ෘ↢ഭ௛⋭ෘ↢ഭ௛⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌⵬ഥ㊄ഭ௛቟ోⴡ↢✚ว⎇ⓥ੐ᬺഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᶐㅘᚻᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥᐔᚑ㧞㧞ᐕᐲ✚᜝࡮ಽᜂ⎇ⓥႎ๔ᦠ

ਥછ⎇ⓥ⠪ Ꮉ਄ᙗੱᐔᚑ㧞㧟㧔㧞㧜㧝㧝㧕ᐕ㧟᦬⋡  ᰴΣ㧚✚᜝⎇ⓥႎ๔ᦠഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᶐㅘᚻᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ
̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ ̖̖̖̖̖̖̖ Τ㧚ಽᜂ࡮දജ⎇ⓥႎ๔ᦠ㧝㧚ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠߊ
'$/ ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ㐿⊒㧝㧕୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ߩ᥉෸࡮ᶐㅘ̖̖̖̖̖̖̖ፉᵤ᣿ੱઁ ̖̖̖̖̖̖ 㧞㧕▤ℂ⋙〈⠪ᢎ⢒ߩ᥉෸࡮ᶐㅘ̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖ႇ ᣿⚐ઁ ̖̖̖̖̖̖ 㧟㧕⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߩ᥉෸࡮ᶐㅘ̖̖̖̖̖̖ศᎹ ᔀઁ ̖̖̖̖̖̖ 㧞㧚ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ㐿⊒㧝㧕ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿㧔੍஻⺞ᩏ 㧕ߩା㗬ᕈ࡮ᅷᒰᕈ
߅ࠃ߮ࠕ࠙࠻ࠞࡓߣߩ㑐ㅪᕈ̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖ේ⼱㓉ผઁ ̖̖̖̖̖̖ 㧞㧕ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿୥⵬ዤᐲߩఝవ㗅૏̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖੗਄ᓆ⤿ઁ ̖̖̖̖̖̖ 㧟㧕⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ዤᐲߩᮡḰൻߩߚ߼ߩో࿖⺞ᩏ̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖Ꮉ਄ᙗੱઁ ̖̖̖̖̖̖ 㧟㧚ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩផㅴᨒ⚵ߺߩᬌ⸛
ഭ௛⃻႐ߦ߅ߌࠆࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ߩ৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᶐㅘᣇᴺ
̆ࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯ળ⼏ߦࠃࠆឭ᩺ ̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̆ਅశノ৻ઁ ̖̖̖̖̖̖ 㧠㧚ᶏᄖേะ
㧝㧕࠺ࡦࡑ࡯ࠢߦ߅ߌࠆࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷㧦ࠕ࠶ࡊ࠺࡯࠻
̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖ዊ↰ಾఝሶ ̖̖̖̖̖̖ 㧞㧕⡯႐ߩᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂߩߚ߼ߩ᰷Ꮊᨒ⚵ߺ PRIMA-EF)̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ ̖̖̖̖̖̖̖
㧟㧕⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ0Q‫ߢ⊛↥↢ޟ‬ஜᐽߥ⡯႐ⅣႺߦࠃࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ㧦㓹↪⠪ะߌࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ‫ޠ‬̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖ᩙጟ૑ሶઁ ̖̖̖̖̖̖ 㧠㧕☨࿖ᔃℂቇળߩᔃℂ⊛ஜᐽ⡯႐̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖ᵤ㊁㚅ᄹ⟤ઁ̖̖̖̖̖ Υ㧚⎇ⓥᚑᨐߩೀⴕߦ㑐ߔࠆ৻ⷩ⴫̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖
Φ㧚⎇ⓥᚑᨐߩೀⴕ‛࡮೎೚̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖̖ ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲෘ↢ഭ௛⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌ഭ௛቟ో✚ว⎇ⓥ੐ᬺ‫ޟ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᶐㅘᚻᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ‫ޠ‬✚᜝⎇ⓥႎ๔ᦠഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᶐㅘᚻᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ
ਥછ⎇ⓥ⠪ Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ ᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ᢎ᝼

ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ⋡⊛ߪ‫ޔ‬Ԙഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ߦߟ޿ߡ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠߊ
(EBM)ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦࠍ૞ᚑߒ‫ޔ‬ԙኻ╷ߩᶐㅘ࠷࡯࡞ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿߅ࠃ߮઀੐ߩࠬ
࠻࡟್ࠬቯ࿑ࠍ᜛ᒛߒߚᣂߒ޿⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ⺞ᩏ␿ࠍ㐿⊒࡮ᮡḰൻߒ‫ޔ‬Ԛഭ૶‫↥ޔ‬ᬺ଻ஜ㑐ଥ⠪ߦࠃࠆࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯ળ⼏ߦࠃࠅኻ╷ߩផㅴᨒ⚵ߺࠍ⏕┙ߒ‫ޔ‬ԛᶏᄖ㧔WHO‫ޔ‬᰷Ꮊ‫☨ޔ‬࿖㧕ߩផㅴᣉ╷ࠍ෼㓸࡮ᢛℂߒ‫߇ࠊޔ‬࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ࠍਛ㧔ዊ㧕ⷙᮨ੐ᬺ႐߽฽
߼ߡᶐㅘߐߖࠆ࠷࡯࡞ࠍឭଏߒ‫ⴕޔ‬᡽ᣉ╷ࠍឭ⸒ߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᧄᐕᐲ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫ޔ‬Ԙഭ௛⠪୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷‫▤ޔ‬ℂ⋙〈⠪ᢎ⢒‫߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀ
ߩ㧟ߟߩኻ╷ߦߟ޿ߡᣢሽߩ⎇ⓥᚑᨐࠍ෼㓸ߒ EBM ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦࠍቢᚑߒߚ‫ޕ‬ԙᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ୥⵬ዤᐲߩା㗬ᕈ࡮ᅷᒰᕈ‫ޔ‬ఝవ㗅૏ߦ㑐ߔࠆᗧ⷗⺞ᩏ‫ోޔ‬࿖⺞ᩏߦࠃࠆᮡḰ୯ߩ▚಴ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬Ԛ㑐ଥ⠪㧔ࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯㧕ળ⼏ࠍ㧞࿁㐿௅ߒ‫߇ࠊޔ‬࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩផㅴᨒ⚵ߺߩᣂߒ޿⋡ᮡߣߥࠆ‫ޟ‬ஜᐽ̌޿߈޿߈̍⡯႐‫ߩޠ‬ቯ⟵ߣ᧦ઙߦߟ޿ߡ⸛⼏ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ԛ࠺ࡦࡑ࡯ࠢߩኻ╷ߩߘߩᓟߩ⚻ㆊߩઁ‫ޔ‬ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻᰷Ꮊᨒ⚵ߺ 24+/#'( ‫ޔ‬⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴ 0+%' ߩ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ0Q‫ߢ⊛↥↢ޟ‬ஜᐽߥ⡯႐ⅣႺߦࠃࠆᔃߩ
ஜᐽߩផㅴ㧦㓹↪⠪ะߌࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ‫☨ޔޠ‬࿖ᔃℂቇળߩஜᐽ⡯႐ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߟ޿ߡᖱႎ෼㓸ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
㧝㧚⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠߊ EBM ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩቢᚑ㧦ഭ௛⠪୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷‫▤ޔ‬ℂ⋙〈⠪ᢎ⢒‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߩ㧟ߟߩഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ኅ߅ࠃ߮⃻႐ߩታ〣ኅߩᗧ⷗ࠍ෼㓸ߒߡ‫⑼ޔ‬ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠߊ EBM ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦࠍቢᚑߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧞㧚ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ㐿⊒㧦ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ୥⵬ዤᐲߪ‫߽ࠇߕ޿ޔ‬ౝ⊛ᢛวᕈߦࠃࠆା㗬ᕈ߇㜞ߊ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬࿃ሶಽᨆߦࠃࠅ࿃ሶ⊛ᅷᒰᕈ߇⏕⹺ߢ߈ߚ‫↥ޕ‬ᬺ଻ஜࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ╬ߦࠃࠆᗧ⷗⺞ᩏߢߪ‫ޔ‬ఝవ㗅૏ 10 ૏߹ߢߦ޽ߍࠄࠇߚዤᐲߪ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߩᗧ⟵‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩ৻૕ᗵ㧔࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞࡮
ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞㧕‫ޔ‬ᓎഀ᣿⏕ߐ࡮ᦌᤒߐ‫౏ޔ‬ᱜߥੱ੐⹏ଔ‫ޔ‬਄มߩ౏ᱜߥᘒᐲ‫ޔ‬਄มߩ࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ‫ޔ‬୘ੱߩዅ㊀‫ࠆ߃ࠄ߽ߡ߼߶ޔ࠻ࡦࡔࠬ࡜ࡂޔ‬⡯႐‫ޔ‬ᖱ✜⊛⽶ᜂߢ޽ߞߚ‫ోޕ‬࿖⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ୥⵬ዤᐲߩ↵ᅚ೎ᐔဋ୯ࠍ▚಴ߒߚ‫ޔߪ࠲࡯࠺ߩߎޕ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿
ߩ್ቯᣇᴺࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆၮᧄߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟㧚ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩផㅴᨒ⚵ߺߩᬌ⸛㧦↥ᬺ଻ஜ⎇ⓥᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐‫↥ޔ‬ᬺ଻ஜኾ㐷⡯‫⚻ޔ‬༡࿅૕‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⚵ว╬ߩઍ⴫߇ෳടߒߚࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯ળ⼏ࠍ⛮⛯ߒ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿ᨒ⚵ߺߢࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߩ⋡ᮡߣߥࠆ‫ޟ‬ஜᐽ̌޿߈޿߈̍⡯႐‫ߩޠ‬ቯ⟵ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬ୘ੱ߇޿߈޿߈ߒߡ޿
ࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬ԙߘࠇࠍᡰ߃ࠆ⚵❱ℂᔨ߇޽ࠆ‫ޔ‬Ԛஜᐽ߇㧔ᦨૐ㒢㧕቞ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆߣⷐ⚂ߒߚ‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬ஜᐽ̌޿߈޿߈̍⡯႐‫ߩޠ‬ታ⃻ߩ᧦ઙ߿ᵴേߦߟ޿ߡߪߥ߅⛮⛯ߒߡᬌ⸛ਛߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧠㧚ᶏᄖേะ㧦ߎࠇࠄߩᶏᄖ੐଀߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬࠍታ⃻ߔࠆડᬺ࡮⡯႐ߩ᧦ઙ‫ߩߘޔ‬᥉෸࡮ផㅴᣇ╷ߦߟ޿ߡᖱႎ߇ᓧࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᧄᐕᐲ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᶐㅘᚻᴺߩߚ߼ߩ EBM ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ
߇ቢᚑߒ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿߇㐿⊒ߐࠇߚ‫߇ࠊߚ߹ޕ‬࿖ߩ⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩ⋡ᮡߣߥࠆ‫ޟ‬ஜᐽ̌޿߈޿߈̍⡯႐‫ߩޠ‬᭎ᔨ߇᣿⏕ߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬㧭㧚ߪߓ߼ߦ
ಽᜂ⎇ⓥ⠪
ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ⋡⊛ߪ‫ޔ‬Ԙഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ
ਅశノ৻ ᧲੩ක⑼ᄢቇ࡮ᢎ᝼
⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ߦߟ޿ߡ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠႇ ᣿⚐ ↥ᬺක⑼ᄢቇ࡮ᢎ᝼
ߊ(EBM)ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦࠍ૞ᚑߒ‫ޔ‬ԙኻ╷ߩᶐㅘ࠷ේ⼱㓉ผ 㧔⁛㧕ഭ௛቟ోⴡ↢✚ว⎇ⓥᚲ࡮ㇱ࡯࡞ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿߅ࠃ߮઀
㐳੐ߩࠬ࠻࡟್ࠬቯ࿑ࠍ᜛ᒛߒߚᣂߒ޿⡯ᬺᕈࠬ ศᎹ ᔀ 㧔⽷㧕ഭ௛⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ࡮೽ᚲ㐳࠻࡟ࠬ⺞ᩏ␿ࠍ㐿⊒࡮ᮡḰൻߒ‫ޔ‬Ԛഭ૶‫↥ޔ‬ᬺ଻ ፉᵤ᣿ੱ ᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ಎᢎ
ஜ㑐ଥઍ⴫⠪ߦࠃࠆળ⼏ߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲᝼࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩផㅴᨒ⚵ߺࠍ⏕┙−−㧮㧚ኻ⽎ߣᣇᴺ
㧝㧚⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦࠃࠆ EBM ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩቢᚑ
㧔㧝㧕୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷‫ޔ‬㧔㧞㧕▤ℂ⋙〈⠪
ᢎ⢒‫ޔ‬㧔㧟㧕⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᤓᐕᐲ૞ᚑߒߚࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ㧔᩺㧕ࠍߐࠄߦᬌ⸛
ߒ‫ޔ‬ቢᚑߐߖߚ‫ޕ‬㧝㧕ࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯߆ࠄߩᗧ⷗෼㓸ᐔᚑ 22 ᐕ 8 ᦬ 20 ᣣߦታᣉߐࠇߚࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ
ታോ⠪ળ⼏ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩ߭ߥဳߦ㑐ߔࠆᗧ⷗෼㓸ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ታോ⠪ળ⼏ߦߪ㧘ഭ௛቟ోⴡ↢⎇ⓥᯏ㑐㧘↥ᬺ଻ஜኾ㐷⡯㧔↥ᬺක㧘଻ஜᏧ㧘⥃ᐥᔃℂ჻㧕㧘૶↪⠪㧘ഭ௛஥࿅૕㧘ᴺᓞኅ
ߥߤ⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ߩ㑐ଥ⠪㧔ࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯㧕18 ฬ߇ෳടߒߚ‫ޕ‬಴Ꮸ⠪ߦኻߒߡߪ㧘߭ߥဳߣᩮ᜚ࠍឭ␜ߒߚ߁߃
ߢ㧘᭴ᚑ㧘ౝኈ㧘⴫⃻㧘ታᣉน⢻ᕈߥߤߩⷰὐ߆
ࠄ᏷ᐢߊᗧ⷗ࠍ᳞߼ߚ‫ޕ‬෼㓸ߐࠇߚᗧ⷗ࠍ߽ߣߦ㧘ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦୃᱜ᩺ࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧞㧕⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኾ㐷ኅ߆ࠄߩᗧ⷗෼㓸 ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦୃᱜ᩺ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞
ࡋ࡞ࠬߩታോߦ㑐ࠊࠆ↥ᬺක㧘♖␹⑼ක㧘⥃ᐥᔃ
ℂ჻㧘଻ஜᏧ㧘⋴⼔Ꮷߥߤ 8 ฬ߇㓸߹ࠆᬌ⸛ળࠍ
㐿௅ߒ‫ୃޔ‬ᱜ᩺ߦኻߒߡߐࠄߦᗧ⷗ࠍ෼㓸ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߎࠇࠄߩᗧ⷗ࠍ߽ߣߦ㧘ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦᦨ⚳ 㧔᩺㧕ࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧟㧕⃰ળ⼏ߦ߅ߌࠆ⼏⺰ ╙ 2 ࿁⃰ળ⼏㧔ᐔᚑ 23 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 11 ᣣታᣉ㧕ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦᦨ⚳ 㧔᩺㧕ߦ㑐ߒߡ⼏⺰ߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧞㧚ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ㐿⊒㧝㧕ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿㧔੍஻⺞ᩏ 㧕ߩା㗬ᕈ࡮ᅷᒰᕈ߅ࠃ߮ࠕ࠙࠻ࠞࡓߣߩ㑐ㅪᕈᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿㧔੍஻⺞ᩏ 㧕ࠍ↪޿ߡ‫ోޔ‬࿖ߩ 15 ᱦએ਄ߩ⛎ਈᚲᓧ⠪㧔฽߻ᓎ⡯⠪㧕ࠍኻ⽎ߦࡗࡈ࡯࡮ࡃ࡝ࡘ࡯࡮ࠗࡦࠨࠗ࠻ࡄ
ࡀ࡞ࠍ೑↪ߒߚࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻⺞ᩏࠍ 2010 ᐕ 3
᦬ 17 ᣣߦታᣉߒ‫ޔ‬1000 ੱ㧔↵ᕈ 687 ੱ‫ޔ‬ᅚᕈ
313 ੱ㧕ߩ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ෼㓸ߒߚ‫ᧄޕ‬ᐕᐲߪߎߩ࠺࡯
࠲ߩ⸃ᨆࠍⴕ޿‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿㧔੍஻⺞ᩏ 㧕ߩା㗬ᕈ࡮ᅷᒰᕈ߅ࠃ߮ࠕ࠙࠻ࠞ
ࡓߣߩ㑐ㅪᕈࠍᬌ⸛ߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧞㧕ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿୥⵬ዤᐲߩఝవ㗅૏ ᤓᐕᐲ૞ᚑߒߚ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⺞ᩏ␿ߩࡊ࡟࠹ࠬ࠻ ߦ฽߼ߚ㗄⋡ࠍ⛉ࠅㄟ߻ߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߦ‫↥ޔ‬ᬺ଻ஜࠬ࠲
࠶ࡈ߿ੱ੐ഭോᜂᒰ⠪╬ࠍኻ⽎ߦ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⺞ᩏ␿ߩࡊ࡟࠹ࠬ࠻ ߦ฽߼ߚ᭎ᔨߩ߁ߜ‫ޟޔ‬㊀ⷐߣᕁ߁߽
ߩ‫ޟ߮ࠃ߅ޠ‬ਇⷐ࡮૶޿ߦߊ޿ߣᕁ߁߽ߩ‫ࠍޠ‬᜼ߍߡ޿ߚߛߊ㨃㧱㧮ࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻ࠍታᣉߒߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬ᐔᚑ 23 ᐕ㧞᦬ᧃ߹ߢߦ‫ޔ‬ว⸘ 103 ฬߩ࿁╵߇ᓧࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬㧟㧕ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ዤᐲߩᮡḰൻߩߒ‫ޔ‬ԛᶏᄖ㧔WHO‫ޔ‬᰷Ꮊ‫☨ޔ‬࿖㧕ߩផㅴᣉ╷ࠍ෼㓸࡮ᢛℂߒ‫ޔ‬એ਄ࠍෳ⠨ߦ‫߇ࠊޔ‬࿖ߩ੐ᬺ႐ߦ
߅ߌࠆഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ࠍਛ㧔ዊ㧕ⷙᮨ੐ᬺ႐߽฽߼ߡᶐㅘߐߖࠆ᡽╷ࠍឭ⸒ߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠊ߇࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߪჇടߩ௑ะߦ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩஜᐽߩ଻ᜬ࡮Ⴧㅴ‫ޔ‬੐ᬺ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ቟ో࡮↢↥ᕈߩ⏕଻ߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ߘߩᧂὼ㒐ᱛ㧔╙৻ᰴ੍㒐㧕ߪഭ૶෺ᣇߦߣߞߡ
ఝవ㗅૏ߩ㜞޿⺖㗴ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߣߒ
ߡ⑼ቇ⊛᦭ലᕈ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆഭ௛⠪߳ߩᢎ⢒⎇ୃ‫▤ޔ‬ℂ⋙〈⠪ߩᢎ⢒⎇ୃ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߪ‫ޔ‬ߥ߅ో੐ᬺ႐ߩ৻ㇱ㧔ߘࠇߙࠇ 17, 11,7㧑㧕ߢߒ߆ታᣉߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿㧔ᐔᚑ 19 ᐕഭ௛⠪ஜᐽ⁁ᴫ⺞ᩏ㧕‫߇ࠊޕ‬࿖ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᐔᚑ 11 ᐕᐲഭ௛⋭ᆔ⸤⎇ⓥ⾌ߦࠃࠅ㐿⊒ߐࠇߚ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿߅ࠃ߮઀੐ߩࠬ࠻࡟್ࠬቯ࿑߇
੐ᬺ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ᵴേߩផㅴߩേᯏઃ
ߌߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫᦭ߩࠄࠇߎߒ߆ߒޕ‬ലߥ࠷࡯࡞߽
૞ᚑ߆ࠄ 10 ᐕ߇⚻ㆊߒ‫ޔ‬Ԙ઀੐਄ߩႎ㈽߿ࡂ࡜
ࠬࡔࡦ࠻‫౏❱⚵ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ᱜߥߤߩ㊀ⷐߥࠬ࠻࡟
ࠬⷐ࿃ࠍ⹏ଔߢ߈ߡ޿ߥ޿ߎߣ‫ޔ‬ԙᬺ⒳‫ޔ‬⡯⒳‫ޔ‬㓹↪ᒻᘒ㧔㕖ᱜⷙ㓹↪ࠍ฽߻㧕ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚ⹏ଔ‫ޔ‬್ቯ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿ߎߣߥߤ㒢⇇߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦᶏᄖߢߪߎߩ࠹࡯ࡑߦߟ޿ߡㄭᐕᄢ߈ߥ
ㅴዷ߇ߺࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⺞ߪߢࠢ࡯ࡑࡦ࠺ޕ‬ᩏ␿޽ࠆ޿ߪኾ㐷ኅߦࠃࠆ੐ᬺ႐┙ߜ౉ࠅ⺞ᩏߦࠃࠅ⡯႐ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ⁁ᴫࠍ⹏ଔߒ‫ޔ‬੐ᬺ႐ߦ⥄ਥ⊛ߥᡷༀࠍ൘๔ߔࠆ೙ᐲ㧔ദജ⟵ോ㧕߇ዉ౉ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ലᨐࠍ޽ߍߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬᰷Ꮊో૕ߢߪ‫ᧄޔ‬ᐕ‫↥ޔ‬ᬺ଻ஜኾ㐷⡯‫ޔ‬ഭ૶ߥߤߩ㑐ଥ⠪㧔ࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯㧕ળ⼏ࠍ⚻ߡ‫ޔ‬᰷Ꮊߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ߩផㅴᨒ⚵ߺߣߥࠆࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ߇ឭ᩺ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫߇ࠊޕ‬࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩ޽ࠅᣇࠍ⠨߃ࠆ਄ߢ‫ߚߒ߁ߎޔ‬࿖㓙േะࠍ〯߹߃ߡ⼏⺰ߔࠆߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᧄᐕᐲ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫ޔ‬Ԙഭ௛⠪୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ
╷‫▤ޔ‬ℂ⋙〈⠪ᢎ⢒‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߩ
㧟ߟߩኻ╷ߦߟ޿ߡᤓᐕ߹ߢߦ⚛᩺ࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ
EBM ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩ᩺ࠍቢᚑߒߚ‫ޕ‬ԙᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿㧔᩺㧕ࠍ↪޿ߚ੍஻⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒዤᐲߩᦨ⚳ ࠍ⏕ቯߒ‫ోޔ‬࿖ߩഭ௛⠪ߩઍ⴫ࠨࡦࡊ࡞ߦኻߔࠆ⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒߘߩᮡḰ୯ࠍ᳞߼ߚ‫ޕ‬Ԛ㑐ଥ⠪㧔ࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯㧕ળ⼏ࠍᐕ࿁㧞࿁㐿௅ߒ‫߇ࠊޔ‬࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ
࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩផㅴᨒ⚵ߺߦߟ޿ߡ⸛
⼏ߒߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬ᶏᄖേะߣߒߡ‫ⴕߩࠢ࡯ࡑࡦ࠺ޔ‬᡽⊛ផㅴᣉ╷ߩߘߩᓟ‫ޔ‬RIMA-EF ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߦ
ࠃࠆ᰷Ꮊᨒ⚵ߺ‫⧷ޔ‬࿖ NICE ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ஜᐽ⡯႐ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦߟ޿ߡᖱႎ෼㓸ߒߚ‫ޕ‬−−

PRIMA-EF ߦ 㑐 ㅪ ߔ ࠆ ᢥ ₂ ࠍ ෳ ⠨ ߣ ߒ ߡ ‫ޔ‬
PRIMA-EF ߩ᭎ⷐߦߟ޿ߡᢛℂߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧟㧕⧷࿖ NICE ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ⧷ ࿖ ࿖ ┙ ක ≮ ᛛ ⴚ ⹏ ଔ ᯏ ᭴ 0CVKQPCN+PUVKVWVGHQT*GCNVJCPF%NKPKECN'ZEGNNGPEG
0+%' ߩ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 0Q‫ߢ⊛↥↢ޟ‬ஜᐽߥ⡯႐ⅣႺߦࠃࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ㧦㓹↪⠪ะߌࠟࠗ ࠳ ࡦ ࠬ ‫ ޠ‬0+%' 2WDNKE *GCNVJ IWKFCPEG
2TQOQVKPIOGPVCNYGNNDGKPIVJTQWIJRTQFWEVKXGCPFJGCNVJ[YQTMKPIEQPFKVKQPUIWKFCPEGHQT
GORNQ[GTU ߪ‫ޔ‬௛ߊߎߣߩஜᐽ߳ߩ᦭↪ᕈࠍ೨ឭߦߒߡ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߩ‫ޔ‬⚵❱ో૕ߦኻߔࠆ૕♽⊛ߥࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴߿⹏ଔ‫࡝ޔ‬
ࠬࠢ▤ℂߥߤߩᣇᴺߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬㓹↪⠪ะߌߦ␜ߒ
ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫⎇ᧄޕ‬ⓥߢߪ‫ޔ‬0+%'2*IWKFCPEGࠍ⠡⸶ߔࠆߣหᤨߩߘߩ․ᓽࠍᢛℂߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧠㧕☨࿖ᔃℂቇળߩᔃℂ⊛ஜᐽ⡯႐
☨࿖ᔃℂቇળ㧔APA㧕߇ታᣉߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޟ‬ᔃℂ⊛ஜ ᐽ ⡯ ႐ 㧔 Psychologically Healthy
Workplaces㧕‫ޠ‬૞ࠅߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎࠍ෼㓸ߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧯㧚⚿ᨐ㧝㧚ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠߊ(EBM)ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ㐿⊒㧔㧝㧕୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ߩ᥉෸࡮ᶐㅘ
‫࡮↹⸘ޟ‬Ḱ஻‫ޟޠ‬ౝኈ‫ޟޠ‬ᒻᑼ‫ޟޠ‬੐ᓟߩኻᔕ‫ޠ‬
ߩ 4 ߟߩⷐ⚛ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘6 ߟߩ‫ޟ‬ផᅑౝኈ‫ ߣޠ‬4ߟߩ‫ࠄ߆ޠ࠻ࡦࡅޟ‬᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ߇ቢ
ᚑߒߚ‫ޕ‬ផᅑౝኈߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޟ‬ታᣉ࿁ᢙ‫ࠕࠤޟޠ‬ߩឭଏ⠪‫ޠ‬‫ߩࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊޟ‬᭴ᚑ‫ޠ‬‫⹏ࠬ࡟࠻ࠬޟ‬ଔߩ੐ᓟኻᔕ‫ޠ‬‫ߩࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊޟ‬ឭଏᒻᑼ‫ޠ‬‫ࠕ࡯ࡠࠜࡈޟ‬࠶ࡊ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߩ⸳ቯ‫ߡ޿ߟߦࠇߙࠇߘߩޠ‬㧘ߘߩᩮ᜚ߣታᣉߩࡐࠗࡦ࠻߇ឭ␜ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ห᭽ߦ㧘ࡅࡦ࠻ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޟ‬ኻ⽎ߩ⸳ቯ‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬1 ࿁޽ߚࠅߩታ
ᣉᤨ㑆‫ޠ‬‫ߩઁߩߘޟ‬ኻ╷ߣߩ⚵วߖ‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬ᵴ↪ଦㅴߩ
ߚ߼ߩᎿᄦ‫ߡ޿ߟߦࠇߙࠇߘߩޠ‬㧘ⵣߠߌߣߥࠆ
ࠦࡦ࠮ࡦࠨࠬߣታᣉߩࡐࠗࡦ࠻߇ឭ␜ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬㧔ፉᵤಽᜂ⎇ⓥႎ๔ᦠߩઃ㍳‫ޟ‬ഭ௛⠪୘ੱะߌࠬ
࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷㧔࠮࡞ࡈࠤࠕ㧕ߩࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ‫ࠍޠ‬ෳᾖߩߎߣ㧕㧔㧞㧕▤ℂ⋙〈⠪ᢎ⢒ߩ᥉෸࡮ᶐㅘ
▤ℂ⋙〈⠪⎇ୃࠍડ↹࡮ታᣉߔࠆߦ޽ߚߞߡ㧘ኻ⽎ߩㆬቯ㧘⎇ୃౝኈ࡮ᒻᑼ㧘⎇ୃ㗫ᐲ࡮ᦼ㑆ߩ
3 ߟߩⷐ⚛ߦߟ޿ߡ⎇ୃߩ᦭ലᕈ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߡ޿
ࠆ 7 ߟߩផᅑ㗄⋡ߣ㧘᦭ലᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆࠦࡦ࠮ࡦࠨ
ࠬ߇ᓧࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ 6 ߟߩࡅࡦ࠻ࠍឭ␜ߒߚ▤ℂ⋙〈⠪⎇ୃߩࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦࠍቢᚑߒߚ‫ࠗ࡜࠼ࠗࠟޕ‬ࡦߢߪ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇߩᩮ᜚ߣࠦࡦ࠮ࡦࠨࠬ߅ࠃ߮⎇ୃࠍታᣉߔࠆߦ޽ߚߞߡ૗ࠍߥߔߴ߈߆ࠍ␜ߒ
ߚ‫ޕ‬ฦផᅑ㗄⋡ߣࡅࡦ࠻ߦߪ㧘ή૞ὑൻᲧセ⹜㛎ߩᚑᨐߦၮߠߊ㗄⋡㧔A㧕㧘ⷰኤ⎇ⓥߩᚑᨐߦၮߠ
ߊ㗄⋡㧔B㧕㧘⎇ⓥᚑᨐߪߥ޿߽ߩߩᄙߊߩኾ㐷ኅߚ߼ߩో࿖⺞ᩏᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ୥⵬ዤᐲߩᮡ
Ḱൻߩߚ߼ߦ‫߇ࠊޔ‬࿖ߩഭ௛⠪ߩઍ⴫ࠨࡦࡊ࡞ߦ
ኻߒߡ⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᄙᲑ㓏᛽಴ጀൻή૞ὑ᛽
಴ߦࠃࠅ‫ోޔ‬࿖ߩઍ⴫ࠨࡦࡊ࡞ߣߥࠆᣣᧄ࿖☋ࠍ
ᜬߟ 20 ᱦએ਄ 60 ᱦએਅߩ↵ᅚ࿾ၞ૑᳃㧡ජੱࠍ᛽಴ߒߚ‫ޕ‬2011 ᐕ 2 ᦬ 18 ᣣ߹ߢߦ 2384 ฬ߆ࠄ᦭ല࿁╵ࠍ෼㓸ߒߚ㧔࿁෼₸ 47.7㧑㧕‫ޕ‬㧟㧚ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩផㅴᨒ⚵ߺߩᬌ⸛
㧔㧝㧕ഭ௛⃻႐ߦ߅ߌࠆࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ߩ৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᶐㅘᣇᴺ̆ࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯ળ⼏ߦࠃࠆឭ᩺̆㧔ಽᜂ㧦ਅశノ৻㧕ᧄಽᜂ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᤓᐕ߆ࠄᒁ߈⛯߈㑐ଥ⠪㧔ࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯㧕ળ⼏ࠍ㧞࿁㧔╙ 3 ࿁‫ ╙ޔ‬4 ࿁㧕㐿௅ߒ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ߩᣇะᕈߦ
ߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᐔᚑ 22 ᐕ 8 ᦬ 20 ᣣߦ╙㧟࿁ࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯ળ⼏ࠍ㐿௅ߒߚ‫ޕ‬಴Ꮸ⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ߥ⢛᥊ࠍᜬߟ㑐ଥ⠪ࠄߦࠃࠆળ⼏ߣߥࠆߎߣࠍ
⋡⊛ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᤓᐕห᭽‫╙ޔ‬㧟࿁‫ޔ‬4 ࿁ߣ߽‫ޔ‬ഭ௛቟ోⴡ↢⎇ⓥᯏ㑐߆ࠄߩ⎇ⓥ⠪‫↥ޔ‬ᬺ଻ஜኾ㐷⡯ߣߒߡ↥ᬺක‫଻ޔ‬ஜᏧ‫▤↢ⴡޔ‬ℂ⠪‫ޔ‬ᔃℂ⡯‫૶ޔ‬↪⠪஥࿅૕ߣߒߡ⚻࿅ㅪ‫᧲ޔ‬੩໡Ꮏળ⼏ᚲ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛஥࿅૕ߣߒߡㅪว‫ઁߩߘ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ಽ㊁߆ࠄᴺᓞኅ
ߦ಴Ꮸࠍଐ㗬ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᐔᚑ 22 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 27 ᣣߦ╙㧠࿁ࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯ળ⼏ࠍ㐿௅ߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧠㧚ᶏᄖേะ
㧝㧕࠺ࡦࡑ࡯ࠢߦ߅ߌࠆࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷㧦ࠕ࠶ࡊ࠺࡯࠻㧔⎇ⓥදജ㧦ዊ↰ಾఝሶ㧕࠺ࡦࡑ࡯ࠢߪ↥ᬺ଻ஜ‫࡞ࡋ࡞࠲ࡦࡔߌࠊࠅߣޔ‬ࠬኻ╷ߩ৻ᰴ੍㒐߇ᦨ߽ㅴࠎߢ޿ࠆ࿖ߩ߭ߣߟ
ߣ⸒߃ࠆ‫ࠢ࡯ࡑࡦ࠺ޕ‬᡽ᐭߪ 2004 ᐕߦ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛ⅣႺߦ㑐ߔࠆ 2005 ᐕ߆ࠄ 2010 ᐕߩᣂߒ޿ᚢ⇛ࠍ┙ߜ਄ߍߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᚢ⇛ߩਛߢᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ߥഭ௛ⅣႺ
ⷐ࿃ࠍఝవ⺖㗴ߩ৻ߟߣ૏⟎ߠߌ‫ޔ‬ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ഭ௛ⅣႺߩ໧㗴ߦࠃࠆ∔∛ભᬺࠍ 10㧑ᷫࠄߔߣ޿
߁ᢙ୯⋡ᮡࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫⋡ߩߎޕ‬ᮡࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆߚ
߼ߦ‫ߩߡߴߔߩࠢ࡯ࡑࡦ࠺ޔ‬ડᬺߦኻߒߡᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ഭ௛ⅣႺߩᩏኤࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇⟵ോઃߌࠄࠇ
ߡ޿ࠆ‫ᧄޕ‬ᐕᐲߪ‫ޔ‬ᤓᐕߩႎ๔ᦠߦᒁ߈⛯߈‫࠺ޔ‬ࡦࡑ࡯ࠢߩኻ╷ߦߟ޿ߡ⛮⛯ߒߡᖱႎࠍ෼㓸ߒ
ᢛℂߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧞㧕⡯႐ߩᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂߩߚ߼ߩ᰷Ꮊᨒ⚵ߺ(PRIMA-EF)᰷Ꮊ౒ㅢߢߩ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ߩౕ૕⊛ߥᨒ⚵ߺࠍ⏕┙ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬᰷Ꮊᯏ㑐(EC)ߩഥᚑࠍ
߁ߌߡ⡯႐ߩᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂߩߚ߼ߩ᰷Ꮊ ᨒ ⚵ ߺ 㧔 European Framework for
Psychosocial Risk Management (PRIMA-EF)ࡊ
ࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻߇  ᐕߦታᣉߐࠇ‫ޔ‬࿖߿ડᬺ߇ⴕ߁⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ߩᣇᴺ߿ߎࠇࠍ⹏ଔ
ߔࠆᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⎇ᧄޕ‬ⓥߢߪ‫ޔ‬−−૕ᗵ㧔࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞࡮ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞㧕㧔2㧕‫ޔ‬ᓎഀ᣿⏕ߐ࡮ᦌᤒߐ‫౏ޔ‬ᱜߥੱ੐⹏ଔ㧔3.5㧕‫ޔ‬਄มߩ౏ᱜ
ߥᘒᐲ㧔5㧕
‫ޔ‬਄มߩ࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ㧔6㧕‫ޔ‬୘ੱߩ
ዅ㊀㧔7㧕‫(࠻ࡦࡔࠬ࡜ࡂޔ‬8)‫ࠆ߃ࠄ߽ߡ߼߶ޔ‬⡯႐㧔9㧕‫ޔ‬ᖱ✜⊛⽶ᜂ㧔10㧕ߢ޽ߞߚ‫࡯࠺ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬࠲ߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩዤᐲߩਛ߆
ࠄᦨ⚳୥⵬ࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆၮ⋚ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟㧕ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ዤᐲߩᮡḰൻߩߚ߼ߩో࿖⺞ᩏ
2384 ฬߩ᦭ല࿁╵⠪ਛ‫↪ⵍޔ‬⠪ߪ↵ᕈ 847 ฬ‫ޔ‬
ᅚᕈ 786 ฬߢ޽ߞߚ‫ోޕ‬࿖⺞ᩏߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ୥⵬ዤᐲߣߒߡ(1) ૞ᬺ࡮⺖㗴࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬḮ࡮⾗Ḯ㧔㧥ዤᐲ㧕‫(ޔ‬2) ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ࡮ኻੱ㑐ଥ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬḮ࡮⾗Ḯ㧔10 ዤᐲ㧕‫(ޔ‬3) ⚵❱࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬḮ࡮⾗Ḯ㧔㧥ዤᐲ㧕‫ޔ‬(4) ࠕ࠙࠻ࠞࡓ㧔㧡ዤᐲ㧕ࠍ૶↪ߒߚ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷ߩ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿߽⺞ᩏ␿ߦ฽߼ߚ‫ⴕ⃻ޕ‬ߩ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩዤᐲᓧὐߩ↵ᅚ೎ᐔဋ୯‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ୥⵬ዤ
ᐲᓧὐߩ↵ᅚ೎ᐔဋ୯ࠍ⸘▚ߒߚ‫࡯࠺ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬࠲ߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ್ቯᣇᴺࠍ
᳿ቯߔࠆၮᧄߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟㧚ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩផㅴᨒ⚵ߺߩᬌ⸛
㧔㧝㧕ഭ௛⃻႐ߦ߅ߌࠆࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ߩ৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᶐㅘᣇᴺ̆ࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯ળ⼏ߦࠃࠆឭ᩺̆ߎࠇ߹ߢߩᚑᨐࠍ⊒ዷߐߖࠆᒻߢஜᐽ޿߈޿߈
⡯႐ࠍࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼ߣߒߡ‫╙ޔ‬㧟࿁ળ⼏ߢߪࡔࡦ࠲
࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ߩ৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ߩߚ߼ߩౕ૕⊛ߥᣇ╷ߦߟ޿ߡ‫╙ޔ‬㧠࿁ળ⼏ߢߪ࿖‫ޔ‬ડᬺ‫ޔ‬ㇱ⟑‫ޔ‬୘ੱ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢታⴕߔࠆߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ࠇࠆࠕ࡚ࠢࠪ
ࡦߦߟ޿ߡ‫ࠆࠃߦ⼏⸛ࡊ࡯࡞ࠣޔ‬ᬌ⸛ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ᩺ߩౕ૕⊛ߥୃᱜ߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ߇‫ࠅࠃޔ‬൮᜝⊛ߥ㗄⋡ࠍᬌ⸛ߒ⋓ࠅㄟ߻‫ࡦ࡚ࠪࠢࠕޔ‬᩺ߩ᭴ᚑ㧔ゲ㧕ߦߟ޿ߡੱ੐ഭോ೙ᐲ╬ߩⷰὐ߆ࠄߐ
ࠄߦᬌ⸛ࠍട߃ࠆ‫᧪ߤߥޔ‬ᐕᐲએ㒠߽ୃᱜᬌ⸛ߩ
ᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ࠬ࡞ࡋ࡞࠲ࡦࡔޔ‬ኻ╷ߩ৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ޔ‬㑐ㅪߔࠆᴺᢛ஻ࠍㅴ߼ࠆߣߣ߽
ߦડᬺߏߣߩ⥄ਥᡷༀᵴേࠍផㅴߒ‫ޔ‬୘ੱ߇߿ࠅ
߇޿ࠍ߽ߞߡ޿߈޿߈ߣ௛ߊߎߣߩߺߥࠄߕ‫▤ޔ‬ℂ⋙〈⠪ߣഭ௛⠪ߩ㑆߿ഭ૶㑐ଥ‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ㇱ⟑࡟ࡌ࡞‫ޔ‬ડᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߪ౏ᱜ߿ା㗬߿৻૕ᗵ߇㊀ⷞߒߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇㊀ⷐᕈߢ޽ࠆߎߣ‫ߟߦ╬ޔ‬޿ߡ㑐ଥ⠪ߩ㑆ߢวᗧᒻᚑ߇ߥߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬㧠㧚ᶏᄖേะ
㧝㧕࠺ࡦࡑ࡯ࠢߦ߅ߌࠆࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷㧦ࠕ࠶ࡊ࠺࡯࠻੐ᬺ႐ߦኻߔࠆᩏኤߦᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ഭ௛ⅣႺࠍ
฽߼ࠆߎߣ߇᳿ቯߐࠇߡએ㒠‫ޔ‬ഭ௛ⅣႺ⋙〈⟑ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᩏኤቭߩ⍮⼂ߣᩏኤᛛⴚߩะ਄‫ޔ‬ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ഭ௛ⅣႺߩ໧㗴ὐࠍㆡಾߦᛠីߔࠆߚ߼ߩࠟࠗ

߇᦭ലߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ㗄⋡㧔C㧕㧘ߩࠃ߁ߦᩮ᜚㧔ࠛࡆ࠺ࡦࠬ㧕ߩᒝߐߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦᔕߓߚ࡜ࡦࠢࠍ␜ߒ
ߚ‫ޕ‬㧔ႇಽᜂ⎇ⓥႎ๔ᦠߩઃ㍳‫▤ޟ‬ℂ⋙〈⠪ᢎ⢒ߩ EBM ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ‫ࠍޠ‬ෳᾖߩߎߣ㧕㧔㧟㧕⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߩ᥉෸࡮ᶐㅘᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲߦ૞ᚑߒߚ  㗄⋡᩺ࠍ߽ߣߦ‫↥ޔ‬ᬺ♖␹଻ஜ‫ੱޔ‬㑆Ꮏቇ‫ޔ‬ᔃℂቇ‫∉ޔ‬ቇ‫⼔⋴ޔ‬ቇ‫ޔ‬ⴡ↢▤ℂ⠪‫↥ޔ‬ᬺ଻ஜߩ⃻႐ታോ⠪‫ޔ‬ડᬺࠬ࠲࠶
ࡈߣߩวหࡒ࡯࠹ࠖࡦࠣࠍ㐿௅ߒ‫ࡦࠗ࡜࠼ࠗࠟޔ‬ߩᢥ㕙ߩୃᱜ‫ޔ‬ౝኈߩ⏕⹺‫ޔ‬ታ࿾⚻㛎ߦ߽ߣߠߊ
ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ߳ߩࠦࡔࡦ࠻ࠍ߽ߣ߼‫ୃޔ‬ᱜࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ‫⃻ޔߚ߹ޕ‬႐ߢታ㓙ߦ೑↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߦ㑐ㅪߒߚ੺౉੐଀ࠍ෼㓸ߒ‫ޔ‬ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦୃᱜߦᔕ↪ߢ߈ࠆὐ߇ߥ޿߆ᬌ⸛
ߒߚ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬ᨐ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᶐㅘᚻᴺߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߩ᥉෸࡮ᶐㅘߦ޽ߚߞߡ೑↪ߢ߈ࠆࠟࠗ
࠼࡜ࠗࡦߣߒߡ‫ߩ ޔ‬ዊ㗄⋡‫ߩߟ ޔ‬ᄢ㗄⋡߆ࠄߥࠆࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ᩺ࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ‫ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬㧝㧕ᣇ㊎࡮⸘↹࡮⚵❱ߟߊࠅ㧔⋡⊛ߩ᣿⏕ൻ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ᚻᴺ‫ࠅߊߟ❱⚵ޔ‬㧕‫ޔ‬㧞㧕ታᣉᚻ㗅ߩၮᧄ࡞࡯࡞㧔⦟ᅢ੐଀ߩᵴ↪‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ෳടဳߩડ↹‫ޔ‬ᄙ㕙ᄙ㊀࡝ࠬࠢߦ⋡㈩ࠅ㧕‫ޔ‬㧟㧕ታⴕᕈߩ޽ࠆㆇ
↪ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔⃻࿾ൻ࡮ࡠ࡯ࠞ࡞ൻ‫࡞࡯࠷ޔ‬ឭଏ‫ޔ‬৻⥸ഭ௛᧦ઙᡷༀߣหᤨᡷༀ㧕㧠㧕ࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶
ࡊߩ઀⚵ߺߣ⹏ଔ㧔ࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊ⸘↹‫⹏ޔ‬ଔߣ㗼ᓆ㧕ߦ߹ߣ߼ߚ‫ޕ‬㧔ศᎹಽᜂ⎇ⓥႎ๔ᦠߩ⾗ᢱ㧝‫⑼ޟ‬ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠߊࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ㧔2011 ᐕ 3 ᦬㧕⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀ
ߩᶐㅘ࡮᥉෸✬‫ࠍޠ‬ෳᾖߩߎߣ㧕㧞㧚ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ㐿⊒㧝㧕ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿㧔੍஻⺞ᩏ 㧕ߩା㗬ᕈ࡮ᅷᒰᕈ߅ࠃ߮ࠕ࠙࠻ࠞࡓߣߩ㑐ㅪᕈǩା㗬ᕈଥᢙߪ⡯ߩਇ቟ቯᕈ㧔቟ቯႎ㈽㧕ߢ߿߿ૐ߆ߞߚ߇ߘߩઁߩዤᐲߩǩା㗬ᕈଥᢙߪߔ
ߴߡ 0.73 એ਄ߢ޽ࠅ⦟ᅢߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬࿃ሶಽᨆߦ
ࠃࠅ࿃ሶ⊛ᅷᒰᕈ߇⏕⹺ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟
ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߪ‫઀ޔ‬੐‫ޔ‬⡯႐‫ߢ࡞ࡌ࡟ߩ❱⚵ޔ‬⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߦ㑐ߔࠆᄙ᭽ߥ஥㕙ߩᏅ⇣߿ᓇ㗀ࠍ൮᜝⊛ߦ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ߦᵴ↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇ᦼᓙߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞㧕ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿୥⵬ዤᐲߩఝవ㗅૏ ↥ᬺ଻ஜࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ߿ੱ੐ഭോᜂᒰ⠪╬߇‫ޟ‬㊀ⷐߣᕁ߁߽ߩ‫ߣޠ‬࿁╵ߒߚഀว߇ᦨ߽㜞߆ߞߚ᭎ᔨ
ߪ‫઀ޟ‬੐ߩᗧ⟵‫ޔߢޠ‬ᰴ޿ߢ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬⡯႐ߩ৻૕ᗵ㧔࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞㧕‫ޟޔޠ‬ᓎഀ᣿⏕ߐ࡮ᦌᤒߐ‫ޠ‬ߢ޽ߞߚ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ਇⷐ࡮૶޿ߦߊ޿ߣᕁ߁߽ߩ‫ޠ‬ߣ࿁╵ߒߚഀว߇ᦨ߽㜞߆ߞߚ㗄⋡ߪ‫ޟ‬ᣂᄸᕈ‫ޠ‬ߢ‫ޔ‬ᰴ޿ߢ‫੍ޟޔ‬᷹น⢻ᕈ‫ޟޔޠ‬ᚻ⛯߈ߩ౏ᱜᕈ‫ޠ‬ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ఝవ㗅૏ 10 ૏߹ߢߦ޽ߍࠄࠇߚዤᐲ
㧔᜝ᒐౝߪ㗅૏㧕ߪ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߩᗧ⟵㧔1㧕‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩ৻−−ࡖ࡯ߩᓎഀߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ౕޔ‬૕⊛ߥᣇᴺࠍ␜ߒߡ޿
ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧠㧕☨࿖ᔃℂቇળߩᔃℂ⊛ஜᐽ⡯႐
☨࿖ᔃℂቇળ߇ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ਄ߢ⚫੺ߒߡ޿ࠆᖱႎࠍరߦ‫ޔ‬ᔃℂ⊛ஜᐽ⡯႐ࠍ૞ࠆ਄ߢߩ 5 ࠞ᧦‫⴫ޔ‬ᓆ೙ᐲߦߟ޿ߡ߹ߣ߼ߚߣߎࠈ‫ޔ‬ᔃℂ⊛ஜᐽ⡯႐ࠍ૞ࠆ਄ߢߩ 5 ࡩ᧦ߣߪ‫ޟ‬1㧚ᓥᬺຬෳ↹‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬2㧚ࡢ࡯ࠢ࡮࡜ࠗࡈ࡮ࡃ࡜ࡦࠬ‫ޟޠ‬3㧚ᓥᬺຬߩᚑ㐳ߣ⊒ዷ‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬4㧚ஜᐽߣ቟ో‫ޟޠ‬5㧚ᱜᒰߥ⹏ଔ‫ޠ‬ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬࠳ࡦࠬ࠷࡯࡞ߩ㐿⊒╬ࠍⴕߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ഭ௛ⅣႺߦߟ޿ߡߩᩏኤߪ‫ޔ‬ડᬺ߆ࠄ᭎ߒߡ
ࡐࠫ࠹ࠖࡉߦฃߌ౉ࠇࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᩏኤߩᤨ㑆߇㒢ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ᩏኤቭ߇⡯႐ߩో૕௝ࠍ
⊛⏕ߦᛠីߒ߈ࠇߡ޿ߥ޿น⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆߣ޿߁
ᜰ៰߽޽ߞߚ‫ ߪ࡞࡯࠷ࠬࡦ࠳ࠗࠟޔߚ߹ޕ‬24 ᬺ⒳ߏߣߦಽ߆ࠇ‫ޔ‬㧝㧕઀੐ߩ㊂⊛⽶ᜂ࡮ㅦᐲ⽶ᜂ‫ޔ‬㧞㧕ᗵᖱ⽶ᜂ‫ޔ‬㧟㧕᥸ജ߿ߘߩ⢿ᆭ‫ޔ‬㧠㧕࠻࡜࠙ࡑߣߥࠆࠃ߁ߥ಴᧪੐‫ޔ‬㧡㧕޿ߓ߼࡮ࡂ࡜ࠬࡔࡦ
࠻‫ޔ‬㧢㧕ᄛൕ੤ᦧ೙ൕോࠍਥⷐߥෂ㒾࿃ሶߣߒߡ
ᛒߞߡ޿ࠆ߇‫∛∔ޔ‬ભᬺߣߩ㑐ㅪ߇ᒝ޿ߎߣ߇ᜰ
៰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆⵙ㊂ᐲߦߟ޿ߡߪ৻ߟߩෂ㒾࿃ሶߣߒߡ⁛┙ߒߡ߅ࠄߕ‫ޔ‬໧㗴ߩᛠី߇චಽߦ಴᧪
ߡ޿ߥ޿น⢻ᕈ߽ᜰ៰ߐࠇ‫ߩ࡞࡯࠷ࠬࡦ࠳ࠗࠟޔ‬⛮⛯⊛ߥᡷༀߣᩏኤቭߩᩏኤᛛⴚߩᦝߥࠆะ਄
߇᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬ᩏኤߦኻߔࠆੱ⊛⾗Ḯߩᛩ౉߇ߐࠄߦᦸ߹ࠇࠆ৻ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬ዊⷙᮨ੐ᬺ႐߇ᄙ
޿࠺ࡦࡑ࡯ࠢߢߪ‫੹ޔ‬એ਄ߩኻᔕߪ࿎㔍ߣ޿߁ᗧ⷗߽޽ࠆ‫⊛౏ޕ‬ᯏ㑐ߩᒝ೙ജࠍ઻ߞߚࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ
࡞ࠬኻ╷ߩዉ౉ࠍᣣᧄߢᬌ⸛ߔࠆ႐วߦ߽ห᭽
ߩ໧㗴߇㗼࿷ൻߔࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬ᬌ⸛ߩᔅⷐ߇޽
ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞㧕⡯႐ߩᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂߩߚ߼ߩ᰷Ꮊᨒ⚵ߺ(PRIMA-EF)
WHO ߆ࠄ಴ ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ PRIMA-EF ࠟࠗ࠼ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂߩ✚⺰‫ޔ‬PRIMA-EF ࡕ࠺ ࡞ ‫ ޔ‬ᔃ ℂ␠ ળ ⊛ ࡝ ࠬࠢ ▤ ℂ ߩ ਥⷐ ߥ ஥ 㕙 ‫ޔ‬
PRIMA-EF ࠬ࠹࡯ࠫ‫ޔ‬PRIMA-EF ᜰᮡࡕ࠺࡞‫␠ޔ‬ળ⊛ኻ⹤‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩ੍㒐ߣ▤ℂߩߚ߼ߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ᥸ജߣ޿ߓ߼ߩ㒐ᱛ‫ޔ‬ડᬺߩ␠ળ⊛⽿છ‫ޔ‬ല₸⊛ታᣉߩߚ߼ߩ⚵❱⊛ኻ╷߇⸥タߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠇߎޕ‬એᄖߦዊౠሶߢ޽ࠆ◲ଢߥࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬࠪ࡯࠻߇૞ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ડᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠟࠗ࠼ߢߪ‫ޔ‬PRIMA-EF ࡕ࠺࡞㧔ᔃℂ␠ળ
⊛࡝ࠬࠢߩᡷༀࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߩ᭎ᔨ࿑㧕‫ޔ‬PRIMA-EFࠬ࠹࡯ࠫ㧔ኻ╷ߩᚻ㗅㧕PRIMA-EF ᜰᮡࡕ࠺࡞㧔ᔃ
ℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢߩ⹏ଔߩߚ߼ߩᜰᮡ㧕߇ឭ᩺ߐࠇ
ߡ޿ࠆ‫ߪߢ࠼ࠗࠟߩ࡞ࡌ࡟ࡠࠢࡑޕ‬࿖߿␠ળ߇ⴕ
߁ߴ߈ኻ╷߇ᢛℂߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬PRIMA-EF ߪ‫⧷ޔ‬࿖ⷙᩰදળ߆ࠄ PAS ⷙᩰߣߒߡឭ᩺ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬዁᧪ BS ⷙᩰߦ᣹ᩰߔࠆน⢻ᕈ߽޽ࠆ‫࠲ࠗߚ߹ޕ‬࡝ࠕߥߤ᰷Ꮊฦ࿖ߢ PRIMA-EF ߦᓥߞߡ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ࠍㅴ߼ࠆേ߈߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟㧕⧷࿖ NICE ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ
0+%'2*IWKFCPEG ߩ  ߟߩឭ⸒ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᐔ╬ߢ౏ᐔߥ㘑࿯ߠߊࠅߩផㅴ߿‫ޔ‬㓹↪ᣇ㊎߿ੱ੐ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ⏕⹺‫ޔ‬ᨵエߥ௛߈ᣇߩᯏળࠍዉ౉ߔࠆߎ
ߣߥߤ‫․ߩ❱⚵ޔ‬ᕈࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚ૕♽⊛ߥࠕࡊࡠ࡯
࠴ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ഭ௛⠪ోຬߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍ
ផㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߣද⺞ߒߡ௛߈߆ߌࠆ
ߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߛߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߡߒߘޕ‬ᔃߩஜᐽផㅴ
ࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆᯏળߣ࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂ߿‫ࠫ࡯ࡀࡑࡦࠗ࡜ޔ‬㧰㧚⠨ኤ㧝㧚⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠߊ EBM ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩቢ
ᚑഭ௛⠪୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷‫▤ޔ‬ℂ⋙〈⠪ᢎ⢒‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߩ㧟ߟߩഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ኅ߅ࠃ߮⃻႐ߩታ〣ኅߩᗧ⷗ࠍ෼㓸ߒߡ‫⑼ޔ‬ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠߊ EBM ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦࠍቢᚑߒߚ‫ߎޕ‬ࠇࠄߪ㧞㧚ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ㐿⊒␿ߩ㐿⊒ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ୥⵬ዤᐲߪ‫޿ޔ‬ߕࠇ߽ౝ⊛ᢛวᕈߦࠃࠆା㗬ᕈ߇㜞ߊ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬࿃ሶಽᨆߦࠃࠅ࿃ሶ⊛ᅷᒰᕈ߇⏕⹺ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߪ‫઀ޔ‬੐‫ޔ‬⡯႐‫ࡌ࡟ߩ❱⚵ޔ‬࡞ߢ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߦ㑐ߔࠆᄙ᭽ߥ஥㕙ߩᏅ⇣߿ᓇ㗀ࠍ൮᜝⊛ߦ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ߦᵴ↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇ᦼᓙ
ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬↥ᬺ଻ஜࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ╬ߦࠃࠆᗧ⷗⺞ᩏߢߪ‫ޔ‬ఝవ㗅૏ 10 ૏߹ߢߦ޽ߍࠄࠇߚዤᐲ㧔᜝ᒐౝߪ㗅૏㧕ߪ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߩᗧ⟵㧔1㧕‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩ৻૕ᗵ㧔࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞࡮
ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞㧕㧔2㧕‫ޔ‬ᓎഀ᣿⏕ߐ࡮ᦌᤒߐ‫౏ޔ‬ᱜߥੱ੐⹏ଔ㧔3.5㧕‫ޔ‬਄มߩ౏ᱜߥᘒᐲ㧔5㧕‫ޔ‬਄มߩ࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ㧔6㧕‫ޔ‬୘ੱߩዅ㊀㧔7㧕‫ࡔࠬ࡜ࡂޔ‬ࡦ࠻(8)‫ࠆ߃ࠄ߽ߡ߼߶ޔ‬⡯႐㧔9㧕‫ޔ‬ᖱ✜⊛⽶ᜂ㧔10㧕ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ዤᐲߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߦ߅޿ߡఝవ㗅૏ߩ㜞޿ዤᐲߣߥࠆߣ
⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ో࿖⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ୥⵬ዤᐲߩ↵ᅚ೎ᐔဋ୯ࠍ▚಴ߒߚ‫ࠄࠇߎޕ‬ߩ࠺࡯࠲ߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ್ቯ
ᣇᴺࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆၮᧄߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟㧚ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩផㅴᨒ⚵ߺߩᬌ⸛
↥ᬺ଻ஜ⎇ⓥᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐‫↥ޔ‬ᬺ଻ஜኾ㐷⡯‫⚻ޔ‬༡࿅૕‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⚵วߩઍ⴫߇ෳടߒߚࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳
࡯ળ⼏ߢߪ‫⸘ߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬㧠࿁ߩળ⼏ߢஜᐽ޿߈޿
߈⡯႐ߩ᭎ᔨ߿᧦ઙ߇޽ࠆ⒟ᐲ᣿⏕ߦߥࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬ታ⃻ߩߚ߼ߩ࿖‫ޔ‬ડᬺ‫ޔ‬⡯႐‫ޔ‬୘ੱ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩࠕ
࡚ࠢࠪࡦ߇⸛⼏ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬−−㧟஥㕙߆ࠄߘߩᵴേࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣߥߤߦ․ᓽ
߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬24+/#'( ߪ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟ⧷࿖ⷙᩰߦ᣹ᩰߔࠆน
⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬᰷Ꮊߦߣߤ߹ࠄߕ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ
╷ߩ਎⇇⊛ߥᮡḰߣߒߡ⹺⍮ߐࠇࠆน⢻ᕈ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬PRIMA-EF ߩ⠨߃ᣇߪ‫߇ࠊޔ‬࿖ߩ⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᨒ⚵ߺߩᬌ⸛ߦ߅޿
ߡ߽᦭↪ߢ޽ࠆ‫ ߦ․ޕ‬PRIMA-EF ࡕ࠺࡞ߩࠃ߁ߦ
ᣣᏱߩ↢↥ᬺോߩਛߦᔃℂ␠ળ࡝ࠬࠢߩࡑࡀࠫ
ࡔࡦ࠻ࠨࠗࠢ࡞ࠍขࠅ౉ࠇࠆߎߣ‫᥸ޔ‬㔺‫࠻࠙ࠕޔ‬ࠞࡓ߅ࠃ߮ኻ╷ߩ㧟஥㕙߆ࠄᔃℂ␠ળ࡝ࠬࠢኻ
╷ࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆⷞὐߪ‫߇ࠊޔ‬࿖ߩᨒ⚵ߺߠߊࠅߢ߽
↢߆ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴ 0+%' ߩ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ0Q‫ߢ⊛↥↢ޟ‬ஜᐽߥ⡯႐ⅣႺߦ
ࠃࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ㧦㓹↪⠪ะߌࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ‫ޔߪޠ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡐࠫ࠹ࠖࡉߥᔃߩஜᐽࠍ⋡ᮡߣߒ‫ࠫࡆޔ‬ࡀࠬߩਛߦߘߩᵴേࠍขࠅㄟߺ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪‫⚻ޔ‬༡෺ᣇߦࡔ࡝࠶࠻ߩ޽ࠆࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬᵴേࠍታᣉ
ߔࠆߎߣࠍឭ᩺ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬☨࿖ᔃℂቇળߩขࠅ⚵ߺߪ‫ޔ‬ᔃℂ⊛ஜᐽ⡯႐ߠߊࠅߩౕ૕⊛ㅴ߼ᣇࠍ࠺࡯࠲ࡌ࡯ࠬߢឭଏߔࠆ
ߣหᤨߦ‫⴫ޔ‬ᓆ೙ᐲߦࠃࠅฃ⾨ߒߚ႐วߦߪડᬺ
ߩࠗࡔ࡯ࠫะ਄ߦ߽ߟߥ߇ࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ડᬺߦߣߞߡ
߽ࡔ࡝࠶࠻߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ขࠅ⚵ߺ߿ߔ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᔃℂ⊛ஜᐽ⡯႐ߩ  ࠞ᧦ߪࠊ߇࿖ߢ߽ෳ⠨ߦߥࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㧱㧚⚿⺰ᧄᐕᐲ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫ޔ‬Ԙഭ௛⠪୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ
╷‫▤ޔ‬ℂ⋙〈⠪ᢎ⢒‫߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߩ㧟ߟߩኻ╷ߦߟ޿ߡᣢሽߩ⎇ⓥᚑᨐࠍ෼㓸ߒ EBM ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦࠍቢᚑߒߚ‫ޕ‬ԙᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ୥⵬ዤᐲߩା㗬ᕈ࡮ᅷᒰᕈ‫ޔ‬ఝవ㗅૏ߦ㑐ߔࠆᗧ⷗⺞ᩏ‫ోޔ‬࿖⺞ᩏߦࠃࠆᮡḰ୯ߩ▚಴ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬Ԛ㑐ଥ⠪㧔ࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯㧕ળ⼏ࠍ㧞࿁㐿௅ߒ‫߇ࠊޔ‬࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩផㅴᨒ⚵ߺߩᣂߒ޿⋡ᮡߣߥࠆ‫ޟ‬ஜᐽ̌޿߈޿߈̍⡯႐‫ߩޠ‬ቯ⟵ߣ᧦ઙߦߟ޿ߡ⸛⼏ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ԛ࠺ࡦࡑ࡯ࠢߩኻ╷ߩߘߩᓟߩ⚻ㆊߩઁ‫ޔ‬ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ
࠻᰷Ꮊᨒ⚵ߺ 24+/#'( ‫⧷ޔ‬࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴ 0+%' ߩ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ0Q‫↥↢ޟ‬⊛ߢஜᐽߥ⡯႐ⅣႺߦࠃࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ㧦㓹↪
⠪ะߌࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ‫☨ޔޠ‬࿖ᔃℂቇળߩஜᐽ⡯႐ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߟ޿ߡᖱႎ෼㓸ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
㧝㧚⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠߊ EBM ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩ
ቢᚑ㧦ഭ௛⠪୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷‫▤ޔ‬ℂ⋙〈⠪
ᢎ⢒‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߩ㧟ߟߩഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ኅ߅ࠃ߮⃻႐ߩታ〣ኅߩᗧ⷗ࠍ෼㓸ߒߡ‫⑼ޔ‬ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠߊ EBM ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦࠍቢᚑߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧞㧚ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ㐿⊒㧦ᣂ⡯ᣂߒ޿ᨒ⚵ߺߢࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߩ⋡ᮡߣߥࠆ‫ޟ‬ஜᐽ̌޿߈޿߈̍⡯႐‫ߩޠ‬ቯ⟵ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬ୘ੱ߇޿߈޿߈ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬ԙߘࠇࠍᡰ߃
ࠆ⚵❱ℂᔨ߇޽ࠆ‫ޔ‬Ԛஜᐽ߇㧔ᦨૐ㒢㧕቞ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ߹ߣ߼ࠄࠇߚ‫ޔߦ․ޕ‬ഭ௛⠪৻ੱ߭ߣࠅ߇઀੐ߦ߿ࠅ߇޿ࠍᗵߓ “޿߈޿߈̍ߣߒ
ߡ޿ࠆ⁁ᴫߦട߃‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬ਛ㑆▤ℂ⡯߽޿߈޿߈ߒߡ޿ࠆ̌⡯႐ⅣႺ̍ࠍᢛ߃ࠆߣ޿߁
ⷞὐ߇ᄢಾߢ޽ࠆߣ⹺⼂ߐࠇߚ‫߫߃ߣߚޕ‬਄มߩ౏ᱜᕈߥߤ‫ߩ߆ߟߊ޿ޔ‬㊀ⷐߥ⾗Ḯࠍ⡯႐ߢᢛ߃
ࠆߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬୘ੱߩ̌޿߈޿߈̍㧔ࡢ࡯ࠢࠛࡦࠥ࡯ࠫࡔࡦ࠻㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬ડᬺ࡮⡯႐ߩ̌޿߈޿
߈̍㧔৻૕ᗵ㧕ߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޟ‬ஜᐽ̌޿߈޿߈̍⡯႐‫ޠ‬ਔベߢ޽ࠆ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬⡯႐ߠߊࠅࠍᬺో૕ߢߩ
⚻༡ᣇ㊎ߦ෻ᤋߐߖࠆડᬺో૕ߢߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߠ
ߊࠅ߇ᦸ߹ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬ஜᐽ̌޿߈޿߈̍⡯႐‫ߩޠ‬ታ⃻ߩߚ߼ߩࠕࠢ
࡚ࠪࡦߦߟ޿ߡߪߥ߅ᬌ⸛ਛߢ޽ࠆ‫᧪ޕ‬ᐕᐲએ㒠‫ޔ‬ஜᐽ޿߈޿߈⡯႐ߩ᧦ઙ࡝ࠬ࠻ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߚ߼
ߦ‫ࠅࠃޔ‬൮᜝⊛㗄⋡ࠍㅊടߒߡ㗄⋡ᢛℂࠍⴕ߁૞ᬺࠍታᣉߔࠆ‫ޕ‬૞ᬺߦ޽ߚߞߡߪ‫⃻ޔ‬႐߆ࠄᗧ⷗
ࠍ޿ߚߛ߈߹ߣ߼ߡ޿ߊߣ޿߁ᣇᴺ╬ࠍߣࠆ‫߹ޕ‬ߚ‫ޔ‬൮᜝⊛࡝ࠬ࠻߇಴᧪਄߇ߞߚᓟ‫ޔ‬㧝㧕ੱ੐ഭോᜂᒰ⠪߿ડᬺߩ▤ℂ⡯ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ WEB ╬ࠍ↪޿ߚ⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒ‫ޔ‬᩺ߦኻߔࠆᗧ⷗‫ޔ‬ណὐࠍߒߡ߽ࠄ޿‫⚿ߩߘޔ‬ᨐࠍ㓸⸘ߒߡ㊀ⷐᐲ㗅ߩࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ࡝ࠬ࠻ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ౣᐲߘߩ᩺ߦኻߔࠆᗧ⷗ࠍ᳞
߼ߡᦨ⚳ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ࠻࠶ࡊ 10 ߥߤߩᒻߦߔࠆ‫ޔ‬㧞㧕ኾ㐷ኅ߆ࠄࠦࡦ࠮ࡦࠨࠬࠍᓧࠆߚ߼ߩળ⼏ࠍ
2 ᣣ㑆߶ߤⴕ߁‫߽ߣߎߚߞ޿ߣޔ‬ㆡಾߥᣇᴺߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᰴᐕᐲߦߪ‫ࡦ࡚ࠪࠢࠕޔ‬᩺ߩୃᱜ‫ޔ‬൮᜝⊛ߥ㗄⋡ߩ⸳ቯ‫ޔ‬᭴ᚑ㧔ゲ㧕ߩᢛℂߦ޽ߚߞߡ
ෳ⠨ߦߔࠆߣหᤨߦ‫ੱޔ‬੐⹏ଔ‫ࡔࠫ࡯ࡀࡑ᧚ੱޔ‬ࡦ࠻╬ኾ㐷ኅߩⷰὐ߆ࠄߩᗧ⷗߽޿ߚߛ߈‫ޔ‬ᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧠㧚ᶏᄖേะ
࠺ࡦࡑ࡯ࠢߩផㅴ╷ߦߟ޿ߡߩߘߩᓟߩᖱႎ
෼㓸ߢߪ‫ޔ‬DWEA ߩᩏኤᬺോߦኻߒߡ᭎ߒߡࡐ
ࠫ࠹ࠖࡉߥ⹏ଔࠍⴕߞߡ޿ߚ‫ࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ഭ௛ⅣႺߩᩏኤߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩᤨ㑆ߣੱ᧚߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫߇ࠊޕ‬࿖ߦ߅޿ߡᩏኤ߇⃻ታ⊛ߦ⦟޿ᣇ╷߆ุ߆‫ࠢ࡯ࡑࡦ࠺ޔ‬߆ࠄߩ੹ᓟߩᖱႎࠍෳ⠨ߦ⠨ኤߒߡ޿ߊᔅⷐ߇
޽ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬ᩏኤߣวࠊߖߡᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ഭ௛ⅣႺߩ
㊀ⷐᕈߦߟ޿ߡߩ⹺⼂ࠍ㜞߼ࠆߚ߼ߩࠠࡖࡦࡍ
࡯ࡦ‫ޔ‬๟⍮ߔࠆߚ߼ߩࡄࡦࡈ࡟࠶࠻ߩ㈩Ꮣߥߤ߇
ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆὐ߽㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬᰷Ꮊో૕ߢߩഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩផㅴᨒ⚵ߺߢ޽ࠆ‫ޟ‬ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻᰷Ꮊᨒ⚵ߺ 24+/#'( ‫ޔߪޠ‬ᣣᏱߩࡆࠫࡀࠬߩਛߢߩᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࡑࡀࠫࡔ
ࡦ࠻ߩࠨࠗࠢ࡞ࠍ࿁ߔߎߣ‫ᦑޔ‬㔺‫⚿ޔ‬ᨐ‫ޔ‬ኻ╷ߩ−−ዊ↰ಾఝሶ,ਅశノ৻㧚↥ᬺࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߣ∋ഭ. JIM
20(11):840-843,2010
ႇ ᣿⚐㧚ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ߩ⃻⁁ߣ዁᧪㧙ౝᄖߩขࠅ⚵ߺࠍ〯߹߃ߡ㧚౏⋉⽷࿅ᴺੱᣣᧄ↢↥ᕈᧄㇱࡔࡦ࠲࡞࡮ࡋ࡞ࠬ⎇ⓥᚲ✬ ↥ᬺੱࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬ⊕ᦠ 2010 ᐕ 2010:105-115㧚
Tsutsumi A. Development of an evidence-based
guideline for supervisor training in promoting
mental health: literature review. J Occup Health2011:53;1-9.
ႇ ᣿⚐㧚⡯႐ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ߩ৻ᰴ੍㒐㧦ౝᄖߩേะ㧚ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ⑼ቇ㧔ශ೚ਛ㧕ፉᵤ᣿ੱ. ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ In ᶏ଻ඳਯ㧔✬㧕, ᗵᖱߣᕁ⠨ߩ⑼ቇ੐ౖ, ᦺୖᦠᐫ, 2010,
pp. 302-303.
ፉᵤ᣿ੱ. ஜᐽᔃℂቇߩකቇ߳ߩᔕ↪㧦ᔃℂ␠ળ
⊛ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߦᵈ⋡ߒߡ. කቇߩ޽ࠁߺ, 2010;
235, 181-182.
㚍ࡁᲑ᪸ਫ, ࿯ደ᡽㓶, ፉᵤ᣿ੱ. ⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ
୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ 㧙੺౉ᣇ⇛ߩᄌㆫߣᣂߚߥⷞὐ㧙. ↥ᬺකቇ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯, 2010; 33,
103-107.
ศᎹ ᔀ‫ޔ‬ዊᧁ๺ቁ㧚ࠬ࠻࡟੍ࠬ㒐ߦ߅ߌࠆ⡯႐
ⅣႺᡷༀ⦟ᅢታ〣ߣᡷༀᡰេ࠷࡯࡞ߩᓎഀ㧚↥ᬺࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ⎇ⓥ 2010;17:267-274.
ศᎹᔀ‫ޔ‬Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ‫ޔ‬ዊᧁ๺ቁ✬⪺㧚‫ࡋ࡞࠲ࡦࡔޟ‬࡞ࠬߩߚ߼ߩ⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀ㨪‫ޟ‬⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߩߚ߼ߩࡅࡦ࠻㓸‫࠻ࡦࠗࡐࠢ࠶ࠚ࠴ࠆ߼ߔߔߢޠ‬30㨪‫᧲ޠ‬੩㧦ਛᄩഭ௛ἴኂ㒐ᱛදળ‫ޔ‬2010.
ศᎹᔀ㧚⦟ᅢታ〣ߦቇ߱‫ޔ‬௛߈ࠃ޿⡯႐ߟߊࠅ㨪ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬᡰេߣߒߡߩෳടဳ⡯႐ᡷༀߣࡔࡦ࠲ ࡞ ࡋ ࡞ ࠬ ኻ ╷ 㨪 . ഭ ௛ ߩ ⑼ ቇ
2010;10:8(584)-12(588)㧚
ศᎹᔀ㧚࠷࡯࡞ࠍᵴ↪ߒߚࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷‫ޔ‬ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢ࡝ࠬ࠻ߩ
․ᓽߣᵴ↪ᣇᴺ㧚ᔃߩࠝࠕࠪࠬ 2010;Spring‫ޔ‬
p15-19㧚ᳯญ ዏ. ⡯ၞߦ߅ߌࠆ࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞࡮ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞ߣ
ஜᐽᓇ㗀. ↥ᬺකቇࠫࡖ࡯࠽࡞ 2011; 34(2):94-99.

ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ୥⵬ዤᐲߪ‫߽ࠇߕ޿ޔ‬ౝ⊛ᢛวᕈߦࠃࠆା㗬ᕈ߇㜞ߊ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬࿃ሶಽᨆߦ
ࠃࠅ࿃ሶ⊛ᅷᒰᕈ߇⏕⹺ߢ߈ߚ‫↥ޕ‬ᬺ଻ஜࠬ࠲࠶
ࡈ╬ߦࠃࠆᗧ⷗⺞ᩏߢߪ‫ޔ‬ఝవ㗅૏ 10 ૏߹ߢߦ޽ߍࠄࠇߚዤᐲߪ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߩᗧ⟵‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩ৻૕ᗵ㧔࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞࡮ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞㧕‫ޔ‬ᓎഀ᣿⏕ߐ࡮ᦌᤒߐ‫ޔ‬౏ᱜߥੱ੐⹏ଔ‫ޔ‬਄มߩ౏ᱜߥᘒᐲ‫ޔ‬਄มߩ࡝࡯
࠳࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ‫ޔ‬୘ੱߩዅ㊀‫ߡ߼߶ޔ࠻ࡦࡔࠬ࡜ࡂޔ‬߽ࠄ߃ࠆ⡯႐‫ޔ‬ᖱ✜⊛⽶ᜂߢ޽ߞߚ‫ోޕ‬࿖⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ୥⵬ዤᐲ
ߩ↵ᅚ೎ᐔဋ୯ࠍ▚಴ߒߚ‫ޔߪ࠲࡯࠺ߩߎޕ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ್ቯᣇᴺࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆ
ၮᧄߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟㧚ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩផㅴᨒ⚵ߺߩᬌ⸛㧦↥ᬺ଻ஜ⎇ⓥᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐‫↥ޔ‬ᬺ଻ஜኾ㐷⡯‫⚻ޔ‬༡࿅૕‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⚵ว╬ߩઍ⴫߇ෳ
ടߒߚࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯ળ⼏ࠍ⛮⛯ߒ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿ᨒ⚵ߺߢࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߩ⋡ᮡߣߥࠆ‫ޟ‬ஜᐽ̌޿߈
޿߈̍⡯႐‫ߩޠ‬ቯ⟵ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬ୘ੱ߇޿
߈޿߈ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬ԙߘࠇࠍᡰ߃ࠆ⚵❱ℂᔨ߇޽ࠆ‫ޔ‬Ԛஜᐽ߇㧔ᦨૐ㒢㧕቞ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣߢ޽
ࠆߣⷐ⚂ߒߚ‫ޟޕ‬ஜᐽ̌޿߈޿߈̍⡯႐‫ߩޠ‬ታ⃻ߩ᧦ઙ߿ᵴേߦߟ޿ߡߪߥ߅⛮⛯ߒߡᬌ⸛ਛߢ
޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧠㧚ᶏᄖേะ㧦ߎࠇࠄߩᶏᄖ੐଀߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬࠍታ⃻ߔࠆડᬺ࡮⡯႐ߩ᧦ઙ‫ޔ‬ߘߩ᥉෸࡮ផㅴᣇ╷ߦߟ޿ߡᖱႎ߇ᓧࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᧄᐕᐲ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᶐㅘᚻᴺߩߚ߼ߩ EBM ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ߇ቢᚑߒ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿߇㐿⊒ߐࠇߚ‫߇ࠊߚ߹ޕ‬࿖ߩ⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߩ
╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩ⋡ᮡߣߥࠆ‫ޟ‬ஜᐽ̌޿߈޿߈̍⡯႐‫ޠ‬ߩ᭎ᔨ߇᣿⏕ߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬㧲㧚ஜᐽෂᯏᖱႎ ⹥ᒰߖߕ‫ޕ‬㧳㧚⎇ⓥ⊒⴫
㧝㧚⺰ᢥ⊒⴫
Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ㧚⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߩ࿖㓙ầᵹߣᣣᧄဳᨒ⚵ߺߩ⏕┙ߦะߌߡ㧚↥ᬺ♖␹଻ஜ
2010; 18(4): 281-285.
Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ. ௛ߊੱߩ߁ߟߣ⥄Ვߩ੍㒐:ᶏᄖߩขࠅ⚵ߺߣࠊ߇࿖ߩ໧㗴⸃᳿ߩᣇะᕈ. ቇⴚߩേะ 2010; 15(10):10_28-10_31.
Hayashi T, Odagiri Y, Ohya Y, Tanaka K, Shimomitsu
T. Organizational justice, willingness to work andpsychological distress: results from a private
Japanese company. Journal of Occupational andEnvironmental Medicine. 2011; 53(2):174-181.

㧴㧚⍮⊛⽷↥ᮭߩ಴㗿࡮⊓㍳⁁ᴫ
1.․⸵ขᓧ
⹥ᒰߖߕ‫ޕ‬2.ታ↪ᣂ᩺⊓㍳
⹥ᒰߖߕ‫ޕ‬3.ߘߩઁ
⹥ᒰߖߕ‫ޕ‬−−ᐔᚑ 22 ᐕᐲෘ↢ഭ௛⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌⵬ഥ㊄㧔ഭ௛቟ోⴡ↢✚ว⎇ⓥ੐ᬺ㧕‫ޟ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᶐㅘᚻᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ‫ޠ‬㧔H21-ഭ௛-৻⥸-001㧕ਥછ㧦Ꮉ਄ᙗੱಽᜂ⎇ⓥႎ๔ᦠ
⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦࠃࠆ EBM ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ㐿⊒㧦୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ߩ᥉෸࡮ᶐㅘ
ಽᜂ⎇ⓥ⠪ ፉᵤ᣿ੱ㧔᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ಎᢎ᝼㧕⎇ⓥදജ⠪ 㜞↰ᧂ㉿㧔᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ഥᢎ㧕࿯ደ᡽㓶㧔ഭ௛቟ోⴡ↢✚ว⎇ⓥᚲ࡮⎇ⓥຬ㧕㚍ࡁᲑ᪸ਫ㧔᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮㒮↢㧧ᣣᧄቇⴚᝄ⥝ળ࡮․೎⎇ⓥຬ DC1㧕⎇ⓥⷐᣦ㧦ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ߩ߭ߣߟߢ޽ࠆ୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟
ࠬኻ╷㧔࠮࡞ࡈࠤࠕ㧕ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠߊ㧔EBM㧕ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩቢᚑࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬࿖ౝᄖߩ 60 ઙߩᢥ₂࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߦၮߠ޿ߡ૞ᚑߐࠇߚࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩ߭ߥဳߦߟ޿
ߡ㧘
㧔1㧕╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ߩ㑐ଥ⠪㧔ࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯㧕㧘㧔2㧕⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߩኾ㐷ኅ㧘㧔3㧕ಽᜂ⎇ⓥ⠪㧘߆ࠄᗧ⷗෼㓸ߒ㧘㗄⋡ౝኈߩᢛℂ࡮⛔ว߅ࠃ߮⴫⃻ߩୃᱜࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᦨ⚳⊛ߦ‫࡮↹⸘ޟ‬Ḱ஻‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬ౝኈ‫ޟޠ‬ᒻᑼ‫ޟޠ‬੐ᓟߩኻᔕ‫ ߩޠ‬4 ߟߩⷐ⚛ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘6 ߟߩ‫ޟ‬ផᅑౝኈ‫ ߣޠ‬4 ߟߩ‫ࠄ߆ޠ࠻ࡦࡅޟ‬᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ߇ቢᚑߒߚ‫ޕ‬ផᅑౝኈߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޟ‬ታᣉ࿁ᢙ‫ߩࠕࠤޟޠ‬ឭଏ⠪‫ߩࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊޟޠ‬᭴ᚑ‫⹏ࠬ࡟࠻ࠬޟޠ‬ଔߩ੐ᓟኻᔕ‫ࠣࡠࡊޟޠ‬࡜ࡓߩឭଏᒻᑼ‫⸳ߩࡦ࡚ࠪ࠶࠮ࡊ࠶ࠕ࡯ࡠࠜࡈޟޠ‬ቯ‫ߡ޿ߟߦࠇߙࠇߘߩޠ‬㧘ߘߩᩮ᜚ߣታ
ᣉߩࡐࠗࡦ࠻߇ឭ␜ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ห᭽ߦ㧘ࡅࡦ࠻ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޟ‬ኻ⽎ߩ⸳ቯ‫ޟޠ‬1 ࿁޽ߚࠅߩታᣉ
ᤨ㑆‫ߩઁߩߘޟޠ‬ኻ╷ߣߩ⚵วߖ‫ޟޠ‬ᵴ↪ଦㅴߩߚ߼ߩᎿᄦ‫ߡ޿ߟߦࠇߙࠇߘߩޠ‬㧘ⵣߠߌߣߥࠆࠦࡦ࠮ࡦࠨࠬߣታᣉߩࡐࠗࡦ࠻߇ឭ␜ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬㧭㧚ߪߓ߼ߦ ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘‫ޟ‬ഭ௛⠪୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ
╷‫▤ޟޠ‬ℂ⋙〈⠪ᢎ⢒‫ޟޠ‬⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀ‫ߩߟ  ߩޠ‬ਥⷐߥࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩ߁ߜഭ௛⠪୘ੱะߌߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷㧔࠮࡞ࡈࠤࠕ㧕ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ㧘ߘߩലᨐࠍή૞ὑൻᲧセ⹜㛎߿Ყセኻᾖ⹜㛎ߦࠃߞߡᬌ
⸛ߒߚ⎇ⓥᚑᨐ߇⫾Ⓧߐࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬ߥ߇ࠄ㧘ߘࠇࠄߩࡔ࠲ಽᨆߩ⚿ᨐࠍෳᾖߔ
ࠆߛߌߢߪ㧘୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷㧔࠮࡞ࡈࠤࠕ㧕ࠍฦ੐ᬺᚲߦ᥉෸࡮ᶐㅘߐߖࠆߎ
ߣߪ㔍ߒ޿‫ߜࠊߥߔޕ‬㧘ߤߩࠃ߁ߥᒻᑼ߿
Ꮏᄦ߇ฦ੐ᬺᚲ߳ߩ᥉෸࡮ᶐㅘࠍଦㅴߐߖ
ࠆߩ߆ߦߟ޿ߡߩᖱႎ߇ਇ⿷ߒߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠄ
ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߘߎߢ㧘ᧄಽᜂ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘ഭ௛⠪୘ੱߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻಣ⢻ജߩะ਄ࠍㅢߓߡࡔࡦ࠲࡞
ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ࠍ੍㒐ߔࠆ‫ޟ‬୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ
ኻ╷‫ࠍޠ‬቟ଔߢኈᤃߦታᣉߔࠆߚ߼ߩࡑ࠾
ࡘࠕ࡞࡮⾗ᢱࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߎߣࠍᦨ⚳⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲߢߪ㧘୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ

ኻ╷㧔࠮࡞ࡈࠤࠕ㧕ߩ᥉෸࡮ᶐㅘࠍଦㅴߔ
ࠆߚ߼ߩⷐ࿃ࠍ࿖ౝᄖߩᢥ₂࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߦၮ
ߠ޿ߡ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒ㧘 㗄⋡߆ࠄߥࠆࠟࠗ࠼
࡜ࠗࡦߩ߭ߥဳࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ㧔ፉᵤ࡮㜞↰࡮࿯ደ࡮㚍ࡁᲑ㧕‫ޕ‬ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲߪ㧘߭ߥဳߦߟ޿ߡ⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߩࠬ࠹
࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯㧘ኾ㐷ኅ㧘߅ࠃ߮ಽᜂ⎇ⓥ⠪ߥߤ߆ࠄᗧ⷗෼㓸ߒ㧘ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦࠍቢᚑ
ߐߖࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧮㧚ኻ⽎ߣᣇᴺ
1. ࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯߆ࠄߩᗧ⷗෼㓸ᐔᚑ 22 ᐕ 8 ᦬ 20 ᣣߦታᣉߐࠇߚࠟࠗ࠼
࡜ࠗࡦታോ⠪ળ⼏ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ
ߩ߭ߥဳ㧔ፉᵤઁ, 2010㧕ߦ㑐ߔࠆᗧ⷗෼
㓸ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ታോ⠪ળ⼏ߦߪ㧘ഭ௛቟ోⴡ
↢⎇ⓥᯏ㑐㧘↥ᬺ଻ஜኾ㐷⡯㧔↥ᬺක㧘଻ஜᏧ㧘⥃ᐥᔃℂ჻㧕㧘૶↪⠪㧘ഭ௛஥࿅૕㧘ᴺᓞኅߥߤ⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ߩ㑐ଥ⠪㧔ࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯㧕18 ฬ߇ෳടߒߚ‫ޕ‬಴Ꮸ⠪ߦኻߒߡߪ㧘߭ߥဳߢឭ᩺ߐࠇߚ 9 㗄⋡ߣߘߩᩮ᜚ࠍឭ␜ߒ

−−ߚ߁߃ߢ㧘߭ߥဳߢឭ᩺ߐࠇߚ㗄⋡ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘᭴ᚑ㧘ౝኈ㧘⴫⃻㧘ታᣉน⢻ᕈߥߤߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ᏷ᐢߊᗧ⷗ࠍ᳞߼ߚ‫ޕ‬
2. ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦୃᱜ᩺ߩ૞ᚑ ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦታോ⠪ળ⼏ߢ෼㓸ߐࠇߚᗧ⷗ࠍ߽ߣߦ㧘ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦୃᱜ᩺ࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ‫ޕ‬
3. ⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኾ㐷ኅ߆ࠄߩᗧ⷗෼㓸 ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦୃᱜ᩺ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼♖␹଻ஜቇಽ㊁߇ਥ௅ߔࠆ‫ޟ‬⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬࠦ࡯ࠬ‫ߩޠ‬ෳട⠪߆ࠄᗧ⷗෼㓸ߒߚ㧔ᐔᚑ 22 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 13ᣣ㧕‫ޕ‬ᗧ⷗෼㓸ߦߪ㧘⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬ
ߩታോߦ㑐ࠊࠆ↥ᬺක㧘♖␹⑼ක㧘⥃ᐥᔃ
ℂ჻㧘଻ஜᏧ㧘⋴⼔Ꮷߥߤ 8 ฬ߇ෳടߒߚ‫ޕ‬ෳട⠪ߦߪ㧘ୃᱜ᩺ߢឭ᩺ߐࠇߚ㗄⋡ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘᭴ᚑ㧘ౝኈ㧘⴫⃻ߥߤߩⷰὐ߆ࠄᗧ
⷗ࠍ᳞߼ߚ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᗧ⷗ࠍ߽ߣߦ㧘ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦᦨ⚳ 㧔᩺㧕ࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ‫ޕ‬
4. ಽᜂ⎇ⓥ⠪߆ࠄߩᗧ⷗෼㓸 ᧄ⎇ⓥ⺖㗴㧔ਥછ㧦Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ㧕ߩಽᜂ㑐ଥ⠪߅ࠃ߮⎇ⓥදജ⠪߇ෳടߒߚ╙ 2 ࿁⃰ળ⼏㧔ᐔᚑ 23 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 11 ᣣታᣉ㧕ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦᦨ⚳ 㧔᩺㧕ߦ㑐ߒߡᗧ⷗෼
㓸ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ෳട⠪ߦߪ㧘᭴ᚑ߅ࠃ߮ౝኈߦߟ
޿ߡ⏕⹺ࠍ᳞߼ࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘⴫⃻ߦ㑐ߒߡ߽ᗧ⷗ࠍ᳞߼ߚ‫ޕ‬
5. ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩቢᚑ ಽᜂ⎇ⓥ⠪߆ࠄߩᗧ⷗ࠍ߽ߣߦ㧘ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦᦨ⚳ ࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧯㧚⚿ᨐ
1. ࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯߆ࠄߩᗧ⷗෼㓸 ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦታോ⠪ળ⼏ߦߡ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ߩࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯߆ࠄᗧ⷗ࠍ᳞߼ߚ
ߣߎࠈ㧘એਅߩᗧ⷗߇෼㓸ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬1) ↥ᬺ଻ஜ⡯㧘ੱ੐ഭോᜂᒰ⠪ࠍਥߥኻ⽎ߣߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ᣿⏕ߦߔࠆߣ⦟޿‫ޕ‬2) ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩ㗄⋡ࠍ㧘ౝኈߏߣߦ߹
ߣ߼ࠆߣಽ߆ࠅ߿ߔ޿‫ޕ‬3) ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩᒻᑼߪ㧘▤ℂ⋙〈⠪ᢎ⢒㧘⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀ㧘୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ߩ 3 ⒳㘃ߩࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗ
ࡦߢ⛔৻ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣಽ߆ࠅ߿ߔ޿‫ޕ‬

4)㗄⋡ߩ⴫⃻ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ኾ㐷↪⺆ࠍㆱߌ㧘↥ᬺ଻ஜ⡯߿ੱ੐ഭോᜂᒰ⠪ߢ߽ℂ⸃
น⢻ߥ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ߹ߢᐔᤃߦߔࠆߎߣ߇
ᦸ߹ߒ޿‫ޕ‬2. ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦୃᱜ᩺ߩ૞ᚑ ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦታോ⠪ળ⼏ߢ෼㓸ߐࠇߚᗧ⷗ࠍ߽ߣߦ㧘ᰴߩᚻ㗅ߦᴪߞߡࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗ
ࡦୃᱜ᩺ࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ‫ޕ‬1) ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩ߭ߥဳ㧔ፉᵤઁ, 2010㧕
ߩ 9 㗄⋡ߩౝኈࠍᗧ๧ߩ㊀ⶄ㧘ታᣉน⢻ᕈߥߤߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ⷗⋥ߒ㧘㗄⋡ߩ⛔
ว㧘ಽഀ㧘ㅊട㧘೥㒰ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬⚿ᨐ㧘8 㗄⋡ࠍୃᱜ᩺ߣߒߡឭ᩺ߒߚ‫ޕ‬2) 㗄⋡ߪߔߴߡേ⹖ߢ⴫⃻ߒߚ‫ޕ‬3) ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩ㗄⋡ࠍ‫࡮↹⸘ޟ‬Ḱ஻‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬ౝኈ‫ޟޠ‬ᒻᑼ‫ޟޠ‬੐ᓟߩኻᔕ‫ ߩޠ‬4 ߟߩౝኈߏߣߦ߹ߣ߼ߚ‫ޕ‬4) ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩ㗄⋡ࠍ㧘ࠛࡆ࠺ࡦࠬߩ
᳓Ḱߦวࠊߖߡ㧘‫ޟ‬ផᅑౝኈ‫ޠ‬
㧔5 㗄⋡㧕
ߣ‫ޟ‬TIPS‫ޠ‬㧔3 㗄⋡㧕ߣߦಽ㘃ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ‫ޟ‬ផᅑౝኈ‫ࠬ࡟࠻ࠬߪޠ‬෻ᔕߩૐᷫ
ߦ߅޿ߡ᦭ലᕈ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ㗄⋡ߢ޽ࠅ㧘㧔1㧕ή૞ὑൻኻᾖ⹜㛎߅ࠃ߮Ყセኻᾖ⹜㛎ߩࡔ࠲ಽᨆߦࠃߞߡ᦭ലᕈ߇
⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ㗄⋡㧘ߥ޿ߒ㧔2㧕ή૞ὑൻኻᾖ⹜㛎ߥ޿ߒᲧセኻᾖ⹜㛎ߦ߅޿ߡ⎇ⓥ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߦ⚵ߺㄟ߹ࠇ㧘᦭ലᕈ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ㗄⋡ߩߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔2㧕ߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ޣ‬ផᅑ 6㧦ࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊ࠮࠶
࡚ࠪࡦߩ⸳ቯ‫ޤ‬㧔ઃ㍳ 1 ߩࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ
ࠍෳᾖ㧕ࠍ଀ߦߣࠆߣ㧘ࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶
ࡊ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߩ᦭ήߦ㑐ߔࠆ 2 ⟲ࠍ⸳ቯߒ㧘2 ⟲㑆ߢࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕߩૐᷫല
ᨐߦ᦭ᗧᏅ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚߎߣࠍ⸒߁‫ޕ‬ ઁᣇ㧘‫ޟ‬TIPS‫᦭ߪޠ‬ലᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆࠦࡦ࠮ࡦࠨࠬ߇ᓧࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㗄⋡ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ή૞ὑൻኻᾖ⹜㛎ߥ޿ߒᲧセኻᾖ⹜㛎ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘㧔1㧕ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕߩૐᷫߪ
⹺߼ࠄࠇߡߪ޿ࠆ߇㧘ߘߩ㗄⋡߇⎇ⓥ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߦ⚵ߺㄟ߹ࠇߡ޿ߥ޿߽ߩ㧘
㧔2㧕ਅ૏ಽᨆߦࠃߞߡߩߺࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻
ᔕߩૐᷫലᨐߦᏅ⇣߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ߽ߩ
㧔ߚߣ߃߫㧘઀੐ߩⵙ㊂ᮭߩ㜞޿⟲ߢߩߺࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕߩૐᷫലᨐ߇⹺߼ࠄ
ࠇߚ႐ว㧕㧘ߥߤߩ㗄⋡ࠍ⸒߁‫ޕ‬5) ផᅑౝኈߢឭ␜ߒߚ㗄⋡ߦ㑐ߒߡߪߘߩⵣߠߌߣߥࠆ‫ޟ‬ᩮ᜚‫ࠍޠ‬㧘ࡅࡦ࠻ߢឭ␜ߒߚ㗄⋡ߦ㑐ߒߡߪߘߩⵣߠߌߣ

−−

6)

ߥࠆ‫ࠍޠࠬࠨࡦ࠮ࡦࠦޟ‬㧘ߘࠇߙࠇኻ
ᔕߔࠆᢥ₂ࠍᒁ↪ߒߥ߇ࠄឭ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ផᅑౝኈߣࡅࡦ࠻ߢឭ␜ߐࠇߚ㗄⋡ࠍ੐ᬺ႐ߢ౞Ṗߦታᣉߔࠆߚ߼ߩᎿᄦࠍ
‫ޟ‬૗ࠍߔߴ߈߆‫ߡߒߣޠ‬ឭ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬

3. ⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኾ㐷ኅ߆ࠄߩᗧ⷗෼㓸 ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦୃᱜ᩺ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘‫ޟ‬⡯႐ߩࡔ
ࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬࠦ࡯ࠬ‫ߩޠ‬ෳട⠪߆ࠄᗧ⷗෼
㓸ߒߚ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬ᨐ㧘㗄⋡ߩಽഀߣㅊട߇ⴕ
ࠊࠇ㧘ផᅑౝኈ߇ 6 㗄⋡㧘TIPS ߇ 4 㗄⋡‫ޟ‬૗ࠍߔߴ߈߆‫ߦޠ‬ߦᄌᦝߐࠇߚ‫ઁߩߘޕ‬㧘㑐ߒߡ߽㧘੐ᬺ႐ߢታᣉߔࠆ㓙ߩࡅࡦ࠻ߦ
ߟ޿ߡᗧ⷗߇ᓧࠄࠇߚ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᗧ⷗ࠍ߽ߣߦ㧘ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦᦨ⚳ 㧔᩺㧕ࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ‫ޕ‬
4. ಽᜂ⎇ⓥ⠪߆ࠄߩᗧ⷗෼㓸 ╙ 2 ࿁⃰ળ⼏ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ઁߩಽᜂ⎇ⓥ⠪࡮⎇ⓥදജ⠪߆ࠄࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦᦨ⚳㧔᩺㧕ߩ᭴ᚑ߅ࠃ߮ౝኈߦߟ޿ߡ⏕⹺ࠍ᳞߼ࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘⴫⃻ߦ㑐ߒߡ߽ᗧ⷗ࠍ᳞߼
ߚ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬ᨐ㧘ߘߩઁߩࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ㧔▤ℂ⋙〈⠪ᢎ⢒㧘⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀ㧕ߣᒻᑼࠍ⛔৻ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘‫ޟ‬TIPS‫ࡅޟߪޠ‬ࡦ࠻‫ߦޠ‬㧘‫ޟ‬૗ࠍߔߴ߈߆‫ޟߪޠ‬ታᣉߩࡐࠗ
ࡦ࠻‫ߦޠ‬㧘ߘࠇߙࠇ⴫⃻ࠍᄌᦝߔࠆߎߣ߇
⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ‫ߩઁߩߘޕ‬ὐߦ㑐ߒߡߪ㧘․ߦ
ᗧ⷗ߪߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬
5. ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩቢᚑ ಽᜂ⎇ⓥ⠪߆ࠄߩᗧ⷗ࠍ߽ߣߦ㧘ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦᦨ⚳ ࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ㧔ઃ㍳ 1㧕‫ޕ‬ᦨ⚳ ߪ㧘‫࡮↹⸘ޟ‬Ḱ஻‫ޟޠ‬ౝኈ‫ޟޠ‬ᒻᑼ‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬੐ᓟߩኻᔕ‫ ߩޠ‬4 ߟߩⷐ⚛ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘6ߟߩ‫ޟ‬ផᅑౝኈ‫ ߣޠ‬4 ߟߩ‫ࠄ߆ޠ࠻ࡦࡅޟ‬᭴ᚑߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ฦⷐ⚛ߢߪ㧘ࠛࡆ࠺ࡦࠬߩᒝ
ߐߦᔕߓߡ㧔1㧕ផᅑౝኈߥ޿ߒࡅࡦ࠻㧘㧔2㧕ᩮ᜚ߥ޿ߒࠦࡦ࠮ࡦࠨࠬ㧘㧔3㧕ታᣉߩࡐࠗ
ࡦ࠻㧘ߩ 3 ߟߩౝኈ߇ឭ␜ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
㧔1㧕ផᅑౝኈߢߪ‫ޟ‬ታᣉ࿁ᢙ‫ߩࠕࠤޟޠ‬ឭଏ⠪‫ߩࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊޟޠ‬᭴ᚑ‫⹏ࠬ࡟࠻ࠬޟޠ‬ଔߩ੐ᓟኻᔕ‫ޠ‬‫ߩࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊޟ‬ឭଏᒻᑼ‫ޠ‬‫ࡈޟ‬ࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߩ⸳ቯ‫ ߩޠ‬6 㗄⋡߇ឭ␜ߐࠇߚ‫ޟߪߢ࠻ࡦࡅޕ‬ኻ⽎ߩ⸳ቯ‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬1 ࿁޽ߚࠅߩታᣉᤨ㑆‫ޠ‬‫ߩઁߩߘޟ‬ኻ╷ߣߩ⚵วߖ‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬ᵴ↪ଦㅴߩߚ߼ߩᎿᄦ‫ ߩޠ‬4 㗄⋡߇ឭ␜ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬

㧔2㧕ᩮ᜚ߣࠦࡦ࠮ࡦࠨࠬߢߪ㧘ផᅑౝኈ߅ࠃ߮ࡅࡦ࠻ߩⵣߠߌߣߥࠆᢥ₂ࠍ㧘[ ]ౝߦᢥ₂⇟ภߢ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ઃ㍳ 2 ߦߪ㧘ផᅑౝኈ߅ࠃ߮ࡅࡦ࠻ߩฦ㗄⋡ߣ㧘ߘߩⵣߠߌ
ߣߥࠆᢥ₂ߣߩኻᔕ㑐ଥࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
㧔3㧕ታᣉߩࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߢߪ㧘ផᅑౝኈ߅ࠃ
߮ࡅࡦ࠻ߢឭ␜ߐࠇߚ㗄⋡ࠍ੐ᬺ႐ߢ౞Ṗߦታᣉߔࠆߚ߼ߩᎿᄦࠍ⸥タߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧰㧚⠨ኤ
1. ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ૞ᚑߩᚻ㗅 ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ߩ᥉෸࡮ᶐㅘࠍଦㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߩⷐ࿃ࠍ㧘࿖ౝᄖ
ߩᢥ₂࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߦၮߠ޿ߡ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒ㧘⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠߊ㧔'$/㧕ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦࠍቢ
ᚑߐߖࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲߦ૞ᚑߐࠇߚࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩ߭ߥဳ㧔ፉᵤઁ㧕ߦ㑐ߒߡ㧘㧔1㧕╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ߩ㑐ଥ⠪㧔ࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯㧕㧘㧔2㧕⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ
࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߩኾ㐷ኅ㧘㧔3㧕⎇ⓥಽᜂ⠪㧘߆ࠄᗧ⷗෼㓸ߒ㧘㗄⋡ౝኈߩᢛℂ࡮⛔ว߅ࠃ߮⴫⃻ߩୃᱜࠍⴕ޿㧘ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦᦨ⚳ࠍቢᚑߐߖߚ‫ޕ‬ᦨ⚳ ߩ૞ᚑߦ㓙ߒߡߪ㧘⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦ߽ߣߠ߈ߥ߇ࠄ߽㧘୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ߦ㑐ਈߔࠆࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯߿ታോኅ߆ࠄ
ߩᗧ⷗߽㊀ⷞߒߚ‫ߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬ᚻ⛯߈ߦࠃࠅ㧘ታലᕈߩ㜞޿ኻ╷߇ߎࠇ߹ߢએ਄ߦ᥉෸࡮
ᶐㅘߔࠆߎߣߦߟߥ߇ࠆߎߣ߇ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
2. ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩ᭴ᚑ ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦᦨ⚳ ߪ㧘୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟
ࠬኻ╷㧔࠮࡞ࡈࠤࠕ㧕ࠍ੐ᬺ႐ߢડ↹࡮ታᣉߔࠆᵹࠇߦᴪߞߡ㧘‫࡮↹⸘ޟ‬Ḱ஻‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬ౝኈ‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬ᒻᑼ‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬੐ᓟߩኻᔕ‫ࠄ߆⚛ⷐߩߟ  ߩޠ‬᭴ᚑߒߚ‫ߩࡦࠗ࡜࠼ࠗࠟޕ‬㗄⋡ࠍ㧘ኻ╷ࠍડ↹࡮ታᣉߔࠆᵹࠇߦᴪߞߡ㈩⟎ߒߚߎߣߢ㧘ኻ╷ߩડ↹ᜂᒰ⠪߇㧘޿ߟ㧘૗ࠍߔࠇ߫ࠃ
޿ߩ߆ࠍಽ߆ࠅ߿ߔߊ␜ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚߣ
⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߘࠇߙࠇߩⷐ⚛ߢߪ㧘6 ߟߩ‫ޟ‬ផᅑౝኈ‫ޠ‬
ߣ 4 ߟߩ‫ߩࠬࡦ࠺ࡆࠛ߇ޠ࠻ࡦࡅޟ‬ᒝߐߦᔕߓߡឭ␜ߐࠇߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ផᅑౝኈߦኻߒ
ߡߪߘߩⵣߠߌߣߥࠆᩮ᜚߇㧘ࡅࡦ࠻ߦኻ
ߒߡߪߘߩⵣߠߌߣߥࠆࠦࡦ࠮ࡦࠨࠬ߇ឭ
␜ߐࠇߚ‫ᦨޕ‬ᓟߦ㧘ផᅑౝኈ߅ࠃ߮ࡅࡦ࠻
ߢឭ␜ߐࠇߚ㗄⋡ࠍ੐ᬺ႐ߢ౞Ṗߦታᣉߔࠆߚ߼ߩᎿᄦ߇㧘‫ޟ‬ታᣉߩࡐࠗࡦ࠻‫ߡߒߣޠ‬ឭ␜ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬−  −

ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߢߪ㧘ផᅑߔࠆౝኈߩߺࠍឭ␜ߔࠆߛߌߢߥߊ㧘ߘߩⵣߠߌ߿ታᣉߩࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍหᤨߦឭଏߒߡ߅
ࠅ㧘⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦ߽ߣߠ߈ߥ߇ࠄ߽㧘੐ᬺ႐ߩታലᕈߦ߽㈩ᘦߒߚ᭴ᚑߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩౝኈ
ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦࠍ᭴ᚑߔࠆ  ߟߩⷐ⚛㧔⸘↹࡮Ḱ஻㧘ౝኈ㧘ᒻᑼ㧘੐ᓟߩኻᔕ㧕ߢߪ㧘ഭ௛⠪ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕߩૐᷫߦ᦭ലᕈ߇⹺
߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ  㗄⋡߇‫ޟ‬ផᅑౝኈ‫ߡߒߣޠ‬㧘᦭ലᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆࠦࡦ࠮ࡦࠨࠬ߇ᓧࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ  㗄⋡߇‫ߡߒߣޠ࠻ࡦࡅޟ‬ឭ␜ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߩ᳓Ḱߦᔕߓߡផ
ᅑߔࠆ᳓Ḱࠍ඙೎ߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘ኻ╷ߩડ↹ᜂᒰ⠪߇㧘੐ᬺ႐ߩ⁁ᴫߦᔕߓߡ㧘ኻ╷ౝኈߩఝవᐲࠍ⸳ቯߒ߿ߔߊߥࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ផᅑౝኈߣߒߡᦨ߽㊀ⷐߥὐߪ㧘ታᣉ࿁ᢙߣࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ᭴ᚑߢ޽ࠈ߁‫࡜࠼ࠗࠟޕ‬ࠗࡦߢߪ㧘ᔃℂ⊛ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕߩૐᷫࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ႐ว㧘⹺⍮࡮ⴕേ⊛ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߥ
޿ߒ࡝࡜ࠢ࠮࡯࡚ࠪࡦߣ⚵ߺวࠊߖߚᦨૐ ࿁ߩᢎ⢒࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦࠍ㧘 ࿁ߩࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ
࠶ࡊ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߣߣ߽ߦ⸘↹ߔࠆߎߣ߇ផ
ᅑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘୘ੱะߌࠬ
࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ߢߪ㧘ߘߩኻ⽎ੱᢙ߇ᄙ޿ߎߣ
߆ࠄ㧘ว⸘  ࿁ߩ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߦ઻߁ࠦࠬ࠻
㧔ࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ㧘ᤨ㑆㧘႐ᚲߥߤ㧕߽Ⴧᄢߔࠆ‫ޕ‬੹ᓟ㧘ࠦࠬ࠻ࠍᛥ೙ߒߥ߇ࠄ߽㧘ᔃℂ⊛ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕߩૐᷫߦലᨐ⊛ߥኻ╷ࠍ᥉෸࡮ᶐㅘߐߖࠆߚ߼ߩᎿᄦ߇ᔅⷐߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㧱㧚⚿⺰ ੐ᬺ႐ߢലᨐ⊛ߥ୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷㧔1㧕⹺⍮࡮
㧔࠮࡞ࡈࠤࠕ㧕ࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼ߦߪ㧘ⴕേ⊛ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߥ޿ߒ࡝࡜ࠢ࠮࡯࡚ࠪࡦ
ߣ⚵ߺวࠊߖߚᦨૐ  ࿁ߩᢎ⢒࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦ
ࠍ㧘 ࿁ߩࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߣߣ
߽ߦታᣉߔࠆߎߣ㧘㧔㧕ࠤࠕߩឭଏߪ⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߩኾ㐷ኅ㧘߽ߒߊߪ੐ᬺ
႐ౝ↥ᬺ଻ஜࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ߇ⴕ߁ߎߣ㧘㧔㧕੐ᬺ႐߿ෳട⠪ߩ․ᓽ࡮⁁ᴫߦᔕߓߡ㧘ឭଏᒻᑼ㧔㓸วᢎ⢒㧘୘೎ᢎ⢒㧕ࠍㆬᛯߔࠆߎ
ߣ㧘㧔㧕ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ⁁ᴫࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆ႐วߦߪ㧘⹏ଔ⚿ᨐࠍ㄰ළߔࠆߛߌߢߥߊ㧘ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬシᷫߩߚ߼ߩౕ૕⊛ߥᣇᴺ㧔ᢎ⢒߿⎇ୃ㧕ࠍ૬ߖߡឭଏߔࠆߎߣ㧘߇ផᅑߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㧲㧚ஜᐽෂ㒾ᖱႎ ⹥ᒰߖߕ‫ޕ‬㧳㧚⎇ⓥ⊒⴫
㧝㧚⺰ᢥ⊒⴫ፉᵤ᣿ੱ (2010). ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻
In ᶏ଻ඳਯ㧔✬㧕, ᗵᖱߣᕁ⠨ߩ⑼ቇ
੐ౖ, ᦺୖᦠᐫ, 302-303.
ፉᵤ᣿ੱ (2010). ஜᐽᔃℂቇߩකቇ߳ߩᔕ
↪㧦ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߦᵈ⋡ߒߡ.
කቇߩ޽ࠁߺ, 235, 181-182.
㚍ࡁᲑ᪸ਫ࡮࿯ደ᡽㓶࡮ፉᵤ᣿ੱ (2010). ⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ 㧙੺౉ᣇ⇛ߩᄌㆫߣᣂߚߥⷞὐ㧙. ↥ᬺකቇ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯, 33, 103-107.
㧞㧚ቇળ⊒⴫ፉᵤ᣿ੱ (2011). ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓ‫ޟ‬ᄙ᭽ൻߔࠆࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞⠪߳ߩኻᔕ㧙੹૗߇น⢻ߢ૗ࠍߔߴ߈߆㧙‫ޠ‬㧘ᔃℂቇ⠪ߩ┙႐߆ࠄ㧘╙ 18 ࿁ᣣᧄ↥ᬺࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ
ቇળ.
㚍ࡁᲑ᪸ਫ࡮ධ᣽⑲࡮Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ࡮ፉᵤ᣿ੱ(2010). ഭ௛⠪ߩ࠙ࠚ࡞ࡆ࡯ࠗࡦࠣ߅
ࠃ߮઀੐ߩࡄࡈࠜ࡯ࡑࡦࠬะ਄ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ e ࡜࡯࠾ࡦࠣࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩലᨐ
ߩᬌ⸛㧦ࠢ࡜ࠬ࠲࡯ή૞ὑൻᲧセ⹜㛎,↥ᬺⴡ↢ቇ㔀⹹⥃ᤨჇೀภ, 52, 578.
Umanodan, R., Minami, M., Kawakami,N., & Shimanzu, A. (2010). Can
web-based positive mental healthprogramimprove
employeewell-being and job performance? - Acluster-randomized controlled trial-.
4th ICOH International Conferenceon Psychosocial Factors at Work .
Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
㧴㧚⍮⊛⽷↥ᮭߩ಴㗿࡮⊓㍳⁁ᴫ ⹥ᒰߖߕ‫ޕ‬㧵㧚ᒁ↪ᢥ₂ፉᵤ᣿ੱ࡮㜞↰ᧂ㉿࡮࿯ደ᡽㓶࡮㚍ࡁᲑ᪸ਫ (2010). ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦࠃࠆ EBM ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ㐿⊒㧦୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ
╷ߩ᥉෸࡮ᶐㅘ. In: Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ㧔ਥછ㧕
ᐔᚑ 21 ᐕᐲ᭴ᚑഭ௛⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌⵬ഥ㊄㧔ഭ௛቟ోⴡ↢✚ว⎇ⓥ੐ᬺ㧕‫ޟ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᶐㅘᚻᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ㧔H21ഭ௛-৻⥸-001㧕, Pp. 10-31.

−  −

ઃ㍳ 1 ഭ௛⠪୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷㧔࠮࡞ࡈࠤࠕ㧕ߩࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ

ഭ௛⠪୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷㧔࠮࡞ࡈࠤࠕ㧕ߩࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ

ߎߩࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߪ㧘⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ߣߒߡ㊀ⷐߥ୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷㧔࠮࡞ࡈࠤࠕ㧕ࠍડ↹࡮ታᣉߔࠆ㓙ߦផᅑߐࠇࠆ੐㗄ࠍ㧘ᦨᣂߩ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠ޿ߡឭ␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߪ㧘୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷㧔࠮࡞ࡈࠤࠕ㧕ߩડ↹࡮ታᣉߦ⋥ធ⊛࡮㑆ធ⊛ߦ㑐ࠊࠆน⢻ᕈߩ޽ࠆ↥ᬺක㧘଻ஜᏧ㧘⋴⼔Ꮷ㧘ᔃߩஜᐽߠߊࠅኾ㐷ࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ㧔⥃ᐥᔃℂ჻㧘↥ᬺࠞ࠙ࡦ࠮࡜࡯╬㧕㧘ⴡ↢▤ℂ⠪㧘ੱ੐ഭോᜂᒰ⠪㧘߅ࠃ߮੐ᬺ႐ౝᢎ⢒⎇ୃᜂᒰ⠪࡮ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬផㅴᜂᒰ⠪╬ߦߏᵴ↪޿ߚߛߌ߹ߔ‫߶ߩߘޕ‬߆㧘⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ߦ߆߆ࠊࠆฦኾ㐷ᣉ⸳㧔࿾ၞ↥ᬺ଻ஜ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯࡮↥ᬺ଻ஜផㅴ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧕߿ EAP
㧔Employee Assistance Program㧦ᓥᬺຬᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧕ߩᜂᒰ⠪㧘THP㧔Total Health Promotion㧦࠻࡯࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬࡊࡠࡕ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ㧕ߩᔃℂ⋧⺣ᜂᒰ⠪╬߽ᵴ↪น⢻ߢߔ‫ޕ‬

ᐔᚑ 22 ᐕᐲෘ↢ഭ௛⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌ഭ௛቟ో✚ว⎇ⓥ੐ᬺ‫ޟ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᶐㅘᚻᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ‫⎇ޠ‬ⓥ⃰−  −

୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷㧔࠮࡞ࡈࠤࠕ㧕ߩ㊀ⷐᕈߣᧄࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩᗧ⟵ࠊ߇࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߪჇടߩ௑ะߦ޽ࠅ㧘ߘߩᧂὼ㒐ᱛ㧔╙৻ᰴ੍㒐㧕ߪ੐ᬺ႐ߦ߅
ߌࠆஜᐽ▤ℂߩఝవ㗅૏ߩ㜞޿⺖㗴ߣߥߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘‫ޟ‬ഭ௛⠪୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷‫ޠ‬‫▤ޟ‬ℂ⋙〈⠪ᢎ⢒‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀ‫ ߩޠ‬3 ߟߩਥⷐߥࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ߜ߁ߩߎޕ‬㧘୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ߪ㧘ഭ௛⠪ߩ࠮࡞ࡈࠤࠕ⢻ജߩะ਄ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘⥄Ꮖߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߦᣧᦼߦ᳇ߠ߈㧘ㆡಾߦኻಣߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆߎߣࠍᡰេߒ
߹ߔ‫ޕ‬୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷㧔࠮࡞ࡈࠤࠕ㧕ߩലᨐߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᢙᄙߊߩ⎇ⓥᚑᨐ߇࿖ౝᄖߢ⫾Ⓧߐࠇ㧘ߤߩࠃ߁ߥ
ኻ╷ࠍⴕ߃߫㧘࠮࡞ࡈࠤࠕ⢻ജߩะ਄߿ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕߩૐਅߦߟߥ߇ࠆ߆ߦߟ޿ߡߩ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚߇ᢛℂߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ߈߹ߒߚ‫ࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘ߎࠇࠄߩ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ࠍෳᾖߔࠆߛߌߢߪ㧘ኻ╷ࠍታ㓙ߦ੐ᬺ႐ߢታᣉߔࠆ
ߎߣ߇㔍ߒ޿⁁ᴫߦ޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ࠄߥߗߥޕ‬㧘ߤߩࠃ߁ߥᎿᄦ߇੐ᬺ႐ߢߩታലᕈߩะ਄ߦᓎ┙ߟ߆ߦߟ޿ߡߩᖱ
ႎ߇ਇ⿷ߒߡ޿ߚ߆ࠄߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᧄࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߪ㧘୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷㧔࠮࡞ࡈࠤࠕ㧕ߩലᨐߦߟ޿ߡή૞ὑൻኻᾖ⹜㛎ߥ޿ߒᲧセኻᾖ⹜㛎ߦࠃߞߡ⹏ଔߒߚ⎇ⓥ㧘߅ࠃ߮ߘࠇࠄߩ⎇ⓥࠍࡔ࠲ಽᨆߒߚ⎇ⓥࠍ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߒߡ૞ᚑߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢߔ‫࠼ࠗࠟޕ‬࡜ࠗࡦߦߪ㧘ഭ௛⠪ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕߩૐᷫߦ᦭ലߣ್ᢿߐࠇߚኻ╷ࠍ㧘੐ᬺ႐ߢߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⸘↹࡮Ḱ஻ߒ㧘ߤߩࠃ߁ߦታᣉߔࠇ߫ࠃ޿߆ߦߟ޿ߡߩࡐࠗࡦ࠻߇ឭ␜ߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߡߞࠃߦࡦࠗ࡜࠼ࠗࠟᧄޕ‬㧘ታലᕈߩ㜞޿୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷߇㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢએ਄ߦ᥉෸࡮ᶐㅘߔࠆߎߣࠍ㗿ߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩ᭴ᚑ࡮ ᧄࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߪ㧘୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷㧔࠮࡞ࡈࠤࠕ㧕ࠍ੐ᬺ႐ߢડ↹࡮ታᣉߔࠆᵹࠇߦᴪߞߡ㧘‫࡮↹⸘ޟ‬
Ḱ஻‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬ౝኈ‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬ᒻᑼ‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬੐ᓟߩኻᔕ‫ ߩޠ‬4 ߟߩⷐ⚛߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ ߘࠇߙࠇߩⷐ⚛ߢߪ㧘ഭ௛⠪ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕߩૐᷫߦ᦭ലᕈ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆኻ╷㗄⋡ᵈ 1 ߇‫ޟ‬ផᅑౝኈ‫ޠ‬ߣߒߡ㧘᦭ലᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆࠦࡦ࠮ࡦࠨࠬ߇ᓧࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆኻ╷㗄⋡ᵈ 2 ߇‫ޠ࠻ࡦࡅޟ‬ᵈ 3 ߣߒߡ㧘⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߩ᳓Ḱߦᔕߓߡឭ␜ߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ ߘࠇߙࠇߩⷐ⚛ߢߪ㧘ផᅑౝኈߢឭ␜ߒߚ㗄⋡ߩⵣߠߌߣߥࠆ‫ޟ‬ᩮ᜚‫ߣޠ‬㧘ࡅࡦ࠻ߢឭ␜ߒߚ㗄⋡ߩⵣߠߌߣߥࠆ‫߇ޠࠬࠨࡦ࠮ࡦࠦޟ‬ឭ␜ߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫] [ޕ‬ౝߩ⇟ภߪኻᔕߔࠆᒁ↪ᢥ₂ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ ߘࠇߙࠇߩⷐ⚛ߢߪ㧘ផᅑౝኈ߿ࡅࡦ࠻ߢឭ␜ߐࠇߚ㗄⋡ࠍ੐ᬺ႐ߢ౞Ṗߦታᣉߔࠆߚ߼ߩᎿᄦ߇‫ޟ‬ታᣉߩࡐࠗࡦ࠻‫ߡߒߣޠ‬ឭ␜ߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᵈ 1㧦᦭ലᕈ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆኻ╷㗄⋡ߣߪ㧘
㧔1㧕ή૞ὑൻኻᾖ⹜㛎߅ࠃ߮Ყセኻᾖ⹜㛎ߩࡔ࠲ಽᨆߦࠃߞߡ᦭ലᕈ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ㗄⋡㧘
㧔2㧕ή૞ὑൻኻᾖ⹜㛎ߥ޿ߒᲧセኻᾖ⹜㛎ߦ߅޿ߡ⎇ⓥ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߦ⚵ߺㄟ߹ࠇ㧘᦭ലᕈ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ㗄⋡ߩߎߣࠍ⸒޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
㧔2㧕ߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ޣ‬ផᅑ 6㧦ࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߩ⸳ቯ‫ߣࠆߣߦ଀ࠍޤ‬㧘ࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߩ᦭ήߦ㑐ߔࠆ 2 ⟲ࠍ⸳ቯߒ㧘2 ⟲㑆ߢࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕ
ߩૐᷫലᨐߦ᦭ᗧᏅ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚߎߣࠍ⸒޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᵈ 2㧦᦭ലᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆࠦࡦ࠮ࡦࠨࠬ߇ᓧࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆኻ╷㗄⋡ߣߪ㧘ή૞ὑൻኻᾖ⹜㛎ߥ޿ߒᲧセኻᾖ⹜㛎ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘
㧔1㧕ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕߩૐᷫߪ
⹺߼ࠄࠇߡߪ޿ࠆ߇㧘ߘߩ㗄⋡߇⎇ⓥ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߦ⚵ߺㄟ߹ࠇߡ޿ߥ޿߽ߩ㧘
㧔2㧕ਅ૏ಽᨆߦࠃߞߡߩߺࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕߩૐᷫലᨐߦᏅ⇣߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ߽ߩ㧔ߚߣ߃߫㧘઀੐ߩⵙ㊂ᮭߩ㜞޿⟲ߢߩߺࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕߩૐᷫലᨐ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ႐ว㧕㧘ߥߤߩ㗄⋡ࠍ⸒޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᵈ 3㧦‫ޟ‬ౝኈ‫ߦޠ‬㑐ߔࠆⷐ⚛ߢߪ㧘‫ߩޠ࠻ࡦࡅޟ‬ឭ␜ߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬−  −

㧔1㧕⸘↹࡮Ḱ஻
ផᅑౝኈ

㗄
⋡

‫ޣ‬ផᅑ 1㧦ታᣉ࿁ᢙ‫ޤ‬
ᔃℂ⊛ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕߩૐᷫࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ႐ว㧘ᦨૐ 2 ࿁ߩᢎ⢒࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߣ㧝࿁ߩࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦᵈ 4 ࠍ⸳ߌࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ޣ‬ផᅑ 2㧦ࠤࠕߩឭଏ⠪‫ޤ‬⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߩኾ㐷ኅ㧘߽ߒߊߪ੐ᬺ႐ౝ↥ᬺ଻ஜࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ߇ታᣉߔࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ޣ‬ផᅑ 1㧦ታᣉ࿁ᢙ‫ޤ‬࡮ታᣉ࿁ᢙ߇ 2 ࿁એ਄ߢ㧘߆ߟਥⷐߥࠕ࠙࠻ࠞࡓߢ޽ࠆᔃℂ⊛ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕߩૐᷫߦലᨐ߇⹺߼ࠄ
ࠇߚ⎇ⓥߣߒߡ㧘30 ઙ߇᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ[3-32]‫ޕ‬ᩮ᜚‫ޣ‬ផᅑ 2㧦ࠤࠕߩឭଏ⠪‫ޤ‬੐ᬺ႐ᄖㇱߩ⥃ᐥᔃℂ჻ߣ࠮࡞ࡈࠤࠕᢎ⢒ߩ⸠✵ࠍ߁ߌߚ੐ᬺ႐ߩౝㇱࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߣߢ੺౉ലᨐࠍᲧ
セߒߚ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘ߤߜࠄ߇ឭଏߒߡ߽ലᨐߦᏅ߇ߥ޿ߎߣ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ[9]‫ޕ‬ታᣉߩࡐࠗࡦ࠻
‫ޣ‬ផᅑ 1㧦ታᣉ࿁ᢙ‫ޤ‬࡮ ฦ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߢ⠌ᓧߒߡ߶ߒ޿ࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍ㒢ቯߒ㧘ౝኈࠍ⹣߼ߔ߉ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ ౝኈߦᔕߓߡࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍⶄᢙ࿁ߦಽഀߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘⍮⼂࡮ᛛⴚߩ⠌ᓧ߇౞Ṗߦߥࠆࠃ߁ߦߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ ◲නߥౝኈ߆ࠄⶄ㔀ߥౝኈ߳ߣࠬ࠹࠶ࡊࠕ࠶ࡊߔࠆࠬࡕ࡯࡞ࠬ࠹࠶ࡊᣇᑼࠍណ↪ߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘ෳട⠪ߩᗧ᰼ߣേᯏߠߌ߇⛽ᜬߐࠇ߿ߔߊߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ ⶄᢙ࿁ߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߢ㧘ࡔࡦࡃ࡯㑆ߢ⦟ᅢߥ㑐ଥ߇ᒻᚑߐࠇ㧘ࠨࡐ࡯࠻ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ߇ᒻ
ᚑߐࠇ߿ߔߊߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍⶄᢙ࿁ߦಽߌߡታᣉߔࠆ႐ว㧘ᄙߊߩ⎇ⓥߢߪ 1 ㅳ㑆ߩታᣉ㑆㓒ࠍ⸳ቯߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬‫ޣ‬ផᅑ 2㧦ࠤࠕߩឭଏ⠪‫ޤ‬࡮ ታᣉߦ㓙ߒߡߪ㧘ᔅⷐߥ⍮⼂߿ᛛⴚࠍ੐೨ߦ⠌ᓧߒߡ߅ߊߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߢߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ ታᣉ⚻㛎߇ዋߥ޿႐วߦߪ㧘ኾ㐷ኅߩഥ⸒ࠍᓧߥ߇ࠄ㧘ᛛⴚߩะ਄ߦദ߼߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᵈ 4㧦ࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߦ㑐ߔࠆᩮ᜚ߣታᣉߩࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ផᅑ 6㧔ࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߩ⸳ቯ㧕ߢ೎୘ߦขࠅ਄ߍߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬−  −

ࡅࡦ࠻

㗄
⋡

ࠦ
ࡦ
࠮
ࡦ
ࠨ
ࠬ

‫ ࠻ࡦࡅޣ‬1㧦ኻ⽎ߩ⸳ቯ‫ޤ‬ᤨ㑆㧘⾌↪㧘ੱ⊛⾗Ḯߥߤߦ೙⚂߇޽ࠆ႐วߦߪ㧘ఝవᐲߩ㜞޿㓸࿅߆ࠄታᣉߔࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ ࠻ࡦࡅޣ‬2㧦1 ࿁޽ߚࠅߩታᣉᤨ㑆‫ޤ‬
1 ࿁޽ߚࠅߩታᣉᤨ㑆ߪ 2 ᤨ㑆⒟ᐲߣߔࠆߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ߒ޿‫ޕ‬‫ ࠻ࡦࡅޣ‬1㧦ኻ⽎ߩ⸳ቯ‫ޤ‬࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߳ߩ‫ޟ‬ෳടᏗᦸ⠪‫࠭࡯࠾ޟࠍޠ‬㧘㑐ᔃ޽ࠅ‫್ߣޠ‬ᢿߒߚ߁߃ߢ㧘ਥⷐߥࠕ࠙࠻ࠞࡓߢ޽ࠆᔃℂ⊛ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕߩૐᷫߦലᨐ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ⎇ⓥࠍ᛽಴ߒߚߣߎࠈ㧘30 ઙ߇⹥ᒰߒߚ
[3, 4, 6, 8-20, 26, 28-40] ‫ޕ‬࡮ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕߩ㜞ૐߦࠃࠅਅ૏ಽᨆࠍⴕߞߚ⚿ᨐ㧘੺౉೨ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕ࡟ࡌ࡞߇㜞޿ෳട⠪߶ߤᅢ߹ߒ޿ലᨐ߇ᓧࠄࠇ߿ߔ޿[17, 41]‫ޕ‬࡮ⵙ㊂ᮭ㧔⥄ಽߩࡍ࡯ࠬߢ઀੐߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧘⥄ಽߢ઀੐ߩ㗅⇟࡮߿ࠅᣇࠍ᳿߼ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧘⡯႐ߩ઀੐ߩᣇ㊎ߦ⥄ಽߩᗧ⷗ࠍ෻ᤋߢ߈ࠆ╬㧕ߩ㜞ૐߦࠃࠅਅ૏ಽᨆࠍⴕߞߚ⚿ᨐ㧘ⵙ㊂ᮭߩ㜞޿⡯႐ⅣႺߢዞᬺߒߡ޿ࠆෳട⠪߶ߤᅢ߹ߒ޿ലᨐ߇ᓧࠄࠇ߿ߔ޿[32, 42, 43]‫ޕ‬‫ ࠻ࡦࡅޣ‬2㧦1 ࿁޽ߚࠅߩታᣉᤨ㑆‫ޤ‬
࡮ᔃℂ⊛ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕߩૐᷫߦലᨐߩ⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ 40 ઙߩ⎇ⓥߦ߅޿ߡ㧘1 ࿁޽ߚࠅߩᐔဋታᣉᤨ
㑆ߪ⚂ 100 ಽߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ታᣉߩࡐࠗࡦ࠻
‫ ࠻ࡦࡅޣ‬1㧦ኻ⽎ߩ⸳ቯ‫ޤ‬࡮ఝవᐲߩ⸳ቯߦ㓙ߒߡߪ㧘࠮࡞ࡈࠤࠕ߳ߩ㑐ᔃߩ㜞ߐ㧘ዞᬺⅣႺ㧔ቇ⠌ౝኈࠍᵴ↪ߒ߿ߔ޿ⅣႺߦ޽ࠆ߆㧕㧘ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕߩ㜞ߐߥߤࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡኻ⽎㓸࿅ࠍ⸳ቯߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ౕ૕⊛ߦߪ㧘࠮࡞ࡈࠤࠕ߳ߩ㑐ᔃ߇㜞޿㓸࿅㧘ቇ⠌ౝኈࠍᵴ↪ߒ߿ߔ޿ⅣႺ㧔ዞᬺⅣႺ㧕ߦ޽ࠆഭ௛⠪㧘ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕ߇㜞޿㓸࿅ߦߪ㧘ఝవߒߡࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍឭଏߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ᣂ౉␠ຬ㧘⇣േ⠪㧘᣹ㅴ࡮᣹ᩰ⠪ߥߤࠬ࠻࡟ࠬࡈ࡞ߥ⁁ᴫߦ⟎߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆ⠪ߦߪ㧘ఝవᐲࠍ㜞߼ࠆߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
࡮ᔃℂ⊛ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕ߇㜞޿ഭ௛⠪ߦ㒢ቯߒߡታᣉߔࠆ႐วߦߪ㧘ෳട⠪⥄り߿๟࿐ߦ஍⷗߿⺋⸃ࠍਈ߃ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߥ㈩ᘦ߿㧘ෳട⠪ߩᔃℂ⊛ᛶ᛫ࠍዋߥߊߔࠆ㈩ᘦ߇ᔅⷐߢߔ‫ޕ‬‫ ࠻ࡦࡅޣ‬2㧦1 ࿁޽ߚࠅߩታᣉᤨ㑆‫ޤ‬
࡮ 1 ࿁ߩ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߢ⠌ᓧߒߡ߶ߒ޿ࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍ㒢ቯߒ㧘ౝኈࠍ⹣߼ߔ߉ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬−  −

㧔2㧕ౝኈ
ផᅑౝኈ

㗄
⋡

ᩮ
᜚

‫ޣ‬ផᅑ 3㧦ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ᭴ᚑ‫ޤ‬ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߢߪ㧘⹺⍮࡮ⴕേ⊛ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߦၮߠߊᛛᴺࠍන⁛ߢ↪޿ࠆ߆㧘࡝࡜ࠢ࠮࡯࡚ࠪࡦߣ⚵ߺวࠊߖߡታᣉߔࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ޣ‬ផᅑ 4㧦ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ⹏ଔߩ੐ᓟኻᔕ‫ޤ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ⁁ᴫࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆ႐วߪ㧘⹏ଔ⚿ᨐࠍ㄰ළߔࠆߛߌߢߥߊ㧘ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬシᷫߩߚ߼ߩౕ
૕⊛ߥᣇᴺ㧔ᢎ⢒߿⎇ୃ㧕ࠍ૬ߖߡឭଏߔࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ޣ‬ផᅑ 3㧦ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ᭴ᚑ‫ޤ‬࡮ Van der Klink et al. (2001) [1] ߿ Richardson & Rothstein 㧔2008㧕[2]ߩࡔ࠲ಽᨆߢߪ㧘⹺⍮࡮ⴕേ⊛ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߦၮߠߊᛛᴺ㧘߹ߚߪ࡝࡜ࠢ࠮࡯࡚ࠪࡦߣ⚵ߺวࠊߖߚᛛᴺ߇㧘ઁߩᛛᴺߦᲧ
ߴߡ੺౉ലᨐ߇ᄢ߈޿‫ޕ‬
࡮ ․ߦ Richardson & Rothstein 㧔2008㧕[2]ߩࡔ࠲ಽᨆߢߪ㧘⹺⍮࡮ⴕേ⊛ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ࠍන⁛ߢឭଏߒߚࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩലᨐ㊂߇ᦨ߽ᄢ߈޿ߎߣ߇␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ኻ⽎ߣߥߞߚ 65 ઙߩ⎇ⓥߩᄙߊ߇㧘ߎࠇࠄߩᛛᴺࠍណ↪ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬‫ޣ‬ផᅑ 4㧦ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ⹏ଔߩ੐ᓟኻᔕ‫ޤ‬࡮ ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ⹏ଔߣߘߩ⚿ᨐߩࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢߦࠃࠆ੺౉ലᨐࠍᬌ⸛ߒߚ 3 ߟߩ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘ᔃℂ⊛ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕ߳ߩ੺౉ലᨐߪ޿ߕࠇ߽⹺߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ޿[44-46]‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘⚿ᨐߩࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢߩ
ઁߦᔃℂᢎ⢒㧔㓸วᒻᑼ߿୘೎ᒻᑼ㧕ࠍ૬↪ߒߚ⎇ⓥ 4 ઙߩ߁ߜ 3 ઙ[19, 25, 47]ߢߪ㧘ᔃℂ⊛ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕߩૐᷫ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ታᣉߩࡐࠗࡦ࠻
‫ޣ‬ផᅑ 3㧦ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ᭴ᚑ‫ޤ‬࡮ ⹺⍮࡮ⴕേ⊛ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߦၮߠߊᛛᴺߦߪ㧘໧㗴⸃᳿ᴺ㧘ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ఺∉⸠✵㧘⹺⍮⊛ౣ૕೙ൻ㧘ࠕࠨ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ࡮࠻࡟࡯࠾ࡦࠣ㧘࠲ࠗࡓࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߥߤߩᛛᴺ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘࡝࡜ࠢ࠮࡯࡚ࠪࡦᛛᴺ
ߦߪ㧘ẋㅴ⊛╭ᒆ✭ᴺ㧘⥄ᓞ⸠✵ᴺ㧘๭ๆᴺߥߤ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߢឭଏߔࠆᛛᴺߪᄙߔ߉ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦ⇐ᗧߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
㧔ឭଏᛛᴺ߇Ⴧ߃ࠆߣ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦᢙߣߘࠇ
ߦ઻߁ࠦࠬ࠻㧔ᤨ㑆㧘႐ᚲ㧘ࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߥߤ㧕߇Ⴧടߔࠆߚ߼ߢߔ‫ࡦ࡚ࠪ࠶࠮ޕ‬ᢙ߇Ⴧ߃ߡ߽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜
ࡓലᨐߩଦㅴߦߪߟߥ߇ࠄߥ޿ߎߣ߽␜ߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ[1-3]㧕‫ޕ‬࡮ ኻ⽎⠪ߩ࠾࡯࠭߿㑐ᔃߦᔕߓߡ㧘ឭଏߔࠆᛛᴺࠍㆬᛯߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬‫ޣ‬ផᅑ 4㧦ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ⹏ଔߩ੐ᓟኻᔕ‫ޤ‬࡮ ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ⹏ଔࠍⴕ߁႐วߦߪ㧘ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬシᷫߩߚ߼ߩౕ૕⊛ߥᣇᴺߦߟ޿ߡ߽૬ߖߡ㧔ᢎ⢒߿⎇ୃߦࠃߞߡ㧕ឭଏߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬−  −

‫⺑⸃⺆↪ޣ‬㧦୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷㧔࠮࡞ࡈࠤࠕ㧕ߢ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆ⹺⍮࡮ⴕേ⊛ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴߅ࠃ߮࡝࡜ࠢ࠮࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩฦᛛᴺ‫ޤ‬ᤨ㑆ߩ૶޿ᣇࠍ⷗⋥ߒ㧘ㆡಾߦ▤ℂߔࠆᣇᴺࠍりߦ࡮ ໧㗴⸃᳿ᴺ㧦ߟߌࠆߎߣߢ㧘ᣣᏱ↢ᵴߢߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ᗵߩะ਄

࠭࡝࡜ࠄ߇ឭ໒ߒߚᛛᴺߢ㧘ᣣᏱ↢ᵴߢ⚻㛎ߔࠆ໧

ࠍ࿑ࠆᛛᴺ‫ᤨޕ‬㑆ߩ૶޿ᣇߩࡕ࠾࠲࡝ࡦࠣߣ໧㗴ὐ㗴ߩߣࠄ߃ᣇ߿⸃᳿╷ࠍ⠨߃಴ߔ⸠✵ࠍⴕ޿㧘໧㗴ߩ᣿⏕ൻ㧘㐳ᦼ߅ࠃ߮⍴ᦼ⋡ᮡߩ⸳ቯ㧘ఝవ㗅૏ߩ⸃᳿⢻ജࠍ㜞߼ࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬1㧕໧㗴⸃᳿⸳ቯ㧘ⴕേ⸘↹ߩ૞ᚑߥߤߩⷐ⚛߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠍଦㅴߔࠆⓍᭂ⊛ߥᆫ൓㧘2㧕໧㗴ߩ᣿⏕ൻߣ⋡ᮡ࡮ ẋㅴ⊛╭ᒆ✭ᴺ㧦⸳ቯ㧘3㧕⸃᳿ᣇᴺߩ↥಴㧘4㧕⸃᳿╷ߩㆬᛯ㧘5㧕⸃᳿╷ߩታⴕߣ⹏ଔ㧘ߩ 5 ߟߩᲑ㓏ߦߟ޿ߡቇ⠌ࠫࠚࠗࠦࡉ࠰ࡦ߇ឭ໒ߒߚᛛᴺߢ㧘り૕ฦㇱߩ╭⡺ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷㧔࠮࡞ࡈࠤࠕ㧕ߢ↪޿ߩ✕ᒛߣᒆ✭ࠍ➅ࠅ㄰ߒⴕ߁ߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘ᓢ‫ߦޘ‬りࠄࠇࠆ႐วߦߪ㧘໧㗴⸃᳿࠻࡟࡯࠾ࡦࠣ㧘໧㗴⸃᳿૕ో૕ߩ࡝࡜࠶ࠢࠬ⁁ᘒࠍዉߊߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬

ᛛᴺ㧘໧㗴⸃᳿ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߣ߽๭߫ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬࠻࡟࡯࠾ࡦࠣߢߪ㧘╭⡺ࠍቢోߦᒆ✭ߐߖࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘ฦㇱ૏ߩ╭⡺ࠍᢙ⑽㑆✕ᒛߐߖߚᓟߦᒆ✭ߔࠆߎ࡮ ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ఺∉⸠✵㧦ߣࠍ➅ࠅ㄰ߔ‫ޕ‬ࡑࠗࠤࡦࡃ࠙ࡓ߇ឭ໒ߒߚᛛᴺߢ㧘ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߦኻߔ࡮ ⥄ᓞ⸠✵ᴺ㧦ࠆ‫ޠ∉఺ޟ‬㧘ߟ߹ࠅᔃℂ⊛ᛶ᛫ജ߿ኻಣᛛ⢻ࠍ₪ᓧߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬1㧕ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩ᭎ᔨᛠី㧘ࠪࡘ࡞࠷߇ឭ໒ߒߚᛛᴺߢ㧘ᥧ␜ᢥ㧔౏ᑼ㧕ࠍᔃߩ

2㧕ᛛ⢻₪ᓧߣ࡝ࡂ࡯ࠨ࡞㧘3㧕ㆡ↪ߣࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠬ

ਛߢ➅ࠅ㄰ߒ໒߃ߡ⥄Ꮖ௅⌁⁁ᘒߦዉ߈㧘ᖱേ㕙㧘࡞࡯㧘ߩ 3 Ბ㓏߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬↢ℂ㕙ߩㆊ೾ߥ⾮ᵴ⁁ᘒࠍ㎾߼ࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒ
ߚᛛᴺ‫౏ޕ‬ᑼߦߪ㧘⢛᥊౏ᑼ㧔ၮ␆౏ᑼߣ߽޿߁㧦࡮ ⹺⍮⊛ౣ૕೙ൻ㧦᳇ᜬߜ߇ߣߡ߽⪭ߜ⌕޿ߡ޿ࠆ㧕ߣ㧘╙ 1 ౏ᑼ㧔ᚻ⥄Ꮖߩุቯ⊛ߢਇวℂߥାᔨ߿ᕁ⠨ߦኻߔࠆ⹺⼂⿷߇㊀ߚ޿㧕㨪╙ 6 ౏ᑼ㧔㗵߇ᶭߒ޿㧕ߩว⸘ 7ࠍᷓ߼㧘ߘࠇࠄࠍㆡᔕ⊛ߢวℂ⊛ߥ߽ߩߦᄌኈߔࠆ

ߟߩ౏ᑼ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚᛛᴺ‫⹺ޕ‬⍮⊛ౣ᭴ᚑᴺߣ߽๭߫ࠇ
ࠆ‫⺰ߩࠬ࡝ࠛޕ‬ℂ≮ᴺ㧘ࡌ࠶ࠢߩ⹺⍮≮ᴺߥߤ߇޽࡮ ๭ๆᴺ㧦ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᔃりߩ቟ቯൻߣࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ࠍ࿑ࠆ߁߃ߢᦨ߽◲ଢߥᣇᴺ‫ߚߒߣࠅߊߞࠁޕ‬⣻ᑼ๭ๆ㧔1 ಽ㑆޽ߚࠅ࡮ ࠕࠨ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ࡮࠻࡟࡯࠾ࡦࠣ㧦

6㨪8 ࿁㧕߇ᦨ߽ࠃߊ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬๭ๆߣᗵᖱߣߩ

๟࿐ࠍዅ㊀ߒߥ߇ࠄ⥄Ꮖߩ᳇ᜬߜ߿⠨߃ࠍㆡಾߦ

ኒធߥ㑐ଥࠍ೑↪ߒ㧘๭ๆࠍᗧ࿑⊛ߦࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞

વ߃ࠆࠕࠨ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠬࠠ࡞ߩะ਄ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ‫࠻ޕ‬ߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘ᗵᖱ㧔✕ᒛ߿ਇ቟ߥߤ㧕ߩᄌൻࠍዉߊ

࡟࡯࠾ࡦࠣߢߪ㧘᳇ᜬߜ߿⠨߃ߩવ߃ᣇߩࡄ࠲࡯ࡦ

ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߣ޿߁⠨߃ߦၮߠߊ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬㧘๭ๆߦ㧔ฃേ⊛㧘᡹᠄⊛㧘ฃേ̆᡹᠄⊛㧘ਥᒛ⊛㧕ࠍℂ⸃߆߆ࠊࠆ╭⡺߇㛽ᩰ╭ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᮮ⚉╭ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߆

ߒߚ߁߃ߢ㧘વ߃ߚ޿ౝኈࠍㆡಾߦવ߃ࠆᣇᴺࠍቇ

ࠄ㓐ᗧㆇേ߇น⢻ߢࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ߢ߈ࠆߚ߼ߢ޽

߮㧘ኻੱ㑐ଥ਄ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩૐᷫߦߟߥߍࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ ࠲ࠗࡓࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻㧦ෳ⠨ᢥ₂੖ච፲ㅘሶ (2001). ࡝࡜ࠢ࠮࡯࡚ࠪࡦᴺߩℂ⺰ߣታ㓙. ᧲੩: කᱤ⮎಴.

Linden, W. (2005). Stress management: From basic science to better practice. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
ਛ㊁ᢘሶ (2005). ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ࡮ࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻౉㐷. ᧲੩: ㊄೰಴ᣣᧄஜᐽᔃℂቇળ (✬). (1997). ஜᐽᔃℂቇㄉౖ. ᧲੩: ታോᢎ⢒಴.

⷏ᧄᱞᒾ࡮ᄢ⮳ᵏ࡮⑔Ỉ৻ศ࡮⿧Ꮉᚱሶ (✬⪺). (2009). ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻⃻ઍᔃℂቇ౉㐷. ᧲੩: Ꮉፉᦠᐫ.
ဈ㊁㓶ੑ (✬). (2000). ⥃ᐥᔃℂቇࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼. ᧲੩: ᦭᢫㑑.
Smith, J. C. (2002). Stress management: A comprehensive handbook of techniques and strategies. New York:
Springer.

−  −

㧔3㧕ᒻᑼ
ផᅑౝኈ
㗄
⋡

ᩮ
᜚

‫ޣ‬ផᅑ 5㧦ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩឭଏᒻᑼ‫ޤ‬੐ᬺ႐߿ෳട⠪ߩ․ᓽ࡮⁁ᴫߦᔕߓߡ㧘ឭଏᒻᑼ㧔㓸วᢎ⢒㧘୘೎ᢎ⢒㧕ࠍㆬᛯߔࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ޣ‬ផᅑ 5㧦ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩឭଏᒻᑼ‫ޤ‬࡮㓸วᒻᑼߦࠃࠆ੺౉ലᨐࠍᬌ⸛ߒߚ 38 ⺰ᢥ㧔㓸วᒻᑼߩߺ 35 ⺰ᢥ㧘୘೎ᒻᑼߣߩ૬↪ 3 ⺰ᢥ㧕ߩ߁ߜ 14 ⺰ᢥߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࠍᵴ↪ߒߚෳടဳቇ⠌㧔ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ࠺ࠖࠬࠞ࠶࡚ࠪࡦ߿ࠣ࡞࡯
ࡊࡢ࡯ࠢߥߤ㧕ࠍขࠅ౉ࠇ㧘߆ߟᔃℂ⊛ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕߩૐᷫߦലᨐ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚ[3, 4, 7-11,
14, 15, 18, 20, 21, 24, 37]‫ޕ‬࡮୘ੱ㕙ធ㧘㔚⹤㧘e ࡔ࡯࡞ߦࠃࠆ୘೎ᢎ⢒㧔e ࡜࡯࠾ࡦࠣ㧘ᣣ⸥ࠍ㒰ߊ㧕ߢߪ㧘7 ⺰ᢥߦ߅޿ߡᔃ
ℂ⊛ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕߩૐᷫߦലᨐ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚ[21, 22, 25, 26, 28, 38, 47]‫ޕ‬ታᣉߩࡐࠗࡦ࠻
‫ޣ‬ផᅑ 5㧦ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩឭଏᒻᑼ‫ޤ‬࡮㓸วᒻᑼߩ႐ว㧘ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࠍᵴ↪ߒߚෳടဳቇ⠌ࠍขࠅ౉ࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦദ߼߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮㓸วᒻᑼߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߢᔃℂ⊛ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕߩૐᷫലᨐ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ⎇ⓥߩᄙߊߪ㧘ෳടဳቇ⠌ࠍขࠅ౉ࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ෳടဳቇ⠌ߢߪ㧘ෳട⠪⋧੕ߩᗧ⷗੤឵߇ଦㅴߐࠇ㧘ⴕേ߿⹺⍮ࠍୃᱜߔࠆߚ߼ߩࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢ߇ᓧ
ࠄࠇ߿ߔߊߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ෳടဳቇ⠌ߢߪ㧘หߓ໧㗴ࠍ౒᦭ߔࠆෳട⠪ߩⴕേࠍⷰኤߒߚࠅ㧘ขࠅ౉ࠇߚࠅߔࠆᯏળ߇ᓧࠄࠇ߿ߔ
ߊߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ࠺ࠖࠬࠞ࠶࡚ࠪࡦ߿ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࡢ࡯ࠢߢߪ㧘1 ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ޽ߚࠅߩੱᢙ߇ 10 ฬࠍ⿥߃ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦ㈩ᘦߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮୘೎ᢎ⢒ߢߪ㧘ෳട⠪ߩᔃℂ⊛ᛶ᛫㧔๟࿐ߦኻߔࠆ᳇߇ߨ㧕ࠍዋߥߊߔࠆࠃ߁ߥᎿᄦࠍߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮୘೎ᢎ⢒ߢߪ㧘ෳട⠪ߩ࠾࡯࠭ߦᔕߓߚࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍឭଏߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬−  −

ࡅࡦ࠻
㗄
⋡

ࠦ
ࡦ
࠮
ࡦ
ࠨ
ࠬ

‫ ࠻ࡦࡅޣ‬3㧦࠮࡞ࡈࠤࠕߣߘߩઁߩኻ╷ߣߩ⚵วߖ‫ޤ‬ቇ⠌ౝኈߩᵴ↪ࠍଦㅴߐߖࠆߚ߼ߩ⡯႐ⅣႺߠߊࠅࠍⴕ߁㧔ⵙ㊂ᮭࠍ਄ߍࠆߚ߼ߩኻ╷ࠍ૬↪ߔࠆ㧕‫ޕ‬‫ ࠻ࡦࡅޣ‬3㧦࠮࡞ࡈࠤࠕߣߘߩઁߩኻ╷ߣߩ⚵วߖ‫ޤ‬୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷㧔࠮࡞ࡈࠤࠕ㧕ߢߪ㧘ⵙ㊂ᮭߩᄙ޿⡯႐ⅣႺߢዞᬺߒߡ޿ࠆෳട⠪߶ߤᅢ߹ߒ
޿ലᨐ߇ᓧࠄࠇ߿ߔ޿[32, 42, 43]‫ޕ‬ታᣉߩࡐࠗࡦ࠻
‫ ࠻ࡦࡅޣ‬3㧦࠮࡞ࡈࠤࠕߣߘߩઁߩኻ╷ߣߩ⚵วߖ‫ޤ‬࡮ᓥᬺຬෳടဳߩ⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀᵴേߥߤࠍⴕ޿㧘ഭ௛⠪৻ੱ߭ߣࠅߩⵙ㊂ᮭࠍ਄ߍࠆߚ߼ߩᎿᄦࠍⴕ޿߹
ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀᵴേߢߪ㧘⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿㧘઀੐ߩࠬ࠻࡟್ࠬቯ࿑㧘ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬࠕ࡚ࠢࠪ
ࡦ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢ࡝ࠬ࠻ߥߤࠍᵴ↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬−  −

㧔4㧕੐ᓟߩኻᔕ
ផᅑౝኈ
㗄
⋡

ᩮ
᜚

‫ޣ‬ផᅑ 6㧦ࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߩ⸳ቯ‫ޤ‬ᢎ⢒࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߩ⚳ੌᓟߦࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦࠍ⸳ߌ㧘ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߢቇࠎߛ⍮⼂߿ᛛⴚࠍᝄࠅ
㄰ࠆᯏળ߿ᣣᏱ↢ᵴߢߩㆡ↪ࠍଦㅴߔࠆᯏળࠍ⸳ߌࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ޣ‬ផᅑ 6㧦ࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߩ⸳ቯ‫ޤ‬࡮ࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦ㧔ࡉ࡯ࠬ࠲࡯࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦ㧕ࠍ⸳ߌࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ߩലᨐ߇ࠃࠅ㐳ᦼ⊛ߦ⛽ᜬߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߐࠇߡ޿ߚ[20]‫ޕ‬࡮‫⋥߁޿ߣޠ࡯࠲ࠬ࡯ࡉޟ‬ធ⊛ߥ⸥タߪߥߊߡ߽㧘ᦨ⚳࿁ߩ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦ߹ߢߩࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡃ࡞߇㐳ߊ㧘
߆ߟᔃℂ⊛ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕߩૐᷫߦലᨐ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ⎇ⓥࠍ᛽಴ߒߚߣߎࠈ㧘3 ઙ߇⹥ᒰߒߚ[8, 17,22]‫ ࠄࠇߎޕ‬3 ઙߩ߁ߜ 2 ઙߪ 3 ࡩ᦬ߩ㑆㓒ࠍ᦭ߒߡ޿ߚ[8, 22]‫ޕ‬ታᣉߩࡐࠗࡦ࠻
‫ޣ‬ផᅑ 6㧦ࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߩ⸳ቯ‫ޤ‬࡮੐ᬺ႐ߩ੐ᖱߦวࠊߖߡ㧘ᦨૐ 1 ࿁ߪࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦࠍ⸳ߌ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߩታᣉᤨᦼߣߒߡߪᦨ⚳࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦ⚳ੌᓟ 3 ࡩ᦬߇⋡቟ߣߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߩ࿁ᢙߣߘߩലᨐߣߩ㑐ㅪߦߟ޿ߡߪ߹ߛ᣿ࠄ߆ߥ⍮⷗߇ᓧࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ޿
ߚ߼㧘ᒰ㕙ߪ੐ᬺ႐ߩ੐ᖱߦวࠊߖߡታᣉߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊߢߪ㧘㕙⺣㧘㔚⹤㧘ࡔ࡯࡞ߥߤ୘೎ᒻᑼࠍขࠅ౉ࠇߡⴕ߁ߎߣ߽น⢻ߢߔ−  −

ࡅࡦ࠻
㗄
⋡

ࠦ
ࡦ
࠮
ࡦ
ࠨ
ࠬ

‫ ࠻ࡦࡅޣ‬4㧦ᵴ↪ଦㅴߩߚ߼ߩᎿᄦ‫ޤ‬⍮⼂߿ᛛⴚࠍቯ⌕ߐߖ㧘ᣣᏱ↢ᵴߢߩᵴ↪ࠍଦㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߩᎿᄦࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬‫ ࠻ࡦࡅޣ‬4㧦ᵴ↪ଦㅴߩߚ߼ߩᎿᄦ‫ޤ‬࡮ᰴߩ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦ߹ߢߦᣣᏱ↢ᵴౝߢขࠅ⚵߻⺖㗴㧔ࡎ࡯ࡓࡢ࡯ࠢ㧕ࠍ⺖ߒ㧔ᰴߩ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߩ੍
⠌߿੺౉⚳ੌᓟߩߺ߽ߩߪ㒰ߊ㧕㧘߆ߟᔃℂ⊛ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕߩૐᷫߦലᨐ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ⎇ⓥߣߒߡ㧘18 ઙ߇⹥ᒰߒߚ[6, 8, 9, 12, 14, 16, 17, 21, 26-28, 32, 34, 35, 37, 38, 48, 49]‫ޕ‬ታᣉߩࡐࠗࡦ࠻
‫ ࠻ࡦࡅޣ‬4㧦ᵴ↪ଦㅴߩߚ߼ߩᎿᄦ‫ޤ‬࡮ᢎ⢒ౝኈࠍ⍮⊛ߦℂ⸃ߒߡ߽㧘ߘߩౝኈ߇ᣣᏱ↢ᵴߦㆡ↪ߐࠇߥߌࠇ߫㧘ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩᧂὼ㒐ᱛ߿ஜᐽߩ଻ᜬ࡮Ⴧㅴߦߪ⚿߮ߟ߈߹ߖࠎ‫߼ߚߩߘޕ‬㧘ࡢ࡯ࠢࠪ࡯࠻ࠍ㈩Ꮣߔࠆߥߤ㧘ቇࠎߛ⍮⼂ࠍ⥄Ꮖߩ໧㗴߿⁁ᴫߦㆡ↪ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ⶄᢙ࿁ߩ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦࠍឭଏߔࠆ႐ว㧘ᰴߩ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦ߹ߢߦᣣᏱ↢ᵴߢขࠅ⚵߻⺖㗴㧔ࡎ࡯ࡓࡢ࡯ࠢ㧕ࠍ⸳ߌ㧘ᛛⴚߩቯ⌕ࠍଦㅴߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬−  −

ᒁ↪ᢥ₂㧔ઃ㍳ 1㧕
1.

