4411-0046
Version 2.6.A
January 31, 2012

*4411-0046*

Copyright 2001-2012

Princeton Instruments, a division of Roper Scientific, Inc.
3660 Quakerbridge Rd
Trenton, NJ 08619
TEL: 800-874-9789/609-587-9797
FAX: 609-587-1970

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the written
permission of Princeton Instruments, a division of Roper Scientific, Inc. ("Princeton Instruments").
Printed in the United States of America.
Adobe, Acrobat, Photoshop, and Reader are registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the
United States and/or other countries.
Cascade, PI-MAX, PIoNIR, and PyLoN are registered trademarks of Roper Scientific, Inc.
InSpectrum is a trademark of Acton Research Corporation.
Jasc and Paint Shop Pro are registered trademarks of Jasc Software, Inc.
Pentium is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation.
PVCAM is a registered trademark of Photometrics Ltd.
Windows and Windows Vista are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States
and/or other countries.
The information in this publication is believed to be accurate as of the publication release date. However,Princeton Instruments does not assume any responsibility for any consequences including any damages
resulting from the use thereof. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice.
Revision of this publication may be issued to incorporate such change.

Table of Contents
Part 1 Getting Started.................................................... 13
Introduction.........................................................................................................15
Summary of Chapter Information ..................................................................................... 15Part 1, Getting Started ................................................................................................ 15Part 2, Advanced Topics ............................................................................................ 16
Part 3, Reference ........................................................................................................ 17
Online Help ....................................................................................................................... 17
Tool Tips and Status Bar Messages .................................................................................. 17
Additional Documentation................................................................................................ 18

Chapter 1 Installing and Starting WinView/32 .................................................19
System Requirements ....................................................................................................... 19
Hardware Requirements ............................................................................................. 19
Operating System Requirements ................................................................................ 21
Your System Components ................................................................................................ 21
Installing the PCI Card Driver .......................................................................................... 23
Installing the USB 2.0 Card Driver .................................................................................. 23
WinView Version 2.5.25 and later............................................................................. 24
Installing the FireWire Card Driver .................................................................................. 24
Installing the GigE Ethernet Card Driver ......................................................................... 24
Installing WinView/32...................................................................................................... 25
Installing from the CD................................................................................................ 26
Installing from the FTP Site ....................................................................................... 26
Custom Installation Choices ...................................................................................... 27
Changing Installed Components, Repairing, or Uninstalling/Reinstalling WinView/32 . 27
Starting WinView/32 ........................................................................................................ 28

Chapter 2 Basic Hardware Setup ......................................................................31
Introduction....................................................................................................................... 31
Basic Hardware Overview ................................................................................................ 31
Entering the Default Camera System Parameters into WinView ..................................... 33
Camera Detection Wizard .......................................................................................... 33
Entering Controller and Detector Characteristics............................................................. 37
Entering the Data Orientation ........................................................................................... 41
Entering the Interface Communication Parameters .......................................................... 42
Entering the Cleans/Skips Characteristics ........................................................................ 43

Chapter 3 Initial Data Collection .......................................................................47
Introduction....................................................................................................................... 47
Temperature Control ......................................................................................................... 48
Cleans and Skips ............................................................................................................... 49
Experiment Setup Procedure (All Controllers and Unintensified Cameras) .................... 49
Experiment Setup Procedures (Intensified Cameras) ....................................................... 52
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Data Collection Procedures (Intensified Cameras) .......................................................... 53
Data Collection Procedures (Controller-Specific)............................................................ 53
ST-133-Controller ...................................................................................................... 53
PentaMAX Controller ................................................................................................ 55
Data Collection (Unintensified Cameras)......................................................................... 57

Chapter 4 Opening, Closing, and Saving Data Files .......................................59
Introduction....................................................................................................................... 59
Opening Data Files ........................................................................................................... 59
Saving Data Files .............................................................................................................. 62
Saving Temporary Data Files ..................................................................................... 62
Data File tab ............................................................................................................... 63
Closing a Data File ........................................................................................................... 63
Deleting Data Files ........................................................................................................... 64

Chapter 5 Displaying the Data...........................................................................65
Introduction....................................................................................................................... 65
Screen Refresh Rate .......................................................................................................... 66
Data Displayed as an Image .............................................................................................. 66
Displaying CIRCUIT.SPE.......................................................................................... 66
Changing the Brightness Range ................................................................................. 67
Brightness/Contrast Control ....................................................................................... 67
Selecting a Region of Interest .................................................................................... 68
Data Window Context menu ............................................................................................ 69
Labeling Images and Graphs ............................................................................................ 69
Data Displayed as a 3D Graph.......................................................................................... 72
Displaying Hid-lamp.spe ............................................................................................ 73
5%-95% Display Range ............................................................................................. 75
Selecting a Region of Interest .................................................................................... 76
Information box .......................................................................................................... 77
Displaying a Single Strip ........................................................................................... 77
Cursor ......................................................................................................................... 78
Strip Selection ............................................................................................................ 79
Cursor Curve and Marker Curves .............................................................................. 79
Hidden Surfaces ......................................................................................................... 80
Opening the Display Layout dialog ........................................................................... 82
Viewing Axes and Cross Sections ............................................................................. 82
Information box .......................................................................................................... 84
Autoranging the Intensity in a ROI ............................................................................ 84
Relabeling the Axes ................................................................................................... 84
Changing the Color of the Axes and Labels .............................................................. 85
Specifying a New ROI and Intensity Range............................................................... 86
Displaying a Z-Slice ................................................................................................... 86

Part 2 Advanced Topics ................................................ 87
Chapter 6 On-Line Data Acquisition Processes ..............................................89
Introduction....................................................................................................................... 89
On-Line Thresholding ...................................................................................................... 89

Table of Contentsv

Description ................................................................................................................. 89
Parameters .................................................................................................................. 90
Procedure.................................................................................................................... 90
ASCII Output File ............................................................................................................. 90
Description ................................................................................................................. 90
Procedure.................................................................................................................... 91

Chapter 7 Cleaning .............................................................................................93
Introduction....................................................................................................................... 93
Clean Cycles ..................................................................................................................... 93
Continuous Cleans ............................................................................................................ 94
Continuous Cleans Instruction .......................................................................................... 96
ROIs and Cleaning ............................................................................................................ 96
Kinetics and Cleaning ....................................................................................................... 96

Chapter 8 ROI Definition & Binning ..................................................................97
Overview ........................................................................................................................... 97
General ....................................................................................................................... 97
Binning (Group and Height parameters) .......................................................................... 98
Overview .................................................................................................................... 98
Defining ROIs ................................................................................................................... 99
Examples of Imaging ROIs ........................................................................................ 99
Constraints on Defining Multiple Regions of Interest (ROIs) ................................. 100
Methods of Defining and Storing ROIs ................................................................... 100

Chapter 9 Correction Techniques ...................................................................103
Introduction..................................................................................................................... 103
Background Subtraction ................................................................................................. 103
Acquiring Background Files .................................................................................... 103
Setting Automatic Background Subtraction ............................................................. 104
Background Subtraction with Intensified Cameras .................................................. 104
Flatfield Correction......................................................................................................... 105
Acquiring a Flatfield File ......................................................................................... 105
Automatic Flatfield Correction ................................................................................ 105
CCD Blemishes............................................................................................................... 106
Creating a Blemish File ............................................................................................ 106
Cosmic Ray Removal ..................................................................................................... 107

Chapter 10 Image Math ....................................................................................109
Introduction..................................................................................................................... 109
Source Data and Destination Selection .......................................................................... 109
Operations ....................................................................................................................... 110
Operation Descriptions ................................................................................................... 111
Linear Operations ..................................................................................................... 111
Non-Linear Operations ............................................................................................. 111
Bitwise Operations ................................................................................................... 112
Binary Operations .................................................................................................... 112
Procedure ........................................................................................................................ 113

Chapter 11 Post-Acquisition Mask Processes ..............................................115
Introduction..................................................................................................................... 115
Input tab.................................................................................................................... 115

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Output tab ................................................................................................................. 115
Edge Enhancement ......................................................................................................... 116
Parameters tab .......................................................................................................... 116
Laplacian Masks....................................................................................................... 117
Sobel Edge Detection ............................................................................................... 117
Edge Enhancement Procedure .................................................................................. 117
Sharpening Functions ..................................................................................................... 118
Parameters tab .......................................................................................................... 118
Sharpening Procedure .............................................................................................. 118
Smoothing Functions ...................................................................................................... 119
Parameters tab .......................................................................................................... 119
Smoothing Procedure ............................................................................................... 119
Morphological Functions ................................................................................................ 120
Parameters tab .......................................................................................................... 120
Morphological Procedure ......................................................................................... 121
Custom Filter .................................................................................................................. 122
Filter Matrix tab ....................................................................................................... 122
Custom Filter Procedure .......................................................................................... 122
Look Up Table ................................................................................................................ 123
Look Up Table tab ................................................................................................... 123
the data display window appropriately. ................................................................... 123
Look Up Table Procedure ........................................................................................ 123
Look Up Table Formats ........................................................................................... 124
References....................................................................................................................... 125

Chapter 12 Additional Post-Acquisition Processes ......................................127
Introduction..................................................................................................................... 127
Input tab.................................................................................................................... 127
Output tab ................................................................................................................. 127
Threshold and Clipping .................................................................................................. 128
Procedure.................................................................................................................. 128
Cross Section .................................................................................................................. 129
Introduction .............................................................................................................. 129
Procedure.................................................................................................................. 129
Binning and Skipping ..................................................................................................... 130
Introduction .............................................................................................................. 130
Procedure.................................................................................................................. 130
Binning and Skipping Restrictions and Limitations ................................................ 131
Histogram Calculation .................................................................................................... 132
Introduction .............................................................................................................. 132
Procedure.................................................................................................................. 132

Chapter 13 Printing ..........................................................................................133
Introduction..................................................................................................................... 133
Setting up the Printer ...................................................................................................... 133
Printing Directly from WinView/32 ............................................................................... 134
Print Preview .................................................................................................................. 134
Printing a Screen Capture ............................................................................................... 135
Saving as TIF and Printing ............................................................................................. 136

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Chapter 14 Pulser Operation ...........................................................................137
Introduction..................................................................................................................... 137
PG200 Programmable Pulse Generator .......................................................................... 137
Programming the Delayed Trigger and Auxiliary Trigger Outputs ......................... 139
DG535 Digital Delay/Pulse Generator ........................................................................... 141
Programmable Timing Generator (PTG) ........................................................................ 144
SuperSYNCHRO Timing Generator .............................................................................. 148
Repetitive Mode Parameters ........................................................................................... 152
Sequential Mode Parameters .......................................................................................... 153
Timing Generator Interactive Trigger Setup .................................................................. 156
Timing Generator Interactive Gate Width and Delay..................................................... 157

Chapter 15 Custom Toolbar Settings .............................................................159
Introduction..................................................................................................................... 159
Displaying the Custom Toolbar ...................................................................................... 159
Customizing the Toolbar ................................................................................................ 159
Adding an Available Button..................................................................................... 160
Removing a Button................................................................................................... 160
Individual Dialog Item Descriptions............................................................................... 160

Chapter 16 Software Options ..........................................................................163
Introduction..................................................................................................................... 163
Custom Chip (WXCstChp.opt) ....................................................................................... 163
Introduction .............................................................................................................. 163
Custom Timing (WXCstTim.opt) ................................................................................... 164
Introduction .............................................................................................................. 164
FITS (FITS.exe) .............................................................................................................. 165
Macro Record (WXmacrec.opt) ..................................................................................... 166
Virtual Chip (WXvchip.opt) ........................................................................................... 167
Introduction .............................................................................................................. 167
Virtual Chip Setup ................................................................................................... 168
Experimental Timing................................................................................................ 170
Tips ........................................................................................................................... 170

Part 3 Reference .......................................................... 173
Appendix A System and Camera Nomenclature ...........................................175
System, Controller Type, and Camera Type Cross-Reference ....................................... 175
System and System Component Descriptions ................................................................ 178
Systems: ................................................................................................................... 178
Controllers: ............................................................................................................... 180
Cameras/Detectors: .................................................................................................. 180
Pulsers: ..................................................................................................................... 180
High-Voltage Power Supplies: ................................................................................. 181
Miscellaneous Components: .................................................................................... 181
Array Designators ........................................................................................................... 181

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Appendix B Data Structure ..............................................................................183
Version 1.43 Header ....................................................................................................... 183
Version 1.6 Header ......................................................................................................... 184
Version 2.5 Header (3/23/04) ......................................................................................... 187
Start of Data (4100 - ) ............................................................................................. 191
Definition of Array Sizes ................................................................................................ 191
Custom Data Types Used In the Structure ..................................................................... 191
Reading Data .................................................................................................................. 192

Appendix C CD ROM Failure Work-Arounds .................................................193
Appendix D WinView/32 Repair and Maintenance ........................................195
Install/Uninstall WinView/32 Components at a Later Time .......................................... 195
Installing More than One Version of WinView/32 ........................................................ 197
PIHWDEF.INI & SESSION.DAT .................................................................................. 198
Uninstalling and Reinstalling ......................................................................................... 198

Appendix E USB 2.0 Limitations .....................................................................199
Appendix F Troubleshooting...........................................................................201
Introduction..................................................................................................................... 201
Camera1 (or similar name) on Hardware Setup dialog .................................................. 201
Controller Is Not Responding ......................................................................................... 202
Data Loss or Serial Violation ......................................................................................... 202
Data Overrun Due to Hardware Conflict message ......................................................... 202
Data Overrun Has Occurred message ............................................................................. 203
Error Creating Controller message ................................................................................. 204
Ethernet Network is not accessible ................................................................................. 204
OrangeUSB USB 2.0 Driver Update .............................................................................. 205
Program Error message ................................................................................................... 206
Serial violations have occurred. Check interface cable. ................................................. 207

Appendix G Glossary .......................................................................................209
Warranty & Service...........................................................................................211
Limited Warranty............................................................................................................ 211
Basic Limited One (1) Year Warranty ..................................................................... 211
Limited One (1) Year Warranty on Refurbished or Discontinued Products............ 211
XP Vacuum Chamber Limited Lifetime Warranty .................................................. 211
Sealed Chamber Integrity Limited 12 Month Warranty .......................................... 212
Vacuum Integrity Limited 12 Month Warranty ....................................................... 212
Image Intensifier Detector Limited One Year Warranty ......................................... 212
X-Ray Detector Limited One Year Warranty .......................................................... 212
Software Limited Warranty...................................................................................... 212
Owner's Manual and Troubleshooting ..................................................................... 213
Your Responsibility ................................................................................................. 213
Contact Information ........................................................................................................ 214

Index ..................................................................................................................215

Table of Contentsix

FiguresFigure 1. Opening WinView/32 via the Windows Start button ...................................... 28
Figure 2. Splash screen .................................................................................................... 29
Figure 3. Main WinView/32 window .............................................................................. 29
Figure 4. Setup menu ....................................................................................................... 31
Figure 5. Possible System Configurations ....................................................................... 32
Figure 6. Air-Cooled System (with Internal Controller) Diagram .................................. 32
Figure 7. Liquid- or Air-Cooled System (with External Controller) Diagram ................ 33
Figure 8. Cryo-Cooled System (with External Controller) Diagram............................... 33
Figure 9. Camera Detection Wizard - Welcome dialog................................................... 34
Figure 10. Camera Detection Wizard - Detected Hardware dialog ................................. 34
Figure 11. Camera Detection Wizard - Welcome (Manual selected) dialog ................... 35
Figure 12. Camera Detection Wizard - Optional Configuration Disk dialog .................. 35
Figure 13. Camera Detection Wizard - Test Image dialog .............................................. 36
Figure 14. Camera Detection Wizard - Finished dialog .................................................. 36
Figure 15. Controller/Camera tab .................................................................................... 37
Figure 16. Display tab; left graphic applies to all controllers except ST-121; rightgraphic applies to ST-121 only ..................................................................... 41
Figure 17. Interface tab .................................................................................................... 42
Figure 18. Cleans/Skips tab ............................................................................................. 43
Figure 19. Vertical Skips ................................................................................................. 45
Figure 20. Temperature dialog ........................................................................................ 48
Figure 21. Experiment Setup: Main tab ........................................................................... 49
Figure 22. Timing tab ...................................................................................................... 50
Figure 23. Data Corrections tab ....................................................................................... 50
Figure 24. Generic ADC tab ............................................................................................ 51
Figure 25. Data File dialog .............................................................................................. 51
Figure 26. File Browse dialog ......................................................................................... 52
Figure 27. ST-133 Interactive Camera dialog ................................................................. 54
Figure 28. PentaMAX Interactive Operation dialog........................................................ 55
Figure 29. Typical Data Acquisition Image..................................................................... 57
Figure 30. Open dialog .................................................................................................... 59
Figure 31. CIRCUIT.SPE Displayed ............................................................................... 60
Figure 32. Data File Save As dialog ................................................................................ 62
Figure 33. Save As Data Types ....................................................................................... 62
Figure 34. Data File tab ................................................................................................... 63
Figure 35. Right-click File Operations menu .................................................................. 64
Figure 36. Image Display of 256 Data Strips .................................................................. 65
Figure 37. 3D Graph with Two Data Strips ..................................................................... 65
Figure 38. Open dialog .................................................................................................... 66
Figure 39. CIRCUIT.SPE Image ..................................................................................... 67
Figure 40. Brightness/Contrast dialog ............................................................................. 67
Figure 41. CIRCUIT.SPE with Region selected for viewing ......................................... 68
Figure 42. CIRCUIT.SPE expanded to show Defined Region ........................................ 68
Figure 43. Data Window Context menu .......................................................................... 69
Figure 44. Normal Context menu .................................................................................... 69
Figure 45. ROI Context menu.......................................................................................... 69
Figure 46. Label Display action....................................................................................... 70
Figure 47. Label Options subdialog................................................................................. 70
Figure 48. Label Text Entry box...................................................................................... 71

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Figure 49. Data with Finished Label ............................................................................... 71
Figure 50. Edit box with Line-wrapped Label and Finished Label ................................. 72
Figure 51. ROI resized to correct Line-wrapping ............................................................ 72
Figure 52. Display after changing Font Selection ........................................................... 72
Figure 53. 3D Graph with Five Data Strips ..................................................................... 73
Figure 54. Open dialog .................................................................................................... 73
Figure 55. Display Layout dialog .................................................................................... 74
Figure 56. Hid-lamp.spe 3-D Graph ................................................................................ 75
Figure 57. Hid-lamp.spe 3D Graph with Region selected for viewing ........................... 76
Figure 58. Hid-lamp.spe 3D Graph expanded to show Defined Region ......................... 76
Figure 59. Graphical Display with Information box ....................................................... 77
Figure 60. Single Strip displayed graphically.................................................................. 77
Figure 61. 3D display with Cursor Curve and Marker Curves ........................................ 79
Figure 62 Foot1.spe File displayed as 3D Graph ............................................................ 80
Figure 63 Display Layout|Range tab ............................................................................... 80
Figure 64 Display Layout|3D tab ..................................................................................... 81
Figure 65. 3D Plot with Hidden Surfaces ........................................................................ 82
Figure 66. Display Layout dialog .................................................................................... 82
Figure 67. Display Layout|Range tab .............................................................................. 82
Figure 68. Selecting the Large Cursor ............................................................................. 83
Figure 69. CIRCUIT.SPE with Axes and Cross-Sections ............................................... 83
Figure 70. Information box .............................................................................................. 84
Figure 71. Display Layout|Axes tab ................................................................................ 84
Figure 72. Fonts dialog .................................................................................................... 85
Figure 73. Display Layout|Color tab ............................................................................... 85
Figure 74. Display Layout| Color Palette ........................................................................ 85
Figure 75. Multi-frame Data and a Z-Slice of that Data .................................................. 86
Figure 76. Experiment Setup|Processes tab ..................................................................... 89
Figure 77. Online Thresholding Setup dialog ................................................................. 89
Figure 78. ASCII Output Setup dialog ............................................................................ 90
Figure 79. Clean Cycles in Freerun Operation ................................................................ 93
Figure 80. Cleans/Skips tab ............................................................................................. 94
Figure 81. Timing Tab: External Sync with Continuous Cleans Selected ...................... 94
Figure 82. External Sync Timing Diagram ...................................................................... 95
Figure 83. External Sync with Continuous Cleans Timing Diagram .............................. 95
Figure 84. Cleans/Skips tab: Continuous Cleans Instruction .......................................... 96
Figure 85. Assumed Array Orientation ........................................................................... 97
Figure 86. Single Full-width ROI .................................................................................... 99
Figure 87. Single Partial-width ROI ................................................................................ 99
Figure 88. Multiple Full-width ROIs ............................................................................... 99
Figure 89. Multiple ROIs with Different Widths ............................................................ 99
Figure 90. Multiple Imaging ROIs and Resulting Data ................................................. 100
Figure 91. ROI Setup tab ............................................................................................... 101
Figure 92. Data Corrections tab ..................................................................................... 104
Figure 93. Blemish Files: CSV format and Tab Delimited format................................ 106
Figure 94. Math dialog .................................................................................................. 109
Figure 95. Operation tab ................................................................................................ 111
Figure 96. Input tab........................................................................................................ 115
Figure 97. Output tab ..................................................................................................... 115
Figure 98. Edge Enhancement| Parameters tab.............................................................. 116
Figure 99. Original Image (left) and Edge-detected Image (right) ................................ 117

