THE KINGDOM OF THAILAND
UPDATED INFORMATION PROVIDED IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 7, PARAGRAPH 2 OF
THE CONVENTION ON THE PROHIBITION OF THE USE, STOCKPILING,
PRODUCTION AND TRANSFER OF ANTI-PERSONNEL MINES AND ON THEIR DESTRUCTIONSUBMITTED ON 5 JUNE 2024
COVERING THE PERIOD OF 1 JANUARY 2023 TO 31 DECEMBER 2023-------------------------------------------------1. National implementation Measures
No additional legal, administrative or other measures were taken during the previous calendar year to prevent and suppress any activity
prohibited under the Convention.
2. Stockpiled anti-personnel mines
On 24 April 2003, Thailand destroyed all anti-personnel mines in its stockpile. Therefore, there has been no additional measures takenon this matter.
3. Anti-personnel mines retained or transferred for permitted purposes
Thailand disposed all 3,133 anti-personnel mines, retained for training and research purposes as permitted under the Convention, in 2019.

2

4. Areas known or suspected to contain anti-personnel mines
In 2023, Thailand entered the third year of Phase 2 (2021 – 2023) of its Updated Work Plan during the 2nd Extension period. During
this Phase, the focus has shifted from the Non-Technical Survey (NTS) conducted in Phase 1 (2019 – 2020) towards Technical Survey (TS)and Clearance in CHAs identified in Phase 1.
On 1 January 2023, Thailand had 110 Confirmed Hazardous Areas (CHAs) (18,137,899 sq.m.) and 31 Suspected Hazardous Areas(SHA) (11,560,616 sq.m.), covering 6 provinces. During 2023, Thailand discovered an additional 850,122 sq.m. of CHAs in Si Sa ket.
Therefore, the total area of SHAs and CHAs left to be released in 2023 in Thailand was 30,548,637 sq.m.
For 2023, Thailand planned to release a total area covering 9,233,724 sq.m. At the end of 2023, Thailand was able to release 8,763,087
sq.m. of mine contaminated areas, through Land Release operations conducted in 4 provinces (Table 4-1 and Annex I). The total area released
accounted for 94.90% of its 2023 goal. The shortfalls were mainly due to challenges in gaining access to areas along the border between
Thailand and Cambodia, as the Thai deminers were requested to halt their operations on five separate occasions, as well as geographicalchallenges. During Thailand’s humanitarian mine action efforts in 2023, a total of 15,085 anti-personnel mines and 341 UXOs were recovered.
As of 31 December 2023, there are 21,785,550 sq.m. remaining to be cleared, divided into 85 Confirmed Hazardous Areas (CHAs)(13,384,835 sq.m.), and 11 Suspected Hazardous Areas (SHAs) (8,400,715 sq.m.), covering 6 provinces (Ubon Ratchathani, Si Sa Ket,
Surin, Buri Ram, Sa Kaeo and Trat), (Table 4-2 and Annex II).
During November 2023-October 2024, Thailand plans to release a total area covering 7,308,874 sq.m. of mine contaminatedareas, with 2,134,646 sq.m. of SHAs and 5,174,228 sq.m of CHAs (Table 4-3 and Annex II), through the Land Release process, with TS andClearance method. As the deminers have faced difficulties in accessing the rest of the remaining CHAs/SHAs along the border between
Thailand and Cambodia, Thailand expects to enhance cooperation with Cambodia in order to gain access to the remaining areas, which willallow Thailand to achieve its mine-free goal. Realizing that the goal could not have been met by the previous deadline, Thailand submitted its
3rd extension request for the Article 5 deadline, which has been approved by the 20th Meeting of States Parties to the Convention (20MSP) in
November 2022. Thus, the current deadline of Thailand to clear all the landmines is at the end of 2026.

3

Table 4-1: Summary of areas released and devices, 1 January - 31 December 2023 (Detail in Annex I)
Province
District
Cancelled
Reduced area Cleared area
Total area
Number ofarea (square(square(squarereleased
antimeters)
meters)meters)(squarepersonnel
meters)mine
destroyed
Si Sa ket

Surin

Ubon
Ratchathani

Trat
Sa KaeoMae Hong
Son
Chiang Mai
Chiang Rai
Nan

Number of
explosive
items
destroyed

Number ofareas released

Khum Han

0770,747

104,671875,418

770

123

5

Kanthalarak

1,529

538,886

152,220692,635

4,358

132

20

Subtotal

1,529

1,309,633

256,891

1,568,053

5,128

255

25

Kap Choeng
Phnom Dong
Rak
Subtotal

0172,325

30,577

202,902

2,802

0

1

0
0

21,921
194,246

030,577

21,921
224,823

0
2,802

0
0

1
2

Bun Tharik
Na Chaluai
Subtotal
Khlong Yai
Subtotal

266,452
266,452
124,721
124,721-1,470,754
2,427,475
3,898,229
2,420,195
2,420,195-

86,27870,839157,117
103,497
103,497-

1,557,032
2,764,766
4,321,798
2,648,413
2,648,413
-

1,188
660
1,848
5,254
5,254
36

23
1
24
7
7
35

9
9
18
8
8
-

Out of area (EOD
Spot Task)
Out of area (EOD
Spot Task)
Out of area (EOD
Spot Task)
Out of area (EOD
Spot Task)

-

-

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

4

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

17

14

-

Grand Total

392,7027,822,303

548,082

15,085341

53

Out of area (EOD
Spot Task)

8,763,087

4

Table 4-2: Summary of SHAs as of 31 December 2023 (Detail in Annex II)
RegionProvince
District
NumberNumber ofof areas
areas
known to suspected tocontaincontainantiantipersonnel personnel
mines
mines
Northeastern 1. Ubon Ratchathani
Nam Yuen
30
All districts
30
2. Si Sa ket
Phu Sing
140Kanthalarak
15
2
Khun Han
60
All districts
35
2
3. Surin
Kap Choeng
11
1
Phnom Dong
Rak
30
Buachet10Sang Kha
60
All districts
21
1
4. Buri-Ram
Ban Kruat
10Lahan Sai
40
All districts
50
Eastern
5. Sa Kaeo
Ta Phraya
2
4
Khok Sung
02
Aranyaprathet
02
6. Trat

All provinces

All districts
Khlong Yai
Mueang Trat
All districts

2
6
13
19
85

8
0
0
0
11

Total Number
Amount ofAmount of
Total Amountof areas
areas known
areasof areas known
known orto containsuspected to or suspected tosuspected to
anticontain anticontain anticontain antipersonnel
personnel
personnel mines
personnel
mines (Sq.m) mines (Sq.m)(Sq.m)mines
3
587,1210587,1213
587,1210587,12114
1,310,774
0
1,310,774
17
1,463,814
1,793,853
3,257,667
9
1,214,107
01,214,107
37
3,876,098
1,793,853
5,669,951
12
1,483,149
1,072,000
2,555,149
3
1
6
22
1
4
5
6
2
2

978,949
35,300640,128
3,137,526
158,403108,872
267,275
343,382000001,072,0000001,806,441
1,287,705
2,440,716

978,949
35,300640,128
4,209,526
158,403108,872
267,275
2,149,823
1,287,705
2,440,716

10
6
13
19
96

343,382
2,390,538
2,782,895
5,173,433
13,384,835

5,534,8620008,400,715

5,878,244
2,390,538
2,782,865
5,173,433
21,785,550

5Table 4-3: Summary of projections for the number of areas and the amount of area (square metres) known or suspected to contain anti-personnel
mines to be released in 2023 (as of 31 December 2023).
Region
Northeast

East

Province
Buri RamSurin
Si Sa ket
Ubon Ratchathani
Total
Sa Kaeo
Trat
Total
Grand Total

Contaminated Area (Sq.m.)

Goal 2024 (Sq.m.)SHA

01,072,000
1,793,853
02,865,853
5,534,862
0
5,534,862

CHA
267,275
3,137,526
3,876,098
587,121
7,868,020
343,382
5,173,433
5,516,815

Total
267,275
4,209,526
5,669,951
587,121
10,733,873
5,878,244
5,173,433
11,051,677

SHA

0
0
0
0
0
2,134,646
02,134,646

CHA
267,275
816,602
1,735,077
02,818,954
02,355,274
2,355,274

Total
267,275
816,602
1,735,077
02,818,954
2,134,646
2.355,274
4,489,920

8,400,715

13,384,835

21,785,550

2,134,646

5,174,228

7,308,874

Challenges Towards Thailand’s Mine Action Operations
Thailand has made gradual progress in its mine action operations in 2023. Despite the shortfalls from the projection, progress wasmade amidst challenges, including access to the areas with high level of contamination and challenging geographical landscape, and the issue
concerning accessing the areas along the border with Cambodia.
High Level of Contamination and Challenging Geographical Landscape
At the final stage of the mine action operations, Thailand Mine Action Center (TMAC) faced high level of contamination of landmines.
The conditions and location of mines buried under the ground have been altered through time. Such conditions mean that additional time andresources are required for the demining operations.
In response, TMAC reorganized the field team composition to comprise TMAC personnel, TS and clearance. NGOs, such as theNorwegian People's Aid and the Thai Civilian Deminer Association, were also advised to shift their focus and restructure to be TS oriented. In
addition, Thailand is also revising and updating both NMAS and SOPs to be in line with IMAS. The revision will allow a safer and more
efficient operation.

