee Service Asia Pacific JRS- Italy
AP
22. La Chaine del’ Esporr C.D.E

France23. Luheran Church Misseuri Synod

US

24. Leonard Cheshire Disability

UK

25. International Child Support: ICS-Asia

Netherlands

26. WOCAN

US

27. SOS Children’s village International

Australia

28. Help Age InternationalUK

29. Handicap International, Inc HFHI

France30. Social Welfare Promotion Fund

Thai

-188-

Project title

Implementation organization

Donor country

31. Child Protection FundThai

32. Older Persons Fund

Thai

33. Misereor

German34. BROT FUR DE WELT

German35. NOVIB

Netherlands

36. ICCO

Netherlands

37. APHD

Australia/
Canada38. CEBEMONetherlands

39. TERRE DES HOMME

Switzerland

2.Education,Developme 1. NafficStichting
nt of human resources
2. Reigukei (Thailand) Foundation

NetherlandsJapan

3. AVSI Foundation

Italy

4. Hinns Seidel Foundation-Indochina

German5. American Center for International Labor
Solidity (ACILS)

US

6. International Institute of the IOGT-NTO
Movement

Sweden7. Summer Institute of Linguistic, Inc

US

8. Technology Promotion Association(Thailand-Japan)Japan

9. The Association for Oversea Technical
Scholarship: ACTS

Japan

10. World-Vision International Asia PacificRegional OfficeUS

11. Japan Student Services Organization

Japan

-189-

Project title

3. Public Health

Implementation organization
12. Voluntary Service Oversea-VSO

Donor countryUK

13. Education Development Center, Inc-16EDC

US

14. Action Aid International

South Africa

15. Internews Network

US

16. Oxfam

UK

17. The Japan International Cooperation
Agency (JICA)

Japan

1. The Foundation for AIDS Research

US

2. Prirole Agencies Collaborating Together

US

3. Famity Health International (FHI)US

4. World Concern

US

4. Tourist

1. Pacific Asia Travel Association-PATA

US

5. Law-Politic

1. The International Commission of Junits:
ICJ

Switzerland

2. Korea Copyright-Commission

US

3. National Democratic Institute forInternational AffairsJapan

4. Asia Forum of Paliamentariens on
Population and Development, AFPPD

Japan

6. Commercial

1. Hongkong Trade Development Council

Hongkong

7. Environment,

1. Greenpeace SEA Foundation

ThailandAgriculture,

2. Heinrich Boell Foundation

GermanCommunity
Development,

3. International Institute for Energy
Conservation: IIEC

Energy4. Frannhofer IFF Regional Office-ASEAN

German5. Institute for Global Strategies

Japan

-190-

US

Project title

Implementation organization

Donor country

6. Agency for Technical Co-operation andDevelopment: ACTEDFrance7. Copper Development-Centre South East
ASIA

Singapore

8. Wildlife Conservation Society-NCS
9. World Wide Fund for Nature
International; WWF

Switzerland

10.KEPA-Service Centre for Development
Co-operation

Finland

11. Korean Register of Shipping

Korea

12. World Society for Protection of Animal,(WSPA, ASIA)

UK

13. Academy for Education Development
(AED)

US

14. Inter Act

8. OtherUS

Sweden15. Habitat for humanity International Inc.
(HFHI)

US

16. Heifer International ThailandUS

1.Asian Resource Foundation (ARF)

Thailand2. Daughter of charity Vincent De Paul
foundation

Thailand3. Foundation for International Human
Resource Development: FIHRD

Thailand

4. Asian Diaster Preparedness Center
Foundation

Thailand5. Asian Coatition for Housing Rights(ACHR)

Thailand6. Sikkha Asia Foundation

Thailand7. OISCA (Thailand)

Thailand-191-

8. Association of Asia Confederation ofCredit Unions (ACCU)

Thailand6. Social welfare related policy within the National Development Plan
If your country has a National Development Plan, could you please describe
where in the Development is Social Welfare Policy and its various elements located andalso briefly describe the main elements of your country’s Social Welfare Policy that isincluded in the National Development Policy.
6.1 Constitution of The Kingdom of Thailand, B.E. 2550 (2007)
Child, Youth, Men,
Women, Older
Person, Person withdisability

