Instructions forthe "Mongolian-Chinese Dictionary: Online Version"2017.4.24
Table of Contents
1. Outline
1.1. The prologue
1.2. Main features
1.3. System requirements
1.4. Usage requirements
2. Components of entries in the dictionary
3. Usage method
3.1. Start-up
3.2. Components of the window
3.2.1. Search area
3.2.2. Buttons
3.2.3. Search result display area
3.2.4. The image of the original dictionary
3.2.5. Listen to the pronunciation
3.2.6. Cyrillic word
3.2.7. The links to the Cyrillic Mongolian dictionaries
3.3. Search method
3.3.1. Search object
3.3.1.1. “Mongolian Words” (Searching by traditional Mongolian)
3.3.1.2. “Roman Transcript” (Search by Romanized transcription)
3.3.1.3. “Search All” (Searching all letter strings)■The benefits of using “Search All” mode.
3.3.2. Types of search methods
3.3.3. Search options
3.3.3.1. Fuzzy Search■The advantage of “Fuzzy Search”
3.3.3.2. Case-insensitive
3.3.3.3. Exclude sub headwords (search only main headwords)
Supplemental Explanations
1. About "Mongolian-Chinese dictionary"
2. Some examples for explaining the relations between traditional Mongolian letters,
Roman transcript and the keyboard keys
3. Things to be careful of when searching by traditional Mongolian letters1１．Outline
1.1. The prologue
This "Mongolian-Chinese Dictionary: Online Version" is an electronic version of the"Mongolian-Chinese Dictionary: Revised and Enlarged Edition" (published by Inner
Mongolia University Press, 1999) which has been compiled by the Institute of Mongolian
Language Study, the School of Mongolian Studies of Inner Mongolia University. We have
prepared the data by computerizing the contents of the paper version so it is possible for you
to search for words by your computer on the Internet.
The project to realize an electronic dictionary through computerization was completed
by the Center for Northeast Asian Studies of Tohoku University, Japan and the School ofMongolian Studies of Inner Mongolia University, China through collaborative research withtechnical cooperation from ALMAS Inc.
1.2. Main features
・You can search for words by means of traditional Mongolian letters. If you put any words
into the search field using the Roman alphabet on your keyboard, they will automaticallybe converted into traditional Mongolian letters. The encoding of traditional Mongolian
letters is based on standard Unicode.
・You can not only search headwords (written in traditional Mongolian letters), but also
Roman transcripts, and the Chinese translation (written in Chinese characters) of theMongolian words. Furthermore, the full-text search of the data of the dictionary is also
possible.
・There are some "heteronym" or "polyphonic" letters in traditional Mongolian, that is, someletters have the same shape although they are pronounced differently. To make it easy tosearch the words that include any "polyphonic letter", our online dictionary has a function
called “Fuzzy Search“, that makes it possible to search using the shape of the letters.
・You can refer to the original pages of the paper version via the image.
・You can listen to the pronunciation of the word.
・The Cyrillic spelling of the word is attached to the headword in traditional Mongolian
letters. If you click on the Cyrillic spelling, you can jump to another Mongolian
dictionary in Cyrillic letters.
1.3. System requirements
The "Mongolian-Chinese Dictionary: Online Version" runs on a web browser.
Recommended system requirements are as follows: OS: Windows 7 and newer. Browser:
Firefox or InternetExplorer 9 and newer.

21.4. Usage requirements
You should install the following fonts so that your computer can properly display Mongolian
letters and the Romanization of Mongolian words.
Mongolian Universal White (to display and input Mongolian letters)
Moukan Goth12 (to display and input Roman transcriptions)

These fonts are available on our web page. You can download them from the site below for
free and install them on your computer.
http://hkuri.cneas.tohoku.ac.jp/p01/font
3. Usage method
3.1. Statr-up
Access the following URL on your web browser, then it will appear as a window below:
http://hkuri.cneas.tohoku.ac.jp/p01/
The home page of "Mongolian-Chinese Dictionary: Online Version"33.2. Components of the window
3.2.1. Search area
There are seven fields in a search area:① Search field (for filling in with the letter string)

