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Global Cooperation Newsletter

January 2016

International Council on Social Welfare

ICSW

The voluntary sector in Jamaica: Youth issues
highlighted By Winsome Wilkins
Youth development is vital element of overall development in any
country, and Jamaica is no exception. Young people are key stakeholders
in the implementation of new 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,
having a vested interest in its success now and in the longer run. There
are numerous crucial areas where youth and development activities arestrongly linked, and one of those areas has been the voluntarism andyouth nexus—already strong and growing fast.
The voluntary sector has been an important segment of the Jamaicansocial landscape since the early 1900s and has contributed greatly tosocial and community development. The sector, notably the section
affiliated with the Council of Voluntary Social Services (CVSS), comprises
over 110 agencies offering services across the spectrum of social
development disciplines. The disciplines include child rights, education,
health, gender and community development and environmental
education.
continued on page 2

INSIDE

Social welfare for all

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ICSW Board meeting charts new directions

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January 2016

continued from page 1
The Council of Voluntary Social Services has
been in existence for 75 years and has
demonstrated its capacity in project
management in such areas as technicalassistance for the child sector; training forearly childhood institutions; support of the
project to scale up HIV/AIDS prevention andtreatment; institutional strengthening,
capacity building and management training
for non-governmental organizations andother activities.
In trying to broaden the existing evidencebase on youth development, the Council of
Voluntary Social Services organized inKingston, Jamaica, in October 2015 a
Community Research Day, the third in a row,
making it an important tradition. The themeof the Research Day was “Youth Making aContribution through Change andDevelopment.” The sessions explored theimpact of voluntary organizations on thedevelopment of youth in communities and,by extension, country, along the lines of
involvement in agriculture, leadership andvolunteerism. The forum provided theopportunity to gather primary research datafrom youths and young adults (14-35 years
old) in the thematic areas of youth
volunteerism and youth in agriculture; which
will be used as a catalyst in future
programme planning and delivery. The
presentations and other activities sought todetermine the why's or why not’s of youth
involvement in different areas of emphasisand how young people can be motivated tobe more involved and contribute tocommunity and national development.
Why the Research Day?
While the contribution to nation-building has
been significant, specifically youth
volunteerism/leadership, youth in agriculture
and the voluntary sector’s role instrengthening family and parenting, evidenceis lacking to substantiate the impact on

Winsome Wilkins
is the Chief
Executive of theCouncil of
Voluntary Social
Services and theUnited Way ofJamaica. She
chairs the USAIN
BOLT Foundationand has served
the voluntary
sector in Jamaica
for over 30
years. She did
post-graduate
studies in Social Entrepreneurship at the
University College of the Caribbean

national development. Research on the
sector itself has been sparse, and much of
the work conducted has been in the nature of
programme evaluation, specifically looking at
the achievements of specific project targets,
institutional reviews and other aspects ofproject management. Not much research
evidence exists to support trends,
employment benefit, training, personal
development and other aspects ofprogramme outcomes. The voluntary sector
is, therefore, lacking in empirical data tobetter inform and support its planning
process.
In light of the Council’s 75th anniversary andin keeping with the theme for the year
“Treasuring our traditions, innovating for the
future,” the Council decided to embark on a
Research Day Project, as the sector seeks tobuild on evidence-based practice, which has
become necessary as it is the demanded
benchmark for service delivery.
Benchmarking has shaped the national
development discourse and has demandedthat more specific sector-focused research be

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conducted to identify the needs and demandsof the entities and population/clients being
served.
According to the CVSS, the way forward calls
for capacity-building at all levels of thesector, making it important for planning anddevelopment activities to be evidence-based.
To that end, the Research Day Workshop for
the Voluntary Sector was an important stepin initiating an evidence-based approach tothe voluntary sector in Jamaica.
How the objectives were chosen
The theme for the day was “Youth Making aContribution through Change andDevelopment”, with the deliberate objectiveof gathering and collating primary researchdata from young adults all across the island,
conducted in collaboration with two
institutions that train social workers, namely,
the University of the West Indies – Social
Work Unit and the Portmore Community
College-Social Work Unit. As noted earlier,the key objective of the Research Day was togather information that would be used inprogramme planning and delivery. As
anticipated, sharing this information sectorwide has stimulated interest, explored issues,
provided additional avenues for inter-agency
collaboration and promoted visibility of thesector.

