ISHS authors guide: publishing in Acta Horticulturae
GENERAL INFORMATIONISHS publication policy
All oral presenters, including invited and keynote speakers, must submit amanuscript for Acta Horticulturae. If this is not agreed to by the author(s), the work can bepresented as a poster instead. Authors of posters are welcomed to submit their manuscript
for Acta Horticulturae but posters cannot be published as such. The manuscript should besubmitted by the deadline set by the convener in order to avoid unnecessary delay in thereviewing process and editing of the Acta Horticulturae volume.
Submission of a manuscript to Acta Horticulturae does not preclude aspects of thework that are contained in a proceedings manuscript from being published in a manuscript
prepared for a peer-reviewed scientific journal. However, author(s) must be aware that somescientific journals may have restrictions on publication of material that is very similar tomaterial that has been published in conference proceedings. Publication in Acta
Horticulturae must be approved by all co-authors, if any, as well as - tacitly or explicitly - by
the responsible authorities at the institution where the work was carried out.
The copyright to an article submitted for publication is transferred to The International
Society for Horticultural Science (for government employees in certain countries: to theextent transferable) effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. The author
warrants that his/her contribution is original and that he/she has full power to make thisgrant. The author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of
any and all co-authors. The copyright transfer covers the exclusive right to reproduce anddistribute the article, including reprints, translations, photographic reproductions,microform, electronic form (offline, online) or any other reproductions of similar nature.
An author may self-archive an author‐created version of his/her article on his/her
own website. He/she may also deposit that version on his/her institution’s and funder’s(funder-designated) repository at the funder’s request or as a result of a legal obligation,
including his/her final version, provided it is not made publicly available until after 12months of official publication. He/she may not use the publisher’s PDF version which isposted on www.actahort.org for the purpose of self-archiving or deposit. Furthermore, theauthor may only post his/her version provided acknowledgement is given to the original
source of publication and a DOI link is inserted to the published article on ISHS’s website. The
link must be accompanied by the following text: "The original publication is available atwww.actahort.org".
Important elements of the publisher’s role in the scientific communication
process are reviewing, recognition and consistent quality assurance. In order toguarantee that the requirements of these elements are fully met, control of thedissemination of the final article is necessary. Permitting an article to be publishedelsewhere on public servers without a clear connection to the final article canpotentially confuse readers who use the article for their own research and will not bein the interest of science. The transfer of copyright from the author to the publisher
assists ISHS to protect the mutual interests of both the author/researcher and the
publisher. Articles disseminated via www.actahort.org are indexed, abstracted andreferenced by many abstracting and information services, bibliographic networks,
subscription agencies, library networks and consortia.

REFERENCES: VITAL
Please go to PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/citmatch) andCrossRef (https://apps.crossref.org/simpleTextQuery) to check your references.
If your references are not correct, ISHS will be forced to format them in the final
stage of technical editing according to the PubMed and CrossRef databases.

ISHS Authors Guide — Publishing in Acta Horticulturae — ©ISHS
www.ishs.org [version update: May 2023 - this version to replace all previous ones]

Length of the paper
All symposium verbal and poster presentations are eligible for publication in theproceedings if a suitable manuscript is prepared according to the “ISHS Authors Guide” andsubmitted on time. The manuscript will be reviewed by an Editorial Board prior to
publication.
Manuscripts should be as concise as possible in order to reduce to a minimum thenumber of pages of Acta Horticulturae. As a general rule the maximum recommended lengthof an invited paper is 16 pages and of a submitted oral or poster paper is 8 pages, including
figures and tables. An average page of text will contain about 500 words. Manuscript
reviewers will cut unnecessary information and will advise on the number of pages eachmanuscript should have taking into account its content and characteristics.
Language
English is the official language of Acta Horticulturae. However, if the originalcontribution is presented at a bilingual symposium, a manuscript in Spanish or French is also
acceptable, provided it includes a one page extended abstract in English. An abstract inFrench or Spanish can be added to manuscripts in English.
Spelling
ISHS has no preference whether English or American spelling is used although
uniformity within each paper is required. Latin words or phrases are in italics, with the
exception of very common expressions such as “i.e.,” “e.g.,” “et al.,” “in vitro,” “ex vitro” and“etc.” The expression “etc.” for “and so forth” should be used only with series, such as 1, 2, 3,
etc.
Units

Use the metric system exclusively. Use abbreviation L for liter, mg L-1 for milligram(me)per liter, mL for milliliter, µL for microliter and t for tonne (metric ton). SI units can be used
where appropriate.

