Cosmology and Neutrinos

Masahiro Takada (Kavli IPMU)@ Kavli IPMU, April 2019

Cosmology goals of neutrino physics
in the next decade• With upcoming cosmology datasets (CMB, galaxy
surveys), we aim at achieving– Constrain the relativistic degrees of freedom (e.g.,sterile neutrinos or axion): (Ne↵ ) ' 0.027<latexit sha1_base64="rpd0xex54SRxisTZ2PkR9IO4clM=">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</latexit>– Determine neutrino mass (the sum of three-species
neutrino masses):(m) ' 0.02 eV<latexit sha1_base64="1SmhE+aDT8NvjEKlwlmyvF01GqM=">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</latexit>⌫,tot

complementary to double-beta decay exp.

• These are clear targets (no new physics needed)• Challenges: systematic errors (e.g., galaxy bias,
other astrophysics effects)

photons, baryon,
electrons, CDM,
neutrinos, Λ, …

Physics of large-scale structure formation
neutrinos
photons

Thomsonscattering

electrons

Dark
MattergravityΛ or Dark
EnergyMetricCoulomb
scattering

protons

Need to solve the multi-component system before the recombination (z~1100)

Angular scale
90

1

103
WMAP
ACT
SPT
ACTPol
SPTpolPOLARBEAR
BICEP2/Keck
BICEP2/Keck/
WMAP/Planck

2

101D` [µK2]

0.1

0.05

Precision
Cosmology

CMB- TT

Planck

10

0.2

temperature

CMB- EE

100

E-polarization

10 1

10 2

CMB- BB

B-polarization107[`(` + 1)]2C` /2⇡

D`TE [µK2]

10 3
100
0
100

TE-spectrum

200
1.5
1.0

CMB lensing power

0.5
0.0
0.5

2

150

500

1000

Multipole `

2000

3000

4000

Planck 2018 (note; thepaper has yet to be
accepted)Imaging + Spectroscopy (1.5M gals for 2.5m SDSS)

Subaru HSC+PFS can probe the 3D Universe at z~1!

A simulated universe (Millennium Simulation)

Wide-area galaxy surveys (now – 2030)

DESI (4m, LBL, 2019-)

SuMIRe (2015-25)

WFIRST (NASA, 2025-)
LSST (6.5m, SLAC, 2022-)

Euclid (ESA, 2022-)

SPHEREx (NASA, 2023-)

Interdisciplinary fields between particle
8
physics and cosmology

Ne↵<latexit sha1_base64="oR2j0OtkZ/QUpk21cClV48reugg=">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</latexit>Neff effect on cosmological observables(CMB and galaxy BAO)"

7
H / ⇢cdm + ⇢b + 1 +82<latexit sha1_base64="RQ2glRbSfTRVefR35NHuK2PqMjQ=">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</latexit>

✓

4
11

◆4/3

#

Ne↵ ⇢

• Changes the matter-radiation equality epoch• Changes the sound horizon of photon-baryon plasmars (z⇤ ) =<latexit sha1_base64="GKw1ZN1Y+17UNNG8OZ7RSfLEzd0=">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</latexit>

Z 1
z⇤

cs dz
H(z)

