Building the Data Science
Profession in Europe
Yuri Demchenko
23 October 2016

Grant 675419 (INFRASUPP-4-2015: CSA)

Outline•

Background and motivation– Demand for Data Science and European initiatives related to Digital Single Market and Digital Skills•

EDISON Data Science Framework (EDSF)– From Data Science Competences to Body of Knowledge and Model Curriculum•

Data Science Competence Framework: Essential competences and skills•

Data Science Professional profiles and taxonomy•

Educational and training focus– Data Science Body of Knowledge (DS-BoK)– Data Science Model Curriculum (MC-DS)•

Further developments to formalise EDSF and Data Science profession establishment•

Discussion and Invitation to cooperation
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Grant 675419 (INFRASUPP-4-2015: CSA)EDISON Data Science Framework (EDSF)
DS-BoK

MC-DS

EDISON Online
Educational Environt

CF-DS
Taxonomy andVocabulary

Data Science
Framework

Edu&Train Marketpltz
and Directory

DS Prof Profiles

Foundation & Concepts

Services

EDISON Framework components
–
–
–
–
–
3

CF-DS – Data Science Competence Framework
DS-BoK – Data Science Body of Knowledge
MC-DS – Data Science Model Curriculum
DSP - Data Science Professional profiles definition
Data Science Taxonomies and Scientific Disciplines Classification
ECCD Workshop World of Watson 2016

Defining the Data Science Profession

Roadmap &Sustainability• Community
Portal (CP)• Professional
certification• Data Science
career & prof
development

Biz Model

EDISON Data Science Framework (EDSF) Release 1 (Oct 2016)
DS-BoK

MC-DS

EDISON Online
Educational Environt

CF-DS
Taxonomy andVocabulary

Data Science
Framework

Edu&Train Marketpltz
and Directory

DS Prof Profiles

Foundation & Concepts

Services

EDISON Framework components
–
–
–
–
–
4

CF-DS – Data Science Competence Framework
DS-BoK – Data Science Body of Knowledge
MC-DS – Data Science Model Curriculum
DSP - Data Science Professional profiles definition
Data Science Taxonomies and Scientific Disciplines Classification
ECCD Workshop World of Watson 2016

Defining the Data Science Profession

Roadmap &Sustainability• Community
Portal (CP)• Professional
certification• Data Science
career & prof
development

Biz Model

Background Frameworks and Standards
e-CFv3.0 - European e-Competence Framework for IT– Structured by 4 Dimensions and organizational processes• Competence Areas: Plan – Build – Run – Enable - Manage• Competences: total defined 40 competences• Proficiency levels: identified 5 levels linked to professional education levels• Skills and Knowledge

CWA 16458 (2012): European ICT Professional Profiles Family Tree
– Defines 23 ICT profiles for common ICT jobs

ESCO (European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations)– Standard for European job market since 2016
– Expected inclusion of the Data Science occupations family – mid 2017

ACM Classification of Computer Science – CCS (2012)– ACM Computer Science Body of Knowledge (CS-BoK) and ACM and IEEE Computer Science
Curricula 2013 (CS2013)
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EDISON Data Science Competence Framework• How it was made• 5 main Data Science competences groups• Skills, tools and languages• Practical use of the CF-DS• Data Science Professional profiles and occupations family

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Demanded Data Science Competences and Skills: Jobs market
analysis and stakeholders
Initial Analysis (period Aug – Sept 2015) -> Continuous monitoring (indevelopment)– IEEE Data Science Jobs (World but majority US)• Collected > 120, selected for analysis > 30, verified with 100s job ads– LinkedIn Data Science Jobs (NL)
• Collected > 140, selected for analysis > 30, verified with 100s job ads– Existing studies and reports + numerous blogs & forums

Analysis methods– Data analytics methods: classification, clustering, expert evaluation– Research methods: Data collection - Hypothesis – Artefact - Evaluation

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Defining the Data Science Profession