Van der Klink, J., Blonk, R., Schene, A.H., and Van Dijk, F., The benefits of interventions forwork-related stress. American Journal of Public Health, 2001. 91(2): p. 270-76.

2.

Richardson, K.M. and Rothstein, H.R., Effects of occupational stress management intervention
programs: A meta-analysis. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 2008. 13(1): p. 69-93.

3.

Cecil, M. A. and Forman, S. G., Effects of stress inoculation training and coworker support groups
on teachers' stress. Journal of School Psychology, 1990. 28(2): p. 105-18.

4.

Pipe, T.B., Bortz, J.J., Dueck, A., Pendergast, D., Buchda, V., and Summers, J., Nurse Leader
Mindfulness Meditation Program for Stress Management: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Journal of Nursing Administration, 2009. 39(3): p. 130-37.

5.

Zonierczyk-Zreda, D., An intervention to reduce work-related burnout in teachers. International
Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics (JOSE), 2005. 11(4): p. 423-30.

6.

Murphy, L.R., Stress management in highway maintenance workers. Journal of Occupational andEnvironmental Medicine, 1984. 26(6): p. 436-42.

7.

Bertoch, M.R., Nielsen, E.C., Curley, J.R., and Borg, W.R., Reducing teacher stress. The Journal of
Experimental Educational, 1989: p. 117-28.

8.

Bond, F.W. and Bunce, D., Mediators of change in emotion-focused and problem-focused worksite
stress management interventions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 2000. 5(1): p.
156-63.

9.

de Jong, G.M. and Emmelkamp, P.M.G., Implementing a Stress Management Training:
Comparative Trainer Effectiveness. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 2000. 5(2): p.
309-20.

10. Ganster, D.C., Mayes, B.T., Sime, W.E., and Tharp, G.D., Managing organizational stress: A field
experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1982. 67(5): p. 533-42.
11. Higgins, N.C., Occupational stress and working women: The effectiveness of two stress reduction
programs* 1. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 1986. 29(1): p. 66-78.
12. Maddi, S.R., Kahn, S., and Maddi, K.L., The effectiveness of hardiness training. Consulting
Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 1998. 50(2): p. 78-86.
13. Peters, R.K., Benson, H., and Porter, D., Daily relaxation response breaks in a working
population: I. Effects on self-reported measures of health, performance, and well-being. American
Journal of Public Health, 1977. 67(10): p. 946-53.
14. Sharp, J.J. and Forman, S.G., A comparison of two approaches to anxiety management forteachers*. Behavior Therapy, 1985. 16(4): p. 370-83.
15. Peterson, U., Bergstr m, G., Samuelsson, M., sberg, M., and Nygren, Reflecting peeŕsupport
groups in the prevention of stress and burnout: randomized controlled trial. Journal of Advanced
Nursing, 2008. 63(5): p. 506-16.
16. Mino, Y., Babazono, A., Tsuda, T., and Yasuda, N., Can stress management at the workplace
prevent depression? A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 2000.
75(3): p. 177-82.
17. Van Rhenen, W., Blonk, R.W.B., van der Klink, J.J.L., van Dijk, F.J.H., and Schaufeli, W.B., The
effect of a cognitive and a physical stress-reducing programme on psychological complaints.
International archives of occupational and environmental health, 2005. 78(2): p. 139-48.
18. Horan, A.P., An effective workplace stress management intervention: Chicken Soup for the Soul atWork(tm) Employee Groups. Work: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment and Rehabilitation, 2002.
18(1): p. 3-13.

−  −

19. Rahe, R.H., Taylor, C.B., Tolles, R.L., Newhall, L.M., Veach, T.L., and Bryson, S., A novel stressand coping workplace program reduces illness and healthcare utilization. Psychosomatic Medicine,
2002. 64(2): p. 278-86.
20. Rowe, M.M., Teaching health-care providers coping: results of a two-year study. Journal of
behavioral medicine, 1999. 22(5): p. 511-27.
21. Von Baeyer, C. and Krause, L., Effectiveness of stress management training for nurses working ina burn treatment unit. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 1983. 13(2): p.
113-26.
22. Reynolds, S., Psychological well-being at work: is prevention better than cure? Journal of
Psychosomatic Research, 1997. 43(1): p. 93-102.
23. McCraty, R., Atkinson, M., and Tomasino, D., Impact of a workplace stress reduction program on
blood pressure and emotional health in hypertensive employees. The Journal of Alternative &Complementary Medicine, 2003. 9(3): p. 355-69.
24. Yung, P., Fung, M.Y., Chan, T.M.F., and Lau, B.W.K., Relaxation training methods for nurse
managers in Hong Kong: a controlled study. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing,
2004. 13(4): p. 255-61.
25. Elliot, D.L., Goldberg, L., Duncan, T.E., Kuehl, K.S., Moe, E.L., Breger, R.K.R., DeFrancesco, C.L.,
Ernst, D.B., and Stevens, V.J., The PHLAME firefighters' study: feasibility and findings.
American Journal of Health Behaviour, 2004. 28(1): p. 13-23.
26. Atlantis, E., Chow, C.M., Kirby, A., and Fiatarone Singh, M., An effective exercise-based
intervention for improving mental health and quality of life measures: a randomized controlled
trial. Preventive Medicine, 2004. 39(2): p. 424-34.
27. Mackenzie, C.S., Poulin, P.A., and Seidman-Carlson, R., A brief mindfulness-based stress
reduction intervention for nurses and nurse aides. Applied Nursing Research, 2006. 19(2): p.
105-09.
28. Ruwaard, J., Lange, A., Bouwman, M., Broeksteeg, J., and Schrieken, B., E-mailed standardized
cognitive behavioural treatment of work-related stress: A randomized controlled trial. Cognitive
Behaviour Therapy, 2007. 36(3): p. 179-92.
29. Eisen, K.P., Allen, G.J., Bollash, M., and Pescatello, L.S., Stress management in the workplace: A
comparison of a computer-based and an in-person stress-management intervention. Computers in
Human Behavior, 2008. 24(2): p. 486-96.
30. Flaxman, P.E. and Bond, F.W., A randomised worksite comparison of acceptance and commitment
therapy and stress inoculation training. Behav Res Ther, 2010. 48(8): p. 816-20.
31. Leung, S.S.K., Chiang, V.C.L., Chui, Y., Mak, Y., and Wong, D.F.K., A Brief Cognitive-behavioural
Stress Management Programme for Secondary School Teachers. Journal of Occupational Health,2011. 53(1): p. 23-35.
32. Umanodan, R., Kobayashi, Y., Nakamura, M., Kitaoka-Higashiguchi, K., Kawakami, N., andShimazu, A., Effects of a Worksite Stress Management Training Program with Six Short-hour
Sessions: A Controlled Trial among Japanese Employees. Journal of Occupational Health, 2009.
51(4): p. 294-302.
33. Billings, D.W., Cook, R.F., Hendrickson, A., and Dove, D.C., A web-based approach to managing
stress and mood disorders in the workforce. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,2008. 50(8): p. 960-68.
34. Aderman, M. and Tecklenburg, K., Effect of relaxation training on personal adjustment andperceptions of organizational climate. The Journal of psychology, 1983. 115(2): p. 185-91.

−  −

35. Alford, W.K., Malouff, J.M., and Osland, K.S., Written emotional expression as a coping method inchild protective services officers. International Journal of Stress Management, 2005. 12(2): p.
177-87.
36. Lucini, D., Riva, S., Pizzinelli, P., and Pagani, M., Stress management at the worksite: reversal of
symptoms profile and cardiovascular dysregulation. Hypertension, 2007. 49(2): p. 291-97.
37. Cohen-Katz, J., Wiley, S., Capuano, T., Baker, D.M., Deitrick, L., and Shapiro, S., The effects ofmindfulness-based stress reduction on nurse stress and burnout: a qualitative and quantitative
study, part III. Holistic nursing practice, 2005. 19(2): p. 78-86.
38. Pelletier, K.R., Rodenburg, A., Vinther, A., Chikamoto, Y., King, A.C., and Farquhar, J.W.,
Managing job strain: a randomized, controlled trial of an intervention conducted by mail andtelephone. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 1999. 41(4): p. 216-23.
39. Cook, R.F., Billings, D.W., Hersch, R.K., Back, A.S., and Hendrickson, A., A field test of a
web-based workplace health promotion program to improve dietary practices, reduce stress, andincrease physical activity: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 2007.
9(2): p. e17.
40. Van Straten, A., Cuijpers, P., and Smits, N., Effectiveness of a web-based self-help intervention for
symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical
Internet research, 2008. 10(1): p. e7.
41. Shimazu, A., Okada, Y., Sakamoto, M., and Miura, M., Effects of stress management program forteachers in Japan: a pilot study. Journal of Occupational Health, 2003. 45(4): p. 202-08.
42. Shimazu, A., Kawakami, N., Irimajiri, H., Sakamoto, M., and Amano, S., Effects of web-based
psychoeducation on self-efficacy, problem solving behavior, stress responses and job satisfaction
among workers: a controlled clinical trial. Journal of Occupational Health, 2005. 47(5): p. 405-13.
43. Shimazu, A., Umanodan, R., and Schaufeli, W.B., Effects of a brief worksite stress management
program on coping skills, psychological distress and physical complaints: a controlled trial.
International archives of occupational and environmental health, 2006. 80(1): p. 60-69.
44. Kawakami, N., Haratani, T., Iwata, N., Imanaka, Y., Murata, K., and Araki, S., Effects of mailed
advice on stress reduction among employees in Japan: a randomized controlled trial. Industrial
Health, 1999. 37(2): p. 237-42.
45. Holt, J. and Del Mar, C., Reducing occupational psychological distress: a randomized controlled
trial of a mailed intervention. Health education research, 2006. 21(4): p. 501-07.
46. Richmond, R.L., Kehoe, L., Hailstone, S., Wodak, A., and Uebel-Yan, M., Quantitative andqualitative evaluations of brief interventions to change excessive drinking, smoking and stress inthe police force. Addiction, 1999. 94(10): p. 1509-21.
47. 㜞↰ᧂ㉿, ⒳Ꮢᐽᄥ㇢, ዊ᧖ᱜᄥ㇢, ⡯႐ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߦၮߠߊࠗࡦ࠹࡯ࠢ㕙ធ߇ᔃℂ⊛ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕߦ෸߷ߔᓇ㗀. ↥ᬺࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ⎇ⓥ, 2002. 9(2): p. 115-21.
48. Häfner, A. and Stock, A., Time management training and perceived control of time at work. J
Psychol, 2010. 144(5): p. 429-47.
49. 㝩㗡ᗲሶ, ၳආ, ᄢႦᵏᱜ, ࡐࠫ࠹ࠖࡉᣣ⸥ࠍ↪޿ߚഭ௛⠪ะߌ੺౉ߩലᨐ⹏ଔ ࡐࠫ࠹ࠖࡉᗵᖱߩ
ᯏ⢻ߦ⌕⋡ߒߡ. ↥ᬺࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ⎇ⓥ, 2009. 16(3): p. 173-82.

−  −

ઃ㍳ 2㧦ផᅑౝኈ࡮ࡅࡦ࠻ߩ㗄⋡ߣᩮ᜚࡮ࠦࡦ࠮ࡦࠨࠬߢᒁ↪ߐࠇߚᢥ₂ߣߩኻᾖ࡝ࠬ࠻ 1)
⪺⠪䊶಴

ᐕ

㪈

ផᅑౝኈ㪉㪀㪉㪊㪋㪌㪘㪻㪼㫉㫄㪸㫅㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅䇭㩿㪈㪐㪏㪊㪀㪘㫃㪽㫆㫉㪻㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅䇭㩿㪉㪇㪇㪌㪀㪘㫋㫃㪸㫅㫋㫀㫊㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㩷㩿㪉㪇㪇㪋㪀㪙㪼㫉㫋㫆㪺㪿㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㩷㩿㪈㪐㪏㪐㪀

䂾
䂾

䂾
䂾
䂾
䂾
䂾
䂾
䂾

䂾
䂾

㪍

㪈

䂾
䂾
䂾

䊍䊮䊃㪊㪀
㪊
㪉 㪋㪀
㪈㪏
㪍㪇

䂾
䂾
䂾

㪈㪉㪇

䂾
㪙㫆㫅㪻㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㩷㩿㪉㪇㪇㪇㪀䂾䂾 䂾 䂾 㪈㪐㪌㪚㪼㪺㫀㫃㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㩷㩿㪈㪐㪐㪇㪀䂾䂾䂾 㪐㪇㪚㫆㪿㪼㫅㪄㪢㪸㫋㫑㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㩷㩿㪉㪇㪇㪌㪀䂾䂾 㪈㪌㪇㪚㫆㫆㫂㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㩷㩿㪉㪇㪇㪎㪀䂾㪻㪼㩷㪡㫆㫅㪾㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㩷㩿㪉㪇㪇㪇㪀
䂾 䂾 䂾
䂾
䂾 㪈㪌㪇
㪜㫀㫊㪼㫅㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㩷㩿㪉㪇㪇㪏㪀
䂾
䂾
䂾 㪌㪌
㪌㪋
㪜㫃㫃㫀㫆㫋㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㩷㩿㪉㪇㪇㪋㪀䂾䂾 䂾㪝㫃㪸㫏㫄㪸㫅㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㩷㩿㪉㪇㪈㪇㪀
䂾
䂾
䂾 㪈㪏㪇
㪞㪸㫅㫊㫋㪼㫉㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㩷㩿㪈㪐㪏㪉㪀
䂾
䂾
䂾
䂾 㪈㪉㪇
㪟㬚㪽㫅㪼㫉㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㩷㩿㪉㪇㪈㪇㪀䂾㪟㫀㪾㪾㫀㫅㫊㩷㩿㪈㪐㪏㪍㪀
䂾
䂾
䂾
䂾 㪋㪌
㪟㫆㫉㪸㫅㩷㩿㪉㪇㪇㪉㪀䂾䂾䂾㝩㗡㩷ઁ㩷㩿㪉㪇㪇㪐㪀㪈㪇䂾㪣㪼㫌㫅㪾㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㩷㩿㪉㪇㪈㪇㪀䂾䂾䂾㪣㫌㪺㫀㫅㫀㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㩷㩿㪉㪇㪇㪎㪀
䂾
䂾 㪍㪇
㪊㪇
㪤㪸㪺㫂㪼㫅㫑㫀㪼㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㩷㩿㪉㪇㪇㪍㪀䂾䂾㪤㪸㪻㪻㫀㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㩷㩿㪈㪐㪐㪏㪀䂾䂾䂾 㪐㪇㪤㪺㪚㫉㪸㫋㫐㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㩷㩿㪉㪇㪇㪊㪀㪊㪇㪇䂾䂾㪤㫀㫅㫆㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㩷㩿㪉㪇㪇㪍㪀
䂾
䂾
䂾 㪈㪉㪇
㪤㫌㫉㫇㪿㫐㩷㩿㪈㪐㪏㪋㪀䂾䂾䂾 㪍㪇㪧㪼㫃㫃㪼㫋㫀㪼㫉㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㩷㩿㪈㪐㪐㪐㪀䂾䂾䂾㪧㪼㫋㪼㫉㫊㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㩷㩿㪈㪐㪎㪎㪀䂾䂾䂾 㪍㪇㪧㪼㫋㪼㫉㫊㫆㫅㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㩷㩿㪉㪇㪇㪏㪀
䂾
䂾
䂾 㪈㪉㪇
㪧㫀㫇㪼㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㩷㩿㪉㪇㪇㪐㪀
䂾
䂾
䂾
䂾 㪈㪉㪇
㪩㪸㪿㪼㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㩷㩿㪉㪇㪇㪉㪀
䂾
䂾 䂾
䂾 㪎㪌
㪩㪼㫐㫅㫆㫃㪻㫊㩷㩿㪈㪐㪐㪎㪀
㪍㪇
䂾
䂾
䂾 䂾
㪩㫆㫎㪼㩷㩿㪈㪐㪐㪐㪀䂾䂾䂾 䂾 䂾 㪐㪇㪩㫌㫎㪸㪸㫉㪻㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㩷㩿㪉㪇㪇㪎㪀
䂾
䂾
䂾
䂾 㪊㪇
㪪㪿㪸㫉㫇㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㩷㩿㪈㪐㪏㪌㪀
䂾
䂾
䂾
䂾 㪈㪉㪇
㜞↰㩷ઁ㩷㩿㪉㪇㪇㪉㪀䂾 䂾 䂾㪬㫄㪸㫅㫆㪻㪸㫅㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㩷㩿㪉㪇㪇㪐㪀䂾䂾䂾 㪊㪇 䂾
㫍㪸㫅㩷㪩㪿㪼㫅㪼㫅㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㩷㩿㪉㪇㪇㪌㪀䂾䂾䂾 䂾 㪍㪇
㫍㪸㫅㩷㪪㫋㫉㪸㫋㪼㫅㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㩷㩿㪉㪇㪇㪏㪀䂾䂾㫍㫆㫅㩷㪙㪸㪼㫐㪼㫉㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㩷㩿㪈㪐㪏㪊㵨㪈㪐㪏㪋㪀 䂾㪍㪇䂾䂾㪰㫌㫅㪾㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㩷㩿㪉㪇㪇㪋㪀㪉㪇䂾䂾䂾㪱㫆㭸㫅㫀㪼㫉㪺㫑㫐㫂㪄㪱㫉㪼㪻㪸㩷㩿㪉㪇㪇㪌㪀㪊㪍㪇䂾䂾㪙㫀㫃㫃㫀㫅㪾㫊㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㩷㩿㪉㪇㪇㪏㪀

㪋

䂾
䂾
䂾

䂾
䂾
䂾
䂾
䂾
䂾
䂾

䂾
䂾
䂾
䂾
䂾
䂾

ᵈ 1㧕ਥⷐߥࠕ࠙࠻ࠞࡓߢ޽ࠆᔃℂ⊛ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕߩૐᷫߦലᨐ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ⎇ⓥߩߺࠍ᛽಴‫ޕ‬ᵈ 2㧕ផᅑ 1㧔ታᣉ࿁ᢙ㧕㧘ផᅑ 2㧔ࠤࠕߩឭଏ⠪㧕㧘ផᅑ 3㧔ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ᭴ᚑ㧕㧘ផᅑ 4㧔ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ⹏ଔߩ੐ᓟኻᔕ㧕㧘ផᅑ 5㧔ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩឭଏᒻᑼ㧕㧘ផᅑ 6㧔ࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߩ⸳ቯ㧕‫ޕ‬ᵈ 3㧕ࡅࡦ࠻ 1㧔ኻ⽎ߩ⸳ቯ㧕㧘ࡅࡦ࠻ 2㧔1 ࿁޽ߚࠅߩታᣉᤨ㑆㧕㧘ࡅࡦ࠻ 3㧔࠮࡞ࡈࠤࠕએᄖߩኻ╷ߣߩ⚵วߖ㧕㧘ࡅ
ࡦ࠻ 4㧔ᵴ↪ଦㅴߩߚ߼ߩᎿᄦ㧕‫ޕ‬ᵈ 4㧕࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦ 1 ࿁޽ߚࠅߩᚲⷐᤨ㑆㧔න૏㧦ಽ㧕ࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬−  −

ᒁ↪ᢥ₂㧔ઃ㍳ 2㧕
Aderman, M. and Tecklenburg, K., Effect of relaxation training on personal adjustment andperceptions of organizational climate. The Journal of psychology, 1983. 115(2): p. 185-91.
Alford, W.K., Malouff, J.M., and Osland, K.S., Written emotional expression as a coping method inchild protective services officers. International Journal of Stress Management, 2005. 12(2): p.
177-87.
Atlantis, E., Chow, C.M., Kirby, A., and Fiatarone Singh, M., An effective exercise-based intervention
for improving mental health and quality of life measures: a randomized controlled trial.
Preventive Medicine, 2004. 39(2): p. 424-34.
Bertoch, M.R., Nielsen, E.C., Curley, J.R., and Borg, W.R., Reducing teacher stress. The Journal of
Experimental Educational, 1989: p. 117-28.
Billings, D.W., Cook, R.F., Hendrickson, A., and Dove, D.C., A web-based approach to managing stressand mood disorders in the workforce. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2008.
50(8): p. 960-68.
Bond, F.W. and Bunce, D., Mediators of change in emotion-focused and problem-focused worksite
stress management interventions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 2000. 5(1): p.
156-63.
Cecil, M. A. and Forman, S. G., Effects of stress inoculation training and coworker support groups onteachers' stress. Journal of School Psychology, 1990. 28(2): p. 105-18.
Cohen-Katz, J., Wiley, S., Capuano, T., Baker, D.M., Deitrick, L., and Shapiro, S., The effects ofmindfulness-based stress reduction on nurse stress and burnout: a qualitative and quantitative
study, part III. Holistic nursing practice, 2005. 19(2): p. 78-86.
Cook, R.F., Billings, D.W., Hersch, R.K., Back, A.S., and Hendrickson, A., A field test of a web-based
workplace health promotion program to improve dietary practices, reduce stress, and increase
physical activity: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 2007. 9(2): p.
e17.
de Jong, G.M. and Emmelkamp, P.M.G., Implementing a Stress Management Training: Comparative
Trainer Effectiveness. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 2000. 5(2): p. 309-20.
Eisen, K.P., Allen, G.J., Bollash, M., and Pescatello, L.S., Stress management in the workplace: A
comparison of a computer-based and an in-person stress-management intervention. Computers in
Human Behavior, 2008. 24(2): p. 486-96.
Elliot, D.L., Goldberg, L., Duncan, T.E., Kuehl, K.S., Moe, E.L., Breger, R.K.R., DeFrancesco, C.L.,
Ernst, D.B., and Stevens, V.J., The PHLAME firefighters' study: feasibility and findings.
American Journal of Health Behaviour, 2004. 28(1): p. 13-23.
Flaxman, P.E. and Bond, F.W., A randomised worksite comparison of acceptance and commitment
therapy and stress inoculation training. Behav Res Ther, 2010. 48(8): p. 816-20.
Ganster, D.C., Mayes, B.T., Sime, W.E., and Tharp, G.D., Managing organizational stress: A field
experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1982. 67(5): p. 533-42.
Häfner, A. and Stock, A., Time management training and perceived control of time at work. J Psychol,2010. 144(5): p. 429-47.
Higgins, N.C., Occupational stress and working women: The effectiveness of two stress reduction
programs* 1. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 1986. 29(1): p. 66-78.
Horan, A.P., An effective workplace stress management intervention: Chicken Soup for the Soul atWork(tm) Employee Groups. Work: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment and Rehabilitation, 2002.
18(1): p. 3-13.

−  −

㝩㗡ᗲሶ, ၳආ, ᄢႦᵏᱜ, ࡐࠫ࠹ࠖࡉᣣ⸥ࠍ↪޿ߚഭ௛⠪ะߌ੺౉ߩലᨐ⹏ଔ ࡐࠫ࠹ࠖࡉᗵᖱߩᯏ⢻ߦ⌕⋡ߒߡ. ↥ᬺࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ⎇ⓥ, 2009. 16(3): p. 173-82.
Leung, S.S.K., Chiang, V.C.L., Chui, Y., Mak, Y., and Wong, D.F.K., A Brief Cognitive-behavioural
Stress Management Programme for Secondary School Teachers. Journal of Occupational Health,2011. 53(1): p. 23-35.
Lucini, D., Riva, S., Pizzinelli, P., and Pagani, M., Stress management at the worksite: reversal of
symptoms profile and cardiovascular dysregulation. Hypertension, 2007. 49(2): p. 291-97.
Mackenzie, C.S., Poulin, P.A., and Seidman-Carlson, R., A brief mindfulness-based stress reduction
intervention for nurses and nurse aides. Applied Nursing Research, 2006. 19(2): p. 105-09.
Maddi, S.R., Kahn, S., and Maddi, K.L., The effectiveness of hardiness training. Consulting Psychology
Journal: Practice and Research, 1998. 50(2): p. 78-86.
McCraty, R., Atkinson, M., and Tomasino, D., Impact of a workplace stress reduction program on bloodpressure and emotional health in hypertensive employees. The Journal of Alternative &Complementary Medicine, 2003. 9(3): p. 355-69.
Mino, Y., Babazono, A., Tsuda, T., and Yasuda, N., Can stress management at the workplace prevent
depression? A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 2000. 75(3): p.
177-82.
Murphy, L.R., Stress management in highway maintenance workers. Journal of Occupational andEnvironmental Medicine, 1984. 26(6): p. 436-42.
Pelletier, K.R., Rodenburg, A., Vinther, A., Chikamoto, Y., King, A.C., and Farquhar, J.W., Managing
job strain: a randomized, controlled trial of an intervention conducted by mail and telephone.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 1999. 41(4): p. 216-23.
Peters, R.K., Benson, H., and Porter, D., Daily relaxation response breaks in a working population: I.
Effects on self-reported measures of health, performance, and well-being. American Journal of
Public Health, 1977. 67(10): p. 946-53.
Peterson, U., Bergstr m, G., Samuelsson, M., sberg, M., and Nygren, Reflecting peeŕsupport groups
in the prevention of stress and burnout: randomized controlled trial. Journal of Advanced Nursing,2008. 63(5): p. 506-16.
Pipe, T.B., Bortz, J.J., Dueck, A., Pendergast, D., Buchda, V., and Summers, J., Nurse Leader
Mindfulness Meditation Program for Stress Management: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Journal of Nursing Administration, 2009. 39(3): p. 130-37.
Rahe, R.H., Taylor, C.B., Tolles, R.L., Newhall, L.M., Veach, T.L., and Bryson, S., A novel stress andcoping workplace program reduces illness and healthcare utilization. Psychosomatic Medicine,
2002. 64(2): p. 278-86.
Reynolds, S., Psychological well-being at work: is prevention better than cure? Journal of
Psychosomatic Research, 1997. 43(1): p. 93-102.
Rowe, M.M., Teaching health-care providers coping: results of a two-year study. Journal of behavioral
medicine, 1999. 22(5): p. 511-27.
Ruwaard, J., Lange, A., Bouwman, M., Broeksteeg, J., and Schrieken, B., E-mailed standardized
cognitive behavioural treatment of work-related stress: A randomized controlled trial. Cognitive
Behaviour Therapy, 2007. 36(3): p. 179-92.
Sharp, J.J. and Forman, S.G., A comparison of two approaches to anxiety management for teachers*.
Behavior Therapy, 1985. 16(4): p. 370-83.
㜞↰ᧂ㉿, ⒳Ꮢᐽᄥ㇢, ዊ᧖ᱜᄥ㇢, ⡯႐ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߦၮߠߊࠗࡦ࠹࡯ࠢ㕙ធ߇ᔃℂ⊛ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻
ᔕߦ෸߷ߔᓇ㗀. ↥ᬺࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ⎇ⓥ, 2002. 9(2): p. 115-21.
−  −

Umanodan, R., Kobayashi, Y., Nakamura, M., Kitaoka-Higashiguchi, K., Kawakami, N., and Shimazu,A., Effects of a Worksite Stress Management Training Program with Six Short-hour Sessions: A
Controlled Trial among Japanese Employees. Journal of Occupational Health, 2009. 51(4): p.
294-302.
Van Rhenen, W., Blonk, R.W.B., van der Klink, J.J.L., van Dijk, F.J.H., and Schaufeli, W.B., The effectof a cognitive and a physical stress-reducing programme on psychological complaints.
International archives of occupational and environmental health, 2005. 78(2): p. 139-48.
Van Straten, A., Cuijpers, P., and Smits, N., Effectiveness of a web-based self-help intervention for
symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical
Internet research, 2008. 10(1): p. e7.
Von Baeyer, C. and Krause, L., Effectiveness of stress management training for nurses working in aburn treatment unit. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 1983. 13(2): p. 113-26.
Yung, P., Fung, M.Y., Chan, T.M.F., and Lau, B.W.K., Relaxation training methods for nurse managers
in Hong Kong: a controlled study. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 2004. 13(4): p.
255-61.
Zonierczyk-Zreda, D., An intervention to reduce work-related burnout in teachers. International
Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics (JOSE), 2005. 11(4): p. 423-30.

−  −ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲෘ↢ഭ௛⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌ഭ௛቟ో✚ว⎇ⓥ੐ᬺ‫ޟ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᶐㅘᚻᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ‫ޠ‬㧔*ഭ௛৻⥸㧕ਥછ㧦Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ㧕ಽᜂ⎇ⓥႎ๔ᦠ

⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦࠃࠆ '$/ ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ㐿⊒㧦▤ℂ⋙〈⠪ᢎ⢒ߩ᥉෸࡮ᶐㅘ
ಽᜂ⎇ⓥ⠪ ႇ ᣿⚐ ↥ᬺක⑼ᄢቇ↥ᬺකታോ⎇ୃ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ᢎ᝼
⎇ⓥⷐᣦ㧦ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ߩ߭ߣߟߢ޽ࠆ▤ℂ⋙〈⠪ᢎ⢒ߦߟ޿ߡ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠߊ(EBM)ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߣࡑ࠾ࡘࠕ࡞ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ㧘ᧄᐕᐲߪ㧘߹ߕ㧘▤ℂ⋙〈⠪ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆEBMࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ㧘ᐔᚑ21ᐕᐲߦⴕߞߚ▤ℂ⋙〈⠪ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆലᨐ⹏ଔ⎇ⓥߩ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍၮߦේ᩺ࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ‫ߡ޿⛯ޕ‬㧘ේ᩺ߦኻߔࠆኾ㐷ኅߩᗧ⷗ࠍ⡞߈㧘▤ℂ⋙〈⠪⎇ୃࠍડ↹࡮ታᣉߔࠆߦ޽ߚߞߡ㧘ኻ⽎ߩㆬቯ㧘⎇ୃౝኈ࡮ᒻᑼ㧘⎇ୃ㗫ᐲ࡮ᦼ㑆ߩ3ߟߩⷐ⚛ߦߟ޿ߡ⎇ୃߩ᦭ലᕈ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ7ߟߩផᅑ㗄⋡ߣ㧘᦭ലᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆࠦࡦ࠮ࡦࠨࠬ߇ᓧࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ6ߟߩࡅࡦ࠻ࠍឭ␜ߒߚ‫ߪߢࡦࠗ࡜࠼ࠗࠟޕ‬㧘ߘࠇߙࠇߩᩮ᜚ߣࠦࡦ࠮
ࡦࠨࠬ߅ࠃ߮⎇ୃࠍታᣉߔࠆߦ޽ߚߞߡ૗ࠍߥߔߴ߈߆ࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ฦផᅑ㗄⋡ߣࡅࡦ࠻ߦߪ㧘ή૞ὑൻᲧセ⹜㛎ߩᚑᨐߦၮߠߊ㗄⋡㧔A㧕㧘ⷰኤ⎇ⓥߩᚑᨐߦၮߠߊ㗄⋡㧔B㧕㧘⎇ⓥᚑᨐߪߥ޿߽ߩ
ߩᄙߊߩኾ㐷ኅ߇᦭ലߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ㗄⋡㧔C㧕㧘ߩࠃ߁ߦᩮ᜚㧔ࠛࡆ࠺ࡦࠬ㧕ߩᒝߐߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦᔕߓ
ߚ࡜ࡦࠢࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬⎇ⓥදജ⠪ਛ᧛⡡ሶ㧔⚻࿅ㅪ቟ోⴡ↢ㇱળ㧘ᣣᧄࠕࠗ࡮ࡆ
࡯࡮ࠛࡓᩣᑼળ␠↥ᬺක㧕࿯⢈⺈ᄥ㇢㧔ਃ੗ൻቇᩣᑼળ␠ᧄ␠ஜᐽ▤ℂቶ㐳㧕ችᧄବ᣿㧔ᣂᣣᧄ⵾㐅ᩣᑼળ␠ำᵤ⵾㐅ᚲഭ௛࡮⾼⾈ㇱਥછක㐳㧕⷏ጊ๺ᐘ㧔᧲੩㔚ജᩣᑼળ␠᧲੩㔚ജᩣᑼળ␠
⷏Ἣജ੐ᬺᚲ✚ോㇱ㐳㧕ᱞ↰❥ᄦ㧔ਃ⪉ൻቇᩣᑼળ␠ੱ੐ㇱஜᐽᡰេ࠮
ࡦ࠲࡯GM㧕
ਃᩊਂౖ㧔ㄭ⇰ᄢቇᴺቇㇱಎᢎ᝼㧕  ᳰ↰ᥓሶ㧔↥ᬺක⑼ᄢቇ↥ᬺ଻ஜቇㇱ↥ᬺ࡮࿾ၞ⋴⼔ቇ⻠ᐳᢎ᝼㧕ේ⼱㓉ผ㧔⁛┙ⴕ᡽ᴺੱഭ௛቟ోⴡ↢✚ว⎇ⓥ
ᚲ ૞ᬺ᧦ઙㆡᔕ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊㇱ㐳㧕࿯ደ᡽㓶㧔ഭ௛቟ోⴡ↢✚ว⎇ⓥᚲ㧕ਅశノ৻㧔᧲੩ක⑼ᄢቇ౏ⴐⴡ↢ቇ⻠ᐳਥછᢎ᝼㧕ᄢ⼱↱⟤ሶ㧔᧲੩ක⑼ᄢቇ౏ⴐⴡ↢ቇ⻠ᐳ㧕ዊ↰ಾఝሶ㧔᧲੩ක⑼ᄢቇ౏ⴐⴡ↢ቇ⻠ᐳ㧕ౝጊ✍ሶ㧔᧲੩ක⑼ᄢቇ౏ⴐⴡ↢ቇ⻠ᐳ㧕Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ㧔᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼♖␹଻ஜቇಽ㊁ᢎ᝼㧕੗਄ᓆ⤿㧔᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼♖␹଻ஜቇಽ㊁㧕㚍ࡁᲑ᪸ਫ㧔᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼♖␹଻ஜቇಽ㊁㧕ศᎹ ᔀ㧔⽷࿅ᴺੱഭ௛⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ ೽ᚲ㐳㧕ፉᵤ᣿ੱ㧔᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼♖␹଻ஜቇಽ㊁ಎᢎ᝼㧕
A. ⎇ⓥ⋡⊛
ࠊ߇࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߪჇടߩ௑ะߦ޽ࠅ㧘ߘߩᧂὼ㒐ᱛ㧔╙৻ᰴ੍㒐㧕ߪ੐ᬺ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆஜᐽ▤ℂߩఝవ㗅૏ߩ㜞޿⺖㗴ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬ
ਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߣߒߡ㧘ഭ௛⠪߳ߩᢎ⢒⎇ୃ㧘
▤ℂ⋙〈⠪ߩᢎ⢒⎇ୃ㧘⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷ
ༀߪ㧘ߘߩ⑼ቇ⊛᦭ലᕈ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩ
ߩ㧔Ꮉ਄ઁ, 2008㧕㧘ᚒ߇࿖ߩ੐ᬺ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆߘ
ࠇߙࠇߩኻ╷ߩታᣉ₸ߪ㜞ߊߥ޿㧔ߘࠇߙࠇ 17,
11, 7㧑㧧ෘ↢ഭ௛⋭, 2010㧕‫ޕ‬੐ᬺ႐ߢࡔࡦ࠲࡞
ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ࠍផㅴߢ߈ߥ޿ℂ↱ߣߒߡ㧘ੱຬߩਇ⿷ߣߣ߽ߦ᜼ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆⷐ࿃ߪ㧘‫ޟ‬ขࠅ⚵ߺߩ઀ᣇ߇ಽ߆ࠄߥ޿‫߇ߣߎ߁޿ߣޠ‬᜼ߍࠄࠇߡ
޿ࠆ㧔ෘ↢ഭ௛⋭, 2010㧕‫⑼ޕ‬ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦࠃࠆࠟ
ࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩ૞ᚑ߿੐ᬺ႐ߢኈᤃߦታᣉߢ߈ࠆ
ࡑ࠾ࡘࠕ࡞ߩᢛ஻ߦࠃࠅ㧘ߎࠇࠄߩᵴേߩផㅴ
߇࿑ࠄࠇࠆߎߣ߇ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ߩ߭ߣߟߣߒߡᐢߊⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ▤ℂ⋙〈⠪
ᢎ⢒ߩ᦭ലᕈߪᔅߕߒ߽චಽߦߪᬌ⸽ߐࠇߡ޿

−  −

ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᐔᚑ 21 ᐕᐲߪ㧘▤ℂ⋙〈⠪ᢎ⢒ߦߟ޿ߡ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠߊ(EBM)ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦࠍ૞ᚑ
ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ㧘ౝᄖߩലᨐ⹏ଔ⎇ⓥࠍ
࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߒߚ‫ࠅࠃߦࠇߎޕ‬㧘▤ℂ⋙〈⠪⎇ୃߩࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ߿ࡑ࠾ࡘࠕ࡞૞ᚑߦᒰߚߞߡߪ㧘ᢎ⢒ߩఝవᐲߩ㜞޿㓸࿅ߩหቯ㧘ኻ⽎੐ᬺ႐ߩ࠾࡯࠭߿⁁ᴫߦὶὐࠍวࠊߖߚᢎ⢒࡮⎇ୃߩડ↹㧘ᢎ⢒߳ߩෳട₸ߩะ਄߳ߩᎿᄦ㧘ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ➅ࠅ㄰ߒឭଏ╬߇㧘ലᨐ⊛ߥᢎ⢒ߩߚ߼ߦᔨ 㗡 ߦ ⟎ ߊ ߴ ߈ 㗄 ⋡ ߣ ᕁ ࠊ ࠇ ߚ 㧔 Tsutsumi,
2011㧕‫ޕ‬2 ᐕ⋡ߦ޽ߚࠆᧄᐕᐲߪ㧘ߎࠇࠄ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߩ⚿ᨐࠍၮߦߒߡ㧘▤ℂ⋙〈⠪ᢎ⢒ߦߟ޿ߡ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠߊ(EBM)ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߎ
ߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬޽ࠆߎߣ߇␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ(Tsutsumiet al 2005)‫ޕ‬឵⸒ߔࠆߣ㧘▤ℂ⋙〈⠪ߩ޽ࠆ⒟ᐲߩෳട߇ߥ
޿ߣ⚵❱ో૕ߩലᨐߪ㒢ቯߐࠇࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ㧔Јࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ᩺㧝㧕‫ޕ‬ ዞᬺߩ⷗ㅢߒߦਇ቟߇޽ࠆ㓸࿅ߥߤ㧘▤ℂ⋙〈⠪⎇ୃߩലᨐ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ㓸࿅ߦߪ㧘ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆ⢛᥊߇޽ࠆ(Takao et
al 2006;Greenberg, 2006;Theorell, et al 2001;
Tsutsumi, et al 2005)㧔Јࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ᩺㧞㧘㧟㧕‫ޕ‬ ▤ℂ⡯ߣ޿ߞߡ߽㧘ㇱਅࠍᜬߟ▤ℂ⋙〈⠪߽޽ࠇ߫⚻༡ጀ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬೨⠪ߦኻߒߡㇱਅ߳ߩኻᔕ߿↥ᬺ଻ஜ⡯ߣߩㅪ៤ࠍᢎ⢒ߔࠆߎߣߪᗧ๧
߇޽ࠆ߇㧘ᓟ⠪ߦኻߒߡߪ㧘߻ߒࠈ␠ౝߩࠪࠬ
࠹ࡓߩ᭴▽ߦ㑐ࠊࠆℂ⸃ࠍᓧࠆᗧ⟵ߥߤ߇ᄢ߈޿ (ႇ 2007)㧔Јࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ᩺㧠㧕‫ޕ‬

B. ⎇ⓥᣇᴺ
ᐔᚑ 21 ᐕᐲߦⴕߞߚ▤ℂ⋙〈⠪ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆലᨐ⹏ଔ⎇ⓥߩ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍၮߦේ᩺ࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ‫ޕ‬⛯޿ߡ㧘ේ᩺ߦኻߔࠆኾ㐷ኅߩᗧ⷗ࠍ⡞߈ୃᱜࠍട߃ߡࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬⎇ୃౝኈ࡮ᒻᑼߦ㑐ߔࠆᬌ⸛ෘഭ⋭ߩ੐ᬺ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽ଻
ᜬჇㅴߩߚ߼ߩᜰ㊎ߦ␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ▤ℂ⋙〈⠪߇ ቇ ߱ ߴ ߈ ੐ 㗄 (Kawakami et al 2005;
Kawakami et al 2006; Takao et al 2006;
Tsutsumiet al 2005)㧘߅ࠃ߮㧘ઍ⴫⊛ߥ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬⷐ࿃߇⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߩᣇᴺߣߣ߽ߦᢎ
᝼ߐࠇࠆߎߣߩ᦭ലᕈ߇␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ
(Greenberg, 2006; Theorell, et al 2001)㧔Јࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ᩺㧡㧕‫ޕ‬⎇ୃലᨐߪ㧘▤ℂ⋙〈⠪ߩ⍮⼂ะ਄ߣᅢ߹ߒ޿
ⴕേᄌኈߦࠃࠅ߽ߚࠄߐࠇࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ(Tsutsumiet al 2005)㧔Јࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ᩺㧢㧕‫ޕ‬࠙ࠚࡉߩᵴ↪ߦࠃࠅ㧘୘೎ߩ㕙ធ߿㓸วᢎ⢒ߢ໧㗴ߣߥࠆᤨ㑆߿႐ᚲߩ೙⚂ࠍฃߌࠆߎߣߥߊ㧘ฃ⻠⠪ฦ⥄ߩࡍ࡯ࠬߢ㧘ᔅⷐߦᔕߓߡ➅ࠅ㄰ߒߡ ቇ⠌ ߇ น ⢻ ߣ ߥࠆ (Kawakami et al 2005;
Kawakami et al 2006)㧔Web ߪ㧘᦭ലߥᇦ૕ߣ
ߥࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆߣߒߡࡅࡦ࠻ߣߒߡ᛽಴㧕‫ޕ‬Ⓧᭂ⊛௑⡬ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ⻠⟵࡮ታ⠌߇ขࠅ౉ࠇࠄࠇ ߡ ޿ ࠆ (Takao et al 2006; ᴡ ፉ ࠄ
1996;Tsutsumiet al 2005)‫ޕ‬ㇱਅߩᛴ߃ࠆᖠߺ߿
♖␹⊛໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡ⡬߈㧘ᡰេߔࠆᘒᐲࠍ㙃ᚑߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆⓍᭂ⊛௑⡬ߩ⸠✵ߦࠃࠅ▤ℂ⋙〈⠪ߩㇱਅ߳ߩᘒᐲ߇ᅢ߹ߒߊᄌൻߔࠆߎߣ߇ႎ
๔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ(Kubota et al 1997; Kubota et al2004)‫ޕ‬ᒰೋߪ⸘ 30 ᤨ㑆ߩ⻠⠌ലᨐ߇␜ߐࠇߚ߇(Kubota et al 1997)㧘ᓟߦ㧘ࡠ࡯࡞ࡊ࡟ࠗߣࠣ
࡞࡯ࡊ࠺ࠖࠬࠞ࠶࡚ࠪࡦ߆ࠄߥࠄߥࠆ 1 ᣣࠦ࡯ࠬߩ⻠⠌ߩലᨐ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ (Kubota et al2004)‫ޕ‬C. ⎇ⓥ⚿ᨐ
1. ේ᩺ߩ૞ᚑ
ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ߩ߭ߣߟߢ޽ࠆ▤ℂ⋙〈⠪ᢎ⢒ߦߟ޿ߡౝᄖ
ߩലᨐ⹏ଔ⎇ⓥࠍ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߒߚ‫ޕ‬Pubmed㧘the
Cochrane Library㧘MEDLINE㧘Web of Science㧘කቇਛᄩ㔀⹹߆ࠄ㧘ㇱਅࠍ฽߻ᓥᬺຬߩᔃℂ⊛
ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕࠍࠕ࠙࠻ࠞࡓߣߔࠆ▤ℂ⋙〈⠪⎇ୃߩ ല ᨐ⹏ଔ ⎇ⓥ 9 ✬ ࠍ ᛽಴ߒ 㧘⹏ ଔ ߒߚ
(Tsutsumi, 2011)‫ޕ‬ో⥸⊛ߥലᨐ⹏ଔߣߒߡߪ㧘▤ℂ⋙〈⠪ߦࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߦ㑐ߔࠆᔅⷐߥᖱႎߣᛛⴚࠍឭଏ
ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘ዋߥߊߣ߽⍴ᦼ⊛ߦߪ㧘⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬⷐ࿃㧘ഭ௛⠪ߩ♖␹⊛ஜᐽ⁁ᘒ㧘ਇ⌁㧘߅ࠃ߮઀੐ߩࡄࡈࠜ࡯ࡑࡦࠬߦߟ޿ߡᅢ߹
ߒ޿ᓇ㗀߇ߺࠄࠇࠆߎߣ㧘ᚲ⷗ߪ✚ߓߡ઒⺑ࠍᡰᜬߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ߇㧘ή૞ὑൻᲧセ⹜㛎ߦ߅ߌࠆ᦭ᗧߥᚲ⷗ߪ㧘ࡊ࡜ࠗࡑ࡝ࠕ࠙࠻ࠞࡓߣ
ߪ⇣ߥࠆࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕ߿ࠨࡉ⸃ᨆߦ߅ߌࠆ⚿ᨐߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬એਅ㧘ኻ⽎ߦ㑐ߔࠆᬌ⸛㧘⎇ୃౝኈ࡮ᒻᑼߦ
㑐ߔࠆᬌ⸛㧘⎇ୃ࡮ലᨐ⹏ଔᦼ㑆ߦ㑐ߔࠆᬌ⸛ࠍၮߦ㧘ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩ߭ߥᒻࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ㧔⴫ 1㧕‫ޕ‬ኻ⽎ߦ㑐ߔࠆᬌ⸛
⎇ୃࠍฃߌࠆ▤ℂ⡯ߩഀว߇㜞޿߶ߤ᦭ലߢ

−  −

Ⓧᭂ⊛௑⡬⎇ୃߩ⋥ធߩലᨐ⹏ଔߪߥߐࠇߡ
޿ߥ޿߇㧘௑⡬ߩᘒᐲߣᛛⴚ߇㜞޿▤ℂ⋙〈⠪
ਅߦ޽ࠆഭ௛⠪ߪ㧘ߘ߁ߢߥ޿ഭ௛⠪ߣᲧセߒߡᔃℂ⊛ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕ߇⦟ᅢߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇␜ߐ
ࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔Mineyama et al 2007㧕㧔એ਄ࠃࠅ㧘
Ⓧᭂ⊛௑⡬ߪ㧘᦭ലߥ⎇ୃౝኈߣߥࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆߣߒߡࡅࡦ࠻ߣߒߡ᛽಴㧕‫ޕ‬⎇ୃ࡮ലᨐ⹏ଔᦼ㑆ߦ㑐ߔࠆᬌ⸛ోߡߩ⎇ⓥߪ 1 ᐕએౝߩᢎ⢒ߢ㧘ᦨᄢ 1 ᐕ㑆ߩലᨐ߇ㅊ〔ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬▤ℂ⋙〈⠪ߩ⍮⼂࡮ⴕേ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩᢎ⢒ലᨐߪඨ
ᐕ⒟ᐲߢᶖᄬߔࠆน⢻ᕈ߇␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ
(Nishiuchi et al 2007) 㧔Јࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ᩺㧣㧘㧤㧕‫ޕ‬ㆊᄙߥᖱႎ㊂ߪᢎ⢒ലᨐࠍᷫዋߐߖࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ(ႇ 2007)㧔Јࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ᩺㧥㧕‫ޕ‬
2. ኾ㐷ኅߦࠃࠆᗧ⷗ߦၮߠߊᡷቯ
ේ᩺ߦ᜼ߍࠄࠇߚ㗄⋡ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇߩ
ᩮ᜚ߣࠦࡦ࠮ࡦࠨࠬ߅ࠃ߮⎇ୃࠍታᣉߔࠆߦ޽
ߚߞߡ૗ࠍߥߔߴ߈߆ࠍ␜ߒߚࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦේ
᩺ࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ‫ࠍࠇߎޕ‬ኾ㐷ኅߦឭ␜ߒᡷ⦟ὐߦ
ߟ޿ߡߩᗧ⷗ࠍ޿ߚߛ޿ߚ㧔⴫ 2㧕‫ޕ‬ኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ▤ℂ࡮⋙〈⠪ࠍ᣿⏕ߦቯ⟵ߒߡ߅ߊᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ㧘ᢎ⢒࡮⎇ୃߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ▤ℂ⡯ࠍ㧘⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ߩࠠ࡯ࡄ࡯࠰ࡦߣߥࠆ࡜ࠗࡦ▤ℂ⡯ߦ㒢ቯߒߚ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ㧘ኾ㐷ኅߩ⚻㛎߆ࠄ㧘ෳടဳ⎇ୃߩ᦭ല଀߿ᒰ⹥੐ᬺ႐ߩ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ␜ߒߡ⎇ୃߔࠆߎߣ
ߩ᦭ലᕈ߇ᛲ㔺ߐࠇ㧘ᄙߊߩᡰᜬࠍᓧߚߎߣ߆
ࠄࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߦ⋓ࠅㄟ߻ߎߣߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬ࠛࡆ࠺ࡦࠬߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦၮߠ߈ RCT ߩᚑᨐߦࠃ
ࠆ߽ߩ㧔A㧕㧘ⷰኤ⎇ⓥߩᚑᨐߦࠃࠆ߽ߩ㧔B㧕㧘
ࠦࡦ࠮ࡦࠨࠬ࡟ࡌ࡞㧔C㧕ߩ࡜ࡦࠢࠍ␜ߔߎߣߣ
ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ട߃ߡ㧘ᗐቯߐࠇࠆࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩ૶↪⠪ࠍ↥ᬺ଻ஜࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߣⷙቯߒߚ‫ߦࠄߐޕ‬㧘▤ℂ⋙〈⠪⎇ୃߩ㊀ⷐᕈߣࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩᗧ⟵ࠍ␜ߒ㧘ቯ⟵ߩ޽޿߹޿ߥ↪⺆ߩ᣿⏕ൻߣᢛวᕈࠍ࿑ࠅ㧘ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦࠍቢᚑߒߚ㧔ઃ㧕‫ޕ‬D. ⠨ኤ ౝᄖߩലᨐ⹏ଔ⎇ⓥߩ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍၮߦ㧘▤ℂ⋙〈⠪ᢎ⢒ߦߟ޿ߡߩ EBM ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦࠍ૞
ᚑߒߚ‫ޕ‬ኻ⽎ߩㆬቯ㧘⎇ୃౝኈ࡮ᒻᑼ㧘⎇ୃ㗫ᐲ࡮ᦼ㑆ߩ 3 ߟߩⷐ⚛ߦߟ޿ߡ⎇ୃߩ᦭ലᕈ߇
⹺߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ 7 ߟߩផᅑ㗄⋡ߣ㧘᦭ലᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆࠦࡦ࠮ࡦࠨࠬ߇ᓧࠄࠇߚ 6 ߟߩࡅࡦ࠻ࠍឭ
␜ߒߚ‫ߪߢࡦࠗ࡜࠼ࠗࠟޕ‬㧘ߘࠇߙࠇߩᩮ᜚ߣ
ࠦࡦ࠮ࡦࠨࠬ߅ࠃ߮⎇ୃࠍታᣉߔࠆߦ޽ߚߞߡ
૗ࠍߥߔߴ߈߆ࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ฦផᅑ㗄⋡ߣࡅࡦ࠻ߦߪ㧘ή૞ὑൻᲧセ⹜㛎ߩᚑᨐߦၮߠߊ㗄⋡㧔A㧕㧘ⷰኤ⎇ⓥߩᚑᨐߦၮߠߊ㗄⋡㧔B㧕㧘⎇ⓥᚑᨐߪ
ߥ޿߽ߩߩᄙߊߩኾ㐷ኅ߇᦭ലߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ㗄⋡㧔C㧕㧘ߩࠃ߁ߦᩮ᜚ߩᒝߐߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦᔕߓߚ
࡜ࡦࠢࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߪ㧘⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ߣߒߡ㊀ⷐߥ▤ℂ⋙〈⠪⎇ୃࠍડ↹࡮ታᣉߔࠆ
㓙ߦផᅑߐࠇࠆ੐㗄ࠍឭଏߔࠆ߽ߩߣߒߡ㧘ਥߦ࡜ࠗࡦ▤ℂ⡯ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ▤ℂ⋙〈⠪ะߌࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬ⎇ୃߩડ↹࡮ታᣉߦ㧘⋥ធ࡮㑆ធߦ㑐ࠊࠆน⢻ᕈߩ޽ࠆ↥ᬺක㧘଻ஜᏧ㧘ⴡ↢▤ℂ⠪㧘ᔃߩஜᐽߠߊࠅኾ㐷ࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ߅ࠃ߮੐ᬺ
႐ౝᢎ⢒⎇ୃᜂᒰ⠪࡮ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬផㅴᜂᒰ
⠪╬ߦᵴ↪ߒߡ߽ࠄ߃ࠆࠃ߁ߎߣࠍᔨ㗡ߦ⟎޿ߡ૞ᚑߒߚ‫߆߶ߩߘޕ‬⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ
╷ߦ㑐ࠊࠆฦኾ㐷ᣉ⸳㧔࿾ၞ↥ᬺ଻ஜ࠮ࡦ࠲
࡯࡮↥ᬺ଻ஜផㅴ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧕ߩᜂᒰ⠪߿ THP ߩᔃℂ⋧⺣ᜂᒰ⠪╬߽ᵴ↪น⢻ߣ⠨߃ߚ‫ޕ‬ ▤ℂ⋙〈⠪⎇ୃߩലᨐ⹏ଔ⎇ⓥߪ߹ߛዋߥ޿
߽ߩߩ㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢ⚻㛎ࠍၮߦߥߐࠇߡ߈ߚ⎇ୃߦኻߒߡ㧘ዋߥߊߣ߽ࠛࡆ࠺ࡦࠬߩ޽ࠆ㗄⋡߿㧘ᄙߊߩኾ㐷ኅ߇᦭↪ߣߔࠆ㗄⋡ࠍឝタߒߚᧄࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߪ㧘ขࠅ⚵ߺᣇ߇ಽ߆ࠄߥ޿ߣߐࠇ
ࠆ੐ᬺ႐ߥߤߢ㧘ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐╷ߩផㅴߦ⾗ߔࠆ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬E. ⚿⺰⃻ᤨὐߢߩࠛࡆ࠺ࡦࠬߦၮߠߊ㧘ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ
࡞ࠬߦ㑐ߔࠆ▤ℂ⋙〈⠪ᢎ⢒ߩ EBM ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟ㧘ߐࠄߦታⴕน⢻ᕈ߇㜞߹ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᅢ੐଀ࠍㅊടߒߚࡑ࠾ࡘࠕ࡞ࠍ૞
ᚑߒ㧘৻ᰴ੍㒐ᵴേߦ⾗ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆ੍ቯߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧲. ஜᐽෂᯏᖱႎ ⹥ᒰߥߒ‫ޕ‬
G. ⎇ⓥ⊒⴫
1. ⺰ᢥ⊒⴫1) ႇ ᣿⚐㧦ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ߩ⃻⁁ߣ዁᧪㧙ౝᄖߩขࠅ⚵ߺࠍ〯߹߃ߡ㧚౏⋉⽷࿅ᴺੱᣣᧄ↢↥ᕈᧄㇱࡔࡦ࠲࡞࡮ࡋ࡞ࠬ⎇ⓥᚲ✬↥ᬺੱࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ
࡞ࠬ⊕ᦠ 2010 ᐕ 2010:105-115㧚

−  −

2)

Tsutsumi A. Development of anevidence-based guideline for supervisor
training in promoting mental health:literature review. J Occup Health2011:53;1-9.

3)ႇ ᣿⚐㧦⡯႐ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ߩ৻ᰴ੍㒐㧦ౝᄖߩേะ㧚ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ⑼ቇ㧔ශ೚ਛ㧕

2. ቇળ⊒⴫1) ႇ ᣿⚐㧦⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠߊ▤ℂ⋙〈⠪ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬᢎ⢒ߩࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗ
ࡦ㐿⊒ߦะߌߚ⺰ᢥ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯㧚╙ 83 ࿁ᣣᧄ↥ᬺⴡ↢ቇળ 2010 ᐕ 5 ᦬㧘⑔੗㧚2) ႇ ᣿⚐㧦⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠߊ▤ℂ⋙〈⠪ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬᢎ⢒ߩࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗ
ࡦߩ㐿⊒㧚╙ 20 ࿁ᣣᧄ↥ᬺⴡ↢ቇળ↥ᬺක࡮↥ᬺ⋴⼔ో࿖ද⼏ળ 2010 ᐕ 10᦬㧘ᧅᏻ㧚
H. ⍮⊛⽷↥ᮭߩ಴㗿࡮⊓㍳⁁ᴫ
1. ․⸵ขᓧ ߥߒ
2. ታ↪ᣂ᩺⊓㍳ ߥߒ
3. ߘߩઁ
 ߥߒI.ᒁ↪ᢥ₂࡝ࠬ࠻
Greenberg, J. (2006). Losing sleep overorganizational injustice: attenuating
insomniac reactions to underpayment
inequity with supervisory training ininteractional justice. J Appl Psychol, 91(1),58-69.
Kawakami, N., Kobayashi, Y., Takao, S., &Tsutsumi, A. (2005). Effects of web-based
supervisor training on supervisor support
and psychological distress among
workers: A randomized controlled trial.
Preventive Medicine, 41(2), 471-478.
Kawakami, N., Takao, S., Kobayashi, Y., &Tsutsumi, A. (2006). Effects of web-based
supervisor training on job stressors andpsychological distress among workers: A
workplace-based randomized controlled
trial. Journal of Occupational Health, 48,
28-34.
Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ㧘ፉᵤ᣿ੱ㧘࿯ደ᡽㓶㧘ႇ ᣿⚐㧦↥ᬺࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷㧦⑼ቇ
⊛ᩮ᜚ߩ⃻⁁ߣߘߩᔕ↪㧚↥ᬺකቇ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ 2008;20 (4):175-196.
ᴡፉ⟤ᨑሶ, Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ, ᪊రᱞ, ᨋ೰ม, &⨹⸥ବ৻. (1996). ਄มᢎ⢒ߦࠃࠆࠬ࠻࡟
ࠬኻ╷ߩലᨐ⹏ଔ㧦ᛥ߁ߟ∝⁁߅ࠃ߮ⴊ࿶ߦ෸߷ߔᓇ㗀. ↥ᬺ♖␹଻ஜ, 4,124.
ෘ↢ഭ௛⋭㧦ᐔᚑ19ᐕഭ௛⠪ஜᐽ⁁ᴫ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐߩ᭎ᴫ.
http://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/itiran/roud
ou/saigai/anzen/kenkou07/index.html.
Accessed Feburary 28, 2011.
Kubota, S., Mishima, N., Ikemi, A., & Nagata, S.
(1997). A research in the effects of active
listening on corporate mental health training.
Journal of Occupational Health, 39(4),274-279.
Kubota, S., Mishima, N., & Nagata, S. (2004). A
study of the effects of active listening onlistening attitudes of middle managers.
Journal of Occupational Health, 46(1),60-67.
Mineyama, S., Tsutsumi, A., Takao, S., Nishiuchi, K.,& Kawakami, N. (2007). Supervisors'
Attitudes and Skills for Active Listening
with Regard to Job Stress and PsychologicalStress Reactions among Subordinate
Workers. Journal of Occupational Health,49(2), 81-87.
Nishiuchi, K., Tsutsumi, A., Takao, S., Mineyama, S.,& Kawakami, N. (2007). Effects of an
Education Program for Stress Reduction on
Supervisor Knowledge, Attitudes, andBehavior in the Workplace: A Randomized
Controlled Trial. Journal of Occupational
Health, 49(3), 190-198.
Takao, S., Tsutsumi, A., Nishiuchi, K., Mineyama, S.,& Kawakami, N. (2006). Effects of thesupervisor education for job stress on
psychological distress and job performance
among their immediate subordinates: A
supervisor-based randomized controlled trial.
Journal of Occupational Health, 48(6),494-503.
Theorell, T., Emdad, R., Arnetz, B., & Weingarten, A.
(2001). Employee effects of an educational
program for managers at an insurancecompany. Psychosomatic Medicine, 63(5),724-733.
Tsutsumi A. Development of an evidence-based
guideline for supervisor training in−  −

promoting mental health: literature review. J
Occup Health 2011:53;1-9.
Tsutsumi, A., Takao, S., Mineyama, S., Nishiuchi,
K., Komatsu, H., & Kawakami, N. (2005).
Effects of a supervisory education for
positive mental health in the workplace: A

quasi-experimental study. Journal of
Occupational Health, 47(3), 226-235.
ႇ ᣿⚐. (2007). ↥ᬺ♖␹଻ஜࡑ࠾ࡘࠕ࡞,ᣣᧄ↥ᬺ♖␹଻ஜቇળ✬㧘ਛጊᦠᐫ㧦185-92.

−  −

⴫㧝ᢥ₂࡟ࡆࡘ࡯߆ࠄ᛽಴ߐࠇߚࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩ߭ߥᒻ
1. ోߡߩ▤ℂ⡯ߦࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬ⎇ୃࠍታᣉߔࠆߎߣ߇ផᅑߐࠇࠆ‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㧘ᢎ⢒߳ߩෳട₸ߩะ਄߳ߩᎿᄦ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆ
2.

ᢎ⢒ߩఝవᐲߩ㜞޿㓸࿅ࠍหቯߒ㧘⎇ୃࠍⴕ߁3.

ኻ⽎੐ᬺ႐ߩ࠾࡯࠭߿⁁ᴫߦὶὐࠍวࠊߖߚ⎇ୃࠍડ↹ߔࠆ

4.

⎇ୃౝኈߪߘߩᔅⷐᕈߦࠃߞߡኻ⽎▤ℂ⡯ߩ㓏ጀಽߌࠍⴕ߁

5.

⎇ୃౝኈߦߪ㧘੐ᬺ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽ଻ᜬჇㅴߩߚ߼ߩᜰ㊎ߢផᅑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ੐㗄߅ࠃ߮ઍ⴫⊛ߥ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬⷐ࿃ߦ㑐ߔࠆ੐㗄ࠍ฽߼ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆ

6.

▤ℂ⋙〈⠪ߩⴕേᄌኈࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ⎇ୃࠍⴕ߁ࠃ߁ߦߔࠆ

7.

▤ℂ⡯ᢎ⢒ߪ৻ᐲߛߌߢߥߊ㧘ⶄᢙ࿁➅ࠅ㄰ߒߡታᣉߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ߒ޿

8.

▤ℂ⡯⋙〈⠪ߪ㧘ߢ߈ࠇ߫㧝ᐕߦ㧝࿁⎇ୃࠍฃߌࠆߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ߒ޿

9.

ᢎ⢒ౝኈࠍᢙ࿁ߦಽߌߡࠬ࠹࠶ࡊࠕ࠶ࡊߒߡ޿ߊ⸘↹ࠍ┙ߡࠆߎߣ߽ࠃ޿

⴫㧞ේ᩺ߦኻߒߡኾ㐷ኅ߆ࠄ಴ߐࠇߚᡷ⦟ᗧ⷗
ኻ⽎࡮↪⺆ߩቯ⟵ࠍ᣿⏕ߦߔࠆߎߣ㧔▤ℂ⡯ߪ㧘࡜ࠗࡦߩ▤ℂ⡯ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ㧕ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ࡟ࡌ࡞ࠍ A, B, C, 3 ࡜ࡦࠢ⒟ᐲߦಽߌߡ⴫␜ߔࠆߎߣ
⺒߻⠪߇ᷙੂߒߥ޿ࠃ߁㧘㗄⋡ߩਗߴᣇߦ⇐ᗧߔࠆߎߣ
⎇ୃࠍฃߌߚ▤ℂ⋙〈⠪ߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆⴕേᄌኈࠍࠛࡆ࠺ࡦࠬ߆ࠄ᛽಴ߒߡ଀␜ߔࠆߎߣ
ࠦࡦ࠮ࡦࠨࠬ࡮ࡌ࡯ࠬߩផᅑ㗄⋡ߣߒߡ᜼ߍࠆߣࠃ޿߽ߩߣߒߡ㧦ࠛࡆ࠺ࡦࠬߣߒߡߪ᜼ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ޿߇㧘ળ␠ߩ૕೙ߦ㑐ߔࠆߎߣߪᔅ㗇ߩ⎇ୃ੐㗄ߢ޽ࠆ⥄␠㧔ߩ㓸࿅㧕ߩᖱႎࠍឭ␜ߔࠆߣࠃ޿

−  −

−  −

−  −

−  −

−  −

−  −

−  −

−  −ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲෘ↢ഭ௛⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌ഭ௛቟ో✚ว⎇ⓥ੐ᬺ‫ޟ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᶐㅘᚻᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ‫ޠ‬㧔*ഭ௛৻⥸㧕ਥછ㧦Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ㧕ಽᜂ⎇ⓥႎ๔ᦠ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦࠃࠆ '$/ ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ㐿⊒㧦⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߩ᥉෸࡮ᶐㅘ
⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀࡑ࠾ࡘࠕ࡞ߩ૞ᚑ࡮ᅢ੐଀ߩ෼㓸ಽᜂ⎇ⓥ⠪ ศᎹ ᔀ ⽷࿅ᴺੱഭ௛⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ࡮೽ᚲ㐳⎇ⓥදജ⠪ ࿯ደ᡽㓶 ᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ቴຬ⎇ⓥຬ
⎇ⓥදജ⠪ ዊᧁ๺ቁ ⽷࿅ᴺੱഭ௛⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ࡮⎇ⓥਥᐙ

⎇ⓥⷐᣦ㧦ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߦ߅ߌࠆ⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀࠍኈᤃߦ
ታᣉߔࠆߚ߼ߩࡑ࠾ࡘࠕ࡞࡮⾗ᢱ૞ᚑߩߚ߼ߩၮ␆⾗ᢱߣߒߡ‫ *ޔ‬ᐕᐲߦ૞ᚑߒߚ࿖ౝᄖߩᢥ
₂࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߦၮߠ޿ߡ૞ᚑߒߚ⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߦ㑐ߔࠆ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠߊ '$/ ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ᩺ࠍ‫⃻ޔ‬႐ߢ೑↪ߒ߿ߔ޿ࠃ߁ߦୃᱜߒߚ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ‫ *ޔ‬ᐕᐲߦ૞ᚑߒߚ  㗄⋡᩺ࠍ߽ߣߦ‫↥ޔ‬ᬺ♖␹଻ஜ‫ੱޔ‬㑆Ꮏቇ‫ޔ‬ᔃℂቇ‫∉ޔ‬ቇ‫⼔⋴ޔ‬ቇ‫▤↢ⴡޔ‬ℂ⠪‫↥ޔ‬ᬺ଻ஜߩ⃻႐ታോ⠪‫ޔ‬ડᬺࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߣߩวหࡒ࡯࠹ࠖࡦࠣࠍ㐿௅ߒ‫ߩࡦࠗ࡜࠼ࠗࠟޔ‬ᢥ㕙ߩୃᱜ‫ޔ‬ౝኈߩ⏕⹺‫ޔ‬ታ࿾⚻㛎ߦ߽ߣߠߊࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ߳ߩࠦࡔࡦ࠻ࠍ߽ߣ߼‫ୃޔ‬ᱜࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ‫⃻ޔߚ߹ޕ‬႐ߢታ㓙ߦ೑↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߦ㑐ㅪߒߚ੺౉੐଀ࠍ෼㓸ߒ‫ୃࡦࠗ࡜࠼ࠗࠟޔ‬ᱜߦᔕ↪ߢ߈ࠆὐ߇ߥ޿߆ᬌ⸛ߒߚ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬ᨐ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᶐㅘᚻᴺߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߩ᥉෸࡮ᶐㅘߦ޽ߚߞߡ೑↪ߢ߈ࠆࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߣߒߡ‫ߩ ޔ‬ዊ㗄⋡‫ߩߟ ޔ‬ᄢ㗄⋡߆ࠄߥࠆࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ᩺ࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ‫ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬㧝㧕ᣇ㊎࡮⸘↹࡮⚵❱ߟߊࠅ㧔⋡⊛ߩ᣿⏕ൻ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ᚻᴺ‫ࠅߊߟ❱⚵ޔ‬㧕‫ޔ‬㧞㧕ታᣉᚻ㗅ߩၮᧄ࡞࡯࡞㧔⦟ᅢ੐଀ߩ
ᵴ↪‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ෳടဳߩડ↹‫ޔ‬ᄙ㕙ᄙ㊀࡝ࠬࠢߦ⋡㈩ࠅ㧕‫ޔ‬㧟㧕ታⴕᕈߩ޽ࠆㆇ↪ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔⃻࿾ൻ࡮ࡠ࡯ࠞ࡞ൻ‫࡞࡯࠷ޔ‬ឭଏ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ഭ௛᧦ઙᡷༀߣหᤨᡷༀ㧕㧠㧕ࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊߩ઀⚵ߺߣ⹏ଔ㧔ࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊ⸘↹‫⹏ޔ‬ଔߣ㗼ᓆ㧕ߦ߹ߣ߼ߚ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟ‫⑼ޔ‬ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ 'XKFGPEGDCUGF'XKFGPEG
KPHQTOGF ࠍᢛℂߒ‫⃻ޔ‬႐ታ࿾ࠍ⚻ߡ‫⃻ޔ‬႐ߢ೑↪ߒ߿ߔ޿ᒻߦᢛℂߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎࠇ߹ߢ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺߩᡷༀࠍㅢߓߚࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ
#⎇ⓥ⋡⊛ኻ╷ߩലᨐߦߟ޿ߡߪᔅߕߒ߽⚿⺰߇ߢߡ޿ࠊ߇࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ
ߥ޿߇‫᦭ޔ‬ലᕈࠍ␜ߔ⎇ⓥᚑᨐ߇⫾Ⓧߐࠇߟߟ⺞ߪჇടߩ௑ะߦ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩஜᐽߩ଻ᜬ࡮
޽ࠅ‫ߩߘߚ߹ޔ‬ታᣉߪផᅑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ Ꮉ਄ઁ‫ޔ‬Ⴧㅴ‫ޔ‬੐ᬺ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ቟ో࡮↢↥ᕈߩ⏕଻ߩⷰ↥ᬺකቇ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯‫ ޕ ޔ‬ᐕߦߪ‫⋧ޔ‬ᰴὐ߆ࠄ‫ᧂߩߘޔ‬ὼ㒐ᱛ㧔╙৻ᰴ੍㒐㧕ߪഭ૶෺޿ߢ⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߩലᨐߦ㑐ߔࠆ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯⺰ᣇߦߣߞߡఝవ㗅૏ߩ㜞޿⺖㗴ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢥ߇⊒⴫ߐࠇ㧔'ICPGVCN  .COQPVCIPGߒ߆ߒ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ
GVCN  㧕‫⎇౉੺ޔ‬ⓥߦࠃࠆലᨐߩᏅ⇣੍㒐ߣߒߡ⑼ቇ⊛᦭ലᕈ߇⏕⹺㧔Ꮉ਄ઁ↥ᬺ
߇ᢛℂߐࠇߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬ᚒ߇࿖ߢߪ⡯႐Ⅳකቇ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯㧕ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆഭ௛⠪߳ߩᢎႺᡷༀߩߚ߼ߩ࠷࡯࡞ߣߒߡ‫ࠬ࡞ࡋ࡞࠲ࡦࡔޔ‬⢒⎇ୃ‫▤ޔ‬ℂ⋙〈⠪ߩᢎ⢒⎇ୃ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢ࡝ࠬ࠻㧔ศᎹ߶߆ 㧕⹏ଔߣᡷༀߪ‫ޔ‬ᚒ߇࿖ߩ੐ᬺ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆታᣉ₸ߥߤ߇㐿⊒ߐࠇ‫ࠍ╬࡞࡯࠷ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᵴ↪ߒߚߪߘࠇߙࠇ 㧑ߣ㜞ߊߥ޿㧔ᐔᚑ ⡯႐੺౉⎇ⓥ߇ⴕࠊࠇ‫⑼ߩߘޔ‬ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚߇⫾Ⓧ
ᐕഭ௛⠪ஜᐽ⁁ᴫ⺞ᩏ㧕‫ޕ‬੐ᬺ႐ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ࡔޔ‬ߐࠇߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ㧔-QDC[CUJK;GVCN
ࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ࠍផㅴߢ߈ߥ޿ℂ↱ߣߒߡ㧘
6UWVUWOK#GVCN㧕‫⑼ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ቇ⊛ᩮੱຬߩਇ⿷ߣߣ߽ߦ᜼ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆⷐ࿃ߪ㧘᜚ߦ߅޿ߡߤߩࠃ߁ߥ⚵❱੺౉߇ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ
‫ޟ‬ขࠅ⚵ߺߩ઀ᣇ߇ಽ߆ࠄߥ޿‫߇ߣߎ߁޿ߣޠ‬࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ৻ᰴ੍㒐╷ߣߒߡ᦭ലߢ޽ߞߚ߆‫ޔ‬᜼ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔ᐔᚑ  ᐕഭ௛⠪ஜᐽ⁁ᴫ⺞ᦨㄭ⊒⴫ߐࠇߚᧄ⺖㗴ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⍮⷗ࠍᢛℂߔᩏ㧕‫⑼ޕ‬ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦࠃࠆࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩ૞ᚑ߿
ࠆߎߣߩᗧ⟵ߪᄢ߈޿‫ޕ‬੐ᬺ႐ߢኈᤃߦታᣉߢ߈ࠆࡑ࠾ࡘࠕ࡞ߩᢛ஻
৻ᣇ‫ޔ‬ᚒ߇࿖ߢߪᦨㄭ‫⃻ޔ‬႐ߩ↥ᬺ଻ஜࠬ࠲
ߦࠃࠅ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᵴേߩផㅴ߇࿑ࠄࠇࠆߎߣ߇
࠶ࡈߩ⚻㛎߿⡯႐ߩ⚻㛎ߦၮߠߊ‫ࡋ࡞࠲ࡦࡔޔ‬ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬−  −

࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩᡷༀߩߚ߼ߩ⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߩขࠅ
⚵ߺ੐଀߇ᄙߊႎ๔ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ߈ߚ
㧔ႇ‫ޔ‬ဈ↰‫ޔ‬ᒫ౷‫ ޔ‬ᷰㄝ‫ޔ‬㧧ศᎹ‫ޔ‬㧧⌀⦁ 㧧1ICOK㧧
6CJCTC ߥߤ㧕‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ႎ๔ߪ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߢขࠅ⚵߻ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ৻ᰴ੍㒐╷ࠍㅴ߼ࠆ⦟ᅢታ〣੐଀ߢ޽ࠅ‫ᦨޔ‬ㄭߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ㊀ⷞߩ↥ᬺ቟ో଻ஜᵴേߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ࠍขࠅ਄ߍࠆ㓙‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬੺౉ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ┙᩺‫ޔ‬ታᣉ‫⹏ޔ‬ଔߦߪ‫ޔ‬⡯႐
ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀࠍ◲ଢߦኈᤃߦታᣉߒ߿
ߔߊߔࠆᄙߊߩ⚻㛎⍮߇⫾Ⓧߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ߘߎߢ‫ޔ‬ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲߪഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ
࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߦ߅ߌࠆ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀࠍኈᤃߦታᣉߔࠆߚ߼ߩࡑ࠾ࡘࠕ
࡞࡮⾗ᢱ૞ᚑߩߚ߼ߩၮ␆⾗ᢱߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬࿖ౝᄖ
ߩᢥ₂࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍⴕߥ޿‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߦ㑐ߔࠆ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠߊ '$/ ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ᩺ࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ‫ޕ‬⡯႐ⅣႺߩᡷༀ㧔⚵❱ߩౣ⚵❱ൻ㧕߇ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ⷐ࿃ߣஜᐽⷐ࿃ߦਈ߃
ࠆᓇ㗀ࠍ⹏ଔߒߚ  ߟߩ♽⛔⊛࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߩ 
ᢥ₂ߦ‫ᦨޔ‬ㄭߩ  ᢥ₂ࠍട߃ߚ  ᢥ₂ࠍ᛽಴ߒ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩᡷༀߩലᨐ⹏ଔߦ↪޿ࠆᜰᮡߣ੺౉ౝኈߥߤࠍ⹏ଔߒߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᚒ߇࿖ߢߩ
ᢥ₂࡮੐଀ႎ๔  ✬ߦߟ޿ߡ‫⦟ߩߘޔ‬ᅢታ〣੐଀߆ࠄ⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߩ᥉෸࡮ᶐㅘ
ߦ᦭↪ߥᖱႎࠍ᛽಴ߒ‫ߥ߭ߩࡦࠗ࡜࠼ࠗࠟޔ‬ᒻࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ߘߩ⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬Ყセኻᾖ⎇ⓥߩ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯߆ࠄߪ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߩᗧᕁ᳿ቯࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߦ߅ߌࠆഭ
௛⠪ߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ᐲߩᡷༀߣᓥᬺຬෳട㧔ᓥᬺຬෳടဳߩ⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀ㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬ㇱಽ⊛ߦஜᐽᜰᮡࠍᡷༀߔࠆ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚߇᣿ࠄ߆ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ߚߛߒ‫⚻ޔ‬༡วℂൻߥߤߩ㓙ߦⴕࠊࠇࠆᓥᬺຬ
ෳടဳߩᡷༀߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᔅߕߒ߽ஜᐽᜰᮡߩᡷༀല
ᨐ߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆࠊߌߢߪߥߊ‫ߦ⊛⥸৻ޔ‬ᖡ޿ഭ௛᧦ઙߦࠃࠆஜᐽᖡᓇ㗀߆ࠄഭ௛⠪ࠍ଻⼔ߢ߈ࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬૞ᬺ⺖㗴ߩౣ᭴▽㧔࠲ࠬࠢ࡟ࡌ࡞ᄙ⢻Ꮏൻ‫ޔ‬ᮭ㒢ߩઃਈ‫ޔ‬૞ᬺ࠴࡯ࡓ
ౣ✬ᚑ‫ߩࡦࠗ࡜↥↢ޔ‬ᄌᦝߥߤ㧕ߪഭ௛⠪ߩ‫ⷐޟ‬᳞ᐲ‫ࠍޠ‬Ⴧᄢߐߖ‫࡞࡯ࡠ࠻ࡦࠦޟ‬ᗵ‫ࠍޠ‬ᷫዋߐߖ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩஜᐽᜰᮡࠍᖡൻߐߖࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⡯႐ߩⅣႺᡷༀߩᗧᕁ᳿ቯߦഭ௛⠪ෳടߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ߇޽ࠆ੺౉ߩ႐วߪ‫ޔ‬ஜᐽߣᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ᜰᮡߩᡷༀߩࠛࡆ࠺ࡦࠬߪ㜞޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߚ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬࿖ౝᄖߢዷ㐿ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆෳടဳ࡮⥄ਥኻᔕဳ⡯႐ᡷༀࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ╬ߩ੐଀ಽᨆ߆
ࠄ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩᄙ㊀࡮ᄙ㕙ߥᔃりਔ㕙ߦࠊߚࠆࠬ࠻
࡟ࠬⷐ࿃ߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ෳടߩ߽ߣ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩਥ૕⊛ߥขࠅ⚵ߺࠍᡰេߔࠆ⋡ᮡ⸳ቯࠍⴕ޿‫ޔ‬ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ⷐ࿃߿ᔃり⽶ᜂⷐ࿃ߩᄙ㗔ၞᡷༀࠍขࠅ਄ߍ‫ޔ‬ᡷༀႎ๔ળߦࠃࠆ⛮⛯ᡷༀߩ઀⚵ߺ
ࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆߎߣ߇ᐢߊታᣉߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇
⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߩߚ߼ߩ
ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ࡮ࡑ࠾ࡘࠕ࡞૞ᚑߦ޽ߚߞߡߪ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛቟ోⴡ↢ࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߦ๭ᔕߒ
ߚᔃߩஜᐽ૞ࠅ⸘↹ࠍⴕߥ߁ߎߣ߿‫⥄ޔ‬ਥኻᔕ↥ᬺ቟ో଻ஜᵴേߦ⇐ᗧߔࠆߎߣ߽㊀ⷐߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆߣᢛℂߢ߈ߚ‫ߦ⊛⚳ᦨޕ‬㧔ᢥ₂㧝㧕‫ޕ‬ ߘߎߢ‫ᧄޔ‬ಽᜂ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀࠍኈᤃߦታᣉߔࠆߚ߼ߩࡑ࠾ࡘࠕ࡞࡮⾗ᢱࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߚ߼ߩၮ␆⾗ᢱߟߊࠅࠍ⋡ᮡߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲߪ‫ ޔ‬ᐕ⎇ⓥߩ  ᐕ⋡ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߦߟ޿ߡ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠߊ '$/ ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߎߣ
⋡⊛ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ౝᄖߩലᨐ⹏ଔ⎇ⓥߥߤߩ࡟ࡆࡘ
࡯ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬$⎇ⓥᣇᴺ
㧝㧚ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩ૞ᚑᣇᴺ ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲ⎇ⓥߦⴕࠊࠇߚᢥ₂࡟ࡆࡘ࡯⚿ᨐߦၮߠ޿ߡ૞ᚑߐࠇߚ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ 'XKFGPEGDCUGF'XKFGPEGKPHQTOGF ߦၮߠߊ  㗄⋡ߩ‫ޟ‬⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߦ㑐ߔࠆࠟࠗ࠼
࡜ࠗࡦ㧔⴫㧝㧕ߦ߽ߣߠ߈‫ ޔ‬㗄⋡᩺ࠍ߽ߣߦ↥ᬺ♖␹଻ஜ‫ੱޔ‬㑆Ꮏቇ‫ޔ‬ᔃℂቇ‫∉ޔ‬ቇ‫⋴ޔ‬⼔ቇ‫▤↢ⴡޔ‬ℂ⠪‫↥ޔ‬ᬺ଻ஜߩ⃻႐ታോ⠪‫ޔ‬ડᬺࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߣߩวหࡒ࡯࠹ࠖࡦࠣࠍ㐿௅ߒ෻ᤋߐߖࠆߴ߈ⷞὐࠍᢛℂߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᬌ⸛ߩ႐ߪ
 ᐕ  ᦬‫ ޔ‬ᐕ  ᦬ߦ⸳ߌߚ‫ޕ‬ ߘߩ㓙‫'ޔ‬ICPGVCN  ߣ .COQPVCIPGGV
CN  ߩ♽⛔⊛࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߢᓧࠄࠇߚ  ᢥ₂ߦ‫ ޔޔ‬ᐕߦ⊒⴫ߐࠇߚ -QDC[CUJK;
GVCN  ‫ ޔ‬6UWVUWOK#GVCN ߩ  ᢥ₂ࠍട߃‫ޔ‬ว⸘  ઙߩ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦ
ၮߠߊᢥ₂ߩ⍮⷗‫ޔ‬ᚒ߇࿖ߢႎ๔ߐࠇߚ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߩ⺰ᢥ‫ޔ‬੐଀ႎ๔ࠍ〯߹߃ߡ‫ᦨޔߟ߆ޔ‬ㄭߩഭ௛቟ోⴡ↢ࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩㆇ↪
߿ෳടဳ⥄ਥኻᔕဳߩ቟ోⴡ↢ᵴേߦ⇐ᗧߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߩ᥉෸࡮ᶐㅘ
ߦ᦭↪ߥࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩ߭ߥᒻࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆⷞ
ὐߢ‫ޔ‬ᢥ㕙ߩୃᱜࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬㧞㧚⃻႐ᖱႎߩ෼㓸ߣ੺౉࠷࡯࡞ߩ૞ᚑ ⃻႐ߢታ㓙ߦ೑↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߦ㑐ㅪߒߚ੺౉੐଀ࠍ෼㓸ߒ‫ୃࡦࠗ࡜࠼ࠗࠟޔ‬ᱜߦᔕ↪ߢ߈ࠆὐ߇ߥ޿߆ᬌ⸛ߒߚ‫ޕ‬%⎇ⓥ⚿ᨐ㧝㧚ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ߭ߥᒻߩ૞ᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬‫ ޔ‬ᐕ  ᦬ߦⴕࠊࠇߚ‫↥ޔ‬ᬺ♖␹଻ஜ‫ੱޔ‬㑆Ꮏቇ‫ޔ‬ᔃℂቇ‫∉ޔ‬ቇ‫⼔⋴ޔ‬ቇ‫ޔ‬−  −

ⴡ↢▤ℂ⠪‫↥ޔ‬ᬺ଻ஜߩ⃻႐ታോ⠪‫ޔ‬ડᬺࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߣߩวหࡒ࡯࠹ࠖࡦࠣࠍ㐿௅ߒ෻ᤋߐߖ
ࠆߴ߈ⷞὐࠍᢛℂߒߚ⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬ᄢ㗄⋡ߩ⸳⟎‫ޔ‬ዊ㗄⋡ߩᢥ㕙ߩୃᱜ‫ߩࠬࡦ࠺ࡆࠛޔ‬ᒁ↪ߩᣇᴺߥ
ߤ߇ᜰ៰߇޽ࠅ‫⴫ޔ‬㧞ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߥࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗ
ࡦࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ‫⾗ࠍࡦࠗ࡜࠼ࠗࠟߚߒ࠻ࡈ࡜࠼ޕ‬ᢱ㧝ߦᷝઃߒߚ‫ޕ‬࿖ౝߩขࠅ⚵ߺߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ቇⴚ⹹ߦ‫੍ࠬ࡟࠻ࠬޟ‬㒐ߦ߅ߌࠆ⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀ⦟ᅢታ〣ߣᡷༀᡰេ࠷࡯࡞ߩᓎഀ㧔ศᎹᔀ‫ޔ‬ዊᧁ ๺ ቁ 㧚 ↥ ᬺ ࠬ ࠻ ࡟ ࠬ ⎇ ⓥ㧕‫ޕߚ߼ߣ߹ߡߒߣޠ‬㧞㧚⃻႐ᖱႎߩ෼㓸ߣ੺౉࠷࡯࡞ߩ૞ᚑ ᐔᚑ  ᐕߦෘഭ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ㧔ਅశ⃰㧕ߢታᣉߐࠇ㐿⊒ߐࠇߚࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ࠴
ࠚ࠶ࠢ࡝ࠬ࠻ࠍ⸃⺑ߒ‫ߦ☋ᦠߩࠅ౉࠻ࠬ࡜ࠗޔ‬߹ߣ߼ߚ㧔‫ߩ߼ߚߩࠬ࡞ࡋ࡞࠲ࡦࡔޟ‬⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀ㨪‫ޟ‬⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߩߚ߼ߩࡅࡦ࠻㓸‫ߔߢޠ‬ߔ߼ࠆ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢࡐࠗࡦ࠻ 㨪‫✬ޠ‬㓸ਛᄩഭ௛ἴኂ㒐ᱛදળ㧚ศᎹᔀ‫ޔ‬Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ‫ޔ‬ዊᧁ๺ቁ✬⪺㧚᧲੩㧦ਛᄩഭ௛ἴኂ㒐ᱛදળ‫ ޔ‬ᐕ ᦬㧚㧕‫⃻ࠍࠄࠇߎޕ‬႐ߢ೑↪ߒ߿ߔ޿ᒻߦࡄࡢ࡯
ࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ߣߒߡ߹ߣ߼ߚ‫⾗ޕ‬ᢱ㧞ߦᷝઃߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ‫ޔ‬࿖ౝߢታ㓙ߦⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ⡯႐ⅣႺᡷ
ༀߦ㑐ߔࠆขࠅ⚵ߺߦࡅࠕ࡝ࡦࠣ㧔㜞⍮㧦⥄ᴦ૕‫ޔ‬ᑧጟᏒ㧦ൻቇᎿᬺડᬺ㧕ࠍⴕ޿‫ⷞ౉੺ޔ‬ὐߩታ㓙ߩᖱႎࠍ෼㓸ߒ‫ࡦࠗ࡜࠼ࠗࠟޔ‬૞ᚑߦ෻ᤋߐߖߚ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔߚ߹ޕ‬⍮⷗ࠍ‫ޔ‬໡ᬺ⹹ߥߤ
ߢႎ๔ߒߚ‫ޕ‬&⠨ኤ ੹࿁૞ᚑߐࠇߚഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ
⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᶐㅘᚻᴺߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺ
╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߩ᥉෸࡮ᶐㅘߦ޽ߚߞߡ೑↪ߢ߈ࠆࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߪ‫ߩ ޔ‬ዊ㗄⋡‫ߩߟ ޔ‬ᄢ㗄⋡߆ࠄߥࠆ‫ޔߪࠄࠇߎޕ‬㧝㧕ᣇ㊎࡮⸘↹࡮⚵❱ߟߊࠅ㧔⋡⊛ߩ᣿⏕ൻ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ᚻᴺ‫ޔ‬⚵❱ߟߊࠅ㧕
‫ޔ‬㧞㧕ታᣉᚻ㗅ߩၮᧄ࡞࡯࡞㧔⦟ᅢ੐଀ߩᵴ↪‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ෳടဳߩડ↹‫ޔ‬ᄙ㕙ᄙ㊀࡝ࠬࠢߦ⋡㈩ࠅ㧕‫ޔ‬㧟㧕ታⴕᕈߩ޽ࠆㆇ↪ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔⃻࿾ൻ࡮ࡠ࡯ࠞ࡞ൻ‫࡞࡯࠷ޔ‬ឭଏ‫৻ޔ‬⥸ഭ௛᧦ઙᡷༀߣหᤨᡷༀ㧕㧠㧕ࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶
ࡊߩ઀⚵ߺߣ⹏ଔ㧔ࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊ⸘↹‫⹏ޔ‬ଔߣ㗼ᓆ㧕ߦ߹ߣ߼ߡ޽ࠆ߇‫੹ޔ‬ᓟ‫⑼ޔ‬ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚'XKFGPEGDCUGF'XKFGPEGKPHQTOGF ࠍᢛℂߒ‫⃻ޔ‬႐ታ࿾ࠍ⚻ߡ‫⃻ޔ‬႐ߢ೑↪ߒ߿ߔ޿ᒻߦ
ᢛℂߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔߚ߹ޕ‬⍮⷗ߦ߽ߣߕߊ‫⃻ޔ‬႐੺౉࠷࡯࡞ߩలታ߇ᦸ߹ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬'⚿⺰ ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߦ߅ߌࠆ⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀࠍኈᤃߦታ
ᣉߔࠆߚ߼ߩࡑ࠾ࡘࠕ࡞࡮⾗ᢱ૞ᚑߩߚ߼ߩၮ
␆⾗ᢱߣߒߡ‫ *ޔ‬ᐕᐲߦ૞ᚑߒߚ࿖ౝᄖߩᢥ
₂࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߦၮߠ޿ߡ૞ᚑߒߚ⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߦ㑐ߔࠆ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠߊ '$/ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ᩺ࠍ‫⃻ޔ‬႐ߢ೑↪ߒ߿ߔ޿ࠃ߁ߦ
ୃᱜߒߚ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ‫ *ޔ‬ᐕᐲߦ૞ᚑߒߚ 㗄⋡᩺ࠍ߽ߣߦ‫↥ޔ‬ᬺ♖␹଻ஜ‫ੱޔ‬㑆Ꮏቇ‫ޔ‬ᔃℂቇ‫∉ޔ‬ቇ‫⼔⋴ޔ‬ቇ‫▤↢ⴡޔ‬ℂ⠪‫↥ޔ‬ᬺ଻ஜߩ⃻႐ታോ⠪‫ޔ‬ડᬺࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߣߩวหࡒ࡯࠹ࠖࡦ
ࠣࠍ㐿௅ߒ‫ߩࡦࠗ࡜࠼ࠗࠟޔ‬ᢥ㕙ߩୃᱜ‫ޔ‬ౝኈߩ⏕⹺‫ޔ‬ታ࿾⚻㛎ߦ߽ߣߠߊࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ߳ߩ
ࠦࡔࡦ࠻ࠍ߽ߣ߼‫ୃޔ‬ᱜࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦࠍ૞ᚑߒ
ߚ‫⃻ޔߚ߹ޕ‬႐ߢታ㓙ߦ೑↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߦ㑐ㅪߒߚ੺౉੐଀ࠍ෼㓸ߒ‫ࠗ࡜࠼ࠗࠟޔ‬ࡦୃᱜߦᔕ↪ߢ߈ࠆὐ߇ߥ޿߆ᬌ⸛ߒߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᶐㅘᚻᴺߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷ
ༀߩ᥉෸࡮ᶐㅘߦ޽ߚߞߡ೑↪ߢ߈ࠆࠟࠗ࠼࡜
ࠗࡦߣߒߡ‫ߩ ޔ‬ዊ㗄⋡‫ߩߟ ޔ‬ᄢ㗄⋡߆ࠄߥࠆࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ᩺ࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ‫ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬㧝㧕ᣇ㊎࡮⸘↹࡮⚵❱ߟߊࠅ㧔⋡⊛ߩ᣿⏕ൻ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ᚻᴺ‫ࠅߊߟ❱⚵ޔ‬㧕‫ޔ‬㧞㧕ታᣉᚻ㗅ߩၮᧄ࡞࡯࡞㧔⦟ᅢ੐଀ߩᵴ↪‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ෳടဳߩડ↹‫ޔ‬ᄙ㕙ᄙ㊀࡝ࠬࠢߦ⋡㈩ࠅ㧕‫ޔ‬㧟㧕ታⴕ
ᕈߩ޽ࠆㆇ↪ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔⃻࿾ൻ࡮ࡠ࡯ࠞ࡞ൻ‫ޔ‬࠷࡯࡞ឭଏ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ഭ௛᧦ઙᡷༀߣหᤨᡷༀ㧕㧠㧕ࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊߩ઀⚵ߺߣ⹏ଔ㧔ࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶
ࡊ⸘↹‫⹏ޔ‬ଔߣ㗼ᓆ㧕ߦ߹ߣ߼ߚ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟ‫⑼ޔ‬ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ 'XKFGPEGDCUGF'XKFGPEGKPHQTOGF
ࠍᢛℂߒ‫⃻ޔ‬႐ታ࿾ࠍ⚻ߡ‫⃻ޔ‬႐ߢ೑↪ߒ߿ߔ޿ᒻߦᢛℂߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧲ஜᐽෂᯏᖱႎ ⹥ᒰߥߒ‫ޕ‬)⎇ⓥ⊒⴫⺰ᢥ⊒⴫ศᎹᔀ‫ޔ‬ዊᧁ๺ቁ㧚ࠬ࠻࡟੍ࠬ㒐ߦ߅ߌࠆ⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀ⦟ᅢታ〣ߣᡷༀᡰេ࠷࡯࡞ߩᓎഀ㧚↥ᬺࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ⎇ⓥ


−  −

‫ߩ߼ߚߩࠬ࡞ࡋ࡞࠲ࡦࡔޟ‬⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀ㨪‫ޟ‬⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߩߚ߼ߩࡅࡦ࠻
㓸‫ ࠻ࡦࠗࡐࠢ࠶ࠚ࠴ࠆ߼ߔߔߢޠ‬㨪‫✬ޠ‬㓸ਛᄩഭ௛ἴኂ㒐ᱛදળ㧚ศᎹᔀ‫ޔ‬Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ‫ޔ‬ዊᧁ๺ቁ✬⪺㧚᧲੩㧦ਛᄩഭ௛ἴኂ㒐ᱛදળ‫ޔ‬ ᐕ  ᦬㧚ศᎹᔀ㧚⦟ᅢታ〣ߦቇ߱‫ޔ‬௛߈ࠃ޿⡯႐ߟߊࠅ㨪ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬᡰេߣߒߡߩෳ
ടဳ⡯႐ᡷༀߣࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷
㨪

ഭ
௛
ߩ
⑼
ቇ
    㧚ศᎹᔀ㧚࠷࡯࡞ࠍᵴ↪ߒߚࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ
࡞ࠬኻ╷‫ࡦ࡚ࠪࠢࠕࠬ࡞ࡋ࡞࠲ࡦࡔޔ‬࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢ࡝ࠬ࠻ߩ․ᓽߣᵴ↪ᣇᴺ㧚ᔃߩࠝࠕࠪࠬ  ᐕ 5RTKPI‫ޔ‬R㧚ቇળ⊒⴫*⍮⊛⽷↥ᮭߩ಴㗿࡮⊓㍳⁁ᴫ․⸵ขᓧ ߥߒታ↪ᣂ᩺⊓㍳ ߥߒߘߩઁ ߥߒ+ᒁ↪ᢥ₂࡝ࠬ࠻ ศᎹᔀ‫ޔ‬࿯ደ᡽㓶㧚⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦࠃࠆ '$/ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ㐿⊒㧦⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷ
ༀߩ᥉෸࡮ᶐㅘ㧚ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲෘ↢ഭ௛⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌ഭ௛቟ో✚ว⎇ⓥ੐ᬺ‫ޟ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᶐㅘ
ᚻᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ‫ޠ‬㧔*ഭ௛৻⥸㧕ਥછ㧦Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ㧕ಽᜂ⎇ⓥႎ๔ᦠ ᐕ‫ޔ‬R

−  −⴫  ⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߦ㑐ߔࠆࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩ߭ߥᒻ㧔 ᐕ  ᦬⃻࿷㧕 ⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߩታᣉߦ޽ߚߞߡߪߘߩ⋡⊛ࠍ᣿⏕ߦߔࠆ ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ┙᩺ߢߪ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺߩ⹏ଔ߿㑐ㅪஜᐽ⁁ᘒߩ⹏ଔߩߺታᣉߔࠆ໧㗴ᜰ៰ဳߩขࠅ
⚵ߺߪㆱߌ‫ޔ‬໧㗴⸃᳿ဳߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ࠍߣࠆߎߣߦജὐࠍ⟎ߊ ⚵❱ߣߒߡߩขࠅ⚵ߺߢߪ‫ߒ޿ߥ❱⚵ޔ‬ㇱ㐷⽿છ⠪ߩࠨࡐ࡯࠻ࠍᓧࠆߎߣ߇ਇนᰳߥߎߣࠍᒝ⺞ߔࠆ ኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ⚵❱หᬺ⒳ߦ޽ࠆ⦟ᅢታ〣߆ࠄቇ߮‫ޔ‬ታᣉน⢻ߥ⦟ᅢታ〣߇ਇนᰳߥߎߣࠍᒝ⺞ߔࠆ 㓸࿅⸛⼏‫ޔ‬⡯႐ᆔຬળߩ⸳⟎╬ߩᓥᬺຬෳടဳߩขࠅ⚵ߺࠍផᅑߒ‫ޔ‬ኻ⽎⡯႐ߢߪߘߩඨᢙ
એ਄ߩഭ௛⠪߇ᡷༀᵴേߦෳടߔࠆ઀⚵ߺࠍ૞ࠆ ⦟ᅢታ〣ߦ⷗วߞߚឭ᩺ࠍଦߔࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢ࡝ࠬ࠻ߥߤ‫⃻ޔ‬႐᧦ઙߢ⺞ᢛߒߚࠕࠢࠪ
࡚ࡦឭ᩺ဳ࠷࡯࡞ࠍ↪޿ࠆ ⃻႐ߩᄙ㕙ߦࠊߚࠆᔃりߩ⽶ᜂ⁁ᘒߦኻߔࠆᡷༀ╷ࠍᐢߊߣࠅ޽ߍࠆ ⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߩታᣉߣ⹏ଔߪ‫ߢࡊ࠶࠹ࠬࠗࡃࡊ࠶࠹ࠬޔ‬ㅴ߼‫ޔ‬ᔅߕࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊᦼ㑆ࠍ⸳ߌࠆ ୘ੱ߿⡯႐ߩ⁁ᴫߦ⷗วߞߚᡷༀ߇ⴕ߃ࠆࠃ߁ߦᡰេߩࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓࠍ૞ߞߡ߈߼⚦߆ߊㆇ↪
ߔࠆ ᚑᨐࠍႎ๔ߒ޽޿‫ޔ‬㑐ଥ⠪ోຬߦᐢߊࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢߔࠆߣ౒ߦ‫⦟ޔ‬ᅢߥขࠅ⚵ߺߪ㗼ᓆߔࠆ ໧㗴⸃᳿ဳࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߦࠃࠆ੺౉ߦࠃߞߡ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ഭ௛᧦ઙᡷༀߩᗧ⼂ߣᵴേ߇ㅴ߻ࠃ߁ߦߔࠆ ໧㗴ߩ޽ࠆ⡯႐ߦᵈ⋡ߒߡ⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀࠍ㐿ᆎߒߥ޿
⴫  ⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߦ㑐ߔࠆࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩ߭ߥᒻ  ୃᱜ 㧔 ᐕ  ᦬⃻࿷㧕㧨ᣇ㊎࡮⸘↹࡮⚵❱ߟߊࠅߩࠛࡆ࠺ࡦࠬ㧪 㧔⋡⊛ߩ᣿⏕ൻ㧕⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߩታᣉߦ޽ߚߞߡߪߘߩ⋡⊛ࠍ᣿⏕ߦߒ߹ߔ 㧔ၮᧄࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ᚻᴺ㧕ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ┙᩺ߢߪ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺߩ⹏ଔ߿㑐ㅪஜᐽ⁁ᘒߩ⹏ଔߩߺታ
ᣉߔࠆ໧㗴ᜰ៰ဳߩขࠅ⚵ߺߪㆱߌ‫ޔ‬໧㗴⸃᳿ဳߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ࠍߣࠆߎߣߦജὐࠍ⟎߈߹ߔ 㧔⚵❱ߟߊࠅ㧕⚵❱ߣߒߡߩขࠅ⚵ߺߢߪ‫ߒ޿ߥ❱⚵ޔ‬ㇱ㐷⽿છ⠪ߩࠨࡐ࡯࠻ࠍᓧࠆߎߣ߇
ਇนᰳߥߎߣࠍᒝ⺞ߒ߹ߔ㧨ታᣉᚻ㗅ߩၮᧄ࡞࡯࡞ߦ㑐ߔࠆࠛࡆ࠺ࡦࠬ㧪 㧔⦟ᅢ੐଀ߩᵴ↪㧕ኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ⚵❱หᬺ⒳ߦ޽ࠆ⦟ᅢታ〣߆ࠄቇ߮‫ޔ‬ታᣉน⢻ߥ⦟ᅢታ〣߇ਇนᰳߥߎߣࠍᒝ⺞ߒ߹ߔ 㧔ഭ௛⠪ෳടဳߩડ↹㧕ዊ㓸࿅⸛⼏ߥߤߩᓥᬺຬෳടဳߩขࠅ⚵ߺࠍផᅑߒ‫ޔ‬ኻ⽎⡯႐ߢߪߘߩඨᢙએ਄ߩഭ௛⠪߇ᡷༀᵴേߦෳടߔࠆ઀⚵ߺࠍ૞ࠅ߹ߔ 㧔ᄙ㕙ᄙ㊀࡝ࠬࠢߦ⋡㈩ࠅ㧕⃻႐ߩᄙ㕙ߦࠊߚࠆᔃりߩ⽶ᜂ⁁ᘒߦኻߔࠆᡷༀ╷ࠍᐢߊߣࠅ
޽ߍ߹ߔ㧨ታⴕᕈߩ޽ࠆㆇ↪ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦ㑐ߔࠆࠛࡆ࠺ࡦࠬ㧪 㧔⃻࿾ൻ࡮ࡠ࡯ࠞ࡞ൻ㧕୘ੱ߿⡯႐ߩ⁁ᴫߦ⷗วߞߚᡷༀ߇ⴕ߃ࠆࠃ߁ߦᡰេߩࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓ
ࠍ૞ࠅ‫ߊ߆⚦߼߈ޔ‬ㆇ↪ߒ‫ࠍ⪲⸒ޔ‬ᐔᤃൻߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ 㧔࠷࡯࡞ឭଏ㧕ᡷༀࠍታᣉߒ߿ߔߊ‫⃻ޔ‬႐ߩ᳇ߠ߈߿ⴕേࠍଦߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫⃻ޔ‬႐᧦ઙߦวࠊߖߚᡷༀឭ᩺ဳ࠷࡯࡞ᵴ↪ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ 㧔৻⥸ഭ௛᧦ઙᡷༀߣหᤨᡷༀ㧕⡯႐ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ߩߺߦᵈ⋡ߖߕ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ഭ௛᧦ઙᡷༀߩ
ᗧ⼂ߣᵴേ߇ㅴ߻ࠃ߁ߦߔࠆ‫ޕ‬໧㗴ߩ޽ࠆ⡯႐ߦᵈ⋡ߒߡ⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀࠍ㐿ᆎߒߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦߒ߹ߔ
㧨ࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊߩ઀⚵ߺߣ⹏ଔߦ㑐ߔࠆࠛࡆ࠺ࡦࠬ㧪 㧔ࠬ࠹࠶ࡊࡃࠗࠬ࠹࠶ࡊߩࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊ⸘↹㧕⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߩታᣉߣ⹏ଔߪ‫ࡃࡊ࠶࠹ࠬޔ‬ࠗࠬ࠹࠶ࡊߢㅴ߼‫ޔ‬ᔅߕࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊᦼ㑆ࠍ⸳ߌ߹ߔ 㧔⹏ଔߣ㗼ᓆ㧕ᚑᨐࠍႎ๔ߒ޽޿‫ޔ‬㑐ଥ⠪ోຬߦᐢߊࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢߔࠆߣ౒ߦ‫⦟ޔ‬ᅢߥขࠅ⚵ߺߪ㗼ᓆߒ߹ߔ
̆̆̆̆̆

−  −

⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚䈮ၮ䈨䈒䊜䊮䉺䊦䊓䊦䉴ኻ╷䉧䉟䊄䊤䉟䊮䋨⡯႐ⅣႺ╬䈱⹏ଔ䈫ᡷༀ䋩㩷

᝻૰ᾀᴾᴾ
ᅹ‫ܖ‬ႎఌਗỆؕỀẪἳὅἑἽἪἽἋ‫ݣ‬ሊỾỶἛἻỶὅίᵐᵎᵏᵏ ࠰ ᵑ உὸᴾίᎰ‫ئ‬࿢‫ؾ‬ሁỉᚸ̖ểોծỉේᡢὉ୍ӏዻὸᴾ
䈲䈛䉄䈮㩷ߎߩࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߪ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߦ߅ߌࠆ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀࠍડ↹࡮ታᣉߔࠆ㓙ߦផᅑߐࠇࠆ੐㗄ࠍ‫ᦨޔ‬ᣂߩ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠ޿ߡ߹ߣ߼ߚ߽ߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬⡯႐ⅣႺ╬䈱⹏ଔ䈫ᡷༀ䈱㊀ⷐᕈ䈫ᧄ䉧䉟䊄䊤䉟䊮䈱⋡⊛㩷⡯႐䈱䊜䊮䉺䊦䊓䊦䉴ኻ╷䈪䈲䇮䊜䊮䉺䊦ਇ⺞䈱ᧂὼ㒐ᱛ䈫䈚䈩䇮ഭ௛⠪䈱ᔃり䈻䈱䉴䊃䊧䉴䈱ේ࿃䈫䈭䉎⡯႐ⅣႺ䉕ᡷༀ䈚䈩䇮ᔟㆡ䈮௛䈒䈖䈫䈱䈪䈐䉎⡯႐䈨䈒䉍䈏ᄢಾ䈪䈜㪈䇯䈖䈱⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀ䈮䈲䇮ㇱደ䈱᣿䉎䈘䉇ᥤ䈘ኙ䈘䇮䊃䉟䊧䉇ભᙑቶ䈱᦭ή䈫䈇䈦䈢⁜䈇ᗧ๧䈪䈱⡯႐ⅣႺ䈣䈔䈪䈭䈒䇮୘ੱ䈱⢻ജ䉕ᦨᄢ㒢䈮⊒ើ䈪䈐䉎䉇䉍䈏䈇䈏䈅䉍௛䈐䉇䈜䈇ഭ௛ⅣႺ䉇ഭ௛᧦ઙᡷༀ䈭䈬䉕ⴕ䈉䈖䈫䉅฽䉁䉏䉁䈜䇯଀䈋䈳䇮૞ᬺᣇᴺ䉇ഭ௛ᤨ㑆䇮ੱຬ䉇ൕോ૕೙䇮઀੐䈱⾰䈫㊂䈭䈬䈱઀੐䈱ౣ䊂䉱䉟䊮䇮ห௥䉇⡯႐㑆䈪䈱ᡰេ䉇ੱ㑆㑐ଥᡷༀ䇮䊊䊤䉴䊜䊮䊃䈱䈭䈇⡯႐䇮઒䈮૕⺞䉕ᖡ䈒䈚䈩䉅቟ᔃ䈚䈩ભ䉃䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐⡯႐䈮ᓳᏫ䈪䈐䉎䊒䊨䉫䊤䊛䈱ᢛ஻䈭䈬䉅฽䉁䉏䉁䈜䇯⡯႐䈱䊜䊮䉺䊦䊓䊦䉴ኻ╷䈮䈍䈔䉎⡯႐ⅣႺ䈱ᡷༀ䈫䈲䇮ᔃり䈻䈱⽶ᜂ䊶䉴䊃䊧䉴䈱⢛᥊䈫䈭䉎௛䈐ᣇ䈱ో⥸䈮⋡㈩䉍䈚䇮ഭ௛⠪৻ੱ৻ੱ䈏䈇䈐䈇䈐䈫䇮ᭉ䈚䈒䇮઀੐䈮䉇䉍䈏䈇䉅䉅䈦䈩䇮ஜᐽ⊛䈭ഭ௛↢ᵴ䈠䈱䉅䈱䈮ᵈ⋡䈜䉎⡯႐䈨䈒䉍䈫䈇䈋䉁䈜䇯ᦨㄭ䈪䈲䇮ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐╷ߣߒߡⴕࠊࠇߚ⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߦࠃߞߡஜᐽ⁁ᘒ߿ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬ
ਇ⺞߇ᡷༀߒߚ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚߇Ⓧߺ਄ߍࠄࠇߡ߈ߡ޿߹ߔ㪉‫ޕ‬㩷৻ᣇ䇮ᦨవ┵䈱቟ోⴡ↢ᵴേ䈲䇮⦟ᅢ੐଀䈮ቇ䈶䇮⡯႐䈱⥄ਥ⊛䈭ข䉍⚵䉂䉕ᡰេ䈜䉎ᨒ⚵䉂䈧䈒䉍䋨䋽⡯႐ᡷༀ䈱䊒䊨䉶䉴ᡰេ䋩䈏㊀ⷞ䈘䉏䈩䈐䈩䈇䉁䈜㪊䇯䈜䈭䉒䈤䇮⡯႐䈱ഭ௛⠪䈏ෳട䈚䈩⡯႐䈱⦟䈇䈫䈖䉐䉕⏕⹺䈚䇮⥄ಽ䉇ห௥䇮หᬺ⒳䈱⦟ᅢ੐଀䋨㪞㫆㫆㪻㩷 㪧㫉㪸㪺㫋㫀㪺㪼䇮㪞㪧䋩䈮ቇ䈶䈭䈏䉌䇮ᰴ䈮ᡷༀ䈜䉎ὐ䈲䈭䈇䈎ᵞ䈇಴䈚䇮䈜䈓䈱ᡷༀ䉕ታᣉ䈜䉎䇸ኻ⹤ဳ䇹䉕㊀ⷞ䈚䈢ข䉍⚵䉂䈪䈜䇯䈠䈖䈪䈲䇮ஜᐽ㓚ኂ䈮㑐ㅪ䈚䈢䊥䉴䉪䉕⷗䈧䈔಴䈚䇮⃻႐䈱ᘠⴕ䈱਄䈮Ⓧ䉂਄䈕䈭䈏䉌䇮੐ᬺ႐ౝ䈱⸘↹㩿㪧㪀㵪⹏ଔ㩿㪛㪀㵪ታᣉ㩿㪚㪀㵪⷗⋥䈚㩿㪘㪀䈫䈇䈉䌐䌄䌃䌁䉰䉟䉪䊦䈮ว䉒䈞䈢ᡷༀ䈏ᦼᓙ䈘䉏䉁䈜䇯㩷ᧄࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߪ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩߚ߼ߩ⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߦ㑐ߔࠆᦨㄭߩ࿖ౝᄖߩᢥ₂ࠍ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߒߡ‫⑼ޔ‬ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠߊኻ╷ࠍᢛℂߒߚ߽ߩߢߔ‫⃻ޕ‬႐ߩ↥ᬺ቟ో଻ஜࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ‫▤ޔ‬ℂ⋙〈⠪‫↥ޔ‬ᬺ଻ஜࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࡊࡠࡃࠗ࠳࡯ߦࠃߞߡ᦭↪ߥᖱႎߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬߹ߣ߼߹ߒߚ‫ߩࡦࠗ࡜࠼ࠗࠟᧄޕ‬ᵴ↪ߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ታⴕᕈߩ޽ࠆ⡯႐ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷߇ㅴ߻ߎߣࠍᦼ
ᓙߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㩷㩷ᧄᦠ䈱᭴ᚑ㩷 ᶏᄖᢥ₂ 33 ✬‫ޔ‬࿖ౝᢥ₂ 17 ✬ߩᢥ₂࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍ߽ߣߦ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߦ߅ߌࠆ⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߦ޽ߚߞߡផᅑߐࠇࠆ 11 㗄⋡߇‫ࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ᄢ㗄⋡߇⷗಴ߒߣߥߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫᦭ߩߘޔߚ߹ޕ‬ലᕈߩࠦࡦ࠮ࡦࠨࠬ߇ᓧࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦߦߟ޿ߡ‫ࠇߘޔ‬ߙࠇߩ㗄⋡ߦࠛࡆ࠺ࡦࠬߣߒߡ⸃⺑ࠍട߃‫ߡߒߣ࠻ࠬ࡝ࡦ࡚ࠪࠢࠕޔ‬ᢛℂߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬੐ᬺ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽ଻ᜬჇㅴߩߚ߼ߩᜰ㊎㧔ෘ↢ഭ௛⋭‫ޔ‬ᐔᚑ  ᐕ㧕Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ㧘ፉᵤ᣿ੱ㧘࿯ደ᡽㓶㧘ႇ ᣿⚐  ↥ᬺࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷㧦⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߩ⃻⁁ߣߘߩᔕ↪㧚↥ᬺකቇ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯  㧚ศᎹᔀ‫ޔ‬ዊᧁ๺ቁ㧚ഭ௛቟ోⴡ↢ࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ㧔15*/5㧕߳ߩነਈߣߒߡߩෳടဳࠬ࠻࡟੍ࠬ㒐ᵴേߩᓎഀ㧚↥ᬺࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ⎇ⓥ㧚−  −

⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚䈮ၮ䈨䈒䊜䊮䉺䊦䊓䊦䉴ኻ╷䉧䉟䊄䊤䉟䊮䋨⡯႐ⅣႺ╬䈱⹏ଔ䈫ᡷༀ䋩㩷Ꮀ‫ئ‬࿢‫ؾ‬ોծỉᚸ̖ểોծỆ᧙ẴỦỾỶἛἻỶὅᴾ
ᾀᾀ᪮ႸỉỺἥἙὅἋίᵐᵎᵏᵏ ࠰ ᵑ உ̲ദ༿ྵ‫נ‬ὸᴾᴾᾋ૾ᤆὉᚘဒὉኵጢếẪụỉỺἥἙὅἋᾍᴾ 䋨⋡⊛䈱᣿⏕ൻ䋩⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߩታᣉߦ޽ߚߞߡߪߘߩ⋡⊛ࠍ᣿⏕ߦߒ߹ߔ 䋨ၮᧄ䉝䊒䊨䊷䉼ᚻᴺ䋩ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ┙᩺ߢߪ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺߩ⹏ଔ߿㑐ㅪஜᐽ⁁ᘒߩ⹏ଔߩߺታᣉߔ
ࠆ໧㗴ᜰ៰ဳߩขࠅ⚵ߺߪㆱߌ‫ޔ‬໧㗴⸃᳿ဳߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ࠍߣࠆߎߣߦജὐࠍ⟎߈߹ߔ 䋨⚵❱䈧䈒䉍䋩⚵❱ߣߒߡߩขࠅ⚵ߺߢߪ‫ߒ޿ߥ❱⚵ޔ‬ㇱ㐷⽿છ⠪ߩࠨࡐ࡯࠻ࠍᓧࠆߎߣ߇ਇน
ᰳߥߎߣࠍᒝ⺞ߒ߹ߔᴾᾋܱ଀৖᪯ỉؕஜἽὊἽỆ᧙ẴỦỺἥἙὅἋᾍᴾ 䋨⦟ᅢ੐଀䈱ᵴ↪䋩ኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ⚵❱หᬺ⒳ߦ޽ࠆ⦟ᅢታ〣߆ࠄቇ߮‫ޔ‬ታᣉน⢻ߥ⦟ᅢታ〣߇ਇนᰳߥߎߣࠍᒝ⺞ߒ߹ߔ 䋨ഭ௛⠪ෳടဳ䈱ડ↹䋩ዊ㓸࿅⸛⼏ߥߤߩᓥᬺຬෳടဳߩขࠅ⚵ߺࠍផᅑߒ‫ޔ‬ኻ⽎⡯႐ߢߪߘߩඨᢙએ਄ߩഭ௛⠪߇ᡷༀᵴേߦෳടߔࠆ઀⚵ߺࠍ૞ࠅ߹ߔ 䋨ᄙ㕙ᄙ㊀䊥䉴䉪䈮⋡㈩䉍䋩⃻႐ߩᄙ㕙ߦࠊߚࠆᔃりߩ⽶ᜂ⁁ᘒߦኻߔࠆᡷༀ╷ࠍᐢߊߣࠅ޽ߍ
߹ߔ
ᴾᾋܱᘍࣱỉẝỦᢃဇἩἿἂἻἲỆ᧙ẴỦỺἥἙὅἋᾍᴾ 䋨⃻࿾ൻ䊶䊨䊷䉦䊦ൻ䋩୘ੱ߿⡯႐ߩ⁁ᴫߦ⷗วߞߚᡷༀ߇ⴕ߃ࠆࠃ߁ߦᡰេߩࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓࠍ૞
ࠅ‫ߊ߆⚦߼߈ޔ‬ㆇ↪ߒ‫ࠍ⪲⸒ޔ‬ᐔᤃൻߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ 䋨䉿䊷䊦ឭଏ䋩ᡷༀࠍታᣉߒ߿ߔߊ‫⃻ޔ‬႐ߩ᳇ߠ߈߿ⴕേࠍଦߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫⃻ޔ‬႐᧦ઙߦวࠊ
ߖߚᡷༀឭ᩺ဳ࠷࡯࡞ᵴ↪ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ 䋨৻⥸ഭ௛᧦ઙᡷༀ䈫หᤨᡷༀ䋩⡯႐ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ߩߺߦᵈ⋡ߖߕ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ഭ௛᧦ઙᡷༀߩᗧ⼂ߣᵴേ߇ㅴ߻ࠃ߁ߦߔࠆ‫ޕ‬໧㗴ߩ޽ࠆ⡯႐ߦᵈ⋡ߒߡ⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀࠍ㐿ᆎߒߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦߒ߹ߔ
ᴾᾋἧỻἿὊỴἕἩỉˁኵỚểᚸ̖Ệ᧙ẴỦỺἥἙὅἋᾍᴾ 䋨䉴䊁䉾䊒䊋䉟䉴䊁䉾䊒䈱䊐䉤䊨䊷䉝䉾䊒⸘↹䋩⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߩታᣉߣ⹏ଔߪ‫࠶࠹ࠬࠗࡃࡊ࠶࠹ࠬޔ‬ࡊߢㅴ߼‫ޔ‬ᔅߕࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊᦼ㑆ࠍ⸳ߌ߹ߔ 䋨⹏ଔ䈫㗼ᓆ䋩ᚑᨐࠍႎ๔ߒ޽޿‫ޔ‬㑐ଥ⠪ోຬߦᐢߊࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢߔࠆߣ౒ߦ‫⦟ޔ‬ᅢߥขࠅ⚵ߺߪ㗼ᓆߒ߹ߔ−  −

⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚䈮ၮ䈨䈒䊜䊮䉺䊦䊓䊦䉴ኻ╷䉧䉟䊄䊤䉟䊮䋨⡯႐ⅣႺ╬䈱⹏ଔ䈫ᡷༀ䋩㩷ᇹɟᇘᾋ૾ᤆὉᚘဒὉኵጢếẪụỉỺἥἙὅἋᾍᴾ
䋱䋮䋨⋡⊛䈱᣿⏕ൻ䋩⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߩታᣉߦ޽ߚߞߡߪߘߩ⋡⊛ࠍ᣿⏕ߦߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬䋲䋮䋨ၮᧄ䉝䊒䊨䊷䉼ᚻᴺ䋩ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ┙᩺ߢߪ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺߩ⹏ଔ߿㑐ㅪஜᐽ⁁ᘒߩ⹏ଔߩߺታᣉߔ
ࠆ໧㗴ᜰ៰ဳߩขࠅ⚵ߺߪㆱߌ‫ޔ‬໧㗴⸃᳿ဳߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ࠍߣࠆߎߣߦജὐࠍ⟎߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬䋳䋮䋨⚵❱䈧䈒䉍䋩⚵❱ߣߒߡߩขࠅ⚵ߺߢߪ‫ߒ޿ߥ❱⚵ޔ‬ㇱ㐷⽿છ⠪ߩࠨࡐ࡯࠻ࠍᓧࠆߎߣ߇ਇนᰳ
ߥߎߣࠍᒝ⺞ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᩮ᜚࡮ࠛࡆ࠺ࡦࠬ '8+&'0%'㧔ᩮ᜚㧕࡮ ਄ม‫ੱޔ‬੐ࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ‫ޔ‬ක≮ࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ߆ࠄߥࠆ‫ࠬ࡟࠻ࠬޔ‬ૐᷫ‫઀ޟ‬੐ᆔຬળ‫ࠍޠ‬㐿௅ߒ‫ޔ‬ᄢዊ᭽‫ࠍࡓ࡯࠴ߥޘ‬૞ࠅ‫ߩࡉࠨޔ‬਄มࠍ⸳ቯߒ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߩਛߢߩ࠻࡟࡯࠾ࡦࠣࠍჇ߿ߒ‫ੱޔ‬㑆Ꮏቇ⊛ߥᡷༀࠍⴕߞߚߣߎࠈⷰኤᦼ㑆ਛߦ઀੐ߩ⽶⩄߇Ⴧടߒߚߦ߽૞ᬺᚻ㗅ߣᜰើ♽⛔ࠍᡷༀߒߚ੺౉⟲ߢߪᛥ߁ߟ∝⁁ߩᐔဋ߿ࠕࡉ࠮ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠭ࡓ߇ᡷༀߒߚ࡮ ᣣᧄߩ㋕㍑ᬺߩᛛⴚ࡮੐ോ࡮⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ߩ  ㇱ㐷ࠍ⎇ⓥኻ⽎ߣߒߚ⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߩขࠅ⚵ߺߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚߩᵴ↪ᐲ‫ޔ‬਄มߣห௥ߩࠨࡐ࡯࠻‫ޔ‬ᔃりߩ⸷߃‫ޔ‬⡯ോḩ⿷ᗵ߇⦟ᅢߦᄌൻߒߚߎ
ߣ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᜰᮡߩᡷༀߩ⒟ᐲߪ㧘႐ⅣႺᡷༀᵴേ߳ߩෳട₸߇ એ਄ߩㇱ⟑ߦ߅޿ߡࠃࠅ㗼⪺ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᡷༀᵴേߦෳടߔࠆᓥᬺຬߩഀว߇ᄙ޿߶ߤ‫ࠬ࡞ࡋ࡞࠲ࡦࡔޔ‬ะ਄ߩലᨐ߇㜞޿ߣ߽ႎ๔ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬࡮ ᣣᧄߩ⵾ㅧᬺ࡜ࠗࡦߦᓥ੐ߔࠆᓥᬺຬߦ߅޿ߡ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢ࡝ࠬ࠻╬ߩ࠷࡯࡞ࠍ↪޿ߚෳടဳ⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀᵴേߦࠃࠆࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬะ਄ലᨐࠍᬌ⸛ߒ⚿ᨐ‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏ⎇ⓥਛߦኻ⽎ડᬺߦ߅ߌ
ࠆ↢↥ᵴേ߇Ⴧടߒ߹ߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬ኻᾖ⟲ߦ߅޿ߡ♖␹ஜᐽ⺞ᩏᓧὐ㧔)*3 ᓧὐ㧕߇ᖡൻߒߡ޿ߚ
৻ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀ⟲ߢߪჇᖡߔࠆߎߣߥߊ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬㧘⥄ⷡ⊛ߥ઀੐ߩࡄࡈࠜ࡯ࡑࡦ߽ࠬะ
਄ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ ࿖ౝ  ੐଀ߩ⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯߆ࠄߪ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߦขࠅ⚵߻⚵❱ߪ‫ޔ‬໧㗴⸃᳿ဳߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ࠍߣࠆߎߣߦജὐ߇⟎߆ࠇߡᣇ㊎⸳ቯ‫ޔࠅߊߟ↹⸘ޔ‬ታᣉ࠴࡯ࡓߟߊࠅߣታᣉ‫ޔ‬⹏ଔߥߤߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍ⚻ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠅ߹ߒߚ࡮ ࠦࡦ࠮ࡦࠨࠬ #%6+105㧔ផᅑߐࠇࠆขࠅ⚵ߺ㧕䊶⚵❱ߣߒߡߩขࠅ⚵ߺߢߪ‫ߒ޿ߥ❱⚵ޔ‬ㇱ㐷⽿છ⠪ߩࠨࡐ࡯࠻ࠍᓧࠆߎߣ߇ਇนᰳߥߎߣࠍᒝ⺞ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬૗ࠍߥߔߴ߈߆ 51/'/14'*+065㧔ߘߩઁߩ᦭↪ߥࡅࡦ࠻㧕䊶⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߩታᣉߦ޽ߚߞߡߪߘߩ⋡⊛ࠍ᣿⏕ߦߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬䊶ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ┙᩺ߢߪ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺߩ⹏ଔ߿㑐ㅪஜᐽ⁁ᘒߩ⹏ଔߩߺታᣉߔࠆ໧㗴ᜰ៰ဳߩขࠅ⚵ߺߪㆱߌ‫ޔ‬໧㗴⸃᳿ဳߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ࠍߣࠆߎߣߦജὐࠍ⟎߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

4 Kawakami N, Araki S, Kawashima M, Masumoto T, Hayashi T. 1997. Effects of work-related stress reduction on
depressive symptoms among Japanese blue-collar workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 23(1):54-9.
5 Kobayashi Y, Kaneyoshi A, Yokota A, Kawakami N. Effects of a worker participatory program for improving work
environments on job stressors and mental health among workers: a controlled trial. J Occup Health. 2008;50:455-470.
6 Tsutsumi A, Nagami M, Yoshikawa T, Kogi K, Kawakami N. Participatory intervention for workplace improvements on
mental health and job performance among blue-collar workers: a cluster randomized controlled trial. J Occup Environ Med.
2009;51:554-563.
7 ศᎹᔀ‫ޔ‬ዊᧁ๺ቁ㧚ࠬ࠻࡟੍ࠬ㒐ߦ߅ߌࠆ⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀ⦟ᅢታ〣ߣᡷༀᡰេ࠷࡯࡞ߩᓎഀ㧚↥ᬺࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ⎇ⓥ 2010;17:267-274.

