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ʁʠt[ƱÍ ΀ 14 ŵ͠ͶƘÍҾƘѼƘƱҿ                                    

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Ì̿Ӆt[˝¯¯β> 80 ǯҾʠΧҿTossapon Tassanakunlapan (Chiang Mai University)"The Commercializing Ultra Royalist Movements"
Yuji Mizukami (Chiang Mai University)"Change of Informal Sector in the 10 years and Democracy in Thailand"
Saichol Sattayanurak (Chiang Mai University)"War of Coining before and after the 1932 Revolution"ƘÍȄʁÍƍ;6ѪǦ











10




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υ̼ДҦƌšϮʄ                        ÍƍӅ 11:20Ӂ11:55

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Abstract
The Commercializing of Ultra-Royalist Movements.
Tossapon Tassanakunlapan
Faculty of Law, Chiangmai University
The Ultra-Royalist Movements is a Social Networks which has been connecting each other bycommercialization process: adopt an image of Monarchy as a common symbol for them. Those groups
consist of beneficial groups, Political groups, Capitalists, Authorities, Press and Mass; politicalentrepreneurs and symbolic consumers. Commercialization, reproducing an easy and infrangibly“message” or the same “plot” to propaganda via a prevailing communication tools, were used as amethods to construct a passion to the Monarchy by those Ultra-Royalist actors or groups. The UltraRoyalist actors or groups have brought a symbol of Monarchy to promote their image on behalf of a
Brands Marketing strategy. They build up the networks of emotions and feelings through many publicrelation and commercial activities such as public media, multi-media and political movements’ activities:
adapting signifiers which could signify the Royalty to Monarchy; political fashion that became a sign of“Yellow-Shirt” Movements. The vary Anti Ultra-Royalist movements, who rise up against them, will be
suppressed in the name of “virtue”, “unity”, “patriotism” and “royalism” which could dominated those
diversity voices. Thus, The Counter-Discourses were happened in forms of counter-information that
could decrease Symbolic Power of Monarchy unpredictably. However, Symbolic Domination still highly
remain and affect to legal consequence in a state of exceptions for many cases and issues, especially when
it came to the dispute that Ultra-royalist Movements try to claim their Exclusive Legitimacy. Hence, theCommercialization of Ultra-royalist Movements has been occurring, the stability of Monarchy status in
Thai Society received a vigorous impacted.

Keywords; Royalist Movement, Commercializing, Social Network, Legal consequence, Monarchy

15th Annual Meeting ,Japanese Society for Thai Studies, Kyoto University and Osaka
University “Change of Informal Sector in the 10years”

Change of Informal Sector in the 10 years and Democracy in Thailand
Yuji Mizukami
Faculty of Humanities Chiang Mai University
Abstract
The informal sector is large economic sector has been employed a lot of labor in
Thailand which has been drastically changed in this decade. Since the coup in
September 2006 collapsed Thakshin Administration whose policy made benefit to
informal sector, it has been reported that some part of people working in informal sector
actively support and participate anti-Democrat party government, so-called red shirts
movements. After the forceful protest against Abhisit administration that leaded toviolent military crackdown on 10 April and 19 May in 2010, nowadays each
pro-Thakshin ruling party and anti- Thakshin opposition party understands how muchpeople in informal sector have significant political role in election, security. Besides, tosatisfy their feelings and to fulfill their callings becomes one of the major purposes of
economic policy for Thai government. The aim of this study is to clarify what factors areimportant to make them to be involved in political activities by analyzing statistical
data which are collected by National Statistical Office Thailand (NSO).
In the first section, considering that what is character of the red shirts supporters who
are actively joining in political rallies and movements coming after 2006 coup, areconsist of labor in informal sector. In the following section, reviewing change of Thaigovernment’s policy for informal sector indicate the trend to try to including informal
sector to formal sector, especially Thaksin administration’s policy. The third section is toexplain the socio-economic changes in informal sector from 1994 to 2010 by using tables
and graphs opted from informal sector statistic.
The main findings of this study are following ;1) During 1994 to 2005,in regard to in
Bangkok , Central and South region where it could be observed significant decline of
informal sector ratio, in North and North-east region was seen relatively small amountof decline, thus, so-called Thakshin’s political bases had been keeping high informal
sector ratio. Further it might be seen co-relation between Bangkok’s ratio and North
and North-east’s ratio after 2005. 2) There have been aging tendency in informal sector.
As a rule, elderly has to been frequently required using medical care service andsomewhat depends their life on social security system, in other words, people in
informal sector are sensitive group to their benefit from social service. 3) Educational
level of people in informal sector after 2005 has been improving implies that there
might be substantial miss-matching in whole Thai labor market that leads
dissatisfaction with socio-economic condition.

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The revolution in 1932 has change the system of government from an absolutemonarchy to a constitutional monarchy. Under this new system, the written constitution
was granted for the first time and expected to be the supreme law of Thai politics. However,during the 80 years of the constitution monarchy, Thailand has promulgated 18
constitutions. Each Thailand Constitution lasts more than 4 years and a couple of months on
the average. This might be slightly different comparing to 4 years on executive or legislature
term.
Thai Constitution has been periodically changed so its role different from theconstitution in many western democracy countries. Overthrowing and drafting the new
constitution have not been peculiar in Thai society especially to fulfill the ruler’s aspiration
after the coup d’etat. As Thailand Constitutions have been classified a written constitution it
is widely believed that the rulers have full powers to complete the constitution itself.
During the 80 years <from 1932-2012> of the constitutional monarchy, not only thewritten constitution but also the customary constitution has been constructed in Thai
Constitution system. Customary constitution means the rules which have been practiced
and become norms among the rival groups in Thai politics. For example, the coup d’etat
maker itself could overthrow the constitution but promulgating the new one must be madeunder the royal signature. This pattern has never been written in any Thai constitutions but
it has become the accepted norm in Thai politics since 1950s which the court also confirmed
this practice and legality through the court verdict in this period.
Customary constitution has significantly determined the written constitution. It canbe summarized that the Thai Customary Constitution plays an important role as well as thewritten constitution. However, it should be borne in mind the customary constitution is notstatic but dynamic so it can be adjusted from time to time. To explore the constructing of thecustomary constitution will fulfill the understanding of the Thai Constitution.
The objective of this study is to explore and analyze the Thai Customary Constitution
in these areas; the role of the Thai Written Constitution, the coup d’etat, the parliamentary
system, and the Monarchy in order to reveal the presence of the Thai CustomaryConstitution as mentioned, the role of rival factions in constructing and maintaining thecustomary constitution that has continued up to the present.