EUROPEAN NEW CAR ASSESSMENT PROGRAMME(Euro NCAP)ASSESSMENT PROTOCOL – CHILD OCCUPANT PROTECTION
Implementation 1st January 2023

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Copyright 2021© Euro NCAP - This work is the intellectual property of Euro NCAP. Permission is granted for this material
to be shared for non-commercial, educational purposes, provided that this copyright statement appears on the reproduced
materials and notice is given that the copying is by permission of Euro NCAP. To disseminate otherwise or to republish
requires written permission from Euro NCAP.

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Preface•

During the test preparation, vehicle manufacturers are encouraged to liaise with thelaboratory and to check that they are satisfied with the way cars are set up for testing.
Where a manufacturer feels that a particular item should be altered, they should ask thelaboratory staff to make any necessary changes. Manufacturers are forbidden frommaking changes to any parameter that will influence the test, such as dummy
positioning, vehicle setting, laboratory environment etc.

•

It is the responsibility of the test laboratory to ensure that any requested changes satisfy
the requirements of Euro NCAP. Where a disagreement exists between the laboratory
and manufacturer, the Euro NCAP secretariat should be informed immediately to pass
final judgment. Where the laboratory staff suspect that a manufacturer has interferedwith any of the set-up, the manufacturer's representative should be warned that they are
not allowed to do so themselves. They should also be informed that if another incident
occurs, they will be asked to leave the test site.

•

Where there is a recurrence of the problem, the manufacturer’s representative will betold to leave the test site and the Secretary General should be immediately informed.
Any such incident may be reported by the Secretary General to the manufacturer andthe person concerned may not be allowed to attend further Euro NCAP tests.

DISCLAIMER: Euro NCAP has taken all reasonable care to ensure that the information
published in this protocol is accurate and reflects the technical decisions taken by theorganisation. In the unlikely event that this protocol contains a typographical error or any otherinaccuracy, Euro NCAP reserves the right to make corrections and determine the assessment
and subsequent result of the affected requirement(s).

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EUROPEAN NEW CAR ASSESSMENT PROGRAMME (Euro NCAP)ASSESSMENT PROTOCOL – CHILD OCCUPANT PROTECTIONTABLE OF CONTENTS

1
1.1
1.2
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
4
4.1
4.2
5
5.1
5.2
6
6.1
6.2

INTRODUCTION
Background
Overview
VEHICLE BASED ASSESSMENT
Preconditions
Gabarit Installation on All Passenger Seats
i-Size and TopTether Marking
Passenger Airbag Warning Marking and DisablingChild Presence Detection
INSTALLATION OF CHILD RESTRAINTSCRS Installation List and OEM Recommended CRS
Installation Matrix
CRS Installation Scoring
DYNAMIC ASSESSMENT
Points Calculation
Criteria and Limit Values
TWO SEATERS AND VEHICLES WITH LIMITED REAR SPACE
Vehicles with only Two Seats
Vehicles with Limited Rear SpaceSCORING & VISUALISATION
Scoring
Visualisation

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3
3
4
4
5
5
6
8
9
9
10
12
14
14
14
18
18
19
20
20
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1

INTRODUCTION

1.1

Background

Euro NCAP has carried out a child occupant safety assessment since its very first test to ensurethat manufacturers take responsibility for the children travelling in their vehicles. In November
2003, Euro NCAP introduced a child occupant protection rating to provide clearer information
for consumers about the results of these tests. As part of this assessment, Euro NCAP has used
18 month old and 3 year old sized dummies, placed in manufacturers ‘recommended’ child
restraint systems (CRS), in the frontal and side impact tests. As well as studying the results fromthe impact tests, Euro NCAP verified the clarity of instructions on the CRS and vehicle as wellas the CRS installation in the vehicle to ensure that the CRS could be fitted safely and securely.
In 2009, the child score became integral part of the overall rating scheme but the technicalassessment remained the same.
Starting from 2013, the assessment of child safety was extended by an installation check of a
selection of popular, well performing seats available in Europe. This will assess the vehicle’s
ability to safely and correctly accommodate a broader range of CRS instead of a single
combination of recommended CRS and car. For this purpose, a so-called ‘installation’ list is
populated with widely available, well performing child restraints that represent most common
types of products available on the European market. The particular CRS included on the
installation list are published on Euro NCAP’s website and will be checked every year foravailability of the CRS. Every 2 years the list will be reviewed and updated. Each update will
occur at the start of the year preceding the year of application. The installation list may be
extended to include manufacturer’s recommended seats and/or regionally popular seats.
In 2016, the dynamic test part of the assessment was revised, replacing the 1.5 and 3 years old
dummies by 6 and 10 years old respectively. Also, from this date only fully i-Size compliant
vehicles are rewarded in the relevant vehicle based assessments.
1.2

Overview

This protocol defines how protection for children is assessed in Euro NCAP. The principle
behind the Child Occupant Protection assessment is that children should be as equally well
protected as adults in the event of a crash. The protocol is applicable to all classes of vehicles
currently assessed by Euro NCAP, including vehicles where there is no rear bench or where there
is limited space for carrying CRS on the rear seats.
As part of the assessment, various types of child restraints will be installed in the vehicle to assess
its ability to accommodate restraints for all ages of children. Instrumented Q6 and Q10 dummies
will be used to assess the protection offered in the event of front and side crashes. During a postcrash vehicle inspection, the car will be assessed on aspects such as labelling, airbag disabling,
ISOFIX usability, i-Size readiness and more. The results from these tests are separately assessed
as follows:•••

Vehicle based assessment (Chapter 2),
Problem-free installation of child restraints (Chapter 3),
Dynamic performance (Chapter 4).