−  −

⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚䈮ၮ䈨䈒䊜䊮䉺䊦䊓䊦䉴ኻ╷䉧䉟䊄䊤䉟䊮䋨⡯႐ⅣႺ╬䈱⹏ଔ䈫ᡷༀ䋩㩷ᇹʚᇘᾋܱ଀৖᪯ỉؕஜἽὊἽỆ᧙ẴỦỺἥἙὅἋᾍᴾ
䋴䋮䋨⦟ᅢ੐଀䈱ᵴ↪䋩ኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ⚵❱/หᬺ⒳ߦ޽ࠆ⦟ᅢታ〣߆ࠄቇ߮‫ޔ‬ታᣉน⢻ߥ⦟ᅢታ〣߇ਇนᰳߥߎߣࠍᒝ⺞ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬䋵䋮䋨ഭ௛⠪ෳടဳ䈱ડ↹䋩ዊ㓸࿅ᵴേߩ⸳⟎╬ߩᓥᬺຬෳടဳߩขࠅ⚵ߺࠍផᅑߒ‫ޔ‬ኻ⽎⡯႐ߢߪߘߩඨᢙએ਄ߩഭ௛⠪߇ᡷༀᵴേߦෳടߔࠆ઀⚵ߺࠍ૞ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬䋶䋮䋨ᄙ㕙ᄙ㊀䊥䉴䉪䈮⋡㈩䉍䋩⃻႐ߩᄙ㕙ߦࠊߚࠆᔃりߩ⽶ᜂ⁁ᘒߦኻߔࠆᡷༀ╷ࠍᐢߊߣࠅ޽ߍ
߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᴾᩮ᜚䊶䉣䊎䊂䊮䉴 㪜㪭㪠㪛㪜㪥㪚㪜䋨ᩮ᜚䋩㩷࡮ ᄖㇱࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠲ࡦ࠻㧔ᔃℂቇ⠪㧕߇⸳ቯߒߚ⥄⊒⊛ෳടߩઍ⴫ᓥᬺຬਥዉߩᆔຬળࠍ㐿௅ߒߚ⚿ᨐ‫᦬ࡨ ޔ‬ᓟߦࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ᗵ‫ޔ‬ਥⷰ⊛ࡄࡈࠜ࡯ࡑࡦࠬ‫઀ޔ‬੐ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ߇ᡷༀߒ‫ࡉࠕޔ‬࠮ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠭ࡓߦ߽ലᨐ߇޽ߞߚ㧔$QPF$WPEG  㧕࡮ ⧷࿖ߩ⼊ኤቭߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬࿕ቯߒߚ  ᤨ㑆ࠪࡈ࠻ߩࠬࠤࠫࡘ࡯࡞ߦኻߔࠆ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛ᤨ㑆ߩᨵエൻߪ‫ߩ߳ࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯࠹࡯ࡠޔ‬ḩ⿷‫⊛␹♖ޔ‬ஜஜᐽߩᡷༀߦነਈߒߚ 5OKVJGVCN  ࡮ ⧷࿖ߩਛⷙᮨߩ⩻ሶ⵾ㅧᬺߢ‫ޔ‬ઍ⴫⠪ߦࠃࠆࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࡢ࡯ࠢᣇᑼߢ⡯ോౣ⸳⸘࡮૞ᬺ࡟ࠗࠕ
࠙࠻ߩᡷༀࠍડ↹࡮ታⴕ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩᚲߦ៝ㅍߐࠇࠆ⵾ຠߩ⋥ធ⊛ߥࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ࠍ
ⴕߞߚߣߎࠈ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߩⶄ㔀ߐߪᖡൻߒߚ߇‫⥄ߩࡊ࡯࡞ࠣޔ‬ᓞᕈߩะ਄‫ޔ‬㓸࿅ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹
ࠖ࡮ਥ૕ᕈߩჇടߦᒁ߈ߟߠ߈‫઀ޔ‬੐ߩࡕ࠴ࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ‫઀ޔࠬࡦࡑ࡯ࠜࡈࡄޔ‬੐ߩḩ⿷ᐲߪ޿ߕࠇ߽ᡷༀߒ‫⊛␹♖ޔ‬ஜᐽᐲ߽ᡷༀ‫ޔ‬㔌⡯ߩᷫዋ߇ⷰኤߐࠇߚ㧔9CNNCPF%NGII  㧕‫ޕ‬࡮ ᛛⴚ࡮੐ോ࡮⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ߩ  ㇱ㐷ࠍ⎇ⓥኻ⽎ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߳ߩෳടࠍᏗᦸߒߚ  ㇱ⟑߇‫  ߩઁޔ‬ㇱ⟑ߣᲧセߐࠇߚ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬ᨐ‫࡯࡜ࠞ࠻ࠗࡢࡎޔ‬ᅚᕈߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚߩᵴ↪ᐲ‫ޔ‬਄มߣห௥ߩࠨࡐ࡯࠻‫ޔ‬ᔃりߩ⸷߃‫ޔ‬⡯ോḩ⿷ᗵ߇⦟ᅢߦᄌൻߒߚߎߣ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇ
ߚ‫ޕ‬ᜰᮡߩᡷༀߩ⒟ᐲߪ㧘႐ⅣႺᡷༀᵴേ߳ߩෳട₸߇ એ਄ߩㇱ⟑ߦ߅޿ߡࠃࠅ㗼⪺ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᡷༀᵴേߦෳടߔࠆᓥᬺຬߩഀว߇ᄙ޿߶ߤ‫ࠬ࡞ࡋ࡞࠲ࡦࡔޔ‬ะ਄ߩലᨐ߇㜞޿น⢻ᕈ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߚ㧔-QPDC[CUJK;GVCN  㧕‫ޕ‬࡮ 䉮䊮䉶䊮䉰䉴 㪘㪚㪫㪠㪦㪥㪪䋨ផᅑ䈘䉏䉎ข䉍⚵䉂䋩㩷࡮ ዊ㓸࿅ᵴേߩ⸳⟎╬ߩᓥᬺຬෳടဳߩขࠅ⚵ߺࠍផᅑߒ‫ޔ‬ኻ⽎⡯႐ߢߪߘߩඨᢙએ਄ߩഭ௛
⠪߇ᡷༀᵴേߦෳടߔࠆ઀⚵ߺࠍ૞ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ 㩷㩷૗䉕䈭䈜䈼䈐䈎 㪪㪦㪤㪜㩷㪤㪦㪩㪜㩷㪟㪠㪥㪫㪪䋨䈠䈱ઁ䈱᦭↪䈭䊍䊮䊃㩷࡮ ኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ⚵❱/หᬺ⒳ߦ޽ࠆ⦟ᅢታ〣߆ࠄቇ߮‫ޔ‬ታᣉน⢻ߥ⦟ᅢታ〣߇ਇนᰳߥߎߣࠍᒝ⺞ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ ⃻႐ߩᄙ㕙ߦࠊߚࠆᔃりߩ⽶ᜂ⁁ᘒߦኻߔࠆᡷༀ╷ࠍᐢߊߣࠅ޽ߍ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㩷㩷㩷㩷−  −

⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚䈮ၮ䈨䈒䊜䊮䉺䊦䊓䊦䉴ኻ╷䉧䉟䊄䊤䉟䊮䋨⡯႐ⅣႺ╬䈱⹏ଔ䈫ᡷༀ䋩㩷ᇹɤᇘᾋܱᘍࣱỉẝỦᢃဇἩἿἂἻἲỆ᧙ẴỦỺἥἙὅἋᾍᴾ
䋷䋮䋨⃻࿾ൻ䊶䊨䊷䉦䊦ൻ䋩୘ੱ߿⡯႐ߩ⁁ᴫߦ⷗วߞߚᡷༀ߇ⴕ߃ࠆࠃ߁ߦᡰេߩࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓࠍ૞
ࠅ‫ߊ߆⚦߼߈ޔ‬ㆇ↪ߒ‫ࠍ⪲⸒ޔ‬ᐔᤃൻߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬䋸䋮䋨䉿䊷䊦ឭଏ䋩ᡷༀࠍታᣉߒ߿ߔߊ‫⃻ޔ‬႐ߩ᳇ߠ߈߿ⴕേࠍଦߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫⃻ޔ‬႐᧦ઙߦวࠊ
ߖߚᡷༀឭ᩺ဳ࠷࡯࡞ᵴ↪ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬䋹䋮䋨৻⥸ഭ௛᧦ઙᡷༀ䈫หᤨᡷༀ䋩⡯႐ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ߩߺߦᵈ⋡ߖߕ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ഭ௛᧦ઙᡷༀߩᗧ⼂ߣᵴേ߇ㅴ߻ࠃ߁ߦߒߡ‫ޔ‬໧㗴ߩ޽ࠆ⡯႐ߦᵈ⋡ߒߡ⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀࠍ㐿ᆎߒߥ޿ࠃ߁
ߦߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᴾ
㩷ᩮ᜚䊶䉣䊎䊂䊮䉴 㪜㪭㪠㪛㪜㪥㪚㪜䋨ᩮ᜚䋩㩷࡮ ࠼ࠗ࠷ߢߪ∛㒮ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡ*GCNVJ%KTENGUࡕ࠺࡞ߦၮߠ޿ߚෳടဳ੺౉߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ‫⇣ޕ‬ߥߞߚ࠲ࠗࡊߩᓥᬺຬઍ⴫⠪ߦࠃࠆዊ㓸࿅ࠍ޿ߊߟ߆૞ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᄖㇱߩมળ⠪ߦࠃࠅㆇ༡ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ㅳ㑆ߦ  ࿁ળ⼏ࠍߒߡᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ࠬ࠻࡟࠶ࠨ࡯ࠍ․ቯߒ‫∛ޔ‬㒮⡯ຬߣ▤ℂ⡯ߦ⸃᳿╷ࠍឭ⸒ߒߚขࠅ⚵ߺߩ⚿ᨐ‫ⵙޔ‬㊂ᮭࠍߩߙߊ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬⷐ࿃߇⦟ᅢߥ୯ࠍ␜ߒߚ㧔ᔃℂ⊛ⷐ᳞ᐲ‫ޔ‬਄ม߅ࠃ߮ห௥ᡰេ‫ޔ‬ႎ㈽‫ޔ‬ദജ̆ႎ㈽ਇဋⴧ㧕㧔$QWTDQPPCKUGVCN  㧕࡮ ☨࿖ߩዊᄁᐫࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡ‫౉੺ߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ᐫ⥩ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬઍ⴫ߩ⠪߇▤ℂ⡯ߣᓥᬺຬߩ㑆ߩㅪ⛊ଥߣߥࠅ‫ޔࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯ࠤ࠾ࡘࡒࠦࡓ࡯࠴ޔ‬ಝ㓸ᕈ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߩࠬࠤࠫࡘ࡯࡝ࡦࠣ‫⪾ޔ‬⮮⸃᳿‫ߊࠃޔ‬಴᧪ߚ઀੐ߩ⹺⼂ߦߟ޿ߡᡷༀࠍ࿑ߞߚߣߎࠈ‫ޔ࠻࡯ࡐࠨ⊛❱⚵ޔ‬ห௥ࠨࡐ࡯
࠻‫ޔ‬਄มߩ㑐ਈ߇ᡷༀߒߚ㧔2CTMGVCN  㧕‫ޕ‬࡮ ⚻༡วℂൻߩ㓙ߦ߅ߌࠆᓥᬺຬෳടဳߩ⡯႐ᡷༀߪ‫ޔ‬ஜᐽᜰᮡ߽ᖡൻ߆ᄌൻ߇ߥߊ‫᦭ޔ‬ലߢߪߥ޿น⢻ᕈ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߚ㧔9QQFYCTFGVCN  2CTMGTGVCN  *GCPG[GVCN 㧕‫ޕ‬ࠦࡦ࠮ࡦࠨࠬ #%6+105㧔ផᅑߐࠇࠆขࠅ⚵ߺ㧕࡮ ୘ੱ߿⡯႐ߩ⁁ᴫߦ⷗วߞߚᡷༀ߇ⴕ߃ࠆࠃ߁ߦᡰេߩࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓࠍ૞ࠅ‫ߊ߆⚦߼߈ޔ‬ㆇ↪
ߒ‫ࠍ⪲⸒ޔ‬ᐔᤃൻߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ ⡯႐ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ߩߺߦᵈ⋡ߖߕ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ഭ௛᧦ઙᡷༀߩᗧ⼂ߣᵴേ߇ㅴ߻ࠃ߁ߦߒߡ‫ޔ‬໧㗴ߩ޽ࠆ⡯႐ߦᵈ⋡ߒߡ⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀࠍ㐿ᆎߒߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬૗ࠍߥߔߴ߈߆ 51/'/14'*+065㧔ߘߩઁߩ᦭↪ߥࡅࡦ࠻㧕࡮ ᡷༀࠍታᣉߒ߿ߔߊ‫⃻ޔ‬႐ߩ᳇ߠ߈߿ⴕേࠍଦߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫⃻ޔ‬႐᧦ઙߦวࠊߖߚᡷༀឭ
᩺ဳ࠷࡯࡞ᵴ↪ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ᴾ−  −

⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚䈮ၮ䈨䈒䊜䊮䉺䊦䊓䊦䉴ኻ╷䉧䉟䊄䊤䉟䊮䋨⡯႐ⅣႺ╬䈱⹏ଔ䈫ᡷༀ䋩㩷ᇹׄᇘᾋἧỻἿὊỴἕἩỉˁኵỚểᚸ̖Ệ᧙ẴỦỺἥἙὅἋᾍᴾ
䋱䋰䋮䋨䉴䊁䉾䊒䊋䉟䉴䊁䉾䊒䈱䊐䉤䊨䊷䉝䉾䊒⸘↹䋩⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߩታᣉߣ⹏ଔߪ‫࠹ࠬࠗࡃࡊ࠶࠹ࠬޔ‬࠶ࡊߢㅴ߼‫ޔ‬ᔅߕࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊᦼ㑆ࠍ⸳ߌ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬䋱䋱䋮䋨⹏ଔ䈫㗼ᓆ䋩ᚑᨐࠍႎ๔ߒ޽޿‫ޔ‬㑐ଥ⠪ోຬߦᐢߊࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢߔࠆߣ౒ߦ‫⦟ޔ‬ᅢߥขࠅ⚵ߺߪ㗼ᓆߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᩮ᜚࡮ࠛࡆ࠺ࡦࠬ '8+&'0%'㧔ᩮ᜚㧕࡮ ᣣᧄߩ⵾ㅧᬺ࡜ࠗࡦߦᓥ੐ߔࠆᓥᬺຬߦ߅޿ߡ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢ࡝ࠬ࠻╬ߩ࠷࡯࡞ࠍ↪޿ߚෳടဳ⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀᵴേߦࠃࠆࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬะ਄ലᨐࠍᬌ⸛ߒ⚿ᨐ‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏ⎇ⓥਛߦኻ⽎ડᬺߦ߅ߌ
ࠆ↢↥ᵴേ߇Ⴧടߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬ኻᾖ⟲ߦ߅޿ߡ♖␹ஜᐽ⺞ᩏᓧὐ㧔)*3 ᓧὐ㧕߇ᖡൻߒߡ޿ߚ৻ᣇ
ߢ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀ⟲ߢߪჇᖡߔࠆߎߣߥߊ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬㧘⥄ⷡ⊛ߥ઀੐ߩࡄࡈࠜ࡯ࡑࡦ߽ࠬะ਄ߒ
ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ 6UWVUWOK#GVCN㧔㧕 ࡮ ታᣉߐࠇߡ޿ࠆഭ௛⠪ෳടဳࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߪ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩᄙ㊀࡮ᄙ㕙ߥᔃりਔ㕙ߦࠊߚࠆࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ
ⷐ࿃ߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬㧝㧕⡯႐ࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉᒻᚑ‫ޔ‬㧞㧕ᄙ㗔ၞᡷༀ‫ޔ‬㧟㧕ᡷༀႎ๔ળߦࠃࠆ⛮⛯ᡷༀ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬OSH-MS ߦ߅ߌࠆ⸘↹‫⹏ࠢࠬ࡝ޔ‬ଔ࡮ૐᷫ‫⸥ޔ‬㍳ߣ⷗⋥ߒߦᓎ┙ߟ‫ޕ‬ഭ௛⠪ෳടဳࠍଦㅴߔࠆ࠷࡯࡞ߢ޽ࠆ⦟ᅢ੐଀‫ߩ࠻ࠬ࡝ࠢ࠶ࠚ࠴ࡦ࡚ࠪࠢࠕޔ‬ᵴ↪‫ޔ‬ෳടဳߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ⸛⼏ߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬⡯႐߆ࠄߩⓍᭂ⊛ߥឭ⸒߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆ‫⥄ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ਥឭ᩺ߢ޽ࠆ
ߎߣ߆ࠄታᣉߐࠇ߿ߔߊ‫ޔ‬ႎ๔߽㑐ᔃࠍ๭߮‫⊛⛯⛮ޔ‬ᡷༀߦ⚿߮ઃߌ߿ߔߊߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ട߃ߡ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ෳടဳߩࠬ࠻࡟੍ࠬ㒐ᵴേߪ‫ޔ‬ෳടଦㅴߢߔߋߩᡷༀⓍߺ਄ߍ߇ኈᤃߣߥࠅ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩ቟ోᢥൻߩቯ⌕‫ޔ‬ᔃりਔ㕙ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬⷐ࿃ߩシᷫߣ᦭ലߦ૞↪ߔࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧔ศᎹ 2009㧕‫ޕ‬䉮䊮䉶䊮䉰䉴 㪘㪚㪫㪠㪦㪥㪪䋨ផᅑ䈘䉏䉎ข䉍⚵䉂䋩㩷࡮ ⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߩታᣉߣ⹏ଔߪ‫ߢࡊ࠶࠹ࠬࠗࡃࡊ࠶࠹ࠬޔ‬ㅴ߼‫ޔ‬ᔅߕࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊᦼ㑆ࠍ⸳ߌ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
࡮ ᚑᨐࠍႎ๔ߒ޽޿‫ޔ‬㑐ଥ⠪ోຬߦᐢߊࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢߔࠆߣ౒ߦ‫⦟ޔ‬ᅢߥขࠅ⚵ߺߪ㗼ᓆߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㩷૗䉕䈭䈜䈼䈐䈎 㪪㪦㪤㪜㩷㪤㪦㪩㪜㩷㪟㪠㪥㪫㪪䋨䈠䈱ઁ䈱᦭↪䈭䊍䊮䊃䋩㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷

−  −

⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚䈮ၮ䈨䈒䊜䊮䉺䊦䊓䊦䉴ኻ╷䉧䉟䊄䊤䉟䊮䋨⡯႐ⅣႺ╬䈱⹏ଔ䈫ᡷༀ䋩㩷+ᒁ↪ᢥ₂࡝ࠬ࠻ෘ ↢ ഭ ௛ ⋭  ᐔ ᚑ  ᐕ ഭ ௛ ⠪ ஜ ᐽ ⁁ ᴫ ⺞ ᩏ ⚿ ᨐ ߩ ᭎ ᴫ 
JVVRYYYOJNYIQLRVQWMGKKVKTCPTQWFQWUCKICKCP\GPMGPMQWKPFGZJVON #EEGUUGF /CTEJ 
੐ᬺ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽ଻ᜬჇㅴߩߚ߼ߩᜰ㊎㧔ᐔᚑ 㧤ᐕ࡮ෘ↢ഭ௛⋭㧕
6GVTKEM.'3WKEM,%2TGXGPVKQPCVYQTM2WDNKEJGCNVJKPQEEWRCVKQPCNUGVVKPIU3WKEM,%6GVTKEM
.' GFU *CPFDQQMQH1EEWRCVKQPCN*GCNVJ2U[EJQNQI[#OGTKECP2U[EJQNQIKECN#UUQEKCVKQP9CUJKPIVQP&%RR
Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ㧘ፉᵤ᣿ੱ㧘࿯ደ᡽㓶㧘ႇ ᣿⚐  ↥ᬺࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷㧦⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߩ⃻⁁ߣߘߩᔕ↪㧚↥ᬺකቇ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯  㧚
-CTCUGM45VTGUURTGXGPVKQPVJTQWIJYQTMTGQTICPK\CVKQPCUWOOCT[QHKPVGTPCVKQPCNECUGUVWFKGU
+.1EQPFKVKQPUQHYQTMFKIGUVRTGXGPVKPIUVTGUUCVYQTM  
-CYCMCOK0#TCMK5-CYCUJKOC//CUWOQVQ6*C[CUJK6  'HHGEVUQHYQTMTGNCVGF
UVTGUUTGFWEVKQPQPFGRTGUUKXGU[ORVQOUCOQPI,CRCPGUGDNWGEQNNCTYQTMGTU5ECPFKPCXKCP,QWTPCNQH
9QTM'PXKTQPOGPVCN*GCNVJ  

$CODTC%'ICP/6JQOCU52GVVKETGY/9JKVGJGCF/  6JGRU[EJQUQEKCNCPFJGCNVJ
GHHGEVUQHYQTMRNCEGTGQTICPKUCVKQP#U[UVGOCVKETGXKGYQHVCUMTGUVTWEVWTKPIKPVGTXGPVKQPU,QWTPCNQH'RKFGOKQNQI[CPF%QOOWPKV[*GCNVJ  

'ICP/$CODTC%6JQOCU52GVVKETGY/9JKVGJGCF/6JQOUQP*  6JGRU[EJQUQEKCN
CPF JGCNVJ GHHGEVU QH YQTMRNCEG TGQTICPKUCVKQP  # U[UVGOCVKE TGXKGY QH QTICPKUCVKQPCNNGXGNKPVGTXGPVKQPUVJCVCKOVQKPETGCUGGORNQ[GGEQPVTQN,QWTPCNQH'RKFGOKQNQI[CPF%QOOWPKV[*GCNVJ  
.COQPVCIPG#&-GGIGN6.QWKG#/1UVT[#.CPFUDGTIKU2#  #U[UVGOCVKETGXKGYQHVJGLQDUVTGUUKPVGTXGPVKQPGXCNWCVKQPNKVGTCVWTG +PVGTPCVKQPCN,QWTPCNQH
1EEWRCVKQPCNCPF'PXKTQPOGPVCN*GCNVJ  
 /CTVKP#5CPFGTUQP-%QEMGT(  /GVCCPCN[UKUQHVJGGHHGEVUQHJGCNVJRTQOQVKQPKPVGTXGPVKQPKPVJGYQTMRNCEGQPFGRTGUUKQPCPFCPZKGV[U[ORVQOU 5ECPFKPCXKCP,QWTPCNQH9QTM'PXKTQPOGPVCPF*GCNVJ  
 4KEJCTFUQP-/4QVJUVGKP*4  'HHGEVUQHQEEWRCVKQPCNUVTGUUOCPCIGOGPVKPVGTXGPVKQPRTQITCOUCOGVCCPCN[UKU,QWTPCNQH1EEWRCVKQPCN*GCNVJ2U[EJQNQI[  
 4WQVUCNCKPGP,5GTTC%/CTKPG#8GTDGGM,  5[UVGOCVKETGXKGYQHKPVGTXGPVKQPU
HQTTGFWEKPIQEEWRCVKQPCNUVTGUUKPJGCNVJECTGYQTMGTU5ECPFKPCXKCP,QWTPCNQH9QTM'PXKTQPOGPVCPF*GCNVJ  
 XCPFGT-NKPM,,$NQPM495EJGPG#*XCP&KLM(,  6JGDGPGHKVUQHKPVGTXGPVKQPU
HQTYQTMTGNCVGFUVTGUU#OGTKECP,QWTPCNQH2WDNKE*GCNVJ   ศᎹᔀ㧘Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ㧘ዊᧁ๺ቁ㧘ႇ᣿⚐㧘ፉᵤ⟤↱♿㧘㐳⷗߹߈ሶ㧘ፉᵤ᣿ੱ㧚⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߩߚ߼ߩࡔࡦ࠲
࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢ࡝ࠬ࠻ߩ㐿⊒↥ⴡ⹹  
 -QDC[CUJK;-CPG[QUJK#;QMQVC#-CYCMCOK0'HHGEVUQHCYQTMGTRCTVKEKRCVQT[RTQITCOHQTKORTQXKPIYQTMGPXKTQPOGPVUQPLQDUVTGUUQTUCPFOGPVCNJGCNVJCOQPIYQTMGTUCEQPVTQNNGFVTKCN,1EEWR*GCNVJ

 6UWVUWOK#0CICOK/;QUJKMCYC6-QIK--CYCMCOK02CTVKEKRCVQT[KPVGTXGPVKQPHQTYQTMRNCEG
KORTQXGOGPVUQPOGPVCNJGCNVJCPFLQDRGTHQTOCPEGCOQPIDNWGEQNNCTYQTMGTUCENWUVGTTCPFQOK\GF
EQPVTQNNGFVTKCN,1EEWR'PXKTQP/GF ႇ᣿⚐㧘ፉᵤ᣿ੱ㧘౉੤ᵗᒾ㧘ศᎹᔀ㧘Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ㧚⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ⺞ᩏ␿ߣ⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߩߚ߼ߩࡅࡦ࠻㓸ࠍᵴ↪ߒߚ⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀ㧚↥ᬺࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ⎇ⓥ㧚㧧  㧦㧚 ᒫ౷⟤ᄹሶ㧚㧔ᩣ㧕57/%1 ߦ߅ߌࠆࠬ࠻࡟ࠬシᷫࠍ⋡ᜰߒߚ૞ᬺⅣႺᡷༀᵴേ㧚੐ᬺ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ߩታ㓙 2㧙 ਛᄩἴኂ㒐ᱛදળ  ᐕ㧝᦬ ᒫ౷⟤ᄹሶ㧚࡜ࠗࡦ▤ℂ⠪ࠍਛᔃߣߒߚ⡯႐⥄ਥᵴേߢஜᐽ࡝ࠬࠢૐᷫࠍታ⃻㧚ᔃߣ߆ࠄߛߩࠝࠕࠪࠬ 0Q
Rਛᄩἴኂ㒐ᱛදળ  ᐕ ᒫ౷⟤ᄹሶ㧚Ⓧᭂ⊛ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ⡯႐ⅣႺᒻᚑᡰេ㧚㑐⷏⑔␩⑼ቇᄢቇ '#2 ⎇ⓥᚲ♿
ⷐ 㧞㧦 ᒫ౷⟤ᄹሶ㧚ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߣ࡝ࠬࠢࠕ࠮ࠬࡔࡦ࠻㧚ഭ௛቟ోⴡ↢ᐢႎ 8QN R ᐕ  ᦬0Q ᷰㄝ⵨ᤩ㧚޿޿ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍၮᧄߦ⡯႐߳ߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߢࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞੍ࠬ㒐ኻ╷ߩ⊒ዷࠍ㧚⡯႐ᡷༀࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠩ࡯ㅢା㧚㧧  㧦㧚 ⑔ጟ⋵ᄢ—↰Ꮢ㧚ੑߟߩ࠷࡯࡞ࠍ᦭ലᵴ↪ߒ⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߩലᨐ⊛ߦㅴ߼ࠆ㧚቟ోߣஜᐽࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓ㧚ᐕ  ᦬ภ‫ޔ‬R㧚 ෳടဳᡷༀᵴേߩㅴ߼ᣇ  ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢ࡝ࠬ࠻ࠍᵴ↪ߒߡ㧚⥄ᴦ૕ഭ቟⎇࡝࡯ࡈ࡟࠶࠻‫ ޔ‬ᐕ ෳടဳᡷༀᵴേߩㅴ߼ᣇ  ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࡢ࡯ࠢࠍᵴ↪ߒߡ㧚⥄ᴦ૕ഭ቟⎇࡝࡯ࡈ࡟࠶࠻‫ ޔ‬ᐕ−  −

⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚䈮ၮ䈨䈒䊜䊮䉺䊦䊓䊦䉴ኻ╷䉧䉟䊄䊤䉟䊮䋨⡯႐ⅣႺ╬䈱⹏ଔ䈫ᡷༀ䋩㩷












ศᎹᔀ㧚࿾ᣇ౏౒࿅૕ߦ߅ߌࠆ⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀࠍㅢߓߚࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷㧚቟ోߣஜᐽࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓ㧚 ᐕ ᦬ภ‫ޔ‬R
ဈ↰⍮ሶ㧘⍹ᯅ㕒㚅㧘ศᎹᔀ㧘ႇ᣿⚐㧘ዊᧁ๺ቁ㧘㐳⷗߹߈ሶ㧘❱↰ㅴක≮ᯏ㑐ߦ߅ߌࠆࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬ
ኻ╷ߦ㊀ὐࠍ߅޿ߚෳടဳ⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀഭ௛⑼ቇ  
ศᎹᔀ✬⪺㧚ක≮ᣉ⸳╬ߦ߅ߌࠆࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬะ਄ߩߚ߼ߩ⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢࡐࠗࡦ࠻㧚Ꮉፒ㧧ഭ⎇಴ ‫ ޔ‬ᐕ  ᦬#[WOK1ICOK6CMCUJK/WV6QTW;QUJKMCYC-C\WVCMC-QIK2TKOCT[RTGXGPVKQPKPOCPCIKPIOGPVCNJGCNVJ
D[WUKPIOGPVCNJGCNVJCEVKQPEJGEMNKUVVJTQWIJRCTVKEKRCVQT[VTCKPKPIHQTUWRGTXKUQT[GORNQ[GGUCV
VJGHKPCPEKCNKPFWUVT[+%1*%+5/' 2CTKU(TCPEG1EV 㧚#DUVTCEVDQQMR᳗↰㗉ผ㧚⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߩߚ߼ߩ⺞ᩏ␿㧔/+4414㧕ߩ㐿⊒㨪⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷㨪 1P/CTEJ
#EEGUUGFCVJVVRYYYWQGJWCELR,2WPKXGTUKV[EQQRGTCVKQPNCDQNKPMRFHRFH 
6CJCTC*;COCFC60CICHWEJK-5JKTCMCYC%5W\WMK-/CHWPG--WDQVC5*KTQ*/KUJKOC00CICVC
5&GXGNQROGPVQHCYQTMKORTQXGOGPVEJGEMNKUVHQTQEEWRCVKQPCNOGPVCNJGCNVJHQEWUGFQPTGSWGUVUHTQOYQTMGTU,1EEWR*GCNVJ  
⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬࠟࠗ࠼㧚↥ᬺක⑼ᄢቇ↥ᬺ↢ᘒ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ࡮♖␹଻ஜቇᢎቶ㧚JVVRQOJRIKPHQKPFGZJVON⍹Ꮉᶈੑ‫⧃ޔ‬ේ⌬㧚⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ $,53 ߣࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬᡷༀᗧ⼂⺞ᩏ␿ /+4414 ࠍ↪޿ߚ⡯႐੺౉㧚↥ᬺࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ⎇ⓥ  

࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߦ↪޿ߚ  ઙߩᢥ₂
#WUV$2GVGT45KGITKUV,5VTGUUOCPCIGOGPVKPDWUFTKXGTU#RKNQVUVWF[DCUGFQPVJGOQFGNQHGHHQTVTGYCTFKODCNCPEG+PVGTPCVKQPCN,QWTPCNQH5VTGUU/CPCIGOGPV  
$QPF(9$WPEG&,QDEQPVTQNOGFKCVGUEJCPIGKPCYQTMTGQTICPK\CVKQPKPVGTXGPVKQPHQTUVTGUUTGFWEVKQP,1EEWR*GCNVJ2U[EJQN  
$QWTDQPPCKU4$TKUUQP%8KPGV#8G\KPC/#DFQWU$)CWFGV/'HHGEVKXGPGUUQHCRCTVKEKRCVKXGKPVGTXGPVKQPQPRU[EJQUQEKCNYQTMHCEVQTUVQRTGXGPVOGPVCNJGCNVJRTQDNGOUKPCJQURKVCNUGVVKPI
1EEWR'PXKTQP/GF  
$QWTDQPPCKU 4 $TKUUQP % 8KPGV # 8G\KPC / .QYGT #  &GXGNQROGPV CPF KORNGOGPVCVKQP QH C
RCTVKEKRCVKXGKPVGTXGPVKQPVQKORTQXGVJGRU[EJQUQEKCNYQTMGPXKTQPOGPVCPFOGPVCNJGCNVJKPCPCEWVGECTGJQURKVCN1EEWR'PXKTQP/GF  
$WPEG & 9GUV /#  5VTGUU OCPCIGOGPV CPF KPPQXCVKQP KPVGTXGPVKQPU CV YQTM *WOCP 4GNCVKQPU  
%CTVYTKIJV5%QQRGT%.9JCVOQTG.+ORTQXKPIEQOOWPKECVKQPUCPFJGCNVJKPCIQXGTPOGPVFGRCTVOGPV+P/WTRJ[.4%QQRGT%.GFKVQTU*GCNVJ[CPFRTQFWEVKXGYQTMCPKPVGTPCVKQPCNRGTURGEVKXG.QPFQP6C[NQT(TCPEKUR%QWPVG/#$CTJ[VG&;%JTKUVOCP.22CTVKEKRCVKXGOCPCIGOGPVCOQPIUVCHHPWTUGU*QUR*GCNVJ5GTX
#FO  
'TKMUUQP+/QUGT87PFGP#.1TVJ)QOGT-7UKPIMPQYNGFIGCPFFKUEWUUKQPVQFGETGCUGUVTGUUKP
5YGFKUJRWDNKECFOKPKUVTCVKQPQHHKEKCNU%QPFKVKQPUQH9QTM&KIGUV
'XCPQHH$#$QJT2%9QNH.&'HHGEVUQHCRCTVKEKRCVQT[GTIQPQOKEUVGCOCOQPIJQURKVCNQTFGTNKGU
#O,+PF/GF  
*GCPG[%#+UTCGN$#5EJWTOCP5,$CMGT'#*QWUG,5*WIGPVQDNGT/+PFWUVTKCNTGNCVKQPUYQTMUKVGUVTGUUTGFWEVKQPCPFGORNQ[GGYGNNDGKPICRCTVKEKRCVQT[CEVKQPTGUGCTEJKPXGUVKICVKQP,QWTPCN
QH1TICPK\CVKQPCN$GJCXKQT  
*GTVVKPI#0KNUUQP-6JGQTGNN6.CTUUQP752GTUQPPGNTGFWEVKQPUCPFUVTWEVWTCNEJCPIGUKPJGCNVJECTGYQTMNKHGGZRGTKGPEGUQHOGFKECNUGETGVCTKGU,2U[EJQUQO4GU  +PPUVTCPF56'URPGU)#/[MNGVWP4,QDUVTGUUDWTPQWVCPFLQDUCVKUHCEVKQP#PKPVGTXGPVKQPUVWF[HQTUVCHHYQTMKPIYKVJRGQRNGYKVJKPVGNNGEVWCNFKUCDKNKVKGU,QWTPCNQH#RRNKGF4GUGCTEJKP+PVGNNGEVWCN&KUCDKNKVKGU  
-CYCMCOK0#TCMK5-CYCUJKOC//CUWOQVQ6*C[CUJK6'HHGEVUQHYQTMTGNCVGFUVTGUUTGFWEVKQPQPFGRTGUUKXGU[ORVQOUCOQPI,CRCPGUGDNWGEQNNCTYQTMGTU5ECPF,9QTM'PXKTQP*GCNVJ  
.CPFUDGTIKU2#8KXQPCXCWIJCP''XCNWCVKQPQHCPQEEWRCVKQPCNUVTGUUKPVGTXGPVKQPKPCRWDNKECIGPE[,QWTPCNQH1TICPK\CVKQPCN$GJCXKQT  .QICP/5)CPUVGT&%#PGZRGTKOGPVCNGXCNWCVKQPQHCEQPVTQNKPVGTXGPVKQPVQCNNGXKCVGLQDTGNCVGF
UVTGUU,QWTPCNQH/CPCIGOGPV  .QWTKLUGP'*QWVOCP+-QORKGT/)TWPFGOCPP46JG0GVJGTNCPFUCJQURKVCNJGCNVJ[YQTMKPIHQT
JGCNVJ+P-QORKGT/#,%QQRGT%.GFKVQTU2TGXGPVKPIUVTGUUKORTQXKPIRTQFWEVKXKV['WTQRGCP
ECUGUVWFKGUKPVJGYQTMRNCEG.QPFQP4QWVNGFIGR
/CGU58GTJQGXGP%-KVVGN(5EJQNVGP*'HHGEVUQHC&WVEJYQTMUKVGYGNNPGUUJGCNVJRTQITCO−  −

⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚䈮ၮ䈨䈒䊜䊮䉺䊦䊓䊦䉴ኻ╷䉧䉟䊄䊤䉟䊮䋨⡯႐ⅣႺ╬䈱⹏ଔ䈫ᡷༀ䋩㩷

VJG$TCDCPVKC2TQLGEV#O,2WDNKE*GCNVJ  
/GNEJKQT/'2JKNKRUGP*#DW5CCF***CNHGPU4,XCPFG$GTI##)CUUOCP26JGGHHGEVKXGPGUU
QH RTKOCT[ PWTUKPI QP DWTPQWV COQPI RU[EJKCVTKE PWTUGU KP NQPIUVC[ UGVVKPIU , #FX 0WTU
  /KEJKG59TGP$9KNNKCOU54GFWEKPICDUGPVGGKUOKPJQURKVCNENGCPKPIUVCHHRKNQVQHCVJGQT[DCUGFKPVGTXGPVKQP1EEWR'PXKTQP/GF  
/KMMGNUGP#5CMUXKM21+ORCEVQHCRCTVKEKRCVQT[QTICPK\CVKQPCNKPVGTXGPVKQPQPLQDEJCTCEVGTKUVKEU
CPFLQDUVTGUU+PV,*GCNVJ5GTX  
/KMMGNUGP#5CMUXKM21.CPFUDGTIKU26JGKORCEVQHCRCTVKEKRCVQT[QTICPK\CVKQPCNKPVGTXGPVKQPQPLQDUVTGUUKPEQOOWPKV[JGCNVJECTGKPUVKVWVKQPU9QTMCPF5VTGUU  
/WP\&%-QJNGT,/)TGGPDGTI%+'HHGEVKXGPGUUQHCEQORTGJGPUKXGYQTMUKVGUVTGUUOCPCIGOGPVRTQITCO%QODKPKPIQTICPK\CVKQPCNCPFKPFKXKFWCNKPVGTXGPVKQPU+PVGTPCVKQPCN,QWTPCNQH5VTGUU/CPCIGOGPV  0KLJWKU(,.GPFHGTU/&G,QPI#,CPUUGP2#OGPV#5VTGUUTGNCVGFKPVGTXGPVKQPUKPEQPUVTWEVKQPYQTM+P%QQRGT%..KWMMQPGP2%CTVYTKIJV5GFKVQTU5VTGUU2TGXGPVKQPKPVJG9QTMRNCEG#UUGUUKPIVJG%QUVUCPF$GPGHKVUVQ1TICPKUCVKQPU&WDNKP7-'WTQRGCP(QWPFCVKQPHQTVJG
+ORTQXGOGPVQH.KXKPICPF9QTMKPI%QPFKVKQPU
1TVJ)QOGT-'TKMUUQP+/QUGT86JGQTGNN6(TGFNWPF2.KRKFNQYGTKPIVJTQWIJYQTMUVTGUUTGFWEVKQP+PV,$GJCX/GF  
2CTM-15EJCHHGT$5)TKHHKP$NCMG%5&GLQ[&/9KNUQP/)8CPFGPDGTI4,'HHGEVKXGPGUUQHCJGCNVJ[YQTMQTICPK\CVKQPKPVGTXGPVKQPGVJPKEITQWRFKHHGTGPEGU,1EEWR'PXKTQP/GF  
2CTMGT5-%JOKGN09CNN6&9QTMEJCTCEVGTKUVKEUCPFGORNQ[GGYGNNDGKPIYKVJKPCEQPVGZVQH
UVTCVGIKEFQYPUK\KPI,1EEWR*GCNVJ2U[EJQN  
5EJCWDTQGEM , )CPUVGT &% 5KOG 9' &KVOCP &  # HKGNF GZRGTKOGPV VGUVKPI UWRGTXKUQT[ TQNG
ENCTKHKECVKQP2GTUQPPGN2U[EJQNQI[  
5OKVJ.*COOQPF6/CEFQPCNF+(QNMCTF5JUJKHVUCTGRQRWNCTDWVCTGVJG[CUQNWVKQP!
+PVGTPCVKQPCN,QWTPCNQH+PFWUVTKCN'TIQPQOKEU  
XCP&KGTGPFQPEM&5EJCWHGNK9$$WWPM$26JGGXCNWCVKQPQHCPKPFKXKFWCNDWTPQWVKPVGTXGPVKQPRTQITCO6JGTQNGQHKPGSWKV[CPFUQEKCNUWRRQTV,#RRN2U[EJQN  
9CNN6&%NGII%9#NQPIKVWFKPCNHKGNFUVWF[QHITQWRYQTMTGFGUKIP,QWTPCNQH1EEWRCVKQPCN$GJCXKQWT  
9QQFYCTF%#5JCPPQP*5%WPPKPIJCO%/E+PVQUJ,.GPFTWO$4QUGPDNQQO&$TQYP,6JGKORCEVQHTGGPIKPGGTKPICPFQVJGTEQUVTGFWEVKQPUVTCVGIKGUQPVJGUVCHHQHCNCTIGVGCEJKPIJQURKVCNCNQPIKVWFKPCNUVWF[/GF%CTG  
-QDC[CUJK;-CPG[QUJK#;QMQVC#-CYCMCOK0'HHGEVUQHCYQTMGTRCTVKEKRCVQT[RTQITCOHQTKORTQXKPIYQTMGPXKTQPOGPVUQPLQDUVTGUUQTUCPFOGPVCNJGCNVJCOQPIYQTMGTUCEQPVTQNNGFVTKCN,1EEWR*GCNVJ
6UWVUWOK # 0CICOK / ;QUJKMCYC 6 -QIK - -CYCMCOK 0 2CTVKEKRCVQT[ KPVGTXGPVKQP HQT YQTMRNCEG
KORTQXGOGPVUQPOGPVCNJGCNVJCPFLQDRGTHQTOCPEGCOQPIDNWGEQNNCTYQTMGTUCENWUVGTTCPFQOK\GF
EQPVTQNNGFVTKCN,1EEWR'PXKTQP/GF−  −

⾗ᢱ䋲䋺⡯႐ⅣႺ╬䈱⹏ଔ䈫ᡷༀ䊙䊆䊠䉝䊦䈱૞ᚑ䊶ᅢ੐଀䈱෼㓸⚿ᨐ䋨ෘഭ⑼䋨Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ⃰䋩ಽᜂ⎇ⓥ⠪ศᎹᔀ䋺⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚䈮䉋䉎䉧䉟䊄䊤䉟䊮㐿⊒䋺⡯႐ⅣႺ╬䈱⹏ଔ䈫ᡷༀ䈱᥉෸䊶ᶐㅘ䋨ᐕ⋡䋩䋩

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩΁ẨởẴẟᎰ‫ئ‬ếẪụỆࢫᇌếᵔ᪸؏ἳὅἑἽἪἽἋỉẺỜỉᎰ‫ئ‬࿢‫ؾ‬ોծᎰ‫ئ‬࿢‫ؾ‬ોծỉẺỜỉἤὅἚᨼỂẴẴỜỦἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾂ὿⎇ୃ↪䊌䊪䊷䊘䉟䊮䊃ర䊂䊷䉺ᝠ‫ׇ‬ඥʴі΁ᅹ‫ܖ‬ᄂᆮ৑Ӵ߷࣋ᵍ‫ݱ‬ஙԧܑ䌁䋮૞ᬺ⸘↹䈻䈱ෳട䈫ᖱႎ䈱౒᦭ዋੱᢙන૏䈱ⵙ㊂▸࿐䋬ㆊᄢ䈭૞ᬺ㊂䈱⺞ᢛ䋬ᖱႎ䈱౒᦭䌂䋮ൕോᤨ㑆䈫૞ᬺ✬ᚑ䊉䊷ᱷᬺᣣ䈭䈬䈱⋡ᮡ䋬䊏䊷䉪૞ᬺᤨ䈱૞ᬺᄌᦝ䋬੤ઍ೙䋬ભᣣ䌃䋮౞Ṗ䈭૞ᬺᚻ㗅‛ຠ䈱ข䉍ᛒ䈇䋬ᖱႎ౉ᚻ䋬෻ᓳ૞ᬺ䈱ᡷༀ䋬૞ᬺ䊚䉴㒐ᱛ

䌄䋮૞ᬺ႐ⅣႺ᷷ᾲ䍃㖸ⅣႺ䋬᦭ኂ‛⾰ኻᔕ䋬ฃേ༛ᾍ䈱㒐ᱛ䋬ભ㙃⸳஻䋬✕ᕆᤨኻᔕ䌅䋮⡯႐ౝ䈱⋧੕ᡰេ⋧⺣䈚䉇䈜䈘䋬䉼䊷䊛䊪䊷䉪䈧䈒䉍䋬઀੐䈱⹏ଔ䋬⡯႐㑆䈱⋧੕ᡰេ

䌆䋮቟ᔃ䈪䈐䉎⡯႐䈱䈚䈒䉂⸷䈋䈻䈱ኻಣ䋬⥄Ꮖ▤ℂ䈱⎇ୃ䋬઀੐䈱⷗ㅢ䈚䋬᣹ᩰᯏળ䈱౏ᐔൻ䋬✕ᕆ䈱ᔃ䈱䉬䉝

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩ᵟώ˺ಅᚘဒồỉӋьểऴ‫إ‬ỉσஊ






૞ᬺ䈱ᣣ⒟૞ᚑ䈮ෳട䈜䉎ᚻ㗅䉕ቯ䉄䉎ዋੱᢙන૏䈱ⵙ㊂▸࿐䉕Ⴧ䉇䈜୘ੱ䈅䈢䉍䈱ㆊᄢ䈭૞ᬺ㊂䈏䈅䉏䈳⷗⋥䈜ฦ⥄䈱ಽᜂ૞ᬺ䉕㆐ᚑ㑆䈅䉎䉅䈱䈮䈜䉎ᔅⷐ䈭ᖱႎ䈏ోຬ䈮ᱜ䈚䈒વ䉒䉎䉋䈉䈮䈜䉎ᦺ䈱䊚䊷䊁䉞䊮䉫䈪ᖱႎ౒᦭䋨਄䋺䌆䌔∛㒮㓸ਛᴦ≮ㇱ䋬ਅ䋺ᑪᯏ䊜䊷䉦䊷㐿⊒ㇱ䋩 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋱䋭䋱 ↢↥⃻႐䈭䈬䈪䈲䇮ฦ⡯႐න૏䈪䉿䊷䊦䊗䉾䉪䉴䊚䊷䊁䉞䊮䉫䈭䈬䉕ᵴ↪䈚䉁䈜䇯㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩ἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾁ‫ݲ‬ʴૠҥˮỉᘶ᣽ር‫׊‬ử‫ف‬ởẲộẴ 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋭 ૞ᬺో૕䉕⷗ᷰ䈚䈩䇮ዊ䉫䊦䊷䊒䈭䈇䈚න૏ㇱ⟑䈗䈫䈮છ䈞䈩䉋䈇▸࿐䉕⸳ቯ䈚䉁䈜䇯છ䈞䈩䉋䈇▸࿐䉕⸳ቯ䈚䉁䈜䇯

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

ἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾀ˺ಅỉଐᆉ˺঺ỆӋьẴỦ৖᪯ử‫ܭ‬ỜộẴોծồỉἤὅἚίᾀὸᾉἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᵟᵏᵋᵓ

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩−  −



7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

ἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾂ̾ʴ࢘Ẻụỉᢅ‫ٻ‬ễ˺ಅ᣽ầẝủịᙸႺẲộẴ 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋳䋭䋱 ቯᦼ⊛䈭䊚䊷䊁䉞䊮䉫䈱ਛ䈪䇮ฦ⥄䈏ᜂᒰ䈚䈩䈇䉎઀੐䈱ᢙ䉇ㅴⴕ⁁ᴫ䉕ႎ๔䈚䈅䈦䈩䇮઀੐㊂䉕⺞ᢛ䈚䉁䈜䇯 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋲䋭䋲 䊃䊤䊑䊦䈮⚦䈎䈒ኻᔕ䈪䈐䉎䉋䈉䈮ዊ䉫䊦䊷䊒䈗䈫䈮䉰䊑䊥䊷䉻䊷䉕છ๮䈚䈩ᮭ㒢䉕⒖⼑䈚䉁䈜䇯 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋱䋭䋲 ฦㇱ㐷䈱䊜䊮䊋䊷䉇૞ᬺ䉼䊷䊛䈏䇮䈫䈐䈬䈐䊚䊷䊁䉞䊮䉫䈱ᯏળ䉕ᜬ䈩䉎䉋䈉䈚䈩䇮⡯႐ో૕䈱૞ᬺᚻ㗅䉕⷗⋥䈚䉁䈜䇯 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋳䋭䋲 䈫䈒䈮❥ᔔᦼ䈲䇮ኻᔕ䈮ᘠ䉏䈢୘ੱ䈮૞ᬺ䈏㓸ਛ䈚䉇䈜䈇䈱䈪䇮ᐔᤨ䈎䉌૞ᬺ㊂䉕◲න䈮⏕⹺䈪䈐䉎䉋䈉䈮䈚䈩䇮૞ᬺ䈏ㆊᐲ䈮㓸ਛ䈚䈭䈇䉋䈉䈮䈚䉁䈜䇯⾗ᢱ䋲䋺⡯႐ⅣႺ╬䈱⹏ଔ䈫ᡷༀ䊙䊆䊠䉝䊦䈱૞ᚑ䊶ᅢ੐଀䈱෼㓸⚿ᨐ䋨ෘഭ⑼䋨Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ⃰䋩ಽᜂ⎇ⓥ⠪ศᎹᔀ䋺⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚䈮䉋䉎䉧䉟䊄䊤䉟䊮㐿⊒䋺⡯႐ⅣႺ╬䈱⹏ଔ䈫ᡷༀ䈱᥉෸䊶ᶐㅘ䋨ᐕ⋡䋩䋩㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋴䋭䋱 න૏૞ᬺ䉕᣿⏕䈮䈚䈩䇮න૏૞ᬺ䈗䈫䈮䈠䈱ᚑᨐ䈏⏕䈎䉄䉌䉏䉎䉋䈉䈮䈚䉁䈜䇯㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩ἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾄ࣏ᙲễऴ‫إ‬ầμՃỆദẲẪˡỪỦợạỆẲộẴ 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋵䋭䋱 ⡯႐䈱਄ม䉇ห௥䈲䇮੹ᦚ䇮੹ㅳ䈬䈱䉋䈉䈭઀੐ಽᜂ䈮䈭䈦䈩䈇䈩䇮಴ᒛ䈭䈬䈏䈅䉎䈎䈭䈇䈎䈭䈬䈏䉒䈎䉎䉋䈉䈭䊗䊷䊄䉕૞ᚑ䈚䉁䈜䇯 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋴䋭䋲 න⺞䈭૞ᬺ䈫ⶄ㔀䈭૞ᬺ䉕⚵䉂ว䉒䈞䇮૞ᬺ䈱䊥䉵䊛䈨䈒䉍䉕ㅴ䉄䉁䈜䇯

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩ἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾃӲᐯỉЎਃ˺ಅửᢋ঺ज़ẝỦờỉỆẲộẴ 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋵䋭䋲 ฦ૞ᬺ䉇઀੐ౝኈ䈏䇮䈠䈱૞ᬺ䈮㑐ㅪ䈚䈢ഭ௛⠪䈮વ䉒䉎䉋䈉䈮䇮䊆䊠䊷䉴䊧䉺䊷䉇␠ౝႎ䇮㒮ౝ䊆䊠䊷䉴䈭䈬䉕૞䉍䉁䈜䇯

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩ἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾅі΁଺᧓ỉႸ೅ử‫ܭ‬ỜẆസಅỉँࠝ҄ửễẪẲộẴ

ોծồỉἤὅἚίᾁὸᾉἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᵠᵔᵋᵏᵎ

ᵠᵌѮѦ଺᧓Сể˺ಅỉኵỚᇌề૾ửોծẴỦ ഭ௛ᤨ㑆䈱⋡ᮡ୯䉕ቯ䉄䋬ᱷᬺ䈱ᕡᏱൻ䉕䈭䈒䈜 ❥ᔔᤨ䉇䊏䊷䉪૞ᬺᤨ䈱૞ᬺᣇᴺ䉕ᡷༀ䈜䉎 ભᣣ䊶ભᥜ䈏චಽข䉏䉎䉋䈉䈮䈜䉎 ൕോᤨ㑆೙䋬੤ઍ೙䉕ᡷༀ䈜䉎  ୘ੱ䈱↢ᵴ᧦ઙ䈮ว䉒䈞䈩ൕോ⺞ഭ௛ᤨ㑆䈱⋡ᮡ୯䈱⸳ቯ䇮ᱷᬺᤨ㑆䈏ዋ䈭ᢛ䈏䈪䈐䉎䉋䈉䈮䈜䉎䈇䉴䉬䉳䊠䊷䊦૞ᚑ 䋨਄䋺ዊቇᩞ䋬ਅ䋺∛㒮䋩 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋶䋭䋱 ᱷᬺ䈏ᕡᏱൻ䈚䈭䈇䉋䈉䈮䇮૞ᬺ䈱೔㆐⋡ᮡ䈫ㅴ᝞䉕⏕⹺䈚䇮ᦚ䊶ㅳ䊶᦬䈗䈫䈮ഭ௛ᤨ㑆䈱⋡ᮡ୯䉕⸳ቯ䈚䉁䈜䇯 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋶䋭䋲 ᦐᦚ䈭䈬䈪䊉䊷ᱷᬺ䊂䊷䉕⸳ቯ䈚䇮৻ᢧ䈮Ꮻ䉎ᦚ䉕⸳䈔䇮䈠䉏䉕೨ឭ䈮ᬺോ䉴䉬䉳䊠䊷䊦䉕⚵䉂䉁䈜䇯㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩ἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾆጛࣕ஖ởἦὊἁ଺ỉ˺ಅ૾ඥửોծẲộẴ 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋷䊷䋱 ❥ᔔᦼ䉇䊏䊷䉪ᤨ䈱૞ᬺᣇᴺ䉕⷗⋥䈚䇮ᚻ㗅䈱ή㚝䉇㕖ല₸䈭ὐ䉕ᡷༀ䈚䉁䈜䇯 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋷䊷䋲 䊃䊤䊑䊦⊒↢ᤨ䈱ኻᔕ䈱ᣇ㊎䉕᣿⏕䈮䈚䇮․ቯ䈱୘ੱ䈏ኻᔕ䈜䉎䈱䈪䈲䈭䈒䇮⚵❱⊛䈮ᖱႎ౒᦭䈫ኻᔕ䉕ⴕ䈉䉋䈉䊦䊷䊦ൻ䈚䉁䈜䇯ἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾇ˞ଐὉ˞ୗầҗЎӕủỦợạỆẲộẴ 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋸䋭䋱 ⡯႐න૏䈪ભᥜ䈱ขᓧ⸘↹䉕᳿䉄䇮䈠䈱⸘↹䈮ว䉒䈞䈩઀੐䈱䉴䉬䉳䊠䊷䊦䉕⚵䉃䉋䈉䈮䈚䉁䈜䇯−  −

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋸䋭䋲 ભᥜਛ䈱ੱ䈱઀੐䈏ṛ䉌䈭䈇䉋䈉䇮ઍᦧ⠪䇮౒หಽᜂ⠪䈮䉅䉒䈎䉎䉋䈉䇮↳䈚ㅍ䉍䊉䊷䊃䈭䈬䉕ᵴ↪䈚䉁䈜䇯⾗ᢱ䋲䋺⡯႐ⅣႺ╬䈱⹏ଔ䈫ᡷༀ䊙䊆䊠䉝䊦䈱૞ᚑ䊶ᅢ੐଀䈱෼㓸⚿ᨐ䋨ෘഭ⑼䋨Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ⃰䋩ಽᜂ⎇ⓥ⠪ศᎹᔀ䋺⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚䈮䉋䉎䉧䉟䊄䊤䉟䊮㐿⊒䋺⡯႐ⅣႺ╬䈱⹏ଔ䈫ᡷༀ䈱᥉෸䊶ᶐㅘ䋨ᐕ⋡䋩䋩㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩ἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾈѮѦ˳СẆʩஆСửોծẲộẴ 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋹䋭䋱 ᷓᄛൕോ䈭䈬⽶ᜂ䈱ᄢ䈐䈇ൕോ䉕ᷫ䉌䈚䇮ᄌೣൕോ䈏ᔅⷐ䈭႐ว䈲䇮૞ᬺ䈱ว㑆䈮චಽ䈭ભᙑ䉕⏕଻䈚䉁䈜䇯

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

ἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾀ὿̾ʴỉဃ෇வˑỆӳỪẶềѮѦᛦૢầỂẨỦợạỆẲ
ộẴ 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋱䋰䋭䋱 ୘ੱ䈱ㇺว䉕વ䈋䉇䈜䈇䉋䈉䇮䈸䈣䉖䈎䉌਄ม䈏ㇱਅ䈱઀੐એᄖ䈱㕙䉅᳇䈮䈎䈔䇮䉮䊚䊠䊆䉬䊷䉲䊢䊮䉕䈫䉎ᯏળ䉕䈧䈒䉍䉁䈜䇯 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋹䋭䋲 ૞ᬺਛ䈮ㆡᐲ䈭ભᙑ䈏ข䉏䉎䉋䈉䇮䋱ᦚ䈱䉴䉬䉳䊠䊷䊦䈱ਛ䈮ભᙑᤨ㑆䉅⠨ᘦ䈮౉䉏䇮઀੐䈮䊜䊥䊊䊥䉕䈧䈔䉎䉋䈉⸘↹䈚䉁䈜䇯 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋱䋰䋭䋲 ᡰ㓚䈱䈭䈇▸࿐䈪䇮ભᥜขᓧ╬䉕฽䉃୘ੱ䉴䉬䉳䊠䊷䊦䉕䇮⡯႐౒᦭䈱䉴䉬䉳䊠䊷䊦䊗䊷䊄䈮䇮ᢙ䉦᦬వ䉁䈪⸥౉䈜䉎䉋䈉䈮ข䉍᳿䉄䉁䈜䇯㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

ἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾀᾀཋԼể᝻஬ỉӕụৢẟ૾ඥửોծẲềẆ᝟ਃử᠉ถẲộẴોծồỉἤὅἚίὸᾉἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚ 

ό๖ễ˺ಅ৖᪯ ‛ຠ䈫⾗᧚䈱ข䉍ᛒ䈇ᣇᴺ䉕ᡷༀ䈜䉎 ୘ੱ䈗䈫䈱૞ᬺ႐ᚲ䉕઀੐䈚䉇䈜䈒䈜䉎 ૞ᬺ䈱ᜰ␜䉇⴫␜ౝኈ䉕ಽ䈎䉍䉇䈜䈒䈜䉎 ෻ᓳ䊶ㆊኒ䊶න⺞૞ᬺ䉕ᡷༀ䈜䉎 ૞ᬺ䊚䉴㒐ᱛ╷䉕ᄙ㕙䈮⻠䈛䉎 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋱䋱䋭䋱 䈜䈓䈠䈳䈱ု⋥ⓨ㑆䉕᦭ല䈮೑↪䈚䇮ᄙᲑ䈱଻▤႐ᚲ䉕䈧䈒䉍䉁䈜䇯࿾㔡ኻ╷䈮䉅᳇䉕㈩䉍䉁䈜䇯 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋱䋱䋭䋲 ‛ຠ䈱⒖േ䈮䈲䇮ᚻ᛼䈚䉦䊷䊃䉇บゞ䈭䈬ゞベ䈱䈧䈇䈢ⵝ⟎䇮䂔䋭䊤䊷╬䉕ᵴ↪䈚䉁䈜䇯

㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩ἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾀᾁ̾ʴắểỉ˺ಅ‫ئ‬৑ửોծẲẆˁʙửẲởẴẪẲộẴ 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋱䋲䋭䋱 ૞ᬺ㕙䈱㜞䈘䉕䈵䈛䈱㜞䈘ㄝ䉍䈮䈚䉁䈜䇯ዊ䈘䉄䈱ੱ䈮䈲⿷บ䉕䇮ᄢ䈐䉄䈱ੱ䈮䈲䊁䊷䊑䊦਄䈱䉴䉺䊮䊄䉕૶䈦䈩⺞▵䈚䉁䈜䇯┙૏䈱૞ᬺ䈱႐ว䈲䇮૞ᬺ㕙䈲ᚻ䈱㜞䈘䈎䇮䈵䈛䉋䉍䈇䈒䉌䈎ਅ䈱㜞䈘䈮䈚䉁䈜䇯 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋱䋳䋭䋱 ዊળ⼏䈭䈬䈪䇮૞ᬺ䈱ౝኈ䉕䈍੕䈇䈮⏕⹺䈚ว䈇䉁䈜䇯䈠䈉䈜䉎䈖䈫䈪䇮૞ᬺᜰ␜䈫ᜰ␜ฃ䈔䈱㥿㦉䈮䉋䉎䊃䊤䊑䊦䉕㒐䈑䉁䈜䇯 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋱䋲䋭䋲 䉰䉟䊄䊁䊷䊑䊦䈭䈬䉕ᵴ↪䈚䈩䇮୘ੱ䈱઀੐䈏䈚䉇䈜䈇䉋䈉䈮૞ᬺ䉴䊕䊷䉴䉕⏕଻䈚䉁䈜䇯−  −

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

ἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾀᾂ˺ಅỉਦᅆởᘙᅆϋܾửỪẦụởẴẪẲộẴ 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋱䋳䋭䋲 ⴫␜䉇ᮡ⼂䇮⸥ภ䈲䈠䈱૞ᬺ႐ᚲ䈱ੱ䇱䈏ኈᤃ䈮⼂೎䈪䈐䉎䉅䈱䈮㒢䉍૶↪䈚䉁䈜䇯

⾗ᢱ䋲䋺⡯႐ⅣႺ╬䈱⹏ଔ䈫ᡷༀ䊙䊆䊠䉝䊦䈱૞ᚑ䊶ᅢ੐଀䈱෼㓸⚿ᨐ䋨ෘഭ⑼䋨Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ⃰䋩ಽᜂ⎇ⓥ⠪ศᎹᔀ䋺⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚䈮䉋䉎䉧䉟䊄䊤䉟䊮㐿⊒䋺⡯႐ⅣႺ╬䈱⹏ଔ䈫ᡷༀ䈱᥉෸䊶ᶐㅘ䋨ᐕ⋡䋩䋩㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩ἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾀᾃӒࣄὉᢅ݅Ὁҥᛦ˺ಅửોծẲộẴ 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋱䋴䋭䋱 ઀੐䉕⚵䉂ว䉒䈞䈩䇮න⺞૞ᬺ䉕ㆱ䈔䉁䈜䇯

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩ἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾀᾄ˺ಅἱἋ᧸ഥሊử‫ٶ‬᩿ႎỆᜒẳộẴ 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋱䋵䋭䋱 ૞ᬺ䊚䉴㒐ᱛ䈱䈢䉄䈱ᚻ㗅䉕䇮⃻႐䈱ഭ௛⠪䈏ਛᔃ䈫䈭䈦䈩䇮ഭ௛⠪䈱⸒⪲䈪૞ᚑ䈚䉁䈜䇯 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋱䋴䋭䋲 䋱ੱ䈱ഭ௛⠪䈏ⴕ䈋䉎૞ᬺౝኈ䉕Ⴧ䉇䈚䇮ᄙ⢻Ꮏൻ䉕ㅴ䉄䉁䈜䇯

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋱䋵䋭䋲 ✕ᕆᤨ䈱ᱜ䈚䈇ᠲ૞䇮ㆱ㔍䈏ㄦㅦ䈮ⴕ䉒䉏䉎䉋䈉䈮䇮✕ᕆᤨ⸘↹䉕⏕┙䈚䉁䈜䇯㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

ἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾀᾅภ༏࿢‫ؾ‬ở᪦࿢‫ؾ‬Ẇᙻ࿢‫ؾ‬ửࣛᢘ҄ẲộẴોծồỉἤὅἚίᾃὸᾉἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚ

˺ಅ‫ئ‬࿢‫ؾ‬ ᷷ᾲⅣႺ䉇ⷞⅣႺ䋬㖸ⅣႺ䉕ᔟㆡൻ䈜䉎  ☳䈛䉖䋬ൻቇ‛⾰䈭䈬䈱᦭ኂⅣႺḮ䉕㓒㔌䈜䉎  ⡯႐䈱ฃേ༛ᾍ䉕㒐ᱛ䈜䉎  ⴡ↢⸳஻䈫ભ㙃⸳஻䉕ᡷༀ䈜䉎  ✕ᕆᤨኻᔕ䈱ᚻ㗅䉕ቯ䉄䉎 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋱䋶䋭䋱 ⥄ὼశ䋨⓹䈫ᄤ⓹䉕ㅢ䈚䈩䋩䈱೑↪䈫ੱᎿᾖ᣿䋨㔚Ἦ䋩䉕⚵䉂ว䉒䈞䉁䈜䇯ო䊶ᄤ੗䈱⦡䉅᣿䉎䈇䉅䈱䉕ㆬ䈶䉁䈜䇯 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋱䋶䋭䋲 ኈᤃ䈭䉮䊚䊠䊆䉬䊷䉲䊢䊮䈫቟ో䈱䈢䉄䇮㛍㖸⊒↢Ḯ䉕䉦䊋䊷䈚䈢䉍࿐䈦䈢䉍䈚䈩㛍㖸䉕ᷫ䉌䈚䇮䉁䈢಄ᥦᚱᯏེ䈱᷷ᐲ⸳ቯ䈮䈧䈇䈩⡯႐ౝ䈱䊦䊷䊦䉕᳿䉄䉁䈜䇯㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩ἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾀᾆብẳỮẆ҄‫ܖ‬ཋឋẆज़௨၏Ҿ˳ễỄẆஊܹ࿢‫ؾ‬เửᨠᩉẲộẴ 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋱䋷䊷䋱 ⡯႐䈪೑↪䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎᦭ኂൻቇ‛⾰䉕䊥䉴䊃䉝䉾䊒䈚䈩䇮䈳䈒㔺੍㒐╷䉕⻠䈛䉁䈜䇯䉁䈢᦭ኂ‛⾰ኈེ䈮䈲䇮ಽ㘃ၮḰ䈮ᓥ䈦䈢䊤䊔䊦⴫␜䉕ᔅ䈝ⴕ䈉䉋䈉䈮䈚䉁䈜䇯

ἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾀᾇᎰ‫ئ‬ỉӖѣտ໺ử᧸ഥẲộẴ 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋱䋸䋭䋱 ⡯႐䈲⑌ᾍ䈮䈚䉁䈜䇯⑌ᾍ䈮䈪䈐䈭䈇႐ว䈲䇮ฃേ༛ᾍ㒐ᱛ╷䈫䈚䈩䇮឵᳇䈱ᢛ஻䈘䉏䈢༛ᾍ䉴䊕䊷䉴䉕⏕଻䈚䇮⹤䈚ว䈇䈮ၮ䈨䈇䈩䇮䇸⡯႐䈮䈍䈔䉎༛ᾍኻ╷䈱䈢䉄䈱䉧䉟䊄䊤䉟䊮䇹䈮ᴪ䈦䈢ኻ╷䉕ⴕ䈇䉁䈜䇯 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋱䋷䊷䋲 ᯏེ䉇ᾖ᣿ౕེ䈱㔚᳇㈩✢ធ⛯䉕቟ో䈮䇮⏕ታ䈮ⴕ䈇䉁䈜䇯−  −

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋱䋸䋭䋲 ༛ᾍ⠪䈻䈱⑌ᾍᜰዉ䉕䇮↥ᬺ଻ஜ䉴䉺䉾䊐䇮ක≮ᯏ㑐䈫ㅪ៤䈚䈩ㅴ䉄䉁䈜䇯⾗ᢱ䋲䋺⡯႐ⅣႺ╬䈱⹏ଔ䈫ᡷༀ䊙䊆䊠䉝䊦䈱૞ᚑ䊶ᅢ੐଀䈱෼㓸⚿ᨐ䋨ෘഭ⑼䋨Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ⃰䋩ಽᜂ⎇ⓥ⠪ศᎹᔀ䋺⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚䈮䉋䉎䉧䉟䊄䊤䉟䊮㐿⊒䋺⡯႐ⅣႺ╬䈱⹏ଔ䈫ᡷༀ䈱᥉෸䊶ᶐㅘ䋨ᐕ⋡䋩䋩㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩ἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾀᾈᘓဃᚨͳể˞᫱ᚨͳửોծẲộẴ

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩ἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾁ὿ዬ࣯଺‫ࣖݣ‬ỉ৖᪯ửોծẲộẴ 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋱䋹䋭䋱 ⴡ↢⊛䈪ᢛὼ䈫䈚䈢䉋䈇ⅣႺ䉕଻䈧䈢䉄䈮䇮ᦝ⴩ቶ䇮ᵞ㕙ᚲ䇮䊃䉟䊧䉕ᢛ䈋䇮䉋䈒䊜䊮䊁䊅䊮䉴䈚䉁䈜䇯 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋱䋹䋭䋲 ੱ䈶䈫䈏ᔟㆡ䈮ㆊ䈗䈞䉎䉋䈉䈮䇮ળ⼏ቶ䉇⎇ୃᣉ⸳䉕లታ䈘䈞䉁䈜䇯䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋲䋰䋭䋱⡯႐䈪⊒↢䈜䉎น⢻ᕈ䈱䈅䉎ᯏ᪾䈮䉋䉎䈲䈘䉁䉏䊶Ꮞ䈐ㄟ䉁䉏䇮ォୟ䊶ォ⪭䇮ಾഃ䈭䈬䇮⿠䈖䉎น⢻ᕈ䈱䈅䉎ἴኂ䉕วℂ⊛䈮੍᷹䈚䇮䉫䊦䊷䊒⸛⼏䈮䉋䈦䈩䇮ฦ⒳䈱✕ᕆ੐ᘒ䈮ኻ䈚䈩䈫䉎䈼䈐ⴕേ䈱䉺䉟䊒䉕⏕⹺䈚䇮䈠䉏䉕䊙䊆䊠䉝䊦䉇ᚻ㗅ᦠ䈫䈚䈩૞ᚑ䈚䈩䈍䈐䉁䈜䇯

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋲䋰䋭䋲 ࿾㔡䊶ἴኂ䊶ᗵᨴ∝⊒↢ᤨ䈭䈬䇮✕ᕆᤨ䈱䇸੐ᬺ⛮⛯⸘↹䇹䉕╷ቯ䈚䉁䈜䇯ഭ௛⠪䈻䈱ⵍኂ䈫ડᬺ䈱ⵍኂ䉕ᦨዊ㒢䈮䈜䉎ኻ╷䉕੐೨䈮ᬌ⸛䈚䉁䈜䇯

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩ἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾁᾀɥӮỆႻᛩẲởẴẟ࿢‫ؾ‬ửૢͳẲộẴોծồỉἤὅἚίᾄὸᾉἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᵣᵐᵏᵋᵐᵓᵣᵌ Ꮀ‫ئ‬ϋỉႻʝૅੲ ਄ม䈮⋧⺣䈚䉇䈜䈇ⅣႺ䉕ᢛ஻䈜䉎 ห௥䈪⋧⺣䈪䈐䋬䉮䊚䊠䊆䉬䊷䉲䊢䊮䈏䈫䉍䉇䈜䈇ⅣႺ䉕ᢛ஻䈜䉎 䉼䊷䊛䊪䊷䉪䈨䈒䉍䉕ㅴ䉄䉎 ઀੐䈮ኻ䈜䉎ㆡᱜ䈭⹏ଔ䉕ฃ䈔ข䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉎䉋䈉䈮䈜䉎 ⡯႐㑆䈱⋧੕ᡰេ䉕ផㅴ䈜䉎

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1⡯႐㑆ᖱႎ䈱౒᦭䉇䇮䉼䊷䊛䊪䊷䉪䊎䊦䊂䉞䊮䉫䊮䉫䈱⎇ୃ䋨਄䋺⥄ᴦ૕䋬ਅ䋺੐ോ⡯႐䋩 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋲䋱䋭䋱 ቯᦼ⊛䈭䊚䊷䊁䉞䊮䉫䉕⸳ቯ䈚䈩䇮ฦ⥄䈱઀੐ౝኈ䉇઀੐㊂䉕਄ม䈏䈲䈅䈒䈪䈐䉎䉋䈉䈮䈚䉁䈜䇯 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋲䋱䋭䋲 ห䈛⡯႐䈱䊜䊮䊋䊷䈱䈉䈤䇮৻ㇱ䈏㔌䉏䈢೎䈱ㇱደᑪደ䋩䈪௛䈇䈩䈇䉎႐ว䈮䈲䇮਄ม䈏ቯᦼ⊛䈮䈖䈱䉫䊦䊷䊒䈎䉌䇮઀੐䈱⁁ᴫ䉕⡞䈐ข䉎ᯏળ䉕૞䉍䉁䈜䇯

㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩ἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾁᾁӷ·ỆႻᛩỂẨẆἅἱἷἝἃὊἉἹὅầӕụởẴẟ࿢‫ؾ‬ửૢͳẲộẴ 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋲䋭 ᄢဳ䈱ឝ␜᧼䉇䊖䊪䉟䊃䊗䊷䊄䉕೑↪䈚䈩䇮⺕䈏䈬䈱૞ᬺ䉕䉇䈦䈩䈇䉎䈎䇸⷗䈋䉎ൻ䇹䉕ⴕ䈇䇮⋧੕䈮䉰䊘䊷䊃䈚
䉇䈜䈇ⅣႺ䉕ᢛ䈋䉁䈜䇯 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋲䋲䋭䋲 ␠ౝႎ䇮ᣣႎ䇮䊜䊷䊥䊮䉫䊥䉴䊃䇮䉟䊮䉺䊷䊈䉾䊃䊶䉟䊮䊃䊤䊈䉾䊃䈭䈬䈱ឝ␜᧼䉕ᵴ↪䈚䈩㊀ⷐ䈭ᖱႎ䉕౒᦭ൻ䈚䉁䈜䇯ἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾁᾂἓὊἲὁὊἁỀẪụửẴẴỜộẴ 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋲䋳䋭䋱 䉼䊷䊛䊪䊷䉪䈨䈒䉍䉕䈜䈜䉄䉎䈢䉄䈮䇮ห৻䉼䊷䊛ౝ䈱૞ᬺ䉕ಽᜂ䈚ว䈇䇮ᔅⷐ䈭䉌䊨䊷䊁䊷䉲䊢䊮䉕⚵䉖䈪䇮੕䈇䈮૞ᬺౝኈ䉕⷗䈋䉇䈜䈒䈚䉁䈜䇯−  −

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋲䋳䋭䋲 䊜䊮䊋䊷䈪ᙣⷫ䈱႐䉕⸳䈔䇮䈍੕䈇
䉕ℂ⸃䈜䉎䈢䉄䈱ᯏળ䉕Ⴧ䉇䈚䉁䈜䇯⾗ᢱ䋲䋺⡯႐ⅣႺ╬䈱⹏ଔ䈫ᡷༀ䊙䊆䊠䉝䊦䈱૞ᚑ䊶ᅢ੐଀䈱෼㓸⚿ᨐ䋨ෘഭ⑼䋨Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ⃰䋩ಽᜂ⎇ⓥ⠪ศᎹᔀ䋺⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚䈮䉋䉎䉧䉟䊄䊤䉟䊮㐿⊒䋺⡯႐ⅣႺ╬䈱⹏ଔ䈫ᡷༀ䈱᥉෸䊶ᶐㅘ䋨ᐕ⋡䋩䋩

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩ἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾁᾃˁʙỆ‫ݣ‬ẴỦᢘЏễᚸ̖ửӖẬӕỦẮểầỂẨỦợạ
ỆẲộẴ 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋲䋴䋭䋱 ઀੐䈮ኻ䈜䉎⹏ଔၮḰ䉕䈅䉌䈎䈛䉄ᢥᦠ䈪᣿␜䈚䇮౏ᐔ䈭⹏ଔ䈏䈪䈐䉎䉋䈉䈮䈚䉁䈜ἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾁᾄᎰ‫ئ‬ज़ỉႻʝૅੲửਖ਼ᡶẲộẴ 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋲䋵䋭䋱 ⡯႐㑆䈱ቯᦼ⊛䈭䊚䊷䊁䉞䊮䉫䉕ㅢ䈛䈩䇮੐ᬺ႐䈱ᵴേో૕䈱ਛ䈪䇮ฦ⡯႐䈱ᬺോ䈱૏⟎䈨䈔䈏᣿⏕䈮䈭䉎䉋䈉䈮䈚䉁䈜䇯 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋲䋴䋭䋲 ⹏ଔ⚿ᨐ䉕䇮ㄦㅦ䈮䉺䉟䊚䊮䉫⦟䈒ฃ䈔ข䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉎䉋䈉䈮Ꮏᄦ䈚䉁䈜䇯

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋲䋵䋭䋲 ⡯႐ኻ᛫䉴䊘䊷䉿ᄢળ䈭䈬䈱ᯏળ䉕ᜬ䈧䈖䈫䉅䇮↰䈱⡯႐䈫䈱⋧੕ℂ⸃䉕ᷓ䉄䇮ᡰេ䈚ว䈋䉎㔓࿐᳇䉕䈧䈒䉎䈱䈮ᓎ┙䈤䉁䈜䇯



7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

ἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾁᾅ̾ʴỉͤࡍởᎰ‫ئ‬ϋỉͤࡍբ᫆ỆếẟềႻᛩỂẨỦᆸӝửᚨፗẲộẴ

ોծồỉἤὅἚίᾅὸᾉἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᵤᵐᵓᵋᵑᵎᵤᵌ ‫࣎ܤ‬ỂẨỦᎰ‫ئ‬ỉẲẪỚ ୘ੱ䈱ஜᐽ䉇⡯႐ౝ䈱໧㗴䈮䈧䈇䈩⋧⺣䈪䈐䉎⓹ญ䉕⸳⟎䈜䉎  䉶䊦䊐䉬䉝䈮䈧䈇䈩ቇ䈹ᯏળ䉕⸳䈔䉎  ⡯႐䈱዁᧪⸘↹䉇⷗ㅢ䈚䈮䈧䈇䈩䋬䈇䈧䉅๟⍮䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䉋䈉䈮䈜䉎  ᣹ㅴ䊶᣹ᩰ䋬⾗ᩰขᓧ䈱ᯏળ䉕᣿⏕䈮䈚䋬䉼䊞䊮䉴䉕౏ᐔ䈮⏕଻䈜䉎  ✕ᕆ䈱ᔃ䈱䉬䉝૕೙䉕䈧䈒䉎 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋲䋶䋭䋱 ᔃ䈱ஜᐽ䉇ᖠ䉂䇮䉴䊃䊧䉴䇮䈅䉎䈇䈲⡯႐ౝ䈱ੱ㑆㑐ଥ䈭䈬䈮䈧䈇䈩᳇䈏䈰䈭䈒⋧⺣䈪䈐䉎⓹ญ䉕⏕଻䈚䉁䈜䇯䈇䈧䇮䈬䈖䈻ㅪ⛊䉕䈫䉏䈳䉋䈇䈎䇮䉁䈢䊒䊤䉟䊋䉲䊷䈏቞䉌䉏䉎䈖䈫䉕᣿␜䈚䈩䈍䈐䉁䈜䇯 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋲䋶䋭䋲 ഭ௛⠪䈏᳇シ䈮⋧⺣䈚䉇䈜䈇䉋䈉䈮䇮ஜᐽ䈮㑐䉒䉎ᖱႎ䉕ㆡቱឭଏ䈜䉎䈭䈬䈱૕೙䉕ᢛ஻䈚䉁䈜䇯㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩ἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾁᾆἍἽἧἃỴỆếẟề‫ܖ‬ốೞ˟ửᚨẬộẴ 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋲䋷䋭䋱 䉶䊦䊐䉬䉝䈮䈧䈇䈩䈱ᢎ⢒䊶⎇ୃ╬䉕ታᣉ䈚䇮䉴䊃䊧䉴䈻䈱᳇䈨䈐䇮䉴䊃䊧䉴䈻䈱਄ᚻ䈭ኻಣᴺ䈭䈬䈮䈧䈇䈩ቇ䈹䈖䈫䈱䈪䈐䉎ᯏળ䉕⸳䈔䉁䈜䇯 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋲䋷䋭䋲 䊖䊷䊛䊕䊷䉳䉇㔚ሶ䊜䊷䊦䊶␠ౝႎ䈭䈬䈪ቯᦼ⊛䈮ᖱႎ䉕⊒ା䈜䉎䈖䈫䈪䇮䉶䊦䊐䉬䉝䈮䈧䈇䈩ቇ䈹ᯏળ䉕ឭଏ䈜䉎䈖䈫䉅䉋䈇䈪䈚䉊䈉䇯 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋲䋸䋭䋱 ⚵❱᭴ᚑ䉇૞ᬺౝኈ䇮ᬺോಽᜂ䈮䈧䈇䈩䇮䉒䈎䉍䉇䈜䉍䉋䈉䈮࿑⴫ൻ䈚䈩⡯႐䈮ឭ␜䈜䉎䈭䈬䈱ᣇᴺ䉕Ꮏᄦ䈚䇮ഭ௛⠪䈮ಽ䈎䉍䉇䈜䈇䉋䈉䈮๟⍮䈚䉁䈜䇯−  −

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

ἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾁᾇኵጢởˁʙỉ࣯ນễ‫҄٭‬ỆẝỤẦẳỜ‫ݣ‬ϼẲộẴ 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋲䋸䋭䋲 ⚵❱䉇૞ᬺౝኈ䈱ᄌᦝ䇮዁᧪䈱⷗ㅢ䈚䈭䈬䈮䈧䈇䈩ᖱႎឭଏ䈜䉎䉋䈉䈮䈚䇮䈭䈟䈠䈱䉋䈉䈮䈭䈦䈢䈎䈭䈬䈮䈧䈇䈩䈱ᖱႎ䉅ឭଏ䈜䉎䉋䈉䈮䈚䉁䈜䇯⾗ᢱ䋲䋺⡯႐ⅣႺ╬䈱⹏ଔ䈫ᡷༀ䊙䊆䊠䉝䊦䈱૞ᚑ䊶ᅢ੐଀䈱෼㓸⚿ᨐ䋨ෘഭ⑼䋨Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ⃰䋩ಽᜂ⎇ⓥ⠪ศᎹᔀ䋺⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚䈮䉋䉎䉧䉟䊄䊤䉟䊮㐿⊒䋺⡯႐ⅣႺ╬䈱⹏ଔ䈫ᡷༀ䈱᥉෸䊶ᶐㅘ䋨ᐕ⋡䋩䋩㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

㪟㪉㪈㪄㪉㪊ෘഭ⑼⎇Ꮉ਄⎇ⓥ⃰䋨ႇ䇮ፉᵤ䇮ਅశ䇮ේ⼱䇮ศᎹ 䋩ἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾁᾈଞᡶὉଞ఍Ẇ᝻఍ӕࢽỉೞ˟ửଢᄩỆẲẆἓἵὅἋửπ࠯Ệᄩ̬ẲộẴ 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋲䋹䋭䋱 ᣹ㅴ䊶᣹ᩰ䈱䊝䊂䊦଀䉇䇮䉨䊞䊥䉝㐿⊒䈱䈢䉄䈱⾗ᩰขᓧᯏળ䈱᦭ή䉇ᤨᦼ䈏᣿⏕䈮䈘䉏䇮ഭ௛⠪䈮චಽ䈮๟⍮䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䉋䈉䈮䈚䉁䈜䇯

ἓỹἕἁἯỶὅἚᾂ὿ዬ࣯ỉ࣎ỉἃỴửẲộẴ 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋳䋰䋭䋱 ⓭⊒⊛䈭੐᡿䈏↢䈛䈢䈫䈐䈮䇮✕ᕆᤨ䈱䉬䉝䉇ᔃ䈱䉬䉝䈏ฃ䈔䉌䉏䉎䉋䈉䈮䇮䈅䉌䈎䈛䉄⡯႐ౝ䈱⽿છ⠪䉇↥ᬺ଻ஜ䉴䉺䉾䊐䊶ੱ੐ഭോᜂᒰ⠪䈭䈬䇮␠ౝ䈱ㅪ៤૕೙䉇ᚻ㗅䉕ᢛ䈋䈩䈍䈒䉋䈉䈮䈚䉁䈜䇯 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋲䋹䋭䋲 ᣹ㅴ䊶᣹ᩰ䈱౏ᐔᕈ䈏චಽ䈮ഭ௛⠪䈮વ䉒䉎䉋䈉䇮ㅢᏱ䈎䉌઀੐䈱⋡ᮡ䉇૞ᬺ䈱૏⟎䈨䈔䈭䈬䈮䈧䈇䈩䇮਄ม䈫ㇱਅ䈫䈏৻✜䈮⏕⹺䉕䈚䈩䈍䈒䈖䈫䈏ᄢಾ䈪䈚䉊䈉䇯−  −

7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU6FLHQFHRI/DERXU-$3$1

 䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䋳䋰䋭䋲 ✕ᕆᤨ䈱ᔃ䈱䉬䉝䈮䈧䈇䈩ᔅⷐᤨ䈮ታᣉ䈪䈐䉎䉋䈉䇮⡯႐䈱⽿છ⠪䉇䉨䊷䈫䈭䉎䉴䉺䉾䊐䈮䇮੐೨䈮⎇ୃ䉕ታᣉ䈚䉁䈜䇯ᐔᚑᐕᐲෘ↢ഭ௛⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌ഭ௛቟ో✚ว⎇ⓥ੐ᬺ‫ޟ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᶐㅘᚻᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ‫ޠ‬㧔*ഭ௛৻⥸㧕ਥછ㧦Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ㧕ಽᜂ⎇ⓥႎ๔ᦠ
㧞㧚ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ㐿⊒㧝㧕ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿㧔੍஻⺞ᩏ㧕ߩା㗬ᕈ࡮ᅷᒰᕈ

߅ࠃ߮ࠕ࠙࠻ࠞࡓߣߩ㑐ㅪᕈಽᜂ⎇ⓥ⠪ ේ⼱ 㓉ผ ⁛┙ⴕ᡽ᴺੱഭ௛቟ోⴡ↢✚ว⎇ⓥᚲ࡮ㇱ㐳ਥછ⎇ⓥ⠪ Ꮉ਄ ᙗੱ ᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ᢎ᝼
ಽᜂ⎇ⓥ⠪ ႇ  ᣿⚐ ↥ᬺක⑼ᄢቇ↥ᬺකታോ⎇ୃ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯࡮ᢎ᝼ፉᵤ ᣿ੱ ᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ಎᢎ᝼
ਅశ ノ৻ ᧲੩ක⑼ᄢቇ࡮ᢎ᝼ศᎹ  ᔀ ⽷࿅ᴺੱഭ௛⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ࡮೽ᚲ㐳⎇ⓥදജ⠪ ዊ↰ಾఝሶ ᧲੩ක⑼ᄢቇ࡮⻠Ꮷ੗਄ ᓆ⤿ ᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮㒮↢⎇ⓥⷐᣦᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ੍஻⺞ᩏ࠺࡯࠲ߦၮߠ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ା㗬ᕈ࡮ᅷᒰᕈ߅ࠃ

߮⸃ᨆ⚿ᨐࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ోޕ‬࿖ߩᱦએ਄ߩ⛎ਈᚲᓧ⠪ࠍኻ⽎ߦࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻⺞ᩏࠍᐕ᦬ᣣߦታᣉߒ‫ੱޔ‬㧔↵ᕈੱ‫ޔ‬ᅚᕈੱ㧕ߩ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ⸃ᨆߒߚ‫ޕ‬ǩା㗬ᕈଥᢙߪ⡯ߩਇ቟ቯᕈ㧔቟ቯႎ㈽㧕ߢ߿߿ૐ߆ߞߚ߇ߘߩઁߩዤᐲߩǩା㗬ᕈଥᢙߪߔߴߡએ਄ߢ޽ࠅ⦟ᅢߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬࿃ሶಽᨆߦࠃࠅ࿃ሶ⊛ᅷᒰᕈ߇⏕⹺ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߪ‫઀ޔ‬੐‫ޔ‬⡯႐‫ߢ࡞ࡌ࡟ߩ❱⚵ޔ‬⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߦ
㑐ߔࠆᄙ᭽ߥ஥㕙ߩᏅ⇣߿ᓇ㗀ࠍ൮᜝⊛ߦ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲
࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ߦᵴ↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇ᦼᓙߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧭㧚⎇ⓥ⋡⊛ߩᕈ೎ᐕ㦂ಽᏓ‫ޔ‬⡯⒳ಽᏓࠍ⴫ߦ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ੍஻⺞ᩏ㧯㧚⚿ᨐ࠺࡯࠲ߦၮߠ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ା㗬ᕈ࡮ᅷᒰᕈ߅ࠃ

ฦዤᐲߩᕈ೎ᐔဋ‫ޔ‬ᮡḰ஍Ꮕ㧔5&㧕‫ޔ‬ǩ߮⸃ᨆ⚿ᨐࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬ା㗬ᕈଥᢙࠍ⴫ߦ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ǩା㗬ᕈଥᢙߪ⡯ߩਇ቟ቯᕈ㧔቟ቯႎ㈽㧕ߢ↵ᕈ‫ޔ‬㧮㧚ᣇᴺᅚᕈ‫ోޔ‬૕ߣ߿߿ૐ߆ߞߚ߇ߘߩ

ో࿖ߩᱦએ਄ߩ⛎ਈᚲᓧ⠪㧔฽߻ᓎ⡯ઁߩዤᐲߩǩା㗬ᕈଥᢙߪߔߴߡએ਄

⠪㧕ࠍኻ⽎ߦࡗࡈ࡯࡮ࡃ࡝ࡘ࡯࡮ࠗࡦࠨࠗ

ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᕈᏅࠍVᬌቯߢᬌ⸛ߒߚ⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬࠻ࡄࡀ࡞ࠍ೑↪ߒߚࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻⺞ᩏࠍ઀੐ߩᗧ⟵‫ޔ‬ᬺോ⽶ᜂ‫ޔ‬ᓎഀ⪾⮮‫ޔ‬ᚑ㐳ߩᐕ᦬ᣣߦታᣉߒ‫ੱޔ‬㧔↵ᕈᯏળ‫ޔ‬ᣂᄸᕈ‫ޔ࠻ࡦࡔࠬ࡜ࡂޔ‬ᄙ᭽ߥഭ௛

ੱ‫ޔ‬ᅚᕈੱ㧕ߩ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ෼㓸ߒߚ‫ᧄޕ‬⠪߳ߩኻᔕ‫ࠬࡦ࡜ࡃ࡮ࡈ࡞࠮࡮ࠢ࡯ࡢޔ‬ᐕᐲߪߎߩ࠺࡯࠲ߩ⸃ᨆࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ኻ⽎⠪઀੐ψኅᐸ㧦ࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉ ‫ޔ‬ഃㅧᕈߩ⊒1−  −

ើ‫ޔ‬Ⓧᭂ⊛ߥቇ⠌‫ࡔࠫࠗࠥࡦࠛ࡮ࠢ࡯ࡢޔ‬ࡦ࠻ߢ᦭ᗧᏅ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬⴫㪈䇭ኻ⽎⠪䈱ᕈ೎ᐕ㦂䇮⡯⒳ಽᏓ
ᐕ䇭㦂㪈㪌㪄㪉㪐ᱦ
㪊㪇㪄㪊㪐ᱦ
㪋㪇㪄㪋㪐ᱦ
㪌㪇㪄㪌㪐ᱦ
㪍㪇ᱦએ਄
ว䇭⸘
⡯䇭⒳
▤ℂ⡯䋨⺖㐳⡯⋧ᒰએ਄䋩ኾ㐷䊶ᛛⴚ⡯
੐ോ♽⃻႐♽䋨⵾ㅧ⚵┙䇮ㆇォ䇮⡺૕ഭ௛䈭䈬䋩༡ᬺ䊶⽼ᄁ⡯
䈠䈱ઁ
ว䇭⸘

ੱᢙ

↵䇭ᕈ

䋦

ੱᢙ

ᅚ䇭ᕈ

䋦

ੱᢙ

ో䇭૕

䋦

㪌㪏
㪉㪋㪍
㪉㪊㪉
㪈㪊㪊
㪈㪏
㪍㪏㪎

㪏㪅㪋㩼
㪊㪌㪅㪏㩼
㪊㪊㪅㪏㩼
㪈㪐㪅㪋㩼
㪉㪅㪍㩼
㪈㪇㪇㪅㪇㩼

㪏㪌
㪈㪋㪍
㪌㪐
㪈㪏
㪌
㪊㪈㪊

㪉㪎㪅㪉㩼
㪋㪍㪅㪍㩼
㪈㪏㪅㪏㩼
㪌㪅㪏㩼
㪈㪅㪍㩼
㪈㪇㪇㪅㪇㩼

㪈㪋㪊
㪊㪐㪉
㪉㪐㪈
㪈㪌㪈
㪉㪊
㪈㪇㪇㪇

㪈㪋㪅㪊㩼
㪊㪐㪅㪉㩼
㪉㪐㪅㪈㩼
㪈㪌㪅㪈㩼
㪉㪅㪊㩼
㪈㪇㪇㪅㪇㩼

㪈㪊㪈
㪉㪈㪉
㪈㪌㪇
㪏㪉
㪐㪎
㪈㪌
㪍㪏㪎

㪈㪐㪅㪈㩼
㪊㪇㪅㪐㩼
㪉㪈㪅㪏㩼
㪈㪈㪅㪐㩼
㪈㪋㪅㪈㩼
㪉㪅㪉㩼
㪈㪇㪇㪅㪇㩼

㪋
㪍㪇
㪉㪇㪋
㪈㪊
㪉㪇
㪈㪉
㪊㪈㪊

㪈㪅㪊㩼
㪈㪐㪅㪉㩼
㪍㪌㪅㪉㩼
㪋㪅㪉㩼
㪍㪅㪋㩼
㪊㪅㪏㩼
㪈㪇㪇㪅㪇㩼

㪈㪊㪌
㪉㪎㪉
㪊㪌㪋
㪐㪌
㪈㪈㪎
㪉㪎
㪈㪇㪇㪇

㪈㪊㪅㪌㩼
㪉㪎㪅㪉㩼
㪊㪌㪅㪋㩼
㪐㪅㪌㩼
㪈㪈㪅㪎㩼
㪉㪅㪎㩼
㪈㪇㪇㪅㪇㩼 

ᐔဋ

㪪㪛

㱍ଥᢙ

㪐㪐㪉 㪍㪅㪇㪐㪐㪈 㪏㪅㪍㪐㪐㪌 㪋㪅㪍㪐㪐㪈 㪏㪅㪍㪐㪐㪌 㪋㪅㪌㪐㪐㪇 㪈㪇㪅㪈㪐㪐㪊 㪌㪅㪈㪐㪐㪌 㪋㪅㪍㪐㪐㪌 㪋㪅㪎

㪉㪅㪇
㪊㪅㪋
㪉㪅㪊
㪊㪅㪇
㪈㪅㪐
㪉㪅㪎
㪉㪅㪊
㪉㪅㪈
㪈㪅㪐

㪇㪅㪏㪎
㪇㪅㪏㪌
㪇㪅㪏㪏
㪇㪅㪎㪏
㪇㪅㪎㪌
㪇㪅㪏㪋
㪇㪅㪏㪎
㪇㪅㪏㪉
㪇㪅㪎㪍



⴫㪉䇭ฦዤᐲ䈱ᕈ೎ᐔဋ䇮ᮡḰ஍Ꮕ䋨㪪㪛䋩䇮㱍ା㗬ᕈଥᢙ↵䇭ᕈ㗄⋡ᢙ ੱᢙ

઀੐䈱ᗧ⟵
㪊
ᬺോ⽶ᜂ
㪌
ᖱ✜⊛⽶ᜂ
㪊
઀੐䈱䉮䊮䊃䊨䊷䊦㪌ᓎഀ⪾⮮㪊ᓎഀ᣿⏕䈘䊶ᦌᤒ䈘
㪌
ᚑ㐳䈱ᯏળ
㪊
ᣂᄸᕈ
㪊
੍᷹น⢻ᕈ㩷
㪊⡯႐䈱৻૕ᗵ
㪈㪋㩷㩿䉸䊷䉲䊞䊦䊶䉨䊞䊏䉺䊦㪀⚻ᷣ䊶࿾૏ႎ㈽㪉ዅ㊀ႎ㈽㩷
㪊䊊䊤䉴䊜䊮䊃
㪉਄ม䈱䊥䊷䉻䊷䉲䉾䊒㩷㪌਄ม䈱౏ᱜ䈭ᘒᐲ㪊䈾䉄䈩䉅䉌䈋䉎⡯႐㪊ᄬᢌ䉕⹺䉄䉎⡯႐㪉䉫䊦䊷䊒䈱᦭⢻ᗵ㪊⡯䈱ਇ቟ቯᕈ㩿቟ቯႎ㈽㪀㩷
㪊⚻༡ጀ䈫䈱ା㗬㑐ଥ㩷㪌ᄌൻ䈻䈱ኻᔕ
㪊ᚻ⛯䈐䈱౏ᱜᕈ㩷㪋୘ੱ䈱ዅ㊀㩷
㪋౏ᱜ䈭ੱ੐⹏ଔ㩷㪌ᄙ᭽䈭ഭ௛⠪䈻䈱ኻᔕ㪊䉨䊞䊥䉝ᒻᚑ㩷㪌䊪䊷䉪䊶䉶䊦䊐䊶䊋䊤䊮䉴㪋㩷㩿઀੐㸢ኅᐸ䋺䊈䉧䊁䉞䊑㪀䊪䊷䉪䊶䉶䊦䊐䊶䊋䊤䊮䉴㪋㩷㩿઀੐㸢ኅᐸ䋺䊘䉳䊁䉞䊑㪀ⷙቯ䈘䉏䈢⡯ോ䈱ㆀⴕ㪊ഃㅧᕈ䈱⊒ើ
㪊
Ⓧᭂ⊛䈭ቇ⠌
㪋䊪䊷䉪䊶䉣䊮䉭䉟䉳䊜䊮䊃
㪐
਄ม䈱ᡰេ
㪊
ห௥䈱ᡰេ
㪊
㪁㪑㩷㫇㪓㪅㪇㪌㪃㩷㪁㪁㪑㩷㫇㪓㪅㪇㪈㪃㩷㪁㪁㪁㪑㩷㫇㪓㪅㪇㪇㪈㪅

ᅚ䇭ᕈ

ో䇭૕

ᐔဋ

㪪㪛

㱍ଥᢙ

ੱᢙ

ᐔဋ

㪪㪛

㱍ଥᢙ 㫋ᬌቯ ੱᢙ㪍㪏㪇 㪍㪅㪉㪍㪏㪈 㪐㪅㪇㪍㪏㪉 㪋㪅㪍㪍㪏㪈 㪏㪅㪎㪍㪏㪊 㪋㪅㪍㪍㪏㪇 㪈㪇㪅㪉㪍㪏㪈 㪌㪅㪊㪍㪏㪉 㪋㪅㪎㪍㪏㪊 㪋㪅㪏

㪈㪅㪐
㪊㪅㪈
㪉㪅㪊
㪊㪅㪇
㪈㪅㪐
㪉㪅㪎
㪉㪅㪉
㪉㪅㪇
㪈㪅㪐

㪇㪅㪏㪍
㪇㪅㪏㪊
㪇㪅㪏㪎
㪇㪅㪎㪐
㪇㪅㪎㪌
㪇㪅㪏㪋
㪇㪅㪏㪍
㪇㪅㪏㪉
㪇㪅㪎㪌

㪊㪈㪉
㪊㪈㪇
㪊㪈㪊
㪊㪈㪇
㪊㪈㪉
㪊㪈㪇
㪊㪈㪉
㪊㪈㪊
㪊㪈㪉

㪌㪅㪏
㪎㪅㪎
㪋㪅㪍
㪏㪅㪌
㪋㪅㪉
㪐㪅㪐
㪋㪅㪎
㪋㪅㪉
㪋㪅㪍

㪉㪅㪈
㪊㪅㪎
㪉㪅㪌
㪊㪅㪉
㪈㪅㪐
㪉㪅㪐
㪉㪅㪋
㪉㪅㪊
㪉㪅㪇

㪇㪅㪏㪏
㪇㪅㪏㪎
㪇㪅㪏㪏
㪇㪅㪎㪍
㪇㪅㪎㪊
㪇㪅㪏㪋
㪇㪅㪏㪐
㪇㪅㪏㪉
㪇㪅㪎㪏

㪍㪍㪎 㪉㪊㪅㪉㪏㪅㪇 㪇㪅㪐㪋㪊㪇㪍 㪉㪊㪅㪐㪏㪅㪍 㪇㪅㪐㪌㪐㪎㪊 㪉㪊㪅㪋㪏㪅㪉 㪇㪅㪐㪌

㪍㪏㪌
㪍㪏㪈
㪍㪎㪌
㪍㪎㪍
㪍㪏㪋
㪍㪏㪋
㪍㪏㪋
㪍㪏㪊
㪍㪎㪏
㪍㪏㪉
㪍㪏㪊
㪍㪏㪊
㪍㪏㪈
㪍㪎㪏
㪍㪏㪋
㪍㪎㪌

㪉㪅㪍
㪋㪅㪎
㪈㪅㪉
㪍㪅㪍
㪋㪅㪍
㪋㪅㪉
㪉㪅㪏
㪋㪅㪎
㪋㪅㪋
㪍㪅㪐
㪋㪅㪊
㪌㪅㪈
㪌㪅㪉
㪍㪅㪊
㪋㪅㪊
㪍㪅㪈

㪈㪅㪌
㪉㪅㪇
㪈㪅㪍
㪊㪅㪍
㪉㪅㪉
㪉㪅㪉
㪈㪅㪌
㪉㪅㪉
㪉㪅㪈
㪊㪅㪌
㪉㪅㪈
㪉㪅㪎
㪉㪅㪎
㪊㪅㪋
㪉㪅㪇
㪊㪅㪎

㪇㪅㪏㪇
㪇㪅㪏㪏
㪇㪅㪏㪎
㪇㪅㪐㪉
㪇㪅㪐㪇
㪇㪅㪏㪏
㪇㪅㪏㪇
㪇㪅㪐㪊
㪇㪅㪎㪇
㪇㪅㪐㪊
㪇㪅㪏㪋
㪇㪅㪏㪍
㪇㪅㪎㪐
㪇㪅㪏㪐
㪇㪅㪎㪊
㪇㪅㪐㪉

㪊㪇㪐
㪊㪈㪉
㪊㪇㪍
㪊㪈㪉
㪊㪈㪉
㪊㪈㪉
㪊㪈㪊
㪊㪈㪈
㪊㪇㪐
㪊㪈㪇
㪊㪈㪈
㪊㪈㪇
㪊㪈㪉
㪊㪈㪇
㪊㪈㪉
㪊㪈㪈

㪉㪅㪎
㪋㪅㪏
㪇㪅㪏
㪍㪅㪊
㪋㪅㪌
㪋㪅㪋
㪉㪅㪎
㪋㪅㪌
㪋㪅㪍
㪎㪅㪈
㪋㪅㪊
㪌㪅㪊
㪌㪅㪊
㪍㪅㪊
㪋㪅㪏
㪌㪅㪏

㪈㪅㪍
㪉㪅㪈
㪈㪅㪊
㪊㪅㪍
㪉㪅㪊
㪉㪅㪋
㪈㪅㪌
㪉㪅㪊
㪉㪅㪈
㪊㪅㪋
㪉㪅㪈
㪉㪅㪏
㪉㪅㪏
㪊㪅㪌
㪉㪅㪈
㪊㪅㪎

㪇㪅㪎㪐
㪇㪅㪐㪈
㪇㪅㪏㪉 㪁㪁㪁
㪇㪅㪐㪈
㪇㪅㪐㪈
㪇㪅㪐㪇
㪇㪅㪎㪎
㪇㪅㪐㪋
㪇㪅㪍㪌
㪇㪅㪐㪊
㪇㪅㪏㪈
㪇㪅㪏㪏
㪇㪅㪎㪍
㪇㪅㪏㪐
㪇㪅㪎㪋 㪁㪁㪁
㪇㪅㪐㪉

㪐㪐㪋
㪐㪐㪊
㪐㪏㪈
㪐㪏㪏
㪐㪐㪍
㪐㪐㪍
㪐㪐㪎
㪐㪐㪋
㪐㪏㪎
㪐㪐㪉
㪐㪐㪋
㪐㪐㪊
㪐㪐㪊
㪐㪏㪏
㪐㪐㪍
㪐㪏㪍

㪉㪅㪍
㪋㪅㪎
㪈㪅㪈
㪍㪅㪌
㪋㪅㪌
㪋㪅㪊
㪉㪅㪎
㪋㪅㪍
㪋㪅㪌
㪎㪅㪇
㪋㪅㪊
㪌㪅㪉
㪌㪅㪉
㪍㪅㪊
㪋㪅㪌
㪍㪅㪇

㪈㪅㪍
㪉㪅㪈
㪈㪅㪌
㪊㪅㪍
㪉㪅㪉
㪉㪅㪊
㪈㪅㪌
㪉㪅㪉
㪉㪅㪈
㪊㪅㪌
㪉㪅㪈
㪉㪅㪎
㪉㪅㪎
㪊㪅㪋
㪉㪅㪈
㪊㪅㪎

㪍㪏㪋

㪌㪅㪊

㪉㪅㪏 㪇㪅㪏㪏㪊㪈㪉㪋㪅㪋㪊㪅㪈 㪇㪅㪐㪇 㪁㪁㪁

㪐㪐㪍

㪌㪅㪇

㪉㪅㪐 㪇㪅㪏㪐㪍㪏㪉㪌㪅㪎㪉㪅㪍 㪇㪅㪏㪊㪊㪈㪊㪌㪅㪐㪉㪅㪎 㪇㪅㪏㪉㪐㪐㪌㪌㪅㪏㪉㪅㪍 㪇㪅㪏㪊

㪈㪅㪏
㪉㪅㪇
㪉㪅㪏
㪌㪅㪐
㪉㪅㪉
㪉㪅㪇

㪊㪈㪉 㪌㪅㪏㪊㪇㪐 㪌㪅㪈㪊㪈㪈 㪍㪅㪇㪊㪈㪈 㪈㪈㪅㪎㪊㪇㪐 㪋㪅㪉㪊㪈㪈 㪋㪅㪏

㪈㪅㪎
㪉㪅㪈
㪊㪅㪈
㪍㪅㪊
㪉㪅㪊
㪉㪅㪉

㪐㪐㪎 㪌㪅㪎㪐㪏㪎 㪌㪅㪋㪐㪐㪉 㪍㪅㪋㪐㪏㪊 㪈㪉㪅㪌㪐㪏㪌 㪋㪅㪊㪐㪏㪍 㪋㪅㪐㪍㪏㪌 㪌㪅㪎㪍㪎㪏 㪌㪅㪌㪍㪏㪈 㪍㪅㪍㪍㪎㪉 㪈㪉㪅㪐㪍㪎㪍 㪋㪅㪋㪍㪎㪌 㪋㪅㪐

㪇㪅㪏㪊
㪇㪅㪐㪇
㪇㪅㪐㪊
㪇㪅㪐㪊
㪇㪅㪏㪈
㪇㪅㪎㪎

㪁㪁
㪁㪁㪁
㪁㪁
㪁㪁㪁
㪁㪁㪁

㪇㪅㪎㪍
㪇㪅㪏㪏 㪁㪁
㪇㪅㪐㪋 㪁㪁
㪇㪅㪐㪊 㪁㪁
㪇㪅㪏㪉
㪇㪅㪏㪈

㪈㪅㪏
㪉㪅㪈
㪊㪅㪇
㪍㪅㪈
㪉㪅㪉
㪉㪅㪈

㪇㪅㪏㪇
㪇㪅㪏㪐
㪇㪅㪏㪍
㪇㪅㪐㪉
㪇㪅㪐㪇
㪇㪅㪏㪐
㪇㪅㪎㪐
㪇㪅㪐㪊
㪇㪅㪍㪏
㪇㪅㪐㪊
㪇㪅㪏㪊
㪇㪅㪏㪎
㪇㪅㪎㪏
㪇㪅㪏㪐
㪇㪅㪎㪋
㪇㪅㪐㪉

㪇㪅㪏㪈
㪇㪅㪐㪇
㪇㪅㪐㪊
㪇㪅㪐㪊
㪇㪅㪏㪈
㪇㪅㪎㪏



−  −

ᕈ࡮ᐕ㦂೎ዤᐲᓧὐᲧセࠍ⴫‫⴫ޔ‬ ᕈ࡮⡯⒳ዤᐲᓧὐᲧセࠍ⴫‫ߦ⴫ޔ‬ߦ␜ߒߚ‫↵ޕ‬ᕈߢߪᓎഀ⪾⮮‫ޔ‬ᚑ㐳ߩᯏળ‫ޔ‬␜ߒߚ‫↵ޕ‬ᕈߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩዤᐲߢ⡯⒳ߩല

߶߼ߡ߽ࠄ߃ࠆ⡯႐‫ⷙޔ‬ቯߐࠇߚ⡯ോߩㆀᨐ߇᦭ᗧߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᅚᕈߢߪ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߩᗧ⟵‫ޔ‬ⴕ‫ޔ‬ห௥ߩᡰេߢᐕ㦂ߩലᨐ߇᦭ᗧߢ޽ߞ

ᬺോ⽶ᜂ‫ޔ‬ᖱ✜⊛⽶ᜂ‫ޔ‬ᚑ㐳ߩᯏળ‫ޔ‬ᣂᄸߚ‫ޕ‬ᅚᕈߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂᄸᕈ‫ࠗࠥࡦࠛ࡮ࠢ࡯ࡢޔ‬ᕈ‫ޔ‬Ⓧᭂ⊛ߥቇ⠌ߢ⡯⒳ߩലᨐ߇᦭ᗧߢ

ࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߢᐕ㦂ߩലᨐ߇᦭ᗧߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬⴫㪊㪄㪈㩷ᕈ䊶ᐕ㦂೎ዤᐲᓧὐᲧセ↵䇭ᕈ㪈㪌㪄㪉㪐ᱦ
㪊㪇㪄㪊㪐ᱦ
㪋㪇㪄㪋㪐ᱦ
㪌㪇㪄㪌㪐ᱦ㪍㪇ᱦએ਄ੱᢙ ᐔဋ 㪪㪛 ੱᢙ ᐔဋ 㪪㪛 ੱᢙ ᐔဋ 㪪㪛 ੱᢙ ᐔဋ 㪪㪛 ੱᢙ ᐔဋ 㪪㪛઀੐䈱ᗧ⟵㪌㪎 㪍㪅㪈 㪈㪅㪍 㪉㪋㪉 㪍㪅㪈 㪉㪅㪇 㪉㪊㪉 㪍㪅㪉 㪈㪅㪏 㪈㪊㪈 㪍㪅㪉 㪈㪅㪐㪈㪏 㪍㪅㪍 㪈㪅㪏ᬺോ⽶ᜂ㪌㪏 㪏㪅㪏 㪊㪅㪉 㪉㪋㪊 㪐㪅㪊 㪊㪅㪇 㪉㪉㪐 㪐㪅㪈 㪊㪅㪉 㪈㪊㪊 㪏㪅㪌 㪊㪅㪊㪈㪏 㪎㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪈ᖱ✜⊛⽶ᜂ㪌㪎 㪋㪅㪐 㪉㪅㪊 㪉㪋㪋 㪋㪅㪍 㪉㪅㪊 㪉㪊㪇 㪋㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪉 㪈㪊㪊 㪋㪅㪋 㪉㪅㪉㪈㪏 㪊㪅㪐 㪉㪅㪋઀੐䈱䉮䊮䊃䊨䊷䊦㪌㪏 㪏㪅㪈 㪉㪅㪌 㪉㪋㪊 㪏㪅㪍 㪊㪅㪉 㪉㪉㪐 㪏㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪏 㪈㪊㪊 㪏㪅㪍 㪊㪅㪈㪈㪏 㪐㪅㪉 㪊㪅㪏ᓎഀ⪾⮮㪌㪏 㪋㪅㪋 㪈㪅㪍 㪉㪋㪌 㪋㪅㪏 㪈㪅㪐 㪉㪊㪇 㪋㪅㪍 㪉㪅㪇 㪈㪊㪉 㪋㪅㪊 㪈㪅㪐㪈㪏 㪊㪅㪉 㪈㪅㪐ᓎഀ᣿⏕䈘䊶ᦌᤒ䈘㪌㪌 㪐㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪌 㪉㪋㪌 㪈㪇㪅㪉 㪉㪅㪏 㪉㪊㪇 㪈㪇㪅㪉 㪉㪅㪍 㪈㪊㪉 㪈㪇㪅㪋 㪉㪅㪍㪈㪏 㪈㪈㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪋ᚑ㐳䈱ᯏળ㪌㪎 㪌㪅㪉 㪉㪅㪈 㪉㪋㪊 㪌㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪊 㪉㪊㪇 㪌㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪈 㪈㪊㪊 㪌㪅㪈 㪉㪅㪉㪈㪏 㪌㪅㪇 㪉㪅㪉ᣂᄸᕈ㪌㪏 㪋㪅㪐 㪈㪅㪐 㪉㪋㪉 㪌㪅㪇 㪉㪅㪈 㪉㪊㪈 㪋㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪇 㪈㪊㪊 㪋㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪇㪈㪏 㪊㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪊੍᷹น⢻ᕈ㩷㪌㪏 㪋㪅㪎 㪈㪅㪐 㪉㪋㪊 㪋㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪇 㪉㪊㪈 㪋㪅㪎 㪈㪅㪐 㪈㪊㪊 㪌㪅㪈 㪈㪅㪏㪈㪏 㪋㪅㪋 㪈㪅㪏⡯႐䈱৻૕ᗵ
㩷㩿䉸䊷䉲䊞䊦䊶䉨䊞䊏䉺䊦㪀⚻ᷣ䊶࿾૏ႎ㈽ዅ㊀ႎ㈽㩷
䊊䊤䉴䊜䊮䊃
਄ม䈱䊥䊷䉻䊷䉲䉾䊒㩷਄ม䈱౏ᱜ䈭ᘒᐲ䈾䉄䈩䉅䉌䈋䉎⡯႐ᄬᢌ䉕⹺䉄䉎⡯႐䉫䊦䊷䊒䈱᦭⢻ᗵ⡯䈱ਇ቟ቯᕈ㩿቟ቯႎ㈽㪀㩷
⚻༡ጀ䈫䈱ା㗬㑐ଥ㩷ᄌൻ䈻䈱ኻᔕ
ᚻ⛯䈐䈱౏ᱜᕈ㩷୘ੱ䈱ዅ㊀㩷
౏ᱜ䈭ੱ੐⹏ଔ㩷ᄙ᭽䈭ഭ௛⠪䈻䈱ኻᔕ䉨䊞䊥䉝ᒻᚑ㩷䊪䊷䉪䊶䉶䊦䊐䊶䊋䊤䊮䉴㩷㩿઀੐㸢ኅᐸ䋺䊈䉧䊁䉞䊑㪀䊪䊷䉪䊶䉶䊦䊐䊶䊋䊤䊮䉴㩷㩿઀੐㸢ኅᐸ䋺䊘䉳䊁䉞䊑㪀ⷙቯ䈘䉏䈢⡯ോ䈱ㆀⴕഃㅧᕈ䈱⊒ើ
Ⓧᭂ⊛䈭ቇ⠌
䊪䊷䉪䊶䉣䊮䉭䉟䉳䊜䊮䊃
਄ม䈱ᡰេ
ห௥䈱ᡰេ
㪁㪑㩷㫇㪓㪅㪇㪌㪃㩷㪁㪁㪑㩷㫇㪓㪅㪇㪈㪅

ಽᢔ
ಽᨆ

㪁㪁
㪁

㪌㪎 㪉㪋㪅㪋

㪍㪅㪌㪉㪊㪌 㪉㪊㪅㪇

㪏㪅㪎㪉㪉㪎 㪉㪉㪅㪏

㪎㪅㪌㪈㪊㪇 㪉㪊㪅㪈

㪏㪅㪇㪈㪏 㪉㪌㪅㪋

㪏㪅㪋

㪌㪏
㪌㪎
㪌㪍
㪌㪍
㪌㪏
㪌㪏
㪌㪏
㪌㪏
㪌㪎
㪌㪏
㪌㪎
㪌㪎
㪌㪏
㪌㪏
㪌㪏
㪌㪍

㪉㪅㪏
㪋㪅㪐
㪈㪅㪊
㪍㪅㪐
㪋㪅㪐
㪋㪅㪋
㪉㪅㪐
㪋㪅㪍
㪋㪅㪍
㪍㪅㪎
㪋㪅㪊
㪌㪅㪋
㪌㪅㪍
㪍㪅㪍
㪋㪅㪍
㪍㪅㪊

㪈㪅㪌
㪉㪅㪇
㪈㪅㪏
㪊㪅㪉
㪉㪅㪇
㪉㪅㪇
㪈㪅㪋
㪉㪅㪇
㪈㪅㪏
㪊㪅㪉
㪈㪅㪎
㪉㪅㪌
㪉㪅㪎
㪊㪅㪋
㪈㪅㪏
㪊㪅㪍

㪉㪋㪍
㪉㪋㪌
㪉㪋㪈
㪉㪋㪉
㪉㪋㪋
㪉㪋㪋
㪉㪋㪌
㪉㪋㪋
㪉㪋㪊
㪉㪋㪋
㪉㪋㪌
㪉㪋㪌
㪉㪋㪈
㪉㪋㪉
㪉㪋㪌
㪉㪋㪋

㪉㪅㪍
㪋㪅㪏
㪈㪅㪉
㪍㪅㪏
㪋㪅㪎
㪋㪅㪌
㪉㪅㪏
㪋㪅㪍
㪋㪅㪊
㪎㪅㪈
㪋㪅㪋
㪌㪅㪊
㪌㪅㪋
㪍㪅㪍
㪋㪅㪌
㪍㪅㪈

㪈㪅㪌
㪉㪅㪈
㪈㪅㪍
㪊㪅㪏
㪉㪅㪊
㪉㪅㪊
㪈㪅㪌
㪉㪅㪉
㪉㪅㪉
㪊㪅㪌
㪉㪅㪈
㪉㪅㪎
㪉㪅㪎
㪊㪅㪌
㪉㪅㪉
㪊㪅㪏

㪉㪊㪉
㪉㪊㪈
㪉㪊㪇
㪉㪉㪐
㪉㪊㪉
㪉㪊㪉
㪉㪊㪉
㪉㪊㪈
㪉㪊㪇
㪉㪉㪐
㪉㪊㪈
㪉㪊㪇
㪉㪊㪉
㪉㪉㪐
㪉㪊㪈
㪉㪉㪐

㪉㪅㪍
㪋㪅㪎
㪈㪅㪇
㪍㪅㪌
㪋㪅㪌
㪋㪅㪈
㪉㪅㪎
㪋㪅㪎
㪋㪅㪋
㪍㪅㪏
㪋㪅㪊
㪌㪅㪇
㪌㪅㪇
㪍㪅㪉
㪋㪅㪈
㪌㪅㪐

㪈㪅㪌
㪈㪅㪐
㪈㪅㪋
㪊㪅㪍
㪉㪅㪈
㪉㪅㪇
㪈㪅㪋
㪉㪅㪇
㪉㪅㪈
㪊㪅㪌
㪉㪅㪈
㪉㪅㪍
㪉㪅㪌
㪊㪅㪉
㪉㪅㪇
㪊㪅㪍

㪈㪊㪈
㪈㪊㪇
㪈㪊㪈
㪈㪊㪈
㪈㪊㪉
㪈㪊㪉
㪈㪊㪈
㪈㪊㪉
㪈㪊㪇
㪈㪊㪊
㪈㪊㪉
㪈㪊㪊
㪈㪊㪉
㪈㪊㪈
㪈㪊㪊
㪈㪉㪏

㪉㪅㪋
㪋㪅㪊
㪈㪅㪊
㪍㪅㪊
㪋㪅㪉
㪊㪅㪏
㪉㪅㪍
㪋㪅㪐
㪋㪅㪋
㪍㪅㪍
㪋㪅㪈
㪋㪅㪐
㪋㪅㪐
㪍㪅㪇
㪋㪅㪉
㪍㪅㪇

㪈㪅㪍
㪉㪅㪈
㪈㪅㪍
㪊㪅㪎
㪉㪅㪊
㪉㪅㪊
㪈㪅㪍
㪉㪅㪊
㪉㪅㪉
㪊㪅㪏
㪉㪅㪊
㪉㪅㪐
㪉㪅㪏
㪊㪅㪎
㪉㪅㪇
㪊㪅㪐

㪈㪏
㪈㪏
㪈㪎
㪈㪏
㪈㪏
㪈㪏
㪈㪏
㪈㪏
㪈㪏
㪈㪏
㪈㪏
㪈㪏
㪈㪏
㪈㪏
㪈㪎
㪈㪏

㪈㪅㪎
㪈㪅㪐
㪈㪅㪏
㪊㪅㪉
㪉㪅㪊
㪉㪅㪊 㪁
㪈㪅㪌
㪉㪅㪉
㪉㪅㪍
㪊㪅㪊
㪉㪅㪋
㪊㪅㪈
㪊㪅㪇
㪊㪅㪈
㪈㪅㪍
㪊㪅㪊

㪌㪏 㪌㪅㪌

㪉㪅㪋㪉㪋㪌 㪌㪅㪍

㪊㪅㪇㪉㪊㪇 㪌㪅㪉

㪉㪅㪏㪈㪊㪊 㪋㪅㪐

㪉㪅㪎㪈㪏 㪋㪅㪍

㪉㪅㪏㪌㪏 㪍㪅㪇

㪉㪅㪌㪉㪋㪋 㪌㪅㪏

㪉㪅㪏㪉㪊㪈 㪌㪅㪋

㪉㪅㪌㪈㪊㪈 㪍㪅㪇

㪉㪅㪊㪈㪏 㪍㪅㪏

㪉㪅㪎㪌㪏 㪌㪅㪋㪌㪎 㪌㪅㪇㪌㪏 㪍㪅㪊㪌㪎 㪈㪊㪅㪇㪌㪎 㪋㪅㪊㪌㪎 㪌㪅㪈

㪈㪅㪐
㪈㪅㪐
㪉㪅㪍
㪌㪅㪎
㪉㪅㪉
㪈㪅㪐

㪉㪋㪋 㪌㪅㪍㪉㪋㪇 㪌㪅㪌㪉㪋㪈 㪍㪅㪏㪉㪋㪉 㪈㪉㪅㪐㪉㪋㪉 㪋㪅㪎㪉㪋㪊 㪌㪅㪉

㪈㪅㪏
㪉㪅㪇
㪉㪅㪐
㪍㪅㪋
㪉㪅㪊
㪉㪅㪈

㪉㪊㪉 㪌㪅㪍㪉㪊㪉 㪌㪅㪍㪉㪊㪈 㪍㪅㪌㪉㪊㪇 㪈㪉㪅㪌㪉㪉㪐 㪋㪅㪉㪉㪉㪎 㪋㪅㪎

㪈㪅㪏
㪉㪅㪇
㪉㪅㪏
㪌㪅㪍
㪉㪅㪈
㪈㪅㪐

㪈㪊㪊 㪍㪅㪈㪈㪊㪈 㪌㪅㪌㪈㪊㪊 㪍㪅㪊㪈㪉㪌 㪈㪊㪅㪇㪈㪊㪇 㪋㪅㪈㪈㪊㪇 㪋㪅㪍

㪈㪅㪎
㪉㪅㪈
㪉㪅㪐
㪌㪅㪏
㪉㪅㪊
㪉㪅㪇

㪈㪏 㪍㪅㪋㪈㪏 㪍㪅㪈㪈㪏 㪎㪅㪈㪈㪏 㪈㪍㪅㪇㪈㪏 㪋㪅㪈㪈㪏 㪋㪅㪌

㪈㪅㪋 㪁
㪈㪅㪍
㪉㪅㪐
㪍㪅㪉
㪉㪅㪈
㪉㪅㪈 㪁

㪉㪅㪍
㪌㪅㪋
㪈㪅㪌
㪍㪅㪐
㪋㪅㪎
㪋㪅㪋
㪉㪅㪏
㪌㪅㪈
㪋㪅㪏
㪏㪅㪋
㪋㪅㪊
㪌㪅㪋
㪌㪅㪊
㪍㪅㪌
㪋㪅㪈
㪌㪅㪐










−  −

⴫㪊㪄㪉㩷ᕈ䊶ᐕ㦂೎ዤᐲᓧὐᲧセᅚ䇭ᕈ㪈㪌㪄㪉㪐ᱦ
㪊㪇㪄㪊㪐ᱦ
㪋㪇㪄㪋㪐ᱦ
㪌㪇㪄㪌㪐ᱦ㪍㪇ᱦએ਄ੱᢙ ᐔဋ 㪪㪛 ੱᢙ ᐔဋ 㪪㪛 ੱᢙ ᐔဋ 㪪㪛 ੱᢙ ᐔဋ 㪪㪛 ੱᢙ ᐔဋ 㪪㪛઀੐䈱ᗧ⟵㪏㪌 㪌㪅㪏 㪈㪅㪐 㪈㪋㪌 㪌㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪉㪌㪐 㪌㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪈㪈㪏 㪍㪅㪋 㪉㪅㪌㪌 㪌㪅㪋 㪇㪅㪐ᬺോ⽶ᜂ
㪏㪌 㪏㪅㪌 㪊㪅㪍 㪈㪋㪋 㪎㪅㪊 㪋㪅㪇㪌㪐 㪎㪅㪎 㪊㪅㪉㪈㪎 㪎㪅㪍 㪊㪅㪉㪌 㪋㪅㪏 㪈㪅㪍ᖱ✜⊛⽶ᜂ
㪏㪌 㪌㪅㪈 㪉㪅㪌 㪈㪋㪍 㪋㪅㪋 㪉㪅㪍㪌㪐 㪋㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪎㪈㪏 㪋㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪈㪌 㪊㪅㪉 㪈㪅㪊઀੐䈱䉮䊮䊃䊨䊷䊦㪏㪊 㪏㪅㪈 㪊㪅㪇 㪈㪋㪌 㪏㪅㪎 㪊㪅㪈㪌㪐 㪏㪅㪋 㪊㪅㪊㪈㪏 㪏㪅㪊 㪋㪅㪈㪌 㪏㪅㪍 㪊㪅㪎ᓎഀ⪾⮮㪏㪋 㪋㪅㪍 㪈㪅㪍 㪈㪋㪍 㪋㪅㪈 㪉㪅㪈㪌㪐 㪋㪅㪇 㪉㪅㪇㪈㪏 㪋㪅㪊 㪈㪅㪏㪌 㪊㪅㪉 㪈㪅㪊ᓎഀ᣿⏕䈘䊶ᦌᤒ䈘㪏㪋 㪐㪅㪐 㪉㪅㪊 㪈㪋㪌 㪐㪅㪐 㪉㪅㪏㪌㪏 㪐㪅㪍 㪊㪅㪋㪈㪏 㪈㪇㪅㪏 㪊㪅㪎㪌 㪈㪇㪅㪇 㪊㪅㪈ᚑ㐳䈱ᯏળ㪏㪋 㪋㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪇 㪈㪋㪍 㪋㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪌㪌㪐 㪋㪅㪍 㪉㪅㪍㪈㪏 㪌㪅㪉 㪊㪅㪇㪌 㪋㪅㪉 㪈㪅㪐ᣂᄸᕈ㪏㪌 㪋㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪉 㪈㪋㪍 㪊㪅㪐 㪉㪅㪋㪌㪐 㪊㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪈㪈㪏 㪋㪅㪐 㪉㪅㪍㪌 㪉㪅㪍 㪇㪅㪐੍᷹น⢻ᕈ㩷㪏㪌 㪋㪅㪋 㪈㪅㪐 㪈㪋㪌 㪋㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪈㪌㪐 㪋㪅㪍 㪉㪅㪈㪈㪏 㪌㪅㪉 㪈㪅㪏㪌 㪋㪅㪋 㪈㪅㪌⡯႐䈱৻૕ᗵ㪏㪋 㪉㪋㪅㪎 㪏㪅㪋 㪈㪋㪉 㪉㪊㪅㪏 㪏㪅㪌㪌㪏 㪉㪊㪅㪇 㪐㪅㪊㪈㪎 㪉㪌㪅㪈 㪐㪅㪇㪌 㪈㪐㪅㪋 㪐㪅㪎㩷㩿䉸䊷䉲䊞䊦䊶䉨䊞䊏䉺䊦㪀⚻ᷣ䊶࿾૏ႎ㈽㪏㪋 㪉㪅㪐 㪈㪅㪍 㪈㪋㪋 㪉㪅㪍 㪈㪅㪌㪌㪐 㪉㪅㪌 㪈㪅㪎㪈㪎 㪉㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪈㪌 㪉㪅㪋 㪇㪅㪐
ዅ㊀ႎ㈽㩷㪏㪌 㪌㪅㪉 㪉㪅㪇 㪈㪋㪌 㪋㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪈㪌㪐 㪋㪅㪍 㪉㪅㪊㪈㪏 㪋㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪍㪌 㪊㪅㪋 㪉㪅㪉䊊䊤䉴䊜䊮䊃㪏㪌 㪇㪅㪏 㪈㪅㪊 㪈㪋㪉 㪇㪅㪏 㪈㪅㪊㪌㪎 㪇㪅㪎 㪈㪅㪋㪈㪎 㪈㪅㪈 㪈㪅㪋㪌 㪈㪅㪏 㪈㪅㪈਄ม䈱䊥䊷䉻䊷䉲䉾䊒㩷㪏㪋 㪎㪅㪇 㪊㪅㪋 㪈㪋㪍 㪍㪅㪇 㪊㪅㪌㪌㪐 㪌㪅㪐 㪊㪅㪐㪈㪏 㪍㪅㪉 㪊㪅㪎㪌 㪋㪅㪏 㪊㪅㪊਄ม䈱౏ᱜ䈭ᘒᐲ㪏㪌 㪋㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪉 㪈㪋㪌 㪋㪅㪋 㪉㪅㪊㪌㪐 㪋㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪋㪈㪏 㪋㪅㪉 㪉㪅㪎㪌 㪉㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪉䈾䉄䈩䉅䉌䈋䉎⡯႐㪏㪋 㪋㪅㪍 㪉㪅㪋 㪈㪋㪍 㪋㪅㪋 㪉㪅㪊㪌㪐 㪋㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪌㪈㪏 㪋㪅㪋 㪉㪅㪐㪌 㪊㪅㪉 㪉㪅㪇ᄬᢌ䉕⹺䉄䉎⡯႐㪏㪌 㪉㪅㪏 㪈㪅㪌 㪈㪋㪍 㪉㪅㪎 㪈㪅㪋㪌㪐 㪉㪅㪍 㪈㪅㪌㪈㪏 㪊㪅㪈 㪈㪅㪐㪌 㪊㪅㪇 㪈㪅㪉䉫䊦䊷䊒䈱᦭⢻ᗵ㪏㪌 㪋㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪉 㪈㪋㪌 㪋㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪊㪌㪏 㪋㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪉㪈㪏 㪋㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪏㪌 㪊㪅㪋 㪈㪅㪈⡯䈱ਇ቟ቯᕈ㩿቟ቯႎ㈽㪀㩷
㪏㪌 㪋㪅㪋 㪈㪅㪏 㪈㪋㪋 㪋㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪉㪌㪎 㪋㪅㪐 㪉㪅㪌㪈㪏 㪊㪅㪐 㪉㪅㪉㪌 㪋㪅㪍 㪈㪅㪌⚻༡ጀ䈫䈱ା㗬㑐ଥ㩷㪏㪌 㪎㪅㪈 㪊㪅㪇 㪈㪋㪋 㪎㪅㪉 㪊㪅㪌㪌㪐 㪍㪅㪐 㪊㪅㪏㪈㪎 㪎㪅㪉 㪊㪅㪎㪌 㪎㪅㪇 㪊㪅㪈ᄌൻ䈻䈱ኻᔕ㪏㪌 㪋㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪇 㪈㪋㪋 㪋㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪈㪌㪐 㪋㪅㪉 㪉㪅㪊㪈㪏 㪋㪅㪋 㪉㪅㪍㪌 㪊㪅㪏 㪈㪅㪌ᚻ⛯䈐䈱౏ᱜᕈ㩷㪏㪋 㪌㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪍 㪈㪋㪌 㪌㪅㪉 㪉㪅㪏㪌㪏 㪌㪅㪈 㪊㪅㪈㪈㪏 㪌㪅㪏 㪊㪅㪋㪌 㪋㪅㪋 㪈㪅㪌୘ੱ䈱ዅ㊀㩷㪏㪌 㪌㪅㪍 㪉㪅㪐 㪈㪋㪍 㪌㪅㪉 㪉㪅㪎㪌㪏 㪌㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪎㪈㪏 㪌㪅㪇 㪊㪅㪇㪌 㪌㪅㪉 㪉㪅㪎౏ᱜ䈭ੱ੐⹏ଔ㩷㪏㪉 㪍㪅㪎 㪊㪅㪉 㪈㪋㪍 㪍㪅㪉 㪊㪅㪊㪌㪐 㪌㪅㪐 㪋㪅㪇㪈㪏 㪍㪅㪊 㪊㪅㪏㪌 㪌㪅㪋 㪊㪅㪍ᄙ᭽䈭ഭ௛⠪䈻䈱ኻᔕ㪏㪌 㪌㪅㪋 㪈㪅㪐 㪈㪋㪍 㪋㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪈㪌㪐 㪋㪅㪋 㪉㪅㪉㪈㪎 㪋㪅㪋 㪉㪅㪌㪌 㪋㪅㪉 㪉㪅㪉䉨䊞䊥䉝ᒻᚑ㩷㪏㪋 㪍㪅㪌 㪊㪅㪊 㪈㪋㪍 㪌㪅㪍 㪊㪅㪏㪌㪏 㪌㪅㪍 㪊㪅㪐㪈㪏 㪌㪅㪋 㪊㪅㪍㪌 㪌㪅㪋 㪊㪅㪋䊪䊷䉪䊶䉶䊦䊐䊶䊋䊤䊮䉴㪏㪌 㪋㪅㪏 㪊㪅㪉 㪈㪋㪌 㪋㪅㪈 㪊㪅㪈㪌㪐 㪋㪅㪍 㪉㪅㪐㪈㪏 㪋㪅㪋 㪊㪅㪇㪌 㪊㪅㪍 㪉㪅㪈㩷㩿઀੐㸢ኅᐸ䋺䊈䉧䊁䉞䊑㪀䊪䊷䉪䊶䉶䊦䊐䊶䊋䊤䊮䉴㪏㪌 㪌㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪐 㪈㪋㪍 㪍㪅㪇 㪉㪅㪍㪌㪐 㪌㪅㪐 㪉㪅㪐㪈㪏 㪍㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪎㪌 㪍㪅㪇 㪈㪅㪐㩷㩿઀੐㸢ኅᐸ䋺䊘䉳䊁䉞䊑㪀ⷙቯ䈘䉏䈢⡯ോ䈱ㆀⴕ㪏㪌 㪌㪅㪌 㪈㪅㪌 㪈㪋㪌 㪌㪅㪏 㪈㪅㪍㪌㪐 㪌㪅㪐 㪉㪅㪇㪈㪏 㪍㪅㪉 㪉㪅㪇㪌 㪌㪅㪏 㪇㪅㪏ഃㅧᕈ䈱⊒ើ㪏㪋 㪋㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪈 㪈㪋㪋 㪌㪅㪇 㪉㪅㪈㪌㪏 㪌㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪉㪈㪏 㪍㪅㪇 㪉㪅㪌㪌 㪋㪅㪏 㪈㪅㪊Ⓧᭂ⊛䈭ቇ⠌
㪏㪋 㪍㪅㪉 㪉㪅㪎 㪈㪋㪌 㪌㪅㪏 㪊㪅㪉㪌㪐 㪍㪅㪇 㪊㪅㪊㪈㪏 㪍㪅㪎 㪋㪅㪌㪌 㪌㪅㪉 㪈㪅㪈䊪䊷䉪䊶䉣䊮䉭䉟䉳䊜䊮䊃㪏㪌 㪈㪈㪅㪈 㪍㪅㪇 㪈㪋㪌 㪈㪈㪅㪇 㪍㪅㪋㪌㪏 㪈㪊㪅㪇 㪍㪅㪊㪈㪏 㪈㪋㪅㪎 㪍㪅㪌㪌 㪈㪊㪅㪋 㪉㪅㪏਄ม䈱ᡰេ㪏㪌 㪋㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪊 㪈㪋㪌 㪋㪅㪈 㪉㪅㪊㪌㪏 㪋㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪊㪈㪎 㪊㪅㪐 㪉㪅㪉㪋 㪊㪅㪊 㪊㪅㪇ห௥䈱ᡰេ㪏㪌 㪌㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪉 㪈㪋㪌 㪋㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪉㪌㪐 㪋㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪉㪈㪎 㪌㪅㪉 㪉㪅㪋㪌 㪊㪅㪋 㪉㪅㪍㪁㪑㩷㫇㪓㪅㪇㪌㪃㩷㪁㪁㪑㩷㫇㪓㪅㪇㪈㪅















−  −

ಽᢔ
ಽᨆ

㪁㪁

㪁





⴫㪋㪄㪈㩷ᕈ䊶⡯⒳ዤᐲᓧὐᲧセ↵䇭ᕈ▤ℂ⡯ኾ㐷䊶ᛛⴚ⡯
੐ോ♽⃻႐♽༡ᬺ䊶⽼ᄁ⡯
䈠䈱ઁੱᢙ ᐔဋ 㪪㪛 ੱᢙ ᐔဋ 㪪㪛 ੱᢙ ᐔဋ 㪪㪛 ੱᢙ ᐔဋ 㪪㪛 ੱᢙ ᐔဋ 㪪㪛 ੱᢙ ᐔဋ 㪪㪛઀੐䈱ᗧ⟵㪈㪊㪈 㪍㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪇 㪉㪈㪈 㪍㪅㪊 㪈㪅㪐 㪈㪋㪐 㪌㪅㪐 㪈㪅㪍㪏㪇 㪌㪅㪍 㪉㪅㪇㪐㪋 㪌㪅㪐 㪉㪅㪇㪈㪌 㪍㪅㪐 㪈㪅㪏ᬺോ⽶ᜂ㪈㪊㪇 㪐㪅㪊 㪊㪅㪉 㪉㪈㪈 㪐㪅㪈 㪊㪅㪈 㪈㪋㪏 㪏㪅㪏 㪊㪅㪉㪏㪈 㪏㪅㪌 㪊㪅㪇㪐㪍 㪐㪅㪉 㪊㪅㪈㪈㪌 㪐㪅㪍 㪊㪅㪌ᖱ✜⊛⽶ᜂ㪈㪊㪇 㪋㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪊 㪉㪈㪈 㪋㪅㪋 㪉㪅㪊 㪈㪋㪏 㪋㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪉㪏㪉 㪋㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪉㪐㪍 㪌㪅㪇 㪉㪅㪊㪈㪌 㪌㪅㪈 㪉㪅㪊઀੐䈱䉮䊮䊃䊨䊷䊦㪈㪊㪇 㪐㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪍 㪉㪈㪇 㪏㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪐 㪈㪋㪐 㪏㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪎㪏㪈 㪎㪅㪉 㪊㪅㪋㪐㪍 㪏㪅㪎 㪊㪅㪇㪈㪌 㪎㪅㪐 㪋㪅㪊ᓎഀ⪾⮮㪈㪊㪈 㪋㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪇 㪉㪈㪈 㪋㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪇 㪈㪋㪐 㪋㪅㪎 㪈㪅㪏㪏㪉 㪋㪅㪏 㪈㪅㪎㪐㪌 㪋㪅㪎 㪈㪅㪐㪈㪌 㪋㪅㪐 㪉㪅㪇ᓎഀ᣿⏕䈘䊶ᦌᤒ䈘㪈㪊㪈 㪈㪇㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪏 㪉㪈㪇 㪈㪇㪅㪉 㪉㪅㪎 㪈㪋㪐 㪐㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪍㪏㪈 㪐㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪋㪐㪋 㪈㪇㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪍㪈㪌 㪈㪈㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪏ᚑ㐳䈱ᯏળ㪈㪉㪐 㪌㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪇 㪉㪈㪈 㪌㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪈 㪈㪋㪐 㪌㪅㪇 㪉㪅㪇㪏㪉 㪋㪅㪇 㪉㪅㪊㪐㪌 㪌㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪈㪈㪌 㪌㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪏ᣂᄸᕈ㪈㪊㪈 㪋㪅㪏 㪈㪅㪐 㪉㪈㪇 㪌㪅㪇 㪉㪅㪈 㪈㪋㪐 㪋㪅㪏 㪈㪅㪐㪏㪉 㪊㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪈㪐㪌 㪋㪅㪎 㪈㪅㪐㪈㪌 㪌㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪏੍᷹น⢻ᕈ㩷㪈㪊㪇 㪌㪅㪊 㪈㪅㪐 㪉㪈㪉 㪋㪅㪎 㪈㪅㪏 㪈㪌㪇 㪋㪅㪍 㪉㪅㪇㪏㪉 㪋㪅㪊 㪈㪅㪏㪐㪌 㪋㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪇㪈㪋 㪋㪅㪋 㪈㪅㪏⡯႐䈱৻૕ᗵ㪈㪊㪇 㪉㪌㪅㪇 㪎㪅㪏 㪉㪇㪎 㪉㪊㪅㪐 㪎㪅㪏 㪈㪋㪌 㪉㪉㪅㪉 㪎㪅㪎㪎㪏 㪉㪇㪅㪇 㪎㪅㪏㪐㪉 㪉㪉㪅㪌 㪏㪅㪍㪈㪌 㪉㪌㪅㪍 㪌㪅㪈㩷㩿䉸䊷䉲䊞䊦䊶䉨䊞䊏䉺䊦㪀⚻ᷣ䊶࿾૏ႎ㈽㪈㪊㪈 㪉㪅㪐 㪈㪅㪍 㪉㪈㪇 㪉㪅㪎 㪈㪅㪌 㪈㪌㪇 㪉㪅㪎 㪈㪅㪋㪏㪉 㪈㪅㪎 㪈㪅㪋㪐㪎 㪉㪅㪍 㪈㪅㪍㪈㪌 㪉㪅㪍 㪈㪅㪌
ዅ㊀ႎ㈽㩷
㪈㪉㪐 㪌㪅㪈 㪉㪅㪇 㪉㪇㪐 㪋㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪈 㪈㪌㪇 㪋㪅㪌 㪈㪅㪐㪏㪉 㪋㪅㪇 㪈㪅㪐㪐㪍 㪋㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪉㪈㪌 㪌㪅㪌 㪈㪅㪏䊊䊤䉴䊜䊮䊃㪈㪊㪇 㪈㪅㪇 㪈㪅㪌 㪉㪇㪏 㪈㪅㪇 㪈㪅㪌 㪈㪋㪐 㪈㪅㪊 㪈㪅㪌㪎㪏 㪈㪅㪊 㪈㪅㪎㪐㪌 㪈㪅㪌 㪈㪅㪎㪈㪌 㪇㪅㪌 㪈㪅㪈਄ม䈱䊥䊷䉻䊷䉲䉾䊒㩷㪈㪉㪏 㪎㪅㪋 㪊㪅㪊 㪉㪇㪎 㪎㪅㪇 㪊㪅㪎 㪈㪋㪏 㪍㪅㪌 㪊㪅㪍㪏㪉 㪋㪅㪎 㪊㪅㪊㪐㪍 㪍㪅㪍 㪊㪅㪎㪈㪌 㪍㪅㪍 㪊㪅㪍਄ม䈱౏ᱜ䈭ᘒᐲ㪈㪊㪈 㪌㪅㪇 㪉㪅㪇 㪉㪈㪈 㪋㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪈 㪈㪋㪐 㪋㪅㪋 㪉㪅㪉㪏㪉 㪊㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪉㪐㪍 㪋㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪋㪈㪌 㪋㪅㪎 㪈㪅㪐䈾䉄䈩䉅䉌䈋䉎⡯႐㪈㪊㪈 㪋㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪇 㪉㪈㪈 㪋㪅㪋 㪉㪅㪈 㪈㪌㪇 㪋㪅㪉 㪉㪅㪉㪏㪉 㪊㪅㪉 㪉㪅㪉㪐㪌 㪋㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪊㪈㪌 㪋㪅㪈 㪉㪅㪋ᄬᢌ䉕⹺䉄䉎⡯႐㪈㪊㪈 㪊㪅㪈 㪈㪅㪌 㪉㪈㪈 㪉㪅㪏 㪈㪅㪌 㪈㪋㪐 㪉㪅㪍 㪈㪅㪋㪏㪉 㪉㪅㪈 㪈㪅㪊㪐㪍 㪉㪅㪐 㪈㪅㪌㪈㪌 㪉㪅㪌 㪈㪅㪎㪈㪊㪈 㪌㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪇 㪉㪈㪈 㪌㪅㪇 㪉㪅㪉 㪈㪌㪇 㪋㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪉㪏㪈 㪋㪅㪇 㪉㪅㪉㪐㪍 㪋㪅㪋 㪉㪅㪇㪈㪋 㪌㪅㪋 㪈㪅㪍䉫䊦䊷䊒䈱᦭⢻ᗵ⡯䈱ਇ቟ቯᕈ㩿቟ቯႎ㈽㪀㩷 㪈㪉㪐 㪊㪅㪐 㪉㪅㪈 㪉㪇㪐 㪋㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪈 㪈㪋㪏 㪋㪅㪋 㪉㪅㪇㪏㪈 㪌㪅㪉 㪉㪅㪈㪐㪍 㪋㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪉㪈㪌 㪊㪅㪏 㪈㪅㪍⚻༡ጀ䈫䈱ା㗬㑐ଥ㩷㪈㪊㪇 㪎㪅㪍 㪊㪅㪌 㪉㪈㪉 㪎㪅㪇 㪊㪅㪍 㪈㪋㪐 㪎㪅㪇 㪊㪅㪌㪏㪈 㪌㪅㪎 㪊㪅㪊㪐㪌 㪍㪅㪐 㪊㪅㪌㪈㪌 㪍㪅㪌 㪊㪅㪎ᄌൻ䈻䈱ኻᔕ㪈㪉㪐 㪋㪅㪍 㪉㪅㪉 㪉㪈㪈 㪋㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪇 㪈㪋㪐 㪋㪅㪉 㪉㪅㪈㪏㪉 㪊㪅㪍 㪉㪅㪉㪐㪎 㪋㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪇㪈㪌 㪋㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪈ᚻ⛯䈐䈱౏ᱜᕈ㩷㪈㪊㪈 㪌㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪏 㪉㪈㪇 㪌㪅㪈 㪉㪅㪎 㪈㪋㪐 㪌㪅㪈 㪉㪅㪎㪏㪈 㪋㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪌㪐㪎 㪌㪅㪋 㪉㪅㪎㪈㪌 㪌㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪏୘ੱ䈱ዅ㊀㩷㪈㪊㪈 㪌㪅㪍 㪉㪅㪍 㪉㪇㪐 㪌㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪎 㪈㪋㪏 㪌㪅㪇 㪉㪅㪍㪏㪉 㪋㪅㪇 㪉㪅㪋㪐㪍 㪌㪅㪋 㪉㪅㪎㪈㪌 㪋㪅㪇 㪉㪅㪐౏ᱜ䈭ੱ੐⹏ଔ㩷㪈㪊㪇 㪍㪅㪎 㪊㪅㪍 㪉㪈㪇 㪍㪅㪍 㪊㪅㪉 㪈㪋㪎 㪍㪅㪊 㪊㪅㪋㪏㪈 㪋㪅㪍 㪉㪅㪐㪐㪍 㪍㪅㪏 㪊㪅㪍㪈㪋 㪍㪅㪉 㪊㪅㪈ᄙ᭽䈭ഭ௛⠪䈻䈱ኻᔕ㪈㪊㪈 㪋㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪈 㪉㪈㪈 㪋㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪇 㪈㪋㪐 㪋㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪇㪏㪉 㪊㪅㪍 㪈㪅㪏㪐㪍 㪋㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪈㪈㪌 㪋㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪋䉨䊞䊥䉝ᒻᚑ㩷㪈㪊㪈 㪍㪅㪌 㪊㪅㪐 㪉㪇㪏 㪍㪅㪌 㪊㪅㪎 㪈㪋㪏 㪍㪅㪈 㪊㪅㪌㪏㪈 㪋㪅㪈 㪊㪅㪊㪐㪊 㪍㪅㪇 㪊㪅㪏㪈㪋 㪎㪅㪋 㪊㪅㪊䊪䊷䉪䊶䉶䊦䊐䊶䊋䊤䊮䉴㪈㪊㪇 㪌㪅㪈 㪉㪅㪌 㪉㪈㪉 㪌㪅㪉 㪊㪅㪇 㪈㪌㪇 㪌㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪐㪏㪈 㪋㪅㪐 㪊㪅㪇㪐㪎 㪍㪅㪇 㪉㪅㪎㪈㪋 㪌㪅㪋 㪉㪅㪋㩷㩿઀੐㸢ኅᐸ䋺䊈䉧䊁䉞䊑㪀䊪䊷䉪䊶䉶䊦䊐䊶䊋䊤䊮䉴㪈㪊㪈 㪌㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪌 㪉㪈㪇 㪍㪅㪈 㪉㪅㪏 㪈㪋㪎 㪌㪅㪋 㪉㪅㪊㪏㪉 㪌㪅㪈 㪉㪅㪋㪐㪎 㪌㪅㪐 㪉㪅㪏㪈㪌 㪍㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪌㩷㩿઀੐㸢ኅᐸ䋺䊘䉳䊁䉞䊑㪀ⷙቯ䈘䉏䈢⡯ോ䈱ㆀⴕ㪈㪊㪈 㪍㪅㪇 㪈㪅㪐 㪉㪈㪇 㪌㪅㪐 㪈㪅㪍 㪈㪌㪇 㪌㪅㪋 㪈㪅㪏㪏㪉 㪌㪅㪍 㪈㪅㪐㪐㪎 㪌㪅㪉 㪈㪅㪏㪈㪌 㪍㪅㪇 㪉㪅㪊ഃㅧᕈ䈱⊒ើ㪈㪊㪈 㪍㪅㪈 㪈㪅㪐 㪉㪇㪍 㪌㪅㪎 㪈㪅㪐 㪈㪋㪐 㪌㪅㪇 㪉㪅㪇㪏㪉 㪋㪅㪐 㪉㪅㪊㪐㪍 㪌㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪇㪈㪋 㪍㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪌Ⓧᭂ⊛䈭ቇ⠌
㪈㪊㪈 㪎㪅㪈 㪉㪅㪍 㪉㪇㪏 㪍㪅㪐 㪉㪅㪎 㪈㪋㪏 㪍㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪏㪏㪉 㪌㪅㪈 㪊㪅㪈㪐㪎 㪍㪅㪍 㪉㪅㪎㪈㪌 㪎㪅㪌 㪊㪅㪏䊪䊷䉪䊶䉣䊮䉭䉟䉳䊜䊮䊃㪈㪉㪏 㪈㪋㪅㪉 㪌㪅㪌 㪉㪇㪏 㪈㪊㪅㪊 㪌㪅㪏 㪈㪋㪎 㪈㪈㪅㪐 㪌㪅㪐㪎㪐 㪈㪈㪅㪇 㪌㪅㪐㪐㪍 㪈㪉㪅㪎 㪍㪅㪉㪈㪋 㪈㪌㪅㪌 㪎㪅㪇਄ม䈱ᡰេ㪈㪉㪏 㪋㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪉 㪉㪇㪎 㪋㪅㪍 㪉㪅㪉 㪈㪌㪇 㪋㪅㪋 㪉㪅㪊㪏㪇 㪊㪅㪍 㪉㪅㪈㪐㪍 㪋㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪊㪈㪌 㪊㪅㪐 㪉㪅㪊ห௥䈱ᡰេ㪈㪉㪐 㪌㪅㪇 㪉㪅㪇 㪉㪇㪎 㪌㪅㪈 㪉㪅㪈 㪈㪋㪏 㪋㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪇㪏㪇 㪋㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪈㪐㪍 㪋㪅㪏 㪈㪅㪐㪈㪌 㪋㪅㪎 㪈㪅㪏㪁㪑㩷㫇㪓㪅㪇㪌㪃㩷㪁㪁㪑㩷㫇㪓㪅㪇㪈㪃㩷㪁㪁㪁㪑㩷㫇㪓㪅㪇㪇㪈㪅


















−  −

ಽᢔ
ಽᨆ
㪁㪁㪁
㪁㪁㪁
㪁㪁
㪁㪁㪁
㪁㪁㪁
㪁
㪁㪁㪁
㪁㪁㪁
㪁㪁㪁
㪁
㪁㪁㪁
㪁㪁㪁
㪁㪁㪁
㪁㪁㪁
㪁㪁㪁
㪁㪁㪁
㪁
㪁㪁㪁
㪁㪁㪁
㪁
㪁㪁㪁

㪁
㪁㪁
㪁㪁㪁
㪁㪁㪁
㪁㪁㪁
㪁㪁





⴫㪋㪄㪉㩷ᕈ䊶⡯⒳ዤᐲᓧὐᲧセᅚ䇭ᕈ▤ℂ⡯ኾ㐷䊶ᛛⴚ⡯
੐ോ♽⃻႐♽༡ᬺ䊶⽼ᄁ⡯
䈠䈱ઁੱᢙ ᐔဋ 㪪㪛 ੱᢙ ᐔဋ 㪪㪛 ੱᢙ ᐔဋ 㪪㪛 ੱᢙ ᐔဋ 㪪㪛 ੱᢙ ᐔဋ 㪪㪛 ੱᢙ ᐔဋ 㪪㪛઀੐䈱ᗧ⟵㪋 㪌㪅㪊 㪊㪅㪇㪍㪇 㪍㪅㪍 㪈㪅㪐 㪉㪇㪊 㪌㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪇㪈㪊 㪌㪅㪐 㪉㪅㪏㪉㪇 㪌㪅㪐 㪉㪅㪌㪈㪉 㪍㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪈ᬺോ⽶ᜂ㪋 㪏㪅㪌 㪈㪅㪊㪌㪐 㪐㪅㪈 㪊㪅㪋 㪉㪇㪉 㪍㪅㪐 㪊㪅㪍㪈㪊 㪏㪅㪍 㪋㪅㪏㪉㪇 㪈㪇㪅㪈 㪊㪅㪇㪈㪉 㪐㪅㪏 㪊㪅㪎ᖱ✜⊛⽶ᜂ㪋 㪌㪅㪇 㪈㪅㪏㪍㪇 㪌㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪏 㪉㪇㪋 㪋㪅㪉 㪉㪅㪋㪈㪊 㪋㪅㪏 㪊㪅㪊㪉㪇 㪌㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪋㪈㪉 㪌㪅㪊 㪊㪅㪉઀੐䈱䉮䊮䊃䊨䊷䊦㪋 㪈㪇㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪉㪍㪇 㪏㪅㪏 㪊㪅㪉 㪉㪇㪉 㪏㪅㪌 㪊㪅㪈㪈㪉 㪍㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪎㪉㪇 㪏㪅㪉 㪋㪅㪈㪈㪉 㪏㪅㪏 㪊㪅㪋ᓎഀ⪾⮮㪋 㪋㪅㪇 㪈㪅㪉㪍㪇 㪋㪅㪋 㪉㪅㪇 㪉㪇㪊 㪋㪅㪈 㪈㪅㪐㪈㪊 㪊㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪌㪉㪇 㪋㪅㪍 㪉㪅㪉㪈㪉 㪌㪅㪇 㪈㪅㪋ᓎഀ᣿⏕䈘䊶ᦌᤒ䈘㪋 㪐㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪐㪍㪇 㪈㪇㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪋 㪉㪇㪉 㪐㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪏㪈㪊 㪐㪅㪉 㪊㪅㪐㪈㪐 㪈㪇㪅㪉 㪊㪅㪎㪈㪉 㪐㪅㪏 㪊㪅㪊ᚑ㐳䈱ᯏળ㪋 㪋㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪌㪍㪇 㪍㪅㪇 㪉㪅㪇 㪉㪇㪊 㪋㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪊㪈㪊 㪊㪅㪏 㪊㪅㪇㪉㪇 㪌㪅㪇 㪉㪅㪏㪈㪉 㪌㪅㪐 㪉㪅㪉ᣂᄸᕈ㪋 㪋㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪏㪍㪇 㪌㪅㪉 㪉㪅㪇 㪉㪇㪋 㪊㪅㪐 㪉㪅㪊㪈㪊 㪊㪅㪋 㪉㪅㪌㪉㪇 㪊㪅㪐 㪊㪅㪇㪈㪉 㪋㪅㪋 㪉㪅㪉੍᷹น⢻ᕈ㩷㪋 㪊㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪈㪌㪐 㪋㪅㪍 㪉㪅㪇 㪉㪇㪋 㪋㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪇㪈㪊 㪋㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪉㪉㪇 㪊㪅㪐 㪉㪅㪉㪈㪉 㪋㪅㪋 㪉㪅㪉⡯႐䈱৻૕ᗵ㪋 㪉㪇㪅㪏 㪏㪅㪎㪌㪏 㪉㪍㪅㪇 㪐㪅㪊 㪈㪐㪐 㪉㪊㪅㪋 㪏㪅㪋㪈㪊 㪉㪉㪅㪋 㪐㪅㪊㪉㪇 㪉㪉㪅㪏 㪏㪅㪋㪈㪉 㪉㪌㪅㪏 㪐㪅㪈㩷㩿䉸䊷䉲䊞䊦䊶䉨䊞䊏䉺䊦㪀⚻ᷣ䊶࿾૏ႎ㈽㪋 㪉㪅㪏 㪈㪅㪊㪌㪐 㪊㪅㪈 㪈㪅㪍 㪉㪇㪈 㪉㪅㪎 㪈㪅㪍㪈㪊 㪈㪅㪎 㪈㪅㪈㪉㪇 㪉㪅㪊 㪈㪅㪏㪈㪉 㪉㪅㪋 㪈㪅㪏
ዅ㊀ႎ㈽㩷
㪋 㪋㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪍㪌㪐 㪌㪅㪉 㪉㪅㪇 㪉㪇㪋 㪋㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪉㪈㪊 㪋㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪊㪉㪇 㪋㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪈㪈㪉 㪋㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪍䊊䊤䉴䊜䊮䊃㪋 㪇㪅㪏 㪈㪅㪇㪌㪎 㪈㪅㪇 㪈㪅㪌 㪉㪇㪇 㪇㪅㪏 㪈㪅㪊㪈㪊 㪈㪅㪇 㪈㪅㪊㪉㪇 㪇㪅㪏 㪈㪅㪌㪈㪉 㪇㪅㪋 㪇㪅㪏਄ม䈱䊥䊷䉻䊷䉲䉾䊒㩷㪋 㪎㪅㪇 㪌㪅㪇㪍㪇 㪎㪅㪈 㪊㪅㪌 㪉㪇㪊 㪍㪅㪈 㪊㪅㪍㪈㪊 㪌㪅㪎 㪊㪅㪈㪉㪇 㪌㪅㪐 㪊㪅㪉㪈㪉 㪍㪅㪇 㪊㪅㪎਄ม䈱౏ᱜ䈭ᘒᐲ㪋 㪋㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪏㪍㪇 㪋㪅㪍 㪉㪅㪉 㪉㪇㪋 㪋㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪊㪈㪊 㪊㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪎㪉㪇 㪋㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪈㪈㪈 㪌㪅㪇 㪉㪅㪍䈾䉄䈩䉅䉌䈋䉎⡯႐㪋 㪋㪅㪇 㪈㪅㪏㪍㪇 㪋㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪉 㪉㪇㪋 㪋㪅㪋 㪉㪅㪌㪈㪊 㪊㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪐㪉㪇 㪋㪅㪋 㪉㪅㪊㪈㪈 㪋㪅㪎 㪈㪅㪍ᄬᢌ䉕⹺䉄䉎⡯႐㪋 㪊㪅㪊 㪇㪅㪌㪍㪇 㪉㪅㪐 㪈㪅㪍 㪉㪇㪋 㪉㪅㪍 㪈㪅㪋㪈㪊 㪉㪅㪌 㪈㪅㪋㪉㪇 㪉㪅㪐 㪈㪅㪎㪈㪉 㪉㪅㪐 㪈㪅㪍䉫䊦䊷䊒䈱᦭⢻ᗵ㪋 㪋㪅㪌 㪊㪅㪇㪍㪇 㪋㪅㪐 㪉㪅㪋 㪉㪇㪉 㪋㪅㪋 㪉㪅㪉㪈㪊 㪋㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪎㪉㪇 㪊㪅㪐 㪉㪅㪋㪈㪉 㪋㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪈⡯䈱ਇ቟ቯᕈ㩿቟ቯႎ㈽㪀㩷
㪋 㪋㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪍㪍㪇 㪋㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪈 㪉㪇㪈 㪋㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪈㪈㪉 㪋㪅㪌 㪈㪅㪎㪉㪇 㪋㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪍㪈㪉 㪋㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪋⚻༡ጀ䈫䈱ା㗬㑐ଥ㩷㪋 㪎㪅㪇 㪊㪅㪋㪍㪇 㪎㪅㪇 㪊㪅㪌 㪉㪇㪈 㪎㪅㪉 㪊㪅㪋㪈㪊 㪍㪅㪌 㪋㪅㪊㪉㪇 㪎㪅㪈 㪊㪅㪉㪈㪉 㪍㪅㪊 㪋㪅㪈ᄌൻ䈻䈱ኻᔕ㪋 㪋㪅㪏 㪈㪅㪊㪍㪇 㪋㪅㪐 㪉㪅㪊 㪉㪇㪉 㪋㪅㪉 㪉㪅㪇㪈㪊 㪊㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪊㪉㪇 㪋㪅㪉 㪈㪅㪐㪈㪉 㪋㪅㪉 㪉㪅㪏ᚻ⛯䈐䈱౏ᱜᕈ㩷㪋 㪌㪅㪊 㪈㪅㪊㪍㪇 㪌㪅㪏 㪊㪅㪇 㪉㪇㪈 㪌㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪎㪈㪊 㪋㪅㪏 㪊㪅㪍㪉㪇 㪋㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪍㪈㪉 㪋㪅㪎 㪊㪅㪈୘ੱ䈱ዅ㊀㩷㪋 㪍㪅㪇 㪉㪅㪋㪍㪇 㪌㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪏 㪉㪇㪋 㪌㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪎㪈㪊 㪌㪅㪇 㪊㪅㪋㪉㪇 㪋㪅㪍 㪉㪅㪎㪈㪈 㪌㪅㪋 㪊㪅㪋౏ᱜ䈭ੱ੐⹏ଔ㩷㪋 㪏㪅㪇 㪉㪅㪉㪍㪇 㪍㪅㪐 㪊㪅㪍 㪉㪇㪉 㪍㪅㪈 㪊㪅㪋㪈㪊 㪍㪅㪉 㪋㪅㪇㪉㪇 㪌㪅㪐 㪊㪅㪌㪈㪈 㪍㪅㪇 㪊㪅㪐ᄙ᭽䈭ഭ௛⠪䈻䈱ኻᔕ㪋 㪋㪅㪏 㪊㪅㪈㪍㪇 㪌㪅㪈 㪉㪅㪈 㪉㪇㪊 㪋㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪈㪈㪊 㪋㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪌㪉㪇 㪋㪅㪍 㪉㪅㪋㪈㪉 㪌㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪈䉨䊞䊥䉝ᒻᚑ㩷㪋 㪌㪅㪇 㪉㪅㪏㪍㪇 㪎㪅㪇 㪋㪅㪇 㪉㪇㪉 㪌㪅㪍 㪊㪅㪍㪈㪊 㪋㪅㪌 㪊㪅㪍㪉㪇 㪌㪅㪋 㪊㪅㪇㪈㪉 㪌㪅㪊 㪋㪅㪎䊪䊷䉪䊶䉶䊦䊐䊶䊋䊤䊮䉴㪋 㪍㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪉㪍㪇 㪌㪅㪈 㪉㪅㪐 㪉㪇㪊 㪋㪅㪇 㪊㪅㪇㪈㪊 㪋㪅㪏 㪋㪅㪇㪉㪇 㪌㪅㪊 㪊㪅㪍㪈㪉 㪋㪅㪐 㪉㪅㪐㩷㩿઀੐㸢ኅᐸ䋺䊈䉧䊁䉞䊑㪀䊪䊷䉪䊶䉶䊦䊐䊶䊋䊤䊮䉴㪋 㪌㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪋㪍㪇 㪍㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪏 㪉㪇㪋 㪌㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪎㪈㪊 㪌㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪎㪉㪇 㪌㪅㪊 㪉㪅㪌㪈㪉 㪍㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪐㩷㩿઀੐㸢ኅᐸ䋺䊘䉳䊁䉞䊑㪀ⷙቯ䈘䉏䈢⡯ോ䈱ㆀⴕ㪋 㪌㪅㪌 㪈㪅㪊㪍㪇 㪍㪅㪇 㪈㪅㪋 㪉㪇㪊 㪌㪅㪐 㪈㪅㪍㪈㪊 㪋㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪍㪉㪇 㪌㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪊㪈㪉 㪌㪅㪈 㪈㪅㪎ഃㅧᕈ䈱⊒ើ㪋 㪌㪅㪌 㪇㪅㪍㪌㪏 㪌㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪈 㪉㪇㪉 㪌㪅㪇 㪉㪅㪈㪈㪊 㪋㪅㪉 㪉㪅㪏㪉㪇 㪋㪅㪍 㪈㪅㪎㪈㪉 㪋㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪈Ⓧᭂ⊛䈭ቇ⠌
㪋 㪍㪅㪇 㪋㪅㪇㪌㪐 㪎㪅㪉 㪉㪅㪏 㪉㪇㪊 㪌㪅㪏 㪊㪅㪈㪈㪊 㪌㪅㪉 㪊㪅㪐㪉㪇 㪋㪅㪎 㪊㪅㪊㪈㪉 㪍㪅㪇 㪉㪅㪋䊪䊷䉪䊶䉣䊮䉭䉟䉳䊜䊮䊃㪋 㪈㪇㪅㪊 㪌㪅㪌㪍㪇 㪈㪊㪅㪊 㪍㪅㪋 㪉㪇㪉 㪈㪈㪅㪋 㪍㪅㪉㪈㪊 㪈㪇㪅㪎 㪍㪅㪊㪉㪇 㪈㪇㪅㪍 㪍㪅㪏㪈㪉 㪈㪇㪅㪐 㪎㪅㪎਄ม䈱ᡰេ㪋 㪋㪅㪏 㪊㪅㪊㪍㪇 㪋㪅㪉 㪉㪅㪈 㪉㪇㪊 㪋㪅㪉 㪉㪅㪋㪈㪈 㪊㪅㪐 㪈㪅㪏㪉㪇 㪋㪅㪈 㪈㪅㪐㪈㪈 㪊㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪌ห௥䈱ᡰេ㪋 㪋㪅㪌 㪈㪅㪊㪍㪇 㪋㪅㪏 㪉㪅㪉 㪉㪇㪊 㪋㪅㪐 㪉㪅㪊㪈㪊 㪋㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪇㪉㪇 㪌㪅㪉 㪉㪅㪉㪈㪈 㪋㪅㪍 㪉㪅㪌㪁㪑㩷㫇㪓㪅㪇㪌㪃㩷㪁㪁㪑㩷㫇㪓㪅㪇㪈㪃㩷㪁㪁㪁㪑㩷㫇㪓㪅㪇㪇㪈㪅


















−  −

ಽᢔ
ಽᨆ
㪁
㪁㪁㪁
㪁

㪁㪁㪁
㪁㪁

㪁




ᰴߦ࿃ሶಽᨆࠍⴕ޿ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞ ߪ╙࿃ሶ‫╙ޔ‬࿃ሶ‫╙ޔ‬࿃ሶᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩㅊടዤᐲߩ࿃ሶ᭴ㅧࠍ⏕⹺ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߦಽ߆ࠇߚ‫╙ޕ‬࿃ሶߪࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩ᦭⢻ᗵ‫ޔ‬࿃ሶ᛽಴ߪਥᚑಽಽᨆࠍⴕ޿-CKUGTߩᱜⷙ╙࿃ሶߪ⚻ᷣ࡮࿾૏ႎ㈽‫ޔ‬ዅ㊀ႎ㈽‫╙ޔ‬ൻࠍ઻߁ࡃ࡝ࡑ࠶ࠢࠬᴺߦࠃࠆ࿁ォࠍⴕߞ࿃ሶߪࡂ࡜ࠬࡔࡦ࠻‫╙ޔ‬࿃ሶߪ⡯ߩਇ቟ߚ‫ޕ‬ቯᕈ ቟ቯႎ㈽ ‫╙ޔ‬࿃ሶߪᄬᢌࠍ⹺߼ࠆ

ዤᐲ᭴ᚑ㗄⋡ߩ࿃ሶಽᨆߩ⚿ᨐࠍ⴫‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬⴫ߦ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ฦ࿃ሶߩ⽶⩄㊂߇㜞޿ਥ⚵❱ߦ㑐ߔࠆ㗄⋡ߩ࿃ሶಽᨆߩ⚿ᨐࠍ⴫ߥ㗄⋡ࠍ⷗ࠆߣ‫╙ޔ‬࿃ሶߪ⡯႐߿⚵❱ߦߦ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬㑐ߔࠆ㗄⋡‫╙ޔ‬࿃ሶߪᚑ㐳ᯏળ‫ޔ‬ᣂᄸᕈ‫ޔ‬╙࿃ሶߪਥߦ⚻༡ጀߣߩା㗬㑐ଥ‫╙ޔ‬Ⓧᭂ⊛ߥቇ⠌‫ޔ࠻ࡦࡔࠫࠗࠥࡦࠛ࡮ࠢ࡯ࡢޔ‬࿃ሶߪࠠࡖ࡝ࠕᒻᚑ‫╙ޔ‬࿃ሶߪᄌൻ߳ߩ

╙࿃ሶߪ⡯႐ߩ৻૕ᗵ㧔࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞࡮

ኻᔕ‫╙ޔ‬࿃ሶߪᄙ᭽ߥഭ௛⠪߳ߩኻᔕߢ

ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞㧕ߣࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩ᦭⢻ᗵ‫╙ޔ‬࿃޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᚻ⛯߈ߩ౏ᱜᕈߪ╙࿃ሶ‫╙ޔ‬࿃ሶߪ઀੐ߩᗧ⟵‫઀ޔ‬੐ߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞‫ޔ‬ᓎሶ‫╙ޔ‬࿃ሶߦ߿߿㜞޿࿃ሶ⽶⩄㊂ࠍ␜ߒഀ᣿⏕ߐ‫੍ޔ‬᷹น⢻ᕈ‫ⷙޔ‬ቯߐࠇߚ⡯ോߩߚ‫ޕ‬୘ੱߩዅ㊀ߪ߶߷╙࿃ሶߛ߇‫ޟޔ‬ભㆀⴕ‫ޔ‬ഃㅧᕈߩ⊒ើ‫╙ޔ‬࿃ሶߪᬺോ⽶ᜂ‫ޔ‬ᥜࠍขࠅ߿ߔ޿‫ߩޠ‬㗄⋡ߪ╙࿃ሶߢ޽ߞ

ᖱ✜⊛⽶ᜂ‫ޔ‬ᓎഀ⪾⮮‫࡮ࡈ࡞࠮࡮ࠢ࡯ࡢޔ‬ߚ‫౏ޕ‬ᱜߥੱ੐⹏ଔߪਥߦ╙࿃ሶߛ߇‫ޔ‬ࡃ࡜ࡦࠬߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬╙࿃ሶ‫╙ޔ‬࿃ሶߦ߽߿߿㜞޿࿃ሶ⽶⩄㊂઀੐ߦ㑐ߔࠆ㗄⋡ߩ࿃ሶಽᨆߩ⚿ᨐࠍ⴫ࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߦ␜ߒߚ‫╙ޕ‬࿃ሶߪᓎഀ᣿⏕ߐ‫╙ޔ‬࿃ࡢ࡯ࠢ࡮࠮࡞ࡈ࡮ࡃ࡜ࡦࠬߦ㑐ߔࠆ㗄⋡

ሶߪᬺോ⽶ᜂ‫╙ޔ‬࿃ሶߪ઀੐ߩࠦࡦ࠻

ߩ࿃ሶಽᨆߩ⚿ᨐࠍ⴫ߦ␜ߒߚ‫╙ޕ‬࿃ሶࡠ࡯࡞‫╙ޔ‬࿃ሶߪᣂᄸᕈ‫╙ޔ‬࿃ሶߪᖱ✜ߩࡢ࡯ࠢ࡮࠮࡞ࡈ࡮ࡃ࡜ࡦࠬ ઀੐ψኅ⊛⽶ᜂ‫╙ޔ‬࿃ሶߪ઀੐ߩᗧ⟵‫╙ޔ‬࿃ሶߪᐸ㧦ࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉ ߣ╙࿃ሶࡢ࡯ࠢ࡮࠮࡞