Input the string of characters that you would like to search. You can enter them directly
by typing them or copying and pasting the string of characters.
② Search object field
Choose the Character type (traditional Mongolian, Roman transcript, and all).
③ Search method field④ Search option field⑤ Line number field (pulldown)⑥ Dictionary group field (pulldown)⑦ “Help” button (pulldown)
It displays a chart which shows the correspondence between the keyboard keys andtraditional Mongolian letters.
3.2.2. Buttons① “Start Search” button

It starts searching. (You may also do it by pressing the Enter key)
② “Delete the String” button
It deletes the whole string in the search field. (You may also do it by pressing the Esc key)
③ “Select All Dictionaries” button
If the program has more than one dictionary’s database, you can choose all of them atonce by pressing that button. However, it doesn’t work on this web site, since it has only
one database.

43.2.3. Search result display area
The image below is an example of a result when you input the word ᠲᠣᠯᠢ (toli) and search forit:① Headword (traditional Mongolian)② Romanized transcript of the headword③ Pronunciation of the headword by means of the International Phonetic Alphabet, abutton to listen to pronunciation, and the Cyrillic word equivalent to the head word.
④ Parts of speech, Chinese translation, examples, and their Chinese translation⑤ Location in the original dictionary (page and column). Those are linked with theimage format of the original page.
⑥ Number of hits
⑦ Page transition (see the image below)
If the search result is large and consists of more than one page, there will be buttons tomove the page. The numbers indicate the page numbers.

If there are no words that match the searched string, it will display “Not Found!”.

5

3.2.4. The image of the original dictionary
The numbers in the search result, which indicate the location, are linked to the image on theoriginal page. If you click on any page number, an image pops up.

You can move the image to any place and enlarge or reduce it by clicking on it.
If you put your mouse on the image and click once, it will be enlarged according to yourmovement(See the image below.). When you click the image again, the image will be
restored to its original size.

63.2.5. Listen to the pronunciation
If you click on the speaker icon ( ) on the right side of the phonetic alphabet, you can listen
to the pronunciation by a native Mongolian speaker.

3.2.6. Cyrillic word
Under the phonetic alphabet, a Cyrillic word is shown, which corresponds to the traditional
Mongolian headword.

The Cyrillic word is linked to other online Mongolian dictionaries by Cyrillic letters. If
you click on the Cyrillic word, it will lead you to another dictionary’s database such as“Я.Цэвэл: Монгол хэлний товч тайлбар толь (1966) ”, and it starts searching.
3.2.7. The links to the Cyrillic Mongolian dictionaries
If you click on the icon (▼) on the right side of the Cyrillic word, it will display a list of the
Cyrillic Mongolian dictionaries.

If you click on any title of the dictionaries, it will forward you to that respective database andwill search for the Cyrillic Mongolian word.

7

3.3. Search method
3.3.1. Search object
There are three types of search objects from which you can choose:

Types
蒙文词条

Mongolian Words
转写字母

Roman Transcript
全文

Search All

The column which will be searched
Headword (traditional Mongolian) column
Roman transcript column
All columns, that include Headword, Romanizedtranscription, Chinese Translation, Examples.

3.3.3.1. “Mongolian Words（蒙文词条）” (Searching by traditional Mongolian)
If you press any keyboard key, it will appear as traditional Mongolian letters in the search
field.
After searching string has displayed, press the Enter key. (You may also click on themagnifying glass icon instead). It starts searching and shows the result.
The part that matches the searched string will be displayed in red. If there are no matches, it
displays “Not Found!”.
■Showing the search history
The words you searched for (or search history) are saved, and it appears when you click on
the ▼ button located on the left side of the search field and pull it down. If you click on the
CLEAR button on the bottom, the entire search history will be erased.

