ISSN 0939-7248

European Journal of Pediatric Surgery
Oﬃcial Journal of the EUPSA (European Pediatric Surgeons' Association) and of ERNICA (European Reference Network for rare Inherited and Congenital (digestive and gastrointestinal) Anomalies) and of thefollowing Associations of Pediatric Surgery
Austria•Belgium•Bulgaria•Croatia•Czech Republic•Denmark•The Netherlands•Estonia•Finland•France•
Germany•Greece•Hungary•Ireland•Italy•Latvia•Lithuania•Norway•Poland•Portugal•Romania•
Serbia•Slovakia•Slovenia•Spain•Sweden•Switzerland•Turkey•Ukraine and of UEMS (Union of European
Medical Specialists – Section Pediatric Surgery)
Editor-in-Chief
Martin Lacher
University Hospital Leipzig
Leipzig, Germany
Editorial Board Members
Arnaud Bonnard
Hôpital Robert DebréParis, France
Pitor KalicinskiChildren's Memorial Health InstituteWarsaw, PolandShawn D. St. Peter
Children's Mercy Kansas City
Kansas City, MO, USA
Editors Emeriti
A. M. Holschneider, Bergisch Gladbach
Y. Revillon, Paris, France
Benno M. Ure, Hannover, Germany
EUPSA Editor
Chairman of the EUPSA Scientific Oﬃce
Annika Mutanen, Helsinki, Finland
Associated Editors representing thefollowing countries or regions
Aayed R. Al-QahtaniKing Khalid University Hospital
Riyad, Saudi Arabia
Maciej Bagłaj
Wroclaw Medical University
Wroclaw, PolandKristin Bjornland
Oslo University Hospital
Oslo, Norway
Arnaud Bonnard
Hôpital Robert DebréParis, France
Jorge Correia-Pinto
University of Minho
Portugal, Braga

Orkan Ergün
Ege University
Izmir, Turkey

Attila M. Vastyan
University of Pécs

Guido Fitze
University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus
Dresden, Germany

Atsuyuki Yamataka
Juntendo University School of Medicine
Tokyo, Japan

Stefan Holland-Cunz
Universitäts-Kinderspital Beider Basel
Basel, Switzerland

Zacharias Zachariou
Medical School University of Cyprus
Cyprus NicosiaLeopoldo Martinez
Hospital Infantil La Paz
Madrid, Spain
Martin Metzelder
Medical University of Vienna
Vienna, Austria
Aurel Mironescu
Transilvania UniversityBrasov, Romania
Mikko Pakarinen
Helsinki University Central Hospital
Helsinki, Finland
Vasil Prytula
National Children'sSpecialized Hospital
Kyiv, Ukraine
Giovanna Riccipetitoni
University of Pavia,
Italy
Michal Rygl
Charles University and Motol
University Hospital
Prague, Czech Republic
Shawn D. St. Peter
Children's Mercy Kansas City
Kansas City, MO, USA
Pepi Stefanova
Medical University Plovdiv
Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Jörgen Thorup
University of Copenhagen
Copenhagen, Denmark
Ernst van Heurn
University Medical Center Amsterdam
Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Pécs, Hungary

Editorial Consultants
Michael Berger
University of Essen
Essen, Germany
Steﬀen Berger
Inselspital Bern
Bern, Switzerland
Carmen Mesas Burgos
Karolinska University Hospital
Stockholm, Sweden
Andrea Conforti
Children's Hospital Bambino GesùRome, Italy
Piotr Czauderna
Medical University of Gdansk
Warsaw, Poland
Anne Dariel
La Timone Enfants Hospital - AuixMarseille Université
Marseille, FranceMark Davenport
Kings College Hospital
London, Great Britain
Juan de Augustin
Hospital General Universitario Gregorio
Marañón
Madrid, SpainNils Dennhardt
Hannover Medical SchoolHannover, Germany
Jens Dingemann
Hannover Medical SchoolHannover, Germany