Font and type size
Use Cambria font. Titles are in 18 point, references in the Literature cited section in 9
point, and the rest of the manuscript, including tables should be 11 point. When italic typeface
is required use italic type, do not underline.
Plant names
Scientific names are to be included for all plant species and are to be in italic font except
for the abbreviations “var.”, “subsp.”, “f.”, etc. which indicate rank at infraspecific level (e.g.,
Cedrus libani subsp. atlantica, Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae).
Author citation should only be used when helpful for historical or taxonomic reasons,and then it should only be used when the name is first mentioned in the body of the text (donot use author citation in the abstract or title). Author names are to be abbreviated inaccordance with the international standard provided by Brummitt, R.K. & Powell, C.E.,“Authors of Plant Names”, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 1992. An on-line updated version ofthis work may be consulted via https://www.ipni.org/index.html.
Common names may be used for well-known plants once the scientific name has been
provided (e.g., apple, pear, potato, rose, tomato).
Cultivated varieties which are the product of selection and/or breeding are to bereferred to as “cultivars” and not “varieties”. Cultivar names are to be written in accordancewith the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. The current (2016) edition
is obtainable from ISHS via https://www.ishs.org/scripta-horticulturae/international-codenomenclature-cultivated-plants-ninth-edition. In particular, the part of a name, which
denotes the cultivar, is to be placed within single quotation marks. The abbreviation “cv.” isnot to be used within a name (e.g., Malus domestica ‘Golden Delicious’, not Malus domestica
cv. Golden Delicious).

ISHS Authors Guide — Publishing in Acta Horticulturae — ©ISHS
www.ishs.org

If indicating hybrid status, the multiplication symbol should be used before the name of
the genus or the species epithet as appropriate (e.g., ×Cupressocyparis leylandii, Mentha
×piperita), or within the formula denoting the hybrid (e.g., Mentha aquatica × M. spicata). If
the multiplication symbol is not available in your font set, use the letter “x” in lower case, but
leave a space between it and the word to which it should be applied (e.g., x Cupressocyparis
leylandii, Mentha x piperita). Neither the multiplication symbol nor the letter “x” are to be initalics.
Use the multiplication symbol “×” to indicate a cross such as “red × yellow” and for theterm “by” in measurements (2×4 cm). Use italic n and x when indicating sporophytic or basic
chromosome number (e.g., 2n=4x=48).
Headings ranks and format
Papers contain one to four headings, all aligned at the left hand margin, as follows:
RANK ONEUse boldface and all capital letters. Use a space before this rank but subsequentparagraph(s) continue without a space. Subsequent paragraphs within this section are
indented without spaces between paragraphs. Headings such as INTRODUCTION,
MATERIALS AND METHODS, RESULTS, DISCUSSION, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS are RANKONE headings. Do not use a period after this heading.
Rank twoThis heading subdivides RANK ONE headings, thus there must be at least two or more
Rank two subheads. Titles are boldface and “sentence case”. Rank two headings are
separated by a space above the heading as in RANK ONE headings. No period after Rank twoheadings. The paragraph starts on the first line after the Rank two heading and is indented.
1. Rank three.
This heading may be used to divide Rank two headings. Initiate this heading with
Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc.) with numbers and title in boldface and in “sentence case”. The
subheading ends with a period in boldface. Rank three headings are separated by a space
above the heading as in RANK ONE headings. The paragraph starts on the first line after the
Rank three heading and is indented.
Rank four.
This heading subdividing Rank three headings will be used rarely. Align left and end
with a period. The font is italic, non-boldface, “sentence case”. Rank four headings are
separated by a space above the heading as in RANK ONE headings. The paragraph starts on
the first line after the Rank four heading and is indented.
Paper
Enter following margin settings in the "page set-up" of MS Word: top: 2.7 cm (1.06");
bottom: 3.5 cm (1.38"); left: 2.8 cm (1.10"); right: 2.9 cm (1.14"); paper size: A4.
Spacing and indentations
The final text should have line spacing exactly 12 pt. Titles of subheadings should not
be underlined. Text should be “justified”.
First lines of all paragraphs should have a 1-cm indentation. Do not include blank lines
between paragraphs within a section.