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The goal is to strengthen the capacity ofvoluntary sector agencies to engage inevidence-based service delivery and planningwith four key objectives:
1. To demonstrate the value of
evidence-based approaches toservice delivery, through guided
research resulting in increased
awareness among participating
private voluntary organizations of
the relevance of evidence-basedplanning; and improvement in the
documentary approaches among
private-sector voluntaryorganizations;
2. To improve knowledge of basic
research techniques, throughparticipation in guided focus-groupsessions resulting in improved
knowledge among participating
youth groups in basic researchtechniques - data collection andthe collation and distribution offindings.
3. To share the findings fromresearch and evaluation into
selected programme areas,
including an exhibition to
showcase research findings andthe outcome of evaluative work.
4. To provide an opportunity forknowledge exchange among
voluntary-sector agencies, public
and private sectors; share findings
from research and evaluation into
selected programme areas. The
hosting of a research symposium,
which would result in increased
collaboration among sector players

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Global Cooperation Newsletterand increase awareness andwillingness to participate innational development.
To set the tone for the discussion, Dr. Ronald
Blake, Executive Director of the Jamaica 4-H
Clubs, the leading youth affiliate of theCouncil in Jamaica with over 90 thousand
members, did a presentation from a study
conducted by 4-H International in partnershipwith the National 4-H Council and theInstitute for Applied Research in Youth
Development, led by Professor Richard M.
Lerner of Tufts University.
Other speakers included representatives of
CUSO International, which had previously
partnered with the Council of Voluntary Social
Services to do a mini-research on the“Contributions of CVSS Member Agencies to
National Development” and the University of
the West Indies.
An additional feature of the Research Day
was an exhibition in which twelve agencies:
Office of the Children’s Advocate, Ministry ofLabour and Social Security (PATH), Jamaica
4-H Clubs, Jamaica Agricultural Society, Rise
Life Management Services, Abilities
Foundation, Child Development Agency,
Uniform Groups, Unite for Change thePlanning Institute of Jamaica, YMCA andNational Parenting Commission, showcased
their goods and services in keeping with thethematic areas for the Research Day: YouthVolunteerism/Leadership, Youth inAgriculture.
The major findings of the research
In response to the question ‘Can agriculture
and volunteering become more
attractive to youth and the generalpublic?’ numerous responses were provided,
and they were very positive. They
recommended that agri-centres beestablished in inner cities and town, and that
there be more exposure to best practices andJanuary 2016
information sharing, emphasizing how
volunteerism can enhance job-searchprospects and recognition for youth
volunteers.
These responses were illuminating, especiallywhen compared with the responses fromthose who were in the volunteer group. They
were asked, “What can young people doto get more persons to volunteer?" The
responses included the use of social media,
more public fora and consultations, engaging
powerful persons, and planning special
events to build awareness. The medium ofmusic and sports were also powerful tools forvolunteer engagement.

According to the full report, it is clear that,
although young people feel that others will
volunteer, if there were more formal methodsof persuasion being used whether byagencies, organizations or government, more
persons would become involved in agriculture
if they were able to see how it would build
their personal capacities/skills/strengths.
Important here is the need for public spaces,
events, exhibitions and forums, bothnationally and at the community level, whichshared experiences in agriculture.
The last point made by the agriculture groupabout “The feeling you get from volunteering,