6

Pictures : Areas highly contaminated by landmines.

Pictures: Landmines covered by tree roots further complicated the operations

7

Pictures: Difficult terrain and bad weather conditions.

Pictures: Additional equipment and support for the operations.

8

Access to the Mine Contaminated Areas Along the Border: Most of Thailand’s SHAs and CHAs subject to be released in 2023 aresituated along the Thai-Cambodian border. Thailand and Cambodia are currently in the process of conducting survey and demarcation of landboundary in accordance with the Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Kingdom of Thailand and the Government of
the Kingdom of Cambodia on the Survey and Demarcation of Land Boundary, dated 16 June 2000 (“the MOU”). As Thailand’s demining
operations move onward, the operations have become increasingly closer to the areas to be surveyed and demarcated under the MOU.
The Agreed Minutes of the 13th, 14th and 15th Meeting of Thailand-Cambodia General Border Committee (GBC) state that “All demining operations along the border areas between Thailand and Cambodia shall be without prejudice to the rights of Thailand and Cambodia
with regard to the land boundary under international law.”
In 2023, however, Thailand was requested to halt the demining operations on five separate occasions in the following areas: CHA 43801/02 (Si Sa Ket), CHA 428-06/04(Si Sa Ket), CHA 431-03/01(Si Sa Ket), CHA 428-06/01(Si Sa Ket), and CHA 437-03/01 (Si Sa Ket).
These areas were the same coded areas, in which Thai deminers have been requested to stop the operations in 2021.These incidents
have delayed the process of humanitarian demining operations along Thailand-Cambodia border.
In this regard, Thailand reaffirms that its humanitarian mine action operations will be carried out solely for humanitarian purposes inaccordance with its obligations under Article 5 of the Convention, and that such operations shall be without prejudice to the rights of both parties
with regard to the land boundary under the MOU. Thailand will continue to work with the Cambodian side on this issue, as stipulated in its
third extension request.
At the end of 2023, there had been various positive development in Thai-Cambodia demining cooperation including the dialogue
among the relevant authorities of Thailand and Cambodia regarding Thailand’s proposal on a new joint project, as well as the consultation
between the Prime Ministers of the two countries during the official visit of Thai Prime Minister to Cambodia where both Prime Ministers
concurred to promote border development through expediting humanitarian demining along their border areas to ensure safety of the people
and pave the way for development of these areas. The details on Thailand-Cambodia cooperation can be found on page 24-27.
Pictures : Cambodian officials negotiate with Thai officials on the request to stop operations because there was still no clarity on the boundary.

9

Progress Made During Thailand’s 2 Extension Periodnda. Progress made in relation to the commitments contained in Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the Work Plan contained in Thailand
request;Thailand has made progress in its demining operations with reference to the updated Work Plan submitted in 2019. In 2019, Thailand
initially planned to release 120,847,688 sq.m. However, the operations were able to cancel the total area of 128,442,103 sq.m., while
13,594,778 sq.m. and 95,278 sq.m. were reduced and cleared respectively. In 2020, Thailand was able to further release 8,763,087 sq.m.
(392,702 sq.m. were cancelled, 7,822,303 sq.m. were reduced, and 548,082 sq.m. were cleared). Again, the result exceeded the originalplan to release 148,188,388 sq.m in 2020. From 2019 – 2020, Thailand was able to release 299,202,605 sq.m. in total which is 111% of
the initial plan – resulting in the declaration of four additional mine-free provinces.
By the end of 2021, Thailand was able to release 23,114,663 sq.m. of SHAs and CHAs out of the revised plan of 30,584,267 sq.m..15,085
AP mines, and 341 UXOs were recovered. By the end of 2021, Thailand was left with 40,026,420 sq.m. of mine contaminated areas,
covering 18 districts in 7 provinces, namely Sa Kaeo, Trat, Buri Ram, Surin, Si Sa Ket, Ubon Ratchathani and Phitsanulok to bereleased.
In 2022, Thailand was able to release 10,391,903 sq.m. of mine contaminated areas, and declare Phitsanulok mine-free. The total areas
released accounted for 59.77% of Thailand’s goal in 2022 (17,386,841 sq.m.), which has been revised from the Updated Work Plan
submitted in 2019 in accordance with the change in circumstances. With the above-mentioned challenges, by the end of 2022, Thailand
was left with 29,698,515 sq.m. of mine contaminated areas, covering 6 provinces, namely Sa Kaeo, Trat, Buri Ram, Surin, Si Sa Ket
and Ubon Ratchathani to be released.
In 2023, Thailand was able to release 8,763,087 sq.m. of mine contaminated areas. The total area released accounted for 94.90% of its
2023 goal which has been revised from the Updated Work Plan submitted in 2019 in accordance with the change in circumstances.
With the above-mentioned challenges, by the end of 2023, Thailand was left with 21,785,550 sq.m. or 85 Confirmed Hazardous
Areas (CHAs) (13,384,835 sq.m.), and 11 Suspected Hazardous Areas (SHAs) (8,400,715 sq.m.) in 6 provinces (Ubon
Ratchathani, Si Sa Ket, Surin, Buri Ram, Sa Kaeo and Trat) remaining to be released.
b. Updates on efforts put forth during Phase 1 in preparation for Phase 2 of the Work Plan, including the progress of negotiations
in order to address Areas to be Demarcated;
Since the beginning of 2022, Thailand has been implementing Phase 2 of the Updated Work Plan with the focus shifting toward TS andClearance. The NTS activities also continued during this phase but the focus is on TS and Clearance. Previously, TMAC planned torestructure the HMAUs in Phase 2 to focus on TS and Clearance efforts, but later decided to take a different approach by focusing insteadon building capacity for its existing personnel. In 2020, personnel training programs were conducted by focusing on TS and Clearance
activities through TS/NTS training and EOD training – both conducted jointly between the US Marine Corp Forces Pacific and TMAC

10

in-house Demining Course. With this approach, while obtaining new skills, all TMAC field personnel continue to retain NTS capacity,
meaning that they all can perform all tasks which are needed in the field, namely, NTS, TS, and Clearance.
As for the progress to address the issues of the ADs, after Thailand and Cambodia has completed the “Pilot Project on Demining
Cooperation along the Border of Thailand and Cambodia” in March – April 2020, both countries were determined to use this successas the catalyst to address the challenges in the remaining ADs.
In 2021, after the delay caused by the COVID-19 situation, TMAC proposed to the Cambodian Mine Action Centre (CMAC) a new
project for cooperation between both sides on 31 August 2021. CMAC responded on 30 September 2021, indicating that CMAC
strongly welcomes and supports TMAC’s initiative. Subsequently, TMAC has proposed the areas for operations since September
2021. Once TMAC and CMAC have preliminarily agreed on the selected areas, the plan will be submitted to the Thailand-Cambodia
General Border Committee (GBC) for endorsement. Thailand has been regularly engaging in a dialogue with Cambodia to follow up
on the proposed cooperation, which will allow Thailand to operate in the ADs.
c. The outcome of the survey, including additional information obtained, may alter Thailand’s assessment vis-à-vis the remaining
operational challenges;
Since the Updated Work Plan, Thailand continues to adjust its mine action operational plan in accordance with additional information
obtained and the change in situations.
On 1 January 2023, Thailand had 110 Confirmed Hazardous Areas (CHAs) (18,137,899 sq.m.), 31 Suspected Hazardous Areas(SHA) (11,560,616 sq.m.) covering 6 provinces. During 2023, Thailand discovered an additional 850,122 sq.m. of CHAs in Si Sa ket.
Therefore, the total area of SHAs and CHAs left to be released in 2023 in Thailand was 30,548,637 sq.m.
Thailand’s plan for the third extension period, which had been presented at the 20MSP consists of 3 phases from the least difficult areas
to gain access to (Phase 1: Nov 2023 – Oct 2024) to the areas with the most complication that may require extensive consultations with
the neighboring country (Phase 3 :Nov 2025 – Dec 2026). Due to the developments in the consultations regarding access to the areas
along the border still on-going, Thailand plans to submit its updated Work Plan by 30 April 2024.
d. Updates on progress in updating the National Mine Action Standards to be in line with the latest version of IMAS and the resultsof this effort;
Currently, the revision of NMAS is under process with the assistance from the Golden West Humanitarian Foundation. It is expected to
be officially endorsed in 2025.

