! E3=.OADR; G  )  F

(5261FL!
M!%1
!#78'"- BK@!@!Q!*$BK@!@!+!*$
BK@!/C&

H:9/C!,JSN?04>!<PI£*)5
oO*¶yj9e8&*4'V908$3.(Ê­¨8%0Ê0'!¼Ç5*£#0¹h!$30*$mi*]L$+¤( JT§*%6JT*¼Ç+%$¢T$+»ÏJT1ÒtJTÄZJT¼JT¿~JTÈZJT»JT'&46ÆJµË(Ï¼Ô888*¼Ç9T:$f.S¼Ç+88´Ð0*$+'(Ã(WÕ#6S¼Ç*M­(°%$JT¡¸®#.*¶yj$+GÑ9£q%#6*¼¼9«#JT­ujÓ1j
sÓ*Y%'7§{1r[7§{1[+#}e=B<9Å%9D{.527JT¼Ç*d\9k!#

7%±x(*¼Ç*§{M

$b%*$'*Én*(6Ð!#}e1Å9«#%9$0V#Y$.*we$k!¬Ò

7%g$.*¶yj$+ª½J9ÎÌ7¬ÒÁ9³(6#6we%+JT'5$+*U9V#

%(0©D9º

7»|9¼.*;@B?A*Rp(W`CF*À9+/·ÂJTN*W`+Q:(+K5*a$Í*·Â*LT[!#9v¥.*/(+¹h¸®(lc$7q('!#-%(XY§{9T,%%±x(7³¬*¼Ç9_6I

#z*Æ%5(+¼Ç9H¦#j7Ó¼ÇH¦1E¼Ç*§{9Én#j7ÓE¼ÇÉn{9¯*&¾^(9("##9²P9A>#%¢$oO*¶yj9«D7%g
$#ÍQ:*$·Â*LT[2Ãx©)8¡î,hpÞ.1*' ¯)>*-^÷/=5BÃxÛè.

é 70/¯-Ý@?(=5#y.­».é 75±®.­».34 50¯,.)@##%/¯,?0çAá'*/)¥i-/Ùå¯}5B(¯.ÙåA~7(>./!.±ß)Ë½,î·.a'*,&(5Ë*/¯Å.FWIDTCEX*RGOIDTCEX.õA?-¼f>ÀFWIDT.õ-s#8.)¯ 1 VLMWÅ-u5?(>õmg/L )Û#8.)
¶Ë

FWIDTËaÖ-Ë½àÇ¯Ò¯RGOIDTË/¿Õ).,åË.¯¯/->;,'å5cô¯.Ë/9Ã`-;&(½^,=5Óä.¯cô¯ /Ë 20100mg/L .8.º.-¼mn)/Ëz7(¯1,600
cí?(>*8=55#cô¯/Ùå$),\¶°*(8¡î)#%Ó«->¯Ï.
¯/Ø²ÞA{¤ð?(=3*B+.ª-e·¦Ðã@?(5k.¯Ïã)/¯Ï¯Å.ñe·ÔËA 0.1 mg/L0.1 ppm ]©-á>*È7<?
(= <¢(>¯.\¶oá?(5ñe·.å*ÜlrAë>*,+e·{-/}É8=5
aâ×?(>QMW¯@:>SOUWDEK
5.ªe·{/@?(B?/QMW¯.,¯{AÚî*,ê¯9Ãg¯)>#7){Úî,ª-/e·)/,EJX5#/nµ§Í@?(55)/Ñn<ì,KCP.QMW¯×?#%.²q-£Aë(5ä)/. 3 '.HXPW<*&#cô¯ABCAæÂô*(±ßß³A

!?"?+.HXPW-¸Ì>.ÎÈA5
HXPWY¶Ë 100mg/L ]g.¯Ï¯HXPWZ¶Ë 100500mg/L .×QMW¯
HXPW[¶Ë 1,2001,600mg/L .×QMW¯¹È¼¨*,>±ß /1ñe·2ehÞCEX3ö)5#cô¯.±ß._-vb>¨òCEX4