ICSW – International Council on Social Development

895January 2016a sense of fulfilment getting recognition for
the work done” echoes the sentiment of thevolunteer group, when they emphasized thatfeeling as a benefit they have experienced
from being volunteers.
Challenges facing both groups include lack ofresources. For the agricultural group, thatwould include (mainly) the unavailability ofland, lack of any financing, praedial larceny
and drought. The ongoing climate change has
resulted in more severe droughts and natural
disasters. The provisions for irrigation havebeen inadequate or non-existent in most
farming areas.
For the volunteerism group, the following
elements have all contributed to the negative
approach to volunteerism: persons who have
had a negative experience may share thatwith newcomers and dissuade them; newvolunteers are being brought up to believethat compensation should be provided forwork done; the general acceptance of the
feeling that ‘slavery is done’; new volunteers
do realize that volunteerism is giving.
In reality, volunteers often have to use theirown money to buy the material they need.
For them, the benefits from being a volunteer
were personal and societal. In terms of thelatter, the act of helping others in need was
the foremost benefit. In addition, there were
unexpected spin-offs that accrue as well as
the exposure that they now had working in
new environments with new experiences.
Participants called for a systematic
programme by the government and otheragencies such as CVSS to engage in the
promotion and recognition of volunteers.
They believe that much can be done throughthe social media. Further, they recommended
that the CVSS develop a training manual withguidelines for volunteer engagement for bothvolunteers and agencies.

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A way forward
The events of the day were rewarding, withmany issues relating to the way forward forvoluntary organizations and youth
involvement made clearer. The
consciousness of the Council to recognize theweakness in research relating to thecontribution of youth through change anddevelopment and the need to not only
identify these weaknesses but to make adifference.
It is clear that the need exists for awarenessto be created about the activities of voluntaryorganizations and for youths to see the‘blessing’ in volunteering. It was noted thatmany were not volunteers, because they did
not know what to do and where to go; forsome, it was simply a lack of understandingof the concepts and benefits.
A number of participants expressed thestrong desire to volunteer but wereconstrained because they are unable to affordtransportation and the related cost of goingout every day to volunteer.
For those who would be interested infarming, the physical resources problems(land, things to grow, lack of finances etc.)
posed fundamental challenges, especially for
those in urban areas.
In a nutshell, it is obvious, that youth can be
an important contributor and a positive force
for development when provided withknowledge and opportunities. Bringing young
people onboard in the quest for more
effective development efforts is part of thesolution to both economic and social
problems that Jamaica is facing.

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Global Cooperation Newsletter

Social welfare for all: thepotential of a Social
Solidarity Economy
By Yvon Poirier, Quebec, Canada
2016 is the first year of the ambitious United
Nations plan to achieve sustainable
development by 2030. What is striking is theclose link of many, if not most, of the 17
Sustainable Development Goals to issues
related to social welfare, social justice,human rights, health and education, housing,food and nutrition, in other words to all
aspects of human life that are at the core of
the ICSW’s work.
These issues are also at the core of a Social
Solidarity Economy (SSE)—a framework that
explores forms of production and exchangethat aim to satisfy human needs, build
resilience and expand human capabilities
through social relations based on varying
degrees of cooperation, interaction andsolidarity. All over the world, organisations
promoting such economic organization arestrengthening their efforts in areas such as
cooperative housing and community land
trusts, local foods systems, health services,financial services, and so on. SSE has many
similarities with the historic social economy(cooperatives and mutuals). For the SSE
movement, the sense is that this is notenough, and there is a need for a more global
approach leading to deeper changes insociety, addressing inequality, promoting
community participation and solidarity withsociety at large and not only for the membersof the coops and mutuals.
Over the past 20 years in particular, the SSE
approach has grown in many countries, bothdeveloped and developing. In good part,these initiatives are the result of grassroots

January 2016

initiatives by people joining their efforts andgetting together to satisfy existing needs thatneither the State alone nor the market-driven
economy can provide for. In the wake of the
2008-2009 financial and economic crises,with their effects still felt even now, thisapproach has increasingly inspired strategies
and activities to fill part of the unmet needsof the population. People need jobs andincome to live. In many countries, people
initiate SSE for that purpose. SSE has also
gained visibility, given its resilience in thefinancial crisis and the recognition that itprovides an alternative to the speculative
financial economy.
Many countries have also developed
programs, and in some cases passed laws, tosupport this approach. For example, there
was already legal infrastructure, includinglaws and regulations, for traditional socialeconomy organizations, such as cooperatives,
mutuals and associations. Many of the new
initiatives involve other types oforganizations, such as non-profit businesses,
community supported agriculture, fair trade,etc. In South America, for example, Ecuador
and Colombia each passed laws, and even
included pertinent provisions in theirConstitutions, while national secretariats on asolidarity economy were set up in Brazil and
Bolivia.
In May 2013, the United Nations ResearchInstitute for Social Development (UNRISD)
organized the largest United Nations
conference on SSE(http://www.unrisd.org/sse) in Geneva.
Organized in collaboration with the ILO and
UN-NGLS, that event led to the publication ofa book “Social and Solidarity Economy:
Beyond the Fringe” (Utting 2015) and thecreation of the UN Inter-Agency Task Forceon SSE in September 2013. The Task Forcenow has 19 UN Agencies as members and 5
Observers, including my organisation, theInternational Network for the Promotion of
the Social Solidarity Economy (RIPESS). In