ᚑ㐳ߩᯏળ‫╙ޔ‬࿃ሶߪ੍᷹น⢻ᕈ‫╙ޔ‬࿃ࡈ࡮ࡃ࡜ࡦࠬ ઀੐ψኅᐸ㧦ࡐࠫ࠹ࠖࡉ

ሶߪᓎഀ⪾⮮ߣฦ࿃ሶߣฦዤᐲߣߩኻᔕ߇

ߩ࿃ሶߦಽ߆ࠇߚ‫ޕ‬⏕⹺ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬઀੐ߩ⁁ᴫ࡮ᚑᨐߦ㑐ߔࠆ㗄⋡ߩ࿃ሶಽ⡯႐ߦ㑐ߔࠆ㗄⋡ߩ࿃ሶಽᨆߩ⚿ᨐࠍ⴫ᨆߩ⚿ᨐࠍ⴫ߦ␜ߒߚ‫╙ޕ‬࿃ሶߪࡢ࡯

ߦ␜ߒߚ‫╙ޕ‬࿃ሶߪ਄มߩ࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ࠶

ࠢ࡮ࠛࡦࠥࠗࠫࡔࡦ࠻‫╙ޔ‬࿃ሶߪⓍᭂ⊛ࡊ‫ޔ‬਄มߩ౏ᱜߥᘒᐲ‫ࠆ߃ࠄ߽ߡ߼߶ޔ‬⡯ߥቇ⠌‫╙ޔ‬࿃ሶߪഃㅧᕈߩ⊒ើ‫╙ޔ‬࿃ሶ႐ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬⡯႐ߩ৻૕ᗵ ࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞࡮

ߪⷙቯߐࠇߚ⡯ോߩㆀⴕߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬











−  −

⴫㪌㪄㪈䇭ዤᐲ᭴ᚑ㗄⋡䈱࿃ሶಽᨆ
㪨㪇㪇㪈
㪨㪇㪇㪉
㪨㪇㪇㪊
㪨㪇㪇㪋
㪨㪇㪇㪌
㪨㪇㪇㪍
㪨㪇㪇㪎
㪨㪇㪇㪏
㪨㪇㪇㪐
㪨㪇㪈㪇
㪨㪇㪈㪈
㪨㪇㪈㪉
㪨㪇㪈㪊
㪨㪇㪈㪋
㪨㪇㪈㪌
㪨㪇㪈㪍
㪨㪇㪈㪎
㪨㪇㪈㪏
㪨㪇㪈㪐
㪨㪇㪉㪇
㪨㪇㪉㪈
㪨㪇㪉㪉
㪨㪇㪉㪊
㪨㪇㪉㪋
㪨㪇㪉㪌
㪨㪇㪉㪍
㪨㪇㪉㪎
㪨㪇㪉㪏
㪨㪇㪉㪐
㪨㪇㪊㪇
㪨㪇㪊㪈
㪨㪇㪊㪉
㪨㪇㪊㪊
㪨㪇㪋㪇
㪨㪇㪋㪈
㪨㪇㪋㪉
㪨㪇㪋㪊
㪨㪇㪋㪋
㪨㪇㪋㪌
㪨㪇㪋㪍
㪨㪇㪋㪎
㪨㪇㪋㪏
㪨㪇㪋㪐
㪨㪇㪌㪇
㪨㪇㪌㪈
㪨㪇㪌㪉
㪨㪇㪌㪊
㪨㪇㪌㪋
㪨㪇㪌㪌
㪨㪇㪌㪍
㪨㪇㪌㪎
㪨㪇㪌㪏
㪨㪇㪌㪐
㪨㪇㪍㪇
㪨㪇㪍㪈
㪨㪇㪍㪉
㪨㪇㪍㪊
㪨㪇㪍㪋
㪨㪇㪍㪌
㪨㪇㪍㪍
㪨㪇㪍㪎
㪨㪇㪍㪏
㪨㪇㪍㪐
㪨㪇㪎㪇
㪨㪇㪎㪈
㪨㪇㪎㪉
㪨㪇㪎㪊

⥄ಽ䈱઀੐䈲ᗧ๧䈱䈅䉎䉅䈱䈣⥄ಽ䈱઀੐䈲㊀ⷐ䈣䈫ᕁ䈉௛䈐䈏䈇䈱䈅䉎઀੐䈣㕖Ᏹ䈮䈢䈒䈘䉖䈱઀੐䉕䈚䈭䈔䉏䈳䈭䉌䈭䈇ᤨ㑆ౝ䈮઀੐䈏ಣℂ䈚䈐䉏䈭䈇৻↢ ๮௛䈎䈭䈔䉏䈳䈭䉌䈭䈇⥄ಽ䈱ഭ௛ᤨ㑆䈲㐳䈇⥄ಽ䈱⡯႐䈲䈇䈧䉅ੱᚻਇ⿷䈣઀੐䈱਄䈪䇮᳇ᜬ䈤䉇ᗵᖱ䈏䈎䈐ੂ䈘䉏䉎䈖䈫䈏䈅䉎ᗵᖱ㕙䈪⽶ᜂ䈮䈭䉎઀੐䈣ᗵᖱ⊛䈮Ꮞ䈐ㄟ䉁䉏䉇䈜䈇઀੐䈣⥄ಽ䈱䊕䊷䉴䈪઀੐䈏䈪䈐䉎⥄ಽ䈪઀੐䈱㗅⇟䊶䉇䉍ᣇ䉕᳿䉄䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉎⡯႐䈱઀੐䈱ᣇ㊎䈮⥄ಽ䈱ᗧ⷗䉕෻ᤋ䈪䈐䉎䈬䈱䈒䉌䈇ᱷᬺ䉇ભᣣ಴ൕ䈜䉎䈎⥄ಽ䈪᳿䉄䉌䉏䉎਄ม䈎䉌઀੐䉕䉁䈎䈞䈩䉅䉌䈋䉎⥄ಽ䈏ᱜ䈚䈇䈫ᕁ䈉䈱䈫䈲㆑䈦䈢䉇䉍ᣇ䈪઀੐䉕䈚䈭䈔䉏䈳䈭䉌䈭䈇ⶄᢙ䈱ੱ䈎䉌䈍੕䈇䈮⍦⋫䈚䈢䈖䈫䉕ⷐ᳞䈘䉏䉎චಽ䈭ੱ䉇䊝䊉䈏䈭䈇䉁䉁઀੐䉕ഀ䉍ᒰ䈩䉌䉏䉎⥄ಽ䈱⡯ോ䉇⽿છ䈏૗䈪䈅䉎䈎ಽ䈎䈦䈩䈇䉎⥄ಽ䈱ㇱ⟑䈱⋡ᮡ䉇⋡⊛䈏ಽ䈎䈦䈩䈇䉎⥄ಽ䈮䈬䉏䈒䉌䈇ᮭ㒢䈏䈅䉎䈱䈎䈲䈦䈐䉍䈚䈩䈇䉎⥄ಽ䈱઀੐䈪૗䉕䈜䉎䈼䈐䈎䈮䈧䈇䈩⺑᣿䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎⡯႐䈱઀੐ో૕䈱ਛ䈪⥄ಽ䈱઀੐䈱૏⟎䈨䈔䉕ℂ⸃䈪䈐䈩䈇䉎઀੐䈪ᣂ䈚䈇䈖䈫䉕ቇ䈹ᯏળ䈏䈅䉎઀੐䈪⥄ಽ䈱㐳ᚲ䉕䈱䈳䈜ᯏળ䈏䈅䉎⡯႐䈪䈲䇮⥄ಽ䈱ᛛ⢻䉕චಽ䈮㜞䉄䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉎䈖䉏䉁䈪䈚䈢䈖䈫䈱䈭䈇⒳㘃䈱઀੐䉕䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏ᄙ䈇Ფ࿁䇮ᣂ䈚䈇ᛛⴚ䉇⍮⼂䉕ᔅⷐ䈫䈜䉎઀੐䈪䈅䉎઀੐䈱਄䈪䇮એ೨䈮⚻㛎䈚䈢䈖䈫䈱䈭䈇䈖䈫䈮಴ળ䈉䈇䈧䈗䉐䇮⥄ಽ䈱઀੐㊂䈏Ⴧ䈋䉎䈎ಽ䈎䈦䈩䈇䉎䈇䈧䈗䉐䇮⥄ಽ䈱઀੐䈏৻Ბ⪭䈜䉎䈎⷗ㅢ䈚䈏䈧䈇䈩䈇䉎䈇䈧䈗䉐䇮઀੐਄䈪䊃䊤䊑䊦䈏↢䈛䉎䈎੍ᗐ䈪䈐䉎⑳䈢䈤䈱⡯႐䈪䈲䇮䈫䉅䈮௛䈖䈉䈫䈇䈉ᆫ൓䈏䈅䉎⑳䈢䈤䈱⡯႐䈪䈲䇮䈍੕䈇䈮ℂ⸃䈚⹺䉄ว䈦䈩䈇䉎
⑳䈢䈤䈱⡯႐䈪䈲䇮઀੐䈮㑐ㅪ䈚䈢ᖱႎ䈱౒᦭䈏䈪䈐䈩䈇䉎⑳䈢䈤䈱⡯႐䈪䈲䇮ഥ䈔ว䈍䈉䈫䈇䈉㔓࿐᳇䈏䈅䉎⑳䈢䈤䈱⡯႐䈪䈲䇮䈍੕䈇䈮ା㗬䈚ว䈦䈩䈇䉎╉䈇䉇╉㗻䈏䈅䉎⡯႐䈣
⑳↢ᵴ䉕฽䉄䈩䇮᳇ᜬ䈤䉇⁁ᴫ䉕⹤䈚ว䈋䉎⡯႐䈣䈍੕䈇䈮䈅䈇䈘䈧䉕䈚ว䈉⡯႐䈣⡯႐䈪䈲䇮䊜䊮䊋䊷䈱㑆䈪⋧੕ℂ⸃䈏䈅䉎⡯႐䈱䉂䉖䈭䈏䈍੕䈇䈮䇮䈉䉁䈒䉮䊚䊠䊆䉬䊷䉲䊢䊮䈪䈐䉎䉋䈉Ꮏᄦ䈏䈭䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎⡯႐䈱䊜䊮䊋䊷䈏ห䈛⋡ᮡ䉕౒᦭䈚䈩䈇䉎੹䈱⡯႐䈲ઁ⠪䉕㈩ᘦ䈜䉎㩿ห௥䈮᳇䉕㈩䉎㪀㘑࿯䈏䈅䉎઀੐䈱䉇䉍ᣇ䉇ㅴ䉄ᣇ䈮䈧䈇䈩Ꮏᄦ䉕䈖䉌䈞䉎⡯႐䈣৻ੱ䈵䈫䉍䈱ഃᗧᎿᄦ䇮ឭ᩺䈭䈬䈏ข䉍౉䉏䉌䉏䉇䈜䈇⡯႐䈣⥄ಽ䈱઀੐䈮⷗ว䈉⛎ᢱ䉇䊗䊷䊅䉴䉕䉅䉌䈦䈩䈇䉎⥄ಽ䈱⢻ജ䉇⚻㛎䈮⷗ว䈦䈢࿾૏䊶⡯ോ䈮ዞ䈇䈩䈇䉎
⑳䈲਄ม䈎䉌䈸䈘䉒䈚䈇⹏ଔ䉕ฃ䈔䈩䈇䉎
⑳䈲઀੐਄䈸䈘䉒䈚䈇⹏ଔ䈫ੱᦸ䉕ฃ䈔䈩䈇䉎ห௥䈎䉌䇮⥄ಽ䈱઀੐਄䈱䈸䈘䉒䈚䈇ᛒ䈇䉕ฃ䈔䈩䈇䉎⡯႐䈪⥄ಽ䈏䈇䈛䉄䈮䈅䈦䈩䈇䉎㩷㩿䉶䉪䊊䊤䇮䊌䊪䊊䊤䉕฽䉃䋩⡯႐䈪䈇䈛䉄䉌䉏䈩䈇䉎ੱ䈏䈇䉎㩷㩿䉶䉪䊊䊤䇮䊌䊪䊊䊤䉕฽䉃䋩਄ม䈲䇮઀੐䈮ᖱᾲ䉕䉅䈩䉎䉋䈉䈮䈚䈩䈒䉏䉎઀੐䈱಴᧪䈳䈋䈮䈧䈇䈩䇮਄ม䈎䉌䊐䉞䊷䊄䊋䉾䉪䉕䉅䉌䈦䈩䈇䉎਄ม䈲䇮ㇱਅ䈏⢻ജ䉕િ䈳䈜ᯏળ䉕ᜬ䈩䉎䉋䈉䈮䇮ข䉍⸘䉌䈦䈩䈒䉏䉎਄ม䈲䇮⑳䈏⥄ಽ䈪໧㗴⸃᳿䈪䈐䉎䉋䈉䈮ബ䉁䈚䈩䈒䉏䉎ㇱਅ䉕⢒䈩䉎䈖䈫䈏਄ᚻ䈭਄ม䈏⹏ଔ䈘䉏䉎⚵❱䈣਄ม䈲⁛䉍䉋䈏䉍䈭䉅䈱䈱⷗ᣇ䉕䈚䈭䈇䉋䈉䈮䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉎਄ม䈲ⷫಾᔃ䈫ᕁ䈇䉇䉍䉕䉅䈦䈩ធ䈚䈩䈒䉏䉎਄ม䈲⺈ታ䈭ᘒᐲ䈪ኻᔕ䈚䈩䈒䉏䉎઀੐䉕䈐䈤䉖䈫䈜䉏䈳䇮䈾䉄䈩䉅䉌䈋䉎ദജ䈚䈩઀੐䉕䈜䉏䈳䇮䈾䉄䈩䉅䉌䈋䉎䈅䈢䉍䉁䈋䈱䈖䈫䈪䉅䇮䈪䈐䈢䉌䈾䉄䈩䉅䉌䈋䉎䊏䊮䉼䉕䉼䊞䊮䉴䈮ᄌ䈋䉌䉏䉎⡯႐䈣ᄬᢌ䈚䈩䉅ᝊ࿁㩿䈳䉖䈎䈇㪀䈜䉎䉼䊞䊮䉴䈏䈅䉎⡯႐䈣−  −╙㪈࿃ሶ ╙㪉࿃ሶ ╙㪊࿃ሶ ╙㪋࿃ሶ ╙㪌࿃ሶ
㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪇㪅㪊㪏
㪇㪅㪉㪎
㪇㪅㪋㪇
㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪊㪍
㪇㪅㪉㪏
㪇㪅㪋㪎
㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪉㪎
㪇㪅㪌㪇
㪇㪅㪉㪎
㪇㪅㪊㪉
㪇㪅㪇㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪉㪐
㪇㪅㪍㪇
㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪇㪅㪎㪉
㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪉㪋
㪇㪅㪌㪍
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪇㪅㪍㪎
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪈
㪇㪅㪇㪊
㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪍㪊
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪍㪉
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪐
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪍㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪍㪊
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪄㪇㪅㪋㪍
㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪈㪐
㪇㪅㪇㪇
㪇㪅㪋㪉
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪉
㪇㪅㪊㪇
㪇㪅㪊㪇
㪇㪅㪈㪌
㪇㪅㪋㪏
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪇㪊
㪇㪅㪊㪐
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪇㪅㪍㪌
㪇㪅㪇㪇
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪊㪐
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪊
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪊
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪌
㪇㪅㪋㪐
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪊
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪌㪍
㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪍㪏
㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪇㪅㪈㪐
㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪇㪅㪍㪊
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪇㪅㪌㪍
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪇㪅㪉㪍
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪇㪅㪋㪌
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪈
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪇㪅㪍㪌
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪇㪅㪉㪍
㪇㪅㪋㪋
㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪇㪅㪋㪈
㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪇㪅㪊㪈
㪇㪅㪌㪐
㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪊㪌
㪇㪅㪇㪈
㪇㪅㪊㪊
㪇㪅㪌㪌
㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪊㪍
㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪊㪋
㪇㪅㪇㪈
㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪇㪅㪊㪇
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪋㪉
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪈
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪊㪌
㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪊㪍
㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪇㪅㪉㪊
㪇㪅㪊㪋
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪋㪉
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪇㪅㪋㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪈
㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪉㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪊
㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪊㪎
㪇㪅㪈㪐
㪇㪅㪍㪎
㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪇㪅㪊㪎
㪇㪅㪉㪉
㪇㪅㪍㪎
㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪊㪎
㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪇㪅㪌㪏
㪇㪅㪈㪐
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪇㪅㪊㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪐
㪇㪅㪎㪊
㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪊㪍
㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪇㪅㪎㪈
㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪇㪅㪉㪎
㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪇㪅㪍㪊
㪇㪅㪈㪐
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪊㪉
㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪇㪅㪌㪐
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪈
㪇㪅㪌㪎
㪇㪅㪉㪎
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪇㪅㪊㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪌
㪇㪅㪍㪐
㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪇㪅㪊㪎
㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪇㪅㪍㪊
㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪇㪅㪋㪇
㪇㪅㪉㪉
㪇㪅㪋㪐
㪇㪅㪉㪊
㪇㪅㪇㪈
㪇㪅㪊㪏
㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪌㪐
㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪊㪏
㪇㪅㪊㪉
㪇㪅㪊㪎
㪇㪅㪉㪐
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪊
㪇㪅㪋㪎
㪇㪅㪉㪐
㪇㪅㪊㪍
㪇㪅㪉㪎
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪇㪅㪌㪍
㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪌㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪉㪎
㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪍㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪊㪈
㪇㪅㪉㪊
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪇㪅㪌㪍
㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪇㪅㪊㪉
㪇㪅㪉㪏
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪋㪊
㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪋㪌
㪇㪅㪊㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪍
㪄㪇㪅㪊㪍
㪇㪅㪉㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪏
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪎
㪇㪅㪉㪌
㪇㪅㪍㪌
㪇㪅㪉㪏
㪇㪅㪉㪐
㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪍㪊
㪇㪅㪉㪈
㪇㪅㪉㪌
㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪇㪅㪍㪐
㪇㪅㪉㪈
㪇㪅㪉㪍
㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪇㪊
㪇㪅㪍㪏
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪉㪏
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪍㪌
㪇㪅㪉㪉
㪇㪅㪉㪋
㪇㪅㪇㪊
㪇㪅㪇㪊
㪇㪅㪍㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪇㪅㪉㪍
㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪇㪅㪍㪉
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪊㪋
㪇㪅㪉㪍
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪊
㪇㪅㪍㪇
㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪇㪅㪊㪍
㪇㪅㪉㪏
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪇㪅㪍㪊
㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪉㪏
㪇㪅㪉㪐
㪇㪅㪇㪇
㪇㪅㪍㪉
㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪇㪅㪉㪐
㪇㪅㪉㪍
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪌㪏
㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪉㪌
㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪇㪅㪍㪇
㪇㪅㪊㪐
㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪌㪏
㪇㪅㪉㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪇㪅㪉㪊
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪏 ⴫㪌㪄㪉䇭ዤᐲ᭴ᚑ㗄⋡䈱࿃ሶಽᨆ
㪨㪇㪎㪋
㪨㪇㪎㪌
㪨㪇㪎㪍
㪨㪇㪎㪎
㪨㪇㪎㪏
㪨㪇㪎㪐
㪨㪇㪏㪇
㪨㪇㪏㪈
㪨㪇㪏㪉
㪨㪇㪏㪊
㪨㪇㪏㪋
㪨㪇㪏㪌
㪨㪇㪏㪍
㪨㪇㪏㪎
㪨㪇㪏㪏
㪨㪇㪏㪐
㪨㪇㪐㪇
㪨㪇㪐㪈
㪨㪇㪐㪉
㪨㪇㪐㪊
㪨㪇㪐㪋
㪨㪇㪐㪌
㪨㪇㪐㪍
㪨㪇㪐㪎
㪨㪇㪐㪏
㪨㪇㪐㪐
㪨㪈㪇㪇
㪨㪈㪇㪈
㪨㪈㪇㪉
㪨㪈㪇㪊
㪨㪈㪇㪋
㪨㪈㪇㪌
㪨㪈㪇㪍
㪨㪈㪇㪎
㪨㪈㪇㪏
㪨㪈㪇㪐
㪨㪈㪈㪇
㪨㪈㪈㪈
㪨㪈㪈㪉
㪨㪈㪈㪊
㪨㪈㪈㪋
㪨㪈㪈㪌
㪨㪈㪈㪍
㪨㪈㪈㪎
㪨㪈㪈㪏
㪨㪈㪈㪐
㪨㪈㪉㪇
㪨㪈㪉㪈
㪨㪈㪉㪉
㪨㪈㪉㪊
㪨㪈㪉㪋
㪨㪈㪉㪌
㪨㪈㪉㪍
㪨㪈㪉㪎
㪨㪈㪉㪏
㪨㪈㪉㪐
㪨㪈㪊㪇
㪨㪈㪊㪈
㪨㪈㪊㪉
㪨㪈㪊㪊
㪨㪈㪊㪋
㪨㪈㪊㪌

⥄ಽ䈱䉫䊦䊷䊒䈲઀੐䈱ㆀⴕ⢻ജ䈏䈫䈩䉅㜞䈇䇮䈫䈇䈉⥄ା䈏䈅䉎⥄ಽ䈱䉫䊦䊷䊒䈲ਇ᷹䈱੐ᘒ䉕䈉䉁䈒ಣℂ䈪䈐䉎䇮䈫䈇䈉⥄ା䈏䈅䉎⥄ಽ䈱䉫䊦䊷䊒䈲ో૕⊛䈮⷗䈩䇮⺖㗴䈱⸃᳿⢻ജ䈏㜞䈇ᄬ⡯䈱ᕟ䉏䈏䈅䉎
᣹ㅴ䈱⷗ㄟ䉂䈲ዋ䈭䈇⡯႐䈪䇮ᅢ䉁䈚䈒䈭䈇ᄌൻ䉕⚻㛎䈚䈩䈇䉎䇯䉅䈚䈒䈲੹ᓟ䈠䈉䈇䈉⁁ᴫ䈏⿠䈖䉍䈉䉎⚻༡ጀ䈲ᓥᬺຬ䈱઀੐䈹䉍䉕ା㗬䈚䈩䈇䉎⚻༡ጀ䈎䉌䈱ᖱႎ䈲ା㗬䈪䈐䉎⚻༡ጀ䈲ᓥᬺຬ䈎䉌䈱ឭ᩺䉕⌀೶䈮ข䉍ᛒ䈦䈩䈒䉏䉎⚻༡ጀ䈲ᓥᬺຬ䉕౏ᱜ䈮ᛒ䈦䈩䈒䉏䉎⚻༡ጀ䈲ᱜ⏕䈭ᖱႎ䈮ၮ䈨䈇䈩ᗧᕁ᳿ቯ䈚䈩䈇䉎⡯႐䉇઀੐䈪䈬䉖䈭ᄌൻ䈏䈅䉎䈎䇮਄ม䈮䈢䈝䈰䉎ᯏળ䈏䈅䉎⡯႐䉇઀੐䈪ᄌൻ䈏䈅䉎䈫䈐䈮䈲䇮ᓥᬺຬ䈱ᗧ⷗䈏⡞䈎䉏䈩䈇䉎⡯႐䉇઀੐䈱ᄌൻ䈏䈅䉎႐ว䇮੐೨䈮⺑᣿䈏䈅䉎ᗧᕁ᳿ቯ䈮䉋䈦䈩ᓇ㗀䉕ฃ䈔䉎ో䈩䈱㑐ଥ⠪䈏䇮ᗧᕁ᳿ቯ䈮ෳട䈚䈩䈇䉎ᗧᕁ᳿ቯ䈲৻⽾䈚䈩䈇䉎䋨ో䈩䈱ᓥᬺຬ䈮ኻ䈚ⷙೣ䈏ห᭽䈮ㆡ↪䈘䉏䉎䋩ᗧᕁ᳿ቯ䈏ⴕ䉒䉏䉎೨䈮䇮ᓇ㗀䉕ฃ䈔䉎ੱ䈢䈤䈱⠨䈋䈏⡞䈎䉏䈩䈇䉎⺋䈦䈢ᜰ␜䉇ᣇ㊎䈮䇮ᗧ⷗䉕⸒䈉䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉎৻ੱ৻ੱ䈱㐳ᚲ䉇ᓧᗧಽ㊁䉕⠨䈋䈩઀੐䈏ਈ䈋䉌䉏䈩䈇䉎৻ੱ৻ੱ䈱ଔ୯ⷰ䉕ᄢ੐䈮䈚䈩䈒䉏䉎⡯႐䈣ભᥜ䉕䈫䉍䉇䈜䈇
⥄ಽ䈮ว䈦䈢઀੐䉇⡯႐䉕␠ౝ䈪⷗䈧䈔䉎ᯏળ䈏䈅䉎䋨㊀ⷐ䈭઀੐䈪䉅ᣣᏱ⊛䈭઀੐䈪䉅䋩䈬䉖䈭઀੐䉅౏ᐔ䈮⹏ଔ䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎ੱ੐⹏ଔ䈱⚿ᨐ䈮䈧䈇䈩චಽ䈭⺑᣿䈏䈭䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎઀੐䈱ᣇ㊎䈫ᓎഀ䈮䈧䈇䈩⚊ᓧ䈪䈐䉎䉋䈉䈭⺑᣿䈏䈅䉎ੱ੐⹏ଔ䈱ၮḰ䈏᣿⏕䈮䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎ੱ੐⹏ଔ䈲䇮⡯႐䉇䉼䊷䊛ో૕䈱ᚑᨐ䉋䉍䉅୘ੱ䈱ᚑᨐ䈮䉋䉍ⴕ䉒䉏䈩䈇䉎ᅚᕈ䇮㜞㦂⠪䈅䉎䈇䈲㓚䈏䈇⠪䈏௛䈐䉇䈜䈇⡯႐䈣⧯䈇ੱ䈏௛䈐䉇䈜䈇⡯႐䈣⡯႐䈪䈲䇮䋨ᱜⷙ䇮㕖ᱜⷙ䇮䉝䊦䊋䉟䊃䈭䈬䋩䈇䉐䈇䉐䈭┙႐䈱ੱ䈏⡯႐䈱৻ຬ䈫䈚䈩ዅ㊀䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎ᗧ᰼䉕ᒁ䈐಴䈚䈢䉍䇮䉨䊞䊥䉝䈮ᓎ┙䈧ᢎ⢒䈏ⴕ䉒䉏䈩䈇䉎⧯䈇䈉䈤䈎䉌዁᧪䈱ㅴ〝䉕⠨䈋䈩ੱ੐▤ℂ䈏ⴕ䉒䉏䈩䈇䉎䉫䊦䊷䊒䉇୘ੱ䈗䈫䈮䇮ᢎ⢒䊶⸠✵䈱⋡ᮡ䈏᣿⏕䈮䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎⥄ಽ䈱⡯႐䈪䈲䇮⺕䈪䉅ᔅⷐ䈭䈫䈐䈮ᔅⷐ䈭ᢎ⢒䊶⸠✵䈏ฃ䈔䉌䉏䉎⥄ಽ䈱⡯႐䈪䈲䇮ᓥᬺຬ䉕⢒䈩䉎䈖䈫䈏ᄢಾ䈣䈫⠨䈋䉌䉏䈩䈇䉎઀੐䈱䈖䈫䉕⠨䈋䈩䈇䉎䈢䉄⥄ಽ䈱↢ᵴ䉕లታ䈘䈞䉌䉏䈭䈇઀੐䈱䈖䈫䉕⠨䈋䈩䈇䉎䈢䉄⥄ಽ䈱↢ᵴ䉕ᭉ䈚䉄䈭䈇઀੐䈱䉴䉬䉳䊠䊷䊦䈱䈢䉄䈮⥄ಽ䈱↢ᵴ䉕లታ䈘䈞䉌䉏䈭䈇䊒䊤䉟䊔䊷䊃䈭ᤨ㑆䉕ㆊ䈗䈚䈩䈇䉎䈫䈐䈪䉅઀੐䈱䈖䈫䉕⠨䈋䈩䈇䉎઀੐䉕⚳䈋䈢ᓟ䇮᳇ಽ⦟䈒ኅ䈮Ꮻ䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䇮䈠䉏䈲⥄ಽ䈱↢ᵴ䈮⦟䈇ᓇ㗀䉕ਈ䈋䈩䈇䉎઀੐䉕⚳䈋䈢ᓟ䇮⥄ಽ䈱↢ᵴ䉕ᭉ䈚䉄䉎઀੐䈪ቇ䉖䈣䈖䈫䉕ᵴ䈎䈚䈩⥄ಽ䈱↢ᵴ䉕లታ䈘䈞䈩䈇䉎઀੐䈪䉣䊈䊦䉩䊷䉕䉅䉌䈉䈖䈫䈪䇮⥄ಽ䈱↢ᵴ䈏䈘䉌䈮లታ䈚䈩䈇䉎੹᦬䈱⥄ಽ䈱઀੐䈱಴᧪䈲䇮ઁ䈱ੱ䈮䈒䉌䈼䈩⦟䈎䈦䈢䈫ᕁ䈉ᜰ␜䈘䉏䈢઀੐䉕䈐䈤䉖䈫䉇䉍䈫䈕䈩䈇䉎⥄ಽ䈮ᦼᓙ䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎઀੐䈲චಽ䈮䈖䈭䈚䈩䈇䉎઀੐䈪䈇䉐䈇䉐Ꮏᄦ䈚䈢䉍䇮䉝䉟䊂䉝䉕಴䈚䈩䈇䉎઀੐਄䈱໧㗴䈮ኻ䈚䈩ᣂ䈚䈇⸃᳿╷䉕⠨䈋䈩䈇䉎઀੐䈮䈧䈇䈩ᣂ䈚䈇䉇䉍ᣇ䉕ឭ᩺䈚䈩䈇䉎઀੐䈪ᣂ䈢䈭䈖䈫䉕ቇ䈼䈩䈇䉎઀੐䈪⥄ಽ䉕਄ᚻ䈮㜞䉄䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䈩䈇䉎ᣂ䈚䈇੐䉕䊙䉴䉺䊷䈜䉎䈖䈫䈪ೝỗ䉕ฃ䈔䈩䈇䉎ᣂ䈚䈇䈖䈫䉕⚻㛎䈚䈩ᚑ㐳䈚䈩䈇䉎઀੐䉕䈚䈩䈇䉎䈫䇮ᵴജ䈏䉂䈭䈑䉎䉋䈉䈮ᗵ䈛䉎⡯႐䈪䈲䇮ర᳇䈏಴䈩♖ജ⊛䈮䈭䉎䉋䈉䈮ᗵ䈛䉎઀੐䈮ᾲᔃ䈪䈅䉎
઀੐䈲䇮⥄ಽ䈮ᵴജ䉕ਈ䈋䈩䈒䉏䉎ᦺ䈮⋡䈏䈘䉄䉎䈫䇮䈘䈅઀੐䈻ⴕ䈖䈉䇮䈫䈇䈉᳇ᜬ䈤䈮䈭䉎઀੐䈮ᴚ㗡䈚䈩䈇䉎䈫䈐䇮ᐘ䈞䈣䈫ᗵ䈛䉎⥄ಽ䈱઀੐䈮⹶䉍䉕ᗵ䈛䉎઀੐䈮䈱䉄䉍ㄟ䉖䈪䈇䉎઀੐䉕䈚䈩䈇䉎䈫䇮䈧䈇ᄞਛ䈮䈭䈦䈩䈚䉁䈉






−  −╙㪈࿃ሶ ╙㪉࿃ሶ ╙㪊࿃ሶ ╙㪋࿃ሶ ╙㪌࿃ሶ
㪇㪅㪊㪇
㪇㪅㪊㪉
㪇㪅㪋㪇
㪇㪅㪊㪊
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪊㪈
㪇㪅㪊㪋
㪇㪅㪊㪍
㪇㪅㪊㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪇㪅㪊㪊
㪇㪅㪊㪎
㪇㪅㪋㪇
㪇㪅㪉㪏
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪌
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪌
㪇㪅㪉㪊
㪄㪇㪅㪊㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪄㪇㪅㪊㪇
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪇㪅㪊㪇
㪇㪅㪍㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪎㪈
㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪇㪅㪎㪊
㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪈㪌
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪇㪅㪎㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪌
㪇㪅㪎㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪇㪅㪍㪈
㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪉㪊
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪇㪅㪎㪇
㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪇㪅㪍㪍
㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪇㪅㪎㪋
㪇㪅㪉㪋
㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪇㪅㪇㪇
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪎㪇
㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪍㪏
㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪍㪉
㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪇㪅㪉㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪇㪅㪍㪏
㪇㪅㪊㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪎㪌
㪇㪅㪉㪎
㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪇㪅㪉㪐
㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪄㪇㪅㪊㪉
㪇㪅㪌㪐
㪇㪅㪊㪍
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪇㪅㪎㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪎㪍
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪇㪅㪇㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪇㪅㪎㪎
㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪇㪅㪎㪊
㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪇㪅㪌㪊
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪊
㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪋㪇
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪋㪏
㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪇㪅㪉㪏
㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪇㪅㪌㪇

㪇㪅㪇㪍

㪇㪅㪊㪉

㪇㪅㪈㪉

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪇

㪇㪅㪎㪈
㪇㪅㪍㪍
㪇㪅㪎㪉
㪇㪅㪎㪇
㪇㪅㪎㪉
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪇㪅㪇㪊

㪇㪅㪉㪌
㪇㪅㪉㪉
㪇㪅㪉㪉
㪇㪅㪉㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪇㪅㪇㪊
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪐

㪇㪅㪈㪌
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪇

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪏

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪇㪅㪇㪊
㪇㪅㪇㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪇㪅㪍㪏
㪇㪅㪍㪐
㪇㪅㪍㪐
㪇㪅㪌㪐

㪇㪅㪊㪇

㪇㪅㪊㪐

㪇㪅㪉㪎

㪇㪅㪈㪈

㪄㪇㪅㪋㪈

㪇㪅㪉㪈
㪇㪅㪊㪐
㪇㪅㪊㪏
㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪊
㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪇㪅㪊㪊
㪇㪅㪉㪐
㪇㪅㪉㪎
㪇㪅㪊㪇
㪇㪅㪊㪋
㪇㪅㪊㪐
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪉㪏
㪇㪅㪉㪐
㪇㪅㪉㪎
㪇㪅㪉㪍
㪇㪅㪉㪌
㪇㪅㪉㪇

㪇㪅㪉㪈
㪇㪅㪌㪎
㪇㪅㪍㪋
㪇㪅㪊㪌
㪇㪅㪉㪌
㪇㪅㪉㪎
㪇㪅㪋㪊
㪇㪅㪋㪐
㪇㪅㪌㪈
㪇㪅㪍㪉
㪇㪅㪍㪏
㪇㪅㪍㪐
㪇㪅㪍㪎
㪇㪅㪎㪈
㪇㪅㪍㪎
㪇㪅㪌㪌
㪇㪅㪎㪊
㪇㪅㪍㪋
㪇㪅㪍㪍
㪇㪅㪍㪊
㪇㪅㪍㪐
㪇㪅㪍㪎

㪇㪅㪈㪐
㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪇㪅㪉㪊
㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪇㪇
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪇㪅㪉㪌
㪇㪅㪉㪌
㪇㪅㪉㪊
㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪇㪅㪉㪌
㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪉㪈
㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪇㪏

㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪇㪊
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪋㪋
㪇㪅㪋㪐
㪇㪅㪌㪊
㪇㪅㪌㪍
㪇㪅㪌㪇
㪇㪅㪋㪍
㪇㪅㪉㪏
㪇㪅㪊㪊
㪇㪅㪉㪌
㪇㪅㪊㪇
㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪇㪅㪉㪎
㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪇㪅㪇㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪇㪅㪉㪏
㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪇㪅㪈㪈

㪄㪇㪅㪌㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪉
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪈
㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪇㪅㪇㪇
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪐
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪊
㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪇㪅㪇㪎 ⴫㪍䇭઀੐䈮㑐䈜䉎㗄⋡䈱࿃ሶಽᨆ㪨㪇㪇㪈 ⥄ಽ䈱઀੐䈲ᗧ๧䈱䈅䉎䉅䈱䈣㪨㪇㪇㪉 ⥄ಽ䈱઀੐䈲㊀ⷐ䈣䈫ᕁ䈉㪨㪇㪇㪊 ௛䈐䈏䈇䈱䈅䉎઀੐䈣㪨㪇㪇㪋 㕖Ᏹ䈮䈢䈒䈘䉖䈱઀੐䉕䈚䈭䈔䉏䈳䈭䉌䈭䈇㪨㪇㪇㪌 ᤨ㑆ౝ䈮઀੐䈏ಣℂ䈚䈐䉏䈭䈇㪨㪇㪇㪍 ৻↢ ๮௛䈎䈭䈔䉏䈳䈭䉌䈭䈇㪨㪇㪇㪎 ⥄ಽ䈱ഭ௛ᤨ㑆䈲㐳䈇㪨㪇㪇㪏 ⥄ಽ䈱⡯႐䈲䈇䈧䉅ੱᚻਇ⿷䈣઀੐䈱਄䈪䇮᳇ᜬ䈤䉇ᗵᖱ䈏䈎䈐ੂ䈘䉏䉎䈖
㪨㪇㪇㪐
䈫䈏䈅䉎
㪨㪇㪈㪇 ᗵᖱ㕙䈪⽶ᜂ䈮䈭䉎઀੐䈣㪨㪇㪈㪈 ᗵᖱ⊛䈮Ꮞ䈐ㄟ䉁䉏䉇䈜䈇઀੐䈣㪨㪇㪈㪉 ⥄ಽ䈱䊕䊷䉴䈪઀੐䈏䈪䈐䉎⥄ಽ䈪઀੐䈱㗅⇟䊶䉇䉍ᣇ䉕᳿䉄䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪㪨㪇㪈㪊䈐䉎⡯႐䈱઀੐䈱ᣇ㊎䈮⥄ಽ䈱ᗧ⷗䉕෻ᤋ䈪䈐㪨㪇㪈㪋䉎䈬䈱䈒䉌䈇ᱷᬺ䉇ભᣣ಴ൕ䈜䉎䈎⥄ಽ䈪᳿
㪨㪇㪈㪌
䉄䉌䉏䉎
㪨㪇㪈㪍 ਄ม䈎䉌઀੐䉕䉁䈎䈞䈩䉅䉌䈋䉎⥄ಽ䈏ᱜ䈚䈇䈫ᕁ䈉䈱䈫䈲㆑䈦䈢䉇䉍ᣇ䈪઀㪨㪇㪈㪎੐䉕䈚䈭䈔䉏䈳䈭䉌䈭䈇ⶄᢙ䈱ੱ䈎䉌䈍੕䈇䈮⍦⋫䈚䈢䈖䈫䉕ⷐ᳞䈘㪨㪇㪈㪏䉏䉎චಽ䈭ੱ䉇䊝䊉䈏䈭䈇䉁䉁઀੐䉕ഀ䉍ᒰ䈩䉌㪨㪇㪈㪐䉏䉎⥄ಽ䈱⡯ോ䉇⽿છ䈏૗䈪䈅䉎䈎ಽ䈎䈦䈩䈇㪨㪇㪉㪇䉎㪨㪇㪉㪈 ⥄ಽ䈱ㇱ⟑䈱⋡ᮡ䉇⋡⊛䈏ಽ䈎䈦䈩䈇䉎⥄ಽ䈮䈬䉏䈒䉌䈇ᮭ㒢䈏䈅䉎䈱䈎䈲䈦䈐䉍䈚㪨㪇㪉㪉䈩䈇䉎⥄ಽ䈱઀੐䈪૗䉕䈜䉎䈼䈐䈎䈮䈧䈇䈩⺑᣿䈘
㪨㪇㪉㪊
䉏䈩䈇䉎
⡯႐䈱઀੐ో૕䈱ਛ䈪⥄ಽ䈱઀੐䈱૏⟎䈨㪨㪇㪉㪋䈔䉕ℂ⸃䈪䈐䈩䈇䉎㪨㪇㪉㪌 ઀੐䈪ᣂ䈚䈇䈖䈫䉕ቇ䈹ᯏળ䈏䈅䉎㪨㪇㪉㪍 ઀੐䈪⥄ಽ䈱㐳ᚲ䉕䈱䈳䈜ᯏળ䈏䈅䉎⡯႐䈪䈲䇮⥄ಽ䈱ᛛ⢻䉕චಽ䈮㜞䉄䉎䈖䈫䈏㪨㪇㪉㪎䈪䈐䉎䈖䉏䉁䈪䈚䈢䈖䈫䈱䈭䈇⒳㘃䈱઀੐䉕䈜䉎䈖
㪨㪇㪉㪏
䈫䈏ᄙ䈇
Ფ࿁䇮ᣂ䈚䈇ᛛⴚ䉇⍮⼂䉕ᔅⷐ䈫䈜䉎઀੐䈪㪨㪇㪉㪐䈅䉎઀੐䈱਄䈪䇮એ೨䈮⚻㛎䈚䈢䈖䈫䈱䈭䈇䈖䈫
㪨㪇㪊㪇
䈮಴ળ䈉
䈇䈧䈗䉐䇮⥄ಽ䈱઀੐㊂䈏Ⴧ䈋䉎䈎ಽ䈎䈦䈩㪨㪇㪊㪈䈇䉎䈇䈧䈗䉐䇮⥄ಽ䈱઀੐䈏৻Ბ⪭䈜䉎䈎⷗ㅢ䈚㪨㪇㪊㪉䈏䈧䈇䈩䈇䉎
䈇䈧䈗䉐䇮઀੐਄䈪䊃䊤䊑䊦䈏↢䈛䉎䈎੍ᗐ
㪨㪇㪊㪊
䈪䈐䉎

╙㪈࿃ሶ ╙㪉࿃ሶ ╙㪊࿃ሶ ╙㪋࿃ሶ ╙㪌࿃ሶ ╙㪍࿃ሶ ╙㪎࿃ሶ ╙㪏࿃ሶ ╙㪐࿃ሶ
㪇㪅㪉㪊
㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪊
㪇㪅㪏㪊
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪇㪅㪉㪏
㪇㪅㪈㪌
㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪏㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪌
㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪍㪍
㪇㪅㪋㪉
㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪇㪅㪎㪏
㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪉㪉
㪇㪅㪇㪊
㪇㪅㪇㪊
㪇㪅㪇㪊
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪈
㪇㪅㪏㪇
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪇㪅㪇㪈
㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪈
㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪇㪅㪉㪊
㪇㪅㪍㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪇㪅㪊㪈
㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪇㪇
㪇㪅㪇㪇
㪇㪅㪇㪈
㪇㪅㪎㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪇㪅㪉㪈
㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪈
㪇㪅㪎㪏
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪊
㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪊
㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪊

㪇㪅㪉㪎

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪈

㪇㪅㪇㪉

㪇㪅㪎㪌

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪇

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪍

㪇㪅㪉㪊

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪇㪅㪇㪊

㪇㪅㪉㪋
㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪄㪇㪅㪊㪐

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪍㪈

㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪇㪈

㪇㪅㪏㪍
㪇㪅㪏㪌
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪇

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪇㪎

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪈

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪇㪅㪇㪇
㪇㪅㪈㪉

㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪇㪅㪈㪐
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪌

㪇㪅㪈㪉

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪋

㪇㪅㪏㪈

㪇㪅㪇㪈

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋

㪇㪅㪇㪎

㪇㪅㪈㪈

㪇㪅㪇㪏

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪎

㪇㪅㪉㪋

㪇㪅㪈㪌

㪇㪅㪍㪉

㪇㪅㪇㪎

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪋

㪇㪅㪈㪐

㪇㪅㪉㪏

㪇㪅㪇㪐

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪏

㪇㪅㪈㪌

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪈

㪇㪅㪎㪉

㪇㪅㪇㪋

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪊

㪇㪅㪇㪋

㪇㪅㪇㪈

㪇㪅㪇㪏

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪎

㪇㪅㪋㪈

㪇㪅㪈㪏

㪇㪅㪌㪊

㪇㪅㪇㪊

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪏

㪇㪅㪈㪏

㪇㪅㪈㪍

㪇㪅㪈㪊

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪌

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋

㪇㪅㪇㪋

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪋

㪇㪅㪇㪐

㪇㪅㪈㪌

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪈

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪇

㪇㪅㪇㪉

㪇㪅㪎㪐

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪏

㪇㪅㪈㪌

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪇

㪇㪅㪇㪌

㪇㪅㪉㪏

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪇

㪇㪅㪇㪇

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪉

㪇㪅㪎㪏

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪉

㪇㪅㪋㪇

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪎

㪇㪅㪇㪋

㪇㪅㪈㪏

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪉

㪇㪅㪇㪇

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪉

㪇㪅㪍㪍

㪇㪅㪎㪊

㪇㪅㪇㪍

㪇㪅㪈㪋

㪇㪅㪈㪇

㪇㪅㪇㪏

㪇㪅㪉㪇

㪇㪅㪇㪇

㪇㪅㪇㪉

㪇㪅㪇㪉

㪇㪅㪎㪋

㪇㪅㪈㪇

㪇㪅㪈㪊

㪇㪅㪈㪍

㪇㪅㪇㪋

㪇㪅㪈㪊

㪇㪅㪈㪎

㪇㪅㪇㪏

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪇

㪇㪅㪎㪋

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋

㪇㪅㪇㪐

㪇㪅㪇㪋

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪍

㪇㪅㪈㪊

㪇㪅㪇㪊

㪇㪅㪈㪍

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪊

㪇㪅㪍㪐

㪇㪅㪇㪍

㪇㪅㪈㪇

㪇㪅㪇㪈

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪇

㪇㪅㪇㪉

㪇㪅㪉㪇

㪇㪅㪈㪇

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪌

㪇㪅㪎㪐

㪇㪅㪇㪈

㪇㪅㪈㪋

㪇㪅㪇㪇

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪌

㪇㪅㪈㪊

㪇㪅㪈㪏

㪇㪅㪈㪇

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪎

㪇㪅㪊㪇
㪇㪅㪉㪊

㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪇㪌

㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪏

㪇㪅㪋㪇
㪇㪅㪉㪊

㪇㪅㪇㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪏

㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪇㪅㪉㪌

㪇㪅㪍㪋
㪇㪅㪏㪇

㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪈

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋

㪇㪅㪉㪋

㪇㪅㪇㪐

㪇㪅㪉㪉

㪇㪅㪉㪌

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪍

㪇㪅㪉㪊

㪇㪅㪎㪋

㪇㪅㪈㪉

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪎

㪇㪅㪇㪋

㪇㪅㪈㪉

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪉

㪇㪅㪏㪋

㪇㪅㪇㪈

㪇㪅㪇㪍

㪇㪅㪈㪈

㪇㪅㪇㪋

㪇㪅㪇㪍

㪇㪅㪇㪊

㪇㪅㪈㪎

㪇㪅㪇㪎

㪇㪅㪎㪎

㪇㪅㪇㪌

㪇㪅㪈㪊

㪇㪅㪉㪊

㪇㪅㪇㪏

㪇㪅㪇㪐

㪇㪅㪈㪏

㪇㪅㪈㪊

㪇㪅㪇㪍

㪇㪅㪎㪐

㪇㪅㪈㪊

㪇㪅㪈㪊

㪇㪅㪈㪎

㪇㪅㪇㪉

㪇㪅㪇㪋

㪇㪅㪉㪉

㪇㪅㪇㪌

㪇㪅㪈㪇

㪇㪅㪇㪉

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪉

㪇㪅㪇㪐

㪇㪅㪇㪉

㪇㪅㪏㪋

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪊

㪇㪅㪉㪋

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪉

㪇㪅㪈㪊

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪍

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋

㪇㪅㪇㪏

㪇㪅㪇㪍

㪇㪅㪏㪉

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪍

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪈

㪇㪅㪇㪋

㪇㪅㪈㪇

㪇㪅㪈㪍

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪊

㪇㪅㪇㪈

㪇㪅㪈㪇

㪇㪅㪎㪈

㪇㪅㪇㪍











−  −⴫㪎䇭⡯႐䈮㑐䈜䉎㗄⋡䈱࿃ሶಽᨆ㪨㪇㪋㪇 ⑳䈢䈤䈱⡯႐䈪䈲䇮䈫䉅䈮௛䈖䈉䈫䈇䈉ᆫ൓䈏䈅䉎㪨㪇㪋㪈 ⑳䈢䈤䈱⡯႐䈪䈲䇮䈍੕䈇䈮ℂ⸃䈚⹺䉄ว䈦䈩䈇䉎
⑳䈢䈤䈱⡯႐䈪䈲䇮઀੐䈮㑐ㅪ䈚䈢ᖱႎ䈱౒᦭䈏䈪䈐䈩㪨㪇㪋㪉䈇䉎㪨㪇㪋㪊 ⑳䈢䈤䈱⡯႐䈪䈲䇮ഥ䈔ว䈍䈉䈫䈇䈉㔓࿐᳇䈏䈅䉎㪨㪇㪋㪋 ⑳䈢䈤䈱⡯႐䈪䈲䇮䈍੕䈇䈮ା㗬䈚ว䈦䈩䈇䉎㪨㪇㪋㪌 ╉䈇䉇╉㗻䈏䈅䉎⡯႐䈣㪨㪇㪋㪍 ⑳↢ᵴ䉕฽䉄䈩䇮᳇ᜬ䈤䉇⁁ᴫ䉕⹤䈚ว䈋䉎⡯႐䈣㪨㪇㪋㪎 䈍੕䈇䈮䈅䈇䈘䈧䉕䈚ว䈉⡯႐䈣㪨㪇㪋㪏 ⡯႐䈪䈲䇮䊜䊮䊋䊷䈱㑆䈪⋧੕ℂ⸃䈏䈅䉎⡯႐䈱䉂䉖䈭䈏䈍੕䈇䈮䇮䈉䉁䈒䉮䊚䊠䊆䉬䊷䉲䊢䊮䈪䈐䉎㪨㪇㪋㪐䉋䈉Ꮏᄦ䈏䈭䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎㪨㪇㪌㪇 ⡯႐䈱䊜䊮䊋䊷䈏ห䈛⋡ᮡ䉕౒᦭䈚䈩䈇䉎㪨㪇㪌㪈 ੹䈱⡯႐䈲ઁ⠪䉕㈩ᘦ䈜䉎㩿ห௥䈮᳇䉕㈩䉎㪀㘑࿯䈏䈅䉎㪨㪇㪌㪉 ઀੐䈱䉇䉍ᣇ䉇ㅴ䉄ᣇ䈮䈧䈇䈩Ꮏᄦ䉕䈖䉌䈞䉎⡯႐䈣৻ੱ䈵䈫䉍䈱ഃᗧᎿᄦ䇮ឭ᩺䈭䈬䈏ข䉍౉䉏䉌䉏䉇䈜䈇㪨㪇㪌㪊⡯႐䈣㪨㪇㪌㪋 ⥄ಽ䈱઀੐䈮⷗ว䈉⛎ᢱ䉇䊗䊷䊅䉴䉕䉅䉌䈦䈩䈇䉎㪨㪇㪌㪌 ⥄ಽ䈱⢻ജ䉇⚻㛎䈮⷗ว䈦䈢࿾૏䊶⡯ോ䈮ዞ䈇䈩䈇䉎㪨㪇㪌㪍 ⑳䈲਄ม䈎䉌䈸䈘䉒䈚䈇⹏ଔ䉕ฃ䈔䈩䈇䉎㪨㪇㪌㪎 ⑳䈲઀੐਄䈸䈘䉒䈚䈇⹏ଔ䈫ੱᦸ䉕ฃ䈔䈩䈇䉎㪨㪇㪌㪏 ห௥䈎䉌䇮⥄ಽ䈱઀੐਄䈱䈸䈘䉒䈚䈇ᛒ䈇䉕ฃ䈔䈩䈇䉎⡯႐䈪⥄ಽ䈏䈇䈛䉄䈮䈅䈦䈩䈇䉎㩷㩿䉶䉪䊊䊤䇮䊌䊪䊊䊤䉕㪨㪇㪌㪐฽䉃䋩⡯႐䈪䈇䈛䉄䉌䉏䈩䈇䉎ੱ䈏䈇䉎㩷㩿䉶䉪䊊䊤䇮䊌䊪䊊䊤䉕㪨㪇㪍㪇฽䉃䋩㪨㪇㪍㪈 ਄ม䈲䇮઀੐䈮ᖱᾲ䉕䉅䈩䉎䉋䈉䈮䈚䈩䈒䉏䉎઀੐䈱಴᧪䈳䈋䈮䈧䈇䈩䇮਄ม䈎䉌䊐䉞䊷䊄䊋䉾䉪䉕䉅
㪨㪇㪍㪉
䉌䈦䈩䈇䉎
਄ม䈲䇮ㇱਅ䈏⢻ജ䉕િ䈳䈜ᯏળ䉕ᜬ䈩䉎䉋䈉䈮䇮ข䉍㪨㪇㪍㪊⸘䉌䈦䈩䈒䉏䉎
㪨㪇㪍㪋 ਄ม䈲䇮⑳䈏⥄ಽ䈪໧㗴⸃᳿䈪䈐䉎䉋䈉䈮ബ䉁䈚䈩䈒䉏䉎㪨㪇㪍㪌 ㇱਅ䉕⢒䈩䉎䈖䈫䈏਄ᚻ䈭਄ม䈏⹏ଔ䈘䉏䉎⚵❱䈣਄ม䈲⁛䉍䉋䈏䉍䈭䉅䈱䈱⷗ᣇ䉕䈚䈭䈇䉋䈉䈮䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏㪨㪇㪍㪍䈪䈐䉎㪨㪇㪍㪎 ਄ม䈲ⷫಾᔃ䈫ᕁ䈇䉇䉍䉕䉅䈦䈩ធ䈚䈩䈒䉏䉎㪨㪇㪍㪏 ਄ม䈲⺈ታ䈭ᘒᐲ䈪ኻᔕ䈚䈩䈒䉏䉎㪨㪇㪍㪐 ઀੐䉕䈐䈤䉖䈫䈜䉏䈳䇮䈾䉄䈩䉅䉌䈋䉎㪨㪇㪎㪇 ദജ䈚䈩઀੐䉕䈜䉏䈳䇮䈾䉄䈩䉅䉌䈋䉎㪨㪇㪎㪈 䈅䈢䉍䉁䈋䈱䈖䈫䈪䉅䇮䈪䈐䈢䉌䈾䉄䈩䉅䉌䈋䉎㪨㪇㪎㪉 䊏䊮䉼䉕䉼䊞䊮䉴䈮ᄌ䈋䉌䉏䉎⡯႐䈣㪨㪇㪎㪊 ᄬᢌ䈚䈩䉅ᝊ࿁㩿䈳䉖䈎䈇㪀䈜䉎䉼䊞䊮䉴䈏䈅䉎⡯႐䈣⥄ಽ䈱䉫䊦䊷䊒䈲઀੐䈱ㆀⴕ⢻ജ䈏䈫䈩䉅㜞䈇䇮䈫䈇䈉
㪨㪇㪎㪋
⥄ା䈏䈅䉎
⥄ಽ䈱䉫䊦䊷䊒䈲ਇ᷹䈱੐ᘒ䉕䈉䉁䈒ಣℂ䈪䈐䉎䇮䈫䈇䈉
㪨㪇㪎㪌
⥄ା䈏䈅䉎
⥄ಽ䈱䉫䊦䊷䊒䈲ో૕⊛䈮⷗䈩䇮⺖㗴䈱⸃᳿⢻ജ䈏㜞㪨㪇㪎㪍䈇㪨㪇㪎㪎 ᄬ⡯䈱ᕟ䉏䈏䈅䉎㪨㪇㪎㪏 ᣹ㅴ䈱⷗ㄟ䉂䈲ዋ䈭䈇⡯႐䈪䇮ᅢ䉁䈚䈒䈭䈇ᄌൻ䉕⚻㛎䈚䈩䈇䉎䇯䉅䈚䈒䈲੹ᓟ䈠㪨㪇㪎㪐䈉䈇䈉⁁ᴫ䈏⿠䈖䉍䈉䉎╙㪈࿃ሶ ╙㪉࿃ሶ ╙㪊࿃ሶ ╙㪋࿃ሶ ╙㪌࿃ሶ ╙㪍࿃ሶ ╙㪎࿃ሶ ╙㪏࿃ሶ ╙㪐࿃ሶ╙㪈㪇࿃ሶ
㪇㪅㪉㪎
㪇㪅㪎㪎
㪇㪅㪈㪌
㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪉㪌
㪇㪅㪎㪐
㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪇㪅㪉㪈
㪇㪅㪈㪌
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪉㪎

㪇㪅㪍㪐

㪇㪅㪈㪍

㪇㪅㪈㪎

㪇㪅㪈㪋

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋

㪇㪅㪈㪉

㪇㪅㪈㪌

㪇㪅㪇㪌

㪇㪅㪇㪊

㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪇㪅㪉㪈
㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪇㪅㪈㪐
㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪉㪍

㪇㪅㪎㪍
㪇㪅㪎㪋
㪇㪅㪊㪍
㪇㪅㪊㪐
㪇㪅㪉㪈
㪇㪅㪌㪌

㪇㪅㪊㪈
㪇㪅㪉㪍
㪇㪅㪍㪏
㪇㪅㪌㪐
㪇㪅㪍㪏
㪇㪅㪌㪇

㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪌
㪇㪅㪈㪌
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪉㪊

㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪎

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪌
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪍

㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪇㪋

㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪇

㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪉㪎
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪇㪅㪇㪉

㪇㪅㪇㪈
㪇㪅㪇㪇
㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪇㪅㪇㪊

㪇㪅㪉㪐

㪇㪅㪌㪇

㪇㪅㪋㪎

㪇㪅㪈㪏

㪇㪅㪈㪈

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪈

㪇㪅㪈㪉

㪇㪅㪈㪐

㪇㪅㪇㪊

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪍

㪇㪅㪊㪈
㪇㪅㪉㪍
㪇㪅㪉㪎

㪇㪅㪌㪌
㪇㪅㪋㪊
㪇㪅㪉㪎

㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪌㪌
㪇㪅㪉㪍

㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪉㪈

㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪈㪋

㪇㪅㪇㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋

㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪇㪅㪇㪊
㪇㪅㪇㪌

㪇㪅㪋㪈
㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪍㪏

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪈㪇

㪇㪅㪇㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪇㪌

㪇㪅㪊㪉

㪇㪅㪊㪇

㪇㪅㪉㪌

㪇㪅㪈㪏

㪇㪅㪈㪏

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪊

㪇㪅㪈㪇

㪇㪅㪍㪋

㪇㪅㪈㪊

㪇㪅㪇㪇

㪇㪅㪉㪌
㪇㪅㪉㪐
㪇㪅㪋㪍
㪇㪅㪊㪏
㪇㪅㪉㪐

㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪇㪅㪉㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪇㪅㪈㪐
㪇㪅㪊㪇

㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪇㪅㪉㪊
㪇㪅㪉㪋
㪇㪅㪊㪉

㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪈㪐

㪇㪅㪎㪎
㪇㪅㪎㪌
㪇㪅㪌㪐
㪇㪅㪌㪎
㪇㪅㪋㪎

㪇㪅㪇㪊
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪊
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪉

㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪌
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪇㪎

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪉㪈
㪇㪅㪉㪇

㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪇㪌

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪇㪅㪇㪇
㪇㪅㪉㪌
㪇㪅㪊㪇
㪇㪅㪊㪋

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪉

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪏

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪈

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪌

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪉

㪇㪅㪐㪈

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪉

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪌

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪈

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪎

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪎

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪈

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪉

㪇㪅㪇㪈

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪉

㪇㪅㪐㪈

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪉

㪇㪅㪇㪈

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪊

㪇㪅㪇㪉

㪇㪅㪎㪎

㪇㪅㪉㪌

㪇㪅㪈㪈

㪇㪅㪈㪏

㪇㪅㪈㪏

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪉

㪇㪅㪈㪊

㪇㪅㪈㪊

㪇㪅㪇㪋

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪐

㪇㪅㪎㪍

㪇㪅㪉㪇

㪇㪅㪈㪉

㪇㪅㪈㪋

㪇㪅㪈㪐

㪇㪅㪇㪉

㪇㪅㪇㪐

㪇㪅㪈㪇

㪇㪅㪇㪉

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪏

㪇㪅㪎㪐

㪇㪅㪉㪊

㪇㪅㪇㪐

㪇㪅㪈㪎

㪇㪅㪉㪉

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪈

㪇㪅㪈㪇

㪇㪅㪈㪊

㪇㪅㪇㪋

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪉

㪇㪅㪎㪏
㪇㪅㪍㪐

㪇㪅㪉㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪐

㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪉

㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪈㪋

㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪇㪅㪈㪎

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪇㪅㪇㪋

㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪇㪅㪇㪏

㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪇㪅㪇㪐

㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪏

㪇㪅㪇㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪇

㪇㪅㪎㪊

㪇㪅㪉㪌

㪇㪅㪇㪊

㪇㪅㪈㪊

㪇㪅㪈㪊

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪍

㪇㪅㪇㪏

㪇㪅㪈㪐

㪇㪅㪈㪉

㪇㪅㪇㪎

㪇㪅㪎㪊
㪇㪅㪎㪈
㪇㪅㪍㪋
㪇㪅㪍㪉
㪇㪅㪌㪊
㪇㪅㪋㪋
㪇㪅㪊㪌

㪇㪅㪉㪈
㪇㪅㪉㪊
㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪇㪅㪈㪐
㪇㪅㪈㪌

㪇㪅㪉㪈
㪇㪅㪉㪈
㪇㪅㪉㪐
㪇㪅㪉㪏
㪇㪅㪉㪊
㪇㪅㪇㪈
㪇㪅㪇㪋

㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪉㪋
㪇㪅㪉㪋

㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪌
㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪐
㪇㪅㪉㪊

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪇㪅㪇㪈
㪇㪅㪇㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪏

㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪈㪇

㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪇㪅㪊㪌
㪇㪅㪊㪋

㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪇㪅㪊㪐
㪇㪅㪋㪊
㪇㪅㪌㪏
㪇㪅㪌㪊
㪇㪅㪌㪎

㪇㪅㪊㪊
㪇㪅㪊㪈
㪇㪅㪉㪎
㪇㪅㪉㪏
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪈㪈

㪇㪅㪉㪋

㪇㪅㪉㪍

㪇㪅㪈㪏

㪇㪅㪏㪉

㪇㪅㪈㪈

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋

㪇㪅㪇㪌

㪇㪅㪈㪉

㪇㪅㪈㪇

㪇㪅㪇㪊

㪇㪅㪉㪋

㪇㪅㪉㪊

㪇㪅㪈㪍

㪇㪅㪏㪋

㪇㪅㪈㪈

㪇㪅㪇㪈

㪇㪅㪇㪐

㪇㪅㪈㪉

㪇㪅㪈㪈

㪇㪅㪇㪈

㪇㪅㪉㪌

㪇㪅㪊㪈

㪇㪅㪈㪌

㪇㪅㪏㪇

㪇㪅㪈㪇

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪌

㪇㪅㪇㪌

㪇㪅㪈㪊

㪇㪅㪈㪈

㪇㪅㪇㪋

㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪋

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪌
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪉

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪐

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪇㪅㪇㪇

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪐

㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪇㪅㪇㪇

㪄㪇㪅㪏㪉
㪄㪇㪅㪎㪎

㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪋

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪌

㪄㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪇㪅㪇㪋

㪄㪇㪅㪉㪈

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪋

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪈

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪍

㪇㪅㪊㪇

㪄㪇㪅㪍㪈

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪏

㪇㪅㪇㪈

㪇㪅㪉㪉














−  −⴫㪏䇭⚵❱䈮㑐䈜䉎㗄⋡䈱࿃ሶಽᨆ㪨㪇㪏㪇 ⚻༡ጀ䈲ᓥᬺຬ䈱઀੐䈹䉍䉕ା㗬䈚䈩䈇䉎㪨㪇㪏㪈 ⚻༡ጀ䈎䉌䈱ᖱႎ䈲ା㗬䈪䈐䉎㪨㪇㪏㪉 ⚻༡ጀ䈲ᓥᬺຬ䈎䉌䈱ឭ᩺䉕⌀೶䈮ข䉍ᛒ䈦䈩䈒䉏䉎㪨㪇㪏㪊 ⚻༡ጀ䈲ᓥᬺຬ䉕౏ᱜ䈮ᛒ䈦䈩䈒䉏䉎㪨㪇㪏㪋 ⚻༡ጀ䈲ᱜ⏕䈭ᖱႎ䈮ၮ䈨䈇䈩ᗧᕁ᳿ቯ䈚䈩䈇䉎㪨㪇㪏㪌 ⡯႐䉇઀੐䈪䈬䉖䈭ᄌൻ䈏䈅䉎䈎䇮਄ม䈮䈢䈝䈰䉎ᯏળ䈏䈅䉎㪨㪇㪏㪍 ⡯႐䉇઀੐䈪ᄌൻ䈏䈅䉎䈫䈐䈮䈲䇮ᓥᬺຬ䈱ᗧ⷗䈏⡞䈎䉏䈩䈇䉎㪨㪇㪏㪎 ⡯႐䉇઀੐䈱ᄌൻ䈏䈅䉎႐ว䇮੐೨䈮⺑᣿䈏䈅䉎ᗧᕁ᳿ቯ䈮䉋䈦䈩ᓇ㗀䉕ฃ䈔䉎ో䈩䈱㑐ଥ⠪䈏䇮ᗧᕁ᳿ቯ䈮ෳട䈚䈩䈇㪨㪇㪏㪏䉎ᗧᕁ᳿ቯ䈲৻⽾䈚䈩䈇䉎䋨ో䈩䈱ᓥᬺຬ䈮ኻ䈚ⷙೣ䈏ห᭽䈮ㆡ↪䈘䉏㪨㪇㪏㪐䉎䋩㪨㪇㪐㪇 ᗧᕁ᳿ቯ䈏ⴕ䉒䉏䉎೨䈮䇮ᓇ㗀䉕ฃ䈔䉎ੱ䈢䈤䈱⠨䈋䈏⡞䈎䉏䈩䈇䉎㪨㪇㪐㪈 ⺋䈦䈢ᜰ␜䉇ᣇ㊎䈮䇮ᗧ⷗䉕⸒䈉䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉎㪨㪇㪐㪉 ৻ੱ৻ੱ䈱㐳ᚲ䉇ᓧᗧಽ㊁䉕⠨䈋䈩઀੐䈏ਈ䈋䉌䉏䈩䈇䉎㪨㪇㪐㪊 ৻ੱ৻ੱ䈱ଔ୯ⷰ䉕ᄢ੐䈮䈚䈩䈒䉏䉎⡯႐䈣㪨㪇㪐㪋 ભᥜ䉕䈫䉍䉇䈜䈇㪨㪇㪐㪌 ⥄ಽ䈮ว䈦䈢઀੐䉇⡯႐䉕␠ౝ䈪⷗䈧䈔䉎ᯏળ䈏䈅䉎䋨㊀ⷐ䈭઀੐䈪䉅ᣣᏱ⊛䈭઀੐䈪䉅䋩䈬䉖䈭઀੐䉅౏ᐔ䈮⹏ଔ䈘䉏䈩䈇㪨㪇㪐㪍䉎㪨㪇㪐㪎 ੱ੐⹏ଔ䈱⚿ᨐ䈮䈧䈇䈩චಽ䈭⺑᣿䈏䈭䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎㪨㪇㪐㪏 ઀੐䈱ᣇ㊎䈫ᓎഀ䈮䈧䈇䈩⚊ᓧ䈪䈐䉎䉋䈉䈭⺑᣿䈏䈅䉎㪨㪇㪐㪐 ੱ੐⹏ଔ䈱ၮḰ䈏᣿⏕䈮䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎ੱ੐⹏ଔ䈲䇮⡯႐䉇䉼䊷䊛ో૕䈱ᚑᨐ䉋䉍䉅୘ੱ䈱ᚑᨐ䈮䉋䉍ⴕ䉒䉏㪨㪈㪇㪇䈩䈇䉎㪨㪈㪇㪈 ᅚᕈ䇮㜞㦂⠪䈅䉎䈇䈲㓚䈏䈇⠪䈏௛䈐䉇䈜䈇⡯႐䈣㪨㪈㪇㪉 ⧯䈇ੱ䈏௛䈐䉇䈜䈇⡯႐䈣⡯႐䈪䈲䇮䋨ᱜⷙ䇮㕖ᱜⷙ䇮䉝䊦䊋䉟䊃䈭䈬䋩䈇䉐䈇䉐䈭┙႐䈱ੱ䈏⡯႐㪨㪈㪇㪊䈱৻ຬ䈫䈚䈩ዅ㊀䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎㪨㪈㪇㪋 ᗧ᰼䉕ᒁ䈐಴䈚䈢䉍䇮䉨䊞䊥䉝䈮ᓎ┙䈧ᢎ⢒䈏ⴕ䉒䉏䈩䈇䉎㪨㪈㪇㪌 ⧯䈇䈉䈤䈎䉌዁᧪䈱ㅴ〝䉕⠨䈋䈩ੱ੐▤ℂ䈏ⴕ䉒䉏䈩䈇䉎㪨㪈㪇㪍 䉫䊦䊷䊒䉇୘ੱ䈗䈫䈮䇮ᢎ⢒䊶⸠✵䈱⋡ᮡ䈏᣿⏕䈮䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎㪨㪈㪇㪎 ⥄ಽ䈱⡯႐䈪䈲䇮⺕䈪䉅ᔅⷐ䈭䈫䈐䈮ᔅⷐ䈭ᢎ⢒䊶⸠✵䈏ฃ䈔䉌䉏䉎㪨㪈㪇㪏 ⥄ಽ䈱⡯႐䈪䈲䇮ᓥᬺຬ䉕⢒䈩䉎䈖䈫䈏ᄢಾ䈣䈫⠨䈋䉌䉏䈩䈇䉎╙㪈࿃ሶ ╙㪉࿃ሶ ╙㪊࿃ሶ ╙㪋࿃ሶ ╙㪌࿃ሶ ╙㪍࿃ሶ ╙㪎࿃ሶ
㪇㪅㪎㪍
㪇㪅㪈㪌
㪇㪅㪉㪌
㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪉㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪏㪇
㪇㪅㪉㪉
㪇㪅㪉㪍
㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪇㪅㪎㪊
㪇㪅㪉㪋
㪇㪅㪊㪍
㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪎㪉
㪇㪅㪉㪍
㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪇㪅㪉㪐
㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪎㪉
㪇㪅㪉㪎
㪇㪅㪉㪐
㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪇㪅㪇㪉
㪇㪅㪉㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪐
㪇㪅㪍㪌
㪇㪅㪉㪌
㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪇㪅㪈㪌
㪇㪅㪇㪈
㪇㪅㪊㪍
㪇㪅㪉㪌
㪇㪅㪎㪉
㪇㪅㪉㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪇㪅㪊㪎
㪇㪅㪉㪐
㪇㪅㪍㪌
㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪋㪐

㪇㪅㪊㪊

㪇㪅㪋㪋

㪇㪅㪊㪍

㪇㪅㪇㪍

㪇㪅㪈㪉

㪇㪅㪇㪐

㪇㪅㪌㪌

㪇㪅㪉㪎

㪇㪅㪋㪎

㪇㪅㪈㪍

㪇㪅㪈㪉

㪇㪅㪈㪍

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪈

㪇㪅㪊㪍
㪇㪅㪊㪋
㪇㪅㪊㪋
㪇㪅㪊㪏
㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪈㪏

㪇㪅㪉㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪉㪎
㪇㪅㪊㪋
㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪊㪉

㪇㪅㪍㪇
㪇㪅㪋㪎
㪇㪅㪊㪈
㪇㪅㪊㪋
㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪉㪐

㪇㪅㪊㪉
㪇㪅㪌㪇
㪇㪅㪍㪐
㪇㪅㪍㪈
㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪇㪅㪍㪈

㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪐
㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪈㪉

㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪇㪌

㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪇㪇
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪈
㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪐㪊
㪇㪅㪊㪊

㪇㪅㪌㪇

㪇㪅㪊㪌

㪇㪅㪈㪊

㪇㪅㪋㪉

㪇㪅㪉㪊

㪇㪅㪉㪎

㪇㪅㪇㪍

㪇㪅㪋㪈
㪇㪅㪋㪉
㪇㪅㪊㪇

㪇㪅㪌㪇
㪇㪅㪋㪉
㪇㪅㪌㪉

㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪇㪅㪉㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪊

㪇㪅㪊㪎
㪇㪅㪊㪍
㪇㪅㪊㪊

㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪇㪐

㪇㪅㪋㪋
㪇㪅㪋㪌
㪇㪅㪌㪈

㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪇㪏

㪇㪅㪈㪏

㪇㪅㪈㪎

㪇㪅㪉㪋

㪇㪅㪇㪌

㪇㪅㪉㪈

㪇㪅㪎㪐

㪇㪅㪇㪏

㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪋

㪇㪅㪉㪋
㪇㪅㪉㪇

㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪈㪌

㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪍

㪇㪅㪎㪈
㪇㪅㪎㪊

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪇㪅㪉㪍

㪇㪅㪉㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪌

㪇㪅㪉㪎

㪇㪅㪉㪈

㪇㪅㪈㪉

㪇㪅㪈㪌

㪇㪅㪎㪊

㪇㪅㪈㪉

㪇㪅㪇㪏

㪇㪅㪉㪊
㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪇㪅㪉㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪐
㪇㪅㪊㪎

㪇㪅㪏㪇
㪇㪅㪎㪏
㪇㪅㪎㪎
㪇㪅㪎㪊
㪇㪅㪍㪈

㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪇㪅㪉㪎
㪇㪅㪉㪍
㪇㪅㪊㪊

㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪇㪅㪈㪌
㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪇㪅㪇㪐

㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪉㪈
㪇㪅㪉㪌

㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪈㪇

㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪇㪅㪇㪇
㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪇㪅㪇㪌 

















−  −

⴫㪈㪇䇭઀੐䈱⁁ᴫ䊶ᚑᨐ䈮㑐䈜䉎㗄⋡䈱࿃ሶಽᨆ㪨㪈㪈㪎 ੹᦬䈱⥄ಽ䈱઀੐䈱಴᧪䈲䇮ઁ䈱ੱ䈮䈒䉌䈼䈩⦟䈎䈦䈢䈫ᕁ䈉㪨㪈㪈㪏 ᜰ␜䈘䉏䈢઀੐䉕䈐䈤䉖䈫䉇䉍䈫䈕䈩䈇䉎㪨㪈㪈㪐 ⥄ಽ䈮ᦼᓙ䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎઀੐䈲චಽ䈮䈖䈭䈚䈩䈇䉎㪨㪈㪉㪇 ઀੐䈪䈇䉐䈇䉐Ꮏᄦ䈚䈢䉍䇮䉝䉟䊂䉝䉕಴䈚䈩䈇䉎㪨㪈㪉㪈 ઀੐਄䈱໧㗴䈮ኻ䈚䈩ᣂ䈚䈇⸃᳿╷䉕⠨䈋䈩䈇䉎㪨㪈㪉㪉 ઀੐䈮䈧䈇䈩ᣂ䈚䈇䉇䉍ᣇ䉕ឭ᩺䈚䈩䈇䉎㪨㪈㪉㪊 ઀੐䈪ᣂ䈢䈭䈖䈫䉕ቇ䈼䈩䈇䉎㪨㪈㪉㪋 ઀੐䈪⥄ಽ䉕਄ᚻ䈮㜞䉄䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䈩䈇䉎㪨㪈㪉㪌 ᣂ䈚䈇੐䉕䊙䉴䉺䊷䈜䉎䈖䈫䈪ೝỗ䉕ฃ䈔䈩䈇䉎㪨㪈㪉㪍 ᣂ䈚䈇䈖䈫䉕⚻㛎䈚䈩ᚑ㐳䈚䈩䈇䉎㪨㪈㪉㪎 ઀੐䉕䈚䈩䈇䉎䈫䇮ᵴജ䈏䉂䈭䈑䉎䉋䈉䈮ᗵ䈛䉎㪨㪈㪉㪏 ⡯႐䈪䈲䇮ర᳇䈏಴䈩♖ജ⊛䈮䈭䉎䉋䈉䈮ᗵ䈛䉎㪨㪈㪉㪐 ઀੐䈮ᾲᔃ䈪䈅䉎㪨㪈㪊㪇 ઀੐䈲䇮⥄ಽ䈮ᵴജ䉕ਈ䈋䈩䈒䉏䉎㪨㪈㪊㪈 ᦺ䈮⋡䈏䈘䉄䉎䈫䇮䈘䈅઀੐䈻ⴕ䈖䈉䇮䈫䈇䈉᳇ᜬ䈤䈮䈭䉎㪨㪈㪊㪉 ઀੐䈮ᴚ㗡䈚䈩䈇䉎䈫䈐䇮ᐘ䈞䈣䈫ᗵ䈛䉎㪨㪈㪊㪊 ⥄ಽ䈱઀੐䈮⹶䉍䉕ᗵ䈛䉎㪨㪈㪊㪋 ઀੐䈮䈱䉄䉍ㄟ䉖䈪䈇䉎㪨㪈㪊㪌 ઀੐䉕䈚䈩䈇䉎䈫䇮䈧䈇ᄞਛ䈮䈭䈦䈩䈚䉁䈉

























−  −╙㪈࿃ሶ ╙㪉࿃ሶ ╙㪊࿃ሶ ╙㪋࿃ሶ
㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪇㪅㪉㪉
㪇㪅㪉㪌
㪇㪅㪍㪌
㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪈㪌
㪇㪅㪏㪏
㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪉㪎
㪇㪅㪏㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪐
㪇㪅㪉㪈
㪇㪅㪎㪐
㪇㪅㪊㪊
㪇㪅㪉㪈
㪇㪅㪉㪊
㪇㪅㪏㪈
㪇㪅㪉㪏
㪇㪅㪈㪐
㪇㪅㪊㪉
㪇㪅㪎㪏
㪇㪅㪉㪈
㪇㪅㪉㪐
㪇㪅㪏㪈
㪇㪅㪉㪊
㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪇㪅㪊㪏
㪇㪅㪎㪈
㪇㪅㪉㪏
㪇㪅㪉㪋
㪇㪅㪊㪋
㪇㪅㪏㪊
㪇㪅㪈㪐
㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪊㪋
㪇㪅㪏㪊
㪇㪅㪉㪊
㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪇㪅㪎㪐
㪇㪅㪊㪌
㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪇㪅㪈㪌
㪇㪅㪎㪐
㪇㪅㪊㪈
㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪇㪅㪍㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪉㪌
㪇㪅㪊㪈
㪇㪅㪏㪉
㪇㪅㪉㪎
㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪎㪐
㪇㪅㪈㪐
㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪏㪇
㪇㪅㪈㪌
㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪇㪅㪍㪋
㪇㪅㪊㪊
㪇㪅㪉㪉
㪇㪅㪈㪌
㪇㪅㪎㪌
㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪇㪅㪉㪍
㪇㪅㪇㪊
㪇㪅㪎㪊
㪇㪅㪈㪌
㪇㪅㪉㪐
㪇㪅㪇㪋 ⴫㪈㪈䇭ዤᐲ䈫䉴䊃䊧䉴䊶ஜᐽ䊶䊌䊐䉤䊷䊙䊮䉴䈫䈱㪧㪼㪸㫉㫊㫆㫅⋧㑐ଥᢙ
㪨㪈㪊㪍
㪨㪈㪊㪎
㪨㪈㪊㪏

㪨㪈㪊㪐

㪨㪈㪋㪇

੹䈱⡯႐
䈲䇮䉴䊃䊧䉴
⥄ಽ䈱⡯႐
䈭䈬䈱䊙䉟
੹䈱⡯႐䈪
䈮䈲䇮ᔃ䈱
䊅䉴ὐ䈫઀
௛䈇䈩䈇䉎 䉴䊃䊧䉴䉕ᛴஜᐽ໧㗴䈱੐䈱䉇䉍䈏 ⥄ಽ䈱ஜᐽ䈫䇮䈠䈱䈉䈤 䈋ㄟ䉁䈭䈇 ઀੐䈱䊌䈢䉄⺞ሶ䈏䈇䈭䈬䈱䊒䊤 ⁁ᘒ䈲䉋䈇ஜᐽ䉕៊䈰 䈪䈜䉃⡯႐ 䊐䉤䊷䊙䊮䉴ᖡ䈎䈦䈢䉍䇮䉴ὐ䉕✚ว䈩䈚䉁䈇䈠䈉 䈣ભ䉖䈪䈇䉎䈜䉎䈫䇮䊒䊤
䈣
ੱ䈏䈇䉎
䉴ὐ䈏䉁
䈘䈦䈩䈇䉎
઀੐䈱ᗧ⟵
ᬺോ⽶ᜂ
ᖱ✜⊛⽶ᜂ
઀੐䈱䉮䊮䊃䊨䊷䊦ᓎഀ⪾⮮ᓎഀ᣿⏕䈘䊶ᦌᤒ䈘ᚑ㐳䈱ᯏળᣂᄸᕈ੍᷹น⢻ᕈ㩷
⡯႐䈱৻૕ᗵ
㩷㩿䉸䊷䉲䊞䊦䊶䉨䊞䊏䉺䊦㪀⚻ᷣ䊶࿾૏ႎ㈽ዅ㊀ႎ㈽㩷
䊊䊤䉴䊜䊮䊃
਄ม䈱䊥䊷䉻䊷䉲䉾䊒㩷਄ม䈱౏ᱜ䈭ᘒᐲ䈾䉄䈩䉅䉌䈋䉎⡯႐ᄬᢌ䉕⹺䉄䉎⡯႐䉫䊦䊷䊒䈱᦭⢻ᗵ⡯䈱ਇ቟ቯᕈ㩿቟ቯႎ㈽㪀㩷
⚻༡ጀ䈫䈱ା㗬㑐ଥ㩷ᄌൻ䈻䈱ኻᔕ
ᚻ⛯䈐䈱౏ᱜᕈ㩷୘ੱ䈱ዅ㊀㩷
౏ᱜ䈭ੱ੐⹏ଔ㩷ᄙ᭽䈭ഭ௛⠪䈻䈱ኻᔕ䉨䊞䊥䉝ᒻᚑ㩷䊪䊷䉪䊶䉶䊦䊐䊶䊋䊤䊮䉴㩷㩿઀੐㸢ኅᐸ䋺䊈䉧䊁䉞䊑㪀䊪䊷䉪䊶䉶䊦䊐䊶䊋䊤䊮䉴㩷㩿઀੐㸢ኅᐸ䋺䊘䉳䊁䉞䊑㪀ⷙቯ䈘䉏䈢⡯ോ䈱ㆀⴕഃㅧᕈ䈱⊒ើ
Ⓧᭂ⊛䈭ቇ⠌
䊪䊷䉪䊶䉣䊮䉭䉟䉳䊜䊮䊃
਄ม䈱ᡰេ
ห௥䈱ᡰេ

㪇㪅㪋㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪄㪇㪅㪊㪎
㪇㪅㪋㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪊㪋
㪇㪅㪊㪊
㪇㪅㪋㪏
㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪇㪅㪉㪉

㪇㪅㪉㪏
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪎
㪇㪅㪊㪊
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪎
㪇㪅㪉㪌
㪇㪅㪉㪍
㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪍

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪊
㪇㪅㪉㪈
㪇㪅㪉㪏
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪇㪅㪉㪎
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪐
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪌

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪇㪅㪊㪊
㪇㪅㪋㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪊㪇
㪇㪅㪋㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪐
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪈
㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪈

㪇㪅㪉㪉
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪋㪍
㪇㪅㪋㪉
㪄㪇㪅㪊㪌
㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪇㪅㪊㪇
㪇㪅㪇㪋
㪇㪅㪈㪐

㪇㪅㪊㪊
㪇㪅㪇㪇
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪌
㪇㪅㪊㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪊
㪇㪅㪉㪍
㪇㪅㪉㪉
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪈
㪇㪅㪉㪊

㪇㪅㪌㪎

㪇㪅㪊㪎

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪍

㪄㪇㪅㪊㪉

㪇㪅㪋㪎

㪇㪅㪊㪈

㪇㪅㪋㪉
㪇㪅㪌㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪌㪊
㪇㪅㪌㪈
㪇㪅㪋㪎
㪇㪅㪌㪇
㪇㪅㪋㪏
㪄㪇㪅㪊㪉
㪇㪅㪌㪇
㪇㪅㪌㪈
㪇㪅㪌㪉
㪇㪅㪌㪎
㪇㪅㪌㪈
㪇㪅㪋㪇
㪇㪅㪋㪐

㪇㪅㪉㪎
㪇㪅㪊㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪇㪅㪉㪍
㪇㪅㪊㪈
㪇㪅㪉㪎
㪇㪅㪉㪐
㪇㪅㪉㪐
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪉
㪇㪅㪊㪈
㪇㪅㪊㪈
㪇㪅㪊㪇
㪇㪅㪊㪈
㪇㪅㪉㪎
㪇㪅㪉㪍
㪇㪅㪉㪍

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪋
㪇㪅㪉㪍
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪏
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪎
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪊
㪇㪅㪇㪉

㪄㪇㪅㪉㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪏
㪇㪅㪉㪐
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪌
㪄㪇㪅㪊㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪉
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪍
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪊
㪇㪅㪊㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪊㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪌
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪌
㪄㪇㪅㪊㪇
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪎
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪉
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪇

㪇㪅㪊㪏
㪇㪅㪋㪈
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪈
㪇㪅㪋㪎
㪇㪅㪋㪏
㪇㪅㪋㪊
㪇㪅㪋㪋
㪇㪅㪊㪎
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪎
㪇㪅㪋㪋
㪇㪅㪋㪈
㪇㪅㪋㪊
㪇㪅㪌㪉
㪇㪅㪋㪎
㪇㪅㪊㪋
㪇㪅㪋㪊

㪇㪅㪈㪉
㪇㪅㪉㪋
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪌
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪈㪐
㪇㪅㪈㪏
㪇㪅㪈㪐
㪇㪅㪊㪍
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪍
㪇㪅㪈㪌
㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪇㪅㪈㪍
㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪇㪅㪈㪌

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪐

㪄㪇㪅㪊㪇

㪇㪅㪉㪋

㪇㪅㪋㪍

㪄㪇㪅㪉㪍

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪏

㪇㪅㪍㪉

㪇㪅㪊㪐

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪉

㪄㪇㪅㪊㪏

㪇㪅㪌㪊

㪇㪅㪉㪊

㪇㪅㪊㪊
㪇㪅㪊㪎
㪇㪅㪌㪋
㪇㪅㪍㪐
㪇㪅㪋㪇
㪇㪅㪊㪈

㪇㪅㪉㪏
㪇㪅㪉㪇
㪇㪅㪊㪇
㪇㪅㪊㪐
㪇㪅㪉㪐
㪇㪅㪉㪐

㪄㪇㪅㪇㪍
㪇㪅㪇㪇
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪌
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪊
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪎
㪄㪇㪅㪇㪏

㪄㪇㪅㪈㪊
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪇
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪐
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪐
㪄㪇㪅㪉㪐
㪄㪇㪅㪈㪐

㪇㪅㪉㪉
㪇㪅㪉㪉
㪇㪅㪊㪋
㪇㪅㪋㪋
㪇㪅㪊㪎
㪇㪅㪉㪌

㪇㪅㪌㪎
㪇㪅㪊㪐
㪇㪅㪉㪐
㪇㪅㪊㪋
㪇㪅㪉㪍
㪇㪅㪉㪊 −  −

ዤᐲߣࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ࡮ஜᐽ࡮ࡄࡈࠜ࡯ࡑࡦࠬ

ߩฦዤᐲߪዋᢙߩ㗄⋡ߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ߽ߩ

ߣߩ2GCTUQP⋧㑐ଥᢙࠍ⴫ߦ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬߇ᄙ޿߇ǩା㗬ᕈଥᢙߪ߶ߣࠎߤߩዤᐲߢ ‫ߩ੹ޟ‬⡯႐ߪ‫ࠬ࠽ࠗࡑߩߤߥࠬ࡟࠻ࠬޔ‬⦟ᅢߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᄙߊߩዤᐲᓧὐߢ⡯⒳ߩ᦭

ὐߣ઀੐ߩ߿ࠅ߇޿ߥߤߩࡊ࡜ࠬὐࠍ✚วᗧߥലᨐ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩᏅ

ߔࠆߣ‫ࠬ࡜ࡊޔ‬ὐ߇߹ߐߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߪߢޠ‬⇣ࠍ㍈ᢅߦ᷹ቯߢ߈ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬࿃ሶࡢ࡯ࠢ࡮ࠛࡦࠥࠗࠫࡔࡦ࠻㧔એਅ᜝ᒐౝ2G

ಽᨆߩ⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬࿃ሶ᭴ㅧ߇᭎ߨዤᐲ᭴ᚑߦኻ

CTUQP⋧㑐ଥᢙ㧦㧕‫࡞࠮࡮ࠢ࡯ࡢޔ‬ᔕߒߡ޿ߚ‫઀ޕ‬੐‫ޔ‬⡯႐‫⇣ߚߞ޿ߣ❱⚵ޔ‬ࡈ࡮ࡃ࡜ࡦࠬ ઀੐ψኅᐸ㧦ࡐࠫ࠹ࠖࡉ

ߥࠆ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩዤᐲ߇޽ࠆ߇‫࡟ߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬㧔㧕‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩ৻૕ᗵ ࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞࡮

ࡌ࡞ࠍ෻ᤋߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬࿃ሶ⊛ᅷᒰᕈ߇⏕⹺ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞ 㧔㧕‫ޔ‬୘ੱߩዅ㊀㧔ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ዤᐲߣࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ࡮ஜᐽ࡮ࡄࡈࠜ࡯

㧕ߣߩ⋧㑐߇․ߦ㜞߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ࡑࡦࠬߣߩ㜞޿⋧㑐߇⹺߼ࠄࠇ‫ࠖ࠹ࠫࡐޔ‬‫⥄ޟ‬ಽߩஜᐽ⁁ᘒߪࠃ޿‫࡯ࡢޔߪߢޠ‬ࡉߥⷐ࿃߿ࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉߥⷐ࿃ߩᓇ㗀ࠍ⹏ଔࠢ࡮࠮࡞ࡈ࡮ࡃ࡜ࡦࠬ ઀੐ψኅᐸ㧦ࡐࠫߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⡯႐ߢᵴ↪ߔࠆߚ࠹ࠖࡉ 㧔㧕‫ࡔࠫࠗࠥࡦࠛ࡮ࠢ࡯ࡢޔ‬߼ߦߪ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ㗄⋡ࠍ೥ᷫߒߡታ↪ᕈࠍ㜞ࡦ࠻㧔㧕‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩ৻૕ᗵ ࠰࡯ࠪࡖ߼ࠆߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬࡞࡮ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞ 㧔㧕ߣߩ⋧㑐߇㜞߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㧱㧚⚿⺰‫⥄ޟ‬ಽߩ⡯႐ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᔃߩஜᐽ໧㗴ߩߚ߼ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ੍஻⺞ᩏ⺞ሶ߇ᖡ߆ߞߚࠅ‫ޔ‬ભࠎߢ޿ࠆੱ߇޿ࠆ‫ޠ‬࠺࡯࠲ߦၮߠ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ା㗬ᕈ࡮ᅷᒰᕈ߅ࠃ

ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᖱ✜⊛⽶ᜂ㧔㧕‫ޔ‬ᓎഀ⪾⮮㧔߮⸃ᨆ⚿ᨐࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ǩା㗬ᕈଥᢙߪ⡯ߩ㧕‫࠻ࡦࡔࠬ࡜ࡂޔ‬㧔㧕ߣߩ⋧㑐߇㜞ਇ቟ቯᕈ㧔቟ቯႎ㈽㧕ߢ߿߿ૐ߆ߞߚ߇ߘ

߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ߩઁߩዤᐲߩǩା㗬ᕈଥᢙߪߔߴߡએ

‫ߩ੹ޟ‬⡯႐ߢ௛޿ߡ޿ࠆߣ‫ߜ߁ߩߘޔ‬ஜ਄ߢ޽ࠅ⦟ᅢߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬࿃ሶಽᨆߦࠃࠅ࿃

ᐽࠍ៊ߨߡߒ߹޿ߘ߁ߛ‫࡮ࠢ࡯ࡢޔߪߢޠ‬ሶ⊛ᅷᒰᕈ߇⏕⹺ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟

࠮࡞ࡈ࡮ࡃ࡜ࡦࠬ ઀੐ψኅᐸ㧦ࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߪ‫઀ޔ‬੐‫ޔ‬⡯႐‫ࡌ࡟ߩ❱⚵ޔ‬ࡉ 㧔㧕‫ޔ‬ᖱ✜⊛⽶ᜂ㧔㧕‫ޔ‬ᓎഀ࡞ߢ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߦ㑐ߔࠆᄙ᭽ߥ஥㕙ߩ⪾⮮㧔㧕ߣߩ⋧㑐߇㜞߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬Ꮕ⇣߿ᓇ㗀ࠍ൮᜝⊛ߦ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻‫ࠍࠬ࡟࠻ࠬޟ‬ᛴ߃ㄟ߹ߥ޿ߢߔ߻⡯႐ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ߦᵴ↪

ߛ‫઀ ࠬࡦ࡜ࡃ࡮ࡈ࡞࠮࡮ࠢ࡯ࡢޔߪߢޠ‬ߔࠆߎߣ߇ᦼᓙߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬੐ψኅᐸ㧦ࡐࠫ࠹ࠖࡉ 㧔㧕‫ޔ‬୘ੱߩዅ㊀㧔㧕‫ޔ‬਄มߩ౏ᱜߥᘒᐲ㧔㧕㧲㧚ஜᐽෂ㒾ᖱႎߣߩ⋧㑐߇㜞߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ߥߒ‫ޕ‬‫઀ޟ‬੐ߩࡄࡈࠜ࡯ࡑࡦࠬ‫ⷙޔߪߢޠ‬ቯߐࠇߚ⡯ോߩㆀⴕ㧔㧕‫ޔ‬ഃㅧᕈߩ⊒ើ㧳㧚⎇ⓥ⊒⴫

㧔㧕‫᦭ߩࡊ࡯࡞ࠣޔ‬⢻ᗵ㧔㧕ߣߩߥߒ‫ޕ‬⋧㑐߇㜞߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㧴㧚⍮⊛⽷↥ᮭߩ಴㗿࡮⊓㍳⁁ᴫ㧰㧚⠨ኤ ߥߒ‫ޕ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ੍஻⺞ᩏ−  −ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲෘ↢ഭ௛⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌ഭ௛቟ో✚ว⎇ⓥ੐ᬺ‫ޟ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᶐㅘᚻᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ‫ޠ‬㧔*ഭ௛৻⥸㧕ਥછ㧦Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ㧕⎇ⓥදജႎ๔ᦠ
㧞㧚ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ㐿⊒㧞㧕ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿୥⵬ዤᐲߩఝవ㗅૏⎇ⓥදജ⠪ ੗਄ ᓆ⤿ ᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮㒮↢ਥછ⎇ⓥ⠪ Ꮉ਄ ᙗੱ ᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ᢎ᝼
ಽᜂ⎇ⓥ⠪ ਅశ ノ৻ ᧲੩ක⑼ᄢቇ౏ⴐⴡ↢ቇ⻠ᐳ࡮ᢎ᝼ႇ  ᣿⚐ ↥ᬺක⑼ᄢቇ↥ᬺකታോ⎇ୃ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯࡮ᢎ᝼
ේ⼱ 㓉ผ ⁛┙ⴕ᡽ᴺੱഭ௛቟ోⴡ↢✚ว⎇ⓥᚲ࡮ㇱ㐳ศᎹ  ᔀ ⽷࿅ᴺੱഭ௛⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ࡮೽ᚲ㐳ፉᵤ ᣿ੱ ᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ಎᢎ᝼
⎇ⓥදജ⠪ ዊ↰ಾఝሶ ᧲੩ක⑼ᄢቇ౏ⴐⴡ↢ቇ⻠ᐳ࡮⻠Ꮷᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬⷐ࿃ࠍ୘ੱ࡟ࡌ࡞߆ࠄ⚵❱࡟ࡌ࡞߹ߢ‫ޔ‬൮᜝⊛ߦ⹏ଔߢ߈ࠆ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ⺞ᩏ␿㧔એਅ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⺞ᩏ␿ߣߔࠆ㧕ߩ㐿⊒ࠍㅴ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟ࡨᐕ⸘↹ߩ㧞ᐕ⋡ߢ޽ࠆᧄᐕᐲ
ߪ‫ޔ‬ᤓᐕᐲ૞ᚑߒߚ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⺞ᩏ␿ߩࡊ࡟࠹ࠬ࠻ ߦ฽߼ߚ㗄⋡ࠍ⛉ࠅㄟ߻ߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߦ‫↥ޔ‬ᬺ଻ஜࠬ࠲࠶
ࡈ߿ੱ੐ഭോᜂᒰ⠪╬ࠍኻ⽎ߦ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⺞ᩏ␿ߩࡊ࡟࠹ࠬ࠻ ߦ฽߼ߚ᭎ᔨߩ߁ߜ‫ޟޔ‬㊀ⷐߣᕁ߁߽ߩ‫߅ޠ‬ࠃ߮‫ޟ‬ਇⷐ࡮૶޿ߦߊ޿ߣᕁ߁߽ߩ‫ࠍޠ‬᜼ߍߡ޿ߚߛߊ㨃㧱㧮ࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻ࠍታᣉߒߚ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬ᨐ‫ޔ‬ᐔᚑ
23 ᐕ㧞᦬ᧃ߹ߢߦ‫ޔ‬ว⸘ 103 ฬߩ࿁╵߇ᓧࠄࠇߚ‫ޟޕ‬㊀ⷐߣᕁ߁߽ߩ‫ߣޠ‬࿁╵ߒߚഀว߇ᦨ߽㜞߆ߞߚ᭎ᔨߪ‫઀ޟ‬੐ߩᗧ⟵‫ޔߢޠ‬ᰴ޿ߢ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬⡯႐ߩ৻૕ᗵ㧔࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞㧕‫ޠ‬‫ޟޔ‬ᓎഀ᣿⏕ߐ࡮ᦌᤒߐ‫ޠ‬ߢ޽ߞߚ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ਇⷐ࡮૶޿ߦߊ޿ߣᕁ߁߽ߩ‫ߣޠ‬࿁╵ߒߚഀว߇ᦨ߽㜞߆ߞߚ㗄⋡ߪ‫ޟ‬ᣂᄸᕈ‫ޔߢޠ‬ᰴ޿ߢ‫ޔ‬‫੍ޟ‬᷹น⢻ᕈ‫ޔޠ‬‫ޟ‬ᚻ⛯߈ߩ౏ᱜᕈ‫ޕߚߞ޽ߢޠ‬ఝవ㗅૏ 10 ૏߹ߢߦ޽ߍࠄࠇߚዤᐲ㧔᜝ᒐౝߪ㗅૏㧕ߪ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߩᗧ⟵㧔1㧕‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩ৻૕ᗵ㧔࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞࡮ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞㧕㧔2㧕‫ޔ‬ᓎഀ᣿⏕ߐ࡮ᦌᤒߐ‫౏ޔ‬ᱜߥੱ੐⹏ଔ㧔3.5㧕‫ޔ‬਄มߩ౏ᱜߥᘒᐲ㧔5㧕‫ޔ‬਄มߩ࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ㧔6㧕‫ޔ‬୘ੱߩዅ㊀㧔7㧕‫ࡔࠬ࡜ࡂޔ‬ࡦ࠻(8)‫ࠆ߃ࠄ߽ߡ߼߶ޔ‬⡯႐㧔9㧕‫ޔ‬ᖱ✜⊛⽶ᜂ㧔10㧕ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޔߪ࠲࡯࠺ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ
◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩዤᐲߩਛ߆ࠄᦨ⚳୥⵬ࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆෳ⠨ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬㧭㧚ߪߓ߼ߦ ࠊ߇࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߪჇടߩ௑ะߦ޽ࠅ‫ᧂߩߘޔ‬ὼ㒐ᱛ㧔╙৻ᰴ੍㒐㧕ߪഭ૶෺ᣇߦߣߞߡఝవ㗅૏ߩ㜞޿⺖㗴ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫⎇ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޕ‬ⓥߢ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ
࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩ㧝ߟߣߒߡ‫ޟޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺ
╬ߩ⹏ଔߣᡷༀߩታᣉ‫⑼ޔߪޠ‬ቇ⊛᦭ലᕈ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧔Ꮉ਄, 2002; Semmer, 2006㧕‫ߩߘޔ‬ታᣉ࠷࡯࡞ߣߒߡ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿㧔ਅశࠄ,
2000㧕߅ࠃ߮઀੐ߩࠬ࠻࡟್ࠬቯ࿑㧔Ꮉ਄ࠄ,
2000㧕߇㐿⊒ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫࡯࠷ߩࠄࠇߎޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬࡞ߪ㐿⊒߆ࠄ 10 ᐕ߇⚻ㆊߒ‫ޔ‬Ԙ઀੐਄ߩႎ㈽߿
⚵❱ߩ౏ᱜᕈߥߤߩ㊀ⷐߥࠬ࠻࡟ࠬⷐ࿃ࠍ⹏ଔ
ߢ߈ߡ޿ߥ޿ߎߣ‫ޔ‬ԙᬺ⒳‫ޔ‬⡯⒳‫ޔ‬㓹↪ᒻᘒ㧔㕖ᱜⷙ㓹↪ࠍ฽߻㧕ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚ⹏ଔ࡮್ቯ߇ߢ߈ߥ
޿ߎߣߥߤߩ⺖㗴߇޽ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫⻉ࡄ࠶ࡠ࡯࡛ޔ‬࿖ߢߪ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬⷐ࿃ࠍ୘ੱ࡟ࡌ࡞߆ࠄ⚵❱࡟ࡌ࡞߹ߢ‫ޔ‬൮᜝⊛ߦ⹏ଔ࡮್ቯߔࠆขࠅ⚵ߺ߇ⴕࠊࠇߪߓ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫⺞ᧄޔߢߎߘޕ‬ᩏ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫ޔ‬ߎࠇ߹ߢߩ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿㧔એਅ‫ޔ‬ᣥ⺞ᩏ␿ߣߔࠆ㧕ߦᣂߚߦ㗄⋡ࠍㅊടߒ‫࠶ࡠ࡯࡛ޔ‬ࡄ⻉࿖ߣห᭽‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬⷐ࿃ࠍ୘ੱ࡟ࡌ࡞
߆ࠄ⚵❱࡟ࡌ࡞߹ߢ‫ޔ‬൮᜝⊛ߦ⹏ଔߢ߈ࠆ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ⺞ᩏ␿㧔એਅ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⺞ᩏ␿ߣߔࠆ㧕ߩ㐿⊒ࠍㅴ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟ࡨᐕ⸘↹ߩ㧞ᐕ⋡ߢ޽ࠆᧄᐕᐲߪ‫ޔ‬ᤓᐕᐲ૞ᚑߒߚ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⺞ᩏ␿ߩࡊ࡟࠹ࠬ࠻ ߦ฽߼ߚ㗄⋡ࠍ⛉ࠅㄟ߻ߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߦ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ࡙࡯ࠩ࡯ߣߒߡᗐቯߐࠇࠆ↥ᬺ଻ஜࠬ࠲
࠶ࡈ߿ੱ੐ഭോᜂᒰ⠪╬ࠍኻ⽎ߦ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⺞ᩏ␿ߩࡊ࡟࠹ࠬ࠻ ߦ฽߼ߚ᭎ᔨߩ߁ߜ‫ޟޔ‬㊀ⷐߣᕁ߁߽
ߩ‫ޟ߮ࠃ߅ޠ‬ਇⷐ࡮૶޿ߦߊ޿ߣᕁ߁߽ߩ‫ࠍޠ‬᜼ߍߡ޿ߚߛߊ㨃㧱㧮ࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻ࠍታᣉߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧮㧚⎇ⓥߩᣇᴺ
㧝㧚ᣂ⺞ᩏ␿ߩࡊ࡟࠹ࠬ࠻ ߦ฽߼ߚ᭎ᔨ ᤓᐕᐲ૞ᚑߒߚ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⺞ᩏ␿ߩࡊ࡟࠹ࠬ࠻ ߪ‫ޔ‬‫ࠬ࡟࠻ࠬޟ‬Ḯ࡮⾗Ḯ‫ߦޠࡓࠞ࠻࠙ࠕޟ߮ࠃ߅ޠ‬㑐ߔࠆ᭎ᔨࠍ฽߻㗄⋡ߢ૞ᚑߐࠇߚ‫ޔߜ߁ߩߎޕ‬‫ࠬޟ‬࠻࡟ࠬḮ࡮⾗Ḯ‫ߦޠ‬㑐ߔࠆ᭎ᔨߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ฦ᭎ᔨ߇⌕⋡ߒߡ޿ࠆᲑ㓏ߦᔕߓߡ‫ޟ‬૞ᬺ࡮⺖㗴࡟ࡌ࡞‫ޔޠ‬‫࡮ࡊ࡯࡞ࠣޟ‬ኻੱ㑐ଥ࡟ࡌ࡞‫ޔޠ‬‫ޠ࡞ࡌ࡟❱⚵ޟ‬ߩ㧟Ბ㓏ߦಽ㘃ߒߚ‫ޟޕ‬૞ᬺ࡮⺖㗴࡟ࡌ࡞‫ߒߣޠ‬−  −

ߡ฽߼ߚ᭎ᔨߪ‫઀ޟޔ‬੐ߩᗧ⟵‫ޟޔޠ‬ᖱ✜⊛⽶ᜂ‫ޔޠ‬‫ޟ‬ᓎഀ⪾⮮‫ޠ‬‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᓎഀ᣿⏕ߐ࡮ᦌᤒߐ‫ޠ‬‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᚑ㐳ߩᯏ
ળ‫ޟޔޠ‬ᣂᄸᕈ‫੍ޟޔޠ‬᷹น⢻ᕈ‫ߩޠ‬㧣᭎ᔨ‫࡞ࠣޟޔ‬࡯ࡊ࡮ኻੱ㑐ଥ࡟ࡌ࡞‫ߡߒߣޠ‬฽߼ߚ᭎ᔨߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬⡯႐ߩ৻૕ᗵ㧔࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞࡮ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞㧕‫ޔޠ‬‫⚻ޟ‬ᷣ࡮
࿾૏ႎ㈽‫ޔޠ‬‫ޟ‬ዅ㊀ႎ㈽‫ޠ‬‫ޔ‬‫ޔޠ࠻ࡦࡔࠬ࡜ࡂޟ‬‫ޟ‬਄มߩ࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ‫ޔޠ‬‫ޟ‬਄มߩ౏ᱜߥᘒᐲ‫ޔޠ‬‫߼߶ޟ‬‫࡯࡞ࠣޟ‬
ߡ߽ࠄ߃ࠆ⡯႐‫ޔޠ‬‫ޟ‬ᄬᢌࠍ⹺߼ࠆ⡯႐‫ޔޠ‬ࡊߩ᦭⢻ᗵ‫ޠ‬‫ޟޔ‬⡯ߩਇ቟ቯᕈ㧔቟ቯႎ㈽㧕‫ ߩޠ‬10᭎ᔨ‫ޔ‬‫ߡߒߣޠ࡞ࡌ࡟❱⚵ޟ‬฽߼ߚ᭎ᔨߪ‫ޔ‬‫⚻ޟ‬༡ጀߣߩା㗬㑐ଥ‫ޔޠ‬‫ޟ‬ᄌൻ߳ߩኻᔕ‫ޠ‬‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᚻ⛯߈ߩ౏
ᱜᕈ‫ޔޠ‬‫ޟ‬୘ੱߩዅ㊀‫ޔޠ‬‫౏ޟ‬ᱜߥੱ੐⹏ଔ‫ޔޠ‬‫ޟ‬ᄙ᭽ߥഭ௛⠪߳ߩኻᔕ‫ࠕ࡝ࡖࠠޟޔޠ‬ᒻᚑ‫࡮ࠢ࡯ࡢޟޔޠ‬࠮࡞ࡈ࡮ࡃ࡜ࡦࠬ‫ߩޠ‬㧤᭎ᔨ‫ߣޠࡓࠞ࠻࠙ࠕޟޔ‬ߒߡ฽߼ߚ᭎ᔨߪ‫ⷙޟ‬ቯߐࠇߚ⡯ോߩㆀⴕ‫ޔޠ‬‫ޟ‬ഃ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬Ⓧᭂ⊛ߥቇ⠌‫ޔޠ‬‫ࠥࡦࠛ࡮ࠢ࡯ࡢޟ‬ㅧᕈߩ⊒ើ‫ޠ‬ࠗࠫࡔࡦ࠻‫ߩޠ‬㧠᭎ᔨߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㧞㧚㨃㧱㧮ࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻ߩ૞ᚑߣ࿁╵ߩ൐㓸 ↥ᬺ଻ஜࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߥߤߦ‫ޔ‬2010 ᐕ㧡᦬ߩ╙
83 ࿁ᣣᧄ↥ᬺⴡ↢ቇળ㧔⑔੗㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆ⥄↱㓸ળ‫ޟ‬⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟࡙ࠬ࡯ࠩ࡯࠭ࠢ࡜ࡉ‫⻠߿ޠ‬Ṷળߥߤߢෳട⠪ߦଐ㗬ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᗧ⷗⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒߚ‫⺞ޕ‬ᩏߪᐔᚑ 22 ᐕ㧡㨪ᐔᚑ 23 ᐕ㧞᦬߹ߢታᣉߒߚ‫ޕ‬ࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⺞ᩏ␿ߩࡊ࡟࠹ࠬ࠻ ߦ฽߼ߚ 29 ᭎ᔨߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬㊀ⷐߣᕁ߁߽ߩ‫߮ࠃ߅ޠ‬‫ޟ‬ਇⷐ࡮૶޿ߦߊ޿ߣᕁ߁߽ߩ‫࠴߽ߢߟߊ޿ߦޠ‬ࠚ࠶ࠢࠍ޿ࠇߡ߽ࠄߞߚ‫ޕ‬㊀ⷐߣ⠨߃ߚ⠪ߩੱᢙ߆ࠄਇⷐߣ⠨߃ߚ⠪ߩੱᢙࠍᒁ޿ߚᢙሼࠍᜰᮡ
ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ዤᐲ୥⵬ߩఝవ㗅૏ࠍߟߌࠆߎߣߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬߹ߚᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߦߟ޿ߡߩ⥄↱ᗧ⷗߽෼㓸ߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧯㧚⚿ᨐ㧝㧚࿁╵⠪ߩၮᧄዻᕈ ᐔᚑ 23 ᐕ㧞᦬ᧃ߹ߢߦว⸘ 103 ฬߩ࿁╵߇ᓧࠄࠇߚ㧔⴫㧝㧕‫ޕ‬࿁╵⠪ߩ⡯⒳ߣߒߡᦨ߽ᄙ߆ߞ
ߚߩߪ⋴⼔⡯ߢ‫ޔ‬ᰴ޿ߢ‫▤↢ⴡޔ‬ℂ⠪ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫↥ޔ‬ᬺ଻ஜࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ߿ੱ੐ഭോᜂᒰ⠪એᄖߩ⡯⒳ߩᣇ߆ࠄ߽‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩ࿁╵߇ነߖࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬࿁╵⠪ߩᜂᒰ੐ᬺ႐ߩᬺ⒳ߣߒߡᦨ߽ᄙ߆ߞߚߩߪ‫ޔ‬⵾ㅧᬺߢ‫ޔ‬ᰴ޿ߢ‫ޔ‬ක≮࡮⑔␩ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㧞㧚ฦ㗄⋡ߩ㊀ⷐᐲ
㊀ⷐߣߒߚ⠪ߩഀว㧔㧑㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬30 ዤᐲߩᐔဋ߇
42%‫ޔ‬ᮡḰ஍Ꮕ 13㧑ߢ޽ࠅ‫ᦨޔ‬㜞 72%‫ᦨޔ‬ૐ 18%ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ਇⷐߣ࿁╵ߒߚ⠪ߩഀว㧔㧑㧕ߪᐔဋ
10%‫ޔ‬ᮡḰ஍Ꮕ 6%‫ᦨޔ‬ᄢ 31%‫ᦨޔ‬ૐ 2%ߢ޽ߞߚ㧔⴫㧞㧕‫ޕ‬ ‫ࠬ࡟࠻ࠬޟ‬Ḯ࡮⾗Ḯ‫ޟߩޠ‬૞ᬺ࡮⺖㗴࡟ࡌ࡞‫ޠ‬ߦಽ㘃ߐࠇߚ᭎ᔨߩ߁ߜ‫ޟޔ‬㊀ⷐߣᕁ߁߽ߩ‫ߣޠ‬࿁╵ߒߚഀว߇ᦨ߽㜞߆ߞߚ᭎ᔨߪ‫઀ޟ‬੐ߩᗧ⟵‫ޔߢޠ‬ᰴ޿ߢ‫ޟޔ‬ᓎഀ᣿⏕ߐ࡮ᦌᤒߐ‫ߞ޽ߢޠ‬ߚ‫࡮ࡊ࡯࡞ࠣޟޕ‬ኻੱ㑐ଥ࡟ࡌ࡞‫ߦޠ‬ಽ㘃ߐࠇߚ᭎ᔨߩ߁ߜ‫ޟޔ‬㊀ⷐߣᕁ߁߽ߩ‫ߣޠ‬࿁╵ߒߚഀว߇ᦨ߽㜞߆ߞߚ᭎ᔨߪ‫ޟ‬⡯႐ߩ৻૕ᗵ㧔࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞࡮ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞㧕‫ޔߢޠ‬ᰴ޿ߢ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬਄มߩ࡝࡯࠳࡯
ࠪ࠶ࡊ‫ޔߚ߹ޕߚߞ޽ߢޠ‬‫ޟ߿ޠ࠻ࡦࡔࠬ࡜ࡂޟ‬਄มߩ౏ᱜߥᘒᐲ‫ޔ߽ޠ‬ඨᢙએ਄ߩੱ߇㊀ⷐߥ᭎ᔨߣ࿁╵ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ߦޠ࡞ࡌ࡟❱⚵ޟޕ‬ಽ㘃ߐࠇߚ᭎ᔨߩ߁ߜ‫ޟޔ‬㊀ⷐߣᕁ߁߽ߩ‫ߣޠ‬࿁╵ߒߚഀว߇
ᦨ߽㜞߆ߞߚ᭎ᔨߪ‫౏ޟ‬ᱜߥੱ੐⹏ଔ‫ޕߚߞ޽ߢޠ‬‫ߦޠࡓࠞ࠻࠙ࠕޟ‬ಽ㘃ߐࠇߚ᭎ᔨߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫޿ޔ‬ߕࠇߩ᭎ᔨ߽㧟㨪㧠ഀߩੱ߇㊀ⷐߣ࿁╵ߒߡ޿ߚ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޟޔ‬ਇⷐ࡮૶޿ߦߊ޿ߣᕁ߁߽ߩ‫ߣޠ‬࿁╵ߒߚഀว߇ᦨ߽㜞߆ߞߚ㗄⋡ߪ‫ޟ‬ᣂᄸᕈ‫ޔߢޠ‬ᰴ޿ߢ‫੍ޟޔ‬᷹น⢻ᕈ‫ޟޔޠ‬ᚻ⛯߈ߩ౏ᱜᕈ‫޽ߢޠ‬ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ఝవ㗅૏ 10 ૏߹ߢߦ޽ߍࠄࠇߚዤᐲߪ‫ޔ‬એਅߩࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠆ㧦઀੐ߩᗧ⟵㧔1‫ޔ‬᜝ᒐౝߪ㗅૏‫ޔ‬એਅห᭽㧕‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩ৻૕ᗵ㧔࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞࡮ࠠࡖࡇ
࠲࡞㧕㧔2㧕‫ޔ‬ᓎഀ᣿⏕ߐ࡮ᦌᤒߐ‫౏ޔ‬ᱜߥੱ੐⹏
ଔ㧔3.5㧕‫ޔ‬਄มߩ౏ᱜߥᘒᐲ㧔5㧕‫ޔ‬਄มߩ࡝࡯࠳
࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ㧔6㧕‫ޔ‬୘ੱߩዅ㊀㧔7㧕‫(࠻ࡦࡔࠬ࡜ࡂޔ‬8)‫ޔ‬߶߼ߡ߽ࠄ߃ࠆ⡯႐㧔9㧕‫ޔ‬ᖱ✜⊛⽶ᜂ㧔10㧕‫ޕ‬ ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⥄↱ᗧ⷗ߢߪ‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏ␿ߦኻߔࠆᦼᓙߩ৻ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬㗄⋡ᢙ߇Ⴧടߔࠆߎߣߦኻߔࠆਇ቟߿◲ଢߥ ߽ឭଏߒߡ߶ߒ޿ߣߩᗧ⷗߇ߺࠄ߃ߚ㧔⴫㧟㧕‫ޕ‬D㧚⠨ኤ 㧟ࡨᐕ⸘↹ߩ㧞ᐕ⋡ߢ޽ࠆᧄᐕᐲߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⺞ᩏ␿ߩࡊ࡟࠹ࠬ࠻ ߦ฽߼ߚ᭎ᔨߩ߁ߜ‫ޟޔ‬㊀ⷐߣᕁ߁߽ߩ‫ޟ߮ࠃ߅ޠ‬ਇⷐ࡮૶޿ߦߊ޿ߣᕁ߁߽ߩ‫ޠ‬ࠍ᜼ߍߡ޿ߚߛߊ㨃㧱㧮ࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻ࠍታᣉߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ‫ࠬ࡟࠻ࠬޟ‬Ḯ࡮⾗Ḯ‫ޟߩޠ‬૞ᬺ࡮⺖㗴࡟ࡌ࡞‫ޠ‬ߦಽ㘃ߐࠇߚ᭎ᔨߢߪ‫઀ޟޔ‬੐ߩᗧ⟵‫߇ޠ‬㊀ⷐߣ
࿁╵ߒߚഀว߇ᦨ߽㜞߆ߞߚ‫⛎ޕ‬ᢱߥߤߩᄖ⊛ߥ
ႎ㈽ࠍᓧࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ‫ޔ‬ᄖ⊒⊛േᯏߦၮߠ
޿ߡᬺോࠍㆀⴕߔࠆߎߣࠃࠅ߽‫⥄ޔ‬りߢ઀੐ߩᗧ
⟵ࠍ⷗಴ߒ‫ޔ‬ౝ⊒⊛േᯏߦၮߠ޿ߡᬺോࠍㆀⴕߔ
ࠆߎߣ߇ࠃࠅ㊀ⷞߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ௑ะߦ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޟޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᓎഀ᣿⏕ߐ࡮ᦌᤒߐ‫⚂߽ޠ‬㧢ഀߩੱ߇㊀ⷐߣ࿁╵ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޟޕ‬ᓎഀᦌᤒߐ‫ߪޠ‬
NIOSH ߩ ⡯ ᬺ ᕈ ࠬ ࠻ ࡟ ࠬ ࡕ ࠺ ࡞ 㧔 Hurrell &McLaney, 1988㧕ߩ‫઀ޟ‬੐ߩࠬ࠻࡟࠶ࠨ࡯‫ߡߒߣޠ‬᜼ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔ‬ฎౖ⊛ߥ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬⷐ࿃ߢ
޽ࠆ߇‫઀ޟޔ‬੐ߩᗧ⟵‫ߦߊߣ߇ޠ‬㊀ⷞߐࠇߚ੹࿁
ߩ⚿ᨐࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆߣ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬㧔઀੐ߩ⾗Ḯߣߒߡߩ㧕ᓎഀ᣿⏕ߐ‫߇ޠ‬㊀ⷞߐࠇߚ⚿ᨐߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ‫࡮ࡊ࡯࡞ࠣޟ‬ኻੱ㑐ଥ࡟ࡌ࡞‫ߦޠ‬ಽ㘃ߐࠇߚ᭎ᔨߢߪ‫ޟޔ‬⡯႐ߩ৻૕ᗵ㧔࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞࡮ࠠࡖࡇ࠲
࡞㧕‫߇ޠ‬㊀ⷐߣ࿁╵ߒߚഀว߇ᦨ߽㜞߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᣂ⺞ᩏ␿ߢߪ‫ޟޔ‬⡯႐ߩ৻૕ᗵ㧔࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞࡮ࠠࡖ
ࡇ࠲࡞㧕‫ࠍޠ‬ਛᩭ᭎ᔨߣ૏⟎ઃߌߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߩ⃻႐ߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫ߩߘޔ‬㊀ⷐᕈ߇⹺⼂ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎ

−  −

ߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚ‫ޟޔߚ߹ޕ‬਄มߩ࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ
࠶ࡊ‫ޔޠ‬‫ޟ‬਄มߩ౏ᱜߥᘒᐲ‫ޔޠ‬‫߽ޠ࠻ࡦࡔࠬ࡜ࡂޟ‬ඨᢙએ਄ߩੱ߇㊀ⷐߣ࿁╵ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ࡦࡔࠬ࡜ࡂޕ‬࠻ߩේ࿃ߪ਄มߦ㒢ቯߐࠇߥ޿߇‫ߩࠇߕ޿ޔ‬᭎ᔨ߽‫ޔ‬਄มߩᘒᐲߦ߆߆ࠊࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬਄มߩᘒᐲ߇‫ޔ‬ㇱਅߩ⡯ോㆀⴕᗧ᰼߿ᔃりߩஜᐽߦᓇ㗀ࠍ
ਈ߃ࠆ㊀ⷐߥ᭎ᔨߣ⹺⼂ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ
߆ߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ‫ߦޠ࡞ࡌ࡟❱⚵ޟ‬ಽ㘃ߐࠇߚ᭎ᔨߢߪ‫౏ޟޔ‬ᱜߥੱ੐⹏ଔ‫߇ޠ‬㊀ⷐߣ࿁╵ߒߚഀว߇ᦨ߽㜞߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㓹↪ᒻᘒߩᄙ᭽ൻߦ઻߁‫ޔ‬ਇ቟ቯ㓹↪໧㗴߇ᷓೞൻߒߡ޿ࠆᤓ੹ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬‫౏ޟ‬ᱜߥੱ੐⹏ଔ‫ޠ‬
ߪ㊀ⷐߥ᭎ᔨߦߥࠆߎߣ߇੍ᗐߐࠇ‫࡯ࠤࡦࠕᧄޔ‬࠻ߩ⚿ᨐ߽‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬⢛᥊ࠍ෻ᤋߒߚ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ৻ᣇߢ‫ޟޔ‬ᣂᄸᕈ‫੍ޟޔޠ‬᷹น⢻ᕈ‫ޟޔޠ‬ᚻ⛯߈ߩ౏ᱜᕈ‫ߩߤߥޠ‬㗄⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬ਇⷐ‫ߊߦ޿૶ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬޿ߣ࿁╵ߒߚഀว߇㜞߆ߞߚ‫ޟޕ‬ᣂᄸᕈ‫޿ߟߦޠ‬ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᓧὐ߇㜞޿ߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ߒ޿ߎߣߥߩ߆‫ᦸޔ‬߹ߒߊߥ޿ߎߣߥߩ߆߇್ᢿߒߦߊߊ‫⃻ޔ‬႐ߢߪ૶޿ߦߊ޿ߣ࿁╵ߒߚഀว߇㜞߆ߞߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫੍ޟޕ‬᷹น⢻ᕈ‫⎇ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔߪߡ޿ߟߦޠ‬ⓥߢ‫ޔ‬ᔃℂ⊛ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߣߩ᣿⏕ߥ㑐ㅪ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇ
ߡ޿ߥ޿ߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ਇⷐߣᗵߓߚ࿁╵⠪߇ᄙ߆ߞߚน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ‫ޟޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᚻ⛯߈ߩ౏ᱜᕈ‫ޔߪޠ‬৻⽾ᕈ‫ޔ‬ઍ⴫ᕈ‫ୃޔ‬ᱜน⢻ᕈߥߤߩ᭽‫࡞࡯࡞ߥޘ‬ࠍ฽ࠎߛ‫ޔ‬᏷ᐢ޿᭎ᔨߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏ␿ߢ᷹ቯߒߡ߽‫ౕޔ‬૕⊛ߥ⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߦ⚿߮ߟߌߦߊߊ‫ߣ޿ߊߦ޿૶ޔ‬ᗵߓߚ࿁╵⠪߇ᄙ߆ߞߚน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᣂ⺞ᩏ␿ߪ‫ޔ‬ᣥ⺞ᩏ␿ߦㅊടߒߡ૶↪ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫ߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬᷹ቯߔࠆߎߣ߇㔍ߒ߆ߞߚ‫ࠣޔ‬࡞࡯ࡊ࡮ኻੱ㑐ଥ߅ࠃ߮⚵❱ߦ⌕⋡ߒߚࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ
Ḯ࡮⾗Ḯ߿‫ࠍࡓࠞ࠻࠙ࠕߥࡉࠖ࠹ࠫࡐޔ‬᷹ቯߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈‫ࠅࠃޔ‬൮᜝⊛ߦ⡯႐ⅣႺߩ⹏ଔ࡮ᛠី
߇น⢻ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫⃻ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬႐ߢࠃࠅ◲ଢߦ૶↪ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆߦߪ‫ࠅࠃޔ‬㊀ⷐᐲߩ㜞޿᭎ᔨࠍᱷߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬㗄⋡ࠍ⛉ߞߡ޿ߊᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎࠇࠄߩ࠺࡯࠲ߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩዤᐲߩਛ߆ࠄᦨ⚳୥⵬ࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆၮ⋚ߣߥࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫↱⥄ޔ‬ᗧ⷗߆ࠄߪ‫ޔ‬㗄⋡ᢙߩჇടߦኻߔ
ࠆ ᔨ‫␠ޔ‬ౝႎߦߢ߽૶↪ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߥ◲ଢߥࡃ࡯࡚ࠫࡦࠍ᳞߼ࠆჿ߇޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᔃℂ᷹ቯ⊛ߥ᧦ઙࠍḩߚߔᦨૐ㧞㨪㧟㗄⋡ߩ⾰໧ࠍ฽߻ዤᐲߦࠃࠆᮡḰ ߦട߃ߡ‫ޔ‬㧝㗄⋡ߢ⺞ᩏน⢻ߥ⍴❗ ߩ૞ᚑ߽ᬌ⸛⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧱㧚ஜᐽෂ㒾ᖱႎ ⹥ᒰߖߕ‫ޕ‬㧲㧚⎇ⓥ⊒⴫ ߥߒ㧳㧚⍮⊛⽷↥ᮭߩ಴㗿࡮⊓㍳⁁ᴫ㧔੍ቯࠍ฽߻㧕 ⹥ᒰߖߕ‫ޕ‬−  −

⴫㧝㧚࿁╵⠪ߩၮᧄዻᕈ (N = 103)
ၮᧄዻᕈ

ੱᢙ

⡯⒳
↥ᬺක

9

⋴⼔⡯

24

ᔃℂ⡯

11

ੱ੐ഭോᜂᒰ⠪9ഭ௛ⴡ↢ࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠲ࡦ࠻

2

ⴡ↢▤ℂ⠪

18

ߘߩઁ

29

ή࿁╵

1

ᜂᒰ੐ᬺ႐ߩᬺ⒳
ㄘᨋ᳓↥ᬺ

1

㋶ᬺ

0

ᑪ⸳ᬺ

3

⵾ㅧᬺ

21

㔚᳇࡮ࠟࠬ࡮ᾲଏ⛎࡮᳓㆏ᬺ

2

ᖱႎㅢାᬺ

9

ㆇャᬺ࡮ㇷଢᬺ

3෈ᄁᬺ࡮ዊᄁᬺ

7㊄Ⲣᬺ࡮଻㒾ᬺ8ਇേ↥ᬺ࡮‛ຠ⾓⾉ᬺ

0ቇⴚ⎇ⓥ࡮ኾ㐷࡮ᛛⴚࠨ࡯ࡆࠬᬺ

7

ኋᴱᬺ࡮㘶㘩ᐫ1↢ᵴ㑐ㅪࠨ࡯ࡆࠬᬺ࡮ᇅᭉᬺ

1ᢎ⢒ቇ⠌ᡰេᬺ

6

ක≮࡮⑔␩

12

ⶄวࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ੐ᬺ

1ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬᬺ㧔ઁߦಽ㘃ߐࠇߥ޿߽ߩ㧕

7

౏ോ

9

ߘߩઁ

4

ή࿁╵

1




−  −

⴫㧞㧚ᣂ⺞ᩏ␿ߩࡊ࡟࠹ࠬ࠻

ߦ฽߼ߚ᭎ᔨߩ߁ߜ‫ޟޔ‬㊀ⷐߣᕁ߁߽ߩ‫ޟޔޠ‬ਇⷐ࡮૶޿ߦߊ޿ߣᕁ߁

߽ߩ‫ߣޠ‬࿁╵ߒߚੱᢙ (N = 103; ⶄᢙ࿁╵น)
᭎ᔨ

ఝవ㗅

㊀ⷐ

㧔㧑㧕

ਇⷐ

㧔㧑㧕

઀੐ߩᗧ⟵











ᖱ✜⊛⽶ᜂ











ᓎഀ⪾⮮











ᓎഀ᣿⏕ߐ࡮ᦌᤒߐ











ᚑ㐳ߩᯏળ











ᣂᄸᕈ











੍᷹น⢻ᕈ











૏̪

㧨ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬḮ࡮⾗Ḯ㧪૞ᬺ࡮⺖㗴࡟ࡌ࡞

ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ࡮ኻੱ㑐ଥ࡟ࡌ࡞

⡯႐ߩ৻૕ᗵ㧔࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞࡮ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞㧕











⚻ᷣ࡮࿾૏ႎ㈽











ዅ㊀ႎ㈽











ࡂ࡜ࠬࡔࡦ࠻











਄มߩ࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ











਄มߩ౏ᱜߥᘒᐲ











߶߼ߡ߽ࠄ߃ࠆ⡯႐











ᄬᢌࠍ⹺߼ࠆ⡯႐











ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩ᦭⢻ᗵ











⡯ߩਇ቟ቯᕈ㧔቟ቯႎ㈽㧕











⚵❱࡟ࡌ࡞

⚻༡ጀߣߩା㗬㑐ଥ











ᄌൻ߳ߩኻᔕ











ᚻ⛯߈ߩ౏ᱜᕈ











୘ੱߩዅ㊀











౏ᱜߥੱ੐⹏ଔ











ᄙ᭽ߥഭ௛⠪߳ߩኻᔕ











ࠠࡖ࡝ࠕᒻᚑ











ࡢ࡯ࠢ࡮࠮࡞ࡈ࡮ࡃ࡜ࡦࠬ











㧨ࠕ࠙࠻ࠞࡓ㧪ⷙቯߐࠇߚ⡯ോߩㆀⴕ











ഃㅧᕈߩ⊒ើ











Ⓧᭂ⊛ߥቇ⠌





















ࡢ࡯ࠢ࡮ࠛࡦࠥࠗࠫࡔࡦ࠻

̪㊀ⷐߣᕁ߁ੱᢙߣਇⷐߣᕁ߁ੱᢙߩᏅߦၮߠ޿ߡዤᐲߦ㗅૏ࠍߟߌߚ‫ޕ‬ห㗅૏ߪ㗅૏ߩᐔဋࠍ␜
ߒߚ‫ޕ‬−  −

⴫㧟 ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߦኻߔࠆ⥄↱ᗧ⷗⃻⺞ᩏ␿ߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢᄌ᦭ലߦᵴ↪ߐߖߡ޿ߚߛ޿ߡ߅ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬୘ੱߦࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢߔࠆ਄ߢ‫ޔ‬᳇ߠ߈ߩଦㅴ
߇ߢ߈‫ోޔ‬࿖ᐔဋߣ޿߁Ყセኻ⽎ߪ‫ޔ‬㕖Ᏹߦቴⷰ⊛ߦࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ࠍㅴ߼ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᣂ⺞ᩏ␿ߦ߽ᦼᓙߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫߅ߊߒࠈࠃޕ‬㗿޿޿ߚߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦࡊ࡜ࡦ߳ߟߥ߉߿ߔߊ‫┙ࡦ࡜ࡊޔ‬᩺ߩࡅࡦ࠻ߦߥࠆࠃ߁ߥ⸳໧ߢ޽ࠆߣ૶޿߿ߔ޿ߣᕁ޿߹ߒ
ߚ‫ޕ‬ᢙ୘ߩ㗄⋡ ઀੐ߩ⾰࡮㊂‫ޔ‬ኻੱ㑐ଥ‫ޔ‬ಣㆄ╬ ߦಽߌߚᣇ߇ಽ߆ࠅᤃ޿ࠃ߁ߦᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬⡯႐ᵴᕈᐲ⺞ᩏ⊛ߥዤᐲࠍㅊടߐࠇࠆߣߩߎߣߢᦼᓙߒߡ߅ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬⺞ᩏࠍ⡯႐ߢ⚻ᐕ⊛ߦታᣉߒߡ޿ߊߦߪ࿁╵㗄⋡߇ዋߥߊߔࠆߦߎߒߚߎߣߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ߇‫ߔ߿ߒ⛯⛮ޔ‬޿⺞ᩏ␿ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍᏗᦸߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬⾰໧ᢙ߇ᄙ޿ߣ࿁╵₸߇ૐਅߔࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫␠ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ౝߢߪ␠ౝ㘑࿯⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᣂⷙߩ⸳໧ߪ㊀ⶄߔࠆ㗄⋡߽ᄙ޿ߣᗵߓ߹ߔ‫ߢ࠻࡯ࠤࡦࠕߩⴕ⃻ޕ‬⡯ᬺߩ⽶⩄߇ࠣ࡟࡯㩉㩨㩧ߩ႐วߦੑᰴ⊛ߥࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻ߣߔࠆᵴ↪ᣇᴺߪ᦭ലߢ޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦᗵߓ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬; ࡢ࡯ࠢ㨯࠮࡞ࡈ㨯ࡃ࡜ࡦࠬߩ⾰໧ߪ‫ߚߞ޽ޔ‬ᣇ߇⦟޿ߣᕁ߁߇‫⸳ޔ‬໧ߩ઀ᣇߪⷐᬌ⸛‫ޕ‬⍮⊛ߦ޽߹ࠅ㜞ߊߥ޿ᣇ߽೑↪ߔࠆߚ߼‫⸳ޔ‬໧ߪ߽ߞߣಽ߆ࠅ߿ߔߊߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫઀ޟޕ‬੐਄ߢࠬ࠻࡟ࠬࠍᗵߓߡ޿ࠆ߆‫ߩޠ‬㗄⋡ࠍ౉ࠇߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ኅᣖߩᡰ߃߇޽ߞߚᤨ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߩࠬ࠻࡟߽ࠬシᷫߒ߹ߔ‫ࠍࠇߘޕ‬෻ᤋߢ߈ࠆ⺞ᩏ␿ߦߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ᑷ␠ߢߪ‫▤ޔ‬ℂ⡯㨪Ḱ␠ຬ‫ޔ‬ᐕ㦂߽㧝㧜ઍᓟඨ㨪㧢㧜ઍ㧔㧢㧡ᱦቯᐕ㧕ߣ᏷ᐢ޿⡯૏࡮ᐕ㦂ጀߩ⠪ࠍኻ⽎ߦታᣉߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬㗄⋡㧔㧰‫ޔ‬㧵╬㧕ߦࠃߞߡߪή⸥౉ߩ⏕₸߇㜞޿ߣ੍ᗐߐࠇࠆ㧔․ߦḰ␠ຬ㧕‫ޕ‬ㅒߦ‫ޔ‬⴫ߦ಴ߦߊ޿ኻੱ㑐ଥ╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆ㗄⋡㧔㨖㨪㧺㧕ߪᤚ㕖ട߃ߡ޿ߚߛ߈ߚ޿ߣᕁࠊࠇߚ‫ޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬੹ߩ㧡㧣㗄⋡߆ࠄჇ߃ࠆ੐ߦߥࠇ߫‫ⵍޔ‬㛎⠪߳ߩ⽶ᜂ߇ ᔨߐࠇࠆߣߎࠈߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬ળ␠‫ޟ߿ޠ‬਄ม‫⥄߇ޠ‬ಽߦ૗ࠍߒߡߊࠇࠆ߆ߣ޿߁ઁ⠪ଐሽ⊛ߥ⾰໧௑ะ߇⃻ઍ␠ળࠍ⴫ߒߡ޿ߡਇㆡ
ಾߛߣᕁ߁‫⃻ߩࠬࡀࠫࡆޕ‬႐ߢߎࠇએ਄ߩઁ⠪ଐሽࠍ⸵ኈߔࠆߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬࿖ജߣߞߡࡑࠗ࠽ࠬߢ޽ࠆ‫ߞ߽ޕ‬ߣ‫ޔ‬ේὐߦᚯࠅ‫⥄ޔ‬ಽ߇૗ࠍߢ߈ࠆ߆‫ߦ߼ߚߩߘޔ‬૗ࠍߒߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠍ໧޿‫ߦੱઁޔ‬૗߆ߒߡ߽ࠄ߁ߩߢߪ
ߥߊ‫⥄ޔ‬ಽߢ઀੐ߩᗧ⟵ࠍ૞ࠅ಴ߒ‫ޔ‬ᗵߓࠆࠃ߁ߥ㗄⋡߇ᦸ߹ߒ޿ߣᗵߓࠆ‫ޕ‬E‫ޠࠆ߉ߥߺޟ‬⒟ᐲߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬௑ะ߇ߺࠄࠇࠇ߫⦟޿ߩߢߪ‫ޕ‬ᄙ᭽ߥഭ௛⠪߇หߓ઀੐ࠍߒߡ޿ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬㕖ᱜⷙ߿ࠕ࡞ࡃࠗ࠻߆ࠄഭ௛ኻଔ࡮ႎ㈽࡮ᓙㆄߦኻߔࠆਇḩ߇ᄙߊ⡞߆ࠇࠆ‫ޟޕ‬ᄙ᭽ߥഭ௛⠪߇ዅ㊀ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޔߪߣޠ‬ਇḩ߇ߥ޿⡯႐ࠍᗧ๧ߒߡ޿ࠆߩ
߆㧫ᗧ๧߇ℂ⸃ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬਄มߦࠃࠆᓇ㗀ߛߌߢߥߊ‫ޔ‬ห௥߿ㇱਅߦ߽⹥ᒰߔࠆ㗄⋡߇᰼ߒ޿‫ޕ‬ਛ㑆▤ℂ⡯ߦ⹥ᒰߔࠆ㓏ጀ߽ᄙߊ‫ޔ‬߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ㇱਅߩࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߦ⧰ᘦߔࠆࠤ࡯ࠬ߇ᄙߊ⊒↢ߒߡ޿ࠆߚ߼‫ߩ࠻ࡦࡔࠬ࡜ࡂޕ‬㗄⋡ࠍߎߩ⺞ᩏ␿ߦ฽߼ࠆ႐ว‫ޔ‬ኻ⽎⠪ߩ․ቯࠍ᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆࠤ࡯ࠬ߇Ⴧ߃ࠆߎߣ߇ᗐቯߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᤨቱࠍᓧߚࠃ޿⎇ⓥߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᄢᄌ߅਎⹤ߦߥߞߡ߅ࠅ߹ߔ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷‫ࠆ޿ߡ޿ߛߚ޿ߡߖߐ↪૶ࠍ࠻ࡈ࠰࡯࡝ࡈޔ‬ᰴ╙ߢߏߑ޿߹ߔ‫ޔߛߚޕ‬⺑᣿ᦠࠍ୘‫ޔߺ⺒߇ੱޘ‬࿁╵ߔࠆߦߪᤨ㑆߇߆߆ࠅߔ߉ࠆߣ⠨߃‫✬ࠍࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊޔ‬ᚑߒ⺑᣿ᦠࠍ⺒߹ߕߣ߽◲ᤃߦࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢࠍᣉⴕߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦᡷༀߐߖߡ޿ߚߛ߈߹ߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᐲߩᡷᱜߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᄙᄢߥࠆᦼᓙࠍߒߡ޿ࠆᚲሽߢߪߏߑ޿߹ߔ߇‫ޔ‬㗄⋡ᢙߩჇടߦࠃࠅỗോߩਛߢࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢࠍߔࠆ૛⵨߇ߥ
޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣ߽ᔨ㗡ߦ߅޿ߡᡷᱜߒߡ޿ߚߛ߈ߚ޿ߣߣ߽ߦ‫⺑ޔ‬᣿ᦠߥߤࠍ⺒߹ߕߣ߽୘‫◲߇ੱޘ‬ᤃߦࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢࠍⴕ߃ࠆࠃ߁ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍ⚵ࠎߢ޿ߚߛߊࠃ߁ᡷᱜߒߡ޿ߚߛߌࠆߣ‫◲ࠬ࡟࠻ࠬߩߎޔ‬ᤃ␿ߩ೑↪⠪߽Ⴧ߃‫᦭ߦᦝޔ‬ലߥ߽ߩߦߥࠆߣᕁࠊࠇ߹ߔ‫ߏޕ‬ᬌ⸛ߩ⒟ࠃࠈߒߊ߅㗿޿޿ߚߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬⚵❱߇⚵❱ߣߒߡᯏ⢻ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ৻ቯߩ⛔೙߇ᔅⷐߣ߽⠨߃߹ߔߩߢ‫⛔ޔ‬೙ߘߩ߽ߩߩሽ࿷⥄૕ࠍౕวߩ
ᖡ޿ߎߣߣߩශ⽎ߢฃߌขࠄࠇࠆ⴫⃻ߪㆱߌ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩᵴജࠍ೥ߋࠃ߁ߥ⃻ࠇᣇࠍߒߡ޿ߥ޿߆⸙ߊ⴫⃻߇ࠃ޿ߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ⠨߃߹ߔ‫ޕ‬౏ോຬߣ᳃㑆ડᬺߢߪᔅⷐߥ⾰໧㗄⋡߇⇣ߥࠆߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬⺞ᩏ␿ߩ⾰໧㗄⋡ߪᔅⷐߦߒߡචಽߩౝኈߣ޿߁ශ⽎ߢߔ߇‫ߥ߹ߑ߹ߐࠍࠇߎޔ‬႐㕙㧔଀߃߫␠ౝႎߢ޽
ࠆߣ߆ஜ଻⚵วߩᯏ㑐⹹ߥߤ㧕ߢ߽ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬᐢႎߩ౉ࠅญߩ⾗ᢱߣߒߡ૶↪ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߥ‫◲ޟ‬ᤃ ‫ޠ‬߽૞ᚑ޿ߚߛߌࠆߣ‫↪૶ޔ‬ᇦ૕ߦᔕߓߡߩ◲ᤃ⊛ߥ૶↪߇น⢻ߣߥࠅ߹ߔ‫◲ޕ‬ᤃ ߩ૞ᚑࠍߗ߭߅㗿޿ߢ߈ࠇ߫ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬−  −ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲෘ↢ഭ௛⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌ഭ௛቟ో✚ว⎇ⓥ੐ᬺ‫ޟ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᶐㅘᚻᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ‫ޠ‬㧔*ഭ௛৻⥸㧕ਥછ㧦Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ㧕ಽᜂ⎇ⓥႎ๔ᦠ
㧞㧚ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ㐿⊒㧟㧕ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ዤᐲߩᮡḰൻߩߚ߼ߩో࿖⺞ᩏਥછ⎇ⓥ⠪ Ꮉ਄ ᙗੱ ᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ᢎ᝼
ಽᜂ⎇ⓥ⠪ ႇ  ᣿⚐ ↥ᬺක⑼ᄢቇ↥ᬺකታോ⎇ୃ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯࡮ᢎ᝼ፉᵤ ᣿ੱ ᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ಎᢎ᝼
ਅశ ノ৻ ᧲੩ක⑼ᄢቇ౏ⴐⴡ↢ቇ⻠ᐳ࡮ᢎ᝼
ේ⼱ 㓉ผ ⁛┙ⴕ᡽ᴺੱഭ௛቟ోⴡ↢✚ว⎇ⓥᚲ࡮ㇱ㐳ศᎹ  ᔀ ⽷࿅ᴺੱഭ௛⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ࡮೽ᚲ㐳⎇ⓥදജ⠪ ዊ↰ಾఝሶ ᧲੩ක⑼ᄢቇ౏ⴐⴡ↢ቇ⻠ᐳ࡮⻠Ꮷ੗਄ ᓆ⤿ ᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮㒮↢ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ୥⵬ዤᐲߩᮡḰൻߩߚ߼ߦ‫߇ࠊޔ‬࿖ߩഭ௛⠪ߩઍ⴫ࠨࡦࡊ࡞ߦኻߒߡ
⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᄙᲑ㓏᛽಴ጀൻή૞ὑ᛽಴ߦࠃࠅ‫ోޔ‬࿖ߩઍ⴫ࠨࡦࡊ࡞ߣߥࠆᣣᧄ࿖☋ࠍᜬߟ 20 ᱦએ਄ 60 ᱦએਅߩ↵ᅚ࿾ၞ૑᳃㧡ජੱࠍ᛽಴ߒߚ‫ޕ‬2011 ᐕ 2 ᦬ 18 ᣣ߹ߢߦ 2384 ฬ߆ࠄ᦭ല࿁╵ࠍ෼㓸ߒߚ㧔࿁෼₸ 47.7㧑㧕‫ޕ‬2384 ฬߩ᦭ല࿁╵⠪ਛ‫↪ⵍޔ‬⠪ߪ↵ᕈ 847 ฬ‫ޔ‬ᅚᕈ 786 ฬߢ޽ߞߚ‫ోޕ‬࿖⺞ᩏߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ୥⵬ዤᐲߣߒߡ(1) ૞ᬺ࡮⺖㗴࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬḮ࡮⾗Ḯ㧔㧥ዤᐲ㧕‫(ޔ‬2) ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ࡮ኻੱ㑐ଥ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬḮ࡮⾗Ḯ㧔10 ዤᐲ㧕‫(ޔ‬3) ⚵❱࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬḮ࡮⾗Ḯ㧔㧥ዤᐲ㧕‫( ޔ‬4) ࠕ࠙࠻ࠞࡓ㧔㧡ዤᐲ㧕ࠍ૶↪ߒߚ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷ߩ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿߽⺞ᩏ␿ߦ฽߼ߚ‫ߩⴕ⃻ޕ‬⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩዤᐲᓧὐߩ↵ᅚ೎ᐔဋ୯‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ୥⵬ዤᐲᓧὐߩ↵ᅚ೎ᐔဋ୯ࠍ⸘▚ߒߚ‫ޔߪ࠲࡯࠺ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ್ቯᣇᴺ
ࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆၮᧄߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬㧭㧚ߪߓ߼ߦ ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿㧔એਅ‫ޔ‬ᣥ⺞ᩏ␿ߣߔࠆ㧕ߦᣂߚߦ㗄⋡ࠍㅊടߒ‫⻉ࡄ࠶ࡠ࡯࡛ޔ‬࿖ߣห᭽‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬⷐ
࿃ࠍ୘ੱ࡟ࡌ࡞߆ࠄ⚵❱࡟ࡌ࡞߹ߢ‫ޔ‬൮᜝⊛ߦ⹏ଔߢ߈ࠆ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ⺞ᩏ␿㧔એਅ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⺞ᩏ␿ߣߔࠆ㧕ࠍ㐿⊒ߒ‫ޔ‬ᮡḰൻߩߚ߼ߩో࿖
⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᤓᐕᐲ߹ߢߦᣂ⺞ᩏ␿ߦ฽߼ࠆ㗄⋡ࠍㆬቯߒ‫࠻ࠬ࠹࡟ࡊޔ‬ࠍ૞ᚑߒߡ੍஻⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧟ࡨᐕ⸘↹ߩ㧞ᐕ⋡ߢ޽ࠆᧄᐕᐲߪ‫ޔ‬ᤓᐕᐲ⎇ⓥߢ޽ߍࠄࠇߚ
ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ୥⵬ዤᐲࠍ↪޿ߡో࿖⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒ‫↵ߩߘޔ‬ᅚ೎ᮡḰ୯ࠍ᳞߼ߚ‫ޕ‬㧮㧚⎇ⓥߩᣇᴺ
㧝㧚୥⵬ዤᐲߩᮡḰൻᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ୥⵬ዤᐲߩᮡ
Ḱൻߩߚ߼ߦ‫߇ࠊޔ‬࿖ߩഭ௛⠪ߩઍ⴫ࠨࡦࡊ࡞ߦ
ኻߒߡ⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒߚ‫ޕ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩઍ⴫ࠨࡦࡊ࡞ࠍ
⋥ធ᛽಴ߔࠆᣇᴺ߇ߥ޿ߚ߼‫ోޔ‬࿖ߩઍ⴫ࠨࡦࡊ
࡞ࠍή૞ὑ᛽಴ߒߡ⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬࿁╵⠪߆ࠄⵍ↪⠪ߩ࿁╵ࠍㆬᛯߔࠆߎߣߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬⺞ᩏߪਛᄩ⺞ᩏ␠ߦᆔ⸤ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᄙᲑ㓏᛽಴ጀൻή૞ὑ᛽಴ߦࠃࠅ‫ోޔ‬࿖ߩઍ⴫ࠨࡦࡊ࡞ߣߥࠆᣣ
ᧄ࿖☋ࠍᜬߟ 20 ᱦએ਄ 60 ᱦએਅߩ↵ᅚ࿾ၞ૑᳃

㧡ජੱࠍ᛽಴ߒߚ‫ޕ‬2010 ᐕ 11 ᦬ 25 ᣣߦ 5000ฬߦኻߒߡ⺞ᩏ␿ࠍㅍઃߒߚ‫ޕ‬2010 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 16ᣣ߹ߢߦᧂ࿁╵ߛߞߚ 3386 ฬߦࡂࠟࠠߦࠃࠅ〈ଦࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬2011 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 11 ᣣߦߪᧂ࿁╵ߩ 2940
ฬߦ⺞ᩏ␿ࠍౣㅍߒߚ‫ޕ‬2011 ᐕ 2 ᦬ 18 ᣣ߹ߢߦ2400 ฬ߆ࠄ⺞ᩏ␿ࠍ࿁෼ߒߚ‫᦭ߜ߁ޕ‬ല࿁෼ᢙߪ 2384 ฬ㧔࿁෼₸ 47.7㧑㧕ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ήല⺞ᩏ
␿ 16 ␿ߩౝ⸶ߪ‫ޔ‬㊀ⶄ࿁╵㧞ઙ㧔หߓኻ⽎⠪߆
ࠄ 2 ㅢߩ㄰ㅍ޽ࠅ㧕‫ޔ‬ID ․ቯਇ⢻㧢ઙ㧔⇟ภಾࠅขࠅ‫⇟ޔ‬ภႣࠅߟ߱ߒ㧕‫␿⊕ޔ‬㧣ઙ‫ޔ‬ᰳ␿ 1 ઙ㧔⸥౉ਇ஻㧕ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㧞㧚ᣂ◲ᤃ ⺞ᩏ␿ߩዤᐲ ੹࿁‫ోޔ‬࿖⺞ᩏߦ૶↪ߒߚᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ୥⵬ዤᐲߪ(1) ૞ᬺ࡮⺖㗴࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠬ
࠻࡟ࠬḮ࡮⾗Ḯ㧔㧥ዤᐲ㧕‫(ޔ‬2) ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ࡮ኻੱ㑐ଥ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬḮ࡮⾗Ḯ㧔10 ዤᐲ㧕‫(ޔ‬3) ⚵❱࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬḮ࡮⾗Ḯ㧔㧥ዤᐲ㧕ߢ޽ࠆ‫߹ޕ‬ߚᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߦ฽߼ࠆ߆ߤ߁
߆ᧂቯߢ޽ࠆ߇(4) ࠕ࠙࠻ࠞࡓ㧔㧡ዤᐲ㧕߽⺞ᩏߦ૶↪ߒߚ‫⃻ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬࿷ߩ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿߽⺞ᩏ␿ߦ฽߼ߚ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ዤᐲߩ⾰໧㗄‫߿ޟ‬⋡ߩ࿁╵ㆬᛯ⢇ߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޔޠߛ߁ߘޟ‬‫ޔޠߛ߁ߘ޽߹ޟ‬߿ߜ߇߁‫ޔޠ‬‫ߩޠ߁߇ߜޟ‬㧠Ბ㓏ߦ⛔৻ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ૶↪ߒߚᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ୥⵬
ዤᐲߪએਅߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬−  −