8

The correspondence between keyboard keys,
traditional Mongolian letters, and Roman transcripts.
Traditional
Mongolian
letters

Keyboard keys

Vowelsᠠ ᠡ ᠢ ᠣ ᠤ ᠥ ᠥ ᠧ‍

a

a

e

e

i

i

o

o

u

u

O

O (Capital)
Uv(Capital)UE

E (Capital)

Consonantsᠨ ᠨ‍ᠭ᠌‍ ᠪ ᠫ ᠬ ᠬ᠋ ᠭ

n
ng

n
ng

N

b

b

p

p

q
k

q

h

ᠭ᠋ ᠮ ᠯ ᠰ ᠱgkG(Capital)
g

m

m

G

g

Roman
transcripts

Keyboard
keys

t

t

d

d

c

c

j

j

ᠶ ᠷ ᠸ ᠹ ᠺ ᠻ ᡂ ᠼ ᠽ ᠾ ᠿ ᡀ ᡁ

Romantranscriptsᠲ ᠳ ᠴ ᠵTraditional
Mongolian
letters

y

y

r

r

w

w

f

f

x

K (Capital)K

Q (Capital)C

C (Capital)

C

x

z

z

H

H (Capital)R

R (Capital)L

L (Capital)Z

Z (Capital)__(Underscore)(Underscore)--(Hyphen)(Hyphen)

MVS

l

l

s

s

S

S (Capital)

NNBSP

Please refer to the supplemental explanation to see examples of how to input traditional
Mongolian and Roman transcripts using the keyboard.
⇒ Supplemental explanation 2. Some examples for explaining the relations between
traditional Mongolian letters, Roman transcript and the keyboard keys

9

3.3.1.2. “Roman Transcript（转写字母）” (Search by Romanized transcription)
Choose the “Transcript” button on Search object field.

Pressing any keyboard key will automatically make it appear in Romanized transcript.
3.3.1.3. “Search All” (Searching all the columns)
If you select “Search All” mode, all strings such as headwords, Roman transcripts,
translations, and example sentences become part of the scope of your search.

Select the “Search All（全文）” in the search object field.
You should set the Input Method (IME) on your computer. The Input Method (IME) for
Simplified Chinese or traditional Mongolian is not equipped on this online dictionary. You
need do the setting yourself.
The part that matches with the searched string will be displayed in red .
If there are no matching words (or nothing was hit by the search), it will display “Not Found!”■The benefits of using “Search All” mode.
You can also use this program as a kind of “Chinese-Mongolian Dictionary”, by inputting
any Chinese word with Simplified characters. You need to use IME in your own computer to
input the Simplified Chinese characters. Pasting a copied word will also be accepted.
An example of searching the Chinese word “词典 (dictionary)” by “Search All” mode10

If you input any Mongolian letters into the search field in “Search All” mode, examples of
the word usage and example sentences will be also included in the search.
An example of searching the Mongolian word “ᠲᠣᠯᠢ‍(toli)” in “Search All” mode:

3.3.2. Types of search methods
There are four modes to choose in the Search method field:

Type of search method

Operation

Forward match

It shows the words that begin with the searched string

Exact match

It shows the words that completely match with the searched string

Backward match

It shows the words that end with the searched string

Partial match

It shows the words that include the searched string

If you choose “Mongolian Words” or “Roman Transcript” as the search object, it is possible
to choose any of these searching methods. However, when “Search All” mode is on, thesearching method becomes a “Partial match” automatically.

11

3.3.3. Search options
There are three types of search options as follow:

Types
Fuzzy
模糊查询

Case-insensitive
不分大小写Excludesub headwords
不包括副条

Search object

Operation

Traditional Mongolian words

It conducts a Fuzzy Search
It doesn’t distinguish between the upperand lower case. This function is onlyused for searching Roman transcript.

Romanized transcript

It excludes sub headwords from the
Traditional Mongolian words search object.
and Roman transcript

3.3.3.1. Fuzzy Search
When the Fuzzy Search mode is on, it doesn’t distinguish between the pair of letters.
・It doesn’t distinguish between the vowel letters o and u.
・It doesn’t distinguish between the vowel letters ö and ü.
・Except for the beginning of the word, it doesn’t distinguish between the vowel letters a and e.
・It doesn’t distinguish between the consonant letters t and d.
・It doesn’t distinguish between the consonant letters k and g.
The “Fuzzy Search” mode is on as default value, when you open our online dictionary.