1
2
cs ⌘

1
3⇢b
3 1 + 4⇢<latexit sha1_base64="avZRagPaLlZ6xxH8PjFyt4w8+V0=">AAACzHichVHLahRBFL1pH4ntIxPdCG4Gh4goDNUzgsFV0I0rycNJAunYVFfudIp0V3eqawbGorYu/AEXrhRExM9w48ali3yCuBzBTQTv9DS+gnqbrjr31D23TlXFRSpLw9jhjHfi5KnTs3Nn/LPnzl+Ybyxc3CjzgRbYE3ma662Yl5hKhT0jTYpbhUaexSluxvv3JuubQ9SlzNVDMypwJ+OJkn0puCEqaiRhjIlUFg8U15qPbjhfROWjTogHAzlshn3NhQ2c7bofMLg5hd1Q7+WRDXXWjJ2zt6o0THiWcef8ENXuL12jRou1WRXN4yCoQQvqWMkbryGEXchBwAAyQFBgCKfAoaRvGwJgUBC3A5Y4TUhW6wgOfNIOqAqpghO7T2NC2XbNKsonPctKLWiXlH5NyiYsso/sDRuz9+wt+8SO/trLVj0mXkY0x1MtFtH808vrX/+rymg2sPdT9U/PBvqwVHmV5L2omMkpxFQ/fPxsvH5nbdFeYy/ZZ/L/gh2yd3QCNfwiXq3i2nPw6QGCP6/7ONjotINuu7PaaS3frZ9iDq7AVbhO930bluE+rECP9v0AYziCb94Dz3jWc9NSb6bWXILfwnvyHa+ftFk=</latexit>– Note: the high-ell CMB features also depend on the Silk
damping scale (diffusion scale at the recombination epoch)⌧˙ ⌘ ne T a ' 2.3 ⇥ 10 5 Mpc 1 (1 Yp )⌦b h2 (1 + z)2 xe
Z1
1 R2 + 16(1 + R)/15
2
kD '
d⌘
6
⌧˙
(1 + R)2<latexit sha1_base64="iXIhGpOhhkeksnX+HVeAaK8o8nI=">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</latexit>From Komatsu san’s website (WMAP-7yr: Komatsu et al.11)

Phase shift in BAOs
in CMB spectra (w/o Silk damping)

Baumann et al. 18

Kl [103 µK2 ]

9.0
6.0
3.0
0.0

6
ωb , θs , aeq fixed

5

6.0
3.0
0.0
6.0
3.0
0.0
0

7

+ θD fixed

4

Neﬀ
3
+ A fixed

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

2

.

5.5
1

4.5
3.5
950

0
1000

1050

1100

l

1150

1200

1250

Planck 2018

Ne↵ = 2.99+0.34
0.33(95% C.L., TT, TE, EE+lowE+lensing+BAO)<latexit sha1_base64="OzW8CnrzVeYhbxKdor79LFDXGf0=">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</latexit>

me

mb

mµ

mW mt
106.75

100
86.25

g⇤

QCD

Neutrino decoupling

80
60
40
20

10.75
3.38

0
Boson (g=1)

10Boson (g=2)
Fermion (g=2)

Ne↵

Fermion (g=4)

1

1
0.57

0.1

0.095

light relics
10

2

10

1

100

101

102

T [MeV]

0.047
0.027
103

104

105

106

Phase shift in BAOs (cont‘d)
P (k) [(Mpc/h)3 ]in matter (~galaxy) power spectrum

7
104
6
103
10−4

10−3

10−2

5

4
ωb , rs fixed

Neﬀ

0.10
0.00
−0.10

3
+ aeq fixed

0.10
0.00
−0.10
0.00

100

10−1

0.10
0.00
−0.10

P w (k)/P nw (k)Baumann et al. 18

2+ A fixed

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40
1

0.04
0.00
−0.04
0.15

0
0.16

0.17

0.18

0.19

k [h Mpc−1 ]

0.20

0.21

0.22

Prospects with future surveysa/, bm≤2an≤2 , bm≤1

σ(Neﬀ )

Parameters to model
nonlinearities in P(k)CMB-S4+CVL-BAO 0.030

0.028

0.028

0.026

0.026

0.024

0.024

0.022

0.022
CMB-S4+CVL-P (k) 0.030

CMB-S4+Future-P (k)

0.030
0.025

0.025

0.020

0.020

0.015

0.015

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

kmax [h Mpc−1 ]

0.4

0.0

σ(Neﬀ )CMB-S4+Future-BAO

0.030

σ(Neﬀ )

an≤4 , bm≤1
an≤4 , bm≤5

0.1

0.2

0.3

kmax [h Mpc−1 ]