(1) ૞ᬺ࡮⺖㗴࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬḮ࡮⾗Ḯ઀੐ߩᗧ⟵㧔3 㗄⋡‫ޔ‬3-12 ὐ㧕ᬺോ⽶ᜂ㧔5 㗄⋡‫ޔ‬5-20 ὐ㧕ᖱ✜⊛⽶ᜂ㧔3 㗄⋡‫ޔ‬3-12 ὐ㧕઀੐ߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞㧔4 㗄⋡‫ޔ‬4-16 ὐ‫ߒߛߚޔ‬⃻ⴕ ߩ㧟㗄⋡ዤᐲߦ㧝㗄⋡ࠍㅊടߒߚ߽ߩ㧕ᓎഀ⪾⮮㧔3 㗄⋡‫ޔ‬3-12 ὐ㧕ᓎഀ᣿⏕ߐ㧔3 㗄⋡‫ޔ‬3-12 ὐ㧕ᚑ㐳ߩᯏળ㧔3 㗄⋡‫ޔ‬3-12 ὐ㧕ᣂᄸᕈ㧔3 㗄⋡‫ޔ‬3-12 ὐ㧕੍᷹น⢻ᕈ㧔3 㗄⋡‫ޔ‬3-12 ὐ㧕(2) ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ࡮ኻੱ㑐ଥ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬḮ࡮⾗Ḯ⡯႐ߩ৻૕ᗵ (࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞࡮ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞)㧔6 㗄⋡ ‫ޔ‬6-24 ὐ㧧5 㗄⋡ ‫ ޔ‬5-20 ὐ㧧3 㗄⋡ ‫ޔ‬3-12 ὐ㧕⚻ᷣ࡮࿾૏ႎ㈽㧔2 㗄⋡‫ޔ‬2-8 ὐ㧕ዅ㊀ႎ㈽㧔2 㗄⋡‫ޔ‬2-8 ὐ㧕ࡂ࡜ࠬࡔࡦ࠻㧔2 㗄⋡‫ޔ‬2-8 ὐ㧕਄มߩ࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ㧔3 㗄⋡‫ ޔ‬3-12 ὐ㧕਄มߩ౏ᱜߥᘒᐲ㧔3 㗄⋡‫ޔ‬3-12 ὐ㧕߶߼ߡ߽ࠄ߃ࠆ⡯႐㧔3 㗄⋡‫ޔ‬3-12 ὐ㧕ᄬᢌࠍ⹺߼ࠆ⡯႐㧔2 㗄⋡‫ޔ‬2-8 ὐ㧕ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩ᦭⢻ᗵ㧔3 㗄⋡‫ޔ‬3-12 ὐ㧕⡯ߩਇ቟ቯᕈ㧔3 㗄⋡‫ޔ‬3-12 ὐ㧕(3) ⚵❱࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬḮ࡮⾗Ḯ⚻༡ጀߣߩା㗬㑐ଥ㧔3 㗄⋡‫ޔ‬3-12 ὐ㧕ᄌൻ߳ߩኻᔕ㧔3 㗄⋡‫ޔ‬3-12 ὐ㧕ᚻ⛯߈ߩ౏ᱜᕈ㧔3 㗄⋡‫ޔ‬3-12 ὐ㧕୘ੱߩዅ㊀㧔3 㗄⋡‫ޔ‬3-12 ὐ㧕౏ᱜߥੱ੐⹏ଔ㧔3 㗄⋡‫ޔ‬3-12 ὐ㧕ᄙ᭽ߥഭ௛⠪߳ߩኻᔕ㧔3 㗄⋡‫ޔ‬3-12 ὐ㧕ࠠࡖ࡝ࠕᒻᚑ㧔5 㗄⋡‫ޔ‬5-20 ὐ㧕ࡢ࡯ࠢ࡮࠮࡞ࡈ࡮ࡃ࡜ࡦࠬ (ࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉ)㧔2 㗄⋡‫ޔ‬2-8 ὐ㧕ࡢ࡯ࠢ࡮࠮࡞ࡈ࡮ࡃ࡜ࡦࠬ (ࡐࠫ࠹ࠖࡉ) 㧔 2㗄⋡‫ޔ‬2-8 ὐ㧕(4) ࠕ࠙࠻ࠞࡓ
ⷙቯߐࠇߚ⡯ോߩㆀⴕ㧔3 㗄⋡‫ޔ‬3-12 ὐ㧕ഃㅧᕈߩ⊒ើ㧔3 㗄⋡‫ޔ‬3-12 ὐ㧕Ⓧᭂ⊛ߥቇ⠌㧔3 㗄⋡‫ޔ‬3-12 ὐ㧕ࡢ࡯ࠢ࡮ࠛࡦࠥࠗࠫࡔࡦ࠻㧔3 㗄⋡‫ޔ‬3-12 ὐ㧕઀੐ߩࡄࡈࠜ࡯ࡑࡦࠬ㧔1 㗄⋡‫ ޔ‬0-10 ὐ㧕D㧚⠨ኤ ᧄᐕᐲߪ‫ోޔ‬࿖⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟
ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ୥⵬ዤᐲߩ↵ᅚ೎ᐔဋ୯ࠍ▚಴ߒߚ‫ޔߪ࠲࡯࠺ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ್ቯᣇᴺࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆၮᧄߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬㧱㧚⚿⺰ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ୥⵬ዤᐲߩᮡ
Ḱൻߩߚ߼ߦ‫߇ࠊޔ‬࿖ߩഭ௛⠪ߩઍ⴫ࠨࡦࡊ࡞ߦ
ኻߒߡ⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᄙᲑ㓏᛽಴ጀൻή૞ὑ᛽
಴ߦࠃࠅ‫ోޔ‬࿖ߩઍ⴫ࠨࡦࡊ࡞ߣߥࠆᣣᧄ࿖☋ࠍ
ᜬߟ 20 ᱦએ਄ 60 ᱦએਅߩ↵ᅚ࿾ၞ૑᳃㧡ජੱࠍ᛽಴ߒߚ‫ޕ‬2011 ᐕ 2 ᦬ 18 ᣣ߹ߢߦ 2384 ฬ߆ࠄ᦭ല࿁╵ࠍ෼㓸ߒߚ㧔࿁෼₸ 47.7㧑㧕‫ޕ‬2384 ฬߩ᦭ല࿁╵⠪ਛ‫↪ⵍޔ‬⠪ߪ↵ᕈ 847 ฬ‫ޔ‬ᅚᕈ 786ฬߢ޽ߞߚ‫ోޕ‬࿖⺞ᩏߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ୥⵬ዤᐲߣߒߡ(1) ૞ᬺ࡮⺖㗴࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬḮ࡮⾗Ḯ㧔㧥ዤᐲ㧕‫(ޔ‬2) ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ࡮ኻ
ੱ㑐ଥ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬḮ࡮⾗Ḯ㧔10 ዤᐲ㧕‫(ޔ‬3) ⚵❱࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬḮ࡮⾗Ḯ㧔㧥ዤᐲ㧕‫( ޔ‬4) ࠕ࠙࠻ࠞࡓ㧔㧡ዤᐲ㧕ࠍ૶↪ߒߚ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷ߩ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿߽⺞ᩏ␿ߦ฽߼ߚ‫ߩⴕ⃻ޕ‬⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩዤᐲᓧὐߩ↵ᅚ೎ᐔဋ୯‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ୥⵬ዤᐲᓧὐ
ߩ↵ᅚ೎ᐔဋ୯ࠍ⸘▚ߒߚ‫ޔߪ࠲࡯࠺ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ್ቯᣇᴺࠍ᳿ቯ
ߔࠆၮᧄߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬㧲㧚ஜᐽෂ㒾ᖱႎ ⹥ᒰߖߕ‫ޕ‬㧳㧚⎇ⓥ⊒⴫
㧝㧚⺰ᢥ⊒⴫
Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ. ⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߩ࿖㓙ầᵹߣᣣᧄဳᨒ⚵ߺߩ⏕┙ߦะߌߡ. ↥ᬺ♖␹଻ஜ
18(4): 281-285, 2010.
ᳯญ ዏ. ⡯ၞߦ߅ߌࠆ࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞࡮ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞ߣஜ ᐽ ᓇ 㗀 . ↥ ᬺ ක ቇ ࠫ ࡖ ࡯ ࠽ ࡞ 34(2):94-99,2011.
㧴㧚⍮⊛⽷↥ᮭߩ಴㗿࡮⊓㍳⁁ᴫ㧔੍ቯࠍ฽߻㧕 ⹥ᒰߖߕ‫ޕ‬㧯㧚⚿ᨐ 2384 ฬߩ᦭ല࿁╵⠪ਛ‫↪ⵍޔ‬⠪ߪ↵ᕈ 847 ฬ‫ޔ‬
ᅚᕈ 786 ฬߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ၮᧄዻᕈࠍ⴫㧝ߦ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ⃻ⴕߩ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩዤᐲ
ᓧὐߩ↵ᅚ೎ᐔဋ୯ࠍ⴫㧞ߦ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ
◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ୥⵬ዤᐲᓧὐߩ↵ᅚ೎ᐔဋ୯ࠍ⴫
㧟ߦ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬−  −

⴫㧝 ઀੐ߣࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߦ㑐ߔࠆో࿖⺞ᩏ  ߦ߅ߌࠆⵍ↪⠪ߩၮᧄዻᕈ㧖ዻᕈ↵ᕈ 0 ᐔဋP   ᮡḰ஍Ꮕ ᐕ㦂 ᱦએਅ
 ᱦ ᱦ ᱦ ᱦએ਄⡯⒳
▤ℂ⡯ኾ㐷ᛛⴚ⡯੐ോ⡯༡ᬺ⽼ᄁ⡯ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ⡯ㆇャ࡮ㅢା⡯↢↥Ꮏ⒟࡮ഭോ⡯
ߘߩઁ
ή࿁╵
ኾ㐷⡯
ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡯ᛛⴚ⠪ዊቇᩞ‫ޔ‬ਛቇᩞ‫ޔ‬㜞ᩞߩᢎᏧ
කᏧ
⋴⼔Ꮷ
⑔␩ߩ߅઀੐
ᐫ⥩ߢߩ⽼ᄁࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ
਄⸥ߩ⡯ᬺߢߪߥ޿
ή࿁╵
㓹↪ᒻᘒ
⚻༡⠪࡮ᓎຬ
Ᏹᤨ㓹↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆᱜⷙ⡯ຬ࡮␠ຬᵷ㆜␠ຬ
ᄾ⚂␠ຬ࡮བྷ⸤
⥃ᤨ⡯ຬ࡮ࡄ࡯࠻࡮ࠕ࡞ࡃࠗ࠻
ߘߩઁ
ή࿁╵
㧝ࡨ᦬ߩ✚ഭ௛ᤨ㑆 ൕ߼వߩડᬺⷙᮨ
 ੱ ੱ ੱ ੱ ੱ ੱ ੱએ਄
ቭ౏ᐡ
ή࿁╵

−  −

ᅚᕈ 0 ᐔဋP  
ᮡḰ஍Ꮕ 

                                                                                                                                                          ⴫㧝㧔⛯߈㧕 ઀੐ߣࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߦ㑐ߔࠆో࿖⺞ᩏ  ߦ߅ߌࠆⵍ↪⠪ߩၮᧄዻᕈ㧖ዻᕈ↵ᕈ 0 ᐔဋP   ᮡḰ஍Ꮕ ൕ߼వߩ੐ᬺ႐ⷙᮨ
 ੱ ੱ ੱ ੱ ੱ ੱ ੱએ਄ή࿁╵ൕ߼వߩ੐ᬺ႐ߩᬺ⒳
ㄘᬺ‫ޔ‬ᨋᬺ‫ޔ‬Ṫᬺ
㋶ᬺ
ᑪ⸳ᬺ
⵾ㅧᬺ
㔚᳇࡮ࠟࠬ࡮᳓㆏ᬺ
ᖱႎㅢାᬺ
ㆇャᬺ෈ᄁ࡮ዊᄁᬺ
㊄Ⲣ࡮଻㒾ᬺਇേ↥ᬺ
⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷࡮ᛛⴚࠦࡦࠨ࡞ᬺ
ኋᴱ‫ޔ‬㘶㘩‫ޔ‬ᇅᭉᬺᢎ⢒‫ޔ‬ቇ⠌ᡰេᬺක≮‫␩⑔ޔ‬ߘߩઁࠨ࡯ࡆࠬᬺ
࿖߿⥄ᴦ૕ߩᯏ㑐ߘߩઁߩᬺ⒳
ή࿁╵

 

ᅚᕈ 0 ᐔဋP   ᮡḰ஍Ꮕ                                                                                                           ᱦએ਄૑᳃߆ࠄߩੑᲑ㓏ή૞ὑ᛽಴ߦኻߔࠆ⺞ᩏ㧔 ᐕ  ᦬߆ࠄ  ᐕ㧞᦬‫ޔ‬࿁╵₸ 㧑㧕߳ߩ࿁╵⠪߆ࠄⵍ↪⠪㧔ળ␠ߥߤ߆ࠄ⛎ਈࠍ߽ࠄߞߡ޿ࠆ⠪㧕ࠍ᛽಴ߒߚ

−  −

⴫㧞 ᣥ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩฦਅ૏㧔୥⵬㧕ዤᐲߩ↵ᅚ೎ో࿖ᐔဋ୯̐
ਅ૏㧔୥⵬㧕ዤᐲ㗄⋡ ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬⷐ࿃
ᔃℂ⊛ߥ઀੐ߩ⽶ᜂ ㊂ ᔃℂ⊛ߥ઀੐ߩ⽶ᜂ ⾰ ⥄ⷡ⊛ߥり૕⊛⽶ᜂᐲ઀੐ߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ᐲ
ᛛ⢻ߩᵴ↪ᐲ
⡯႐ߢߩኻੱ㑐ଥߢߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ
⡯႐ⅣႺߦࠃࠆࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ
઀੐ߩㆡᱜᐲ
௛߈߇޿ ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕ
ᵴ᳇ࠗ࡜ࠗ࡜ᗵ
∋ഭᗵ
ਇ቟ᗵ
ᛥ߁ߟᗵ
り૕ᗜ⸷
 ઁߩ࿃ሶ
਄ม߆ࠄߩࠨࡐ࡯࠻
ห௥߆ࠄߩࠨࡐ࡯࠻
ኅᣖ࡮෹ੱ߆ࠄߩࠨࡐ࡯࠻
઀੐߿↢ᵴߩḩ⿷ᐲ↵ᕈ 0 

ᅚᕈ 0 

㗄⋡ᢙ

ᓧὐ▸࿐





























































































































 






ᐔဋ

ᮡḰ஍Ꮕ  ᐔဋ̐ฦਅ૏ዤᐲᓧὐߪ‫ޔ‬ᓧὐ߇㜞޿߶ߤ‫ߩߘޔ‬㊂߇ᄢ߈޿ߎߣࠍ⴫ߔhᣥ㧟㗄⋡ ᔃℂ⊛ߥ઀੐ߩ⽶ᜂ ㊂

ߣᣂ 㧞㗄⋡ߩว⸘ᓧὐࠍ▚಴^^ᣥ㧟㗄⋡ ઀੐ߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ᐲ ߣᣂ㧝㗄⋡ߩว⸘ᓧὐࠍ▚಴−  −

ᮡḰ஍Ꮕ⴫㧟 ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩฦਅ૏୥⵬ዤᐲߩ↵ᅚ೎ో࿖ᐔဋ୯̐
ਅ૏㧔୥⵬㧕ዤᐲ㗄⋡㗄⋡ᢙ ૞ᬺ࡮⺖㗴࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬḮ࡮⾗Ḯ઀੐ߩᗧ⟵̑
ᬺോ⽶ᜂhᖱ✜⊛⽶ᜂ
઀੐ߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞^^


ᓎഀ⪾⮮


ᓎഀ᣿⏕ߐ
ᚑ㐳ߩᯏળ


ᣂᄸᕈ


੍᷹น⢻ᕈ ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ࡮ኻੱ㑐ଥ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬḮ࡮⾗Ḯ⡯႐ߩ৻૕ᗵ ࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞࡮ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞  㗄⋡  㗄⋡  㗄⋡ 
⚻ᷣ࡮࿾૏ႎ㈽


ዅ㊀ႎ㈽


ࡂ࡜ࠬࡔࡦ࠻
਄มߩ࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ
਄มߩ౏ᱜߥᘒᐲ
߶߼ߡ߽ࠄ߃ࠆ⡯႐ᄬᢌࠍ⹺߼ࠆ⡯႐ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩ᦭⢻ᗵ⡯ߩਇ቟ቯᕈ ⚵❱࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬḮ࡮⾗Ḯ⚻༡ጀߣߩା㗬㑐ଥᄌൻ߳ߩኻᔕ
ᚻ⛯߈ߩ౏ᱜᕈ
୘ੱߩዅ㊀
౏ᱜߥੱ੐⹏ଔ
ᄙ᭽ߥഭ௛⠪߳ߩኻᔕ
ࠠࡖ࡝ࠕᒻᚑ
ࡢ࡯ࠢ࡮࠮࡞ࡈ࡮ࡃ࡜ࡦࠬ ࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉ ࡢ࡯ࠢ࡮࠮࡞ࡈ࡮ࡃ࡜ࡦࠬ ࡐࠫ࠹ࠖࡉ  ࠕ࠙࠻ࠞࡓ
ⷙቯߐࠇߚ⡯ോߩㆀⴕ
ഃㅧᕈߩ⊒ើ

Ⓧᭂ⊛ߥቇ⠌ࡢ࡯ࠢ࡮ࠛࡦࠥࠗࠫࡔࡦ࠻
઀੐ߩࡄࡈࠜ࡯ࡑࡦࠬ

↵ᕈ 0 

ᓧὐ▸࿐

ᐔဋ

ᮡḰ஍Ꮕ  ᐔဋ





























































ᅚᕈ 0 
ᮡḰ஍Ꮕ







































































































 

̐ฦዤᐲᓧὐߪ‫ޔ‬ᓧὐ߇㜞޿߶ߤ‫ߩߘޔ‬㊂߇ᄢ߈޿ߎߣࠍ⴫ߔ㧚ߎࠇࠄߩዤᐲߪ୥⵬ߢ޽ࠅ‫⚳ᦨޔ‬ߦ฽߼ࠄࠇࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߪߎߩᲑ㓏ߢߪ߹ߛ᳿߹ߞߡ޿ߥ޿㧚−  −

⾗ᢱ ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ⺞ᩏ␿୥⵬ዤᐲ㧔ో࿖⺞ᩏ 㧕 ૞ᬺ࡮⺖㗴࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬḮ࡮⾗Ḯ㧭㧚޽ߥߚ⥄りߩ߅઀੐ߦߟ޿ߡ߁߆߇޿߹ߔ‫ߦߩ߽ࠆ߹ߪߡ޽߽ᦨޕ‬٤ࠍߟߌߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬
ߜ߿
߇߿
߁













ߜ
߇
߁



઀੐ߩᗧ⟵

ߘ߹
߁޽
ߛ




ߘ
߁
ߛ





⥄ಽߩ઀੐ߪᗧ๧ߩ޽ࠆ߽ߩߛ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⥄ಽߩ઀੐ߪ㊀ⷐߛߣᕁ߁

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

௛߈߇޿ߩ޽ࠆ઀੐ߛ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

ᬺോ⽶ᜂ㧔᜛ᒛ

㧕 ᣥ

ߩ㗄⋡









㕖Ᏹߦߚߊߐࠎߩ઀੐ࠍߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

ᤨ㑆ౝߦ઀੐߇ಣℂߒ߈ࠇߥ޿

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

৻↢ ๮௛߆ߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⥄ಽߩ⡯႐ߩഭ௛ᤨ㑆ߪ㐳޿

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⥄ಽߩ⡯႐ߪ޿ߟ߽ੱᚻਇ⿷ߛ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

ᖱ✜⊛⽶ᜂ









઀੐ߩ਄ߢ‫ޔ‬᳇ᜬߜ߿ᗵᖱ߇߆߈ੂߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇޽ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

ᗵᖱ㕙ߢ⽶ᜂߦߥࠆ઀੐ߛ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

ᗵᖱ⊛ߦᏎ߈ㄟ߹ࠇ߿ߔ޿઀੐ߛ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

઀੐ߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞㧔᜛ᒛ 㧕 ᣥ

ߩ㗄⋡









⥄ಽߩࡍ࡯ࠬߢ઀੐߇ߢ߈ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⥄ಽߢ઀੐ߩ㗅⇟࡮߿ࠅᣇࠍ᳿߼ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⡯႐ߩ઀੐ߩᣇ㊎ߦ⥄ಽߩᗧ⷗ࠍ෻ᤋߢ߈ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

ߤߩߊࠄ޿ᱷᬺ߿ભᣣ಴ൕߔࠆ߆⥄ಽߢ᳿߼ࠄࠇࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

ᓎഀ⪾⮮

⥄ಽ߇ᱜߒ޿ߣᕁ߁ߩߣߪ㆑ߞߚ߿ࠅᣇߢ઀੐ࠍߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿







㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

ⶄᢙߩੱ߆ࠄ߅੕޿ߦ⍦⋫ߒߚߎߣࠍⷐ᳞ߐࠇࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

චಽߥੱ߿ࡕࡁ߇ߥ޿߹߹઀੐ࠍഀࠅᒰߡࠄࠇࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠



ᓎഀ᣿⏕ߐ⥄ಽߩ⡯ോ߿⽿છ߇૗ߢ޽ࠆ߆ಽ߆ߞߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⥄ಽߦߤࠇߊࠄ޿ᮭ㒢߇޽ࠆߩ߆ߪߞ߈ࠅߒߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⥄ಽߩ઀੐ߢ૗ࠍߔࠆߴ߈߆ߦߟ޿ߡ⺑᣿ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠



઀੐ߢᣂߒ޿ߎߣࠍቇ߱ᯏળ߇޽ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

઀੐ߢ⥄ಽߩ㐳ᚲࠍߩ߫ߔᯏળ߇޽ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⡯႐ߢߪ‫⥄ޔ‬ಽߩᛛ⢻ࠍචಽߦ㜞߼ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠



−  −ᚑ㐳ߩᯏળ



ߜ
߇
߁



ߜ߿
߇߿
߁



ߘ߹
߁޽
ߛ









ߘ
߁
ߛ

ᣂᄸᕈ









ߎࠇ߹ߢߒߚߎߣߩߥ޿⒳㘃ߩ઀੐ࠍߔࠆߎߣ߇ᄙ޿

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

Ფ࿁‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿ᛛⴚ߿⍮⼂ࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆ઀੐ߢ޽ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

઀੐ߩ਄ߢ‫ޔ‬એ೨ߦ⚻㛎ߒߚߎߣߩߥ޿ߎߣߦ಴ળ߁

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

੍᷹น⢻ᕈ









޿ߟߏࠈ‫⥄ޔ‬ಽߩ઀੐㊂߇Ⴧ߃ࠆ߆ಽ߆ߞߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

޿ߟߏࠈ‫⥄ޔ‬ಽߩ઀੐߇৻Ბ⪭ߔࠆ߆⷗ㅢߒ߇ߟ޿ߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

޿ߟߏࠈ‫઀ޔ‬੐਄ߢ࠻࡜ࡉ࡞߇↢ߓࠆ߆੍ᗐߢ߈ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠


 ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ࡮ኻੱ㑐ଥ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬḮ࡮⾗Ḯ㧮㧚޽ߥߚ߇௛޿ߡ޿ࠆ⡯႐ߦߟ޿ߡ߁߆߇޿߹ߔ‫ߦߩ߽ࠆ߹ߪߡ޽߽ᦨޕ‬٤ࠍߟߌߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬
ߜ߿
߇߿
߁











ߜ
߇
߁



⋡ࠍߘࠇߙࠇ㧟㧘㧠㧘㧢㗄⋡⡯႐ߩ৻૕ᗵ ࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞࡮ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞ ̪਄߆ࠄ㧟㗄⋡‫ޔ‬㧡㗄⋡‫ޔ‬㧢㗄

ߘ߹
߁޽
ߛ




ߘ
߁
ߛ





ߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬⑳ߚߜߩ⡯႐ߢߪ‫ߦ߽ߣޔ‬௛ߎ߁ߣ޿߁ᆫ൓߇޽ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⑳ߚߜߩ⡯႐ߢߪ‫߅ޔ‬੕޿ߦℂ⸃ߒ⹺߼วߞߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⑳ߚߜߩ⡯႐ߢߪ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߦ㑐ㅪߒߚᖱႎߩ౒᦭߇ߢ߈ߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⑳ߚߜߩ⡯႐ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ഥߌว߅߁ߣ޿߁㔓࿐᳇߇޽ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⑳ߚߜߩ⡯႐ߢߪ‫߅ޔ‬੕޿ߦା㗬ߒวߞߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

╉޿߿╉㗻߇޽ࠆ⡯႐ߛ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⚻ᷣ࡮࿾૏ႎ㈽









⥄ಽߩ઀੐ߦ⷗ว߁⛎ᢱ߿ࡏ࡯࠽ࠬࠍ߽ࠄߞߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⥄ಽߩ⢻ജ߿⚻㛎ߦ⷗วߞߚ࿾૏࡮⡯ോߦዞ޿ߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

ዅ㊀ႎ㈽



⑳ߪ਄ม߆ࠄ߰ߐࠊߒ޿⹏ଔࠍฃߌߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

ห௥߆ࠄ‫⥄ޔ‬ಽߩ઀੐਄ߩ߰ߐࠊߒ޿ᛒ޿ࠍฃߌߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

ࡂ࡜ࠬࡔࡦ࠻㧨ఝవᐲ㧝㧪









⡯႐ߢ⥄ಽ߇޿ߓ߼‫ࠍ࡜ࡂࠢ࠮ ࠆ޿ߡߞ޽ߦ࡜ࡂࡢࡄޔ‬฽߻ 

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⡯႐ߢ޿ߓ߼‫ࠍ࡜ࡂࠢ࠮ ࠆ޿߇ੱࠆ޿ߡߞ޽ߦ࡜ࡂࡢࡄޔ‬฽

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

਄มߩ࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ









઀੐ߩ಴᧪߫߃ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬਄ม߆ࠄࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢࠍ߽ࠄߞߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

਄มߪ‫ޔ‬ㇱਅ߇⢻ജࠍિ߫ߔᯏળࠍᜬߡࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ขࠅ⸘ࠄߞߡߊࠇࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

਄มߪ‫⥄߇⑳ޔ‬ಽߢ໧㗴⸃᳿ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦബ߹ߒߡߊࠇࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

߻ −  −

ߘ߁ߛ਄มߩ౏ᱜߥᘒᐲ



߹޽
ߘ߁
ߛ


߿߿ ߜ߇
ߜ߇
߁
߁



਄มߪ⁛ࠅࠃ߇ࠅߥ߽ߩߩ⷗ᣇࠍߒߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

਄มߪⷫಾᔃߣᕁ޿߿ࠅࠍ߽ߞߡធߒߡߊࠇࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

਄มߪ⺈ታߥᘒᐲߢኻᔕߒߡߊࠇࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

߶߼ߡ߽ࠄ߃ࠆ⡯႐









઀੐ࠍ߈ߜࠎߣߔࠇ߫‫ࠆ߃ࠄ߽ߡ߼߶ޔ‬

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

ദജߒߡ઀੐ࠍߔࠇ߫‫ࠆ߃ࠄ߽ߡ߼߶ޔ‬

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

޽ߚࠅ߹߃ߩߎߣߢ߽‫ࠆ߃ࠄ߽ߡ߼߶ࠄߚ߈ߢޔ‬

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

ᄬᢌࠍ⹺߼ࠆ⡯႐









ࡇࡦ࠴ࠍ࠴ࡖࡦࠬߦᄌ߃ࠄࠇࠆ⡯႐ߛ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

ᄬᢌߒߡ߽ᝊ࿁ ߫ࠎ߆޿ ߔࠆ࠴ࡖࡦࠬ߇޽ࠆ⡯႐ߛ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩ᦭⢻ᗵ









⥄ಽߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߪ઀੐ߩㆀⴕ⢻ജ߇ߣߡ߽㜞޿ߣ޿߁⥄ା߇޽ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⥄ಽߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߪਇ᷹ߩ੐ᘒࠍ߁߹ߊಣℂߢ߈ࠆߣ޿߁⥄ା߇޽ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⥄ಽߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߪో૕⊛ߦ⷗ߡ‫⺖ޔ‬㗴ߩ⸃᳿⢻ജ߇㜞޿

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⡯ߩਇ቟ቯᕈ ቟ቯႎ㈽ 









᣹ㅴߩ⷗ㄟߺߪዋߥ޿

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⡯ࠍᄬ߁ᕟࠇ߇޽ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⡯႐ߢ‫ޔ‬ᅢ߹ߒߊߥ޿ᄌൻࠍ⚻㛎ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫੹ߪߊߒ߽ޕ‬ᓟߘ߁޿߁⁁ᴫ߇









⿠ߎࠅ߁ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠


 ⚵❱࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬḮ࡮⾗Ḯ㧯㧚޽ߥߚߩ௛޿ߡ޿ࠆળ␠߿⚵❱ߦߟ޿ߡ߁߆߇޿߹ߔ‫ߦߩ߽ࠆ߹ߪߡ޽߽ᦨޕ‬٤ࠍߟߌߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬
ߜ߿
߇߿
߁











ߜ
߇
߁







⚻༡ጀߣߩା㗬㑐ଥ

ߘ߹
߁޽
ߛ




ߘ
߁
ߛ





⚻༡ጀߪᓥᬺຬߩ઀੐߱ࠅࠍା㗬ߒߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⚻༡ጀ߆ࠄߩᖱႎߪା㗬ߢ߈ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⚻༡ጀߪᓥᬺຬ߆ࠄߩឭ᩺ࠍ⌀೶ߦขࠅᛒߞߡߊࠇࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

ᄌൻ߳ߩኻᔕ









⡯႐߿઀੐ߢߤࠎߥᄌൻ߇޽ࠆ߆‫ޔ‬਄มߦߚߕߨࠆᯏળ߇޽ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⡯႐߿઀੐ߢᄌൻ߇޽ࠆߣ߈ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬߩᗧ⷗߇⡞߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⡯႐߿઀੐ߩᄌൻ߇޽ࠆ႐ว‫ޔ‬੐೨ߦ⺑᣿߇޽ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠




−  −







ߜ
߇
߁



ߜ߿
߇߿
߁



ߘ߹
߁޽
ߛ





ߘ
߁
ߛ

ᚻ⛯߈ߩ౏ᱜᕈ









ᗧᕁ᳿ቯߦࠃߞߡᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌࠆోߡߩ㑐ଥ⠪߇‫ޔ‬ᗧᕁ᳿ቯߦෳടߒߡ޿

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

ᗧᕁ᳿ቯ߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆ೨ߦ‫ޔ‬ᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌࠆੱߚߜߩ⠨߃߇⡞߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

୘ੱߩዅ㊀㧨ㅊട㧪









৻ੱ߭ߣࠅߩ㐳ᚲ߿ᓧᗧಽ㊁ࠍ⠨߃ߡ઀੐߇ਈ߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

৻ੱ߭ߣࠅߩଔ୯ⷰࠍᄢ੐ߦߒߡߊࠇࠆ⡯႐ߛ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⥄ಽߦวߞߚ઀੐߿⡯႐ࠍ␠ౝߢ⷗ߟߌࠆᯏળ߇޽ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

౏ᱜߥੱ੐⹏ଔ









ੱ੐⹏ଔߩ⚿ᨐߦߟ޿ߡචಽߥ⺑᣿߇ߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

઀੐ߩᣇ㊎ߣᓎഀߦߟ޿ߡ⚊ᓧߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߥ⺑᣿߇޽ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

ੱ੐⹏ଔߩၮḰ߇᣿⏕ߦߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

ᄙ᭽ߥഭ௛⠪߳ߩኻᔕ









ᅚᕈ‫ޔ‬㜞㦂⠪޽ࠆ޿ߪ㓚߇޿⠪߇௛߈߿ߔ޿⡯႐ߛ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⧯޿ੱ߇௛߈߿ߔ޿⡯႐ߛ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⡯႐ߢߪ‫ޔ‬㧔ᱜⷙ‫ޔ‬㕖ᱜⷙ‫ߤߥ࠻ࠗࡃ࡞ࠕޔ‬㧕޿ࠈ޿ࠈߥ┙႐ߩੱ߇⡯႐

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

ᄙ᭽ߥഭ௛⠪߳ߩኻᔕ









ᅚᕈ‫ޔ‬㜞㦂⠪޽ࠆ޿ߪ㓚߇޿⠪߇௛߈߿ߔ޿⡯႐ߛ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⧯޿ੱ߇௛߈߿ߔ޿⡯႐ߛ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⡯႐ߢߪ‫ޔ‬㧔ᱜⷙ‫ޔ‬㕖ᱜⷙ‫ߤߥ࠻ࠗࡃ࡞ࠕޔ‬㧕޿ࠈ޿ࠈߥ┙႐ߩੱ߇⡯႐









ߩ৻ຬߣߒߡዅ㊀ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

ࠠࡖ࡝ࠕᒻᚑ









ᗧ᰼ࠍᒁ߈಴ߒߚࠅ‫ߦࠕ࡝ࡖࠠޔ‬ᓎ┙ߟᢎ⢒߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⧯޿߁ߜ߆ࠄ዁᧪ߩㅴ〝ࠍ⠨߃ߡੱ੐▤ℂ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ߿୘ੱߏߣߦ‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒࡮⸠✵ߩ⋡ᮡ߇᣿⏕ߦߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⥄ಽߩ⡯႐ߢߪ‫߽ߢ⺕ޔ‬ᔅⷐߥߣ߈ߦᔅⷐߥᢎ⢒࡮⸠✵߇ฃߌࠄࠇࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⥄ಽߩ⡯႐ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬࠍ⢒ߡࠆߎߣ߇ᄢಾߛߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

ࠆ
ᗧᕁ᳿ቯߪ৻⽾ߒߡ޿ࠆ ోߡߩᓥᬺຬߦኻߒⷙೣ߇ห᭽ߦㆡ↪ߐࠇࠆ 

ߩ৻ຬߣߒߡዅ㊀ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ−  −̉ ࡢ࡯ࠢ࡮࠮࡞ࡈ࡮ࡃ࡜ࡦࠬ
㧴߅઀੐ߣ‫ࠇߘޔ‬એᄖߩ޽ߥߚߩ↢ᵴߣߩ㑐ଥߦߟ޿ߡ߁߆߇޿߹ߔ‫ߦߩ߽ࠆ߹ߪߡ޽߽ᦨޕ‬٤ࠍߟߌߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬






ߜ
߇
߁



ߜ߿
߇߿
߁



ߘ߹
߁޽
ߛ





ߘ
߁
ߛ

ࡢ࡯ࠢ࡮࠮࡞ࡈ࡮ࡃ࡜ࡦࠬ㧔ࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉ㧕









઀੐ߩߎߣࠍ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆߚ߼⥄ಽߩ↢ᵴࠍలታߐߖࠄࠇߥ޿

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

઀੐ߩࠬࠤࠫࡘ࡯࡞ߩߚ߼ߦ⥄ಽߩ↢ᵴࠍలታߐߖࠄࠇߥ޿

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

ࡢ࡯ࠢ࡮࠮࡞ࡈ࡮ࡃ࡜ࡦࠬ㧔ࡐࠫ࠹ࠖࡉ㧕









઀੐ߢቇࠎߛߎߣࠍᵴ߆ߒߡ⥄ಽߩ↢ᵴࠍలታߐߖߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

઀੐ߢࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠍ߽ࠄ߁ߎߣߢ‫⥄ޔ‬ಽߩ↢ᵴ߇ߐࠄߦలታߒߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠


 ࠕ࠙࠻ࠞࡓ
㧵㧚޽ߥߚ߅઀੐ߩ⁁ᴫ߿ᚑᨐߦߟ޿ߡ߁߆߇޿߹ߔ‫ߦߩ߽ࠆ߹ߪߡ޽߽ᦨޕ‬٤ࠍߟߌߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬






ߜ
߇
߁



ߜ߿
߇߿
߁


ߘ߹
߁޽
ߛ




ߘ
߁
ߛ

ⷙቯߐࠇߚ⡯ോߩㆀⴕ









੹᦬ߩ⥄ಽߩ઀੐ߩ಴᧪ߪ‫ߣߚߞ߆⦟ߡߴࠄߊߦੱߩઁޔ‬ᕁ߁

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

ᜰ␜ߐࠇߚ઀੐ࠍ߈ߜࠎߣ߿ࠅߣߍߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⥄ಽߦᦼᓙߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ઀੐ߪචಽߦߎߥߒߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

ഃㅧᕈߩ⊒ើ









઀੐ߢ޿ࠈ޿ࠈᎿᄦߒߚࠅ‫ࠍࠕ࠺ࠗࠕޔ‬಴ߒߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

઀੐਄ߩ໧㗴ߦኻߒߡᣂߒ޿⸃᳿╷ࠍ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

઀੐ߦߟ޿ߡᣂߒ޿߿ࠅᣇࠍឭ᩺ߒߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

Ⓧᭂ⊛ߥቇ⠌









઀੐ߢ⥄ಽࠍ਄ᚻߦ㜞߼ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

ᣂߒ޿੐ࠍࡑࠬ࠲࡯ߔࠆߎߣߢೝỗࠍฃߌߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

ᣂߒ޿ߎߣࠍ⚻㛎ߒߡᚑ㐳ߒߡ޿ࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

ࡢ࡯ࠢ࡮ࠛࡦࠥࠗࠫࡔࡦ࠻









઀੐ࠍߒߡ޿ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᵴജ߇ߺߥ߉ࠆࠃ߁ߦᗵߓࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

⥄ಽߩ઀੐ߦ⹶ࠅࠍᗵߓࠆ

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

઀੐ࠍߒߡ޿ࠆߣ‫޿ߟޔ‬ᄞਛߦߥߞߡߒ߹߁

㧝

㧞

㧟

㧠

઀੐ߩࡄࡈࠜ࡯ࡑࡦࠬᰴߩ  ߆ࠄ  ὐ߹ߢߩᢙሼߪ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߩ಴᧪ࠍ⴫ߒߚ߽ߩߢߔ‫ ޕ‬ὐߪ‫઀ߩߚߥ޽ޔ‬੐ࠍઁߩ⺕߆߇߿ߞߡᦨᖡߛߞߚᤨߩ಴᧪‫ ޔ‬ὐߪ৻⇟઀੐ߩ಴᧪ࠆੱ߇߿ߞߚ႐วߩ಴᧪ߣߒ߹ߔ‫ᦨޕ‬ㄭ㧝ࡩ᦬㑆ߩ޽ߥߚߩో⥸⊛ߥ઀੐ߩ಴᧪ߪ૗ὐߊࠄ޿ߦߥࠆߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ޕ‬ᦨᖡߩ಴᧪                        ᦨ㜞ߩੱ߇߿ߞߚᤨߩ಴᧪                               −  −ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲෘ↢ഭ௛⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌ഭ௛቟ో✚ว⎇ⓥ੐ᬺ‫ޟ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᶐㅘᚻᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ‫ޠ‬㧔*ഭ௛৻⥸㧕ਥછ㧦Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ㧕ಽᜂ⎇ⓥႎ๔ᦠ
ഭ௛⃻႐ߦ߅ߌࠆࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ߩ৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᶐㅘᣇᴺ
̆ࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯ળ⼏ߦࠃࠆឭ᩺̆
ಽᜂ⎇ⓥ⠪ ਅశ ノ৻  ᧲੩ක⑼ᄢቇ ౏ⴐⴡ↢ቇ ਥછᢎ᝼
⎇ⓥⷐᣦ㧦ᧄ⎇ⓥ⃰ߩ⋡⊛ߪ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߩ৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ࠍ‫ޔ‬ਛዊⷙᮨ੐ᬺ႐ࠍ
฽߻ߔߴߡߩ੐ᬺ႐ߦᶐㅘߐߖࠆߚ߼ߩᣇᴺߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛‫ޔ‬ឭ⸒ߒߡ޿ߊߎߣߢ޽ࠅ‫ᧄޔ‬ಽᜂ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᤓᐕ߆ࠄᒁ߈⛯߈㑐ଥ⠪㧔ࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯㧕ળ⼏ࠍ㧞࿁㧔╙ 3 ࿁‫ ╙ޔ‬4 ࿁㧕㐿௅ߒ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ߩᣇะᕈߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߒߚ‫ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޕ‬ᚑᨐࠍ⊒ዷߐߖࠆᒻ
ߢஜᐽ޿߈޿߈⡯႐ࠍࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼ߣߒߡ‫╙ޔ‬㧟࿁ળ⼏ߢߪࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ߩ৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ߩߚ߼ߩౕ૕⊛ߥᣇ╷ߦߟ޿ߡ‫╙ޔ‬㧠࿁ળ⼏ߢߪ࿖‫ޔ‬ડᬺ‫ޔ‬ㇱ⟑‫ޔ‬୘ੱ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢታⴕߔࠆߎߣ
߇ᦸ߹ࠇࠆࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦߦߟ޿ߡ‫ࠆࠃߦ⼏⸛ࡊ࡯࡞ࠣޔ‬ᬌ⸛ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ࡦ࡚ࠪࠢࠕޕ‬᩺ߩౕ૕⊛ߥୃᱜ߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ߇‫ࠅࠃޔ‬൮᜝⊛ߥ㗄⋡ࠍᬌ⸛ߒ⋓ࠅㄟ߻‫ࡦ࡚ࠪࠢࠕޔ‬᩺ߩ᭴ᚑ㧔ゲ㧕ߦߟ޿ߡੱ੐ഭോ೙ᐲ╬ߩⷰὐ߆ࠄߐࠄߦᬌ⸛ࠍട߃ࠆ‫᧪ߤߥޔ‬ᐕᐲએ㒠߽ୃᱜᬌ⸛ߩᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ࠬ࡞ࡋ࡞࠲ࡦࡔޔ‬ኻ╷ߩ৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ޔ‬㑐ㅪߔࠆᴺᢛ஻ࠍㅴ߼ࠆߣߣ߽ߦડᬺߏߣ
ߩ⥄ਥᡷༀᵴേࠍផㅴߒ‫ޔ‬୘ੱ߇߿ࠅ߇޿ࠍ߽ߞߡ޿߈޿߈ߣ௛ߊߎߣߩߺߥࠄߕ‫▤ޔ‬ℂ⋙〈⠪ߣഭ௛⠪ߩ㑆߿ഭ૶㑐ଥ‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ㇱ⟑࡟ࡌ࡞‫ޔ‬ડᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߪ౏ᱜ߿ା㗬߿৻૕ᗵ߇㊀ⷞߒߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇㊀ⷐᕈߢ޽ࠆߎߣ‫ߡ޿ߟߦ╬ޔ‬㑐ଥ⠪ߩ㑆ߢวᗧᒻᚑ߇ߥߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߪჇട௑ะߦ

⎇ⓥදജ⠪ ޽ࠅ‫৻ޔ‬ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ߩ㊀ⷐᕈ߇⹺⼂ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⎇ᧄߦ․ޕ‬ⓥ⃰ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢⷙᮨ੐ᬺ႐ߩߺߥ

ዊ↰ಾఝሶ ᧲੩ක⑼ᄢቇ౏ⴐⴡ↢ቇ⻠ᐳᎹ਄ᙗੱ ᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼♖␹଻ஜቇಽ㊁

ࠄߕ‫৻ޔ‬ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ߩਛᔃߣߥࠆ⡯႐ⅣႺ╬ߩ⹏ଔ࡮ᡷༀߩታᣉ₸߇ૐ޿ਛዊⷙᮨ੐ᬺ႐
ࠍ฽߼ߡ‫ޔ‬ኻ╷ࠍᐢߊᶐㅘߐߖߡ޿ߊߚ߼ߩ

ේ⼱㓉ผ ഭ௛቟ోⴡ↢✚ว⎇ⓥᚲᣇ╷ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ฦಽႇ ᣿⚐ ↥ᬺක⑼ᄢቇታോ⎇ୃ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯

ᜂ⎇ⓥ⠪߇ⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠߊࠟፉᵤ᣿ੱ ᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼♖␹ࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩ૞ᚑ߿‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ
◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ㐿⊒‫ޔ‬ᮡḰൻࠍㅢߓߚ᦭↪ߥᖱ

଻ஜቇಽ㊁

ႎ߿࠷࡯࡞ߩឭଏߩߚ߼ߩ૞ᬺߦട߃‫ࠇߎޔ‬ศᎹ ᔀ ഭ௛⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ੗਄ᓆ⤿ ᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼♖␹଻ஜቇಽ㊁
㧭⎇ⓥ⋡⊛

ࠄᚻᴺࠍᶐㅘߐߖߡ޿ߊߚ߼ߩ㑐ଥ⠪㧔ࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯㧕ߦࠃࠆวᗧᒻᚑ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⊛ᨒ⚵ߺߩᢛ஻߇㊀ⷐߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᧄಽᜂ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᤓᐕߦᒁ߈⛯߈‫ޔ‬ਥⷐߥഭ௛቟ోⴡ↢⎇ⓥᯏ㑐‫↥ޔ‬ᬺ଻ஜኾ㐷⡯‫↪૶ޔ‬

 −
−


⠪஥࿅૕‫ޔ‬ഭ௛஥࿅૕╬ߩઍ⴫⠪ߦࠃࠆࠬ࠹

࡞࠳࡯ળ⼏ࠍ㐿௅ߒߚ‫ޕ‬಴Ꮸ⠪ߪ⾗ᢱԘߩߣ࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯ળ⼏ࠍ 2 ࿁ߦࠊߚߞߡታᣉߒ‫ޔ‬߅ࠅ‫ޕ‬ᤓᐕ߹ߢߩᚑᨐࠍ⊒ዷߐߖࠆᒻߢෳടဳࡢ࡯
࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊࠍ߅ߎߥ޿‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ
࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩၮᧄ⊛ផㅴᨒ⚵ߺߦߟ޿ߡᗧ⷗੤឵ߒ‫ࠍࠬࠨࡦ࠮ࡦࠦޔ‬ᒻᚑߔࠆ౨㗡ߦ‫ޔ‬ਥછ⎇ⓥ⠪Ꮉ਄ᙗੱᢎ᝼ࠃࠅㆊ෰
3 ࿁ߩળ⼏ߩ✚᜝߅ࠃ߮⎇ⓥ⃰ో૕ߩㅴ᝞⁁ᴫߩႎ๔߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬㧔⾗ᢱԝ㧕‫ ╙ޕ‬4 ࿁ߩળߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬⼏ߢߪ‫ࠗࠔࡈ࡞࠺ޔ‬ᴺߩᚻᴺࠍෳ⠨ߦߒߡ‫ޔ‬㧮⎇ⓥᣇᴺࠍ߽ߣߦ੐ോዪ߇૞ᚑߒߚ̌ஜᐽ޿߈޿߈⡯╙㧟࿁ࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯ળ⼏႐ታ⃻ߩߚ߼ߩࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ⚛᩺̍ࠍ᧚ᢱߦ‫ޔ‬ߎࠇ߹ߢ 3 ࿁ߩળ⼏ߢ⹤ߒวࠊࠇߡ߈ߚౝኈ

ᐔᚑ 22 ᐕ 8 ᦬ 20 ᣣߦ╙㧟࿁ࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞

ߎߩ⚛᩺߇ࠃࠅᵞ✵ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߣߥࠆࠃ߁ᬌ

࠳࡯ળ⼏ࠍ㐿௅ߒߚ‫ޕ‬಴Ꮸ⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ߥ⢛᥊⸛ߔࠆߎߣߣߒߚ‫⚛ࡦ࡚ࠪࠢࠕޕ‬᩺ߪ‫ޔ‬୘ੱࠍᜬߟ㑐ଥ⠪ࠄߦࠃࠆળ⼏ߣߥࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛࡟ࡌ࡞‫ޔ‬ㇱ⟑࡟ࡌ࡞‫ޔ‬ડᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞‫ޔ‬࿖࡟ࡌ࡞ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᤓᐕห᭽‫╙ޔ‬㧟࿁‫ޔ‬4 ࿁ߣ߽‫ޔ‬ഭ௛ߢ૞ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ߇߇‫ࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬቟ోⴡ↢⎇ⓥᯏ㑐߆ࠄߩ⎇ⓥ⠪‫↥ޔ‬ᬺ଻ஜኾߩࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦߦߟ޿ߡߘߩ㊀ⷐᕈߣታᣉน⢻㐷⡯ߣߒߡ↥ᬺක‫଻ޔ‬ஜᏧ‫▤↢ⴡޔ‬ℂ⠪‫ޔ‬ᔃᕈߦߟ޿ߡ 5 ὐḩὐߢὐᢙࠍઃਈߒߡ߽ࠄ޿

ℂ⡯‫↪૶ޔ‬⠪஥࿅૕ߣߒߡ⚻࿅ㅪ‫᧲ޔ‬੩໡Ꮏߥ߇ࠄᬌ⸛ߒ‫ߡߒߣࡦ࡚ࠪࠢࠕޔ‬ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ

ળ⼏ᚲ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛஥࿅૕ߣߒߡㅪว‫ߩߘ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬߇ឭ␜ߒߚ᩺ߦߪᰳߌߡ޿ࠆ੐㗄‫ୃޔ‬ᱜࠍട

ઁಽ㊁߆ࠄᴺᓞኅߦ಴Ꮸࠍଐ㗬ߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧔಴Ꮸ⠪߃ߚ߶߁߇⦟޿ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦߥߤࠍࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢߪ⾗ᢱԘ㧕⸛⼏ߔࠆߎߣࠍଐ㗬ߒ‫ޔ‬3 ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦಽ߆ࠇ

ળ⼏ߩ౨㗡ߦਥછ⎇ⓥ⠪Ꮉ਄ᙗੱᢎ᝼ࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ߡ⸛⼏߇ⴕࠊࠇ‫ోޔ⴫⊒ޔ‬૕⸛⼏߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᤓᐕⴕࠊࠇߚ 2 ࿁ߩળ⼏ߩ✚᜝߅ࠃ߮ᒰᣣߩ
ળ⼏ߩਥ㗴ߦߟ޿ߡ⺑᣿߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬㧔⾗ᢱ㧯㧚⚿ᨐԙ㧕‫ޕ‬ᤓᐕᐲ╙ 2 ࿁ળ⼏ߦ߅޿ߡஜᐽ޿߈޿߈

╙㧟࿁ࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯ળ⼏⸛⼏ౝኈ⡯႐ߩⷐઙߦߟ޿ߡ⹤ߒวࠊࠇߚ߇‫ߩߘޔ‬ታ㧟⃰ߦಽ߆ࠇߡ‫ޣ‬ஜᐽ޿߈޿߈⡯႐ߩⷐઙ‫ޤ‬⃻ߦ߻ߌߚᣇ╷ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߢߩᣇ╷‫ޔ‬ડߦߟ޿ߡ⸛⼏ߐࠇߚ⚿ᨐࠍએਅߦ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬ᬺߢߩᣇ╷ߦߟ޿ߡ⹤ߒว޿‫ޔ‬น⢻ߢ޽ࠇ߫㧝㧕╙㧝ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㧔⾗ᢱԚ㧕ஜᐽ޿߈޿߈⡯႐ߪ‫ޔ‬1) ⡯႐ߩ৻૕ᗵ‫ޔ‬2)ౕ૕⊛ߥࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦߩឭ᩺ࠍ಴ߒߡ߶ߒ޿ᣦ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩஜᐽᐲ‫ޔ‬3) ߘߩઁ㧔ߚߣ߃߫‫઀ޟ‬੐߇⺑᣿߇޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ߎࠇࠍ߁ߌ‫ޣޔ‬㧔⚻ᷣᄌേᦼߦ߅ߌࠆ㧕ஜᐽ㕙⊕޿ߣᗵߓࠆ߆ߤ߁߆‫ߚߞ޿ߣޠ‬஥㕙ߥߤ㧕޿߈޿߈⡯႐ߩⷐઙ‫ ߡ޿ߟߦޤ‬3 ⃰ߦಽ߆ࠇߩ 3 ὐ߆ࠄᝒ߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߣ⹤ߒวߞߚ‫ޕ‬ߡࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ⸛⼏ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ߩ⼏⸛ࡊ࡯࡞ࠣޕ‬ౝߘߎߢஜᐽ޿߈޿߈⡯႐ߩታ⃻ߩߚ߼ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ኈߪฦ⃰ߢࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ߦ߹ߣ߼ࠄࠇ‫⾰ޔ⴫⊒ޔ‬ࠕ㧕⡯႐࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩᣇ╷‫ޔ‬ขࠅ⚵ߺߣߒߡ⇼ᔕ╵‫ోߡ޿⛯ޔ‬૕⸛⼏߇ⴕࠊࠇ‫ޔ‬ਥછ⎇ⓥԘ ⃻࿷ߪ‫ޔ‬⡯ോߩౝኈࠍ฽߼ߚ⡯႐ߩⅣႺ

⠪ߦࠃࠆ✚᜝ࠍᓧߡ㐽ળߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᄌൻߩࠬࡇ࡯࠼߇ㅦ޿‫ߦࠇߘޕ‬ኻߔࠆ✭╙㧠࿁ࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯ળ⼏ⴣⷐ࿃㧔ࡃ࠶ࡈࠔ࡯㧕߇޽ࠆߎߣ߇㊀ⷐ

ᐔᚑ 22 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 27 ᣣߦ╙㧠࿁ࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ

ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥᬺຬ߇ߘߩᄌൻߦᲑ㓏⊛ߦኻᔕߒߡ޿ߊߚ߼ߩࠬ࠹࠶ࡊ߿‫ޔ‬ᄌൻ߇↢−  −

ߓߚ႐วߩ๟࿐ߩᡰេߥ޿ߒᡰេᘒ൓ߩ

ߩㆊ೾ߥ⚦ಽൻߪㅒലᨐߦߥࠅ߆ߨߥ޿

⏕┙ߥߤ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬߇‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߦߪ୘‫ੱߩޘ‬㑆߇޽ࠆ⒟ᐲߩԙ ᓥᬺຬ㑆ߢ߃ߎ߭޿߈߇ή޿ߎߣ‫౏ޔ‬ᱜᚲ᝿ࠍਈ߃ࠄࠇߡ‫઀ߡߞ߽ࠍ޿߇ࠅ߿ޔ‬ߥขࠅᛒ޿ࠍᓥᬺຬߦ⚊ᓧߐߖࠆߚ߼ߦ

੐߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ߞ߽ޕ‬߽⚻༡߿ੱ੐ഭോߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎ߇ࠝ࡯ࡊ

ߣ߽‫ޔ‬ᚲ᝿▸࿐ߩ઀੐ࠍ৻ੱߢᛴ߃ㄟࠎ

ࡦߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ᄢಾߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᐔ╬ߢߒ߹߁ෂ㒾ᕈ߽޽ࠆߩߢ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߩౝኈ㧔equality㧕ߪήℂߢ޽ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬ߦ߽ࠃࠆߒ‫ੱޔ‬੐ഭോ‫ޔ‬਄ม‫ోߩੱᧄޔ‬౏ᱜ㧔justice㧕ߪน⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߡߒߘޕ‬ߡߦࡃ࡜ࡦࠬᗵⷡ߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬৻ญߦ౏ᱜߣ޿ߞߡ߽ߐ߹ߑ߹ߥዤᐲ߇Ԣ ડᬺන૏ߩߺߢߥߊ⡯႐න૏ߢߩㆡᱜߥ
ഭ௛࡮ભᥜᤨ㑆ߩ▤ℂ߇ᔅⷐ޽ࠆߩߢ‫ޔ‬ળ␠ߩ⠨߃ࠆ౏ᱜࠍᓥᬺຬߦ
⚊ᓧߐߖࠆߚ߼ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᖱႎߩ౏㐿‫ޔ‬ㅘ᣿ԣ ઀੐਄ߩᣇ㊎᳿ቯߦ㓙ߒߡᛚ⹺ኻ⽎߇ᄙൻ‫ߩࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯ࠤ࠾ࡘࡒࠦޔ‬లታ߇ᔅⷐߣ

ߔ߉ࠆߎߣ߇೙⚂ߣߥࠆߎߣ߇޽ࠆ㧔޽ߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ߜࠄߎߜࠄߩᩮ࿁ߒߢᄢᄌߥ⧰ഭࠍߔࠆ
ߒ‫߇⹤ޔ‬ㅴ߹ߥ޿㧕ߩߢ‫ޔ‬ᛚ⹺ᚻ⛯ߩ◲Ԛ ᦨㄭᓳᵴߒߡ޿ࠆળ␠ߩ⑔೑ෘ↢㧔ᣏⴕ‫ޔ‬⚛ൻ߇ᔅⷐ‫ޕ‬ㆇേળߥߤ㧕߇␠ຬߩ৻૕ᗵߩะ਄ߦߟԤ ઀੐ߩⷐ᳞ᐲߩߺߥࠄߕ‫઀ޔ‬੐߳ߩ⥝๧ߥ߇ߞߡ޿ࠆߣ߽⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆԛ ⥄ಽ㧔ߩ઀੐㧕߇ળ␠‫␠ޔ‬ળߦ⽸₂ߒߡ㑐ᔃ߿‫߼⹺ޔ‬ว޿‫ޔ‬ഥߌว޿ߩᰳᅤ߿ਇ

޿ࠆ߆‫ߦੱᧄ߇ࠇߘߚ߹ޔ‬ಽ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ

⿷߇ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ࠍᒁ߈⿠ߎߔߎ

⺑᣿ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ߒ޿‫઀ޕ‬੐߇ߣ߽ዋߥߊߥ޿ߩߢ‫઀ޔ‬੐ౝኈߦ⥝๧ࠍ㕙⊕޿ߣᕁ߃ࠆߎߣ߇‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩ৻૕ᗵ‫ޔ‬ᜬߞߡ߽ࠄ߃ࠆࠃ߁ߥᎿᄦ߿‫߼⹺ޔ‬ว޿߈޿߈⡯႐ߦ߽ߟߥ߇ߞߡ޿ߊ‫ޕ‬߁࡮ഥߌว߁⡯႐ⅣႺߩᒻᚑ߇ᔅⷐ‫ޕ‬Ԝ ࡢ࡯ࠢ࡮࡜ࠗࡈ࡮ࡃ࡜ࡦࠬ㧔⢒ఽભᥜߩԥ ઀੐ߩ⷗ㅢߒ߇⷗߃ߥ޿႐วߦࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ

ขᓧߥߤ㧕ߩផㅴ‫ޕ‬ડᬺో૕ߩᣇ㊎ߣߒ߇㜞߹ࠆߎߣ߇ᄙ޿ߩߢ‫▤ޔ‬ℂ⡯߇઀੐ߡߪ‫ᤨޔ‬㑆ᄖഭ௛ᤨ㑆 100 ᤨ㑆ࠍ⿥߃ߥߩ⷗ㅢߒࠍ␜ߒ‫઀ߦ⊛↹⸘ޔ‬੐ࠍ߹ࠊߔ

޿‫ߪߣߎࠆߔߣޔ‬ᴺߩⷐ⺧ߢ޽ࠆߎߣߪ

ࠃ߁ߦߔࠆ‫⷗ޟޔ߅ߥޕ‬ㅢߒ‫⪲⸒߁޿ߣޠ‬߽ߜࠈࠎ‫ޔ‬Ᏹ⼂⊛ߥߎߣߢ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߪ‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣ⁁ᴫߣߩ㑐ㅪߢᝒ߃߇ߜߢ޽ࠆԝ ࠳ࠗࡃ࡯ࠪ࠹ࠖ㧔୘ᕈߩዅ㊀㧕ߣ⚵❱㧔ડ߇‫ߩߣࠢࠬ࠲ޔ‬㑐ㅪߢᝒ߃ࠆߣߘߩ⷗ㅢ

ᬺ㧕ߩᣇะᕈ߇ᔅߕߒ߽৻⥌ߒߥ޿ߎߣ

ߒߪࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߣ߆߆ࠊࠅ߇ᄢᄌᄢ߈޿‫ޕ‬߇޽ࠆ߇ߎࠇࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦ᛬ࠅว޿ࠍઃ

ࠗ㧕ડᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩᣇ╷ߣߒߡߌߡ޿ߊ߆‫ⷞ߁޿ߣޔ‬ὐ߽㊀ⷐ‫ޕ‬Ԙ ᣹ㅴߩ㓙ߦ‫ޟ‬ᘠࠄߒᦼ㑆‫ࡐࠨޔߌ⸳ࠍޠ‬Ԟ 㜞㦂⠪࡮ᅚᕈߩᵴ↪㧔30 ᱦઍߩੱ߇ 50࡯࠻ࠍలታߐߖ‫ޔ‬Ბ㓏⊛ߦ᣹ㅴߐߖߡ޿

ᱦઍߩੱ߿ 60 ᱦએ㒠ߩౣ㓹↪ߐࠇߚੱࠍ

ߊ㧔᣹ㅴߦ㒢ࠄߕ㈩⟎ォ឵ߥߤߩᕆỗߥㇱਅߣߔࠆࠃ߁ߥࠤ࡯߽ࠬ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧕⡯႐ⅣႺߩᄌൻߦኻߔࠆਇㆡᔕࠍࠨࡐ࡯࠻ߔࠆ㧕ԟ ળ␠ߩਛߢߩࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖߩ⏕┙Ԡ ᧄੱߩᦼᓙߣળ␠ߩⷐᦸ㧔ਈ߃ࠆ઀੐㧕ԙ ࡃ࡜ࡦࠬߩ⦟޿ੱ੐▤ℂ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬᣹ㅴ࡮᣹ᩰ‫⇣ޔ‬േߩ㓙ߦߪ‫ߦੱᧄޔ‬ᔃℂ㕙‫ޔ‬૕߇ࡑ࠶࠴ߔࠆࠃ߁ߥੱ੐ഭോ▤ℂԡ ઀੐ߩ‫ޟ‬ᄢ᜝ࠅ‫ޠ‬ൻߩദജ߽ᔅⷐ‫઀ޕ‬੐−  −

⺞㕙╬ߢߘߩḰ஻߇ߢ߈ߡ޿ߥ޿ߣ‫ޔ‬ᕆỗߥⅣႺᄌൻߦࠃߞߡࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ

ᵴ߈ᵴ߈ߣ௛ߌࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆‫߁޿ߣޔ‬⺞߇↢ߓࠆߎߣ߇޽ࠆ‫ޔߡߞࠃޕ‬⡯႐ߩᗧ๧ߢ޽ࠅ‫઀޿߆⚦ޔ‬੐ߩౝኈߩ޿߆ࠎ

਄ม߿ੱ੐ഭോ▤ℂㇱ㐷߇‫␠ޔ‬ຬߩ୘೎ߣ޿߁ࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ਥߦ‫઀ޔ‬੐ࠍਈ߃ࠆ஥ߣਈ

⊛ߥ⁁ᴫࠍߘߩ㗻⦡ࠍߺࠆߥߤ᥉Ბߩⷰ

߃ࠄࠇࠆ஥ߣߢၮᧄ⊛ߥࡐ࡝ࠪ࡯߇วࠊ

ኤߥߤ߆ࠄኤ⍮ߒߡ߈߼⚦߿߆ߥኻᔕߔ

ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߥࡒࠬࡑ࠶࠴ࠍᗧ࿑ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬․ߦᜰ␜߿ᖱႎ߇ᧄੱߦᢿ

⊛ߦߒ߆વԚ ዞᬺ೙㒢ߥߤ↥ᬺක߇ᔅⷐߣ್ᢿߒߡ൘

ࠊߞߡ޿ߥ޿႐วߦߪ‫ࠄߊ޿߇ੱᧄޔ‬ਥᅑߒߚ቟ో㈩ᘦ߇‫ޔ‬ಣㆄࠍ៊ߨࠆߎߣߥ

ⷰ⊛ߦദജࠍߒߡ߽‫ޔ‬ታ⾰⊛ߦ᦭⋉ߢߥߊ໧㗴ߥߊ㧔๟࿐ߦ㧕ฃߌ౉ࠇࠄࠇࠆߎ

޿઀੐ߣߥࠅ‫⚿ޔ‬ᨐ⊛ߦㆡᱜߥ⹏ଔ߽ฃ

ߣ߽‫ࠍੱޔ‬ᄢ੐ߦߔࠆߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߢᄢಾ

ߌࠄࠇߥ޿ࠃ߁ߥ⁁ᴫ߇↢ߓࠆෂ㒾߇޽ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

ࠅ‫ߩ࠻ࡦࡔࠫ࡯ࡀࡑߪࠇߎޔ‬໧㗴ߘߩ߽ߩߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ԛ ડᬺߦࠃߞߡߪ࠴ࡘ࡯࠲࡯೙ᐲ‫࠲ࡦࡔޔ‬࡯೙ᐲߥߤࠍขࠅ౉ࠇߡ޿ࠆડᬺ߽޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬

9⡯႐࡟ࡌ࡞ߩᣇ╷Ԣ㧦⡯႐න૏ߢߩഭ௛

ߎࠇࠄߩ೙ᐲߪ‫ޔ‬୘‫ߩޘ‬ഭ௛⠪߇઀੐ࠍᤨ㑆▤ℂࠍߒߚ߶߁߇⦟޿‫␜ߩߣޔ‬ໂߩⷡ߃ࠆߩߺߥࠄߕ‫ߢ߃߁߻ߓߥߦ❱⚵ޔ‬ౕ૕⊛ߥᗧ๧ߪ‫⾰߁޿ߣޔ‬໧ߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬߽ലᨐ߇޽ࠅ‫ޔߚ߹ޔ‬ડᬺߣ୘‫ߩޘ‬ഭ௛ડᬺో૕ߣߒߡࠦࡦࡊ࡜ࠗࠕࡦࠬࠍᨐߚ

⠪ࠍ❬ߍࠆࡄࠗࡊߣߒߡ߽᦭ലߦᯏ⢻ߔ

ߔദജߪ㊀ⷐߛ߇‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߩ⡯ോߩഀᒰ߿

ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ੱ੐ഭോ▤ℂߪ⃻႐ߢⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߢ‫ޔ‬Ԝ ‫ޠࠆ߼߶ޟ‬ᢥൻߩ㉯ᚑ‫߃ߣߚޕ‬ᒰߚࠅ೨ㇱ⟑න૏ߢഭ௛ᤨ㑆ߩ߅߅ࠃߘߩ⋡቟߇ߩࠃ߁ߥߎߣߢ޽ߞߡ߽‫▤ޔ‬ℂ⡯߇ㇱਅ޽ࠆߣ‫ߩߘޔ‬ታലᕈ߇޽߇ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿

ߩ⦟߆ߞߚὐࠍ߶߼ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬୘‫ߩޘ‬ഭ௛⠪߆‫⿰߁޿ߣޔ‬ᣦ‫߫߃଀ޕ‬ᄢᄌߥ઀੐ࠍⴕ

ߩ⥄Ꮖലജᗵࠍ㜞߼‫ࠬ࡟࠻ࠬޔ‬⠴ᕈࠍᒝߞߡ޿ࠆㇱ⟑ߢߪㆊᷰ⊛ߦഭ௛ᤨ㑆߇㐳ൻߔࠆߣ౒ߦ‫ࠍࠬࡦࡑ࡯ࠜࡈࡄޔ‬਄ߍࠆߊߥࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠆ߇‫ߣ߭ޔ‬Ბ⪭ߒߚࠄㇱߎߣߦߟߥ߇ࠆߎߣ߇ዋߥߊߥ޿‫ޕ‬⟑ో૕ߢભߺࠍߣࠆߣ޿ߞߚᨵエߥ઀⚵ԝ ⚵❱ౝߩㅢ᳇ᕈߩ⏕଻ (⸒޿ߚ޿ߎߣ߇

ߺࠍߣࠆߎߣߥߤ߽৻᩺ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬᡽ᐭߪਥߦ࿾ၞߏߣߩભᥜࠍ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߛ

⸒߃ࠆ㘑࿯ߩ㉯ᚑ)Ԟ ᄙ᭽ᕈ‫ޔ‬ᨵエᕈ‫ޔ‬ㅢ᳇ᕈ߇㎛ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ળ␠ߩㇱ⟑ߏߣߣ޿߁⠨߃ᣇ߽᦭⋉ԟ Safety-net (୘‫ੱߩޘ‬ᩰ࡮޿ࠈ޿ࠈߥᓎഀ

ߢߪߥ޿߆‫ޕ‬9ߩዅ㊀)ߩ⏕଻‫⛽ޔ‬ᜬ‫ޕ‬⡯႐࡟ࡌ࡞ߩᣇ╷Ԥ㧦઀੐߳ߩ⥝๧‫ޔ‬㑐߇᜼ߍࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᔃߪࡢ࡯ࠢࠛࡦࠥ࡯ࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߣ㑐ㅪ߇޽ߘߩᓟߩ⾰⇼ᔕ╵‫ޔ‬ㅊട⊒⸒ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ࠅߘ߁ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔ߅ߥޕ‬ㆊ෰ߩ↥ᬺࠬ࠻࡟

9⡯႐࡟ࡌ࡞ߩᣇ╷Ԡ㧦ᧄੱߩᏗᦸ߿ᦼᓙ

ࠬᕈἴኂߦ㑐ߔࠆⵙ್଀ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿઀ߣળ␠ߩⷐᦸ㧔ਈ߃ࠆ઀੐㧕ߩࡒࠬࡑ࠶

੐߇⺖ߐࠇߚ႐วߦߪߘࠇߦߥߓ߻߹ߢ

࠴ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ੱޔ‬੐ഭോ਄ߩࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡔ

ߦ৻ቯߩᤨ㑆߇߆߆ࠆߎߣߪ‫↪૶ޔ‬⠪஥ࡦ࠻⊛ߥߎߣࠍᗧ࿑ߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߆㧫ߣ޿ߦ߅޿ߡᒰὼߦᛠីߔߴ߈ߢ޽ߞߚߣ߆‫ޔ‬߁⾰໧ߦኻߒߡ‫઀޿ߚࠅ߿ޔ‬੐ߣߐߖߚ

ᣂߒ޿઀੐ࠍⷡ߃ࠆߚ߼ߩ๟࿐ߩᡰេߥ

޿઀੐߇ࡑ࠶࠴ߔࠇ߫‫ޔ‬୘‫ߩޘ‬ᓥᬺຬ߽޿ߒᡰេᘒ൓ࠍᢛ஻ߔߴ߈ߢ޽ߞߚߣ޿

−  −

9ߞߚߎߣ߇␜ߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇޽ߞߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇޿߈޿߈ஜᐽ⡯႐ߦᄢಾߢ޽ࠆ

઀੐ߣᧄੱߩ⋧ᕈߦ⸒෸ߔࠆ߽ߩ߽޽ߞ

ߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠢ࡯ࡢߚߒߣ߈޿߈޿߇ࠇߘޕ‬ߚ‫ޕ‬ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖ࡯ࠍ૞ࠆߎߣߦߟߥ߇ࠆ‫ޕ‬ડᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩᣇ╷ԟ㧦࠮࡯ࡈ࠹ࠖ࡯ࡀ࠶

ࠕ㧕࠮࡞ࡈ㧔ഭ௛⠪ߩ࡟ࡌ࡞㧕ߢߩᣇ╷࠻ߦ㑐ߔࠆⵙ್଀ߩᅢ଀ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬㧿㧱㧳ᓥᬺຬ㧔㕖ᱜⷙ⡯ຬ߽฽߼ߡ㧕ߩ઀੐ߩࠬ

㧭ࠛࡦ࠲࡯ࡊ࡜ࠗ࠭੐ઙ߇᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠠ࡞ࠕ࠶ࡊ‫⥄ޔ‬Ꮖታ⃻ߩᗧ⼂ࠍ㜞߼ߡ޿ߊᔅ

ߎߩ್଀ߪ‫ޔ‬઒ߦ‫ޔ‬Ფᐕਅ૏ 10㧑ߦ޽ࠆⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔ᐜዋᦼ߆ࠄߩᢎ⢒ߦߟ޿ߡ߽࿖

ᚑ❣ߩᖡ޿ੱߚߜࠍੱຬ೥ᷫߒߡ޿ߊߣ

ߦ᳞߼ߡ޿ߊᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ડᬺߢ⢒ߡߡ޿ࠆ޿ߞߚߎߣࠍߔࠆߣ‫ߦ߆ߒߚޔ‬ᣂⷙណ↪

૛⵨߇ߥ޿ㇱಽ߇޽ࠆ‫ ޕ‬ߦࠃߞߡᣂ㒸ઍ⻢ߪⴕࠊࠇࠆ߇‫⊛⚳ᦨޔ‬ࠗ㧕↥ᬺ଻ஜࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩᣇ╷ߦੱ߇౉ࠇᦧࠊߞߡߒ߹޿ᒰೋߩੱߪ⺕ታߪ↥ᬺ଻ஜࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ߇ߢ߈ࠆߎߣߪዋߥ

߽޿ߥߊߥࠆ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޔ‬ኻᔕࠍળ␠ߣ

޿ߩߢߪߥ޿߆‫ޕ‬㧔ஜᐽ⁁ᘒࠍᛠីߒߡ⼊๔ࠍߒߡⴕ߁ߩߪᅢ߹ߒߊߥ޿‫⿰߁޿ߣޔ‬ᣦ಴ߔߎߣߪ᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޕ‬㧕ᧄ᧪‫޿߈޿ޔ‬ࠍㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩ߈ߢޕ‬ᖡ޿ੱ‫ޔ‬ஜᐽ⁁ᘒ߈ஜᐽ⡯႐ࠍߟߊࠆߩߪ‫▤ࡦࠗ࡜ޔ‬ℂ⠪߇ⴕߩᖡ޿ੱࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦᛒ߁ߩ߆‫߁޿ߣޔ‬߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߩߪኻ⽎⠪ᧄੱߩߺߥࠄߕ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ో૕ߩ࠙㧕ડᬺߣߒߡߩᣇ╷ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߦᓇ㗀ࠍߔࠆ‫ߩ߽ߩߤޕ‬Ԙࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߩߢ߈ࠆ࡜ࠗࡦ▤ℂ⡯ߩߐߒࠍ߽ߞߡ಴᧪߇ᖡ޿ߣ޿߁႐วߦ޿

⢒ᚑ‫ޔ‬ԙ⦟޿ࡢ࡯ࠢࠞ࡞࠴ࡖ࡯ࠍߟߊࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬ߟ߹ߢ߽㓹↪ࠍ⛮⛯ߔࠆߎߣ߇⦟޿ߣ޿

Ԛੱߩ⹏ଔߩゲߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᬺ❣ߦߣࠄࠊࠇߔ߉

߁ࠊߌߢߪߥ޿߇‫⃻ߣࠆߔߣߞࠂ߭ޔ‬࿷ߕ⚵‫❱ޔ‬ㆇ༡ߩⷞὐࠍ౉ࠇࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬ԛੱ⊛㈩ዞ޿ߡ޿ࠆ઀੐߇ᧄੱߦߣߞߡ⋧ᕈߩᖡ⟎‫ޔ‬Ԝડᬺࡐ࡝ࠪ࡯ߥߤ߇᜼ߍࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬޿઀੐ߥߩ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫ޔ‬ㆡ᧚ㆡᚲ߇ߢ

ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⼏⺰ࠍⴕ߁ਛߢ‫ޔ‬ડᬺߣ࿖ߩ╷߈ࠇ߫ࠃߊߥࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫ߚߞ޿ߣޔ‬߿ⷙ೙ߣߪಾࠅ㔌ߒߡ⠨߃ࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޔ‬ⷞὐߪᔅⷐ‫߃ߣߚޔߚ߹ޕ‬୘‫ᦨ߇ੱޘ‬ೋߣ޿߁ᗧ⷗߇಴ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬࿖࡟ࡌ࡞ߢኻ╷ࠍⴕߪᧂᾫߥ⁁ᘒߦ޽ߞߡ߽‫ޔ‬ᓢ‫ߦޘ‬ᚑ㐳ߔ߁㧔╷ߩߚ߼ߩ᩺ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆ㧕ᤨߪ࿖ᄖߩᖱ

ࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ઀੐߇߁߹ߊߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁

൓‫⁁ޔ‬ᴫࠍⷰኤ‫ޔ‬ᛠីߒߥ߇ࠄⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ߩ

ߦߥࠆน⢻ᕈ߽޽ࠆߩߢ‫ޔ‬⍴౓ᕆߦಾࠅ

ߙ߹ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔ડᬺߩᛮߌ㆏߇޽ࠆߩߢ‫ޕ‬㧕߹ߚᝥߡࠆࠃ߁ߥ⊒ᗐߦߪ໧㗴߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ડᬺߣߒߡߪ‫߈޿߈޿ޔ‬ஜᐽ⡯႐ࠍ૞ߞߡ޿
߈ߚ޿ߩߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬㧔⚻ᷣߩ෩ߒ޿ਛߢ㧕ᄖ࿖㧞㧕╙㧞ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㧔⾗ᢱԛ㧕ᆎ߼ߦ̌ஜᐽ̍ߣߪ૗߆ࠍ⠨߃‫ޔ‬ਥⷰ⊛ஜ߳ߩዷ㐿ߥߤ߽޽ߞߡߥ߆ߥ߆৻૕ᗵࠍ૞ߞ

ᐽᗵ‫ޔ‬዁᧪ߩᏗᦸ‫ޔ‬㧔නߦ∔∛߇ߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߎ

ߡ޿ߊߩߪ㔍ߒ޿‫ޕ‬㧔㓹↪ࠍჇ߿ߔߚ߼ߦ㕖ᱜߣߢߪߥߊ㧕ࡊ࡜ࠬߩⷐ⚛ࠍ฽߻߽ߩߣ޿߁

ⷙഭ௛ࠍ೙㒢ߔࠆࠃ߁ߥⷙ೙ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߦࠃ

⹺⼂ߢ⸛⼏ࠍ߅ߎߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ஜᐽ޿߈޿߈⡯႐ߞߡ‫ޔ‬ડᬺ஥ߪᶏᄖߩ቟޿ഭ௛ࠍ᳞߼ࠆࠃ߁

ߩⷐઙࠍ⠨߃ࠆ႐ว‫▤ࡦࠗ࡜ޔ‬ℂ⡯߇㎛ߢ޽ߦߥࠆ‫⚿ޕ‬ᨐߣߒߡ㕖ᱜⷙߣߒߡ௛ߊߎߣ߇

ࠆ‫ޔࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯ࠤ࠾ࡘࡒࠦޕ‬ખ㑆ᗧ⼂߿৻૕ᗵ಴᧪ߡ޿ߚੱߚߜ߽௛ߌߥߊߥࠆࠃ߁ߥ੐ᘒ

ߥߤߩ㊀ⷐᕈ߇ߎࠇ߹ߢߩળ⼏ߢ᜼ߍࠄࠇߡ

߽↢ߓ߁ࠆ‫⥄ޕ‬ὼߦ߹߆ߖࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡဋ

޿ࠆ߇‫▤ࡦࠗ࡜ޔ‬ℂ⠪⥄り߇޿߈޿߈ߣ௛޿

ⴧ⁁ᘒ߇଻ߚࠇࠆߣ޿ߞߚߎߣ߽⦟޿߆߽ߒ

−  −

ࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬ડᬺߪ࿖ߩᨒࠍ⿥߃ߡ઀੐ߒߡ޿ࠆ

ᴺⷙ೙ߥߤ߇ߐࠇࠆߣߘࠇߪ↢߹ࠇߥ޿‫ޔ‬ߩߢ‫ޔ‬࿖ౝߢ૗ࠄ߆ߩⷙ೙ࠍߒߡ߽ᄖ࿖ߦㅏ

ߣ޿߁ᗧ⷗߇ㅀߴࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ߍࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ડᬺߩ⚻ᷣᵴേߩਛߢ೑

9ߢߪߥ޿‫ޕࠆ޽ߢ߈ߴࠆ޽߇ߣߎ߁޿ߣޔ‬⋉ࠍ਄ߍࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠅ‫ⷙߥࠈ޿ࠈ޿ޔ‬೙ߩਛߢേ޿ߡ޿ߊߩߢ‫ⷙޔ‬೙߇޽ࠆડᬺߢߪታല

޿߈޿߈⡯႐ߩ೨ឭߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛ߪ໡ຠ

9޿߈޿߈⡯႐ࠍ૞ࠆߚ߼ߦߪߤࠎߥᢎ⢒ᕈ߇ߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣ߽޽ࠆ‫ߢ⁁⃻ޔࠅ߹ߟޕ‬ࠍߔࠇ߫ࠃ޿߆㧫ߣ޿߁⾰໧ߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᱜ␠ຬࠍ߽ߞߣჇ߿ߒߡ߶ߒ޿ߣ᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ

᭽‫ߥޘ‬ଔ୯ⷰࠍᜬߟ‫⥄ޔ‬ಽߩᗧ⷗ࠍ⴫⃻߽ߘࠇߪડᬺߩ⽶ᜂߢჇ߿ߔߣ޿߁ߎߣߦߥ

ߢ߈ࠆ‫ߥࠈ޿ࠈ޿ޔ‬ゲߢ⥄ಽߩน⢻ᕈࠍࠅ‫ޔ‬ડᬺߪ೎ߩߣߎࠈߦ⸃᳿╷ࠍ᳞߼ߡߒ߹

⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߥ߹߹߇ࠊޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᗧ⷗ࠍㅀ߁‫ޕ‬㧔૗߽╷ࠍߒߥ޿ߎߣࠃࠅ╷ࠍߣࠆ߶߁

ߴߚࠅൎᚻߥߎߣࠍߔࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߪ

߇‫ޔ‬ㅒലᨐߦߥࠆߎߣ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߒߛߚޕ‬ߥߊ‫ޔ‬࿅૕ᵴേ߇ߢ߈ࠆߎߣ߇ⷐઙߢ޽

᡽ᐭߣߒߡ╷ࠍᣉߐߥ޿ߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬ኻᔕࠍోߊ

ࠈ߁ߣㅀߴࠄࠇߚ‫ߦࠇߎޕ‬㑐ㅪߒߡ‫╙ޔ‬ߒߡ޿ߥ޿ߣฃߌขࠄࠇࠆߩߢ‫ޔ‬૗ࠄ߆ߩ╷৻ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢߪ୘ੱߩ࠳ࠗࡃ࡯ࠪ࠹ࠖ‫ޔ‬ࠍߣࠆߎߣߦߥࠆߩߢ޽ࠈ߁㧕㧕ߘߩࠃ߁ߥਛ

ߎࠇߪ୘ੱߩੱᩰᒻᚑ‫ߦࡊ࠶ࠕ࡞ࠠࠬޔ‬ߦ޽ߞߡߪ▤ℂ⋙〈⠪߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫߁޿ߣޔ‬ߪᓎ┙ߟ߽ߩߥߩߛ߇‫ޔ‬ડᬺᵴേߣߩද

ᗧ⷗߇ߛߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬⺞߽㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ᗧ⷗߇಴ߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ߎߩਔ┙‫ߪࠬࡦ࡜ࡃޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߩ႐㕙ߢ߽㊀⾰⇼ᔕ╵߿ㅊട⊒⸒ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬
9ⷐߥ੐ᨩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⃻࿷‫▤ࡦࠗ࡜ޔ‬ℂ⠪߇ࡊ࡟ࠗࠗࡦࠣࡑࡀ
࡯ࠫࡖ࡯ߢ޽ࠅ‫࠻ࡦࡔࠫ࡯ࡀࡑޔ‬⢻ജߩ

9߇ᄢಾߢߪߥ޿߆‫ޕ‬ή޿ੱ߽޿ࠆ‫▤ࡦࠗ࡜ޕ‬ℂ⡯ࠍࠨࡐ࡯࠻
ߔࠆੱࠍߟߌߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ޿႐ว߽޽

99޿߈޿߈⡯႐‫ࠍࠇߘޔ‬୘ੱ߇᳞߼ࠆജ

9ࠗ㧕↥ᬺ଻ஜࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߩߢ߈ࠆߎߣߪዋ

ࠆ‫⁁ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ᴫࠍ⸃᳿ߒߡ޿ߊᔅⷐ

ߥ޿ߣߩߎߣߢ޽ࠆ߇‫↥ޔ‬ᬺ଻ஜࠬ࠲࠶

߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

ࡈߪዞᬺ೙㒢߿∔∛▤ℂߩㇱಽߢ㑐ࠊࠅ‫ޔ‬㕖ᱜⷙ㓹↪ߩ஥ߣߔࠆߣ⥄ಽࠍᄁࠅㄟ߼

↥ᬺ଻ஜᏧߪஜᐽࠍࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼ߣߒߡ㓸ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠇ߫ࠃ޿߇‫ߪ੹ޔ‬ળ␠஥ߦㆬ

࿅ߩࠛࡦࡄࡢࡔࡦ࠻ߩ஥㕙⊛ᡰេߩ⚻㛎߫ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ળ␠߇߶ߒ޿ߣᕁ߃ࠆੱ᧚

ࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔࠍߣߎߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ડᬺࠍ⢒ᚑߒߡ޿ߊᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߩਛߢ৻ㅪߩ⼏⺰߇ߢ߈ࠆߣ⦟޿ߣᕁࠊ

࿖࡟ࡌ࡞ߣߩ╷ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ஜᐽ↢߈↢߈ࠇࠆ‫↢ⴡޕ‬ᆔຬળߣ޿ߞߚᨒ⚵ߺߛߌߢ⡯႐ߣߩ㑐ㅪߢߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥߎߣ߇⸒߃

ߥߊ‫▤ࡦࠗ࡜ޔ‬ℂ⠪‫▤↢ⴡޔ‬ℂ⠪ߦࠃࠆࠆߛࠈ߁߆‫⾰߁޿ߣޔ‬໧ߦኻߒߡߪ‫⥄ޔ‬࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊߦ߽ߣߠߊ⼏⺰ߥߤ߇ᦸ↱ᐲ߇ਅ߇ࠆߣળ␠ߩ⽶ᜂ߇Ⴧ߃‫ޔ‬㓹↪

߹ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬

஥ߣⵍ㓹↪⠪஥߇ᢜኻߔࠆ┙႐ߢߪ޿߈

㧟㧕╙㧟ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㧔⾗ᢱԜ㧕޿߈⡯႐߇↢߹ࠇߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬෩ߒ޿ⷙ೙߇ ╙㧟ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢߪ‫̌ޔ‬㧔⚻ᷣᄌേᦼߦ߅ߌ

޽ࠆߣ߅੕޿ࠍࠃߊߒߚ޿ߣ޿߁߰߁ߦ

ࠆ㧕̍ߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍ⠨ᘦߦ౉ࠇߕߦ⼏⺰ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߥࠄߕߦ‫┙ޔ‬႐ࠍਥᒛߔࠆߎߣ߇↢߹ࠇ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߢߪ␠ળ⊛ᡰេߩ㊀ⷐᕈߩ⹺⼂ߪ㧔ߔߢ޿߈޿߈ߩᣇะߦߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬ડᬺߩ஥ߦ

ߦ㧕㜞߹ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬ᡰេߣ㑐ㅪߔࠆⷐ↢߈↢߈ߦኻߔࠆ㔓࿐᳇߇↢߹ࠇߥ޿ߒ‫ޔ‬࿃ߣߒߡኻੱ⪾⮮߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ߇‫ߪࠇߎޔ‬ᡰ−  −

េߩⵣ㄰ߒߢߪߥ޿߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫ޔ‬߈ߩ࡞࡯࠻߇৻ᧄൻߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᖱႎࠍ౏৻૕ᗵ‫ߚߞ޿ߣ⮮⪾ޔ‬ౝኈߦߟ޿ߡ߽ᡰេߣ

㐿ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ㅘ᣿ᕈ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ഭ௛⠪߇ᗧ৻✜ߦߖߕߦᛒߞߡ޿ߊᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔ᡰេ⷗ࠍ಴ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ߆‫ߡ┙ߒ↳⼏⇣ޔ‬߇ᄙߊ޽ߞߡ߽޿߈޿߈ߒߥ޿႐ว߽޽ࠆ߆

߇ߢ߈ࠆ߆‫⓹ߩߤߥ࡜ࡂࡢࡄޔ‬ญ߇ᯏ⢻߽ߒࠇߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧕ߢ߈ߡ޿ࠆߥߤ߇㊀ⷐ‫ޕ‬⃻࿷㐿⊒ਛߩᣂ⺞ᩏ␿㗄⋡ߢߪ‫╉ޔ‬㗻߇޽ԛ ♖␹⊛࡝ࡢ࡯࠼߇޽ࠆ‫⹏ޕ‬ଔࠍ߈ߜࠎߣ

ࠆ⡯႐ߛ‫߁޿ߣޔ‬㗄⋡߇ឭ᩺ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߦ㄰ߒߡ޿ߊߎߣ߇㆐ᚑᗵ‫ࠅ߿ޔ‬╉㗻ߪ⦟ᅢߥੱ㑆㑐ଥߩ⽎ᓽߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ႐

߇޿ߦߟߥ߇ࠆ‫⹏ޕ‬ଔࠍ߈ߜࠎߣ㄰ߘ߁

วߣ‫ᧄޔ‬ᒰߦᭉߒ޿ߣᕁߞߡ઀੐ࠍߒߡ޿ߡ

ߣߔࠆദജࠍ਄ม߇ߒߡ޿ࠆ߆‫઀ޔ‬੐߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆ╉㗻ߣߢߪ⇣ߥࠆน⢻ᕈ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߤߩࠃ߁ߥߣߎࠈߦ૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇ‫ߩߤޔ‬㧔⵾ㅧᬺ‫ޔ‬༡ᬺ⡯‫⽼ޔ‬ᄁࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ⡯ߥߤ‫ޔ‬⡯ࠃ߁ߥⷐ⚛߇޽ߞߡ‫ߗߥޔ‬ᄢ੐ߥߩ߆‫ޔ‬⒳ᬺ⒳ߢౝኈ߇⇣ߥࠆน⢻ᕈ߽޽ࠆߣ߅߽ࠊ

વ߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ߆‫ޕࠆ޽ߢߣߎ߁޿ߣޔ‬ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㧕

઀੐߇ߢ߈ߡ޿ࠆߥࠄ‫ߡ߈ߢߣࠎߜ߈ޔ‬޿ࠆߨ‫␠ߣޔ‬ຬߦ㄰ߒߡ޿ߊߎߣ߇ᄢಾ

ౕ૕⊛ߦ‫߈޿̌߫ࠇߔࠍߣߎߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

޿߈̍ߣߒߚ⡯႐ߦߥࠆ߆‫ⷐߩߘޔ‬ઙ‫᧦ޔ‬ઙߦߟ޿ߡ⼏⺰ߒߚ⚿ᨐએਅߩ੐ᨩ߇᜼ߍࠄࠇԜ ઀੐ࠍࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ᗵⷡ

ߚ‫ޕ‬ߪߤ߁߿ߞߡ↢߹ࠇߡߊࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁߆㧫Ԙ ߹ߕ‫ޔ‬਄ม߆ࠄߩᡰេࠍ㜞߼ࠆߎߣ߇㊀ߦߟ޿ߡ⠨߃ߚ‫޿ߡ߈ߢ࡞࡯ࡠ࠻ࡦࠦޕ‬ⷐ‫࠻࡯ࡐࠨޕ‬㧔ᖱ✜⊛‫ޔ‬㆏ౕ⊛‫ޔ‬ᖱႎ⊛㧕ࠆߎߣ߇̌޿߈޿߈̍ߣ㑐ㅪߔࠆߥࠄ߫‫ޔ‬߇ឭଏߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⚵઀ߥ߁ࠃߩߘߚ߹ޔ‬઀੐ߦഀߌࠆᤨ㑆‫ޔ‬ભᥜߩ೑↪‫࠶࡟ࡈޔ‬ߺ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߎߣ߇㊀ⷐ‫ࡐࠨߩߘߚ߹ޕ‬ࠢࠬߥߤ߇೙ᐲ਄ߩߺߥࠄߕ߈ߜࠎߣ૶

࡯࠻ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ߊ႐วߦߪ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߩ▤ℂ↪ߢ߈ߡ޿ࠆ߆‫߽ߤߥޔ‬㊀ⷐ‫ޕ‬ࠍⴕ޿ߥ߇ࠄࠨࡐ࡯࠻߇ߢ߈ࠆߎߣ‫ࡑޔ‬ԝ ᤨ㑆ࠍ޿߆ߦ㓸࿅ߣߒߡ߁߹ߊ૶߃ߡ޿

ࡀ࡯ࠫࡔࡦ࠻߇޿߆ߦߒߞ߆ࠅߢ߈ߡ޿

ࠆ߆‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߣߒߡࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ߒߡ޿ࠆ

ࠆ߆‫߈޿߈޿߇ޔ‬⡯႐ߦߪᄢಾߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬߆‫߇ޔ‬ஜᐽᐲߣ㑐ㅪ߇ᒝ޿ࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇ

ᦨㄭߩ⡯႐ߢߪ‫઀ޔ‬੐߇㧔਄ม߆ࠄㇱਅࠆ‫઀ޔߪߦࠇߎޕ‬੐ࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣ߽㑐ߦ㧕ᛩߍࠄࠇ‫ᦨߣ߼ߓߪޔ‬ᓟߛߌ਄ม߇

ㅪߔࠆ㑐ࠊࠆ‫߁޿ߣޔ‬ᒻᑼ߇ᄙ޿‫ޕ‬ㅜਛㆊ⒟ࠍԞ ᚑ㐳ߩᯏળߣࠠࡖ࡝ࠕᒻᚑࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦ

޽߹ࠅ෩ߒߊ▤ℂߒߡ޿ߊߎߣߪㇱਅߩߔࠅวࠊߖߡ޿ߊ߆‫ޔ‬ᬌ⸛߇ᔅⷐ‫ޕ‬ળ␠

ⵙ㊂ࠍૐ߼ߡߒ߹߁߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬ㅜߣ୘ੱߩᦸ߻߽ߩߣߩਵ㔌߇߹ߛሽ࿷ߔ

ਛㆊ⒟ߦ߆߆ࠊߞߡ޿ߊߎߣ߽ᄢಾߢ޽

ࠆ‫ޕ‬୘ੱߩᦸ߻ࠠࡖ࡝ࠕߩᄙ᭽ᕈࠍળ␠

ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߣߒߡឭଏߢ߈ߡ޿ߥ޿႐ว߽޽ࠆ‫⇣ޕ‬േ⊓㍳೙߽߭ߣߟߩ᩺ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ԙ ⚻༡ጀߣᓥᬺຬߣߩା㗬㑐ଥ߇㊀ⷐ‫ޕ‬ା㗬㑐ଥߩ᭴▽ߦߪ‫⚻ޔ‬༡ጀ߇ᱜߒ޿ᖱႎԟ ਄มߩᡰេߛߌߢߥߊ⚻༡஥ߩᡰេ߽㊀ࠍᓥᬺຬߦ⺑᣿ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐ‫ޕ‬ⷐ‫ޔࠅ߹ߟޕ‬ળ␠߇⡯႐ࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆߣ޿Ԛ ౏ᐔߥ㔓࿐᳇߇޽ࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬ᐔ╬ߪήℂߢ߁઀⚵ߺߩਛߢ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩ⚵❱ߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍ߽౏ᐔᕈ߇޽ࠆߎߣߪᄢಾߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᚻ⛯⚻༡ጀ߇ℂ⸃ߒߚ਄ߢ⹏ଔࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ

−  −

ᬺ஥߆ࠄߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴߽㊀ⷐߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬

ߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԡ ␠ຬᣏⴕ߿࡟ࠢ࡝ࠛ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ߇ᓳᵴߒߡ

એ਄ߩ⸛⼏ࠍ〯߹߃‫ޔ‬ஜᐽ޿߈޿߈⡯႐ࠍ૞޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᤄߪߘࠇߢଔ୯ⷰ߇౒᦭ߢ߈ߡ

ࠆߚ߼ߩᣇ╷ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬Ԙ୘ੱ‫ޔ‬ԙ⡯႐න૏ߢ޿ߚ߇੹ߪߤ߁ߥߩߛࠈ߁߆㧫ߩࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡔࡦ࠻‫ޔ‬Ԛડᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩ᧦ઙ‫ޔ‬ԡ ഭ௛⠪߇‫ޔ‬ฦ⥄ߩᓧᗧߥಽ㊁ߢ⽸₂ߢ߈ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ⚛᩺ߩឭ᩺߇น⢻ߣߥߞߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ࠆߎߣ㧔ߘࠇࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣ㧕߇ᄢಾ‫ޕ‬࿖‫⚻ޔ‬࿅ㅪ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⚵ว߇ߤ߁ߔߴ߈߆‫޿ߣޔ‬઀੐ߩ਄ߢ⚵❱ߦ⽸₂ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁⹺

ߞߚߎߣ߽ᬌ⸛ߦട߃ߡⴕߊߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽

⼂ࠍ⊝߇౒᦭ߒߡ޿ࠇ߫‫ߩߘޔ‬ഭ௛⠪߇ࠆߣߩ⹺⼂ߢ৻⥌ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍߣࠆߎߣ߇⧰ᚻߥ

㧞㧚╙㧠࿁ࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯ળ⼏⸛⼏ౝኈੱߩ႐วߢ߽̌޿߈޿߈̍ߦߟߥ߇ࠆߎ

╙ 3 ࿁߹ߢߩ⸛⼏ࠍ߰߹߃੐ോዪ߇૞ᚑߒ

ߣ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ߚࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ߩ৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩߚ߼ߩࠕԢ ડᬺ߇ఢߌએᄖߩⷞὐߢ⚵❱ࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆ

࡚ࠢࠪࡦ⚛᩺߇ឭ␜ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ฦࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦಽ߆

ߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ડᬺᣇ㊎ߢߪ‫␠ޔ‬ળࠇߡ⸛⼏߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ‫ౕߩ⼏⸛ޕ‬૕⊛ౝኈߪએ

⽸₂‫ޔ‬ⅣႺ߳ߩ㈩ᘦࠍឝߍߡߪ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ਅߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ഭ௛⠪୘ੱࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆ㓙ߦߪఢߌࠍ㊀ⷞ㧝㧕╙㧝ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㧔⾗ᢱԞ㧕ߒߡߒ߹ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬߹ߕࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ⚛᩺ߩ᭴ᚑ߇໧㗴ߣߒߡឭԣ ⹏ଔゲߣߒߡ‫⊛␹♖ޔ‬ႎ㈽߽౉ࠇㄟ߻ߎ

⿠ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ஜᐽ޿߈޿߈⡯႐ታ⃻ߩߚ߼ߩࠕ

ߣ߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㊄㌛એᄖߩኻଔߣߒߡ

࡚ࠢࠪࡦߪ‫ޔ‬ડᬺ‫ޔ‬ㇱ⟑‫ޔ‬୘ੱ߇ࡃ࡜ࡃ࡜ߢ

ឭଏߢ߈ࠆ߽ߩࠍડᬺ߇␠ຬߦឭ␜ߒߡ

޽ࠆߎߣߪ⠨߃ߦߊ޿‫ޕ‬ડᬺߣߒߡⴕ߅߁ߣ

޿ߊ‫ޕ‬ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇‫ޔ‬ㇱ⟑࡟ࡌ࡞‫ޔ‬୘ੱ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦԤ ⡯႐ߩஜᐽ߿̌޿߈޿߈̍ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ഭኻᔕߒߡ޿ࠆߪߕߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ડᬺ߇޽ࠆ

௛⠪ߚߜߦ⡯႐ߢ⠨߃ߐߖࠆߎߣ‫ߩߘޔ‬ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦࠍ⿠ߎߘ߁ߣߔࠆߣ߈ߦ‫ޔ‬ㇱ⟑࡟઀⚵ߺࠍ૞ࠆߎߣ߇ᄢ੐ߢ޽ࠆ‫޿߈޿ޕ‬ࡌ࡞‫ޔ‬୘ੱ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢౕ૕⊛ߦߤߩࠃ߁ߥߎߣ

߈ஜᐽ⡯႐ࠍήℂ߿ࠅߦ᛼ߒઃߌࠆߩߢ

ࠍⴕ߃߫ࠃ޿ߩ߆‫ޔ‬᳞߼ߚࠄ⦟޿ߩ߆‫߇ޔ‬ಽߪᗧ๧߇ߥ޿‫߈޿߈޿ޕ‬ஜᐽ⡯႐ߪഭ௛߆ࠆᒻߩࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ࡝ࠬ࠻߇ឭ␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ

↢↥ᕈߥߤߦ߅߈߆߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ߆

ߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ߒ޿‫ߩߣޔ‬ᗧ⷗߇಴ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬એᓟ‫ޔ‬߽ߒࠇߥ޿߇‫⥄ޔ‬ಽߚߜߢ⠨߃ߐߖࠆߎ

ฦࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦߦኻߔࠆ㊀ⷐᕈ‫ޔ‬ታᣉน⢻ᕈߩߣ߇ᄢಾߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⹏ଔ߿⚦ㇱߦࠊߚࠆᬌ⸛ߪⴕࠊߕ‫࡚ࠪࠢࠕޔ‬ߣ޿ߞߚ੐ᨩ߇᜼ߍࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ࡦ᩺ߩᢛℂߩ઀ᣇ‫ޔ‬ឭ␜ߩ઀ᣇࠍਛᔃߦ⸛⼏એ਄ߩ 3 ⃰ߩ⸛⼏ߪએਅߩࠃ߁ߦ✚᜝ߐࠇ㧔ߚߛߒ‫ޔ‬㧟ߟߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢขࠅ⚵߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ߚ‫ ߜࠊߥߔޕ‬3 ⃰ߦ౒ㅢߔࠆ੐ᨩߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ஜ߹ߥ޿ߣߥࠄߥ޿‫߁޿ߣޔ‬ᗧ๧ߢߪᔅߕߒ߽

ᐽ޿߈޿߈⡯႐ࠍ૞ࠆߚ߼ߩᣇ╷ߣߒߡ▤ℂ

ߥߊ‫ߥ⇣߇ࠖ࠹࡝ࠝࠗ࡜ࡊߡߞࠃߦ࡞ࡌ࡟ޔ‬⡯߇㎛ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ‫▤ޕࠆ޽߇ޔ‬ℂ⡯ߩࡑࡀ࡯ࠆ߽ߩߪ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧕ࠫࡔࡦ࠻ࠬࠠ࡞ࠍะ਄ߔࠆߎߣ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬએਅ‫ౕޔ‬૕⊛ߦ᜼ߍࠄࠇߚ⼏⺰ߩౝኈߣߒ

⥄りߦ᳇ߠ߈ࠍଦߔߎߣ߽ᄢಾߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠄߐޕ‬ߡ‫ޔ‬ߦ‫ޔ‬ડᬺో૕ߩࡔ࠶࠮࡯ࠫ㧔଀߃߫‫ޔ‬ડᬺ߇

9⡯႐ߩᯏ⢻ࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆ㧕‫ޔߤߥࡦ࡚ࠪ࠶ࡒޔ‬ડ−  −

ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ᩺ߪ㧔ડᬺ‫ޔ‬ㇱ⟑‫ޔ‬୘ੱߣ޿߁࡟ࡌ࡞ಽߌߩ߶߆ߦ‫ޔ‬㧕ౝኈߩᕈᩰ߇⇣ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߥࠆ߽ߩ߇✂⟜⊛ߦ೉᜼ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫଀ޕ‬߃߫‫ੱޔ‬੐⠨⺖ߩ઀⚵ߺ࡮೙ᐲ࡮ㆇ↪ߣ

9ડᬺⷙᮨߦࠃߞߡࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦߩᢛℂߩ઀޿ߞߚⷰὐ߿‫᧚ੱޔ‬⢒ᚑ⊛஥㕙ߥߤߩ૗ᣇࠍಽߌࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆‫଀ޕ‬ࠄ߆ߩᜰᮡߦၮߠ޿ߚᢛℂ߇น⢻ߣ⠨߃߃߫ਛዊડᬺߢߪ‫ޔ‬ㇱ⟑ߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߪᔅⷐ

ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬

ߥߊ‫ޔ‬ડᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞ߣ୘ੱ࡟ࡌ࡞‫ޔ‬႐วߦડᬺో૕ߣߒߡߪ৻ߟߩᄢ߈ߥ઀੐ࠍⴕ

ࠃߞߡߪડᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞ߛߌߢᢛℂߔࠆߎߣߞߡ޿ߊߩߢ‫ޔ‬ડᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ໧㗴࡮ࠕ߽ࠢน⢻ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬࡚ࠪࡦߦㇱ⟑‫ޔ‬୘ੱ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ໧㗴࡮ࠕࠢ

9߹ߕߪડᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩ㗄⋡ࠍౣᬌ⸛‫ޔ‬ᢛ࡚ࠪࡦࠍኻᔕߐߖࠆߴ߈ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ℂߒߡ‫ࠍࠇߘޔ‬ㇱ⟑࡟ࡌ࡞‫ޔ‬୘ੱ࡟ࡌ࡞

৻ㇱߦߪ࡟ࡌ࡞ಽᢿ⊛ߥኻᔕ߇ᔅⷐߥ߽

ߩࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦߣ࡝ࡦࠢߐߖߡ޿ߊᣇᴺ߇

ߩ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ታ㓙ߦ⃻႐ߢ໧㗴ߦኻᔕߒߡ

⦟޿ߩߢߪߥ޿߆‫ޕ‬޿ߊ႐วߢ߽‫ޔ‬ᖱႎࠍ⚻༡ጀ߇⍮ߞߡ߅

9

9

9

⴫⃻߇ࠊ߆ࠅߦߊ޿‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ౝኈ߇᛽߆ߥ޿ߣડᬺߣߒߡᵴേ߇ⴕ޿ߦߊ޿႐

⽎⊛ߢ⸒⪲ߩቯ⟵߇ᔅⷐߣᕁࠊࠇࠆࠕࠢ

ว߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡚ࠪࡦߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ડᬺ஥߇ࠊ߆ࠅ߿ߔ

ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦࠍડᬺߢታⴕߒߡ޿ߊߦ޽ߚ

޿ᢥ⸒࡮⴫⃻ࠍ૶↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߞߡߪ‫ޔ‬ડᬺ㘑࿯‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߘߣ߽ߣ߽ޔ‬9ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ࡝ࠬ࠻ߩ૞ᚑߦ޽ߚߞߡߪ‫ޔ‬ߎߣ߇㧔޽ࠆ⒟ᐲ㧕ታᣉߐࠇߡ޿ࠆડᬺ

ᄙߊߩੱ߇໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆߣ⹺⼂ߒߡ޿ࠆ⺖߆‫⌕ߊోޔ‬ᚻߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿⁁ᴫ߆ߦࠃߞ

㗴ߦኻߔࠆࠗࡔ࡯ࠫ߆ࠄ㗄⋡┙ߡߒ⼏⺰ߡ‫ࠅߣߩࡦ࡚ࠪࠢࠕޔ‬ᣇ߇⇣ߥࠆߣᕁࠊ

ߒߡ޿ߊᣇᴺߣ‫ࠍ࡯࡝ࠧ࠹ࠞޔ‬᳿߼ߚࠅࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ૶޿ᚻ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߥ⴫⃻ߦୃ⸒⪲ߩቯ⟵ࠍⴕߞߡ߆ࠄߘࠇߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆᱜߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ߦߢߔޔߚ߹ޕ‬೙ᐲ⊛㗄⋡ࠍ೉᜼ߒߡ޿ߊᣇᴺߣੑㅢࠅ⠨߃ࠄߥ߽ߩ߇಴᧪਄߇ߞߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߥડᬺߢ

ࠇࠆ߽‫ߩߘޔ‬೙ᐲ⸳⸘߿೙ᐲߩㆇ↪ࠍߤߩࠃએ਄ߩ⸛⼏‫ޔࠄ߆⴫⊒ޔ‬એਅߩࠃ߁ߥ੹ᓟ

߁ߦߒߡ޿ߊ߆‫̌߇ࠇߘޔ‬ஜᐽ޿߈޿߈

ߩ⺖㗴߇ឭ␜ߐࠇߚ‫ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬Ԙ [ஜᐽ޿⡯႐̍ࠍ߼ߑߒߚ߽ߩߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ

߈޿߈⡯႐ታ⃻ߩߚ߼ߩࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢ

߇㊀ⷐߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ߩࡦ࡚ࠪࠢࠕߚ߹ޕ‬ਛ࡝ࠬ࠻]ߩࠃ߁ߥᒻߢડᬺߦឭ␜ߔࠆߎߣࠍ

ߦߪ‫ޔ‬૗ࠄ߆ߩᜰᮡߣ㑐ଥߠߌࠆߎߣ߇

⠨߃ߚ႐ว‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬⒟ᐲ൮᜝⊛ߥ߽ߩߦߔࠆᔅ

ߢ߈ࠆ߽ߩ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ቴⷰ⊛ᜰᮡ㧔ᐕભขⷐ߇޽ࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁ߎߣ‫ޔ‬ԙੱ᧚⢒ᚑ߿ੱ੐⠨ᓧ₸‫ޔ‬ഭ௛ᤨ㑆ߩ㐳ߐߥߤ㧕߇⦟޿߆‫ޔ‬⺖೙ᐲߦ᣿ࠆ޿ኾ㐷ኅ‫⚻ޔ‬㛎ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ␠ળ଻

ਥⷰ⊛ᜰᮡ߇⦟޿߆ߣ޿߁⼏⺰߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㒾ഭോ჻ߥߤߦ⃻ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ⚛᩺ߦ㑐ߒߡࡅડᬺ߇ߔߢߦᜬߞߡ޿ࠆᨒ⚵ߺߩਛߢ‫ޔ‬ࠕ࡝ࡦࠣࠍⴕߞߡ‫ో࡯࡝ࠧ࠹ࠞޔ‬૕ߩᢛวᕈ

ߘࠇࠍᵴ߆ߒߟߟࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦࠍㅊടߒߡ

ࠍߣࠆ‫ߩࡦ࡚ࠪࠢࠕޔ‬ㅊട߿ୃᱜࠍⴕ߁‫ޔ‬ડታᣉߒߡ޿ߊߣ޿߁ᣇᴺ߇ડᬺߢߪฃߌ

ᬺ߇૶޿߿ߔ޿ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦߩ⴫⃻ࠍᎿᄦߔࠆ‫ޔ‬౉ࠇࠄࠇ߿ߔ޿ߢ޽ࠈ߁㧔⧷࿖ NICE ࠟߣ޿ߞߚኻ╷ࠍߣࠆߎߣ߇⦟޿ߢ޽ࠈ߁ߎߣ‫ޔ‬ࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߢ߽ផᅑ㧕‫ߞߣࠍࡦ࡚ࠪࠢࠕޕ‬ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

ߡ޿ࠆ‫ߊ߹߁ߣޔ‬ታᣉߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔ലᨐ߇㧞㧕╙ 2 ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㧔⾗ᢱԟ㧕⃻ࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧕ߪ⇣ߥࠆߎߣߦ߽ᵈᗧ߇ᔅ−  −

ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ᭴ᚑຬ㧠ฬ߇ฦࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦߦߟ޿

߽ᔅⷐ‫ޕ‬ߡ㊀ⷐߣታᣉน⢻ᕈߦߟ޿ߡὐᢙࠍߟߌ‫ޔ‬ᐔ9ဋὐߦࠃߞߡࠣ࡜ࡈࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ‫ޕ‬ડᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߪ‫⹥ߦޤઁߩߘޣޔ‬ᒰߔࠆࠕ୘ੱ࡟ࡌ࡞‫ޔ‬ㇱ⟑࡟ࡌ࡞‫ޔ‬ડᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩฦ

࡚ࠢࠪࡦߩ㊀ⷐᕈ߇㜞޿ߣ޿߁ᗧ⷗߇ᄙ

ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬㊀ⷐᕈࠃࠅታᣉน⢻ߊ‫⚻ޟޔ‬༡ጀߣᓥᬺຬߩ㑆ߦା㗬㑐ଥࠍᕈߦૐ޿ὐᢙ߇ઃਈߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ㇱ⟑࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠕ

᭴▽ߔࠆ‫ޟޠ‬ഭ௛⠪ࠍ౏ᐔߦᛒ߁‫ޔ߿ߤߥޠ‬࡚ࠢࠪࡦߢߪ‫ࡦ࠰࡯ࡄ࡯ࠠ߇࡯ࡖࠫ࡯ࡀࡑޔ‬ડᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢ৻૕ᗵࠍߟߊߞߡ޿ߊ‫ޔ‬㜞ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ડᬺߦߪ‫ࠆ߈ߢߩ࠻ࡦࡔࠫ࡯ࡀࡑޔ‬߼ߡ޿ߊߚ߼ߦߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥߎߣ߇ᄢಾ

ੱ᧚ࠍ⢒ᚑߒ‫ޔ‬ᚑ㐳㘑ㅢߒߩ⦟޿⡯႐ߠߊࠅߥߩߛࠈ߁߆‫߁޿ߣޔ‬ᗧ⷗߇޽ߞߚ

ࠃ޿⡯႐ࠍ૞ࠆߎߣ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬࿖࡟ࡌ࡞

9ડᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ㧠㧕‫ޟ‬ᬺ⇇ߩᄌൻߩࠬࡇ࡯

ߩࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒߇ᄢಾߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࠼ߣห࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ㧔઀੐਄ߩ㧕ᄌൻࠍ‫␠ޔ‬ද⺞ᕈࠍᜬߜߟߟ୘ᕈࠍ⊒ើߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߥੱ

ຬ৻ੱ߭ߣࠅߦ᳞߼ߥ޿‫ޔߡ޿ߟߦޠޕ‬᳞ࠍᢎ⢒ߒߡ޿ߊߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ࠇࠆ‫⚛⃻ޔߚ߹ޕ‬߼ࠆડᬺߪᔅߕ޽ࠆߣᗐ௝ߐࠇࠆߥߤ‫ޔ‬᩺ߩ᭴ᚑߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᔅߕߒ߽⹥ᒰߔࠆ࡟ࡌ

㊀ⷐᕈ‫ޔ‬ታᣉน⢻ᕈߩὐᢙߩઃਈ߇㔍ߒ࡞ߦಽ㘃ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ߇޽ࠆߩߢ

޿ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ߇ሽ࿷ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔ࠣ࡜ࡈౣ⠨߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߪ⃰ࡔࡦࡃ࡯4 ฬߩᐔဋߢ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆߩ
ߢᵈᗧ߇ᔅⷐ‫ޕ‬㧕⃻⚛᩺ߦߟ޿ߡߪ
9࿖࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ㧝㧕‫ޟ‬⡯႐ߪ⥄Ꮖታ⃻ߩ႐ߢ9޽ࠆ‫ࠍ⼂⹺߁޿ߣޔ‬ᜬߜ‫ޔ‬Ᏹߦࠬࠠ࡞ࠕ

วߦߪ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬႐㕙ߢ⺕߇࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢ

࠶ࡊࠍ⋡ᜰߘ߁ߣߔࠆ⾗⾰ࠍ߽ߞߚੱ㑆ࠍߒߡ⺕߇ਛᔃߣߥߞߡᡷༀߦ⚿߮ઃߌߣߥࠆࠃ߁ߥડᬺੱࠍヘ಴ߔࠆࠃ߁ߥᢎ

ߡ޿ߊߩ߆‫޿૶ߩ⪲⸒ߡߞࠃߦޔ‬ᣇ߇⇣⢒ࠍⴕ߁‫ޔߪߡ޿ߟߦޠ‬ᔅߕߒ߽ߔߴߡ

ߥࠆߩߢᬌ⸛߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬ߩഭ௛⠪߇ࠬࠠ࡞ࠕ࠶ࡊࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ௛޿

޿߈޿߈⡯႐̆᧦ઙ٤߆᧦ߣ޿ߞߚ‫ޔ‬๭ߡ޿ࠆࠊߌߢߪߥ޿ߩߢߘߩࠃ߁ߥੱ߇

⒓ࠍ↪޿ࠆߥߤߒߡᢛℂߒߡ޿ߊᣇᴺ߽

ឃ㒰ߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇ή޿᭽ߦ‫ޔ‬௛ߊߎߣߦ

⦟޿ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠃߞߡ␠ળෳട߇ߢ߈ࠆ઀⚵ߺࠍߟߊࠅ

ߣ޿ߞߚᗧ⷗߇಴ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ߘߩઁߦో૕ߦ㑐ߔࠆᗧ⷗‫⇼⾰ޔ‬ᔕ╵ߣߒߎߣ‫ޔ‬㓹↪ߩഃ಴߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬999ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢ࡝ࠬ࠻ᒻᑼߣߔࠆ႐

࿖࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆౝኈ߇ᄙߊ

ߡ‫ޔ‬ߥߞߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬᡽╷⊛ⷞὐߢߩࠕ࡚ࠢࠪ

9࿖࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬࿖ߪࡦ߽ᔅⷐߢߪߥ޿߆‫ޕ‬૗ࠄ߆ߩⷙ೙ࠍߔࠇ߫ᣢሽߩ໧㗴߇⸃᳿୘ੱ࡟ࡌ࡞ߣߒߡߪ‫⥄ޔ‬ಽߩዬ႐ᚲ߿௛

ߒߚ‫߇ߣߎࠆߔߣޔ‬ᄙ޿߇‫ߢޔ‬ኻᔕߒߡ߈↲᢫ࠍ⷗ߟߌࠄࠇࠆ‫ޔ‬ḩ⿷ᗵࠍᓧࠆ‫ޔ‬޿ߊߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ࠇࠆ‫ߩ⋡ޕ‬೨ߩߎߣߩߺ

઀੐ߩਛߢ㕙⊕ߐࠍ⷗ߟߌࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁‫ޔ‬ߦኻಣߒߡߘࠇߢ⚳ࠊࠅߢߪߥߊ‫ߞ߽ޔ‬ળ␠ߣߩ⦟ᅢߥ㑐ଥᕈࠍ᭴▽ߒߡ޿ߊߎ

ߣᄢ߈ߥ‫ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ߥଔ୯ⷰࠍ߽ߞߡኻᔕߒ

ߣߥߤ‫ࠄ⥄ޔ‬௛߈߆ߌࠆߎߣ߇ᄢಾߥߩ

ߡ޿ߊߎߣ߇ᔅⷐ‫ޕ‬㓹↪ߩഃ಴ߣ޿߁ߩ

ߢߪߥ޿߆‫ޕ‬ߪ࿖㧔ߩߺ㧕ߢน⢻ߥߩߢߪߥߊ㧔਎⇇㧕୘ੱ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬᭽‫ߥޘ‬ଔ୯ⷰ߇⚻ᷣ߇ᅢ⺞ߢߥߌࠇ߫㧔◲නߦߪ㧕ታᣉ޽ࠆߩߢ᛼ߒઃߌߦߥࠄߥ޿ࠃ߁ߥᵈᗧߢ߈ࠆࠊߌߢߪߥ޿ߩߢ‫ޔ‬ᐢ޿ⷞ㊁ߦߚ−  −

99ߞߡ⠨߃ࠆߎߣ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߩ߆߽

ߣߩᗧ⷗੤឵߇ߥߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ߒࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬ഭ௛⠪ߣ੐ᬺ⠪஥߇⢛ਛห჻㧟㧕╙ 3 ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࠍะߌߡߒ߹߁ߩߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬㧔ද௛ߢ㧕ኻ⃻⚛᩺ߩડᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞‫ޔ‬࿖࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠕ࡚ࠢࠪ

ᔕߒߡ޿߆ߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ޿ߢ޽ࠈ߁ߣ

ࡦߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬㊀ⷐᕈߣታⴕน⢻ᕈࠍᬌ⸛ߒߥ

ߩᗧ⷗߇ㅀߴࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬߇ࠄᢥ⸒ߩୃᱜࠍⴕߞߚ‫⾗ߪ⚦⹦ޕ‬ᢱԠ․ߦㇱ⟑࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߪࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯ߩሽ࿷‫ޔ‬

9ડᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦߩࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯ߦ‫ޔ‬ᯏ⢻߇ᨐߚߔᓎഀ߇ᄢ߈޿ߩߢ‫ޔ‬ડᬺߣ̌⚵❱㘑࿯ߠߊࠅ̍߇޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬㘑࿯ߠߊߒߡߪࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯ࠍ⢒ᚑߒߡ޿ߊߎߣ

ࠅߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬㘑࿯ࠍߟߊࠆߚ߼ߦߤߩࠃ

߇ᄢಾߢ޽ࠆߒ‫ޔ‬㐳޿⋡ߢ⷗ߡ޿ߊߎߣ

߁ߥ೙ᐲࠍߟߊࠆ‫ߣޔ߆߈ߴࠆ߃ߥߘޔ‬߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬޿߁ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦߦᄌᦝߒߚᣇ߇⦟޿‫ޕ‬୘ੱ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫߿ޔ‬

9⃻ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ⚛᩺ߩ⴫⃻ߢߪ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޔ‬ࠅ߇޿ࠍតߒߥ߇ࠄࠬࠠ࡞ࠕ࠶ࡊࠍ⋡ᜰࡂ࡜ࠬࡔࡦ࠻ኻ╷⓹ญࠍ⸳⟎ߔࠆߎߣߪ

ߔ‫ߚߞ޿ߣޔ‬ౝኈߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬୘ੱߩᄙ᭽

ߢ߈ߡ߽‫ߊ߹߁ޔ‬ᯏ⢻ߢ߈ߡ޿ࠆ߆‫ߪޔ‬ᕈ߽ኈ⹺ߔࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ᗧ⷗߇޽

೎໧㗴ߢ޽ߞߚࠅߔࠆߩߢ‫ࡦ࡚ࠪࠢࠕޔ‬ߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬ഭ௛ᄾ⚂ߣߩ㑐ଥߢߪߤߩࠃ߁

ߩೋᦼ୯ࠍߤߎߦ⸳ቯߔࠆ߆‫߇ޔ‬㔍ߒ޿ߦ⠨߃ࠇ߫ࠃ޿ߩߢ޽ࠈ߁߆㧫ߣ޿߁⾰ߣ޿߁ᜰ៰߇޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬໧ߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛ᄾ⚂ࠍ⚿ࠎߢ޿ࠆߩߢ

ߎߩᓟ‫ోޔ‬૕⸛⺰ߢߪ‫⚛⃻ޔ‬᩺ߦኻߒߡ㊀ડᬺߩਛߢၮᧄߣߥࠆഭ௛ࠍឭଏߔࠆߩ

ⷐᕈߣታᣉน⢻ᕈߩ 2 ὐ߆ࠄᬌ⸛ߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬㊀ߪᦨૐᷫᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ߦߣߎߩߘޔ‬ኻߒⷐᕈߣታᣉน⢻ᕈࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ᩺

ߡะ਄ᗵࠍᓧߚࠅ㧔ߤߩ⒟ᐲߩ߽ߩࠍ߽

ߦ෻ᤋߐߖߡ޿ߊߩ߇⦟޿߆‫ޕߚߞߥߣ⺰⼏ޔ‬ߞߡะ਄ߣ⠨߃ࠆ߆ߪ୘ੱᏅ߇޽ࠆ߇㧕‫ޔ‬̌㊀ⷐᕈ̍ߩᗧ๧ߔࠆߣߎࠈߪ‫ޔ‬ஜᐽ޿߈޿

ળ␠߇ⷐ᳞ߔࠆࠬࠠ࡞ࠕ࠶ࡊߣ୘ੱ߇ḩ߈⡯႐ߦነਈߔࠆน⢻ᕈ߇㜞޿ߣ޿߁ࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬⿷ߔࠆࠬࠠ࡞ࠕ࠶ࡊ߇⇣ߥࠆ႐วߢ߽ഭ

ขࠅ⚵߻ߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫̌߁޿ߣޔ‬㊀௛⠪୘ੱߩḩ⿷ᗵ߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆߎߣ߇ᄢಾ

ⷐᕈ̍ߢ⼏⺰ߐࠇߚ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷ߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ࠃࠅ߽ߐ

ߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁⠨߃ߢ޽ࠆ‫߫߃଀ޕ‬ળ␠ߩࠄߦࡊ࡜ࠬߩᣇะߦነਈߔࠆߣ޿߁ᗧ๧߽฽

᳞߼ࠆࠬࠠ࡞ࠕ࠶ࡊߣ୘ੱ߇㧔ദജߒߡ㧕߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㊀ⷐᕈߣታᣉน⢻ᕈߣ޿߁⹏ଔ

㆐ᚑߒߚࠬࠠ࡞ࠕ࠶ࡊ߇หߓߢߥߌࠇ߫ゲࠍ‫ޔ‬ડᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߪࡊ࡜ࠗࠝ࡝࠹ࠖߣ޿߁

⹏ଔߣ޿߁ᒻߢഭ௛⠪ߦᚯߞߡߊࠆࠊߌ

↪⺆ߢ߹ߣ߼ߡ⁛┙㗄⋡ߣߒߡ⹏ଔߒ‫ޔ‬ఝవߛ߇‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪୘ੱߣߒߡ̌⥄ಽߣߒߡߪ

㗅૏ઃߌߔࠆߣ޿߁ᣇᴺ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㊀ⷐᕈ‫✕ޔ‬㗎ᒛߞߚ̍ߣ޿߁᳇ᜬߜ߇ᜬߡࠇ߫⦟޿

ᕆᕈ‫ޔ‬ታᣉน⢻ᕈߢࡃ࡜ࡦࠬࠍߣߞߡ޿ߊߎ

ߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ߚ߹ޕ‬ડᬺ஥ߪ‫ޔ‬୘ੱߩଔ୯ⷰ

ߣ߇⦟޿ߩߢߪߥ޿߆‫߁޿ߣޔ‬ឭ᩺߇޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ࠍ⹺߼‫৻ߩࡓ࡯࠴ޔ‬ຬߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ⹺߼

੹࿁ߩࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯ߦട߃‫ࡋߦࠄߐޔ‬ࠆߎߣ߇ᄢಾߢ‫ߩߘޔ߼ߚߩߘޔ‬ᓎഀࠍ࡞ࠬࠤࠕࡊࡠࡃࠗ࠳࡯‫ੱޔ‬੐ࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠲ࡦ࠻‫ޔ‬ᜂ߁ߪࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯߇ᄢಾߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬୘ੱMH ኻ╷ᡰេ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߥߤ߽ MH ኻ╷ߦ㑐ଥߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᚑ㐳ߒߡ޿ߊળ␠ߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޔ‬ᡰេߔࠆ┙႐⥄ಽߩ㧔ഭ௛ߩ㧕૏⟎ߠߌࠍℂ⸃ߒࠃ߁ߩኾ㐷ኅ߽ஜᐽ޿߈޿߈⡯႐㧔ߠߊࠅ㧕ߦ⽸ߣߔࠆߎߣ߇ᄢಾߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬₂ߢ߈ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆‫┙ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޔ‬႐ߩੱ−  −

߿ᣉ⸳ߦኻߒߡឭ⸒ࠍߒߡ޿ߊߎߣ߽዁᧪⊛ߥߤ‫ߩ߆ߟߊ޿ޔ‬ᄢ੐ߥ⾗Ḯࠍડᬺߢᢛ

ߦน⢻ߢ޽ࠈ߁ߣ޿߁ᜰ៰߽޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬߃ߡ߽ࠄ߁ߎߣࠍឭ⸒ߦ⋓ࠅㄟࠎߢ޿ߊ‫ޕ‬߹ߚࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦߦኻߔࠆ⼏⺰ߩਛߢ‫ޔ‬㊀ⷐ୘ੱߩ̌޿߈޿߈̍㧔ࡢ࡯ࠢࠛࡦࠥ࡯ࠫࡔ

ᕈߣታᣉน⢻ᕈ߇ᄢ߈ߥࠡࡖ࠶ࡊ߇޽ߞߚ႐

ࡦ࠻㧕ߣડᬺߩ̌޿߈޿߈̍㧔৻૕ᗵ㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬วߪડᬺߢߩ੐ᖱࠍ᳹߻‫ޔ‬ᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣ߽㊀ਔベߢ޽ࠆ‫⥸৻ޕ‬ᓥᬺຬ߽▤ℂ⡯߽ਔᣇⷐߢߪߥ޿߆‫߁޿ߣޔ‬ᗧ⷗߇޽ߞߚ‫⎇ᧄޕ‬ⓥ߇ర᳇ߦߥࠆࠃ߁ߥ⡯႐ߠߊࠅࠍឭ᩺ߒ‫ޔ‬⃰ߩᚑᨐߣߒߡࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ᩺߇⊒⴫ߐࠇࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ડᬺో૕ߢߩ⚻༡ᣇ㊎ߦ෻ᤋߐߖߡ޿ߞ

ⴕ᡽ߩ┙႐߆ࠄߪ੹ᓟߩ೙ᐲߠߊࠅߦᵴ↪ߐߡ߽ࠄ߁‫ޔ‬ડᬺో૕ߢߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߠߊࠅ

ࠇߘࠇ߇ⷙ೙ߣߥߞߡ޿ߊน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆߩߢ‫ޔ‬ߦෳ⠨ߣߥࠆࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩ߇ᦸ߹ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥ㊀ⷐᕈߣታᣉน⢻ᕈߩࠡࡖ࠶ࡊࠍ߁߼ࠆ‫⸃ޔ‬ߞߡ‫ޔ‬ஜᐽ޿߈޿߈ஜᐽ⡯႐ߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬᳿ߔࠆߚ߼ߩᣇ╷ࠍ␜ߔߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԙᓥᬺຬ୘ੱ߇޿߈޿߈ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬߹ߚ‫ࡦ࡚ࠪࠢࠕޔ‬૞ᚑߦ޽ߚߞߡߪԘડᬺ

ԙߘࠇࠍᡰ߃ࠆ⚵❱ℂᔨ߇޽ࠆ‫ޔ‬Ԛஜᐽⷙᮨ‫ޔ‬ԙડᬺߩ⃻⁁ߩ  ὐߦߟ޿ߡ⠨ᘦߔࠆ߇㧔ᦨૐ㒢㧕቞ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ‫࡯ࠠ߇ޔ‬ᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫⹏ࠍ⁁⃻߫߃଀ޕ‬ଔ࠷࡯࡞‫ޔ‬ኻ╷ࡢ࡯࠼ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕߚࠇࠄ߼ߣ߹ߣޔ‬ࠍߔߢߦታᣉߒߡ޿ࠆ߆‫ࠢ࠶ࠚ࠴ߚߞ޿ߣޔ‬࡝ࠬ࠻߽หᤨߦឭ᩺ߒߡ޿ߊߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬


㧰㧚⠨ኤ

߹ߚ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷޽ࠆࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ߩߚ߼⸘㧟࿁ߩળ⼏ߢߩ⼏⺰ߩౝኈࠍ߁ߌ‫ޔ‬ஜᐽߩࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢ࡝ࠬ࠻ߩ૶↪ᴺߣห᭽‫ޔ‬޿߈޿߈⡯႐ታ⃻ߩߚ߼ߩ࿖‫ޔ‬ડᬺ‫ޔ‬⡯႐‫ޔ‬⥄ಽߩ⡯႐ߦࡔ࡝࠶࠻߇޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆߣขࠅ

୘ੱ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ⚛᩺߇૞ᚑߐࠇ‫ޔ‬਄ߍࠇ߫ࠃ޿ߒ‫ޔ‬ലᨐ߇ዊߐߊߡ߽ขࠅ⚵ߺ╙  ࿁ળ⼏ߦ߅޿ߡߘߩୃᱜࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ㇱ⟑߿ߔ޿ࠃ߁ߥࠄขࠅ਄ߍࠆߎߣ߽ࠃ޿‫޿ߣޔ‬╬ߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߏߣߩࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦࠍ⸳ቯߒߡ߽‫ޔ‬߁⟏ೣߩࠃ߁ߥ⠨߃ᣇߢߪߥ޿⥄ਥᡷༀဳߩ

ታ㓙ߦ૗ࠍࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦߣߒߡ⿠ߎߖ߫ࠃ޿߆

ขࠅ⚵ߺࠍଦߔ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޔ‬⠨߃ࠊ߆ࠄߥ޿‫ࠆߥߦߣߎߚߞ޿ߣޔ‬น⢻ᕈ߽޽ᣇࠍ੹࿁ߩஜᐽ޿߈޿߈⡯႐ߩߚ߼ߩࠕࠢࠪ

ࠆ‫߁޿ߣޔ‬ᜰ៰߽޽ࠅ‫᧪ޔ‬ᐕᐲએ㒠‫̌ޔ‬ஜᐽ޿࡚ࡦ᩺ߢ߽⛮ᛚߒߡ޿ߊߎߣߢᗧ⷗ߩ৻⥌ࠍ߈޿߈⡯႐٤▎᧦̍ߣ޿ߞߚ࡝ࠬ࠻ࠍ૞ᚑߔ

ߺߚ‫ޕ‬ࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ࠅࠃޔ‬൮᜝⊛㗄⋡ࠍㅊടߒߡ㗄⋡ᢛ

9ஜᐽ̌޿߈޿߈̍ߩቯ⟵ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ળ⼏

ℂࠍⴕ߁૞ᬺࠍ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥ⃰ో૕ߢᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ߘޕ‬಴Ꮸ⠪ోຬߢߩ⸛⼏߇߹ߛචಽߢߥ޿ߣ

ߩ૞ᬺߦ޽ߚߞߡߪ‫⃻ޔ‬႐ߩੱߚߜ߆ࠄᗧ⷗

޿߁ᗧ⷗߇޽ߞߚ‫ᧄޕ‬ળ⼏ߢߪ‫ޔ‬⡯႐Ⅳࠍ޿ߚߛ߈߹ߣ߼ߡ޿ߊߣ޿߁ᣇᴺ╬ࠍߣࠆႺࠍߤ߁ᢛ߃ࠆ߆‫ࠬ࡞ࡋ࡞࠲ࡦࡔ߇ޔ‬ኻ੍ቯߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬൮᜝⊛࡝ࠬ࠻߇಴᧪਄߇

╷ߩ࿖㓙⊛േะߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߽߰߹

ߞߚᓟ‫ޔ‬㧝㧕ੱ੐ഭോᜂᒰ⠪߿ડᬺߩ▤ℂ⡯߃‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪৻ੱ߭ߣࠅ߇઀੐ߦ߿ࠅ߇޿

ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ 9'$ ╬ࠍ↪޿ߚ⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒ‫ޔ‬ࠍᗵߓ ̌޿߈޿߈̍ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ⁁ᴫߦട᩺ߦኻߔࠆᗧ⷗‫ޔ‬ណὐࠍߒߡ߽ࠄ޿‫⚿ߩߘޔ‬߃‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬ਛ㑆▤ℂ⡯߽޿߈ᨐࠍ㓸⸘ߒߡ㊀ⷐᐲ㗅ߩࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ࡝ࠬ࠻ߣ

޿߈ߒߡ޿ࠆ̌⡯႐ⅣႺ̍ࠍᢛ߃ࠆߣ޿

ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ౣᐲߘߩ᩺ߦኻߔࠆᗧ⷗ࠍ᳞߼ߡᦨ⚳߁ⷞὐ߇ᄢಾߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇⹺⼂ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ࠻࠶ࡊ  ߥߤߩᒻߦߔࠆ‫ޔ‬㧞㧕ኾߘߩߚ߼ߦߪ‫ޔ‬㧔ߚߣ߃߫㧕਄มߩ౏ᱜᕈ

㐷ኅ߆ࠄࠦࡦ࠮ࡦࠨࠬࠍᓧࠆߚ߼ߩળ⼏ࠍ −  −

ᣣ㑆߶ߤⴕ߁‫߽ߣߎߚߞ޿ߣޔ‬ㆡಾߥᣇᴺߣ

ߦᔕಽߩା㗬㑐ଥ߇㉯ᚑߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ડᬺ⚵⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᚻᆎ߼ߣߒߡ‫੹ޔ‬ᐕᐲ㧞࿁❱߇ഭ௛⠪ࠍᄢಾߦߒ‫৻ޔ‬૕ᗵࠍᜬߞߡᬺോ

ߩࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯ળ⼏⚳ੌᓟߦ‫␠ޔ‬ળ଻㒾ࠍផㅴߔࠆࠃ߁ߥℂᔨ߇޽ࠆߎߣ‫ࠍޔ‬ᗧ๧ߔ

ഭോ჻ 2 ฬࠃࠅࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ᩺߿੹ᓟߩࡔࡦ࠲

ࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬㧠㧕ㇱ⟑ߦ߅޿ߡߪ▤ℂ⋙〈⠪㧔ࡑ࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ߩ৻ᰴ੍㒐ߦ㑐ߔࠆࡅࠕ࡝ࡦࠣ

ࡀ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯㧕߇㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߔߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ࠬ࡞ࡋ࡞࠲ࡦࡔޕ‬ኻ╷ߪ‫ޔ‬Ԙડᬺⷙડᬺߪᬺോߘࠇߩߺߢߥߊੱ㧔ㇱਅ㧕ࠍ▤ℂᮨߦࠃߞߡขࠅ⚵ߺ߇⇣ߥࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬ԙ⹏ଔ೙ߢ߈ࠆࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡔࡦ࠻ࠬࠠ࡞ࠍ߽ߞߚੱ᧚ࠍ

ᐲ‫ޔ‬ᚑᨐਥ⟵ߩㆇ↪ߪᔅߕߒ߽ࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉߥ

⢒ᚑߒߡ޿ߊᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬㧡㧕ഭ௛⠪‫ޔ‬஥㕙ߢߪߥߊ‫⸳ޔ‬ቯߦଥࠆㇱಽߪ 30㧑‫ޔ‬ㆇ↪

▤ℂ⋙〈⠪‫⚻ޔ‬༡ጀߩ㑆ߢߩ⋧੕ℂ⸃‫ޔ‬ା㗬‫ޔ‬ㇱಽ߇ 70㧑ࠍභ߼‫ޔ‬ㆇ↪ߩ㎛ߣߥࠆߩߪ▤ℂ౏ᱜ߇଻ߚࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬⡯ߢ޽ࠅ‫⹏ޔ‬ଔߩᨒ⚵ߺߩ⸳ቯߦᔕߓߡഭ௛

ߩએ਄ߩ 5 ὐ߇㑐ଥ⠪ߩ৻⥌ߒߚ⷗⸃㧔ࠦࡦ⠪ߩࡕ࠴ࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍ਄ߍࠆߎߣߦߟߥ߇ࠆ‫ޔ‬࠮ࡦࠨࠬ㧕ߣߒߡ߹ߣ߼ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ߣ޿ߞߚᗧ⷗ࠍ㗂ᚬߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᰴᐕᐲએ㒠ⴕ߁ࠕ ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ᩺ߩୃᱜ‫ޔ‬൮᜝⊛ߥ㗄⋡ߩ⸳ቯ‫ޔ‬᭴㧲ஜᐽෂᯏᖱႎᚑ㧔ゲ㧕ߩᢛℂߦ޽ߚߞߡෳ⠨ߦߔࠆߣหᤨ ⹥ᒰߥߒ

ߦ‫ੱޔ‬੐⹏ଔ‫╬࠻ࡦࡔࠫ࡯ࡀࡑ᧚ੱޔ‬ኾ㐷ኅߩⷰὐ߆ࠄߩᗧ⷗߽޿ߚߛ߈‫ޔ‬ᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣ

㧳⎇ⓥ⊒⴫ߣߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬㧝㧚⺰ᢥ⊒⴫

㧝㧕 *C[CUJK61FCIKTK;1J[C;6CPCMC
-5JKOQOKVUW61TICPK\CVKQPCNLWUVKEGYKNNKPIPGUUVQYQTMCPFRU[EJQNQIKECNFKUVTGUUTGUWNVUHTQOCRTKXCVG,CRCPGUG
EQORCP[,QWTPCNQH1EEWRCVKQPCNCPF
'PXKTQPOGPVCN/GFKEKPG  
㧞㧕ዊ↰ಾఝሶਅశノ৻↥ᬺࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߣ

㧱⚿⺰
੹ᐕᐲ 2 ࿁ߩࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯ળ⼏ࠍ㐿௅ߒ‫৻ߩࠬ࡞ࡋ࡞࠲ࡦࡔޔ‬ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ߩߚ߼ߦታᣉߔࠆߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ࠇࠆ࿖‫ޔ‬ડᬺ‫ޔ‬ㇱ⟑‫ޔ‬୘ੱ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ᩺ࠍ૞ᚑߒౕ૕⊛ᬌ⸛ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ⸘ 4 ࿁ߩࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯ળ⼏ߩ⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ߩ৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ߢߪ 1㧕㑐ㅪߔࠆᴺᢛ஻ࠍߔߔ߼ࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬ડᬺߏߣߩ⥄ਥᡷༀᵴേࠍផㅴߔࠆᒻߢㅴ߼ࠆߩ߇
ᅢ߹ߒ޿ߎߣ‫ޔ‬㧞㧕ഭ௛⠪ߩஜᐽ߇ᦨૐᷫ቞
ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬ᣢሽߩᴺᓞߦ㆑෻ߒߡ޿ߥ
޿ߎߣ‫ߪޔ‬ၮᧄ⊛੐㗄ߣߒߡ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ߐࠄߦࡊ࡜ࠬߩ஥㕙ࠍ᳞߼ߡኻ╷ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ
߇ᦸ߹ࠇࠆߎߣ㧔ߘࠇࠍ̍޿߈޿߈̍ߣ⴫⃻㧕‫ޔ‬㧟㧕̌޿߈޿߈̍ߣߪ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪୘ੱ߇޿߈޿߈
ߣ௛޿ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬㧔ഭ௛⠪߇௛޿ߡ޿ࠆ㧕⡯∋ഭ,+/  
㧴. ⍮⊛⽷↥ᮭߩ಴㗿࡮⊓㍳⁁ᴫ․⸵ขᓧ ߥߒታ↪ᣂ᩺⊓㍳ ߥߒߘߩઁ
 ߥߒ




႐ߦ৻૕ᗵ߇޽ࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬ഭ૶㑐ଥߢߪਔ⠪㑆−  −

⾗ᢱԘ ‫ޟ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᶐㅘᚻᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ‫ޠ‬ࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯ળ⼏ෳട⠪ 㧔ᢘ⒓⇛‫ޔ‬㗅ਇห㧕૶↪⠪ ⚻࿅ㅪ ਛ᧛ ⡡ሶ㧔⚻࿅ㅪ቟ోⴡ↢ㇱળ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄࠕࠗ࡮ࡆ࡯࡮ࠛࡓᩣᑼળ␠↥ᬺක㧕  ਛዊડᬺ࿅૕㧦ᣂ଻㇌ᒾ㧔᧲੩໡Ꮏળ⼏ᚲ㧕㧔╙㧠࿁㧕ഭ௛஥࿅૕ ᏒᎹ૫ሶ㧔ᣣᧄഭ௛⚵ว✚ㅪวળ✚วഭ௛ዪ㓹↪ᴺ೙ኻ╷ዪዪ㐳㧕㧔╙㧠࿁㧕  ↥ᬺ଻ஜ⎇ⓥᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐↥ᬺක⑼ᄢቇ㧦ႇ ᣿⚐ 㧔↥ᬺකታോ⎇ୃ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ᢎ᝼㧕 ⁛┙ⴕ᡽ᴺੱഭ௛቟ోⴡ↢✚ว⎇ⓥᚲ㧦ේ⼱㓉ผ 㧔૞ᬺ᧦ઙㆡᔕ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊㇱ㐳㧕 
⽷࿅ᴺੱഭ௛⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ㧦ศᎹ ᔀ 㧔೽ᚲ㐳㧕↥ᬺ଻ஜኾ㐷⡯╬↥ᬺක㧦ችᧄବ᣿㧔ᣂᣣᧄ⵾㐅ᩣᑼળ␠ำᵤ⵾㐅ᚲ቟ోⅣႺ㒐ἴㇱਥછක㐳㧕࿯⢈⺈ᄥ㇢㧔ਃ੗ൻቇᩣᑼળ␠ᧄ␠ஜᐽ▤ℂቶ㐳 ⛔᜝↥ᬺක㧕㧔╙㧟࿁㧕↥ᬺ⋴⼔⡯㧦ᳰ↰ᥓሶ㧔↥ᬺක⑼ᄢቇ↥ᬺ଻ஜቇㇱ↥ᬺ࡮࿾ၞ⋴⼔ቇ⻠ᐳᢎ᝼㧕 ⴡ↢▤ℂ⠪㧦ᱞ↰ ❥ᄦ㧔ਃ⪉ൻቇᩣᑼળ␠ੱ੐ㇱஜᐽᡰេ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯)/㧕⷏ጊ๺ᐘ㧔᧲੩㔚ജᩣᑼળ␠⷏Ἣജ੐ᬺᚲ✚ോㇱ㐳㧕㧔╙㧟࿁㧕 ᔃℂ⡯㧦ፉᵤ᣿ੱ㧖㧔᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼♖␹଻ஜቇಽ㊁ಎᢎ᝼㧕  ᴺᓞኅ㧦ਃᩊਂౖ㧔ㄭ⇰ᄢቇᴺቇㇱಎᢎ᝼㧕           ⎇ⓥઍ⴫⠪㧦Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ㧔᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼♖␹଻ஜቇಽ㊁ᢎ᝼㧕⎇ⓥಽᜂ⠪㧦ਅశノ৻㧔᧲੩ක⑼ᄢቇ౏ⴐⴡ↢ቇ⻠ᐳਥછᢎ᝼㧕 㧔ࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯ળ⼏ᜂᒰ㧕੐ോዪ߅ࠃ߮⎇ⓥදജ⠪ዊ↰ಾఝሶ㧔᧲੩ක⑼ᄢቇ౏ⴐⴡ↢ቇ⻠ᐳ㧕੗਄ᓆ⤿㧔᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼♖␹଻ஜቇಽ㊁㧕㚍ࡁᲑ᪸ਫ㧔᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼♖␹଻ஜቇಽ㊁㧕࿯ደ᡽㓶㧔ഭ௛቟ోⴡ↢✚ว⎇ⓥᚲ㧕ᄢ⼱↱⟤ሶ㧔᧲੩ක⑼ᄢቇ౏ⴐⴡ↢ቇ⻠ᐳ㧕੗਄ ⨃㧔᧲੩ක⑼ᄢቇ౏ⴐⴡ↢ቇ⻠ᐳ㧕㧔╙㧠࿁㧕ౝጊ✍ሶ㧔᧲੩ක⑼ᄢቇ౏ⴐⴡ↢ቇ⻠ᐳ㧕㧦⎇ⓥಽᜂ⠪
ઃ⸥ߩή޿⠪ߪ╙㧟࿁‫╙ޔ‬㧠࿁ߣ߽಴Ꮸ

−  −

㈨ᩱ䐠ᖹᡂ䠎䠎ᖺᗘཌ⏕ປാ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠䠄ປാᏳ඲⾨⏕⥲ྜ◊✲஦ᴗ䠅䛂ປാ⪅䛾䝯䞁䝍䝹䝦䝹䝇୙ㄪ䛾➨୍ḟண㜵䛾ᾐ㏱ᡭἲ䛻㛵䛩䜛ㄪᰝ◊✲䛃䠄㻴㻞㻝㻙ປാ㻙୍⯡㻙㻜㻜㻝㻕㻌➨䠏ᅇ䝇䝔䞊䜽䝩䝹䝎䞊఍㆟㻔㻞㻜㻝㻜㻛㻤㻛㻞㻜㻕➨୕ᅇ䝇䝔䞊䜽䝩䝹䝎䞊఍㆟䛾
ウ㆟䛻䛒䛯䛳䛶

⸛ㆸ21-23⸜⹎⍂䓇≜⁵䥹⬎䞼䨞屣墄≑慹炷≜⁵⬱ℐ堃䓇䵷⎰䞼䨞ḳ㤕炸䛂ປാ⪅䛾䝯䞁䝍䝹䝦䝹䝇୙ㄪ䛾➨୍ḟண㜵䛾ᾐ㏱ᡭἲ䛻㛵䛩䜛ㄪᰝ◊✲䛃䠄H21-ປാ-୍⯡-001)䠄୺௵◊✲⪅ ᕝୖ᠇ே䠅┠ⓗ䠖஦ᴗሙ䛻䛚䛡䜛ປാ⪅䛾䝯䞁䝍䝹䝦䝹䝇୙ㄪ䛾➨୍ḟண㜵䜢୰䠄ᑠ䠅つᶍ஦ᴗሙ䜒ྵ䜑䛶ᾐ㏱䛥䛫䜛䝒䞊䝹䜢ᥦ౪䛧䚸䜎䛯⾜ᨻ᪋⟇䜢ᥦゝ䚹㸦ὶࢀᅗ㸧
⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐ䛻䜘䜛㻱㻮㻹 䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁㛤Ⓨ㻌⫋ᴗᛶ䝇䝖䝺䝇⡆᫆ㄪᰝ⚊䞉ุᐃᅗ䛾ಟṇ䞉ᣑᙇ㻌䝬䝙䝳䜰䝹䞉ዲ஦౛䛾㏣ຍ㻌඲ᅜ௦⾲䝃䞁䝥䝹䛻䜘䜛ᶆ‽໬䞉ホ౯ᇶ‽䛾☜❧㻌䜟䛜ᅜ䛻䛚䛡䜛᥎㐍ᯟ⤌䜏䛾䝁䞁䝉
䞁䝃䝇ᙧᡂ㻌

⌧ሙ䛷౑䛘䜛 㻱㻮㻹䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁䛾᏶ᡂ㻌᪂⫋ᴗᛶ䝇䝖䝺䝇⡆᫆ㄪᰝ⚊䞉ุᐃᅗ䛾᏶ᡂ㻌䝯䞁䝍䝹䝦䝹䝇୙ㄪ䛾➨୍ḟண㜵ᑐ⟇䛾᥎㐍᪋⟇䛾ᥦゝ㻌ᮾி኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔་Ꮫ⣔◊✲⛉බඹ೺ᗣ་Ꮫᑓᨷ䠄⢭⚄ಖ೺Ꮫ䠅
ᕝୖ᠇ே


ᡂ
ᯝ
≀

పୗ䛩䜛♫ෆ䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䞉ⷧ䜎䜛఍♫䜈䛾ᖐᒓព㆑䠍䠊ປ౑䚸⏘ᴗಖ೺䝇䝍䝑䝣䛻䜘䜛䝇䝔䞊䜽䝩䝹䝎䞊఍㆟䛻䛚䛡䜛᪥ᮏᆺᯟ⤌䜏䛾㆟ㄽ• ἲ䛾ᙉ໬䜘䜚䜒䚸⮬୺ᨵၿάື᥎㐍䛷䚹• ୰ᑠつᶍ஦ᴗሙ䛷䛿䚸䛺䛚ἲⓗ䞉⾜ᨻⓗ䝸䝇䜽䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛜᥎㐍䛻᭷ຠ䚹䛧䛛䛧୍ᐃつᶍ௨ୖ䛾஦ᴗሙ䛷䛿䚸䝇䝖䝺䝇䛜ᑡ䛺䛟䚸⏕⏘ᛶ䜒㧗䛔⫋ሙ䛵䛟䜚䜢⫋ሙ䛾䝯䞁䝍䝹䝦䝹䝇䛾୰ᚰ䛻䛚䛝᥎㐍䛧䛶䜖䛟䛣䛸䛜ຠᯝⓗ䚹• 䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䛺䝯䞁䝍䝹䝦䝹䝇䜢䚸᪥ᖖᴗົ䛾୰䛷ᐇ⌧䛩䜛䛂೺ᗣ䛔䛝䛔䛝⫋ሙ䛃䠄௬⛠䠅䛾᥎㐍䛜᪂䛧䛔⫋ሙ䛾䝯䞁䝍䝹䝦䝹䝇䛾ᯟ⤌䜏䛻䛺䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䚹ᖹᡂ19ᖺ∧ᅜẸ⏕άⓑ᭩䛛䜙䚹ඖ䝕䞊䝍䛾ฟ඾䛿䠄ᰴ䠅୕⳻⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ
(2006)䛚䜘䜃᪥ᮏ⤒῭᪂⪺(1995, 2000)* ᖹᡂ21ᖺᗘཌ⏕ປാ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝ປാᏳ඲⥲ྜ◊✲஦ᴗ䛂ປാ⪅䛾䝯䞁䝍䝹䝦䝹䝇୙ㄪ䛾➨୍ḟண㜵䛾ᾐ㏱ᡭἲ䛻㛵䛩䜛ㄪᰝ◊✲䛃ศᢸ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩ (ୗග௚䚸2010䠅䛛䜙䠊

ⱥᅜNICE䛾䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁䛿⫋ሙ䛾䝯䞁䝍䝹䝦䝹䝇䜢᪥ᖖ䝡䝆䝛䝇䛾୰䛷᥎㐍䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢᥎ዡ⫋ሙ䛾䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䞉┦஫༠ຊ䛿ᚰ䛾೺ᗣ䛸఍♫䛾ᴗ⦼䛾ᇶ♏

䝁䝭䝳䝙
䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁
䛜ῶ䛳䛯

ຓ䛡ྜ䛔
䛜ῶ䛳䛯

⤌⧊䞉⫋ሙ
䛾䛴䛺䛜䜚䜢ឤ䛨䛻䛟䛟䛺䛳䛯ᚰ䛾⑓Ẽ䛜ቑຍഴྥ䠄䠂䠅㻞㻜㻠㻜㻢㻜㻤㻜 㻝㻜㻜

䛿䛔
䛔䛔䛘

䛿䛔
䛔䛔䛘

䛿䛔
䛔䛔䛘

㻜

ே㛫㛵ಀ
䛻‶㊊
༠ຊ䛧䛶
௙஦䜢䛩
䜛㞺ᅖẼ
䠏ᖺ๓䛻䛟䜙
䜉䛶༠ຊ䛧䛶
௙஦䜢䛩䜛㞺ᅖẼ䛜㛵ಀ⪅䠄䝇䝔䞊䜽
䝩䝹䝎䞊䠅఍㆟㻌



୺௵◊✲⪅

㻜

ᾏእ䛾᥎㐍᪋⟇䛾᝟ሗ཰㞟䛸ᩚ⌮㻌᥎ዡ㡯┠䠐䠖䝷䜲䞁䛾⟶⌮⫋䛾ᙺ๭఍♫䛾ᴗ⦼䛜ୖ䛜䛳䛯䠄䠂䠅
㻝㻜
㻞㻜
㻟㻜
㻠㻜

• ᚑᴗဨཧຍ䚸ᶒ㝈ጤㆡ䚸ᘓタⓗ䛺䝣䜱䞊䝗䝞䝑䜽䚸๓ྥ䛝䛺ຓゝ䞉ᣦᑟ䜢䛸䜒䛺䛖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䝇䝍䜲䝹䜢᥎㐍䛩䜛䛣䛸䚹

‶㊊୙‶• 䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䝇䝍䜲䝹䛜䚸䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ᚰ䛾೺ᗣ䜢ಁ䛧䚸䝇䝖䝺䝇䜢᭱ᑠ㝈䛻ῶ䜙䛩䛛䛾⌮ゎ䜢㐍䜑䜛䛣䛸䚹ᙉ䛔• ⟶⌮⫋䛻䚸ᚑᴗဨ䛾ᝎ䜏䜔⢭⚄ⓗၥ㢟䛾⑕≧䛻Ẽ䛵䛝䚸ᑐฎ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛻䛩䜛䛣䛸䚹• 䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䜢ᨵၿ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾䝒䞊䝹䛸䛧䛶䚸(䝡䝆䝛䝇䠅䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛾ᯟ⤌䜏䜢฼⏝䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢᳨ウ䛩
䜛䛣䛸䚹

ᙅ䛔

ᙉ䜎䛳䛯
ᙅ䜎䛳䛯

ᖹᡂ㻝㻥ᖺ∧ᅜẸ⏕άⓑ᭩䛛䜙ᢤ⢋䛧సᅗ䚹ඖ䝕䞊䝍䛾ฟ඾䛿㈈ᅋἲே ♫఍⤒῭⏕⏘ᛶᮏ㒊㻔㻞㻜㻜㻢㻕䛚䜘䜃ປാᨻ⟇◊✲䞉◊ಟᶵᵓ㻔㻞㻜㻜㻠㻕䚹−  −

㈨ᩱ䐠⫋ሙ䛾䝇䝖䝺䝇䜢ண㜵䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾19䛾䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊 (ⱥᅜHSE, 2007)
1. ᴗົ㔞䛸ேဨ䜢⟶⌮䛩䜛

11. ே㛫㛵ಀ䛾ၥ㢟䛻ᑐᛂ䛩䜛

2. ௙஦ୖ䛾ၥ㢟䜢ฎ⌮䛩䜛

12. ឤ᝟⾲⌧䜢䝁䞁䝖䝻䞊䝹䛩䜛

3. ᴗົ䛾ィ⏬❧᱌䛸⤌⧊໬

13. ୍㈏䛧䛯⾜ື䜢䛸䜛

4. 䜶䞁䝟䝽䝯䞁䝖䠄ᶒ㝈ጤㆡ䠅

14. ぶ䛧䜏䛾䛒䜛ែᗘ䛷䛔䜛

5. ཧຍᆺ䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏15. 䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䜢䛸䜛

6. ᡂ㛗䜢ಁ䛩

16. ௙஦䛻䛴䛔䛶▱㆑䜢ᣢ䛴

7. ヰ䛧䛛䛡䜔䛩䛔䚹䛹䛣䛻䛔䜛䛛䜟䛛䜛17. ⫋ሙ䛾䛣䛸䛻㈐௵䜢ᣢ䛴

8. ೺ᗣ䛸Ᏻ඲䛻㓄៖䛩䜛18. ඹឤⓗ䛺ែᗘ䜢䛸䜛

9. 䝣䜱䞊䝗䝞䝑䜽䜢⾜䛖19. ⏘ᴗಖ೺䝇䝍䝑䝣➼䛾ຓゝ䜢ᚓ䜛䠎䠊᪂⫋ᴗᛶ䝇䝖䝺䝇⡆᫆ㄪᰝ⚊䛾㛤Ⓨ㧞㧚ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ㐿⊒
ᬺോ⽶ᜂ
ᴗົ㈇ᢸ
ᖱ✜⊛⽶ᜂ
᝟⥴ⓗ㈇ᢸ

ᔃりߩஜ
ᚰ㌟䛾೺
ᗣ
ᐽ

⡯႐ߩ৻૕ᗵ
⫋ሙ䛾୍యឤ
䠙䝋䞊䝅䝱䝹䜻䝱䝢䝍䝹㧩࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞
䠄ಙ㢗䚸┦஫㛵ಀ䚸ཧຍ䠅㧔ା㗬‫⋧ޔ‬੕㑐ଥ‫ޔ‬ෳട㧕ሗ㓘
ႎ㈽ࠠࡖ࡝ࠕᡰេ
䜻䝱䝸䜰ᨭ᥼ ⚵❱౏ᱜ
⤌⧊බṇ

ᓥ
ᚑ
ᬺ
ᴗ
ຬ
ဨ
叹
叽
吟
吂
吷

ࡢ࡯ࠢࠛ
䝽䞊䜽䜶
ࡦࠥ࡯ࠫ
䞁䝀䞊䝆
䝯䞁䝖
ࡔࡦ࠻

࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ
䝸䞊䝎䞊䝅䝑䝥 ⚵❱⾗Ḯ⤌⧊㈨※ฟᒎ䠖 Management competencies for preventing and reducing stress at work
HSE, 2007䠄ᕝୖヂ䠅

ᆅᇦ㈉⊩
ࠛࡦࡊࡠ
䜶䞁䝥䝻 ࿾ၞ⽸₂
ࠗࠕࡆ࡝
䜲䜰䝡䝸
䝔䜱
࠹ࠖ

߶߼ߡ
䜋䜑䛶
߽ࠄ߃ࠆ
䜒䜙䛘䜛
⫋ሙ
⡯႐

⎇ⓥ⃰ߢߪᣂ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩዤᐲ߳ߩߏᗧ⷗ࠍ൐㓸ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
http://www.jstress.net◊✲⌜䛷䛿᪂⡆᫆ㄪᰝ⚊䛾ᑻᗘ䜈䛾䛤ពぢ䜢ເ㞟䛧䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹http://www.jstress.net

䝇䝖䝺䝇せᅉ䛸⫋ሙ䛾୍యឤ䛚䜘䜃೺ᗣᗘ䛸䛾┦㛵ಀᩘ⡯႐ߩ৻૕ᗵ
⫋ሙ䛾೺ᗣᗘ䠄೺ᗣ䝸⡯႐ߩஜᐽᐲ
⫋ሙ䛾୍యឤ (social capital at work)
UQEKCNECRKVCNCVYQTM
㧔ஜᐽ࡝ࠬࠢߩૐߐ㧕䝇䜽䛾ప䛥䠅

⫋ሙ䛾୍ ⫋ሙ䛾೺యឤᗣᗘ̒ • ⑳ߚߜߩ⡯႐ߢߪ㧘ߣ߽ߦ̒• ⮬ศ䛾೺ᗣ≧ែ䛿䜘䛔⥄ಽߩஜᐽ⁁ᘒߪࠃ޿⚾䛯䛱䛾⫋ሙ䛷䛿䠈䛸䜒䛻ാ䛣䛖䛸䛔䛖ጼໃ䛜䛒䜛䚹̒• ⮬ศ䛾⫋ሙ䛻䛿䚸ᚰ䛾೺ᗣ⥄ಽߩ⡯႐ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᔃߩஜᐽ• ௛ߎ߁ߣ޿߁ᆫ൓߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⚾䛯䛱䛾⫋ሙ䛷䛿䠈䛚஫䛔䛻⌮ゎ䛧ㄆ䜑ྜ䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹̒ • ⑳ߚߜߩ⡯႐ߢߪ㧘߅੕޿ၥ㢟䛾䛯䜑ㄪᏊ䛜ᝏ䛛䛳䛯໧㗴ߩߚ߼⺞ሶ߇ᖡ߆ߞߚ
⚾䛯䛱䛾⫋ሙ䛷䛿䠈௙஦䛻㛵㐃䛧䛯᝟ሗ䛾ඹ᭷䛜䛷䛝䛶䛔
ߦℂ⸃ߒ⹺߼วߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬䜛䚹㧔ㅒ䜚䚸ఇ䜣䛷䛔䜛ே䛜䛔䜛䠄㏫ࠅ‫ޔ‬ભࠎߢ޿ࠆੱ߇޿ࠆ
̒ • ⑳ߚߜߩ⡯႐ߢߪ㧘઀੐ߦ⚾䛯䛱䛾⫋ሙ䛷䛿䠈ຓ䛡ྜ䛚䛖䛸䛔䛖㞺ᅖẼ䛜䛒䜛䚹㌿䠅ォ㧕㑐ㅪߒߚᖱႎߩ౒᦭߇ߢ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬• ⚾䛯䛱䛾⫋ሙ䛷䛿䠈䛚஫䛔䛻ಙ㢗䛧ྜ䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹̒• ௒䛾⫋ሙ䛷ാ䛔䛶䛔䜛䛸䚸੹ߩ⡯႐ߢ௛޿ߡ޿ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬̒ • ⑳ߚߜߩ⡯႐ߢߪ㧘ഥߌว➗䛔䜔➗㢦䛜䛒䜛⫋ሙ䛰䚹䛭䛾䛖䛱೺ᗣ䜢ᦆ䛽䛶䛧䜎ߘߩ߁ߜஜᐽࠍ៊ߨߡߒ߹
߅߁ߣ޿߁㔓࿐᳇߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬䛔䛭䛖䛰䠄㏫㌿䠅޿ߘ߁ߛ㧔ㅒォ㧕̒ ⑳ߚߜߩ⡯႐ߢߪ㧘߅੕޿̒• 䝇䝖䝺䝇䜢ᢪ䛘㎸䜎䛺䛔䛷䛩ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬࠍᛴ߃ㄟ߹ߥ޿ߢߔ
ߦା㗬ߒวߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
䜐⫋ሙ䛰
߻⡯႐ߛ
̒ ╉޿߿╉㗻߇޽ࠆ⡯႐ߛ‫ޕ‬੹࿁ߩ⸃ᨆߢᥳቯ⊛ߦ૶↪ߒߚዤᐲ௒ᅇ䛾ゎᯒ䛷ᬻᐃⓗ䛻౑⏝䛧䛯ᑻᗘߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿䛷䛒䜚䚸᪂⫋ᴗᛶ䝇䝖䝺䝇⡆᫆ㄪᰝ⚊䛾ᑻᗘ䛾ೃ⿵䛻䛿ྵ䜎䜜䛶䛔䜎䛫䜣䚹ߩዤᐲߩ୥⵬ߦߪ฽߹ࠇߡ޿߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬⫋ሙ䛾୍ ⫋ሙ䛾೺
యឤ
ᗣᗘ

㔞ⓗ㈇ᢸ

0.02

-0.30

䜋䜑䛶䜒䜙䛘䜛⫋ሙ

0.52

0.37

᝟⥴ⓗ㈇ᢸ

-0.30

-0.51

䜾䝹䞊䝥䛾᭷⬟ឤ

0.58

0.34

௙஦䛾䝁䞁䝖䝻䞊䝹

0.40

0.42

⤒Ⴀᒙ䛸䛾ಙ㢗㛵ಀ

0.54

0.45

ᙺ๭ⴱ⸨

-0.39

-0.45

ᡭ⥆䛝䛾බṇᛶ

0.53

0.39

ᙺ๭᫂☜䛥

0.40

0.24

බṇ䛺ே஦ホ౯

0.51

0.40

ୖྖ䛾ᨭ᥼

0.51

0.41

ᡂ㛗䛾ᶵ఍

0.41

0.30

ྠ൉䛾ᨭ᥼

0.50

0.30

䜻䝱䝸䜰ᙧᡂ

0.51

0.33

䳴㶰⛘ỵ⟙愔

0.47

0.35⫋䛾୙Ᏻᐃᛶ

-0.33

-0.34

ᑛ㔜ሗ㓘

0.61

0.43

ኚ໬䜈䛾ᑐᛂ

0.52

0.40

䝝䝷䝇䝯䞁䝖

-0.28

-0.30

WLB䝛䜺䝔䜱䝤

-0.18

-0.44

ୖྖ䛾䝸䞊䝎䞊䝅䝑䝥

0.59

0.39

WLB䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤

0.53

0.51

ୖྖ䛾බṇ䛺ែᗘ

0.58

0.46

㼃㻸㻮㻩䝽䞊䜽䝷䜲䝣䝞䝷䞁䝇ᛶู䚸ᖺ㱋䜢ㄪᩚ䛧䛯೫┦㛵ಀᩘ (n=861, 䜲䞁䝍䞊䝛䝑䝖䛻䜘䜛ணഛㄪᰝ).