Data Scientist Definition
Based on the definition by NIST Big Data WG (NIST SP1500 - 2015)
A Data Scientist is a practitioner who has sufficient knowledge in theoverlapping regimes of expertise in business needs, domain knowledge,
analytical skills, and programming and systems engineering expertise to
manage the end-to-end scientific method process through each stage inthe big data lifecycle– …Till the delivery of expected scientific and business value to science or industry[ref] Legacy: NIST BDWG
definition of Data Science

Other definitions to admit such features as– Ability to solve variety of business problems, tell “stories”, input to decision making– Optimize performance and suggest new services for the organisation– Develop a special mindset and be statistically minded, understand raw data and“appreciate data as a first class product”••
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Data science is the empirical synthesis of actionable knowledge and technologies required tohandle data from raw data through the complete data lifecycle process.
Big Data is the technology to build system and infrastructures to process large volume ofstructurally complex data in a time effective way
Defining the Data Science Profession

Identified Data Science Competence Groups
Commonly accepted Data Science competences/skills groups include– Data Analytics or Business Analytics or Machine Learning– Engineering or Programming– Subject/Scientific Domain Knowledge

EDISON identified 2 additional competence groups demanded by organisations– Data Management, Curation, Preservation– Scientific or Research Methods and/vs Business Processes/Operations

Other skills commonly recognized aka “soft skills” or “social/professional intelligence”– Inter-personal skills or team work, cooperativeness

Important aspects of integrating Data Scientist into organisation structure– General Data Science (and Data) literacy for all involved roles and management– Common agreed and understandable way of communication and information/data presentation– Role of Data Scientist: Provide a kind of literacy advice and guidance to organisation
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Defining the Data Science Profession

Data Science Competence Groups - Research
Data Science Competence
includes 5 areas/groups
•
•
•
•
•

Data Analytics
Data Science Engineering
Domain Expertise
Data Management
Scientific Methods (or Business
Process Management)

Scientific Methods
•
•
•
•
•
•

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Defining the Data Science Profession

Design Experiment
Collect Data
Analyse Data
Identify Patterns
Hypothesise Explanation
Test Hypothesis

Data Science Competence Groups - Business
Data Science Competence
includes 5 areas/groups
•
•
•
•
•

Data Analytics
Data Science Engineering
Domain Expertise
Data Management
Scientific Methods (or Business
Process Management)

Business Process
Operations/Stages
•
•
•
•
•

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DesignModel/Plan
Deploy & Execute
Monitor & Control
Optimise & Re-designIdentified Data Science Competence Groups
Data Science Analytics
Data Management(DSDA)(DSDM)
Use
appropriate
Develop and0statistical techniques
implement dataand predictive analytics management strategy
on available data tofor data collection,deliver insights andstorage, preservation,
discover new relations
and availability forfurther processing.
1

DSDA01
Use predictive analytics
to analyse big data anddiscover new relations

2

Data Science Engineering(DSENG)Use engineering principles
to research, design,develop and implement
new instruments andapplications for datacollection, analysis andmanagement

DSDA02
Use statistical techniq todeliver insights

DSDM01Develop and implement
data strategy, inparticular, DataManagement Plan(DMP)
DSDM02Develop data models
including metadata

DSENG01
Use engineering principles todesign, prototype data
analytics applications, ordevelop instruments,
systems
DSENG02
Develop and apply
computational solutions

3

DSDA03Develop specialized …

DSDM03
Collect integrate data

4

DSDA04
Analyze complex data

5

DSDA05Use different analytics

Research/Scientific Methods (DSRM)