■The advantage of “Fuzzy Search”
Actually, since there are many "heteronym" or "polyphonic" letters in Mongolian, it is
not easy to distinguish and to find the target word in a paper dictionary just by looking at theshapes of the letters. For example, a word spelled as ᠲᠣᠯᠢ in traditional Mongolian letters
contains two pairs of "heteronym letters," t / d, and o / u. Thus, there are four possible string
patterns in total, toli, doli, tuli or duli. It is impossible to identify them just by their shape.
The existence of “heteronym letters” in traditional Mongolian letters makes it hard tolearn Mongolian. If you were trying to find a word written in traditional Mongolian lettersand the word has "heteronym letters" in it, it means that there might be more than one way of12reading it (pronunciation). A word which has one pair of heteronym letters might be read in
two ways. If there are two pairs of heteronym letters, it might be read in four ways, and if
there are three pairs, it increases to eight ways. Then you have to comb through the dictionary
to find each of them. It is only after you have found the word in the dictionary that you canknow the correct reading (pronunciation) of the target word. That is why a learner needs a lotof time and effort to “read” traditional Mongolian scripts using paper dictionaries.
Quite a few Mongolian native speakers have another problem. Among the Mongolian
speakers in China, where traditional Mongolian is used, there are various dialects and thedifferences between them are huge. For them, Standard Mongolian (the pronunciation ofStandard Mongolian) is still not widespread so they normally read the Mongolian scripts withthe pronunciation of their own dialect. There are many variants of pronunciation for thewords which include “heteronym letters” depending on the dialect, and the gaps are huge. It
is not uncommon that the speakers get the pronunciations of t and d, o and u, g and k, and O
and U mixed up. Those pairs have the same shape when they are spelled with traditional
Mongolian letters. Seeing it from another point of view, this writing system plays a role infilling the gap of pronunciations among the dialects. Because of this situation searching forwords in the dictionary is not an easy task for both learners and Mongolian speakers.
Heteronym letters are usually classified and ordered based on Standard Mongolian
pronunciation.. Thus, the majority of Mongolian people who haven’t acquired the Standard
pronunciations can rarely find the word in a dictionary, no matter how they search the words
because of their dialects.
To mitigate this difficulty of searching for words including “heteronym letters”, weadded the “Fuzzy Search” search option, taking advantage of the computerized dictionary inthis "Mongolian-Chinese Dictionary: Online Version".
In Fuzzy Search, the pairs of “heteronym letters” are regarded as the same letters. In
other words, it equates the consonant letters t and d; g and k; the vowel letters o (the 4th
vowel) and u (the 5th vowel); ö (the 6th vowel) and ü (the 7th vowel), and a and e if they are
not at the beginning of the word.
For instance, whether you input a word spelled toli, doli, tuli or duli, the search resultshows every word that has the same shape as ᠲᠣᠯᠢ (it can be read as toli, doli, tuli or duli),
because the inputted letters will be automatically converted to ᠲᠣᠯᠢ in the search field. We cansay that “Fuzzy Search” produces an identical effect to searching the word by its shape in
traditional Mongolian scripts.
Here is another example. The word ᠣᠢᠮᠣᠰᠣ is registered as a string of oimoso (“socks”)
in our dictionary. If you use the Fuzzy Search function, whether you input oimoso, oimosu,
oimusu, oimuso, uimusu, uimuso, uimoso or uimosu, then ᠣᠢᠮᠣᠰᠣ (oimoso or “socks” ) will
be shown as a result. This is because they are all converted to ᠣᠢᠮᠣᠰᠣ in the search field, since
the vowel letters o (the 4th vowel) and u (the 5th vowel) are processed in the same way. In
addition, inputting any of the string üimösö, öimösü, öimüsü, öimüsö, üimüsü, üimüsö,
13üimösö or üimösü will get the same result and appear as ᠣᠢᠮᠣᠰᠣ in the traditional Mongolian
writing system.
The “Fuzzy Search” shows the word which has the same shape as the traditional
Mongolian word displayed in the search field when searching from the dictionary database.
Even if you input the wrong spelling (pronunciation) only knowing the appearance intraditional Mongolian letters, it searches every word that has the same appearance with andshows the “correct” pronunciations. Therefore, it's strongly recommended that you use the“Fuzzy Search” function when searching words which include “heteronym letters”.
3.3.3.2. Case-insensitive
If you check on “Case-insensitive” in the Search Option, it treats upper-case letters andlower-case letters as the same when searching. It is only effective when you chose “Roman
Transcript” or “Search All” mode in the Search object field.

