INCHEM Tokyo 2017

Current Status and Implementation Approachfor Industrial Zones Wastewater Management
In Yangon Region

Than Than Thwe
Director, Ministry of Construction
Joint Secretary-1, Thilawa SEZ Management Committee

ContentsIntroduction
 Location of Industrial Zones in Yangon Region
 Wastewater Pollution Control Activities by MONREC-ECD, YCDC, MOI
 Myanmar Industrial Wastewater Guidelines
Current Systems
 Mingaladon Industrial Park Wastewater Treatment Plant
 Thilawa SEZ Wastewater Treatment Plant
Implementation Approach Analysis and Implementation Approach for Industrial Zones
Wastewater Treatment Plant in Yangon Region

Location of Industrial Zones in Myanmar

Location of Industrial Zones in Yangon CityMIP

Industrial Zone

Thilawa SEZ

29 Industrial Zones

Why we need Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant?
- Industrial wastewater usually includes hazardous substances or high concentration
organic matters which directly discharge to public water bodies without treatment
may cause damage to human health or pollution as surrounding environmental
deterioration.

- Institutions –- (1) Environmental Conservation Department(Ministry of NaturalResources and Environmental Conservation-MONREC)- (2) Yangon City Development Committee-YCDC- (3) Department of Industrial Supervision and Inspection (Ministry ofIndustry)- Regulations for Water Pollution Control and Enforcement- National Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines (2015)

Regulations related Water Environmental Management
 National Environmental Policy (1994)
 Water Management and Myanmar Agenda 21, 1997
 2008 Constitutions and Environmental Conservation
 Water Management and National Sustainable Development Strategy 2009
 Environmental Conservation Law (2012) Environmental Conservation Rules (2014)
 Environmental Impact Assessment Procedure (2015) National Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines (2015)

Wastewater Parameters and Guideline Values of National Environmental Quality
Parameter

Unit

Guideline
Value

Parameter

Unit

Guideline
Value5 Days BOD

mg/l

50

Mercury

mg/l

0.01

Ammonias

mg/l

10

Nickelmg/l

0.5

Arsenic

mg/l

0.1

Oil and grease

mg/l

10

Cadmium

mg/l

0.1

pHSU

6-9

COD

mg/l

250

Phenolsmg/l

0.5

Chlorine (Total Residual)

mg/l

0.2

Selenium

mg/l

0.1

Chromium (hexavalent)

mg/l

0.1

Silvermg/l

0.5

Chromium (total)

mg/l

0.5

Sulphide

mg/l

1

Coppermg/l

0.5

Temperature°C<3°C

Cyanide (free)

mg/l

0.1

mg/l

1.0100ml400

Cyanide (Total)

Total Coliform
bacteria

Fluoride

mg/l

20

Total Phosphorus

mg/l

2.0

Heavy Metals (Total)

mg/l

10TSSmg/l

50

Ironmg/l

3.5

Zinc

mg/l

2.0

Lead

mg/l

0.1

Current Systems

Mingaladon Industrial Park Wastewater Treatment
SystemSource: Mingaladon Industrial Park

Wastewater Quality Criteria to WWTP (Mingaladon Industrial Park)
Parameter

Unit

Guideline
Value

5 Days BOD

mg/l

240

COD

mg/l

Free Ammonia

Unit

Guideline
Value

pHSU

6-9

500

Temperature°C

35°C

mg/l

0.5

Mercury

mg/l

0.005

Arsenic

mg/l

0.05

Nickelmg/l0.1

Cadmium

mg/l

0.01

Oil and grease

mg/l

30

Chloride

mg/l

600

Phenols

mg/l

0.002

Chromium (hexavalent)

mg/l

0.1

Selenium

mg/l

0.01

Chlorine

mg/l

1.0

Sulphur

mg/l

0.01

Coppermg/l

0.5Sulphate

mg/l

400

Cyanide (free)

mg/l

0.02

Detergent

mg/l

0.5

Phosphate

mg/l

1.0

Mineral Oil (H/C)

mg/l

10.0

Fluorine

mg/l

1.5

TDS

mg/l

1000

Nitrate

mg/l

10TSS

mg/l

200

Nitrite

mg/l

1.0

Zinc

mg/l

5.0

5.0

Lead

mg/l

0.1

Iron
mg/l
Source: Mingaladon Industrial Park

Parameter

Thilawa Special Economic Zone
Jointly Developed by Myanmar and Japan

Developer: Myanmar Japan Thilawa Development Ltd., (MJTD)

Thilawa SEZ Wastewater Treatment Plant(4800 m3/day)Wastewater Treatment in Thilawa SEZ

Thilawa SEZ Wastewater Treatment Plant Layout Plan

ReturnSludge
Thickener Tank
Hydration
Room

Settling
Tank

Sand Filtration
Tank

AerationTank

Equalization
Tank
Blower Electrical
Room

Disinfection
Tank
Sand Filtration(Raw)