ᮏ᪥䛾䜾䝹䞊䝥ウ㆟䛾ㄢ㢟⫋ሙ䛾୍యឤ䛚䜘䜃೺ᗣᗘ䛸⫋ᴗᛶ䜰䜴䝖䜹䝮䛸䛾┦㛵ಀᩘ䛂䠄⤒῭ኚືᮇ䛻䛚䛡䜛䠅೺ᗣ䠄䛔䛝䛔䛝䠅⫋ሙ䛾ᐇ⌧䛻ྥ䛡䛯᪉⟇䛻䛴䛔䛶䛃䛤ウ㆟䛟䛰䛥䛔䚹
䠍䠊⫋ሙ䛷䛾᪉⟇䛿䠎䠊௻ᴗ䛾᪉⟇䛿⫋ሙ䛾୍యឤ ⫋ሙ䛾೺ᗣᗘ೺ᗣᗘ⏕⏘ᛶ (HPQ)
⫋ົ㐙⾜ຊ
๰㐀ᛶ
✚ᴟⓗᏛ⩦
䝽䞊䜽䜶䞁䝀䜲
䝆䝯䞁䝖

⏕⏘ᛶ
↢↥ᕈ

⫋ሙ䛾೺ᗣᗘ
⡯႐ߩஜᐽᐲ

ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞
䝁䞁䝖䝻䞊䝹

10. ᚑᴗဨ୍ே୍ே䜢኱ษ䛻䛩䜛ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ᪂⫋ᴗᛶ䝇䝖䝺䝇⡆᫆ㄪᰝ⚊䛾ዤᐲ୥⵬ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬㧡໧ߣߔࠆ߆㧢ᑻᗘೃ⿵䛷䛒䜚䚸䠑ၥ䛸䛩䜛䛛䠒໧ߣߔࠆ߆ᬌ⸛ਛߢߔ‫ޕ‬ၥ䛸䛩䜛䛛᳨ウ୰䛷䛩䚹ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬⷐ࿃䝇䝖䝺䝇せᅉ

ࡂ࡜ࠬࡔࡦ࠻
䝝䝷䝇䝯䞁䝖

⚵
⤌
❱
⧊
叹
叽
吟
吂
吷

ഃㅧᕈ࡮㕟
๰㐀ᛶ䞉㠉
ᣂᕈ
᪂ᛶ

0.46
0.29
0.28
0.29
0.42

㻙
0.30
0.24
0.19
0.30

0.51

0.36

䠏䠊⤒Ⴀᅋయ䚸ປാ⪅௦⾲䛺䛹䛾᪉⟇䛿䠐䠊ᅜ䛾᪋⟇䛿䠑䠊䛭䛾௚䛾᪉⟇䛿ͤ௒ᅇ䛿䚸≉䛻䠍䠈䠎䛻䛴䛔䛶᳨ウ䛧䛶䛔䛯䛰䛝䜎䛩䚹䠏䡚䠑䛿ḟᅇ௨㝆᳨ウ䛧䜎䛩䛜䚸䛤ពぢ䛜ฟ䜜䜀ሗ࿌䛧䛶䛟䛰䛥䛔䚹ᛶู䚸ᖺ㱋䜢ㄪᩚ䛧䛯೫┦㛵ಀᩘ (n=861, 䜲䞁䝍䞊䝛䝑䝖䛻䜘䜛ணഛㄪᰝ).

−  −

㈨ᩱ䐡➨୍䜾䝹䞊䝥ሐ ᫂⣧, ᐑᮏ ಇ᫂すᒣ ࿴ᖾ, ୕ᰘ ୔඾䠘䛂䛔䛝䛔䛝⫋ሙ䛃䜢ᤊ䛘䜛㝿䛾ഃ㠃䠚(1) ⫋ሙ䛾୍యឤ(2) ⫋ሙ䛾೺ᗣᗘ(3) 䛭䛾௚ (ู䛾ഃ㠃䛜䛒䜜䜀)䞉 䛂௙஦䛜㠃ⓑ䛔䛸ឤ䛨䜛䛛䛹䛖䛛䛃䛸䛔䛖ഃ㠃䜢ධ䜜䛶䛚䛔䛯᪉䛜Ⰻ䛔䛾䛷䛿䛺䛔䛛䠛䞉 ⎔ቃ䛾ኚ໬䛾䝇䝢䞊䝗䛻ᑐ䛩䜛⦆⾪せᅉ (ᛴ䛺᪼㐍䞉᪼᱁⮬య䛜䝇䝖䝺䝇䛻䛺䜛)
䞉 ᚑᴗဨ䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ᖹ➼䛺ྲྀ䜚ᢅ䛔 (᝟ሗ䛾㏱᫂໬䞉䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾඘ᐇ䛜ᚲせ)䞉 䛂ᖹ➼䛃 (equality) 䜘䜚䜒䛂බṇ䛃 ( justice) 䠛䞉 䝋䞊䝅䝱䝹䜻䝱䝢䝍䝹䠖ಙ㢗䞉⌮ゎ䞉༠ാ−  −

㈨ᩱ䐡䠘⫋ሙ䛷䛾᪉⟇䠚䠘⫋ሙ䛷䛾᪉⟇䠚䞉 ⚟฼ཌ⏕䛜᚟ά э ୍యឤ䛾ྥୖ䛻䛴䛺䛜䛳䛶䛔䜛䠛䞉 ♫఍㈉⊩䛻㛵୚䛧䛶䛔䜛䛛䞉 䝽䞊䜽䞉䝷䜲䝣䞉䝞䝷䞁䝇 э ປാ᫬㛫100᫬㛫䜢㉸䛘䛺䛔䞉 䝎䜲䝞䞊䝅䝔䜱䞊 э ⤌⧊䛾᪉ྥᛶ䛸ᚲ䛪䛧䜒୍⮴䛧䛺䛔(↑ே㛫ⓗ䛺ᡂ㛗䛻䛿ᚲせ䛰䛜)䞉 㧗㱋⪅䞉ዪᛶ䛾ά⏝䞉 ఍♫䛾୰䛷䛾䜰䜲䝕䞁䝔䜱䝔䜱䞉 ᮏே䛾ᮇᚅ䛸఍♫䛾ᕼᮃ䛜䝬䝑䝏䛧䛶䛔䜛䞉 ௙஦䛾䛂኱ᣓ䜚䛃໬, ୍ேᒇྎ (⣽ศ໬䛧䛩䛞䜛䛸㏫ຠᯝ)䞉 ⫋ሙ༢఩䛷䛾㐺ṇ䛺ປാ䞉ఇᬤ᫬㛫䛾⟶⌮䞉 ᢎㄆᑐ㇟䛜ከ䛩䛞䜛䞉 㠃ⓑ䛔௙஦ෆᐜ, ㄆ䜑ྜ䛖䞉ຓ䛡ྜ䛖⫋ሙ⎔ቃ (せồᗘ䠇α,䠉α䛷ලྜ䛜ᝏ䛟䛺䜛)䞉 ಶே䛜䜔䜚䛜䛔䛾䛒䜛௙஦䜢䜎䛛䛫䜛䞉 ⟶⌮⫋䛜௙஦䛾ぢ㏻䛧䜢♧䛧, ィ⏬ⓗ䛻௙஦䜢䜎䜟䛩(௙஦䛾ぢ㏻䛧䛜ぢ䛘䛺䛔ሙྜ䛻䝇䝖䝺䝇䛜㧗䜎䜛)䠘௻ᴗ䛷䛾᪉⟇䠚䠘௻ᴗ䛷䛾᪉⟇䠚䞉 ᪼㐍䛾㝿䛻䛂័䜙䛧ᮇ㛫䛃䜢タ䛡, 䝃䝫䞊䝖䜢඘ᐇ䛥䛫, ẁ㝵ⓗ䛻᪼㐍䛥䛫䛶䛔䛟䞉 䝏䝳䞊䝍䞊ไᗘ / 䝯䞁䝍䞊ไᗘ / 䠞䠞↑᪼㐍䛻㝈䜙䛪, 㓄⨨㌿᥮䛺䛹䛾ᛴ⃭䛺⫋ሙ⎔ቃ䛾ኚ໬(ಶே䛾㐣๫䞉ㄢ㢟䛺ኚ໬) 䛻ᑐ䛩䜛୙㐺ᛂ䜢䝃䝫䞊䝖䛩䜛䞉 Safety-net (ಶ䚻䛾ே᱁䞉䛔䜝䛔䜝䛺ᙺ๭䛾ᑛ㔜)䞉 ⤌⧊ෆ䛾㏻Ẽᛶ (ゝ䛔䛯䛔䛣䛸䛜ゝ䛘䜛㢼ᅵ䛾㔊ᡂ)䞉 䝞䝷䞁䝇䛾䛒䜛ே஦⟶⌮䞉 㢦䜢ぢ䛶ᑐᛂ䛷䛝䜛, Ᏻ඲㓄៖ (ᑵᴗไ㝈) 䛜ᙜ䛯䜚๓䛻ཷ䛡䜙䜜䜛䞉 䛂䜋䜑䜛䛃ᩥ໬ э ⟶⌮⫋䛜, 㒊ୗ䛾Ⰻ䛛䛳䛯Ⅼ䜢䜋䜑䜛(ᙜ䛯䜚๓䛾䛣䛸䜢䜋䜑䜛)−  −

㈨ᩱ䐢➨2䜾䝹䞊䝥
ྜྷᕝ ᚭ
୰ᮧ ⪽Ꮚ
Ṋ⏣ ⦾ኵ
ᅵᒇᨻ㞝

೺ᗣ䛸䛿䠛

௻ᴗ䛜䛷䛝䜛䛣䛸• ឤぬⓗ೺ᗣឤ• ᮏே䛾ᛮ䛔䛻䜘䜛• ᑗ᮶䜈䛾ᕼᮃ• 䝥䝷䝇䛾䝧䜽䝖䝹䛾ྥ䛝• 㔜せ䛺䛾䛿䚸䝷䜲䞁⟶⌮⫋– 䛔䛝䛔䛝䛸䛧䛯䝽䞊䜽䜹䝹䝏䝱䞊䜢స䜛୰ᚰ௻ᴗ䛜䛷䛝䜛䛣䛸䛾ෆヂ• 䝉䝹䝣– 䝇䜻䝹䜰䝑䝥䚸⮬ᕫᐇ⌧䛾ព㆑䜢• ⏘ᴗಖ೺䝇䝍䝑䝣– 䛷䛝䜛䛣䛸䛿೺ᗣୖ䛾䜰䝷䞊䝖䜢ฟ䛩䛣䛸䛠䜙䛔• ௻ᴗ– 䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾䛷䛝䜛䝷䜲䞁⟶⌮⫋䛾⫱ᡂ– 䜘䛔䝽䞊䜽䜹䝹䝏䝱䞊䜢స䜛– ホ౯䛾㍈䛸䛧䛶䚸⤌⧊㐠Ⴀ䛾どⅬ䜢– ேⓗ㓄⨨– 䝫䝸䝅䞊

−  −

㈨ᩱ䐣• 䜾䝹䞊䝥ウ㆟䛾๓ᥦ䠖䛂⤒῭ኚືᮇ䛃䛿≉䛻⪃៖䛫䛪⮬⏤䛻ウ㆟➨䠏䜾䝹䞊䝥

ཎ㇂㝯ྐ
ᅵ⫧ㄔኴ㑻
ụ⏣ᬛᏊ
ᓥὠ᫂ே

⌧≧
• ᨭ᥼䛸ᑐேⴱ⸨䛿⿬㏉䛧䛷䛿䛺䛔䛛䜒• ᨭ᥼䠄ୖྖ䚸ྠ൉䠅䛾㔜せᛶ䛾ㄆ㆑䛿㧗䜎䛳䛶䛔䜛䛛䜒↓ 䛧䛛䛧䚸䝯䞁䝍䝹䝦䝹䝇䜈䛾ព㆑䛾㧗䛔⫋ሙ䛻㝈ᐃ䠛• BJSQ䚸ุᐃᅗ䛾ຠ⏝䠛– 䛭䜜䛮䜜ู䛾ḟඖ䛷䛿䠛• ➗㢦䛻䜒Ⰽ䚻䛒䜛– Ⰻዲ䛺ே㛫㛵ಀ䛾㇟ᚩ䛸䛧䛶䛾䛂➗㢦䛃– ௙஦䛻䜔䜚䛜䛔䛜䛒䛳䛶ᴦ䛧䛔䛂➗㢦䛃• ୖྖ䛛䜙䛾ᨭ᥼䜢㧗䜑䜛䛻䛿䠛• ⤒Ⴀᒙ䛸ᚑᴗဨ䛸䛾ಙ㢗㛵ಀ– 䝃䝫䞊䝖䠄᝟⥴ⓗ䚸㐨ලⓗ䚸᝟ሗⓗ䠅䜢ᥦ౪– ௙஦䛾㐍ᤖ⟶⌮䜢䛧䛳䛛䜚䜔䜛– ⤒Ⴀᒙ䛜఍♫䛾ṇ䛧䛔᝟ሗ䜢ᚑᴗဨ䛻ㄝ᫂䛧䛶䛔䜛䠄᝟ሗᥦ౪䚸᝟ሗ㛤♧䚸䝡䝆䝵䞁䠅䠄㐍ᤖ⟶⌮䛜㐜䜜䛯ሙྜ䚸㐺ษ䛺䝃䝫䞊䝖䜢ᥦ౪䠅• 䛂䛿䛨䜑䛸᭱ᚋ䛰䛡䛃䛸䛔䛖ሙྜ䛜ከ䛔• ⿢㔞ᶒ䛜ከ䛟䛶䜒䝃䝫䞊䝖䛜ᑡ䛺䛔䛸୸ᢞ䛢䛻䛺䜛• බᖹᛶ䛺㞺ᅖẼ– ᡭ⥆䛝䠖ᡭ⥆䛝ⓗ䛺䝹䞊䝖䛜୍ᮏ໬䛧䛶䛔䜛– ᝟ሗ䠖බ㛤䛧䛶䛔䜛䛛䚸㏱᫂ᛶ䛜䛒䜛䛛– ពぢ䜢ฟ䛫䜛䛛䛹䛖䛛䚸␗㆟⏦䛧❧䛶䛜ฟ᮶䜛䛛−  −

㈨ᩱ䐣• ᑛ㔜ሗ㓘䚸⢭⚄ⓗሗ㓘䚸㐩ᡂឤ䚸௙஦䛾㐺ᛶ䚸䜔䜚䛜䛔䛜䛒䜚䚸౯್䛾䛒䜛௙஦䚸௙஦䛾㔜せᛶ• ᡂ㛗䛾ᶵ఍䚸䜻䝱䝸䜰䛾ᙧᡂ– ఍♫䛸ಶே䛜ᮃ䜐䜻䝱䝸䜰䛾ᕪ– 䜻䝱䝸䜰ᙧᡂ䛾ከᵝᛶ䜢఍♫䛜䜏䛫䜛– 䠍␒䜢┠ᣦ䛩௙஦䠄䠎␒䛨䜓䛰䜑䛺䜣䛷䛩䛛䞉䞉䞉䠅– ୖྖ䛜ㄝ᫂䛩䜛• ୖྖ䛾ᨭ᥼䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟⤒Ⴀᒙ䛾ᨭ᥼䚸⌮ゎ䛜ᚲせ• ௙஦䛾䝁䞁䝖䝻䞊䝹– ௙஦䛻๭䛡䜛᫬㛫䜢䝁䞁䝖䝻䞊䝹䛷䛝䜛䛛䚸ఇᬤ䚸ไᗘ䛾㐠⏝– ⫋✀䛻䜘䛳䛶␗䛺䜛䠄౛䠖䝷䜲䞁సᴗ䠅– ⫋ሙ䛾㔜せᛶ– ఍♫䛜ྛ㒊㛛䛾ᶵ⬟䜢䛝䛱䜣䛸ホ౯䛩䜛• ඲䛶䜢䝬䝙䝳䜰䝹໬э䝁䞁䝖䝻䞊䝹ᗘ↓• ⮬ศ䛷ᕤኵ䛷䛝䜛వᆅ䛜䛒䜛э䝁䞁䝖䝻䞊䝹ᗘ↑• ♫ဨ᪑⾜䚸䝺䜽䝸䜶䞊䝅䝵䞁• ௻ᴗ䛜ඈ䛡௨እ䛾どⅬ䛷⤌⧊䜢ホ౯䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ᚲせ– ඖẼ䛺ே䛰䛡ཧຍ䛸䛔䛖ሙྜ䜒䛒䜛– ホ౯㍈䛾౛• ⢭⚄ⓗሗ㓘↓ ୖྖ㒊ୗ䝺䝧䝹䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟௻ᴗ䛸䛧䛶䛿䠛• ྛ⮬䛾ᚓព䛺ศ㔝䛷㈉⊩䛷䛝䜛– 䜏䜣䛺䛸௰Ⰻ䛟ᴦ䛧䛟➗㢦䛻䛺䛨䜎䛺䛔ே䛿䠛䠄䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䛜ⱞᡭ䛺ே䚸Ⓨ㐩㞀ᐖ䛺䛹䠅• ⢭⚄ⓗሗ㓘䜢௻ᴗ䛸䛧䛶ᥦ౪䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䜢᫂♧䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ᚲせ• ⫋ሙ䛾೺ᗣ䜔䛔䛝䛔䛝䜢⮬ศ䛯䛱䛷⪃䛘䜛ᶵ఍䛜䛒䜛䛛䠛– ⫋ሙ䛾೺ᗣ䚸䛔䛝䛔䛝䜢⪃䛘䜛௙⤌䜏䜢స䜛э௻ᴗ䛜䜔䜛䜉䛝• ᴗ✀䛻䜘䛳䛶㔜せ䛸䛺䜛㈨※䛜␗䛺䜛– 䝃䞊䝡䝇ᴗ䠖➗㢦– 〇㐀ᴗ䠖䝁䞁䝖䝻䞊䝹−  −

㈨ᩱ䐤䝇䝖䝺䝇⑕≧䜢᭷䛩䜛⪅䛻ᑐ䛩䜛㠃᥋ᣦᑟไᗘ䛾᳨ウᖹᡂ䠎䠎ᖺᗘཌ⏕ປാ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠䠄ປാᏳ඲⾨⏕⥲ྜ◊✲஦ᴗ䠅䛂ປാ⪅䛾䝯䞁䝍䝹䝦䝹䝇୙ㄪ䛾➨୍ḟண㜵䛾ᾐ㏱ᡭἲ䛻㛵䛩䜛ㄪᰝ◊✲䛃䠄㻴㻞㻝㻙ປാ㻙୍⯡㻙㻜㻜㻝㻕㻌➨䠐ᅇ䝇䝔䞊䜽䝩䝹䝎䞊఍㆟㻔㻞㻜㻝㻜㻛㻝㻞㻛㻞㻣㻕• ཌ⏕ປാ┬䛂⮬ẅ䞉䛖䛴⑓➼ᑐ⟇䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝏䞊䝮䛃䛸䜚䜎䛸䜑㻔㻞㻜㻝㻜㻛㻡㻛㻞㻤㻕• ⫋ሙ䛻䛚䛡䜛䝯䞁䝍䝹䝦䝹䝇ᑐ⟇᳨ウ఍䠄඲䠒ᅇ䚸㻞㻜㻝㻜㻛㻡㻛㻟㻝㻌䡚㻣㻛㻝㻠䠅• ᭱⤊ሗ࿌᭩බ⾲㻔㻞㻜㻝㻜㻛㻥㻛㻣䠅䚹• 㛵㐃䛩䜛䠎䛴䛾ጤဨ఍䠄䛂䝇䝖䝺䝇䛻㛵㐃䛩䜛⑕≧䞉୙ㄪ䛸䛧䛶☜ㄆ䛩䜛䛾䛜㐺ᙜ䛺㡯┠➼䛻㛵䛩䜛᳨ウ఍䛃䛚䜘䜃䛂஦ᴗሙ䛻䛚䛡䜛⏘ᴗಖ೺άື䛾ᣑ඘䛻㛵䛩䜛ጤဨ఍䛃䠅㛤ദ䠄㻞㻜㻝㻜㻛㻥䡚㻝㻜᭶䠅䚹• ປാᨻ⟇ᑂ㆟఍Ᏻ඲⾨⏕ศ⛉఍䠄 㻞㻜㻝㻜ᖺ㻝㻜䡚㻝㻞᭶䠅䛷ᑂ㆟䚸㻝㻝㻛㻞㻞䛻ಟṇ᱌䛷ᢎㄆ䚹• ປാᨻ⟇ᑂ㆟఍䛛䜙ᘓ㆟㻔㻞㻜㻝㻜㻛㻝㻞㻛㻞㻞䠅• ປാᏳ඲⾨⏕ἲᨵṇ䜈䠄ணᐃ䠅➨䠐ᅇ䝇䝔䞊䜽䝩䝹䝎䞊఍㆟䛾
ウ㆟䛻䛒䛯䛳䛶
୺௵◊✲⪅ᮾி኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔་Ꮫ⣔◊✲⛉බඹ೺ᗣ་Ꮫᑓᨷ䠄⢭⚄ಖ೺Ꮫ䠅ᕝୖ᠇ே㈨ᩱ 䝇䝖䝺䝇䛻㛵㐃䛩䜛⑕≧䞉୙ㄪ䛸䛧䛶☜ㄆ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜㐺ᙜ䛺㡯┠䛻䛴䛔䛶ฟ඾ 䝇䝖䝺䝇䛻㛵㐃䛩䜛⑕≧䞉୙ㄪ䛸䛧䛶☜ㄆ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜㐺ᙜ䛺㡯┠➼䛻㛵䛩䜛ㄪᰝ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩䠄➨㻠㻢ᅇປാᨻ⟇ᑂ㆟఍Ᏻ඲⾨⏕ศ⛉఍㈨ᩱ䛛䜙䠅㼔㼠㼠㼜㻦㻛㻛㼣㼣㼣㻚㼙㼔㼘㼣㻚㼓㼛㻚㼖㼜㻛㼟㼠㼒㻛㼟㼔㼕㼚㼓㼕㻛㻞㼞㻥㻤㻡㻞㻜㻜㻜㻜㻜㻜㼢㼝㼛㼔㻚㼔㼠㼙㼘௒ᚋ䛾ᅜ䛾ᑐ⟇⸛ㆸ21-23⸜⹎⍂䓇≜⁵䥹⬎䞼䨞屣墄≑慹炷≜⁵⬱ℐ堃䓇䵷⎰䞼䨞ḳ㤕炸• ປാᨻ⟇ᑂ㆟఍ᘓ㆟㻔㻞㻜㻝㻜㻛㻝㻞㻛㻞㻞䠅– 䛂᪂䛯䛺ᯟ⤌䜏䛃䠄䝇䝖䝺䝇䝏䜵䝑䜽䠅– ⟶⌮⫋䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ᩍ⫱– ⫋ሙ䛾䝯䞁䝍䝹䝦䝹䝇ᑐ⟇䛻㛵䛩䜛᝟ሗᥦ౪䛾඘ᐇ• ཌ⏕ປാ┬ᖹᡂ㻞㻟ᖺᗘண⟬㻔㻞㻜㻝㻜㻛㻝㻞㻛㻞㻠㻕– 䝯䞁䝍䝹䝦䝹䝇ᑐ⟇䛾᥎㐍 䠄⥅⥆䠅䠏䠒൨෇䠅䠖䝯䞁䝍䝹䝦䝹䝇୙ㄪ䛾Ⓨ⏕㜵Ṇ䛾䛯䜑䚸⫋ሙ䛻䛚䛡䜛䝇䝖䝺䝇➼䛾せᅉ䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䚸ാ䛟᪉䜔⫋ሙ䛻䛚䛔䛶㐺ษ䛺ᑐᛂ䛜ᐇ᪋䛥䜜䜛䜘䛖䛻䛩䜛䛸䛸䜒䛻䚸஦ᴗሙ䜈䛾ᨭ᥼యไ䛾ᩚഛ䜢⾜䛖䚹䜎䛯䚸ᴗົୖ䛾䝇䝖䝺䝇䛻䜘䜚⢭⚄㞀ᐖ䛻䜚ᝈ䛧䛯ປാ⪅䜈䛾ປ⅏ㄆᐃ䛾㎿㏿໬䜢ᅗ䜛䛯䜑䚸ປ⅏ㄆᐃ䛾ᇶ‽䜢ぢ┤䛩䚹– ാ䛝䜔䛩䛔⫋ሙ⎔ቃ䛾᥎㐍䠄᪂つ䠅䠄䠑䠏ⓒ୓෇䠅䠖⫋ሙ䛻䛚䛡䜛䛔䛨䜑䞉᎘䛜䜙䛫䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ປ౑䜢ྵ䜑䛯ᅜẸⓗ䛺ၥ㢟ព㆑䜢ඹ᭷䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾Ẽ㐠䛾㔊ᡂ䜢ᅗ䜛䚹䛂ປാ⪅䛾䝯䞁䝍䝹䝦䝹䝇୙ㄪ䛾➨୍ḟண㜵䛾ᾐ㏱ᡭἲ䛻㛵䛩䜛ㄪᰝ◊✲䛃䠄H21-ປാ-୍⯡-001)䠄୺௵◊✲⪅ ᕝୖ᠇ே䠅┠ⓗ䠖஦ᴗሙ䛻䛚䛡䜛ປാ⪅䛾䝯䞁䝍䝹䝦䝹䝇୙ㄪ䛾➨୍ḟண㜵䜢୰䠄ᑠ䠅つᶍ஦ᴗሙ䜒ྵ䜑䛶ᾐ㏱䛥䛫䜛䝒䞊䝹䜢ᥦ౪䛧䚸䜎䛯⾜ᨻ᪋⟇䜢ᥦゝ䚹㸦ὶࢀᅗ㸧
⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐ䛻䜘䜛㻱㻮㻹 䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁㛤Ⓨ㻌⫋ᴗᛶ䝇䝖䝺䝇⡆᫆ㄪᰝ⚊䞉ุᐃᅗ䛾ಟṇ䞉ᣑᙇ㻌䝬䝙䝳䜰䝹䞉ዲ஦౛䛾㏣ຍ㻌඲ᅜ௦⾲䝃䞁䝥䝹䛻䜘䜛ᶆ‽໬䞉ホ౯ᇶ‽䛾☜❧㻌䜟䛜ᅜ䛻䛚䛡䜛᥎㐍ᯟ⤌䜏䛾䝁䞁䝉
䞁䝃䝇ᙧᡂ㻌

⌧ሙ䛷౑䛘䜛 㻱㻮㻹䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁䛾᏶ᡂ㻌᪂⫋ᴗᛶ䝇䝖䝺䝇⡆᫆ㄪᰝ⚊䞉ุᐃᅗ䛾᏶ᡂ㻌䝯䞁䝍䝹䝦䝹䝇୙ㄪ䛾➨୍ḟண㜵ᑐ⟇䛾᥎㐍᪋⟇䛾ᥦゝ㻌ᾏእ䛾᥎㐍᪋⟇䛾᝟ሗ཰㞟䛸ᩚ⌮㻌㛵ಀ⪅䠄䝇䝔䞊䜽
䝩䝹䝎䞊䠅఍㆟㻌





ᡂ
ᯝ
≀

−  −

㈨ᩱ䐤◊✲䛾㐍ᤖ≧ἣ䠍䠊Ḣᕞ䛻䛚䛡䜛➨୍ḟண㜵䠖せ⣙ᖹᡂ21ᖺᗘ ᖹᡂ22ᖺᗘ ᖹᡂ23ᖺᗘ
᪂ ᾏእ᝟
䛧䛔 ሗ
᥎
㐍 䝇䝔䞊䜽
ᯟ 䝩䝹䝎
⤌ 䞊఍㆟
䜏

• Ḣᕞ䛷䛿ປ౑䛾௦⾲䛻䜘䜛䛂♫఍ⓗᑐヰ䛃䛻䜘䜚⫋ሙ䛾䝯䞁䝍䝹䝦䝹䝇䛾ᣦ㔪䜢タᐃ䚹• Ḣᕞྛᅜ䛷䛣䛾ᣦ㔪䛻ᇶ䛵䛝ᑐ⟇䛜ᐇ᪋䚹– ⱥᅜHSE䠉⾜ᨻ䛻䜘䜛䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁䚸䝒䞊䝹䛻䜘䜛⮬୺ⓗᨵၿ䛾᥎㐍ⱥᅜ(HSE)䚸䝕 ⱥᅜ(NICE)䚸䜲 ᾏእ᝟ሗ䠄⥅䝍䝸䜰䚸⡿ᅜ
⥆䠅䞁䝬䞊䜽䚸Ḣ
ᕞ(PRIMA-EF)⮬୺ⓗྲྀ䜚⤌
䜏䛻䜘䜛䛂೺
ᗣ䛔䛝䛔䛝⫋
ሙ䛃䛾ᐇ⌧䛂೺ᗣ䛔䛝䛔䛝 䛂೺ᗣ䛔䛝䛔䛝⫋ሙ䛃䛾᮲௳ ⫋ሙ䛃䜈䛾௓
䛾᫂☜໬
ධ䛾䛒䜚᪉

᪂⡆᫆∧ㄪᰝ ⣲᱌㛤Ⓨ䚸ព
⚊䛾㛤Ⓨ
ぢㄪᰝ

඲ᅜㄪᰝ䛸ᶆ ุᐃ᪉ἲ䛾᳨‽䝕䞊䝍
ウ

EBM䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲 ⣲᱌సᡂ䞁᏶ᡂ– 䝕䞁䝬䞊䜽䞊ᙉຊ䛺ἲไᗘ䛻䜘䜚⾜ᨻ䛜௻ᴗ䛻⫋ሙ⎔ቃ䛾ᨵၿ䜢ᣦᑟ䚹
• PRIMA-EFḢᕞᯟ⤌䜏䛿䚸Ḣᕞ䛾䜏䛺䜙䛪䚸ୡ⏺ᶆ‽䛾つ᱁䛸䛧䛶ᥦ᱌䛥䜜䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜䛒䜛䚹• ⱥᅜNICE䛾䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁䛿䚸䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䛺䝯䞁䝍䝹䝦䝹䝇䜢᪥ᖖ䛾䝡䝆䝛䝇䛾୰䛷ᐇ⌧䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢㔜ど䚹䝬䝙䝳䜰䝹㏣
ຍ᪂ᑻᗘ㔜せᗘ䝷䞁䜻䞁䜾䝖䝑䝥㻝㻜䠎䠊⫋ሙ䛾䝯䞁䝍䝹䝦䝹䝇䛾᪥ᮏᆺᯟ⤌䜏㔜せ• ἲ䛾ᙉ໬䜘䜚䜒䚸⮬୺ᨵၿάື᥎㐍䛷䚹• ୰ᑠつᶍ஦ᴗሙ䛷䛿䚸䛺䛚ἲⓗ䞉⾜ᨻⓗ䝸䝇䜽䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛜᥎㐍䛻᭷ຠ䚹䛧䛛䛧୍ᐃつᶍ௨ୖ䛾஦ᴗሙ䛷䛿䚸䝇䝖䝺䝇䛜ᑡ䛺䛟䚸⏕⏘ᛶ䜒㧗䛔⫋ሙ䛵䛟䜚䜢⫋ሙ䛾䝯䞁䝍䝹䝦䝹䝇䛾୰ᚰ䛻䛚䛝᥎㐍䛧䛶䜖䛟䛣䛸䛜ຠᯝⓗ䚹• 䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䛺䝯䞁䝍䝹䝦䝹䝇䜢䚸᪥ᖖᴗົ䛾୰䛷ᐇ⌧䛩䜛䛂೺ᗣ䛔䛝䛔䛝⫋ሙ䛃䠄௬⛠䠅䛾᥎㐍䛜᪂䛧䛔⫋ሙ䛾䝯䞁䝍䝹䝦䝹䝇䛾ᯟ⤌䜏䛻䛺䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䚹㻭㻚㻌௙஦䛾ព⩏㻴㻚㻌⫋ሙ䛾୍యឤ䠄䡻䡬䡸䡨䢕䡡䡳䡨䢇䢛䡼䢕䠅㻰㻚㻌ᙺ๭᫂☜䛥䞉᭕᫕䛥㻸㻚㻌ୖྖ䛾䝸䞊䝎䞊䝅䝑䝥㼂㻚㻌බṇ䛺ே஦ホ౯㻷㻚㻌䝝䝷䝇䝯䞁䝖㻹㻚㻌ୖྖ䛾බṇ䛺ែᗘ㻺㻚㻌䜋䜑䛶䜒䜙䛘䜛⫋ሙ㼁㻚㻌ಶே䛾ᑛ㔜㻮㻚㻌᝟⥴ⓗ㈇ᢸ

* ᖹᡂ21ᖺᗘཌ⏕ປാ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝ປാᏳ඲⥲ྜ◊✲஦ᴗ䛂ປാ⪅䛾䝯䞁䝍䝹䝦䝹䝇୙ㄪ䛾➨୍ḟண㜵䛾ᾐ㏱ᡭἲ䛻㛵䛩䜛ㄪᰝ◊✲䛃ศᢸ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩ (ୗග௚䚸2010䠅䛛䜙䠊

୙せ

㻢㻡
㻡㻤
㻡㻟
㻡㻞
㻡㻞
㻠㻥
㻠㻥
㻠㻠
㻠㻠
㻠㻟

㻝
㻠
㻡
㻣
㻠
㻝㻞
㻞
㻡
㻡
㻥

䜴䜵䝤ㄪᰝ䛻䛚䛡䜛㻞㻜㻝㻜ᖺ㻝㻞᭶ᮎ⌧ᅾ䛾ᢞ⚊⤖ᯝ䠄⏘ᴗಖ೺䝇䝍䝑䝣➼㻤㻥ྡ䠅䠏䠊᪂⫋ᴗᛶ䝇䝖䝺䝇⡆᫆ㄪᰝ⚊䛾㛤Ⓨ㧟㧚ᣂ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩ㐿⊒᪂ᑻᗘ䠄᱌䠅䛾୍౛

ᴗົ㈇ᢸ
ᬺോ⽶ᜂ

௙஦䛾ព⩏
• ⮬ศ䛾௙஦䛿ព࿡䛾䛒䜛䜒䛾䛰䚹• ⮬ศ䛾௙஦䛿㔜せ䛰䛸ᛮ䛖䚹⫋ሙ䛾୍యឤ 㻔㼟㼛㼏㼕㼍㼘㻌㼏㼍㼜㼕㼠㼍㼘㻌㼍㼠㻌㼣㼛㼞㼗㻕• ⚾䛯䛱䛾⫋ሙ䛷䛿䠈䛸䜒䛻ാ䛣䛖䛸䛔䛖ጼໃ䛜䛒䜛䚹• ⚾䛯䛱䛾⫋ሙ䛷䛿䠈䛚஫䛔䛻⌮ゎ䛧ㄆ䜑ྜ䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹• ⚾䛯䛱䛾⫋ሙ䛷䛿䠈௙஦䛻㛵㐃䛧䛯᝟ሗ䛾ඹ᭷䛜䛷䛝䛶䛔䜛䚹• ⚾䛯䛱䛾⫋ሙ䛷䛿䠈ຓ䛡ྜ䛚䛖䛸䛔䛖㞺ᅖẼ䛜䛒䜛䚹• ⚾䛯䛱䛾⫋ሙ䛷䛿䠈䛚஫䛔䛻ಙ㢗䛧ྜ䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹ୖྖ䛾䝸䞊䝎䞊䝅䝑䝥• ௙஦䛾ฟ᮶䜀䛘䛻䛴䛔䛶䚸ୖྖ䛛䜙䝣䜱䞊䝗䝞䝑䜽䜢䜒䜙䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹• ୖྖ䛿䚸㒊ୗ䛜⬟ຊ䜢ఙ䜀䛩ᶵ఍䜢ᣢ䛶䜛䜘䛖䛻䚸ྲྀ䜚ィ䜙䛳䛶䛟䜜䜛䚹

ᖱ✜⊛⽶ᜂ
᝟⥴ⓗ㈇ᢸ

ഃㅧᕈ࡮㕟
๰㐀ᛶ䞉㠉
ᣂᕈ
᪂ᛶ

䝇䝖䝺䝇せᅉ
ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬⷐ࿃

ࡂ࡜ࠬࡔࡦ࠻
䝝䝷䝇䝯䞁䝖

↢↥ᕈ⏕⏘ᛶ⫋ሙ䛾೺ᗣᗘ
⡯႐ߩஜᐽᐲ

ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞
䝁䞁䝖䝻䞊䝹ሗ㓘ႎ㈽⡯႐ߩ৻૕ᗵ
⫋ሙ䛾୍యឤ
㧩࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞
䠙䝋䞊䝅䝱䝹䜻䝱䝢䝍䝹㧔ା㗬‫⋧ޔ‬੕㑐ଥ‫ޔ‬ෳട㧕䠄ಙ㢗䚸┦஫㛵ಀ䚸ཧຍ䠅 ઀੐ߩᗧ
௙஦䛾ព
⟵
⩏

࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ
䝸䞊䝎䞊䝅䝑䝥 ⚵❱⾗Ḯ
⤌⧊㈨※
⤌⧊බṇ
ࠠࡖ࡝ࠕᡰេ
䜻䝱䝸䜰ᨭ᥼ ⚵❱౏ᱜ

߶߼ߡ
䜋䜑䛶
߽ࠄ߃ࠆ
䜒䜙䛘䜛
⡯႐
⫋ሙ

ᔃりߩஜ
ᚰ㌟䛾೺
ᐽ
ᗣ
䝽䞊䜽䜶
ࡢ࡯ࠢࠛ
ࡦࠥ࡯ࠫ
䞁䝀䞊䝆
ࡔࡦ࠻
䝯䞁䝖

⚵
⤌
⧊
❱
叹
叽
吟
吂
吷

ᓥ
ᚑ
ᴗ
ᬺ
ဨ
ຬ
叹
叽
吟
吂
吷

ࠛࡦࡊࡠ
䜶䞁䝥䝻
ᆅᇦ㈉⊩
ࠗࠕࡆ࡝
䜲䜰䝡䝸 ࿾ၞ⽸₂࠹ࠖ䝔䜱⎇ⓥ⃰ߢߪᣂ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ␿ߩዤᐲ߳ߩߏᗧ⷗ࠍ൐㓸ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
http://www.jstress.net◊✲⌜䛷䛿᪂⡆᫆ㄪᰝ⚊䛾ᑻᗘ䜈䛾䛤ពぢ䜢ເ㞟䛧䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹http://www.jstress.net−  −

㈨ᩱ䐤⫋ሙ䛾䝋䞊䝅䝱䝹䜻䝱䝢䝍䝹(SC)䛸೺ᗣ䛸䛾㛵ಀ䠖ᶓ᩿◊✲⫋ሙ䛾䝋䞊䝅䝱䝹䜻䝱䝢䝍䝹(SC)䛸೺ᗣ䛸䛾㛵ಀ䠖๓ྥ䛝䝁䝩䞊䝖◊✲
ⴭ⪅䠄Ⓨ
⾲ᖺ䠅

ᅜྡ

ᑐ㇟⪅

㻻㼗㼟㼍㼚㼑㼚㻌 䝣䜱䞁䝷䞁 බົဨ㼑㼠㻌㼍㼘㻌
䝗㻞㻡㻣㻢㻟㻔㻞㻜㻝㻜㻕
ྡ㻷㼛㼡㼢㼛㼚㼑
㼚㻌㼑㼠㻌㼍㼘㻌
㻔㻞㻜㻜㻤㻕
㻷㼛㼡㼢㼛㼚㼑
㼚㻌㼑㼠㻌㼍㼘㻌
㻔㻞㻜㻜㻤㻕

䝣䜱䞁䝷䞁 බົဨ䝗㻠㻤㻡㻟ྡ䝣䜱䞁䝷䞁 බົဨ䝗㻟㻟㻘㻡㻣㻣
ྡ

◊✲䝕䝄
䜲䞁

୺せ䛺⤖ᯝ

๓ྥ䛝䝁
䝩䞊䝖㻔㻟㻚㻡
ᖺ䠅ୖྖ䛸䛾ಙ㢗䚸ྠ൉䛸䛾ಙ㢗䛜་ᖌ䛾デ᩿䛻䜘䜛䛖䛴⑓
䛸㈇䛾㛵ಀ๓ྥ䛝䝁 㻿㻯䛾⮬ᕫሗ࿌䛜⚗䝩䞊䝖㻔㻞㻙㻟 ↮⋡䛸ṇ䛾㛵㐃ᖺ䠅๓ྥ䛝䝁 㻿㻯䠄⮬ᕫሗ࿌䛚䜘䝩䞊䝖㻔㻞㻙㻟 䜃⫋ሙᖹᆒ䠅䛜་ᖺ䠅ᖌ䛾デ᩿䛻䜘䜛䛖䛴⑓䛸㈇䛾㛵ಀ

ⴭ⪅䠄Ⓨ⾲
ᖺ䠅

ᅜྡ

ᑐ㇟⪅

◊✲䝕䝄
䜲䞁

㻿㼡㼦㼡㼗㼕㻌㼑㼠㻌㼍㼘㻌㻔㻞㻜㻝㻜㻕
㻰㼞㼕㼘㼘㼑㼞㻌㼑㼠㻌㼍㼘㻌㻔㻞㻜㻝㻜㻕

᪥ᮏẸ㛫௻ᴗ㻠㻢♫䛾ᚑᴗဨ㻝㻘㻝㻣㻝ྡ

ᶓ᩿䞉ከ
㔜䝺䝧䝹

௻ᴗู䛾୙ಙឤ䠄ᚑᴗဨᖹᆒ䠅䛜ႚ↮⋡䛸ṇ䛾㛵㐃䝗䜲䝒⑓㝔໅ົ་㻞㻣㻣ྡᶓ᩿ㄪᰝ㻿㻯䛾⮬ᕫሗ࿌䛜᝟⥴ⓗ⑂ᘢឤ䛸㈇䛾㛵㐃

㻿㼍㼜㼜㻌㼑㼠㻌㼍㼘㻌㻔㻞㻜㻝㻜㻕

⡿ᅜᚑᴗဨ㻝㻣㻠㻜ྡ䠗⟶⌮⫋ 㻞㻤㻤ྡ

ᶓ᩿ㄪᰝ௙஦䛾せồᗘ䛸ႚ↮䛸䛾㛵ಀ䜢㻿㻯䠄⮬ᕫሗ࿌䛚䜘䜃⟶⌮⫋䛾ホᐃ䠅䛜⦆࿴㻿㼡㼦㼡㼗㼕㻌㼑㼠㻌㼍㼘㻌㻔㻞㻜㻝㻜㻕

᪥ᮏẸ㛫௻ᴗ㻠㻢♫䛾ᚑᴗဨ㻝㻘㻝㻣㻝ྡᶓ᩿ㄪᰝ୙ಙឤ䛚䜘䜃┦஫㛵ಀ䠄⮬ᕫ⏦࿌䠅䛜୺ほⓗ೺ᗣᗘ䛸㈇䛾㛵㐃

㻷㼛㼣㼍㼘㼟㼗㼕㻌㼑㼠㻌㼍㼘㻌㻔㻞㻜㻝㻜㻕䝗䜲䝒㻡⟠ᡤ䛾㞀ᐖ⪅᪋タ䛾⫋ဨ㻝㻣㻡ྡᶓ᩿ㄪᰝ㻿㻯䛾⮬ᕫሗ࿌䛜⥴ⓗ⑂ᘢឤ䛸㈇䛾㛵㐃㻔㼜㻩㻜㻚㻜㻤㻞㻕㼂㽯㽯㼚㽯㼚㼑㼚㻌㼑㼠㻌 䝣䜱䞁䝷䞁㼍㼘㻌㻔㻞㻜㻜㻥㻕䝗බົဨዪᛶ㻞㻡㻌㻤㻥㻣ே䚸⏨ᛶ㻡㻠㻣㻢ேᶓ᩿ㄪᰝ㻿㻯䛾⮬ᕫሗ࿌䛚䜘䜃⫋ሙᖹᆒ䛜୙೺ᗣ䛺⏕ά⩦័䛸㈇䛾㛵㐃

㻻㼗㼟㼍㼚㼑㼚㻌㼑㼠㻌㼍㼘㻌㻔㻞㻜㻜㻤㻕㻝㻡㻞㻞⫋ሙ䛾ᨻᗓ⫋ဨ㻥㻡㻞㻠ே

ᶓ᩿ㄪᰝ㻿㻯䠄⮬ᕫሗ࿌䛚䜘䜃⫋ሙᖹᆒ䠅䛜୺ほⓗ೺ᗣᗘ䛸㈇䛾㛵㐃

බົဨ㻢㻜㻞㻤ேᶓ᩿ㄪᰝྠ൉䜈䛾ಙ㢗䛿೺ᗣ≧ែ䛸㛵㐃
䛧䛺䛛䛳䛯

䝣䜱䞁䝷䞁
䝗

㻸㼕㼡㼗㼗㼛㼚㼑㼚㻌㼑㼠㻌 䝣䜱䞁䝷䞁㼍㼘㻌㻔㻞㻜㻜㻠㻕䝗୺せ䛺⤖ᯝ⫋ሙ䛾䝯䞁䝍䝹䝦䝹䝇᪥ᮏᆺᯟ⤌䜏䛻ྥ䛡䛶䛾ḟ䛾ㄢ㢟ୖྖ䛾බṇ䛺ែᗘ䛜⫋ሙ䛾୍యឤ䜢㔊ᡂ䛩䜛• 䛂೺ᗣ䛔䛝䛔䛝⫋ሙ䛃䜈䛾᮲௳䛾䜘䜚୍ᒙ䛾᫂☜໬• 䛂೺ᗣ䛔䛝䛔䛝⫋ሙ䛃䜈䛾௓ධ䜔ᑐ⟇䛾䛒䜚᪉
⫋ሙ䛾୍
యឤ䠄䝋䞊
䝅䝱䝹䜻䝱
䝢䝍䝹䠅

ୖྖ䛾බ
ṇ䛺ែᗘ

r=0.58***ᚑᴗဨ䛾άẼ

r=0.44***

௙஦䛾ຠ
⋡䠄ୖྖ䛾
ほᐹ䛻䜘
䜛䠅

• 䛂೺ᗣ䛔䛝䛔䛝⫋ሙ䛃䛸䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾ᙺ๭• 䛂೺ᗣ䛔䛝䛔䛝⫋ሙ䛃䛸⏘ᴗಖ೺ᑓ㛛⫋䛾ᙺ๭• 䛂೺ᗣ䛔䛝䛔䛝⫋ሙ䛃䛻䜐䛡䛶䛾ᅜ䛻ồ䜑䜙䜜䜛ྲྀ䜚⤌䜏

r=0.22***䜲䝇䝷䜶䝹䛾බ఍ᇽ㐠Ⴀ༠఍䛾⟶⌮⫋(15ྡ䠅䛸⫋ဨ(209ྡ䠅䛾䝕䞊䝍. *** p<0.001

ᖹᡂ䠎䠏ᖺᗘ䛻䛿᭱⤊ሗ࿌᭩䛸ᥦゝ䛾䛸䜚䜎䛸䜑

Carmeli et al. J Appl Psychol 2009; 94(6):1553-61.

−  −

⾗ᢱԞో䈩䈱䊧䊔䊦䉕ㅢ䈛䈩╙䋱䉫䊦䊷䊒䈱ᬌ⸛⚿ᨐ䋱 ⸳໧䈮㑐䉒䉎ၮᧄ⊛໧㗴䋱䋩᜼䈕䉌䉏䈩䈇䉎㗄⋡䈱㊀ⷐᕈ䈮䈧䈇䈩䈲䇮䈾䈿⇣⺰䈭䈚䇯
䋲䋩᭽䇱䈭ᰴర䋨䊧䊔䊦䋩䇮ᕈᩰ䈱໧㗴䈏⟜೉⊛䈮೉᜼䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䈱䈪ੱ੐䈱઀⚵䉂䇮೙ᐲ䊶ㆇ↪
╬૗䉌䈎䈱ᜰᮡ䈮ᔕ䈛䈢૕♽⊛䇮ᮮᢿ⊛䈭ᢛℂ䈏䈭䈇䈫䊧䊷䊁䉞䊮䉫䈲࿎㔍䈣䈚䇮ᬌ⸛䈱⚿ᨐ䈱⃻႐䈻䈱વ㆐䉅㔍䈚䈇䈱䈪䈲䈭䈇䈎䇯䈖䈱䉁䉁䈣䈫ශ⽎⹏ଔ䈮䈭䈦䈩䈚䉁䈉䇯ో䈩䈱䊧䊔䊦䉕ㅢ䈛䈩ో䈩䈱䊧䊔䊦䉕ㅢ䈛䈩䋳䋩ฦ䊧䊔䊦䈮䈅䉎㗄⋡䈮䈲❬䈏䉍䈏䈅䉎䉅䈱䉅ᄙ䈇䈱䈪䇮ᦨૐ㒢䇮䊧䊔䊦ᮮᢿ⊛䈮ᢛℂ䈜䉎ᔅⷐ䈏䈅䉎䇯ડᬺ䊧䊔䊦䈱໧㗴䈮䇮⡯႐䇮୘ੱ䈱໧㗴䉕ኻᔕ䈘䈞䉎䈼䈐䇯䋳䊧䊔䊦㑆䈱㗄⋡䈱ኻᔕ㑐ଥ䉕࿑䉎䈼䈐㹤䊧䊔䊦ಽᢿ⊛ኻᔕ䈏ᔅⷐ䈭໧㗴䉅䈅䉎䈱䈪䈲䈭䈇䈎䇯㹤ታ㓙䈱ኻᔕ䈲⃻႐䊧䊔䊦䈪ⴕ䈉႐ว䈮䉅䇮ᦨૐ㒢䇮ᖱႎ䉕䊃䉾䊒䊙䊈䉳䊜䊮䊃䉁䈪౒᦭䈚䈩䈍䈒ᔅⷐ䈲䈅䉎䈱䈪䈲䈭䈇䈎䇯䋴䋩䉅䈫䉅䈫䈅䉎⾰໧㗄⋡䈮㑐䈜䉎⁁ᴫ䇮ડᬺ㘑࿯䇮⚻༡⠪ᗧ⼂䇮ੱ᧚⾰╬䈱ೋᦼ୯䈮䉋䈦䈩㊀ⷐᕈ䈏⇣䈭䉎㕙䉅䈅䉎䈱䈪䈲䇯ᬺ⇇䇮ડᬺⷙᮨ╬䈮䉋䉎⋧㆑䉅෻ᤋ䈘䈞䉎ᔅⷐ䈏䈅䉎䇯䋵䋩ታᣉน⢻ᕈ䈮䈧䈇䈩䈲䇮䋳䊧䊔䊦ో䈩䈮䈧䈇䈩䇸ታᣉ䈜䉎䇹䈫䇸ലᨐ䈏಴䈩䈇䉎䇹䈲೎໧㗴䈣䈎䉌ಽ䈔䉎ᔅⷐ䈏䈅䉎䇯ో䈩䈱䊧䊔䊦䉕ㅢ䈛䈩ో䈩䈱䊧䊔䊦䉕ㅢ䈛䈩䋲 ᳹䉃䈼䈐␜ໂ㸢䊙䊈䉳䊜䊮䊃䈱ኾ㐷ኅ䈮㑐ਈ䈚䈩䉅䉌䈉䈖䈫䈪䇮㗄⋡䈱ᢛℂ䇮૕♽ൻ䇮⴫⃻䈱Ꮏᄦ䈭䈬䈏ㅴ䉃䈱䈪䈲䈭䈇䈎䇯
㸢ડᬺⷙᮨ䈮䉋䉍䇮ೋᦼ⊛䈮ᢛℂ䈱઀ᣇ䉕ಽ䈔䉎ᔅⷐ䈏䈅䉎䇯଀䈋䈳ਛዊડᬺ䈱႐ว䇮ડᬺ䊧䊔䊦䈫୘ੱ䊧䊔䊦䈱䉂䈪ᢛℂ䈪䈐䉎႐ว䈏ዋ䈭䈒䈭䈇䇯႐ว䈮䉋䈦䈩䈲䇮ડᬺ䊧䊔䊦䈣
䈔䈪ᢛℂน⢻䈪䈲䈭䈇䈎䇯㸢వ䈝䈲ડᬺ䊧䊔䊦䈪㗄⋡䉕ౣᬌ⸛䇮ᢛℂ䈚䈩䇮䈠䉏䉕ㇱ⟑䊧䊔䊦䇮୘ੱ䊧䊔䊦䈮䊥䊮䉪䈘䈞䈩⪭䈫䈚䈩䈇䈒䋨䋺ኻᔕ䈘䈞䈩䈇䈒䋩ᚻᴺ䈏ᑪ⸳⊛䈭䈱䈪䈲䈭䈇䈎䇯

1−  −

⾗ᢱԟ
୘ੱ䊧䊔䊦
㪈

⥄ಽ䈏ⴕ䈦䈩䈇䉎઀੐䈏䇮ળ␠䉇␠ળ䈱䈬䈱䉋䈉䈭૏⟎䈨䈔䈎⠨䈋䉎䋨઀੐䈱ᗧ⟵䉕⠨䈋䈭䈏䉌઀੐䉕ⴕ䈉䋩㪉⥄ಽ䈏ⴕ䈦䈩䈇䉎઀੐䈏ળ␠䉇␠ળ䈱䈬䈱䉋䈉䈭૏⟎䈨䈔䈎䉒䈎䉌䈭䈇႐ว䇮ห௥䉇਄ม䈫⹤䈚ว䈇䇮⠨䈋䉎䇯㪊ળ␠䈱ਛ䈪⥄ಽ䈱ᗧ⟵䉕⷗಴䈜䉋䈉ദജ䈜䉎䋨䉝䉟䊂䊮䊁䉞䊁䉞䈱⏕┙䉕䉄䈙䈜䋩㪋⥄䉌઀੐䈱䉇䉍䈏䈇䉕䈘䈏䈜䇯䉇䉍䈏䈇䉕ត䈚䈭䈏䉌઀੐䉕ⴕ䈉䇯㪌㕙⊕䈇䈫ᕁ䈋䉎䉅䈱䉕ត䈚䈭䈏䉌઀੐䉕ⴕ䈉㪍୘ੱ䈏઀੐䈱䉴䉨䊦䉝䉾䊒䉕䋨Ᏹ䈮䋩ᔃ䈏䈔䉎䇮ᗧ⼂䈜䉎䇯䋨ᱜⷙ⡯ຬ䈣䈔䈪䈭䈒㕖ᱜⷙ⡯ຬ䉅ห᭽䋩㪎઀੐䈮䈍䈇䈩⥄Ꮖታ⃻䉕䈲䈎䉎䈫䈇䈉ᗧ⼂䉕ᜬ䈤䈭䈏䉌઀੐䉕ⴕ䈉㪏ળ␠䈏䈾䈚䈇䈫ᕁ䈋䉎䉋䈉䈭ੱ᧚䈫䈭䉎䉋䈉ദജ䈜䉎䇯㪐䈇䈐䈇䈐䈫䈚䈢⡯႐䈨䈒䉍䈮䇮⥄䉌䈏ነਈ䈜䉎䉋䈉ദജ䈜䉎䇯ෳ↹䈜䉎䇯

㪍

㊀ⷐᕈ

㪌

ታᣉน⢻ᕈ

㪋
㪊
㪉
㪈
㪇
㪈

㪉

㪊

㪋

㪌

㪍

㪎

㪏

㪐

ㇱ⟑䊧䊔䊦
㪈 ᔅⷐ䈭ᖱႎ䈲䉒䈔㓒䈩䈭䈒౏㐿䈜䉎䇭䋨ᖱႎ䈱ㅘ᣿ൻ䋩㪉䊙䊈䊷䉳䊞䊷䈲䇮઀੐䉕ਈ䈋䈢䉍౒䈮ⴕ䈉䈫䈐䈮䇮䈠䈱઀੐䈏ળ␠䉇␠ળ䈮ኻ䈚䈩䈬䈱䉋䈉䈭ᗧ๧䈏䈅䉎䈱䈎વ䈋䉎䇯㪊 䊙䊈䊷䉳䊞䊷䈲䇮઀੐䉕ਈ䈋䉎㓙䈮䇮␠ຬ䈱઀੐䈮ኻ䈜䉎ⷐᦸ䉇ᦼᓙ䈚䈩䈇䉎䈖䈫䉕⠨ᘦ䈜䉎䇯
㪋

▤ℂ⋙〈⠪䈏䇮⹏ଔ䉕ㇱਅ䈮䊐䉞䊷䊄䊋䉾䉪䈜䉎䈚䈒䉂䉕䈧䈒䉎䇯⡯႐න૏䈪䇮ഭ௛ᤨ㑆䉇ભᥜ䈱ᦼ㑆䉕⥃ᯏᔕᄌ䈮⺞ᢛ䈜䉎㪌䋨઀੐䈱❥ᔔᦼ䈭䈬䈲⊝䈪දജ䈚ว䈇䇮⪭䈤⌕䈇䈢䉌⋧੕䈮ભᥜ䉕ข䉍ว䈉䈭䈬䇯ዞᬺⷙೣ䈱▸࿐ౝ䈪䋩㪍 䈍੕䈇䉕⹺䉄ว䈇䇮ഥ䈔ว䈉⡯႐ⅣႺ䉕䈧䈒䉎㪎 ▤ℂ⡯䈏૞ᬺ䈱⷗ㅢ䈚䉕␜䈚䇮⸘↹⊛䈮઀੐䉕䉁䉒䈜䉋䈉ⴕേ䈜䉎䇯㪏㕖ᱜⷙ㓹↪䇮ᄾ⚂␠ຬ╬䈪䈅䈦䈩䉅䇮䈠䈱⡯႐䈪઀੐䉕⚻㛎䈜䉎䈖䈫䈮䉋䈦䈩䇮ઁ␠䈪䉅ㅢ↪䈜䉎䉋䈉䈭䉴䉨䊦䉕₪ᓧ䈪䈐䉎䉋䈉䇮઀੐䈱ਈ䈋ᣇ䇮ข䉍⚵䉂ᣇ䉕Ꮏᄦ䈜䉎䇯㪐 ઀੐䈱䋨ᜰ␜䈱䋩ᆎ䉄䈫⚳䉒䉍䈣䈔䈪䈭䈒䇮ㅜਛㆊ⒟䈮䈍䈇䈩䉅䇮⋧੕䈮ᖱႎ੤឵䈚䈭䈏䉌઀੐䉕䈜䈜䉄䈩䈇䈒૕೙䉕૞䉎㪈㪇ᖱ✜⊛ᡰេ䋨౒ᗵ䉕䉅䈦䈩ធ䈜䉎䋩䇮㆏ౕ⊛ᡰេ䋨ᔅⷐ䈭ᤨ㑆䇮ੱ᧚䉕ឭଏ䈜䉎䋩䇮ᖱႎ⊛ᡰេ䋨ᔅⷐ䈭ᖱႎ䉕ឭଏ䈜䉎䋩䈏ⴕ䉒䉏䈩䈇䉎䇯․䈮
਄ม䈎䉌ㇱਅ䈻

㪍

㊀ⷐᕈ
ታᣉน⢻ᕈ

㪌
㪋
㪊
㪉
㪈
㪇
㪈

㪉

㪊

㪋

㪌

㪍

㪎

㪏

㪐

㪈㪇

2
−  −

ડᬺ䊧䊔䊦
䇼ੱ᧚⢒ᚑ⊛஥㕙䇽㪈 䋨઀੐䈱䊙䊈䊷䉳䊜䊮䊃䈣䈔䈪䈭䈒䋩ੱ᧚䈱䊙䊈䊷䉳䊜䊮䊃䈏䈪䈐䉎䊤䉟䊮▤ℂ⡯䉕⢒ᚑ䈜䉎㪉 ᣹ㅴ䇮㈩⟎ォ឵䈮䈅䈢䈦䈩䈲䇮ળ␠䈏䇮ᣂ䈚䈇䊘䉳䉲䊢䊮䉇ㇱ⟑䈪䈱઀੐䈮䈧䈇䈩ቇ䈹䈢䉄䈱ᤨ㑆䉕ឭଏ䈚䈢䉍ᖱႎ䉕ឭଏ䈜䉎䇯㪊 ੱ੐ኻᔕ䈮䈅䈢䈦䈩䈲䇮␠ຬ䈱઀੐䈱ᬺ❣䈱䉂䈭䉌䈝䇮䋨ᄖ⷗਄䈱䋩ஜᐽᐲ䇮䉝䉪䊁䉞䊎䊁䉞䈭䈬䉅⠨ᘦ䈜䉎䇯䇼⹏ଔ䈮㑐䈜䉎஥㕙䇽㪋 ᬺ⇇䈱ᄌൻ䈱䉴䊏䊷䊄䈫ห䊧䊔䊦䈱䋨઀੐਄䈱䋩ᄌൻ䉕䇮␠ຬ৻ੱ䈵䈫䉍䈮᳞䉄䈭䈇䇯㪌 䋨▤ℂ⋙〈⠪䈱⹏ଔ䈮䈲䋩⚻༡਄䈱ᬺ❣⹏ଔ䈱䉂䈭䉌䈝⚵❱ㆇ༡䋨⡯႐ㆇ༡䇮ੱ䈱▤ℂ䋩䈱⹏ଔゲ䉕ട䈋䉎䇯㪍 䋨ഭ௛⠪䈱⹏ଔ䈮䈲䋩␠ળ⊛⽸₂╬䇮⚻༡਄䈱ᬺ❣એᄖ䈱ㇱಽ䉅⹏ଔ䈜䉎䇯㪎 䋨ᔅⷐ䈮ᔕ䈛䈩䋩▤ℂ⋙〈⠪䈏ⴕ䈉ᬺോ䈱▸࿐䉕䉰䊘䊷䊃䈜䉎ੱ᧚䉕䈧䈔䉎䇯㪏 ⚻༡ጀ䈏䇮⡯႐⚵❱䈱㊀ⷐᕈ䉕㊀ⷞ䈚䈢䇮⡯႐䈱⹏ଔ䉕ⴕ䈉㪐ഭ௛⠪䈱ᄙ᭽ᕈ䉕⹏ଔ䈚䇮ో૕ὐ䈪䈱䉂⹏ଔ䉕䈚䈭䈇䇯ᓧᗧ䈭ಽ㊁╬䇮৻ㇱಽ䈮⑲䈪䉎ഭ௛⠪䈮ኻ䈚䈩䈲䇮䈠䈱ㇱಽ䉕ㆡಾ䈮⹏ଔ䈜䉎䇯䉁䈢䈠䈱⹏ଔ䉕ㇱ⟑䈪౒᦭䈜䉎䇯䇼೙ᐲ䈍䉋䈶䈠䈱೑↪䈮㑐䈜䉎੐ᨩ䇽㪈㪇 ⡯႐ᣏⴕ䇮䊧䊥䉪䉣䊷䉲䊢䊮䉟䊔䊮䊃䇮ㆇേળ╬䉕ડ↹䈜䉎㪈㪈 䊪䊷䉪䊤䉟䊐䊋䊤䊮䉴䉕ផㅴ䈜䉎䇯㪈㪉 ⢒ఽભᥜขᓧ䉕ផㅴ䈜䉎䇯㪈㪊 䊌䊪䊷䊊䊤䉴䊜䊮䊃䊶䉶䉪䉲䊞䊦䊊䊤䉴䊜䊮䊃䊶䈠䈱ઁ⋧⺣⓹ญ䉕⸳⟎䈚䇮ᯏ⢻䈘䈞䉎㪈㪋 䉼䊠䊷䉺䊷೙ᐲ䇮䊜䊮䉺䊷೙ᐲ䇮䌂䌂䉕ណ↪䈜䉎㪈㪌 ડᬺౝ䈪ⶋ⾨೙ᐲ䉕䈧䈒䉎䋨䈾䉄䉎ᢥൻ䈱㉯ᚑ䋩㪈㪍 䈎䈭䉌䈝䈚䉅ᬺ❣䈮⋥⚿䈚䈭䈇઀੐䈮ኻ䈚䈩䉅⹏ଔ䉕ⴕ䈉㪈㪎 ઀੐䈱ᤨ㑆䇮᦭⛎ભᥜ䈱೑↪䇮䊐䊧䉾䉪䉴೙ᐲ䈭䈬䇮୘ੱ䈫䈚䈩䈱ⵙ㊂ᐲ䈮㑐ㅪ䈜䉎ડᬺౝ䈱೙ᐲ䉕ᵴ↪䈜䉎㪈㪏 ⇣േ⊓㍳೙䉕ណ↪䈜䉎䇯䋨୘ੱ䈱ᦸ䉃䉨䊞䊥䉝䈱ᄙ᭽ᕈ䉕ળ␠䈱ਛ䈪᦭ല䈮ᵴ↪䈜䉎䈢䉄䈱ᣇ╷䋩

㪍

㊀ⷐᕈ
ታᣉน⢻ᕈ

㪌
㪋
㪊
㪉
㪈
㪇
㪈

㪉

㪊

㪋

㪌

㪍

㪎

㪏

㪐

㪈㪇 㪈㪈

㪈㪉 㪈㪊

㪈㪋 㪈㪌

㪈㪍 㪈㪎

㪈㪏

3
−  −

䇼⡯႐㘑࿯૞䉍䇽㪈㪐 㐳ᤨ㑆ᱷᬺ䉕ኈ⹺䈜䉎㘑࿯䉕䈅䉌䈢䉄䉎㪉㪇 ᔅⷐ䈏䈅䈦䈩ⴕ䉒䉏䉎ዞᬺ೙㒢䈮䈧䈇䈩䇮ડᬺో૕䈪ฃ䈔౉䉏䉎㘑࿯䉕૞䉎㪉㪈 䋨␠ຬ䉕ᄢಾ䈮䈜䉎䋩䋨␠ຬ䈏䈇䈐䈇䈐䈫௛䈒䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉎䈖䈫䉕䋩ડᬺ䈱䊘䊥䉲䊷䈫䈚䈩ឝ䈕䉎㪉㪉 ୘ੱ䈱ᄙ᭽ᕈ䉕ฃ䈔౉䉏䉌䉏䉎㘑࿯䉕䈧䈒䉎㪉㪊 ⥄ಽ䈱ᗧ⷗䉕ㅀ䈼䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䇮䈠䉏䈏䋨ㇱ⟑䉇ડᬺౝ䈪䋩䈉䈔䈫䉄䉌䉏䉎㘑࿯䇮೙ᐲ䉕䈧䈒䉎䇯䇼䈠䈱ઁ䇽㪉㪋 ઀੐䈏䈉䉁䈒䈇䈎䈭䈇ੱ䉇ஜᐽ⁁ᘒ䈱ᖡ䈇ੱ䈮䈧䈇䈩䇮ᔅⷐ䈭␠ຬ䈫䈚䈩ኈ⹺䈚䇮ㆡ᧚ㆡᚲ䉕ᬌ⸛䈜䉎䇯㪉㪌 ⚻༡ጀ䈏ᱜ䈚䈇ᖱႎ䉕ᓥᬺຬ䈮ឭଏ䈜䉎㪉㪍 ⚻༡ጀ䈫ᓥᬺຬ䈱㑆䈮ା㗬㑐ଥ䉕᭴▽䈜䉎㪉㪎 ഭ௛⠪䉕౏ᐔ䈮ᛒ䈉㪉㪏 ᔅⷐ䈭ᖱႎ䉕౏ᐔ䈮㐿␜䈜䉎㪉㪐 ഭ௛⠪䈏ᗧ⷗䉕ㅀ䈼䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉎䇮⇣⼏䉕↳䈚┙䈩䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉎㘑࿯䉕䈧䈒䉎

㪍

㊀ⷐᕈ
ታᣉน⢻ᕈ

㪌
㪋
㪊
㪉
㪈
㪇
㪈㪐

㪉㪇

㪉㪈

㪉㪉

㪉㪊

㪉㪋

㪉㪌

㪉㪍

㪉㪎

㪉㪏

㪉㪐

࿖䊧䊔䊦
㪈

⡯႐䈲⥄Ꮖታ⃻䈱႐䈪䈅䉎䇮䈫䈇䈉⹺⼂䉕ᜬ䈤䇮Ᏹ䈮䉴䉨䊦䉝䉾䊒䉕⋡ᜰ䈠䈉䈫䈜䉎⾗⾰䉕䉅䈦䈢ੱ㑆䈫䈭䉎䉋䈉䈭ડᬺੱ䉕ヘ಴䈜䉎䉋䈉䈭ᢎ⢒䉕ⴕ䈉㪉䊜䊮䉺䊦䊓䊦䉴䈱ะ਄䈮ᖡᓇ㗀䉕ਈ䈋䉎䉋䈉䈭ⷙ೙䈱⷗⋥䈚䉕ⴕ䈉䇯㪊୘ੱ䈏᭽䇱䈭ଔ୯ⷰ䉕ᜬ䈦䈢䉍䇮䉁䈢䈠䈱䉋䈉䈭୘ੱ䉕ฃ䈔౉䉏䉌䉏䉎ੱ᧚䉕⢒ᚑ䈜䉎䇯㪋⥄ಽ䈱ᗧ⷗䉕⴫⃻䈪䈐䉎ੱ᧚䉕⢒ᚑ䈜䉎㪌䈵䈫䈧䈱᭎ᔨ䈣䈔䈪⥄ಽ䉕⹏ଔ䈞䈝䇮᭽䇱䈭஥㕙䈪⥄ಽ䈱น⢻ᕈ䉕⠨䈋䈢䉍᜸ᚢ䈪䈐䉎⾗⾰䉕䉅䈦䈢ੱ᧚䉕⢒ᚑ䈜䉎㪍ᄙ᭽ᕈ䉕ฃ䈔౉䉏䈧䈧䇮࿅૕ᵴേ䈮䈍䈇䈩䉅⥃ᯏᔕᄌ䈮ⴕേ䈪䈐䉎䇮ද⺞ᕈ䉕䉅䈦䈢ੱ᧚䉕⢒ᚑ䈜䉎

㪍

㊀ⷐᕈ

㪌

ታᣉน⢻ᕈ

㪋
㪊
㪉
㪈
㪇
㪈

㪉

㪊

㪋

㪌

㪍

4
−  −

⾗ᢱԠ
㊀ⷐᕈ

ታᣉน⢻ᕈ

䉮䊜䊮䊃

ડᬺ䊧䊔䊦
䇼ੱ᧚⢒ᚑ⊛஥㕙䇽䋨઀੐䈱䊙䊈䊷䉳䊜䊮䊃䈣䈔䈪䈭䈒䋩ੱ᧚䈱䊙䊈䊷䉳㪈 䊜䊮䊃䈏䈪䈐䉎䊤䉟䊮▤ℂ⡯䉕⢒ᚑ䈜䉎㪌᣹ㅴ䇮㈩⟎ォ឵䈮䈅䈢䈦䈩䈲䇮ળ␠䈏䇮ᣂ䈚䈇䊘䉳䉲䊢䊮䉇ㇱ⟑䈪䈱઀੐䈮䈧䈇䈩ቇ䈹䈢䉄䈱ᤨ㑆䉕ឭଏ䈚䈢䉍ᖱႎ䉕ឭଏ䈜䉎䇯㪋㪉ੱ੐ኻᔕ䈮䈅䈢䈦䈩䈲䇮␠ຬ䈱઀੐䈱ᬺ❣䈱䉂䈭㪊 䉌䈝䇮䋨ᄖ⷗਄䈱䋩ஜᐽᐲ䇮䉝䉪䊁䉞䊎䊁䉞䈭䈬䉅⠨ ୃᱜᘦ䈜䉎䇯㸡 ᧄੱ䈱䉝䉡䊃 䊒䉾䊃䈣䈔䈪䈭䈒䇮∋ഭᐲ䉇㗻⦡䉕⷗ୃᱜ 䈭䈏䉌ኻᔕ䈜䉎㪊ో૕䈫䈚 䈩⸒⪲䈏᛽⽎⊛䈪䉋䈒䉒䈎䉌䈭䈇䋨ౕ૕ᕈ䈏䈭䈇䋩ੱ䈮䉋䈦䈩ᓧᗧ䈭䈫䈖䉐䈏⇣䈭䉎䋨ੱ䈱䊙䊈䉳䊜䊮䊃䈫઀੐䈱䊙䊈䉳䊜䊮䊃䋩㪊䋲䈧䈱䊙䊈䉳䊜䊮䊃ജ䈲ᓔ䇱䈮䈚䈩ਔ┙䈚䈭䈇䇯ౕ૕ᕈ䈏䈭䈇䈱䈪ታ⃻น⢻ᕈ䈏ਇ᣿ᤨ㑆䉇ᖱႎ䇭䋽䇭㪦㪡㪫䋿䇭ᤨ㑆䉕⧯ᐓ₈੍䈜䉎䋿䉮䊷䉼䊮䉫⊛ⷐ⚛
⵾ㅧ䈱⃻႐♽䈪䈅䉏䈳▤ℂ⡯䈪䈅䉏䈳䇸ⴕ䈦䈢䈫䈖䉐䈪⿛䉏䇹䈫䈭䉎䇯ὶὐ䈏⺕䈮䈅䈢䈦䈩䈇䉎䈎䈏㊀ⷐ䇯ታ㪋ⴕน⢻ᕈ䈲⡯⒳䉇⡯႐䈮䉋䉎䋨⃻႐䈲቟ో䊦䊷䊦䉕ᢎ䈋䈭䈔䉏䈳䈭䉌䈭䈇䇮੐ോ⡯႐䉅ᔅⷐ䋿䋩㶎ળ␠䈲චಽ䈫ᕁ䈦䈩ឭଏ䈚䈩䈇䈩䉅ᧄੱ䈏චಽ䈫ᕁ䈦䈩䈇䈭䈇ળ␠䈫୘ੱ䈱䊚䉴䊙䉾䉼䈏䈅䉎ੱ੐ኻᔕ䈫䈲䋿ஜᐽ䊂䊷䉺䉕ข䉎䈭䈫䈇䈉ᗧ๧䋿್ᢿୃᱜ ၮḰ䈏ਥⷰ䈮䉋䉎䉅䈱䈭䈱䈪෻ኻ䈜䉎⠪䉅಴䈩䈒䉎น⢻ᕈ䈏䈅䉎䇯㗻⦡䉕⷗䈩䇸ભ䉄䇹䈫䈇䈉䈖䈫䈮㑐䈚䈩䈲ੌ⸃น⢻䈣䈏䇮᣹ㅴ䈫䈭䉎䈫䊶䊶䊶䋿䇭⴫⃻䉕ୃᱜ䈜䉎㸠ୃᱜ 䈪䈱್ᢿ㪊ో૕䋺એਅ䈱㗄⋡䈮ኻᔕ䈚䈩䈇䈭䈇䈫⹏ଔ䈏ਅ䈏䉎䈫䈇䈉ᗧ๧䈎䋿

䇼⹏ଔ䈮㑐䈜䉎஥㕙䇽ᬺ⇇䈱ᄌൻ䈱䉴䊏䊷䊄䈫ห䊧䊔䊦䈱䋨઀੐਄䈱䋩ᄌୃᱜ㪋 ൻ䉕䇮␠ຬ৻ੱ䈵䈫䉍䈮᳞䉄䈭䈇䇯㸡 ᬺ⇇䈱ᄌൻ䈱䉴䊏䊷䊄䈫ห䊧䊔䊦䈱䋨઀੐਄䈱䋩ᄌ䉎䈏䇮䈪䈐䈭䈒䈩䉅䇸⷗ୃᱜ ൻ䉕䇮␠ຬ৻ੱ䈵䈫䉍䈮᳞䉄ᝥ䈩䈭䈇䇮⢒ᚑ䈜䉎䇮ᡰេ䈜䉎䇹

䋨▤ℂ⋙〈⠪䈱⹏ଔ䈮䈲䋩⚻༡਄䈱ᬺ❣⹏ଔ䈱䉂㪌 䈭䉌䈝⚵❱ㆇ༡䋨⡯႐ㆇ༡䇮ੱ䈱▤ℂ䋩䈱⹏ଔゲ䉕ട䈋䉎䋨ഭ௛⠪䈱⹏ଔ䈮䈲䋩␠ળ⊛⽸₂╬䇮⚻༡਄䈱ᬺ❣એᄖ䈱ㇱಽ䉅⹏ଔ䈜䉎䇯

㪋
㪌

㪉

㪍

㪎 䋨ᔅⷐ䈮ᔕ䈛䈩䋩▤ℂ⋙〈⠪䈏ⴕ䈉ᬺോ䈱▸࿐䉕䉰 㪌䊘䊷䊃䈜䉎ੱ᧚䉕䈧䈔䉎䇯㪏 ⚻༡ጀ䈏䇮⡯႐⚵❱䈱㊀ⷐᕈ䉕㊀ⷞ䈚䈢䇮⡯႐䈱 ୃᱜ⹏ଔ䉕ⴕ䈉㸡 ᬺ❣䈏⍴ᦼ㑆䈪਄䈏䉌䈭䈇⚵❱䇮ㇱ⟑䈪䈅䈦䈩䉅䇮 㪌ୃᱜ ⚵❱䈱ᔅⷐᕈ䈫㊀ⷐᕈ䉕⠨ᘦ䈚䈩⹏ଔഭ௛⠪䈱ᄙ᭽ᕈ䉕⹏ଔ䈚䇮ో૕ὐ䈪䈱䉂⹏ଔ䉕䈚䈭䈇䇯ᓧᗧ䈭ಽ㊁╬䇮৻ㇱಽ䈮⑲䈪䉎ഭ௛⠪䈮ኻ㪋㪐 䈚䈩䈲䇮䈠䈱ㇱಽ䉕ㆡಾ䈮⹏ଔ䈜䉎䇯䉁䈢䈠䈱⹏ଔ䉕ㇱ⟑䈪౒᦭䈜䉎䇯ᗧ๧䈏䈧䈎䉄䈭䈇䇯઀੐਄䈱䇸ᄌൻ䉕␠ຬ৻ੱ䈵䈫䉍ୃᱜ 䈮᳞䉄䈭䈇䇹䈫䈲䋿䇯䇸䈚䈭䈇䇹䈫 䈇䈉⴫⃻䈏⸃㉼࿎㔍䇯䇸᳞䉄䉎䈏䈪䈐䈭䈒䈩䉅⷗ᝥ䈩䈭䈇䇹䈪䈅䉏䈳㊀ⷐ䇯䈅䉎⒟ᐲദജ䈲ᔅⷐ䇯ᄌൻ䈮ኻᔕ䈪䈐䈭䈇႐ว䈱េഥ㸠ୃᱜ 䈪䈱್ᢿ㪋㪌䈜䈪䈮ข䉍⚵䉖䈪䈇䉎䈫䈖䉐䈏ᄙ䈇ᬺ❣એᄖ䈱ㇱಽ䈫䈲૗䈎䋨࿾ၞ䈱䊗䊤䊮䊁䉞䉝䋿࿾ၞ䈱ᶖ㒐࿅䋿䋩
ળ␠䈫䈚 䈩䈱࿾ၞ⽸₂䇮࿾ၞ䈫䈱౒↢䈮❬䈏䉎႐ว䈲㪉⹏ଔኻ⽎䈮䈭䉍䈉䉎䈏䇮ዊ⺑䉕ᦠ䈒䈭䈬䈲䈬䈉䈭䉎䋿␠ળ⊛⽸₂䈱ᐲว䈇䈮䈧䈇䈩䈱䊧䊷䊁䉞䊮䉫䈏㔍䈚䈇䇯㶎౏ോຬ䈪䈅䉏䈳䋨␠ળ䉇࿾ၞ䈪䈱ᆔຬ䇮ቇળ䈮ෳട䈚䈢╬䋩⹏ଔ䈘䉏䉎ὐ䉅䈅䉎䇯䉰䊑䊥䊷䉻䊷䉕䈧䈔䉎䈭䈬䇯㊀ⷐᕈ䈲㜞䈇䈏ታᣉน⢻㪊ᕈ䈏㜞䈒䈭䈇䈱䈪⃻⁁ㅴ䉄䉌䉏䈩䈇䈭䈇䈱䈪䈲䇯ୃᱜ ᛽⽎⊛䈪ℂ⸃㔍䋨⋡┙䈧ᵷᚻ䈭⡯႐䈣䈔䈪䈭䈒䇮⋡┙䈢䈭䈇⡯႐䈮䉅⋡䉕ะ䈔䉎䈫䈇䈉⸃㉼䋿䋩㸠ୃᱜ 䈪䈱್ᢿ㪋㊀ⷐ䈣䈏૶䈇䈖䈭䈞䉎▤ℂ⠪䈏䈇䉎䈎䈬䈉䈎䈏⺖㗴㪉䇼೙ᐲ䈍䉋䈶䈠䈱೑↪䈮㑐䈜䉎੐ᨩ䇽⡯႐ᣏⴕ䇮䊧䊥䉪䉣䊷䉲䊢䊮䉟䊔䊮䊃䇮ㆇേળ╬䉕ડ㪈㪇 ↹䈜䉎
㪋䊪䊷䉪䊤䉟䊐䊋䊤䊮䉴䉕ផㅴ䈜䉎䇯
㪈㪈
೥㒰

㪋

䈅䈦䈩䉅ᖡ䈒䈲䈭䈇ୃᱜ᛽⽎⊛䈜䈑䉎䇯ផㅴ䈜䉎䈫䈲䇯㊀ⶄ䈚䈩䈇䉎䈱䈪೥㒰೥㒰 ⢒ఽભᥜ䈮䈧䈇䈩䋿㹢㗄⋡㪈㪉䈮╬䈚䈇䇯㐳ᤨ㑆ഭ௛೥ᷫ䈮䈧䈇䈩䋿㹢㗄⋡㪈㪎䈮╬䈚䈇㪌⓹ญ䈏ᯏ⢻䈚䈩䈇䈭䈇䇯⓹ญ䉕૞䈦䈩䈚 䉁䈉䈫⺕䈏૶䈦䈩䈇䉎䈎䉒䈎䉎䇯⓹ญᜂᒰ䉅⍮⼂䈏⿷䉍䈝䇮ੑ㊀䉶䉪㪊䊊䊤䈏⿠䈖䈦䈩䈇䉎䈫䈇䈉଀䉅䇯䈚䈦䈎䉍ᯏ⢻䈘䈞䉎䈖䈫䈏ᄢಾ䇯⓹ญ䈏䇸䈅䉎䇹䈣䈔䈪䈭䈒䇮䇸ᯏ⢻䈘䈞䉎䇹䈱䈪䉼䊠䊷䉺䊷䈏䊌䊪䊊䊤䋨ㆊᐲ䈱ᜰዉ䋩䈫䈇䈉䈖䈫䉅䈅䉎䇯㪌೙ᐲ⥄૕䈲㊀ⷐ䈣䈏䇮䊙䉾䉼䊮䉫䉇▤ℂ䈏㔍䈚䈇䇯೙ᐲ䈱ណ↪䈲◲න䈣䈏䇮ᯏ⢻䈘䈞䉎䈮䈲㔍䈚䈇䇯ୃᱜ 䇸೙ᐲ䇹䈫䇸ᢥൻ䈱㉯ᚑ䇹䈲⇣䈭䉎㸡 ડᬺౝ䈪䈾䉄䉎䋨⹺䉄䉎䋩䈖䈫䉕ᔃ䈏䈔䉎㪋ୃᱜ㪈㪍 䈎䈭䉌䈝䈚䉅ᬺ❣䈮⋥⚿䈚䈭䈇઀੐䈮ኻ䈚䈩䉅⹏ଔ ೥㒰䉕ⴕ䈉઀੐䈱ᤨ㑆䇮᦭⛎ભᥜ䈱೑↪䇮䊐䊧䉾䉪䉴೙ᐲ䈭 ୃᱜ㪈㪎 䈬䇮୘ੱ䈫䈚䈩䈱ⵙ㊂ᐲ䈮㑐ㅪ䈜䉎ડᬺౝ䈱೙ᐲដ䈔ჿ䉕䈎䈔䉎䈖䈫䈲◲න䈣䈏䇮䇸ᢥൻ䈱㉯ᚑ䇹䈲㔍䈚䈇䇯䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䈭䈱䈪⴫⃻ୃᱜ೥㒰 㗄⋡㪏䈮╬䈚䈇䇯೥㒰ୃᱜ 㸠ᢥ┨䈱ℂ⸃䈏㔍䈚䈇䈱䈪ୃᱜ 䈪䈱್ᢿ㪈㪉 ⢒ఽભᥜขᓧ䉕ផㅴ䈜䉎䇯䊌䊪䊷䊊䊤䉴䊜䊮䊃䊶䉶䉪䉲䊞䊦䊊䊤䉴䊜䊮䊃䊶䈠䈱ઁ㪈㪊 ⋧⺣⓹ญ䉕⸳⟎䈚䇮ᯏ⢻䈘䈞䉎㪈㪋䉼䊠䊷䉺䊷೙ᐲ䇮䊜䊮䉺䊷೙ᐲ䇮䌂䌂䉕ណ↪䈜䉎㪈㪌 ડᬺౝ䈪ⶋ⾨೙ᐲ䉕䈧䈒䉎䋨䈾䉄䉎ᢥൻ䈱㉯ᚑ䋩㸡 ઀੐䈱ᤨ㑆䇮᦭⛎ભᥜ䈱೑↪䇮䊐䊧䉾䉪䉴೙ᐲ䈭䈬䇮୘ੱ䈫 䈚䈩䈱ⵙ㊂ᐲ䈮㑐ㅪ䈜䉎ડᬺౝ䈱೙ᐲୃᱜ䈱ᵴ↪䉕ଦㅴ䈜䉎䋨೑↪ᐲ䉕㜞䉄䉎䋩䇯⇣േ⊓㍳೙䉕ណ↪䈜䉎䇯䋨୘ੱ䈱ᦸ䉃䉨䊞䊥䉝䈱ᄙ㪈㪏 ᭽ᕈ䉕ળ␠䈱ਛ䈪᦭ല䈮ᵴ↪䈜䉎䈢䉄䈱ᣇ╷䋩

㪌
㪌
㪋

㪊

㪌

㪋

ᯏ⢻䈘䈞䉎䈫䈇䈉႐ว䈲䈪䈲㔍䈚䈇䋨ታⴕน⢻ᕈ䈲ਅ
䈏䉎䋩

㪊

㪋

㗄⋡㪉䈫㑐ㅪ䇯ታᣉ䈲䈪䈐䈠䈉䈣䈏㊀ⷐᕈ䇯ㆡ᧚ㆡᚲ䈫䈇䈉ᗧ๧䈪䈅䉏䈳䉋䈇䈏䇮⃻⁁䈮ਇḩ䉕ㅀ䈼䉎ᣇ䈮ኻ䈜䉎䉅䈱䈪䈅䉏䈳ᷙੂ䈜䉎䈣䈔

5−  −

㊀ⷐᕈ

ታᣉน⢻ᕈ

䇼⡯႐㘑࿯૞䉍䇽㪈㪐 㐳ᤨ㑆ᱷᬺ䉕ኈ⹺䈜䉎㘑࿯䉕䈅䉌䈢䉄䉎ୃᱜ㸡 㐳ᤨ㑆ᱷᬺ䉕೥ᷫ䈜䉎䈢䉄䈱䊒䊤䊮䋨ഭ௛ᤨ㑆⸘㪌ୃᱜ ↹䋩䉕૞ᚑᔅⷐ䈏䈅䈦䈩ⴕ䉒䉏䉎ዞᬺ೙㒢䈮䈧䈇䈩䇮ડᬺో㪉㪇ୃᱜ૕䈪ฃ䈔౉䉏䉎㘑࿯䉕૞䉎㸡 ᔅⷐ䈏䈅䈦䈩ⴕ䉒䉏䉎ዞᬺ೙㒢䈮䈧䈇䈩䇮ડᬺో㪌ୃᱜ ૕䈪ฃ䈔౉䉏䉎䋨␠ຬ䉕ᄢಾ䈮䈜䉎䋩䋨␠ຬ䈏䈇䈐䈇䈐䈫௛䈒䈖䈫䈏㪉㪈 䈪䈐䉎䈖䈫䉕䋩ડᬺ䈱䊘䊥䉲䊷䈫䈚䈩ឝ䈕䉎ୃᱜ㸡 ␠ຬ䉕ᄢಾ䈮䈜䉎䇮␠ຬ䈏䈇䈐䈇䈐䈫௛䈒䈖䈫䈏䈪㪋ୃᱜ 䈐䉎䈖䈫䉕ડᬺ䈱䊘䊥䉲䊷䈫䈚䈩ឝ䈕䉎୘ੱ䈱ᄙ᭽ᕈ䉕ฃ䈔౉䉏䉌䉏䉎㘑࿯䉕䈧䈒䉎㪉㪉䋿⥄ಽ䈱ᗧ⷗䉕ㅀ䈼䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䇮䈠䉏䈏䋨ㇱ⟑䉇ડୃᱜᬺౝ䈪䋩䈉䈔䈫䉄䉌䉏䉎㘑࿯䇮೙ᐲ䉕䈧䈒䉎䇯㸡 ⥄ಽ䈱ᗧ⷗䉕ㅀ䈼䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䇮䈠䉏䈏䋨ㇱ⟑䉇ડ 㪌ୃᱜ ᬺౝ䈪䋩䈉䈔䈫䉄䉌䉏䉎䇼䈠䈱ઁ䇽઀੐䈏䈉䉁䈒䈇䈎䈭䈇ੱ䉇ஜᐽ⁁ᘒ䈱ᖡ䈇ੱ䈮䈧㪉㪋 䈇䈩䇮ᔅⷐ䈭␠ຬ䈫䈚䈩ኈ⹺䈚䇮ㆡ᧚ㆡᚲ䉕ᬌ⸛䈜 㪌䉎⚻༡ጀ䈏ᱜ䈚䈇ᖱႎ䉕ᓥᬺຬ䈮ឭଏ䈜䉎
㪉㪌
೥㒰
㪉㪊

㪉㪍 ⚻༡ጀ䈫ᓥᬺຬ䈱㑆䈮ା㗬㑐ଥ䉕᭴▽䈜䉎ୃᱜ㸡 ⚻༡ጀ䈫ᓥᬺຬ䈱㑆䈮ା㗬㑐ଥ䉕᭴▽䈜䉎䈢䉄䈮㪌ୃᱜ ᔅⷐ䈭ᖱႎ䉕౏ᐔ䈮ᱜ䈚䈒㐿␜䈜䉎ഭ௛⠪䉕౏ᐔ䈮ᛒ䈉㪉㪎㪉㪏ᔅⷐ䈭ᖱႎ䉕౏ᐔ䈮㐿␜䈜䉎

ୃᱜ
㪊
ୃᱜ

㘑࿯䈲೥㒰

㪊
ୃᱜ

䋨䋩䉕೥㒰

㪌
䋿

ᄙ᭽ᕈ䈫䈲䇯᛽⽎ᐲ䈏㜞䈒್ᢿ䈏㔍䈚䈇㗄⋡㪉㪇䇮㪉㪉䇮㪉㪋䈲䉶䊷䊐䊁䉞䊷䊈䉾䊃䈱䈖䈫䋿䈪䈅䉏䈳䇮㗄⋡㪉㪉䈫㗄⋡㪉㪋䉕⛔ว

ୃᱜ
㪊

೥㒰

䇸ᬌ⸛䈜䉎䇹䈫䈇䈉䈖䈫䈮㒢ቯ䈚䈢ታᣉน⢻ᕈ䇯ታᣉน⢻ᕈ䈲ડᬺ䈱ᄢ䈐䈘䈮䉋䉎ᱜ䈚䈇䇮䈫䈲䋿㗄⋡㪉㪍䉕㆐ᚑ䈜䉎䈢䉄䈱㗄⋡䈫ᝒ䈋䉌䉏䉎䈱䈪㗄⋡㪉㪍䈮⛔วୃᱜ᛽⽎⊛䈪⹏ଔ䈏䈪䈐䈭䈇䈱䈪ୃᱜ

㪊

㪋

㪌

㪊

೥㒰

೥㒰

ഭ௛⠪䈏ᗧ⷗䉕ㅀ䈼䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉎䇮⇣⼏䉕↳䈚┙㪉㪐 䈩䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉎㘑࿯䉕䈧䈒䉎೥㒰࿖䊧䊔䊦⡯႐䈲⥄Ꮖታ⃻䈱႐䈪䈅䉎䇮䈫䈇䈉⹺⼂䉕ᜬ䈤䇮Ᏹ㪈 䈮䉴䉨䊦䉝䉾䊒䉕⋡ᜰ䈠䈉䈫䈜䉎⾗⾰䉕䉅䈦䈢ੱ㑆䈫䈭䉎䉋䈉䈭ડᬺੱ䉕ヘ಴䈜䉎䉋䈉䈭ᢎ⢒䉕ⴕ䈉䊜䊮䉺䊦䊓䊦䉴䈱ะ਄䈮ᖡᓇ㗀䉕ਈ䈋䉎䉋䈉䈭ⷙ೙㪉 䈱⷗⋥䈚䉕ⴕ䈉䇯୘ੱ䈏᭽䇱䈭ଔ୯ⷰ䉕ᜬ䈦䈢䉍䇮䉁䈢䈠䈱䉋䈉䈭୘㪊ੱ䉕ฃ䈔౉䉏䉌䉏䉎ੱ᧚䉕⢒ᚑ䈜䉎䇯㪋 ⥄ಽ䈱ᗧ⷗䉕⴫⃻䈪䈐䉎ੱ᧚䉕⢒ᚑ䈜䉎䈵䈫䈧䈱᭎ᔨ䈣䈔䈪⥄ಽ䉕⹏ଔ䈞䈝䇮᭽䇱䈭஥㕙㪌 䈪⥄ಽ䈱น⢻ᕈ䉕⠨䈋䈢䉍᜸ᚢ䈪䈐䉎⾗⾰䉕䉅䈦䈢ੱ᧚䉕⢒ᚑ䈜䉎ᄙ᭽ᕈ䉕ฃ䈔౉䉏䈧䈧䇮࿅૕ᵴേ䈮䈍䈇䈩䉅⥃ᯏ㪍 ᔕᄌ䈮ⴕേ䈪䈐䉎䇮ද⺞ᕈ䉕䉅䈦䈢ੱ᧚䉕⢒ᚑ䈜䉎䉮䊜䊮䊃ో૕䋺䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䊥䉴䊃䈮㘑࿯૞䉍䉕౉䉏䉎䈼䈐䈪䈲䈭䈇㘑࿯䉕૞䉎䈢䉄䈮䈬䈉䈇䈉ⴕേ䉕䈫䉎䈎䉕䊥䉴䊃䈜䉎ᔅⷐ䈏䈅䉎㗄⋡㪈㪌䈮╬䈚䈇䇯೥㒰౏ᐔ䈫౏ᱜ䈫ᐔ╬䇮ᣣᧄ⺆䈏㔍䈚䈇䊶䊶䊶↪⺆䈮䉋䈦䈩⸃㉼䈏⇣䈭䉎䇯
⺕䈏䇮䈬䈉䈇䈉஥㕙䈮౏ᐔ䈪䈅䉎䈱䈎䇯ᐔ╬䈪䈲䈭䈇⁁ᴫ䈱ਅ䇮ᯏળ䉕╬䈚䈒䇯䇸஍䉌䈭䈇䇹䈫䈇䈉ᗧ๧ว䈇䈪䈱್ᢿ䇯ᚻ⛯䈐䈮䈧䈇䈩䈲౏ᐔ䈮䈪䈐䉎䈏䇮䇸ᛒ䈉䇹䈫䈭䉎䈫ੱ㑆䈱ᅢ䈐ህ䈇䉇䈋䈖䈵䈇䈐䈲㒐䈑䉋䈉䈱䈭䈇㗄⋡㪉㪍䉕㆐ᚑ䈜䉎䈢䉄䈱㗄⋡䈫ᝒ䈋䉌䉏䉎䈱䈪㗄⋡㪉㪍䈮⛔ว㗄⋡㪉㪊䈮╬䈚䈇ᢥㇱ⑼ቇ⋭䈭䈬
ᢎ⢒䈲䈬䈖䈪ⴕ䈉䈎䇯㜞ᩞ䊶ᄢቇ䊶ኾ㐷ቇᩞⷙ೙䈫䈲૗䈎䇯ౕ૕⊛䈭䉟䊜䊷䉳䈏䈾䈚䈇ዊቇᩞ䌾ਛቇᩞ䈪䉇䉎䈼䈐䈖䈫ዊቇᩞ㜞ᩞୃቇᣏⴕ䊶ㇱᵴ

6−  −

㊀ⷐᕈ

ታᣉน⢻ᕈ

䇼⡯႐㘑࿯૞䉍䇽㪈㪐 㐳ᤨ㑆ᱷᬺ䉕ኈ⹺䈜䉎㘑࿯䉕䈅䉌䈢䉄䉎ୃᱜ㸡 㐳ᤨ㑆ᱷᬺ䉕೥ᷫ䈜䉎䈢䉄䈱䊒䊤䊮䋨ഭ௛ᤨ㑆⸘㪌ୃ ↹䋩䉕૞ᚑ
ᔅⷐ䈏䈅䈦䈩ⴕ䉒䉏䉎ዞᬺ೙㒢䈮䈧䈇䈩䇮ડᬺోୃᱜ㪉㪇૕䈪ฃ䈔౉䉏䉎㘑࿯䉕૞䉎㸡 ᔅⷐ䈏䈅䈦䈩ⴕ䉒䉏䉎ዞᬺ೙㒢䈮䈧䈇䈩䇮ડᬺో㪌ୃ ૕䈪ฃ䈔౉䉏䉎䋨␠ຬ䉕ᄢಾ䈮䈜䉎䋩䋨␠ຬ䈏䈇䈐䈇䈐䈫௛䈒䈖䈫䈏ୃᱜ㪉㪈䈪䈐䉎䈖䈫䉕䋩ડᬺ䈱䊘䊥䉲䊷䈫䈚䈩ឝ䈕䉎㸡 ␠ຬ䉕ᄢಾ䈮䈜䉎䇮␠ຬ䈏䈇䈐䈇䈐䈫௛䈒䈖䈫䈏䈪㪋ୃ 䈐䉎䈖䈫䉕ડᬺ䈱䊘䊥䉲䊷䈫䈚䈩ឝ䈕䉎㪉㪉 ୘ੱ䈱ᄙ᭽ᕈ䉕ฃ䈔౉䉏䉌䉏䉎㘑࿯䉕䈧䈒䉎䋿⥄ಽ䈱ᗧ⷗䉕ㅀ䈼䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䇮䈠䉏䈏䋨ㇱ⟑䉇ડୃᱜᬺౝ䈪䋩䈉䈔䈫䉄䉌䉏䉎㘑࿯䇮೙ᐲ䉕䈧䈒䉎䇯㸡 ⥄ಽ䈱ᗧ⷗䉕ㅀ䈼䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䇮䈠䉏䈏䋨ㇱ⟑䉇ડ 㪌ୃ ᬺౝ䈪䋩䈉䈔䈫䉄䉌䉏䉎䇼䈠䈱ઁ䇽㪉㪋 ઀੐䈏䈉䉁䈒䈇䈎䈭䈇ੱ䉇ஜᐽ⁁ᘒ䈱ᖡ䈇ੱ䈮䈧 㪌䈇䈩 ᔅⷐ䈭␠ຬ䈫䈚䈩ኈ⹺䈚 ㆡ᧚ㆡᚲ䉕ᬌ⸛䈜㪉㪌 ⚻༡ጀ䈏ᱜ䈚䈇ᖱႎ䉕ᓥᬺຬ䈮ឭଏ䈜䉎೥㒰㪉㪍 ⚻༡ጀ䈫ᓥᬺຬ䈱㑆䈮ା㗬㑐ଥ䉕᭴▽䈜䉎ୃᱜ㸡 ⚻༡ጀ䈫ᓥᬺຬ䈱㑆䈮ା㗬㑐ଥ䉕᭴▽䈜䉎䈢䉄㪌ୃ 䈮ᔅⷐ䈭ᖱႎ䉕౏ᐔ䈮ᱜ䈚䈒㐿␜䈜䉎㪉㪎 ഭ௛⠪䉕౏ᐔ䈮ᛒ䈉㪌㪉㪊㪉㪏 ᔅⷐ䈭ᖱႎ䉕౏ᐔ䈮㐿␜䈜䉎

ୃᱜ

䉮䊜䊮䊃
ో૕䋺䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䊥䉴䊃䈮㘑࿯૞䉍䉕౉䉏䉎䈼䈐䈪䈲䈭䈇㘑࿯䉕૞䉎䈢䉄䈮䈬䈉䈇䈉ⴕേ䉕䈫䉎䈎䉕䊥䉴䊃䈜䉎ᔅⷐ䈏䈅䉎㗄⋡㪈㪌䈮╬䈚䈇䇯

㪊
ୃᱜ

㘑࿯䈲೥㒰

㪊
ୃᱜ

䋨䋩䉕೥㒰

㪌
䋿

ᄙ᭽ᕈ䈫䈲䇯᛽⽎ᐲ䈏㜞䈒್ᢿ䈏㔍䈚䈇㗄⋡㪉㪇䇮㪉㪉䇮㪉㪋䈲䉶䊷䊐䊁䉞䊷䊈䉾䊃䈱䈖䈫䋿䈪䈅䉏䈳䇮㗄⋡㪉㪉䈫㗄⋡㪉㪋䉕⛔ว

ୃᱜ
㪊
㪊
೥㒰
ୃᱜ

䇸ᬌ⸛䈜䉎䇹䈫䈇䈉䈖䈫䈮㒢ቯ䈚䈢ታᣉน⢻ᕈ䇯ታᣉน⢻ᕈ䈲ડᬺ䈱ᄢ䈐䈘䈮䉋䉎ᱜ䈚䈇䇮䈫䈲䋿㗄⋡㪉㪍䉕㆐ᚑ䈜䉎䈢䉄䈱㗄⋡䈫ᝒ䈋䉌䉏䉎䈱䈪㗄⋡㪉㪍䈮⛔ว᛽⽎⊛䈪⹏ଔ䈏䈪䈐䈭䈇䈱䈪ୃᱜ

㪋
㪊

೥㒰

೥㒰

㪉㪐 ഭ௛⠪䈏ᗧ⷗䉕ㅀ䈼䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉎䇮⇣⼏䉕↳䈚 ೥㒰┙䈩䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉎㘑࿯䉕䈧䈒䉎࿖䊧䊔䊦⡯႐䈲⥄Ꮖታ⃻䈱႐䈪䈅䉎䇮䈫䈇䈉⹺⼂䉕ᜬ䈤䇮Ᏹ㪈 䈮䉴䉨䊦䉝䉾䊒䉕⋡ᜰ䈠䈉䈫䈜䉎⾗⾰䉕䉅䈦䈢ੱ㑆䈫䈭䉎䉋䈉䈭ડᬺੱ䉕ヘ಴䈜䉎䉋䈉䈭ᢎ⢒䉕ⴕ䈉䊜䊮䉺䊦䊓䊦䉴䈱ะ਄䈮ᖡᓇ㗀䉕ਈ䈋䉎䉋䈉䈭ⷙ㪉೙䈱⷗⋥䈚䉕ⴕ䈉䇯㪊 ୘ੱ䈏᭽䇱䈭ଔ୯ⷰ䉕ᜬ䈦䈢䉍䇮䉁䈢䈠䈱䉋䈉䈭୘ੱ䉕ฃ䈔౉䉏䉌䉏䉎ੱ᧚䉕⢒ᚑ䈜䉎㪋 ⥄ಽ䈱ᗧ⷗䉕⴫⃻䈪䈐䉎ੱ᧚䉕⢒ᚑ䈜䉎䈵䈫䈧䈱᭎ᔨ䈣䈔䈪⥄ಽ䉕⹏ଔ䈞䈝䇮᭽䇱䈭஥㕙㪌 䈪⥄ಽ䈱น⢻ᕈ䉕⠨䈋䈢䉍᜸ᚢ䈪䈐䉎⾗⾰䉕䉅䈦䈢ੱ᧚䉕⢒ᚑ䈜䉎㪍 ᄙ᭽ᕈ䉕ฃ䈔౉䉏䈧䈧䇮࿅૕ᵴേ䈮䈍䈇䈩䉅⥃ᯏ೥㒰౏ᐔ䈫౏ᱜ䈫ᐔ╬䇮ᣣᧄ⺆䈏㔍䈚䈇䊶䊶䊶↪⺆䈮䉋䈦䈩⸃㉼䈏⇣䈭䉎
㗄⋡㪉㪍䉕㆐ᚑ䈜䉎䈢䉄䈱㗄⋡䈫ᝒ䈋䉌䉏䉎䈱䈪㗄⋡㪉㪍䈮⛔ว㗄⋡㪉㪊䈮╬䈚䈇ᢥㇱ⑼ቇ⋭䈭䈬
ᢎ⢒䈲䈬䈖䈪ⴕ䈉䈎䇯㜞ᩞ䊶ᄢቇ䊶ኾ㐷ቇᩞⷙ೙䈫䈲૗䈎䇯ౕ૕⊛䈭䉟䊜䊷䉳䈏䈾䈚䈇ዊቇᩞ䌾ਛቇᩞ䈪䉇䉎䈼䈐䈖䈫ዊቇᩞ㜞ᩞୃቇᣏⴕ䊶ㇱᵴ7−  −ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲෘ↢ഭ௛⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌ഭ௛቟ో✚ว⎇ⓥ੐ᬺ‫ޟ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᶐㅘᚻᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ‫ޠ‬㧔*ഭ௛৻⥸㧕ਥછ㧦Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ㧕⎇ⓥදജႎ๔ᦠ
ᶏᄖߩേะ㧔㧝㧕 ࠺ࡦࡑ࡯ࠢߦ߅ߌࠆࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷㧦ࠕ࠶ࡊ࠺࡯࠻
⎇ⓥදജ⠪ ዊ↰ಾఝሶ ᧲੩ක⑼ᄢቇ౏ⴐⴡ↢ቇ⻠ᐳ࡮⻠Ꮷ⎇ⓥⷐᣦ㧦࠺ࡦࡑ࡯ࠢߦ߅ߌࠆࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ߩ⃻⁁ࠍᛠីߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߦ‫ࠢ࡯ࡑࡦ࠺ޔ‬ഭ௛
ⅣႺ⋙〈⟑߇ⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ੐ᬺߦ㑐ߔࠆႎ๔ᦠ╬ࠃࠅᖱႎࠍ෼㓸ߒᬌ⸛ߒߚ‫ޕ‬੐ᬺ႐ߦኻߔࠆᩏኤߦᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ഭ௛ⅣႺࠍ฽߼ࠆߎߣ߇᳿ቯߐࠇߡએ㒠‫ޔ‬ഭ௛ⅣႺ⋙〈⟑ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᩏኤቭߩ⍮⼂ߣᩏኤᛛⴚߩะ਄‫ޔ‬
ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ഭ௛ⅣႺߩ໧㗴ὐࠍㆡಾߦᛠីߔࠆߚ߼ߩࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ࠷࡯࡞ߩ㐿⊒╬ࠍⴕߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ഭ௛ⅣႺߦߟ޿ߡߩᩏኤߪ‫ޔ‬ડᬺ߆ࠄ᭎ߒߡࡐࠫ࠹ࠖࡉߦฃߌ౉ࠇࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᩏኤߩᤨ㑆߇㒢ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ᩏኤቭ߇⡯႐ߩో૕௝ࠍ⊛⏕ߦᛠីߒ߈ࠇߡ޿ߥ޿น⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆߣ޿߁ᜰ៰߽
޽ߞߚ‫ ߪ࡞࡯࠷ࠬࡦ࠳ࠗࠟޔߚ߹ޕ‬24 ᬺ⒳ߏߣߦಽ߆ࠇ‫ޔ‬㧝㧕઀੐ߩ㊂⊛⽶ᜂ࡮ㅦᐲ⽶ᜂ‫ޔ‬㧞㧕ᗵᖱ
⽶ᜂ‫ޔ‬㧟㧕᥸ജ߿ߘߩ⢿ᆭ‫ޔ‬㧠㧕࠻࡜࠙ࡑߣߥࠆࠃ߁ߥ಴᧪੐‫ޔ‬㧡㧕޿ߓ߼࡮ࡂ࡜ࠬࡔࡦ࠻‫ޔ‬㧢㧕ᄛൕ੤ᦧ೙ൕോࠍਥⷐߥෂ㒾࿃ሶߣߒߡᛒߞߡ޿ࠆ߇‫∛∔ޔ‬ભᬺߣߩ㑐ㅪ߇ᒝ޿ߎߣ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆⵙ㊂ᐲߦߟ޿ߡߪ৻ߟߩෂ㒾࿃ሶߣߒߡ⁛┙ߒߡ߅ࠄߕ‫ޔ‬໧㗴ߩᛠី߇චಽߦ಴᧪ߡ޿ߥ޿น⢻ᕈ߽ᜰ៰ߐ
ࠇ‫ߥ⊛⛯⛮ߩ࡞࡯࠷ࠬࡦ࠳ࠗࠟޔ‬ᡷༀߣᩏኤቭߩᩏኤᛛⴚߩᦝߥࠆะ਄߇᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬ᩏኤߦኻߔࠆੱ⊛⾗Ḯߩᛩ౉߇ߐࠄߦᦸ߹ࠇࠆ৻ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬ዊⷙᮨ੐ᬺ႐߇ᄙ޿࠺ࡦࡑ࡯ࠢߢߪ‫੹ޔ‬એ਄ߩኻᔕߪ
࿎㔍ߣ޿߁ᗧ⷗߽޽ࠆ‫⊛౏ޕ‬ᯏ㑐ߩᒝ೙ജࠍ઻ߞߚࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ߩዉ౉ࠍᣣᧄߢᬌ⸛ߔࠆ႐วߦ
߽ห᭽ߩ໧㗴߇㗼࿷ൻߔࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬ᬌ⸛ߩᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㧭㧚࠺ࡦࡑ࡯ࠢߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷߅ࠃ߮ߎࠈߢ޽ࠆ‫⹏ߩߎޕ‬ଔႎ๔ߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎߪ⃻ᧄႎ๔ߩ᭎⇛

ᤨὐߢ౉ᚻߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚߚ߼‫ᧄޔ‬ᐕᐲႎ๔ᦠ

ᧄ⎇ⓥ⃰ߩᤓᐕᐲႎ๔ᦠߦ߅޿ߡ‫ࡑࡦ࠺ޔ‬ߢߪ‫ޔ‬2010 ᐕ⑺ߦ⊒⴫ߐࠇߚ࠺ࡦࡑ࡯ࠢഭ௛

࡯ࠢߦ߅ߌࠆࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ߩ᭎⇛ߦߟ

ⅣႺ⋙〈⟑㧔DWEA㧕ߩᵴേߦኻߔࠆ⹏ଔႎ

޿ߡႎ๔ᦠߒߚ‫․ߩߘޕ‬ᓽߪ‫ޔ‬Ԙ᡽ᐭ߇┙ߜ๔ᦠ㧝㧕߅ࠃ߮ห⋙〈⟑ߩᵴേߦ㑐ߔࠆቇⴚ⹹

਄ߍߚ 2005 㨪2010 ᐕߩഭ௛ⅣႺߦ㑐ߔࠆឝタ⺰ᢥ 2㧕ࠍෳ⠨ߦᖱႎࠍ෼㓸ߒ‫ޔ‬ᩏኤߩᵴᣂᚢ⇛ߩਛߢ‫ޔ‬ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ߥഭ௛ⅣႺⷐ࿃ࠍേ⁁ᴫ߅ࠃ߮ߘߩ⹏ଔࠍਛᔃߦႎ๔ߔࠆߎߣ

ఝవ⺖㗴ߩ৻ߟߣ૏⟎ߠߌ‫ޔ‬ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ഭ௛ߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᖱႎߩḮߣߥߞߚႎ๔ᦠ 1㧕ߪ‫ࡦ࠺ޔ‬ⅣႺߩ໧㗴ߦࠃࠆ∔∛ભᬺࠍ 10㧑ᷫࠄߔߣࡑ࡯ࠢ࿖ౝߩᨱᄢᚻഭ௛⚵ว߇࠺ࡦࡑ࡯ࠢ

޿߁ᢙ୯⋡ᮡࠍ␜ߒߚߎߣ‫ޔ‬ԙԘߦឝߍߚ⋡Roskilde University ߩ Centre for Workingᮡࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ߩߡߴߔߩࠢ࡯ࡑࡦ࠺ޔ‬Environment & Working Life ߦଐ㗬ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ડᬺߦኻߒߡᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ഭ௛ⅣႺߩᩏኤࠍⴕ

ഭ௛ⅣႺ⋙〈⟑ߩᬺോ⹏ଔࠍⴕߞߚ߽ߩߢ޽

߁ߎߣ߇⟵ോઃߌࠄࠇ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᩏኤࠍ࿖ߩᯏ㑐ࠆ‫ޕ‬ႎ๔⠪ࠄߩ⸵นࠍᓧߡ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛ⅣႺ⋙〈⟑ߢ޽ࠆ࠺ࡦࡑ࡯ࠢഭ௛ⅣႺ⋙〈⟑߇ᜂߞߡᵴ

߇ⴕߞߡ޿ࠆᩏኤߩ߁ߜ․ߦᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ഭ௛േߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬2010 ᐕߪᚢ⇛ߩ⹏ଔⅣႺߦ㑐ߔࠆᩏኤߦኻߔࠆ⹏ଔߦ㑐ߔࠆㇱಽᐕߦ޽ߚࠅ‫ޔ‬ኻ╷ߩലᨐ߇ᦼᓙߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ

ࠍਛᔃߦᖱႎ෼㓸ߔࠆߎߣߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬

− 
 −

ߣ޿߁⾰໧ߦኻߒߡߪ̌ᄢᄌḩ⿷̍
̌޽ࠆ⒟ᐲ

㧮㧚ኻ⽎ߣᣇᴺ
࠺ࡦࡑ࡯ࠢߢߪ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛ⅣႺ㧔⡯႐ⅣႺ㧕ࠍḩ⿷̍߇ 49.7㧑‫߿߿̌ޔ‬ਇḩ̍߇ 5.2㧑‫߹̌ޔ‬▤ℂߔࠆߎߣߩ㊀ⷐᕈ߇⹺⼂ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥ

ߞߚߊਇḩ̍߇ 39.8㧑ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߎߩߎޕ‬ࠅ‫ޔ‬቟ోߢ௛߈߿ߔ޿⡯႐ⅣႺࠍ૞ࠈ߁ߣ޿

ߣߪ‫ߦࠬ࡞ࡋ࡞࠲ࡦࡔߩ␠⥄ޔ‬ኻߔࠆ⹏ଔߪ‫ޔ‬߁ Work Reform 2004 ߣ⒓ߔࠆࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻

૗ࠍ⹏ଔߦ฽߼ࠆ߆ߦࠃߞߡᄢ߈ߊ⇣ߥࠆߎߩ߽ߣ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛ⅣႺ㧔⡯႐㧕ߩᩏኤ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ

ߣࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔࠅ߹ߟޕ‬ᩏኤᓟߦᡷༀߔߴ

߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬2007 ᐕ߆ࠄߪ․ߦᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ഭ௛߈໧㗴ὐߩሽ࿷ߦ᳇ߠ߈‫ߦࠬ࡞ࡋ࡞࠲ࡦࡔޔ‬ⅣႺߦ㊀ὐࠍ߅޿ߚᩏኤ߇࠺ࡦࡑ࡯ࠢഭ௛Ⅳኻߔࠆ⥄Ꮖ⹏ଔ߇ૐߊߥࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠅ߁ࠆ‫ޔ‬Ⴚ⋙〈⟑㧔DWEA㧕ߩࠕࠫࠚࡦ࠳ߣߒߡⴕࠊ

ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡߎߩߎߣ߆ࠄߛߌ

ࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ߩߘߦ․ޔ‬ὐߦ⌕⋡ߒߡႎߢ߽‫ޔ‬ᄖㇱߩੱ㑆㧔DWEA㧕߇੐ᬺ႐ࠍ⸰ࠇ‫ޔ‬๔ᦠ߇૞ᚑߐࠇࠆߎߣߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ႎ๔ᦠ૞ᚑ

ഭ௛ⅣႺߦ㑐ߒߡᩏኤࠍߔࠆᗧ⟵ߪ޽ࠆߣ޿

ߦ޽ߚࠅ‫ޔ‬ᄖㇱᯏ㑐߿ DWEA ߩᩏኤቭ߆ࠄ

߃ࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ᖱႎࠍ෼㓸ߒߚ߶߆‫ޔ‬ႎ๔ᦠ૞ᚑ⠪߇ᩏኤߦҋᬺ⒳೎ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ࠷࡯࡞Ҍหⴕߒⷰኤߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ⾰⊛ᖱႎ߽౉ᚻ

ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ഭ௛ⅣႺࠍᩏኤߔࠆߎߣߪᩏኤ

ߒߡႎ๔ᦠ߇૞ᚑߐࠇߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㤛⦡޽ࠆ޿ߪ

ቭߦߣߞߡᄢ߈ߥ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆߎߣߪ㑆㆑޿ߥ⿒ߩࠬࡑࠗ࡝࡯ࠍฃߌขߞߚ 6 ੐ᬺᚲߩ⚂޿‫ޕ‬DWEA ߩኾ㐷ㇱ㐷߇㑐ਈߒߡ૞ᚑߒߚࠟ

200 ฬࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ⺞ᩏߩ⚿ᨐ߽↪޿ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ࠷࡯࡞ߪ‫ޔ‬ᩏኤߦᄙ޿ߦᓎ┙ߞߡ޿ߐࠄߦ‫ޔ‬੐ᬺ႐ߩ▤ℂ⋙〈⠪߿቟ోⴡ↢ࠦࡦࠆ‫ޕ‬2006 ᐕએ೨ߩᩏኤߢߪ‫ࠬ࡞ࡋ࡞࠲ࡦࡔޔ‬ࠨ࡞࠲ࡦ࠻ߣߩࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇߚ⾰ߪ൮᜝⊛ߥᩏኤߩ৻ㇱߣߒߡ߅ߎߥࠊࠇߡ߅

⊛࠺࡯࠲߽฽߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠅ‫ߩࠬ࡞ࡋ࡞࠲ࡦࡔޔ‬໧㗴ࠍ↢ߓࠆ᭽‫࡝ߥޘ‬㧯㧚⚿ᨐࠬࠢ߹ߢ⚦ಽൻߒߡᛠីߒߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߘޕ‬

㧝㧚ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ഭ௛ⅣႺߩᩏኤߩታ㓙ࠇ߇ 24 ߩᬺ⒳೎ߩ࠷࡯࡞߇૞ᚑߐࠇ‫ޔ‬㧝㧕㊂ ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ߥഭ௛ⅣႺߩᄙߊߪ⋡ߦߺ߃ࠆ⊛⽶ᜂ࡮ㅦᐲ⽶ᜂ‫ޔ‬㧞㧕ᗵᖱ⽶ᜂ‫ޔ‬㧟㧕᥸ജ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿ߚ߼‫ޔ‬ᩏኤቭ߇੐ᬺ႐ࠍ⸰໧ߒ

߿ߘߩ⢿ᆭ㧔ᵈ㧦᥸ജߣߪᔅߕߒ߽り૕⊛ߥߡ⍴޿ᤨ㑆㧔ࠬࠢ࡝࡯࠾ࡦࠣᩏኤߪㅢᏱ⚂ 2߽ߩ߫߆ࠅߢߥߊ‫␠ޔ‬ౝߢߪߥߊ␠ᄖ߆ࠄ߁

ᤨ㑆㧕ߢ⊛⏕ߦᛠីߢ߈ߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ߤ߁߆‫ޔ‬ߌࠆ᭽‫ࠍ╬ࡓ࡯࡟ࠢߥޘ‬฽߼ߚ߽ߩߣߒߡᛒ

߇໧㗴ߣߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫߫߃଀ޕ‬㘈ቴ‫ޔ‬ขᒁળ␠╬߆ࠄߩҋ੐ᬺ႐ߦࠃࠆ⥄␠ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߩ⥄Ꮖ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧕‫ޔ‬㧠㧕࠻࡜࠙ࡑߣߥࠆࠃ߁ߥ಴

⹏ଔҌ ޽ࠆ⺞ᩏႎ๔ߦࠃࠆߣ‫ޔ‬㛳ߊߴ߈ߎ᧪੐‫ޔ‬㧡㧕޿ߓ߼࡮ࡂ࡜ࠬࡔࡦ࠻‫ޔ‬㧢㧕ᄛൕߣߦ‫ޔ‬ડᬺߪ⥄␠ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߩ⁁ᴫߦ੤ᦧ೙ൕോ߇ෂ㒾࿃ሶߣߒߡ᜼ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ḩ⿷ߒߡ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ታߦ࿁╵ડᬺߩ 96.3㧑߇⥄␠ᬺ⒳೎ߩࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬࠪ࡯࠻ߢߪ‫ ࠄࠇߎޔ‬6 ߟߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߩ⁁ᴫࠍ̌㕖Ᏹߦ⦟ᅢ̍޽

ߩෂ㒾࿃ሶ߇ᬺ⒳ߦㆡߒߚᒻߢ౉ࠇㄟ߹ࠇߡ

ࠆ޿ߪ̌⦟ᅢ̍ߣ࿁╵ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁‫ߩߎޕ‬߅ࠅ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬ᬺ⒳ߦ․ൻߒߚઁߩ⾰໧㗄⋡߽฽௑ะߪᄢડᬺࠃࠅ߽ዊⷙᮨડᬺߢ‫ߩߎߚ߹ޔ‬߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬௑ะߪᓥᬺຬࠃࠅ߽▤ℂ⋙〈⠪ߢࠊߕ߆ߢ޽ ᩏኤቭߪ‫޿ߟߦ↪૶ߩ࡞࡯࠷ࠬࡦ࠳ࠗࠟޔ‬ࠆ߇ࠃࠅᒝ޿‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޟޔ‬DWEA ߩᩏኤ⸰໧ߩ

ߡࡐࠫ࠹ࠖࡉߢ‫ߪ࡞࡯࠷ࠬࡦ࠳ࠗࠟޔ‬ᛒ޿߿ᓟߩ㑐ㅪᵴേߦኻߒߡߤߩ⒟ᐲḩ⿷ߒࠆ߆‫ޠ‬ߔߊ‫⾰ޔ‬໧㗄⋡߇ౕ૕⊛ߢ‫ޔ‬ᩏኤ⸰໧ߒߡ޿

− 
 −

ࠆᬺ⒳ߩᬺോౝኈߦว⥌ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ߣࠇߘޔ‬ห⍴ᦼ㑆ߢߩᡷༀߩߚ߼ߩࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߣ‫ࠇߘޔ‬ᤨߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ᦭↪ߥ⍮⼂߽ᓧࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ

ࠃࠅߪ㐳޿ᦼ㑆ߢߩᡷༀࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚࡊࡠ࠮

ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩ↪૶ߩ࡞࡯࠷ࠬࡦ࠳ࠗࠟޕ‬ᣇᴺࠬࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߩਔᣇࠍឭଏߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬නߦᩏኤᤨߩ੐ᬺ႐ᜂᒰ⠪ߣߩ߿

▤ℂ⋙〈⠪߇ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦࡊ࡜ࡦ߿ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ

ࠅขࠅߦᵴ↪ߔࠆ߫߆ࠅߢߥߊ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿ಽ㊁ታⴕߩߚ߼ߩ࠲ࠗࡓ࠹࡯ࡉ࡞ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߚ߼

ߩᩏኤࠍᆎ߼ࠆ೨ߩḰ஻ߦ‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߩᩏኤ೨ߦ‫ޔ‬

ߩ 3 ᤨ㑆ߩࡒ࡯࠹ࠖࡦࠣߩᯏળ߽ឭଏߐࠇߡ

੐ᬺ႐ߢഭ௛⠪ߣߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍ

޿ࠆ‫ߓ޿߿࠻ࡦࡔࠬ࡜ࡂ࡞ࡖࠪࠢ࠮ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ߔࠆ㓙ߦ‫ޔ‬ᩏኤᓟߩ⹏ଔߦ‫ߡߒߘޔ‬ᩏኤቭ߇߼ߥߤੱ㑆㑐ଥߦ໧㗴‫⇼߇ߣߎࠆ޽߇⓭ⴣޔ‬ᡷༀ๮઎ႎ๔ᦠࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆ㓙ߦ߽ᵴ↪ߐࠇߡࠊࠇ⸃᳿߇㔍ߒߘ߁ߥ႐วߦߪ‫⾗ޔ‬ᩰࠍ߽ߞ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߚኾ㐷ኅߩ⋧⺣ࠍⷐߔࠆ‫߁޿ߣޔ‬๮઎߇ߢࠆ

৻ᣇ‫ޔ‬੐ᬺ႐ࠍኻ⽎ߦⴕߞߚࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯

ߎߣ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬߆ࠄߪ‫ޔ‬੐ᬺ႐஥ߪᩏኤຬ߇ 6 ߟߩෂ㒾࿃ሶᩏኤߩ⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬໧㗴ὐ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇࠆઙᢙߪ᥸

ߦߟ޿ߡ⾰໧ߒߚߎߣࠍߪߞ߈ࠅߣ⹺⼂ߒߡജ߿࠻࡜࠙ࡑߣߥࠆࠃ߁ߥ಴᧪੐߇ᄙ޿‫߹ޕ‬߅ࠄߕ‫ޔ‬૗ࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⾰໧ߐࠇߚߩ߆߹ߢ

ߚᗵᖱ⽶ᜂߥߤߪ 2006 ᐕએ㒠ߦᜰ៰ߐࠇࠆ

ߪ⸥ᙘߒߡ޿ߥ޿ߒ‫ޔ‬዆ߨࠄࠇߚ੐ᨩߩ㗔ၞࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚෂ㒾࿃ሶߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ߪࠇߎޔ‬ᩏኤߪ߷ࠎ߿ࠅߣⷡ߃ߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߩ‫ޔ‬ㅒߦᩏኤቭ

ᤨߦᔃℂ␠ળ⊛⡯႐ⅣႺߦߟ޿ߡࠃࠅ⚦ᓸߦ߆ࠄ߽ߞߣㆡಾߥࠕࠗ࠺ࠖࠕ╬ࠍ߽ࠄ޿ߚ߆

ࠊߚࠅᖱႎ෼㓸ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬໧ߞߚߣ޿߁ᗧ⷗߽⡞߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬㗴ὐ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ߈ߚߎߣ

⊒⸒߆ࠄផኤߐࠇࠆߎߣߪ‫ߣࠆߔ߆ߒ߽ޔ‬ᩏࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ኤᤨߦᛠីߐࠇࠆߴ߈㊀ⷐߥ໧㗴ὐ߇ᜰ៰ߐ

ҋࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߩ᭽‫ߥޘ‬஥㕙ߩ㊀ⷐᕈҌࠇߡ޿ߥ޿น⢻ᕈ߽޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ഭ௛ⅣႺߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆ߁

‫ޟ‬ᩏኤቭ߇ഭ௛⠪ߩᤨ㑆᜔᧤߇㐳޿ߎߣࠍᜰ

߃ߢ㊀ⷐߥ⾗ᢱ߇‫ޔ‬ഭ௛ἴኂᆔຬળ߆ࠄ⊒⴫៰ߒߚߩߢߘߩὐߦ㓸ਛ⊛ߦ࿁╵ߒߥߌࠇ߫

ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ഭ௛ⅣႺ㑐ㅪߩ∔∛ઙߥࠄߥ߆ߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᓐࠄ߇ߔߴߡࠍᱜߒߊᛠី

ᢙႎ๔ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ઙᢙߣߒߡߪᄙߊߪߥ޿߇Ⴧ

ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁⏕ାߪߥ޿‫ߩߘޕ‬໧㗴ߪ⚵❱ടߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߪ᣿ࠄ߆ߢ޽ࠆ㧔࿑㧕‫ޕ‬⡯႐ߩో૕ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆߎߣߛ‫ޕ‬‫࡝ࠗࡑࠬߩ⿒߁޿ߣޠ‬ੱ㑆㑐ଥߣ㊂⊛⽶ᜂ߇ႎ๔ߩਥߥ੐↱ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬࡯ࠍઃਈߐࠇߚ੐ᬺ႐ߩᜂᒰ⠪ߩ⊒⸒߆ࠄ߽‫ޔ‬࠻࡜࠙ࡑߣߥࠆࠃ߁ߥ⚻㛎ߪ 3 ⇟⋡ߢ޽ߞߚᩏኤߦᔅߕߒ߽චಽߢߪߥ޿ὐ߇޽ࠆߎߣࠍ

ߣ޿߁ὐ߇⥝๧ᷓ޿‫ޕ‬੐↱ߦࠃߞߡߪߘߩჇ

၂㑆⷗ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᩏኤട₸ߦ߽㆑޿߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬DWEA ߇ᩏኤߦࠃߞߡ

ߦ߆ߌࠆᤨ㑆‫⾗⊛ੱޔ‬Ḯ߇᦭㒢ߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁

໧㗴߇޽ߞߚߣᜰ៰ߒߚෂ㒾࿃ሶߩᦨ߽ᄙ߆

ὐࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠇ߫‫࡞࡯࠷ޔ‬㘃ߩ૶޿߿ߔߐߣߘ

ߞߚߩ߇᥸ജߢ޽ߞߚ੐ߣߪ⇣ߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߩ᦭↪ᕈߪ․╩ߦଔߔࠆ‫ޕ‬∔∛ઙᢙߩႎ๔ߢߪ㊂⊛⽶ᜂ߇⡯႐ߩੱ㑆㑐ҋࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߦ㑐ߔࠆ໧㗴ߩⵙቯㅢ⍮Ҍଥࠍ਄࿁ࠅ‫⽶ࠬ࡟࠻ࠬޔ‬ᜂ߇ᄢ߈ߊჇടߒߡ ᩏኤߩ⚿ᨐ‫ߦࠬ࡞ࡋ࡞࠲ࡦࡔޔ‬㑐ߔࠆ㧔ᡷ޿ࠆ௑ะ߇⷗ߡขࠇࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬2005 ᐕᓟඨߦༀߩᔅⷐᕈߩ㧕ⵙቯߪ‫ޔ‬ෂ㒾࿃ሶߩ㗔ၞ೎ߦታᣉߐࠇߚో࿖ࠦࡎ࡯࠻ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚᄢⷙᮨ

ߥߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᩏኤߦࠃߞߡ໧㗴ὐ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߚ

⺞ᩏ㧔NAK㧕ߩᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ഭ௛ⅣႺߣ∔∛ભ႐ว‫ޔ‬DWEA ߪහೞᡷༀ߇ᔅⷐߥ႐วߦⴕ߁

ᬺߩ㑐ଥࠍ⹏ଔߒߚ⚿ᨐߣ‫ޔ‬2㨪3 ㅳ㑆એ਄ߩ

− 
 −

㪈㪋㪇㪇
㪈㪉㪇㪇
㪈㪇㪇㪇
ႎ
㪏㪇㪇
๔
ઙ
㪍㪇㪇
ᢙ
㪋㪇㪇
㪉㪇㪇
㪇
㪉㪇㪇㪈
㊂⊛⽶ᜂ

⡯႐䈱ੱ㑆㑐ଥ

㪉㪇㪇㪉

㪉㪇㪇㪊

䊃䊤䉡䊙䈮䈭䉎䉋䈉䈭⚻㛎

㪉㪇㪇㪋

㪉㪇㪇㪌

㪉㪇㪇㪍

㪉㪇㪇㪎

䉴䊃䊧䉴⽶ᜂ

ᬺോ䈱⚵❱ൻ

䊒䊧䉾䉲䊞䊷

⾰⊛⽶ᜂᡰេ߿ࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢ߇ή޿ߎߣ‫ޔ‬Ԝᗵᖱ

ભᬺ߇⸥㍳ߐࠇࠆਛᄩ▤ℂࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ
Database ࠍ೑↪ߒߚ∔∛ભᬺ⽶ᜂ‫࠻ࠬ࡝߇╬ޔ‬ൻߐࠇߚ‫᥸ޕ‬ജ߿ߘߩ⢿ߣߩ㑐ㅪࠍᬌ⸛ߒߚ⚿ᨐߢߪ‫ޔ‬వߩႎ๔ߣ

ᆭߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫∛∔ޔ‬ભᬺߣߩ㑐ㅪߪ᣿ࠄ߆

ߪ㆑߁᭽⋧ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߜࠊߥߔޕ‬ᔃℂ␠ߦߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿߇‫ߡߞ޿ߣޔ‬໧㗴ⷞߔࠆߦળ⊛ഭ௛ⅣႺ࡝ࠬࠢߩฦ࿃ሶߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ਇ޽ߚࠄߥ޿ߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߢߪߥ޿‫∛∔ޕ‬ભᬺ⦟ߩਅ૏ 1/3 ߇਄૏ 1/3 ߦߥࠆ߹ߢᡷༀߐ

߇ᔅߕߒ߽ㆡಾ‫ߥ↪᦭ޔ‬ᜰᮡߢߥ޿น⢻ᕈࠇࠇ߫∔∛ભᬺ߇ߤߩ⒟ᐲᷫዋߔࠆ߆ࠍ␜

߽޽ࠆ‫᥸߫߃ߣߚޕ‬ജ߿ߘߩ⢿ᆭߪ⡯႐ߩߒߚ⚿ᨐߢߪ‫ޔ‬
̌Influence̍㧔৻⥸⊛ߦߪⵙ

ห௥ߣ৻✜ߦߥߞߡ⸃᳿ߐࠇࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽㊂ᐲߣ߶߷หᗧ㧕ߩᓇ㗀ജ߇ᒝߊ‫ޔ‬NAK ߢࠆ߇‫ࠍ߼ߓ޿ޔ‬ේ࿃ߣߔࠆ૕⺞ਇ⦟ߥߤߢ

ߩ⥄Ꮖႎ๔ߦࠃࠆ∔∛ભᬺߢ 14㧑‫ޔ‬ߪ⡯႐߇ේ࿃ߢ޽ࠆ߇ࠁ߃ߦભᬺ߇ᔅⷐߣ

DREAM

DREAM

ߥߞߡߊࠆߚ߼‫∛∔ޔ‬ભᬺߣ޿߁ᒻࠍߣߞ

Database ߢߩ∔∛ભᬺߢ 20㧑ᷫዋߔࠆߣ੍᷹ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ห᭽ߦߡ޿ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬DWEA ߩ̌Predictability̍㧔੍᷹ᕈ㧕ߢߘࠇߙࠇ 21‫ޔ‬ᩏኤߪ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷‫᥸ޔ‬ജߣߘߩ⢿ᆭ‫ޔ‬㊂⊛⽶ᜂ‫ޔ‬

13㧑‫̌ޔ‬ᗵᖱ⽶ᜂ̍ߢ 12‫ޔ‬10㧑ߣផቯߐࠇ

ห௥߿਄ม߆ࠄߩᡰេ╬ࠍਛᔃߦⴕࠊࠇߡ

ߚ‫⚿ߩߎޕ‬ᨐ߽วࠊߖߡ⸃㉼ߒ‫ޔ‬DWEA ߇޿ࠆߩߢ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߪ∔∛ભᬺߦᄢ߈ߊ㑐ㅪߔᩏኤᤨߦ໧㗴ⷞߔߴ߈࠲࡯ࠥ࠶࠻ࠍ࡝ࠬ࠻

ࠆߣផኤߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ̌Influence̍㧔ⵙ㊂ᐲ㧕ൻߒߡ߅ߊᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬2003 ᐕ߆ࠄ 2006ߪ‫ޔ‬ᩏኤߩߚ߼ߩ࠷࡯࡞ߩਛߢ⁛┙ߒߚෂᐕߩ໧㗴ߩႎ๔ઙᢙߣ㊀ᄢᕈ㧔හᤨᡷༀ๮

㒾࿃ሶߣߒߡᛒࠊࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ⵙޕ‬㊂ᐲߦߟ઎߆ㅢᏱߩᡷༀ๮઎߆ߢ㊀ߺઃߌࠍᄌ߃ࠆ

޿ߡߪ‫ߩઁޔ‬ෂ㒾࿃ሶߩ⢛᥊ߣߒߡሽ࿷ߒ

ߥߤߒߡ㧕ࠍដߌวࠊߖߡ࡝ࠬ࠻ൻߒߚ႐

ߡ޿ߚࠅ‫੍ޔ‬㒐⊛ᣇ╷ࠍߣࠆਛߢ㊀ⷐߥ߽ว‫ޔ‬Ԙ᥸ജ‫ߥ߁ࠃࠆߥߣࡑ࠙࡜࠻ޔ‬಴᧪੐‫ޔ‬ߩߣ⹺⼂ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆⷐ࿃ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߩԙ㊂⊛⽶ᜂ࡮ᤨ㑆⊛ࡊ࡟࠶ࠪࡖ࡯‫ޔ‬Ԛߘߩᩏኤߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬໧㗴ὐࠍ᛽಴ߔࠆ㓙ߦ⷗ㅏઁߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬ‫ޔ‬ԛห௥‫ޔ‬਄ม߆ࠄߩ

ߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇ή޿ࠃ߁ߦߔࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬−  −

ҋDWEA ߇ⴕߞߡ޿ࠆࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠬ‫࠳ࠗࠟޔ‬ҋࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦࡊ࡜ࡦࠍᦠ㕙ߢ૞ᚑߔࠆߎߣ

ࡦࠬߦߟ޿ߡҌߩᚑᨐҌ੐ᬺ႐ߩ஥ߪ‫ߩઁޔ‬ห᭽ߩᬺോࠍⴕߞߡ

ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦࡊ࡜ࡦߣ࠲ࠗࡓ࠹࡯ࡉ࡞ࠍ૞

޿ࠆ੐ᬺ႐ߩ੐଀ࠍෳ⠨ߦᩏኤቭ߇⸃᳿╷ᚑߒߡᛚ⹺ࠍᓧࠆߎߣ⥄૕ߪᲧセ⊛ኈᤃߣࠍવ᝼ߒߡߊࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇

߽޿߃ࠆ߇‫ߦ⌀ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺߩᡷༀߦലᨐࠍ

ᄙ޿ߩߛ߇‫ޔ‬ᩏኤቭߪ⍴ᦼߩᢇᷣ⊛ߥ⸃᳿߽ߚࠄߔࠃ߁ߥࡊ࡜ࡦࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦߒߚࠄ

╷ࠍࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠬߔࠆߎߣߪ޽ߞߡ߽‫ޔ‬㐳ᦼ૞ᚑߢ߈ࠆߩ߆‫ߪޔ‬ᄢ߈ߥ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ડ⊛ߥ໧㗴⸃᳿ߩᣇᴺߦߟ޿ߡߪࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠬ

ᬺߦ߅޿ߡᢥᦠߢࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦࡊ࡜ࡦࠍ૞ᚑ

ߖߕ‫ޔ‬ᜰ៰ߐࠇߚ୘‫ߩޘ‬໧㗴ὐߦߟ޿ߡ⥄ߔࠆߎߣߪ‫ߡ߃⷗ߦ⋡ޔ‬㗼⪺ߥᓎഀࠍ᦭ߒ

ಽߚߜߢᩮᧄ⊛⸃᳿ࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦⴕ߁߆‫ޔ‬ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ഭ௛ⅣႺߦ㈩ᘦߒߚ␠

ࠍឭ␜ߐߖࠆࠃ߁ߦߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬໧㗴ὐ߇ᜰౝࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ߿ࡊ࡜ࡦߩ૞ᚑ‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬៰ߐࠇߚᓟߦⴕࠊࠇࠆࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ

ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ഭ௛ⅣႺߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍ␠ߩࡐ࡝ࠪ

ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬2008 ᐕߪࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߦߟ

࡯ߣߒߡឝߍࠆߥߤ‫੍ޔ‬㒐⊛ᣇ╷ࠍࠪࠬ࠹޿ߡᡷༀ๮઎ࠍ߁ߌߚ 933 ੐ᬺ႐ߩ߁ߜ⚂ࡑ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢߦⴕ߁ߎߣ߇‫࡜ࡊࡦ࡚ࠪࠢࠕޔ‬ਃಽߩ৻߇ߎࠇࠍฃߌߚ߇‫ࠬ࠮ࡠࡊߩߎޔ‬ࡦߣ࠲ࠗࡓ࠹࡯ࡉ࡞ࠍ૞ᚑ‫↳ޔ‬๔‫ޔ‬ᛚ⹺ࠍࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߣߪ‫߿ࡦ࡜ࡊࡦ࡚ࠪࠢࠕޔ‬ታⴕ

ᓧࠆㆊ⒟ߢᚑᨐߣߒߡ⃻ࠇࠆ‫ߊߏޕ‬ዋᢙߛ

ߦ⒖ߔߚ߼ߩ࠲ࠗࡓ࠹࡯ࡉ࡞ࠍዷ㐿ߐߖࠆ߇‫ࠎߐߕߣࡦ࡜ࡊࡦ࡚ࠪࠢࠕ޿⭯߽ߡߣޔ‬ߩߦߤߩࠃ߁ߥᣇᴺ߿ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍߣࠆߎߣ

ߥ࠲ࠗࡓ࠹࡯ࡉ࡞ࠍ↳๔ߒߡߐࠄߥࠆୃᱜ

߇น⢻߆ᬌ⸛ߒߡ߽ࠄ޿‫ߚ߹ޔ‬੐ᬺ႐߇ߘ

ߩᜰ␜ࠍฃߌࠆડᬺ߽޽ࠆ߇‫ߩߤࠎߣ߶ޔ‬ࠇߦ⌕ᚻߔࠆߚ߼ߩᡰេࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇⋡⊛ડᬺߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᡷༀ๮઎ࠍᷓೞߦฃߌᱛ߼‫ޔ‬ኻߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߪߡ޿߅ߦࠬࡦ࠳ࠗࠟߩߎߚ߹ޕ‬ᔕߒߡ޿ࠆ‫߇ࡦ࡜ࡊࡦ࡚ࠪࠢࠕࠎࠈߜ߽ޕ‬PRIMA-EF ߢឝߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߥᡷༀ

ᚑᨐߣߒߡᢥሼߩᒻߢ૞ᚑߐࠇߡ಴᧪਄߇

ߩߚ߼ߩ੺౉ߩᚑഞ᧦ઙ‫ޔߜࠊߥߔޔ‬ᡷༀࠆ߫߆ࠅߢߥߊ‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߦࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦࡊ࡜ࡦ

ᣇ╷ߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߦഭ௛⠪߿▤ℂ⋙〈⠪ࠍߤߦ⌕ᚻߔࠆߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߩࠃ߁ߦߒߡᏎ߈ㄟ߻߆‫߇⺕ޔ‬૗ࠍⴕ߁ߩ

ҋ੹ᓟߩୃᱜ⺖㗴Ҍ߆‫ߩߘޔ‬ౝኈߣ⽿છߩᚲ࿷ࠍ᣿⏕ߦߒߚࠅ‫ޔ‬

ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ഭ௛ⅣႺߪ⋡ߦ⷗߃ߥ޿߽ߩ

࠲ࠗࡓࡈ࡟࡯ࡓࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦ᭴ᚑߔࠆ߆╬߇ᄙ޿㗔ၞߢ޽ࠅ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬ᄙߊߩ஥㕙㧔ኻಣߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬੐ᬺ႐ߩᜂᒰ⠪߇ DWEA ߩࠬ࠲ᣇ╷‫⹺ޔ‬⍮‫߽ߤߥࠖ࠹࡝࠽࠰࡯ࡄޔ‬฽߼㧕࠶ࡈߣ⼏⺰ࠍ㊀ߨࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡୃᓧߔࠆ

߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߦᡷༀࠍⴕ߁ߦߪ㔍ߒ޿㗔ၞߎߣ߇น⢻ߣߥࠆߣ޿߁ 2㧕‫ޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᩏኤᤨߦ‫᥸ޔ‬ജ߿ߘߩ⢿ᆭ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߎߩࠃ߁ߥࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠟࠗ࠳ࡦ߽ࠬ‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߩߩ㊂⊛⽶ᜂ╬ߪ‫ޔ‬໧㗴ὐߣߒߡᜰ៰ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬੐ᬺ႐ߦ߅޿ߡᡷༀߦ⌕ᚻߔࠆࠬ࠹࠶ࡊࠍ

߹ߚᡷༀߐࠇ߿ߔ޿‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬Ყセ⊛⋡ߦ⷗ᡰេߒߡ޿ࠆࠊߌߢߪߥ޿ߩߢ‫ޔ‬ᡷༀ╷߇߃߿ߔ޿߽ߩߛ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬వߦㅀߴߚ

⛗ߦឬ޿ߚ㘿ߣߥࠄߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬૗ࠄ߆ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫∛∔ޔ‬ભᬺ㧔ᔅߕߒ߽∔∛ߣห╬ߢㅊട⊛ᡰេࠍᬌ⸛ߒߡ޿ߊߎߣ߽႐วߦࠃ

ߪߥ޿߇㧕ߦ㑐ㅪ߇ᒝ޿̌Influence̍㧔ⵙߞߡߪᔅⷐߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㊂㧕ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬⡯႐ߩੱ㑆㑐ଥ߿ࡊ࡟−  −

࠶ࠪࡖ࡯ߦߟ޿ߡ߽‫ޔ‬੐ᬺ႐ߦẜ߻ෂ㒾࿃ࠃ߁ߦ⵬ቢߒว߁߆‫ޔ‬ᬌ⸛߇ᔅⷐߣ޿߁ᜰ

ሶߣߒߡᵈᗧࠍᛄߞߡ޿ߊᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬៰߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞㧚DWEA ߩᩏኤᵴേߦ㑐ߔࠆ੹ᓟߩ⺖㗴

㧰㧚⠨ኤ

ߣዷᦸ

 ෳ⠨⾗ᢱߣߒߚႎ๔ᦠ 1㧕ߢߪ‫ޔ‬DWEA ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߦ㑐ߔࠆ໧㗴ߪડᬺߢ߽

ᩏኤᬺോߦኻߒߡ᭎ߒߡ㕖Ᏹߦࡐࠫ࠹ࠖࡉ

ᵈ⋡ࠍ㓸߼ߟߟ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ታ㓙‫ޔ‬໧㗴߽Ⴧടߒߥ⹏ଔࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᔃℂ␠ߡ޿ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇ‫ޔ‬DWEA ߦߪ৻ጀߩᵴべߣળ⊛ഭ௛ⅣႺߩᩏኤߦ㑐ߔࠆ⹏ଔߦߟ޿ߡ

ദജ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬DWEA ߪ㑐ㅪಽ㊁ߪ‫ࠅࠃߦࠄߐޔ‬ᄙߊߩᤨ㑆ߣੱ᧚߇ᛩ౉ߐ

ߢᦨᄢߩᓇ㗀ജࠍᜬߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬නߦ⋙〈ߔࠇࠆߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ߒ޿ߣ޿߁⸥ㅀ߽ᢔ⷗ߐࠇ

ࠆ┙႐߆ࠄ▤ℂߔࠆ┙႐߳ߣߘߩᓎഀ߇⒖ߚ‫ޕ‬ታ㓙‫ޔ‬2007 ᐕ߆ࠄ 2008 ᐕߦ߆ߌߡߪ‫ޔ‬ࠅߟߟ޽ࠆ‫ߩࠬ࡞ࡋ࡞࠲ࡦࡔޕ‬໧㗴ࠍ⌀೶ᩏኤቭߪ⚂ 400 ੱ߆ࠄ 500 ੱ߳Ⴧຬߐࠇߡ

ߦᝒ߃ߡ޿ࠆડᬺߦߣߞߡߪ‫ޔ‬DWEA ߇᦭޿ࠆ 2㧕‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬DWEA ߩฦ࿾඙ߢᩏኤຬߩ

ലߥሽ࿷ߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ᢎ⢒⎇ୃ‫ޔ‬ᩏኤߩ࠻࡟࡯࠾ࡦࠣ‫ޔ‬ᣂੱᩏኤ

ഭ௛ⅣႺߦኻߔࠆ▤ℂߦᨐߚߒߡචಽὶὐ

ຬߦ⚻㛎⠪߇หⴕߔࠆߥߤߩᡰេ‫ޔ‬㧔ᩏኤ߿߇ᒰߡࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ߆‫⇼߁޿ߣޔ‬໧߽ឭ⼏ߐᡷༀ๮઎ߩ࠹ࡦࡊ࡟࡯࠻╬ߩ㧕⦟ᅢ੐଀ߩ

ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㨃㧱㧮౏㐿ߥߤ߇ታᣉߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬DWEA ߩᬺോߪ੐ᬺ႐஥߆ࠄᭂ߼ߡࡐ

ߥ߇ࠄ‫ߪߦࠢ࡯ࡑࡦ࠺ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬ 10 ੱᧂḩߩࠫ࠹ࠖࡉߦ⹏ଔߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ ߚ߹ޕ‬DWEA ߪ‫ޔ‬੐ᬺ႐߇㕖Ᏹߦᄙߊ㧔ᓥᬺຬࠍ᦭ߔࠆ੐ᬺ

ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ഭ௛ⅣႺߦߟ޿ߡᩏኤߔࠆߣ޿

႐߇ 20 ਁ‫ޔ‬ౝ 15 ਁ߇ᓥᬺຬ 10 ੱᧂḩ㧕‫ޔ‬߁㊀ᄢߥ⺖㗴ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ᦨޔ‬ᄢ㒢ߩኻᔕࠍⴕ

ߔߴߡߩ੐ᬺ႐ߦኻߒߡචಽߥᤨ㑆ࠍഀߊߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆ‫߁ࠃߩߎޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ߎߣߪᄢᄌ㔍ߒ޿‫ᤨޔ⊛ੱޔߚ߹ޕ‬㑆⊛⾗ߥ DWEA ߩᵴべ‫ޔ‬ദജࠍᡰេߒߡ߈ߚ৻ᤨ

Ḯࠍᛩ౉ߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻߆ุ߆ߦട߃‫ޔ‬ᛩ⊛ߥ᡽ᐭ᜚಴㊄߇஗ᱛߐࠇߚᓟ‫߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬౉ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡߤߩ⒟ᐲ‫ޔ‬ᩏኤߩലᨐ

ߥ⁁ᴫߦߥࠆߩ߆ࠍᵈⷞߒߡ޿ߊᔅⷐ߇޽

߇਄߇ࠅᗧ⟵߇߽ߚࠄߐࠇࠆߩ߆‫↪⾌ޔ‬ኻࠅ‫ޔ‬ᩏኤߩᰴߩᲑ㓏ࠍ㐿ᆎߔࠆᤨᦼߦ߈ߡ

ലᨐߩ⹏ଔ߇㔍ߒ޿ߎߣ߽޽ࠈ߁‫⎇ᧄޕ‬ⓥ޿ࠆߣ߽⸒߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔2007 ᐕߦ᡽╷วᗧ߇ߥ⃰ߢ߽‫৻ߩࠬ࡞ࡋ࡞࠲ࡦࡔޔ‬ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ࠍߐࠇߚᓟ‫ޔ‬2007㨪2010 ᐕߪᲤᐕ 7 ජਁ࠺ਛዊⷙᮨ੐ᬺ႐߳ߩኻᔕ߽฽߼ߡᬌ⸛ߒߡ

ࡦࡑ࡯ࠢࠢࡠ࡯ࡀ‫ޔ‬㧔⚂ 1360 ਁ࠼࡞㧕ߩ⽷޿ߊߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᩏኤ߇⃻ታ᡽ᡰ಴߇ߥߐࠇߚ 2㧕㧕⊛ߦ⦟޿ᣇ╷߆ุ߆‫ߩࠄ߆ࠢ࡯ࡑࡦ࠺ޔ‬ᖱႎࠍෳ⠨ߦ⠨ኤߒߡ޿ߊᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ೙ᐲߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬Work Reform ߪഭ௛㑐ㅪᴺⷙߦઃ㓐ߒߡ‫ࠅࠃޔ‬ᡰេ⊛ߥขࠅ⚵

߹ߚᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ഭ௛ⅣႺߪⶄ㔀ߢ࠺࡝ࠤߺࠍⴕ߁߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬DWEA ߩᬺോ⥄૕ߪ࡯࠻ߥ໧㗴ࠍ฽߻ߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᡷༀࠍ⋡⊛ߣ

ഭ௛ⅣႺࠍᢛ߃ߡ޿ߊߎߣߢ޽ࠆ߇‫⊛౏ޔ‬ߒߚᵴേߣߪ޿߃‫ౕޔ‬૕⊛ߥኻ╷‫⃻ߦ․ޔ‬ߥ┙႐ߣߒߡᡰេߔࠆߎߣߣ‫ޔ‬ᩏኤቭ߇ታ

႐ߢߩᵴേߦߪ㈩ᘦ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ࡑࡦ࠺ޕ‬㓙ߦ⃻႐ߢ౏ᮭࠍⴕ૶ߔࠆᣇᴺߦߟ޿ߡ⧯

࡯ࠢߪ‫ޔ‬᡽ᐭ‫⚻ޔ‬༡⠪‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪஥࿅૕╬߇

ᐓߩᢛℂ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᡰេߣ▤ℂࠍߤߩᗧ⷗੤឵㧔social dialogue㧕ࠍⴕ߁⚛࿾߇−  −

㐳ᐕߦࠊߚࠅၭࠊࠇߡ߈ߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᔃℂ␠ળ

⽶ᜂ࡮ㅦᐲ⽶ᜂ‫ޔ‬㧞㧕ᗵᖱ⽶ᜂ‫ޔ‬㧟㧕᥸ജ⊛ഭ௛ⅣႺᢛ஻ߩ㊀ⷐᕈߦߟ޿ߡ⹺⼂ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬߿ߘߩ⢿ᆭ‫ޔ‬㧠㧕࠻࡜࠙ࡑߣߥࠆࠃ߁ߥ಴

㑐ㅪߔࠆᴺᡷᱜߦ޽ߚߞߡߪฦࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ

᧪੐‫ޔ‬㧡㧕޿ߓ߼࡮ࡂ࡜ࠬࡔࡦ࠻‫ޔ‬㧢㧕ᄛ࡞࠳࡯ߦࠃࠆ⼏⺰߇㊀ߨࠄࠇߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ൕ੤ᦧ೙ൕോࠍਥⷐߥෂ㒾࿃ሶߣߒߡᛒߞ

DWEA ߇ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ഭ௛ⅣႺࠍ㊀ⷞߒߚߡ޿ࠆ߇‫∛∔ޔ‬ભᬺߣߩ㑐ㅪ߇ᒝ޿ߎߣ߇

ᩏኤࠍⴕ߁ߦ޽ߚߞߡ߽‫ޔ‬ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ഭ௛ᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆⵙ㊂ᐲߦߟ޿ߡߪ৻ߟߩෂ

ⅣႺߩ㊀ⷐᕈߦߟ޿ߡߩ⹺⼂ࠍ㜞߼ࠆߚ߼㒾࿃ሶߣߒߡ⁛┙ߒߡ߅ࠄߕ‫ޔ‬໧㗴ߩᛠីߩࠠࡖࡦࡍ࡯ࡦ‫ޔ‬๟⍮ߔࠆߚ߼ߩࡄࡦࡈ࡟

߇චಽߦ಴᧪ߡ޿ߥ޿น⢻ᕈ߽ᜰ៰ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬࠶࠻߇૞ᚑߐࠇߚᓟߦታᣉ߇㐿ᆎߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ࠷࡯࡞ߩ⛮⛯⊛ߥᡷༀߣᩏኤቭ

ᣣᧄߦ߅޿ߡ࠺ࡦࡑ࡯ࠢߣห᭽ߩ౏⊛ᯏ㑐ߩᩏኤᛛⴚߩᦝߥࠆะ਄߇᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߩᒝ೙ജࠍ઻ߞߚኻ╷ࠍዉ౉ߔࠆߎߣࠍᬌ

߹ߚᩏኤߦኻߔࠆੱ⊛⾗Ḯߩᛩ౉߇ߐࠄߦ

⸛ߔࠆ႐ว‫ߦ․ޔ‬ਛዊⷙᮨ੐ᬺ႐߳ߩኻᔕ

ᦸ߹ࠇࠆ৻ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬ዊⷙᮨ੐ᬺ႐߇ᄙ޿࠺ࡦ

ࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦⴕߞߡ޿ߊ߆‫ޔ‬੐ᬺ႐஥ߦ෻

ࡑ࡯ࠢߢߪ‫੹ޔ‬એ਄ߩኻᔕߪ࿎㔍ߣ޿߁ᗧ⊒ࠍ઻ࠊߕߦฃߌ౉ࠇࠄࠇ‫ߦ⌀ߟ߆ޔ‬ᡷༀ⷗߽޽ࠆ‫⊛౏ޕ‬ᯏ㑐ߩᒝ೙ജࠍ઻ߞߚࡔࡦ

ߦ⚿߮ߟߊࠃ߁ߥᚻᴺߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩ߇

࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ߩዉ౉ࠍᣣᧄߢᬌ⸛ߔࠆ႐

޽ࠆ߆‫ޔ‬᭽‫┙ߥޘ‬႐ߩ㑐ଥ⠪߆ࠄᗧ⷗ࠍ෼

วߦ߽ห᭽ߩ໧㗴߇㗼࿷ൻߔࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬㓸ߒߚ߁߃ߢᬌ⸛ߒߡ޿ߊᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߣ⠨ᬌ⸛ߩᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㧲ஜᐽෂᯏᖱႎ ⹥ᒰߥߒ‫ޕ‬㧳⎇ⓥ⊒⴫ ⹥ᒰߥߒ‫ޕ‬㧴⍮⊛⽷↥ᮭߩ಴㗿࡮⊓㍳⁁ᴫ․⸵ขᓧ ߥߒታ↪ᣂ᩺⊓㍳ ߥߒߘߩઁ ߥߒ㧱㧚⚿⺰࠺ࡦࡑ࡯ࠢߦ߅ߌࠆࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ߩ⃻⁁ࠍᛠីߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߦ‫࡯ࡑࡦ࠺ޔ‬ࠢഭ௛ⅣႺ⋙〈⟑߇ⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ੐ᬺߦ㑐ߔࠆႎ๔ᦠ╬ࠃࠅᖱႎࠍ෼㓸ߒᬌ⸛ߒߚ‫ޕ‬੐ᬺ႐ߦኻߔࠆᩏኤߦᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ഭ௛ⅣႺࠍ
฽߼ࠆߎߣ߇᳿ቯߐࠇߡએ㒠‫ޔ‬ഭ௛ⅣႺ⋙〈⟑ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᩏኤቭߩ⍮⼂ߣᩏኤᛛⴚߩะ਄‫ޔ‬
ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ഭ௛ⅣႺߩ໧㗴ὐࠍㆡಾߦᛠី
ߔࠆߚ߼ߩࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ࠷࡯࡞ߩ㐿⊒╬ࠍⴕ㧵㧚⻢ㄉߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ഭ௛ⅣႺߦߟ޿ߡߩᩏኤߪ‫ޔ‬ડᬺ߆ࠄ᭎ߒߡࡐࠫ࠹ࠖࡉߦ

ᧄႎ๔ᦠ૞ᚑߦ޽ߚࠅ࠺ࡦࡑ࡯ࠢഭ௛Ⅳ

ฃߌ౉ࠇࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᩏኤߩᤨ㑆߇㒢ࠄႺ ⋙ 〈 ⟑ (DWEA) ߩ Mette Bøgehusࠇߡ޿ࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ᩏኤቭ߇⡯႐ߩో૕௝ࠍ

Rasmussen ߆ࠄߩᖱႎឭଏ‫ࠢ࡯ࡑࡦ࠺ޔ‬⊛⏕ߦᛠីߒ߈ࠇߡ޿ߥ޿น⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆߣ

Roskilde޿߁ᜰ៰߽޽ߞߚ‫࡯࠷ࠬࡦ࠳ࠗࠟޔߚ߹ޕ‬Arbejdsmiljø࡞ߪ 24 ᬺ⒳ߏߣߦಽ߆ࠇ‫ޔ‬㧝㧕઀੐ߩ㊂⊛

Nielsen ඳ჻ߣ Liv Starheim ߩදജࠍ޿ߚ−  −

University,&

Center

for

ߩ

Klaus

Arbejdsliv

ߛ޿ߚ‫⻢ߦߎߎޕ‬ᗧࠍ⴫ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧶㧚ෳ⠨ᢥ₂㧦
1㧕Klaus T. Nielsen, Agnete M. Hansen,
Liv Starheim and Henrik L. Lund. Har
Arbejdstilsynet

et

godt

øje

til

arbejdsmiljøet?(http://www.lo.dk/Politik/Arbejdsmiljo/~/media/LO/Politikomrader/Arbejdsmiljo/L
O%20arbejdsmiljoeindsats/OPA%202010/
4402_OPA_aug2010_WEB.ashx, ᦨ ⚳ ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬᣣ 2011 ᐕ 3 ᦬ 17 ᣣ㧕2) Rasmussen MB, Hansen T, Nielsen KT.
New

tools

and

strategies

for

the

inspection of the psychosocial working
environment:

Theexperience

of

the

Danish Working Environment Authority.
Safety Science 49(4); 565-574, 2011−  −ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲෘ↢ഭ௛⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌ഭ௛቟ో✚ว⎇ⓥ੐ᬺ‫ޟ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᶐㅘᚻᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ‫ޠ‬㧔*ഭ௛৻⥸㧕ਥછ㧦Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ㧕ಽᜂ⎇ⓥႎ๔ᦠ
ᶏᄖߩേะ㧔㧞㧕 ⡯႐ߩᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂߩߚ߼ߩ᰷Ꮊᨒ⚵ߺ PRIMA-EF)ਥછ⎇ⓥ⠪ Ꮉ਄ ᙗੱ ᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ᢎ᝼
ಽᜂ⎇ⓥ⠪ ႇ  ᣿⚐ ↥ᬺක⑼ᄢቇ↥ᬺකታോ⎇ୃ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯࡮ᢎ᝼
⎇ⓥදജ⠪ ࿯ደ ᡽㓶 ⁛┙ⴕ᡽ᴺੱഭ௛቟ోⴡ↢✚ว⎇ⓥᚲ࡮⎇ⓥຬ

᰷Ꮊ౒ㅢߢߩ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ߩౕ૕⊛ߥᨒ⚵ߺࠍ⏕┙ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬᰷Ꮊᯏ㑐(EC)ߩഥᚑࠍ߁ߌߡ⡯႐ߩᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂߩߚ߼ߩ᰷Ꮊᨒ⚵ߺ㧔European Framework for Psychosocial Risk
Management (PRIMA-EF)ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻߇  ᐕߦታᣉߐࠇ‫ޔ‬࿖߿ડᬺ߇ⴕ߁⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ
╷ߩᣇᴺ߿ߎࠇࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⎇ᧄޕ‬ⓥߢߪ‫ޔ‬PRIMA-EF ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆᢥ₂ࠍෳ⠨ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬PRIMA-EF ߩ᭎ⷐߦߟ޿ߡᢛℂߒߚ‫ޕ‬WHO ߆ࠄ಴ ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ PRIMA-EF ࠟࠗ࠼ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂߩ✚⺰‫ޔ‬PRIMA-EF ࡕ࠺࡞‫ޔ‬ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂߩਥⷐߥ஥㕙‫ޔ‬PRIMA-EF ࠬ࠹࡯ࠫ‫ޔ‬PRIMA-EF ᜰᮡࡕ࠺࡞‫␠ޔ‬ળ⊛ኻ⹤‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩ੍㒐ߣ▤ℂߩߚ߼ߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ᥸ജߣ޿ߓ߼ߩ㒐ᱛ‫ޔ‬ડᬺߩ␠ળ⊛⽿છ‫ޔ‬ല₸⊛ታᣉߩߚ߼ߩ⚵❱⊛ኻ╷߇⸥タߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߎޕ‬ࠇએᄖߦዊౠሶߢ޽ࠆ◲ଢߥࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬࠪ࡯࠻߇૞ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ડᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠟࠗ࠼ߢߪ‫ޔ‬PRIMA-EFࡕ࠺࡞㧔ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢߩᡷༀࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߩ᭎ᔨ࿑㧕‫ޔ‬PRIMA-EF ࠬ࠹࡯ࠫ㧔ኻ╷ߩᚻ㗅㧕PRIMA-EFᜰᮡࡕ࠺࡞㧔ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢߩ⹏ଔߩߚ߼ߩᜰᮡ㧕߇ឭ᩺ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߪߢ࠼ࠗࠟߩ࡞ࡌ࡟ࡠࠢࡑޕ‬࿖߿␠ળ߇ⴕ߁ߴ߈ኻ╷߇ᢛℂߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬PRIMA-EF ߪ‫⧷ޔ‬࿖ⷙᩰදળ߆ࠄ PAS ⷙᩰߣߒߡឭ᩺ߐࠇߡ
߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬዁᧪ BS ⷙᩰߦ᣹ᩰߔࠆน⢻ᕈ߽޽ࠆ‫ߤߥࠕ࡝࠲ࠗߚ߹ޕ‬᰷Ꮊฦ࿖ߢ PRIMA-EF ߦᓥߞߡ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ࠍㅴ߼ࠆേ߈߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬PRIMA-EF ߪࠊ߇࿖ߩ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ߦ߅޿ߡ߽
ෳ⠨ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬㧭㧚ߪߓ߼ߦ
᰷Ꮊో૕ߢߪ  ਁੱ߇⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬࠍ⚻㛎ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ㆊ෰  ࡩ᦬㑆ߦ㧢㧑߇り૕⊛᥸ജߩෂ㒾ߦߐࠄߐࠇ‫ޔ‬㧠㧑߇᥸ജࠍฃߌ‫ޔ‬㧡㧑߇޿ߓ߼㧔ࡂ࡜ࠬࡔࡦ࠻㧕ࠍฃߌߡ޿ࠆߣߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬᰷Ꮊߢߪ‫ޔ‬㓹↪⠪ߣഭ௛⠪ߩઍ⴫ߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ࠰࡯
ࠪࡖ࡞ࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ߦࠃࠆ‫␠ޟ‬ળ⊛ኻ⹤‫ޔࠅࠃߦޠ‬ഭ௛᡽╷ߩᣇะᕈ߇᳿ቯߐࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬㓹↪⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬⡯႐ߢ௛ߊੱ‫ߩޘ‬቟ోߣஜᐽࠍะ਄ߐߖࠆߚ
߼ߩផㅴ╷ߩዉ౉ߦ㑐ߔࠆ᰷Ꮊℂ੐ળᨒ⚵ߺⷙೣ‫'' ޠ‬% ߢ‫␠ޔ‬ળᔃℂ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࠍ฽߻ഭ
௛⠪ߩஜᐽ࡝ࠬࠢࠍ⹏ଔ࡮▤ℂߔࠆ⟵ോ߇޽ࠆߣ
ⷙ⒟ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߦࠇߎޕ‬㑐ㅪߒ‫ࠅࠃߟ߆ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆวᗧߢ޽ࠆ‫ޟ‬⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߦ㑐ߔࠆᨒ⚵ߺวᗧ‫ޟ߮ࠃ߅  ޠ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆࡂ࡜ࠬࡔࡦ࠻ߣ᥸ജߦ㑐ߔࠆᨒ⚵ߺวᗧ‫ߩߘ߇  ޠ‬ᓟ౏⴫ߐࠇ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᨒ⚵ߺߦᓥ޿‫ޔ‬᰷Ꮊฦ࿖ߏߣߢኻ╷߇ㅴ߼ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ ଀߃߫‫ޔ‬᰷Ꮊߢ߽ᾲᔃߦ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩኻ╷ߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ޿ࠆ⧷࿖ߢߪ‫ޔ‬᡽ᐭᯏ㑐ߢ޽ࠆஜᐽ቟ో⋭ *5' ߇⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߦኻߔࠆ⡯႐ߢߩኻ ╷ ࠍ ␜ ߒ ߚ Management standards forwork-related stress ࠍ౏⴫ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᜰ㊎ߢߪ㧢ߟߩ࿃ሶ㧔઀੐ߩⷐ᳞ᐲ‫ޔ‬୘ੱߩⵙ㊂ᐲ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩᡰេ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆᓎഀ‫❱⚵ޔ‬ᄌ㕟㧕ߩ⺞ᩏ␿ߣߘߩ್ቯၮḰ߇ឭଏߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ᡷༀᣇ

ᴺߣߒߡԘෂ㒾࿃ሶߩ․ቯ‫ޔ‬ԙஜᐽⵍኂߦ޽ߞߡ
޿ࠆ୘ੱߩ․ቯߣߘߩ⊒↢ᯏᐨ‫ޔ‬Ԛஜᐽⵍኂ߳ߩ
ෂ㒾ᐲߩ⹏ଔߣߘࠇߦኻߔࠆౕ૕⊛ߥᵴേ‫ޔ‬ԛ⚿
ᨐߩ⸥㍳‫ޔ‬Ԝታᣉ⹏ଔߣ⚵❱ߩขࠅ⚵ߺߩౣᬌ⸛
߇޽ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄙߊߩડᬺ߇ߎࠇߦḰߓߚࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ࠍ⥄ਥ⊛ߦታᣉߒ‫ޔ‬ᚑᨐࠍႎ๔ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬৻ᣇ‫  ߪߢࠢ࡯ࡑࡦ࠺ޔ‬ᐕ߆ࠄߔߴߡߩડ
ᬺߦኻߒߡ⡯႐ⅣႺߩ⹏ଔࠍታᣉߔࠆߎߣ߇ᴺ
⊛ߦ⟵ോߠߌࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬㧝ੱએ਄ᓥᬺຬߩ޿ࠆડᬺ
ߦኻߒߡߪ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬࠍ฽߼ߚ⡯႐ⅣႺ߇
ഭ௛ⅣႺዪߦࠃࠅ੐೨ㅪ⛊ߥߊᩏኤߐࠇࠆߎߣ
ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫⵾ߦ․ޕ‬ㅧ‫ޔ‬ㆇャ‫⽼ޔ‬ᄁ‫∛ޔ‬㒮߿੺⼔ߥߤߩᬺ⒳ߢߪ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩ⹏ଔߪᔅߕ
ታᣉߔߴ߈ߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ഭ௛ⅣႺዪߦࠃࠆᩏኤ
⚿ᨐߦࠃࠅ⡯႐ⅣႺߦ໧㗴߇޽ࠆ႐วߦߪ‫ޔ‬ડᬺߪᡷༀ๮઎ࠍฃߌߡᡷༀ⸘↹ࠍឭ಴ߒ‫ࠍࠇߎޔ‬ታᣉߔࠆߎߣ߇⟵ോઃߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ഭ௛ⅣႺዪߪ
ߎࠇࠄߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍ⋙ⷞߔࠆ‫ߥ⊛⚳ᦨޕ‬ᚑᨐߪ‫ޔ‬ડᬺߏߣߦ✛‫ޔ‬㤛‫  ߩ⦡⿒ޔ‬Ბ㓏ߩࠪࡦࡏ࡞㧔ࠬࡑࠗ࡞ࡑ࡯ࠢ㧕ߢ⹏ଔߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛ⅣႺዪߩ 9'$ ߢ౏㐿ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬቟ోⴡ↢߳ߩขࠅ⚵ߺߩડᬺߩ⹏ଔᜰ
ᮡߣߒߡ૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߒ߆ߒߎࠇ߹ߢ᰷Ꮊฦ࿖ߩ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ
╷ߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߪ࿖ߏߣߦ⇣ߥߞߡ޿ߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᦨㄭ '7 ߦട⋖ߒߚ࿖ߢߪ߹ߛኻ╷ࠍචಽߦ㐿ᆎ−  −

ߢ߈ߡ޿ߥ޿ߣߎࠈ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬᰷Ꮊ౒ㅢߢߩ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ߩౕ૕⊛ߥᨒ⚵ߺࠍ⏕┙ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬᰷Ꮊᯏ㑐(EC)ߩഥᚑࠍ߁ߌߡ⡯႐ߩᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂߩߚ߼ߩ᰷Ꮊᨒ⚵ߺ㧔 European
Framework for Psychosocial Risk Management(PRIMA-EF)ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻߇  ᐕߦታᣉߐࠇ‫ޔ‬࿖߿ડᬺ߇ⴕ߁⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ߩᣇᴺ߿ߎࠇࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒‫ౕࠅࠃޔ‬૕⊛ߥ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ߅ࠃ߮⡯႐ߩ᥸ജ࡮ࡂ࡜ࠬࡔࡦ࠻߳ߩ
੺౉ᣇᴺ߅ࠃ߮⦟ᅢታ〣੐଀ߩ෼㓸߇ߥߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
24+/#'( ߦ⚵ߺㄟ߹ࠇߚ࡝ࠬࠢࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߩ
ⷞὐߪ‫ޔ‬9*1 ߇ឭ໒ߔࠆ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ߩ࿖㓙ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦࠍขࠅㄟࠎߛ߽ߩߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫ޔ‬PRIMA-EF ߩ᭎ⷐߦߟ޿ߡᢥ₂ࠍ߽ߣߦ߹ߣ߼ߚ‫ޕ‬㧮㧚⎇ⓥߩᣇᴺ PRIMA-EF ߦ㑐ߔࠆએਅߩᢥ₂ࠍෳ⠨ߣߒ‫ޔ‬
PRIMA-EF ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ᭎ⷐ‫ޔ‬ਥⷐߥᚑᨐ‫․ޔ‬ߦડᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩኻ╷ߩ޽ࠅᣇߦ߅ߌࠆ
PRIMA-EF ߩ⠨߃ᣇ㧔PRIMA-EF ࡕ࠺࡞ߣᜰᮡ
ࡕ࠺࡞㧕ߦߟ޿ߡⷐ⚂ߒߚ‫ޕ‬z PRIMA-EF: Guidance on the European
Frameworkfor
Psychosocial
Risk
Management: A Resource for Employers
and Worker Representatives. WHO
Protecting Workers' Health Series: No. 9.
World Health Organization: Geneva 2008(http://prima-ef.org/)z Leka S, Cox T(✬)‫ޔ‬㜞᧛᣹㧔ᣣᧄ⺆ ⋙ୃ㧕㧚᰷Ꮊߦ߅ߌࠆഭ௛ෂᯏ▤ℂ૕೙ߩᚻᒁ߈㧦㓹↪⠪ߣഭ௛⠪ߩઍ⴫ߦኻߔࠆഥ⸒, 2009 ᐕ 5
᦬, pp. 23-24㧔਄⸥ߩ⠡⸶㧕
(http://www-sdc.med.nagasaki-u.ac.jp/gcoe/
publicity/prima2009.pdf)
z ⍫ୖዏౖ‫ޔ‬Ꮉ┵ാ᮸㧚᰷Ꮊߦ߅ߌࠆࡔࡦ࠲࡞
ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ߣขࠅ⚵ߺ̆PRIMA-EF ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩᚑᨐߩ᭎ⷐ̆㧚៊଻ࠫࡖࡄࡦ✚⎇ࠢࠜ࡯࠲࡝࡯, 2009 ᐕ 10 ᦬ 30 ᣣ⊒ⴕ Vol.53,
pp2-32(http://www.sj-ri.co.jp/issue/quarterly/data/
qt53.pdf) ߹ߚ‫ޔ‬2010 ᐕ㧝᦬ߦഭ௛቟ోⴡ↢✚ว⎇ⓥផ
ㅴ੐ᬺߦࠃࠅ᧪ᣣߒߚ PRIMA--EF ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻
ߩ࡝࡯࠳࡯ߢ޽ࠆ Stavroula Leka ಎᢎ᝼߆ࠄ෼
㓸ߒߚᖱႎ߽ෳ⠨ߦߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧯㧚⚿ᨐ
㧝㧚PRIMA-RF ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ᭎ⷐ
㧝㧕⋡⊛⡯႐ߩᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂߩߚ߼ߩ᰷Ꮊᨒ
⚵ߺ㧔PRIMA-EF㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬᰷Ꮊㅪว㧔EU㧕ߩਛߢ࿖ߣડᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢ᡽╷ߣታ〣ࠍଦㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߩᨒ

⚵ߺࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬એਅߩ㧡ߟߩౕ૕⊛ߥ⋡ᮡࠍឝߍߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔㧝㧕೑↪น⢻ߥᣇᴺ⺰ࠍ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߒ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢߣ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩ㗫ᐲ߅ࠃ߮ᓇ㗀ࠍ⹏ଔߢ߈ࠆ⍮⼂૕♽ࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬㧔㧞㧕ߎߩ໧㗴ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ࠮ࡦࠪ࠹ࠖࡉ߹ᖱႎߩ
෼㓸ߦ㑐ߔࠆㆡಾߥᚻᲑ࡮ᣇᴺࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎ
ߣ‫ޕ‬㧔㧟㧕ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢߩࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ಽ㊁ߦ߅ߌࠆ㧔࿖ห჻ߩ㧕⺞๺ࠍଦㅴߒ‫⃻ࠬࡀࠫࡆޔ‬႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ⦟ᅢታ〣ࠍଦㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ
ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߣ᥸ജߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿖㓙⊛ߥၮḰߣᜰᮡࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬㧔㧠㧕⡯ᬺ↢ᵴߩ⾰ߩᡷༀߦะߌߚᣉ╷ࠍ೑ኂ㑐ଥ⠪߇ታⴕߔࠆߎߣࠍน⢻ߣߔࠆ‫ޔ‬᣿ᔟߐߣ᰷Ꮊ
ߣߒߡ⛔৻ߐࠇߚࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ࠍଦㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆߎ߁ߒߚ໧㗴ߩࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⹦⚦ߥឭ⸒ߣ‫ߦࠬࡦ࠺ࡆࠛޔ‬ၮߠߊᦨ⦟ߩታ
〣ߩࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬㧔㧡㧕ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩᚑᨐࠍਛዊડᬺࠍ฽߻೑ኂ
㑐ଥ⠪߿࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ߦ᥉෸ߐߖ‫⼂⹺ޔ‬ࠍ㜞߼‫ޔ‬ℂ⸃‫ޔ‬㑐ਈ࡮ขࠅ⚵ߺ‫⦟ޔ‬ᅢታ〣ࠍଦㅴߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬㧞㧕ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩታᣉ⚵❱PRIMA--EF ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߪ 2007-2008 ᐕߦ‫⧷ޔ‬࿖ࡁ࠶࠹ࠖࡦࠟࡓᄢቇഭ௛࡮ⴡ↢߅ࠃ߮⚵❱⎇ⓥᚲ
㧔I-WHO㧕߇ਛᔃߣߥࠅታᣉߐࠇߚ‫ࠢࠚࠫࡠࡊޕ‬࠻ࠍផㅴߔࠆ PRIMA-EF ࠦࡦ࠰࡯ࠪࠕࡓߪ EU ߩએਅߩ㧢ߟߩ⚵❱࡮ᯏ㑐߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬z ⧷࿖ࡁ࠶࠹ࠖࡦࠟࡓᄢቇഭ௛࡮ⴡ↢߅ࠃ߮❱⎇ⓥᚲ㧔I-WHO㧕z ࠼ࠗ࠷ㅪ㇌ഭ௛቟ోⴡ↢⎇ⓥᚲ (BAuA)z ࠗ࠲࡝ࠕ࿖┙ഭ௛቟ోⴡ↢⎇ⓥᚲ(ISPESL)z ࠝ࡜ࡦ࠳↢ᵴ࡮ഭ௛࡮㓹↪ߩ⾰ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏᯏ᭴(TNO)z ࡐ࡯࡜ࡦ࠼࿖┙⎇ⓥᯏ᭴ഭ௛଻⼔ਛᄩ⎇ⓥ
ᚲ(CIOP-PIB)z ࡈࠖࡦ࡜ࡦ࠼ഭ௛ⴡ↢⎇ⓥᚲ(FIOH)
ߎࠇߦട߃‫ޔߡߒߣ࠼࡯ࡏ࡯࡝ࠩࠗࡃ࠼ࠕޔ‬‫ޔ‬WHO ഭ௛࡮ⅣႺⴡ↢㧔ᧄㇱ߅ࠃ᰷߮Ꮊ੐ോዪ㧕࿖㓙↥ᬺ଻ஜቇળ‫ޔ‬EU ߩߎࠇએᄖߩ⎇ⓥᯏ㑐߽දജߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟㧕ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩᵴേ
PRIMA-EF ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩᵴേߪ‫ޔ‬4 ߟߩࡈࠚ࡯࠭ߦಽߌߡㅴ߼ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᗧ⷗㓸⚂ߣਛ㑆ᚑᨐߩ౏⴫࡮᥉෸ߩߚ߼‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩࡢ࡯࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊ‫࡯ࡄޔ‬࠻࠽࡯ળ⼏߇㐿௅ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬㧔㧝㧕╙ 1 ࡈࠚ࡯࠭㧔2007 ᐕ 1 ᦬߆ࠄหᐕ 5 ᦬㧕᰷Ꮊߦ߅ߌࠆᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢߩࡑࡀࠫࡔ
ࡦ࠻ߦ㑐ߔࠆࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߣࡌࠬ࠻ࡊ࡜ࠢ࠹ࠖࠬ
ࠍ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧔㧞㧕╙ 2 ࡈࠚ࡯࠭㧔2007 ᐕ 6 ᦬߆ࠄ 2008 ᐕ−  −

5 ᦬㧕╙ 2 ࡈࠚ࡯࠭ߢߪ‫ߦ․ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߢ߽૶↪น⢻ߥ੺౉ߩ࠷࡯࡞߿ᚻᴺߩ㐿⊒‫ߦ౉੺ޔ‬㑐ߔࠆ⹏ଔߩၮḰࠍቯ߼ࠆෳ⠨ߦߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩ 9 㗄⋡ߦὶὐࠍᒰߡߡᬌ⸛߇ߥߐࠇ‫ࡊ࠻ࠬࡌߩ౉੺ߚ߹ޔ‬࡜ࠢ࠹ࠖࠬߦߟ޿ߡߩ൮᜝⊛ߥ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߣࠤ࡯
ࠬࠬ࠲࠺ࠖ߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬࡮ ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢߩࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ᥸ജ߿ࡂ࡜ࠬࡔࡦ࠻ߦ㑐ㅪߒߡ‫ޔ‬᰷Ꮊฦ࿖ߦሽ࿷ߔࠆ␠ળ᡽╷‫ޔ‬ᴺ⊛ᨒ⚵ߺߣ㑐ㅪߔࠆ␠ળၮ⋚߿ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߩಽᨆ‫ޕ‬࡮ EU ฦ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ೑ኂ㑐ଥ⠪ߩᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢߦ㑐ߔࠆ⹺⼂ߦߟ޿ߡߩಽᨆ‫ޕ‬࡮ ⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ߥ໧㗴ߩࡑࡀࠫࡔ
ࡦ࠻ߦኻߔࠆ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⊛ኻ⹤ߣਥⷐߥ೑ኂ㑐ଥ⠪ߩෳ↹ߦ㑐ߔࠆឭ⸒߅ࠃ߮ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߩ╷ቯ‫ޕ‬࡮ ഭ௛቟ోⴡ↢ߩ໧㗴ߣ CSR ߩ㑐ㅪߦߟ޿ߡ
ߩಽᨆ‫ޕ‬࡮ ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛໧㗴ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ␠ળ⊛ኻ⹤ߣ
CSR ߩਥⷐߥᜰᮡߩ╷ቯ‫ޕ‬࡮ ઀੐㑐ㅪߩᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢ߅ࠃ߮⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩ⊒⃻⁁ᴫߣᓇ㗀ߩᄢ߈ߐߦߟ޿ߡߩ
⹏ଔᣇᴺߩᬌ⸛‫ޕ‬࡮ ໧㗴ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ࠮ࡦࠪ࠹ࠖࡉߥᖱႎߩㆡಾ
ߥ෼㓸ᣇᴺߩᬌ⸛‫ޕ‬࡮ ⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߣ᥸ജߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿖㓙⊛ߥၮḰߣᜰᮡߩ╷ቯ‫ޕ‬࡮ ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ᥸ജߣࡂ࡜ࠬࡔࡦ࠻ߩᓇ㗀ߩᄢ߈ߐࠍ
⠨ᘦߒߚ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ‫ޕ‬㧔㧟㧕╙ 3 ࡈࠚ࡯࠭㧔2008 ᐕ 6 ᦬߆ࠄหᐕ 9 ᦬㧕૞ᚑߐࠇߚᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢߩࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻
ߦ㑐ߔࠆ᰷Ꮊ⚵ߺߩᅷᒰᕈ߇ᬌ⸽ߐࠇߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬ឭ⸒߿ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩ૞ᚑ߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬࡮ ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢߩࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ᥸ജ߿ࡂ࡜ࠬࡔࡦ࠻ߩ໧
㗴ߦኻߔࠆ⹦⚦ߥឭ⸒ߣࠛࡆ࠺ࡦࠬߦၮߠ޿ߚ
ᦨ⦟ߩታ〣ߦ㑐ߔࠆࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߩ╷ቯ‫ޕ‬࡮ ᦨ⦟ߥታ〣ࠍ‫⁁ࠆߥ⇣ޔ‬ᴫߩડᬺ‫ߦ․ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߦ߅޿ߡታᣉߔࠆߦ޽ߚߞߡߩਥⷐߥ⺖㗴ߩಽᨆ‫ޕ‬࡮ ડᬺ㧔㓹↪ਥ㧕‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⚵ว‫↥ޔ‬ᬺක‫ޔ‬৻⥸㐿ᬺක‫ߩઁߩߘޔ‬ഭ௛቟ోⴡ↢㑐ㅪߩኾ㐷ኅߩߚ߼ߩࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩ╷ቯ‫ޕ‬㧔㧠㧕╙ 4 ࡈࠚ࡯࠭㧔2008 ᐕ 9 ᦬߆ࠄหᐕ 12 ᦬㧕ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩᚑᨐߦ㑐ߔࠆᦠ☋߿ዊౠሶࠍ
૞ᚑߒ‫ޔ‬WHO ߿ ILO ࠍㅢߓߡ᥉෸ߐߖࠆߎߣߣ
ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ዊౠሶߢߪ‫ߩ☋ᦠޔ‬᭎ⷐࠍ␜ߔߎߣߣߒ‫ޔ‬ડᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢ૶޿߿ߔ޿ࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ߢឭଏߐࠇࠆ
ߎߣߣߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
㧞㧚PRIMA-EF ߩᚑᨐ
 WHO ߆ࠄ಴ ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ PRIMA-EF ࠟࠗ࠼ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂߩ✚⺰‫ޔ‬PRIMA-EF ࡕ࠺࡞‫ޔ‬ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂߩਥⷐߥ஥㕙‫ޔ‬
PRIMA-EF ࠬ࠹࡯ࠫ‫ޔ‬PRIMA-EF ᜰᮡࡕ࠺࡞‫␠ޔ‬ળ⊛ኻ⹤‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩ੍㒐ߣ▤ℂߩߚ߼ߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ᥸ജߣ޿ߓ߼ߩ㒐ᱛ‫ޔ‬ડᬺߩ␠ળ⊛⽿છ‫ޔ‬ല₸⊛ታᣉߩߚ߼ߩ⚵❱⊛ኻ╷߇⸥タߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬PRIMA-EF ߦߪⶄᢙߩࠟࠗ
࠳ࡦࠬࠪ࡯࠻߇૞ᚑߐࠇߡ߅ࠅߎࠇࠄ߽ෳ⠨ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ એਅߢߪ‫ޔ‬PRIMA-EF ߩࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻ߩ߁ߜડ
ᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ߽ߩࠍߣࠅ޽ߍߡ⚫੺ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
㧟㧚PRIMA-EF ߦ߅ߌࠆડᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩᔃℂ␠ળ⊛
࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂ
㧝㧕᭎ⷐ
ડᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆ PRIMA-EF ߪ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩᔃℂ
␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢߩ▤ℂߦ߅ߌࠆਥߥ஥㕙ߣߘߩᲑ㓏ࠍ᣿⏕ߦߔࠆߚ߼ߦ૞ᚑߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ડᬺ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ኅ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ઍ⴫ߪ‫ࠍࠇߎޔ‬⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩ᥸ജ‫੍ߩ߼ߓ޿ޔ࠻ࡦࡔࠬ࡜ࡂޔ‬㒐ߣ▤ℂߩߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬㑐ㅪ᡽╷‫ޔ‬ᜰᮡ‫ߩࡦ࡜ࡊࡦ࡚ࠪࠢࠕޔ‬㐿⊒ߩၮ␆ߣߒߡ૶↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬
PRIMA-EF ߪࡆࠫࡀࠬߣ⋥⚿ߒߡ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ ޿⦟ޔ‬PRIMA-EF ߩታⴕߪ⦟޿ࡆࠫࡀࠬߦߟߥ
߇ࠆߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ ߚ߹ޕ‬PRIMA-EF ߪㅪ⛯ߒߚࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߢ‫ߩࠬࡀࠫࡆޔ‬ㅢᏱᬺോߩ৻ㇱߢ޽ࠆߴ߈ߢ
޽ࠆߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬PRIMA-EF ߩታⴕ⽿છߪ‫ߔޔ‬ߴߡߩ㑐ଥ⠪㧔㓹↪⠪‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ࠍ฽߻㧕޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬
PRIMA-EF ߪ⚵❱ߩ୶ℂ⊛⽿છ‫ޔ‬ડᬺߩ␠ળ⊛⽿છߩ৻ㇱߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
PRIMA-EF ߢߪේ࿃߳ߩኻ╷ߦὶὐࠍ޽ߡߚߐ
߹ߑ߹ߥ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ੺౉߇฽߹ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬PRIMA-EF ߪ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠߊߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬PRIMA-EF ߩታⴕߪ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⊛ኻ⹤ߦၮߠߊෳടဳ
ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߢ޽ࠆߴ߈ߢ‫ࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ડᬺߩ⁁ᴫߦวࠊߖࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߦ․ޕ‬ડᬺߩ⢻ജߣฦ࿖߿࿾ၞߩ⢻ജࠍ⠨ᘦߦ౉ࠇߥߊߡߪ޿
ߌߥ޿ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
㧞㧕PRIMA-EF ࡕ࠺࡞
PRIMA-EF ߩਥⷐߥⷐ⚛ߪએਅߩࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔㧝㧕ഭ௛⠪㓸࿅‫ޔ‬⡯႐޽ࠆ޿ߪ৻ㅪߩᬺോࠍቯ
⟵ߒ‫ޔ‬ኻ⽎ࠍ᣿⏕ߦߔࠆߎߣ
㧔㧞㧕໧㗴ߩᕈ⾰ߣߘߩᩮᧄ⊛ߥේ࿃ࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ࡝ࠬࠢࠕ࠮ࠬࡔࡦ࠻
㧔㧟㧕࡝ࠬࠢߩ㒰෰޽ࠆ޿ߪシᷫߩߚ߼ߦ╷ቯߒߚࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ(⸃᳿╷)ߩ⸘↹ߣታᣉ㧔㧠㧕ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦߩ⹏ଔߣߘߎ߆ࠄߩቇ⠌㧔㧡㧕Ⓧᭂ⊛ߢᵈᗧᷓ޿ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߩ▤ℂ
PRIMA ࡕ࠺࡞ࠍડᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦㆡ↪ߒߚ႐วࠍ
࿑㧝ߦ␜ߔ‫ߦࠇߎޕ‬ᓥߞߡ PRIMA ߩታⴕࠬ࠹࠶
ࡊࠍߤ߁ㅴ߼ࠆ߆ࠍᰴߦㅀߴࠆ‫ޕ‬
㧟㧕PRIMA ࠬ࠹࡯ࠫ㧔ታⴕࠬ࠹࠶ࡊ㧕−  −

㧔㧝㧕࡝ࠬࠢࠕ࠮ࠬࡔࡦ࠻
࡝ࠬࠢࠕ࠮ࠬࡔࡦ࠻ߪ࡝ࠬࠢߩ▤ℂࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߩਛᔃ⊛ⷐ⚛ߢ‫઀ޟޔ‬੐ߦߟ޿ߡ‫߿்⽶ޔ‬ෂኂߩේ࿃ߪ૗߆‫ࠍ࠼࡯ࠩࡂޔ‬ขࠅ㒰ߊߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ߆
ߤ߁߆‫ޔ‬ขࠅ㒰ߌߥ޿႐วߪ࡝ࠬࠢࠍࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯
࡞ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ੍㒐⊛޽ࠆ޿ߪ଻⼔⊛ߥኻ╷ߪ૗߇޽ࠆ߆‫ࠍߣߎߚߞ޿ߣޔ߆ߕߪࠆ޽ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ᬌ⸛ߔࠆߚ߼ߦታᣉߔࠆ♽⛔⊛ߥᬌᩏ‫ߣޠ‬ቯ⟵ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߪߢ࠻ࡦࡔࠬ࠮ࠕࠢࠬ࡝ޕ‬໧㗴ߩᕈ⾰߿㊀ᄢᕈ‫ޔ‬ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ࡂࠩ࡯࠼ߣ᥸㔺ߒߚੱ‫ߩޘ‬ஜᐽߣ⚵❱ߩஜోߐ㧔ᰳൕ‫ࡔ࠻࠶ࡒࠦߩ߳❱⚵ޔ‬ࡦ࠻‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩḩ⿷ᗵ‫ޔ‬㔌⡯ᗧᔒ‫↥↢ޔ‬ᕈߩࠃ߁ߥ໧㗴)߳ߩᓇ㗀߇ᬌ⸛ߐࠇࠆ‫ࡦࡔࠬ࠮ࠕࠢࠬ࡝ޕ‬࠻ߦߪ⺖㗴ߛߌߢߥߊ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߢ㜞߼ࠆߴ߈ࡐࠫ࠹
ࠖࡉߥ஥㕙߽฽߹ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬࡝ࠬࠢࠕ࠮ࠬࡔࡦ࠻ߪએਅߩࠃ߁ߦታᣉߢ߈
ࠆߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮⺞ᩏߩታᣉ‫ޔ‬୘‫ߪߚ߹ߩߣੱޘ‬㓸࿅ߢߩ⸛⼏‫ޔ‬߹ߚߪⷰኤߦࠃࠅ෼㓸ߒߚ࠺࡯࠲ߦၮߠߊ‫ޕ‬࡮ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ໧㗴ࠍ⠨ᘦߦ౉ࠇࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬ฦ࿖‫ޔ‬ᬺ⒳ߩ․ᕈ߿␠ળ⚻ᷣ⊛‫ޔ‬ᢥൻ⊛ߥᏅ⇣ߩࠃ߁ߥⷞὐ
߽⠨ᘦߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬࡮઀੐ߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩ⍮⼂ߣኾ㐷ᛛ⢻ࠍ⹺⼂ߒ‫ޔ‬೑↪ߔࠆߴ߈‫ޕ‬࡮㓸࿅࡟ࡌ࡞ߩᖱႎࠍᛒ޿‫ޔ‬ഭ௛᧦ઙߦ㑐ߒߡߪኾ㐷ኅߩ್ᢿߦࠃࠆ⹏ଔࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬․ߦ‫ޔ‬PRIMA-EF ߩᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ࡂࠩ࡯࠼ߪ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩ᥸ജ‫߽࠻ࡦࡔࠬ࡜ࡂޔ߼ߓ޿ޔ‬฽ࠎߢ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬り૕⊛᥸ജߩ࡝ࠬࠢࠕ࠮ࠬࡔࡦ࠻ߢߪ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩ‛ℂ⊛ⅣႺ‫߫߃଀ޔ‬⡯႐ߩ࠺ࠩࠗࡦ߿቟ోⵝ⟎ࠍ⠨ᘦߦ౉ࠇࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬⡯႐ߩ޿ߓ߼ߦߟ޿ߡ߽‫ޔ‬ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛⡯႐ⅣႺ߇ᖡ޿⚿ᨐߣ⷗ߥߒߡ⼏⺰ߔࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߦ․ޕ‬࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ࠍ⠨ᘦߔߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆߣ
ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ࡂࠩ࡯࠼ߣஜᐽᓇ㗀ߩน⢻ᕈߩᖱႎࠍ৻✜ߦ㓸߼ࠆߎߣߢ‫ࠅߎ⿠ޔ‬ᓧࠆ࡝ࠬࠢⷐ࿃
ࠍ․ቯߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ⷐࠢࠬ࡝ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬࿃ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫߇ࠇߘޔ‬ᒁ߈⿠ߎߔࡂࠩ࡯࠼߹ߚߪෂ
ኂߩᕈ⾰‫ߣ࠼࡯ࠩࡂޔ‬ෂኂߣߩ㑐ଥߩᒝߐ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬ߪᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌࠆ㓸࿅ߩࠨࠗ࠭ߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ఝవ㗅૏ࠍ᳿߼ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔㧞㧕ᣢሽߩᵴേߩ⋙ᩏߣᡰេࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦࠍㆡಾߦ⸘↹ߔࠆ೨ߦ‫ߥࠎߤޔ‬ኻ╷߇ᣢߦታᣉߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬୘ੱ߿⚵❱߳ߩലᨐߪߤ߁ߢ޽ࠆ߆ࠍಽᨆߔࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆߣ
ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣢሽߩᵴേߣᓥᬺຬᡰេ૕೙ߩ⏕⹺ߣಽᨆ߇ᔅⷐߦߥࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬૞ᬺ߆ࠄߩᖱႎߪ࡝ࠬࠢ
ࠕ࠮ࠬࡔࡦ࠻ߩᖱႎߣ৻✜ߦ‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߩ੺౉ࡊࡠ࠮
ࠬߦ೑↪ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔㧟㧕ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦࡊ࡜ࡦߩ╷ቯ໧㗴߇චಽߦℂ⸃ߐࠇߚ႐วߦߪ‫ࠍࠢࠬ࡝ޔ‬೥ᷫߔࠆߚ߼ߩࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦࡊ࡜ࡦ㧔⸃᳿╷㧕ࠍ╷ቯߔࠆ‫ޔߪߦࠇߎޕ‬૗߇ᮡ⊛߆‫߇⺕ޔ߆߁ⴕ߁ߤޔ‬ታᣉߔࠆ߆‫߇⺕ߦઁޔ‬㑐ࠊࠆ߆‫ࠤࠬߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬ࠫࡘ࡯࡞ߦߔࠆ߆‫⾗ߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬Ḯ㧔ੱ᧚߿੍▚㧕߇ᔅⷐ߆‫ޔ‬ኻ╷߆ࠄߤߩࠃ߁ߥࡔ࡝࠶࠻㧔ஜᐽ㕙ߣࡆࠫࡀࠬ㕙ߢ㧕߇ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ߆‫ޔ‬ലᨐߪߤ߁᷹
ቯߢ߈ࠆ߆߇฽߹ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬੺౉ߢߪ‫ߩߘߪߚ߹❱⚵ޔ‬ਛߩ㓸࿅ߦὶὐࠍ޽
ߡ‫ޔ‬ේ࿃ߣߥࠆᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢⷐ࿃ࠍୃᱜߔࠆ
ߎߣ߇ఝవߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߣߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪୘ੱะߌߩኻ╷ߪઁߩኻ╷ࠍ⵬ቢߒߚࠅ‫ࠬ࡝ߦߢߔޔ‬ࠢⷐ࿃ߩᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߡ޿ࠆᓥᬺຬߦߣߞߡߪ᦭
ലߢ޽ࠆߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔㧠㧕࡝ࠬࠢߩシᷫ㧔ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦࡊ࡜ࡦߩታᣉ㧕࡝ࠬࠢシᷫߩߚ߼ߩࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦࡊ࡜ࡦߩታᣉ
ߪ‫ޔ‬ᘕ㊀߆ߟᕁᘦᷓߊⴕ߁ߴ߈ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫࡜ࡊޕ‬ࡦߩୃᱜ߿⹏ଔ߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠆ߆ߤ߁߆߿࠲ࠗࡒ
ࡦࠣࠍߪ߆ࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ߩࡦ࡜ࡊޔ‬ㅴ᝞ࠍ⋙ⷞ‫⸥ޔ‬㍳‫ޔ‬ᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣࠍផᅑߒߡ޿ࠆ‫↪૶ߚ߹ޕ‬⠪ߣഭ௛⠪߇ኻ╷ߦⓍᭂ⊛ߦ㑐ࠊࠅෳടߔࠆߎߣ߇ᚑഞ
ߦߟߥ߇ࠆߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔㧡㧕ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦࡊ࡜ࡦߩ⹏ଔ
⹏ଔߢߪ‫ޔ‬ታᣉߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߣߣ߽ߦࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ
ࡊ࡜ࡦߩࠕ࠙࠻ࠞࡓࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆ‫⹏ޕ‬ଔߪ‫ߑ߹ߐޔ‬߹ߥ⒳㘃ߩᖱႎࠍ⠨ᘦߒ‫ߟ߆ޔ‬㑐ㅪߔࠆᄙᢙߩⷞ
ὐ㧔଀߃߫‫⚻ޔࡈ࠶࠲ࠬޔ‬༡⠪‫࠳࡞ࡎࠢ࡯࠹ࠬޔ‬࡯ߥߤ㧕߆ࠄᖱႎࠍᓧࠆߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ߒ޿ߣߒߡ޿
ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔㧢㧕⚵❱ቇ⠌⚵❱ߪ‫⹏ޔ‬ଔࠍ‫⊛⛯⛮ޔ‬ᡷༀߩߚ߼ߦ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬ቇ⠌ࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩ౒᦭㧔⼏⺰߅ࠃ߮ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪ
ࡦ㧕ߩၮ␆ߣߒߡ૶↪ߔࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߪࠄࠇߎޕ‬዁᧪ߩ࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂߢᓎߦ┙ߜ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬ᱜᏱߥ⚵❱㐿⊒ߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߩ৻ㇱߣߒߡߩ૞ᬺ⚵❱ߣ⡯႐ߩ㧔ౣ㧕⸳⸘ߢ߽ᓎߦ┙ߟ‫ ޕ‬㐳ᦼ⊛ߥⷞὐ߇ਇน
ᰳߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ቇ⠌ߐࠇߚ੐㗄ߪ‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ߩ઀੐ߩᛂߜ
วࠊߖ߿ળ␠ౝߩഭ૶ߩኻ⹤ߩ৻ㇱߣߒߡ⼏⺰ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠅ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬ᔅⷐߥࠄ⷗⋥߽ߥߐࠇࠆ
ߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥᬺຬ߳ߩ๟⍮߽㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫⚳ᦨޕ‬⊛ߦቇ⠌ߐࠇߚᖱႎߪᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂߩ
‫ޟ‬ᰴߩࠨࠗࠢ࡞‫↪૶ߡߒߣ࠻࠶ࡊࡦࠗߩ߼ߚߩޠ‬ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
㧔㧣㧕PRIMA-EF ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߩࠕ࠙࠻ࠞࡓ
PRIMA-EF ߦࠃࠆᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂߦࠃࠆஜᐽߥ⚵❱ߩᒻᚑߪ‫⦟ޔ‬ᅢߥᓥᬺຬߩஜᐽߣ࠙ࠚ
࡞ࡆ࡯ࠗࡦࠣߛߌߢߥߊ⚵❱ߩ↢↥ᕈ߿ࡄࡈࠜ
࡯ࡑࡦࠬߩᡷༀߦ߽ߟߥ߇ࠆߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬એਅߪਥⷐߥࠕ࠙࠻ࠞࡓߩ଀ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ᰳൕ߿ࡒࠬߦࠃࠆࠦࠬ࠻߅ࠃ߮੐᡿ߩᷫዋ‫↢ޔ‬↥ᕈߩ਄᣹࡮ක≮⾌߅ࠃ߮ߎࠇߣ㑐ㅪߒߡ଻㒾ᢱ߿଻㒾⠪ߩ⽶ᜂߩ೥ᷫ−  −

࡮઀੐ߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߣࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩᡷༀߣ‫ޔ‬઀੐ߩ᦭ലᕈߣല₸ᕈߩะ਄࡮⦟޿ડᬺߢ޽ࠆߎߣ‫߿ࡈ࠶࠲ࠬޔ‬㘈ቴ߇ળ␠ࠍ
⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅળ␠ߩ㝯ജ߇Ⴧടߔࠆ
࡮㕟ᣂ⊛ߢ‫⽿ޔ‬છ߇޽ࠅ‫᧪ᧂޔ‬ᜰะߩડᬺᢥൻࠍ
㐿⊒ߔࠆߎߣ
࡮ᐢߊ‫ޔ‬࿾ၞ␠ળߦ߅ߌࠆஜᐽߩჇㅴ㧠㧚PRIMA-EF ᜰᮡࡕ࠺࡞
 ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࠍ⋙ⷞߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬
PRIMA-EF ߢߪⶄᢙߩᜰᮡࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚ⛔৻⊛ߥ
PRIMA-EF ᜰᮡࡕ࠺࡞ࠍឭ᩺ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫࠺ࡕߩߎޕ‬࡞ߪ‫᥸ޔ‬㔺ߦ㑐ߔࠆᜰᮡ‫ߦࡓࠞ࠻࠙ࠕޔ‬㑐ߔࠆᜰᮡ‫੍ޔ‬㒐⊛ⴕേ㧛੺౉ߦߟ޿ߡߩᜰᮡ߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐ
ࠇࠆ‫ޔߪ࡞࠺ࡕߩߎޕ‬ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂߩࠨ
ࠗࠢ࡞ߦኻᔕߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬୘ੱ‫ޔ❱⚵ޔ‬࿖࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩᓇ㗀ߦ߽ኻᔕߒߚ߽ߩߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑㧞ߦߪ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢߦ㑐ߔࠆᜰᮡࡕ࠺࡞ߣ੍㒐⊛ⴕേ㧔੺౉㧕ߩ㑐ଥࠍ␜ߒߚ‫␠ޕ‬ળᔃℂ⊛࡝ࠬࠢ㧔⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ୘ੱ⊛ⷐ࿃‫ⷐ⊛❱⚵ޔ‬࿃‫ޔ‬႐วߦࠃߞߡߪࠃࠅᄢ߈ߥ␠ળ⊛ⷐ࿃߆ࠄ߽ᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌࠆ‫⚿ߩߎޕ‬ᨐ‫ޔ‬ᛥ߁ߟ‫ޔ‬ਇ቟ߥߤߩ୘ੱ⊛ᓇ㗀‫ޔ‬૞ᬺല₸ߩૐਅߥߤ⚵❱⊛ᓇ㗀߇↢ߓ‫⊛ࡠࠢࡑޔ‬ߦߪ␠ળ⊛ߥᓇ㗀߽↢ߓᓧࠆ‫੍ޕ‬㒐⊛ⴕേ(੺౉)ߪ‫⁁ߩߎޔ‬ᴫࠍ੍㒐ߒߡ▤ℂߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
 PRIMA-EF ߪ‫᥸ޔ‬㔺‫੍ޔࡓࠞ࠻࠙ࠕޔ‬㒐⊛ⴕേ㧔੺౉㧕ߦߟ޿ߡ૶↪น⢻ߥᜰᮡࠍᬌ⸛ߒߡ߹ߣ
߼ߡ޿ࠆ㧔⴫㧝㧕‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᜰᮡߪᔅߕߒ߽⛘ኻ⊛ߥ߽ߩߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬࿖ߏߣߦ᳿ቯߒ૶↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇⸵ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧡㧚ࡑࠢࡠ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆ PRIMA-EF ߩᵴ↪
 ࿖ߥߤߩࡑࠢࡠ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢߩ▤ℂߦߟ޿ߡ߽ PRIMA-EF ߪࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬࠍឭଏߒ
ߡ޿ࠆ‫ ߩߢ࡞ࡌ࡟ࡠࠢࡑޕ‬PRIMA-EF ࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ࿑
㧟ߦ‫ߩߢ࡞ࡌ࡟ࡠࠢࡑޔ‬ᜰᮡࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ⴫㧞ߦ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬㧢㧚ߘߩઁ PRIMA-EF ࠟࠗ࠼ߪ‫ޔ‬એ਄ߩઁ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⊛ኻ⹤㧔ഭ‫ޔ‬૶ߩኻ⹤㧕߅ࠃ߮ഭ௛⠪ෳടߩ㊀ⷐᕈ㧔╙౐┨㧕৻⥸⊛ߥ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩኻ╷ߩ⸥ㅀ㧔╙৾┨㧕‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ᥸ജߣ޿ߓ߼ߩ㒐ᱛߩࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗ
ࡦ㧔╙౎┨㧕
‫ޔ‬ડᬺߩ␠ળ⊛⽿છߣ PRIMA-EF ߣߩ㑐ଥ㧔╙਻┨㧕‫ߥ⊛❱⚵߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ലᨐ⊛ߥផㅴ
ᣇᴺ㧔╙ච┨㧕ߦߟ޿ߡ⸥タߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬D㧚⠨ኤ PRIMA-EF ߪ‫ޔ‬᰷Ꮊฦ࿖ߢߩ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩ
╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᨒ⚵ߺࠍ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߒ‫ޔ‬࿖㧔ࡑࠢࡠ㧕‫ޔ‬ડᬺ‫ޔ‬୘ੱ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ㧔ᔃℂ␠ળ
⊛࡝ࠬࠢ㧕ߩኻ╷ࠍ‫ߩߘޔ‬᭎ᔨࡕ࠺࡞‫ౕޔ‬૕⊛ᚻ㗅‫⹏ޔ‬ଔᜰᮡ߆ࠄ᰷Ꮊ౒ㅢߩᨒ⚵ߺࠍឭ᩺ߒߚࡊ
ࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߪߢࠕ࡝࠲ࠗޕ‬PRIMA-EF ߦḰ᜚ߒߚࠗ࠲࡝ࠕᨒ⚵ߺߦะߌߡ᡽ᐭ߅ࠃ߮࿖
┙⎇ⓥᯏ㑐߇ᬌ⸛߿࠷࡯࡞ߩ㐿⊒ࠍㅴ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
2011 ᐕ 1 ᦬ߦߪ‫⧷ޔ‬࿖ⷙᩰදળ߆ࠄ৻⥸઀᭽ᦠ(PAS)ߩᒻߢ‫ޔ‬PRIMA-EF ߦḰ᜚ߒߚ⦟ᅢ੐଀ࠍ⹺
⸽ߔࠆⷙᩰߩ໡ຠൻࠍ㐿ᆎߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔⴫㧟㧕‫ޕ‬
http://www.bsigroup.com/en/About-BSI/News-Room/
BSI-News-Content/Disciplines/Occupational-Health-and-Safety/News-Content/
PAS ߪ‫ޔ‬regional standard ߢ޽ࠆ⧷࿖ⷙᩰߢߪߥ޿
߇‫੹ޔ‬ᓟ㑐ଥᯏ㑐߇㑐ਈߒߡࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ࠪࠬ࠹
ࡓ‫ⴕ߿ࠢ࡯ࡑ࠴ࡦࡌޔ‬േⷙቯࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬㧞ᐕ⒟ᐲߩᦼ㑆ࠍ⚻ߡ⧷࿖ⷙᩰߦ᣹ᩰߔࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟ᰷Ꮊߢ PRIMA-EF ߦḰߓߚ࿖ߩข
ࠅ⚵ߺ߇ㅴ߻ߣ੍ᗐߐࠇࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬᰷Ꮊߦߣߤ߹ࠄ
ߕ‫ޔ‬PRIMA-EF ߇⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ߩ਎⇇⊛ߥᮡḰߣߒߡ⹺⍮ߐ߃ࠆน⢻ᕈ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎ߁ߒߚ PRIMA-EF ߩ⠨߃ᣇߪ‫߇ࠊޔ‬࿖ߩ⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᨒ⚵ߺߩᬌ⸛ߦ߅޿ߡ߽᦭↪ߢ޽ࠆ‫ ߦ․ޕ‬PRIMA-EF ࡕ࠺࡞ߩࠃ߁ߦᣣᏱߩ↢↥ᬺോߩਛߦᔃℂ␠ળ࡝ࠬࠢߩ
ࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ࠨࠗࠢ࡞ࠍขࠅ౉ࠇࠆߎߣ‫᥸ޔ‬㔺‫ޔ‬ࠕ࠙࠻ࠞࡓ߅ࠃ߮ኻ╷ߩ㧟஥㕙߆ࠄᔃℂ␠ળ࡝ࠬࠢኻ╷ࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆⷞὐߪ‫߇ࠊޔ‬࿖ߩᨒ⚵ߺߠߊࠅߢ߽↢߆ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㧱㧚⚿⺰᰷Ꮊ౒ㅢߢߩ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ߩౕ૕⊛ߥᨒ⚵ߺࠍ⏕┙ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬᰷Ꮊᯏ㑐(EC)ߩഥᚑࠍ
߁ߌߡ⡯႐ߩᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂߩߚ߼ߩ᰷Ꮊ ᨒ ⚵ ߺ 㧔 European Framework for
Psychosocial Risk Management (PRIMA-EF)ࡊ
ࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻߇  ᐕߦታᣉߐࠇ‫ޔ‬࿖߿ડᬺ߇ⴕ߁⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ߩᣇᴺ߿ߎࠇࠍ⹏ଔ
ߔࠆᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⎇ᧄޕ‬ⓥߢߪ‫ޔ‬
PRIMA-EF ߦ 㑐 ㅪ ߔ ࠆ ᢥ ₂ ࠍ ෳ ⠨ ߣ ߒ ߡ ‫ޔ‬
PRIMA-EF ߩ᭎ⷐߦߟ޿ߡᢛℂߒߚ‫ޕ‬WHO ߆ࠄ಴ ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ PRIMA-EF ࠟࠗ࠼ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂߩ✚⺰‫ޔ‬PRIMA-EF ࡕ࠺࡞‫ޔ‬ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂߩਥⷐߥ஥㕙‫ޔ‬
PRIMA-EF ࠬ࠹࡯ࠫ‫ޔ‬PRIMA-EF ᜰᮡࡕ࠺࡞‫␠ޔ‬ળ⊛ኻ⹤‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩ੍㒐ߣ▤ℂߩߚ߼ߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ᥸ജߣ޿ߓ߼ߩ㒐ᱛ‫ޔ‬ડᬺߩ␠ળ⊛⽿છ‫ޔ‬ല₸⊛ታᣉߩߚ߼ߩ⚵❱⊛ኻ╷߇⸥タߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠇߎޕ‬એᄖߦዊౠሶߢ޽ࠆ◲ଢߥࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬࠪ࡯࠻߇૞ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ડᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠟࠗ࠼ߢߪ‫ޔ‬PRIMA-EF ࡕ࠺࡞㧔ᔃℂ␠ળ
⊛࡝ࠬࠢߩᡷༀࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߩ᭎ᔨ࿑㧕‫ޔ‬PRIMA-EFࠬ࠹࡯ࠫ㧔ኻ╷ߩᚻ㗅㧕PRIMA-EF ᜰᮡࡕ࠺࡞㧔ᔃ
ℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢߩ⹏ଔߩߚ߼ߩᜰᮡ㧕߇ឭ᩺ߐࠇ
ߡ޿ࠆ‫ߪߢ࠼ࠗࠟߩ࡞ࡌ࡟ࡠࠢࡑޕ‬࿖߿␠ળ߇ⴕ
߁ߴ߈ኻ╷߇ᢛℂߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬PRIMA-EF ߪ‫⧷ޔ‬࿖ⷙᩰදળ߆ࠄ PAS ⷙᩰߣߒߡឭ᩺ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬−  −

߹ߚࠗ࠲࡝ࠕߥߤ᰷Ꮊฦ࿖ߢߎࠇߦᓥߞߡ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ࠍㅴ߼ࠆേ߈߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬PRIMA-EFߪࠊ߇࿖ߩ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ߦ߅޿ߡ߽ෳ⠨ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬㧲㧚ஜᐽෂ㒾ᖱႎ ⹥ᒰߖߕ‫ޕ‬㧳㧚⎇ⓥ⊒⴫
㧝㧕ቇળ⊒⴫
Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ㧚⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬࠍ߼ߋࠆ࿖㓙േะߣᣣᧄߩఝవ⺖㗴㧚╙ 18 ࿁ᣣᧄ↥ᬺࠬ࠻࡟ࠬቇળ㧔␹ᚭᏒ㧕, 2011 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 21 ᣣ.
Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ㧚᰷Ꮊߦ߅ߌࠆ⡯႐ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߩផ
ㅴᨒ⚵ߺߣᣣᧄߩ⺖㗴㧚╙ 83 ࿁ᣣᧄ↥ᬺⴡ↢ቇળ㧔⑔੗Ꮢ㧕, 2010 ᐕ 5 ᦬ 28 ᣣ.
Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ㧚⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߩ࿖㓙ầᵹߣᣣᧄဳᨒ⚵ߺߩ⏕┙ߦะߌߡ㧚╙ 17 ࿁ᣣᧄ↥ᬺ♖␹଻ஜቇળ㧔㊄ᴛᏒ㧕, 2010 ᐕ 7 ᦬ 17 ᣣ㧚㧞㧕⺰ᢥ⊒⴫
Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ㧚⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߩ࿖㓙ầᵹߣᣣᧄဳᨒ⚵ߺߩ⏕┙ߦะߌߡ㧚↥ᬺ♖␹଻ஜ
18(4): 281-285, 2010.
㧴㧚⍮⊛⽷↥ᮭߩ಴㗿࡮⊓㍳⁁ᴫ㧔੍ቯࠍ฽߻㧕 ⹥ᒰߖߕ‫ޕ‬−  −

ഭ௛ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߩ▤ℂߣ⚵❱

ࠕ࠙࠻ࠞࡓ

↢↥

ᡷ㕟

ഭ௛ߣ↢↥ߩડ↹‫ޔ‬㐿⊒‫ޔ‬ታⴕ↢↥ᕈߣຠ⾰ഭ௛ߩ⾰࡝ࠬࠢࠕ࠮ࠬ

⒖ⴕ㧛ⴕേ⸘

࡝ࠬࠢߩシᷫ

ࡔࡦ࠻ߣ⋙ᩏ

↹㧔੺౉㧕ഭ௛⠪ߩஜᐽ

⚵❱ቇ⠌⹏ଔ␠ળ⊛ࠕ࠙࠻
ࠞࡓ࿑㧝 PRIMA ࡕ࠺࡞㧦ડᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢߩ▤ℂࡊࡠ࠮ࠬLeka S, Cox T(✬)‫ޔ‬㜞᧛᣹㧔ᣣᧄ⺆⋙ୃ㧕㧚᰷Ꮊߦ߅ߌࠆഭ௛ෂᯏ▤ℂ૕೙ߩᚻᒁ߈㧦㓹↪⠪ߣഭ௛⠪ߩઍ⴫ߦኻߔࠆഥ⸒, 2009 ᐕ 5 ᦬, pp. 11
http://www-sdc.med.nagasaki-u.ac.jp/gcoe/publicity/prima2009.pdf
−  −

␠ળ⊛ⷐ࿃

␠ળ⊛ᓇ㗀⚵❱ⷐ࿃
䋨PSR฽䉃䋩

઀੐㑐ㅪ
䉴䊃䊧䉴

⚵❱⊛ᓇ㗀

୘ੱ䈱઀੐㑐ㅪⷐ࿃䋨PSR฽䉃䋩

୘ੱ⊛ᓇ㗀
୘ੱ․ᕈ

੍㒐ⴕേ䈫੺౉
࿑㧞 ⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢߣ੍㒐ⴕേ࡮੺౉ࠍ⛔วߒߚᜰᮡࡕ࠺࡞
㧔254㧩ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢߩ⇛㧕
Leka S, Cox T(✬)‫ޔ‬㜞᧛᣹㧔ᣣᧄ⺆⋙ୃ㧕㧚᰷Ꮊߦ߅ߌࠆഭ௛ෂᯏ▤ℂ૕೙ߩᚻᒁ߈㧦㓹↪⠪ߣഭ௛⠪ߩઍ⴫ߦኻߔࠆഥ⸒, 2009 ᐕ 5 ᦬, pp. 23-24
http://www-sdc.med.nagasaki-u.ac.jp/gcoe/publicity/prima2009.pdf−  −

⴫㧝 24+/#'( ߦ߅ߌࠆ␠ળᔃℂ⊛࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂߩᜰᮡ㧦ડᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞ ᥸㔺䋨ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛䊥䉴䉪฽䉃䋩
⚵❱ⷐ࿃
ኻ╷䋯ᣉ⸳
઀੐㵪ኅᐸ䊋䊤䊮䉴䉕ᦨㆡൻ䈜䉎䈢䉄䈱ᣉ⸳ੱ᧚▤ℂഭ௛቟ోⴡ↢ኻ╷ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛䊥䉴䉪䊙䊈䉳䊜䊮䊃䈮㑐ㅪ䈜䉎ડᬺ䈱␠

ળ⊛⽿છ
੐ᬺᚢ⇛

⚵❱ᢥൻ
⚻༡⠪䈫ഭ௛⠪䈱㐿᡼⊛䋯ା㗬⊛䈭㑐ଥᕈ⚻༡⠪䈎䉌䈱ᖱႎ䋯䊐䉞䊷䊄䊋䉾䉪䉮䊚䊠䊆䉬䊷䉲䊢䊮䋨䊗䊃䊛䉝䉾䊒䋯䊃䉾䊒䉻䉡䊮䋩⚵❱⊛౏ᐔᕈ
ഭ૶ද⼏ળ䋯ഭ௛⠪ઍ⴫䈱ሽ࿷ഭ૶㑐ଥഭ௛⚵วળຬ
࿅૕ද⚂઀੐㑐ㅪⷐ࿃

㓹↪᧦ઙ
ᄾ⚂

⾓㊄
ዞഭጁᱧ
⚵❱⸳⸘
䉳䊢䊑䊨䊷䊁䊷䉲䊢䊮䋯䉪䊨䉴䊶䊃䊧䊷䊆䊮䉫䉼䊷䊛䊪䊷䉪
䊙䊦䉼䊶䉴䉨䊦
઀੐䈱⾰઀੐䈱ⷐ᳞ᐲ
⥄ਥᕈ䋯᳿ቯᮭ䈱⥄↱ᐲ઀੐䈱቟ቯᕈ
䉸䊷䉲䊞䊦䉰䊘䊷䊃䈫⪾⮮᥸ജ䇮䊊䊤䉴䊜䊮䊃䇮䈇䈛䉄Ꮕ೎ഭ௛ᤨ㑆࿷ቛൕോ䇮䊁䊧䊪䊷䉪䉝䉡䊃䉦䊛ஜᐽ㑐ㅪ䉝䉡䊃䉦䊛ൕോਛ䈱੐᡿
ஜᐽ਄䈱໧㗴
り૕⊛ஜᐽ♖␹⊛ஜᐽ઀੐ḩ⿷ᐲ䈮㑐ㅪ䈚䈢 ઀੐ḩ⿷ᐲ䉝䉡䊃䉦䊛㔌⡯ᰳൕ䇮䊒䊧䉷䊮䊁䉞䉵䊛 ∛᳇ભᥜᰳൕ∛᳇⁁ᘒ䈪䈱ൕോ䋯䊒䊧䉷䊮䊁䉞䉵䊛⚻ᷣ⊛䉮䉴䊃
੐᡿䉇ᰳൕ䈮䉋䉎⚻ᷣ⊛䉮䉴䊃䊌䊐䉤䊷䊙䊮䉴䋯↢↥ᕈ઀੐⢻ജ䉝䉶䉴䊜䊮䊃
ኻ╷⹏ଔᓥᬺຬ䈱ෳട

ᓥᬺຬ䈱ஜᐽ䉇઀੐䈮ኻ䈜䉎䉨䊞䊌䉲䊁䉞䈱⹏ଔ੍㒐ⴕേ䋯੺౉
䊥䉴䉪䉝䉶䉴䊜䊮䊃಴ൕ䇮੐᡿䇮∔∛䈱⸥㍳䊶⊓㍳
੐᡿䈭䈬䈱ේ࿃䈱⺞ᩏ
ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛䊥䉴䉪䈱ૐᷫ䈮ะ䈔䈢ኻ╷⥄ਥᕈ䇮䉮䊮䊃䊨䊷䊦䇮⚵❱⾗Ḯ䈱ᡷༀ䈮ะ䈔䈢ኻ╷䉮䊷䊏䊮䉫䉨䊞䊌䉲䊁䉞䇮ᖱႎឭଏ䇮䊃䊧䊷䊆䊮䉫䈱ᡷༀ䈮ะ䈔䈢ኻ╷⡯႐ᓳᏫ䈮ะ䈔䈢ኻ╷ኻ╷ዉ౉䈱ଦㅴⷐ࿃䋯㒖ኂⷐ࿃ኻ╷䋯ᣉ⸳䈱೑↪
ኻ╷䈱᦭ലᕈ
ታᣉ䈘䉏䈢ኻ╷䈱䊒䊨䉶䉴䈱⹏ଔ䊥䉴䉪䉝䉶䉴䊜䊮䊃ⴕേ⸘↹䈱╷ቯ䈫ታᣉ−  −

Leka S, Cox T(✬)‫ޔ‬㜞᧛᣹㧔ᣣᧄ⺆⋙ୃ㧕㧚᰷Ꮊߦ߅

ߌࠆഭ௛ෂᯏ▤ℂ૕೙ߩᚻᒁ߈㧦㓹↪⠪ߣഭ௛⠪ߩઍ⴫ߦኻߔࠆഥ⸒, 2009 ᐕ 5 ᦬,
pp. 23-24
http://www-sdc.med.nagasa
ki-u.ac.jp/gcoe/publicity/pri
ma2009.pdf

ࡑࠢࡠ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߩ᡽╷ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ઀੐ߩ਎⇇ࠍᄌ߃ࠆߩߦᓇ㗀ߔࠆ᡽╷

ࠕ࠙࠻ࠞࡓ
㕟ᣂ

㧔⚻ᷣ㧘౏ⴐⴡ↢㧘ഭ௛Ꮢ႐㧘ㅢ໡᡽╷㧕⚻ᷣ⊛ࡄࡈࠜ
࡯ࡑࡦࠬ઀੐ߩ⾰࡝ࠬࠢ㧒ஜᐽ

⠡⸶㧛੺౉ࡕ࠾࠲࡝ࡦࠣ

᡽╷ࡊ࡜ࡦ

ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
౏ⴐⴡ↢࡮↥ᬺ
ⴡ↢

␠ળ⊛ቇ⠌

᡽╷⹏ଔ

ഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߩ
ᓇ㗀


࿑㧟 PRIMA ࡕ࠺࡞㧦ࡑࠢࡠ࡟ࡌ࡞
Leka S, Cox T(✬)‫ޔ‬㜞᧛᣹㧔ᣣᧄ⺆⋙ୃ㧕㧚᰷Ꮊߦ߅ߌࠆഭ௛ෂᯏ▤ℂ૕೙ߩᚻᒁ߈㧦㓹↪⠪ߣഭ௛⠪ߩઍ⴫ߦኻߔࠆഥ⸒, 2009 ᐕ 5 ᦬, pp. 23-24
http://www-sdc.med.nagasaki-u.ac.jp/gcoe/publicity/prima2009.pdf−  −

⴫㧞 24+/#'( ߦ߅ߌࠆ␠ળᔃℂ⊛࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂߩᜰᮡ㧦ࡑࠢࡠ࡟ࡌ࡞
ಽ㊁᡽ᐭߩ᡽╷߳ߩ⛔ว㓹↪⠪⚵❱㧘߹ߚߪࡆࠫࡀࠬ⚵❱ߩᣇ㊎߳ߩ⛔วഭ௛⚵วߩᣇ㊎߳ߩ⛔
วᏒ᳃࿅૕ߣߩ߿ࠅߣ
ࠅ㧘߹ߚߪࡑࠬࡔ࠺ࠖ
ࠕ߆ࠄߩࡔ࠶࠮࡯ࠫ߳
ߩ⛔วᢎ⢒ߣ࠻࡟࡯࠾ࡦࠣ߳
ߩ⛔วᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࡑࡀ
ࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߦ㑐ࠊࠆਥⷐߥ೑ኂ㑐ଥ⠪

ᜰᮡ࡮ડᬺߢߩᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ࠍᵴᕈൻ㧘߹ߚߪଦߔⴕ᡽੐ᬺߩ೑↪น⢻ᕈ࡮⚵❱߇ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢߦኻಣߔࠆߩࠍᡰេߔࠆߚ߼ߩࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߣචಽߦ
⸠✵ߐࠇߚኾ㐷ኅ㧔࿖ౝ㧕ߩ೑↪น⢻ᕈ࡮ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛໧㗴㧘․ߦ SME ߦኻߒ㧘੍㒐⊛ߥᣇ╷ࠍ⻠ߓࠆߎߣ߳ߩ⚻ᷣ⊛ႎ㈽ߩ೑↪น⢻ᕈ
࡮ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߦขࠅ⚵߻ડᬺߩഀว
࡮ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢߦ㗔ၞ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢขࠅ⚵߻↥ᬺ㗔ၞߩᢙ࡮㓹↪⠪߿ࡆࠫࡀࠬ⚵❱ߦࠃࠅ૞ࠄࠇߚᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߦߟ
޿ߡߩᚻᒁ߈
࡮ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߦߟ޿ߡᢎ⢒ߐࠇߚഭ௛⠪ߩઍ⴫⠪ߩᢙ࡮ഭ௛⚵วߦࠃࠅ૞ࠄࠇߚᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߦߟ޿ߡߩᚻᒁ߈
࡮ࡑࠬࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ߇઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ߥ࡝ࠬࠢ߿໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡᵈᗧࠍᛄ߁㗫ᐲ࡮ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߦߟ޿ߡ⸒෸ߒߚ࿅૕ද⚂ߩᢙ
࡮ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻߿⡯႐ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߩផㅴߦ߅ߌࠆ࿖ኅ
⊛㧔3 ⠪⊛㧕ߥ␠ળ⊛ኻ⹤ߩ࡟ࡌ࡞
࡮ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߦ㑐ਈߔࠆ೑ኂ㑐ଥ⠪㧔߅ࠃ߮ᣂߒ޿࠲ࠗ
ࡊߩ㧕ߩᢙ࡮ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻߳ߩ᳇ߠ߈ࠍ⚵ߺ౉ࠇ㧘৻ᰴ㧘ੑᰴᢎ⢒ߦ߅޿ߡขࠅ਄ߍࠆ
࡮ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ࠍᢎ⢒ౝኈߣߒߡឭଏߒߡ޿ࠆࡆࠫࡀࠬࠬ
ࠢ࡯࡞ߥߤߩഀว
࡮㓹↪⠪߿ࡆࠫࡀࠬදળߦࠃࠅឭ␜ߐࠇࠆᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߦ
㑐ߔࠆㅪ⛯⊛ߥኾ㐷⊛ᚑ㐳ࠦ࡯ࠬ࡮ഭ௛⚵วߦࠃߞߡឭ␜ߐࠇࠆᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߦ㑐ߔࠆㅪ⛯⊛ߥኾ㐷⊛ᚑ㐳ࠦ࡯ࠬ࡮᡽ᐭߣ቟ోⴡ↢࿅૕ߦࠃߞߡឭ␜ߐࠇࠆᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߦ
㑐ߔࠆㅪ⛯⊛ߥኾ㐷⊛ᚑ㐳ࠦ࡯ࠬ࡮቟ోⴡ↢ᬌᩏቭߦࠃߞߡឭଏߐࠇࠆ㧘ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߦ㑐ߔࠆ࠻࡟࡯࠾ࡦࠣ
࡮ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢߩ੍㒐㧔ኾ↪ߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦࠃࠅ㧕ߦ㑐ਈߔࠆ␠ળ଻㓚⚵❱㧔ቭ߹ߚߪ᳃㧕࡮ડᬺߣࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕ࿅૕㧘߹ߚߪᖚ⠪࿅૕ߣߩ㑆ߩឭ៤㧔߹ߚߪ⽷᡽េഥ㧕ߩ㗫ᐲ
࡮ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߣ⡯႐ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬࡊࡠࡕ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍታ
〣ߒߡ޿ࠆડᬺߩᢙ

㧔࿯ደ᡽㓶‫⴫౏ޔ‬Ḱ஻ਛ߆ࠄ㧕−  −

⴫㧟 PRIMA-EF ߦၮߠߊ⧷࿖ⷙᩰදળߦࠃࠆ৻⥸઀᭽ᦠ(Publicly Available Specification, PAS)2010 ߩ᭎ⷐ㧔⧷࿖ⷙᩰදળ HP ߆ࠄ http://shop.bsigroup.com/en/㧕-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------•Scope  ⷞὐ
•Terms and definitions ↪⺆ߣቯ⟵•Psychosocial risk management: overview, policy and key principles ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻㧦᭎ⷐ‫ޔ‬ᣇ㊎߅ࠃ߮㎛ߣߥࠆ᭎ᔨ
•Setting up the psychosocial risk management process ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍ࠮࠶࠻
ࠕ࠶ࡊߔࠆ
•The psychosocial risk management process ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ
•Monitoring performance ࡄࡈࠜ࡯ࡑࡦࠬߩࡕ࠾࠲࡝ࡦࠣ
•Management review ࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻࡮࡟ࡆࡘ࡯
•Statutory requirements and guidelines ᔅⷐ᧦ઙߣࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ
•Work-related stress ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ
•Workplace harassment and third party violence ⡯႐ߩࡂ࡜ࠬࡔࡦ࠻ߣ╙ਃ⠪ߦࠃࠆ᥸ജ
•Developing a policy for the management of psychosocial risks and the prevention of work-related stress  ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢߩࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߣ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩ੍㒐߳ߩᣇ㊎ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆ
•Developing a policy for the prevention and management of workplace harassment ⡯႐ߩࡂ࡜ࠬࡔࡦ࠻ߩ੍
㒐ߣ▤ℂߩߚ߼ߩᣇ㊎ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆ•Examples of psychosocial risk assessment and management tools  ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢߩ⹏ଔߣࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ
࠻ߩ࠷࡯࡞ߩ଀
•List of figures ࿑ߩ৻ⷩ•undefined 㧔ᧂቯ㧕•Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) approach PDCA ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴
•Overview of the psychosocial risk management process ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߩ᭎ⷐ
•Main steps in the psychosocial risk management process ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߩਥ
ⷐߥࠬ࠹࠶ࡊ
•List of tables ⴫ߩ৻ⷩ•undefined 㧔ᧂቯ㧕•Key principles of psychological risk management ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߩਥⷐේೣ
•Psychosocial hazards ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ෂኂⷐ࿃•Key principles of risk assessment ࡝ࠬࠢࠕ࠮ࠬࡔࡦ࠻ߩਥⷐේೣ
•Psychosocial risk management interventions ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߩߚ߼ߩ੺౉
•Key issues for success in psychosocial risk management interventions ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛࡝ࠬࠢࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߩ੺
౉ࠍᚑഞߐߖࠆ㎛ߣߥࠆ੐㗄•Well-designed work ࠃߊ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߐࠇߚ઀੐•Examples of interventions for the prevention and management of harassment at work ⡯႐ߩࡂ࡜ࠬࡔࡦ࠻ߩ
੍㒐߅ࠃ߮▤ℂߩߚ߼ߩ੺౉ߩ଀
•Bibliography ᢥ₂--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------−  −ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲෘ↢ഭ௛⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌ഭ௛቟ో✚ว⎇ⓥ੐ᬺ‫ޟ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᶐㅘᚻᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ‫ޠ‬㧔*ഭ௛৻⥸㧕ਥછ㧦Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ㧕⎇ⓥදജႎ๔ᦠ
⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴
౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 0Q 0Qᶏᄖߩേะ㧔㧕‫⧷ޓ‬࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ
‫ߢ⊛↥↢ޟ‬ஜᐽߥ⡯႐ⅣႺߦࠃࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ㧦㓹↪⠪ะߌࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ‫ޠ‬‫ߢ⊛↥↢ޟ‬ஜᐽߥ⡯႐ⅣႺߦࠃࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ㧦㓹↪⠪ะߌࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ‫ޠ‬⎇ⓥදജ⠪ ᩙጟ ૑ሶ ↥ᬺක⑼ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ⎇ⓥ⑼࡮㒮↢ਥછ⎇ⓥ⠪ Ꮉ਄ ᙗੱ ᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ᢎ᝼
ಽᜂ⎇ⓥ⠪ ႇ  ᣿⚐ ↥ᬺක⑼ᄢቇ↥ᬺකታോ⎇ୃ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯࡮ᢎ᝼
౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 0Q㧔એਅ‫ޔ‬0+%'2*IWKFCPEG㧕ߪ‫⧷ޔ‬࿖଻ஜ⋭㧔6JG&GRCTVOGPVQH*GCNVJ&* ߩⷐ⺧ߩ߽ߣߦ‫ߢ⊛↥↢ޔ‬ஜᐽߥ⡯႐ⅣႺߠߊࠅߦࠃߞߡᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ‫⧷ޔ‬࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴ 0CVKQPCN+PUVKVWVGHQT*GCNVJCPF%NKPKECN'ZEGNNGPEG0+%' ߇‫⑼ޔ‬ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߒߡ‫౉੺↢ⴡⴐ౏ޔ‬ኾ㐷ᆔຬળ㧔6JG2WDNKE*GCNVJ+PVGTXGPVKQPU#FXKUQT[%QOOKVVGG
2*+#%㧕߇⹏ଔߒߚ߁߃ߢ‫ ޔ‬ᐕߦ૞ᚑߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬0+%'2*IWKFCPEG ߪ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߦ߅޿ߡ‫⋥ޔ‬ធ⊛߹ߚߪ㑆ធ⊛ߦ‫ޔ‬ᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߩᓎഀ߿⽿છࠍ߽ߟੱࠍኻ⽎ߦ‫ߢ⊛↥↢ޔ‬ஜᐽߥ⡯႐ⅣႺߦࠃ
ࠆᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߩ  ߟߩឭ⸒ߣ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᔅⷐᕈߣታ〣‫ޔ‬⠨ኤ‫⺖ޔ‬㗴ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᚒ߇࿖ߩ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫ߦ․ޔ‬㓹↪⠪߇⚵❱⊛ߥࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ࠍㅴ߼ࠆ߁߃ߢෳ⠨ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬
JVVRIWKFCPEGPKEGQTIWM2* ߆ࠄ 0+%'㧭㧚ߪߓ߼ߦ
2*IWKFCPEG ࠍ࠳࠙ࡦࡠ࡯࠼ߒ‫ޔ‬⠡⸶‫ߒ⚂ⷐޔ‬௛ߊߎߣߪஜᐽࠍଦㅴߔࠆᵴേߘߩ߽ߩߢ޽
ߚ‫ޕ‬ࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬ല↪ߪታ⸽ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⧷ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬࿖ߢߪ  ਁੱ߽ߩੱ‫઀߇ޘ‬੐ߦ㑐ㅪߒߚࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ‫ޔ‬㧯㧚⚿ᨐਇ቟␹⚻∝‫⟕ߦ∛ߟ߁ޔ‬ᖚߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ
0+%'2*IWKFCPEG ߦߪ‫ޔ‬5 ߟߩឭ⸒ߣ‫ߘޔ‬޿ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬ஜᐽ⊛ߥ௛߈ᣇߣഭ௛⠪ߩஜᐽ߿ߩᔅⷐᕈߣታ〣‫ޔ‬⠨ኤߣታᣉ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥ⺖㗴ߥߤ߇⸥⑔␩ߣߦᛩ⾗ߔࠆߎߣߪ‫↥↢ޔ‬ᕈࠍᡷༀߒ੐ᬺ߿タߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ᧄޕ‬Ⓜߢߪ 5 ߟߩឭ⸒ࠍਛᔃߦⷐ⚂␠ળో૕ߦߣߞߡ‫↪⾌ޔ‬ኻലᨐ߇㜞޿ߎߣ߇ታ⸽
ࠍ⸥ߔ‫ޕ‬
ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ ޕ‬㧚ឭ⸒⧷ ࿖ ࿖ ┙ ක ≮ ᛛ ⴚ ⹏ ଔ ᯏ ᭴ 0CVKQPCN 0+%'2*IWKFCPEG ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᔃߩஜᐽࠍ OGPVCN+PUVKVWVGHQT*GCNVJCPF%NKPKECN'ZEGNNGPEGYGNNDGKPI ߣ๭߮‫⦟ޟ‬ᅢߥੱ㑆㑐ଥࠍ᭴▽ߒߚࠅ
0+%'  ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 0Q‫ߢ⊛↥↢ޟ‬ஜᐽ࿾ၞ␠ળߦ⽸₂ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬୘‫߇ੱޘ‬ẜ࿷ߥ⡯႐ⅣႺߦࠃࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ㧦㓹↪⠪ะߌࠟࠗ ࠳ ࡦ ࠬ ‫ ޠ‬0+%' 2WDNKE *GCNVJ IWKFCPEG  ⢻ജ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛↢↥ᕈ߿ഃㅧᕈࠍિ߫ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ
⁁ᘒߢ޽ࠅ‫⁁ߩߎޔ‬ᘒߪ୘ੱ߇⥄ಽߩ⋡⊛ߣ␠ળ
2TQOQVKPIOGPVCNYGNNDGKPIVJTQWIJRTQFWEVKXG⊛ߥ⋡⊛ࠍᨐߚߒ␠ળߦᓎ┙ߞߡ޿ࠆߣᗵߓࠆ
CPFJGCNVJ[YQTMKPIEQPFKVKQPUIWKFCPEGHQT
ߎߣߦࠃࠅᒝൻߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ߣޠ‬ቯ⟵ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
GORNQ[GTU ߪ‫ޔ‬௛ߊߎߣߩஜᐽ߳ߩ᦭↪ᕈࠍ೨ឭߟ߹ࠅ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߪ⥄ዅᔃߣࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖࠍ⏕ߦߒߡ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߩ‫ޔ‬┙ߔࠆߎߣ‫␠ޔ‬ળߣߩ㑐ଥࠍ᭴▽ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬෼౉⚵❱ో૕ߦኻߔࠆ૕♽⊛ߥࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴߿⹏ଔ‫࡝ޔ‬Ḯߣߒߡ߽㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫઀ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬੐ߦ㑐ࠊࠆࠬ
ࠬࠢ▤ℂߥߤߩᣇᴺߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬㓹↪⠪ะߌߦ␜ߒ
࠻࡟ࠬߪ‫ޟޔ‬ㆊᐲߩࡊ࡟࠶ࠪࡖ࡯߿‫ߩઁޔ‬࿎㔍ߥߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬ⷐ᳞ߦኻߒߡฃߌߚੱ߇␜ߔᜎุ෻ᔕ‫ߣޠ‬ቯ⟵ߐഭ௛⠪ߩ⢻ജࠍ㜞߼‫ޔ‬㓹↪⠪ߦߣߞߡߪ↢↥ᕈࠍࠇ‫ޔ‬ᔃߩஜᐽߦᖡ޿ᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬㜞߼ࠆߣ޿߁‫ޔ‬෺ᣇߦߣߞߡ᦭↪ߢ޽ࠆߣߒߡ޿
ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆߎߣߪ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߦ㑐ࠆ‫ޔߪࠬࡦ࠳ࠗࠟᧄޕ‬㓹↪⠪ߛߌߢߥߊ‫ੱޔ‬੐߹ߔࠆࠬ࠻࡟ࠬࠍシᷫߔࠆߛߌߢߥߊ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߩḩ⿷ߚߪ↥ᬺ଻ஜߩኾ㐷ኅ߿ഭ௛⠪‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⚵วߩઍ⴫ᐲࠍ㜞߼‫↥↢ޔ‬ᕈ߿ᬺ❣ߩะ਄ߥߤ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪߅ࠃ߿৻⥸ߩੱߦ߽⥝๧޽ࠆౝኈߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬߮੐ᬺ߿⚵❱ߩ෺ᣇߦ‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣ⊛ߥ೑⋉ࠍ߽ߚࠄߔ‫ޕ‬ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫ޔ‬0+%'2*IWKFCPEG ࠍ⠡⸶ߔࠆᧄࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߪ‫ޔ‬ᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ߣหᤨߩߘߩ․ᓽࠍᢛℂߒߚ‫ޕ‬࿖ߩᣇ㊎߿㓹↪ߦ߆߆ࠊࠆᄙߊߩᴺ઎㗅቞ࠍࠨࡐ࡯࠻ߒߟߟ‫ޔ‬㓹↪⠪ߦะߌߡ
5 ߟߩឭ⸒ࠍ␜ߒ
㧮㧚⎇ⓥߩᣇᴺ
ߡ޿ࠆ‫߁޿ߢߎߎޕ‬㓹↪⠪ߣߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢⷙᮨ⚵❱ߩ႐
⧷࿖ 0+%' ߩ YGDUKVG−  −

ߦኻᔕߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ⚵❱ᢥൻࠍផㅴߔࠆ‫ޕ‬วߪ‫ᦨޔ‬㜞⚻༡⽿છ⠪ߣᓎຬ‫ੱޔ‬੐⽿છ⠪ߣ਄⚖࡮ ࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯ߪ‫ޔ‬ᨵエߥ௛߈ᣇࠍߒߡ޿ࠆ࠴
ࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯ߥߤ߽฽߹ࠇࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬㔖⚦ડᬺ࡯ࡓࠍ▤ℂߔࠆ⢻ജࠍિ߫ߔᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬߿ዊⷙᮨડᬺߩ႐วߪࠝ࡯࠽࡯⚻༡⠪‫ޔ‬ਛⷙᮨડᬺߩ႐วߪ੐ᬺࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯߇ᜂᒰߔࠆ‫ ࡮ ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ዊⷙᮨ࡮㔖⚦ⷙᮨߩ੐ᬺ߿⚵❱ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬
ߘߩ․ᕈߦᔕߓߡ‫ޔ‬ᨵエߥ௛߈ᣇߦߟ޿ߡߩ
ഭ௛⚵วߣߘߩઁᓥᬺຬ੕ഥ࿅૕߽฽߹ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬⁛⥄ࡕ࠺࡞ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ឭ⸒ 1㧦ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߩᣇ㊎ឭ⸒ 4㧦࡜ࠗࡦࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯ߩᓎഀ
ߣද⺞⊛ߥࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴
࡜ࠗࡦࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯ߣഭ௛⠪ߩ೑⋉ߩߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩ೑⋉ߩߚ߼ߦ‫ⷙࠆࠁࠄ޽ޔ‬ᮨߩ⚵❱࡮޽ࠄࠁࠆⷙᮨߩ⚵❱࡮࿅૕ߩ㓹↪⠪߿ኾ㐷ᯏ㑐߇‫ޔ‬࿅૕ߩ㓹↪⠪߇‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߣද⺞ߒߥ߇ࠄᰴߩߎߣ
ᡰᜬ⊛ߥ࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞߿ࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ
ࠍታᣉߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࠻ࠍㅢߓߡ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ࡜ࠗࡦࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯ߩᓎ࡮ ഭ௛⠪ߩᮭ೑߿ഭ௛᧦ઙߥߤߩ㓹↪ᣇ㊎߿ᣉഀࠍᒝൻߔࠆ‫ޕ‬╷ߦ‫ޔ‬ᔃߩஜᐽផㅴߩ⠨߃ࠍ⚵ߺㄟ߻‫ޕ‬࡮ ෳ↹‫ޔ‬ᆔછ‫ޔ‬ᑪ⸳⊛ߥࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢ‫ࡦࡔޔ‬࡮ ઀੐߿ഭ௛⠪ߩ․ᕈ‫․ߩ❱⚵ޔ‬ᕈࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡ࠲࡝ࡦࠣ߿ࠦ࡯࠴ࡦࠣࠍଦߔࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ࠬ
ផㅴߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࠲ࠗ࡞ࠍផㅴߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ ࠝ࡯ࡊࡦߥࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߣෳ↹ߦၮߠ࡮ ࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯ߩណ↪‫ޔ‬ㆬ೎‫ߦࠣࡦ࠾࡯࡟࠻ޔ‬߈‫ޔ‬ᐔ╬ߢ౏ᐔߥ㘑࿯ߠߊࠅࠍផㅴߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㑐ߔࠆࡐ࡝ࠪ࡯ࠍ᣿⏕ߦߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ ᔃߩஜᐽ໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡߩᏅ೎߿஍⷗ࠍᷫࠄߔ࡮ ࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯߇‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩᬺോㆀⴕ⢻ജ߿⡯ࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬⍮⼂ߣℂ⸃ࠍଦߔ‫ޕ‬ോḩ⿷ߩะ਄߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߥ‫ࡦ࠾࡯࡟࠻ޔ‬࡮ ઀੐ߩ⸳⸘‫ޔ‬ㆬᛯ‫ޔ‬ណ↪‫ޔ‬⢒ᚑ‫ޔ‬ᩏቯߩᣇᴺ
ࠣߣࠨࡐ࡯࠻ࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬ࠍ⏕⹺ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪߇߿ࠅ߇޿ࠍ߽࡮ ߤߩࠃ߁ߥࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞߇ഭ௛⠪ߩߜ‫ޔ‬ഃㅧ⊛ߢ⊒ዷᕈߩ޽ࠆ઀੐ࠍߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߒ‫ᦨࠍࠬ࡟࠻ࠬޔ‬ዊ㒢ߦ⛽ᜬᔅⷐߥᛛⴚߣࠨࡐ࡯࠻ࠍឭଏߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ߔࠆߩߦᓎ┙ߟ߆ߩℂ⸃ࠍଦㅴߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ ᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߩࠨࡐ࡯࠻ࠍฃߌߠ࡮ ࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯߇‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩਇ቟߿ᔃߩஜᐽ໧
ࠄ޿┙႐ߦ޽ࠆഭ௛⠪࿅૕ߢ޽ߞߡ߽‫౏ޔ‬ᐔ㗴ߦኻಣߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ߦෳടߢ߈ࠆᯏળࠍ଻㓚ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ ࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯ߪ‫ޔߦᤨߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ࠍ
ឭ⸒ 2㧦ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽផㅴࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆᯏળߣ
ࠨࡐ࡯࠻ᯏ㑐ߦ⚫੺ߔࠆߩ߆ࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂ࡮ ࠦࡦࡇ࠹ࡦࠪ࡯ߩࡈ࡟࡯ࡓࡢ࡯ࠢࠍ‫ࠫࡀࡑޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩ೑⋉ߩߚ߼ߦ‫ⷙࠆࠁࠄ޽ޔ‬ᮨߩ⚵❱࡮ࡔࡦ࠻᭴▽ߩߚ߼ߩ࠷࡯࡞ߣߒߡ⠨߃‫ޔ‬ഭ௛࿅૕ߩ㓹↪⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽផㅴߣ࡝ࠬࠢ
⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽផㅴߣ࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆ૕
▤ℂࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩࠃ߁ߥ૕♽⊛ߥࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴
♽⊛ߥࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߣߒߡዉ౉ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠍዉ౉ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ឭ⸒ 5㧦ਛዊ㔖⚦੐ᬺߩࠨࡐ࡯࠻࡮ ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍ‫⹏ޔ‬ଔߒࡕ࠾࠲࡝ࡦࠣߔ
ਛዊ㔖⚦੐ᬺߩഭ௛⠪ߣ㓹↪⠪ߩߚ߼ߦ‫࡜ࡊޔ‬ࠆࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍᢛ஻ߔࠆ(ഭ௛⠪ߩᗧ⼂⺞ᩏ߿ࠗࡑ࡝ࠤࠕ࠻࡜ࠬ࠻‫ޔ‬ડᬺߩㇱ㐷ߣ࿖ኅਥዉࡊࡠ
ᰳൕ₸‫ޔ‬㔌⡯₸╬) ‫ޕ‬ࠣ࡜ࡓߢ௛ߊੱ‫ޔ߇╬ޘ‬ᰴߩࠃ߁ߥᵴേࠍߣ߅ߒ࡮ ઀੐ߩ⾰ߣഭ௛᧦ઙߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߦᴺ⊛ߡࠨࡐ࡯࠻ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ߥᮭ೑ࠍਈ߃ࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߦߪ⥄ࠄߩ࡮ ࡊ࡜ࠗࡑ࡝ࠤࠕ࠻࡜ࠬ࠻ߥߤ߇‫ޔ‬ਛዊ㔖⚦ⷙᔃߩஜᐽߦ㈩ᘦߔࠆ⽿છ߇޽ࠆ੐ࠍ⹺⼂ߐߖᮨߩ੐ᬺ⠪ߣදജߒ‫ޔ‬ឭ᩺߿ࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠬߣ᏷
ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᐢ޿ࠨࡐ࡯࠻ߣࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠍⴕߥ߁‫ޕ‬࡮ ஜᐽ቟ోዪ(Health and Safety Executive)ߦࠃࠆ‫ޔ‬࡮ ⚵❱ో૕ߦࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߔࠆᣇᴺࠍ㐿⊒࡮ታⴕ઀੐ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩߚ߼ߩ▤ℂၮḰߩߔࠆߚ߼ߩࠨࡐ࡯࠻߿‫઀ࠆߔࠍࠬࠗࡃ࠼ࠕޔ‬ࡈ࡟࡯ࡓࡢ࡯ࠢࠍ೑↪ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬⚵ߠߊࠅࠍߟߊࠆ㧔࡝ࠬࠢ⹏ଔ‫ੱޔ‬੐ࡑࡀࠫឭ⸒ 3㧦ᨵエߥ௛߈ᣇࡔࡦ࠻‫ߩ࠻ࡦࡔࠫࡀࡑޔ‬ᢎ⢒⸠✵ߣ㐿⊒ߩߚഭ௛⠪ߩ೑⋉ߩߚ߼ߦ‫ⷙࠆࠁࠄ޽ޔ‬ᮨߩ⚵❱࡮߼ߩ࠷࡯࡞ߣᣇᴺ㧕‫ޕ‬࿅૕ߩ㓹↪⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽផㅴߩߚ߼ߦ
㧞㧚౏ⴐⴡ↢਄ߩᔅⷐᕈߣታ〣ᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᨵエߥ௛߈ᣇࠍࠨࡐ࡯࠻ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ௛ߊߎߣ㧔᦭⛎‫ޔ‬ή⛎ߦ㑐ࠊࠄߕ㧕ߪஜᐽࠍଦ࡮ น⢻ߢ޽ࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩⷐᦸߦᔕߓߡ‫࡯ࡄޔ‬ㅴߔࠆᵴേߘߩ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬ല↪ߪታ⸽ߐࠇ
࠻࠲ࠗࡓ೙╬ߩᨵエߥ௛߈ᣇߩᯏળࠍዉ౉ߔ
ߡ޿ࠆ‫⧷ޕ‬࿖ߢߪ 2006 ᐕߣ 2007 ᐕߦߪ 53 ਁੱࠆ‫ޕ‬߽ߩੱ‫઀߇ޘ‬੐ߦ㑐ㅪߒߡ∛⁁ࠍ⸷߃ࠆ࡟ࡌ࡞
࡮ ᨵエߥ௛߈ᣇࠍࠨࡐ࡯࠻ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬߩਇ቟
ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ‫ޔ‬ਇ቟␹⚻∝‫⟕ߦ∛ߟ߁ޔ‬ᖚߒߡ޿ࠆ

−  −

ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬ᨐ‫ߩࡓࠗ࠲࡞ࡈޔ‬ഭ௛ᣣᢙߦ឵▚ߒߡ 1370 ਁഭ௛ᣣᢙಽ߇ᄬࠊࠇߡ޿
ࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ૐᚲᓧ⠪ጀߢߪࠃࠅഠᖡߥഭ௛᧦
ઙߢ޽ࠆ௑ะ߇ᒝߊ‫࠻࡯ࡐࠨޔ‬૕೙߇㒢ቯ⊛ߢ޽ࠆ‫઀ޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬੐ߩ⾰ߣഭ௛᧦ઙࠍᡷༀߔࠆ
ߎߣ߇ஜᐽᩰᏅߩᤚᱜߦߟߥ߇ࠆ‫ޕ‬ஜᐽ⊛ߥ௛߈ᣇߣഭ௛⠪ߩஜᐽ߿⑔␩ߦᛩ⾗ߔࠆߎߣߪ‫↥↢ޔ‬ᕈࠍᡷༀߒ‫ޔ‬੐ᬺ߿␠ળో૕ߦ
ߣߞߡ‫↪⾌ޔ‬ኻലᨐ߇㜞޿ߎߣ߇ታ⸽ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬⎇ⓥߦࠃࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᚑഞߒߡ޿ࠆ⚵❱ߢߪஜᐽ⊛ߥ⡯
႐ⅣႺ߇หߓࠃ߁ߥ․ᓽࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆߣႎ๔ߐ
ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬3㧚౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ኾ㐷ᆔຬળߦࠃࠆ⹏ଔ
౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ኾ㐷ᆔຬળ㧔6JG2WDNKE*GCNVJ+PVGTXGPVKQPU#FXKUQT[%QOOKVVGG2*+#%㧕ߪ 5ߟߩឭ⸒ࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆ㓙ߦ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩⷐ࿃ߣ⺖㗴ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚ‫ޕ‬
1㧕NICE PH guidance 22 ߪ‫ޔ‬௛ߊߎߣߩ᦭↪ߥᓎഀߦὶὐࠍ޽ߡߡ޿ࠆߚ߼‫ߦߢߔޔ‬ᖠߺࠍᛴ߃
ߡ޿ߚࠅ‫ޔ‬ᔃߩஜᐽ໧㗴ߩೋᦼ∝⁁߿ᓽ୥߇޽
ࠆഭ௛⠪ߩ▤ℂ߿ᴦ≮ߦߪᵈ⋡ߒߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬
2㧕઀੐ߣ⡯႐ⅣႺߪᄙ᭽ߢ޽ࠆߚ߼‫ߩߎޔ‬ឭ⸒ߪᨵエߦታᣉߒߡ޿߆ߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬
3㧕ഭ௛ߩᄙ᭽ൻߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬Ꮕ೎ߦࠃࠆࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩ
น⢻ᕈ߇Ⴧടߔࠆ╬‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߦ
ߪᄙߊߩⷐ࿃߇㑐ਈߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
4㧕ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍ቞ࠆኻ╷ߪ‫ޔ‬੐ᬺ߿⚵❱߇㐳ᦼ⊛ߥᬺ❣ࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߚ߼ߩ⢻ജ޽ࠆࠬ࠲࠶ࡈࠍ଻᦭ߔࠆߎߣߦ⽸₂ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
5㧕⚵❱ో૕߳ߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߩലᨐߣ⾌↪ኻലᨐߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ታ↪⊛ߢ⾰߇㜞޿⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚߇㒢ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ో❱⚵ޕ‬૕߳ߩࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߪ‫ޔ‬વ⛔⊛ߥ⚻㛎ߦ߽ߣߠߊ⹏ଔ߿♽⛔⊛ߥ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯߇
޽ߡߪ߹ࠄߥ޿ߚ߼‫ޔ‬ᨵエߥ⹏ଔᣇᴺ߇ᔅⷐߢ
޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
4㧚ታᣉ
ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬0+%'2*
IWKFCPEG ߪ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩੱ‫ޕࠆߔ࠻࡯ࡐࠨࠍޘ‬࡮ ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߒ‫ޔ‬ᡷༀߔࠆోߡߩ
ⷙᮨߩ㓹↪⠪ߣㇱ㐷‫ޕ‬࡮ ഭ௛⠪ߩஜᐽࠍ଻⼔ߔࠆᴺ⊛ߥ⽿ോࠍ᦭ߔࠆ
㓹↪⠪‫ޕ‬࡮ ⡯႐ߢߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆഭ௛⠪߹ߚߪߘߩઍ⴫‫ޕ‬࡮ ‫ޟ‬ஜᐽჇㅴ߳ߩၮḰ‫⸥ߦޠ‬タߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ౏ⴐ
ⴡ↢ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⧷࿖଻ஜ⋭ၮḰߦว⥌ߔࠆ࿖┙ஜᐽჇㅴዪߩ⚵❱‫ޕ‬࡮ ⧷࿖଻ஜ⋭ߩ‫ޟ‬ㆇ↪ߩᨒ⚵ߺ 2008/09‫ޟߣޠ‬ㆇ↪ߩᨒ⚵ߺ 2008/09㧙2010/11‫޿ߡࠇߐ␜ߦޠ‬ࠆⷐ᳞ߦว⥌ߔࠆ࿖┙ஜᐽჇㅴዪ‫␠ޔ‬ળක≮ߣሶଏࠨ࡯ࡆࠬㇱ㐷‫ޕ‬࡮ ࿾ၞ␠ળ࡮࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ⋭ߩ‫ޟ‬࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕ߣ࿾ᣇ

⥄ᴦ૕ࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊߣߩᣂߒ޿ᒻߩදജ
ᨒ⚵ߺ‫⸥ޠ‬タߩⷐ᳞ߦว⥌ߔࠆ࿖┙ஜᐽჇㅴዪ‫␠ޔ‬ળක≮ߣሶଏࠨ࡯ࡆࠬㇱ㐷‫ޕ‬࡮ ஜᐽჇㅴߣஜᐽᩰᏅࠍᤚᱜߔࠆߚ߼ߩ࿖ߩᜰ
ᮡߣ⋡⊛ߦว⥌ߔࠆ౏౒ㇱ㐷ߩ࿖ኅᯏ㑐ߣ࿾ᣇⴕ᡽ᯏ㑐‫ޕ‬࡮ ࿾ၞ␠ળߩ⚻ᷣ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⑔␩‫ޔ‬ⅣႺᢛ஻ࠍផㅴ
ߔࠆᮭ㒢ࠍ㆐ᚑߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕‫ޕ‬࡮ ౝኈ߇᣿⏕ߥࠦࠬ࠻೥ᷫ‫ߩ⽶ޔ‬ᛩ⾗߿⾗Ḯߩ
⒖ⴕߩᯏળߥߤߦࠃࠅᕲᕺࠍᓧࠆ࿖┙ஜᐽჇㅴዪߩ࿾ᣇዪ‫ޔ‬࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕ߣߘߩઁߩ࿾ᣇ౏
౒ㇱ㐷ࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯⚵❱‫ޕ‬D㧚⠨ኤ
0+%'2*IWKFCPEG ߪ‫ߢ⊛↥↢ޔ‬ஜᐽߥ⡯႐
ⅣႺߠߊࠅߦࠃࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬㓹↪⠪ะߌߦ૞ᚑߐࠇߚ‫ޟޔߪࠬࡦ࠳ࠗࠟᧄޕ‬௛ߊߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߦߣߞߡ‫ޔ‬ஜᐽࠍଦㅴߔࠆᵴേ
ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޟߡߒߘޔߣߎޠ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩஜᐽ߿⑔␩ߦᛩ
⾗ߔࠆߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬੐ᬺ߿␠ળో૕ߦ᦭ലߢ޽ࠆ‫ߣޠ‬޿߁ᩮ᜚ࠍ೨ឭߦ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪෸߮㓹↪⠪ߩ෺ᣇߦߣ
ߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
0+%'2*IWKFCPEG ߩ  ߟߩឭ⸒ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᐔ╬ߢ౏ᐔߥ㘑࿯ߠߊࠅߩផㅴ߿‫ޔ‬㓹↪ᣇ㊎߿ੱ੐ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ⏕⹺‫ޔ‬ᨵエߥ௛߈ᣇߩᯏળࠍዉ౉ߔࠆߎ
ߣߥߤ‫․ߩ❱⚵ޔ‬ᕈࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚ૕♽⊛ߥࠕࡊࡠ࡯
࠴ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ഭ௛⠪ోຬߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍ
ផㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߣද⺞ߒߡ௛߈߆ߌࠆ
ߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߛߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߡߒߘޕ‬ᔃߩஜᐽផㅴ
ࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆᯏળߣ࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂ߿‫ࠫ࡯ࡀࡑࡦࠗ࡜ޔ‬ࡖ࡯ߩᓎഀߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ౕޔ‬૕⊛ߥᣇᴺࠍ␜ߒߡ޿
ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᅢ߹ߒߊߥ޿ഭ௛᧦ઙߢ௛ߊߎߣߩᄙ޿ૐᚲ
ᓧ⠪ጀ߿‫࠻࡯ࡐࠨޔ‬૕೙߇㒢ቯ⊛ߥࡄ࡯࠻࠲ࠗࡓ
ഭ௛⠪߿ਛዊ㔖⚦ߩ⚵❱߿੐ᬺߦߟ޿ߡ߽‫ޔ‬࿾ၞ␠ળߩ᭽‫⾗ߥޘ‬Ḯࠍ೑↪ߒߡ‫౏ޔ‬ᐔߢ᏷ᐢ޿ࠨ࡯
ࡆࠬࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣߢ‫␠ޔ‬ળᩰᏅߩᤚᱜࠍᕁᘦߒ
ߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
0+%'2*IWKFCPEG ߪ‫ޔ‬ᚒ߇࿖ߩ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫ߦ․ޔ‬㓹↪⠪߇⚵❱⊛ߥࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ࠍㅴ߼ࠆ߁߃ߢෳ⠨ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬㧱㧚⚿⺰౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 0Q㧔એਅ‫ޔ‬0+%'2*
IWKFCPEG㧕ߪ‫⧷ޔ‬࿖଻ஜ⋭㧔6JG&GRCTVOGPVQH
*GCNVJ&* ߩⷐ⺧ߩ߽ߣߦ‫ߢ⊛↥↢ޔ‬ஜᐽߥ⡯
႐ⅣႺߠߊࠅߦࠃߞߡᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒ ߡ ‫ ⧷ ޔ‬࿖ ࿖ ┙ ක ≮ ᛛ ⴚ ⹏ ଔ ᯏ ᭴ 0CVKQPCN+PUVKVWVGHQT*GCNVJCPF%NKPKECN'ZEGNNGPEG
0+%' ߇‫⑼ޔ‬ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߒߡ‫ⴐ౏ޔ‬ⴡ ↢ ੺ ౉ ኾ 㐷 ᆔ ຬ ળ 㧔 6JG 2WDNKE *GCNVJ+PVGTXGPVKQPU#FXKUQT[%QOOKVVGG2*+#%㧕߇−  −

⹏ଔߒߚ߁߃ߢ‫ ޔ‬ᐕߦ૞ᚑߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬0+%'2*
IWKFCPEG ߪ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߦ߅޿ߡ‫⋥ޔ‬ធ⊛߹ߚߪ㑆ធ⊛ߦ‫ޔ‬ᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߩᓎഀ߿⽿છࠍ߽ߟੱࠍኻ⽎ߦ‫ߢ⊛↥↢ޔ‬ஜᐽߥ⡯႐ⅣႺߦࠃࠆᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߩ  ߟߩឭ⸒ߣ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᔅⷐᕈߣታ〣‫ޔ‬⠨ኤ‫⺖ޔ‬㗴ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᚒ߇࿖ߩ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫․ޔ‬ߦ㓹↪⠪߇⚵❱⊛ߥࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ࠍㅴ߼ࠆ߁߃ߢ
ෳ⠨ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬㧲㧚ஜᐽෂ㒾ᖱႎ ⹥ᒰߖߕ‫ޕ‬㧳㧚⎇ⓥ⊒⴫
ߥߒ㧴㧚⍮⊛⽷↥ᮭߩ಴㗿࡮⊓㍳⁁ᴫ㧔੍ቯࠍ฽߻㧕 ⹥ᒰߖߕ‫ޕ‬−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ
⚻ᷣᕈ⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴

⊒ⴕᣣ㧦2009 ᐕ 11 ᦬↢↥⊛ߢஜᐽߥ⡯႐ⅣႺߦࠃ
ࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ
㧦㓹↪⠪ะߌࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22

Page 1 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22↢↥⊛ߢஜᐽߥ⡯႐ⅣႺߦࠃࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ㧦㓹↪⠪ะߌࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ
ࠝ࡯࠳࡯ᖱႎ
࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻ www.nice.org.uk/PH22 ߆ࠄਅ⸥ߩᢥ₂ࠍ࠳࠙ࡦࡠ࡯࠼಴᧪߹ߔ‫ޕ‬x NICE guidance (ߎߩᢥᦠ) ߢ‫ޔ‬ឭ⸒ߩోᢥ‫ޔ‬૞ᚑߐࠇߚ⚻✲‫⑼ߡߒߘޔ‬ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߣߥࠆᖱႎ߇㒝ೣߒߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩ‫ޕ‬x ኾ㐷ኅะߌߣ৻⥸ะߌߩࠢࠗ࠶ࠢࠟࠗ࠼‫ޕ‬x ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߩ⹏ଔ߿ක≮⚻ᷣቇ⊛ߥಽᨆࠍ฽߻೽⺒ᧄ‫ޕ‬ࠢࠗ࠶ࠢࠟࠗ࠼ߩශ೚‛ࠍ౉ᚻߐࠇߚ޿ᣇߪ NICE ಴ ⺖ 0845 003 7783 ߦ㔚⹤ߔࠆ߆ publications@nice.org.uk ߦ E-ࡔ࡯࡞ߒᵈᢥ⇟ภ N2009 ࠍ⸥ߒߡਅߐ޿‫ޕ‬
ߎߩࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߪ‫ޔ‬NICE ߇⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߒ‫ߩ߽ߚߒ⸥ࠍ⸃⷗ޔ‬ߢߔ‫ޕ‬࿖᳃଻ஜࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ‫ޔ‬࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕‫ޔ‬࿖᳃৻⥸‫ޔ‬NPO ⻉࿅૕‫ޔ‬᳃㑆ડᬺߦᓥ੐ߔࠆ⠪ߪోߡ੐ᬺ߿ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ‫ߩߤߥࠕࠖ࠹ࡦ࡜ࡏޔ‬ታᣉߦ޽ߚࠅ‫ߩߎޔ‬ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬౝኈࠍ⠨ᘦߖߨ߫ߥࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߩታᣉߪ‫࡯࠽࡚ࠪ࠶ࡒࠦ࡞ࠞ࡯ࡠޔ‬㧔ᅚ₺㒨ਅ߇છ๮ߔࠆ࿾
ᣇⴕ᡽ᯏ㑐ߩ⧰ᖱಣℂㇱዪ㧕‫࡯࠳ࠗࡃࡠࡊ࡞ࠞ࡯ࡠ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬㧔࿾ᣇⴕ᡽ᯏ㑐ߩ⧰ᖱಣℂㇱዪ㧕߇⽿છࠍᜬߜ߹ߔ‫ࡊ࡞ࠞ࡯ࡠߣ࡯࠽࡚ࠪ࠶ࡒࠦ࡞ࠞ࡯ࡠޕ‬ࡠࡃࠗ࠳࡯ߪ㆑ᴺߥᏅ೎ࠍήߊߒ‫ޔ‬ᯏળဋ╬ࠍଦㅴߔࠆ⡯ോࠍ〯߹߃‫⃻ޔ‬႐ߩ⁁ᴫߦᔕߓߡߎߩࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬࠍታᣉߔࠆ⽿છ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬⡯ോߩㆩ቞ࠍ㒖ኂߔࠆࠃ߁ߥⴕὑߦࠃߞߡ‫߇ࠬࡦ࠳ࠗࠟߩߎޔ‬೎ߩౝኈߦ⸃㉼ߐࠇߡߪߥࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴
MidCity Place
71 High Holborn
London
WC1V 6NA
www.nice.org.uk© National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2009. ήᢿォタ⑌ᱛ‫ᧄޕ‬ᢥᦠߪᢎ⢒⋡⊛ߣ㕖༡೑⋡⊛ߢⶄ౮૶↪ߒߡ߽᭴޿߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬༡೑࿅૕ߦࠃࠆⶄ౮߿༡೑࿅૕߳ߩⶄ౮߿༡
೑⋡⊛ߩⶄ౮ߪห⹏ଔᯏ᭴ߩᢥᦠߦࠃࠆหᗧ߇ή޿㒢ࠅ⑌ᱛߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ߎߩ⠡⸶ߪ‫ޔ‬ᩙጟ૑ሶ‫ޔ‬Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ‫ޔ‬ႇ ᣿⚐ߦࠃࠅᐔᚑ 22 ᐕᐲෘ↢ഭ௛⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌ഭ௛቟ో✚ว⎇ⓥ੐ᬺ‫ޟ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᶐㅘᚻᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ‫ޠ‬㧔H21-ഭ௛-৻⥸-001㧕ਥછ㧦Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ㧕ߩ৻Ⅳߣߒߡ૞ᚑߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⠡⸶ߦߟ޿ߡ
⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴ߩᛚ⹺ࠍᓧߚ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿ὐߦ⇐ᗧߐࠇߚ޿(2011 ᐕ 3 ᦬)‫ޕ‬

Page 2 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ

ߪߓ߼ߦ
The Department of Health (DH)⧷࿖଻ஜ⋭ߪ National Institute for Health andClinical Excellence (NICE) ⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴ߦ‫ߢ⊛↥↢ޔ‬ஜᐽߥ⡯
႐ⅣႺߠߊࠅߦࠃߞߡᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߩ૞
ᚑࠍⷐ⺧ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߪ⡯႐ߦ߅޿ߡ‫⋥ޔ‬ធ⊛߹ߚߪ㑆ធ⊛ߦᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆ
ߚ߼ߩᓎഀ߿⽿છࠍ߽ߟੱࠍኻ⽎ߦ૞ᚑߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޔߪߦࠇߎޕ‬੐ᬺ߿⚵❱ߩⷙᮨ‫ޔ‬࿅૕߇౏౒߆᳃㑆߆㕖༡೑߆ߦ㑐ࠊࠄߕోߡߩഭ௛⠪ߣઍ⴫߇฽
߹ࠇ߹ߔ‫ੱޔߚ߹ޕ‬੐߹ߚߪ↥ᬺ଻ஜߩኾ㐷ኅ߿ഭ௛⠪ഭ௛⚵วߩઍ⴫‫৻ޔ‬⥸ߩੱߦ߽⥝๧޽ࠆ߽ߩߦߥࠆߢߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߪ NICE ⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴ߩ‫ޟ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆஜᐽߠ
ߊࠅߣ⑌ᾍߩផㅴߣ߁ߟ∛ߩኻ╷ߦ㑐ߔࠆࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ‫⵬ࠍޠ‬ቢߔࠆ߽ߩߢ
޽ࠅ߹ߔ߇Ꮕߒᦧ߃ߔࠆ߽ߩߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬㧔ᦝߥࠆ⹦⚦ߪ╙ 7 ┨ࠍߏෳᾖߊߛߐ޿㧕
The Public Health Interventions Advisory Committee (PHIAC) ౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ኾ㐷ᆔຬળߪ‫⑼ޔ‬ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߩ⹏ଔ‫ޔ‬ක≮⚻ᷣቇ⊛ಽᨆ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ኅߩഥ⸒‫࡯࠹ࠬޔ‬ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯㧔㑐ଥ⠪㧕ߩᗧ⷗‫ޔ‬ታ࿾⺞ᩏߥߤߩ⹏ଔࠍ〯߹߃ߡឭ⸒ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
PHIAC ౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ኾ㐷ᆔຬળ ߩ᭴ᚑࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߪઃ㍳ A ߦ࡝ࠬ࠻ߐࠇߡ޿
߹ߔ‫ࠍࠬࡦ࠳ࠗࠟߩߎޕ‬૞ᚑߔࠆߩߦ૶↪ߐࠇߚᣇᴺߩ৻ⷩߪઃ㍳ B ߦ޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᢥᦠࠍḰ஻ߔࠆߩߦෳ⠨ߦߒߚᢥᦠߩ৻ⷩߪઃ㍳ E ߦ޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ታ࿾⺞ᩏ࠺࡯࠲ߣ⺞ᩏᵴേౝኈߘߒߡࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯ߩᗧ⷗ߣࠍ฽߻⹦⚦ߥ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߣߩᾖวߪ NICE ߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻ࠍߏෳᾖߊߛߐ޿‫ߦ࠻ࠗࠨޕ‬ߪࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯ߩ৻ⷩߣ‫ޔ‬NICE ⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴ߩࠨࡐ࡯࠻ࡊ
ࡠ࠮ࠬߣᣇᴺߩࡑ࠾ࡘࠕ࡞߽޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ߪࠬ࡟࠼ࠕߩ࠻ࠗࠨࡉࠚ࠙ޕ‬www.nice.org.uk ߢߔ‫ޕ‬

Page 3 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ
ߎߩࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߪ NICE ߩ౏ⴐⴡ↢⊛ߥ੺౉ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍㅢߒߡ૞ᚑߐࠇ߹ߒ
ߚ‫ޕ‬Page 4 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ

⋡ᰴߪߓ߼ߦ .......................................................................................................... 3⋡ᰴ.................................................................................................................. 5
1 ឭ⸒ .......................................................................................................... 6
2 ౏ⴐⴡ↢਄ߩᔅⷐᕈߣታ〣 ..................................................................... 15
3 ⠨ኤ ........................................................................................................ 16
4 ታᣉ ........................................................................................................ 17
5 ⎇ⓥ⺖㗴ߩឭ⸒ ....................................................................................... 18
6 ឭ⸒ߩᦝᣂ .............................................................................................. 19
7 NICE ⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴ ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ࡝ࠬ࠻ ............ 19
8 ෳ⠨ᢥ₂ ................................................................................................. 20
ઃ㍳ A 㧦 ........................................................................................................ 23౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ኾ㐷ᆔຬળ‫⧷ޔ‬࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴ ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻࠴࡯ࡓߣ
ᄖㇱᯏ㑐 ........................................................................................................ 23
ઃ㍳ B㧦ᧄࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ૞ᚑߦ૶↪ߒߚᣇᴺߩ᭎ⷐ ........................................ 28
ઃ㍳ C㧦⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ ....................................................................................... 37
ઃ㍳ D㧦⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߩ⋧㆑ ............................................................................ 42
ઃ㍳ E㧦 㑐ㅪᢥᦠ㧔⸃⺑ᢥᦠ㧕 .................................................................... 43

Page 5 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ

1ឭ⸒

ᧄᦠߪ NICE ⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴ߦࠃࠆ౏ᑼߥࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߢ޽ࠅ‫↢ޔ‬↥⊛ߢஜᐽߥ⡯႐ⅣႺߦࠃࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ឭ⸒૞ᚑߦ޽ߚࠅ PHIAC ౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ኾ㐷ᆔຬળ (ઃ㍳ A ෳᾖ) ߇᦭ലᕈ㧔ታ࿾⺞ᩏ࠺࡯࠲ߣࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯ߩᗧ⷗߽฽߻㧕ࠍ⠨ኤߒ߹ߒߚ‫⚦⹦ޕ‬ౝኈߦߟ޿
ߡߪ www.nice.org.uk/PH22 ߦ޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
ᧄឭ⸒ߩ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߣߥࠆႎ๔ߪઃ㍳ C ߦ޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߩ⹏ଔ‫⑼ޔ‬ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߣߥࠆႎ๔ᦠ㧔ᢥ₂㧕‫ޔ‬ක≮⚻ᷣቇ⊛ಽᨆߥߤߦߟ޿ߡߪ www.nice.org.uk/PH22 ࠍߏෳᾖߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬
PHIAC ౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ኾ㐷ᆔຬળ߇ផᅑߒߡ޿ࠆኻ╷ߪ⾌↪ኻലᨐ߇㜞޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ផᅑߐࠇࠆኻ╷ߣታ〣਄ߩ໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡߪ╙ 5 ┨ߣઃ㍳ D
ࠍߘࠇߙࠇߏෳᾖߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬࿖ߩᣇ㊎ߣᣉ╷ߎߩࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߪ‫ޔ‬㑐ㅪߔࠆ࿖ߩᣇ㊎ߣࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߩታᣉߣ‫ޔ‬㓹↪⠪ߩ㈩ᘦ
⟵ോࠍ฽߻‫ޔ‬㓹↪ߦ㑐ࠊࠆᄙߊߩᴺ઎㗅቞ࠍࠨࡐ࡯࠻ߔࠆ߽ߩߢߔ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᴺ઎ߣߪᰴߩߣ߅ࠅߢߔ‫ޕ‬٧ ‫ޟ‬ஜᐽ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߣ࠙ࠚ࡞ࡆ࡯ࠗࡦࠣ㧕‫ޠ‬㧔(⧷࿖ഭ௛ᐕ㊄⋭ 2005; 2008).
٧ ‫⧷ޟ‬࿖ߩഭ௛⠪߇‫ޔ‬዁᧪‫ࠅࠃޔ‬ஜᐽߦ௛ߌࠆߚ߼ߩ Dame Carol Black ᳁ߩᡷᱜ᩺‫ޠ‬㧔⧷࿖ഭ௛⠪ᐕ㊄⋭ߣ⧷࿖଻ஜ⋭ 2009 ᐕ㧕٧ ‫ޟ‬ᔃߩஜᐽߣ㓹↪ᣇ╷‫ޠ‬㧔⧷࿖ഭ௛⠪ᐕ㊄⋭ߣ⧷࿖଻ஜ⋭ 2009 ᐕ㧕

Page 6 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ٧ 㓹↪ᯏળߩဋ╬‫ޔ‬Ꮕ೎᠗ᑄ‫ޔ‬቟ోⴡ↢‫ޔ‬಴↥ભᥜߣ⢒ఽભᥜ߅ࠃ߮ᨵエߥൕോ೙ᐲߩ޽ࠆ⡯႐ⅣႺߦ㑐ߔࠆᴺᓞ1‫ޕ‬ᦝߦ‫ޔ‬ஜᐽ଻ஜዪߦࠃࠆᬺോ㑐ㅪࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩ▤ℂၮḰߪ‫ࠍࠬࡦ࠳ࠗࠟߩߎޔ‬ታᣉߔࠆ㓙ߦ᦭ലߥᚻᲑߣߥࠅ߃ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎ2‫ޕ‬ߥߗ઀੐ߪ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽߦߣߞߡ㊀ⷐߥߩߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫ߎߩࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߢߪᔃߩஜᐽࠍᰴߩࠃ߁ߦቯ⟵ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬ᔃߩஜᐽߣߪ‫ޔ‬๟ࠅߩੱ㆐ߣߩ⦟ᅢߥੱ㑆㑐ଥࠍ᭴▽ߒߚࠅ࿾ၞ␠ળߦ⽸₂ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬୘‫ߩࠄ⥄߇ੱޘ‬ẜ࿷⢻ജ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛↢↥ᕈ‫ޔ‬ഃㅧᕈࠍિ߫
ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ⁁ᘒߢ޽ࠆ‫⁁ߩߎޕ‬ᘒߪ‫ޔ‬୘ੱ߇⥄ಽߩ⋡⊛ߣ␠ળ⊛ߥ⋡⊛ࠍᨐߚߒ‫␠ޔ‬ળߦᓎ┙ߞߡ޿ࠆߣᗵߓࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅᒝൻߐࠇࠆ‫ޠ‬3 ‫ޕ‬઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߪ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺ߿઀੐ߩ․ᕈߣ୘ੱߣߩ⋧੕૞↪ߢ᳿߹ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
઀੐ߪ‫ޔ‬ᔃߩஜᐽࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒ߹ߔߒ‫⥄ޔ‬ዅᔃߣࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖࠍ⏕┙ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ߽㊀ⷐߥ߽ߩߢߔ‫઀ޕ‬੐ߪల⿷ᗵࠍਈ߃ࠆ
߽ߩߢ‫␠ޔ‬ળߣߩ㑐ଥࠍ▽ߊ߈ߞ߆ߌߢ߽޽ࠅ߹ߔߒ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩੱߦߣߞߡߪ
ਥߚࠆ෼౉Ḯߢߔ‫ޕ‬৻ᣇߢ઀੐ߪࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߣ޿߁ᒻߢᔃߩஜᐽߦᖡ޿ᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠅ߹
ߔ‫઀ޕ‬੐ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߪ‫ޟ‬ㆊᐲߩࡊ࡟࠶ࠪࡖ࡯߿‫ߩઁޔ‬࿎㔍ߥⷐ᳞ߦኻߒߡੱ߇␜ߔᜎุ෻ᔕ(ᜎ⛘෻ᔕ)4‫ߣޠ‬ቯ⟵ߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ߣᤨߪ࡯ࡖࠪ࠶࡟ࡊޕ‬1⧷࿖᡽ᐭ (1996) 㓹↪ᮭ೑ᴺ [㨿㩧㩡㨼㩧]‫ߪࠫ࡯ࡍࡉࠚ࠙ޕ‬www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1996/Ukpga_19960018_en_1
⧷࿖᡽ᐭ(2005) り૕㓚ኂ⠪࡮Ꮕ೎᠗ᑄᴺ[㨿㩧㩡㨼㩧]‫ߪࠫ࡯ࡍࡉࠚ࠙ޕ‬www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2005/ukpga_20050013_en_1
⧷࿖᡽ᐭ(2006) ዞᬺኅᣖᴺ [㨿㩧㩡㨼㩧]‫ߪࠫ࡯ࡍࡉࠚ࠙ޕ‬www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2006/pdf/ukpga_20060018_en.pdf
2ஜᐽ଻ஜዪ (2008a) ഭ௛㑐ㅪ▤ℂၮḰ‫ ߪࠫ࡯ࡍࡉࠚ࠙ޕ‬www.hse.gov.uk/stress/3ࡔࡦ࠲࡞࡮ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞㧔♖␹⊛⾗Ḯ㧕ߣ࠙ࠚ࡞ࡆ࡯ࠗࡦࠣ࡮ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩዷᦸ㧔2008㧕ᦨ⚳ႎ๔ᦠ‫ࡦ࠼ࡦࡠޕ‬㧦᡽ᐭ⑼ቇዪ
4ஜᐽ଻ஜዪ (2004)‫ ޟ‬⡯႐ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬࠍᷫࠄߔߚ߼ߩද௛㧦ഭ௛⠪㓹↪⠪↪ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ‫ޠ‬㧔㨿㩧㩡㨼㩧㧕‫ ߪࠫ࡯ࡍࡉࠚ࠙ޕ‬www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg424.pdf

Page 7 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ
ߒߡഭ௛⠪ߩࡕ࠴ࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ㧔േᯏઃߌ㧕߿ᚑ❣ߩะ਄ߦߟߥ߇ࠆ႐ว߽޽
ࠅ߹ߔ߇‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪߇⥄ಽߢኻಣߢ߈ࠆ࡟ࡌ࡞ࠍ⿥߃ߚࡊ࡟࠶ࠪࡖ࡯ߩ႐วߦ
ߪ‫߁޿ߣࠬ࡟࠻ࠬޔ‬ᒻߢᖡ޿ᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᔃߩஜᐽߦᖡ޿ᓇ㗀ࠍ߽ߚࠄߔࠃ߁ߥഭ௛ⅣႺߢߪ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߪචಽߥⵙ㊂߿ࠨࡐ࡯࠻ࠍਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆߎߣߥߊ‫ޔ‬ㆊᄢߥ઀੐ߩ⽶⩄ࠍฃߌߡ޿߹ߔ‫ⷐޕ‬᳞ߐࠇࠆഭജߣߘࠇߦኻᔕߔࠆႎ㈽ߣߩਇဋⴧ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚᤨߦࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ߳
ߣߟߥ߇ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ㇱਅ▤ℂ(ࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻)ߦ⿠࿃ߔࠆਇᒰߥಣㆄߣਇ౏ᐔᗵ
߿‫ޔ‬୘ੱ⊛ߥੱ㑆㑐ଥ߽ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬࠍჇ߿ߒ‫ޔ‬ᔃߩஜᐽࠍ៊ߥ߁ⷐ࿃ߣߥࠅ߹
ߔ‫ޔߪߦઁߩߘޕ‬ᳪᨴ‛⾰‫ޔ‬㛍㖸‫‛ߩߤߥߺߏ߿ࠅߎ߶ޔ‬ℂ⊛ⷐ࿃߽‫࠻ࠬޔ‬࡟ࠬࠍჇടߐߖࠆේ࿃ߦߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߪ∛᳇ߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ߇‫ޔ‬㐳ᒁߊࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߪਇ቟␹⚻∝߿߁ߟ∛ߩࠃ߁ߥ♖␹∔ᖚߛߌߢߥߊᔃ⤳∛‫ޔ‬⣶∩‫ޔ‬㗡∩ߩࠃ߁ߥり૕⊛∔ᖚߦ߽㑐ㅪߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⎇ⓥߢ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ߥߗ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽߪ‫↥↢ߩ❱⚵ޔ‬ᕈ߿ᬺ❣ߦߣߞߡ㊀ⷐߥߩߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩᏫዻᗧ⼂ߣ઀੐ߩḩ⿷ᗵࠍ㜞߼‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩ⏕଻‫↥↢ޔ‬ᕈߣᬺ❣ߩะ਄‫ࡓ࠭࡯ࠖ࠹ࡦ࠮ࡉࠕߡߒߘޔ‬㧔Ᏹ⠌⊛ᰳൕ㧕ߩૐᷫߦࠃࠅ੐ᬺ߿⚵❱ߦ⚻ᷣ⊛ߥ೑⋉ࠍ߽ߚࠄߒ߹ߔ㧔⹦⚦ߪ⣉ᵈߩታ଀ࠍෳᾖ5)‫ޕ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽ໧㗴ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆࠦࠬ࠻ߪ‫ޔ‬੐ᬺ߿⚵❱ߩㆇ༡ߦߣߞߡ㊀ⷐߥ⺖㗴ߢߔ‫∛ޔߪ࠻ࠬࠦߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᰳ߿ᣧᦼㅌ⡯‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩ㔌⡯‫ޔ‬ណ↪߿ᢎ⢒߇Ⴧടߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠆഭ௛៊ᄬߦ㑐ㅪߒߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠄߢߔ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇߢ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߩ޽ࠆႎ๔ߢߪ‫߿ࠬ࡟࠻ࠬޔ‬ᔃߩஜᐽ໧㗴ࠍᛴ߃ߡ޿ࠆഭ௛⠪ߪ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߩࡄࡈࠜ࡯ࡑࡦࠬ(ᬺോㆀⴕ⢻ജ)߇ૐ޿ߚ߼↢↥ᕈ߇ૐਅߔࠆߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦ
ஜᐽ቟ోዪ (2008a) ‫ޟ‬ഭ௛㑐ㅪࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩ▤ℂၮḰ‫ޠ‬㧔㨿㩧㩡㨼㩧㧕‫ߪࠬ࡟࠼ࠕࡉࠚ࠙ޕ‬www.hse.gov.uk/stress/ ‫(✬ࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࠢࠬ࠙ࡂ࡯࠲࡯ࠜ࠙ࠬࠗ࡜ࡊޕ‬2008) ‫ޟ‬ஜᐽߥⅣႺߠߊࠅ‫ޠ‬㧔㨿㩧㩡㨼㩧㧕‫ ߪࠬ࡟࠼ࠕࡉࠚ࠙ޕ‬www.workingforhealth.gov.uk/documents/dwp-wellnessreport-public.pdf
5Page 8 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ
ߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ࡓ࠭ࠗ࡯ࠖ࠹ࡦ࠯࡟ࡊߪࠇߎޕ‬㧔಴ൕߒߡ޿ࠆഭ௛⠪ߩஜᐽ໧㗴ߦࠃࠆᬺോㆀⴕ⢻ജߩૐਅ㧕ߣߒߡ⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ᦨޕ‬ㄭߩ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߢߪ
ᔃߩஜᐽ໧㗴ߦ⿠࿃ߒߚᬺോല₸ߩૐਅߦࠃࠅⵍࠆ៊ᄬ㗵ߪᐕ㑆 151 ంࡐࡦ࠼㧔⚂ 2 ళ 1140 ం౞㧔140 ౞㧛⧷ࡐࡦ࠼㧕ߢ޽ࠅ‫ߩߎޔ‬㗵ߪࠕࡉ࠮ࡦ࠹ࠖ࡯
࠭ࡓߦࠃࠆ៊ᄬ㗵 84 ంࡐࡦ࠼㧔1 ళ 1760 ం౞㧕ߩ⚂ 2 ୚ߦ⋧ᒰߒ߹ߔ6 ‫  ޕ‬ឭ⸒ 1: ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߩᣇ㊎ߣද⺞⊛ߥࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴⺕߇೑⋉੨ฃ⠪ߢߔ߆㧫ഭ௛⠪ߢߔ⺕߇ታᣉߔࠆߩߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫࡮޽ࠄࠁࠆⷙᮨߩ⚵❱࡮࿅૕ߩ㓹↪⠪‫ࠅࠃޕ‬ᄢⷙᮨߩ⚵❱ߩ႐วߪᦨ㜞⚻༡  ⽿છ⠪ߣᓎຬ‫ੱޔ‬੐⽿છ⠪ߣ਄⚖ࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯ߥߤ߽฽߹ࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㔖⚦ડᬺ߿ዊⷙᮨડᬺ7 ߩ႐วߪࠝ࡯࠽࡯⚻༡⠪‫ޔ‬ਛⷙᮨડᬺߩ႐วߪ੐ᬺࡑࡀ࡯ࠫ
ࡖ࡯߇ᜂᒰߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ഭ௛⚵วߣߘߩઁᓥᬺຬ੕ഥ࿅૕