The application of the requirements in this protocol to vehicles with limited rear space and two
seaters is detailed in Chapter 5.

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2

VEHICLE BASED ASSESSMENT

All vehicle-based assessments will be only performed on vehicles that meet the relevant fitment
requirements at the time of assessment. Hence, before the assessment starts, the total number ofpassenger seating positions in the vehicle must be identified including 1st, 2nd and 3rd row if
available. Where a vehicle is available with optional seat rows and/or floor storage
compartments, the assessment will be based on the worst performing configuration.
2.1

Preconditions

2.1.1 Provision of Three-point Seat Belts
If any passenger seat is not equipped with (at least) three-point lap and diagonal seatbelts, 0
points shall be awarded for the vehicle based assessment.
2.1.2 Website Information Form TB 033
The OEM is required to complete a website information form that details the vehicle’s ability toaccommodate CRS of all types, e.g. belted, i-Size etc. Information must not conflict withinformation detailed in the vehicle handbook. Were the OEM has not completed the website
information form, 0 points shall be awarded for the vehicle based assessment.
2.1.3 Vehicle Handbook Information
Where any of the applicable vehicle handbook information is either not present or not incompliance with R16, the CRS installation and vehicle-based assessments will not be performed
and 0 points shall be awarded in these areas. It is acceptable for the information to be annexedin the vehicle handbook or provided on a permanent website provided that clear references areprovided in the vehicle handbook.
2.1.3.1 Airbag Disablinga) Where a passenger frontal airbag is fitted (both front and rear seats if applicable) all CRS
tables in the vehicle handbook must clearly indicate that when these passenger airbags
are active the seat is NOT suitable for any rearward facing CRS. This is to be done withthe use of either two separate columns in the relevant CRS tables, belt attached, ISOFIX
and i-size where appropriate. One column shall indicate the CRS installation options withthe airbag ON and the second column with the airbag OFF. Alternatively, pictograms
may be used to indicate the airbag status and equivalent readiness of the passenger seat
for accommodating CRS providing the pictograms meet the requirements of Section 2.5.
b) Where the passenger airbag cannot be activated and deactivated by either the user, or a
fully automatic disabling system (assessed in accordance with TB023), the RWF CRS
installations on the front passenger seat will automatically be deemed a fail.
c) Where a vehicle is equipped with a low-risk deployment frontal airbag, it is not necessary
to deactivate the airbag but there must be information in the handbook indicating that thisairbag can remain active when installing a RWF CRS. A clear explanation as to why it issafe for the airbag to remain enabled must also be provided in the handbook. The vehicle
manufacturer must provide convincing data to Euro NCAP to show that the frontal airbag
can indeed be considered as low risk.

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2.2

Gabarit Installation on All Passenger Seats

Where the 2nd row outboard seats are in compliance with the requirements in UN Regulation 16
Annex 17 - Appendix 1 and meet the additional requirements specified below, 1 point shall beawarded. Where, in addition, all other passenger seats comply, an additional 1 point shall beawarded. For gabarit installations on the 3rd row seats, it is acceptable to move or fold the 2nd
row seats to enable installation provided the vehicle handbook instructs the user to do so.
2.2.1 Additional Requirements for Gabarit Installation:a) Once the belt is correctly routed around the Gabarit fixture, it should be possible to draw
a further 150mm of belt webbing from the reel.
b) Where a passenger frontal airbag is fitted, it must be possible to activate and deactivate
the passenger airbag, either automatically or manually. The requirements of Section 2.4
need not be met to qualify for this award, but the airbag disabling equipment must be
standard and the requirements of 2.1.3.1 a) must also be met.
c) In the case of an adult seat belt that is capable of being switched from an emergency
locking retractor (ELR) to an automatic locking retractor (ALR), clear advice, obvious to
the user, about how the ALR feature should be used needs to be present on any labels
attached to the seat belt (information given in the handbook is not sufficient as readingof the handbook cannot be assumed for all users).
2.3

i-Size and TopTether Marking

2.3.1 Preconditions
Where i-Size seating positions are offered, they will be assessed on variants fitted with optional
floor storage compartments and need to comply with the following requirements to be eligible
for scoring the available points specified below.
a) The location of each i-Size approved anchorage must be marked.
b) The location of each top tether anchorage must be marked and include both text and apictogram.
c) The i-Size markings must show the relevant i-Size pictogram detailed in UN Regulation
145. It is allowed to add the word ISOFIX adjacent to the i-Size pictogram.
d) All markings must be of conspicuous design and both the text and pictogram must havecolours which contrast with their background.
e) All markings must be permanently visible. Flag type labels are not acceptable.
f) All markings must be permanently attached to the vehicle.
g) The presence of floor storage compartments, optional or otherwise, must not preclude theinstallation of i-Size CRS or require the user to check compatible vehicle lists.
h) Floor storage compartments must satisfy the requirements of R14 or R145. They shall betested with the lid in the closed position. No preparatory actions are permitted, such as
opening the lid or the additional of storage space fillers.
2.3.2 i-Size Availability
Where the vehicle offers two or more i-Size seating positions that can accommodate the ISO/B2
i-Size fixture, defined in R16 supplement 9, 2 points are awarded.
2.3.3 Three i-Size Seating Positions & Accommodation of Two ISO/R3 positions
Where the vehicle is provided with three fully independent, correctly marked i-Size seating
positions (Section 2.3.1) that can correctly accommodate i-Size CRS including top-tether (2.3.2)