0.4

0.5

σ(Neﬀ )ab/, /an=0 , /bm⌫,tot<latexit sha1_base64="/mGB2ctqpLRll2y7NrGtH7iqnTs=">AAACmHichVHLThsxFD0MrzDlkcIG0U1ERIUQipywoGIVwaJ0F0IDSAyKZgYTLGY8g8eJFEb5AX4Aoa5aCVWoH9FFN/ABLPgE1CVI3XTRm8lILaC217J9fHzP9bHthJ6INGO3fUb/wODQcGbEfDE6Nj6RfTm5FQVN5fKaG3iB2nHsiHtC8poW2uM7oeK273h82zla6+5vt7iKRCDf63bI93y7IcWBcG1NVD27ZDm8IWTMj6WtlN1e6Jh+PbZkczG2lJ/Tge50TIvL/T8y6tk8K7Akcs9BMQV5pFEJsp9hYR8BXDThg0NCE/ZgI6K2iyIYQuL2EBOnCIlkn6MDk7RNyuKUYRN7RGODVrspK2ndrRklapdO8agrUuYwx27YJbtnV+wLu2M//1orTmp0vbRpdnpaHtYnTqc3f/xX5dOscfhb9U/PGgd4k3gV5D1MmO4t3J6+dXJ2v7lSnYtfs0/sO/n/yG7ZN7qBbD24Fxu8+gEmfUDx6XM/B1ulQnGpUNoo5cur6Vdk8AqzmKf3XkYZ66igRuee4yuucG3MGGXjrfGul2r0pZopPAqj+guMbZ6T</latexit>

Large-scale structure formation: ΛCDM model
Structure formation = Time evolution of matter
inhomogeneities of different scales (wavelengths)¨m + 2H ˙m
CMB ⇒initial conditions

time

4⇡G¯
⇢m m = 0

gravity (dark matter)cosmic expansion (dark energy)

Galaxy survey ⇒ large-scale structure
A result of gravitational instability<latexit sha1_base64="Kn6+MPiERhXkOS9/UeqxlDg9JKc=">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</latexit>
sha1_base64="kyXeYanE6VoW6jlj+lQX846h/OU=">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</latexit>
sha1_base64="VoUHRwfYjMCjQjpLr40OFrA7R7E=">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</latexit>
sha1_base64="094daIMNkclhuA2HG70UC3YFT64=">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</latexit>
sha1_base64="rasfwSOeA8Wd83Mt96b5NrsTF8E=">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</latexit>⌦ 2(R < 2⇡/k)↵

Typical variance of total matter fluctuations

Gravitational instability

Galaxy survey
A factor of 1000
amplification inmatter density
fluctuation(delta)CMBNow various datasets available

From Planck2018

ν+ΛCDM model• Neutrinos are very light compared to CDM/baryon• The phase-space distribution of neutrinos, even after decoupling, obeys
the relativistic Ferimi-Dirac dist. (specified by mν)• The thermal velocity at redshift z relevant for LSS is larger than thegravity induced peculiar velocityσν (z) =p22mν

% mν (−1≈ 1800km/s'* (1+ z)& 0.1eV )– Even a massive cluster can’t much trap neutrinos• The free-streaming scale, the distance neutrino can travel with the€thermalvel. during cosmic expansion
1/ 2
(
+
(
+
0.037
m
Ω
−1
ν
m
λfs (z) ≈ σν H −1a−1 ⇒ k fs (z) ≈
h
Mpc
*
*
(1+ z)1/ 2 ) 0.1eV ,) 0.3 ,λ_fs is a 100Mpc scale, similar to BAO scales

Small-scale suppression in growth of LSS• A mixed DM model: Structure formation after CMB epoch isinduced by the density fluctuations of total matterρ cδc + ρ bδb + ρν δνδm =≡ f cδc + f bδb + fν δνρ c + ρ b + ρν• The neutrinos slow down LSS on small scales– On large scales l>lfs, the neutrinos can grow together with CDM

δc = δb = δν€– On small scales l<lfs, the neutrinos are smooth, dn=0, therefore weakergravitational force compared to a pure CDM caseδ˙˙cb + 2Hδ˙cb − 4 πGρ m (1− fν )δcb = 0, δν ≈ 0
€

δ (x)

ν
€

l > lfs

CDM

Total matter perturbations can grow!