11

e. Resource mobilization efforts, external financial support, and resources made available by the Royal Thai Government tosupport the implementation efforts, including through the expansion of its civilian demining capacity and the results of these
effort;
The Royal Thai Government continues to provide the majority of mine action budget of more than approximately USD 7,500,000
annually. In 2023, the Royal Thai Government allocated the total sum of THB 250,639,744 (approx. USD 6,772,216.81).
f. Updates on the efforts to explore new technology to help survey the areas, which are hard to access near the borders, and theresults of these efforts;
Since 2022, Thailand has started utilizing the drone technology (UAV), which is useful for the deminers and personnel working on the
ground to conduct survey and operational planning.
Under the cooperation with the U.S., on 1 February 2023, TMAC received 2 Bearcat wood chippers and 2 Rambo ATVs fromMARFORPAC in Surin, Thailand. Thai personnel were also trained on how to use the new equipment by the U.S.’s team.
g. Updates on the efforts to make continuous improvements in the capacity of its information management team, systems andprocesses to enable more precise information on survey and clearance operations to be collected and displayed.
Currently, TMAC uses Arc GIS Online which allows policy-makers to view and analyze the overall mine situation while allowing theoperators to effectively plan the operation. In addition, Arc GIS assists the IM unit to effectively store the necessary statistics from all
operations.
Pictures : TMAC is using Arc GIS Online

12

Mine Risk Education
Mine risk education (MRE) is one of the core pillars of humanitarian mine action, which helps prevent new accidents and save lives.
Thailand has been conducting MRE operations in a holistic manner with ongoing survey, clearance and victim assistance activities, in linewith Section VI of the Oslo Action Plan on mine risk education and reduction. The operations are planned to ensure that the most vulnerable
are kept informed of the risks and are able to continue their lives in a safe and secure manner.
Table 4-4 below shows the annual overall statistics of the MRE carried out by Thailand. TMAC, as the responsible agency, dispatches
certified MRE personnel to conduct MRE activities. These include periodic school visits, village visits, local press, and community radio
broadcast.
Table 4-4: Number of MRE Recipients in 2023
Month of 2023
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
AugustSeptember
OctoberNovember
December
TOTAL

Male

Boys
(male below 18 yrs)
9,394
242
56
26
86
13
23
54
21
255
254
208
10,632

Number of MRE Recipients
Men
5,003
159
260
299
181
362
758
302
143
203
202
480
8,352

FemaleGirls(female below 18 yrs)
13,352
284
101
43
102
1
22
37
17
286
286
191
14,722

Women
7,227
126
99
179
161
113
306
113
10
111
111
61
8,667

Monthly Total
34,976
811
516
547
530
489
1,109
506
191
855
853
940
42,323

13

Pictures: Thailand Mine Action Center’s International Day for Mine Awareness Activities

14

Pictures: Thailand Mine Action Center MRE activities.

MRE activities remained one of the core activities of TMAC in 2023. TMAC will continue its MRE activities in accordance with theOslo Action Plan Action #29
As part of the MRE activities, Thailand also continues to employ preventive measures such as posting warning signs in hazardous areas.
These signs contain descriptions in various languages, mainly Thai, English and Cambodian.
TMAC continued to utilize social media platforms to communicate with local officials, community leaders and local community. The
local group chats (via “LINE” Application) have been set up and used as a channel for awareness raising, as well as reporting on the UXOs andlandmines found in the area.

15

5.

Technical characteristics of anti-personnel mines
In 2023, Thailand did not discover new types of anti-personnel mines.

6.

Conversion or decommissioning of anti-personnel mine production facilities
This is not applicable to Thailand as Thailand does not produce anti-personnel mines.

16

7.

Victim assistanceThailand has adopted a holistic and integrated approach on victim assistance (VA). The VA measures in Thailand are comprehensive and areclosely in line with the relevant obligations under the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). The measures have also been
integrated into the broader national policies, plans and legal frameworks, as well as assistance programs for persons with disabilities in general.
Thailand’s Victim Assistance operations are in line with the Oslo Action Plan, details of which are as follows:
Table 7-1: Thailand’s Victim Assistance operations
Oslo Action Plan
Action 33: Ensure that a relevant
government entity is assigned tooversee the integration of victim
assistance into broader national
policies, plans and legal
frameworks. The assigned entity
will develop an action plan andmonitor and report on
implementation based on specific,
measurable, realistic, and timebound objectives to support mine
victims. This involves the removalof physical, social, cultural,political, attitudinal andcommunication barriers to accesssuch services; and the use of an
approach that is inclusive of gender,
age and disability and takes diverse
needs into account in planning,
implementation, monitoring andevaluation of all programmes.

Data
Thailand’s victim assistance measures have been integrated into its broader national policies, plans
and legal frameworks, with the Ministry of Social Development and Human Security (MSDHS), as
the authority in charge of the national policies and assistance programs for mine-affected victims.
The Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) and the National Institute for Emergency Medicine (NIEM),
which are responsible for providing emergency assistance and medical care, are also involved with
relevant victim assistance measures.
Thailand has put its utmost effort to lift the physical, social, cultural, political, attitudinal andcommunication barriers to access to services for mine victims. Since the majority of mine victims arefound injured in wilderness or dense forest, it is difficult for an emergency medical team to reach thescene of injury and the victims. Thailand, through the NIEM, has established the system to ensurethat the emergency teams (EMTs) can reach the victims in time and be able to transport the victims
to the hospital through alternative modes of transportation, such as the Emergency Aeromedical
Services, where rotorcraft can be utilized to carry EMTs and physicians to the scene of injury fasterthan conventional methods such as cars or on foot, which could take longer time in the wilderness. In
terms of social barriers, mine victims are usually at risk of unequal care/treatment because of theirsocio-economic status. Thailand has adopted the Universal Coverage for Emergency Patients(UCEP) policy in order to ensure that mine victims can receive necessary medical treatment free ofcharge. Thailand has ensured that mine victims, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups
will not be denied of their basic rights, regardless of their gender, age and disability, as well as theirsocio-economic, cultural or political backgrounds.

Action 34: Carry out multi-sectoral
efforts to ensure that the needs andrights of mine victims are

Thailand carries out its victim assistance efforts in a holistic and multi-sectorial approach, with thenecessary policy and legal framework in place in relation to health, education, employment
development and poverty, with an emphasis on the rights of persons with disabilities. Since 1991,

17

effectively addressed throughnational policy and legal
frameworks relating todisability, health, education,
employment, development, andpoverty reduction, in line with therelevant provisions of theConvention on the Rights of
Persons with Disabilities.

Thailand has put high priority on the quality of life of the Persons with Disabilities, especially therehabilitation of the physical impairment that limits their daily activities and accessibility to theirrights. In 1991, Thailand enacted the 1st disability law which was The Rehabilitation of Disabled
Persons Act B.E. 2534 (1991 A.D.). In 2007, the Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities Act,
B.E. 2550 (2007) was enacted to ratify the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities(CRPD). The Act focuses on the rights of persons with disabilities – it promotes their access andutilization of public facilities, welfare services and other supports from the government, as well as
promoting their acceptance and participation in social, economic and political activities, in a full andefficient manner, on an equal basis with other people in the society. Persons with disabilities also
have the rights to access to public facilities and services according to their needs. For example, basic
education is guaranteed under the law on national education and vocational rehabilitation, together
with the support from the Fund for Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities. In addition, theEmpowerment of Persons with Disabilities Act (No. 2), B.E. 2556 (2013), has established the service
centers for the persons with disabilities in 76 provinces, including Bangkok, for the purpose of
empowering persons with disabilities. Such centers enable persons with disabilities in remote areas
to have access to necessary assistance and services in accordance with the Act.
As for the implementation of the Emergency Aeromedical Services or UCEP Policy, the NIEM has
been adopting multi-sectoral approach. For example, for the Emergency Aeromedical Services,
NIEM has signed, and utilized Memorandums of Understanding with different agencies, including
the military, the police and the private sector, to request for aircraft services. For UCEP, NIEM has
been collaborating with private hospitals governmental agencies – including the National Health
Security Office and the Social Security Office (provide financial support for the UCEP program) andthe Department of Health Services (for the purpose of law enforcement in relation to private hospitals). With
additional assistance from the community volunteers, Thailand’s medical healthcare system has taken
the multi-sectorial approach to ensure that the needs and rights of mine victims are effectively addressed.
Mine victims who are considered persons with disabilities under the aforementioned legislations andwho have registered with the Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities (DEP), under
the MSDHS, are entitled to receive services and welfare benefits in accordance with the
Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities Act, B.E. 2550 (2007) and the Empowerment of Persons
with Disabilities Act (No. 2), B.E. 2556 (2013), as follows:(1) Rehabilitation services, and expenses for medical treatments, equipment cost, assistive devices
and media materials to facilitate their life adjustment in all aspects, including physical, mental,
emotional, social and behavioral aspects, as well as intellectual and learning abilities; Including
promoting accessibility to medical rights in coordination with the ministry of public health by