Section 30. All persons are equal before the law and shall enjoy
equal protection under the law.
Section 40. A person shall have the rights in judicial process asfollows:(6) every child, youth, woman or aging or disabled person shall havethe right to appropriate protection in judicial process and shall havethe right to appropriate treatment in the case related to sexual
offences;
Section 52. Children and youth shall enjoy the right to survive andto receive physical, mental and intellectual development potentiallyin suitable environment with due regard to their participation.
Children, youth, women and family members shall have the right tobe protected by State against violence and unfair treatment and shallhave the right to medical treatment or rehabilitation upon theoccurrence thereof.
An interference and imposition of rights of children, youth andfamily members shall not be made except by virtue of the law
specially enacted for the maintenance of family institution or utmost
benefit of such person.
Children and youth with no guardian shall have the right to receive
appropriate care and education from the State.
Section 53. A person who is over sixty years of age and has
insufficient income for living shall have the right to welfare, public
facilities and appropriate aids from State.
Section 54. The disabled or handicapped shall have the right to get
access to, and to utilize of, welfare, public facilities and appropriate
aids from State.
A person of unsound mind shall have the right to appropriate aids
from State.
Section 80. The State shall act in compliance with the social, publichealth, education and culture policies as follows:(1) protecting and developing child and youth, promoting childhood-192-

nourishment and education, promoting the equality between womenand men, creating, reinforcing and developing family integrity andthe strength of communities, as well as providing aids and welfare to
the elderly, the indigent, the disabled or handicapped and thedestitute person for their better quality of life and ability to become
self-reliance;
Injured person,
Accused,Defendant andWitness
PersonSection 40. A person shall have the rights in judicial process asfollows:(5) an injured person, alleged offender, the accused and witness to acriminal case shall have the right to necessary and appropriate
protection and assistance from State. The gratuity, compensation and
expenses to be paid shall be provided by the law;
Section 44. A person shall enjoy the right to work safety and welfare
and to living security irrespective of whether he is employed or
unemployed in accordance with the provisions of the law.
Section 49. A person shall enjoy an equal right to receive education
for the duration of not less than twelve years which shall be provided
by State thoroughly, up to the quality, and without charge.
The indigent, disabled or handicapped, or destitute person shallenjoy an equal right under paragraph one and shall be supported by
State to receive equal education with other persons.
The education and training provided by professional or privateorganization, alternative education of the public, self-directed
learning and lifelong learning shall get appropriate protection andpromotion from State.
Section 51. A person shall enjoy an equal right to receive standard
public health service, and the indigent shall have the right to receive
free medical treatment from State’s infirmary.
The public health service by the State shall be provided thoroughly
and efficiently.
The State shall promptly prevent and eradicate harmful contagious
diseases for the public without charge.

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6.2 The Eleventh National Economic and Social Development Plan (2012-2016)
The Eleventh Plan is an indicative medium-term strategic plan aimed at achieving thevision of the years 2027 which was set out by all parties in Thai society, that is “Thai people
are proud of their national identity, in particular hospitality. They also follow the path of
Sufficiency Economy with democratic values and good governance. Quality public services
are provided throughout the country. Thai people live in a caring and sharing society in a safe
and sound environment. Production process is environmentally friendly, and food and energy
resources are secure. The economy is based on self-reliance and increasing linkages andcompetitiveness on the global market. Thailand actively contributes to the regional and worldcommunities with dignity”.
Vision “A happy society with equity, fairness and resilience”
Missions
1) To promote a fair and quality society so as to provide social protection and security,
to enjoy access to a fair judicial process and resources, and to participate in the development
process under good governance.
2) To develop people with integrity, knowledge and skills appropriate to their ages,
and to strengthen social institutions and local communities for positive adaptation to changes.
Objectives
1) To promote a fair and peaceful society.
2) To increase the potential of all Thais based on a holistic approachwith physical, mental, intelligence, emotional, ethical and moral development throughsocial institutions.
Main targets
1) Thai society becomes a better place characterized by harmony and well-being of its
people, inequality is decreased, the number of people under the poverty line is reduced, andthe Corruption Perception Index is not lower than score of 5.0.
2) All citizens acquire lifelong learning; and better health, and social institutions arestrengthened.
Key indicators
1) Overall national development: Main indicators are Green and Happiness Index, thePeace Index, the poverty line, ratio of workers in informal sector have access to social
protection, and the Corruption Perception Index.
2) Social Aspects: Many indicators are applied, such as average years of schooling,
the Warm Family Index.