ISSN 0939-7248

Ivo de Blaauw
Radboudumc Amalia Children'sHospital
Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Paolo de Coppi
Great Ormond Street Hospital forChildrenLondon, Great Britain
Simon Eaton
University College London
London, Great Britain
Jörg Fuchs
University of Tuebingen
Tübingen, Germany
Frank-Martin Häcker
Ostschweizer Kinderspital
St. Gallen, Switzerland
Nigel J. HallSouthampton Children’s HospitalSouthampton, Great Britain
Martin Kaiser
Uniklinik Halle Halle, Germany
Richard Keijzer
University of Manitoba
Manitoba, Canada
Antti Koivusalo
Childrens Hospital Helsinki
Helsinki, Finland
Joachim Kuebler
Klinikum Bremen-MitteBremen, Germany
Marc A. Levitt
Children's National Hospital
Washington DC, USAPaul D. Losty
University of Liverpool
Liverpool, Great Britain
Barbara Ludwikowski
Auf der Bult Kinder-undJugendkrankenhaus
Hannover, Germany
Guiseppe MartuccielloUniversity of Genova
Genua, Italy
Thierry Merrot
La Timone Enfants Hospital Auix-Marseille Université
Marseille, France
Oliver MuenstererChildrens Hospital LMU Munich
Munich, Germany
Annika Mutanen
University of Helsinki
Helsinki, FinlandDariuz Patkowski
Wroclaw Medical University
Wroclaw, Poland

Enaam Raboie
King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Konrad Reinshagen
Universitätsklinikum HamburgEppendorf
Hamburg, Germany

Barbara Wildhaber
University Hospitals of Geneva andLausanne University Hospital
Geneva, Switzerland
Kenneth K. Y. Wong
Gleneagles Hospital
Hongkong, China

Udo Rolle
University Hospital Frankfurt
Frankfurt, Germany

Mark Wulkan
Akron Children's Hospital
Akron OH, USA

Robbert J. Rottier
Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospitalin Rotterdam
Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Aydin Yagmurlu
Ankara University School of Medicine
Ankara, Turkey

Sabine Sarnacki
Hôpital Universitaire Necker
Paris, FranceAmulya K. Saxena
Chelsea Children’s Hospital
London, Great Britain
Clemens Schiestl
Kinderspital Zürich
Zürich, Switzerland
Peter P. Schmittenbecher
Klinikum Karlsruhe
Karlsruhe, Germany
Rony Sfeir
Clinic of Pediatric SurgeryLille Lille,
FranceGuido Seitz
Uniklinik Marburg
Marburg, Germany
Tutku Soyer
Hacettepe University
Ankara, Turkey
Igor Sukhotnik
Ichilov Sourasky Medical Centre TelAviv Tel Aviv, Israel
Philipp Szavay
Luzerner Kantonsspital
Lucerne, Switzerland
Gonca T. TekantIstanbul University
Istanbul, Turkey
Holger Till
Medizinische Universität Graz
Graz, Austria
Stefaan Tytgat
The Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital –University Medical Center Utrecht
Utecht, The Netherlands
Frank WeberErasmus University Medical Centre
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
René Wijnen
Erasmus University Medical Centre
Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Augusto Zani
Sapienza University of Rome
Rome, Italy
Future Board
Ophelia Aubert
University Hospital Leipzig
Leipzig, Germany
Enirco Brönnimann
Lausanne University Hospital
Geneva, Switzerland
Sara Costanzo
V. Buzzi Children's Hospital
Milano, Italy
Joep Derikx
Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Barbora Kucerova
Charles University and Motol University
Hospital
Prague, Czech Republic
Stefano Giuliani
Great Ormond Street Hospital forChildrenLondon, Great Britain
Jan-Hendrik Gosemann
University Hospital Leipzig
Leipzig, Germany
Rim Kiblawi
Hannover Medical SchoolHannover, Germany
Omid Madadi-Sanjani
University Hospital
Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg, Germany
Marcin Losin
Medical University of Gdansk
Gdansk, Poland
Stavros Loukogeorgakis
University College London
London, Great Britain
Louise Montalva
Hôpital Universitaire Armand Trousseau
Paris, France

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Georg SingerMedizinische Universität Graz,Graz, Austria
Alexander Springer
Medical University of Vienna
Vienna, Austria
Alejandra Villanova-Sánchez
Hospital Universitario La Paz
Madrid, Spain
Richard Wagner
University Hospital Leipzig
Leipzig, Germany
Media Team
Lena Bode
University Hospital Leipzig
Leipzig, Germany

Omid Madadi-Sanjani
University Hospital
Hamburg-Eppendorf
Hamburg, Germany
Richard Wagner
University Hospital Leipzig
Leipzig, Germany
Publishers
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Postfach 301120
D-70451 Stuttgart

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