Ä.¬*¾=¶Ë.| 4-'(51¯´->Á2ä)/cô¯Å.ïCEX*(FWIDTCEXRGOIDTCEXNMVDTCEXw2FVDTCEX.6Aó55#dCEX*(/À¯·CEXòCEXw2ehÞCEX.6Aó?<.ïCEX*dCEX.t)ÊjÆ=&(>8.*53C^4J%N`

{&k£M&'
BFDPD3¡/)!' N,N-;8>D-p-A7?EF;5k£M3¦)DPD 'k£M"-%N~y3)Z

**%3_HM%C^4JTP,Q$Z

4JHM"B<A\,D=],

7:V5E,>!IY$Z-0.UK4J%FX#!

6;'(@+*!)*&*'[?"

8O"*%FX%=],IY$L,S*)1/2G,S*)WR)9QaZL¤{ A 0 mg/LL¤{ B: 0.4 mg/LL¤{ C: 0 mg/L

L¤{ B{{&k£M'%.
ZM'{%I$/)&JN MO{"nGMj}0
Cl2 + H2O
HCl + HClO

nGMj'jOg"+i^h¡3o

ClO- + 2H+ + 2e-

H2O + Cl-Z

dq&%{%M-}|69F\0

ECFu%[)10@=BF 5<:D@Fj'Zag!nGMj"jO
ZaN0{%0M3w0

9I
DPD 3¡k£M&¦!']+{%'k£M[)1¥$yY1)&!L¤{ B{0"3rW!"l)!'r`h&v¨.

/*2feOU!U(Mi^&b¢3#1¢Q!0S4&p3))Mi^'L¤{&H3T0{{&R$t/)!s/xM&'U!U(pm&z_$}V%V

14

1,",X0§")-&bK"$0"cP$!feO^LN[=¿+T9B5 2 6V,"#*-/M"#*R3"#*!DU

IO:-<;K.CF<;!QP´2I3I=]¾=`c®LN[¨¤ J¦&;-$»9  ©<h.8$H,:<»\0H,:´!p`c®LN[=¿=qº>§·=`=£:.4£@==k(¹¸-I8$HTKV[P±:r?IH£¡|=´$<¦&;-$£<¸$H{µ>xm9`c®LN[:«a.8ª=OZLRJ0H£(0HLN[«a~J);-$¢=o<>TXNYQL[:r?IH(¸$FI8'G,=(£<k0H,:9(°c0H,:(¹¸-IHkz}µ:r?IHl²$,:<=£@=k>¥¿¢=9>j,F1¥¿¢Jf*H:C8£<k0H,:(9)H,=º¶<7$8³.;-$;'¥¿¢:>¯¯,,9>`c®LN[:f­;+«a0H¿=¡u,,9>xm(e&FI4¢J$%g¦À´

+T9 A 10 mg/L+T9 B: 10 mg/L+T9 C: 10 mg/L´!
+1 Ag + ClAgCl

2<; AgCl $)"&S4HUE= ClLN ClHUE!1A Ag

07?2$)"&,"#*8>KJ+07$)"&LN Ag+

,"#*8>

1A1A'(%@G´"2I3I=]¾=¼xLN[¨¤ J¦&;-$45.¯p=Bs64{¾>¼xLN[¨¤J   :.8g¦0H,:´#¼xLN[=¿>`xxb9o<`cSWMUJe&¼xLN[:«a.8/H§·=¼xSWMU½y<EG·_=¤(e0H,:J¹¸.8$H¬±¼xSWMU=·g¤ J –   ° :.8|=´$<¦&;-$¼xSWMU=<0H·g¤ Jnw.;-$ ° nwf

Di.;-$t<¼xLN[J¿0Ht<>o<`cSWMU(f<v.8$H$Ad<SWMULN[( f<v.8$H:0H:,=:)=¼xSWMU=·g¤ Jnw.;-$ ° nwf