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6.3 Social Welfare Promotion Act B.E 2010
The reason for the promulgation of this Act is that whereas section 80 of theConstitution of the Kingdom of Thailand prescribed that the State shall protect and develop
children and the youth, promote the equality between women and men, and create andreinforce and develop family integrity and the strength of communities and that the State
shall provide aids to the elderly, the indigent, the person with disability or handicapped andthe underprivileged for their good quality of life and ability to depend on themselves; it isappropriate to have a law on promotion of social welfare provision as a primary law for theprovision of social welfare in both State and private sectors as well as the promotion andsupport of participation by persons, families, communities and local governmentorganizations and other organizations in the provision of social welfare. The purpose of theforegoing is to extensively, appropriately and fairly enhance social security. As the Minister
for Social Development and Human Security shall have charge and control of the executionof this Act. There shall be a commission called the “National Social Welfare Promotion
Commission (NSWPC) consisting of the Prime Minister as Chairman. The office of the
National Social Welfare Promotion Commission, abbreviated as “Office of the NSWPC”, inthe Office of the Permanent-Secretary for Social Development and Human Security
From 6.1-6.3 These are to bring about
1) To driven and exist Welfare Society in the country2) To develop and strengthen social welfare3) To empowerment the society4) To enhance their abilities to manage. social development and social welfare.

7. Training and Qualification of support personnel for social welfare
Please describe the system that you have for training social welfare staff andsupport personnel in terms the classification of social welfare workers and support staff,
the training system, the system for qualifying social welfare workers, the eligibility
criteria for their selection and the system for supporting social welfare services
personnel (trainers, social workers, physical therapists, occupational therapists; etc.)
1. Training in different fields apart from the regular jobs e.g. social workers,
volunteers, care givers, nurses, physical therapists, occupational therapists, case management,teacher etc.
2. Circulating the assigned jobs over social welfare
3. Processing comply with laws
4. Training among the middle and high level administrator on the social
development and social welfare topics-195-

8. NGOs’ activities(1) List of the type and nature of NGOs' activities:
a. The nature of the Social Welfare functions carried out by NGOs inyour country and b. How are the NGOs working in the social welfare arena governed
and regulated by the government and what are the basic guidelines and procedures thedefine this regulatory/supportive relationship?
NGOs workings have to promise with government under control by The
Ministry of Labor and The Ministry of Foreign Affair. If NGOs working activities relate togovernment jobs, they should contact the government organization before doing
something .For example their activities: Education, Health, Social service, Sports, Religion,
Human development, Technology, Computer, etc
c. Proportion (%) of the NGOs’ activities’ coverage to total social welfare
services, by service category in the form of a table whatever the data available.
YEAR
2003

2012

Number of NGOs

NGOs Activity

6,897

Social Welfare

more than 20,000

Social Welfare and others

Non-Profit Organization 1,036

Children69

Children and youth

999

Youth

1,179

Older person

558

Person with disability

677

Women

382

Vulnerable group

118

Sexual abuse

437

Poor

130

Convict

196

Unemployee

281

Victim of disaster

117

Homeless people

84

Minority group

238

Severe infection person (AIDS, etc)

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(2) Financial sources for NGOs’ activities (other than self-generated):
Financial source:-

Government budget
Social Welfare FundFoundation
Donation
Income from Activities/ Project Charity

In what way does the government subsidize NGOs to provide social welfare
services if any?
-

Grant assistanceOffering projects
Employee

And what are the specific areas of social welfare services if any, that the
government had not supported NGOs’ activities
Government has supported NGOs’ activities in ever areas except offering
projects don’t pass committee considering or impact to country, populations, environmentand religion.