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with at least two of those positions also accommodating the ISO/R3 fixture (Class C), 1 point
shall be awarded.
It will not be acceptable for any anchorages and the top-tether to be shared between seating
positions. The vehicle handbook must inform the user that the vehicle is capable ofaccommodating the ISO/R3 fixture.
When checking a CRF behind the driver seat, it may be adjusted longitudinally forward but notfurther than the mid position between its 95th and foremost positions. The seat backrest angle
may also be adjusted, but not to a more upright angle than corresponding to a torso angle of 15
degrees. The full range of seat height adjustment can be used. All adjustments of any passenger
seats are permissible to install the fixture.

2.4

Passenger Airbag Warning Marking and Disabling

If the vehicle is fitted with a passenger’s frontal protection airbag as standard or optional, it must
be marked with a permanent airbag warning label that meets the requirements of UN Regulation
94 to be eligible for scoring points under this section. For automatic switches, 4 points will beawarded when the below requirements in sections 2.4.1 and 2.4.3 are met. For manual switches,
2 points will be awarded when requirements for manual switches in sections 2.4.1 and 2.4.2 aremet. If no passenger airbag is available on the entire model range, 2 points will be awarded.
2.4.1 General Requirements for Automatic and Manual Switchesa) Any text, labelling and instructions in relation to airbag disabling must be permanently
attached to the vehicle.
b) The information provided must be clear, without reference to the vehicle’s handbook orother source.
c) The information and warnings must be provided in such a way that they are visible forboth the driver and front seat passenger, showing the status of the airbag.
d) The status indicator must be labelled with the words ‘Passenger AIRBAG OFF/ON’.
Abbreviations such as ‘Pass’, ‘AB’ or any other combination is NOT acceptable.
Supplementary warnings will be ignored.
e) The AIRBAG ON pictogram must be based upon that of the sun visor label (ECE R94)
as shown below:f) The AIRBAG OFF pictogram must be based upon that detailed in ECE R121 as shown
below:g) Slight alterations to the ON/OFF pictograms above are acceptable provided that the basic
geometry of the pictogram remains the same. Mirroring and monochrome colours are
acceptable.

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6h) If the information to indicate that the airbag is enabled is provided by a visual signal, thesignal is only required to be shown for a period of 60 seconds after the ignition is switchedon.
i) Information to indicate that the airbag is disabled must be permanently displayed, when
the ignition is on and the seat is occupied.
j) If at any time the airbag is switched from the OFF position to the ON position, the statusindicator showing that the airbag is ON must signal this immediately after checking
period for at least 60 seconds, regardless of the length of time the ignition has beenswitched on, or until the ignition is switched off again.
2.4.2 Additional Requirements for Manual Switches Onlya) Where a manual switch is used, it must be labelled with the words ‘Passenger AIRBAG
OFF/ON’ and the same pictograms detailed above indicating ON and OFF.
b) The individual switch positions must be marked with the same pictograms that are used
to indicate the airbag status. The two positions must be marked with the text ON & OFF
along with the corresponding pictogram.
c) Where the two switch positions are marked not on the switch but on an adjacent label,the label must be sufficiently close to the switch, such that the user clearly associates one
with the other.
d) Where a hardware switch is used, it must be accessible and clearly visible when installing
CRS. For example, where a switch is located in the glove box, the presence of the switch
must be clearly highlighted either by switch itself or an additional, permanent, label when
the lid is open. For example, the switch may not be located on the driver’s side of thevehiclee) It must not be possible for a rearward facing child; restrained on the front passenger seat;to operate the switch at any time.
f) Where a software based switch is used, clear instructions detailing ‘Passenger AIRBAG
OFF/ON’ (no abbreviations) must be presented in the menu at the same time as thecorresponding pictograms used for the status indicator.
g) If, with the ignition on and with engine running or not, the airbag status can be changed,
the system must react correctly to the change immediately. Systems will be checked oncethe vehicle diagnostics/system checks have been completed.
2.4.3 Additional Requirements for Automatic Switches Onlya) The system must ensure that the airbag is OFF for ANY rearward facing CRS and obviate
any risk associated with airbag deploymentb) If, with the ignition on and with engine running or not, the airbag status can be changed,
the entire system must immediately react to the change correctly. Up to 10 seconds will
be permitted from the change of occupant status to the corresponding signal from theairbag status indicator. Systems will be checked once the vehicle diagnostics/system
checks have been completed.
c) The system must automatically re-activate the airbag when the seat is occupied by aperson who is not required to use a child restraint.
d) The method for assessing automatic systems is detailed in TB023.