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Figure 100. Sharpening|Parameters tab ......................................................................... 118
Figure 101. Original Image (left) and Smoothed Image (right) ..................................... 119
Figure 102. Smoothing|Parameters tab .......................................................................... 119
Figure 103. Morphological|Parameters tab .................................................................... 120
Figure 104. Original Image (left) and Dilated Image (right) ......................................... 120
Figure 105. Original Image (left) and Eroded Image (right) ......................................... 120
Figure 106. Original Image (left) and Opened Image with Three Iterations (right) ...... 121
Figure 107. Filter Matrix tab ......................................................................................... 122
Figure 108. Look-Up Table ........................................................................................... 123
Figure 109. Input tab...................................................................................................... 127
Figure 110. Output tab ................................................................................................... 127
Figure 111. Threshold and Clipping|Parameters tab ..................................................... 128
Figure 112. Example Cross Sections of an ROI ............................................................ 129
Figure 113. Cross Section|Parameters tab ..................................................................... 129
Figure 114. Post-processing Binning and Skipping|Parameters tab .............................. 130
Figure 115. Post-processing Histogram| Parameters tab ............................................... 132
Figure 116. Print Setup dialog ....................................................................................... 133
Figure 117. Print dialog ................................................................................................. 134
Figure 118. Print Preview window ................................................................................ 134
Figure 119. Pulsers dialog ............................................................................................. 137
Figure 120. PG200|Comm Port tab ................................................................................ 138
Figure 121. PG200|Triggers tab ..................................................................................... 138
Figure 122. PG200|Gating tab ....................................................................................... 139
Figure 123. PG200|Repetitive Gating Setup dialog....................................................... 139
Figure 124. PG200|Sequential Gating Setup dialog ...................................................... 140
Figure 125. Camera State dialog ................................................................................... 141
Figure 126. DG535 dialog ............................................................................................. 141
Figure 127. DG535|Comm Port tab ............................................................................... 142
Figure 128. DG535|Triggers tab .................................................................................... 142
Figure 129. DG535|Gating tab ....................................................................................... 143
Figure 130. DG535|Repetitive Gating Setup ................................................................. 143
Figure 131. DG535|Sequential Gating Setup dialog ..................................................... 143
Figure 132. Camera State dialog ................................................................................... 144
Figure 133. Pulsers dialog ............................................................................................. 144
Figure 134. PTG|Triggers tab ........................................................................................ 145
Figure 135. PTG|Gating tab ........................................................................................... 145
Figure 136. PTG|Repetitive Gating Setup ..................................................................... 145
Figure 137. PTG|Sequential Gating Setup box .............................................................. 146
Figure 138. PTG|Aux. Trig. Out tab .............................................................................. 148
Figure 139. Camera State dialog ................................................................................... 148
Figure 140. Pulsers dialog ............................................................................................. 149
Figure 141. SuperSYNCHRO dialog............................................................................. 149
Figure 142. SuperSYNCHRO|Gating tab ...................................................................... 150
Figure 143. SuperSYNCHRO|Repetitive Gating dialog (Internal Trigger on left;
External Trigger on right) ........................................................................... 150
Figure 144. SuperSYNCHRO|Sequential Gating dialog (Internal Trigger) .................. 151
Figure 145. SuperSYNCHRO|Sequential Gating dialog (External Trigger) ................. 151
Figure 146. SuperSYNCHRO|Trigger Out tab .............................................................. 152
Figure 147. Range Limits Exceeded Warning ............................................................... 154
Figure 148. Gate Width/Delay Sequence dialog ........................................................... 155
Figure 149. Sequence Values File dialog ...................................................................... 156

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Figure 150. Timing Generator Interactive Trigger Setup dialog ................................... 156
Figure 151. Timing Generator Interactive Gate Width and Delay dialog ..................... 157
Figure 152. Default Custom Toolbar ............................................................................. 159
Figure 153. Customize Toolbar dialog .......................................................................... 159
Figure 154. Custom Chip tab ......................................................................................... 163
Figure 155. Custom Timing tab ..................................................................................... 164
Figure 156. FITS dialog ................................................................................................ 165
Figure 157. Macro Record dialog .................................................................................. 166
Figure 158. Virtual Chip Functional diagram ............................................................... 167
Figure 159. Virtual Chip dialog ..................................................................................... 167
Figure 160. WinSpec, WinView, or WinXTest Selection dialogs ................................ 195
Figure 161. Media Password dialog .............................................................................. 196
Figure 162. Application Maintenance dialog ................................................................ 196
Figure 163. Select Features dialog ................................................................................ 196
Figure 164. WinView/32 has been successfully installed dialog .................................. 197
Figure 165. Exit or Install another Program dialog ....................................................... 197
Figure 166. Camera1 in Camera Name Field ................................................................ 201
Figure 167. Data Overrun Due to Hardware Conflict dialog ........................................ 202
Figure 168. Error Creating Controller dialogs ............................................................... 204
Figure 169. Ebus Driver Installation Tool dialog .......................................................... 205
Figure 170. Program Error dialog .................................................................................. 206
Figure 171. Serial Violations Have Occurred dialog .................................................... 207

TablesTable 1. PCI Driver Files and Locations ......................................................................... 23
Table 2. USB Driver Files and Locations........................................................................ 24
Table 3. Cursor Appearance and Behavior for Images and Graphs ................................ 78
Table 4. Features Supported under USB 2.0 ................................................................. 199

Part 1
Getting Started
Introduction ........................................................................................................... 15
Chapter 1, Installing and Starting WinView/32 ............................................. 19
Chapter 2, Basic Hardware Setup .................................................................... 31
Chapter 3, Initial Data Collection ..................................................................... 47
Chapter 4, Opening, Closing, and Saving Data Files ................................. 59
Chapter 5, Displaying the Data ......................................................................... 65

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Introduction
The WinView manual has been written to give new users of Princeton Instruments
systems step-by-step guides to basic data collection, storage, and processing
operations. The most up-to-date version of this software manual and other Princeton
Instruments manuals can be found and downloaded fromftp://ftp.princetoninstruments.com/public/Manuals/Princeton Instruments/.
The WinView manual is divided into the following three parts:
Part 1, Getting Started, is primarily intended for the first time user who is familiar
with Windows-based applications or for the experienced user who wants to review.
These chapters lead you through hardware setup, experiment setup, data collection,
file handling, and data display procedures.

Part 2, Advanced Topics, goes on to discuss ancillary topics such as cleaning,
ROIs, binning, data correction techniques, post-acquisition processing, printing,pulser operation and customizing the toolbar. These chapters are more informational
and less procedural than those in Part 1.

Part 3, Reference, contains appendices that provide additional useful information,such as

commonly used system, controller type and camera type terminology provided inAppendix A and

data-structure information provided in Appendix B.

Also included are appendices that address repair and maintenance of the
WinView/32 software and installation work-arounds for situations where the CD
ROM does not support long file names.
A software hardware setup wizard guides you through the critical hardware selections
the first time you select Setup – Hardware. To properly respond to the wizard’s queries,
you may have to refer to your ordering information, such as exact camera model, A/D
converters, etc. Keep this information handy.
Even though the wizard will assist you in getting started, it will still be necessary to readthrough this manual to familiarize yourself with the many data-collection and analysis
options available.
Note: Throughout the manual references are made to the PI-MAX camera/detector. Thiscamera/detector was previously called the I-MAX and the ICCD-MAX.

Summary of Chapter Information
Part 1, Getting Started
Introduction describes the contents of this manual as well as other information
sources including online Help and other documentation files.
Chapter 1

Installing and Starting WinView/32 lists system requirements anddescribes how to install the WinView/32 software.
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Chapter 2

Basic Hardware Setup provides detailed instructions on how to
configure WinView/32 for operation with the hardware (camera andcontroller) in your particular system. Pulser configuration is discussed in
Chapter 14.

Chapter 3

Initial Data Collection provides a procedure for initial data collection,
allowing users to gain some operating familiarity before going on tomore complex measurements.

Chapter 4

Opening Closing and Saving Data Files describes how to open,
close and save data files in WinView/32.

Chapter 5

Displaying the Data describes the data file display options.

Part 2, Advanced Topics
Chapter 6

On-Line Data Acquisition Processes describes data acquisition
processes that can be activated to occur during data acquisition. These
processes are on-line thresholding and ASCII output.

Chapter 7

Cleaning describes the cleaning features that are used (while dataacquisition is idle) to prevent the buildup of unwanted charge on thearray.

Chapter 8

ROI Definition & Binning describes how to set a region of interest(ROI), so that data is only collected from the specified portion of the
CCD array. It also describes binning, the summing together of charge
from several pixels, on the array or in software during data acquisition.
Simple or more advanced binning options can be configured easily with
WinView/32.

Chapter 9

Correction Techniques explains correction options such as
background subtraction, flatfield correction, and cosmic ray artifact
correction.

Chapter 10

Image Math covers WinView/32’s mathematical processing features.

Chapter 11

Post-Acquisition Processing Mask Operations discusses theseveral post-acquisition mask-process options provided, including Edgeenhancement, Sharpening, Smoothing and the Morphological Erode andDilation operations.

Chapter 12

Additional Post-Acquisition Processing Options discusses the
additional post-acquisition processing options available, including
Threshold and Clipping, Cross Sections, Binning and Skipping, andHistogram functions.

Chapter 13

Printing describes printing features of WinView/32. WinView/32 canprint directly to almost any Windows printer driver.

Chapter 14

Pulser Operation describes the operation of the Pulsers that can beused with WinView/32.

Chapter 15

Custom Toolbar Settings describes the Custom Toolbar andexplains how to add/remove the available buttons.

Chapter 16

Software Options describes WinView/32 options that can also bepurchased from Princeton Instruments.

Introduction

17Part 3, Reference
Appendix A System and Camera Nomenclature provides a cross-referencetable for systems, controllers, and cameras/CCD arrays. It also provides
brief descriptions of systems and system components. CCD array related
abbreviations are also included.
Appendix B Data Structure contains descriptions of the data structure for both
WinView/WinSpec 1.43 and for 1.6 (which is the same as for
WinView/32 and WinSpec/32).
Appendix C CD ROM Failure Work Arounds provides advice on how tosuccessfully complete the installation in situations where the CD ROM
does not support long file names.
Appendix D WinView/32 Repair and Maintenance provides information on how
to repair, reinstall and uninstall WinView/32 components.
Appendix E

USB 2.0 Limitations covers the currently known limitations
associated with operating under the USB 2.0 interface.
Appendix F Troubleshooting USB 2.0 provides solutions to communication
problems that may occur when operating under the USB 2.0 interface.
Appendix G Glossary includes brief definitions of terms used in relation to
WinView/32 and the system hardware.

Online Help
The WINVIEW.CHM online documentation contains:

Information that is in this manual,Step-by-step instructions on how to use WinView functions,

Reference information about WinView and its functions, and

Context-sensitive help, which describes a screen or menu item that is being
pointed to or that is active when a Help button is clicked on.

Tool Tips and Status Bar Messages
Placing the mouse cursor on a button and resting it there for a few seconds causes a brief
tool-tip message to appear that describes the button’s function. Tool tips are also
provided for the individual panes of the Status Bar (at the bottom of the WinView/32
window). Note that tool tips only appear at the desktop level. Tool tips are not provided
for the buttons on the individual dialogs and tabs.
More detailed descriptions for each button at the desktop level are provided at the left
side of the Status Bar. Status Bar help messages are also provided for the menu
selections.

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Additional Documentation
Additional documentation can be found in the \WinView32\Documentation directory on
the hard drive where WinView/32 was installed. Among the files that may be in thisdirectory are:
WINHEAD.TXT

This file contains documentation on the header structure for
WinSpec/32 or WinView/32 Data Files. TXT files can be opened
with any ASCII text editor.

WinX_readme.doc This is a read-me file that contains the latest information on newfeatures, fixed problems, and work-arounds for issues not yet solved.
WinX32 Automation 3.X for Visual Basic.pdf This file is stored in the directorywhen the Visual Basic User Interface component is selected during
installation. It describes how to create your own Snap-Ins by using
Visual Basic Professional Edition and the WinX32 Automation files.
Requires Adobe® Acrobat® Reader®.
WinX32 Programming for Macro Record.pdf This file is stored in the directorywhen the Macro option is installed. It provides detailed information
on how to create and edit macro programs for WinView/32.
Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader. The Macro option is not suppliedwith the standard WinView/32 program.

Chapter 1
Installing and Starting WinView/32
To ensure that the computer you have can operate the Princeton Instruments equipment,
please first read the system requirements below carefully. WinView/32’s requirements
differ from those of previous versions of WinView.
After confirming that your computer meets all hardware and software requirements,
install WinView/32 according to the instructions in this chapter. Do not attempt to run
the software until you have read Chapters 2 and 3, which discuss important hardwaresetup and data acquisition issues. Also, it is recommended that you install the Princeton
Instruments interface board in your computer after installing WinView/32 but before
running the software. Instructions for installing the interface board are provided in yourPrinceton Instruments hardware manuals.
Note: If your computer and system were purchased together from Princeton Instruments,
the Interface card will have been installed at the factory.

System Requirements
The following information lists the system hardware and software requirements.

Hardware Requirements
Princeton Instruments camera and, if required by the camera, a Princeton Instruments
ST series controller with either a TAXI or USB 2.0 Interface Control module forcommunication between controller and host computer.



Host Computer (TAXI Protocol):

Minimum is AT-compatible computer with 80486 (or higher) processor (50 MHz
or faster): Pentium® or better recommended.

Princeton Instruments (RSPI) high speed PCI or Photometrics high speed PCI
serial card. Computers purchased from Princeton Instruments are shipped withthe card installed.



Minimum of 32 Mbyte total RAM for CCDs up to 1.4 million pixels. Collecting
larger images at full frame or at high speed may require 128 Mbytes or more ofRAM.

Hard disk with a minimum of 80 Mbytes available. A complete installation of
the program files takes about 17 Mbytes, and the remainder is required for data
storage. Collection of large images may require additional hard disk storage,
depending on the number of images collected and their size. Disk levelcompression programs are not recommended.

ATTENTION Not all computers are able to satisfy the software and data-transfer performancerequirements of Princeton Instruments systems. If you purchased a computer throughPrinceton Instruments, it will have already been tested for proper operation with a
Princeton Instruments system and will have the Interface card installed.
19

20

WinView/32 ManualVersion 2.6.ASuper VGA monitor and graphics card supporting at least 256 colors with atleast 1 Mbyte of memory. Memory required will depend on desired display
resolution.

Two-button Microsoft-compatible serial mouse or Logitech three-button
serial/bus mouse.

Host Computer (USB 2.0 Protocol):

AT-compatible computer with Pentium 3 or better processor that runs at 1 GHz or
better.



Native USB 2.0 support on the motherboard or USB Interface Card (Orange
Micro 70USB90011 USB2.0 PCI is recommended for desktop computers and the
SIIG, Inc. USB 2.0 PC Card, Model US2246 is recommended for laptop
computers).



Minimum of 256 Mb of RAM.



CD-ROM drive.

Hard disk with a minimum of 80 Mbytes available. A complete installation of
the program files takes about 17 Mbytes and the remainder is required for data
storage, depending on the number and size of images collected. Disk levelcompression programs are not recommended.

Super VGA monitor and graphics card supporting at least 256 colors with atleast 1 Mbyte of memory. Memory requirement is dependent on desired display
resolution.

Two-button Microsoft compatible serial mouse or Logitech three-button
serial/bus mouse.

Host Computer (FireWire Protocol):

Pentium 3 or better processor running at 1 GHz or better.



Native FireWire (IEEE 1394a) support on the mother board or plug-in interface
card.



Minimum of 512 Mbytes of RAM.



CD-ROM drive.

Hard disk with a minimum of 1-2 Gbytes available. A complete installation of
the program files takes about 25 Mbytes and the remainder is required for dataChapter 1

Installing and Starting WinView/32



21

Host Computer (GigE Protocol):

2 GHz Pentium 4 (or greater)

1 GB RAM (or greater)CD-ROM driveAt least one unused PCI card slot (32-bit) (PCI 2.3 compliant 32-bit 33/66 MHz bus)Super VGA monitor and graphics card supporting at least 65535 colors with atleast 128 Mbyte of memory. Memory requirement is dependent on desired
display resolution.

Hard disk with a minimum of 1 Gbyte available. A complete installation of the
program files takes about 50 Mbytes and the remainder is required for data
storage, depending on the number and size of images/spectra collected. Disk
level compression programs are not recommended. Drive speed of 10,000 RPM
recommended.

Mouse or other pointing device.

Operating System Requirements
TAXI Protocol: Windows® XP or Windows Vista® (32-bit) operating system.
USB 2 Protocol: Windows XP (with Service Pack 1) or Vista (32-bit).
FireWire Protocol: Windows XP (with Service Pack 2) or Vista (32-bit).
GigE Protocol: Windows XP (32-bit with SP3 or later) or Vista (32-bit).

Your System Components
Take a few minutes and enter the information in the table below. Various pieces of thisinformation will be required when you install WinView/32, when the Setup Wizard (seeCamera Detection wizard, page 33) runs, and when you begin entering component
information on the dialogs and tabs associated with Hardware Setup and Pulser Setup.
Other information such as software version and hardware serial numbers may be useful if
you ever need to contact Customer Support.
System Component
Application Software
and Version

Your System
WinView Version 2.6.____

Software Options

PVCAM® Driver

Notes
Found on the installation
CD or via the WinView
Help menu.
Options (purchased
separately from
WinView) such as Macro
Record or Virtual Chip.

Yes / No

PVCAM driver is used to
run Photometrics
cameras, PhotonMAX,
Princeton Instruments
cameras with USB 2, and
the Acton InSpectrum™.

22

WinView/32 Manual

System Component
Interface CardYour System
Princeton Instruments PCI,
Tucson PCI, USB 2.0,
FireWire, GigE

System NameController

Version 2.6.A

Notes
Older systems use thePrinceton Instruments PCI.
Tucson PCI is required for
Photometrics cameras andPhotonMAX. Newer
Princeton Instruments
systems use USB 2,
FireWire or GigE.
Refer to your order andAppendix A

PentaMAX, ST-121, ST-133,
ST-133-2MHz, ST-133-5MHz,
ST-138, __________________

Refer to your order andAppendix A

Controller Serial
Number

Refer to the serial label.
Typically, this is locatedon the bottom of the unit.

Detector/Camera and
CCD Array

Refer to your order andAppendix A

Detector/Camera Serial
Number

Refer to the serial label.
Typically, this is locatedon the back of the unit.

Shutter Type

Small (25 mm), Large( 35mm), None

Pulser TypeDG535, PG200, PTG, or
SuperSYNCHRO

Pulser Serial Number

PTG is associated with
the PI-MAX andPI-MAX2 cameras.
SuperSYNCHRO is
associated with PI-MAX3
cameras.
Refer to serial label,
typically located on theback of the unit and in thelower left corner.

Chapter 1

Installing and Starting WinView/32

23

Installing the PCI Card Driver
Administrator privileges are required under Windows XP, Vista (32-bit), andWindows 7 (32-bit) to install software and hardware.
Before installing the PCI card in your computer, install WinView. Then, turn thecomputer off. Follow the instructions supplied with your computer for installing aninternal card and install the PCI card. After you have secured the card in the computerand replaced the cover, turn the computer on. When Windows boots, it will try to install
the new hardware. If it cannot locate the driver, you will be prompted to enter the
directory path, either by keyboard entry or by using the browse function.
When WinView was installed, the required INF file was put into the Windows/INF
directory and PCI card driver file is put in the Windows/System32/ Drivers directory.
Windows
Version

PCI INF Filename
Located in "Windows"/INF
directory*

PCI Device Driver Name
Located in "Windows"/System32/Drivers
directory

Windows XP,
Vista (32-bit)

rspi.inf (in WINDOWS/INF,
for example)

rspipci.sys (in WINDOWS/System32/
Drivers, for example)* The INF directory may be hidden.

Table 1. PCI Driver Files and Locations

Installing the USB 2.0 Card Driver
Administrator privileges are required under Windows XP, Vista (32-bit), andWindows 7 (32-bit) to install software and hardware.
Before installing the Princeton Instruments USB2 Interface, install WinView. Then,
we recommend that you defragment the host computer's hard disk. This operation
reduces the time the computer spends locating files. Typically, the "defrag" utility "Disk
Defragmenter" can be accessed from the Windows® Start menu and can usually accessedfrom the Programs/Accessories/System Tools subdirectory.
After defragmenting the hard disk, turn off the computer and make the USB cableconnections between the host computer and the ST-133. Then, turn the ST-133 on before
turning on the host computer.
At bootup, Windows will detect the Princeton Instruments USB2 Interface hardware(i.e., the USB 2.0 Interface Control module). You may be prompted to enter the directorypath(s) for the apausbprop.dll and/or the apausb.sys file(s), either by keyboard entry or
by using the browse function. When WinView was installed, the required INF, DLL, andUSB driver files were automatically put in the "Windows" directories shown in Table 2.

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Windows
VersionUSB INF Filename
Located in"Windows"/INF
directory*

USB Properties DLL
Located in "Windows"/
System32 directory

USB Device Driver Name
Located in "Windows"/
System32/Drivers
directory

Windows XP,
Vista (32-bit)

rsusb2k.inf (inWINDOWS/INF, forexample)apausbprop.dll (inWINDOWS/System32,
for example)

apausb.sys (inWINDOWS/System32/
Drivers, for example)* The INF directory may be hidden.

Table 2. USB Driver Files and Locations

WinView Version 2.5.25 and later
The PVCAM.INI file required by a PVCAM-supported camera (i.e., Princeton
Instruments camera with USB 2.0 interface, a PhotonMAX, a Photometrics camera, or an
Acton InSpectrum) will automatically be created when the Camera Detection Wizard
runs. One of the things this file contains is the default name for the camera (typically"Camera1") that is displayed on the Hardware Setup|Controller/Camera tab. Because
this name is not particularly descriptive, you may want to change it by editing the
PVCAM.INI file: editing instructions are provided in "Camera1 (or similar name) on
Hardware Setup dialog", on page 201.

Installing the FireWire Card Driver
Administrator privileges are required under Windows XP, Vista (32-bit), andWindows 7 (32-bit) to install software and hardware.
Quad-RO camera systems use FireWire (IEEE1394a) to communicate between thecamera and the host computer.
1. Check the connectors at the front or back of your computer for an existing
FireWire (IEEE1394a) port that matches the 1394a port on your camera.
2. If your PC does not have a functioning FireWire (1394a) port, you must install a
FireWire (IEEE 1394a) interface card. Refer to the interface card and computer
manufacturer's documentation for instructions.

Installing the GigE Ethernet Card Driver
Administrator privileges are required under Windows XP, Vista (32-bit), andWindows 7 (32-bit) to install software and hardware.
PI-MAX®3, PIoNIR®, ProEM™, and PyLoN® camera systems use the GigE Ethernet tocommunicate between the camera and the host computer. For best performance,
Princeton Instruments recommends the Intel Pro/1000 GigE card.
1. Before installing WinView, install the interface card into the host computer.
When WinView is installed, it will replace the driver supplied with the card witha high performance driver.
2. After you have finished installing WinView, make the cable connections between thecamera and computer, power on the camera, and then start up WinView.

Chapter 1

Installing and Starting WinView/32

25

Installing WinView/32
CautionBecause WinSpec/32 and WinView/32 contain files with the same name but different
content, do not install WinSpec/32 and WinView/32 software in the same directory.
Before installing WinView/32:


Verify that your computer meets the requirements listed on pages 19-21.



Check to see if the interface card has been installed. Note that the interface card
is not necessary if the computer will only be used for post-processing data. If you
plan to collect data and the card is not installed in your computer, you will needto install it and add the hardware after WinView/32 is installed.



If installing under Windows XP, Vista (32-bit), Windows 7 (32-bit), make surethat you are logged on as administrator of the computer. Otherwise, theinstallation will fail because changes cannot be made to the Windows Registry.



Check to see if WinSpec/32 has been installed on your system.



Determine how you will be installing the software. WinView/32 is provided on a CD
shipped with the system or it can be installed from the Princeton Instruments FTP site.