5Di.;-$K´ A 1,200 mg/LK´ B: 0 mg/LK´ C: 0 mg/L

1­V

10-5mol/L1.0coU

Ba2+ + SO42-BaSO4Ksp = [Ba2+] [SO42-] = 1.0

10-10

BaSO4 %­V4 s ""[Ba2+] = [SO42-] = s
s2 = [Ba2+] [SO42-] = Ksp
s =Ksp
10-5 (mol/L)

= 1.02­V

10-8mol/L1.0

coU %"%­V4 s’""[Ba2+] = 0.010 + s’
[SO42-] = s’!s’ << 0.01 !
2+[Ba ]0.010/0.010s’ = 1.02%!

s’ = Ksp-810 (mol/L)!y1}L79H%µ¨&­%N%¡O4°®2-%!"e'39H

*X#4j,$z¯#"&¦2&²p79H$n!&|pa¦!&NP¥72&NP@D8B

4U~$Q2"!%U¤#¡O2µ%n4Q2pN].:F>"&J#2"$«NP¥79H%µ&NPa%4°®§¨!A6CH<
*2NPa&%;G7?
³q%=E79H^2,T4(2lµ%!&NP¥79HU~!
ru¬
^

L79H

"¡

*NP¥79H4a79H!1NP¥79H£ª$^

L79H

2,^!2/$#1*U~$Q03

1¢¨ !-NP*3$/1²p@D8B%­V`,#2,/1X#µR"#1*%gS&W5-/HgS"e'32-%!#¢¨!&­M%$¢¶\b±2"4°®I}%/$kiPY!Y)v$h+$Z3

1{2_79"²p79H"%[*©td!&«s$/1µ*/1X$µ2l$&­M%^f%L79H%¦2

*µ4U2"a79HU~"#1£ª$&a79H

2,ru¬n¨"e'3!%£ª$­M!U~$#²p79H%µ$&²p@D8B%°®3@D8B

Fajans600700 nm 4*.;G7?%w_79HgS

2"4/6xm

&¤JL`=©
W°x 2 y³­/2R*3O80K/2RI6C80K/2R-²##F<P/R7RHP5;RPC-t¨¬#i 200 #] PC !.O3N

D>5?:@')i-

«X3O80K/2R&I6C80K/2Rm-cs-#i 200 T}

t°W°

I6C80K/2R



!(4P@')3O80K/2R

jd²-#4P@!4P@t¨'"+*kUqb/2R«Sm-c*t¨!1=PR9.JRpoEDTA h¬¯*/2R- 4 g%*o

.O3Nb/2R!ej4P@!(+#EDTA !pY_o^«XpH 10 £a.O3N

0K/2R&I6C80K/2R 11Z-®¬*²¦4P@3O8LO¡²ej#B@N0K/2R

z-bru¨¥[-®¬f{#bru¨!

+v%4P@t¨©¯l*b/2Rej~j§±¥[-u# 1) yru¨(+#PC %4P@t¨ EDTA 3O80K/2RI6C80K/2R-*!1N25QKGM>5 TBT¨¬X(+#ru¨!nY_oH3In ¢` t°«X|²\ru*«

I6C80K/2Rej-#$+ejI6C80K/2R EDTA ,+z!©¯
1 bru¨!wo)#)oY_ru¨ª«X
EAQ48_- 2 g%´"BT !BF@ON«X-#.O3N')b/2Rej*¤q«XpH V¥[#)o«X!.O3

^¯EAQ48_Uejq¥[)#'=(<);.(o{=4A<£;x<>af=I}¢0F-:s~©              XSOTRUr&$.(N_Ur&%`=xo=qg+DnA42G3G=d¨=uI);

qx ¡§ =qgCEd¨=M^QK[JL`:YPWQK[JL*C?uIt  p9);.(45/uIo{0Fz<>9nADG4xo,8M^QK[JL`<¥0FB=:v)F-:@4o{hBl/;.(#N_UIwH;+64d¨<7(8>i¦<!N_UIwH;+64":)F-:@4I  jw64x<> j=qgI)F-:-G@9=rqgeJL`m?¤JL`=©qg