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2.5

Child Presence Detection

Where the vehicle is equipped with a Child Presence Detection (CPD) system that meets therequirements detailed in the Euro NCAP CPD Test and Assessment protocol, up to 4 points shallbe awarded.
The score available is dependent upon the type of detection system used, the areas of vehicle
covered and which of the identified scenarios are covered by the system.
2.5.1 Scoring (2023-2024)
Sensing

Direct and/or indirect sensing
Direct sensing only

Warnings
intervention

andInitial warning
Initialandescalation warnings
Initial, escalation
and Intervention

PointsAll seats
Without(excluding
front
driver)passengerseat(s)
1

0.5

3

1.5

4

2

2.5.2 Scoring (2025 and later)
From 2025 onwards, no points will be awarded to either vehicles with indirect sensing or wherea vehicle is equipped with an initial warning only.
Sensing

Warnings andintervention

Direct sensing only
Coverage of Scenario 1, 2 & 3

Initial andescalation warnings
Initial, escalation
and Intervention

Sensing

Warnings andintervention

Direct sensing only
Coverage of Scenario 1, 2

Initial andescalation warnings
Initial, escalation
and Intervention

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PointsAll seats
Without
front row
3

1.5

4

2

PointsAll seats
Without(excluding
front
driver)passengerseat(s)
2

1

3

1.5

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3

INSTALLATION OF CHILD RESTRAINTSEuro NCAP rewards vehicles that can accommodate a broad variety of child restraints available
on the European market. For this purpose, a limited number of popular CRS are installed in thevehicle. All CRS selected for the Euro NCAP fitment tests have demonstrated good (crash test)
performance in leading independent consumer tests and are readily available in certain regionsof the Euro NCAP Application Area (EAA), TB002. The groups and recommended installation
modes of the CRS selected represent those commonly most observed on the market, including
some belt attached, ISOFIX and i-Size seats. This installation list of CRS, how it is compiled
and updated is explained in section 3.2 below.
3.1

Application of the Assessments

Where a vehicle is available with optional equipment, the CRS installation assessment will bebased on the worst performing configuration. The following optional equipment will beconsidered for the assessment:
Seat rows – e.g. 3rd row
Additional seating positions – e.g. position 2 in row 1
ISOFIX/i-Size positions
Top-tether anchorages
Floor storage compartments
3.2

CRS Installation List and OEM Recommended CRS

3.2.1 Installation List
The child restraints used for the fitment assessment are detailed in Euro NCAP Technical
Bulletin TB012.
3.2.2 Manufacturer’s Recommendation
The overall responsibility of the vehicle manufacturer for safe transport of children is also
reflected in the recommendation that the vehicle manufacturer should make to the consumer
regarding the CRS to be used in the vehicle. Hence, besides ensuring that vehicles that canaccommodate a broad variety of CRSs, Euro NCAP rewards vehicle manufacturers thatrecommend suitable CRS for each weight group and/or size range.
Any recommended CRS must meet the following requirements:a) The CRS must be recommended by the vehicle manufacturer, to their customers, in all
countries within the EAA, where the vehicle is sold.
b) Where the recommended CRS are not on the installation list, the CRS must be available
for purchase by the public from both vehicle dealers and independent retail outlets in all
countries defined in TB 002 where the vehicle is sold. The CRS system must be available
to the public within 5 working days of an order being made.
c) With the exception of booster cushions1, the recommended CRS must have been fully
type approved according to R129 and evaluated by the ETC (or similar) programme(including dynamic tests) and obtain a ‘good’ performance rating. This is the case for
CRS on the installation list. For CRS not on the installation list, it is the vehicle
1) For all vehicles published after 1st January 2025, all OEM recommended CRS must be R129 approved.

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manufacturer’s responsibility to provide evidence of ‘good performance’ at the time of
CRS recommendation, following the procedure described in Technical Bulletin 012. For
Integrated CRS, booster seat with detachable backrests or booster cushion CRS no ETC
testing is necessary.
d) The recommended CRS must be rearward facing for children up to a stature of 83cm.
e) Recommendation of ‘OEM rebranded’ CRS that are already on the installation list canbe accepted. Information will be added to the results to highlight the equivalency between
original installation list seat and ‘OEM rebranded’ seats to the consumer.
f) Euro NCAP verifies the problem-free installation of manufacturer’s recommended CRS
for Q6 and Q10 on the 2nd row rear outboard positions only. The installations will be
performed using the CRS installation mode and settings/adjustments recommended by
the vehicle manufacturer for dynamic testing in the same way as it does installation list
seats but a separate score will be attributed (see section 3.4). The other recommended
CRS will not be installed.
g) Recommended CRS must either still be in production at the time of publication oravailable for at least 12 months from the end of CRS production.
3.2.3 CRS for dynamic testsa) The Q6 dummy shall be seated in an appropriate CRS for a six year old child or a childwith a stature of 125cm. This will be the CRS recommended by the vehicle manufacturer
in the vehicle handbook. If there is no recommendation made in the vehicle handbook fora six year old child a suitable CRS will be chosen from the installation list (TB012).
b) The Q10 dummy shall be seated on a booster cushion only. This will be the booster
cushion recommended by the vehicle manufacturer in the vehicle handbook. Where thevehicle manufacturer recommends, in the vehicle handbook, a high back booster seatwith detachable backrest, it will be used without the backrest. If there is norecommendation made in the vehicle handbook or a booster seat with a non-removable
backrest is recommended, a suitable booster cushion will be chosen from the list of
booster cushions in TB012. Booster cushions will be accepted for use in the tests
provided that when the Q10 dummy is seated on the booster, no part of the head is higher
than 840mm vertically above the Cr-point. Booster cushions that have R129 approval
will not need to meet this requirement.
c) Where a vehicle is equipped with an integrated CRS covering the Q6 and/or Q10 on therear outboard 2nd row test positions, the integrated CRS will be used in the dynamic tests.
Integrated CRS will be used even if they are optional equipment. Where a vehicle isequipped with only one integrated CRS on either outboard position covering both or only
one of two child ages, the integrated CRS will be used only where applicable. If only one
integrated CRS is present, the vehicle manufacturer shall recommend a suitable CRS toaccommodate the other child dummy. Where this is not the case the steps detailed in a)
and/or b) will be followed.
3.3

Installation Matrix

The Vehicle Based Assessment (Section 2) determines the eligibility for scoring for the
combinations of CRS’s and seating positions in the vehicle. The following provides an overview
of the relationship between the Vehicle Based Assessments and the Installation Matrix.
3.3.1 Belt attached CRS
The belt attached CRS detailed in TB 012 will be installed in all available seating positions.