During the installation process, you will be given the choice of Typical, Complete, orCustom installation.
Typical: The most common application features will be installed. This choice isrecommended for most users. If you find out later that you need features that were
not installed, you can load the CD, enter the password, and install them via the
Application Maintenance dialog. See Appendix D, page 195, for more
information.
Complete: All application features will be installed. This choice is recommended
for best performance.
Custom: Allows you to choose which features to install and where they will be installed.
This choice is recommended for advanced users.

26

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Version 2.6.A

Installing from the CD
1. Exit any software currently running. This will speed the installation of WinView/32.
2. Insert the WinView/32 CD into your CD drive. Windows will detect the CD and theinstallation will begin automatically.
Note: If the auto-start feature has been disabled on your computer, click the desktop
Start button, select Run, key x:\Setup (where "x" is the letter designating your CD
drive) and press the Enter key on your keyboard. The install sequence will begin.

CautionIf your CD drive does not support the Windows long filenames, attempting the
installation causes the filenames to be truncated and the installation fails, generating
an error message like:An error occurred during the move data process: -113
Component: Application\WinXSystem
File Group: WinXSystem
If this should happen, see Appendix C for workarounds.
3. Click on the program that you want to install. If you have clicked on "Install WinSpec/32
or WinView/32" you will be given additional choices on the next dialog.
4. After selecting the program, follow the instructions provided on the dialogs andcontinue with the installation process. You can abort the installation at any time byclicking on Cancel and following the instructions.

Installing from the FTP Site
If you are not sure how to access the FTP site, contact Princeton Instruments'
Customer Support Department for assistance. Contact information follows.
Princeton Instruments
3660 Quakerbridge Road
Trenton, NJ 08619 (USA)
Tel: 800-874-9789/609-587-9797
Fax: 609-587-1970
Customer Support E-mail: techsupport@princetoninstruments.com
For customer support and service outside the United States, see our web page atwww.princetoninstruments.com. An up-to-date list of addresses, telephone numbers,
and e-mail addresses of Roper Scientific's overseas offices and representatives ismaintained on the web page.
1. Log onto the FTP site and go to the Software/Official/Current directory.
2. Execute the program WinView.exe and follow the instructions on your screen. You canabort the installation at any time by clicking on Cancel and following the instructions.

Chapter 1

Installing and Starting WinView/32

27

Custom Installation Choices
Help File: Loads the WinView Help System files (*.chm), both general andcontext-sensitive Help.
Documentation: WinView manualSample Data: Creates a directory Data containing sample *.SPE files. This
directory is located beneath the one containing the WinView/32 files.
Diagnostic Programs: Loads diagnostics programs for specific cameras.
Pulser Support: Loads the pulser drivers, if required. Currently supported pulsers
include the SuperSYNCHRO, PTG, PG200, and the DG535 Timing Generator(drives the PI-MAX pulsing circuits).
Snap-Ins: Loads the selected Snap-In files. When a Snap-In is installed, its button
will be added to the Snap-In toolbar.
PI Screen Saver: Loads the PI Screen Saver.
Visual Basic Interface: Allows DLLs programmed using Visual Basic 5 or higher
to be executed from WinView/32. Documentation is provided in the WinX32
Automation 3.X for Visual Basic manual.
Options: Allows you to install or uninstall WinView/32 options such as Macro
Record, Custom Timing, and Custom Chip. Some options may require a password.

Changing Installed Components, Repairing, orUninstalling/Reinstalling WinView/32
Refer to Appendix D.

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Version 2.6.A

Starting WinView/32
Before starting WinView/32, follow the hardware interconnection and power up
instructions in the hardware manuals supplied with your system. Then, click on the Start
button, select All Programs, and start WinView/32 by clicking on WinView in the
Princeton Instruments folder (see Figure 1).
Note: You can start WinView/32 even if you have not installed the interface card or if you
have not turned on the controller. If there is no interface card, WinView/32 will run in"Demo" mode. This mode allows you to look at and post-process previously stored data (suchas the sample data installed with the software) and to become familiar with experiment setup
and data acquisition. Some features will not be available because the program looks for
information from the controller and camera while WinView/32 is loading and initializing.

Figure 1. Opening WinView/32 via the Windows Start button

While the software is booting, a splash screen such as the one shown in Figure 2 isdisplayed until the software has finished loading and initializing. Then, the Main Menu
appears as shown in Figure 3. From there, you can access the program’s functions throughmenu selection.
Note: If this is the first time you have installed and launched WinView/32, the Camera
Detection Wizard will pop up. This wizard allows you to specify the camera system andload the default hardware settings before you can access the menu. See Chapter 2,
page 33, for more information about the Camera Detection Wizard.

Chapter 1

Installing and Starting WinView/32

Figure 2. Splash screen

Figure 3. Main WinView/32 window

29

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WinView/32 Manual

Version 2.6.A

Values, labels, and alphanumeric data are usually entered from the keyboard. Selections andscreen control operations are usually done using a mouse or other graphical I/O device,although keyboard selection shortcuts are provided. Mouse selection is typically done bypositioning the mouse cursor on the selection item and clicking the left mouse button. In somecase, clicking the right mouse button will bring up a dialog with additional information or a
special menu that allows additional operations to be performed.

Chapter 2
Basic Hardware Setup
Introduction
This chapter provides an overview of the relationships
between the camera, the controller, and the host computer.
This overview is followed by a discussion of the Setup
Wizard that runs the first time you select Hardware fromthe Setup menu (Figure 4). The remainder of the chapter
presents the Hardware Setup tabs so you will be able to
make the appropriate selections and entries for yoursystem.
The chapters that follow describe how to configure apulser, set up experiment parameters, and control arraytemperature. Initial data acquisition is discussed in
Chapter 3.
Advanced functions such as Post-Processing, Custom Chip,
and Custom Timing are discussed in Part 2 of this manual.

Figure 4. Setup menu

Basic Hardware Overview
The basic components of a
Princeton Instruments
system are: a camera (ordetector), a controller(external or internal),
interconnecting cables, acomputer interface card, andthe application software (inthis case WinView/32). Notethat other components suchas a computer, coolant
circulator, and pulser canalso be ordered.
The interface card, installedin the host computer, permits
communication between thehost computer and thecontroller (in some cases an external controller such as an ST-133).
The controller accepts input from the host computer and WinView/32 and converts it to
the appropriate control signals for the camera. These signals allow you to specify thereadout rate, binning parameters, regions of interest, gain, and array temperature. Afterdata is acquired in the camera, it is transmitted to the controller where it is processed,
31

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Version 2.6.A

transmitted to the host computer, displayed in the WinView/32 window, and can be
stored to disk.
Figure 5 illustrates possible system configurations (pulsers are not shown). Figure 6
shows the interconnections for an air-cooled Princeton Instruments camera with aninternal controller. Figure 7 and Figure 8 show the interconnections for a Princeton
Instruments system with an external controller, as well as interconnections to an optional
coolant circulator, and an optional shutter.

Figure 5. Possible System Configurations

Figure 6. Air-Cooled System (with Internal Controller) DiagramChapter 2

Basic Hardware Setup

33

Figure 7. Liquid- or Air-Cooled System (with External Controller) Diagram

Figure 8. Cryo-Cooled System (with External Controller) Diagram

Entering the Default Camera System Parameters into WinView
Camera Detection Wizard
The Camera Detection Wizard is used to load the WinView hardware setup parameterfields with default values for a WinView-compatible camera system. The Camera
Detection Wizard runs automatically the first time you install WinView and can belaunched at a later date if you decide to control a different WinView-compatible camera.
The autodetection function can be used for Gigabit Ethernet-base camera systems(PI-MAX3, PIoNIR, ProEM, and PyLoN), FireWire-based camera systems (Quad-RO),
PVCAM-based camera systems (USB 1 interface, USB 2 interface, Photometrics PCI,
Acton InSpectrum, and PhotonMAX) and Princeton Instruments PCI (TAXI) interfacebased systems.
To Use the Autodetection Function:
1. Make sure the camera system is connected to the host computer and that it is turnedon.
2. Run WinView. The Camera Detection Wizard will automatically run if this is thefirst time you have installed a Princeton Instruments WinX application (WinView/32,
WinSpec/32, or WinXTest/32) and a supported camera. Otherwise, if you installing a
new camera type, click on the Launch Camera Detection Wizard… button on theController/CCD tab to start the wizard.

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3. On the Welcome dialog (Figure 9), leave the check box unselected and click on
Next.

Figure 9. Camera Detection Wizard - Welcome dialog

4. Select the system that you want to install.


If there are two camera systems connected to the host computer and turned on,
the wizard table should contain two listings.



If there are no systems listed, click on Back, check the cable connections and/or
turn on the camera system, and then click on Next.

Figure 10. Camera Detection Wizard - Detected Hardware dialog



If there are still no systems listed and the camera uses the GigE interface, click on
Cancel and contact your Information Technology specialist. UDP ports 2020020202 (often closed by computer security functions such as an anti-virus
program or a firewall) must be open for WinX to detect a Princeton
Instruments camera using GigE.

5. Follow the instructions on the dialogs to perform the initial hardware setup: thiswizard enters default parameters on the Hardware Setup dialog tabs and gives you an
opportunity to acquire a test image to confirm the system is working.

Chapter 2

Basic Hardware Setup

35

To Use the Manual Function:
Note: This function can only be used to install Princeton Instruments PCI (TAXI)interface-based systems (both Princeton Instruments PCI (TAXI) and PVCAM-supported
systems can be installed by using the autodetection function previously described.). The
manual function is very similar to the Hardware Detection Wizard, but you are not given
the opportunity to install a PVCAM-based camera. In addition, unless you want to acquire
the optional test image, this function does not require that the system be turned on.
1. Run WinView. The Camera Detection Wizard will automatically run if this is thefirst time you have installed a Princeton Instruments WinX application (WinView/32,
WinSpec/32, or WinXTest/32) and a supported camera. Otherwise, if you installing a
new camera type, click on the Launch Camera Detection Wizard… button on theController/CCD tab to start the wizard.
2. On the Welcome dialog (Figure 11), select the check box and click on Next.

Figure 11. Camera Detection Wizard - Welcome (Manual selected) dialog

3. In most cases you will not be getting a New System Configuration Disk withyour system. Therefore, the default selection is "NO". If you do have such a disk, you
would select "YES" and follow the directions for loading the information from that
disk. Click on NEXT and follow the directions on the subsequent dialogs forselecting the interface, controller, and detector/camera.

Figure 12. Camera Detection Wizard - Optional Configuration Disk dialog

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4. When you have finished with these selections, you will see the Test Image
dialog (Figure 13). The default selection is No. If you select Yes, you must
make sure that the system is connected to the host computer and that the camera
system is turned ON before you click on the Next button.

Figure 13. Camera Detection Wizard - Test Image dialog

5. Depending on your radio button selection, the following will happen


No: Clicking on the Next button will load the camera/controller default
parameters into WinView and pop up the Finished dialog.

Yes: Assuming that the camera system is connected to the host computer
and turned on, clicking on the Next button will acquire a single frame of data
(using a 100 msec exposure time), load the camera/controller default parameters
into WinView, and pop up the Finished dialog.

6. Click on Finish to complete the camera installation.

Figure 14. Camera Detection Wizard - Finished dialog

Chapter 2

Basic Hardware Setup

37

Entering Controller and Detector Characteristics
The Hardware Setup|ontroller/Detector tab (may also be named Controller/Cameraor Controller/CCD depending on the hardware selections) is used to enter and update
Controller Type, Detector (Camera or CCD, depending on the system) Type and some of
the Controller/ Detector type parameters, such as Shutter Type and Readout Mode. The
Controller and Detector Type selections are perhaps the most fundamental and importantof all hardware selection decisions and directly influence the appearance of many other
WinView/32 screens and the selections provided on them. As a result, setting up thesoftware for use in any system should always begin with the Controller selection.

Figure 15. Controller/Camera tab

Figure 15 shows all of the fields and check boxes that exist on the Controller/Detector
tab. WinView/32 will display and hide features based on the controller, camera, andreadout mode selected. All of the features are described in the text that follows.
Controller Type: The currently selected Controller Type is displayed in this field. If youchange the controller that is being used in the system, choose the correct controller namefrom the selection list (displayed by clicking on the button at the end of the field).
Appendix A provides a cross-reference table for systems, controllers, and arrays.

Note: After you have selected the Controller Type, you can load the default
settings for your controller, camera, and array by clicking on Load Defaults From
Controller, if this button is present.
Controller Version: In the case of the ST-133 and PentaMAX controllers, different
versions have been released having different capabilities. The available software
selections will correctly reflect these differences when the proper version number is
specified in this box.
Camera Type: The selected Camera (Detector/CCD) Type is displayed in this field.
Clicking on the button at the end of the box drops the selection list so that the
selected type can be changed if necessary. Note that the listed camera types dependon the controller selection, requiring that the controller type be specified first.

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Shutter Type: There are six selections.
None: If the camera has no shutter (frame-transfer or interline CCD array) and is
not an Intensified camera, select None.
Small: A small shutter is one that is typically 25 mm or smaller in diameter. Thissetting represents a shutter compensation time of approximately 8 msec.
Large: A large shutter is one that is typically 35 mm and larger. In the case of acamera having a very large array, such as the Kodak 2k × 2k, a large shutter may
have been installed. This setting represents a shutter compensation time of
approximately 28 msec.
Remote: Remote is primarily intended for spectroscopy applications where an
external shutter would be placed ahead of the entrance slit.
Electronic: Electronic only applies to operation with an intensified camera, which
would normally not be equipped with a mechanical shutter. This selection would
apply to both the Gate and Shutter/CW modes of the IIC-100, IIC-200, IIC-300,
MCP-100, and PI-MAX.
Custom: This shutter type is automatically selected if you are using a PVCAMsupported camera. When Custom is the shutter type, you will be able to enter
the shutter close compensation time in the field below the shutter type. Shutter
close compensation time delays readout to allow time for the shutter to fully
close. The close value will vary depending on the camera and the shutter used.

Phosphor Decay Time: Used by the PI-MAX3 when running in single trigger DIF
mode to delay the shift behind mask for the first image.
Shutter Open Compensation Time: Delays the exposure until the shutter is fully
open. The open delay value will vary depending on the camera and the shutter used.
Readout Mode: The readout mode is determined by the characteristics of the array andthe controller. The possible choices are:Full Frame: The entire chip can be read out.
Frame Transfer: Only the unmasked area of the chip can be read out. Frame transfer isonly available if the camera has a frame-transfer chip such as the EEV 512 × 1024.
Interline: Provides 100% duty cycle operation. Interline is only available with acamera having an interline chip such as the PI 1300 × 1030.
Kinetics: Kinetics is a special type of operation in which most of the CCD ismechanically or optically masked, leaving a small section open to light. Thissection is then read out very quickly. See the System or Controller manual for
more details on the CCD aspects of this readout mode.

DIF or Dual Image Feature: (MicroMAX, PI-MAX2, and PI-MAX3 Interline
only) Dual Image Feature (DIF) is a special feature that allows images to betaken in pairs with very short exposure times (as small as 1 µs). For MicroMAX
this feature is only available for factory modified MicroMAX controller/Interline
camera systems. The three MicroMAX DIF timing modes are IEC (Internal
Exposure Control), EEC (External Exposure Control) and ESABI (Electronic
Shutter Active Between Images). These modes are in addition to Free Run mode.
The two DIF timing modes for PI-MAX2 and PI-MAX3 are Single Trigger andDual Trigger.

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39

Vertical Shift Time: This information appears for the Frame Transfer and Kinetics
modes. Reports the speed (in microseconds) at which a single row will be shiftedvertically. This information is based on the value in the Vertical Shift box. The
higher the value in that box, the longer the vertical shift time.

Note: If you are using a PVCAM-supported camera, the Vertical Shift rate isexpressed in nsec/row. Use the up/down arrows to change the Vertical Shift rate.
Vertical Shift: Determines the speed of the image transfer from the exposed area of aframe-transfer chip to the masked area. Also sets the speed of image transfer when
operating in the Kinetics mode. Setting a lower value increases the shift speed. A
higher value gives a slower shift. If the shift is too fast, not all of the charge will betransferred. If too slow, image smearing will be increased due to the exposure thattakes place while the transfer is in progress. The default value gives good results inmost measurements.

Note: If you are using a PVCAM-supported camera, this parameter is hidden
because the shift time is being adjusted via the Vertical Shift (nsec/row) up/downarrows.
Window Size: Determines the height of the window for Kinetics mode. The window
size must be at least 1 row and less than or equal to the maximum number of rows
for the array.
MPP: This check box may appear if the array is designed for MPP (multi-pinned-phase)
operation. When this box is checked, the array will be run in MPP mode. Some
MPP-capable arrays can also be run in Non-MPP mode (MPP box is unchecked).
Running in Non-MPP mode may result in higher dark current in addition to larger
full well capacity.

Note: MPP capability reduces the rate of dark-current generation by a factor of 20
or more, and thus relaxes array cooling requirements to the level where athermoelectric cooler is sufficient for most applications.
LOGIC OUT Output: The choices for the signal provided at the controller's
Output connector vary based on the selected Controller. If the LOGIC OUT field
does not appear on the tab, the choice of output may be done via an internal jumper(for information on how to set the jumper, contact factory Tech Support.).
Depending on your system, the following choices may appear in the drop down list:
Cleaning: This signal is high when an array Clean cycle is in progress andotherwise low.
Logic 0: Establishes a TTL logic 0 at the Logic Out connector.
Logic 1: Establishes a TTL logic 1 at the Logic Out connector.

Note: LOGIC 0 and LOGIC 1 can be used to control an external device using
the application software.
Not FT Image Shift: This signal is low when a frame-transfer shift is in progressand otherwise high.

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Not Ready: After a Start Acquisition command, this output changes state oncompletion of the array cleaning cycles that precede the first exposure. Initially high,it goes low to mark the beginning of the first exposure. In free run operation itremains low until the system is halted. If a specific number of frames have been
programmed, it remains low until all have been taken, then returns high.
Not Scan: Reports when the controller is finished reading out the array. NOT
SCAN is high when the CCD array is not being scanned, then drops low when
readout begins, returning to high when the process is finished.
Shutter: This signal is low when the shutter is closed and goes high when the
shutter is activated, dropping low again after the shutter closes. In Gated operation,
SHUTTER is the correct choice and the signal should be applied to the inhibit inputof the pulser to prevent pulsing during readout.
Shutter Comp Time Pre: Delays the acquisition until the shutter (if present) is fully
open. The setting range is 0 to 30 msec. For single-strip spectroscopic measurements,
a setting of "0" is recommended.
RS170 Type: Selections are NTSC (US video standard) and PAL (European).
Show Custom Chip: Advanced feature. See Custom Chip discussion on page 163.
Show Custom Timing: Advanced feature. See Custom Timing discussion on page 164.
Anti-Blooming: (THM 1024x1024FT CCD array) Checking this box activates thisarray's anti-blooming feature.
Load Defaults From Controller: Pops up the Load Factory Defaults From NVRAM
dialog so you can repopulate the fields and selections with the values stored in thecontroller's non-volatile RAM.
Launch Camera Detection Wizard: Pops up the Camera Detection Wizard Welcome dialog so you can set up a new camera system or switch the active camera
system to another camera system already connected to the host computer.

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Entering the Data Orientation

Figure 16. Display tab; left graphic applies to all controllers except ST-121; right graphic
applies to ST-121 only

With the exception of the ST-121, the Display tab is the same for all controllers. Three
display options, Rotate, Reverse and Flip, are provided. This feature allows you tocompensate for CCD array or camera orientation. Before and after thumbnail
illustrations show the effect of each selection. If no option is selected, the thumbnails
will be the same. Any orientation can be achieved with the proper combination of
Rotate, Reverse, and Flip. In the case of the ST-121, only Reverse is provided.
Rotate: Rotates the image 90° counterclockwise.
Reverse: Reverses the image horizontally.
Flip: Flips the image vertically.

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Entering the Interface Communication Parameters
The Interface tab allows you to specify theinterface card installed in your computer andto enter the I/O addresses (if required). Thisfunctionality is particularly useful if you havemultiple PCI cards installed in the hostcomputer. Figure 17 shows all of the fields
and check boxes that exist on the Interface
tab. WinView/32 will display and hidefeatures based on the interface card installedin the host computer. All of the features aredescribed in the text that follows.
Type: Select the communications type thatwill be used to transmit data from thecontroller to the computer. All
communications types are notavailable for all controllers andcomputers. The "Demo" selection,
Figure 17. Interface tab
which allows the software to be
exercised but which does not support data transfer to the computer, would not
ordinarily be used in the field.
High Speed PCI: Select if a Princeton Instruments (RSPI) high speed PCI cardis installed in your computer and you want data transfer to be interrupt
driven. This choice would give the highest performance in most situations.
PCI Timer: Allows data transfer to be controlled by a polling timer if a
Princeton Instruments (RSPI) high speed PCI card installed. Useful fortroubleshooting possible interrupt problems (computer crashes or systemfails to return data). Note that data transfer is slower in PCI Timer modeand data overrun more likely. Also PCI Timer cannot be used tocontinuously acquire small Regions of Interest in Safe Mode timing
operation. PCI Timer is not compatible with Use Interrupts operation, atiming mode available when using the ST-138 Controller.
Demo: Allows the software to be exercised without being connected to acontroller. This mode is used primarily for demonstration purposes or
post-processing of acquired data and cannot be used in an actual
measurement.
Interrupt Level: The interrupt level for a PCI card is reported but cannot be changed.
Card Number: This field only appears if more than one PCI card has been detected inyour computer. This field allows you to set up the communications parameters soeach card is uniquely addressed.
I/O Address: The I/O Address for a PCI card is reported but cannot be changed.
I/O Address 2 and 3: (High Speed PCI only) These addresses are reported but cannot
be changed; address selection is automatic and under computer control. Withother interfaces, these addresses are not displayed.

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Entering the Cleans/Skips Characteristics
Caution For most applications, the default settings
will give the best results. We advise
contacting the factory for guidance beforechanging these parameters from theirdefault values. Exception: With a
PI-MAX camera, we suggest settings ofCleans 1 and Strips per Clean 4, Minimum
Block Size 16 and Number of Blocks 32.
The Cleans/Skips tab allows you to change
the clean and skip parameters from theirdefault values or to reload the default values.
Figure 18 shows all of the fields and checkboxes that exist on the Cleans/Skips tab.
WinView/32 will display and hide features
based on the controller version. All of thefeatures shown are described in the text that
follows. Refer to Chapter 7, "Cleaning" foradditional information.

Figure 18. Cleans/Skips tab

Load Default Values: Reloads the factory defaults from the NVRAM.