GridChamber
Workers
waitingRoomGrid Chamber

Equalization Tank

Aeration Tank

Settling Tank

Rapid Filtration

Disinfection Tank

Return Tank

Sludge Thickener

Dehydration RoomBlower Room

Applied Wastewater Standard in Thilawa SEZ
ESIA for Zone A Development(April – Oct 2013)

 Based on standard by Ministry of Industry 1995

Consideration
Internal Regulations by MJTD

National Environment Quality (Emission)
Guidelines –(NEQG Dec 2015)

 Adding to some parameters (T-N, Color,etc)
 Many Stakeholders were involved

Consideration
Zone “A” Development(September 2015- June 2016)
Consideration
Revision of Internal Regulations
by MJTD Based on NEQG (adding to T-P, heavymetals etc.,)
 Combined with MOI and NEQG
(apply stricter value, some parameters BOD, COD,
oil & grease will be relived but compliance withNEQG

Thilawa SEZ Internal Rules and Regulations:(Standard of Wastewater Quality after Pre-wastewater treatment by the Locator)
NoParameterWastewaterStandardUnit

1

BOD (5 days at 20°C)

max 200

ppm

2

Suspended Solids (SS)max 200

ppm

3

Total Dissolved Solids

max 2000ppm

4

pH Value

6.5-8.5

5

COD min Permanganate value (Under Review)max 150ppm

6

COD cr Dicromate Value

max 300

ppm

7Sulphide (as HS)

max 1

ppm

8Cyanide (as HCN)

max 0.2

ppm

9Oil and greasemax 5ppm

10 Total coliform bacteria

max 400

MPN/100ml

11 TarNone-

12 Formaldehyde

max 1

ppm

13 Phenols and cresols

max 1ppm

14 Free Chlorinemax 1ppm

No

Parameter

WastewaterStandardUnit

15 Zinc

max 5

ppm

16 Chromium

max 0.5

ppm

17 Arsenic

max 0.25

ppm

18 Copper

max 1.0

ppm

19 Mercury

max 0.005

ppm

20 Cadmium

max 0.03

ppm

21 Bariummax 1.0

ppm

22 Selenium

max 0.02

ppm

23 Leadmax 0.2

ppm

24 Nickel

max 0.2

ppm

25 Insecticides

None-

26 Radioactive Materials

None-

27 Temperaturemax 35°C

28 Color and Odor
QCVN40: 2011/BTNMTQCVN13: 2008/BTNMT150(Co-Pt)

29 T-N40ppm

Key Points of Water Pollution Control
 Hazardous & Chemical Substances Management (High Risk Management) Checking Production Process Submission of raw material list with MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) Submission of plan for amount of chemical consumption and its monitoring Bi-annually self inspection and reporting results of inspection

 Guidance to install Proper Wastewater Treatment System
 Checking proper wastewater treatment system by referring to international standard Issuing notification of target parameters to be monitored to investors Water Quality Monitoring Treated wastewater by investor (every month) (to measure 7 Basic Parameters such as
pH, BOD, COD, SS, Total-N, Total Coliform, Oil and Grease) Treated wastewater by MJTD wastewater treatment plant (daily, weekly, monthly,biannually) Surface water quality monitoring by MJTD (bi-annually)

Main Responsibilities of Environmental Section (OSSC)
 Before Construction
 Reviewing and Approval of Environmental Conservation and Prevention Plan (ECPP) Screening of necessary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Initial
Environmental Examination (IEE)
 Reviewing and Appraisal of EIA and IEE

 During Construction
 Inspection to Construction site Checking Environmental Monitoring Reports
 Reviewing and Appraisal of EIA and IEE

 During Operation
 Inspection to investors
 Checking Environmental Monitoring Reports

Analysis and Implementation
ApproachStudied by: JICA, Kobelco Eco Solutions Co., Ltd., Supreme Water
Doctor Co., Ltd.

Planning of Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant
1. Comprehension of field Condition

 Factory water balance, wastewater quality
survey, required discharge standard

2. Verification of field condition

 Confirmation of wastewater treatment
volume, discharge, volume without
treatment, treatment parameters

3. Examination of wastewater
discharge reduction

 Studies of wastewater volume at sources,
concentration reduction, or reuse ofwastewater in next process without treatment

4. Planning of Wastewater
Treatment Plant

 Determination of w/w volume, water
quality (inlet/out let), treatment process,layout plan

5. Options for Project Scheme

 Government Owned
 Build – Own – Operate Build – Own – Transfer

Study Area: Hlaing Thar YarZone 4
Zone 3
Zone 2
Zone 1

Number of Factories and Occupied Area (Hlaing Tharyar Industrial Zones)

Wastewater is discharged to Pan Hlaing river through Open Trench, Open Creek

Source: Kobelco Eco Solutions Co., Ltd.
Supreme Water Doctor Co., Ltd.

Options of Case Study
Case 1:

Zone (1) Option 1: Without rain water Option 2: With rain water

Case 2:

Zone (1,2,3 and 4)
 Option 1: Without rain water Option 2: With rain water

Note: Study for installation of pre-wastewater treatment is not included. Because most of thefactories may not be necessary to install pre-wastewater treatment by themselves except forfactories discharging hazardous and chemical substance and concentration of BOD & COD
levels from the factories can be treated by the central WWTP.