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Seating positions must meet the extended Gabarit check (Section 2.2) to be included in the
Installation Matrix for the belt attached CRS’s. A combination of belt attached CRS group andseating positions that do not meet these requirements will automatically fail the CRS installationassessment for belt attached CRS of that group on the installation list. Where a vehicle can beequipped with optional inflatable seatbelts or other advanced adult restraint systems, thisequipment will not be assessed provided that the vehicle handbook clearly states that CRS cannot
be installed when this equipment is present. The vehicle manufacturer is asked to contact EuroNCAP in advance of the vehicle assessment to confirm this exemption.
Exemptions for CRS on the installation list that are installed with the adult belt and support leg(R129 specific vehicle belted) are only permitted where the following occur:
2nd row, position 5 – transmission tunnel only
3rd row, where applicable all positions – transmission tunnel, shallow floor and/orinteraction with seat rails
Belt attached ISO/R3 size class CRS listed on the installation list will be exempted frominstallation on any seating position when the CRF ISO/R3 cannot be installed according to
Section 2.3.3 and is clearly identified with an “X” in the CRS table as unsuitable for this size.
When this is the case, the combination of ISO/R3 size class CRS given installation score on thatseating position will be awarded the available points (see section 3.4).
The above exemptions will only be permitted providing that the vehicle handbook clearly
indicates that on the above seating positions, it is not permitted to install a belted CRS with asupport leg. These exemptions cannot be applied to any other seating positions.
3.3.2 I-Size CRS
The i-Size CRS detailed in TB 012 will only be installed on seating positions equipped either asstandard or optionally, with i-Size approval. Seating positions without i-Size approval will betermed NA in the installation spreadsheet. There are no exemptions permitted for i-Size CRS.
3.3.3 R129 ISOFIX CRS
Other CRS detailed in TB 012 that can be installed using ISOFIX anchorages with and without
the seatbelt will be installed on all seating positions equipped either as standard or optionally,
with ISOFIX and/or i-Size approval.
Exemptions for CRS on the installation list that are installed using ISOFIX anchorages with andwithout the seatbelt are only permitted where the following occur:
2nd row, position 5 – transmission tunnel only
3rd row, where applicable all positions – transmission tunnel, shallow floor and/orinteraction with seat rails
The above exemptions will only be permitted providing that the vehicle handbook clearly
indicates that on the above seating positions, it is not permitted to install a CRS with a support
leg. These exemptions cannot be applied to any other seating positions.
ISOFIX attached ISO/R3 size class seats listed on the installation list will be exempted frominstallation on any seating position when the CRF ISO/R3 cannot be installed according to
Section 2.3.3 and is clearly identified with an “X” in the ISOFIX CRS table as unsuitable for thissize. When this is the case, the combination of ISO/R3 size class CRS given installation scoreon that seating position will be awarded the available points (see section 3.4).

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3.3.4 Passenger Airbag Warning and Disabling
Seating positions which have a frontal passenger airbag present must meet the requirements for
Passenger Airbag Warning Marking and Disabling (Section 2.4) to be included in the CRS
installation assessment. A seating position that does not meet these requirements willautomatically fail the CRS installation assessment for all rearward facing belted, ISOFIX and iSize seats on the installation list for these seating positions.
3.3.5 Integrated Child Restraints
Where an integrated CRS is offered as standard and indicated as such in the vehicle handbook,this seating position will automatically pass the assessments and no installation check is requiredwith the installation List-CRS of the child stature covered by the integrated CRS.
3.4

CRS Installation Scoring

Each CRS-seating position combination from the Installation Matrix will be used for scoring.
When all of the requirements are met for a given CRS-seating position, it is awarded the points
available and is shown as a “Pass”.2
Where the vehicle based assessment result prevented scoring or where the requirements are not
met and the requirements on which the CRS installation failed are considered to be safety critical,
the CRS-Seating position combination is considered a “Fail”. When a non-safety criticalrequirement is not met, it is considered to be a “Partial Fail” (P Fail). For both cases, “Fail” and“P Fail”, no points are awarded for the CRS-seating position combination, however the results
will be differently communicated.
The score for each individual CRS on the installation matrix, CRSi, will be calculated by dividing
the number of successful installations in the vehicle by the total number of suitable passenger
seating positions in the vehicle. All CRS will be awarded equally in the assessment and the
maximum score for installation of CRS detailed on the installation list is 10 points.
Where the manufacturer recommends appropriate CRS for all child statures up to and including
135cm (section 3.2.2) 1 point will be awarded. For statures up to 83cm, the recommended CRS
must be rearward facing. An additional 1 point will be awarded where the recommended CRS
are for all statures up to and including 150cm. If any the recommended CRS are to be used in
the dynamic tests, they MUST meet the installation requirements on the 2nd row rear outboard
positions.
The maximum available score for the installation assessment will be 12 points and isindependent of the number of seats on the installation list. If there is no OEM recommendation
for CRS the maximum available score for CRS installation will be 10 points.
3.4.1 Rounding
The resulting point score per CRS is expressed as numbers, with 3 decimal points. The total score
for CRS installation is the sum of the points for fitment all CRS’s.