CleansCleans are applied to the entire CCD array and remove charge that has accumulated on
the array while waiting for data acquisition to begin. The charge on the CCD chip istransferred to the shift register and discarded to prevent charge buildup from occurring.
On completion of a setup, successive clean cycles occur normally. The Number ofCleans and Number of Strips per Clean parameters allow you to program additional
clean cycles that will be performed after initiating the run but before any data are taken.
Number of Cleans: For most applications the default value should be used.
Clicking on the Load Default Values button and then selecting Yes will installthe default value. Values other than the default can be directly entered in thefield or selected via the spin buttons.
Number of Strips per Clean: Sets the number of CCD data strips to be transferredand discarded during each clean. The maximum valid setting is limited by thechip size. The default value will generally give good results.
Clean Mode: (Photometrics cameras) Sets when and how charge will be cleared fromthe array while the camera is waiting to acquire data. Clearing removes charge
from the CCD by clocking the charge to the serial register then directly to ground.
This process is much faster than a readout, because the charge does not go throughthe readout node or the amplifier. Note that not all clearing modes are available forall cameras. Be sure to check availability of a mode before attempting to set it.
Clear Never: Never clear the CCD. Useful for performing a readout after an
exposure has been aborted.

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Clear Pre-Exposure: Before each exposure, clears the CCD the number oftimes specified by the Number of Cleans entry. This mode can be used in asequence. It is most useful when there is a considerable amount of time
between exposures.
Clear Pre-Sequence: Before each sequence, clears the CCD the number oftimes specified by the Number of Cleans entry. If no sequence is set up, thismode behaves as if the sequence has one exposure. The result is the same asusing Clear Pre-Exposure.
Clear Post-Sequence: Clears continuously after the sequence ends. The
camera continues clearing until a new exposure is set up or started, the abortcommand is sent, the speed entry number is changed, or the camera is reset.
Clear Pre/Post-Sequence: Clears Number of Cleans times before eachsequence and clears continuously after the sequence ends. The cameracontinues clearing until a new exposure is set up or started, the abortcommand is sent, the speed entry number is changed, or the camera is reset.
Clear Pre-Exposure Post-Sequence: Clears Number of Cleans times before
each exposure and clears continuously after the sequence ends. The cameracontinues clearing until a new exposure is set up or started, the abortcommand is sent, the speed entry number is changed, or the camera is reset.
Use Continuous Cleans Instruction: This feature is supported by Version 5 (andhigher) ST-133 controllers and will only appear if the detector/camera also
supports this feature. Continuous cleans instruction does horizontal shifts while
doing vertical shifts for a faster continuous clean. Check this box if you want toapply the continuous cleans instruction to the continuous cleans function
available when External Sync timing mode (Experiment Setup|Timing tab) is
being used to acquire data. With this instruction, the delay between an External
Sync trigger and the start of exposure is minimized. Refer to Chapter 7,"Cleaning" for more information about continuous cleans and continuous cleans
instruction.

Note: Older versions of the ST-133 controllers, as well as other controller types andcameras, do not support this instruction.

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Vertical Skips
Vertical skips are associated with regions of interest (ROIs) that are smaller than the fullchip. This feature allows you to bin and quickly traverse the rows that precede andfollow the ROI. The rows to be processed and discarded are binned into blocks, eachcontaining a number of rows, with the Number of Blocks parameter determining how
many blocks there will be before and after the ROI.

Figure 19. Vertical Skips

The block size determines how quickly the region preceding and following the ROI willbe traversed. If the blocks are large, the region will be traversed quickly but there is thepossibility of overloading the shift register and causing blooming. With small blocks, therisk of blooming will be minimized but the time to traverse will be large. WinView/32
uses an exponential algorithm to simultaneously achieve rapid traversing with minimalrisk of blooming. The first block, specified in rows, is as large as possible. Eachsuccessive block is a factor of two smaller than the one preceding until the minimum
block size is reached. All remaining blocks are the minimum block size. By making thefirst block as large as possible and subsequent blocks increasingly smaller, the region
preceding and following the region of interest is traversed as rapidly as possible while
minimizing risk of the shift register saturation.
Minimum Block Size: Sets the size, in rows, of the skip blocks that immediately
precede the data. The default value will generally give good results.
Number of Blocks: Sets the number of binned "skip" blocks preceding andfollowing the region of interest. The default value will generally give goodresults.

Note: The 2-D OMA array does not support vertical skips; and all of the rows on thearray are read out and converted before the non-ROI information is discarded. The
default Vertical Skips settings of Minimum Block Size: 2 and Number of Blocks: 5,
while appearing to work, will result in invalid data. Instead, you must change thesesettings to 1 and 256, respectively, for the 2-D OMA array.

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Chapter 3
Initial Data Collection
Introduction
The procedure in this chapter will enable you to begin collecting real image data
promptly. Minimum requirements are assumed. If your system is more complex, e.g.,requiring consideration of complex timing and synchronization issues, you will have tocarefully study the other chapters of this manual as well as the manuals provided for thesystem hardware components before data acquisition that addresses those needs will bepossible. Nevertheless, it is a good idea to begin with the simplest possible operating
mode. This approach will give you operating experience and familiarity that will provevery valuable when you go to make more complex measurements. For additional
information about the various menus and dialogs, refer to the online Help topics.
Underlying assumptions for the following procedure are that the hardware has been
installed per the instructions in the hardware manual(s) and that the hardware setup as
discussed in Chapter 2 has been completed. A further assumption is that a good imaging
subject is available. Often, a picture or optical target mounted on a wall or lab bench will
give good results. If initial data collection is to be done using a microscope, be sure toread the chapter on microscopy in your system manual before attempting data collection.
There are two data collection modes, Focus and Acquire:

In Focus mode operation, no frames of data are stored: however, when Stop is
selected, the File Save function can be used to save the displayed data. Thismode is particularly convenient for familiarization and setting up. For ease infocusing, the screen refresh rate should be as rapid as possible, achieved byoperating with axes and cross-sections off, and with Zoom 1:1 selected.

In Acquire mode, every frame of data collected is stored. This mode would
ordinarily be selected during actual data collection. One limitation of Acquiremode operation is that if data acquisition continues at too fast a rate for it to be
stored, data overflow will eventually occur. This could only happen in Fast
Mode operation.

The data collection procedures in this chapter are done in the Focus mode.

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WARNINGS! 1. If using a PI-MAX or PI-MAX2 intensified camera, initial data collection will be done in
the Shutter mode (Gate mode for PI-MAX3). In both cases (Shutter and Gate mode),the camera can be damaged if exposed to light overload. Before powering the controller
and camera, reduce the room light to reduce the risk of damage. Note that intensifiers are
particularly at risk in pulsed laser operation, where overload spot damage can occur
without raising the average current to where the overload detection circuits will be
activated. It is far better to be careful than sorry. Before proceeding, take the time tocarefully read the manual for your intensified camera.
2. Also, take particular care that your intensified camera is connected properly for shutter orgate mode operation. Cabling and peripheral considerations for intensified cameras are
more complex than for unintensified cameras. Again, read your manual.

Temperature Control
Before continuing, the array temperature should be set to some easily achieved value inthe operating range and Temperature lock should be established. The way this is done
depends on the controller.
Temperature Control for a System using an ST-133 Controller or for a PVCAM-based
System
1. Open the WinView/32 Setup menu and clickon Detector Temperature. This will cause
the Temperature dialog to appear as shown in
Figure 20.
2. Set the Target Temperature to the desired
value (the default temperature is suggested for
initial data acquisition).
3. Click on the Set Temp. button. When the
Figure 20. Temperature dialog
Current Temperature: Unlocked message
changes to Current Temperature: Locked, temperature lock will have been
established.
Notes:
1. The ST-133 additionally has a Temp Lock LED on the Analog/Control module(at the rear of the controller) that visually indicates when temperature lockoccurs.
2. If you are using the USB 2.0 interface or are have a PVCAM-based system, theDetector Temperature dialog will not display current temperature information
while you are acquiring data.
Temperature Control for Other Systems
ST-121, ST-130 or ST-138 Controller: Change the dial setting on the front panel of
the Controller.
PentaMAX: Set the temperature on the front panel of the Temperature/Power Supply
unit.
MicroView: Not user-settable. Temperature is solely under software control.

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Cleans and Skips
With some controllers, specifically the PentaMAX, ST-130, ST-133, ST-138, and internal
controllers, there is a Cleans/Skips tab in the Hardware Setup dialog. Cleans are used
to reduce charge buildup on the CCD array while waiting to begin data acquisition. Skips
are used when the Region of Interest (ROI) is smaller than the full chip; they allow
binning and quick traversing of the rows that precede and follow the ROI. For theprocedures that follow, load the default values for these parameters by bringing the
Cleans/Skips tab to the front, and then clicking on Load Defaults followed by Yes.
Exception: With a PI-MAX camera, Cleans should be set to 1 and Strips per Clean to 4.

Experiment Setup Procedure (All Controllers and Unintensified
Cameras)
1. Open the Experiment Setup dialog(Figure 21) from the Acquisition menu
or by clicking on the
button on the
Custom Toolbar .
2. On the Main tab, set the following
parameters.
Exposure time: 0.1 seconds.
Number of Images: 1
Use Full Chip: selected
Accumulations: 1
Amplifier (if available): High Capacity. If
this is a reported-only parameter, set itby selecting FAST on the ADC tab.
Avalanche Gain (Cameras withelectron-multiplying CCDs): Set to
0 initially and disabled. Enable andincrease the gain for low-light level
images.
Figure 21. Experiment Setup: Main tab

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3. On the Timing tab (Figure 22) set the following parameters.
Note: Not all of these parameters are provided for every controller model. Ignore
parameters that do not apply to your system.
Timing Mode: Free Run
Triggered Mode: Not checked
Continuous Cleans: Not checked
Shutter Control: Normal.
Pre Open: Not checked.
Safe Mode: Selected
External Trigger: Not checked
Edge Trigger: + edge
Delay time: 0
Use Interrupts: (ST-138 only) Not
checkedFigure 22. Timing tab

4. On the Data Corrections tab (Figure 23) allof the correction functions should be OFF.
5. On the ADC tab (Figure 24), set theparameters as they apply to your particularsystem. Parameters that might be listed
follow:
Note: Not all of these parameters areprovided for every controller model.
Ignore parameters that do not apply to yoursystem.
Rate: ADC rate. Only those rates available
for your A/D converter will be displayed,
making it necessary to designate the A/Dtype first. Select the maximum speed
allowed by the converter. ST-130 owners
must confirm that the internal hardware
jumpers of their controller are properly
set for the desired speed. See the ST-130
manual for details.

Figure 23. Data Corrections tab

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51

Type: For systems having more than one
A/D converter, both FAST and SLOW
will be available. Make this selection
before selecting the rate or resolution.
Controller Gain (PentaMAX only): Set
to Gain 3
Resolution: Number of bits. Choices
limited by A/D type selection.
Bit Adjust (ST-138 only): Set to No ClipADC Offset (ST-133-5MHz only): Use
the default setting.
Analog Gain (ST-133): Medium
Readout Port: Normal

Figure 24. Generic ADC tab

6. No ROI Setup tab parameters need to be changed.
7. No Processes tab functions should be selected. For more information about thesefunctions, see Chapter 6, page 103.
8. On the Data File tab (Figure 25) make thefollowing selections.
Auto Increment File Name Enable:
should be OFF.
Overwrite/Append Existing Files:
Select Overwrite (data file will
overwrite an existing file having thesame name).
Overwrite Confirmation: Check this box
so that you will be warned that the
specified file name is already in use. If
not checked, the old data file will beoverwritten by the new one. No
warning is provided.
Data Type AutoSelect: Should beselected.
Auto-save and prompts: Select Don't
Figure 25. Data File dialog
auto-save or ask to save. With thisselection, you will not receive a prompt
when a file is closed as a result ofstarting a data collection. A prompt will still be issued if you close the file
explicitly and it has not been saved since being collected.
Use a New Window for each run: Leave unchecked starting a data collection.

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9. Click on the button to
the right of the Name
field. This will open abrowse box. Select thedirectory where youwant the stored file togo. In Figure 26, thefile name testfile will
be used and the file will
be stored in a directory
named Data. If the filename does not
automatically appear in
the browse box, type it
in. The file type should
be WinX Data (*.spe).

Version 2.6.A

Figure 26. File Browse dialog

10. Click on the Save button to save the entered information and return to theExperiment Setup dialog.
11. Click on OK. This will close the Experiment Setup dialog.

Experiment Setup Procedures (Intensified Cameras)
Refer to your PI-MAX or PI-MAX3 system manual for experiment setup instructions.
Cabling and peripheral considerations for intensified cameras are more complex than for
unintensified cameras.

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Data Collection Procedures (Intensified Cameras)
Refer to your camera system manual for data collection instructions.

WARNING

PI-MAX and PI-MAX2 Intensified Cameras: If working with an intensified
camera, the room light should be subdued so as to allow safe Shutter mode operation of
the camera. Intensified cameras are quite susceptible to damage from light overload in
Shutter mode operation and particularly subject to damage from light overload in Gate
mode operation with high-intensity pulsed light sources. See your PI-MAX manual for
detailed information.
PI-MAX3 Intensified Cameras: If working with an intensified camera, the room
light should be subdued so as to allow safe Gate mode operation of the camera.
Intensified cameras are particularly subject to damage from light overload in Gated
mode operation with high-intensity pulsed light sources. See your PI-MAX3 manual for
detailed information.

Data Collection Procedures (Controller-Specific)
ST-133-Controller
The procedure that follows for these controllers is in two parts, Video Focusing andData Collection. In focusing, images are displayed on the video monitor (not thecomputer monitor) and no data is collected. This allows rapid and easy adjustment of thesystem optics. Once the settings have been optimized, data collection begun can begin.

WARNING

If acquiring data with a PI-MAX, PI-MAX2, or PI-MAX3 intensified camera, make surethe ambient light levels are low. Intensified cameras are quite susceptible to damage
from light overload in Shutter mode operation and particularly subject to damage fromlight overload in Gate mode operation with high-intensity pulsed light sources. Refer toyour camera system manual for detailed information specific to experiment setup anddata acquisition for intensified cameras.

Focusing
This procedure applies for a system that includes an ST-133 Controller and a video
monitor connected to the Video port (BNC connector) on the controller. If your systemdoes not include a video monitor, go to the Data Collection - All Controllers section,
which begins on page 57.
1. Select Video from the Acquisition menu. This will allow live data to be displayedon your video monitor.

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2. Select Video Focus from the Acquisition
menu. The Interactive Camera dialog(Figure 27) will open.
3. Click on the RUN button in the Interactive
Camera dialog. The camera will begin
acquiring pictures at the fastest possible rate will
and the image will be displayed on the video
monitor. Note that the image will not be
displayed on the computer monitor while theInteractive Camera dialog is open.
4. Focus the system optics and set theInteractive Camera dialog Exposure Time,
RS170 Scaling and Offset adjustments for
Figure 27. ST-133
the best-viewed image. In addition to theInteractive Camera dialog
Exposure Time, Intensity Scaling and Offset
parameters, the Pattern parameters determine which CCD pixels will be displayed on
the video monitor. Note that, in Focus mode, the images will not appear at thecomputer but only at the video monitor. If the number of pixels on the CCD is verymuch larger than the number of video pixels, you can use the Pan function to selectany one of nine different subsets to display. The Zoom function gives additional
control. One-to-one mapping from the selected region to the screen occurs with 2×selected. You may additionally have the option of selecting Binning, in which awider view is achieved by combining adjacent pixels, or Decimation, in which pixels
are discarded according to an algorithm.
The exposure time will be the same as that set via the Experiment Setup|Main tab.
The two exposure settings track. Changing it at either location should update theother setting automatically. The Intensity Scaling, together with the Offset,
determines how the image data is mapped to the 256 gray-scale levels. Begin with
the Intensity Scaling set to "1 to 4096" (slider all the way to the right). Similarly, theOffset setting should initially be set to 2 (slider all the way to left).
5. When no further improvement in the observed image can be obtained, click on Stopin the Interactive Camera Operation dialog to halt focus-mode operation.
6. Click on Close to close the Interactive Camera Operation dialog and return to
the Experiment Setup dialog.

Data Collection
1. Click on Focus to begin collecting data. An acquisition can also be started byclicking on Focus on the Acquisition menu or by clicking on the Focus button on
the Custom Toolbar. Images will be continuously acquired and displayed on thecomputer screen and on the video monitor.
2. To store the most recent image, click Stop Acquisition on the Acquisition menu or
click on the Stop button on the Custom Toolbar. Data acquisition will halt and themost recent image will be displayed. You can now use the Save function on the Filemenu to save the data to a file having the name specified on the Data File tab.
3. If you want to initiate data acquisition, select Focus again. To store the new data to
disk, repeat Step 2.
This completes initial data acquisition with an ST-133 Controller.

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PentaMAX Controller
The procedure that follows for the PentaMAX Controller is in two parts, Focusing andData Collection. In focusing, images are displayed on the video monitor and no data iscollected. This allows rapid and easy adjustment of the system optics. Once the settings
have been optimized, focus mode operation should be ended and data collection
performed.

Focusing
This procedure applies for a PentaMAX system that includes a video monitor connected to
the Video port (BNC) of the PentaMAX. If your system does not include a video monitor, go
to the Data Collection - All Controllers section, which begins on page 57.
1. Select Video from theAcquisition menu.
This will allow live data to
be displayed on your video
monitor.
2. Select Video Focus fromthe Acquisition menu. The
Interactive Operation
dialog that will be displayed
depends on the PentaMAX
version. Version 5 andhigher will display therighthand dialog shown in
Figure 28. Earlier versions
display the lefthand dialog.

Figure 28. PentaMAX Interactive Operation dialog

3. Note the Hardware LUT field. This selection sets the scaling of the video display
only. Unless the signal is very weak, the best LUT choice will be Gamma.
4. Click on the RUN button in the Interactive Operation dialog. Data acquisition at
the fastest possible rate will commence immediately and the image will be displayedon the video monitor. Note that the image will not be displayed on the computer
monitor while the Interactive Operation dialog is open.
5. Focus the system optics and, if necessary, adjust the Exposure Time in theInteractive Camera dialog for the best-viewed image. The exposure time will be
the same as that set via the Experiment Setup|Main tab. The two exposure settings
track. Changing it at either location should update the other setting automatically.
6. When no further improvement in the observed image can be obtained, click on Stopin the Interactive Operation dialog to halt focus mode operation.
7. Click on Close to close the Interactive Operation dialog and return to theExperiment Setup dialog.

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Data Collection
1. Click on Focus to begin collecting data. Data collection can be initiated by means of
the Focus button in the Experiment Setup dialog, by selecting Focus from theAcquisition menu, or by clicking on the Focus button of the Custom Toolbar.
Images will be continuously acquired and displayed on the computer screen.
2. To store the most recent image, click Stop Acquisition on the Acquisition menu
or click on the Stop button on the Custom Toolbar. Data acquisition will halt andthe most recent image will be displayed. You can now use the Save function on theFile menu to save the data to a file having the name specified on the Data File tab.
3. If you want to initiate data acquisition, select Focus again. To store the new data to
disk, again click Stop Acquisition on the Acquisition menu or click on the Stop
button.
This completes initial data acquisition with a PentaMAX Controller.

Chapter 3

Initial Data Collection

57

Data Collection (Unintensified Cameras)
The following data collection procedure works for all controllers. However, it does not
exercise some of the special features, such as video monitor support, available on certain
controller models.
1. Click on Focus to begin collecting
data. Data collection can be initiatedby means of the Focus button in theExperiment Setup dialog, byclicking on Focus on the
Acquisition menu, or by clicking on
the Focus button of the Custom
Toolbar. Images will be continuously
acquired and displayed.
2. Observe the displayed data and adjust
the system optics for the best possible
image. It may be necessary to
readjust the Exposure Time
(Experiment Setup|Main page).
3. To store the most recent image, click
Stop Acquisition on the
Acquisition menu or click on the
Stop button on the Custom
Toolbar.

Figure 29. Typical Data Acquisition Image

4. Data acquisition will halt and the most recent image will be displayed. You can now
use the Save function on the File menu to save the data to a file having the namespecified on the Experiment Setup|Data File tab.
This completes the initial data acquisition routine, which should work with any Princeton
Instruments Controller.

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Chapter 4
Opening, Closing, and Saving Data Files
Introduction
This chapter discusses how to open, close, and save existing data files to disk. Options
for saving and deleting files will be explained. Data files created with temporary filenames should be saved to disk periodically. Files should be closed completely toconserve RAM for data collection.
Data files can be deleted directly from WinView/32, without using the File Manager or
any other file utility.
Note: WinView/32 can read data files acquired with earlier versions of WinView.
Versions of WinView prior to 1.6 cannot read WinView/32 data files. Neither canversions prior to 1.6 read data files that were collected with earlier versions and thenopened, modified and saved using WinView/32. This should be considered carefully
before modifying and saving old data files with WinView/32.

Opening Data Files
In WinView/32 files are opened
according to Win 95 conventions, as
follows.
1. Select Open from the File menu.
The File Open dialog will appear(Figure 30).
2. Open the directory containing thedata files. Clicking on the button at
the right of the Look In field opens
a browser function, allowing you toquickly and easily access the correct
folder. As shown in Figure 30, thedata files will be listed below.

Figure 30. Open dialog

3. If you want the software to control
how the data will be displayed when the file is opened, check Auto Select. Leave
Auto Select unchecked if you want to retain control over whether the data will be
displayed as an Image, Graph or 3D Graph.
Auto Select is the factory default selection.* In addition, one of the three radio
buttons, Image, Graph or 3D Graph, will be selected but grayed out if Auto Select* The open/display default selection can be changed and saved from the Display Layout

window.
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is checked. If Auto Select is unchecked, the grayed out selection will become active
and govern how the file is opened.
When Auto Select is checked, the way the data is displayed depends on thenumber of data strips it contains.
 If there are three or more strips of data, they will be displayed as a normal
image, such as that shown in Figure 36 (page 65).
 If there are only two strips of data, they will be displayed as a 3D Graph oftwo strips. See Figure 37 (page 65).
 A single strip will always be plotted as a simple X vs. Y plot.



If Image is selected, all data points will be plotted as a function of the strip andpixel number.



If 3D Graph is selected, multiple data strips will be plotted as a function of
intensity versus pixel number, the actual number of data strips plotted dependingon the 3D Layout display parameter settings. All of the strips could come fromthe same frame, or, in the case of a file containing multiple frames, the same
numbered strip could come from each frame.



If Graph is selected, the selected data strip only will be plotted as a function of
intensity versus pixel number.

