Guidelines for the Management of Basic
On--site Domestic Wastewater Services
Onー Presentation for the Activities of ISO/TC224/WG8
ISO/TC224/WG8

XINBI YANG
Japan Education Center of Environmental Sanitation

Background(1/2) Water Services in Developing Countries Millennium Development Goals
Targetg 7.C:Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population
without sustainable access to safe drinking
g waterand basic sanitation⇒Over 240,000 people a day gained access toimproved sanitation facilities from 1990 to 2011.
⇒Despite progress, 2.5 billion in developingcountries still lack access to improved sanitationSource: UN Website
facilities

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Workshop on On‐site Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Background(2/2) Water Services in Developing Countries• Lack of Knowledge/systems of Management Lack of knowledge on appropriate treatment of sanitary
waste (i.e. black water and/or gray water)
 Lack of systems for maintenance and desludging
 Lack of training system for technicians LackL k off education
dti forf users3

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Workshop on On‐site Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Development of ISO/TC224/WG8 (1/4)• Kenya proposal for a new TC“Domestic and Communal Wastewater Sanitation”
KEBS, ISO/TS/P216, 2010.09
Scope Standardization
St d di ti ini theth fieldfi ld off domestic
dti andd communall
wastewater sanitation
 Including but not limited to amenities for the safe
disposal of human waste and gray water (e.g. septictanks, eco-sanitation, dry toilets, etc.)
 Including treatment of the waste and sanitation
during emergency situation by natural disasters.
 Excluding municipal and industrial wastewater Result of voting (Jan. 2011):
7 approvals, 5 disapprovals and 5 abstentions⇒ rejected
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Workshop on On‐site Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Development of ISO/TC224/WG8 (2/4)• Kenya proposal for a new TC (2010.09)“Domestic and Communal Wastewater Sanitation”
Issues arising Scope: requires to be clarified to avoid risk of duplication
 Definition of terminologies: domestic wastewater, onsite
versus offsite, low technology etc.
 Clearly check for overlaps: ISO/TC 224 (ISO 24510,24511 24512)
24511,24512), ISO/TC 253
253, EN 12566 series of CEN/TC165, statutes of Finland, 542/2003)
 Methods and technologies vary widely depending on
geographical, economic and socio-cultural orientation.

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Workshop on On‐site Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Development of ISO/TC224/WG8 (3/4)• New WG under ISO/TC224 (2011.05)“On-site Domestic Wastewater Management
gUsinggLow Technology”
 Date: 8th plenary meeting of ISO/TC224, 2011.05.20
 Ref No. ISO/TC224 N497
・Resolution 2011/05: the need to address the subject
under ISO/TC224,ISO/TC224 adopted unanimously
・Resolution 2011/06: new WG8 to be opened. To write
a supplement to ISO 24511
・Convenorship: Kenya & Austria
・Secretariat: KEBS
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Workshop on On‐site Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Development of ISO/TC224/WG8 (4/4)• Structure of the ISO/TC224“Service activities relating to drinking water supply systems andwastewater systems - Quality
l criteria off theh service andd performancefindicators"
WG 01 "Terminology“
WG 02 “Services to users” (Closed) ⇒ISO 24510 ✔
WG 03 “DrinkingDrinking waterwater”(Closed) ⇒ISO 24512 ✔
WG 04 “Wastewater”(Closed) ⇒ISO 24511 ✔
WG 05 "Examples of the application of 2451X Standards”
WG 06 "Asset management“
WG 07 "Crisis management of water utilities"
WG 08 "Onsite domestic wastewater management
g
using
g
low technologies" WG 09 "Decision support systems" Functions









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Workshop on On‐site Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Activities of the WG8
 1st Meeting (Nairobi, 2011.11)✔Launch of GW8,, TGs✔Discussion on the Title and the Scope 2nd Meeting (Vienna, 2012.06)✔ Making Contents of the WD

 3rd Meeting (Lisbon,(Lisbon 2013.02)
2013 02)✔ 1st reading of the WD, discussing and disposal of
the comments submitted from WG8 members

 4th Meeting (Nairobi, 2013.10)✔ Restart to make an ISO standard (ISO 24521)✔ Amendment of the Title and the Scope✔ 2nd reading of the WD, discussing and disposal of
the comments submitted from WG8 members
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Workshop on On‐site Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Contents of WG8 Document (1/15)
 Title“Guidelines for the Management of Basic On-siteDomestic Wastewater Services”

Different types of basic on-site domestic wastewater systems
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Workshop on On‐site Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Contents of WG8 Document (2/15)
 Scope These ISO guidelines are applicable to publicly andprivately operated sanitary (black and grey water)
basic on-site domestic wastewater services, for one
or more dwellings
d lli
but
b t dod nott favorfany particularti loperational model.
NOTE 1
Management of on-site domestic wastewater, especially in rural areas/areas under development is sometimes provided by the owners of thepremises where wastewater is generated.
generated In such cases the owners of thepremises execute the management of domestic wastewater by themselves.
Therefore, the term “services” in these ISO guidelines includes also “selfpservices” of the owners of the premises.

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Workshop on On‐site Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Contents of WG8 Document (3/15)
 Scope These ISO guidelines provide guidance for themanagement of basic on-site domestic wastewater
services using technologies in their entirety at any leveloff ddevelopment,
lt as applicable.
li bl These ISO guidelines are supplement of ISO 24511 and24510, as applicable.