18

establishing One Stop Service for Persons with Disabilities in hospitals to let persons with disabilities
to register for disability ID card and reviewing disability assessment and diagnosis guidelines;(2) Education – in special educational institutes or general educational institutes or alternativeeducation or informal education, as well as access to facilities, media, services and any othereducational assistance, as appropriate;(3) Vocational rehabilitation, services, labor protection, measures for employment opportunity,
promotion of independent occupation, media services, technology facilities and any other assistanceto support their work and occupation;(4) Acceptance and equal participation in social, economic and political activities in a full andefficient manner, as well as access to various facilities and services according to their needs;(5) Assistance to ensure that they have access to the policies, plans, projects, activities, development,
public services, products necessary for their livelihood, as well as legal assistance and provision oflawyers to represent in legal cases;(6) Access to information, communication, telecommunication services, information andcommunication technology, and media;(7) Access to sign language interpreters;(8) Right to bring any guiding animal, guiding tools or equipment or assistive devices with him or
her on any vehicles or in public places, and right to access public facilities without any additionalcharges or fees for such guiding animals, tools, equipment or assistive devices;(9) Welfare allowances for persons with disabilities at 800 Baht per month and 1,000 Baht per monthfor PWDs with Social Welfare card and PWDs aged under 18 years old;(10) Adjustment of housing environment with the budget of 40,000 Baht per house, as well as accessto caregivers and other welfare services.
(11) Establishing disability service centers and provide capacity building for service centerspersonnel in remote areas(12) Providing assistance to persons with disabilities during COVID-19 crisis by giving out
important information regarding how to protect oneself from the disease in remote areas, providing
1,000 and 3,000-Baht cash handouts and debt moratorium for 1 year.
The DEP also emphasizes on outreaching and raising public awareness to ensure that persons withdisabilities are well aware of their own rights. Officers from the DEP also occasionally give lectures
to the mine action personnel on the rights of persons with disabilities so that they can disseminate the19information to mine victims in the area. The assistance and coordination network with local agencies
was also established to ensure sustainable livelihood for persons with disabilities.
Action 35: Establish or strengthen a The DEP has established a database that includes information on all persons with disabilities,
centralized database that includes
including those injured by landmines. The injured mine victims who have registered as persons withinformation on persons killed bydisabilities, are categorized by types of disabilities, as follows: Visual Impairment; Hearing or
mines as well as on persons injured
Communication Impairment; Physical or Mobility Impairment; Mental or Behavioral Impairment;by mines and their needs andIntellectual Impairment; Learning Impairment and Autism. Moreover, the database on statistics ofchallenges, disaggregated by gender, persons with disabilities is disaggregated by gender, age, disability, occupation, income, and area ofage and disability, and make thisresidence, and is published online on the DEP’s website (https://ecard.dep.go.th/nep_all/stat.php).
information available to relevant
stakeholders to ensure a
The HMAU also regularly visits the villages and areas around the mine contaminated areas to makecomprehensive response tosure that the needs of victims are affectively addressed.
addressing the needs of mine victims.
According to the database of registered persons with disabilities, there are 730 cases of impairment
caused by mines. The data is shared with other government agencies, such as the Ministry of Interior –for the purpose of distribution of disability allowance, the Ministry of Public Health – for the access to
medical treatment and rehabilitation services, and the Ministry of Labour – for job training andsupport for self-employment.
Action 36: Provide effective and
The Emergency Medical Service (EMS) system is operated in all parts of the country and covers all
efficient first aid to casualties invulnerable groups. To ensure its effectiveness and efficiency, Thailand has set up standards and themine-affected communities, as well accreditation system to ensure the quality of care given by trained EMS providers, who can provide
as other medical emergency services, both basic and advanced life support. At the local level, many communities in Thailand haveand ongoing medical care.
‘volunteer units’, consisting of people in that community who have been trained to perform basic
first aid to the injured persons. When an accident happens, the Emergency Medical Responder(EMR), Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) or Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT) would arrive at the scene and transfer the patients to the definitive care if further medical
interventions are necessary. When necessary, the advance life support team can also be dispatched.
The team consists of highly trained paramedics, emergency nurse practitioners or emergency
physicians. In 2023, there were 1,467 EMS agencies with and 19,738 EMS personnel operating in
6 mine-contaminated provinces.
In preparation for transportation in case of emergency, aeromedical evacuation and the referral
system are available for critical patients free of charge, which helps to enhance chances of survival ofpatients in remote and inaccessible areas. This service is linked with ground transportation, i.e.
ambulance services in order to provide seamless care.

20

Action 37: Ensure, whereappropriate and possible, a nationalreferral mechanism to facilitate
access to services for mine victims,
including by creating anddisseminating a comprehensive
directory of services and Action 39:
Carry out efforts to ensure the socialand economic inclusion of mine
victims, such as access to education,
capacity- building, employment
referral services, microfinanceinstitutions, business development
services, rural development, andsocial protection programmes,
including in rural and remote areas.

Thailand has patient referral system between hospitals to ensure that the patients/victims are provided
necessary medical treatment at the most appropriate hospital. In addition, the Persons with
Disabilities Service Centers are established in 77 provinces across Thailand to provide services for
persons with disabilities by working with local hospitals, village health volunteers, local government
agencies and Civil Society Organizations (CSO), to provide assistance and support for persons withdisabilities, as well as ensuring that they have access to their right.
There are 3,655 service centers for persons with disabilities in Thailand (as of 19 April 2024), which
can be categorized as follows:
CSOs for Persons with Particular
Disabilities

Type of Disabilities

Number ofService
Centers

Mobility impairment 34

National Public
Authorities

Type
Provincial Public
Health Office

Local Administrations

Number of Service
Centers
Type

8Provincial
Administrative
Organizations

9

Subdistrict
Administrative
Organization

2,153

Mental impairment

15

Hospital

Hearing impairment

19

Subdistrict Health
Promoting58
Hospital

Municipal Office 991

Visual impairment

56

Special
Education
Bureau

TotalIntellectual
impairment

42

Autism34

Office of theNon- Formal andInformal
6
Education
School11

40

Others

14

240

Total

262

Multiple disabilities
Total

145

Number of Service
Centers

20

3,153

21

Action 41: Ensure the full inclusionand effective participation of mine
victims and their representative
organizations in all matters that
affect them, including in rural andremote areas.

The DEP has been working closely with the Social Development and Human Security Volunteer(SDHDV), the volunteer group from social sector who actively engage in community work andparticipate in the government’s operation in social development and human security in local
community. The SDHDV can take part in social development and human security activities by:
1. Target – Monitor: Monitoring and gathering information of the target groups, alleviating social
problems and report social situations in the community to the authorities concerned.
2. Reconnect – Recreate: Coordinating and collaborating with government authorities and the private
sector to support the implementation of the MSDHS’s mission.
3. Community Plan: Pushing forward cooperation within community in order to create theCommunity Plan, especially on issues concerning social development and human security, such as
the Community Welfare Plan.
The DEP has always been visiting mine victims in rural and remote areas to provide supports andgather first-hand information.

Table 7-2: Number of mine victims (new accidents) in Thailand in 2023
Women

Girls

Boys

Men

(female <18 yrs old)(male <18 yrs old)

Total

Killed

-

-

1

-

1

Injured

1

-

4

-

5

Total

1

-

5

-

6

Table 7-3: Accumulated number of mine victims in Thailand until December 2023 by province*
No.
1
2
3
4

Unit/Place
Chiang Rai
Chiang Mai
Mae Hong Son
Phayao

Male
30
7
3
11

Female
1
1
-

Total
31
7
4
11

Notation

22
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

18
19
20
21

Nan
Tak
Uttaradit
Phetchabun
Phitsanulok
Sa Kaeo
Chanthaburi
Trat
Buri RamSurin
Si Sa Ket
Ubon Ratchathani
Prachuap Khiri Khan
Chumphon
Yala
Loei (added in 2022)
Phrae
Total

78
35
3
33
9
174
42
50
45
46
64
50
12
2
4
1
1
700

1
3
4
5
17
5
4
2
4
7
6
60

79
38
3
37
14
191
47
54
47
50
71
56
12
2
4
1
1
760

*The number of mine victims has been adjusted to improve the accuracy of the past record
TMAC supports the relevant agencies for victim assistance by following up with the victims to ensure they receive the benefit as statedby Thai law. If the victims do not received benefits stated by laws, TMAC would coordinate with the related agencies. TMAC also assists therecipient of prosthesis by working closely with the local health authority where possible. TMAC uses the opportunity to conduct the MRE aswell as seek more information on mine contamination.
In addition to the efforts at the domestic level, Thailand has been actively supporting the international efforts on victim assistance under
the framework of the Convention. Thailand was a member of the Committee on Victim Assistance (VA) on several occasions, most recently in
2020–2021, during which Thailand chaired the Committee in 2021.