Actually, both o and O, u and U, and g and G are assigned to the lower and upper caseon the keyboard; that is why the words produce matches regardless of their case.
3.3.3.3. Exclude sub headwords (search only main headwords)
If you check “Exclude sub headwords”, it searches only the main headwords excluding sub
headwords (idioms).

If you check “Exclude sub headwords” and search the word “ᠲᠣᠯᠢ (toli) ”, it shows main
headwords which have the spelling “ᠲᠣᠯᠢ (toli)” in their beginning.

14

Supplemental Explanations
1. About "Mongolian-Chinese dictionary"
1-1. Bibliographic information
Edited by the Mongolian Language Study
Center, the Institute of Mongolian Studies of
Inner Mongolia University, "MongolianChinese Dictionary: Revised and Enlarged
Edition", published by Inner Mongolia
University Press, 1999. A5 size. Prologue
and explanatory note: pp.1-30. Main content:
pp.1-1,414. Appendix: pp.1,415-1,519.
Number of words:
Main headwords 26,445.
Sub headwords (idioms) 27,296.
In total 53,741 headwords.

Contents of appendix:
Brief Grammar of Mongolian
Table of Punctuation for Mongolian
Table of Basic Stroke of Mongolian
Table of Uyghuro-Mongol Alphabet

pp.1417-1511
p.1512
pp.1513-1514
p.1515

Table of 'Phags-Pa Alphabet
Tabel of Tod Alphabet

pp.1516-1517
pp.1518-1519

The "Mongolian-Chinese Dictionary: Revised and Enlarged Edition" (published by
Inner Mongolia University Press, 1999) is a dictionary widely used by Mongolian people in
Inner Mongolia and other parts of the People's Republic of China. The editing work of the“Mongolian-Chinese Dictionary” started in the early 1960s. After going through a difficult
time of the Cultural Revolution, the first edition was published from Inner Mongolia People
Publishing House in 1976. Due to the fact that it contains around 50,000 entry words, it is15regarded as one of the largest Mongolian dictionaries in the world. The abundance of theentry words and reliability of its content made the dictionary quite popular and highly
regarded not only among the Mongols but also among students of the Mongolian language inthe world. Thus from the very beginning of its publication, the dictionary has been
acknowledged as the standard of modern written Mongolian.
The main feature of the “Revised and Enlarged Edition”, which has been in print since
1999, is its richness and its versatility. These have increased by having its content revised andenlarged on the basis of feedback from the first edition.
The “Revised and Enlarged Edition” is groundbreaking from the fact that the phonetic
denotation has been added to each headword by means of the International Phonetic
Alphabet(IPA). This is especially significant because written Mongolian is basically based on
the spelling system of 13th century Mongolian and its spelling is quite different from any
dialect of modern colloquial Mongolian. Furthermore, there are various dialects among theMongolian speakers in China, and the differences between them are huge. It was only at theend of 1970s that one of the dialects of Inner Mongolia or the Chakhar dialect of Shilingol
Aimag was decided to be the basis of the standard pronunciation for the Mongolian language
in China, but it is still far from being popular and widespread even in 2010s. Since thephonetic transcription of the dictionary is based on the standard pronunciation of colloquial
Mongolian, the dictionary has come to serve as the standard of spoken Mongolian as well as
written Mongolian.
From the “Mongolian-Chinese Dictionary: Revised and Enlarged Edition”, we used thedata to develop our online dictionary. We have got every single piece of information on the
online version such as: 1)entry words and examples in Mongolian script, 2)their Romanizedtranscriptions, 3)phonetic representations in IPA, 4)parts of speech, and 5)Chinese
equivalents(translations). In addition, we added such new data as 6)audio or sound data of
the pronunciation of each headword, 7)Cyrillic Mongolian equivalent 8)a link to online
dictionaries of Cyrillic Mongolian, and 9)graphical or image data of the page of the original
paper dictionary.