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Workshop on On‐site Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Contents of WG8 Document (4/15)
 Scope These ISO guidelines include-guidelines for the management of basic on-site
domestic wastewater services from the operator's
perspective including maintenance techniques, trainingof personnel and risk considerations;-guidelines for the management of basic on-site
domestic wastewater services from the users’
perspective;-advises for design and construction of basic on-site
domestic wastewater systems (see annexes);-guidelines for the education of the user and operator ofbasicc obason-sites te dodomestic
est c wastewateraste ate systesystems.
s

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Workshop on On‐site Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Contents of WG8 Document (5/15)
 New terms and definitions
 2.54 Basic Service ⇒ to be created 2.55 Clustered On-site Systems:
 2.56 Collection - Storage - Treatment
 2.57 Disposal - Reuse 2.58
2 58 Excreta
 2.59 Functional Group 2.60 Land Treatment,,
 2.61 Technologies
 2.62 Transportation
 2.63 User Interface
 2.64 Wetland

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Workshop on On‐site Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Contents of WG8 Document (6/15)
 Basic on-site domestic wastewater systems
 Basic on-site domestic wastewater systems generallycomprise:-user interface,collection and transport
pof sanitaryy waste/wastewater/and residues removed from wastewater,
treatment of sanitary waste/wastewater and residues
removed from wastewater, anddisposal/reuse of residues.

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Workshop on On‐site Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Contents of WG8 Document (7/15)
 User interfacese.g.
g- simple ventilated/unventilated pit latrine;- dry toilet( including Urine diverting dry toilet,
composting toilet and other basic dry toilet models andtheir variations)- pour flush toilet- waterless urinal- cistern flush toilet- Fossa Alterna- washing facilities, e.g. grey water sink
- soakaway, e.g. for grey water.

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Workshop on On‐site Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Contents of WG8 Document (8/15)
 Collectione.g.
g-above ground tank (Jerrycan/ other tank)underground tank (drum/vaults/chambers);
human-powered emptying;motorized (pump or vacuum) emptying;transfer station (underground holding tank)

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Workshop on On‐site Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Contents of WG8 Document (9/15)
 Transportation
Transportation may be by way of carts, tricycles, trucks,vacuum tankers
NOTE:
When water is used, conventional drainage systems (gravity sewers),
andd non-conventionaltil drainage
d isystemst(settled( ttl d sewage or simplified
i lifi dsewer systems) may be applicable.

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Workshop on On‐site Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Contents of WG8 Document (10/15)
 Treatment
Technologiesgprimarily
py for the treatment of wastewater:-

ventilated improved pit latrine-

pour flush latrine-

dry toilet (including Urine diverting dry toilet,
toilet composting toilet andother basic dry toilet models and their variations)-

septic tank with one or more compartments-

septic tank system with adequate filtration, if discharged-

ponds (anaerobic, facultative, aerobic, maturation)-

constructed wetland-

land treatment (slow filtration, rapid filtration and overland flow)-

biological treatment units, based usually on attached growth( h as trickling(suchi kli filtersfilor rotatingi biologicalbi l i l contractors)) or suspended
d dgrowth biological processes, such as low-rate activated sludge-

upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB)

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Workshop on On‐site Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Contents of WG8 Document (11/15)
 TreatmentTechnologies
gprimarilypy for the treatment of sludge:g-

Sedimentation/thickening ponds-

Unplanted drying beds-

Planted drying beds-

Co-composting (where composting is required with otheravailable organic waste)-

Anaerobic biogas reactor

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Workshop on On‐site Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Contents of WG8 Document (12/15)
 Disposal /reuse
Some examples
pof disposal/reuse
p/of wastewater sub-products
pmay include:- Irrigation- Effluent
Effl
didisposall- Land application

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Workshop on On‐site Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Contents of WG8 Document (13/15)
 Management components of basic on-sitewastewater systems
 Management components of basic on-site domestic
wastewater systems comprise:i-Activities and process management
Human resources management
Financial resources management
Management of assets
Customer relation management
Information management, andRisk management

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Workshop on On‐site Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Contents of WG8 Document (14/15)
 Guideline for management of basic on-sitewastewater systems
 Contents of the guideline comprises:- General- Organization- Planning and construction- Operation and maintenance・Operation
p・Maintenance・Implementation and operation of collection
・Implementation and operation of transportation-Education

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Workshop on On‐site Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Contents of WG8 Document (15/15)
 Guideline for management of basic on-sitewastewater systems
 Contents of the guideline comprises:- General- Organization- Planning and construction- Operation and maintenance・Operationp・Maintenance・Implementation and operation of collection
・Implementation and operation of transportation-Education

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Workshop on On‐site Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Road Map to WG8 Document
Schedule of ISO 24521 by ISO/IEC Directives
00.00

10.00

36
6 monthss

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

• Preliminary stage

Started on Nov. 2011

• Proposal stage

Proposed on Oct. 2013 with WD• Preparatory stage

Passed• Committee stage

Registered as CD, Nov. 2013

• Enquiry stage(??)• Approval stage(??)•Publication stage

Published as ISO 24521, Dec. 2016

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Workshop on On‐site Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

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Workshop on On‐site Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia