宇宙ジェットの物理とその役割
井上 進 (京大理)YSOs

microQSOs

AGNs

GRBs

questions about cosmic jets
FAQ: What?
How?
Not-so-FAQ: When/where?
To jet or not to jet, that is the question!
Question you always wanted to know but were afraid to ask:
Why? (So what?)
Jets, who ordered that?
1. YSOs
2. AGNs
3. Galactic black holes
4. GRBs

1. Young Stellar Object (YSO) jets-> 町田さんの講演

What? fast atomic jet + slow molecular outflow
When? stellar collapse phase -> accretion phaseWhy?

angular momentum ejection -> star formation星の形成にとって不可欠！
太陽系内で他の影響は？

Velusamy+ 07

YSO jet production ほとんど解決？
How? B fields: only viable process
outflow = centrifugally-driven
jet = B pressure driven

Machida+ 08

jetOutflow

1000 times close-up

360 AU
first corev~5 km/s

今後の観測による検証に期待

protostarv~50 km/s

AGN demography

FR 2radiogalaxy

supermassive black hole+accretion disk (flow)
radio-loud(relativistic jet)radioquiet(no jet)~90%

Seyfert galaxy
radio-quiet quasar

GeV blazar

highpower~<1%

low~9%
power

TeV blazar(BL Lac)FR 1
radiogalaxyactivity timescales~106-108 yr2. AGN jets What?

-> 紀さん、片岡さん他の講演

relativistic Γjet>~10
well-collimated θjet~<few deg
powerful Ljet~<LEdd
composition: e-p? e-e+ ? mixture? B?
+ sub-relativistic wind?
(BAL quasars, X-ray absorption)

radio-loudalso inradio-quiet?

AGN jet production

How?

radiation-driven?
thermally-driven?
magnetic disk-driven?
BH spin-driven?
(Blandford-Znajek process)NO for jet (OK for wind?)? <-> lack of bulk Compton? <-> blazar energy balance(B sub-dominant)Why? UHECR source candidates
from“Hillas plot” adapted
Yoshida & Dai 98

E ≦ Ze B R (v/c)
confinement

magnetars

Emax acceleration vs:BGRBs
B~∝R-1
AGN jetsclusters

Rescapesource lifetime
adiab. expansion loss
radiative loss

When/Where?

radio dichotomy

elliptical hostsequence

disk hostsequence
Sikora+ 08

銀河進化との関係を示唆- connection with host morphology- control parameter related with merging -> BH spin?

BH - host galaxy bulge relation

BHと母銀河の密接な関係

Kormendy 93
Magorrian+ 98
Gebhardt+ 00…

cluster cool cores and radio galaxies
no “cooling flow”-> heating sourcePeterson+ 01

radio bubbles
in X-ray cavities

Fabian+ 00

電波銀河と銀河団ガスの密接な関係

Why? AGN “feedback” heating in galaxy formation

Croton+ 06

星形成を抑制- suppress cooling flows in clusters- suppress overproduction of high-L galaxies- explains cosmic downsizing
physics of feedback:
jet?
wind?

metal dispersal in clusters by radio galaxies
Heath+ 07

magnetization ofintergalactic/intracluster gas
Furlanetto& Loeb 01

銀河中心ブラックホールの系内での影響は？

Why?

3. Galactic black hole jets-> 上田さんの講演

What? relativistic Γjet>~2-10?
How?

issues similar to AGNs

When/Where?
disk-jet connection
low hard state?
persistent (HMXB)?
<-> transient (LMXB)?

Mirabel+ 98

Galactic BHs - AGNs

fundamental plane?

RIAF->

Merloni+ 03
Falcke+ 04

Galactic BH jets

Why?

energetics LXB ~1039 erg/s

Heinz & Grimm 05
Fender +05(fund. plane + X binary LF)<-> LSN~ESNRSN ~3x1041 erg/s- Galactic cosmic rays (positrons)?
- ISM magnetization?

Heinz+ 08

案外何かに効いてるかも？

Heinz & Sunyaev 02

4. GRB jets-> 山崎さんの講演adapted from Meszaros 01

What?

ultrarelativistic Γjet>100
extremely powerful Ljet>>Ledd (τ>>1)
likely collimated fjet~0.001-0.01?

How?

long GRBs: collapsar -> BH?
short GRBs: NS-NS merger -> BH?
issues similar to AGNs?

GRB jets
When/Where?
GRB rate/SN rate ~ 10-5-10-3? core angular momentum?
Why?
LGRB/LSN ~ 10-3-10-2?
- UHECRs?
- ???
宇宙で最も謎のジェット…
GRBs, who ordered that?

まとめcosmic jets: What? How? When/Where? Why?

YSOs

役割も含め最もよくわかっている
ほぼ解決に近い！

AGNs

物理はまだまだ未解明が役割の認識は増えつつある

Galactic BHs
GRBs

物理はAGN同様何かの役割も果たしてるかも？

物理も役割もようわからん

ジェットの物理機構を追求するだけでなく宇宙における役割を理解することも解明につながるかも