16

1-2. Components of entries in the dictionary
An entry consists of a “Main entry” and “Subentry”. The “Subentry” is the list of idioms
which include the headword in it.

Example of entries:
Red: Main entry
Blue: Subentry

A “Main entry” consists of five parts as follows:① Headword in Mongolian (traditional Mongolian)② Romanized transcript③ Pronunciation (International Phonetic Alphabet)④ Word class⑤ Chinese translation of the headword,

example sentences and their translation
A “Subentry” includes the following:① Idioms(traditional Mongolian)② Chinese translation of the idioms

171.3. Explanatory notes of abbreviations
1. Word class〔名〕Noun〔数〕Numeral〔及〕Transitive verb
〔助动〕Auxiliary verb
〔后〕Postposition〔情〕Modality word〔形〕Adjective〔量〕Quantifier〔不及〕Intransitive verb
〔联动〕Contact verb
〔连〕Conjunction〔感〕Emotional words〔代〕Pronoun〔时位〕Time word
〔代动〕Pro-verb〔副〕Adverb〔语〕Modal〔拟〕Onomatopoeia

2. Rhetoric〈口〉Spoken language〈旧〉Old words〈委〉Euphemism〈咒〉Curse〈方〉Dialect〈书〉Written language〈转〉Semantic change〈惯〉Phrase〈诙〉Witty〈讽〉Satire〈回〉Pronoun for avoidance 〈废〉Dead word〈尊〉Honorific, Term of respect
3. Subjects〈政〉Political〈军〉Military〈哲〉Philosophy〈农〉Agriculture〈林〉Forestry〈教〉Education〈工〉Engineering technology〈商〉Commerce〈文〉Literature〈艺〉Art〈史〉History〈体〉Sports〈地〉Geology, Geography〈逻〉Logic〈语〉Languages, letters〈法〉Legal〈宗〉Religion〈数〉Mathematics〈物〉Physics〈生〉Biology〈化〉Chemistry〈动〉Zoology〈植〉Botany〈气〉Meteorology〈生理〉Physiology, anatomy 〈医〉Medicine & Health〈天〉Astronomy〈计〉Computer〈考〉Archeology〈音〉Music

18〈经〉Finance〈牧〉Stock-farming2. Some examples for explaining the relations between traditional Mongolian letters,
Romanized transcript and the keyboard keys
By providing some examples, we are going to explain the correspondence between traditional
Mongolian letters, Romanized transcript displayed in a search field, and keys on keyboard.
When you open the online Mongolian-Chinese dictionary, a cursor is put in the search field
and the Character type is set to traditional Mongolian as a default value. So only you have to
do is to press keys on your keyboard, and they will be automatically converted to traditional
Mongolian letters in search field. (Make sure that the fonts are installed in your computer!)If you choose, by search object, “Romanized Transcription （转写字母）” the letters iput
from your keyboard will be automatically converted to Romanized transcript.
≪Exercise 1» Type the letters presented below using your keyboard. Check that they aredisplayed properly.
Keyboard
Inputted letters
nige
qoyar
Gurba
dOrbe
tabu
jirGuG_a
doloG_anai`mayisU
arba