4. Note the Files of Type field, which allows you to select files for listing according totheir type. If WinXData (*.spe) is selected, only files of type *.spe will be listed.
This is the native WinView/32 format. If TIFF or 8-bit TIFF File (*.tif) is selected,
only files of the type *.tif will be listed. If All Files (*.*) is selected, all files in thefolder will be listed. WinView/32 can open either *.spe files or *.tif files (8-bit or
16-bit). Select type 8-bit TIFF File to open an 8-bit TIFF file. Select type TIFF Fileto open a 16-bit TIFF file.
5. Either double-click on the name of
the file you want to open or singleclick on the name and then click on
the Open button. For example, with
Image selected, double-clicking on
Circuit.spe would open that file,producing the display shown in
Figure 31. Note that there are manydifferent ways of controlling how
the image will be displayed, as
described in Chapter 5.

Figure 31. CIRCUIT.SPE Displayed

Multiple Files: It is also possible to open multiple files at the same time by using theShift + Click and Control + Click selection features.

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61

To select a range of contiguously listed files for opening:a. Hold the Shift key down and click on the first file in the range. The file will beselected.
b. Then hold the Shift key down again and click on the last file in the range. Thatfile and all the files between the two designated files will be selected.
To select multiple files that are not listed contiguously:a. Hold down the Ctrl key and then click on the first file. That file will be selected.
b. Then hold down the Ctrl key again and click on the second file. That file will
also be selected.
c. Proceed in similar fashion to select each file to be opened.
Once all files to be opened have been selected, click on Open (or double-click on aselected file) and all of the selected files will be opened.
There are a number of additional options and operations that can be performed from theOpen dialog. For example, clicking the Display Layout button will directly open the
Display Layout dialog, described in Chapter 5. In addition, options for the organizationof the Open dialog itself can be selected by means of the icons to the right of the Look
In field, or by right-clicking the mouse anywhere in the file listing area of the box (butnot on a file name).
Right-clicking on a file name opens a Windows shortcut menu that provides a number of
additional operations, including open, delete, rename, print, properties, and edit
operations such as copy and cut.

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Saving Data Files
Data files must be saved to disk before exiting the software. It is also recommended thatyou save periodically when making measurements to minimize the overall risk of data
loss. If you exit and there are unsaved data files, you will be prompted to save them. The
File menu provides three Save commands, as follows.
Save: Saves the active data file using the original file name and type and in theoriginal directory (folder).
Save As: The Save As dialog is used to save the active data file to a user-specified
file name and directory. The file type can be changed.
Save All: Saves all open data files using the original file names and directories(folders).

Sometimes during data collection or processing, windows will be opened and display
data with an <untitled #> title. These are temporary files, and they must be saved to disk
if you want to keep them. The Save As dialog performs this function. The Save As
dialog also allows you to open a file and save it with a different name.

Saving Temporary Data Files
The WinView/32 software allows you to work with temporary files, files with names like<untitled 1>. To save these files, or to save any file to a new filename, perform thefollowing steps.
1. Select Save As from the Filemenu. The Data File Save As
dialog (Figure 32) appears.
2. Open the directory where youwant the file saved. Clicking on
the button at the right of theSave In field opens a browser
function that will allow you toquickly and easily select thetarget directory.
Figure 32. Data File Save As dialog
3. Type in a name for the file.
Windows 95 long file-nameconvention applies. It is not necessary to add the extension since it will be added
automatically according to the specified file type.

Save as type: Indicates the file type. The datatypes currently supported are listed in
Figure 33. If All Files (*.*) is selected, youwill be able to save the file with any
Figure 33. Save As Data Types
extension. The file, however, will be savedin the *.SPE file type format. Only the data
is saved. This could have some unexpected effects. For example, if you save agraph as a *.tif file, and then open the file with an image editor, you will see thedata presented as a single strip image, not as a graph.

4. Click on OK to save the file or Cancel to close the Data File Save As dialog
without saving the file.

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Opening, Closing, and Saving Data Files

63

Data File tab
The Data File tab provides you with additional
control and flexibility in naming and saving
newly collected data. Because the settings on thistab are applied to data acquisition, not postprocessing, make your entries before acquiringdata. The auto-save, auto-name, and autoincrement features allow you to acquire data andsave it according to the filename template you
define. Also, you can take advantage of themultiple open windows functionality and specify
that each new data run opens a new window on
the display window.

Figure 34. Data File tab

Closing a Data File
An open data window can be closed by clicking on thebox at the upper right of thewindow or by clicking on Close in the File menu. An open data window can be removed
from view by clicking on thebox at the upper right of the window. The file will be
reduced to an icon on the task bar but the data will remain loaded in RAM. There may besituations where you would want to do this to reduce desktop clutter. Unless you intend to
expand the file for display again, it is ordinarily better to actually close the file so that the
RAM it is using will be freed for other use. If the file has not been saved, you will beprompted.
There are several ways of closing an open data window. Each is described below:


The



The
box at the upper right of the window will also remove the data window fromview by reducing it to an icon on the task bar. There may be situations where you
would want to do this to reduce desktop clutter. However, the data will remain
loaded in RAM, reducing the memory available for data collection. Unless you
intend to expand the file for display again, it is ordinarily better to actually close thefile so that the RAM it is using will be freed for other use.
Close in the File menu closes all windows using the data set displayed in the active
data window. This may be important if New in the Window menu or in the Data
Window Context menu has been used to open additional windows with the samedata. Simply clicking on Close in the File menu will close all windows containing
the same data, regardless of how it is displayed.
Close in the Control menu, accessed by clicking on the WinView/32 icon at the left
end of the Title bar, closes WinView/32, as does double-clicking on the WinView/32
icon. Similarly, the key combination Alt+F4 also closes WinView/32.
Close All in the Window menu closes all open data files.
The key combination Ctrl+F4 closes the active window only.








box at the upper right of the data window will close that window only.

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Deleting Data Files
You can delete data files directly from within WinView/32, without having to close
WinView/32, and without having to use the Windows 95 Explorer or another file utility.
This is achieved using the File Operations menu, accessed by right-clicking on the filename in the Open dialog, as explained below.
1. Select Open from the File menu.
Only files with the selected data
type, *.spe or *.tif, will be listed.
2. Position the mouse cursor on thename of the file you want to delete
and click the right mouse button.
This will open the "right-click"
File Operations menu, as shownin Figure 35.
3. Click on Delete. Then answer yes tothe query asking whether you wish tosend the file to the recycling bin. The
file will be deleted and the File
Operations menu will close.

Figure 35. Right-click File Operations menu

Note: Click on the Open dialog Cancel button to exit the dialog without deleting any
files.
Multiple Files: It is also possible to delete multiple files at the same time by using theShift + Click and Control + Click selection features.
To select a range of contiguously listed files for deleting:
1. Hold the Shift key down and click on the first file in the range. The file will beselected.
2. Then hold the Shift key down again and click on the last file in the range. Thatfile and all the files between the two designated files will be selected.
To select multiple files which are not listed contiguously:
1. Hold down the Ctrl key and then click on the first file. That file will be selected.
2. Then hold down the Ctrl key again and click on the second file. That file will
also be selected.
3. Proceed in similar fashion to select each file to be deleted.
Once all files to be deleted have been selected, right-click on a selected file to open theFile Operations menu. Then click on Delete to delete all of the selected files.

Chapter 5
Displaying the Data
Introduction
WinView/32 can display data as an image, as a two dimensional graph, or as a 3D Graph(multiple strips from the same graph or the same strip from multiple frames). You can choose
to allow the software control how the data will be displayed or make the selection yourself.
To have WinView/32 control the data-display mode, simply select the Auto-Select checkbox provided on the File Open dialog and also on the Display Layout dialog. The Auto
Select algorithm makes the selection depending on the number of data strips as follows:

If there are more than 2 strips of data, they will be displayed as a normal image, suchas that shown in Figure 36.

Figure 36. Image Display of 256 Data Strips



If there are only two strips of data, they will be displayed as a 3D Graph of two
strips.

Figure 37. 3D Graph with Two Data Strips

A single strip will always be plotted as a simple graph.

The File Open dialog and Display Layout dialog both contain the three display-mode
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Version 2.6.Aselect radio buttons, Image, Graph and 3D Graph. If you want to control the datadisplay mode yourself, simply leave Auto Select unchecked and the display mode willcorrespond to whichever of the three radio buttons is selected.

Screen Refresh Rate
The Screen Refresh Rate is an important but often overlooked display performanceparameter. At times, such as when focusing, by making the screen refresh rate as rapid as
possible, the focusing operation may be much easier to perform than it would be with aslow refresh rate. To obtain the fastest possible refresh rate, simply operate with the axes
and cross sections both switched off (View menu) and with the Zoom factor set to 1:1.
Note that the Zoom 1:1 button on the Data Window toolbar is only present when viewing
an image. To check the refresh rate, click on the Status bar (bottom of screen)
Collection Status pane, which is immediately to the left of the Timer pane (right endof Status bar). The refresh rate will be displayed in the Collection Status pane. Do notconfuse the screen refresh rate with the data collection rate.

Data Displayed as an Image
WinView/32 can display data as an image, as a two dimensional graph, or as a 3 D
Graph (multiple strips from the same graph or the same strip from multiple frames). You
can choose to allow the software to control how the data will be displayed or make theselection yourself. To have WinView/32 control the data-display mode, simply check theAuto-Select box provided in the File Open dialog and also in the Display Layout
dialog. The Auto Select algorithm makes the selection depending on the number of data
strips as described on page 65.

Displaying CIRCUIT.SPE
The image used in this exercise is circuit.spe, one of the images supplied with your
WinView/32 software. Once you become comfortable working with this image, you
should have little difficulty in working with images from actual measurement data.
1. From the File menu, selectOpen. The Open dialog(Figure 38) will appear,
allowing you to select theimage to be opened. The
Look-In field provides abrowser function so you caneasily find the directory where
the images. By default, thedata directory will be a
subdirectory of the directory
where WinView/32 wasinstalled. Subdirectory names
and the filenames of all filesof the specified type (theFigure 38. Open dialog
WinView/32 data type is*.spe)in the current directory are listed in the box below the directory name.

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67

Note: The directory can be changed by changing the selection in the Look-In box.
The next time the Open dialog is opened, the new folder name will appear in thebox and its contents will be shown.
2. If the Auto Select check box is checked, deselect it. Then select Image.
3. From the data directory select the image
file called CIRCUIT.SPE. Click on the
OK button. A window of the appropriate
dimensions should appear immediately.
The image display (Figure 39) may take a
few seconds, depending on the speed of
the computer.

Figure 39. CIRCUIT.SPE Image

Changing the Brightness Range
1. Click on(5%-95%) (located beneath the displayed image as shown in
Figure 39). You will observe a moderate brightening of the image as it autoscales on
the central 90% of the image histogram. The brightest (pixels with high dark charge)
and the darkest pixels (pixels with low response) are ignored.
2. Click on the(Autoscale) button, restoring the image to its initial appearance.

Brightness/Contrast Control
Select Palette on the Display menu. This
will open the Brightness/Contrast
dialog (Figure 40). Note that the window
includes a plot of display brightness (Y axis)
versus data value (X axis). As settings arechanged, the displayed curve change toreflect the change in the transfer function.
(See the online Help for a detailed
discussion of the palette and transfer
function options.)
1. Change the brightness and contrast
settings to obtain the most pleasing
image display. Note that clicking on thesmall square above the Brightness scale
and above the Contrast scale will restore
the default brightness and contrast
values (50).

Figure 40. Brightness/Contrast dialog

2. Try different Function and Palette Type selections to see the effect on the displayed
image. Note that the displayed curve will also change, reflecting the change in the

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brightness transfer function. Until you gain more operating experience, we suggest
you leave the Function Type set to Linear, the Palette to Grayscale, and theBrightness and Contrast both to 50.
3. Click on OK to close the box. Any setting changes will be applied.

Selecting a Region of Interest
1. Using the mouse, position the cursor at
one corner of the region to be defined,
depress the left mouse button, drag the
cursor to the diagonally opposite
corner, and release the mouse button.
Refer to Figure 41.
2. Click on the(Zoom In) button. Theview will change so that only theselected region is displayed as shownin Figure 42.
Note: The Display Layout Cursor
tab allows you to change how the ROI
region is displayed.
3. Click on the(Undo Zoom-In)
button. The original view will be
restored.

Figure 41. CIRCUIT.SPE with Region selected
for viewing

Figure 42. CIRCUIT.SPE expanded to show
Defined Region

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69

Data Window Context menu
For your convenience, the essential data window functions
have been gathered into a single menu, illustrated in
Figure 43. This menu, available whether the data isdisplayed as an image, graph, or 3D graph, can beaccessed by right-clicking anywhere in the data display
area. Brief descriptions of the provided functions follow.
Note: Right-clicking inside an ROI will open the ROI
context menu.
Figure 43. Data Window
Context menu

Labeling Images and Graphs
For graphs and images, the normal context menu (right-click) is as shown in Figure 44.

Figure 44. Normal Context menu

This menu was changed for ROIs. If there is an ROI, and if the mouse is right-clicked in
the ROI, the context menu changes to that shown in Figure 45.

Figure 45. ROI Context menu

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If the mouse is right-clicked outside the ROI, the normal menu (Figure 44) appears. The ROI
context menu (Figure 45) contains the usual actions pertaining to the ROI (autoscaling on theregion inside the ROI, and zooming in to the ROI region) plus three new actions:Label Display: which allows user labels to be placed on the display,
Erase Labels: which removes ALL user labels from the display, andClose ROI: which erases the ROI with no other action (it does not move the cursor!).

The Label Display action brings up a dialog and opens an Edit box - Inside the ROI! asshown in Figure 46.

Figure 46. Label Display action

The dialog allows loading a previously saved label (from one on the SPE file’s 5comment fields); alternatively you can type the label into the edit box. The label can besaved into a file’s comment field (when OK is clicked). The source comment field andthe destination comment field can be different.
Clicking Remove existing labels will erase all previous labels from the display before
adding the current label.
The Settings button brings up a dialog with
options for the label itself (Figure 47). The
Display Label Settings dialog allows you tochange the color of the label text, to choose
between an opaque (white) background and atransparent background, and choose whether thelabels are to run vertically or horizontally. The
opaque background works well with images,
where the label can get lost inside the image.
Figure 47. Label Options subdialog

Chapter 5

Displaying the Data

The simplest way to label a display would beto place the ROI where the label should appear(the origin starts at the top left corner of the
ROI box), right-click inside the ROI box, typethe label text, and click OK. Figure 48 shows alabel as entered in the label text entry box.
Figure 49 shows the same label as it willappear with the data after clicking on OK.

71

Figure 48. Label Text Entry box

Figure 49. Data with Finished Label

Generally it is advisable to save the label in a comment field; otherwise, once the label isprinted and the display is closed, the label will be lost. In fact, once the label is on thedisplay, it cannot be edited. However, if it has been saved, it can be edited, as follows.
1.
2.
3.
4.

Erase labels.
Call up the display label menu.
Load the label.
Edit the label in the edit box.

5. Check the Save Label box to save the changes.
6. Click OK to print the corrected label.
Labels are printed with the same font as is used for the axes. To change fonts, use the Display
Layout Axes tab, and select Fonts… (this works even if axes are not displayed).
To reposition the label, move or resize the ROI (and Edit) box before you click on OK.
Moving the box, however, requires that you position the mouse very near the edge of thebox, because further in, the Edit box will capture the mouse. Resizing is done in theusual way with the ROI box handles. If the ROI box is accidentally erased, just redraw a
new one in the desired location, and the Edit box will reappear.
The Edit box wraps lines at the end of the box, and the Label function will display thelabel as it appears in the box (Figure 50).

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Figure 50. Edit box with Line-wrapped Label and Finished LabelTo correct the line-wrapping, simply resize the ROI as shown in Figure 51.

Figure 51. ROI resized to correct Line-wrapping

The font can be changed after the label is printed on the display:

Figure 52. Display after changing Font Selection

To change the background or color, the label must be erased and reprinted; it can only bealtered inside the edit box.

Data Displayed as a 3D Graph
Data files can be opened as 3D graphs from the Open dialog. Figure 53 shows a 3Dgraph with five data strips. Figure 37 (page 66) shows a 3D graph with two data strips.
Both examples illustrate the behavior of the Auto Select algorithm as discussed on
page 65. The following paragraphs contain procedures for opening and displaying data ingraphical format.

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73

Figure 53. 3D Graph with Five Data Strips

Displaying Hid-lamp.spe
The data file used in this exercise is Hid-lamp.spe, one of the data files supplied withyour WinView/32 software.
1. From the File menu selectOpen. The Open dialog(Figure 54) will appear,
allowing you to select theimage to be opened. The
Look-In box provides abrowser function so that thedirectory where the images arelocated can be easily accessed.
By default the data directory
is a subdirectory of WinView
program directory. Files of thespecified type (theWinView/32 data type is*.spe) in the current directory
and any subdirectories arelisted in the box below thedirectory name.

Figure 54. Open dialog

2. The Image, Graph and 3D Graph radio buttons at the bottom of the box allow you toselect whether the file will be opened and displayed as an image, two dimensional graphor as a 3D graph. Select 3D Graph (Auto Select should not be checked.).
3. From the data directory select the image file called Hid-lamp.spe. Click on the OK
button. A window of the appropriate dimensions should appear immediately. The
graph display may take a few seconds, depending on the speed of the computer. The
initial appearance of the display may vary depending on the initial Display Layout
parameter settings.

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4. Select Layout on the Display
menu. The Display Layout
dialog will open as shown in
Figure 55.
5. Check and, if necessary, set thefollowing parameter selections
on each tab.
General tab
Display As: 3d Graph
Auto Select: unchecked
Axes: both boxes checked
Cross Sections: bothFigure 55. Display Layout dialog
boxes checked
Keep Window Placement: unchecked
Tool Bar: checked or unchecked
Range tabInitial Autoscale: checked
Set to Full Range: checked
Frame: 1
Color tab: no changes
Axes tabHorizontal axis: checked
Horizontal label: checked
Horizontal label string: Pixel
Vertical axis: checked
Vertical label: checked
Vertical label string: Intensity
3D Layout
3D Mode: Multi-strip; same frame selected
3D Properties: Remove Hidden Line checked; other two boxes unchecked.
Z Axis Endpoint: %X set to 20; %Y set to 40
3D Marker curves: Marker Curves unchecked; Curve set to 5

6. Click on OK. The Display Layout dialog will close and the data display,
exclusive of the intensity profiles, should appear as shown in Figure 56. Each
strip is displayed as a plot of intensity vs. pixel number. The first strip is at thefront and the last strip is at the back. Initially the cursor will be at the lower left.
Use the up arrow key to move to a higher numbered strip and the right arrow key
to move to a higher numbered pixel on the strip. Then click the Intensity
Autoscale key to scale the intensity profiles. Note that clicking the mouse button
at different points on the display will change the pixel selection but not the strip.

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Figure 56. Hid-lamp.spe 3-D Graph

7. Press the [Insert] key on the keyboard repeatedly. Each time it is pressed thedisplay expands about the cursor position. Then press the [Delete] key
repeatedly to contract the display, restoring the appearance of the data display.
8. Note the cross-sectional displays in Figure 56. The vertical cross-section profiles
the intensity at the same point on each successive strip. The horizontal
cross-section profiles the intensity at each point on the same strip. If the large
cursor is selected, cursor projections will intersect the cross section to show
indicate the cursor position. These projections may not be visually aligned withthe cursor position on the main plot. This effect will be particularly noticeablewith a long Z axis. Because of perspective effects, the higher numbered strips
will be further away and visually smaller. The axes automatically adjust so thatthey read true for the strip on which the cursor is located. However, because thecross-section profiles expand to use all of the available space, they will not be inalignment visually with the cursor. The profile shapes will be correct, and thepoint on the profiles intersected by the large cross-hair extensions will accurately
indicate the cursor position. Also, the information box will accurately report the
pixel number and intensity at the cursor position.

5%-95% Display Range
1. Click on . The data display will shift so that it only fills the 5% to 95% regionof the window range. Had the data initially extended all the way to the windowboundary, the data display would have been slightly compressed to fit within the
5%-95% range.
2. Click on, restoring the image to its initial appearance.

3. Before advancing to the next topic, open the View menu. Then select the Smallcursor and deselect Cross Sections.

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Selecting a Region of Interest
1. Using the mouse, drag a rectangular region on the image as shown in Figure 57.

Figure 57. Hid-lamp.spe 3D Graph with Region selected for viewing

2. Click on(Zoom In). The view will change so that only the selected region isdisplayed as shown in Figure 58.

Figure 58. Hid-lamp.spe 3D Graph expanded to show Defined Region

3. Click on(Undo All Zoom-In). The original view will be restored.

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Information box
On the View menu, select Info. The information box should appear as shown in Figure 59.
The first line reports the intensity and pixel number at the cursor position. The second line
reports the frame number, strip number, and the pixel number. The intensity in A/D counts isreported at the X and Y position corresponding to the cursor position. If a region is defined by
dragging the mouse cursor, the region coordinates, length, and height will also be reported.
You may have to lengthen the Information box for all of this information to appear.

Figure 59. Graphical Display with Information box

Note: When you open the information box, it becomes the active window. To perform
operations in the data display window, such as changing the selected strip, you must again
make the data display window active by clicking the mouse cursor anywhere in the data
box. The data-window title bar will become highlighted, indicating that it is the active
window, and the cursor positioning functions will become operative again. The data
displayed in the information box will continue to be updated automatically.

Displaying a Single Strip
1. Open the Display Layout dialog by selecting Layout on the Display menu.
2. On the General tab, with Auto Select unselected, click on the Display Type|Graph radio button and then on OK. The single data curve for the strip on which
the cursor is positioned will be displayed.

Figure 60. Single Strip displayed graphically

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3. Try operating the cursor positioning keys to demonstrate their effect. The left/right arrow
key move the cursor along the strip, and the up/down keys move it from strip to strip. The[Home] and [End] keys move the cursor to the strip ends, and Shift + Home and Shift +End move it the first strip and last strip, respectively. The [Insert] and [Delete] keys
expand or contract the data about the cursor position.
Restore the 3D display by selecting 3D Graph on the Display Layout|General tab.

CursorThe cursor’s appearance and behavior are a bit different with graphical plots than withimage plots, as detailed in the following table.
Selection

Image Plot

Graph

None

No Cursor

No Cursor

No Cursor
Small cross; left/rightarrow keys change
selected pixel on strip;[Home] key moves tofirst pixel, [End] key tolast pixel. Up/downarrow keys move cursor
from strip to strip. Shift+ Home moves to first
strip, Shift + End to
last. Strips may all befrom same frame or eachmay be from a different
frame.
Same as Small Cursor
and 3D Graph exceptthat cursor ray
projections through thecross-section profiles areprovided. These will notnecessarily be visuallyaligned with the cursor.

Small

Small cross; both mouseand arrow keys can placecursor at any pixel on
image. [Home] and[End] keys move cursor
to end points on strip.
Shift + Home moves
cursor to first strip. Shift+ End moves it to the
last.