ν

CDM
Suppresses growth of total
matter perturbationsl < lfs

Massive Neutrinos

251200 Mpc/h

16
10
5
2

/c

0
-0.8

-1
0.55

mν=0.05eV69123 CDM parts
138243 ν parts

0.36

0.18

35 Mpc/h
/8
0
-0.15

arXiv:1609.0896

23
-0.35

Galaxy power spectrum at z=0⌦m0 = ⌦cdm0 + ⌦b0 + ⌦⌫0 fixed<latexit sha1_base64="D4QibcX94MkmQQzkG78tI7jkCKc=">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</latexit>

suppression
CM
Bex
tr a
po

A factor 2 small
amplitude for mν~1eV

la t
ed
pr
ed
ic t
io n

<latexit sha1_base64="9qeYq2vRVmHiwZfSHVKP6EsMQ1g=">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</latexit>

P (k)m⌫,tot⇠ 0.09P (k) k>kfs
0.1 eVSuppression of linear P(k)kfs (z) ≈ 0.35(1+ z)

1/ 2-1/2 $ mν '$ Ω m '&)&)%1eV (% 0.26 (hMpc−1€k_fs(z)€ is stronger at
The suppression
lower redshifts and at larger k
A factor 2 smaller amplitude inP(k) for mν,tot=1eV

Suppression

ΔP(k)~ −8 fν
Pν =0 (k) z ~ 0, k >> k _ fs

Hu et al 98

Suppression of linear P(k) (contd.)• A more realistic f_nu~0.01 (m_nu~0.1eV): the neutrinos
became non-relativistic after z~10^3• The power spectrum amplitude is suppressed by ~8%

ΔP(k)~ −8 fν
Pν =0 (k) z ~ 0, k >> k _ fs€

Massive Neutrinos (now sims. developed)
1200 Mpc/h

25
16
10
5
2

/c

0
-0.8

-1
0.55

mν=0.05eV69123 CDM parts
138243 ν parts

0.36

0.18

35 Mpc/h
/8
0
-0.15

arXiv:1609.0896

27
-0.35

Nonlinear boost in neutrino effect
Banerjee et al. 18

Also see Saito, Takada & Taruya (08, 09)
for the work based on perturbation theory

linear theory

Recap: neutrino mass determination• Massive neutrinos slows down the growth of large-scale
structure (LSS) formation• If we can measure clustering amplitudes of matter
inhomogeneities at low redshifts to a high precision, wethen compare it with the CMB-inferred amplitude to infer
the neutrino mass
• The combination of CMB and LSS can constrain neutrino
mass
obs
PLSS
(k, zlow )PCMB inferred (k, zlow ; ⌦m , m⌫ = 0)<latexit sha1_base64="oICzwh5kA0GdheoPkFaWojd0jmw=">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</latexit>

1

⇠

8f⌫

'

m⌫,tot8(94.1 eV)⌦m h2

σ8 tension? New physics?
σ8: the present-day rms of mass density fluctuations of 8 Mpc/h scale
Planck σ8 value: extrapolated of fluctuations from z~1100 assuming ΛCDM
KiDS-450
CFHTLenS (MID J16)
WMAP9+ACT+SPT
Planck15

1.2

8

1.0

• Planck value is notconsistent with theresults of LSS probes(e.g. weak lensing)

0.8

0.6

Hildebrandt et al. 16
0.16

0.24

0.32

0.40

⌦m

KiDS: the Kilo-Degree Survey (Leiden, …)

30

Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC)• largest camera• 3m high• weigh 3 ton• 104 CCDs(~0.9B pixels)• Japan, Taiwan andPrinceton

Subaru HSC = superb image quality
6 fields (~140 sq. deg. in total)
HECTOMAP

VVDS
2◦ 00’◦

0.9

1◦ 30’Dec [deg]◦

43 30’
00’
42◦ 30’00’
0◦ 30’
00’-0◦ 30’

248◦

246◦

244◦

242◦
RA [deg]

240◦

238◦

WIDE12H336◦
RA [deg]

334◦

332◦
0.8

GAMA15H

1◦ 00’

1◦ 00’

0◦ 30’

0◦ 30’Dec [deg]

Dec [deg]

338◦

340◦

00’
-0◦ 30’-1◦ 00’00’
0.7-0◦ 30’-1◦ 00’
30’

30’
182◦

180◦
RA [deg]

178◦

176◦

225◦

220◦

215◦
RA [deg]

Subaru HSC typically 0.6” seeing FWHM (spatial resolution)⇔ DES: ~0.9”
GAMA09H

0.6

XMM

4

-2◦ 00’◦2◦

Dec [deg]

Dec [deg]-3◦ 00’0.5-4◦ 00’-5◦ 00’0◦

0.4-6◦ 00’140◦135◦RA [deg]

130◦

38◦

36◦

34◦
RA [deg]