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January 20162014, the Task Force published a Position
Paper on the Social and Solidarity Economy
and the Challenge of Sustainable
Development. The Position paper identifies
the potential in eight areas, most of whichhave a social welfare component:
1. Transitioning from informal economy
to decent work;
2. Greening the economy and society;3. Local economic development;
4. Sustainable cities and humansettlements;
5. Women’s well-being andempowerment;
6. Food security and smallholder
empowerment;
7. Universal health coverage;
8. Transformative finance.
The paper provides many examples of social
protection schemes and programmes,
including health insurance, as well as thesocial benefits that derive from moving
people from the informal economy to theformal economy.
Besides examples in the paper, otherexamples can be seen in a paper underpreparation by the FAO Global Forum on Food
Security and Nutrition, on the role of ruralorganisations in social protection. A webinar
was held on last November 25 and can be
consulted here. The report will be publishedsoon.
One of the case studies, on ASSEFA in India,
was prepared by the author of this article.
ASSEFA - ASSOCIATION FOR SARVA SEVAFARMS– Over 11 000 villages, in the states ofTamil Nadu, Pondicherry, Karnataka, Andhra
Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, Jharkhand,

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Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh (INDIA) have
set up multiple social protection schemes,
with women’s self-help group (AHG) at thecore.
Crop-Loss Compensation – The scheme ismanaged by Mutual Benefit Trusts (MBT, afederation of SHG’S) and is activated when
farmers achieve lower yields than an
established threshold. To reduce the risk ofloss, farmers are trained and provided with
agricultural inputs. The progress of the crop
growth is monitored regularly and supportedby the MBT. A nominal fee is collected fromregistered farmers accruing to the financial
stock of MBTs.
Cattle-Protection Scheme – This scheme isrun by the Federation of Dairy Cooperatives
and compensates farmers who have lost theirlivestock. Farmers get credit to buy animals
and pay a nominal fee (4% of the credit
amount), which also pays for the insurance
on the animal.
Wage-Loss Compensation – This scheme isalso run by the MBTs and provides
compensation for women who cannot attend
their work during the last 3 months ofpregnancy.
MBTs
organiserecurringfundraising campaigns every year between
September and October on the occasion of
the Vinoba (a Gandhi follower) anniversary
and Gandhi's birthday. These funds are used
to subsidise the scheme. An average of 2500
women
benefitfromwage-loss
compensation: they are paid for travel topublic-health clinics, and receive maternity
kits and training to take care of the newborn.
Provision of health services is another area
where SSE-related initiatives have developed
in recent years. In Rwanda, 90% or the
population have health services covered by amutual insurance scheme. In Mali, 1070
community health centres provide basic
services, work on malaria and HIV-AIDS
prevention, with priority given to children andwomen. In 2014, on the occasion of the

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International Cooperative Summit, Aninternational survey of co-ops and mutuals atwork in the health and social care sector,
research led by Jean-Pierre Girard presented
the situation in over 50 countries around theworld. In some countries, such forms ofassistance are complementary to public
services, as in the case, for example, of
home-care services for the elderly or people
with disabilities. In other countries, SSE
organisations manage part of the public
service, such as hospitals in Japan (about
25% of hospitals). In other countries,
considered less developed, as in Western
Africa, they are often the main means foraccessing health services.
SSE organisations are very varied in nature.
Some are coops and mutuals, some are nonprofits and associations, and some are
networks at the country or international level.
There are networks of researchers. They all
have a common approach, which includes themobilization of community members who
govern and manage them; they not only
foster solidarity in the community and social
cohesion, but also create more resilient
communities when disasters, manmade or
natural, strike. Some examples:•

In Sierra Leone, in Kailahun district,the hardest hit district in the country,
SEND West Africa, a social enterprisedevelopment organisation, helped
affected members of the community.
They assisted orphans andrestructured livelihood programs toadjust to the situation. SEND
mobilizes the Kailahun Women in the
Governance Network (KWIGN) to
educate the community throughcommunity radio on prevention and
care.

