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Human Evolution
Organising CommitteePeter Rhys Evans (chairman)
Prof. Michael Crawford
Prof. Mario Vaneechoutte
Dr. Marc Verhaegen

Under the Auspices ofThe British Society for the Advancement of Science
The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust
The Royal Society of Medicine
The McCarrison Society

INTRODUCTION
We present a 2 day
symposium to explore
newresearchandevidence which suggests
Peter Rhys-Evansthat at some stage
during the last few million years, our humanancestors were exposed to a period of semiaquatic evolution which led to the acquisition ofunique and primordial human characteristics,
not seen in chimpanzees, gorillas or otherprimates or terrestrial mammals, but present indifferent combinations in waterside and aquaticmammals. These include our streamlined shapeand upright stance, fur loss and tendency toobesity. Other unique human characteristics
such as enlarged brains, tool use and extreme
dexterity, our voluntary breath control andability to speak are unique and not seen in any
other terrestrial mammal.
Inspired by Sir Alister Hardy's visionary
writings and Elaine Morgan's Aquatic Ape
Theory, on the first day we explore the climatic,
tectonic, fossil, anatomical, physiological andnutritional data that suggest a littoral evolutionof the genus Homo on the shores of the Indian
Ocean and elsewhere. We highlight theimportance of the waterside influences, anddiscuss how aquatic adaptations in the genus
Homo permitted their evolution into a largebrained, bipedal hominid that colonized theOld World as far as the island of Flores inIndonesia, Tafelbaai in South-Africa, andBoxgrove and Pakefield in England, trekking
along coasts and rivers. We expect to show
how this waterside theory finally lays to rest
the discredited Savannah Theory.

On day 2, the theme ‘Scars of Evolution’
explores the significance of these evolutionarychanges, leading to anatomical, physiologicaland pathological differences in man. Someof these changes have led to enlargementof the brain and the acquisition of speech,
important functions that allowed the genus
Homo to become such a dominant species.
Others might be associated with ‘unexpected’or even pathological conditions, not seen inother terrestrial mammals, as diverse as
neonatal swimming behaviour, obesity,alopecia and acne, hyperhidrosis, lumbar
osteoarthritis, varices, inguinal hernias andvaginal prolapses. Other uniquely humanconditions such as hyperventilation, sudden
infant death syndrome, sleep apnoea
syndrome, Cheyne-Stokes breathing andasthma, vasomotor rhinopathy, sinusitis andpossibly thyroid disorders and cystic fibrosis
may also be related to our waterside
evolutionary pathway.
The well-known phrase “We are what we eat”
has major implications on our current life-styleand health. To close the symposium, there will
be a challenging discussion on “Global Healthand Nutritional Implications” to explore how
insight into our past might help to direct ourfuture health and destiny.
We hope that many who are interested inthis waterside aspect of human evolution,
not only supporters of the so-called
Aquatic Ape Theory, will attend and willtake the opportunity of submitting posters
for presentation at the meeting.

PROGRAMME OF EVENTS
Wednesday 8th May
1700-1900

Registration

1900-2100

Welcome Reception
The Worshipful Society of Apothecaries,
Apothecaries’ Hall, Black Friars Lane, London EC4V 6EJ

Thursday 9th May
0730-0815

Day 1: Origins of The Naked Ape

Registration and Coffee

0815-0825 Welcome
0825-0845 Hominin Evolution Revisited (A tribute to Prof. Phillip Tobias)
0845-1040

Peter Rhys Evans
Michael Crawford

Session 1. Africa or Asia – The Cradle of Mankind?
Chairman: Kathlyn Stewart
Moderator: Mario Vaneechoutte

0845-0920 Human Evolution and Migration and the Roles of Water Bodies Stephen Oppenheimer
0920-0940 Why neither the Savannah nor the Aquatic Hypotheses holds Water
John Langdon
0940-1000 Coastal adaptations, complex topography, and submerged landscapes:
an archaeological perspective on human dispersal
Geoff Bailey
1000-1020 The Palaeoecology of Human Evolution
Stephen Munro
1020-1040 Discussion
1040-1110

Coffee1110-1300

Session 2. A Theatre of Change – Running or Swimming?
Chairman: Donald Johanson
Moderator: Stephen Munro

1110-1130
1130-1150
1150-1210
1210-1230
1230-1300

Coastal Migration of Land-Based Mammals
Javier Caraveo-Patiño
The Wading Hypothesis and the Evolution of Human Bipedality
Algis Kuliukas
Homo litoralis: Pleistocene Diaspora along Coasts and Rivers
Marc VerhaegenSpecialisations for Diving Animal SpeciesAndreas Fahlman
Discussion

1300-1400

Lunch and Poster Display

1400-1540

Session 3. Littoral Scenarios for Evolution and Dispersal of Homo
Chairman: Algis Kuliukas
Moderator: Martha Lahr

1400-1420
1420-1440
1440-1500
1500-1520
1520-1540

Lucy, the Australopithecines and Early Bipedal Apes
Exploitation of Environmental Resources
Neanderthals and their Demise
Evidence from the Seabed for Hominin Occupation of theCoastal Zones throughout the last Million Years
Discussion

1540-1610

Tea

1610-1800

Session 4. Worldwide Diaspora
Chairman: Leigh Broadhurst
Moderator: Michael Crawford