Data Science Domain Knowledge, e.g.
Business Processes (DSDK/DSBPM)
Create new understandings andUse domain knowledge (scientific or
capabilities by using the scientificbusiness) to develop relevant data
method (hypothesis, test/artefact,
analytics applications, and adopt
evaluation) or similar engineering
general Data Science methods tomethods to discover new approaches
domain specific data types andto create new knowledge and achieve presentations, data and process
research or organisational goals
models, organisational roles andrelations
DSRM01DSBPM01
Create new understandings andUnderstand business and provide
capabilities by using scientific/ research insight, translate unstructured
methods or similar domain related
business problems into an abstractdevelopment methods
mathematical framework
DSBPM02
Participate strategically and tacticallyin financial decisions

DSENG03
Develops specialized tools

DSRM02
Direct systematic study toward a fuller
knowledge or understanding of theobservable facts
DSRM03
Undertakes creative work

DSDM04Maintain repository

DSENG04
Design, build, operate

DSRM04
Translate strategies into actions

DSBPM04
Analyse data for marketing

DSDM05Visualise cmplx data

DSENG05
Secure and reliable data

DSRM05Contribute to organizational goals

DSBPM05
Analyse optimise customer relatio

DSBPM03
Provides support services to otherIdentified Data Science Skills/Experience Groups
Group 1: Skills/experience related to competences– Data Analytics and Machine Learning– Data Management/Curation (both general and scientific)– Data Science Engineering (hardware and software) skills– Scientific/Research Methods or Business Process Management– Application/subject domain related (research or business)– Mathematics and Statistics

Group 2: Big Data (Data Science) tools and platforms– Big Data Analytics platforms– Mathematics & Statistics applications & tools– Databases (SQL and NoSQL)– Data Management and Curation platform– Data and applications visualisation– Cloud based platforms and tools

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Group 3: Programming and programming
languages and IDE– General and specialized development platforms fordata analysis and statistics

Group 4: Soft skills or Social Intelligence– Personal, inter-personal communication, team work,
professional network

Practical Application of the CF-DS
Basis for the definition of the Data Science Body of Knowledge (DS-BoK) and Data Science
Model Curriculum (MC-DS)– CF-DS => Learning Outcomes (MC-DS) => Knowledge Areas (DS-BoK)– CF-DS => Data Science taxonomy of scientific subjects and vocabulary

Data Science Professional profiles definition– Extend existing EU standards and occupations taxonomies: e-CFv3.0, ESCO, others

Professional competence benchmarking– For customizable training and career development– Including CV or organisational profiles matching

Professional certification– In combination with DS-BoK professional competences benchmarking

Vacancy construction tool for job advertisement (for HR)– Using controlled vocabulary and Data Science Taxonomy
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Example competence benchmark result
Red polygon indicates the chosen
professional profile
Yellow polygon indicates thepractitioner competences/skills
Insufficient competences are shownin a bold typeface[ref] Kim Hee et al (Frankfurt Univ) “Tailored Data
Science Education using Gamification” - DTW2016
Workshop EDISON research paper

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Data Science Professions Family
Professional profiles
groups are defined incompliance with the
ESCO taxonomy

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Data Science Occupations: Extension for the ESCO (2016) (1)22 DSP# Enumerated Data
Science and Data related
profiles defined by EDISON
Framework

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Data Science Occupations: Extension for the ESCO (2016) (2)18

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Defining the Data Science Profession

Example Mapping CF-DS groups to the DSP profiles
Relevance of acompetence to a DSP
profile:5 – high, 1 - low

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Defining the Data Science Profession

Data Science or Data Management Group/Department: Organisational
structure and staffing - EXAMPLE
Data Science or Data Management Group/Department>> Reporting to CDO/CTO/CEO• Providing cross-organizational– Group Manager
services– Data Science Architect– Data Analyst– Data Science Application programmer– Data Infrastructure/facilities administrator/operator: storage, cloud, computation– Data stewards

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ECCD Workshop World of Watson 2016

