ഭ௛᡽╷⎇ⓥႎ๔ᦠ No.44ᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆᦨૐ⾓㊄ߩ⚻ᷣಽᨆ

⁛┙ⴕ᡽ᴺੱ

ഭ௛᡽╷⎇ⓥ࡮⎇ୃᯏ᭴The Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training߹ ߃ ߇ ߈ᧄႎ๔ᦠߪ‫ޔ‬ෘ↢ഭ௛⋭ഭ௛ၮḰዪ⾓㊄ᤨ㑆⺖ࠃࠅⷐ⺧ࠍฃߌߚ‫↥ޟ‬ᬺ೎ᦨૐ⾓㊄೙ᐲߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ‫⚿ߩޠ‬ᨐࠍขࠅ߹ߣ߼ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ෘ↢ഭ௛⋭߆ࠄߩ⎇ⓥⷐ⺧ߩਥߥౝኈߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢ߈ߊಽߌߡᰴߩ 2 ὐߢ޽ࠆ‫⾗⸘⛔ߪߟ৻ޕ‬ᢱࠍ↪޿ߚᦨૐ⾓㊄ߦ㑐ߔࠆታᘒಽᨆߢ޽
ࠅ‫⺞࠻࡯ࠤࡦࠕߪߟ৻߁߽ޔ‬ᩏࠍ↪޿ߚᦨૐ⾓㊄೙ᐲߦ㑐ߔࠆ㓹޿ਥߩ⹺⼂⁁ᴫߩᛠីߢ޽
ࠆ‫ޕ‬⛔⸘⾗ᢱࠍ↪޿ߚᦨૐ⾓㊄ߦ㑐ߔࠆታᘒಽᨆߣߒߡߪ‫(ޔ‬1)࿾ၞ೎ᦨૐ⾓㊄㗵ㄭㄝߦ߅ߌࠆ
⾓㊄ߩᒛࠅઃ߈⁁ᴫߩ⏕⹺‫(ޔ‬2)↥ᬺ೎ᦨૐ⾓㊄㗵ㄭㄝߦ߅ߌࠆ⾓㊄ߩᒛࠅઃ߈⁁ᴫߩ⏕⹺‫ޔ‬
ߣ޿߁ 2 ὐߦߟ޿ߡಽᨆࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᦨૐ⾓㊄ߦ㑐ߔࠆߎࠇ߹ߢߩ⼏⺰ߢߪ‫ޔ‬࿾ၞ೎ᦨૐ⾓㊄ߪࡄ࡯࠻࠲ࠗࡓഭ௛⠪ߩ⾓㊄ࠍਅᡰ߃ߒߡ޿ࠆߣߔࠆ⼏⺰ߣࡄ࡯࠻࠲ࠗࡓഭ௛⠪ߦኻߔࠆ⾓㊄ߩਅᡰ߃ലᨐߪ৻ㇱߩ࿾ၞߦ㒢ቯߐࠇࠆߣߔࠆ⼏⺰߇޽ࠆ߇‫ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬ಽᨆߢߪ‫ߩ࠲࡯࠺↪૶ޔ‬೙⚂߽޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᔅߕߒ߽లಽߥᬌ⸛߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆߣߪ޿߃ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ᧄޕ‬ႎ๔ᦠߢߪ‫ߩ࠭ࠗࠨ࡮࡞ࡊࡦࠨޔ‬ᄢ߈ߥ‫⾓ޡ‬㊄᭴ㅧၮᧄ⛔⸘⺞ᩏ‫ߩޢ‬୘␿ࠍ↪޿ࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬࿾ၞ೎ᦨૐ⾓㊄㗵ㄭㄝߦ߅ߌࠆ⾓㊄ߩᒛࠅઃ߈⁁ᴫࠍ⏕⹺ߒ‫ޔ‬࿾ၞ೎ᦨૐ⾓㊄߇ࡄ࡯࠻࠲ࠗࡓഭ௛⠪ߩ⾓㊄ࠍਅᡰ߃ߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ߤ߁߆ࠍᬌ⸛ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫↥ޔ‬ᬺ೎ᦨૐ⾓㊄ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡᬌ⸛ߒߚ⎇ⓥታ❣ߪ⊝ήߦㄭߊ‫↥ޔ‬ᬺ೎ᦨૐ⾓㊄㗵ㄭㄝߦ߅ߌࠆ⾓㊄ߩᒛࠅઃ߈⁁ᴫ߇⏕⹺ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚߚ߼‫ߩߘޔ‬ᒛࠅઃ߈⁁ᴫࠍ⏕⹺ߒߡ᰼ߒ޿ߣ޿߁ߩ߇‫ޔ‬ෘ↢ഭ௛⋭ߩⷐ⺧ౝኈߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻⺞ᩏߢߪ‫ޔ‬㓹޿ਥߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬࿾ၞ೎ᦨૐ⾓㊄೙ᐲ࡮↥ᬺ೎ᦨૐ⾓㊄೙ᐲߦ㑐ߔࠆ⹺⼂⁁ᴫ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩ⾓㊄᳿ቯߦ㓙ߒߡߩᦨૐ⾓㊄ߩᓇ㗀ࠍਛᔃߣߒߡ⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄߢߪ‫ᦨߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬ૐ⾓㊄ߦߟ޿ߡ⼏⺰ࠍߔࠆ႐ว‫ޔ‬ෳ⠨ߣߥࠆ⾗ᢱ߇޽߹ࠅߦ߽ዋߥ߆ߞߚ‫ᧄޕ‬ႎ๔ᦠࠍขࠅ߹ߣ߼ߚ╙৻ߩᗧ⟵ߪ‫⾗ߚߒ߁ߘߦߐ߹ޔ‬ᢱࠍᐢߊឭଏߔࠆߎߣߦ
޽ࠆߣ޿߃ࠆ‫⎇ᧄޕ‬ⓥ߇‫ᦨޔ‬ૐ⾓㊄ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏⺰ࠍ༐⿠ߒ‫ᦨޔ‬ૐ⾓㊄ߦ㑐ߔࠆ໧㗴ߦ㑐ᔃࠍነߖࠄࠇࠆᣇ‫ߩޘ‬ෳ⠨ߣߥࠇ߫ᐘ޿ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
2005 ᐕ 10 ᦬     ⁛┙ⴕ᡽ᴺੱഭ௛᡽╷⎇ⓥ࡮⎇ୃᯏ᭴   ℂ੐㐳  ዊ  ㊁   ᣩၫ╩ᜂᒰ⠪㧔ၫ╩㗅㧕 ᳁ ฬ        ᚲ   ዻ        ၫ ╩ ┨߶ࠅߪࠆၳᤐ ᒾ  㧔ഭ௛᡽╷⎇ⓥ࡮⎇ୃᯏ᭴ ೽ਥછ⎇ⓥຬ㧕߭ߎ╙ 1 ┨‫ ╙ޔ‬2 ┨ 3     ╙ 3 ┨‫ ╙ޔ‬4 ┨     