Displayed in search field
Traditional
Mongolian letters

ᠨᠢᠭᠡ
ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ
ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ
ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡ
ᠲᠠᠪᠤ
ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭ‍ᠠᠳᠣᠯᠣᠭ‍ᠠᠨᠠᠢ᠍ᠮᠠ
ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠠᠷᠪᠠ

Romanized
transcript

Meaning

nige

One

qoyar

Two

Gurba

Three

dOrbe

Four

tabu

Five

jirGuG_a

Six

doloG_a

Seven

naima

Eight

yisU

Nine

arba

Ten

You can also type as shown below when inputting traditional Mongolian letters:
・The word ᠨᠠᠢ᠍ᠮᠠ (“Eight”) has a special spelling and actually, you need to type as “nai`ma”.
However, even if you type as “naima” and it was displayed as ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠ in the search field, it
produces a match for the correct form or ᠨᠠᠢ᠍ᠮᠠ (“Eight”).
・It's not always necessary to type an underscore ( _ ). If you input “jirGuGa” and “doloGa”
instead of “jirGuG_a” and “doloG_a” they will be displayed as ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠ‍ ᠳᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠ, which
doesn’t affect the search result.
・You can use h instead of using q and k. You can also use g instead of using G.
E.g. “hoyar, gurba, jirguga dologa” instead of “qoyar, Gurba, jirGuG_a, doloG_a”.
19≪Exercise 2» In order to input the “diphthongs” you need to type them as “ai, ei, oi, ui” or“Ui”.
Keyboard

Displayed in search field
Meaning

Inputted letters

Traditional
Mongolian letters

Romanized
transcript

ail

ᠠᠢᠯ

ail

Household

naija

ᠨᠠᠢᠵᠠ

naija

A close friend

eimU

ᠡᠢᠮᠦ

eimU

Such; Like thisneigemᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮ

neigemSociety

oir_a

ᠣᠢᠷ‍ᠠ

oir_a

Near

qoin_aᠬᠣᠢᠨ‍ᠠ

qoin_a

After

uitan

ᠤᠢᠲᠠᠨ

uitan

Narrow・When inputting traditional Mongolian letters, typing an underscore ( _ ) is not always
necessary. Even if you input the word “oira, qoina” without an underscore and it was
displayed as ᠣᠢᠷᠠ‍ᠬᠣᠢᠨᠠ, it doesn’t affect the search result.
«Exercise 3» The spelling of round vowels located after second syllable is based on that on

the "Mongolian-Chinese Dictionary".
Keyboard
Inputted letters

Displayed in search field
Traditional
Mongolian letters

Romanized
transcript

Meaning

oimosoᠣᠢᠮᠣᠰᠣ

oimosoSocks

toGosoᠲᠣᠭᠣᠰᠣ

toGoso

Dust

siroi

ᠰᠢᠷᠣᠢ

siroi

Clod;Soil

qodoGodoᠬᠣᠳᠣᠭᠣᠳᠣ

qodoGodo

Stomach

OndOr

ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ

OndOr

High

tOmOsOᠲᠥᠮᠥᠰᠥ

tOmOsO

PotatoirOgelᠢᠷᠥᠭᠡᠯ

irOgelBenediction

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«Exercise 4» Sequel to inputting example of traditional Mongolian letters:

Keyboard
Inputted letters
quluGan_aUker
bars
taulai
luu
moGai
mori
qoni
becin
takiy_a
noqai
Gaqai

Displayed in search field
Traditional
Mongolian lettersᠬᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ‍ᠠᠦᠬᠡᠷᠪᠠᠷᠰᠲᠠᠤᠯᠠᠢ
ᠯᠤᠤ
ᠮᠣᠭᠠᠢ
ᠮᠣᠷᠢ
ᠬᠣᠨᠢ
ᠪᠡᠴᠢᠨ
ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠶ‍ᠠ
ᠨᠣᠬᠠᠢ
ᠭᠠᠬᠠᠢ