2) ISO/R3 size class exemptions and those detailed in Sections 3.3.1 & 3.3.3 will be treated as “Exempt” whencalculating the CRS installation score.

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Table 1. Example of installation list results
SEATING POSITIONCRS Installation Assessment

Front

2nd row

3rd row

SCORING

Left
N/A

Centre Right
Belt
Belt

Left
i-SizeCentreBelt

Right
i-SizeLeft Centre Right
ISOFIX Belt ISOFIX

Pass

Fail

ExemptScore

1 < 83cm

Maxi Cosi Pebble 360

B___

ISO/R2

N/A

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

P Fail

Pass

7

1

NA

87.5%

2 135cm

Britax Kidfix i-Size

B___

ISO/B2

N/A

Pass

Pass

Pass

Fail

Pass

Pass

P Fail

Pass

6

2

NA

75.0%

3 150cm

Cybex Solution Z i-Fix

B___

ISO/B3

N/A

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Fail

Pass

7

1

NA

87.5%

4 135cm

Cybex Solution Z i-Fix

BI __ISO/B3

N/A

N/A

N/A

Pass

N/A

Pass

Pass

N/A

Pass

4

0

NA

100.0%

5 150cm

Cybex Solution Z i-Fix

BI __ISO/B3

N/A

N/A

N/A

Pass

N/A

Pass

Pass

N/A

Pass

4

0

NA

100.0%

6 40-105cm

Maxi Cosi Pearl 360 & FamilyFix 360_I L_

ISO/R2

N/A

N/A

N/A

Pass

N/A

Pass

ExemptN/A

Exempt202100.0%

7 150CM

Maxi Cosi Pearl 360 & FamilyFix 360

_I L_

F2X

N/A

N/A

N/A

Pass

N/A

Pass

ExemptN/A

Exempt202100.0%

8 61-105cm

BeSafe iZi Kid X2 i-Size_I L_

ISO/R2

N/A

N/A

N/A

Pass

N/A

Pass

ExemptN/A

Exempt202100.0%

9 76-105cm

Britax Römer TriFix2 i-Size

_I _S

F2X

N/A

N/A

N/A

Pass

N/A

Pass

Pass

N/A

Pass

4

0

NA

100.0%

10 100-135cm

BeSafe iZi Flex FIX i-Size

BI __ISO/B2

N/A

N/A

N/A

Pass

N/A

Pass

Pass

N/A

Pass

4

0

NA

100.0%< 83cmMaxi Cosi Pebble 360

B___

ISO/R276-105cm

Britax Römer TriFix2 i-Size

_I _S

F2X

< 135cm

Cybex Solution Z i-Fix

BI __ISO/B3

Pass

Pass

2

0

< 150cm

Cybex Solution Z i-Fix

BI __ISO/B3

Pass

Pass

2

0

1.000

1.000

SUMMARY
Installation assessment
OEM assessment

9.500
2.000

TOTAL INSTALLATION ASSESSMENT

Legend:Pass
P FailFail
ExemptN/A

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11.500

CRS can be installed correctly
CRS can be installed correctly but more actions are needed that do not meetthe requirements of Euro NCAP and 0 points are awarded
Safety critical issues exist, 0 points awarded
Vehicle handbook exempts the CRS from being installed on that seating
position
This combination of CRS and seating position is not applicable

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4

DYNAMIC ASSESSMENT

The starting point for the dynamic assessment of child occupant protection is the dummy
response data recorded in two different test configurations: frontal impact in offset and side
impact. All criteria used are calculated according to Technical Bulletin 21. Initially, each relevant
body area is given a score based on the measured dummy parameters. These scores can be
adjusted after the test based on the defined modifiers.
From the information collected in the two test scenarios, individual test scores are computed forboth the Q6 and Q10 dummy. Where a vehicle is available with optional 2nd seat row on any
variant, the dynamic assessment will be based on a vehicle fitted with the optional seats.
4.1

Points Calculation

A sliding scale system of points scoring is used to calculate points for each measured criterion
where a higher and lower performance limit exists. Where a value falls between the two limits,
the score is calculated by linear interpolation. If only a lower performance limit is available fora criterion, this limit is used as a “Pass”/ “Fail” criteria.
Capping limits are applied to both child dummies and exceeding a capping limit generallyindicates unacceptable high risk of injury. Where a dummy measurement has exceeded a capping
limit, the score of that entire dummy will be 0 points in the impact in which the limit was
exceeded.
4.2

Criteria and Limit Values

The basic assessment criteria used for frontal impact, with the upper and lower performance
limits for each parameter, are summarised below. Where multiple criteria exist for an individual
body region, the lowest scoring parameter is used to determine the performance of that region.
Injury parameter assessments highlighted in Table 2 and Table 3 will not be evaluated during therebound phase.
4.2.1 Precondition
If the restraint system is unable to keep the child dummy restrained that dummy will be penalised
for its dynamic performance in the impact in which the issue occurred.
4.2.1.1 Restrainta) During the forwards movement of the dummy only, the diagonal belt slips off theshoulder. Where this occurs zero points will be awarded to the dummy. Slippingof the shoulder is when the belt moves below the shoulder joint down the upperarm.
b) During the forwards movement of the dummy only, the diagonal belt moves into
the gap between the clavicle and upper arm with folding of the belt webbing.
Where this occurs a penalty of -4 points will be applied to the overall dummy
score of the impact in which it occurs.
c) At any time throughout the impact either the pelvis of the dummy submarines
beneath the lap section of the belt or the lap section does not prevent the dummy
from moving upwards during rebound and is no longer restraining the pelvis.
Where this occurs zero points will be awarded to the dummy.