Defining the Data Science Profession

Data Science or Data Management Group/Department: Organisational
structure and staffing - EXAMPLE
Data Science or Data Management Group/Department>> Reporting to CDO/CTO/CEO• Providing cross-organizational– (Managing) Data Science Architect (1)services– Data Scientist (1), Data Analyst (1)– Data Science Application programmer (2)– Data Infrastructure/facilities administrator/operator: storage, cloud, computing(1)– Data stewards, curators, archivists (3-5)
Estimated: Group of 10-12 data specialists for research institution of 200-300
research staff.
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EXAMPLE: IBM emerging professions[ref] Cortnie Abercrombie, What CEOs want from
CDOs and how to deliver on it (2016) [online]
http://www.slideshare.net/IBMBDA/what-ceoswant-from-cdos-and-how-to-deliver-on-it
Mastering the art of data science: How to craft
cohesive teams that create business results, IBM
Institute for Business Value, 2016
– Create data science teams with varied
backgrounds and skills

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Education and Training
Foundation and methodological base
– Data Science Body of Knowledge (DS-BoK)• Taxonomy and classification of Data Science related scientific subjects– Data Science Model Curriculum (MC-DS)• Set Learning Units mapped to CF-DS Learning and DS-BoK Knowledge Areas/Units– Instructional methodologies and teaching models

Platforms and environment– Virtual labs, datasets, developments platforms– Online education environment and courses management

Services– Individual benchmarking and profiling tools (competence assessment)– Knowledge evaluation tools– Certifications and training– Education and training marketplace: Courses catalog and repository
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Data Science Body of Knowledge (DS-BoK)
DS-BoK Knowledge Area Groups (KAG)
KAG1-DSA: Data Analytics group including
Machine Learning, statistical methods,
and Business Analytics
KAG2-DSE: Data Science Engineering group
including Software and infrastructure engineering
KAG3-DSDM: Data Management group including data curation, preservation anddata infrastructure
KAG4-DSRM: Scientific/Research Methods group
KAG5-DSBP: Business process management group
Data Science domain knowledge to be defined by related expert groups
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Data Science Model Curriculum (MC-DS)
Data Science Model Curriculum includes– Learning Outcomes (LO) definition based on CF-DS• LOs are defined for CF-DS competence groups and for all enumerated
competences– LOs mapping to Learning Units (LU)
• LUs are based on CCS(2012) and universities best practices• Data Science university programmes and courses inventory (interactive)
http://edison-project.eu/university-programs-list– LU/course relevance: Mandatory Tier 1, Tier 2, Elective, Prerequisite– Learning methods and learning models (in progress)• Based on Bloom’s Taxonomy, Outcome Based Learning, etc
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Example DSBoK Knowledge
Areas definition
and mapping toexisting BoKs
and CCS (2012)26

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Example MC-DS Mapping Learning Units to DS-BoK and CCS (2012)27

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Further Developments and Actions•

Run surveys and key interviews for target communities– Primarily experts, visionaries and top executives at universities and companies•

Work with champion universities to practically validate the proposed EDSF•

Run a serial of the Champion Universities conferences: Spring 2017 and Summer 2017
– Extend scope to Champions, Adopters, Ambassadors and Professionals•

Involve academic and industry experts and professional organisations to the definition of
DS-BoK following from CF-DS•

Formally provide suggestions to ESCO for the definition of the Data Science professional
profiles (occupations) family•

Formally provide suggestions for e-CF3.0 extensions for Data Science to CEN/PC 428– Involve national e-CF bodies and adopters where available•
28

Suggest required ACM CCS(2012) Classification extensions and proposal for Data Sciencecurriculum definition
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Defining the Data Science Profession

Discussion
Questions & Comments
Invitation to contribution and cooperation:– Forum, EDISON Liaisons Groups, Champions Conference (Spring & Summer 2017)

EDISON project website http://edison-project.eu/
EDISON Data Science Framework Release 1 (EDSF)
http://edison-project.eu/edison-data-science-framework-edsf
Survey Data Science Competences: Invitation to participate
https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/EDISON_project_-_Defining_Data_science_profession