ISHS Authors Guide — Publishing in Acta Horticulturae — ©ISHS
www.ishs.org

ORGANIZATION OF A RESEARCH PAPER
Title

Use “sentence case” except for proper names, genus names, etc. Do not include
authorities for binomials in titles. Keep titles as concise as possible. Binomials will be in italics.
[Note: title font & style - Vista Sans OT Medium, 18 point, blue color, will be applied by ISHS
Secretariat staff during technical editing prior to publication].
Bylines
The byline under the title includes the name of author(s) (without titles) andaffiliations. The given name of authors should be listed by initials. Initials are followed by aperiod. If two initials are listed, do not include a space between them but provide a space
before the family name. The family name is always presented after the given name, even for
those countries that use a different sequence (Spanish names are alphabetized by the paternalfamily name). Accents should be kept in names so as not to violate their spelling rules. If there
are two authors, separate the author name by “and” e.g. A.B. Smith and C.D. Jones; threeauthors would be A.B. Smith, C.D Jones and E.F. Brown.
The affiliation or address of author(s) is included below the name(s) in font size 9 pt.
The address of the author may be in the language of the country, but spell out the country
name in English. E-mail addresses can be added as footnotes using superscript letters a, b, c,
etc. Write the affiliation of authors as follows, e.g.
A.B. Smith1, C.D Jones1,2 and E.F. Brown3
1Institute xxx, City, Country; 2Center xxx, University xxx, City, Country; 3Department xxx, Faculty xxx, University

xxx, City, Country.

Abstract
Use a Rank two heading for Abstract. An abstract in English, limited to 200-300 words
in a single paragraph, all boldface, is required in all cases. Indent the first line of the abstract(1 cm). The abstract should contain a concise but comprehensive statement of the problem
and results. [Note: blue shading style will be applied by ISHS Secretariat staff during technicalediting prior to publication].
The title and abstract will be freely available on the ISHS website and should be consideredan advertisement for the paper as it may be all that most viewers will read. Thus, it should be
carefully and accurately written.
Keywords
This is a Rank two heading followed by colon in boldface (Keywords: apple, pear).
List five to seven keywords not used in the title. Remember that electronic search engines
focus on Title and Keywords. The second line of keywords is a hanging indent (2 cm).
Introduction
This should include a statement of the problem, a brief survey of previous work, andthe scope and purpose of the investigation. References to previous work should be included.
Materials and methods (experimental procedures)This section should be included in papers describing experiments but may not be
required in review papers. Describe concisely the plant materials, the growing technique,methods used, and lay-out of experiments. Include the name of all chemicals and compounds.
An indication of the statistical methods used to analyze data should be included.
Results and discussion
This is the heart of the paper. The section(s) may either be presented as a single section
or divided into separate Results and Discussion sections. If separate, describe experimental
results in the Results section and reserve interpretations, speculations, and conclusions forthe Discussion section.
Conclusion

ISHS Authors Guide — Publishing in Acta Horticulturae — ©ISHS
www.ishs.org

At the end of the paper attempt to answer questions formulated in the introduction andconclude with a summary of results and an assessment of future research or prospects.
Acknowledgements
This is reserved for journal paper numbers, source of funding, and name of the project,
if required. Acknowledgement of help from colleagues or professional associates isappropriate but avoid acknowledgement of routine secretarial help or family members.
Citations and literature cited
Please go to PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/citmatch) andCrossRef (https://apps.crossref.org/simpleTextQuery) to check your references. If yourreferences are not correct, ISHS will be forced to format them in the final stage of technicalediting according to the PubMed and CrossRef databases.

Each reference in the 'Literature cited' section is to be cited in the text of the article.
Similarly each reference in the article is to be included in the 'Literature cited' section.
Any reference not mentioned in the text just like any citation in the text not mentioned
in the 'Literature cited' will be removed.