╙6┨ߐ߆

ߋߜ

ߥ߅

߰ߺ

ဈ ญ ዏ ᢥ  㧔⽷࿅ᴺੱኅ⸘⚻ᷣ⎇ⓥᚲ ⎇ⓥຬ㧕╙ 2 ┨ 1㧘2

     ╙5┨ߥ߅‫ᧄޔ‬ႎ๔ᦠߩ╙ 2 ┨ 1㧘2 ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄഭ௛⎇ⓥᯏ᭴‫⻉ޡ‬ᄖ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆᦨૐ⾓㊄೙ᐲ‫ޢ‬㧔2003㧕ߩ╙ 7 ┨‫ᦨޟ‬ૐ⾓㊄ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⚻ᷣℂ⺰ߣታ⸽ಽᨆ‫ࠍޠ‬ട╩࡮ୃᱜߩ਄ౣ㍳ߒߚ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫ᧄޔ‬ᢥਛߩ࿑⴫૞ᚑ╬ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᒰᯏ᭴⥃ᤨ⎇ⓥදജຬߢ޽ࠆฎୀ⺈ม᳁ߩᚻࠍᾘࠊߖߚ‫ޔߦߎߎޕ‬ᗵ⻢ߩᔨࠍ⸥ߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬⋡  ᰴ߹߃߇߈╙㧝┨ ✚⺰ .....................................................................................................................