23

24

8.

Cooperation and AssistanceThailand has been actively supporting international efforts on Cooperation and Assistance under the framework of the Convention.
Thailand was a member of the Committee on the Enhancement of Cooperation and Assistance in 2022–2023, and Chair the Committee in
2023. Thailand’s cooperation activities in 2023 in accordance with the guidelines under Section VIII of Oslo Action Plan are summarized asfollows:

Thailand – Cambodia
As previously reported in the previous Article 7 reports that Thailand and Cambodia were driving the demining cooperation forward topave way for future demining cooperation along the border between the two countries. The “Pilot Project on Demining Cooperation along theBorder of Thailand and Cambodia”, which was carried out between March–April 2020 enabled the Humanitarian Mine Action Unit 1 to release
additional 95,000 sq.m. in Sa-no Noi Village, Tha-kham Subdistrict, Aranyaprathet District, Sa Kaeo Province, Thailand, while CMAC
Demining Unit 1 could release 123,810 sq.m. in Kilolekbuan Village, Psagondal Subdistrict, Poi Pet District, Banteay Meanchey Province,
Cambodia. The cooperation project was successful despite the COVID-19 pandemic situations.
After the area was released, Thailand conducted a QA and stakeholder meeting in order to comply with the relevant standards, build theconfidence for the stakeholders, and raise awareness regarding the landmine/UXOs problem along the border.
On 28 September 2023, during the official visit of His Excellency Mr. Srettha Thavisin, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Thailand,
to the Kingdom of Cambodia, the Prime Ministers of Thailand and Cambodia concurred to promote border development through expediting
humanitarian demining along the border areas of the two countries to ensure safety of the people and pave the way for development of theseareas.

Thai – Cambodian Prime Ministers Meeting on 28 September 2023

25

During 26-27 April 2023, The Director General’s Assistant of TMAC participated in the workshop on “Powerful Solutions for UXO
and Mine Detection” in Siem Reap, Cambodia, which was organized by the CMAA and Vallon GmbH, a leading provider of mine detection
technologies.

TMAC at the workshop on “Powerful Solutions for UXO and Mine Detection” in Siem Reap
During 29 May–3 June 2023, the Director General of TMAC participated in the regional workshop on “Explosive Ordnance Risk
Education (EORE) for Southeast Asia” in Sihanoukville, Cambodia.

TMAC at the workshop on “Explosive Ordnance Risk Education (EORE) for Southeast Asia” in Sihanoukville26

During 11-15 September 2023, the Director General of TMAC participated in the regional workshop on “Enhancing Innovative andSustainable Practices in Mine/UXO Action” in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

TMAC at the workshop on “Enhancing Innovative and Sustainable Practices in Mine/UXO Action” in Phnom Penh
On 11 September 2023, the Director General of TMAC paid a courtesy call on the Director General of CMAC at the CMAC’s office.
During the meeting, the Cambodian side reiterated that CMAC would be a focal point for TMAC in line with the GBC’s outcome and that incase CMAC could not solve a problem on the ground faced by Thai side, the issue should be raised within the GBC framework. Both sides
agreed to seek further cooperation through the GBC framework. The meeting also reemphasized the outcome of discussion between thePrime Ministers of both sides in 2022 that the demining operations are important to the protection of people’s safety and the demining
operations will not affect the ongoing joint survey and demarcation within the framework of JBC and their legal positions.

TMAC and CMAC meeting on 11 September 2023

27

On 13 September 2023, H.E. Mr. Cherdkiat Atthakor, Ambassador of Thailand to Cambodia, and the Director General of TMAC
paid a courtesy call on H.E. Ly Thuch, Senior Minister and the First Vice-President of CMAA to strengthen relations and discuss demining
cooperation along the border of Thailand and Cambodia. The First Vice President mentioned that the CMAA has been instructed by the
Cambodian Prime Minister to act as the main agency for coordination on the mine action and the GBC remained the main platform to seek
further cooperation between the two sides.

Team Thailand and CMAA meeting on 13 September 2023
Thailand – ASEAN
In addition to the efforts at the bilateral level, Thailand sees the benefits of strengthening cooperation in the regional framework of
ASEAN Regional Mine Action Centre (ARMAC). In the past years, ARMAC has prioritized regional cooperation, resource mobilization,
strengthening gender equality and empowerment, and strengthening institutional and staff capacities in the region through their on-goingprojects. Thailand’s priority is to include action-oriented cooperation in mine action efforts, including more projects targeting international
cooperation through workshops and sharing of best practices with relevant stakeholders, under the Work Plan of ARMAC for 2022-2024.
Thailand has also made an effort to push forward the proposal to establish the Guidelines and Action Plan for mine clearance
operations in ASEAN, which could be a starting point for the cooperation on mine action efforts among the ASEAN Member States,
especially along the border areas. As proposed by Thailand under ARMAC, the technical working group, comprising the NPA, theInternational Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), as well as the ASEAN Member States, was established for the drafting of the documents.
With such Guidelines and Action Plan in place, Thailand aims to work towards turning these two documents into concrete actions throughthe implementation of pilot projects between interested ASEAN Member States.
Recently, Thailand has agreed to contribute a total of 30,000 USD. for 3 budget years (2024-2026) to ARMAC. Thailand continues
to participate in various workshops and meetings organized under the ASEAN framework. This includes Thailand’s participation in theSteering Committee of ASEAN Regional Mine Action Center (ARMAC) and other activities under the ARMAC framework as follows;28

During 13-24 February 2023, TMAC participated in the Mine Action Managers Course for Southeast Asia co-organized by ARMAC andthe Geneva International Center for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD) at the Engineering School, Panurangsi Camp, Ratchaburi Province,
Thailand.

Mine Action Managers Course for Southeast Asia during 13-24 February 2023
During 21-24 February 2023, TMAC’s representatives participated in the Demining Training of the ADMM-Plus Experts’ Working
Group on Humanitarian Mine Action via video teleconference at TMAC Conference Room.

Demining Training of the ADMM-Plus Experts’ Working Group on Humanitarian Mine Action during 21-24 February 2023

29

During 28-31 March 2023, the Director General of TMAC and his delegation attended the Regional Conference on Mine Action for
Sustainable Peace and Development, exchanging regional experiences and world-class innovations in mine action in Hanoi, Vietnam.

Regional Conference on Mine Action for Sustainable Peace and Development during 28-31 March 2023
During 24-29 April 2023, the Director General’s Assistant of TMAC and his delegation attended the 12th ADMM-Plus Experts'
Working Group on Humanitarian Mine Action meeting in Nanjing, China.

The 12th ADMM-Plus Experts' Working Group on Humanitarian Mine Action meeting during 24-29 April 2023

30

During 8-11 May 2023, the Deputy Director General of TMAC and his delegation attended the Regional Information Management
System for Mine Action (IMSMA) Core Workshop in Hanoi, Vietnam.

The Regional Information Management System for Mine Action (IMSMA) Core Workshop during 8-11 May 2023
During 21-27 May 2023, the Director General’s Assistant of TMAC and his delegation attended the Regional Southeast Asia
Workshop on Risk Management and Liability in Land Release and the Management of Residual Contamination in Hanoi, Vietnam.

The Regional Southeast Asia Workshop on Risk Management and Liability in Land Release and the Management ofResidual Contamination during 21-27 May 2023

31

During 6-10 September 2023, the Director General’s Assistant of TMAC attended the High-Level Dialogue (HLD) to promote
cooperation and resource mobilization for mine action in ASEAN in Nanjing, China.

The High-Level Dialogue (HLD) to promote cooperation and resource mobilization for mine action in ASEAN
during 6-10 September 2023
During 30 October - 3 November 2023, the Deputy Director General of TMAC and his delegation attended the NCT APAC 2023
meeting in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

The NCT APAC 2023 meeting during 30 October - 3 November 2023

32

During 26 November - 9 December 2023, TMAC’s delegates attended the Regional Land Release Training Course for Southeast Asia
in Luang Prabang, Laos.

The Regional Land Release Training Course for Southeast Asia during 26 November - 9 December 2023
During 12-15 December 2023, the Director General of TMAC and his delegation attended the 13th ADMM-Plus Experts' Working
Group on Humanitarian Mine Action meeting and handed over the co-chairmanship in Nanjing, China.

The 13th ADMM-Plus Experts' Working Group on Humanitarian Mine Action meeting during 12-15 December 2023

33

On 14 December 2023, TMAC’s delegates took part in the regional training course on “Linking Mine Action and the 2030
Sustainable Development Agenda” co-organized by ARMAC and GICHD via video teleconference at TMAC Conference Room.

The regional training on “Linking Mine Action and the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda” on 14 December 2023
Thailand - the United States
The United States continues to support Thailand through the US Indo-Pacific Command (USINDOPACOM) and the Humanitarian
Demining Research and Development Program (HD R&D), and the Golden West Humanitarian Foundation (GWHF). The USINDOPACOM
provides capacity building support through training programs tailored to the TMAC’s mission, including the IMAS EOD Levels 1-3
training, and a course focusing on Technical Survey took place in 2023. In addition, the USINDOPACOM Team assisted the TMAC
Demining Training Center in the review of the EOD Level One and Two courses’ training materials and to develop a new course specificallydesigned for team leaders of the Humanitarian Mine Action Unit.
HD R&D continues its support of the MineWolf program and has expanded its support through partnered efforts with
USINDOPACOM. This partnership enabled the donation and the delivery of two BEARCAT and RAMBO systems, which are due to arrivein 2023.
Furthermore, the GWHF continues to provide technical advisory support, which includes the review of the draft National Mine
Action Standards and the draft Standard Operating Procedures for the coordination between TMAC and INDOPACOM training teams toensure smooth operations. The GWHF also serves as full-time EOD Technical Advisors and Mentors to the TMAC’s operational teams. The
GWHF’s efforts complement and reinforce the IMAS EOD training provided by USINDOPACOM and support the application of two mobile
bomb cutting systems and binary explosives to dispose of landmines/ERW more effectively. Thirty-three TMAC EOD Level Three personnel
have participated in the GWHF’s technical advisory programs.
In 2023, Thailand received 20 Mine Detectors (Minelab F3) from the United States, worth approximately USD 92,375.
In 2023, Thailand and the US. conducted Humanitarian Mine Action Exercise: HMA EX and other activities as follows;34

During 7 January – 27 February 2023, Thailand and the U.S. conducted a joint training on CHAs management in Ratchaburi,
Thailand with 23 trainees and 7 trainers from both sides.

Joint training on CHAs management during 7 January – 27 February 2023
During 24 February – 10 March 2023, Thailand and the U.S. held Bilateral Explosive Ordnance Reduction Event: BEOR in Surin,
Thailand with 50 trainees from both sides.

Bilateral Explosive Ordnance Reduction Event: BEOR during 24 February – 10 March 2023

35

During 3 June – 1 July 2023, Thailand and the U.S. conducted a training on Explosive Ordnance Disposal: EOD level 3 in Ratchaburi
and Surin, Thailand with 10 trainees and 13 trainers from both sides.

A training on Explosive Ordnance Disposal: EOD level 3 during 3 June – 1 July 2023
During 4-22 September 2023, Thailand and the U.S. conducted HMAU Leader Course in Ratchaburi, Thailand with 30 trainees and
10 trainers from both sides.

HMAU Leader Course during 4-22 September 2023

36

On 1 February 2023, the Director General of TMAC received 2 Bearcat wood chippers and 2 Rambo ATVs from MARFORPAC in
Surin, Thailand. Thai personnel were also trained on how to use the new equipment by the U.S.’s team.

TMAC received 2 Bearcat wood chippers and 2 Rambo ATVs from MARFORP
During 27 February – 3 March 2023, TMAC’s representatives participated in the training course on strategic emergency care for the
injured conducted by the U.S.’s team in Bangkok, Thailand.

The training course on strategic emergency care for the injured during 27 February – 3 March 2023

37

On 3 May 2023, TMAC welcomed the delegation of Humanitarian Demining Research and Development Program: HD R&D at the
TMAC’s office. Both sides discussed the use of the machines that the latter provided to TMAC.

HD R&D’s visit to TMAC HQ on 3 May 2023

During 22-27 May 2023, TMAC and the U.S.’s side conducted a joint exercise on special technique to destroy landmines in a bid toequip the operators with high-level demining skill.

A joint exercise on special technique to destroy landmines during 22-27 May 2023

38

On 8 December 2023, the Director General of TMAC welcomed the representatives of MARFORPAC and the Golden West
Humanitarian Foundation (GWHF) at the TMAC’s office. The meeting discussed about further cooperation between both sides.

MARFORPAC and GWHF’s visit to TMAC HQ on 8 December 2023
Thailand - Norway
The Norwegian Government continues to support Thailand through the Norwegian People’s Aid (NPA). The NPA assists
TMAC in their technical survey operations and gives technical advisory support to TMAC. NPA assists TMAC in the utilization oftools for effective demining operations, including manual deminers, mine detection dogs and mechanical survey and clearance.
Pictures: Support from the Norwegian Government through the Norwegian People’s Aid

The Norwegian Embassy’s visit to TMAC HQ39

NPA’s activities in support of TMAC’s operations

Thailand – Japan
Japan supports Thailand’s mine operations through the funding of the Thai Civilian Deminer Association (TDA), an NGO
operating in Thailand. In 2022, the TDA and MFA submitted a proposal on the “Project to Assist Thailand in Fulfilling its Clearance
Obligation under the Mine Ban Treaty (PATOM Phase 2) and Vocational Training Programme for Mekong Region Communities
Affected by Landmines (VTMRAL): PATOM Phase 2-VTMRAL” to the ASEAN Secretariat for funding from the Japanese
Government through the Japan-ASEAN Integration Fund (JAIF). The project is due to start in 2023. Japan has approved funding for
TDA from June 2023 to present.

40

Pictures: Support from Japan and the Thai Civilian Deminer Association (TDA)

Thailand – Stakeholders and other activities in 2023
Pictures: Cooperation between Thailand and other stakeholders as well as other activities in 2023

GICHD’s visit to TMAC HQ during 27-30 March 2023

41

TMAC’s participation in the 2nd International Conference on Mine Action – The Path to Reaching
Sustainable Development Goals during 23-28 May 2023 in Azerbaijan

TMAC’s online meeting with GICHD on mine risk awareness and risk education on 14 June 2023

42

TMAC’s participation at the ISM and the NDMUN26 during 17-25 June 2023 in Geneva

TMAC’s visit to the mine detection dog center of NPA during 2-9 July 2023 in Bosnia

43

TMAC’s visit to the GICHD’s office during 8-19 August 2023 in Geneva

Thailand’s participation in the Third Global Conference on Victim Assistance from 17-19 October 2023 in Phnom Penh44

TMAC’s participation in the Regional Workshop on Promoting Establishment of the Regional Victim
Assistance Network and Initiation of the Guideline to Enhance Victim Assistance Programme in the
ASEAN Region during 23-27 October 2023 in Seoul

TMAC’s participation in the training course on the International Mine Action Standard (IMAS)
during 28 October – 5 November 2023 in Spiez

45

Thailand’s participation in the 21MSP during 21-25 November 2023 in Geneva, which Thailand served as a Vice President.

The Russian Engineer Troops’ visit to TMAC HQ on 12 December 2023

46

The Embassy of Azerbaijan’s visit to TMAC HQ on 21 December 2023

TMAC’s online meeting with GICHD about steps towards RCM on 21 December 2023

47

Multilateral framework
In recent years, Thailand has played an active role within the framework of the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention as a member of
the Committee on Victim Assistance in 2020 – 2021 (the Chair of the Committee in 2021) and a member of the Committee on the
Enhancement of Cooperation and Assistance for the term 2022 – 2023 (the Chair of the Committee in 2023). In 2024, Thailand is serving asa member and a gender focal point of the Committee on Article 5 Implementation. Thailand believes that cooperation and assistance under
the framework of the Convention could potentially contribute to the success of mine action efforts and the fulfillment of obligations under
Article 5, in particular in demining activities along the border with Cambodia.
Although the majority of humanitarian mine action projects in Thailand are self-funded by the Royal Thai Government, Thailand
welcomes additional support, especially in terms of necessary equipment, mine detectors, newer technologies and innovation, as well as
additional survey teams. This will help enhance the capacity of the mine clearance operations and expedite the ongoing progress for Thailand
to become mine-free in a timely manner.

Annex I : Areas released, 1 January - 31 December 2023
No.

SHA/CHA
Number1

465-01/01

2465-02/01

3466-01/01

4466-02/01

5466-03/01

6466-04/01

7467-01/01

8467-02/01

9467-02/03

10458-01/01

11458-02/011213458-02/02
458-03/01

Province

North/East
Ubon
Ratchathani
Ubon
Ratchathani
Ubon
Ratchathani
Ubon
Ratchathani
Ubon
Ratchathani
Ubon
Ratchathani
Ubon
Ratchathani
Ubon
Ratchathani
Ubon
Ratchathani
Ubon
Ratchathani
Ubon
Ratchathani
Ubon
Ratchathani
Ubon

District

Longitude

Latitude

Cancelledarea(squaremeters)Reducedarea(squaremeters)Clearedarea(squaremeters)Total area
released(squaremeters)No. ofantipersonnel
mine
found

No. ofexplosive
items
found

Bun Tharik

105.353234 14.391635-

293,274

26,076319,350

103

23

Bun Tharik

105.370518 14.410278-

303,889

33,161

337,050365-

Bun Tharik

105.380402 14.411391-

28,825

3,147

31,97279-

Bun Tharik

105.403671 14.427657-

253,610

13,056

266,666

121-

Bun Tharik

105.422929 14.426962-

144,171856

145,027

10-

Bun Tharik

105.434998 14.433459-

64,762

2,044

66,806

26-

Bun Tharik

105.446716 14.457540-

72,224946

73,17010-

Bun Tharik

105.450672 14.461271-

161,169

2,498

163,667

42-

Bun Tharik

105.470064 14.475725-

148,830

4,494

153,324432-

Na chaluai

105.279654 14.363012

95,838228,468

6,881

331,187

49-

Na chaluai

105.302511 14.366722

18,255

10,630740

29,625

14-

Na chaluai
Na chaluai

105.294902 14.372447
105.311455 14.388675

106,330

336,462

23,642

466,434

260
96

1
-

- 49 -

14458-04/01

15458-04/02

16458-05/01

17458-05/02

18458-06/01

Ratchathani
Ubon
Ratchathani
Ubon
Ratchathani
Ubon
Ratchathani
Ubon
Ratchathani
Ubon
Ratchathani

19424-02/01

20

27,834

633,820

5,168

666,822Na chaluai

105.319582 14.407921

18,195

128,999

10,305

157,499

60-

Na chaluai

105.317953 14.394176

-

3,633

242

3,875

4

-

Na chaluai

105.323978 14.406805-

401,046

10,827

411,873

36-

Na chaluai

105.334352 14.399411-

292,836

6,573

299,40969-

Na chaluai

105.339990 14.395218-

391,581

6,461

398,04272-

Si Sa ketKanthalarak

104.749987 14.414838-

13,03838,59551,633347-

428-04/01

Si Sa ketKanthalarak

104.820236 14.422371-

29,22529,225--21428-06/01

Si Sa ketKanthalarak

104.839058 14.415019-

37,954

4,434

42,388141-22428-06/02

Si Sa ketKanthalarak

104.845458 14.411050-

112,534

12,223

124,757

523

-

23

428-06/04

Si Sa ketKanthalarak

104.838533 14.416733-

16,0703,130

19,200109-

24

426-03/01

Si Sa ketKanthalarak

104.722983 14.429732-

18,852

16,41335,265

780

119

25

438-01/01

Si Sa ketKanthalarak

104.610986 14.339102-

31,116

4,084

35,20077-

26

438-01/02

Si Sa ketKanthalarak

104.605830 14.397869

-

-

538

538

8

-

27

438-02/01

Si Sa ketKanthalarak

104.632576 14.414172

1,529

15,304

3,315

20,1481881

28438-02/02

Si Sa ketKanthalarak

104.630017 14.411670

-

3,678

548

4,226

37

-

29
30

438-02/03
438-03/01

Si Sa ket
Si Sa ketKanthalarak
Kanthalarak

104.628226 14.409752
104.595996 14.391770-

10,113

3,274

13,387

137
96

-

-

- 50 -

2,173

1,151

3,324

31

438-03/02

Si Sa ketKanthalarak

104.589429 14.384194-

12,073

1,842

13,91554-32438-04/01

Si Sa ketKanthalarak

104.576794 14.365529-

15,242700

15,94297

2

33

438-04/02

Si Sa ketKanthalarak

104.571408 14.364337-

143,699

45,621

189,320

698

5

34

438-04/03

Si Sa ketKanthalarak

104.566660 14.358156-

24,153

5,235

29,388302-35438-04/04

Si Sa ketKanthalarak

104.562440 14.357798-

18,876

2,244

21,120108-36

438-04/05

Si Sa ketKanthalarak

104.577913 14.367763-

16,343

4,186

20,5291962

37438-04/06

Si Sa ketKanthalarak

104.568860 14.358729-

16,5193,934

20,453233-

38439-02/01

Si Sa ketKanthalarak

104.495621 14.373996

-

1,924

753

2,677

227

3

39

431-02/01

Si Sa ket

Khun Han

104.383337 14.347335

-

6,869

2,837

9,706

34

-

40

431-03/01

Si Sa ket

Khun Han

104.392919 14.376128-

15,232

8,719

23,951275

641433-04/01

Si Sa ket

Khun Han

104.472057 14.348784

-

4,782

1,317

6,099

33

6

42

434-02/01

Si Sa ket

Khun Han

104.452306 14.360797-

40,92535,185

76,110

407

75

43

(Additional
Area)

Si Sa ket

Khun Han

104.456068 14.369800-

702,939

56,613

759,552

21

36

44

393-02/01

Surin

Kap Choeng

103.675025 14.439549-

172,325

30,577

202,902

2,802

-

45

401-01/01

Surin
East

Phnom Dong Rak

103.225282 14.330147-

21,921

21,921--

46

209-01/01

Trat

Khlong Yai

102.810219 11.940896-

274,994

283,560422-

KBKB 18,566

- 51 -

47

235-01/01

Trat

Khlong Yai

102.814044 11.931534

1,184

473,925

10,250485,359

348

-

48

235-01/02

Trat

Khlong Yai

102.814823 11.919358-

209,0115,019

214,030

253

-

49

237-01/01

Trat

Khlong Yai

102.799455 11.948988

123,537

347,749

19,313

490,599

562

-

50

237-02/01

Trat

Khlong Yai

102.793171 11.968132-

297,137

31,027

328,164

2,100

-

51

237-02/02

Trat

Khlong Yai

102.794837 11.961116-

204,200

10,880215,080

467

1

52

264-01/01

Trat

Khlong Yai

102.819547 11.896880-

573,583

15,150588,733

1,031

6

53

263-01/01

Trat

Khlong Yai

102.897407 11.777156-

39,596

3,292

42,888

71

-

-

-

-

36

35

-

1

-

4

-

1

17
15,08514341

Out of area
(EOD Spot
Task)
Out of area
(EOD Spot
Task)
Out of area
(EOD Spot
Task)
Out of area
(EOD Spot
Task)
Out of area
(EOD Spot
Task)

Sa Kaeo
North

-

-

Mae Hong
Son

-

-

-

Chiang Mai

-

-

-

Chaing Rai

-

-

-

392,7027,822,303

548,082

Nan

Totals8,763,087

- 52 -

Annex II : Areas known and suspected to contain anti-personnel mine as of 31 December 2023, and the estimated date of completionNo.

SHA/CHA
Number1
2
3

447-05/01
447-05/03
457-01

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

423-01/01
423-01/02
423-02/01
423-04/01
423-04/02
437-01/01
437-03/01
437-03/02
437-04/01
437-04/02
437-06/01
437-06/02
437-06/03
430-01/01
424-02/01
428-01/01
428-03/01
428-06/01
428-06/03

Province

North/East
Ubon Ratchathani
Ubon Ratchathani
Ubon Ratchathani
Total Ubon Ratchathani
Si Sa ket
Si Sa ket
Si Sa ket
Si Sa ket
Si Sa ket
Si Sa ket
Si Sa ket
Si Sa ket
Si Sa ket
Si Sa ket
Si Sa ket
Si Sa ket
Si Sa ket
Si Sa ket
Si Sa ket
Si Sa ket
Si Sa ket
Si Sa ket
Si Sa ketDistrict

Longitude

Latitude

Nam Yuen
Nam Yuen
Nam Yuen

105.166710
105.162044
104.954009

14.304954
14.302335
14.383237

Phu Sing
Phu Sing
Phu Sing
Phu Sing
Phu Sing
Phu Sing
Phu Sing
Phu Sing
Phu Sing
Phu Sing
Phu Sing
Phu Sing
Phu Sing
Phu Sing
Kanthalarak
Kanthalarak
Kanthalarak
Kanthalarak
Kanthalarak

104.189600
104.191429
104.167215
104.144331
104.154235
104.249418
104.209650
104.219311
104.242641
104.226795
104.264903
104.261099
104.259685
104.066806
104.749987
104.874772
104.895065
104.839058
104.848116

14.388965
14.390873
14.375831
14.373595
14.374322
14.390844
14.378947
14.375985
14.38193414.374214
14.406048
14.404658
14.399174
14.345982
14.414838
14.417351
14.408942
14.415019
14.406895

Area (square
metres) know
to containanti-personnel
mines
205,285
50,732
331,104
587,121
10,15011,864140,000
210,000
170,000
74,182
180,000
87,36012,281
215,634
27,931
20,88820,484130,000
423,396
60,363
2,384
30,204
278,349