Ik.1;.(Z]\^

I@:A8/d¨==b9afcp@9)F-:|JL`>o{/8);.(;*VU]K[JL`*C?M]K[JL`=>i¦<ly.G8(FI¢(F-:7RTw;=K1m,d[to"   Of-/*(g_'1l:RTw;=K1ix-%+Y`&7#-?JCnm:]9/!*(Ph1>IB<H;=K-G@DB<H;=K1_Yto2j\o1l!6Y`%/$()%j\o"j+>IB<H;=K0z|&751-%+Y`&7#-
#84,1d[ZUa~RkQ;=KX3{;=K1mZU!6 e1Ph   "c1/!1.1AKEI,7!qm%/$

Vp}02AKEI1v^:Ws&7#-AKEILj\o OS1hrh
AKEIMj\o  1buFCIhAKEINj\o  1buFCIhVpy%;/ A 1,500 mg/L%;/ B: 35 mg/L%;/ C: 350 mg/L%;/ A70

<10.0 mLEDTA 9&42<15.20 mL,)6515.2 mmol/L1*51.52  103 mg/L)-(3,)65 x mmol/L x (mmol/L)  10.0 (mL)x = 15.2 (mmol/L)
1"!$8:

10.0 (mmol/L)  15.20 (mL)

=

'2

CaCO3 .< 100.1 

1*5mg/L[Ca ] (mol/L)  (100.1  103) (mg)0.0152  (100.1  103)%;/ B:#2+

1521.5242+

%;/ C:70<40.0 mLEDTA 9&42<11.60 mL,)652.90 mmol/L1*5290 mg/L)-(3,)65 x mmol/L x (mmol/L)  40.0 (mL)x = 2.90 (mmol/L)
1"!$8:10.0 (mmol/L)  11.60 (mL)

=

'2

CaCO3 .< 100.1 

1*5mg/L

[Ca2+] (mol/L)  (100.1  103) (mg)0.0029  (100.1  103)290.298

^Ä*·µmmol/LCa2+ + Mg2+Na+ + K+SO42

^Ä A

15.2

0.5

^Ä B0.4

0.7

 0.3

01.2

^Ä C

2.9

0.3

0.3

05.8ClHCO30.312.55.6^Ä A Z^Ä B: X^Ä C: Y*e8/$?UF§¦7nq5m:=W**%+(%1?UF§¦+µ¨(¦Æ¹*]#%°)r«>TB;P:=W&NAGB;P:=W±«*¦)+o(¦Æ¹%f(?UF§¦7sHQUEF*/)+LTIKEF03[('¦Æw0§¦w*É)c$?UF}¼0m|¼­*72Âd$4&À%?UF}¼&$¿<DUWC9OWzyEDTA+#*>TM?Bj7~#

y%9T>S¾_¢%*.>TB;P:=W0NAGB;P:=W&x74&%-k9T>S¾_¢%+9T>S¬Çm:=Wc·d$¤ª74/r«*¦)+¾_* pH 7f)£4&jº&(3-º}q%+pH i_7c$¾_* pH 7 10 )£$-©*p)+<S=@VPJRE@ TBT7¿-½5l/$»Å(£¸b7m|¼%>TB;P:=W&+\¦(x7-8*/¾_¢)NAGB;P:=Wv()+m|¼&$Á¿4&%-8©
7p%(-¾_¢*NAGB;P:=W±«)a$©*p)Á¿4£¸b7¸4´À3-º}q%·±«+ 13 mmol/L %³g¨±«¥}Ä^Ä AC*NAGB;P:=W/¾_*.h)$)("©©&(3-&6NAGB;P:=W±«23t)+¾_)."©¸©&-©&(3-d®È&$>TB;P:=Wu*¦¡%'5!f)¦4&%NAGB;P:=W±«*¡+