9. Strategy for social welfare(This item will be used in the exercises for social welfare administration in the
study program)
1.Strategy Plana. if any, national strategic plan1) The Eleventh National Economic and Social Development Plan (2012-2016)
Thailand will promote a peaceful society, with quality growth and sustainability. In
dealing with a fast-changing, complicated and unpredictable environment, a set ofdevelopment strategies are designed for better risk management and improved resilience inutilizing the country’s economic and social capital. Together with this, the quality of humanresources will be developed through better access to resources and through a fair distributionof development benefits. To create and utilize economic opportunities, knowledge,
technology and creative ideas will be crucial factors for environmentally friendly production
and consumption, leading to sustainable development. Key development strategies are as
follows:--197-

1.1 Creation of the just society. Development guidelines include:a. Enhance socio-economic security for all citizens to be capable of managing
risks and creating opportunities in life.
b. Provide social services for all in accordance with basic rights, emphasize
self-resilience of individuals, and encourage participatory decision-making in the country’s
development process.
c. Empower all sectors to be capable of having choices in living andparticipating in social, economic and politic activities with dignity.
d. Enhance social interaction among people in society for having shared values
and public benefits, and reinforce effective, transparent, and accountable public
administration.
1.2 Development of the lifelong learning society. Development guidelines include:a. Adjust the population structure with appropriate population distribution.
b. Develop human resources aimed at increasing resilience for change.
c. Promote the reduction of risk factors in health.
d. Promote lifelong learning.
e. Reinforce roles of social institutions.
1.3 Create regional connectivity for social and economic stability. Development
guidelines include.
a. Prepare for ASEAN Economic Community.
b. Create regional economic partnership on human capital development, labor
migration and support provision for Thai labor in foreign countries.
c. Contribute to the international community’s efforts in improving the qualityof life and in the fight against terrorism, international crimes, drug trafficking, natural
disasters and epidemics.
d. Promote constructive international cooperation to support economic growthin ethical and sustainable manner, including cooperation with nonprofit internationalorganizations.
e. Support foreign investors’ use of Thailand as a business base for the Asian region,and support of non-profit international organizations for regional development.
2) National Social Welfare Promotion Commission (NSWPC)
2.1 Welfare for All in 2016-2017
2.2 Welfare management by government and predication in
Social Welfare
2.3 Social Welfare System 4 channels such as Social Services, Social
Insurance, Social Assistances, Social Promotion
2.4 Action Plan and budget
3) The Ministry of Social Development and Human Security
Strategies include 1) improving social welfare and stability in life, 2) ensuring
Social protection and solving social problems, 3) empowering local communities andstrengthening their participation, and 4) practicing good governance in administration.

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b. Plan of action/Master plan/Operational plan
Plan will be designed in accordance with national, regional and local agendas. In thisconnection, the approach of Area, Function and Participation (AFP) has been upheld since its
inception in the Eighth Plan. Apart from ministries and departments at the central level,agencies at provincial level are also key actors. At the regional level, the province is playing
critical role, synchronizing national agenda with area–based development and local agendas.
In this regard, the provincial plan is expected to tackle problems and capitalize on potential at
the area and local levels. In action, knowledge, technology, innovation and creativity are
major tools in driving development plans at all levels and in all segments of the society.
Together with this, all development partners will collaborate through the cluster approach,
responsive to problem solving and area development. Implementation guidelines are as
follows.
1. Promoting awareness among development partners of their roles in collaboration in
the development process.
2. Collaborating on the Eleventh Plan with government policies, national
administration plan and other plans.
3. Providing enabling environment to enhance stakeholders’ capacity.
4. Enhancing efficiency of development mechanisms to improve effective plan
implementation at local, regional and national levels for better management.
5. Strengthening the stakeholders’ capacity to efficiently contribute to thedevelopment agenda at every level.
6. Developing efficient, transparent and participatory systems of monitoringand evaluation at all levels.
As follows 10 important projects are
1. The women empowerment to develop family, community, social and politic
project
2. The family clinic project
3. The welfare system and social protection development project.
4. The effective child and youth growing project.
5. The quality ageing society project.
6. The anti- trafficking in person project.
7. The environment and housing project.
8. The land and housing for poor people project.
9. The facilities for person with disability and for all project.
10. The person with disability employee.