ߤߩࠃ߁ߥᵴേࠍⴕߥ߁ߩߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫࡮ ഭ௛⠪ోຬߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߣද⺞ߒߥ߇ࠄ௛߈
߆ߌ߹ߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬௛߈߆ߌߪ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩᮭ೑߿ഭ௛᧦ઙࠍ฽ߺ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪
ࠍ▤ℂߔࠆߚ߼ߩోߡߩᣇ㊎߿ᣉ╷ߦ‫ޔ‬ᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴࠍ⚵ߺㄟ߻ߴ߈ߢߔ‫ޕ‬
࡮ ઀੐߿ഭ௛⠪ߩ․ᕈߣ‫․ߩ❱⚵ޔ‬ᕈࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ࠍ଻㓚ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

6

Sainsbury ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯(2007) ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬ㧦ࡆࠫࡀࠬߩࠤ࡯ࠬ
ߦ߅ߌࠆࡐ࡝ࠪ࡯ࡍ࡯ࡄ࡯No.8㧦ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦ Sainsbury ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯
7
10 ੱએਅ㧦㔖⚦ડᬺ‫ޔ‬50 ੱએਅ㧦ዊⷙᮨડᬺ‫ޔ‬250 ੱએਅ㧦ਛⷙᮨડᬺ

Page 9 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ࡮ ࠝ࡯ࡊࡦߥࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߣෳ↹ߦၮߠ޿ߚ‫ޔ‬ᐔ╬ߢ౏ᐔߥ㘑࿯ߠߊࠅࠍផㅴߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ ᔃߩஜᐽߦߟ޿ߡߩ⍮⼂ߣℂ⸃ࠍଦㅴߒ‫ޔ‬ᔃߩஜᐽ໧㗴ߦ㑐ㅪߒߚᏅ೎߿஍⷗ࠍᷫࠄߔࠃ߁ߦߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ ᔃߩஜᐽߣᏅ೎߿஍⷗ࠍᷫࠄߔߚ߼ߦ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߩ⸳⸘‫ޔ‬ㆬᛯ‫ޔ‬ណ↪‫ޔ‬⢒ᚑ‫ޔ‬ᩏቯߩᣇᴺࠍ⏕߆߼߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ഭ௛⠪ߪ‫ࠅ޽߇޿߇ࠅ߿ޔ‬ഃㅧ⊛ߢ⊒ዷᕈߩ޽ࠆ઀੐ࠍߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ᔅⷐߥᛛⴚࠍᜬߜ‫ࠍ࠻࡯ࡐࠨޔ‬ฃߌࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ഭ௛⠪ߪ⚵❱⊛߇ᄌൻߒߚࠅਇ⏕ታߥ⁁ᴫߦ޽ࠆᤨ
ߦ߽චಽߥࠨࡐ࡯࠻ࠍฃߌࠆߴ߈ߢߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߦߐࠄߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆߚ߼
ߩࠨࡐ࡯࠻ࠍฃߌߠࠄ޿┙႐ߦ޽ࠆഭ௛⠪࿅૕ߢ߽‫౏ޔ‬ᐔߦෳടߢ߈
ࠆᯏળࠍ଻㓚ߦߒ߹ߔ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬࿅૕ߦߪ‫ࡓࠗ࠲࠻࡯ࡄޔ‬ഭ௛⠪߿ᵷ㆜ഭ௛⠪߿⒖᳃ഭ௛⠪߇฽߹ࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ឭ⸒ 2: ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽផㅴࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆᯏળߣ‫▤ࠢࠬ࡝ޔ‬ℂ
⺕߇೑⋉੨ฃ⠪ߢߔ߆㧫ഭ௛⠪ߢߔ⺕߇ታᣉߔࠆߩߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫 ឭ⸒ 1 ࠍෳᾖߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ߤߩࠃ߁ߥᵴേࠍⴕߥ߁ߩߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽផㅴߣ࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆ૕♽⊛ߥࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ࠍዉ౉ߒ
߹ߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬௛߈߆ߌߩౝ⸶ߪ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩࠃ߁ߥߎߣߢߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍ‫⹏ޔ‬ଔߒࡕ࠾࠲࡝ࡦࠣߔࠆࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍᢛ஻ߔࠆߎ
ߣߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᡷༀߔࠆ㗔ၞ߇․ቯߐࠇ‫઀ޔ‬੐߿⡯႐ⅣႺߦ⿠࿃ߔࠆ࡝
ࠬࠢࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ߪߦࠇߎޕ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩᗧ⼂⺞ᩏ߿ᰳൕ₸‫ޔ‬ዞᬺ⠪ߩ㔌⡯‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒⎇ୃ߳ߩᛩ⾗‫ࡒࠦߥࡦࡊ࡯ࠝߣࠢ࠶ࡃ࠼࡯ࠖࡈޔ‬Page 10 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ
ࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߥߤߩᖱႎ߇฽߹ࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ዊߐߥ⚵❱ߢߪ߽ߞߣࠗࡦ
ࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࡞ߥ߆ߚߜߦߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩ୘ੱᖱႎࠍ଻⼔ߒ‫ࠍࠇߘޔ‬⋙ⷞߔࠆߎߣߪഭ௛⠪߳ߩ㈩ᘦߣߒߡ㊀ⷐߥߎߣߢߔ‫ޕ‬࡮઀੐ߩ⾰ߣഭ௛᧦ઙߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߦᴺ⊛ߥᮭ೑ࠍਈ߃ࠆࠃ߁ߦ
ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ഭ௛⠪ߪ⥄ࠄߩᔃߩஜᐽߦ㈩ᘦߔࠆ⽿છ߇޽ࠆ੐ࠍ
⹺⼂ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬ഭ௛⠪ߪ⡯႐ⅣႺߩࠨࡐ࡯࠻
߿ᡷༀߦ㑐ߔࠆ㑐ᔃ߿࠾࡯࠭ߦߟ޿ߡ⹺⼂ߒߡ߅ߊߎߣߢߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ஜᐽ቟ోዪߦࠃࠆ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩߚ߼ߩ▤ℂၮḰߩࡈ࡟࡯ࡓࡢ࡯ࠢࠍ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߒ⛽ᜬߔࠆߚ߼ߦ೑↪ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮઀੐߿ഭ௛᧦ઙߦ⿠࿃ߔࠆࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߦߟ޿ߡߩ․᦭ߩ࡝ࠬࠢࠍᛴ߃
ߡ޿ࠆ߆‫ߩઁߪߚ߹ޔ‬ℂ↱ߢᔃߩஜᐽ໧㗴ࠍᛴ߃ߡ޿ࠆഭ௛⠪ߩ࠾࡯࠭ߦᔕ߃߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩᰳൕ⁁ᴫࠍ߁߹ߊ▤ℂߢ߈ࠆᣉ╷߇ᄢಾߥߩߪ‫ࠍࠬ࡟࠻ࠬޔ‬ᛴ߃ߡ޿ࠆഭ௛⠪ࠍᣧᦼߦ․ቯߒࠨࡐ࡯࠻ߔࠆ
ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ߆ࠄߢߔ‫ࠬ࡟࠻ࠬ߿ࠣࡦ࡝࠮ࡦ࠙ࠞߪߦ࠻࡯ࡐࠨޕ‬ኻᔕ࠻࡟࡯࠾ࡦࠣ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ߇‫↥ߪࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᬺ଻ஜߣࡊ࡜ࠗࡑ࡝ࠤࠕ
ߩኾ㐷ኅߦછߖࠆ੐ߦߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ഭ௛⠪୘ੱ߳ߩ੺౉ߪ⚵❱ో૕߳ߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߦࠃߞߡ⵬ቢߐࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬࡮ਛዊ㔖⚦ⷙᮨߩ੐ᬺ߿⚵❱߇‫ޔ‬ᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߒ࡝ࠬࠢߦኻಣߔࠆ
ߦߪ‫߇࠴࡯ࡠࡊࠕࠆߥ⇣ޔ‬ᔅⷐߦߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ࠅࠃޕ‬ዊⷙᮨߩ੐ᬺ߿⚵❱ߩ႐วߪਛዊડᬺ໡Ꮏળ⼏ᚲㅪวߩࠃ߁ߥ⚵❱߇ឭଏߔࠆࠨࡐ࡯
࠻ࠍ೑↪ߔࠆߩ߇ࠃ޿ߢߒࠂ߁
(㓹↪⠪ߪ‫ޟ‬㐳ᦼ∛ᰳߣዞᬺਇ⢻ߩขᛒ޿‫ޠ‬NICE public health guidance19 ߽ෳ⠨ߦߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ)               Page 11 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ

ឭ⸒ 3㧦ᨵエߥ௛߈ᣇ                 ⺕߇೑⋉੨ฃ⠪ߢߔ߆㧫ഭ௛⠪ߢߔ⺕߇ታᣉߔࠆߩߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫࡮ ឭ⸒ 1 ࠍෳᾖߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ߤߩࠃ߁ߥᵴേࠍⴕߥ߁ߩߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫࡮น⢻ߢ޽ࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩ⑳↢ᵴߣ઀੐ߩ෺ᣇߩᔅⷐᕈߣⷐᦸߦᔕߓߡ‫ޔ‬ᨵエߥ௛߈ᣇߩᯏળࠍዉ౉ߔࠆߎߣ߽⠨߃ࠄࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᨵエߥ௛߈ᣇߩࠝ
ࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߣߒߡߪ‫ࡓࠗ࠲࠻࡯ࡄޔ‬೙‫ޔ‬࿷ቛൕോ‫ޔࠣࡦ࡝ࠕࠚࠪࠢ࡯ࡢޔ‬ࡈ࡟࠶ࠢࠬ࠲ࠗࡓ೙ߥߤ߇᜼ߍࠄࠇ߹ߔ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬೙ᐲ߇޽ࠇ߫ഭ௛
⠪ߩ⥄Ꮖ᳿ቯᗵࠍଦㅴߒ‫߿࠻ࡦࡔࠫࠗࠥࡦࠛޔ‬⡯ോḩ⿷ᗵࠍផㅴߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ ᨵエߥ௛߈ᣇࠍࠨࡐ࡯࠻ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬߩਇ቟ߦኻᔕߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ⚵❱ᢥൻࠍផㅴߒ߹ߔ‫ޔߪ࡯ࡖࠫ࡯ࡀࡑޕ‬ഭ௛⠪߆ࠄߩᨵエߥ௛߈ᣇߩⷐᦸߦ৻
⽾ᕈߣ౏ᐔᕈ߇଻ߚࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦኻᔕߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ࡖࠫ࡯ࡀࡑޕ‬࡯ߪ‫ޔ‬ᨵエߥ௛߈ᣇࠍߒߡ޿ࠆ࠴࡯ࡓࠍ▤ℂߢ߈ࠆ⢻ജࠍિ߫ߒߡ޿ߊ
ߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ ዊⷙᮨ࡮㔖⚦ⷙᮨߩ੐ᬺ߿⚵❱ߩ․ᕈߦᔕߓߡ‫ޔ‬ᨵエߥ௛߈ᣇߩᯏળ
ߦߟ޿ߡߩ⁛⥄ࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ⠨ᘦߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ឭ⸒ 㧠: ࡜ࠗࡦࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯ߩᓎഀ
⺕߇೑⋉੨ฃ⠪ߢߔ߆㧫࡜ࠗࡦࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯ߣഭ௛⠪Page 12 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ
(ዊⷙᮨ࡮㔖⚦੐ᬺ႐ߢߪ࡜ࠗࡦࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯ߪࠝ࡯࠽࡯⚻༡⠪ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ႐ว߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ)⺕߇ታᣉߔࠆߩߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫࡮ ޽ࠄࠁࠆⷙᮨߩ⚵❱ߩ㓹↪⠪‫ࠅࠃޕ‬ᄢⷙᮨߥ⚵❱ߩ႐วߪ‫ੱޔ‬੐⽿છ⠪ߣ਄⚖ࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯ߥߤ߽฽߹ࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ዊⷙᮨ࡮㔖⚦੐ᬺ႐ߩ႐วߪࠝ
࡯࠽࡯⚻༡⠪‫ޔ‬ਛⷙᮨ੐ᬺߩ႐วߪ੐ᬺㇱࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯㧔੐ᬺㇱ㐳㧕߇ᜂᒰߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ ࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߦ㑐ߔࠆ࠻࡟࡯࠾ࡦࠣࠍⴕ߁ኾ㐷ᯏ㑐ߤߩࠃ߁ߥᵴേࠍⴕߥ߁ߩߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫ᡰᜬ⊛ߥ࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞߿ࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ࠍㅢߓߡ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆ࡜ࠗࡦࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯ߩᓎഀࠍᒝൻߒ߹ߔ‫ߪߦࠇߎޕ‬ᰴߩࠃ߁ߥ
ౝኈ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ ෳ↹‫ޔ‬ᆔછ‫ޔ‬ᑪ⸳⊛ߥࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢ‫ࠍࠣࡦ࠴࡯ࠦ߿ࠣࡦ࡝࠲ࡦࡔޔ‬ଦߔࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ࠍផㅴߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ ࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯ߩណ↪‫ޔ‬ㆬ೎‫ߦࠣࡦ࠾࡯࡟࠻ޔ‬㑐ߔࠆࡐ࡝ࠪ࡯߇‫ࠄࠇߎޔ‬ߩࠬࠠ࡞ࠍ⹺߼‫ޔ‬ଦߔߎߣࠍ᣿⏕ߦߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ ࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯ߪഭ௛⠪ࠍ߿ࠆ᳇ߦߐߖ‫ޔ‬ᓐࠄߩᬺോㆀⴕ⢻ജ߇ะ਄ߒ⡯ോḩ⿷߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߥ‫ࠍߣߎࠆߔ࠻࡯ࡐࠨߣࠣࡦ࠾࡯࡟࠻ޔ‬᣿⏕ߦߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ߤߩࠃ߁ߥࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞߇ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߒ‫࡟࠻ࠬޔ‬ࠬࠍᦨዊ㒢ߦ⛽ᜬߔࠆߩߦᓎ┙ߟ߆ߩℂ⸃ࠍଦㅴߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ ࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯ߪ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩਇ቟߿ᔃߩஜᐽ໧㗴ߩళ୥ࠍᢅᗵߦᗵߓขߞ
ߡኻಣߔࠆߎߣࠍ᣿⏕ߦߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ ߤߩࠃ߁ߥᤨߦ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ࠍ↥ᬺ଻ஜࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ߿ઁߩࠨࡐ࡯࠻ᯏ㑐ߦ⚫੺ߔࠆߩ߆ࠍࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯߇ℂ⸃ߔࠆߎߣࠍ᣿⏕ߦߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

Page 13 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ
࡮ੱ᧚⢒ᚑ㐿⊒දળ‫ޔ‬ஜᐽ቟ోዪ‫⸽⹺᧚ੱޔ‬ᯏ㑐ߦࠃߞߡ㐿⊒ߐࠇߚࠦࡦ
ࡇ࠹ࡦࠪ࡯ߩࡈ࡟࡯ࡓࡢ࡯ࠢࠍࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻᭴▽ߩߚ߼ߩ࠷࡯࡞ߣߒߡ
⠨߃߹ߔ8‫ޕ‬ឭ⸒ 5: ਛዊ㔖⚦੐ᬺߩࠨࡐ࡯࠻
⺕߇೑⋉੨ฃ⠪ߢߔ߆㧫ਛዊ㔖⚦੐ᬺߩഭ௛⠪ߣ㓹↪⠪ߢߔ‫ޕ‬⺕߇ታᣉߔࠆߩߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫࡮ ࡊ࡜ࠗࡑ࡝ࠤࠕ࠻࡜ࠬ࠻㧔⧷࿖ߢ࿾ၞߦ߅ߌࠆක≮⑔␩⸘↹ࠍߚߡ‫ޔ‬੍▚ࠍ▤ℂㆇ༡ߒ‫ޔ‬ක≮ߩ⾰ߩ଻⸽‫ޔ‬ะ਄ࠍߦߥ߁⚵❱㧕‫ࡑࠗ࡜ࡊޔ‬࡝ࠤࠕࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ‫↥ޔ‬ᬺ଻ஜࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ‫ޕ‬࡮ ⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆὑߩ᡽ᐭ㑐ଥ‫ޔࠕࠖ࠹ࡦ࡜ࡏޔ‬ᘏༀ࿅૕‫ޔ‬ડᬺߩㇱ㐷ߣ࿖ኅਥዉࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߢ௛ߊੱ‫ޕޘ‬࡮ ਛዊડᬺㅪ⋖‫ޕ‬ߤߩࠃ߁ߥᵴേࠍⴕߥ߁ߩߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫࡮ ਛዊ㔖⚦ⷙᮨߩ੐ᬺߣදജߒ‫ޔ‬ឭ᩺߿ࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠬߣ᏷ᐢ޿ࠨࡐ࡯࠻ߣ
ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠍⴕߥ޿߹ߔ‫↥ޕ‬ᬺ଻ஜࠨ࡯ࡆࠬᯏ㑐ߩ೑↪߽⠨߃ࠄࠇ߹ߔ
㧔ࠞ࠙ࡦ࠮࡝ࡦࠣࠨࡐ࡯࠻ߣࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻಣߩ࠻࡟࡯࠾ࡦࠣ߇฽߹ࠇ߹ߔ㧕‫ޕ‬࡮ ᔃߩஜᐽჇㅴࠍ⚵❱ో૕ߦࠊߚߞߡࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߔࠆᣇᴺࠍ㐿⊒࡮ታⴕߔࠆߚ߼ߩࠨࡐ࡯࠻߿ࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠬࠍߔࠆ઀⚵ߠߊࠅࠍߒ߹ߔ‫ࠄࠇߎޕ‬ߦߪ࡝ࠬࠢ⹏ଔ‫ੱޔ‬੐ࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻‫ߩ࠻ࡦࡔࠫࡀࡑޔ‬ᢎ⢒⸠✵ߣ㐿⊒‫ޔ‬ߩߚ߼ߩ࠷࡯࡞ߣᣇᴺ߇฽߹ࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬8ੱ᧚⢒ᚑ㐿⊒දળ‫ޔ‬ஜᐽ቟ోዪ‫⸽⹺᧚ੱޔ‬ᯏ㑐(2009) ⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ࡜ࠗࡦࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯ߩⴕ
േߣࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ㧔㨿㩧㩡㨼㩧㧕࠙ࠚࡉࡍ࡯ࠫߪ www.cipd.co.uk/NR/rdonlyres/898B09D3-6F8A49AF-BD11-66EC76B086D4/0/stress_at_work_updated_guidance_for_line_managers.pdf

Page 14 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ

2౏ⴐⴡ↢਄ߩᔅⷐᕈߣታ〣௛ߊߎߣ㧔᦭⛎‫ޔ‬ή⛎ߦ㑐ࠊࠄߕ㧕ߪஜᐽࠍଦㅴߔࠆᵴേߘߩ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ߘߩല↪ߪታ⸽ߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫(ޕ‬Acheson 1998; Waddle and Burton 2006).
ో࿖⺞ᩏߩ᭎ⷐߦࠃࠆߣ‫⧷ޔ‬࿖ߢߪ 2005 ᐕߛߌߢᣂߚߦ 6400 ઙߩ઀੐ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆᔃߩஜᐽ໧㗴߇⊒↢ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߩߎޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᢙ୯ߪૐߊ⷗Ⓧ߽ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬2006 ᐕߣ 2007 ᐕߦߪ 53 ਁੱ߽ߩੱ‫઀ޔ߇ޘ‬੐ߦ㑐ㅪߒߚ∛⁁ߣߒߡ‫߿ࠬ࡟࠻ࠬޔ‬ਇ቟␹⚻∝‫⟕ߦ∛ߟ߁ޔ‬ᖚߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿
߹ߔ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬ᨐ‫ߩࡓࠗ࠲࡞ࡈޔ‬ഭ௛ᣣᢙߦ឵▚ߒߡ 1370 ਁߩഭ௛ᣣᢙಽ߇
ᄬࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣߦߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬૞ᬺ㑐ㅪ∔ᖚߩ⺞ᩏߢߪ‫ޔ‬24 ਁ 2000 ੱ߇ㆊ
෰ 12 ࡩ᦬ߩ㑆ߦ઀੐ߦ㑐ㅪߒߚࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ‫ޔ∛ߟ߁ޔ‬ਇ቟␹⚻∝ࠍ⚻㛎ߒߚߎߣ߇޽ࠆߣႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ(ஜᐽ቟ోዪ 2008b)‫ޕ‬ⴕ᡽⡯‫ޔ‬㒐ⴡ㑐ଥ‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒‫଻ޔ‬ஜ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⑔␩ߥߤߩഭ௛⠪ߪ‫ޔࠬ࡟࠻ࠬޔ‬ਇ቟␹⚻∝‫⥄ߣࠆ޽ߢߩ∛ߟ߁ޔ‬Ꮖ↳๔ߔࠆ⏕₸߇ᦨ߽㜞޿ߢߔ(ஜᐽ቟ోዪ
2008b)‫ޕ‬ૐᚲᓧ⠪ጀߢߪࠃࠅഠᖡߥഭ௛᧦ઙߢ޽ࠆ௑ะ߇ᒝߊ‫઀߫߃଀ޔ‬੐㊂ࠍ⥄ಽߢ᳿߼ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߕ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛቟ోⅣႺ߇ᖡߊ‫࠻࡯ࡐࠨޔ‬૕೙߇㒢ቯ⊛ߢ‫‛ޔ‬ℂ⊛ෂ㒾ߦߐࠄߐࠇ߿ߔ޿௑ะߦ޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫઀ޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬੐ߩ⾰ߣഭ௛᧦ઙࠍᡷༀߔࠆߎߣ߇ஜᐽᩰᏅߩᤚᱜߦߟߥ߇ࠅ߹ߔ(Siegrist ߣ Marmot 2004)‫ޕ‬౰⁁േ⣂ᕈᔃ∔ᖚ‫╭ޔ‬㛽ᩰ∔ᖚ‫∔␹♖ޔ‬ᖚࠍ฽߻޿ߊߟ߆ߩ∔∛߿㓚ኂߪ⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ␠ળ⊛‫ޔ‬ᔃℂ⊛ߥⅣႺߣ㑐ㅪߒߡ޿߹ߔ (Marmot ╬‫ ޕ‬2005)‫ޕ‬ஜᐽ⊛ߥ௛߈ᣇߣഭ௛⠪ߩஜᐽ߿⑔␩ߦᛩ⾗ߔࠆߎߣߪ‫↥↢ޔ‬ᕈࠍᡷༀߒ‫ޔ‬੐ᬺ߿␠ળో૕ߦߣߞߡ‫↪⾌ޔ‬ኻലᨐ߇㜞޿ߎߣ߇ታ⸽ߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ (Coats෸߮ Max 2005, Dunham 2001‫࡮ࠣࡦࠗ࡯ࡆ࡞ࠚ࠙ߣ࡞࠲ࡇࡖࠠ࡮࡞࠲ࡦࡔޔ‬ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩዷᦸ 2008)‫⎇ޕ‬ⓥߦࠃࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᚑഞߒߡ޿ࠆ⚵❱ߢߪஜᐽ⊛ߥ⡯႐ⅣႺ߇หߓࠃ߁ߥ․ᓽࠍᜬߞߡ޿߹ߔ (Pfeffer 1998)‫ޕ‬Page 15 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ

3⠨ኤ

PHIAC ౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ኾ㐷ᆔຬળߪឭ⸒ࠍ߹ߣ߼ࠆ㓙ߦ‫ⷐߩ߆ߟߊ޿ޔ‬࿃ߣ⺖㗴ࠍ⠨ᘦߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
3.1

PHIAC ౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ኾ㐷ᆔຬળߪ‫ޔ‬ᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߦ
‫ޟ‬௛ߊߎߣ‫߇ޠ‬㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠅ‫ߪࠬࡦ࠳ࠗࠟޔ‬௛ߊߎߣߩ᦭↪ߥᓎഀߦὶὐࠍ޽ߡߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߦߢߔޔߪࠬࡦ࠳ࠗࠟߩߎޔߡߒߘޕ‬ᖠߺࠍᛴ߃ߡ޿ߚࠅ‫ޔ‬ᔃߩஜᐽ໧㗴ߩೋᦼ∝⁁߿ᓽ୥߇޽ࠆഭ௛⠪ߩ
▤ℂ߿ᴦ≮ߦߪὶὐࠍ޽ߡߡ޿߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬

3.2

PHIAC ౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ኾ㐷ᆔຬળ ߪ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߣ⡯႐ⅣႺߩᄙ᭽ᕈࠍ⹺
߼ߡ߅ࠅ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩ੐ᖱߣ⁁ᴫߦวࠊߖߡࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߔߴ߈ߛߣߒ
ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߪߢ߹ࠇߎޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬ਛዊ㔖⚦ⷙᮨߩ੐ᬺ߿⚵❱ߦ߽᣿⏕ߥ࠾࡯࠭߇޽ࠆߎߣߪ⸽᣿ߐࠇߡ޿߹ߖࠎߢߒߚ‫ޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬ߎߩឭ⸒ߪᨵエߦታᣉߒߡ޿߆ߨ߫ߥࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬

3.3ࡄ࡯࠻࠲ࠗࡓߩᅚᕈ‫ޔ‬⒖᳃ഭ௛⠪‫ޔ‬㜞㦂ഭ௛⠪ߩ㗼⪺ߥჇടߦ⷗
ฃߌࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߥഭ௛ੱญߩᄙ᭽ൻߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬Ꮕ೎߿᣿ࠄ߆ߥਇ
౏ᐔߥߤߦࠃࠆࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩน⢻ᕈ߇Ⴧടߒߡ޿߹ߔ(ࡔࡦ࠲࡞࡮ࠠ
ࡖࡇ࠲࡞ߣ࠙ࠚ࡞ࡆ࡯ࠗࡦࠣ࡮ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩዷᦸ 2008)‫ޕ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߦߪᄙߊߩⷐ࿃߇㑐ਈߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޔߪࠬ࡟࠻ࠬޕ‬⡯႐ߩ♖␹ⴡ↢ߦᓇ㗀ߔࠆ㊀ⷐߥⷐ⚛ߣߥߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߣ∛ߟ߁ޕ‬ਇ቟␹⚻∝ߪ‫ޔ‬㗫❥ߦⷰኤߐࠇ⡯႐ߦ㑐ଥߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ߹ߔ (ߘߩઁߩⷐ࿃ߣߒߡߪ⑳↢ᵴ਄ߩ಴᧪੐‫߫߃଀ޔ‬ᱫ೎߿ኻੱ㑐ଥߩᖡൻߥߤ߽޽ߍࠄࠇ߹ߔ)‫ޕ‬

3.4

ᤓ੹ߩ⚻༡⁁ᴫߩᖡൻߪ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߦ㓹↪ਇ቟߿ᄬᬺߩᔃ㈩ࠍᛴ߆
ߖߡ‫ޔ‬ᔃߩஜᐽ໧㗴߇Ⴧ߃ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍ቞ࠆኻ╷ߪ‫ޔ‬੐ᬺ߿⚵❱߇㐳ᦼ⊛ߦᬺ❣ࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ᔅⷐߥ⢻ജߣ⚻㛎ࠍᜬߟࠬ࠲࠶ࡈࠍ଻᦭ߔࠆߚ߼ߩഥߌߦߥࠅ߹
ߔ‫ޕ‬Page 16 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ
3.5

ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍଦㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߩ‫ో❱⚵ޔ‬૕߳ߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߩ
ലᨐߣ⾌↪ኻലᨐߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ታ↪⊛ߢ⾰߇㜞޿⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߪ㒢ࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ో❱⚵ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޔߚ߹ޕ‬૕߳ߩࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߪ‫ޔ‬વ⛔
⊛ߥ⚻㛎ߦ߽ߣߠߊ⹏ଔ߿♽⛔⊛ߥ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߦߪ޽ߡߪ߹ࠅ߹ߖ
ࠎ‫ߩࠬࡦ࠳ࠗࠟޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬ታᣉࠍ๟⍮ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ࠅࠃޔ‬᏷ᐢ
޿⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ࠅࠃޔ‬ᨵエߥ⹏ଔᣇᴺࠍណ↪ߒ߹
ߒߚ‫ޕ‬

4

ታᣉ

NICE ⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߪ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩੱ‫ޕߔ߹ߒ࠻࡯ࡐࠨࠍޘ‬٧ ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߒ‫ޔ‬ᡷༀߔࠆోߡߩⷙᮨߩ㓹↪⠪ߣㇱ㐷‫ޕ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽߩ⁁ᴫࠍᡷༀߢ߈ࠇ߫‫∛ޔ‬ᰳߣ㔌⡯₸߇ᷫࠅ‫ޔ‬ᬺ❣ߣ↢↥ᕈߩะ਄߇ᦼᓙߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬٧ ഭ௛⠪ߩஜᐽࠍ଻⼔ߔࠆᴺ⊛ߥ⽿ോࠍ᦭ߔࠆ㓹↪⠪‫ޕ‬٧ ⡯႐ߢߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆഭ௛⠪߹ߚߪߘߩઍ⴫‫ޕ‬٧ ‫ޟ‬ஜᐽჇㅴ߳ߩၮḰ‫ޠ‬㧔2006 ᐕᡷ⸓㧕ߩ╙㧣▵ߦ⸥タߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ౏ⴐ
ⴡ↢ߦ㑐ߔࠆ DH ⧷࿖଻ஜ⋭ၮḰߦว⥌ߔࠆ NHS ࿖┙ஜᐽჇㅴዪߩ
⚵❱‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ၮḰߦ㆑෻ߔࠆⴕὑߪ‫⾰ߩࠕࠤޟޔ‬ᆔຬળ‫ߡߞࠃߦޠ‬ᩏቯߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬٧ DH ⧷࿖଻ஜ⋭ߩ‫ޟ‬ㆇ↪ߩᨒ⚵ߺ 2008/09‫ޟߣޠ‬ㆇ↪ߩᨒ⚵ߺ 2008/09
㧙2010/11‫ⷐࠆ޿ߡࠇߐ␜ߦޠ‬᳞ߦว⥌ߔࠆ NHS ࿖┙ஜᐽჇㅴዪ‫␠ޔ‬ળක≮ߣሶଏࠨ࡯ࡆࠬㇱ㐷‫ޕ‬٧ ࿾ၞ␠ળ࡮࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ⋭ߩ‫ޟ‬࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕ߣ࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕ࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ
ߣߩᣂߒ޿ᒻߩදജᨒ⚵ߺ‫⸥ޠ‬タߩⷐ᳞ߦว⥌ߔࠆ NHS ࿖┙ஜᐽჇㅴዪ‫␠ޔ‬ળක≮ߣሶଏࠨ࡯ࡆࠬㇱ㐷‫ޕ‬

Page 17 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ٧ ஜᐽჇㅴߣஜᐽᩰᏅࠍᤚᱜߔࠆߚ߼ߩ࿖ߩᜰᮡߣ⋡⊛ߦว⥌ߔࠆ౏౒ㇱ㐷ߩ࿖ኅᯏ㑐ߣ࿾ᣇⴕ᡽ᯏ㑐‫ޕ‬٧ ࿾ၞ␠ળߩ⚻ᷣ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⑔␩‫ޔ‬ⅣႺᢛ஻ࠍផㅴߔࠆᮭ㒢ࠍ㆐ᚑߒࠃ߁ߣ
ߔࠆ࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕‫ޕ‬٧ ౝኈ߇᣿⏕ߥࠦࠬ࠻೥ᷫ‫ߩ⽶ޔ‬ᛩ⾗߿⾗Ḯߩ⒖ⴕߩᯏળߥߤߦࠃࠅᕲ
ᕺࠍᓧࠆ NHS ࿖┙ஜᐽჇㅴዪߩ࿾ᣇዪ‫ޔ‬࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕ߣߘߩઁߩ࿾ᣇ౏
౒ㇱ㐷ࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯⚵❱‫ޕ‬٧ ࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕ߩᚢ⇛⊛දജ㑐ଥࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ஜᐽჇㅴߩߚ߼ߦઁㇱ㐷ߣㅪ៤ࠍขࠆߎߣߦ㊀ὐࠍ߅޿ߡታᣉߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
NICE ⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴ߪኻ⽎⚵❱߇ߎߩࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬࠍታⴕߦ⒖ߔߚ߼ߩᚻ㗅ࠍ᭴▽ߒ߹ߒߚ‫( ࠻ࠗࠨࡉࠚ࠙ߪ⚦⹦ޕ‬www.nice.org.uk/PH22)ࠍߏ
ෳᾖߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬

5⎇ⓥ⺖㗴ߩឭ⸒

PHIAC ౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ኾ㐷ᆔຬળ ߪᰴߦ޽ߍࠆ⎇ⓥ⺖㗴߇↢ߓߡ޿ࠆ੐ࠍឭ⸒
ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᢥ⣂ߢߪ‫᦭ޟ‬ലᕈ‫ޔߪ⪲⸒߁޿ߣޠ‬ലᨐߩᄢ߈ߐߛߌߢߥ
ߊ‫↪⾌ޔ‬ኻലᨐߣലᨐߩᜬ⛯߽฽ࠎߢ޿߹ߔ‫ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬ᖡᓇ㗀ߦߟ޿ߡ߽⠨ᘦߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬1.

ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߩ⚵❱ో૕߳ߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ߘࠇߙࠇߩⷐ⚛ߩ᦭ലᕈߣ⾌↪ኻലᨐ㧔ᣇ㊎‫ੱޔ‬੐▤ℂ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩෳ↹‫ޔ‬ࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ߣᣇᴺࠍ฽߻㧕ߪߤ߁ߥߞߡ޿ࠆ߆㧫

2.

઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩࡊ࡜ࠬ㕙ߣࡑࠗ࠽ࠬ㕙ߩ⹏ଔ߿‫ޔ‬ᔃߩஜᐽჇㅴ
ߣ⚵❱ߩᬺ❣ߣߩ㑐ଥߩ⹏ଔߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ቯ⟵߿᦭ലߥᚻᲑߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥ
߽ߩ߆㧫 ࡊ࡟࠯ࡦ࠹ࠖ࡯ࠗ࠭ࡓ㧔಴ൕߒߡ޿ࠆഭ௛⠪ߩஜᐽ໧㗴ߦࠃࠆᬺോㆀⴕ⢻ജߩૐਅ㧕ߛߌߢߪߥߊࠕࡉ࠮ࡦ࠹ࠖ࡯࠭ࡓ෸߮઀੐ߩല
₸߿↢↥ߥߤߩઁߩᜰᮡ߽⠨ᘦߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢߔ‫ޕ‬

Page 18 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ
3.

᭽‫❱⚵ߩࡊࠗ࠲ߥޘ‬ⅣႺߦ߅޿ߡ‫ో⊛❱⚵ޔ‬૕߳ߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߩ⾌↪ߣലᨐߪ૗߆㧫ਛዊ㔖⚦੐ᬺߩ႐ว‫߇࡞࠺ࡕߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬ᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴ
ߔࠆ႐วߦ᦭ലߢ‫↪⾌ޔ‬ኻലᨐ߇㜞޿߆㧫 ⚵❱ో૕߳ߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴
ࠍⴕߥ߁ߦ޽ߚߞߡ‫ⷐߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬࿃߇ଦㅴߦߥߞߚࠅ‫ޔ‬ታⴕࠍᅹߍࠆ
ߩ߆㧫

4.

ഭ௛⠪ߩਛߩ․ቯߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㧔଀߃߫↵ᅚ‫ޔ‬ᐕ㦂‫ੱޔ‬⒳‫␠ޔ‬ળ⚻ᷣ⊛┙႐‫ޔ‬り૕⊛㓚ኂ‫ޔ‬ᕈ⊛ᜰะ‫ޔ‬ቬᢎ‫ઁߩߘޔ‬ᕈᩰߩ㆑޿ߥߤ㧕ߦኻߔࠆ᦭
ലߢ⾌↪ኻലᨐ߇㜞޿ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩ߆㧫 ࡄ࡯࠻࠲ࠗࡓ‫ޔ‬ᵷ㆜␠ຬ‫ޔ‬⒖᳃ഭ௛⠪ߦߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥ௛߈߆ߌ߇᦭ലߢ‫↪⾌ߟ߆ޔ‬ኻലᨐߦఝࠇߡ޿ࠆ߆㧫ක≮⎇ⓥᆔຬળߩࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩ‫ⶄޟ‬㔀ߥ੺౉ߩ⹏ଔ‫ߩޠ‬㗄(2008)ߦផ
ᅑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ࠍ೑↪ߔߴ߈ߢߒࠂ߁‫⹏ޕ‬ଔߦߪ‫ޔ‬੐ᬺ߇⊒ዷߔࠆߦᓥߞߡ‫ޟ‬ㆡಾߥታ㛎‫߁ⴕࠍޠ‬ᯏળ߿‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔ
ࠆߚ߼ߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ᚻ㗅ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߩ૞⵾ਛߦታ⸽ߐࠇߡ㑆ߦวࠊߥ߆ߞߚ࠺࡯࠲ߩ⹦⚦ߪઃ㍳
D ߦឝタߒߡ޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

6

ឭ⸒ߩᦝᣂ

ߎߩࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߪᔅⷐߦᔕߓߡᦝᣂߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ᦝޕ‬ᣂ⚻ㆊߩᖱႎߪ
www.nice.org.uk/PH22 ߦߏㅪ⛊߅㗿޿ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬7

NICE ⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴ ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆࠟࠗ
࠳ࡦࠬ࡝ࠬ࠻

٧߁ߟ∛‫ ޕ‬NICE ⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴⥃ᐥࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ 90 (2009)‫ޕ‬www.nice.org.uk/CG90 ෳᾖ‫ޕ‬٧㐳ᦼ∛ᰳߣዞഭਇ⢻‫ޕ‬NICE ⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ
19 (2009)‫ ޕ‬www.nice.org.uk/PH19 ෳᾖ‫ޕ‬
Page 19 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ
٧⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆり૕ㆇേߩផㅴ‫ޕ‬NICE ⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ‫ޕ‬13 (2008)‫ޕ‬www.nice.org.uk/PH13 ෳᾖ‫ޕ‬٧⑌ᾍផㅴߩ⡯႐߳ߩ੺౉‫ޕ‬NICE ⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ‫ ޕ‬5 (2007)‫ ޕ‬www.nice.org.uk/PH5 ෳᾖ‫ޕ‬٧߁ߟ∛ߣਇ቟␹⚻∝ߦኻߔࠆࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡯ߦࠃࠆ⹺⍮ⴕേ≮ᴺߩㆡ↪‫ޕ‬
NICE ⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴ ᛛⴚ⹏ଔࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 97 (2006)‫ޕ‬www.nice.org.uk/TA97 ෳᾖ‫ޕ‬

ෳ⠨ᢥ₂

8

٧Acheson D (1998) Independent inquiry into inequalities in health report.
㧔ஜᐽᩰᏅߦߟ޿ߡߩ⁛⥄⺞ᩏႎ๔㧕London: The Stationery Office 㧔ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦ㧦᡽ᐭೀⴕ‛⊒ⴕᚲ㧕
٧Coats D, Max C (2005) Healthy work: productive workplaces.㧔ஜᐽ⊛ߥഭ௛㧦↢↥⊛ߥ⡯႐㧕ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦ㧦ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦஜᐽ▤ℂᆔຬળ٧⧷࿖ഭ௛ᐕ㊄⋭(2005) ஜᐽ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߣ࠙ࠚ࡞ࡆ࡯ࠗࡦࠣ London: The
Stationery Office㧔ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦ㧦᡽ᐭೀⴕ‛⊒ⴕᚲ㧕٧⧷࿖ഭ௛ᐕ㊄⋭(2008) ஜᐽ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߣ࠙ࠚ࡞ࡆ࡯ࠗࡦࠣ London: The
Stationery Office㧔ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦ㧦᡽ᐭೀⴕ‛⊒ⴕᚲ㧕٧⧷࿖ഭ௛ᐕ㊄⋭ߣ⧷࿖଻ஜ⋭(2008)㧔Dame Carol Black ߦࠃࠆ⺞ᩏႎ๔㧦⧷࿖ߩഭ௛ᐕ㦂ੱญߩஜᐽߦߟ޿ߡ㧕ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦ㧦⧷࿖ഭ௛ᐕ㊄⋭ߣ⧷࿖଻ஜ⋭٧⧷࿖ഭ௛ᐕ㊄⋭ߣ⧷࿖଻ஜ⋭(2009) Mental health and employment
strategy. 㧔♖␹ⴡ↢ߣ㓹↪ᣇ㊎㧕ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦ㧦⧷࿖ഭ௛ᐕ㊄⋭٧Dunham J (2001) Stress in the workplace. Past, present and future. 㧔⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ㧦ㆊ෰ ⃻࿷‫᧪ᧂޔ‬㧕London: Whurr Publishers 㧔ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦ㧦Whurr ಴␠㧕Page 20 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ
٧Foresight Mental Capital and Wellbeing Project ࡔࡦ࠲࡞࡮ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞ߣ࠙
ࠚ࡞ࡆ࡯ࠗࡦࠣ࡮ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩዷᦸ(2008) Final project report.㧔ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ᦨ⚳࡟ࡐ࡯࠻㧕ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦ㧦⧷࿖⑼ቇᛛⴚᐡ
٧ஜᐽ቟ోዪ (2004) Working together to reduce stress at work: a guide for
employees [online].㧔⡯႐ߢߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬࠍᷫࠄߔද௛㧦ഭ௛⠪↪ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗ
ࡦ[㨿㩧㩡㨼㩧] 㧕www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg424.pdf ෳᾖ‫ޕ‬٧ஜᐽ቟ోዪ(2008a) Management standards for work-related stress [online]㧔઀੐ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߦኻಣߔࠆࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߩᮡḰ[㨿㩧㩡㨼㩧]㧕
www.hse.gov.uk/stress/ෳᾖ‫ޕ‬٧ஜᐽ቟ోዪ (2008b) Self-reported work-related illness in 2006/07: resultsfrom the labour force survey.㧔⥄Ꮖ↳๔ߐࠇߚ઀੐ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ∔ᖚ
2006/07㧦ഭ௛ജ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐ㧕 London: Health and Safety Executive 㧔ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦ㧦ஜᐽ቟ోዪ㧕
٧HM Government ⧷࿖᡽ᐭ (1996) Employment Rights Act [online]. 㧔㓹↪ᮭ
೑ᴺ[㨿㩧㩡㨼㩧] 㧕www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1996/Ukpga_19960018_en_1 ෳᾖ‫ޕ‬
٧HM Government ⧷࿖᡽ᐭ (2005) The Disability Discrimination Act [online].
㧔㓚ኂ⠪Ꮕ೎⑌ᱛᴺ[㨿㩧㩡㨼㩧]㧕
www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2005/ukpga_20050013_en_1 ෳᾖ‫ޕ‬
٧HM Government ⧷࿖᡽ᐭ (2006) The Work and Families Act [online]. 㧔ዞᬺኅᣖᴺ[㨿㩧㩡㨼㩧]㧕
www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2006/pdf/ukpga_20060018_en.pdf ෳᾖ٧Marmot M, Siegrist J, Theorell T (2005) Health and psychosocial
environment at work. 㧔઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆஜᐽߣ♖␹ⴡ↢ⅣႺ㧕In: Marmot M,
Wilkinson RG, editors. Social Determinants of Health.㧔⋙ୃ㧦Marmot M‫ޔ‬
Wilkinson RG‫✬ޔ‬㓸㧦ஜᐽߩ␠ળ⊛᳿ቯⷐ࿃ᆔຬળ㧕 Oxford: Oxford
University Press 㧔ࠝ࠶ࠢࠬࡈࠜ࡯࠼㧦ࠝ࠶ࠢࠬࡈࠜ࡯࠼ᄢቇ಴
Page 21 of 43−  −

㧕

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ
٧Medical Research Council ක≮⎇ⓥᆔຬળ(2008) Developing andevaluating complex interventions: new guidance [online].㧔ⶄ㔀ߥ⁁ᴫ߳ߩ
੺౉ᴺߩ㐿⊒ߣ⹏ଔ㧦ᣂࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ[㨿㩧㩡㨼㩧] 㧕
www.mrc.ac.uk/complexinterventionsguidance ෳᾖ‫ޕ‬٧Pfeffer J (1998) Human equation. Building profit by putting people first. 㧔୘ੱᏅ㧦ੱࠍᦨఝవߒߚ෼⋉₪ᓧᣇᴺ㧕Boston: Harvard Business School
Press 㧔ࡏࠬ࠻ࡦ㧦ࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼࡮ࡆࠫࡀࠬࠬࠢ࡯࡞಴

㧕

٧Pricewaterhouse Coopers (2008) Building the case for wellness [online].
㧔ࡊ࡜ࠗࠬ࠙ࠜ࡯࠲࡯ࡂ࠙ࠬࠢ࡯ࡄ࡯ࠬ✬(2008) ‫ޟ‬ஜᐽߥⅣႺࠍ૞ࠆߚ߼ ߦ‫ޠ‬㧔㨿㩧㩡㨼㩧㧕㧕www.workingforhealth.gov.uk/documents/dwp-wellnessreport-public.pdf ෳᾖ٧Sainsbury ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯(2007) Mental health at work:
developing the business case. Policy paper 8. 㧔⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽ㧦ࡆࠫࡀࠬࠤ࡯ࠬߦ߅ߌࠆ㧚᡽╷ᢥᦠ No.8㧕ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦ Sainsbury ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞
ࠬ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯
٧Siegrist J, Marmot M (2004) Health inequalities and the psychosocial
environment – two scientific challenges.㧔ஜᐽᩰᏅߣ␠ળᔃℂቇ⊛ⅣႺ㧙ੑߟ
ߩ⑼ቇ⊛⹜ߺ㧕 Social Science Medicine 58: 1463–73
٧Waddell G, Burton A (2006) Is work good for your health and well-being?
㧔ஜᐽߣ⑔␩ߩߚ߼ߦ઀੐ߪᓎߦ┙ߞߡ޿ࠆ߆㧫㧕London: The Stationery
Office 㧔ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦ㧦᡽ᐭೀⴕ‛⊒ⴕᚲ㧕

Page 22 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴઃ㍳ A 㧦౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ኾ㐷ᆔຬળ‫⧷ޔ‬࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴ ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻࠴࡯ࡓߣᄖㇱᯏ㑐౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ኾ㐷ᆔຬળ
NICE ⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴ ߇⸳┙ߒߚᏱછᆔຬળ the Public HealthInterventions Advisory Committee (PHIAC ౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ኾ㐷ᆔຬળ)ߪ‫ⴐ౏ޔ‬ⴡ↢ߦ੺౉ߔࠆߚ߼ߦታ⸽࠺࡯࠲ࠍᬌ⸛ߒ㐿⊒ߩឭ⸒ࠍⴕߥ߁ᯏ㑐ߢߔ‫ޕ‬
PHIAC ౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ኾ㐷ᆔຬળߩࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߪ‫ޔ‬ᰴߦ޽ߍࠆ౏ⴐⴡ↢ኾ㐷ක‫ޔ‬⥃ᐥක㧔ኾ㐷කߣ৻⥸ක㧕‫ޔ‬࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕⡯ຬ‫ޔ‬ᢎᏧ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⑔␩჻‫౏ޔ‬ോຬߣࠛࡦࠫ࠾ࠕߥߤᄙߊߩኾ㐷ಽ㊁ߦࠊߚࠅ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
Professor Sue Atkinson CBE ⁛┙ࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠲ࡦ࠻౗ቴຬᢎ᝼‫ޔ‬Departmentof Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London㧔ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦᄢ
ቇ㧦∉ቇ෸߮౏ⴐⴡ↢ቇ㧕
Mr John F Barker Associate Foundation Stage Regional Adviser for the
Parents as Partners in Early Learning Project,㧔PPEL ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ⸳┙ߦ㑐ࠊߞߚ࿾ၞࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠩ࡯㧕 DfES National Strategies㧔⧷࿖ᢎ⢒㓹↪⋭ ࿖ኅᚢ⇛ዪ㧕Professor Michael Bury ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦᄢቇ ␠ળቇฬ⹷ᢎ᝼‫࠻ࡦࠤޔ‬ᄢቇ ␠ળቇฬ⹷ᢎ᝼Professor K K Cheng ࡃ࡯ࡒࡦࠟࡓᄢቇ ∉ቇ ᢎ᝼
Ms Joanne Cooke ࠨ࡛࠙ࠬ࡯ࠢࠪࡖ࡯Ꮊᔕ↪଻ஜ⎇ⓥߣࠤࠕࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻
ߦ߅ߌࠆ౒ห⎇ⓥߣ࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯
Dr Richard Cookson ࡛࡯ࠢᄢቇ‫␠ޔ‬ળ᡽╷ߣ␠ળ⑔␩ቇ ਄⚖⻠ᏧMr Philip Cutler ࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓࠨࡐ࡯࠻ࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯‫࠼࡯ࠜࡈ࠼࠶࡜ࡉ ޔ‬࿾ၞࠤࠕදജࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ

Page 23 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ
Ms Lesley Michele de Meza Personal, Social, Health and Economic (PSHE)
Education Consultant㧔ੱ⊛␠ળ⊛ஜᐽ⊛⚻ᷣ⊛ᢎ⢒ࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠲ࡦ࠻㧕‫࡟࠻ޔ‬࡯࠽࡯‫ޔ‬૞ኅ
Professor Ruth Hall ࠨ࠙ࠬ࠙ࠛࠬ࠻࿾ၞ㧦ஜᐽ଻⼔ዪ ࿾ၞᜂᒰዪ㐳
Ms Amanda Hoey Director, Consumer Health Consulting Limited㧔ᶖ⾌⠪ஜᐽࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠲ࡦ࠻␠‫␠ޔ‬㐳㧕
Mr Alasdair J Hogarth Head Teacher, Archbishops School, Canterbury㧔ࠞࡦ࠲ࡌ࡝࡯ ࠕ࡯࠴ࡆ࡚ࠪ࠶ࡊࠬࠢ࡯࡞ ቇ㐳 㧕
Mr Andrew Hopkin Assistant Director, Local Environment, Derby City Council
㧔Derby Ꮢᓎᚲ ࿾ၞⅣႺዪ ೽ዪ㐳㧕Dr Ann Hoskins Director, Children, Young People and Maternity, NHS NorthWest㧔ࡁ࡯ࠬ࠙ࠛࠬ࠻࿖┙ஜᐽჇㅴዪ ሶଏ࡮㕍ዋᐕ࡮Უᕈ଻⼔ዪ ዪ㐳㧕
Ms Muriel James Secretary, Northampton Healthy Communities
Collaborative and the King Edward Road Surgery Patient Participation Group㧔Northampton ஜᐽࠢ࡜ࡉㅪวߣ King Edward Road ක㒮ߣᖚ⠪ෳ↹ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ 㧦 ਥ੐㧕Dr Matt Kearney Castlefields Runcorn ৻⥸ක‫ޔ‬Knowsley ࿾ၞ ৻⥸ක㧛౏ⴐⴡ↢ක
CHAIR Professor Catherine Law  UCL ዊఽ଻ஜ⎇ⓥᚲ ౏ⴐⴡ↢ߣ∉ቇᢎ᝼
Mr David McDaid ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦ ⚻ᷣ㨯᡽ᴦᄢቇ ஜᐽߣ␠ળක≮ቇㇱ  ⎇ⓥຬ
Mr Bren McInerney ࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ᭴ᚑຬ
Professor Susan Michie BPS㧔⧷࿖ᔃℂቇቇળ㧕ലᨐಽᨆߣ᦭ലᕈ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫ࡦ࠼ࡦࡠޔ‬ᄢቇઃዻࠞ࡟࠶ࠫ ஜᐽᔃℂቇ ᢎ᝼

Page 24 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ
Dr Stephen Morris ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦᄢቇઃዻࠞ࡟࠶ࠫ ∉ቇߣ౏ⴐⴡ↢ቇㇱ ஜᐽ⚻ᷣቇᢎ᝼Dr Adam Oliver ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦ⚻ᷣᄢቇ ஜᐽ⚻ᷣ෸߮᡽╷ቇ ⧷࿖⎇ⓥળ⼏ ਄⚖ቇⴚ⎇ⓥຬ
Dr Mike Owen ࡉ࡝ࠬ࠻࡞‫ޔ‬William Budd ක≮࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ৻⥸කDr Toby Prevost ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦࠠࡦࠣࠬࠞ࡟࠶ࠫ ౏ⴐⴡ↢ቇㇱක≮⛔⸘ቇ⻠Ꮷ
Ms Jane Putsey Უ੃⢒ఽࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ ⊓㍳ᜰዉຬ ৻⥸ળຬDr Mike Rayner ࠝ࠶ࠢࠬࡈࠜ࡯࠼ᄢቇ ౏ⴐⴡ↢ቇㇱ ⧷࿖ᔃ⤳∛ၮ㊄ஜᐽផㅴ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ ઍ⴫
Mr Dale Robinson South Cambridgeshire ࿾ၞද⼏ળ ⅣႺஜᐽዪ㐳
Ms Joyce Rothschild Solihull Metropolitan Borough ࠞ࠙ࡦࠪ࡞ ఽ┬ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬะ਄ࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠩ࡯
Dr Tracey Sach East Anglia ᄢቇ‫ ޔ‬ஜᐽ⚻ᷣቇ ਄⚖⻠ᏧProfessor Mark Sculpher ࡛࡯ࠢᄢቇஜᐽ⚻ᷣቇ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ஜᐽ⚻ᷣቇᢎ᝼
Dr David Sloan ౏ⴐⴡ↢੐ᬺ రઍ⴫
Dr Stephanie Taylor Barts and The London ක⑼ᱤ⑼ᄢቇ‫ޔ‬ஜᐽ⑼ቇ࠮ࡦ࠲
࡯ᔕ↪⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ ⻠Ꮷ
Dr Stephen Walters Sheffield ᄢቇ ක≮⛔⸘ቇ ⻠Ꮷ
Dr Dagmar Zeuner Hammersmith ߣ Fulham ࿾඙ ౏ⴐⴡ↢⛔วዪ㐳౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ኾ㐷ᆔຬળ co-optees㧔੐ോዪ㧕ኾ㐷ኅ:Amanda Brown ⧷࿖ᢎ⡯ຬ⚵ว 㓹↪᧦ઙߣ㓹↪ᮭ೑ㇱ㐷ઍ⴫
Alison Cobb MIND‫ޔ‬᡽╷ᆔຬ
Page 25 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ
Helen Kirk HK ࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠹ࠖࡦࠣ␠‫␠ޔ‬㐳
Ben Willmott ੱ᧚㐿⊒දળ‫౒౏ޔ‬᡽╷਄⚖ࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠩ࡯
౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ኾ㐷ᆔຬળߩ ታ⸽ኾ㐷ኅ:
Cary L Cooper ࡜ࡦࠞࠬ࠲࡯ᄢቇ ࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ቇㇱ CBE ᢎ᝼
Richard Graveling ࠛࠫࡦࡃ࡜‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺ∛කቇ⎇ⓥᚲ ੱ㑆⑼ቇㇱ㐳
Bob Grove Sainsbury ♖␹ⴡ↢࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ੱ᧚ណ↪ㇱ㐳
Peter Kelly Bootle ஜᐽ቟ోዪ ஜᐽᔃℂቇ࡙࠾࠶࠻ ↥ᬺⴡ↢ᔃℂቇ⠪
Ira Madan ࿖┙ஜᐽჇㅴዪ Plus ⥃ᐥᮡḰൻዪ㐳
Mark Petticrew ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦᄢቇ ⴡ↢කቇ෸߮ᾲᏪකቇ⑼ ᢎ᝼
Richard Preece ࿖┙ஜᐽჇㅴዪ ା⸤ၮ㊄ Mid Cheshire ∛㒮‫↥ޔ‬ᬺකቇࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠲ࡦ࠻
Ivan Robertson ࡠࡃ࡯࠻࠰ࡦ ࠢ࡯ࡄ࡯␠ ␠㐳 ౗ ࡝࡯࠼ᄢቇࡆࠫࡀࠬࠬ
ࠢ࡯࡞⚵❱ᔃℂቇᢎ᝼
Linda Seymour Sainsbury ♖␹ⴡ↢࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ᡽╷ㇱ㐳
Gordon Waddell Cardiff ᄢቇ ᔃℂ␠ળ෸߮り૕㓚ኂ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ CBEᢎ᝼NICE ⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴ ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻࠴࡯ࡓ
Mike Kelly
CPHE㧔The Centre for Public Health Excellence㧩౏ⴐⴡ↢⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧕ઍ⴫
Jane Huntley೽ዪ㐳Page 26 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ
Amanda KilloranਥᏨࠕ࠽࡝ࠬ࠻
Andrew Hoy
ࠕ࠽࡝ࠬ࠻Peter Shearnࠕ࠽࡝ࠬ࠻
Adrienne Cullumࠕ࠽࡝ࠬ࠻Melanie Iddon
ࠕ࠽࡝ࠬ࠻
Patti Whiteࠕ࠽࡝ࠬ࠻
Anthony Threlfallࠕ࠽࡝ࠬ࠻Chris Carmonaࠕ࠽࡝ࠬ࠻Bhash Naidooஜᐽ⚻ᷣቇ ࠹ࠢ࠾ࠞ࡞ ࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠩ࡯

ᄖㇱᄾ⚂ᯏ㑐
ክᩏᆔຬ㧦᦭ലᕈߩ⹏ଔ
ክᩏ㧝‫ޟ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴߦነਈߔࠆ⡯႐੺౉⺞ᩏ‫↥ߪޠ‬ᬺකቇ⎇ⓥᚲߦࠃߞߡߥߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫⺞ޕ‬ᩏ⚿ᨐߩ౒หၫ╩⠪ߪ RA Gravelling, JO
Crawford, H Cowie, C Amati and S Vohra ╬ߢߔ‫ޕ‬

Page 27 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ
ክᩏ 2: ‫ޟ‬㧔઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆ⑔␩ࠍଦㅴߔࠆ㧕↢↥⊛ߢஜᐽ⊛ߥ௛߈ᣇࠍߣ߅ߒ
ߚᔃߩஜᐽ‫ߪޠ‬ஜᐽ✚ว⎇ⓥᚲߦࠃߞߡⴕߥࠊࠇ߹ߒߚ‫⺞ޕ‬ᩏ⚿ᨐߩ౒หၫ
╩⠪ߪ S Baxter, L Goyder, K Herrmann, S Pickvance and J Chilcott ╬ߢߔ‫ޕ‬‫⺞⚳ᦨޟ‬ᩏႎ๔߳ߩ⵬⿷ᖱႎ‫౒ߩޠ‬หၫ╩⠪ߪ S Baxter, L Goyder, K
Herrmann, S Pickvance and J Chilcott ╬ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ክᩏᆔຬ: ⚻ᷣᕈಽᨆ‫ޟ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆ౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ߩ⾌↪ኻലᨐ⺰ᢥߩ⹏ଔ‫ޠ‬ߩ⚻ᷣᕈಽᨆߪ Metroeconomica ⹹ߦࠃߞߡⴕߥࠊࠇ߹ߒߚ‫౒ޕ‬ห⪺⠪ߪ R
Boyd, A Hunt, and R Ortiz ╬ߢߔ‫ޕ‬⚻ᷣᕈࡕ࠺࡞ൻߩ⚿ᨐߪ‫ޟ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆ౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ߩ⚻ᷣᕈ⹏ଔ‫ߦޠ‬ႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬Metroeconomica ⹹౒ห⪺⠪ߪ R Boyd, A
Hunt, and R Ortiz ╬ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᦝߦ‫౉੺↢ⴡⴐ౏ޔ‬ኾ㐷ᆔຬળߪ‫ࠅࠃޔ‬ᐢ޿▸࿐ߢߩឭ⸒ታᣉߩ⾌↪ኻലᨐࠍ⚻ᷣᕈಽᨆ ߔࠆߚ߼ߩⷐઙࠍᬌ⸛ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޔߪࠇߘޕ‬ዷᦸࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ
࠻㧦ࡔࡦ࠲࡞࡮ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞ߣ࠙ࠚ࡞ࡆ࡯ࠗࡦࠣ࡮ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩዷᦸ(2008)ߦࠃߞߡⴕߥࠊࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ో❱⚵ޕ‬૕߳ߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߩ⾌↪ኻലᨐߩ੍᷹ߪዷ
ᦸࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ৻ߟߣߒߡ⧷࿖᡽ᐭߦႎ๔ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ታ࿾⺞ᩏ‫ޟ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦߦߟ޿ߡߩ⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴ߩឭ⸒⨲᩺‫ߩޠ‬ታ࿾⺞ᩏߪ Greenstreet Berman ᳁ߦࠃߞߡ
ߥߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬

ઃ㍳ B㧦ᧄࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ૞ᚑߦ૶↪ߒߚᣇᴺߩ᭎ⷐ
ߪߓ߼ߦ⹏ଔߣ⚻ᷣᕈಽᨆߪ‫⑼ޔ‬ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚㧔⺞ᩏᣇ㊎ࠍ฽߻㧕ߩㆬᛯߩߚ߼ߦ૶↪ߒ
ߚᣇᴺߩ⹦⚦ߥోౝኈࠍ฽ߺ‫ߩߘޔ‬ຠ⾰ࠍᬌ⸛ߒ߹ߣ߼ࠆ߽ߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬

Page 28 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ
౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ኾ㐷ᆔຬળߩ⼏੐㍳ߦࠃࠇ߫‫ߦ⚦⹦ࠅࠃޔ‬ᆔຬળ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦ
⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ࠍ⸃㉼ߒឭ⸒ࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ߆߇್ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ోߡߩ㑐ㅪᦠ㘃ߪઃ㍳ E ߦ৻ⷩ߇⸥タߐࠇ www.nice.org.uk/PH22 ߆ࠄ౉ᚻߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬↢↥⊛ߢஜᐽ⊛ߥ௛߈ᣇߦࠃࠆᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߦណ↪ߐࠇߚᣇᴺߪ‫ޔ‬ᦨㄭᡷ⸓ߐࠇߚ‫⧷ޟ‬࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴ߦࠃࠆ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߩ૞
ᚑᣇᴺ‫(ޠ‬2009)ߦ߹ߣ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߩౣᬌ⸛ߪ 3 ߟߩᲑ㓏ߦಽߌࠄࠇ‫ߪࠄࠇߘޔ‬㧧
1.

੺౉ߩ⹏ଔ⎇ⓥߩታ⸽ߩ⚵❱⊛ߥ⹏ଔ㧔2008 ᐕ 3 ᦬㧕

2.

⎇ⓥࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ⹜ߒ‫ࠆߔ౉੺ޔ‬ㆬᛯ⢇㧔ኾ㐷ኅኻᾖࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦࠃߞߡ⏕ቯߐࠇߚ߽ߩ㧕ߩ᭎ᔨࡕ࠺࡞ߩ૶↪ߣ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߩᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔ㧔2008 ᐕ
7 ᦬㧕‫ޕ‬3.

ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ૞ᚑߩၮ⋚ߣߒߡᧄࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߦࠃߞߡᓧࠄࠇߚ⍮⷗ߩᬌ⸛
㧔2009 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 2 ᦬㧕Page 29 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ
ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߩ૞ᚑ
ߎߩ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆᚻ㗅ߩ᭎ⷐߪᰴߩࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
1. ᣇ㊎ߩ⨲᩺ࠍࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠲ࡦ࠻ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦ౏㐿2. ᣇ㊎ߩ⨲᩺ߦߟ޿ߡ㑐ଥ⠪ળ⼏ࠍⴕߥ߁
3. 㑐ଥ⠪ߩᗧ⷗ࠍ⨲᩺ߩᡷ⸓ߦ෻ᤋ
4. ᦨ⚳ᣇ㊎ߣ౏ߩᗧ⷗߳ߩ㄰╵ࠍ࠙ࠚࡉࡍ࡯ࠫߦ౏㐿
5. ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߩ⹏ଔߣ⚻ᷣᕈಽᨆࠍታᣉ٧ Ბ㓏 1: ੺౉ߩ⹏ଔߣ⚻ᷣᕈಽᨆߩ♽⛔⊛ߥ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯٧ Ბ㓏 2: ᭽‫⑼ࠆߥ⇣ߥޘ‬ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦኻߒߡ᭎ᔨ⊛ߥࡈ࡟࡯ࡓࡢ࡯ࠢߣ
ਥ㗴ߩᢛวᕈࠍ⹏ଔ٧ Ბ㓏 3: ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߣឭ⸒ߩ⨲᩺ߩ૞ᚑ
6. ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߩ⹏ଔߣ⚻ᷣᕈಽᨆࠍද⼏
7. ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߩ⨲᩺ࠍද⼏ߒታ࿾⺞ᩏߔࠆ
8. ౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ኾ㐷ᆔຬળ߇ឭ⸒ࠍᡷ⸓
9. ᦨ⚳ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬࠍ࠙ࠚࡉࡍ࡯ࠫߦ౏㐿10. ࠙ࠚࡉࡍ࡯ࠫߦߡ‫ߩ౏ޔ‬ᗧ⷗ߦ㄰╵ߔࠆਥߚࠆ⺖㗴ᣇ㊎ߦઃ㓐ߒߡਥⷐߥ⺖㗴߇↢ߓ߹ߔ‫ߪࠄࠇߘޕ‬ታ଀ߩ⹏ଔߩ಴⊒ὐߣߥࠅ‫ޔ‬౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ኾ㐷ᆔຬળ ߇ឭ⸒ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߚ߼ߦᵴ↪ߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬൮᜝⊛ߥ⺖㗴ߪ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩߣ߅ࠅߢߔ‫ޕ‬٧ ઀੐ߣ⡯႐ⅣႺ߇‫ޔ‬ᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆߩߦߤߩࠃ߁ߦ૞↪ߔࠆߩ߆㧫

Page 30 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ
㑐ㅪߔࠆ⺖㗴ߪ㧧
1.

ߤߩ੺౉߇ᦨ߽ലᨐ⊛ߢ⾌↪ኻലᨐ߇ఝࠇࠆߡ޿ࠆ߆‫ޕ‬

2.

᦭ലߢ⾌↪ኻലᨐ߇㜞޿ᔃߩஜᐽផㅴ╷ߦߪ‫઀ߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬੐ߣ⡯႐Ⅳ
Ⴚߩ․ᕈ߇޽ࠆߩ߆㧫3.

ᄖ⊛ⷐ࿃㧔଀߃߫ᱫ೎‫ޔ‬ኅᐸ፣უ‫ޔ‬୫㊄ߥߤ㧕ߦࠃࠆࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ‫ޔ‬ਇ቟␹⚻∝‫ߦ╬∛ߟ߁ޔ‬ኻಣߔࠆഭ௛⠪ߦኻߒߡ‫࡯ࡐࠨߥ⊛❱⚵ߦ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬࠻߇ߢ߈ࠆߩ߆㧫4.

ᄙ᭽ߥ⡯ᬺࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ߿⚵❱ߩ⁁ᴫߦኻߒߡ‫ߦ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬ஜᐽ⊛ߥ⡯႐ⅣႺࠍߟߊࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩ߆㧫5.

㓹↪⠪߇ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛ᘠⴕ߿ⅣႺࠍㆡ↪ߒᬌ⸛ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫߆ߩ޿ࠃ߫ࠇߔࠍ࠻࡯ࡐࠨߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬㧫

6.

㓹↪⠪ߣഭ௛⠪෺ᣇߩߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆ⋡⊛ߢ੺౉ࠍታᣉߔࠆ႐วߦߪ‫ޔ‬૗߇㓚ኂߣߥࠅ૗߇ଦㅴⷐ⚛ߦߥࠆߩ߆㧫7.

ஜᐽߩᐔ╬ᕈࠍଦㅴߔࠆ੺౉ߪ‫ޔ‬ᔃߩஜᐽߣ↢↥ᕈߦ߽ᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆߩ
߆?

8.

⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴߪ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ⅣႺߣ↢↥ᕈࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦᡷༀߔ
ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩ߆㧫9.

㓹↪⠪ߦߣߞߡ૗߇⚻⾌ߢ૗߇⚻ᷣ⊛೑⋉ߦߥࠆߩ߆㧫㧦ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆ੐ᬺ଀ߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩ߆㧫ߎࠇࠄߩ⾰໧ߪᦝߦ⹦ߒߊᬌ⸛ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ㧔⹦⚦ߪ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍෳᾖߊߛߐ
޿㧕

Page 31 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ

⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߩ⹏ଔ
Ბ㓏㧝: ੺౉ߩ᦭ലᕈߣ⚻ᷣಽᨆߩ♽⛔⊛ߥ⹏ଔ⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆ⋡⊛ߢⴕߥߞߚ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩ੺౉⎇ⓥߩ᦭ലᕈ߇⹏ଔߐࠇߚ㧔࡟ࡆࡘ࡯㧝㧕‫⹏ᧄޕ‬ଔߪ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߣ⡯႐ⅣႺߦࠃࠆᔃߩஜᐽࠍ
ផㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߩ⚵❱ో૕ߩᣇ㊎ߣขࠅ⚵ߺߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ታᣉߒߚ੺౉ߦߟ޿ߡ
ߩ⹏ଔߦὶὐ߇ᒰߡࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴ߩᣇᴺߦḰ᜚ߒߡ‫⑼ޔ‬ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߩ♽⛔⊛ߥ⹏ଔࠍⴕ޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬19 ୘ߩ࠺࡯࠲ࡌ࡯ࠬߣ 24 ୘ߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻ࠍᬌ⚝ߒ‫⎇౉੺ޔ‬ⓥߣ⹏ଔࠍⴕ޿߹ߒߚ‫⎇ޕ‬ⓥౝኈߦߪ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩ⡯႐߳ߩ੺౉ߩታᣉߣߘߒߡ
᦭ലߥ⚿ᨐߩᣇᴺߩᵴ↪߽฽߹ࠇ߹ߔ‫⎇ᧄޕ‬ⓥߢߪ‫⮎ޔ‬ℂቇ⊛޽ࠆ޿ߪᚗ޿ߪ␠ળᔃℂቇ⊛ߥᴦ≮ࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆߣ⸻ᢿߐࠇߚᔃߩஜᐽ⁁ᘒߦ੺౉ߔࠆ⎇ⓥߪ㒰ᄖߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬66 ୘ߩ੍஻⎇ⓥ߇ᬌ⸛ኻ⽎ၮḰߣߒߡណ↪ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ߪࠄࠇߎޕ‬᭽‫❱⚵ߥޘ‬ో૕߿ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻಣ߳ߩ੺౉ࠍࠞࡃ࡯ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᷝઃߐࠇߡ޿ࠆᢥ₂࡮ᦠ㘃ߪ⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴ߩᣇᴺ⺰࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢ࡝ࠬ࠻ߦଐ᜚ߒߡᣇᴺ⺰ߩ෩ᩰᕈߣຠ⾰߇ክᩏᷣߺߢ޽ࠅ‫⧷ޔ‬࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴ߩࡑ࠾ࡘࠕ࡞‫⧷ޟ‬࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߩታᣉᣇᴺ㓸‫ޠ‬㧔ઃ㍳ E ෳᾖ㧕ߦ⸥タߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ታ⸽࠺࡯࠲ߪ੐଀৻ⷩߦឝタߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫⹏ޕ‬ଔ߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇߚ⍮⷗ߪ߹ߣ߼ࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬ਥⷐߥ⺖㗴ߦኻߔࠆ੐଀ࠍ↪޿ߚ࿁╵଀ߣߒߡ૶
↪ߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ㧔⹦⚦࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬⹏ଔႎ๔ో૕ߣߒߡߪ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߣ⡯႐ⅣႺߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߩ
⚵❱ో૕ߩᣇ㊎ߣขࠅ⚵ߺߦኻߒߡߪᲧセ⊛㒢ቯߐࠇߚ▸࿐ߩታ⸽ߣߥߞߡ
޿߹ߔ‫߽ᦨޕ‬ᒝജߥ㧔੐଀ᢙߪዋߥ޿߇㧕੺౉੐଀ߪࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻಣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ୘‫ޕߔߢࠬ࡯ࠤߩੱޘ‬ᦝߦߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬Ბ㓏ߢߪ⚻ᷣ⊛ലᨐߣ⾌↪ኻലᨐಽᨆ߽฽߹ࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫⚻ޕ‬ᷣࡕ࠺࡞ߪ᦭ലᕈ⹏ଔ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ⚵ߺㄟࠎߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

Page 32 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ
⚻ᷣ࠺࡯࠲ࡌ࡯ࠬ EconLit ߣஜᐽ⚻ᷣᕈ⹏ଔ࠺࡯࠲ࡌ࡯ࠬߣ࿖┙ஜᐽჇㅴዪ
⚻ᷣᕈ⹏ଔ࠺࡯࠲ࡌ࡯ࠬࠍᬌ⚝ߒ᦭ലߥ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚㧔⹏ଔ㧝㧕߽⺞ᩏߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᚑੱഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆ⡯႐ࠍၮ⋚ߣߒߚ੺౉ߩో૕⊛ߥ⚻ᷣᕈ⹏ଔࠍᬌ⚝ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬50 ᧄߩႎ๔ᦠߩ߁ߜ‫ޔ‬㒰ᄖ/ኻ⽎ၮḰࠍㆡ↪ߒߚ ᓟߦណ↪ߐࠇߚቢోߥ⹏ଔႎ๔ᦠߪࠊߕ߆ 2 ᧄߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ኾ㐷ᆔຬળߪ‫ ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬1 ᰴᬌ⸛⚿ᨐࠍ߽ߣߦ‫ࡠࡊࠕ⊛❱⚵ޔ‬࡯࠴㧔઀੐ߣ⡯႐ⅣႺߩ⾰㧕ࠍታᣉߦߪ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚㧔ታ⸽㧕߇ਇචಽߢ޽ࠆ
ߣ್ᢿߒ ߹ߒߚ‫౉੺↢ⴡⴐ౏ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ኾ㐷ᆔຬળߪഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍផ
ㅴߔࠆ੐ߪ⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߩ㊀ⷐߥᓎഀߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ߡ޿߹ߔ‫⑼߃ࠁࠇߘޕ‬ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߩ⹏ଔߦߪ‫ࠆߥ⇣ޔ‬⒳㘃ߩ⎇ⓥ߿ᢥ₂ࠍዉ౉ߒߡᐢߊ⹏ଔߩኻ⽎ߦߔߴ߈ߛߣߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬Ბ㓏 2:᭎ᔨߩࡈ࡟࡯ࡓࡢ࡯ࠢߣ࠹࡯ࡑߦ޽ߡߪ߼ߚ⹏ଔ
౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ኾ㐷ᆔຬળ ߪᧄࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߩ૞ᚑߩߚ߼ߦᣂߒ޿ขࠅ⚵ߺࠍᬌ⸛ߒวᗧߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ోߡߩ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߪ౏ⴐⴡ↢⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩࡔ࠰࠶࠼㧔ᣇᴺ㧕ࡑ࠾ࡘࠕ࡞ᡷ⸓(2009)ߦࠃࠆ‫ޟ‬᭎ᔨߩᨒ⚵ߺ‫ߦޠ‬Ḱ᜚ߒߡ౏๔ߐࠇࠆ੐ߦߥࠅ

߹ߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᨒ⚵ߺߪ⡯႐ߩᔃߩஜᐽߦㆡ↪ߐࠇ‫ߦࠄߐޔ‬ᄙ᭽ߥ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ࠍㅢߒߡ⹜ߐࠇ૞ᚑߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ోޕ‬࿖ߩ੐ᬺ႐߿⚵❱‫ޔ‬ⅣႺⷐ࿃߿␠ળᢥൻߩ૞
↪㧔᭴ㅧ‫ߺ⚵઀ޔ‬㧕‫❱⚵ޟޔ‬ⅣႺ‫ޔߡߒ߅ߣࠍޠ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽߦᓇ㗀ߔࠆ߆ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᨒ⚵ߺߢߪ᏷ᐢ޿ⷐ࿃ࠍ․ቯߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ஜᐽߥ⡯႐ߩਥߥⷐ⚛ࠍ᭎ᔨൻߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫࡞࠺ࡕߥ⚦⹦ࠅࠃޔ‬ൻ߇ߥߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޔߪࠇߘޕ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߦᔃߩஜᐽࠍჇㅴߔࠆ․ᕈ߿‫ⷐࠬ࡟࠻ࠬޔ‬࿃ߩࠃ߁ߦᔃߩஜᐽߦ࡝ࠬࠢߦߥࠆߣ޿߁․ᓽ߇޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧔ߘࠇߦࠃࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ߎࠇࠄߩ઀੐ߩ․ᕈߪၮᧄ⊛ߦᔃߩஜᐽࠍଦㅴߒ‫ⷐࠬ࡟࠻ࠬޟ‬࿃‫ߡߒߣޠ‬૞↪ߔࠆ࡝ࠬࠢࠍૐᷫߐߖࠆߎߣߢߔ‫ ޕ‬㧕౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ኾ㐷ᆔຬળߪ 2008 ᐕ 7 ᦬ߩળ⼏ߦ߅޿ߡ‫⑼ޔ‬ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߩ⹏ଔ
ࠍၮ␆ߣߔࠆ⋡⊛ߢߎߩࡕ࠺࡞ࠍណ↪ߔࠆ੐ߦߟ޿ߡ ᬌ⸛ߒวᗧߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
Page 33 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ
ࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠬࠍⴕߥ߁ߚ߼ߦኾ㐷ኅኻᾖࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㧔หಽ㊁ߩ⎇ⓥ⠪߿ኾ㐷ኅߦࠃࠅ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ㧕߇⚵❱ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫⎇ߪࡊ࡯࡞ࠣߩߎޕ‬ⓥ⺖㗴㧔․ቯߩ⎇ⓥ‫ޔ‬ኻᾖ߿࠺࡯࠲࠰࡯ࠬ㧕ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆㆡಾߥ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ࠍ⏕ቯߔࠆࠨࡐ࡯࠻ࠍⴕ
޿‫⧷ޔ‬࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴ߩᛛⴚ࠴࡯ࡓ߇ߘߩ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ૶↪ߒߚ࠺࡯࠲
ࡌ࡯ࠬࠍ૞ᚑߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
Sheffield ᄢቇߩஜᐽ✚ว⎇ⓥᚲ㧔The School of Health and Related
Research 㧦ScHARR)ߪߎߩታ⸽࠺࡯࠲ߩᬌ⸛⹏ଔࠍⴕߥ߁ᬺോࠍછ๮ߐࠇ
ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ታ⸽▸଀߇ᐢߊ᭽‫ߥޘ‬᭽⋧ࠍ๒ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢ‫ޟ‬વ⛔⊛‫⊛❱⚵ߥޠ‬⹏ଔᬌ⸛ᣇᴺߩណ↪ߪㆡಾߣߪ⸒߃߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬੐଀ࠍਥ㗴ߏߣߦ⹏ଔᬌ⸛ߒߡ
޿ߊ੐ߦࠃߞߡ㧔⹏ଔᬌ⸛ኻ⽎ߩ㧕઀੐ߩ․ᕈߦߟ޿ߡℂ⸃ࠍᷓ߼‫ޔ‬ᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆ߆៊ߥ߁ߩ߆‫ⷐࠄࠇߘߡߒߘޔ‬࿃߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦ㑐ଥߔࠆ߆߇᣿
⏕ߦߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬᭎ᔨൻࡕ࠺࡞ߩ࠹ࠬ࠻ߣᵞ✵ൻࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
ᢥ₂㘃ߪᣇ㊎⿰ᗧᦠ߿᭽‫⎇ߥޘ‬ⓥ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߦၮߠ޿ߚႎ๔ᦠ߿ታ⸽⎇ⓥߥߤ
ࠍ฽߻᏷ᐢ޿▸࿐ߩ߽ߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬ஜᐽ⛽ᜬߦ㑐ࠊࠆ⚻ᷣᕈߣ੐ᬺ▸଀ߪᬌ⸛⹏ଔߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠅ‫੍ߦ․ޔ‬᷹ႎ๔㧔ࡔࡦ࠲࡞࡮ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞ߣ࠙ࠚ࡞ࡆ࡯ࠗࡦࠣ࡮ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩዷᦸ 2008㧕ࠍ⚵ߺㄟࠎߛ߽ߩߣߥߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࠺࡯࠲ߩቯᕈ⊛ಽᨆߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᮡḰൻߐࠇߚᛛᴺࠍ↪޿ߡ࠺࡯࠲ࠍಽᨆߒߡ‫ޔ‬ਥ㗴ࠍ⏕ቯߒ‫⺰ޔ‬ℂ⊛ߦ⺑᣿น⢻ߥ઀⚵ߺߦߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᬌ⸛⹏ଔߪ↢↥ᕈߩ㜞޿ஜᐽߥ⚵❱ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆⷐ⚛ߩ․ቯߦὶὐࠍᒰߡߡ޿߹ߔ‫઀ߦ․ޕ‬੐ߣᔃߩஜᐽߣߩ‫ޟ‬ℂ⺰⊛ߥ‫ޠ‬㑐ㅪ㧔࿃ᨐ㑐ଥ㧕ࠍቯ⟵ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ታ࿾⺞ᩏታ࿾⺞ᩏߦࠃߞߡ‫⧷ޔ‬࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴ߩឭ⸒߇㓹↪⠪ߦߣߞߡߤߩ
ࠃ߁ߦ᦭ലߢ޽ࠆ߆ߣ‫ޔ‬ታⴕߦ⒖ߔߩߦㆡߒߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠍ⹏ଔߒ߹ߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬⺞ᩏߪ‫ޔ‬㓹↪⠪ߣഭ௛⠪‫ߡߒߘޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩஜᐽߦ⽿છࠍᜬߟഭ௛⠪ߩઍ⴫‫ޔ‬ߐࠄߦߪ଻ஜኾ㐷ኅ߿ஜᐽផㅴࠨ࡯ࡆࠬឭଏᯏ㑐ߦࠃߞߡㆇ༡ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߘࠇࠄߩੱ‫౒౏ޔߪޘ‬੐ᬺ‫ޔ‬༡೑੐ᬺ‫ࠕࠖ࠹ࡦ࡜ࡏޔ‬㑐ଥߥߤߢ௛޿ߡ޿ࠆ
ੱࠍ฽ࠎߢ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
Page 34 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ
ታ࿾⺞ᩏߪᰴߩߎߣࠍ฽ߺ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬٧ 㓹↪⠪‫ޔ‬㓹↪⠪ߣഭ௛⠪ߩઍ⴫‫ޔ‬ஜᐽߦ㑐ߔࠆኾ㐷ኅ߿ஜᐽផㅴࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ
ឭଏᯏ㑐߆ࠄߥࠆ 8 ઙߩࡢ࡯࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊࠍࡃ࡯ࡒࡦࠟࡓ‫ࡦࡑޔࡦ࠼ࡦࡠޔ‬࠴ࠚࠬ࠲࡯ߢታᣉ‫ޕ‬٧ ޽ࠄ߆ߓ߼‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᬺ⒳ߩੱ੐ㇱ߿↥ᬺ଻ஜㇱ㐷 40 ▎ᚲߦ㔚⹤ߢࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍታᣉ‫ޕ‬ࡢ࡯࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊߣ㔚⹤ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ߪ‫ޔ‬චಽߦᐢ޿࿾ၞࠍࠞࡃ࡯ߔࠆࠃ߁
ߦᆔ⸤ߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫⺞ߩߎޕ‬ᩏ߆ࠄ಴ߐࠇߚ⺖㗴ߪઃ㍳ C ߩታ࿾⺞ᩏߦࠃࠆ⍮⷗ߦ⸥タߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ታ࿾⺞ᩏߩోႎ๔ߪ‫ޟ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽ
ࠍផㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߩ⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴ឭ⸒⨲᩺૞ᚑࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠹࡯ࠪ
࡚ࡦ‫ޠ‬www.nice.org.uk/PH22 ࠍߏෳᾖߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ኾ㐷ᆔຬળߪឭ⸒ࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦ╷ቯߒߚߩ߆
2009 ᐕ 1 ᦬ߣ 2 ᦬ߩળ⼏ߦ߅޿ߡ౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ኾ㐷ᆔຬળ ߪឭ⸒ߩ૞ᚑߩ
ၮ⋚ߣߥࠆታ⸽▸଀ߩ⹏ଔߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ኾ㐷ኅኻᾖࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߣ
co-optees 㧔੐ോዪ㧕߇ߎߩᎿ⒟⴫ߩ૞ᚑࠍⴕ޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ኾ㐷ᆔຬળߪ㕖౏ᑼߩวᗧߩ߽ߣ‫ޔ‬ឭ⸒ߩ⨲᩺ࠍ૞ᚑߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ኾ㐷ᆔຬળߪ‫઀ޔ‬੐෸߮ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽߩ․ᕈߣᬺ❣ߣߩ㑐ଥߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬᭎ᔨߩᅷᒰᕈߩᩮ᜚ࠍหቯߒ⹏ଔߔࠆ▸࿐ࠍᬌ⸛ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ߎޕ‬ࠇࠄߪࠬ࠻࡟ࠬⷐ࿃ߩน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆߩߢ‫ࠆߔ౉੺ޔ‬㗔ၞߣߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ߎࠇࠄߩ㑐ㅪᕈߩᒝߐߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޟ‬ਃⷺᒻಽഀᴺ‫⹏ߡ޿↪ࠍޠ‬ଔߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߎߩ⵬ቢ⊛ߥ⎇ⓥߪஜᐽ✚ว⎇ⓥᚲߦࠃߞߡߥߐࠇ‫ޔ‬㑐ㅪᕈߦߟ޿ߡߩᄙߊ
ߩ⇣ߥࠆᒻᑼߩታ⸽଀߇␜ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ᦨߩઁޔߪߦᦝޕ‬ㄭߩ⎇ⓥߩㆀⴕߢ᣿
ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚਅ⸥ߩ⍮⷗߽ᬌ⸛ߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬٧ ‫ޟ‬੐ᬺ੐଀ߦ߅ߌࠆࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߦኻߔࠆࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ᮡḰᴺ㧦ࡔ࠲ಽᨆࠍ
ၮ⋚ߣߒߚ⚿⺰‫ޠ‬㧔ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦᄢቇࠧ࡯࡞࠼ࠬࡒࠬࠞ࡟࠶ࠫ㧕ஜᐽ቟ోዪ
(2006)
Page 35 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ٧ ‫࠻ࠢࠚࠫࡠࡊ⚳ᦨޟ‬ႎ๔‫ߩ␩⑔ߣ⾰⾗↢ⴡ␹♖ޠ‬ዷᦸࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻
(2008)٧ ‫ޟ‬Dame Carol Black ᳁ߩ⺞ᩏႎ๔‫⧷ޕ‬࿖ߩഭ௛ᐕ㦂ߦ޽ࠆ࿖᳃ߩஜᐽ‫ޕ‬ࠃࠅஜోߥ዁᧪߳ߩ⡯႐‫ޠ‬ஜᐽ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛‫( ࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊ␩⑔ޔ‬2008)‫ޕ‬ߎߩ⎇ⓥ⚿ᨐߪ‫ᦨߩઁޔ‬ㄭߩ૕♽⊛ߥ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߣวࠊߖߡ್ᢿߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬น⢻ߥ㒢ࠅ‫ߩߎޔ‬ឭ⸒ߪ઀੐ߩᨒ⚵ߺ߿઀੐߇ౝ൮ߔࠆࠬ࠻࡟ࠬⷐ࿃ߦ㑐ㅪ
ߔࠆ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߣ㑐ㅪઃߌࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߔ㧔⹦ߒߊߪઃ㍳ C ෳᾖ㧕‫ߒ߽ޕ‬ឭ⸒
߇⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚߆ࠄផ⺰ߐࠇࠆ႐วߪ‫ޟ‬IDE(inference derived from theevidence㧦⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚߆ࠄߩផ⺰)ෳᾖ‫ޕߔ߹ࠇߐ⸥⴫ߣޠ‬ឭ⸒ࠍ฽߻⨲᩺ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߪ 2009 ᐕ 4 ᦬ߦࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦ
౏㐿ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬2009 ᐕ 6 ᦬ߩળ⼏ߦ߅޿ߡ‫౉੺↢ⴡⴐ౏ޔ‬ኾ㐷ᆔຬળ ߇㑐ଥ⠪߿ኾ㐷ኅ෸߮ታ࿾⺞ᩏߩᗧ⷗ࠍరߦࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߩᡷ⸓ࠍⴕ޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߪ 2009 ᐕ 9 ᦬ߦ⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴ ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬዪ߆ࠄ๔
␜ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬

Page 36 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴઃ㍳ C㧦⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚
ߎߩઃ㍳ߪឭ⸒ߩ૞ᚑߦᵴ↪ߐࠇߚᄖㇱᄾ⚂ᯏ㑐㧞⠪ߦࠃࠆ᦭ലᕈ⹏ଔߣኾ
㐷ኅႎ๔ߣߦ㑐ㅪߠߌߡ޿߹ߔ㧔ਅ⸥ߩታ⸽▸଀⹏ଔߣኾ㐷ኅႎ๔ߣࠍෳ
ᾖ㧕‫⚻ߪߦࠇߘޕ‬ᷣᕈಽᨆߩࠨࡑ࡝࡯߽⸥タߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߒ߽ ޕ‬ឭ⸒߇ᩮ᜚
ߩ⺰⹏߿ኾ㐷ኅߩႎ๔߆ࠄ⋥ធណ↪ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬ታ଀߆ࠄផ⺰ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߩ႐วߪ‫ޟ‬IDE‫߇⸥⴫߁޿ߣޠ‬ਅߦ⴫␜ߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ឭ⸒ 1: R1 (ታ▸଀⇟ภ 5 ߣ 6), R2, ER 1, 2, 3
ឭ⸒ 2: R2, ER1, 2
ឭ⸒ 3: R2, ER2
ឭ⸒ 4: R2, ER1, 2
ឭ⸒ 5: IDE⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߩ⹏ଔᬌ⸛
⹏ଔᬌ⸛ 2 (R2)ਥ㗴⹏ଔᬌ⸛ (‫ߢ⊛↥↢ޟ‬ஜᐽߥ⡯႐ⅣႺߦࠃࠆᔃߩஜᐽ‫઀ࠅࠃߦ)ޠ‬੐ౝኈ߿઀੐ߩᨒ⚵ߺߩ․ᕈߢ‫ⷐࠬ࡟࠻ࠬޔ‬࿃ߣߒߡ૞↪ߔࠆ߽ߩࠍ⏕ቯߒ߹ߒߚ
㧔ਅ⸥৻ⷩ⴫ෳᾖ㧕‫․ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᕈߪഭ௛⠪ߩᕈᩰߣ⋧੕ߦ㑐ଥߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ഭ௛⠪߇ߤߩ⒟ᐲࠬ࠻࡟ࠬࠍᗵߓࠆ߆ߪ‫ޔ‬୘‫ߣ⾰⾗ߩੱޘ‬ㆡᔕᕈߛߌߢߥߊ‫ޔ‬
ߤߩ⒟ᐲ‫ޔ‬ㆡಾߥࠨࡐ࡯࠻߿▤ℂ߇ߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߆ߦ߽ࠃࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

Page 37 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ
઀੐ߣᔃߩஜᐽߣߩ㑐ଥ㧦⡯႐ࠍ⿠࿃ߣߔࠆࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ
઀੐ߩⅣႺ߿⁁ᘒ઀੐ߩౝኈࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ᒻᘒ

઀੐ߩⷐ᳞ᐲߣࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ߩᐲว޿

⚵❱਄ߩ౏ᱜߐ

ദജߣႎ㈽⡯႐ߩࠨࡐ࡯࠻

ᓎഀෳ↹઀੐ߩࠬࠤࠫࡘ࡯࡞

ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ

ల⿷ᗵ
቟ቯ㓹↪

3 ߟߩℂ⺰ࡕ࠺࡞߇‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߣᔃℂቇ⊛ߥലᨐߣߩ㑐ㅪᕈߩᄙߊࠍታ⸽ߒߡ޿
߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ദജ㧙ႎ㈽ߩࡃ࡜ࡦࠬߣⷐ᳞㧙ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ࡕ࠺࡞߇ࠃߊ೑↪ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫␠ޔ‬ળᔃℂቇ⊛ߦ໧㗴ߩ޽ࠆ⡯႐ⅣႺߣߪ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߦኻߔࠆ㜞޿ⷐ᳞ߣૐ
޿ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞߇ߺࠄࠇ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬ᄙᄢߥദജߦኻߔࠆዋߥ޿ႎ㈽߇޽ࠆߎߣ߇
┙⸽ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫⊒ࠍ࡞࠺ࡕߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ዷߐߖߚ⚵❱౏ᱜࡕ࠺࡞ߪ‫౏ޔ‬ᐔߐ‫ޔ‬߹ߚᬺോㆀⴕ਄߿ੱ㑆㑐ଥ਄ߢਇ౏ᐔߥᛒ޿ࠍฃߌߚ⚻㛎ߦ㑐ㅪߒߚ໧㗴ࠍ൮᜝ߒߡ޿ࠆ㊀ⷐߥࡕ࠺࡞ߢߔ‫౏ޕ‬ᱜߣ౏ᐔߥᓙㆄߪ♖␹⊛ߥ቟ᔃᗵ‫▤ޔ‬ℂߣ቟ቯᗵࠍ㉯ᚑߒ‫ޔ‬ਇ౏ᐔߥಣㆄࠍ߁ߌߚ⚻㛎ߪࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߣ♖␹ⴡ↢਄ߩ࡝ࠬࠢࠍ߽ߚࠄߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬⹏ଔᬌ⸛ 1 (R1)⹏ଔᬌ⸛ 1 (‫ޟ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆὑߩ⡯႐੺౉‫ )ޠ‬ਥߚࠆ⺖㗴߳ߩታ⸽࠺࡯࠲ࠍⷐ⚂ߒߚታ⸽▸଀ႎ๔ᦠࠍ฽ߺ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧔R2
ߪਥ㗴ߩႎ๔ߢ޽ࠅታ⸽ႎ๔ߪ૶ࠊߥ޿㧕
R1 ታ⸽ႎ๔ᦠ 5ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ▤ℂ࠻࡟࡯࠾ࡦࠣ߇߁߹ߊ޿ߞߚ⇣ߥࠆ⒳㘃ߩ੐଀ࠍࠣ࡟࡯࠼ಽߌ
ߒߚ 8 ੐଀ߢ‫ߩߘޔ‬ౝߩ 6 ੐଀ߪ⺞ᩏ␿ߦࠃߞߡᔃߩஜᐽ߳ߩᱜߩലᨐ߇⸘
᷹ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬1 ੐଀ߪࠝ࡯ࠬ࠻࡜࡝ࠕߢታᣉߒߚή૞ὑൻ⹜㛎ߢ‫߆ߕࠊޔ‬ߦᱜߩലᨐ߇޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ߇‫᦭ߦ⊛⸘⛔ޔ‬ᗧߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎߢߒߚ㧔㧗㧗㧕‫ޕ‬
߽߁ 1 ੐଀ߪ‫ߢ࠷ࠗ࠼ޔ‬ታᣉߐࠇߚ 54 ੱߩ࠼ࠗ࠷ੱࡃࠬㆇォᚻߩࡏ࡜ࡦ࠹ࠖ
ࠕߦࠃࠆ⎇ⓥߢߔ߇‫᦭ߦ⊛⸘⛔ޔ‬ᗧߥ⚿ᨐߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎߢߒߚ‫઀ߩ౉੺ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬ኻ⽎ੱᢙ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥߩ⾰ߥߤߩ㆑޿ߦࠃߞߡ‫⚿ߥ⊛⚳ᦨޔ‬ᨐߪᓧࠄࠇ߹ߖࠎ
ߢߒߚ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᄙ㕙⊛ߥ࠻࡟࡯࠾ࡦࠣߦࠃߞߡࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩ⥄ⷡߣ⥄Ꮖኻಣ߇

Page 38 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ
ផㅴߐࠇ‫ࠬ࡟࠻ࠬޔ‬ૐᷫߩ᦭ലߥᣇ╷ߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ࠆวℂ⊛ߥ⸽᜚߇ᓧࠄࠇ
߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
8 ੐଀ߩౝ 6 ੐଀ߢߪ࠻࡟࡯࠽࡯߿਎⹤ੱ߇ෳടߒߚ࠻࡟࡯࠾ࡦࠣࡊࡠࠣ࡜
ࡓ߇ⴕߥࠊࠇ‫ޔ‬4 ੐଀ߢᔃߩஜᐽߦኻߔࠆᱜߩലᨐ߇⷗ࠄࠇߚߎߣ߇⺞ᩏ␿ߦࠃߞߡ⹏ଔߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬2 ߟߩዊⷙᮨߩή૞ὑൻ⹜㛎㧔㧗ߣ㧗㧕ߢߪዊࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦࠃࠆ⎇ୃ߇ᔃߩஜᐽߦᱜߩലᨐ߇޽ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬☨࿖ߢⴕߥࠊࠇߚ 1 ߟߩή૞ὑൻ⹜㛎㧔㧗㧗㧕ߢߪ‫ࡉࠚ࠙ޔ‬਄ߢⴕ߁▤ℂ࠷
࡯࡞ࠃࠅ߽⚕ߩ▤ℂ࠷࡯࡞ߩ߶߁߇ᔃߩஜᐽࠍᡷༀߔࠆߩߦലᨐ߇㜞޿ߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬R1 ታ⸽ႎ๔ᦠ 6ࡑࠬࠦࡒ㑐ଥડᬺߦൕോߔࠆ 90 ੱߩࡏ࡜ࡦ࠹ࠖࠕࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ⧷࿖ߢⴕߥࠊ
ࠇߚή૞ὑൻ⹜㛎㧔㧗㧕ߢߪ‫ޔ‬3 ࿁ߩඨᣣ࠮࡜ࡇ࡯ߣዞᬺᤨ㑆ౝߩࠞ࠙ࡦ࠮࡜࡯ᵷ㆜߇‫ޔ‬⍴ᦼ㑆ߢᔃߩஜᐽߦᱜߩᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆ੐߇⺞ᩏ␿ߦࠃߞߡ⹏ଔ
ߢ߈߹ߒߚ‫⧷ޕ‬࿖ߢߪ‫ޔࠬ࡟࠻ࠬޔ‬ਇ቟␹⚻∝߿߁ߟ∛ߢㆊ෰ 6 ࡩ᦬(+)ߦ
10 ᣣ߆ߘࠇએ਄ᰳൕߒߚ࿖┙ஜᐽჇㅴዪߣ࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕⡯ຬߦߟ޿ߡ 24 ∝଀‫ޔ‬24 ኻᾖߩή૞ὑൻ⹜㛎ࠍታᣉߒ‫⹺࡯࠲࡯ࡘࡇࡦࠦޔ‬⍮ⴕേ≮ᴺࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍ
↪޿ߚᲤㅳ 8 ࿁ߩ࠮࡜ࡇ࡯ߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬⍴ᦼ㑆ߢᔃߩஜᐽߦᱜߩᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆ੐
߇⺞ᩏ␿ߦࠃߞߡ⹏ଔߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ኾ㐷ኅႎ๔٧ ER1: ‫ޟ‬༡೑੐ᬺ૕ߦ߅ߌࠆࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߦኻߔࠆࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ၮḰ㧦ࡔ࠲ಽᨆߦၮߠ޿ߚ⚿⺰‫ࡦ࠼ࡦࡠ(ޠ‬ᄢቇ‫ޔ)✬ࠬࡒࠬࡦࡑ࠼࡞࡯ࠧޔ‬ஜᐽ቟ో
ዪ(2006)‫ޕ‬٧ ER2: ‫࠻ࠢࠚࠫࡠࡊ⚳ᦨޟ‬ႎ๔‫ࡦࠗ࡯ࡆ࡞ࠚ࠙ߣ࡞࠲ࡇࡖࠠ࡮࡞࠲ࡦࡔޠ‬ࠣ࡮ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩዷᦸ(2008)
٧ ER3: ‫ޟ‬Dame Carol Black ᳁ߩ⺞ᩏႎ๔‫⧷ޕ‬࿖ߩഭ௛ᐕ㦂ੱญߩஜᐽ‫ޕ‬ஜᐽ⊛ߥ᣿ᣣߩߚ߼ߩ௛߈ᣇ㧔઀੐㧕‫ޠ‬ஜᐽ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛‫ࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊ␩⑔ޔ‬(2008)
Page 39 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ

⾌↪ኻലᨐߩ⹏ଔ
ో૕ߣߒߡߺࠇ߫‫ޔ‬༡೑੐ᬺ૕߇ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߦᛩ⾗ߔࠆ੐ߪቯ⌕ߒߡ߈߹ߒߚ߇㧔╙৻┨ෳᾖ㧕‫․ޔ‬ቯߩ੺౉߇⾌↪ኻലᨐߩὐߢ
᦭ലߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ᩮ᜚ߪ㒢ࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߦ․ޕ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍ⚵❱ో૕ߢផㅴߔࠆߎߣߩ⾌↪ኻലᨐߦߟ޿ߡߪ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚߇ਇ⿷ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ߘߩߚ߼ߦ౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ኾ㐷ᆔຬળߩឭ⸒ߢߪ‫↪⾌ޔ‬ኻലᨐߩ⹏ଔࠍታᣉߔ
ࠆ㓙ߦ᭽‫ⷰߥޘ‬ὐ߆ࠄ⚻ᷣᕈߩᬌ⸛ࠍⴕߥߞߡ߈߹ߒߚ‫࡮࡞࠲ࡦࡔߪࠇߘޕ‬ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞ߣ࠙ࠚ࡞ࡆ࡯ࠗࡦࠣ࡮ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩዷᦸ(2008) ߦࠃߞߡታᣉߐ
ࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ో❱⚵ޕ‬૕߳ߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߦߟ޿ߡߩ⾌↪ଢ⋉ߩಽᨆ⚿ᨐߪ‫੍ޔ‬᷹ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ৻ㇱߣߒߡ⧷࿖᡽ᐭ᡽╷੍᷹ߦᵴ↪ߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬ಽᨆߪ
ᣢሽߩ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚㧔޽ࠆߣߔࠇ߫㧕ߣኾ㐷ኅࡄࡀ࡞ߦࠃࠆࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߦၮߠ
޿ߡⴕߥࠊࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬ಽᨆߪ‫↢ⴡ␹♖ޔ‬෸߮Ᏹ⠌ᰳൕ‫ࠖ࠹ࡦ࠯࡟ࡊޔ‬࡯ࠗ࠭ࡓ㧔಴ൕߒߡ޿ࠆഭ௛⠪ߩஜᐽ໧㗴ߦࠃࠆᬺോㆀⴕ⢻ജߩૐਅ㧕‫↢ޔ‬↥ᕈะ਄ߣዞഭਇ⢻⁁ᘒߩᡷༀࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ੺౉⎇ⓥߩᓇ㗀ࠍࠞࡃ࡯ߒߡ޿
߹ߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬ಽᨆߦߪᰴߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߥⷐ࿃ߦ㑐ଥߔࠆ৻ㅪߩ઒ቯ߇฽߹ࠇߡ޿
߹ߔ‫ޕ‬٧ో⥸⊛ߦ‫੍ޔ‬᷹ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߢⴕߥࠊࠇߚ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߦࠃࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆ⚵❱ో૕߳ߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߩ߁ߜ޽ࠆ․ቯߩขࠅ⚵ߺߪ‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣ⊛೑⋉ࠍ↢ߺ಴ߔ੐߇␜ໂߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬٧ߎߩಽᨆߦࠃࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩஜᐽߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬Ფᐕⷰኤࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߢᐕ㑆 1ంࡐࡦ࠼㧔140 ం౞㧦1 ࡐࡦ࠼㧩140 ౞ߢ឵▚㧕ⷙᮨߩ೑⋉߇↢߹ࠇࠆߣ⸒ࠊ
ࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬೑⋉ߪ‫⋙ޔ‬ᩏߩ⹺ቯߦᔕߓߡ⾗Ḯߩᛩ⾗ࠍࠃࠅ੍㒐ߩߚ߼ߦ૶↪ߔࠇ߫ᦝߦჇടߔࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ߹ߔ㧔2 ం 7500 ਁࡐࡦ࠼㧦385 ం౞ߦჇട㧕‫ޕ‬٧⚻ᷣ⊛✚೑⋉ࠍផቯߔࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߦᨵエᕈߩ޽ࠆ௛߈ᣇߩᯏળࠍਈ߃ࠆ
ߣᐕ㑆ߢ⚂ 1 ం 6500 ਁࡐࡦ࠼㧔2 ం 3000 ਁ౞㧕ߩ೑⋉ߣߥࠅ‫↪⾌ޔ‬ଢ⋉ಽᨆ਄߅ࠃߘ 2.5 ୚ߣ⸘▚ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

Page 40 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ
٧ో૕ߣߒߡߎߩࠃ߁ߥផቯߪ‫ࠬࡦ࠳ࠗࠟߩߎޔ‬૞ᚑߩᲑ㓏㧝ߢⴕߥߞߚ੍
᷹ߣ৻⥌ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫⚻ޕ‬ᷣᕈࡕ࠺࡞ߪ‫ޔ‬༡೑੐ᬺ૕߇⡯႐ߦ੺౉ߒߡഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆߩߦᓎ┙ߞߡ޿߹ߔ㧔⚵❱ో૕߇㑐ࠊࠆߣ޿߁੐ߣࠬ
࠻࡟ࠬ▤ℂ੺౉ߣߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖ㧕‫ޕ‬ታ࿾⺞ᩏߦࠃࠆ⍮⷗ታ࿾⺞ᩏߩ⋡⊛ߪឭ⸒ࠍታ〣ߔࠆߦᒰߚߞߡߩ‫ޔ‬ᅷᒰᕈ‫↪᦭ޔ‬ᕈ‫ޔ‬ታ⃻น⢻ᕈࠍ࠹ࠬ࠻ߔࠆ੐ߢߔ‫౉੺↢ⴡⴐ౏ޕ‬ኾ㐷ᆔຬળ ߪᦨ⚳⊛ߥឭ⸒ࠍዷ㐿ߔࠆߣ߈ߦߎߩ⍮⷗ࠍᵴ↪ߒ߹ߔ‫ޔߪ⚦⹦ޕ‬ઃ㍳ B ߩታ࿾⺞ᩏߩ࠮࡚ࠢࠪࡦߣ
‫ޟ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆ⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴ߩឭ⸒⨲᩺ද⼏ળ‫ࠍޠ‬ෳᾖߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ឭ⸒ߪో૕ߣߒߡⓍᭂ⊛ߢ߆ߟ᦭⋉ߥ৻ᱠߣ޿߃߹
ߔ‫ߣߞ߽ޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᬌ⸛ߔߴ߈⺖㗴ߪߚߊߐࠎ޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ਥߚࠆ⺖㗴ߪᰴߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬٧㓹↪ᴺߛߌߢߥߊ࿖ߩઁߩᣇ㊎ߣߩ㑐ㅪߢߎߩࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬࠍ᣿⏕ߦ૏⟎ߠߌࠆᔅⷐᕈ‫ޕ‬٧⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴࠍᒝ⺞ߔࠆ৻ᣇߢ‫ߩࠢࠬ࡝ޟޔ‬ૐᷫ‫޽ߪߦޠ‬߹ࠅὶὐࠍ޽ߡߥ޿ߎߣ‫ޕ‬٧‫઀ޟ‬੐ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ‫ߩޠ‬᣿⏕ߥቯ⟵٧༡೑੐ᬺ૕ߦ߅ߌࠆ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߩᛩ⾗ࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆ‫ޕ‬٧઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽ໧㗴ߦኻߔࠆ஍⷗ߦኻಣߔࠆ㊀ⷐᕈ‫ޕ‬
٧․ቯߩឭ⸒ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ࠍࠃࠅ᣿⏕ߦߔࠆ‫ޕ‬٧ㆡಾߥ↪⺆ࠍ૶߁ߥߤߒߡ‫ޔ‬ਛዊ㔖⚦੐ᬺߦኻߒߡࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߣឭ⸒ߩ⺑
᣿ᣇᴺࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆᔅⷐᕈ‫ޕ‬ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߩ᥉෸ ߣታᣉߔࠆߚ߼ߩࠨࡐ࡯࠻ߦ㑐ߔࠆᄙߊߩឭ߽᩺ߥߐࠇߡ
޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

Page 41 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ

ઃ㍳ D㧦⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߩࠡࡖ࠶ࡊ
౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ኾ㐷ᆔຬળߪ‫⑼ޔ‬ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠ޿ߚ੺౉ࠍⴕ޿‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩࠡࡖ
࠶ࡊ㧔⋧㆑㧕߇޽ࠆߎߣࠍ⹺߼߹ߒߚ‫ߪࡊ࠶ࡖࠡߩࠄࠇߘޕ‬એਅߩߣ߅ࠅߢߔ‫ޕ‬1.

ഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍᡷༀߔࠆ੐ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ‫ࠆߥ⇣ޔ‬⡯⒳‫ޔ‬⡯ၞ‫ߥ⇣ޔ‬ࠆⷙᮨߩഭ௛⠪ߦኻߒߡ‫ో❱⚵ޔ‬૕߳ߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ታᣉߦߟ޿ߡᧄࠟࠗ
࠳ࡦࠬߦ⸥タߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ߇‫⧷ޔ‬࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆᩮ᜚ߦ㒢ࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

2.

઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩ⦟޿㕙ߣᖡ޿㕙ߩ෺ᣇࠍ᦭ലߥᚻᲑߢ⹏ଔߔࠆ
ߚ߼ߩ౒ㅢߩቯ⟵߇චಽߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫            ޕ‬3.

ਛዊ㔖⚦੐ᬺߩഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߦ⚵❱ో૕߳ߩࠕࡊࡠ
࡯࠴ࠍⴕ߁㓙ߦ‫╷ޔ‬ቯߣታᣉߩഥߌߦߥࠆ‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ᅹߍߦߥࠆⷐ࿃ߦ
ߟ޿ߡߩ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚߇චಽߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬

4.

⇣ߥࠆㇱ㐷߿⚵❱ߩ⁁ᴫߩഭ௛⠪ߩᔃߩஜᐽ㧔Ᏹ⠌ᰳൕߛߌߢߥߊࡊ࡟
࠯ࡦ࠹ࠖ࡯ࠗ࠭ࡓߦ㑐ߔࠆࠦࠬ࠻ߣߩ㑐ㅪ߽฽ߺ㧕ࠍផㅴߔࠆὑߩ⚵❱ో૕߳ߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ࠍⴕߥ߁㓙ߦ‫ߣ↪⾌ޔ‬ଢ⋉ߩ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚߇චಽߢߪ
޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ᆔຬળߪᬌ⸛ࠍⷐߔࠆ 4 ߟߩឭ⸒ࠍⴕߥ޿‫ ╙ߪࠄࠇߎޔ‬5 ┨ࠍෳᾖߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬

Page 42 of 43−  −

NICE ౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ 22: ઀੐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽߩផㅴ

ઃ㍳ E㧦 㑐ㅪᢥᦠ㧔⸃⺑ᢥᦠ㧕㑐ㅪᢥᦠ㘃ߪ www.nice.org.uk/PH22 ߦਅ⸥ߩࠃ߁ߥ࡝ࠬ࠻߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬٧⹏ଔᬌ⸛㧦
– ⹏ଔᬌ⸛ 1: ‫ޟ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆὑߩ⡯႐߳ߩ੺౉⎇ⓥߦߟ޿ߡߩ ⹏ଔᬌ⸛ ‫ޠ‬– ⹏ଔᬌ⸛ 2: ‫ߢ⊛↥↢ޟ‬ஜᐽߥ⡯႐ⅣႺߦࠃࠆᔃߩஜᐽ㧔⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ⑔␩ߩะ਄㧕‫ޠ‬– ‫⹏⚳ᦨޟ‬ଔᬌ⸛ߦߟ޿ߡ⵬⿷ᖱႎ‫ޠ‬٧⚻ᷣᕈಽᨆ㧦– ‫ޟ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆ౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ߩ⾌↪ኻലᨐ⺰ᢥߩ ⹏ଔᬌ⸛‫ޠ‬– ‫ޟ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆ౏ⴐⴡ↢੺౉ߩ⚻ᷣᕈ⹏ଔᬌ
⸛‫ޠ‬٧ታ࿾⺞ᩏႎ๔㧦‫ޟ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆᔃߩஜᐽࠍផㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߩ⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴ߩឭ⸒⨲᩺ߦߟ޿ߡߩද⼏‫ޠ‬٧౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠍ฽߻⡯ോᮭ㒢ࠍ᦭ߔࠆኾ㐷ኅߣ࿖᳃ߩ೑⋉ߦ㑐ਈߔࠆࡔࡦࡃ࡯
ะߌߩࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬᣧ⷗⴫‫⧷ޕ‬࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴಴

ዪ߆ࠄ߽ขࠅነ

ߖน⢻ߢߔ‫(ޕ‬0845 003 7783 ᚗ޿ߪ email publications@nice.org.uk  –⺧᳞⇟ภߪ N2009).
⧷࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߩ૞ᚑᣇᴺߪ‫ޔ‬㧬‫⧷ޟ‬࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ૞ᚑᣇᴺ㧔╙ 2 ᡷ
⸓,2009㧕 www.nice.org.uk/phmethods ߦߡ౉ᚻน⢻ߢߔ‫ޕ‬٧‫⧷ޟ‬࿖࿖┙ක≮ᛛⴚ⹏ଔᯏ᭴౏ⴐⴡ↢ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ૞ᚑࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ㧦౏ⴐⴡ↢ක‫ޔ‬᡽╷┙᩺⠪‫ޔ‬࿖᳃ࠍ฽߻㑐ଥ⠪ะߌ᭎⺑‫ޕ‬㧔╙ 2 ᡷ⸓,2009㧕
www.nice.org.uk/phmethods ߦߡ౉ᚻน⢻ߢߔ‫ޕ‬

Page 43 of 43−  −ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲෘ↢ഭ௛⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌ഭ௛቟ో✚ว⎇ⓥ੐ᬺ‫ޟ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ╙৻ᰴ੍㒐ߩᶐㅘᚻᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ‫ޠ‬㧔*ഭ௛৻⥸㧕ਥછ㧦Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ㧕⎇ⓥදജႎ๔ᦠ
ᶏᄖߩേะ㧔㧠㧕 ☨࿖ᔃℂቇળߩᔃℂ⊛ஜᐽ⡯႐
⎇ⓥදജ⠪ ᵤ㊁㚅ᄹ⟤ ᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ᄢቇ㒮↢ਥછ⎇ⓥ⠪ Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ ᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ᢎ᝼

ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ࠍㅴ߼ࠆߚ߼ߩ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠߊ '$/ ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆߚ߼ߩෳ⠨ߣߒߡ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ᔃℂቇળ㧔#2#㧕߇ታᣉߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޟ‬ᔃℂ⊛ஜᐽ⡯႐
㧔2U[EJQNQIKECNN[*GCNVJ[9QTMRNCEGU㧕‫ޠ‬૞ࠅߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎࠍ෼㓸ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ਥߦ☨࿖ᔃℂቇળ߇ࡎ࡯ࡓ
ࡍ࡯ࠫ਄ߢ⚫੺ߒߡ޿ࠆᖱႎࠍరߦ‫ޔ‬ᔃℂ⊛ஜᐽ⡯႐ࠍ૞ࠆ਄ߢߩ  ࠞ᧦‫⴫ޔ‬ᓆ೙ᐲߦߟ޿ߡ߹ߣ߼ߚ
ߣߎࠈ‫ޔ‬ᔃℂ⊛ஜᐽ⡯႐ࠍ૞ࠆ਄ߢߩ  ࡩ᧦ߣߪ‫ޟ‬㧚ᓥᬺຬෳ↹‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬㧚ࡢ࡯ࠢ࡮࡜ࠗࡈ࡮ࡃ࡜ࡦࠬ‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬㧚ᓥᬺຬߩᚑ㐳ߣ⊒ዷ‫ޟޠ‬㧚ஜᐽߣ቟ో‫ޟޠ‬㧚ᱜᒰߥ⹏ଔ‫ޕߚߞ߆ࠊ߇ߣߎࠆ޽ߢޠ‬ߚ ޿ ߣ ᕁ ߞ ߚ ੐ ᬺ ႐ ߪ ‫ ޔ‬Web ࠨ ࠗ ࠻㧭㧚⎇ⓥ⋡⊛㧔http://www.phwa.org/㧕ߦࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߔࠆߎߣߢ
ᧄ⎇ⓥ੐ᬺߢߪ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬ
ᖱႎࠍᓧࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬∔ᖚߩ৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ߦ㑐ߒߡ‫⑼ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬ቇ⊛
㧔2㧕ᔃℂ⊛ஜᐽ⡯႐ߩ 5 ࠞ᧦ᩮ᜚ࠍี๧ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫⎇ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ⓥᚑᨐࠍ⛔
 ☨࿖ᔃℂቇળߪ‫ޔ‬ᔃℂ⊛ஜᐽ⡯႐ߦᔅⷐߥⷐ⚛
วߔࠆߎߣߢ‫⑼ޔ‬ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠߊ '$/ ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ߣߒߡਅ⸥ߩ 5 ߟߩࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍ޽ߍߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠗࡦࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆ‫ޔߜ߁ߩߎޕ‬ᶏᄖേะ⚫੺ߢߪ‫ޔ‬1㧚ᓥᬺຬෳ↹㧔Employee involvement㧕ߎࠇ߹ߢ࿖ᄖߢ⊒⴫࡮ታᣉߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ੐ᬺ႐ߩᔃ
߹ߕ 1 ߟ⋡߇‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬෳ↹ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ߽ߩߢ޽
ߩஜᐽߠߊࠅᵴേߩౝኈࠍ෼㓸ߒ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ⴕࠊࠇߡ
ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ⓧᭂ⊛ߦෳ↹ߔࠆᓥᬺຬࠍჇ߿ߔߚ߼ߩขࠅ
޿ࠆ৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ࠍ߹ߣ߼ࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫৻ޔ‬ᰴ⚵ߺߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬࠍᗧᕁ᳿ቯߩ႐ߦෳടߐߖ
੍㒐ኻ╷ࠍⴕ߁ലᨐࠍ⊒⴫ߒߡ޿ߥ޿੐ᬺ႐ߦ
ߚࠅ‫઀ޔ‬੐ࠍㅴ߼ࠆ਄ߢߩ⥄ᓞᕈࠍ㜞߼ߚࠅߔࠆ
ߣߞߡෳ⠨ߣߥࠆࠃ߁⾗ᢱߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߣ߇฽߹ࠇࠆ‫ߚߞ޿߁ߎޕ‬ᓥᬺຬෳ↹ࠍⴕߥߞ
ᧄⓂߢߪ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ᔃℂቇળ߇ⴕߥߞߡ޿ࠆᔃℂ⊛ߚ႐ว‫ޔ‬ᬺ❣ߩะ਄߿㔌⡯⠪࡮∔∛ભᬺߩᷫዋ‫ޔ‬ஜᐽ⡯႐㧔2U[EJQNQIKECNN[*GCNVJ[9QTMRNCEGU໡ຠ߿ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩ⾰ߩะ਄ߥߤߩലᨐࠍ߽ߚࠄ
2*92㧕ߩᵴേౝኈߦߟ޿ߡ⚫੺ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ߔߩߣหᤨߦ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߩḩ⿷ᐲࠍ਄ߍߐߖߚࠅ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬ߽ࡕ࡜࡞߿⚵❱߳ߩࠦࡒ࠶࠻ࡔࡦ࠻ࠍะ਄
㧮㧚⎇ⓥߩᣇᴺ
ߐߖߚࠅߔࠆߎߣ߽ᦼᓙߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ☨࿖ᔃℂቇળ߇ᔃℂ⊛ஜᐽ⡯႐ߦߟ޿ߡ⚫੺㧨ขࠅ⚵ߺᣇᴺ଀㧪ߔࠆࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫࠍෳᾖߒ‫ޔ‬ᵴേౝኈ‫ޔ‬ឭ໒ߐࠇ࡮⥄Ꮖ▤ℂߐࠇߚ઀੐ߩ࠴࡯ࡓߦߔࠆߡ޿ࠆ  ߟߩࡐࠗࡦ࠻㧔 ࠞ᧦㧕‫ޔ‬ขࠅ⚵ߺ଀╬ࠍ࡮ᓥᬺຬߦࠃࠆኻ╷ᆔຬળࠍㆇ༡ߔࠆ
߹ߣ߼ߚ‫ޕ‬࡮ᜬ⛯⊛ߥᡷༀ࠴࡯ࡓࠍ⸳⟎ߔࠆ࡮⋡቟▫࡮ᗧ⷗▫ࠍ⸳⟎ߒߚࠅ‫ޔ‬Ფ᦬ߩࡒ࡯࠹ࠖ
㧯㧚⚿ᨐࡦࠣߢᗧ⷗ࠍ಴ߒวߞߚࠅ‫⺰⸛ޔ‬ળࠍ㐿௅ߔࠆ
㧔1㧕ᵴേౝኈ
ߥߤ‫ޔ‬Ⓧᭂ⊛ߦᡷༀὐ߿ᗧ⷗ࠍ಴ߒว߃ࠆᯏળ
 ᔃℂ⊛ஜᐽ⡯႐ߪ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬߩஜᐽߣᐘ⑔߇‫⚵ޔ‬ࠍ૞ࠆ❱ߩ↢↥ᕈߣ㑐ㅪ߇޽ࠆߎߣࠍ㓹↪⠪࿅૕ߦ໪㧨ขࠅ⚵ߺડᬺ଀㧪⊒ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ᔃℂቇળߣኻ⽎੐ᬺ႐߇දห
ળ␠ฬ㧦Steelscapeߒߡⴕ߁߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᵴേߦߪ‫ߩ⾨ޔ‬᝼ਈ߿‫ޔ‬ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓฬ㧦㧔Picking Their Own Peers㧕࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬ࡟࠲࡯‫ࠃߦ╬ࠣࡠࡉ߿࠻ࠬࡖࠠ࠼࠶ࡐޔ‬ขࠅ⚵ߺ⚿ᨐ㧦ࠆᖱႎឭଏ‫ ☨ోޔ‬56 Ꮊߘࠇߙࠇߩ࿾ၞߢߩࠗࡌ
㧗㧔਄᣹㧕㧦ᓥᬺຬᐘ⑔ᐲ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬḩ⿷ᐲ‫ޔ‬ᬺࡦ࠻㐿௅‫ޔ‬ᔃℂߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿾ၞߩ࿅૕ߦࠃࠆࠨࡐ࡯
❣‫ޔ࠻ࡦࡔ࠻࠶ࡒࠦޔࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯ࡌ࠴ࡕޔ‬቟ో࠻߇฽߹ࠇ‫ޔ‬࿾ᣇ↥ᬺ⇇ߦ⨲ߩᩮߢᄌൻࠍ߽ߚࠄ
⸥㍳ߩᦝᣂߔᯏ⢻߇௛޿ߡ޿ࠆ‫ߚߞ޿߁ߎޕ‬࿾ၞߩ࿅૕ߪ‫ޔ‬ 㧙㧔ᷫዋ㧕㧦㔌⡯ߎࠇ߹ߢߦർ☨ߢ 450 એ਄ߦߩ߷ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
2㧚ࡢ࡯ࠢ࡮࡜ࠗࡈ࡮ࡃ࡜ࡦࠬ㧔Work-life balance㧕ᔃℂ⊛ߦஜᐽ⊛ߥ⡯႐ࠍ૞ࠆߎߣߦ㑐ᔃࠍᜬࡢ࡯ࠢ࡮࡜ࠗࡈ࡮ࡃ࡜ࡦࠬࠍଦㅴߔࠆขࠅ⚵ߺߞߚ੐ᬺ႐‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬ᔃℂ⊛ஜᐽ⡯႐ߩ⾨ߦᔕ൐ߒ−  −

࡮ࠦ࡯࠴ࡦࠣ‫࡯࠲ࡦࡔޔ‬೙ᐲ‫⎇ࡊ࠶ࠪ࡯࠳࡯࡝ޔ‬߿ᣇ㊎ߣ޿߁߽ߩߪ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬߦߪ⡯႐ᄖߦ߅޿ߡ
ୃࠍᵴ↪ߔࠆ
߽↢ᵴ߿⽿છ߇޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍ⹺⼂ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬㧨ขࠅ⚵ߺડᬺ଀㧪ߘߒߡߘࠇࠄߩᄙ᭽ߥ࠺ࡑࡦ࠼ߦኻߒߡᓥᬺຬળ ␠ ฬ 㧦 Donald Deems, DDS, Generalࠄ߇߁߹ߊኻಣߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦᚻഥߌߔࠆߎߣߦ
޽ࠆ‫઀ޕ‬੐ߣࡊ࡜ࠗࡌ࡯࠻ߢߩᓎഀಽᜂߩ⪾⮮ߪ‫ ޔ‬Dentistryࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓฬ㧦“Lunchtime Learning”
઀੐ߣࡊ࡜ࠗࡌ࡯࠻ਔᣇߩ⾰ߩૐਅࠍ߽ߚࠄߒ‫ޔ‬ขࠅ⚵ߺ⚿ᨐ㧦⚿ᨐ⊛ߦ↢↥ᕈ‫∛∔ޔ‬ભᬺ‫ޔ‬㔌⡯ߩࠃ߁ߥ↥ᬺࠕ ਄᣹㧔㧗㧕㧦ᓥᬺຬᐘ⑔ᐲ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬḩ⿷ᐲ‫⥄ޔ‬࠙࠻ࠞࡓߦ߽ᓇ㗀ࠍ߽ߚࠄߔ‫࡜࡮ࠢ࡯ࡢࠅ߹ߟޕ‬Ꮖലജᗵ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬߩ↢↥ᕈ‫ޔ‬ᬺ❣‫ޔ‬ᖚ⠪ḩ⿷ᐲࠗࡈ࡮ࡃ࡜ࡦࠬߩะ਄߳ߩขࠅ⚵ߺߪ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬߩ ᷫዋ㧔̆㧕㧦ᓥᬺຬߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ‫ ޔ‬㔌⡯ࡕ࡜࡞‫઀ޔ‬੐ߩḩ⿷ᐲ਄᣹߿⚵❱߳ߩࠦࡒ࠶࠻ࡔ
ࡦ࠻ࠍ㜞߼ࠆߎߣߦߟߥ߇ࠆߛߌߢߥߊ‫ޔ‬ᬺ❣ߩ
4㧚Health & safety㧔ஜᐽߣ቟ో㧕ะ਄‫∛∔ޔ‬ભᬺߩᷫዋ‫ޔ‬㔌⡯ߩᷫዋߦ߽ነਈߔࠆ
ஜᐽߣ቟ోߦ㑐ߔࠆขࠅ⚵ߺߪ‫ޔ‬⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆஜ
ߎߣ߇ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᐽ࡝ࠬࠢ߿໧㗴ߦኻߔࠆ৻ᰴ੍㒐‫ޔ‬ੑᰴ੍㒐‫ޔ‬ਃ㧨ขࠅ⚵ߺᣇᴺ଀㧪ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ࠍㅢߓߡ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬߩり૕⊛࡮♖␹⊛ஜ࡮ࡈ࡟࠶ࠢࠬ࠲ࠗࡓ‫ޔ‬࿷ቛൕോߥߤߩᨵエߥ઀੐ᐽࠍ቞ࠆߎߣࠍᦨᄢ㒢ߦߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫޿߁ߎޕ‬ᣇᴺࠍขࠅ౉ࠇࠆ
ߞߚขࠅ⚵ߺࠍߒߚ႐ว‫ޔ‬੐ᬺ႐ߪ↢↥ᕈߩ਄᣹‫ޔ‬࡮⢒ఽ࡮੺⼔߇ᔅⷐߥኅᣖࠍᜬߟᓥᬺຬߦኻߔࠆ
ක≮⾌‫∛∔ޔ‬ભᬺ‫ޔ‬੐᡿₸ߩᷫዋߣ޿ߞߚᕲᕺࠍ
េഥࠍ㜞߼ࠆ
ฃߌࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ᓥᬺຬߩ⚻ᷣ⊛໧㗴ࠍᚻഥߌߔࠆߚ߼ߩ࡝࠰࡯
㧨ขࠅ⚵ߺᣇᴺ଀㧪ࠬࠍឭଏߔࠆ
࡮⡯႐ߩ቟ోߣ㒐‽ߦขࠅ⚵߻ߚ߼ߩ⸠✵ߣ଻⼔࡮ᓥᬺຬߩኅᣖ߿ኅᐸౝࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯߇೑↪น⢻ߥࠍታᣉߔࠆ⑔೑ෘ↢ࠍ᭴▽ߔࠆ࡮ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻‫ޔ‬ᷫ㊂‫⑌ޔ‬ᾍߥߤஜᐽ⊛࡮⢒ఽ੺⼔ભᬺᴺߩㆡ↪ࠍ⿥߃ߚᨵエᕈߩ޽ࠆભ
ߥ↢ᵴࠍㅍࠆߚ߼ߩᚻഥߌࠍⴕ߁
ᬺᣇᴺࠍ⹺߼ࠆ
࡮♖␹ක≮ࠍ฽ࠎߛ‫ޔ‬ㆡಾߥஜᐽ଻㒾ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ
㧨ขࠅ⚵ߺડᬺ଀㧪᭴▽ߔࠆળ␠ฬ㧦Silverado Senior Living – Aspen Park࡮ࡋ࡞ࠬ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢ߿ࠬࠢ࡝࡯࠾ࡦࠣࠍታᣉߔࠆ
ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓฬ㧦Senior Living for All Ages࡮ࡈࠖ࠶࠻ࡀࠬ‫ࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯ࠛ࡝ࠢ࡟ޔ‬ᣉ⸳߳ߩࠕࠢ
ขࠅ⚵ߺ⚿ᨐ㧦࠮ࠬߒ߿ߔߊߔࠆ
਄᣹㧔+㧕㧦ᓥᬺຬߩᐘ⑔ᐲ‫࠻࠶ࡒࠦߩ߳❱⚵ޔ‬࡮ࠣ࡝࡯ࡈࠞ࠙ࡦ࠮࡝ࡦࠣ‫࡞࡯ࠦ࡞ࠕޔ‬ଐሽ⠪ߩࡔࡦ࠻‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬḩ⿷ᐲ‫ޔ‬㘈ቴḩ⿷ᐲ‫ޔ‬ᬺ❣
ߚ߼ߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫ޔ‬EAP‫␹♖ޔ‬ᯏ㑐߳ߩ⚫੺ߥᷫዋ㧔-㧕㧦∔∛ભᬺ‫ޔ‬㔌⡯ߤߩ࡝࠰࡯ࠬឭଏࠍⴕ߁
㧨ขࠅ⚵ߺᣇᴺ଀㧪
3㧚ᓥᬺຬߩᚑ㐳ߣ⊒ዷ㧔Employee growth &ળ␠ฬ㧦 ARUP Laboratories
development㧕ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓฬ㧦Free On-Site Health Clinic ᚑ㐳ߣ⊒ዷߩᯏળ߇޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬขࠅ⚵ߺ⚿ᨐ㧦ߩ⍮⼂‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚ‫ޔ‬⢻ജࠍ߭ࠈߍࠆᚻഥߌߣߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ᣂ਄᣹㧔㧗㧕㧦ᓥᬺຬߩᐘ⑔ᐲ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬߩஜᐽ⁁ߒ޿႐㕙ߦኻᔕߔࠆ␠ળ⊛⢻ജࠍ₪ᓧߢ߈ࠆߎ
ᘒ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬߩߟߥ߉⇐߼‫ޔ࡞࡜ࡕޔ‬ᓥᬺຬḩ⿷ߣࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣂߒ޿ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ
ᐲ‫ޔ‬ᬺ❣‫ޔ‬ណ↪ߩ෩ㆬൻࠅ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿૗߆ࠍ⚻㛎ߔࠆᯏળࠍᓧߚࠅߔࠆߎߣ
ᷫዋ㧔㧙㧕㧦ක≮⾌ߪ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬߩࡕ࠴ࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߣ઀੐ߩḩ⿷ᐲࠍ޽ߍ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߦ߁߹ߊኻಣߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦ߽
5㧚ᱜᒰߥ⹏ଔ㧔Employee recognition㧕ߥࠆ‫ߚߞ޿߁ߎޕ‬ขࠅ⚵ߺࠍߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ ᱜᒰߥ⹏ଔࠍਈ߃ࠆߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬߩ⚵❱߳ߩ੐ᬺ႐ߪᓥᬺຬߩ઀੐ߩ਄ߢߩ⚻㛎ߩ⾰ࠍ㜞߼
⽸₂ᐲࠍ‫ޔ‬୘ੱߣߒߡ߽㓸࿅ߣߒߡ߽㜞߼ࠆߎߣࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬߩẜ࿷⢻ജࠍࡈ࡞ߦ㐿⊒ߒ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫⹏ޕ‬ଔߪ‫౏ޔ‬ᑼߢ߽㕖౏ᑼߢ߽‫ޔ‬㊄㌛ࠍߡ޿ߊߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬઻߁߽ߩߢ߽઻ࠊߥ޿߽ߩߢ߽‫ޔ‬᭽‫ߥޘ‬ᣇᴺߢⴕ㧨ขࠅ⚵ߺᣇᴺ଀㧪ߥ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥᬺຬߩദജࠍ⹺⼂ߒ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺ࡮⛮⛯⊛ߦ⎇ୃࠍታᣉߔࠆ
ຬߘࠇߙࠇ߇‫ޔ‬ዅ㊀ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬ᗵ⻢ߐࠇ࡮⡯႐ᄖߢߩቇ߮ߩߚ߼ߩᅑቇ㊄೙ᐲࠍ⸳┙ߔࠆߡ޿ࠆߣᗵߓࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߎ߁ߒߚขࠅ⚵ߺ࡮ࠠࡖ࡝ࠕ࡮ࠞ࠙ࡦ࠮࡝ࡦࠣࠍታᣉߔࠆ
ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬੐ᬺ႐ߢߪᓥᬺຬߩḩ⿷ᐲ‫ޔ‬࡮␠ౝ߽ߒߊߪ␠ᄖ⎇ୃ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߦࠃࠆ⎇ୃࠍታࡕ࡜࡞‫⥄ޔ‬Ꮖലജᗵࠍะ਄ߐߖࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩ
ᣉߔࠆߢ޽ࠆ‫ߦࠇߘޕ‬ട߃ߡ‫ޔ߽ߩ߽ߩߘ❱⚵ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬ࡮᣹ㅴᯏળࠍჇ߿ߔ

−  −

ߩ઀੐߳ߩᾲᗧ߇㜞߼ࠄࠇࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫↥↢ޔ‬ᕈ߇਄߇ࠅ‫ޔ‬㔌⡯߇ᷫዋߒߚࠅ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬߩ⾰ࠍ㜞߼‫଻ࠍࠇߘޔ‬ᜬߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧨ขࠅ⚵ߺᣇᴺ଀㧪࡮౏ᱜߥ⾓㊄೙ᐲࠍዉ౉ߔࠆ
࡮┹੎߇೑⋉ߣߥࠆࠃ߁ߥ઀⚵ߺࠍ૞ࠆ࡮ᓥᬺຬߩ⽸₂ߣᚑᨐࠍㆡಾߦ⹏ଔߔࠆ
࡮ᚑᨐߦḰߓߚ⾨ਈߣ⛎ᢱࠍჇ߿ߔ
࡮⾨ࠍ᝼ਈߔࠆ
࡮⹏ଔᑼౖࠍታᣉߔࠆ
㧨ขࠅ⚵ߺડᬺ଀㧪ળ␠ฬ㧦Otsuka’s Furniture & Appliancesࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓฬ㧦Rewards and Reinforcementขࠅ⚵ߺ⚿ᨐ㧦 ਄᣹㧔㧗㧕㧦ᓥᬺຬḩ⿷ᐲ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬߩ↢↥ᕈ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬߩࡕ࠴ࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬߩࡕ࡜࡞‫ޔ‬㘈ቴḩ⿷ᐲ‫ޔ‬ᄁ਄‫ޔ‬ᬺ❣
ᷫዋ㧔㧙㧕㧦ߥߒએ਄߇‫☨ޔ‬࿖ᔃℂቇળ߇‫ޟ‬ᔃℂ⊛ஜᐽ⡯႐‫ࠍޠ‬ߟߊࠆ਄ߢߩࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣߒߡ᜼ߍߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߢ
޽ࠆ‫☨ޕ‬࿖ᔃℂቇળߪ‫ޔ‬ஜᐽ⡯႐ࠍߟߊࠆߚ߼ߩ
ਁ⢻ߩᴺೣߪߥ޿ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߦߪᚑഞ੐଀߇
ࡌ࡯ࠬߣߥࠆߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔4㧕ലᨐએ਄‫ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬ขࠅ⚵ߺ੐଀߆ࠄ߹ߣ߼ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬
ᔃℂ⊛ஜᐽ⡯႐ߪᓥᬺຬߩஜᐽߣᐘ⑔ᐲࠍ޽ߍ
ࠆ৻ᣇߢ‫↥↢ߩ❱⚵ޔ‬ᕈࠍ߽޽ߍߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ಽ
߆ࠆ‫ޔࠅ߹ߟޕ‬ᓥᬺຬߣળ␠‫ޔ‬ਔᣇߦࡔ࡝࠶࠻߇
޽ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߣࠆ߼ߣ߹ࠍࠇߙࠇߘޕ‬ਅ⸥ߩࠃ߁ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬㧨ᓥᬺຬ߳ߩࡔ࡝࠶࠻㧪࡮઀੐ߩḩ⿷ᐲߩ਄᣹
࡮ࡕ࡜࡞ߩะ਄࡮り૕⊛‫⊛␹♖ޔ‬ஜᐽߩะ਄
࡮ࡕ࠴ࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩะ਄
࡮ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ജߩะ਄
㧨ળ␠߳ߩࡔ࡝࠶࠻㧪࡮⾰‫↥↢ޔ‬ᕈ‫ޔ‬ᬺ❣ߩะ਄࡮∔∛ભᬺ‫ޔࡓ࠭ࠗ࡯ࠖ࠹ࡦ࠯࡟ࡊޔ‬㔌⡯ߩᷫዋ࡮੐᡿߿‫ޔ‬ᬺോἴኂߩᷫዋ
࡮ᦨఝ⑲ᓥᬺຬࠍᗖ߈ߟߌࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߎߣ
࡮㘈ቴࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߣḩ⿷ᐲߩะ਄
࡮ක≮ࠦࠬ࠻ߩᷫዋ
㧔㧕⴫ᓆ೙ᐲ ߎߩᔃℂ⊛ஜᐽ⡯႐߇․ᓽ⊛ߢ޽ࠆߎߣߩ  ߟߪ‫⴫ޔ‬ᓆ೙ᐲ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ว⸘  ߟߩ⴫ᓆ೙ᐲ߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬Ფᐕ⴫ᓆᑼ߇ⴕࠊࠇ‫ߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬ߦ⴫ᓆߐࠇߚડᬺߦߟ޿ߡߩᖱႎߪࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯
ࠫ਄ߢෳᾖߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԙ ࿾ ၞ ᔃ ℂ ⊛ ஜ ᐽ ⚵ ❱ ⴫ ᓆ 㧔 6JG .QECN
2U[EJQNQIKECNN[*GCNVJ[9QTMRNCEG#YCTF㧕
㧦ᐕએ᧪ⴕߥࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔ‬࿾ၞ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ߽ߩ‫☨ޕ‬࿖
ᔃℂቇળ߅ࠃ߮Ꮊ߿࿾ၞߩᔃℂቇળߦࠃࠆᡰេ
ࠍฃߌࠆ⚵❱ߢታᣉߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⴫ޕ‬ᓆ⠪ߪ  ߟߩಽ㊁㧔ᓥᬺຬෳ↹‫ޔࠬࡦ࡜ࡃ࡮ࡈࠗ࡜࡮ࠢ࡯ࡢޔ‬ᓥᬺຬߩᚑ㐳ߣ⊒ዷ‫ޔ‬ஜᐽߣ቟ో‫ޔ‬ᱜᒰߥ⹏ଔ㧕ߩขࠅ⚵ߺߦࠃࠅ⹏ଔߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ԙ☨࿖ᔃℂቇળో࿖ᔃℂ⊛ஜᐽ⡯႐⴫ᓆ㧔#2#̉U
0CVKQPCN 2U[EJQNQIKECNN[ *GCNVJ[ 9QTMRNCEG
#YCTF㧕
㧦 ᐕ߆ࠄታᣉ‫ޕ‬Ԙߩฃ⾨⠪ߩ߁ߜ‫ޔ‬Ꮊ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩൎ⠪ߩਛ߆ࠄㆬ಴ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԛ☨࿖ᔃℂቇળࡌࠬ࠻ࡊ࡜ࠢ࠹ࠖࠬఝ⑲⾨
㧔#2#̉U$GUV2TCEVKEG*QPQTU㧕㧦 ᐕ߆ࠄታᣉ‫ޕ‬ᔃℂ⊛ஜᐽ⡯႐૞ࠅߦ⽸₂ߒߚ․ߦ㕟ᣂ⊛ߥࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߿ᣇ㊎ࠍᜬߟ‫ޔ‬Ꮊ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩฃ⾨⠪ࠄߩขࠅ⚵ߺࠍࠃࠅᒝ⺞ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ߽ߩ‫ޕ‬㧰㧚⠨ኤ ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ߩ৻ᰴ੍㒐ߣߒߡᔃℂ⊛ஜᐽ⡯႐૞ࠅߦขࠅ⚵߻႐ว‫ޔ‬੐ᬺ႐ߦߣߞߡߪ
߹ߕߤߩࠃ߁ߥߎߣࠍⴕߥߞߚࠄ⦟޿ߩ߆ㅅ߁
ߎߣ߇ᄙ޿ߣᕁ߁߇‫☨ޔ‬࿖ᔃℂቇળߩࠃ߁ߦขࠅ
⚵ߺߩ࠺࡯࠲ࡌ࡯ࠬࠍ૞ᚑߒ‫࠻࠶ࡀ࡯࠲ࡦࠗޔ‬਄ߢ౏㐿ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩળ␠߿⚵❱ߦߣߞߡᓎߦ┙ߟߛࠈ߁‫⴫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᓆ೙ᐲ߇޽ࠆߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬
ฃ⾨ߒߚ႐วߦߪડᬺߩ⍮ฬᐲࠍ޽ߍߚࠅࠗࡔ
࡯ࠫะ਄ߦ߽ߟߥ߇ࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ડᬺߦߣߞߡ߽ᄢ߈
ߥࡔ࡝࠶࠻߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ขࠅ⚵ߺ߿ߔ޿ߣ߽⸒߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷ࠍࠬࡓ࡯࠭ߦㅴ߼ࠆߦߪ‫ߤޔ‬ߩࠃ߁ߥ⋡⊛ࠍ߽ߞߡ⺕߇ኻ╷ࠍⴕ߁ߩ߆‫ౕޔ‬૕⊛ߦߤߩࠃ߁ߥౝኈߩኻ╷ࠍⴕ߁ߩ߆╬ߩᖱႎࠍ૶↪⠪‫ࠬࡆ࡯ࠨޔ‬ឭଏ⠪‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪߇౒᦭ߒ‫ޔ‬ቯᦼ⊛ߦ⹏ଔ࡮ᡷༀߔࠆߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣢߦᶏᄖߦ߅޿ߡലᨐ߇಴ߡ޿ࠆߣႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆᔃ
ℂ⊛ஜᐽ⡯႐ߩ  ࠞ᧦ߦߘߞߡኻ╷ࠍㅴ߼ࠆߎߣ
ߪ‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬⒟ᐲߩലᨐࠍᦼᓙߢ߈ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬㧱㧚⚿⺰ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫ޔ‬⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬਇ⺞ߩ৻ᰴ੍㒐ኻ╷ࠍㅴ߼ࠆߚ߼ߩ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦၮߠߊ '$/ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆߚ߼ߩෳ⠨ߣߒߡ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ᔃℂቇળ㧔#2#㧕߇ታᣉߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޟ‬ᔃℂ⊛ஜᐽ⡯႐㧔2U[EJQNQIKECNN[*GCNVJ[9QTMRNCEGU㧕‫ޠ‬૞ࠅߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎࠍ෼㓸ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ਥߦ☨࿖ᔃℂቇળ߇ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ਄ߢ⚫੺ߒߡ޿ࠆᖱႎࠍరߦ‫ޔ‬ᔃℂ⊛ஜᐽ⡯႐ࠍ૞ࠆ਄ߢߩ  ࠞ᧦‫⴫ޔ‬ᓆ೙ᐲߦߟ޿
ߡ߹ߣ߼ߚߣߎࠈ‫ޔ‬ᔃℂ⊛ஜᐽ⡯႐ࠍ૞ࠆ਄ߢߩ ࡩ᧦ߣߪ‫ޟ‬㧚ᓥᬺຬෳ↹‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬㧚ࡢ࡯ࠢ࡮࡜ࠗࡈ࡮
ࡃ࡜ࡦࠬ‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬㧚ᓥᬺຬߩᚑ㐳ߣ⊒ዷ‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬㧚ஜᐽߣ
቟ో‫ޟޠ‬㧚ᱜᒰߥ⹏ଔ‫ޕߚߞ߆ࠊ߇ߣߎࠆ޽ߢޠ‬−  −

㧲㧚ஜᐽෂ㒾ᖱႎ ⹥ᒰߖߕ‫ޕ‬㧳㧚⎇ⓥ⊒⴫
㧝㧚⺰ᢥ⊒⴫ ⹥ᒰߥߒ‫ޕ‬㧞㧚ቇળ⊒⴫ ⹥ᒰߥߒ‫ޕ‬㧴㧚⍮⊛⽷↥ᮭߩ಴㗿࡮⊓㍳⁁ᴫ㧔੍ቯࠍ฽߻㧕 ⹥ᒰߖߕ‫ޕ‬I㧚ෳ⠨ᢥ₂㧦☨࿖ᔃℂቇળ 2U[EJQNQIKECNN[*GCNVJ[9QTMRNCEGU http://www.phwa.org/−  −

 Υ㧚⎇ⓥᚑᨐߩೀⴕߦ㑐ߔࠆ৻ⷩ⴫

ᦠ☋
⪺⠪᳁ฬ
ႇ ᣿⚐㧚

⺰ᢥ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ฬ

ᦠ☋ో૕ߩ ᦠ ☋ ฬ



✬㓸⠪ฬ

಴

␠ฬ ಴



࿾

಴

ᐕࡍ࡯ࠫ

ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ ౏⋉⽷࿅ᴺ ↥ᬺੱࡔࡦ࠲ ౏⋉⽷࿅ ᧲੩




105-115

╷ߩ⃻⁁ߣ዁᧪㧙 ੱᣣᧄ↢↥ ࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬ⊕ᦠ ᴺੱᣣᧄౝᄖߩขࠅ⚵ߺࠍ ᕈᧄㇱࡔࡦ 2010ᐕ↢↥ᕈᧄ〯߹߃ߡ㧚

࠲࡞࡮ࡋ࡞

ㇱࡔࡦ࠲

ࠬ⎇ⓥᚲ✬

࡞࡮ࡋ࡞
ࠬ⎇ⓥᚲ

ፉᵤ᣿ੱ.

ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬࡑࡀࠫࡔ ᶏ ଻ ඳ ਯ ᗵᖱߣᕁ⠨ߩ ᦺୖᦠᐫ ᧲੩
ࡦ࠻

㧔✬㧕

⑼ቇ੐ౖ

ศᎹᔀ‫ޔ‬Ꮉ਄ ਛᄩഭ௛ἴ ࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ ਛᄩഭ௛ ᧲੩ᙗੱ‫ޔ‬ዊᧁ๺

ኂ㒐ᱛදળ ࠬߩߚ߼ߩ⡯ ἴኂ㒐ᱛ

ቁ

㧔✬㧕

႐ⅣႺᡷༀ㨪 දળ‫ޟ‬⡯႐ⅣႺᡷༀߩߚ߼ߩࡅ
ࡦ࠻㓸‫ߔߢޠ‬ߔ߼ࠆ࠴ࠚ࠶
ࠢࡐࠗࡦ࠻30㨪㔀⹹ ⊒⴫⠪᳁ฬ ⺰ᢥ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ฬ ⊒⴫⹹ฬᏎภ ࡍ࡯ࠫ ಴ ᐕ&GXGNQROGPVQHCPGXKFGPEGDCUGF IWKFGNKPG6UWVUWOK#
HQTUWRGTXKUQTVTCKPKPIKP,1EEWR*GCNVJ 


RTQOQVKPI OGPVCN JGCNVJNKVGTCVWTGTGXKGYQH
1TICPK\CVKQPCN LWUVKEG,QWTPCN*C[CUJK61FCIKTK;YKNNKPIPGUU VQ YQTM CPF1EEWRCVKQPCN    
1J[C ; 6CPCMC -RU[EJQNQIKECN FKUVTGUUCPF
TGUWNVU HTQO C RTKXCVG'PXKTQPOGPVCN5JKOQOKVUW6
,CRCPGUGEQORCP[/GFKEKPG
⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ୘ੱะߌࠬ࠻
↥ᬺකቇ࡟ࡆࡘ
㚍ࡁᲑ᪸ਫ࿯ደ᡽㓶 
࡟ࠬኻ╷ 㧙੺౉ᣇ⇛ߩᄌ࡯ፉᵤ᣿ੱㆫߣᣂߚߥⷞὐ㧙−  −ஜᐽᔃℂቇߩකቇ߳ߩᔕ
↪㧦ᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߦᵈ කቇߩ޽ࠁߺ  
⋡ߒߡࠬ࠻࡟੍ࠬ㒐ߦ߅ߌࠆ⡯႐↥ᬺࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ⎇ศᎹ ᔀ‫ޔ‬ዊᧁ๺ቁ ⅣႺᡷༀ⦟ᅢታ〣ߣᡷༀᡰ
ⓥ
េ࠷࡯࡞ߩᓎഀ
⦟ᅢታ〣ߦቇ߱‫ޔ‬௛߈ࠃ޿⡯႐ߟߊࠅ㨪ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬᡰេߣ  ศᎹᔀ
ഭ௛ߩ⑼ቇ
ߒߡߩෳടဳ⡯႐ᡷༀߣࡔ  ࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷㨪࠷࡯࡞ࠍᵴ↪ߒߚࡔࡦ࠲࡞
ࡋ࡞ࠬኻ╷‫ࠬ࡞ࡋ࡞࠲ࡦࡔޔ‬ᔃߩࠝࠕࠪࠬ
5RTKPI 

ศᎹᔀ
ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢ࡝ࠬ࠻
ߩ․ᓽߣᵴ↪ᣇᴺ㧚ዊ↰ಾఝሶਅశノ৻ ↥ᬺࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߣ∋ഭ,+/    
⡯႐ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߩ࿖
Ꮉ਄ᙗੱ㓙ầᵹߣᣣᧄဳᨒ⚵ߺߩ⏕ ↥ᬺ♖␹଻ஜ     
┙ߦะߌߡ
௛ߊੱߩ߁ߟߣ⥄Ვߩ੍㒐
A
Ꮉ਄ᙗੱᶏᄖߩขࠅ⚵ߺߣࠊ߇࿖ߩ ቇⴚߩേะ  A໧㗴⸃᳿ߩᣇะᕈ
⡯ၞߦ߅ߌࠆ࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞࡮ࠠ ↥ᬺකቇࠫࡖ࡯
ᳯญዏ   
ࡖࡇ࠲࡞ߣஜᐽᓇ㗀࠽࡞⡯႐ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬኻ╷ߩ৻ᰴ੍㧔ශ೚ႇ ᣿⚐
ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ⑼ቇ
㒐㧦ౝᄖߩേะ㧚
ਛ㧕
ፉᵤ᣿ੱ

−  −

Φ㧚⎇ⓥᚑᨐߩೀⴕ‛࡮೎೚−  −