·*¦¡&³,$.$!(º}q%+^Ä B¯&^Ä C{²MFT*Ãy:=W±«7 0 mg/L&-u*±«+55 27.3 mg/L (0.284 mmol/L)14.4 mg/L (0.150 mmol/L)&(3--`b¶:=W*23f(±«+^Ä A12.7 mg/L (0.358 mmol/L)^Ä B11.8 mg/L (0.332 mmol/L)^Ä C8.32 mg/L (0.234 mmol/L)&(3-9]|*u2 a95;g3<8;=3<8;>Qv.

,+e's*?

b$.RX$<HBGIJ.u)sk%]|.r4{6.pz9qu)sk%]|9Vm*(~,]|.r4_69X3(7g,v/FA;?G)7LP.

t-d%=:AE@H*5087D

-~,u.\}.M-5&(]|.r4{6.Mw!7Qx9l1,)(%Qx9U37%3.eZ9Kea-^,*hn%]|* N9b"7*%cC>Gu<HBGI<HBGJ9j-fYR9d"*`T.eZ)bO2)W(,eZ-/sk(]|987*]|.r4{6/+.5-,7^&%eZ.%[o i.C>Gu-'#8$8y87YR*#.9l1,S~<HBGIdgfbQv|!e(*z+$s*dgcSy<HBGJ

QvedgfbQv"#y+s*N),+Ca2+Mg2+nPVMS+4/7:6<+ew

nPV+e

B+$*LoZ\[h].&2+2+

$4/7:6< Ca Mg WrpU+WrjiqFhz+2+

xCa Mg2+J%qkb+^O3<8;=fbQv 3 mL  EDTA

A 3 mL+dg 3 mL .CAe.|GMEEDTA

A.C+Qve2+2+4/7:6<MS Ca Mg /7:6<ewB2+(*{+EDTA t-,%R2+Ca Mg MSI.\T,+4+
^O3<8;>fbQv 3 mL  EDTA

A 3 mL+dg 3 mL .CAs*.|GMEEDTAqpU+A.C+Qvs*2+2+ Ca Mg Qvs*}+EDTA MSME}

2+

D,B&R2+Ca Mg MSI.\T+<HBGIm,+MEQve{*dg3<8;=H$,+@01<10,eK+`uYgl01<*_~+uY2

J=6H0Ca(HCO3)2
$-#«0!
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O

¢Z10)·10h[q$/%$(("¯Z%"¾¶<MDJN#%¿w57MÁ#_(1/«*¢Z1"
p¡$P#-0q$+/$P)sq3black tea!

%p¡$sa)%"3^0!10!}#%u'!"0!*1%º$uS¹1($,p¡$d/(q$!3Vn0!#¶¼

q$.q(IL@C3u!¦k*§y*1(4i%i$9KAª!"("2q$!/$jR3q!8J=6H57M+G:B=6H57M$mv¹!h&0!ez~µ!Â|$(EDTA 3½¹0!
6H57M3/!#`¨!\4$i?M>3´

8J=6H57M+G:B=

1.F5MA!"/(.#»"!%EDTA $o[3²]#~)#i;MALJ3r!
­%$©

((«$o[3·0)#{À$T57M­#³0!,p¡%Q}p¡wXp¡!Ubp¡¥wXp¡#f®1({À#w57M_(1MwX!0!«0!

¸W$8J=6H57M+G:B=6H57

c1($-#wX$!c0Á3Q}p¡!l&(Q°p¡­8J=6H57M!G:B=6H57MXZ¬+¿wX$g¸0t«*p¡­%")$p¡Y0!%

$Á$!3Ubp¡!l&(±{i¹x¤EAJO"0)«$o[P0$11/(4%¿w57M£¡