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/29

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Links to EDSF and other EDISON resources
EDISON project website http://edison-project.eu/
EDISON Data Science Framework Release 1 (EDSF)
http://edison-project.eu/edison-data-science-framework-edsf– Data Science Competence Framework
http://edison-project.eu/data-science-competence-framework-cf-ds– Data Science Body of Knowledge
http://edison-project.eu/data-science-body-knowledge-ds-bok– Data Science Model Curriculum
http://edison-project.eu/data-science-model-curriculum-mc-ds– Data Science Professional Profiles
http://edison-project.eu/data-science-professional-profiles-definition-dsp

Survey Data Science Competences: Invitation to participate
https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/EDISON_project_-_Defining_Data_science_profession
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Definitions (according to e-CFv3.0)
Competence is a demonstrated ability to apply knowledge, skills and attitudes for achievingobservable results.
– Competence vs Competency (e-CF vs ACM)
• Competence is ability acquired by training or education (linked to learning outcome)• Competency is similar to skills or experience (acquired feature of a person)

Competence is not to be confused with process or technology concepts such as, ‘Cloud
Computing’ or ‘Big Data’. These descriptions represent evolving technologies and in thecontext of the e-CF, they may be integrated as elements within knowledge and skill
examples.
Knowledge in the context of competence definition is treated as something to know, to beaware of, familiar with, and obtained as a part of education.
Skills is treated as provable ability to do something and relies on the person’s experience.
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Data Scientist and Subject Domain Specialist
Subject domain components– Model (and data types)– Methods– Processes– Domain specific data and presentation/visualization methods– Organisational roles and relations

Data Scientist is an assistant to Subject Domain Specialists– Translate subject domain Model, Methods, Processes into abstract data driven form
– Implement computational models in software, build required infrastructure and tools– Do (computational) analytic work and present it in a form understandable to subject domain– Discover new relations originated from data analysis and advice subject domain specialist– Present/visualise information in domain related actionable way– Interact and cooperate with different organizational roles to obtain data and deliver results and/or
actionable data
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Data Science and Subject Domains
Data Science domain components
Data structures &databases/storage
Visualisation

Data Scientist role is tomaintain the Data Value
Chain (domain specific):
Data Integration =>Organisation/Process/Business
Optimisation => Innovation• Abstract data driven
math&compute models• Data Analytics
methods• Data and Applications
Lifecycle Management

Crossorganisational
assistive role

Data Scientist functions is to translate between two domains

Domain specific components
Domain specificdata & presentation(visualization)
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ECCD Workshop World of Watson 2016

Defining the Data Science Profession• Models (and data types)• Methods• Processes

Organisationalroles

KAG3-DSDM: Data Management group: data curation,
preservation and data infrastructure
DM-BoK version 2 “Guide for performing data
management”– 11 Knowledge Areas(1) Data Governance(2) Data Architecture(3) Data Modelling and Design(4) Data Storage and Operations(5) Data Security(6) Data Integration and Interoperability(7) Documents and Content(8) Reference and Master Data
(9) Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence(10) Metadata(11) Data Quality
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Other Knowledge Areas motivated by RDA,
European Open Data initiatives, European
Open Data Cloud(12) PID, metadata, data registries(13) Data Management Plan
(14) Open Science, Open Data, Open Access,
ORCID(15) Responsible data use•

Highlighted in red: Considered (Research) DataManagement literacy (minimum required
knowledge)

Research Data Management Model Curriculum –Part of the EDISON Data Literacy Training
A. Use cases for data management and stewardship– Preserving the Scientific Record
B. Data Management elements (organisational and individual)– Goals and motivation for managing your data
– Data formats– Creating documentation and metadata, metadata for discovery– Using data portals and metadata registries– Tracking Data Usage– Handling sensitive data
– Backing up your data
– Data Management Plan (DMP) - to be a part of hands on session
C. Responsible Data Use Section (Citation, Copyright, Data Restrictions)
D. Open Science and Open Data (Definition, Standards, Open Data use andreuse, open government data)– Research data and open access– Repository and self- archiving services– ORCID identifier for data
– Stakeholders and roles: engineer, librarian, researcher– Open Data services: ORCID.org, Altmetric Doughnut, Zenodo
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Collaboration with the Research Data
Alliance (RDA) on developing model
curriculum on Research Data Literacy:• Modular, Customisable, Localised,Open Access• Supported by the network of trainers
via resource swap board