32◦

30◦

seeing [arcsec]

Dec [deg]

44 00’

Weak gravitational lensing (shear)“characterize” the shapeof every faint galaxy

Credit: NHKUnprecedented wide and deep 3D DM map
Oguri et al. 18

Largest 3D dark matter map(~ 7

one particular field (VVDS field)

G

li
r
y

g

ye
t
h

a rs

a

y
wa

)

shape + photo-z

Weak lensing tomography
Simulation

Subaru HSC

1.2 < z < 1.5~6G yrs ago<latexit sha1_base64="hAl6nnIEHQG2rTKzoKaCshJoYPE=">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</latexit>~5G yrs ago
0.9 < z < 1.2<latexit sha1_base64="0rUemiGo4jf2A4o/GzQNyQJWtnY=">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</latexit>~4G yrs ago
0.6 < z < 0.9<latexit sha1_base64="y+TeuqQo0zIP1vO6SmtIw3Gf6y4=">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</latexit>~3G yrs ago
0.3 < z < 0.6<latexit sha1_base64="M/1kXYuzDxyRNd+9vdehLcG9TXw=">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</latexit>

Hikage, Oguri+ 1835

Subaru telescopeHSC-Y1 cosmic shear cosmology• Pros– Can measure “total” matter power
clustering
✓
◆
Z
`
2
2 NL
C` = d WGL ( )Pm k = ; z( )<latexit sha1_base64="sXDiv2DX4fMho27gqUNLjoouDCU=">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</latexit>• Cons– All the systematic errors additively
contribute the measurements (⇔ g-g
lensing)– Challenges: Photo-z errors and baryonicphysics– HSC data are very deep compared to
DES: precursor of LSST

Pseudo-power spectrum estimator Ẽ`m ± iB̃`m =(Hikage, MT, Hamana, Spergel 11)<latexit sha1_base64="IxpAW9oN7k+tj/N2lSAk1INvS2o=">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</latexit>
sha1_base64="bs8QlLljyYde7WbNFuyzJJm+ZMk=">AAACVXichVG7SgNBFD1ZX3F9JMFGsAmGiFW4a6NYCTaWeZgHxBB2N6Mu2ewuu5tADP5AWgsLKwUR8TNs/AGL9DZiGcHGwrubgKiod5iZM2fm3DlzR3NMw/OJBhFpYnJqeiY6K8/NywuLsfh8ybPbri6Kum3abkVTPWEalij6hm+KiuMKtaWZoqw1d4P9cke4nmFb+37XEbWWemQZh4au+kxl6/EUZSiM5E+gjEEK47DjNzhAAzZ0tNGCgAWfsQkVHrcqFBAc5mroMecyMsJ9gVPIrG3zKcEnVGabPB7xqjpmLV4HOb1QrfMtJneXlUmk6ZFuaUgPdEfP9P5rrl6YI/DS5VkbaYVTj/WXC2//qlo8+zj+VP3p2cchtkKvBnt3QiZ4hT7Sd07Oh4XtfLq3Rlf0wv4vaUD3/AKr86pf50T+AjLXX/le7Z+gtJFRKKPkCFGsYBXrXOZN7GAPWRT5ugb6OIs8SbKUGP2TFBl/WAJfQlr6AAYJh7c=</latexit>
sha1_base64="4nMCve2tH56lkT4PJij3oGHnjro=">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</latexit>
sha1_base64="N1gBOCqcJzoCYo7PGbCpXWC5M4A=">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</latexit>
sha1_base64="x4nAfQh390HE1T8iL54TSupAlho=">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</latexit>Z

d2 n w(n) [ 1 (n) ± i 2 (n)] Y`m (n)ĈlEE = Mll01<latexit sha1_base64="37limAYdDXcnh9fZ6he7G7UiEpw=">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</latexit>

⇥

ClEE
0

Nl 0

137 sq. deg.
0.3<z<1.5300<ell<1900n_eff~16.5 arcmin-2
Used ~10M galaxies

Before lensed

After lensed
0.3%corresponding(only
axis ratio
total
S/N~16,to ~3%ininellipticity)
S_8
S8 ⌘<latexit sha1_base64="5HCkKY0AshQbua1DMKJKE6NAHYU=">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</latexit>

8 (⌦m0 /0.3)