1610-1630
1630-1650
1650-1710
1710-1730
1730-1800

African Origins and Human Dispersals
Happisburgh and European Coastal Settlements
The Archaeology of Multiple Hominin Dispersals
across Southern Asia
Who were the First Americans?
Discussion

1800

Close

1930
2030

Champagne Reception
Gala Dinner
Grange St. Paul’s Hotel, London EC4V 5AJ
Hosted by Mr Tony Matharu, Vice-President of Oracle Cancer Trust,Managing Director of Grange Hotels, Chairman of Indian Ocean
Disaster Relief and Chairman of Lord’s Taverners (London)

Donald Johanson
Leigh Broadhurst
Clive Finlayson
Nic Flemming

Martha Lahr
Nick Ashton
Michael Petraglia
Dennis Stanford

Friday 10th May

Day 2: The Scars of Evolution

0800-0830 Coffee
0830-0900 Introduction
0900-1100

Sir David AttenboroughSession 5. Fossil Skulls and Physiological Implications
Chairman: Sir David AttenboroughModerator: Marc Verhaegen0900-0920 Nature’s Great Experiment:

The Evolution and Development of the Human Larynx
Jeffrey Laitman
0920-0940 Human Breath-Hold Diving Ability
Erika Schagatay
0940-1000 The Origin of Speech
Marc Verhaegen & Mario Vaneechoutte
1000-1020 The Darwinian Evolution of Speech –From Near Incipient Vernaculars to Modern Languages
Bernard Bichakjian
1020-1040 Aural Exostoses Provide Hard Evidence of Man’s Aquatic Past
Peter Rhys-Evans
1040-1100 Discussion
1100-1120

Coffee1120-1300

Session 6. Aquatic Adaptations
Chairman: Erika Schagatay
Moderator: Peter Rhys-Evans

1120-1140

1220-1240
1240-1300

Unique Homo Characteristics –Are they Compatible with a Semi-Aquatic Past?
Aquatic Reflexes in Newborn Humans
Dental Micro-wear and Diet: the Role of Geographic andCultural Contexts in Human Evolution
Visual Adaptations to Aquatic Lifestyle
Discussion

1300-1400

Lunch and Poster Display

1400-1540

Session 7. Global, Nutritional and Health Implications (part 1)
Chairman: Sir David King
Moderator: Brunetto Chiarelli

1400-14201420-1440
1440-1500
1500-1520
1520-1540
1540-1600

Pregnancy and Neonates
Survival of the Fattest
Nutrition and Development of the Brain
Aquatic Foods and Fuelling the Hominin Brain
Human Brain Changes Resulting From the Aquatic Phasein Human History
Discussion

1600-1620

Tea

1620-1740

Session 8. Global, Nutritional and Health Implications (part 2)
Chairman: Cedric Hassall
Moderator: Kebreab Ghebremeskel

1620-1640
1640-1700
1700-1720
1720-1740
1740-1800

The Environmental Challenges of the 21st Century
Environment, Nutrition and Cancer
Poverty and Global Nutrition Crisis
Discussion
Poster Award Ceremony and Closing Remarks

1140-1200
1200-1220

Mario Vaneechoutte
Dirk Meijers
Pierre-François Puech
Anna GislénMichel Odent
Stephen Cunnane
Michael Crawford
Kathlyn Stewart
Brunetto Chiarelli

Sir David King
Dame Valerie Beral
Kebreab Ghebremeskel

Human Evolution – Past, Present and Future
Anthropological, Medical and Nutritional Considerations
08-10 May 2013
Fee for 2-day conference on 9th and 10th May 2013:
Early Bird Rate: £250
Standard Rate: £300
Early bird rate available for bookings and payments received before
12 midday on 1st February 2013.

Please tick box(es) if you will be attending the following:(There are no additional fees, but limited number of places –early booking advised)
Wednesday 8th May 2013
1900 – 2100 Welcome Evening Reception
The Worshipful Society of Apothecaries,
Apothecaries’ Hall, Black Friars Lane,
London EC4V 6EJ

Payment by Invoice
If your employer has agreed to pay your fees and an invoice needs tobe sent, it is essential that you give full details below of the contact
name, department and full postal address. If any information ismissing, your application will not be processed.
If your application form needs to be approved by another department,
please ensure that it is processed and forwarded to us quickly. It isyour own responsibility to ensure that your application is approvedby your employer and forwarded to us.
Purchase Order Number (if required): _____________________________________
Contact name of whom the invoice should be addressed to:__________________________________________________________________________________

Thursday 9th May 2013
1930 – 2230 Champagne Reception and Conference Dinner
Grange St. Paul’s Hotel,
10 Godliman Street, London EC4V 5BD

Department: ___________________________________________________________________

Please tick if you would like to submit a poster

Fax no: _________________________________________________________________________

Contact conferencecentre@rmh.nhs.uk for details on
how to submit. (Prizes to be awarded at the end of Day 2)

Hotel Accommodation
To book your accommodation with Grange St. Paul’s Hotel, London,
please call, Hotel Reservations Department on 020 7074 1000
quoting reference CNB123083. (This special discounted rate issubject to availability– early booking advised)
Please note that accommodation agreements are between you and
the Grange Hotels Group. The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust
will not be held responsible for issues in relation to any bookings
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