1. Format.
Citations to references in the text are listed chronologically surrounded by parentheseswith the following format: (Peters, 2017; Jones and Smith, 2018; Brown et al., 2019a, b). Note:“et al.” is used for three or more authors; letters a, b, etc. are used if there are two authors
with the same name that have published in the same year.
Citations to personal communications include the initials and surname of the person
and are only to be included within the text, not in the Literature cited section. The date is
optional. Thus: (A.B. Peters, pers. commun.) or (A.B. Peters, pers. commun., 2019).
Title Literature cited should be boldface and “sentence case”. Literature cited should
only include references used in the paper. List the authors in alphabetical order, letter byletter, and in chronological order for publications of the same author(s). Do not use an issue
number if the journal uses consecutive numbers for each volume. In all cases the initials
follow the family name. Initials are followed by a period. If two initials are listed, do notinclude a space between them. Use “and” after the penultimate author. If there are more than
10 authors in a publication, only list the first 10 and include et al. thereafter. Publication year
should be surrounded by parentheses, followed by a period.
References should be formatted according to the examples provided below:
Journal paper:de Vries, D.P., and Dubois, L.A.M. (2020). Cut rose breeding: progress, stability or decline? ‒ A review. Europ. J.
Hort. Sci. 85, 383–386 https://doi.org/10.17660/eJHS.2020/85.6.1.
Hernandez-Santana, V., Santesteban, L.G., Alvarez, R., Beltran, G., and Diaz-Espejo, A. (2020). Sap flow as a tool toenhancefruit
quality:
the
case
of
olive
oil.
Acta
Hortic.
1300,
13–20
https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2020.1300.3.
Jossen, R., Kodde, V.J., Willems, L.A., Ligterink, W., Van der Plas, L.H., and Hilhorst, H.W. (2010). Germinator: asoftware package for high-throughput scoring and curve fitting of Arabidopsis seed germination. Plant J. 62 (1),148–159.
Youryon, P., Keereedat, W., and Supapvanich, S. (2020). Effects of simultaneous cyanocobalamin and calcium
gluconate treatment on chilling injury alleviation of 'Queen' pineapple by using peduncle infiltration. Fruits 75,
273–280 https://doi.org/10.17660/th2020/75.6.4.

ISHS Authors Guide — Publishing in Acta Horticulturae — ©ISHS
www.ishs.org

Book:

Ekesa, B., Johnson, V., Kennedy, G., Nabuuma, D., Van den Bergh, I., and Ocimati, W. (2017). A Community Resource
Persons’ Training Guide: Improving Food and Nutrition Security through Banana-based Farming Systems andFoods. Scripta Horticulturae 19 (International Society for Horticultural Science), pp.62.
Geoffriau, E., and Simon, P.W., eds. (2020). Carrots and Related Apiaceae Crops, 2nd edn (Wallingford, Oxfordshire,
UK: CABI Publishing), pp.368.
Sansavini, S., Costa, G., Gucci, R., Inglese, P., Ramina, A., Xiloyannis, C., and Desjardins, Y., eds. (2019). Principles ofModern Fruit Science (Leuven, Belgium: ISHS), pp.421.

Chapter in book:Biggs, A.R., and Stensvand, A. (2014). Apple scab. In Compendium of Apple and Pear Diseases and Pests, 2nd edn,
T.B. Sutton, H.S. Aldwinckle, A.M. Agnello, and J.F. Walgenbach, eds. (St. Paul, MN, USA: APS Press), p.8–11.

Chapter in conference proceedings:

Padulosi, S., and Dulloo, M.E. (2012). Towards a viable system for monitoring agrobiodiversity on farm: a proposed
new approach for red listing of cultivated plant species. Paper presented at: International Conference on On Farm
Conservation of Neglected and Underutilized Species (Frankfurt, Germany: Bioversity International).

Website:Food and Agricultural Organization. (2021). www.fao.org.

2. Abbreviations.
Abbreviate Acta Horticulturae as Acta Hortic. Do not abbreviate single word journals.
Do not abbreviate states or provinces of countries. When in doubt do not abbreviate.
Commonly used abbreviations are as follows:
Abstract
Academia
Advances
Agriculture
Agronomy
AmericanAnnalsAnnualArchives
Biochemistry
Biology
CircularCommunication
Conference
Congress
Contribution
CultureDepartment
Dissertation
Economics
GazetteGenetics
Horticulture, -ae, -alInstituteInternational
Japanese
JournalLaboratory, -ies
Letters

Abstr.
Acad.
Adv.
Agric.
Agron.
Am.
Ann.
Annu.
Arch.
Biochem.
Biol.
Cir.
Commun.
Conf.
Congr.
Contrib.
Cult.
Dep.
Diss.
Econ.
Gaz.
Genet.
Hortic.
Inst.
Int.
Jpn.
J.
Lab.
Lett.