•

In Tamil Nadu (South India State),
152 villages in the ASSEFA association
were affected by heavy rains inJanuary 2016
December 2015. Within days, they
were able to provide food to 1336
families and are organising to rebuild
130 homes and 2 community schools.
They rapidly organised that work withfield staff and with financial help (forbuilding materials) from organisationsin India, from Italy and from France(long time partners).
The above examples have a common
denominator in that they are all grassroots
initiatives involving the mobilisation of thecommunity members themselves, inorganised structures (varies from country tocountry depending on their history andculture, and the legal possibilities), to selfprovide basic services. However, the role
played by the public authorities is alsoessential. For example, in New South Walesin Australia, where the State Home Care
Service has been totally (including staff)
transferred to Australia Unity, a 175-year-old
mutual, the Government continues to provide
funding.
We strongly believe that for achieving thefirst three of the SDGs (Goal 1. End poverty
in all its forms everywhere. Goal 2. End
hunger, achieve food security and improved
nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote
well-being for all at all ages), SSE isessential. The recent history of humanity, inparticular the past 30-40 years, clearly showsthat exclusion and marginalisation are theresult of neo-liberal globalisation. In adopting
the 2030 Agenda, Governments all over theworld agreed to implement those goals. But
the mobilisation of citizens, in partnershipwith States, in the delivery and managementof social protection and health services andorganising sustainable livelihoods, isessential. Achieving those goals will not comeautomatically through a “trickle-down” effectof globalisation, and certainly not without
reversing the flow of wealth to the 1% or the
population who controls 50% of the wealth.

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9January 2016
That inequality, which is increasing, is theseed of injustice and violence in the world. It
feeds fundamentalism and sectarianism(divisions amongst various communities
based on ethnic or religious affiliation) all
over the world.
Similar to ICSW, our members are active in awide range of fields within the general areasof social development, social welfare andsocial justice. That includes issues in suchareas as food and nutrition, welfare andhealth services, social protection, educationand housing, as well as many fields related toeconomic development, human rights andcommunity participation.
In our Global Vision declaration, we affirm
that a change in the development paradigm
has to come about:‘ In SSE, ordinary people play an active rolein shaping all of the dimensions of human
life: economic, social, cultural, political, andenvironmental. SSE exists in all sectors of theeconomy—production, finance, distribution,exchange, consumption and governance. It
also aims to transform the social andeconomic system that includes public, private
and other sectors. SSE is not only about thepoor, but strives to overcome inequalities,
which includes all classes of society. SSE has
the ability to take the best practices thatexist in our present system (such as
efficiency, use of technology and knowledge)
and transform them to serve the welfare of
the community based on different values andgoals’.

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differently so as to provide all that is needed
for the basic needs of human kind. For the
SSE, our contemporary market-driven
economy is fundamentally misdirected andgeared towards the needs of investors.
Contrary to such approach, our philosophy isbased on the fundamental needs of thepeople, embracing a human rights approach,solidarity and peace, and saving Mother Earthfor future generations.
A last thought-- a quote from Gandhi:“The world has enough for everyone's need,but not enough for everyone's greed.”
Opinions expressed in the preceding articles arethose of the authors and should be equated withthe opinions of the ICSW Management Committee.