27

Setting target wastewater to be treated
Wastewater characteristic
Mainly have 7 kinds of wastewater line in this area with difference characteristic

Type 1: Domestic wastewaterType 2: Garment Industrial wastewaterType 3: Dyeing industrial wastewaterType 4: Ice industrial wastewaterType 5: Chemical industrial wastewaterType 6: Paper factory industrial wastewater (with and without papermill)Type 7: Food industrial wastewater28

Zone 1 Wastewater Estimated Flow Rate

Design Flow Rate = Calculated Flow Rate/0.8 (0.8 occupancy rate)

Zone 1+2+3+ 4 Wastewater Estimated Flow Rate

Design Flow Rate = Calculated Flow Rate/0.8 (0.8 occupancy rate)

Setting wastewater treatment process
Flow sheet – without rain water case study
M

PMM

M

Clarifier 1

Clarifier 2

Discharge

Coagulation Flocculation

Pump pit

Sludge storage
tank

1
PRIMARY TREATMENT TOREMOVE SS, COD, BOD

ParameterUnit

CODBODSSNH3-N
TPColiform

mg/l
mg/lmg/l
mg/l
mg/l
MPN/100 ml

Inlet
1
1780 - 1800
700 - 800
600 - 720
80 - 95
6.5 - 9

Aerationtank
2Disinfection
Sludge storage
tank

COD, BOD, NH3, TP,TN REMOVAL34
REMOVE BACTERIAL

Outlet4< 250< 50< 50< 10<2< 400

Outlet Conform to Effluent levels for Wastewater Treatment Facilities in National Environmental Quality(emission) guidelines 22 Apr. 201531

Layout Plan for Zone 1 Wastewater Treatment Pant

Layout Plan for Zone 1+2+3+4 Wastewater Treatment Pant

Project Implementation OptionsProject Scheme : Government Owned(Case 1)(Case 2)Treatment Fee
Payments

Yangon Region
Government

EPC Contract

Contractor

Own and Operate

Industrial Park

Treatment Fee
Payments

Yangon Region
Government

EPC Contract
O&M
Own

Contractor

OperateIndustrial Park
Waste Water Treatment Plant

Waste Water Treatment Plant

Project Implementation Options
Project Scheme : Build – Operate – Transfer
Investors
InvestTreatment Fee
Payments

Industrial Park

Yangon Region
Government

ServiceSPC

Government guarantees
waste water volume and "Own"quality and service fee (Originally)
payment.
"Transfer"

Waste Water Treatment PlantLoanBank"Build"EPC
EPC
Contractor

SPC : Special Purpose Company

Project Implementation Options
Project Scheme : Build – Own- Operate
Investors
InvestTreatment Fee Payments

Yangon Region
Government

Service Contract
Government guarantees
waste water volume andquality and service fee
payment.

SPC

Loan

"Own"
"Operate""Build"EPC Contract

Bank

EPC
Contractor

Industrial Park
Waste Water Treatment Plant

SPC : Special Purpose Company

Conclusion
 Issues – due to the limited facilities and budget, lack oftechnologies, increasing population and industries
 International Best Practice and experiences to formulate theregulations for wastewater management
 Preventive Measures is needed for health and environmental
deterioration
 Control Measures – Monitoring /Coordination/ Regulations
and Environmental Quality Standard/ Capacity Building /Persuasion/ Incentives (reward behavior that reduce pollution
 Implementation Options ???
 Development of Eco Industrial Zones
 Thilawa SEZ will meet Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Thank You!

Than Than Thwett.than@gmail.com

Comparison
Private Company Owned
Government Owned
BOO (Build-Own-Operate)
Arrangement of Funds- CAPEX- OPEX

Payment byGovernment

SPCGovernment(Yangon Region Government)- For Construction of Plant
to EPC Contractor(Payment at the time of constrction)- For Operation and Maintenance (O&M)
to Cotractor if it is outsourced.
Own fund for construction of Plant(= Tax revenue or Loan)

BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer)- For Waste Water Treatment Service to SPC(Payment over the period of Waste Water Treatment Service)

Fee collected from factories in the industrial zone (Tenants)

Source of Fund for* It is recommended to set the Government's fee charged toPayment by Government * Fund for construction of Plant and O&M will beTenants higher than the fee paid to SPC in order to covercollected from factories in the industrial zone
expenses of Government.
(Tenants) over the period of plant operation.

Ownership ofWaste Water Treatment Yangon Region Government
Plant

Summary of role ofGovernment- Arrangement of fund
- Operation and Maintenance of Plant- Colletion of fees from Tenants- Arrangement of land
- Arrangement of resettlement (if required)

SPC- Originally, SPC owns plant.
- After reasonable return ofinvestment has been obtainedby Investors, ownership istransferred to Yangon RegionGovernment.

- Payment of waste water treatment service fee- Guarantee of waste water volume and quality- Collection of fee from Tenants- Arrangement of land
- Arrangement of resettlement (if required)