Romanized
transcript

MeaningquluGan_a

Mouse

Uker

Ox

bars

Tiger

taulai

Rabbitluu

Dragon

moGai

Snake

mori

House

qoni

Sheep

becin

Ape

takiy_a

Hen; Cock

noqai

Dog

Gaqai

Pig; Boar«Exercise 5» Sequel to inputting example of traditional Mongolian letters:

Keyboard
Inputted letters
kOke
ciki
jirUkesir_aSuugiyan
SugUrmingG_amOnggOsedkilqubisqal

Displayed in search field
Traditional
Mongolian letters

ᠬᠥᠬᠡ
ᠴᠢᠬᠢ
ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ
ᠰᠢᠷ‍ᠠᠱᠤᠤᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ
ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠷᠮᠢᠩᠭ‍ᠠ
ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠥᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ
ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ
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Romanized
transcript

Meaning

kOke

Blue

ciki

Ear

jirUke

Heart

sir_a

Yellow

Suugiyan

Noize

SUgUr

Broom

mingG_aThousandmOnggO

SilversedkilHeart; mind

qubisqal

Revolution

3. Things to be careful of when you search by traditional Mongolian letters
The fact that there are several kinds of “heteronym” or “polypnonic” letters in
traditional Mongolian concerns considerably searching by “traditional Mongolian” mode.
For example, the letter t and d have the same shape, so toli or doli, whichever you input
in search field, it converted as ᠲᠣᠯᠢ and those seem the same in shape. However, t and d are
different letters, so the search results of toli and doli will be different.
Search result by inputting "toli (ᠲᠣᠯᠢ)" (Forward match)

Search result by inputting "doli (ᠲᠣᠯᠢ)" (Forward match)

In those two examples as above, the search results are quite different, even though bothof them were displayed as ᠲᠣᠯᠢ and seem to be indistinguishable in appearance. It is one of thefeatures of traditional Mongolian script that makes it impossible to distinguish between thewords toli and doli by their appearance (ᠲᠣᠯᠢ) alone.
In addition, the vowels o (so-called the 4th vowel) and u (so-called the 5th vowel) intraditional Mongolian script are “heteronym letters” that share the same shape. Thus, not only
toli and doli, but also tuli and duli take the same shape or ᠲᠣᠯᠢ. However, the search result will22

be different, despite being the same in appearance (ᠲᠣᠯᠢ), because t , d, o , u are absolutely
different letters.
Search result by inputting "tuli (ᠲᠣᠯᠢ)"Search result by inputting "duli (ᠲᠣᠯᠢ)"Other than this, the consonants g and k , vowel ö (the 6th vowel) and ü (the 7th vowel)
are also “heteronym letters” in traditional Mongolian script. Furthermore, vowels a and e arealso the same shape except on the beginning of the word. It means that it is not uncommon in
traditional Mongolian script to not be able to figure out which letter it is (or how it ispronounced), by the shape alone.
Therefore, sometimes it happens that the search function doesn’t work properly, eventhough the appearance of the word that you input seems to be correct.
For instance, an example below, even though it looks as if the correct word ᠨᠢᠬᠡ (nige“one”) is input in search field, the search result displays as “Not Found!”.

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This is not due to the absence of the word ᠨᠢᠬᠡ (nige “one”) in the dictionary database,but rather due to the displayed search result as nike.
If you search by inputting nige (ᠨᠢᠬᠡ) correctly, the result will be as follows:

The next one is the same situation. Thus, it looks as if the word ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ (qoyar “tow”) is
inputted in search field, actually it is the word quyar and the result is displaying as “Not
Found!”.

If you input qoyar (ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ) correctly, the result wil be displayed as follows:24

In this manner, despite it seeming to be the same as the correct spelling, if the inputted“letters” are not the correct ones, the search function doesn’t work properly.
In other words, you should always be aware that the search result will be different
depending on the difference of letters, despite being the same in appearance, when you aregoing to search by traditional Mongolian letters and it includes “heteronym letters” in thestring you are going to search.
Please take notice that our dictionary has the “Fuzzy Search” function in order to makeit easier to search the words that include “heteronym letters”.
★The “Fuzzy Search” mode is on, as default value, when you open our online dictionary.

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