Since the Second World War our world has
seen many upheavals, wars, economic crises,
dire poverty, uneven development, and theover-exploitation of natural resources beyond
the capacity of our planet. As people, weshould be ashamed that other human beings
still die of malnutrition, the lack of maternity
services, and the absence of safe drinking
water or decent homes to live in.
Humanity has all the knowledge and capacity
to arrange our socio-economic system

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ICSW Board meeting charts
new directions for theorganization
On 29-30 January, the ICSW Board meeting
took place in Dublin, Ireland. During two daysof intensive discussions the participants
highlighted the activities of ICSW-affiliatedorganizations at the regional and global

levels, presenting achievements, obstacles
encountered and lessons learned.
The 2015 Annual Report, submitted to theBoard in advance, summarised activities
under six priority areas: empowerment,
resilience and social protection; networking
and policy innovations in our work;communicating with our stakeholders; ongoing global advocacy and socially
responsible global governance; regional-level
cooperation; policy-dialogues and capacitydevelopment. The Board discussed at length
such issues as financial and humanresources, budget, membership growth,cooperation with partners and outreachactivities.
The President of the North-East Asia Region,
Professor Heung Bong Cha, informed theBoard about the preparatory process for the
Joint World Conference on Social Work andSocial Development, to be convened in Seoul,
Republic of Korea, in June 2016 by ICSWJanuary 2016
together with its partners -- the International
Association of Schools of Social Work and theInternational Federation of Social Workers.
The participants paid particular attention to
the need to strengthen vertical and horizontal
links within the organization, exchanging
ideas and best practices. The important roleof the ICSW global and regional Newsletters
as a medium of communication withmembers was underscored.
The draft of the new ICSW Global Programmefor 2016-2020 was presented to the Board.
The document will be thoroughly discussed
by the member organizations prior to its
adoption by the ICSW General Assembly later
this year. The new Global Programme
outlines the core functions and objectives of
the ICSW in the contemporary world, andspells out available tools. It is noted that the
introduction of sustainable universal socialprotection-floor policies should become amajor agenda item in all advocacy
campaigns. ICSW considers social protection
not only as one of the best ways to reducepoverty, insecurity and inequality in theworld, but also as an effective means forachieving sustainability.

The sessions of the Board were chaired inturn by the outgoing ICSW President Michael
Cichon and the President-elect Eva
Holmberg-Herrström. The participantscordially thanked Mr. Cichon for his
commitment to the organization during the

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January 2016

Global Cooperation Newsletter

past four years and his intellectual
leadership. Warmly received, the new
President, Mrs. Holmberg-Herrström outlined
her vision of the existing and new challenges

privatization is not a silver bullet; declared
blueprints for reform are not in fact suitable
for all country contexts; and policy space canbe regained to reform pension systems forthe better.

The useful resources andlinks – the find of the month

For more details:
http://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/
httpNetITFramePDF?ReadForm&parentunid=2
AE50049D2A0EC9AC1257EED0050A438&par
entdoctype=brief&netitpath=80256B3C005B
CCF9/(httpAuxPages)/2AE50049D2A0EC9AC1
257EED0050A438/$file/RPB19-Pensions.pdf

World Employment and Social Outlook:
Trends 2016.
ILO, Geneva, 2016
The World Employment and Social Outlook
released on 19 January 2016 is the ILO’s
flagship report on world of work issues.
Exploring the inter-connected nature ofmacroeconomic policies on the one hand, andemployment and social outcomes on theother, it analyses which policy combinations
are most effective in delivering highemployment and balanced incomes. The
publication also provides readers with themost up-to-date global as well as regional
labour market and social indicators.
For more details:
http://www.ilo.org/global/research/globalreports/weso/2016/WCMS_443480/lang-en/index.htm
A Global Policy Laboratory: Reforming
Pensions in Developing and Transition
Countries (Research and Policy Brief),
UNRISD, Geneva, 2015
Pension reform has been something of a
global policy laboratory over the last three
decades. UNRISD research on the drivers ofpension reform and the diversity of models
and outcomes provides evidence toundermine three of the most unhelpful myths
around pension reform, showing that

The content of this Global Newsletter may befreely reproduced or cited provided thesource is acknowledged. The views do notnecessarily represent policies of ICSW.
Newsletter Editor:
Sergei Zelenev, Executive Director
E-mail: szelenev@icsw.org,
Address:
ICSW, 5700 Arlington Ave.,
Bronx, New York, 10471 (US Office)Phone: +1 347-526- 4893,
icsw@icsw.org
Website www.icsw.org;
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ICSW – International Council on Social Development