E. Hands on:a) Data Management Plan designb) Metadata and toolsc) Selection of licenses for open dataand contents (e.g. Creative Common
and Open Database)Demand for Data Science and data related professions
McKinsey Global Institute on Big Data Jobs (2011 and 2014)
IDC Report on European Data Market (2015)
European initiatives and directives– Digitising European Industry: Reaping the full benefits of a Digital Single Market. COM(2016) 180 final, Brussels,
19.4.2016– European Cloud Initiative - Building a competitive data and knowledge economy in Europe, COM(2016) 178 final,
Brussels, 19.4.2016– A New Skills Agenda for Europe, COM(2016) 381 final Brussels, 10.6.2016– Launch Digital Skills and Jobs Coalition (1st December 2016, Brussels) to develop comprehensive national digitalskills strategies by mid-2017

HLEG report on European Open Science Cloud (Oct. 2016) identified need for data experts and data
stewards– Estimation: More than 80,000 data stewards (1 per every 20 scientists)– Core data experts need to be trained and their career perspective improved

OECD on Skills for a Digital World (25 May 2016)– Demand for new type of “dynamic self-re-skilling workforce”
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Demand for Data Science and data related professions
McKinsey Global Institute on Big Data Jobs (2011)
http://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/publications/big_data/index.asp– Estimated gap of 140,000 - 190,000 data analytics skills by 2018

UK Big Data skills report 2014
– 6400 UK organisations with 100+ staff will have implemented
Big Data Analytics by 2020
– Increase of Big Data jobs from 21,400 (2013) to 56,000 (2017)

UK Big Data skills
report 2014

IDC Report on European Data Market (2015)– Number of data workers 6.1 mln (2014) - increase 5.7% from 2013
– Average number of data workers per company 9.5 - increase 4.4%
– Gap between demand and supply 509,000 (2014) or 7.5%

HLEG report on European Open Science Cloud (2016) identified need for data experts and data stewards– Recommendation: Allocate 5% grant funding for Data management and preservation– Estimation: More than 80,000 data stewards (1 per every 20 scientists)– Core data experts need to be trained and their career perspective improved

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Recent European Commission Initiatives 2016
Digitising European Industry: Reaping the full benefits of a Digital Single Market. COM(2016) 180 final,
Brussels, 19.4.2016
The need for new multidisciplinary and digital skills in particular Data Scientist– Expected rapidly growing demand will lead to more than 800 000 unfilled vacancies by 2020

European Cloud Initiative - Building a competitive data and knowledge economy in Europe, COM(2016) 178
final, Brussels, 19.4.2016
European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) and European digital research and data infrastructure– To offer 1.7 million European researchers and 70 million professionals in science and technology open and seamless services forstorage, management, analysis and re-use of research data

Address growing demand and shortage of data-related skills

A New Skills Agenda for Europe, COM(2016) 381 final Brussels, 10.6.2016
Addresses the need for digital and complementary skills, ensure young talents flow into data driven research and industry

Launch Digital Skills and Jobs Coalition (1st December 2016, Brussels) to develop comprehensive national digital skills
strategies by mid-2017

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OECD on Digital Economy
Demand for new type of “dynamic self-re-skilling workforce”
Continuous learning and professional development to become a shared
responsibility of workers and organisations[ref] SKILLS FOR A DIGITAL WORLD, OECD, 25-May-2016
http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=DSTI/ICCP/IIS(2015)10/FINAL&docLanguage=En

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