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4.2.1.2 Ejection
Dummy ejection will be evaluated at any time throughout both the front and side impacts.
a) The dummy pelvis does not remain in the booster seat or on the booster cushionand is not correctly restrained by the lap section of the seatbelt.
b) The CRS does not remain within the same seating position or is no longer
correctly restrained by the adult belt. It must not be displaced onto the floor or
any other part of the rear seat/occupant compartment.
4.2.1.3 Failure of restraint system components
Failure of the restraint system components will be evaluated at any time throughout both thefront and side impacts.
a) There is any breakage or fracturing of load-bearing parts of the belt system
including buckles, webbing and anchorage points.
b) There is any breakage or fracturing of any seat belt lock-offs, tethers, straps,
ISOFIX anchorages, backrest to booster cushion connections or any otherattachments which are specifically used to anchor the CRS to the vehicle fail.
4.2.2 Frontal Impact
4.2.2.1 Head contact
If there is no hard contact seen on the high speed film, the head score is based on the Resultant
3ms acceleration only.
4.2.2.2 Head excursion modifier
The head score is reduced for excessive forward excursion. Where the head of the Q6 exceeds
the 550mm forward excursion line a 4 point modifier is applied. For the Q10 a stepped modifier
is used, where the Q10 head exceeds the 450mm or 550mm forward excursion line, a 2 or 4 point
modifier respectively is applied. The excursion will be measured from the H-point location of
the 5th female occupant with the rear seats adjusted in accordance with the Frontal MPDB test
protocol.

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4.2.2.3 Frontal Impact Criteria
Table 2. Frontal impact criteria, limits and available points per body region for Q6, Q10
Criteria
Head
Score

Upper
Neck

Chest
(T4)

HIC15
(with
contact)
Resultantacceleration
Head excursion

hardHigher
500

3ms

60g

80g

80g

Q6

NA

550mm

NA

Q10

450mm
1.7kN

550mm
2.62kNNA
NA

Extension My(with head to interior
contact)
Q6

NA

36Nm

NA

Q10

NA

49Nm

NA

Q6

NA

NA

NA

41g

55g

55g

Tension Fz

Resultant 3ms
acceleration*

Q10
ASIS load

TOTAL

Available points

4 points

Q10
Deflection - max Dres,
upper and lower
Q6

PelvisPerformance limits
Lower
Capping
700
800

2 points

2 points
30mm

42mm

NA

NA
NA

56mm
NA

NA**
NA
8 points/dummy*Chest acceleration peaks caused by the firing of seatbelt pretensioners early in the loading event
will be ignored.
**Capping, as defined in Section 4.1, will be applied to the Q10 chest deflection on 1st January
2025. The limitation to star rating as defined in Section 2.3 the Euro NCAP Assessment Protocol- Overall rating, will not be applied to Q10 chest deflection.

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4.2.3 Side Impact
4.2.3.1 Head contact
If there is no hard contact seen on the highspeed film, the score is based on the Resultant 3ms
acceleration only.
4.2.3.2 Side Impact Criteria
Table 3. Side impact criteria, limits and available points per body region for Q6, Q10
Criteria
Head
Score

Upper
Neck
Chest (T4)

HIC15
(with
contact)
Resultantacceleration
Resultant Force

Resultantacceleration*

TOTAL

hard

Performance limits
Higher
Lower
Capping
500
700
800

3ms

60g

80g

Q6
Q10
3ms

NA
NA

2.4kN
2.2kN
67g

80g

Available points

2 pointsNA

1 pointNA

1 point
4 points/dummy*Chest acceleration peaks caused by the firing of seatbelt pretensioners early in the loading event
will be ignored.
The contribution of the Dynamic Score to the Child Occupant Protection Score is calculated bysumming the body scores for the relevant body regions for the Q6 and Q10 in both front and side
impact (24 in total).

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5

TWO SEATERS AND VEHICLES WITH LIMITED REAR SPACE

This Section details how protection for children is assessed by Euro NCAP in vehicles equippedwith two seats and in vehicles where space is limited in the rear.
5.1