Area (square
metres)suspected tocontain antipersonnel
mines

Estimatedperiodwhen mines
were
emplaced

Estimate
d date ofcompletion (yearend)

1975-1988
1985-2000
1980-1984

2026
2026
2026

1978-1998
1978-1998
1978-1998
1978-1998
1978-1998
1974-1992
1974-1992
1974-1992
1974-1992
1974-1992
1974-1992
1974-1992
1974-1992
1975-1999
1985-1998
1977-1999
1977-1999
1977-1999
1977-1999

2024
2024
2024
2024
2024
2024
2024
2024
2024
2024
2024
2024
2024
2024
2024
2025
2025
2026
2025

- 53 -

23
24
25

426-07/01
426-07/02
426-07/03

Si Sa ket
Si Sa ket
Si Sa ketKanthalarak
Kanthalarak
Kanthalarak

104.726618
104.729768
104.735583

14.405297
14.410138
14.413731

26,313
3,962
14,63926
27
28

436-01436-02/01
436-03

Si Sa ket
Si Sa ket
Si Sa ketKanthalarak
Kanthalarak
Kanthalarak

104.675019
104.647852
104.658760

14.398048
14.424896
14.406964

20,302394,232

29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39

436-04438-01/02
438-02/02
439-02/01
439-02/01
439-03/01
431-01/01
431-01/02
431-02/01
440-02/01
440-03/01

Si Sa ket
Si Sa ket
Si Sa ket
Si Sa ket
Si Sa ket
Si Sa ket
Si Sa ket
Si Sa ket
Si Sa ket
Si Sa ket
Si Sa ketKanthalarak
Kanthalarak
Kanthalarak
Kanthalarak
Kanthalarak
Kanthalarak
Khun Han
Khun Han
Khun Han
Khun Han
Khun Han

104.664924
104.605830
104.630017
104.492372
104.495621
104.519858
104.371104
104.352971
104.383337
104.322521
104.340573

14.403398
14.397869
14.411670
14.372908
14.373996
14.371643
14.375257
14.372660
14.347335
14.376839
14.371832

26,1994,225
109,349907
68,990158,826
129,566
370,414
151,697
223,64340

440-03/02

Si Sa ket

Khun Han

104.331284

14.371396

67,364

41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49

393-01/01
393-02/03
393-03/01
393-03396-01/01
396-02/02
413-01
413-02/01
413-02

Total Si Sa ket
Surin
Surin
Surin
Surin
Surin
Surin
Surin
Surin
Surin

Kap Choeng
Kap Choeng
Kap Choeng
Kap Choeng
Kap Choeng
Kap Choeng
Kap Choeng
Kap Choeng
Kap Choeng

103.695383
103.656574
103.636013
103.654191
103.626055
103.598963
103.702378
103.705428
103.729198

14.438896
14.438624
14.406937
14.414579
14.403380
14.417616
14.438839
14.434714
14.421182

1976-1999
1976-1999
1976-1999

2025
2025
2025

1,084,066

1973-1987
1973-1987
1973-1987

2026
2025
2026

709,787

1974-1997
1983-1987
1983-1987
1983-1987
1983-1987
1983-1987
1983-1987
1983-1987
1983-1987
1973-1977
1973-1977

2026
2026
2025
2026
2024
2026
2025
2025
2025
2025
2025

1973-1977

2025

1978-1992
1978-1992
1978-1992
1978-1992
1975-1998
1975-1998
N/A
N/A
N/A

2024
2024
2024
2026
2025
2024
2024
2025
2025

3,876,098 1,793,853
3,789
18,13260,555291,543
159,284
37,65922,343344,240469,242

- 54 -

50
51
52

413-03416-04/01
416-04/02

Surin
Surin
Surin

53

394-01/01

Surin

54

395-01

Surin

55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62

401-01/01
397-03/01
406-02/01
407-03/01
407-04/01
411-02/01
411-06/01
411-06/02

Surin
Surin
Surin
Surin
Surin
Surin
Surin
Surin

63
64
65
66
67

386-01/01
367-01/01
367-02/03
367-02/04
367-02/05

N/A
N/A
N/A

2025
2026
2024

22,6341976-1984

2024

14.352737

601,289

1975-1991

2026

103.223756
103.932158
103.869360
103.846512
103.848652
103.776925
103.825205
103.808103

14.329060
14.334075
14.355784
14.737003
14.371101
14.364926
14.353902
14.356708

355,026
35,300268,824
11,802
86,97559,031
58,715
154,781

1983-1997
1979-1992
N/A
N/A
N/A
1977-1980
N/A
N/A

2025
2026
2024
2024
2024
2024
2024
2024

Ban Kruat
Lahan Sai
Lahan Sai
Lahan Sai
Lahan Sai

103.037645
103.028125
102.997752
103.001626
103.004070

14.248946
14.236942
14.214657
14.219514
14.221580

3,137,526
158,403
16,46561,244
14,041
17,122
267,275

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

2024
2024
2024
2024
2024

68
69

84-01
84-02

Sa Kaeo
Sa KaeoTa Phraya
Ta Phraya

102.896622
102.884908

14.011386
14.010039

342,452930

1981-1984
1981-1984

2025
2025

70

11-01

Sa KaeoTa Phraya

102.773495

13.890785

101,045

1975-1986

2024

71

11-02

Sa KaeoTa Phraya

102.767156

13.864413

182,000

1975-1986

2024

Total Surin
Buri-Ram
Buri-Ram
Buri-Ram
Buri-Ram
Buri-Ram
Total Buri-Ram
East

Kap Choeng
Kap Choeng
Kap Choeng
Phnom Dong
Rak
Phnom Dong
Rak
Phnom Dong
Rak
BuachetSang Kha
Sang Kha
Sang Kha
Sang Kha
Sang Kha
Sang Kha103.703405
103.453527
103.466608

14.395722
14.370848
14.365529

65,00011,362103.401657

14.359143

103.328329

1,072,000

1,072,000-

- 55 -

55-01

Sa KaeoTa Phraya

119-01

Sa KaeoTa Phraya

6-01

Sa Kaeo75

27-01

Sa Kaeo76

62-01

Sa Kaeo77

113-01

Sa Kaeo78
79
80

227-01
227-02228-01

Total Sa Kaeo
Trat
Trat
Trat

Khlong Yai
Khlong Yai
Khlong Yai

102.913598
102.912471
102.910975

11.656051
11.659450
11.677315

343,382
58,87826,253
1,421,560

81
82
83
84
85
86

229-01248-01248-02/01
219-01/01
219-01/02
216-01/01

Trat
Trat
Trat
Trat
Trat
Trat

Khlong Yai
Khlong Yai
Khlong Yai
Mueang Trat
Mueang Trat
Mueang Trat

102.908874
102.910314
102.910441
102.716098
102.717815
102.705896

11.669425
11.706838
11.721738
12.270503
12.274700
12.185159

87

252-01/03

Trat

Mueang Trat

102.708522

88
89
90
91
92
93
94

252-01
218-01/01
244-01/01
244-01/02
268-03/01
268-03/02
268-03/04

Trat
Trat
Trat
Trat
Trat
Trat
Trat

Mueang Trat
Mueang Trat
Mueang Trat
Mueang Trat
Mueang Trat
Mueang Trat
Mueang Trat

102.711024
102.722710
102.776511
102.776548
102.745297
102.752879
102.761745

72
73
74

1973-1988

102.778526

13.924002

663,696102.811264

13.957158

859,700

Khok Sung102.740577

13.825477

1,187,905

Khok Sung
AranyaprathetAranyaprathet102.688618

13.752654

99,8001974-1995

2026

102.641329

13.731562

950,542N/A

2026

102.605831

13.714688

1,490,174

1973-1980

2026

1975-1979
1973-1991
1973-1991

2026
2026
2025

357,452
418,465
107,930
11,942
13,840635,505

1974-1992
1972-1992
1972-1992
1978-1990
1978-1990
1984-1990

2024
2025
2025
2024
2024
2024

12.207747

51,6541986-1998

2026

12.216930
12.334290
12.024157
12.003089
12.096336
12.088439
12.076141

436,840
127,105
141,287
155,292
146,110570,000
285,000

1986-1999
1983-1994
1979-1988
1979-1988
1979-1994
1979-1994
1979-1994

2026
2024
2025
2025
2024
2024
2024

5,534,862

1976-1992
1978-1998

2024
2025
2024

- 56 -

95
96

268-03/05
268-03/06
TotalsTrat
Trat
Total Trat

Mueang Trat
Mueang Trat

102.766090
102.772513

12.073622
12.057559

140,000
68,3205,173,433-

13,384,835

8,400,715

1979-1994
1979-1994

2024
2024