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c. Actual and past projects based on the plan of action, and their results andsubjects to be solved
From the First to the Tenth of Thailand’s national development plans, thedevelopment paradigm of national development plans has evolved in the context of global
and domestic changes. A significant shift in the country’s development planning has takenplace since the Eighth Plan (1997-2001) from a growth-oriented approach to the new modelof holistic “people-centered development”. In order to ensure a more balanced development,
priority was given to broad-based participation, and to actively engaging civil society, theprivate sector and academia, in the formulation the national development plan. Furthermore,
economic mismanagement, which led to the 1997 Asian crisis, prompted the adoption of thePhilosophy of Sufficiency Economy as a main guiding principle in the Ninth Plan (20022006), with its practical applications becoming evident during the Tenth Plan (2006-2011). In
order to achieve sustainable development with a people-centered approach, it is necessary toenhance the country’s self-resilience by strengthening Thailand’s economic and social capitaland improving risk management in order to effectively handle internal and external
uncertainties. This will lead the country toward sustainable development and a “HappinessSociety”. During the Tenth Plan, the Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy was applied
extensively in Thailand’s development, resulting in greater resilience in various aspects ofThai society, enabling Thailand to cope effectively with the impacts of the 2008 global
economic crisis. This achievement was well reflected in the Green and Happiness Index(GHI) of 65-67 percent, with contribution from strong economic performance, highemployment, strong communities and family ties. However, major obstacles remain, such aspolitical unrest, environmental and ecological degradation, low quality of education, andsevere drug problems. The evaluation of the Tenth Plan also indicated improved economic
foundations for development and increasing quality of growth. Quality of life has improved
with better access to various economic and social security measures and gains in poverty
reduction. It is, however, essential to emphasize the development of human capital andhuman security, promotion of good governance and fair competition, and distribution ofdevelopment benefits in order to reduce social inequality. During the Eleventh Plan (20122016), Thailand will encounter more complicated domestic and external changes andfluctuations which present both opportunities and threats to national development. Thus, it isnecessary to utilize the existing resilience of Thai society and economy, and to prepare bothindividuals and society as a whole to manage the impacts of such changes and pave the way
toward well-balanced development under the Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy.
2. Future Plan of Action
a. Prioritizing future plan of action based on the above subjects, by category
such as welfare services for children, welfare services for the elderly, welfare services
for the persons with disability, ect.
2.1 Social welfare development and driving: it is a “welfare for all” which is aminimal welfare for making human being. The government should absorb and takeresponsibility both of budgets and set up a regulation. It will make up the protection for poor
people and vulnerable group under the limitation of sources and gap of the welfare service. It
has to be integration and covering multifactor including involving of volunteers, NGOs,
community, private sectors that should to work together focusing on the fund allocation.
There are 7 activities within year 2013-2016 as the detail followings;-200-

1. Welfare for all campaign movement
2. Develop the information system focus on “Social map”
3. Life fulfillment welfare
4. Community welfare
5. The model of involuntary Thai volunteer
6. Involuntary Thai volunteer
7. Social welfare promotion Fund
2.2 Reorganization of Ministry of Social Development and Human Security by
combination the practice and academic aspect and separation the target group.
The year 2017 is the final year covered by the Eleventh National Economic and Social
Development Plan and the Second Social Welfare Plan as well. A welfare society agenda will
be integrated into these two plans.
A welfare society in this context means that each individual in the country will benefit
from social welfare services, pertaining to the remedy, development and promotion of social
stability by fulfilling basic needs, so as to ensure good quality of life and self-dependency. It
is a system which is extensive, appropriate, fair and in accordance with standards pertaining
to education, health, housing, occupation, income, leisure, judicial processes and generalsocial services. These will lead to meeting the need for human dignity as well as entitlement
to rights and participation in the provision of social welfare, at every level.
By the year 2017, four welfare systems will be developed and put in place for all
people in Thailand. The plan includes four pillars as shown in the graph hereunder.