Small cross; left/rightarrow keys select pixel
on strip; up/down arrow
keys select strip to be
displayed. [Home] key
moves to first pixel,[End] key to last pixel.

Large

Large cross; rays extend
to edges of data set; withprojections through thecross-section profiles if
displayed. Both mouseand arrow keys can placecursor at any pixel on
image. [Home] and[End] keys move cursor
to end points on strip.
Shift + Home moves
cursor to first strip. Shift+ End moves it to thelast strip.

Same as Small Cursor
and Graph combination.

3D Graph

Table 3. Cursor Appearance and Behavior for Images and Graphs

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Strip Selection
As described above, when displaying data as a graph, the up/down arrow keys can be used
to select a higher or lower numbered strip. This is true if displaying multiple strips or asingle strip. For additional utility where a large change is required, Shift + Home can beused to move the selection to the first strip and Shift + End to move it to the last one.
Four of the Custom Toolbar buttons similarly allow the selected strip to be changed
when data is displayed as a graph.
Selects the first strip.
Selects the last strip.
Selects the next strip.
Selects the previous strip.
These buttons have no effect on the strip selection when viewing data as an image.
Instead they select the first, last, next and previous frame respectively if the data set
contains multiple frames.
Note: When displaying the data as a graph, to view data from multiple frames, it isnecessary to select Same Strip - Multi Frame on the 3D Layout tab of the Display
Layout dialog.
It might further be noted that these buttons do not appear on the default Custom Toolbar.
Instead they must be added using the Customize Toolbar dialog, accessed by selecting
Custom Toolbar on the Setup menu.

Cursor Curve and Marker Curves
In analyzing a data display, it is often desirable to highlight the cursor curve and to haveevery nth curve displayed in a different color as a convenient marker. WinView/32
provides these functions as demonstrated in the following procedure.
1. On the 3D Layout tab, select Highlight Cursor Curve and Marker Curves On.
Then press OK. The cursor curve and marker curves should be clearly delineated.
Note that on a color monitor they would be in contrasting colors and much easier to
see than in a black and white print (Figure 61).

Figure 61. 3D display with Cursor Curve and Marker Curves

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Note: Displaying the data with Highlight Cursor Curve displayed affects the timerequired to step the cursor from curve to curve. If Highlight Cursor Curve is OFF,the cursor can step without updating the entire display. If Highlight Cursor Curve isON, the entire display updates with each step, a considerably slower operation.
2. If the Cursor Curve and Marker Curves do not appear, the problem may be with theassigned colors, which should be different from the normal graph color and different
from the background color. On the Display Layout|Color tab, it the Active 3D
Graphs button that allows the cursor-curve color to be set. The Marker Graphs
button is used to set the marker-curves color.

Hidden Surfaces
You may wish to shift the view to show the hidden or underside of the display, as
illustrated in the following procedure.
1. Open the Foot1.spe file as a 3D graph: this sample file is supplied with WinView.

Figure 62 Foot1.spe File displayed as 3D Graph

2. Open the Display Layout dialog and make the following changes.
Range: Deselect Set to Full Range and set step by to 10. Setting the step size is
not necessary: it just makes it easier to see strips because only every tenth strip
will be displayed.

Figure 63 Display Layout|Range tab

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3D Layout: Select Show Hidden Surface and deselect Highlight Cursor Curveand Marker Curves On. Remove Hidden Lines should be selected. Change
the Z Axis Endpoint to X% 25 and Y% 0.

Figure 64 Display Layout|3D tab

The Z Axis Endpoint can be set by entering values up to 80% X (either polarity)and 80% Y (positive only) or graphically by using the mouse. If you click on
Adjust Z Graphically and then on OK, the Z Axis Adjust window will appear.
Position the cursor in the window, depress the left mouse button, and drag the
cursor around the WinView/32 desktop until you see the desired axis orientation.
Then release the mouse button.
Because the data is displayed the moment you depress the mouse button and thenupdated as you drag the cursor, you can see the effects of dragging the axis whilemoving it. When working with a high-density data set, every nth line will be
suppressed during the adjustment so the process remains fast. When the data isdisplayed as desired, releasing the mouse button will cause the entire data set to be
displayed with the new orientation.
TIP: Since you can move the cursor outside the data window, reducing the data
window size before adjusting the Z axis will give you greater range of motion whiledragging the axis.
3. Click on OK. The data should be redisplayed as shown in Figure 65, with the hidden surface(lighter lines) clearly visible. Note that the Info Bar has been turned on so you can view
cursor position information: turn this bar on by selecting it from the Display menu or on the
Display Layout|General tab.

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Figure 65. 3D Plot with Hidden Surfaces

4. If the hidden surfaces are not clearly delineated, it may be necessary to change the color
assigned to them, which should be different from the normal graph and backgroundcolors. The Normal Hidden Surface button on the Display Layout|Color tab allows
the hidden-surface color to be selected. Note that the Marker Hidden Surface button
allows the color of the marker curves in hidden surface regions to be set.

Opening the Display Layout dialog
Open the CIRCUIT.SPE file suppliedwith WinView and select Layout fromthe Display menu. The Display Layout
dialog will open (Figure 66). Note thatyou can also access the Display Layout
dialog by clicking on the Display Layout
button on the Open dialog.

Viewing Axes and Cross
Sections
1. On the General tab, select Axes
Horizontal, Axes Vertical, Cross
Sections Horizontal and Cross
Sections Vertical. Refer to the online
Help for additional information on
Axes and Cross Sections.
2. Click on the Range tab (Figure 67).
Initial Autoscale and Set to Full
Range should be selected. The
Frame number should be "1."
3. Click on the OK button to close the
Display Layout dialog.
4. Click on the(Autoscale) button
at the bottom of the image window.
Then select the large cursor byclicking on Cursor on the View
menu and then on Large as shownin Figure 68.

Figure 66. Display Layout dialog

Figure 67. Display Layout|Range tab

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5. The display should now appear as shown in Figure 69. The
axes will be labeled in image pixels and strips with respect
to the array used to acquire the image. The vertical image
intensity profile at the cursor position will be displayed to
the left and the horizontal image intensity profile at thebottom. The minimum and maximum values for each profile
are indicated. Note that you can use the mouse and drag theaxes and profile boundaries to change the size of the profile
display regions. To change the cursor location, simply click
the mouse at the new spot. The cross-sectional graphs will
Figure 68. Selecting the Largechange to reflect the profiles at the new location.
CursorFigure 69. CIRCUIT.SPE with Axes and Cross-Sections

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Information box
On the View menu, select Info.
The information box should
appear as shown in Figure 70.
The intensity in A/D counts isreported at the pixel and strip
position corresponding to thecursor position. Also reported
are the Frame number, Aspectratio, and X and Y Zoom in
effect. If a region is defined by
dragging the mouse cursor, theregion coordinates anddiagonal length will also bereported.

Figure 70. Information box

Autoranging the Intensity in a ROI
1. Drag the mouse cursor to define a rectangular region of interest on the displayed
image.
2. Click on(Autoscale). The display will autorange to the intensity range in thedefined region. The effect will be an increase in contrast in the observed image.
Throughout the image, pixels darker or lighter than those in the defined region will
be displayed as black or white.
3. Click the mouse anywhere in the displayed image and click
again to restore theoriginal image view.

Relabeling the Axes
1. Open the Display
Layout|Axes tab (Figure 71).
Note that the Horizontal Axis,
Vertical Axis, and Labelcheck boxes for all are checked(If unchecked, thecorresponding axis or label
would not be displayed.)
2. Change the axis label for bothaxes. Then click on OK. The
displayed axes will no longer be
named Pixel and Strip, butrather the new labels.

Figure 71. Display Layout|Axes tab

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3. Try selecting different fonts tosee the effect. Only True-type
or Type 1 (Postscript) fonts
will work correctly. Open the
Fonts dialog, change thevarious font choices, and clickon OK twice. To return to theoriginal font choices, select10 pt Arial Regular.
4. Reopen the Axes tab and change
the axis labels back to their
original designations (Pixel forhorizontal; Strip for vertical).
Figure 72. Fonts dialog

Changing the Color of theAxes and Labels
1. Open the Color tab. Note that
there is a button for each item towhich a color can be assigned andthat the current color for each item
is indicated in a color swatch to
the right of the button. The default
for the Axis is yellow.
2. Click on Axis. The color palette
will open (Figure 73).
Figure 73. Display Layout|Color tab

3. Select a different color by clicking on the swatch of thedesired color.
4. Then click on OK to close the Color dialog and on OK
again to close the Display Layout dialog. The axes andcolors will now appear with the new color.
5. Repeating the process, open the Color dialog again andrestore the default color. Again, click on OK to close theColor dialog and on OK again to close the Display
Layout dialog. The axes and labels will now be
displayed in the original color.

Figure 74. Display Layout|
Color Palette

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Specifying a New ROI and Intensity Range
1. Open the Display Layout|Range tab. Note that you can change the displayed
intensity range as well as the X-Y range.
2. Try entering more restricted ranges and note how the displayed image changes.
Changing the X-Y range by entering new values is functionally equivalent tochanging the displayed area by dragging the cursor as previously described.
Selecting a narrower intensity range results in pixels brighter and darker than therange limits being displayed as white and black respectively. The effect is to increase
the contrast of the image. Each time a change is made, click on OK to close the
Display Layout dialog and observe the effect of the change.
3. On completing your display experiments, restore the defaults (Autoscale Intensity
and Full Range checked), close the Display Layout dialog, and close the data file.

Displaying a Z-SliceA z-slice cuts across multiple frames at the cursor location and generates a new data file.
The number of points in the z-slice equals the number of frames in the source file. The
generated file name is the source file name appended with “_ZVU”. The X-axis is inframes and the Y-axis is in intensity. Figure 75 shows an .SPE file containing ten frames
and the z-slice .SPE file generated for the cursor location.

Figure 75. Multi-frame Data and a Z-Slice of that Data

1. Verify that the Custom Toolbar is visible and that that the Z-slice
button is inthat toolbar. If the toolbar and/or the button are not present, refer to “Chapter 15
Custom Toolbar Settings,” starting on page 159, for information on how to display
the toolbar and add an available button.
2. Open a data file with multiple frames.
3. Position the cursor in the data window.
4. Click on the Z-slice

button to generate the z-slice data file.

Part 2
Advanced Topics
Chapter 6, On-Line Data Acquisition Processes .......................................... 89
Chapter 7, Cleaning .............................................................................................. 93
Chapter 8, ROI Definition & Binning ................................................................ 97
Chapter 9, Correction Techniques ................................................................ 103
Chapter 10, Image Math .................................................................................... 109
Chapter 11, Post-Acquisition Mask Processes .......................................... 115
Chapter 12, Additional Post-Acquisition Processes ................................ 127
Chapter 13, Printing ........................................................................................... 133
Chapter 14, Pulser Operation .......................................................................... 137
Chapter 15, Custom Toolbar Settings .......................................................... 159
Chapter 16, Software Options ......................................................................... 163

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Chapter 6
On-Line Data Acquisition Processes
Introduction
The Processes tab on the Experiment Setup
dialog allows you to set up and activate up to two
processes for automatic processing of incoming
data. Process activation occurs when you select acheck box. After you click in a check box, you
can then click on the Setup… button and beginentering or reviewing the parameters for theprocess. After you have clicked on the OK button
to activate one or more processes, the active
processes will be applied to data being acquired.
Note: The on-line thresholding and absorbanceprocesses change the raw data. If you want toretain raw data, you may want to use a postacquisition process instead.

Figure 76. Experiment Setup|Processestab

On-Line Thresholding
Description
On-line thresholding allows a threshold test to be
performed on data as it is acquired. The threshold
test is performed after background subtraction andflatfield correction but before software
accumulation. Data that falls within the thresholdrange returns a 1, data that falls below the minimum
threshold or above the maximum returns a 0. In an Figure 77. Online Thresholding Setup
experiment containing n accumulations, only one
dialogdata set is stored, but with the data added fromeach accumulation. Thus, if a given bit contained data within the threshold range on 7 of
10 iterations, the value of the bit in the acquired data set would be 7. The minimum andmaximum levels can be independently set and check boxes allow the minimum andmaximum threshold functions to be independently toggled on or off.

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Parameters
Enable Minimum: The check box allows the Minimum threshold function to be
switched ON (checked) or OFF (unchecked). When the function is ON. you canenter the minimum threshold level. This can be any positive or negative value in therange of possible intensities provided the setting is lower than the Maximum setting.
This setting will be retained when the function is switched OFF.

When the Minimum threshold is ON and data is being acquired, any intensity value
below the set value will return a 0. Intensities higher than the Minimum setting will
return a 1, unless they also exceed the Maximum setting, in which case they will
return a 0. When the Minimum threshold is OFF, all intensities below the Maximum
will return a 1; intensities that exceed Maximum return 0.
Enable Maximum: The check box allows the Maximum threshold function to be
switched ON (checked) or OFF (unchecked). When the function is ON. you canenter the maximum threshold level. This can be any positive or negative value in therange of possible intensities provided the setting is higher than the Minimum setting.
This setting will be retained when the function is switched OFF.

When the Maximum threshold is ON and data is being acquired, any intensity value
above the set value will return a 0. When it is OFF, all intensities higher than the
Minimum will return a 1.
Note: Background subtraction can force negative values.

Procedure
1. Select On-Line Thresholding on the Experiment Setup|Processes tab. The
Online Thresholding Setup dialog will open.
2. Set the Minimum and Maximum threshold enable status and set the thresholdvalues.
3. Click on OK to save your entries and close the dialog. Then click on Acquire or
Focus to start data acquisition.

ASCII Output File
Description
The ASCII Output process allows you to select and set
parameters for saving the data to an ASCII file. The ASCII
Output Setup dialog (Figure 78) allows you to specify
the delimiter and the line termination character to be used
when the data is stored in ASCII format. The choice ofdelimiter and termination character depends on therequirements of the program into which you will be
importing the data. When storing the file, WinView uses
the filename and location parameters entered on theExperiment Setup|Data File tab.

Figure 78. ASCII Output Setup dialog

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Procedure
1. Select Experiment Setup from the Acquisition menu.
2. Click on the Experiment Setup|Data File tab.
3. Enter the filename to be used when WinView saves the .TXT file. Click on thebrowse button to the right of the Name field and select the directory where the fileshould be saved. You can also select other file saving parameters such as autoincrement, file overwrite, or file append.
4. Click on the Experiment Setup|Processes tab and select ASCII Output File.
5. Click on the Setup button to open the ASCII Output Setup dialog.
6. Set the Delimiter and Line Termination Characters and click on OK to save yourentries and close the dialog.
7. Click on Acquire or Focus to initiate data acquisition.
8.

At the end of the acquisition, the .TXT file will be saved automatically. Dependingon your data file entries (Steps 2 and 3), the acquired data may also be saved
automatically as an SPE file or you can save it manually.

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Chapter 7
Cleaning
Introduction
An acquisition is made up of an exposure period and a readout period. For the rest of the time,
the camera is waiting to be told to acquire images. During this waiting period, charge
generated from different sources builds up on the array unless some kind of cleaning process
is ongoing. Cleaning minimizes the impact of the unwanted signal (noise) by row shifting theaccumulated charge to the output register and then discarding it.
Depending on your system, WinView/32 will provide you with up to five cleaning features.
The most common cleaning feature is Clean Cycles, which occur until Acquire is selected
and may continue up to the entered number of cleans before exposure begins. If External
Synchronization is being used to control exposure, a feature called continuous cleans may be
used in addition to the standard clean cycles. Where the camera and controller support it, aspecialized version of continuous cleans Continuous Cleans Instruction can be used with theExternal Sync timing mode. The readout of ROI information is enhanced by the Vertical
Skips feature. With Version 5 of the ST-133 Controller, continuous cleans for Kinetics is also
supported. All of these cleaning features and their interrelationships are described in thesections that follow.

Clean Cycles
The basic cleaning function is implemented by clean cycles. These cycles start when you
turn the controller on and a clean pattern is programmed into the controller. Their
purpose is to remove charge that accumulates on the array while the camera notacquiring data (i.e., exposing and reading out the array). The timing diagram below is foran experiment set up to acquire three (3) images in Freerun timing mode with normal
shutter operation selected. In this diagram clean cycles occur before the first exposureand after the last readout period.
Note: The start of the exposure is signaled by NOT SCAN going high but will not occur
until the current clean cycle has finished.

Figure 79. Clean Cycles in Freerun Operation

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The configuration of clean cycles is performed on
the Hardware Setup|Cleans/Skips tab(Figure 80). When you set up the camera for the
first time, default values are automatically inserted
into these fields. These will give the best results formost applications. Even so it is a good idea to knowwhat these entries mean with regard to cleaning.
Beginning with Number of Strips per Clean,
this parameter sets the number of rows that will beshifted and discarded per clean cycle. While alarge number such as the number of rows in thearray may result in the best cleaning of the array,the tradeoff is that there may be a significant delay
between the receipt of a start exposure signal(NOT SCAN signal at the
BNC goeshigh) and the beginning of the actual exposure.
Figure 80. Cleans/Skips tab
This delay occurs because the current clean cycle
must be completed before a start exposure signal received during the cycle will be
implemented. Typically, the default setting is much smaller and in time critical experiments,
the setting should be 1 or 2.
The Number of Cleans value is usually set to zero (0). These are additional clean cycles thatcan be required after a start exposure signal is received and the current clean cycle has
finished. The maximum value for this entry depends on the controller. For example, the rangeof values for an ST-133 is 0-7 and is 0-255 for an ST-138.

Continuous Cleans
Clean cycles will always occur but anadditional cleaning function called
Continuous Cleans is provided when thestart of exposure is tied to an external
trigger (i.e., the experiment is being run inExternal Sync timing mode.)
Figure 82 shows the timing diagram for an
experiment with External Sync trigger
active on the negative edge. Note that thetiming diagram shows two possible setups
for the shutter. In the first setup (Normal),the shutter is opened when External Sync
goes low. Because it takes time to open ashutter, data may be missed while the
shutter is opening. In the second setup(Preopen), the shutter is opened when the
NOT SCAN signal (at the
BNC onthe back of the ST-133) goes high. The
advantage is that the shutter is fully opened
when the exposure (triggered by ExternalSync) begins.

Figure 81. Timing Tab: External Sync with
Continuous Cleans Selected

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The disadvantage is that ambient light is no longer being blocked from the array during
the period between NOT SCAN going high and the External Sync going low.
Continuous cleans provides a way to get rid of the signal that accumulates on the array
during that interval.

Figure 82. External Sync Timing Diagram

Figure 83. External Sync with Continuous Cleans Timing Diagram

Figure 83 shows the same timing diagram with the addition of continuous cleans(indicated by the shaded areas labeled CC). Continuous cleans are additional clean
cycles and defined by the same parameter values as the standard clean cycles. When theExternal Sync trigger arrives during continuous cleaning, the current clean cycle must becompleted before the exposure will begin. In time critical experiments, the number ofrows per clean (set on the Hardware Setup|Controller/Camera tab) should be 1 or 2
to minimize the delay.

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Continuous Cleans Instruction
If the controller and the camera support it, aspecialized cleaning function can be used whencontinuous cleans is active. This function,"Continuous Cleans Instruction", can only be
activated if the check box for it is visible on the
Hardware Setup|Cleans/Skips tab (seeFigure 84).
Continuous cleans instruction does horizontal
shifts while doing vertical shifts for a faster
continuous clean. With this instruction, thedelay between an External Sync trigger andthe start of exposure is minimized.
Continuous cleans instruction will be used inplace of the standard continuous cleans if both
Use Continuous Cleans Instruction on the
Cleans/Skips tab and Continuous Cleanson the Experiment Setup|Timing tab arechecked.

Figure 84. Cleans/Skips tab:Continuous Cleans Instruction

ROIs and Cleaning
An ROI is a user-defined subsection of the array. As with full frames, the defined clean cycles
are used to keep charge from accumulating on the array while it is waiting for a start exposure
signal and after the data has been readout of the array. The specialized cleaning function for
an ROI – Vertical Skips – is applied when the ROI is read out. Vertical Skips parameters
are used to shorten the readout/discard time for the rows before and after the ROI. Minimum
Block Size sets the number of invalid rows (horizontal lines of the CCD) to bin before
the valid data. Number of Blocks sets the number of these blocks to shift and discard
before going to a geometric grouping algorithm. Refer to "Vertical Skips" on page 45 fordetailed information about vertical skips and the grouping algorithm.
Note: The 2-D OMA array does not support vertical skips; and all of the rows on thearray are read out and converted before the non-ROI information is discarded. The
default Vertical Skips settings of Minimum Block Size: 2 and Number of Blocks: 5,
while appearing to work, will result in invalid data. Instead, you must change thesesettings to 1 and 256, respectively, for the 2-D OMA array.

Kinetics and Cleaning
Kinetics is a special type of operation in which most of the CCD is mechanically or opticallymasked, leaving a small section open to light. This section is then shifted under the mask very
quickly. The defined clean cycles are used to keep charge from accumulating on the array
while it is waiting for a start exposure signal and after the data has been readout of the array.
In addition to clean cycles, continuous cleans for kinetics is supported by Version 5 (orhigher) of the ST-133 Controller. For kinetics experiments, continuous cleans are only applied
between the first NOT SCAN low-to-high transition and the External Sync high-to-lowtransition. Because of the speed at which the array is then shifted, exposed, and shifted nofurther cleaning occurs until the last frame has been exposed and shifted. At that point, theclean cycles begin again.

Chapter 8
ROI Definition & Binning
Overview
GeneralA Region of Interest (ROI) may be the entire CCD array or it may be a rectangularsubregion of the array. For data acquisition, the definition of such a region is done fromthe ROI Setup tab (Figure 91), accessible after selecting Experiment Setup from theAcquisition menu or from the Experiment Setup|ROI Setup tab (Figure 91,
page 101). ROI Setup allows you to create multiple ROIs with greater flexibility in ROI
location and width.
Each ROI is defined in the X and Y direction by a start pixel, an end pixel, and agroup/height (binning) factor. After one or more regions have been defined and stored,
data acquisition will use these regions to determine which information will be read out
and displayed and which information will be discarded.
When ROIs are used to acquire data, the ROI parameter information (for the first 10
ROIs) is stored in the data file when that data is saved to disk. You can review thisinformation for the active data display by using the File Information functionality(accessible from the File menu or from the Display Context menu).
Notes:
1. For Flatfield Correction, Background Subtraction, etc., the images must be exactly thesame size.
2. References to X and Y axes assume that the shift register is parallel to the X-axis andthat the data is shifted to the shift register in the Y direction. See Figure 85 below.

