2nd Workshop on On-site Domestic
Waste water Treatment in Asia

Japanese Standards for On-site
Domestic Wastewater Treatment
Dr Yoshitaka EBIE
National Institute for Environmental Studies, JAPAN(E-mail: ebie.yoshitaka@nies.go.jp)

Wastewater treatment in Japan
Centralized
systemDecentralized
systemWWTP

Johkasou

87,800 thousandpeople(68.9%)

14,100 thousandpeople(11.1%)

Johkasou

Johkasou has been developed in Japan as adecentralized wastewater treatment facility.
Low-population
density area orvalley

Johkasou
Not only black water
but also gray water

ToiletWashingmachineBathKitchenCar park

National structure standardscompatible Johkasou
5 - 50 PE>5,000 PE

Development of advanced Johkasou
Japan's Building Standards ActJohkasou

National structure
standard-compatible

Performance certificatedAuthorized by Minister ofland, infrastructure andtransport of Japan

New technology
Compactness, Hybrid
Advanced treatment

Authorization of a new productDevelop a new product1. Take a performance test
2. Get a certification
issued by Minister*
3. Type conformity
certification (optional)

4. Type approval (requiredfor factories manufacturingthe product)

Supply the new product*MILT: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

Johkasou law

the BuildingStandards Act

Authorization of a new product1. Take a performance test
2. Get a certification issued by theMinister*
3. Type conformity certification (optional)

4. Type approval (required for factories
manufacturing the product)
5. Registration for national subsidy
application*MILT: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

Performance testing method

Temperature controlled
examination lab.

1. Short-term test with temperature control
 16 weeks (or 8 weeks in parallel) 13 and 20ºC
Summer and with influent control
winter
2. Outside long-term test 48 weeks
 with influent control
3. On-site household test 48 weeks
 without influent control
 at least 3 sites

The performance test is done by the third party

Schedule of the performance test
1. Short-term test with temperature control
Low temp.

13 ºC

Duration week

Wastewater volume

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8KQ
Q
0.5Q
Normal

20 ºC

Duration week

Wastewater volume

High load

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8KQ
Q
0.5Q

2. Outside long-term test
No temp. control
Duration week

Wastewatervolume

KQ
Q
0.5Q

NormalHigh load

NormalHigh load

Low temp.

Normal

0 2 4 6 8 9 10 11 12 14 16 18 20 21 22 23 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48

Influent control- Concentration and water volume -Water consumption

BOD loads per capita per day

200 L/person/day

40 gBOD/person/day

BOD: 200 mg/L, TN: 45 mg/L, TP: 5 mg/L

Influent control- Inflow pattern -Toilet

Washingmachine

BathKitchen

Influent volume (L)300

Total 200
L/PE/day

250
200
150
100
50
03579amWhen you use water,
influent comes to Johkasou.

111 3Time579111pm

JohkasouMax ratio: 4.2

TimeRatio (%)

31-50 PE

Ratio (%)

11-30 PE

Max ratio: 5.4

Ratio (%)

Ratio (%)

Max ratio: 6.0

Ratio (%)

5-10 PE

Ratio (%)

Different inflow pattern fordifferent size of the test body51-100 PE
Max ratio: 3.6

101-500 PE

Max ratio: 3.0>501 PE

Max ratio: 2.5TimeEstimation of population for wastewater
treatment (JIS A 3302-2000)

Other standards/legislationin Japan• Standard for Johkasou accessories(Johkasou System Association: JSA)
• Standard of PVC pipes and couplers(JIS K 6741, K 6739, and so on.)• Maintenance of Johkasou (JohkasouLaw)• Initial and annual inspection ofJohkasou (Johkasou Law)
• Qualification systems (license)for
Johkasou operator, inspector, anddesludging technician.

1. Scope
2. Normative references
3. Terms and Definitions
4. Symbols and Abbreviations
5. Requirements
5.1 Design
5.2 Load bearing capacity
5.3 Treatment performance
5.4 Watertightness
5.5 Durability
5.6 Components
6. Calculation and Test Method
6.1 Water-tightness
6.2 Treatment performance
6.3 Structural strength
6.4 Chemical resistance test
7. Technical Information
8. Evaluation of conformity
8.1 General
8.2 Initial type tests
8.3 Factory production control
9. Construction instructions
10. Maintenance instructions

Technical Specificationfor Johkasou (Draft)Technical Specification for Johkasou(Draft)
Annex
Annex A

Testing Method for Johkasou Treatment Performance

Annex B

Standard for access coverAnnex CStandard for blower

Annex D

Standard for filter media

Annex E

Strength Test Method

Annex F

Production and production equipment overview

Annex G

Instructions to construction and maintenanceAnnex H

Procedures of installation

Annex I

Examples of contents and procedures of maintenanceAnnex J

Examples of contents and procedures of desludging

ISO TC224/WG8
Guidelines for the management of basic onsite
domestic wastewater services –draft1
Scope
2
Normative references
3
Terms and definitions
4Components of basic on‐site domestic wastewater systems
4.1
General
4.2
Types of basic on‐site domestic wastewater systems
4.3
Basic on‐site domestic wastewater systems
4.3.1
User interface
Requires not only wastewater
4.3.2
Collection
treatment but also sludge
4.3.3
Transportation
disposal/reuse.
4.3.4
Treatment
4.3.5
Disposal/reuse4.4
Selection of appropriate technological solution
4.4.1
Segments of basic on‐site domestic wastewater technologies
4.4.2
Criteria for selecting appropriate basic on‐site domestic wastewatertechnologies
5
Objectives of the basic on‐site domestic wastewater services
6
Management of basic on‐site domestic wastewater systems
7
Guideline for the management of basic on‐site domestic wastewater systems
ANNEX

Insufficient legislation and standards?
Let’s share and standardize in Asia
• Appropriate product evaluation leads new andgood technology development.

• Product authorization leads appropriatetechnology selection.

• Installation and maintenance by government
might be a good way.

• Co-benefit opens new financial scheme opportunities.
• Certification of technicians leads appropriate
maintenance.

• Register helps good management by government.

Thank you for your kind attention

From Tsukuba, Japan

Tsukuba
Tsukuba

TokyoTokyo

Location of our research laboratory

Lake Kasumigaura

Tsukubacity

Bio-Eco Engineering Research Laboratory(30 km far from main office)Research Station for Preservation andEnhancement of the Water EnvironmentMiho village
Domesticwastewater

Wastewater
treatment
plant51

TreatedwaterWater
inflow
Approx. 2km

Approx. 2km

967

184 wastewater
23
Domestic(up to 100 m3/day) canbe used for ourresearch activities.

Bio-Eco Engineering
Research Laboratory inNational Institute forEnvironmental Studies

Research Laboratory for domestic wastewater
treatment technologies

Diagram of the laboratory
B2

B1

B3

A2

• We have 16 temperaturecontrolled labs.

A3

B4• Volume and concentration ofdomestic wastewater arecontrolled.

A4– regional characteristics

A1
Refrigerator

C1
D2

C2

D3C3

D4

D1C4

• Air- and water-temperatureare controlled from 10 to30ºC.

– seasonal changes– boreal,temperature,
subtropicalTemperature-controlled lab for developing andevaluating Decentralized Wastewater Treatment
Processes• We develop and evaluate wastewater treatment
technologies with different BOD load and temperature.
• Performance test is done with fluctuation ofwastewater inflow and temperature change.