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4 Pillars of Welfare System
4’th pillar
SocialPromotion

Promote , giving and philanthropy , donation, the role of volunteers, civil society, corporate social
responsibility , social enterprise, family, religious, local organization. Develop tax system and fundallocation to social welfare system.

3’rd pillar
SocialServices

There is a constitution and law to support basic welfare rights for people. Monitor the law for welfare
rights for people to be a practical one. And publicize the welfare rights and accessibility to public.
15years Free forcompulsory education
Health Security Fund
Reduce the cost of living measures
Free milk for primaryStudents /Old aged
monthly allowance/cremation allowancefor old aged/Disabledmonthly allowance

2’nd pillar
SocialInsurance

Private Insurance
Third party Insurance
Community Welfare Fund
Public officer persons

Provident Fund

Farmer Welfare
Fund

National Saving Fund

1’st pillar
SocialAssistance

Minimum wage
guarantee

Farmer Income guarantee

Social Insurance
Fund/ Workmen’sCompensation Fund

Expand Social Insurance Fund coverage to self
employed/extend benefit rights to spouse andchildren of the insurers

There is social assistance provided for the needy as an individual or as a group. However the relief canbe met only in some area of needs and urgency.
Develop the social assistance system by targeting the needy, help them to help themselves to meet thestandard of living and use social worker professionals and case management for professional the system.

The first pillar is the provision of social assistance for the needy, either as individuals
or as a group. However, relief will be meted out only in some areas of needs and urgency.
The second pillar is the provision of social insurance. This includes private insurance, thirdparty insurance, community welfare fund, pensions, provident fund, minimum wage, andothers. The third pillar is to make social services available for all, in accordance withpeople’s basic welfare rights. The fourth pillar is the promotion of giving and philanthropy.
This includes donations, the role of volunteers, civil society, corporate social responsibility,
social enterprise, family, religious and local organizations, tax system for social welfare, andfund allocation to support the social welfare system.

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10. Please describe detail if there are any difficulties/ challenges that your country has
been facing in the field of social welfare:
1. Tax reform
2. Sustainable administration
2.1 Accessibility system building to the target group
2.2 Decrease the assess social welfare using
2.3 Protective administration of duplication social welfare
2.4 Decrease unsustainable populationism
2.5 Unity social data and information.
3. Participatory social welfare system building
3.1 Promote cooperate social responsibility
3.2 Promote NGOs, Non-profit organization and Foreign Volunteer
working.
4. Social worker working under professional law
Question for social welfare system build up
1. What is providing social welfare?
2. Who are under social welfare by type and right and what is the condition?
3. How much of the social welfare level? Is that equal? if not, why?
4. Who is the service provider in terms of budget and service management?

******************************-203-

出典：平成 24 年度 JICA 集団研修カントリーレポート

平成 24 年度 JICA 集団研修「社会福祉行政」

Japan International Corporation of Welfare Services (JICWELS) was established with the sanction of
the Minister for Health, Labour and Welfare in July 1983 and implements international technicalcooperation programmes with purpose of contributiing to the promotion of health and social welfare
activities in the friendly nations.
Japan International Corporation of Welfare Services (JICWELS)
Toranomon YHK Bldg. 4F, 2-3-20, Toranomon
Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001 JAPAN
Phone: +81-(0)3-6206-1137
Fax: +81-(0)3-6206-1164
http://www.jicwels.or.jp

公益社団法人国際厚生事業団（JICWELS）は、国際的な保健・福祉分野の国際協力に貢献することを目的として、1983 年（昭和 58 年）7 月 7 日に厚生省（現厚生労働省）から社団法人の認可を受け設立されました。開発途上国の行政官研修や WHO フェローの受入れ、調査
企画や研究開発並びに情報の交換及び広報活動など、海外諸国との国際交流活動を推進しています。

広報活動委員会〒105-0001
東京都港区虎ノ門 2-3-20 虎ノ門ＹＨＫビル 4 階
電話 03-6206-1137（事業部） Fax03-6206-1164
http://www.jicwels.or.jp