Figure 85. Assumed Array Orientation

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Binning (Group and Height parameters)
Overview
WinView/32 allows you to define rectangular groups of pixels (of any size) that will be
added together to create an image. This process adding the data from adjacent pixels
together to form a single pixel (sometimes called a super-pixel) is called binning.
Separate Group parameter values can be entered in the X and Y directions for every
defined parameter to give you the greatest possible flexibility in controlling the readout.
Although modest binning may be employed to increase the sensitivity, there is a tradeoff
in that it adversely affects the image resolution. As a result, binning when imaging isnormally limited to a few pixels vertically and horizontally (2x2, for example).
Binning can be set up to occur during data acquisition either while data is being shifted
into the shift register (hardware binning) or after the data has been sent to the hostcomputer (software binning). Post-acquisition binning can be performed on previously
acquired data (see "Binning and Skipping", page 130).

Hardware Binning
Hardware binning is performed before the signal is read out by the preamplifier and may
be used to improve the signal to noise (S/N) ratio. For signal levels that are readout-noise
limited this method improves S/N ratio linearly with the number of pixels grouped
together. For signals large enough so that the camera is photon shot noise limited, and for
all fiber-coupled ICCD cameras, the S/N ratio improvement is roughly proportional to
the square-root of the number of pixels binned.
Because hardware binning is performed while the signal is shifted into the readout
register, the readout time and the burden on computer memory are reduced. However,this time and memory savings are at the expense of resolution. Since shift register pixels
typically hold only twice as much charge as image pixels, hardware binning of large
sections may result in saturation and "blooming," spilling charge into adjacent pixels.
If you want to use hardware binning, you define the binning parameters on theExperiment Setup|ROI tab. These settings will be used for acquiring data until you
change the ROI size or the amount of binning.
Note: If you have a PCI card, you may need to ensure that the number of pixels to beread out is always an even number: a warning will appear if number of pixels needs to bechanged. If you are doing binning, the number of pixels digitized (after hardware binningis complete) must be an even number.

Software Binning
If blooming is an issue, you can use software binning instead of hardware binning.
Software binning is activated by checking Use Software Binning on the ROI Setup
tab. While software binning will prevent saturation of the CCD chip shift register pixels,
it is not as fast as hardware binning.

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Defining ROIs
TIP: You can acquire a full-chip data set without losing your ROI definitions. To do so,
simply click on the Use Full Chip radio button on the Experiment Setup|Main tab. Aslong as Use Full Chip is selected, the ROI setup parameters are ignored and datacollection will result in full frame data sets. To switch back to a defined ROI pattern, clickon the Use Region of Interest radio button on the Experiment Setup|Main tab.

Examples of Imaging ROIs
Figure 86-Figure 89 show possible ROI patterns. Note that the patterns in Figure 89
demonstrate varying size ROIs.

Figure 86. Single Full-width ROI

Figure 87. Single Partial-width ROI

Figure 88. Multiple Full-width ROIs

Figure 89. Multiple ROIs with Different
Widths

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Constraints on Defining Multiple Regions of Interest (ROIs)
General: You may create more than ten ROIs but when data is acquired using these
ROIs, the parameter information for only the first ten ROIs will be stored when you savethe data.
In this mode, ROIs can havevarying sizes and degrees ofoverlap. However, when you
define multiple ROIs likethose in Figure 89, thecomputer automaticallygenerates six "side-effect"
ROIs in the regions where
extensions of the strips andcolumns of the defined ROIs
intersect. Both the definedand computer generated
ROIs will be stored and thedata for both will be
displayed (see Figure 90).
The side-effect ROIs arenecessary to accommodate
hardware limitations.

Figure 90. Multiple Imaging ROIs and Resulting Data

Methods of Defining and Storing ROIs
A region of interest (full-width or partial width) can be defined by:
1. Entering values for the Pixels (X) and Strips (Y) parameters from the keyboard.
2. Dragging the mouse cursor on a displayed image to define a rectangular region andthen clicking the Mouse button. Before using this method, you must acquire a FullChip image. Otherwise, you will get a "Size of Image in Active Window is
Incompatible with Current Chip Size" message when you try to define an ROI.
3. Defining the region with the mouse and then changing parameter values via the
keyboard before storing the pattern. This allows you to change a full-width ROI createdby mouse selection to a partial-width ROI like the one in Figure 87.
After an ROI is defined, its pattern can be stored, edited, or deleted. All defined areas
will be indicated on the displayed image after they have been stored. If a pattern is beingedited, its outline will be green and all other patterns will have red outlines. Purple
outlines will be drawn if two or more patterns are defined that do not have identical X
Start and End points (these outlines represent additional data that will be included in theimage acquired using the ROI Setup). The display of defined regions of interest is
automatically updated when patterns are added or cleared. Stored patterns are save to
disk when you exit the WinView/32 and are automatically loaded the next time you start
the program.

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Notes:
1. Right-clicking inside an ROI opens the ROI Context menu, which, in addition toproviding auto-scale and zoom functions, enables the labeling of image and graphicaldata.
2. The Experiment Setup|Save/Load tab allows all experiment set parameters,
including ROI, to be saved in a user-designated file for later recall. See thediscussion of the Save/Load tab in the online Help.

Defining ROIs by Keyboard entry
1. Open the Experiment Setup dialog and clickon the ROI Setup tab to open the ROI Setuptab (Figure 91).
TIP: Acquire a full-chip image before adding
or editing ROI patterns. The existing patterns
will be superimposed on the image.
2. Note the Number Stored value. This will tell
you if how many ROIs have already been
stored. Depending on what you want to do,
you may want click on Clear or Clear All toremove stored ROI patterns.
3. To add a new pattern, click on the spinbuttons (next to the Number Stored text)
until the text to the far left is New Pattern.
This will not be necessary if there are no
patterns stored.
a. Enter the X-axis Start, End, and Group
Figure 91. ROI Setup tab
values. The Group value controls the
X-axis binning: 1 indicates no binning; higher values indicate the number ofpixels being binned to increase the sensitivity at the expense of resolution.
Multiple ROIs can have different X-axis values.
TIP: If you are not sure of the chip size, open the Main tab and note the X and Y
values there.
b. Enter the Y-axis Start, End, and Group values. The Start and End values
indicate the height of the image and where the image is located along the Y-axis.
Group determines the Y-axis binning.
c. Click on Store to store the newly created ROI. The Number Stored will be
updated. Repeat this process until you have finished adding ROIs.
4. To edit an existing pattern, click on the spin buttons until the pattern number isdisplayed in the Edit Pattern field.
5. Then make your changes.
6. Click on Store to store the changed ROI pattern.
Note: To scan the full CCD chip at any time, simply select the Use Full Chip radio
button (on the Main tab) and begin acquisition.

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Defining ROIs by Mouse input
Often you can easily identify a region of interest by visually inspecting the full-chip
image. When this can be done, it is very easy to define the ROI graphically as follows.
1. First, click on the Use Full Chip radio button (Experimental Setup|Main tab) sothat a full-chip image will be acquired. Then click on Run. Alternatively, if you
already have an image, open this image and display it on screen.
2. Next click on the Use Region of Interest radio button (Main tab). Then click on
the ROI Setup tab to display the ROI Setup tab. If there are already regions stored,
you will now see them displayed as rectangles on the displayed image.
3. Click on the spin button to the right of the New/Edit Pattern field until the fieldlabel says New Pattern (instead of Edit Pattern).
4. Use the mouse to drag an ROI box over the desired region in the image display.
5. Click on Mouse (ROI tab) to enter the ROI information. Once this information isdisplayed on the tab, you edit it.
6. Click on Store to save the new pattern.

Chapter 9
Correction Techniques
Introduction
Advanced data collection includes background subtraction, flatfield correction, CCD
blemishes removal and Cosmic Ray removal. The skillful use of these techniques cansignificantly enhance measurement capabilities. Note that not all of these techniques will
be available in early releases of the software.

Background Subtraction
Princeton Instruments systems are adjusted so that data have a small offset. This offset
assures that small signals will not be missed. This offset can be subtracted after thesignal is acquired to prevent it from having any influence on the data.
Background subtraction allows you to automatically subtract any constant background inyour signal. This includes both constant offsets caused by the amplifier system in thecontroller as well as time-dependent (but constant for a fixed integration time) buildup of
dark charge. Some users collect a background image with the shutter open, including
ambient light in their background data. The background subtract equation is:(Raw image data – Background) = Corrected image data.
When background and flatfield operations are both performed, background subtraction isalways performed first. The equation is the following:(Raw image data – Background)/Flatfield = Corrected image data.
Below are instructions for collecting and using background data files.

Acquiring Background Files
This operation is similar to normal data acquisition.
1. Use exactly the same temperature setting as will be used in data collection. Wait atleast 30 minutes after the camera has reached operating temperature to ensurestability.
2. Set the same binning parameters, ROI and Exposure.
3. Select Acquire Background from the Acquisition menu. This will immediately
acquire a background file using the Experiment Setup parameters, only the shutter
will remain closed for most applications.
To acquire a background with the shutter open, or if the Acquire Background feature is too
restrictive in some other way, a background file can be collected as a normal data file. Oncethe file is collected and stored, enter the filename in the Background Subtract filename box
on the Experiment Setup Data Corrections tab (see Figure 92).

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Setting Automatic Background Subtraction
These steps instruct the software to automaticallysubtract a previously stored background file fromeach new data acquisition.
1. Select Experiment Setup from theAcquisition menu or click on the
buttonon the Custom Toolbar. This will open theExperiment Setup dialog.
2. Click on the Data Corrections tab. The Data
Corrections tab will be selected(Figure 92).
3. Click on the Background check box to turnon background subtraction. Type in the nameof a background file if it is in the current
directory. Alternatively, click on the button at
the end of the entry window to open the filebrowser to select the background file if it is ina different directory.

Figure 92. Data Corrections tab

4. Once the Background filename has beenentered, click on the OK button. This saves the background filename for all futuredata acquisitions, or until the Background is turned off.
The filename entered in the Background box will be subtracted from each new file
before it is displayed or stored. If both Flatfield and Background are selected, thebackground will be subtracted first, before the flatfield correction.

Background Subtraction with Intensified Cameras
To properly perform background subtraction with an intensified camera, a new
background must be acquired whenever the intensifier gain setting is changed. This isnecessary because changing the intensifier gain also affects the dark charge of theintensifier (EBI).

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Flatfield Correction
Flatfield correction allows you to divide out small nonuniformities in gain from pixel topixel. The instructions below set the flatfield correction to be performed before data are
saved to RAM or disk.

Acquiring a Flatfield File
This operation is similar to normal data acquisition.
1. Use exactly the same temperature setting as will be used in datacollection. Wait at least 30 minutes after the camera has reachedoperating temperature to ensure stability.
2. Set the same binning parameters and ROI. If you plan to use
a background file with data collection, select Backgroundon the Experiment Setup|Data Corrections tab and enter
the name of the background file. This background file will be
subtracted from the flatfield file before it is saved to disk.
3. Illuminate the camera uniformly. The accuracy of thisuniformity will be translated into an accurate flatfield correction.
4. Select Acquire Flatfield from the Acquisition menu. This
will immediately acquire a flatfield file using the Experiment
Setup parameters. Unlike background subtraction, the shutter
will open and close normally.
5. If background subtraction was selected, the background file will be subtracted fromthe flatfield file before it is saved to disk.
If the Acquire Flatfield feature is found to be too limiting in some way, a flatfield file can becollected as a normal data file. Once the file is collected, enter the filename in the Flatfield
Correction filename box on the Experiment Setup|Data Corrections tab (Figure 92).

Automatic Flatfield Correction
These steps instruct the software to automatically divide each new data file, pixel-bypixel, by the specified flatfield file.
1. Select Experiment Setup from the Acquisition menu or click on the
the Custom Toolbar. This will open the Experiment Setup dialog.

button on

2. Click on the Data Corrections tab (Figure 92).
3. Click on the Flatfield check box to turn on Flatfield correction. Type in the name ofa flatfield correction file in the current directory. Alternatively, click on the button at
the end of the field to open the file browser to select the flatfield correction file if it
is in a different directory.
4. Once the Flatfield filename has been specified, click on the OK button. This saves
the flatfield filename for all future data acquisitions, or until the Flatfield correction
is turned off.
Each pixel in a new file will be divided by the corresponding pixel in the Flatfield file. Ifboth Flatfield and Background are selected, the background will be subtracted first,
before the flatfield correction.

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CCD Blemishes
Pixels or columns specified as bad in the blemish file will be replaced by interpolated data(based on the pixel before and the pixel after the bad pixel) as data is collected. After you
click on the Remove check box, you can select the appropriate blemish file. Clicking on
the button at the right of the Blemish File Name field opens a browse dialog so you canlocate and select a file. If you do not have a blemish file but have determined that there are
one or more bad pixels or columns, you can create a file to be used.
Note: CCD Blemishes removal may not be implemented in early releases of thesoftware.

Figure 93. Blemish Files: CSV format and Tab Delimited format

Creating a Blemish File
1. Open an ASCII text editor or spreadsheet editor.
2. On the first line, key in the number of rows on the sensor. For example, you would
key in 1024 if the sensor format was 1024 x 1024.
3. Press [Enter].
4. For each pixel in a row, enter either a 0 (no blemish) or a 1 (blemish), a comma or
tab separator, and press [Enter] after you have completed the entries for that row.
Figure 93 shows both comma and tab separated entries.
Note: In the files shown in Figure 93, the blemishes did not go beyond the sixth
column on the sensor. It was not necessary to enter values for the remaining blemish
free columns.
5. If there was only one column blemish and it started in row 1, column 6 of the sensor,
you would have five 0s and a 1 in the sixth position as shown in Figure 93. You
would repeat this entry in succeeding rows until you reached the limit of the blemish.
If there were also individual pixel defects you want corrected, you would replace theappropriate 0s with 1s. Before you can use the blemish file, it must contain the initial
row indicating the sensor height and a row of values for each row on the sensor. The
blemish file for a 1024 high sensor would contain 1025 rows; for a 200 high sensor,
the file would contain 201 rows.
6. When you have finished entering the 0s and 1s, save the file with a .BLE extension.
Files with this extension are recognized by WinView as blemish files.
TIP: If you have a long array, use a spreadsheet that can save data to .CSV or .TXT
files. The numbered rows will help you keep track of where you are. When you havefinished with the data entry, save the data to a text file (.TXT extension) and then change
the file extension to .BLE.

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Cosmic Ray Removal
Causes highly localized spikes, such as would be caused by cosmic rays interacting withthe silicon of the CCD, to be removed from the data after it is acquired but before it isstored. Two different techniques (in addition to OFF) can be selected. The Temporaltechnique compares a series of images and requires no user parameters. The Spatial
technique compares the data with the set threshold level. If Spatial is selected, theSensitivity setting determines how large a data spike must be to be identified as a cosmic
ray effect (essentially the Sensitivity is a gain setting on the thresholding algorithm. A
value of 0 will find 0 cosmics, while a setting of 100 will be most sensitive.). A setting of
50 will give good results in most situations. Cosmic ray data is replaced by interpolated
before-and-after data.

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Chapter 10
Image MathIntroduction
A variety of mathematical operations can be
performed on WinView data files. Thisfunctionality, called Image Math, is selectable fromthe Process menu. The four tabs on the Mathdialog (Figure 94) allow you to select the source
file(s), operation, and the destination file for the
results of the selected mathematical operation(displayed at the top of the dialog). Additionally,
you can use the mouse to specify an ROI to beprocessed (available on tabs A and B).

Source Data and Destination Selection
As many as three data files can be involved inmath operations and there is a corresponding tab
for each of them, A, B, and C. A and B are Input
Files. C is always the Output File. Every
operation requires at least one Input File and an
Output File. Thus, every operation will require
Figure 94. Math dialog
using tabs A and C. In those cases where asecond Input File (or a constant) is required,tab B will also be used (see the online Help for detailed descriptions of the individualMath tabs).
With but a few exceptions, the parameters on the three file tabs are the same. Brief
descriptions follow.
Frame: If an input file contains multiple frames, you can specify the ones to beprocessed. The default is to process all frames. You additionally have the optionof choosing not to write all of the frames processed to the Output File.
X and Y Range: You can specify the input file pixels to be processed. The default
is to process all pixels. You additionally have the option of restricting the X andY pixel range data written to the Output File. An alternative way to specify aregion is to use the mouse to define the region on the active data display of the
input file and then click on Mouse.
Input (Output) Filename: All three tabs have a field for entering the filename. In
each case there is a button at the end of the box which, when pressed, opens abrowser to make selecting and specifying filenames and locations as simple aspossible. In the case of the B tab, there is additionally a field for entering a
constant. Radio buttons are provided that activate one or the other of the two
fields. Either a constant value or a filename can be entered, but not both.

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Data Type: For the A and B tabs, the data type is reported only and cannot bechanged. In the case of the C (output) tab, you can specify the data type. Data
types include:
Byte: 8 bits; only the eight least significant data bits (levels 0 to 255) will be saved.
UnInt: Unsigned integer; 16 bits (0 to 65535)
Int: Signed integer; 16 bits (-32768 to 32767)
Long: Signed integer; 32 bits (-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647)
Float: Floating point; 32 bits (-1.75494351e-38 to 3.402823466 e38)
Display Result: This check box appears on the C tab only. If checked, the output
image will be displayed as soon as the processing is complete.

Operations
On the Operation tab, the math operations are listed as either Linear or Non-Linear. The
operand(s) for math operations can be a single file, a file and a constant, or two files. In
addition to allowing you to perform these operations on entire files, WinView also
allows you to specify the frames (if multi-frame) and a region of interest (ROI).


When working with a single file, the specified operation is performed on eachpixel value of A and the result is written to the corresponding pixel of the Output
File, C. The operations available are grouped under the Non-Linear heading:
Log10
Natural Log
Square RootSquaredWhen working with a single file and a constant, the operation will be performedon each pixel value of A, using the constant specified on the B tab, and the result
is written to the corresponding pixel of the Output File, C. The operations
available are grouped under the Linear heading:
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication
Division
Bitwise Exclusive ORAbsolute Value
Bitwise Complement
Binary NOT

Min
Max
Bitwise AND
Bitwise OR

When working with two files, corresponding pixels from the two files, A and B,
are operated on and the result is written to the corresponding pixel of the Output
File, C. The operations that can be performed are the same as for a Single fileand Constant described above.

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Operation Descriptions
Linear Operations
Addition: The A file is added, pixel by
pixel, to the B file and the results
written to the C file. It is also possible to
add a constant entered on the B tab toeach point on the A file, with the results
written to the C file.
Subtraction: The B file is subtracted, pixelby pixel, from the A file and the results
are written to the new file. It is also
possible to subtract a constant enteredon the B tab from each point on the A
file, with the results written to the C file.
Multiplication: The A file is multiplied,
pixel by pixel, by the B file and theresults written to the C file. It is also
possible to multiply each pixel of the A
file by a constant entered on the B tab,with the results written to the C file.

Figure 95. Operation tab

Division: The A file is divided, pixel by pixel, by the B file and the results written to
the C file. It is also possible to divide each pixel of the A file by a constantentered on the B tab, with the results written to the C file.
MIN: The A file is compared, pixel by pixel, with the B file and the smaller of thetwo values written to the C file. It is also possible to compare each pixel of the A
file with a constant entered on the B tab, with the smaller of the two values
written to the C file.
MAX: The A file is compared, pixel by pixel, with the B file and the larger of thetwo values written to the C file. It is also possible to compare each pixel of the A
file with a constant entered on the B tab, with the larger of the two values written
to the C file.

Non-Linear Operations
Log10: The Log10 of the A file is computed pixel by pixel and the results written to
the C file.
Natural Log: The natural log of the A file is computed pixel by pixel and the results
written to the C file.
Square Root: The square root of each point in the A file is computed and the result
written to the corresponding point of the C file.
Squared: Each point in the A file is squared and the result written to thecorresponding point of the C file.
Absolute: The absolute value of each point in the A file is computed and the result
written to the corresponding point of the C file.

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Bitwise Operations
AND: A bitwise AND operation is performed on the binary representation of eachpixel of the A file and each pixel of the B file, with the result written to the C
file. A twelve-bit example follows.
Bits

Decimal Value

Pixel value in A

0 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 1 0 1

1365

Corresponding pixel value in B

000000111111

63

Result written to C

000000010101

21

OR: A bitwise OR operation is performed on the binary representation of each pixelof the A file and each pixel of the B file, with the result written to the C file. An
eight-bit example follows.
Bits

Decimal Value

Pixel value in A

0 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 1 0 1

1365

Corresponding pixel value in B

000000111111

63

Result written to C

010101111111

1407

Exclusive OR: A bitwise Exclusive OR operation is performed on the binary
representation of each pixel of the A file and each pixel of the B file, with theresult written to the C file. An eight-bit example follows.
Bits

Decimal Value

Pixel value in A

0 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 1 0 1

1365

Corresponding pixel value in B

000000111111

63

Result written to C

010101101010

1386

Complement: For each pixel value n in the A file, the corresponding value in the
output file C is set to -1-n. Otherwise stated, each 0 becomes a 1 and each 1 a 0.

Binary Operations
NOT: For each pixel in the A file, all non-zero values yield a zero, and all zero
values (only) yield a one. The resulting values are written to the corresponding
point of the C file.

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Procedure
1. Select the operation to be performed on the Operation tab.
2. Enter the first input filename on the A tab.
3. If the operation involves two files or one file and a constant, enter the second filename on the B tab or enter the value of the constant on the B tab.
4. If you want to process only part of the input images, change the Frame, X Range, andY Range values on the A tab, and also on the B tab if two files are involved.
Alternatively, use the mouse to draw an ROI in the active window and click the
Mouse button at the bottom of the dialog to enter those values.
5. Enter the name of the output file on the C tab. If you want to restrict the output data
range, change the Frame, X Range, and Y Range values as appropriate.
6. Select the output file datatype.
7. If you want the output file to be displayed as soon as the processing is complete,
check the Display Result box.
8. Click on OK to begin processing, or Cancel to cancel the operation.

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Chapter 11
Post-Acquisition Mask Processes
Introduction
Several post-acquisition mask processes, including Edge Enhancement, Sharpening,
Smoothing, a Custom Filter and Morphological Erode and Dilation operations, areprovided in the WinView/32 software. These processes all use the same Input and
Output tabs but have unique Parameters tabs. Since the Input and Output functionality isidentical for all of these processes, the Input and Output tabs are described below. The
Parameters tabs are described in the appropriate sections.

Figure 96. Input tab

Figure 97. Output tab

Input tab
The Input tab (Figure 96) selects the data to be operated on. You can specify the data
file, the frames within the file, and the X and Y range on the CCD. The input data-type isreported. Note that the Mouse button at the bottom of the window allows you to use themouse to specify the region to be processed. Simply drag a box in the data region of theactive window and then click on Mouse. The Frame and Range parameters willassume the values of the defined region. The Mouse button is only active when the
Input tab is selected.