Magazine
Management
MarketMarketing
Molecular
National
Physiology
Plantae, -arum
Progress
Publication(s)ReportReporter
Research
Review (s), Revue(s)Scientia, Scientific
SeriesStationStatistics, -ical
Supplement(s)Technical, -queTechnology, -ical
United Kingdom
United States of America
US Department ofAgriculture
University
Yearbook
Zeitschrift

Mag.
Mgmt.
Mark.
Mktg.
Mol.
Natl.
Physiol.
Plant.
Prog.
Publ.
Rep.
Report.
Res.
Rev.
Sci.
Ser.
Stn.
Stat.
Suppl.
Tech.
Technol.
U.K.
U.S.A.
U.S. Dep.
Agric.
Univ.
Yearb.
Z.

See https://www.issn.org/services/online-services/access-to-the-ltwa/ for other abbreviations.

ISHS Authors Guide — Publishing in Acta Horticulturae — ©ISHS
www.ishs.org

Tables and figures
Tables and figures must be embedded in the article. Captions are provided directly above
each table and below each figure. They are numbered consecutively with Arabic numbers, andaligned to the full width of the page. Thus, Table 1, Table 2, etc. and Figure 1, Figure 2, etc. If thetable or figure is not original, give the source at the end of the caption, e.g. Source: Jones et al.
(2019).
1. Tables.
Create tables using the MS Word table editor, not by using tab stops or spaces. Do not insert
a table as a figure or an Excel file.
Use tables sparingly. Captions of tables go above the table. The size of the table should notexceed the standard page width and length, but tables may be placed portrait or landscape format.
Solid lines are used in the heading and in the bottom of the table but are to be avoided in the body.
Place all headings to the center of their column, except for the left column that should be aligned
left. The units of the data must be indicated in parentheses in the table headings. If table footnotes
are needed, use superscript letters a, b, c, etc. The sources of tables should be in the caption. Use
font Arial Narrow 11 point for table heading and body and Arial Narrow 9 point for tablefootnotes.
Proper format for tables in Acta Horticulturae should include 4 parts: 1) caption, 2)
masthead, 3) body, and 4) footnotes. This can best be demonstrated with the examples listed as
Table 1, Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4 in the sample article file.
[Note: blue shading style will be applied by ISHS Secretariat staff during technical editing
prior to publication].
1) Caption. The caption should be understandable without recourse to the paper itself. The
caption has only the first word capitalized (except for proper names, genus names, etc.) andends in a period. Text after the table number should be vertically aligned (see sample article).
The caption may be more than a single sentence. The source of the table, if necessary toinclude, is indicated in the caption.
2) Masthead. In general, tables are best read up and down. Each column of the table must be
explained by a masthead heading. The masthead is enclosed top and bottom by two lines
extending to the each edge of the table. Horizontal lines within the masthead can be used toseparate groups under a common heading. The units of each column need to be clearly
indicated, e.g., No. fruit; Fruit wt. (g); Harvest index (%). Masthead headings should bevertically centered in the masthead cell.
3) Body. Avoid internal lines in the body of the table. Center values under the masthead heading.
Use rounding to avoid unwarranted precision. Means may be separated by using lower caseletters (5% significance) or upper case letters (1% significance). Indicate statistical tests andsignificance by footnotes, using superscript letters a, b, c, etc. The body of the table is enclosed
in a line.
4) Footnotes. Footnotes go underneath the body of the table. Put each footnote on a separateline.
2. Figures.
Captions of figures go underneath the figure. Text after the figure number should bevertically aligned (see sample article).
Be sure to include clear, sharp pictures of high resolution (at least 300 dpi). Do not use theMS Word feature of text boxes to add captions, arrows, letters, or other text or objects to show inyour figures, graphs or images because text boxes may shift around while editing the article.
Instead you should embed and hard-code any text or objects directly into the image, figure, graphor picture file before inserting it in your MS Word manuscript.

ISHS Authors Guide — Publishing in Acta Horticulturae — ©ISHS
www.ishs.org

ARTICLE SUBMISSION
See the sample article for reference. ISHS recommends the use of the latest Microsoft Word
.docx file format (instead of the old .doc format) when preparing your article. For accurate
reproduction of your figures, graphs or pictures in Acta Horticulturae, please insert any graphic
object in your MS Word file in jpg or png file format in a resolution of at least 300 dpi. Typically,
files of less than 300 dots per inch do not reproduce well (even if they look good on your computer
screen!) so please mind the resolution of your figure/graph file.

ISHS Authors Guide — Publishing in Acta Horticulturae — ©ISHS
www.ishs.org