Vehicles with only Two Seats

5.1.1 Vehicle based assessments
For two seater vehicles, the same precondition as described in Section 2.1 apply for the passenger
seat. Furthermore an adjusted vehicle based assessment will be applied to two seater vehicles:
5.1.1.1 Gabarit Installation on all Passenger Seats
Where the passenger seat is in compliance with the requirements in Section 2.2, 2 points shallbe awarded.
5.1.1.2 i-Size and TopTether Marking
Where the passenger seat is in compliance with the requirements in Section 2.3 and is suitablefor use the ISO B2 fixture, 2 points shall be awarded. Alternatively, where the passenger seat isin compliance with the requirements in Section 2.3 and is suitable for use with the largest size ofrearward facing ISO B2 & R3 fixtures, 3 points shall be awarded.
5.1.1.3 Passenger Airbag Warning Marking and Disabling
Where the vehicle is in compliance with the requirements in Section 2.4, 4 points shall beawarded to fully automatic systems, 2 points shall be awarded to manual systems.
5.1.1.4 Child Presence Detection
5.1.2 Where a vehicle is provided with a CPD system that meets the requirements of the CPD
Test and Assessment Protocol, 4 points shall be awarded. CRS installation assessment
For two seater vehicles, all of the requirements and scoring principle in Chapter 3 apply (front
passenger seat only).
5.1.3 Dynamic assessment
For two seater vehicles the dynamic assessment will be performed with the Q6 dummy sitting
on the front passenger seat in both MPDB and AE-MDB impacts. The dynamic performance in
the MPDB impact will be based on Manufacturer’s in house data. The official AE-MDB test,
conducted by Euro NCAP, will include the Q6 dummy for side impact assessment. Where the
manufacturer provides no data zero points will be awarded for the dynamic tests.
The head excursion in the MPDB impact will be measured from the H-point location of 5th
female dummy with the front passenger seat adjusted in accordance to the user manual
information for the seating position with child restraints. The passenger frontal airbag will be set
by the manual switch according user manual, in case of automatic deactivation systems, theairbag status will be determined by the vehicle.

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5.2

Vehicles with Limited Rear Space

A vehicle will be deemed as having limited rear space as defined in Section 3.5 of the COP
Testing protocol. Where this is the case, the test laboratory will confirm that child dummy cannot
be installed in the frontal MPDB and/or side AE-MDB test without interference from the vehicle.
All assessments will be applied as normal, except the assessment of dynamic performance which
will be based on Manufacturers data from test(s) with modified seating settings, as described in
the Testing Protocol – COP. Where the manufacturer provides no data zero points will beawarded for the dynamic tests.
A “hybrid rating” would be produced using the adult data from the official full scale test
(performed without CRS but with compensation for the reference mass) and the child data fromthe additional tests. In the final vehicle rating, Euro NCAP will indicate that it was not possible
to install the CRS and/or child dummy with and adult in the normal Euro NCAP front seat test
position.

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6

SCORING & VISUALISATION

6.1

Scoring

The maximum number of points available for child protection (including limited rear space andtwo seaters) is 49. The maximum points available in each assessment area is as follows:• Dynamic Assessment• Installation of Child Restraints• Vehicle Based Assessments

With rear seats
24
12
13

without rear seats
24
12
13

The child protection score will be the sum of all three areas. The tables below summarise themaximum possible score in each (sub)category.
6.1.1 Normal and Limited Rear Space Vehicles
Category
Dynamic Assessment
Frontal Impact
Side Impact
Vehicle Based Assessments
Gabarit Installation on all Passenger Seats
i-Size and TopTether Marking & Two or more ISO/B2 Positions, ori-Size and TopTether Marking & Two or more ISO/B2 & R3 Positions
Passenger Airbag Warning Marking and DisablingChild Presence Detection
Installation of Child Restraints
TB 012 CRS
OEM Recommended seats

Total points 49
(24)
16
8
(13)
2
2 or 34 or 24(12)
10
2

6.1.2 Two Seater Vehicles
Category
Dynamic Assessment
Frontal Impact
Side Impact
Vehicle Based Assessments
Gabarit Installation on all Passenger Seats
i-Size and TopTether Marking & One ISO/R3 Position, or
i-Size and TopTether Marking & One ISO/B2 & R3 Position
Passenger Airbag Warning Marking and DisablingChild Presence Detection
Installation of Child Restraints
TB 012 CRS
OEM Recommended seats

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Total points 49
(24)
16
8
(13)
2
2 or 34 or 2
4
(12)
10
2

20

6.2

Visualisation

6.2.1 Dynamic protection
The dynamic protection provided to children for each body region is presented visually using
coloured segments within body outlines. The colour used is based on the points awarded for thatbody region (rounded to three decimal places), as follows:
Number of points available for body region:
Green‘Good’
Yellow‘Adequate’
Orange‘Marginal’
Brown‘Weak’
Red‘Poor’

4 points
4.000
2.670 – 3.999
1.330 – 2.669
0.001 – 1.329
0.000

2 points
2.000
1.335 – 1.999
0.665 – 1.334
0.001 – 0.664
0.000

1 point
1.000
0.667 – 0.999
0.333 – 0.666
0.001 – 0.332
0.000

6.2.2 TB 012 CRS installation
The results of the CRS installation check will be shown in terms of “Pass”, “P Fail”, “Fail”,“Exempt” or “N/A” in tabular format.
6.2.3 Visualisation of CRS installation.
The website will present the installation results of each CRS in a map of the vehicle. The CRS
will be anonymised and given a generic description containing the stature and attachment
method. Four possible outcomes will be presented to indicate the following:
Install without problem
The CRS could be installed on that seating position safely, easily and without any issues.
Safety critical problem
The CRS could not be installed on that seating position. Issues arose that prevented the CRS
from being installed correctly and safely.
Install with care
The CRS could be installed on that seating position but it could not be done easily and without
problems. The vehicle may not be on the list of approved vehicle for that particular CRS.
Installation prohibited - Where X is in handbook –It is prohibited to install a CRS on this seating position. The vehicle handbook indicated X forthat particular seating position or the CRS approved vehicle list indicated that a belt or ISOFIX
attached CRS with support leg cannot be installed on that position. Also, indicates there are no
ISOFIX/i-Size positions fitted to that seating position.

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