1㧝 ⎇ⓥߩ⋡⊛ .............................................................................................................

1㧞 ᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆᦨૐ⾓㊄೙ᐲߩ᭎ⷐ ..........................................................................

2㧟 ߥߗᦨૐ⾓㊄೙ᐲࠍ⸳ߌࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߩ߆ ............................................................

5㧠 ႎ๔ᦠߩ᭎ⷐ ..........................................................................................................

10╙㧞┨ ᦨૐ⾓㊄ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⚻ᷣℂ⺰ߣታ⸽ಽᨆ ...............................................................

15㧝 ᦨૐ⾓㊄ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⚻ᷣℂ⺰ .....................................................................................

15㧞 ☨࿖ߩታ⸽⎇ⓥ ......................................................................................................

23㧟 ᣣᧄߩታ⸽⎇ⓥ ......................................................................................................

39╙㧟┨ ࿾ၞ೎ᦨૐ⾓㊄ߦ㑐ߔࠆಽᨆ .............................................................................

45㧝 ࿾ၞ೎ᦨૐ⾓㊄㗵ߩㄭㄝߦ߅ߌࠆ⾓㊄ߩᒛࠅઃ߈⁁ᴫ ..........................................

45㧞 ࿾ၞ೎ᦨૐ⾓㊄ᧂḩ㓹↪⠪ߦ㑐ߔࠆಽᨆ ............................................................... 103╙㧠┨ ↥ᬺ೎ᦨૐ⾓㊄ߩಽᨆ ........................................................................................ 118㧝 ↥ᬺ೎ᦨૐ⾓㊄ߩᒛࠅઃ߈⁁ᴫ ............................................................................. 118
㧞 ↥ᬺ೎ᦨૐ⾓㊄೙ᐲ߇㓹↪⠪ߩᐔဋ⾓㊄ߦ෸߷ߔᓇ㗀 .......................................... 179╙㧡┨ Ꮢ႐೙⚂ߣߒߡߩᦨૐ⾓㊄ ................................................................................. 189㧝 ߪߓ߼ߦ ................................................................................................................. 189
㧞 ၮᧄࡕ࠺࡞ ............................................................................................................. 190㧟 ࠺࡯࠲߅ࠃ߮ᜰᮡߩี๧ ........................................................................................ 195
㧠 ផ⸘⚿ᨐ ................................................................................................................. 205
㧡 ߅ࠊࠅߦ ................................................................................................................. 209╙㧢┨ ᦨૐ⾓㊄ߦ㑐ߔࠆࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻⺞ᩏߩ⚿ᨐ ............................................................ 211
㧝 ࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻ߩ⺞ᩏᣇᴺ࡮࿁෼₸ ............................................................................. 211
㧞 ⺞ᩏኻ⽎੐ᬺᚲߩዻᕈ ............................................................................................ 211㧟 ࿾ၞ೎ᦨૐ⾓㊄ߦ㑐ߔࠆಽᨆ ................................................................................. 216㧠 ↥ᬺ೎ᦨૐ⾓㊄ߦ㑐ߔࠆಽᨆ ................................................................................. 247⵬⺰ ࿾ၞ೎ᦨૐ⾓㊄㗵࡮↥ᬺ೎ᦨૐ⾓㊄೙ᐲߩ⹺⼂ߦଥࠆ⧯ᐓߩ⸘㊂ಽᨆ ................. 266