0.45

Hikage, Oguri+ 19⇤

Before unblinding on 26 June, 2018
Hikage, Oguri+ 19

After unblinding on 26 June
Clumpiness of the Universe

Hikage, Oguri+ 19

3.6% fractional accuracy

39

Fraction of matter (mostly DM) to the total energy

HSC preferred universe Planck preferred universe<latexit sha1_base64="cL4qnW6Gc3nLWcklXSFLzVQMtxU=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="BSCbnfOJGVbXY1lUZAgjzDd9jh0=">AAACqHichVFBTxNBFH6sglARKl5MvGxsMIZD83ZtKHgi9sKxUEoxlDQ729cyYXd2nd021g1/wD/gwRMkxBB/hhdvnEjoTzAcIfHCgbfbGvWAvsnMvPnmfd98MyNCT0Yx4nDCuHd/curB9Ezu4eyjufn844XtKOhpl+pu4AV6RzgReVJRPZaxRzuhJscXHjXEQSXdb/RJRzJQW/EgpD3f6SrZka4TM9TKV5qCulIl9E45WjuDpcNc0xfB+6QpOuZ6rWKyWoe0prbZUzJVIq4g1f6D0coXsLi6smyXlk0sIpYt20oTu1x6VTItRtIowDiqQf4LNKENAbjQAx8IFMSce+BAxG0XLEAIGduDhDHNmcz2CQ4hx9weVxFXOIwe8Njl1e4YVbxONaOM7fIpHnfNTBMW8RxP8Qq/41f8gTd3aiWZRuplwLMYcSlszX98Wvv5X5bPcwz7v1n/9BxDB1Yyr5K9hxmS3sId8fsfPl3VXm8uJi/wGC/Z/xEO8RvfQPWv3ZMN2vwMOf6AX69s3p1s20ULi9aGXVh7M/6KaXgGz+Elv3cZ1mAdqlDnc0/hDC5gaCwZVaNhvB2VGhNjzhP4KwxxC0rtpTQ=</latexit>

simulated dark matter distribution in the Universe 40
todayAfter unblinding on 26 June
Hikage, Oguri+ 19

Planck CMB

HSC (140 deg2)
DES (~1300 deg2)
Tension? CMB (~400,000 yrs) and LSS
probes (~8 -14G yrs) are not consistent witheach other for clumpiness of the Universe

KiDS (400 deg2)

41

Hikage et al. 19

Weak neutrinomass constraint
due to thepreferred low-Ω_m
in HSC data
Planck lensing:M_nu<0.2eV (95%)

Prospects of HSC survey
0.96

S8(↵ = 0.45)

0.92

HSC 91%
DES 100%
Planck0.88
0.84

DES-full (4000 deg2)

0.80
0.76

HSC-full (1400 deg2)

0.72
0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

⌦m

0.35

0.40

0.45

Prospect for Subaru HSC+PFS

From PFS cosmology document(Komatsu et al.; also see Takada
et al. 14)

LiteBIRD important for neutrino mass!
CMB-S4 + Euclid. . . + LiteBird. . . + SKA1 IM + ⌧reio prior

CMB amplitude: C`obs / As e 2⌧reio
Degeneracies btw As and tau<latexit sha1_base64="ES+rvCPaAtCtgZerErsRx4HrVGQ=">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</latexit>

0.076

⌧reio

0.068
0.06
0.052
0.044
0.02

0.04

0.06

M⌫

0.08

0.1

0.044 0.052

0.06

⌧reio

0.068 0.076

Cosmology goals of neutrino physics
in the next decade• With upcoming cosmology datasets (CMB, galaxy
surveys), we aim at achieving– Constrain the relativistic degrees of freedom (e.g.,sterile neutrinos or axion): (Ne↵ ) ' 0.027<latexit sha1_base64="rpd0xex54SRxisTZ2PkR9IO4clM=">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</latexit>– Determine neutrino mass (the sum of three-species
neutrino masses):(m) ' 0.02 eV<latexit sha1_base64="1SmhE+aDT8NvjEKlwlmyvF01GqM=">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</latexit>⌫,tot

complementary to double-beta decay exp.

• These are clear targets (no new physics needed)• Challenges: systematic errors (e.g., galaxy bias,
other astrophysics effects)