Output tab
The Output tab (Figure 97) allows you to name the output file. It additionally allows
you to select whether the modified data is to be displayed and to select the data type. The
frame and X-Y range are reported information only.

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Edge Enhancement
Parameters tab
Edge enhancement is accomplished by mask
operations defined by parameters entered on the
Parameters tab. These functions can enhanceedges, sharpen or smooth features, or erode ordilate an image. How these images are processed isbriefly described below.
A mask is an n  n matrix (n is 3 for all
WinView/32 operations) that is placed over every n n subsection of the image. Each parameter in themask is multiplied by the corresponding value ofthe image. The results are summed and placed in
the central position in the output file. An example
will help illustrate the process.
The following is the Laplacian 1 mask, used toenhance edges.
Figure 98. Edge Enhancement|
Parameters tab

-1

-1

-1

-1

8

-1

-1

-1

-1

Here is an example of a 3  3 subsection of an image. The middle pixel has thecoordinates 100, 100.
20

20

19

20

21

20

20

19

20

Multiply each pair of corresponding numbers, and sum the products.
(-1  20) + (-1  20) + (-1  19) + (-1  20) +(8  21) + (-1  20) + (-1  20) + (-1  19) + (-1  20) = 10
The result is placed at position 100, 100 in the output image file. The mask is now placed
over the 9 pixels centered at 101, 100, and the procedure is repeated.

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Laplacian Masks
The three Laplacian masks on the Edge Enhancement dialog operate just as describedabove. Since the sum of the mask coefficients of the Laplacians sum to zero, the result ofa Laplacian operation on a region of uniform density is zero. Boundary features areenhanced by varying degrees.

Sobel Edge Detection
The Sobel edge detection method is more involved, but produces greatly enhanced
features. Number the squares of the subregion of the image as follows:
A0

A1

A7
A6

A2
A3

A5

A4

The replacement for the center cell, called R, is1
R = [X2 + Y2]½
where
X = (A2 + 2A3 + A4) - (A0 + 2A7 + A6)
Y = (A0 + 2A1 + A2) - (A6 + 2A5 + A4)
Figure 99 illustrates the effect of edge detection on an image.

Figure 99. Original Image (left) and Edge-detected Image (right)

Edge Enhancement Procedure
Use the following procedure to perform Edge Enhancement on an image.
1. Select Edge Enhancement from the Process menu.
2. Enter the Input Image and Output Image names.
3. On the Input tab, select the data frame containing the data on which the operation is
to be performed.

1 Pratt, William K., Digital Image Processing, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1978, pp.

487-488.

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4. If you want to process only part of the Input Image, enter the appropriate X-Y range
values. Alternatively, use the mouse to draw an ROI in the active window and click
the Mouse button at the bottom of the dialog to enter those values.
5. Select one of the Operations. Since image features vary widely, it is best to simply
try the different operations to determine the best one.
6. To set a specialized 3  3 mask, select User Defined and change the Kernalparameters to their new values.
7. Click on Apply to begin processing.

Sharpening Functions
Parameters tab
Sharpening is also accomplished by mask
operations, in this case parameters entered on the
Sharpening|Parameters tab. These masks,
sometimes called high pass filters, enhance regionsof high contrast while not affecting regions of low
contrast.

Sharpening Procedure
Use the following procedure to sharpen an image.
1. Select Sharpening from the Process menu.
2. Enter the Input Image and Output Image
names.
3. On the Input tab, select the data frame
containing the data on which the operation is
to be performed.
4. If you want to process only part of the Input
Figure 100. Sharpening|Parameters tab
Image, enter the appropriate X-Y range values.
Alternatively, use the mouse to draw an ROI in the active window and click the
Mouse button at the bottom of the dialog to enter those values.
5. Select one of the Operations. Since image features vary widely, it is best to simply
try the different operations to determine the best one.
6. To set a specialized 3  3 mask, select User Defined and change the Kernelparameters to their new values.
7. Click on Apply to begin processing.

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Smoothing Functions
Parameters tab
Smoothing is also accomplished by mask operations, inthis case parameters entered on the Smoothing|Parameters tab (Figure 102). These masks, sometimes
called low pass filters, attenuate regions with highcontrast, while leaving pixels in regions of low contrast
almost unchanged. Figure 101 illustrates the smoothingfilter effect.

Figure 101. Original Image (left) and Smoothed Image(right)Figure 102. Smoothing|Parameterstab

Smoothing Procedure
Use the following procedure to smooth an image.
1. Select Smoothing from the Process menu.
2. Enter the Input Image and Output Image names.
3. On the Input tab, select the data frame containing the data on which the operation is
to be performed.
4. If you want to process only part of the Input Image, enter the appropriate X-Y range
values. Alternatively, use the mouse to draw an ROI in the active window and click
the Mouse button at the bottom of the dialog to enter those values.
5. Select one of the Operations. Since image features vary widely, it is best to simply
try the different operations to determine the best one.
6. To set a specialized 3  3 mask, select User Defined and change the Kernalparameters to their new values.
7. Click on Apply to begin processing.

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Morphological Functions
Parameters tabMorphological operations are also accomplishedby mask operations, in this case parameters
entered on the Morphological|Parameters tab.
There are two basic morphological mask
operations, Erode and Dilate. The effect of the
Erode process is to reduce the size of a white
region, while Dilation increases it. All the options
except for Block and User Defined perform theoperation in a specific direction only. Blockperforms the operation in all directions.
Note: Depending on the software version,
Iterations and the Open and Close functions
may be grayed out as in Figure 103. If thesefeatures are not grayed out, Open is a number oferodes (specified by Iterations) followed by thesame number of dilates. Close performs thedilates first and then the erodes.
Figure 103. Morphological|Parameters

Examples of some morphological operations
tabfollow. References are found at the end of thischapter. In each case the same binary image is shown to the left and the morphologicallyprocessed image is shown to the right.

Figure 104. Original Image (left) and Dilated Image (right)

Figure 105. Original Image (left) and Eroded Image (right)

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Figure 106. Original Image (left) and Opened Image with Three Iterations (right)

Morphological Procedure
Use the following procedure to morphologically process an image.
1. Select Morphological from the Process menu.
2. Enter the Input Image and Output Image names.
3. On the Input tab, select the data frame containing the data on which the operation is
to be performed.
4. If you want to process only part of the Input Image, enter the appropriate X-Y range
values. Alternatively, use the mouse to draw an ROI in the active window and click
the Mouse button at the bottom of the dialog to enter those values.
5. Select the desired Mask Type and Mask Operation.
6. To set a specialized 3  3 mask, select User Defined and change the Kernelparameters to their new values.
7. Click on Apply to begin processing.

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Custom Filter
Filter Matrix tab
The Custom Filter|Filter Matrix tab
allows you to set the filter matrix
parameter values. The filter is applied
to the dataset specified via the Inputtab (page 115). The processed data is
saved in the file specified by the
Output tab (page 115).
Filtering is accomplished by mask
operations defined by parameters
entered in the matrix. These functions
can enhance edges, sharpen or smoothfeatures, or erode or dilate an image.
How these images are processed isbriefly described below.
Figure 107. Filter Matrix tab
A mask is an n  n matrix (n is 5, 7, 9
or 11) that is placed over every n  nsubsection of the image. Each parameter in the mask is multiplied by the corresponding
value of the image. The results are summed and placed in the central position in the
output file. Users can specify the Filter Size (5×5, 7×7, 9×9 or 11×11). The Filter Sum isdisplayed in the adjacent box.

The Load Defaults button sets the matrix parameters to their factory-default values.
When you click on this button, you will see a warning message "Will erase Data for
ALL Filter Sizes; Continue?" with Yes/No. "Yes" will erase ALL filter data before
loading the factory default values.

Custom Filter Procedure
Use the following procedure to apply a custom filter to an image.
1. Select Custom Filter from the Process menu.
2. Enter the Input Image and Output Image names.
3. On the Input tab, select the data frame containing the data on which the operation is
to be performed.
4. If you want to process only part of the Input Image, enter the appropriate X-Y range
values. Alternatively, use the mouse to draw an ROI in the active window and click
the Mouse button at the bottom of the dialog to enter those values.
5. Define the filter by entering the appropriate values into the matrix.
6. Click on Apply to begin processing.

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Look Up Table
Look Up Table tab
The Look Up Table function uses an
ASCII text file, provided by the user, totranslate pixel intensities from an input
file into different intensities in an output
file. The input file must be a raw data file(unsigned 16-bit image) since the Look Up
Table mapping assumes a 0-65536 range
of intensity values in the input file. The
map file is a previously created text file(refer to pages 124 and 125 for descriptionsof the LUT formats) that must be
converted to a binary map file for theactual operation. After the text file isselected, clicking on the Create Binary
LUT button converts the text information
to binary format. Clicking on Apply thenremaps the image intensities and redraws
the data display window appropriately.

Figure 108. Look-Up Table

Look Up Table Procedure
Use the following procedure to process data using the LUT.
1. Select Look Up Table from the Process menu.
2. Using the Input and Output tabs, enter the Input and Output file names.
3. On the Input tab, select the data frame containing the data on which the operation is
to be performed.
4. If you want to process only part of the Input Image, enter the appropriate X-Y range
values. Alternatively, use the mouse to draw an ROI in the active window and click
the Mouse button at the bottom of the dialog to enter those values.
5. Load the LUT. LUT files must be of the type *.TXT. The file name can be entereddirectly or selected by using the browser (clicking on the button at the end of the
field opens the browser).
6. Click on the Create Binary LUT button to convert the text-LUT to binary.
7. Click on Apply to begin convert the input data values to the output values specified
per the LUT.

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Look Up Table Formats
The contents of a look-up table text file are entered using an ASCII text editor and thefile is saved with a .TXT extension. The format used within the file depends on the typeof remapping: one-to-one remapping of intensity levels or a user-defined selection of
input to output values.

Format 1
This format is for a one-to-one mapping of intensity levels. Imin and Imax (the minimum
and maximum input levels, inclusive) are supplied in the first line with a commadelimiter. The subsequent values are supplied one output value per line. The mapping
assumes that all of the input intensities in the specified range are represented by an
output value. Therefore, the number of output values in the text file must cover the range[(Imax-Imin) + 1]. Input levels below Imin are mapped to the value of Ofirst and input
levels above Imax are mapped to the value of Olast.
Imin,Imax

Imin,Imax represents inclusive input range to be remapped

OfirstOfirst is the output value for Imin (or I1)

O2

O2 is the output value for I2

O3

O3 is the output value for I3

O4

O4 is the output value for I4

.

.

.

.

.

.

Olast

Olast is the output value for Imax

Example: The following example is for a one-to-one mapping. As stated previously, theentries after Imin and Imax are output levels. Based on the Imin and Imax values, there
are 5 output values [(7-3) +1]. In this example, every input intensity less than 3 (Imin)gets mapped to 20, 3 (Imin) is mapped to 20, 7 (Imax) is mapped to 10, and every input
intensity greater than 7 (Imax) is mapped to 10 (Olast). Input intensities 4, 5, and 6 aremapped to 22, 23, and 26 respectively.
3,7
20
22
23
26
10

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Format 2
This format is not a one-to-one mapping in that input intensities between Imin and Imax,
inclusive, can be omitted from the list of In,Out pairs. Imin and Imax (the minimum andmaximum input levels, inclusive) are supplied in the first line with a comma delimiter.
This format expects an arbitrary number of entries in the form of In,Out and the In,Out
pairs may be listed in any order. The In value must be between Imin and Imax, inclusive.
Anything less than Imin is mapped to the first Input mapping. Anything greater than
Imax gets mapped the output value of the last In,Out pair. Any input value not specified
in an In,Out pair is mapped to zero.
Imin,Imax

Imin,Imax represents inclusive input range to be remapped

Ifirst,Ofirst

Ofirst is the output value for Ifirst and for any intensity < Imin

I,O

I is the input value and O is the output value

I,O

O3 is the output value for I3I,O

O4 is the output value for I4

.

.

.

.

.

.

Ilast,Olast

Olast is the output value for Ilast and for any intensity > Imax

Example: The following is a custom mapping. As stated previously, the entries after
Imin and Imax represent are input,output levels. Imin and Imax are 3 and 7 respectively.
Everything less than 3 gets mapped to 13 (the first In,Out mapping). Everything greaterthan 7 gets mapped to 12 (the last In,Out mapping). Since input values 3 and 4 are notrepresented in an In,Out pair, these intensities will be mapped to 0.
3,7
6,13
5,11
7,12

References
To explore in further detail the theory and techniques of digital image processing, wesuggest the following texts:
1. Digital Image Processing, Gregory A. Baxes, Cascade Press, Denver, CO, 1984.
ISBN: 0-945591-00-4.
2. Digital Image Processing, R. C. Gonzalez, P. Wintz, Addison-Wesley, Reading,MA, 1977. ISBN: 0-201-11026-1.
3. Digital Picture Processing, A. Rosenfeld, A. C. Kak, Vol. 1 & 2, Academic Press,
New York, 1982. ISBN (Vol. 1): 0-12-1597-301-2, ISBN (Vol. 2): 0-12-597-302-0.
4. Digital Image Processing, W. K. Pratt, John Wiley, New York, 1978. ISBN: 0-47101888-0.

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Chapter 12
Additional Post-Acquisition Processes
Introduction
The processes included in this chapter are accessible from Processes menu. These
processes all use the same Input and Output tabs but have unique Parameters tabs.
Since the Input and Output functionality is identical for all of these processes, the Input
and Output tabs are described below. The Parameters tabs are described in theappropriate sections.

Input tab
The Input tab (Figure 109) selects the data to be operated on. You can specify the data
file, the frames within the file, and the X and Y range on the CCD. The input data-type isreported. Note that the Mouse button at the bottom of the window allows you to use themouse to specify the region to be processed. Simply drag a box in the data region of theactive window and then click on Mouse. The Frame and Range parameters willassume the values of the defined region. The Mouse button is only active when the
Input tab is selected.

Figure 109. Input tab

Figure 110. Output tab

Output tab
The Output tab (Figure 110) allows you to name the output file. It additionally allows
you to select whether the modified data is to be displayed and to select the data type. The
frame and X-Y range are reported information only.

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Threshold and Clipping
Clipping an image causes pixels outside thespecified range to be changed. When Clip High isselected, all pixels with values greater than the
Clip High value will be changed to the Clip Highvalue. When Clip Low is selected, all pixels withvalues less than the Clip Low value will bechanged to the Clip Low value. Selecting Clip
Both will use both Clip High and Clip low values
during the same processing step.
The Threshold function converts an image tobinary (black and white). All intensity values
below the threshold setting are zero (black). All
those above become ones (white).

Procedure
1. Select Clipping/Threshold from theProcess menu.
2. On the Input tab, if the correct input image
does not appear in the Input Image box,
enter the complete file name or search for afile using the browser, accessed by the button
to the right of the field.

Figure 111. Threshold andClipping|Parameters tab

3. On the Input tab, select the data frame containing the data on which the operation is
to be performed.
4. If you want to process only part of the Input Image, enter the appropriate X-Y range
values. Alternatively, use the mouse to draw an ROI in the active window and click
the Mouse button at the bottom of the dialog to enter those values.
5. On the Parameters tab, if a clipping operation is to be performed, select theclipping option as described above. For a threshold operation, set the threshold levelto the desired value.
6. Enter the name of the Output Image on the Output tab. In later editions of thesoftware, it will additionally be possible to specify an output frame and data range.
7. Click on Apply to begin processing.

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Cross Section
Introduction
Selecting Cross Section
on the Process menu
opens the Cross Section
dialog, which allows you
to separately display andstore horizontal andvertical cross sections ofan image. Figure 112
shows two X-axis crosssections based on the same
ROI. The upper data isaveraged; the lower data issummed.

Figure 112. Example Cross Sections of an ROIProcedure
1. Select Cross Section from the Processmenu.
2. On the Input tab, if the correct input image
does not appear in the Input Image box, enter
the complete file name or search for a fileusing the browser, accessed by the button to
the right of the field.
3. On the Input tab, select the data frame
containing the data on which the operation is
to be performed.
4. If you want to process only part of the Input
Image, enter the appropriate X-Y range values.
Alternatively, draw an ROI in the active
window using the mouse and click the Mousebutton at the bottom of the dialog to enter
those values.

Figure 113. Cross Section|Parameterstab
5. On the Parameters tab, select either Sum or
Average. If Sum is selected, all pixel values
in the X, Y, or Z direction, according to whether X-Cross Section, Y-Cross Section
or Z-Cross Section is selected, will be summed to generate the output. If Average isselected, the average of all of the pixel values in the X, Y, or Z direction will besummed to produce the output.

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6. On the Parameters tab, select X-Cross Section, Y-Cross Section or Z-Cross
Section, whichever is wanted.
7. Enter the name of the Output file on the Output tab. In later editions of the software,
it will additionally be possible to specify an output frame and data range.
8. Click on Apply to begin processing.

Binning and Skipping
Introduction
Selecting Binning on the Process menu opens
the Binning and Skipping dialog, whichallows binning to be accomplished in software
after the data has been collected. The
Parameters tab allows the bin size to be set
independently in the X and Y directions. The
Skipping parameter allows you to define theinterval between binned regions. The Skipping
parameter size can be independently set for X
and Y. There is also provision for either
averaging or summing the binned data points. If
Average is selected, each output data value willbe the average of the binned data values in eachregion. If Average is unselected, each output
data value will be the sum of the binned data
values. The procedure follows.

Procedure
1. Select Binning and Skipping from theProcess menu.

Figure 114. Post-processing Binning andSkipping|Parameters tab

2. On the Input tab, if the correct input image does not appear in the Input Image box,
enter the complete file name or search for a file using the browser, accessed by the
button to the right of the field.
3. On the Input tab, select the data frame containing the data on which the operation is
to be performed.
4. If you want to process only part of the Input Image, enter the appropriate X-Y range
values. Alternatively, use the mouse to draw an ROI in the active window and click
the Mouse button at the bottom of the dialog to enter those values.
5. On the Parameters tab, set the X and Y bin size.
6. On the Parameters tab, select Average if the binned data values are to beaveraged. If the Average box is left unchecked, the binned values will be summed.
7. On the Parameters tab, set the Skip X and Y values. Data points that fall in the skip
zones do not contribute to the output. Skip values of zero are allowable, that is, no points
will be skipped. Leftover points at the end of a strip or column are discarded.
8. Enter the name of the Output file on the Output tab. In later editions of the software,
it will additionally be possible to specify an output frame and data range.
9. Click on Apply to begin processing.

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Binning and Skipping Restrictions and Limitations
The following are some restrictions and limitations of the Binning and Skipping
function.
This function can resize an image down to a minimum of 1 pixel but
WinView/32 cannot display an image less than 2 × 2 pixels.

May cause data overflow in the output image if the output data type is selected
as "integer." If data to be binned will exceed 32,000 counts, select Unint or
Long.



The maximum binning and skipping size is the size of the input image. When the
maximum is reached, to increase the binning size you must first decrease theskipping size, then increase the binning size.

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Histogram Calculation
Introduction
Two types of histograms are available for graphing the distribution of intensities of animage. The Histogram operation groups pixels of a similar intensity together. The Xaxis indicates the intensity, and the Y-axis displays the number of pixels in that intensity
range.
The Cumulative Histogram operation groups pixels of a similar intensity together,once again using the X-axis to show intensity. This time, however, the Y-axis indicates
the total number of pixels with intensity less than or equal to the range. Thus the
Cumulative Histogram is always an increasing function.

Procedure
1. Select Histogram from the Process menu.
2. On the Input tab, if the correct input image
does not appear in the Input Image box, enter
the complete file name or search for a fileusing the browser, accessed by the button to
the right of the field.
3. On the Input tab, select the data frame
containing the data on which the operation is
to be performed.
4. If you want to process only part of the Input
Image, enter the appropriate X-Y range values.
Alternatively, use the mouse to draw an ROI
in the active window and click the Mousebutton at the bottom of the dialog to enter
those values.
On the Parameters tab, select either
Histogram or Cumulative Histogram,whichever is wanted.

Figure 115. Post-processing Histogram|
Parameters tab

5. On the Parameters tab, under Values, enter the Low Intensity and HighIntensity values. These are the Y-Max and Y-min. Then enter the Group Size,
which is the range of intensity that the software will group together as a single data
point. In other words, if the Group Size is 50, pixels having intensities in the range of
1-50 will be counted and graphed as a single point on the histogram.
6. Enter the name of the Output file on the Output tab. In later editions of the software,
it will additionally be possible to specify an output frame and data range.
7. Click on Apply to begin processing.

Chapter 13
Printing
Introduction
WinView/32 can be used to print images directly. Methods are listed below both fordirect printing and for using the clipboard to transfer the image to another program forprinting.

Setting up the Printer
1. Open the file you want toprint. Make sure thatwindow is the active one.
From the File menu, open
the Print Setup dialog(Figure 116).
2. The Print Setup dialog issimilar to that found inmany Windows programs.
You can use the default
printer or select a specificprinter from the list of
installed devices. For
information on installing
printer drivers, consult theWindows documentation.

Figure 116. Print Setup dialog

The Properties button shows more features of the selected printer driver – again, astandard Windows feature.
3. Select the Paper Size and Source. The Landscape format (where the paper iswider than it is tall) is probably the best way to print out data.
4. Click on OK to execute the printer setup selections or Cancel to exit the dialog
leaving the original settings unchanged.

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Printing Directly from
WinView/32
This procedure assumes you
have already set up the printeryou will be using.
1. From the File menu, open the
Print dialog (Figure 117).
2. Select the number of copies
and pages (if a file contains
multiple frames, each will be
printed as a separate page).
3. Click on OK to initiate theprint.

Figure 117. Print dialog

Notes:
1. Once the Print Setup is properly configured, you can print the active window simply
by selecting Print from the File menu (shortcut Alt, F, P) or by clicking on the Print
button in the standard toolbar.
2. Color mapping to the printer may differ from that shown on the screen. To obtain thedesired output color mapping, you may wish to do a screen capture and then paste
the image into a graphics program for final adjustment before printing.

Print Preview
The Print Preview function gives you a quick idea of how the printed image will look. It
produces an "on-screen print" that looks as closely as possible like a "real" print, allowingchanges in the printer setup to be made quickly and conveniently. Figure 118 illustrates thePrint Preview window.

Figure 118. Print Preview windowChapter 13

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135

The button functions are as follows:
Print…: Opens the Print dialog so a print can be initiated.
Next Page: If the file contains multiple frames, each one will occupy a different page.
The Next Page button allows you to step forward sequentially through all
available pages. If the file contains only one image, the Next Page button will begrayed out.
Prev Page: Allows you to step backwards sequentially through the pages of a multiple
image file.
Two Page: Causes two pages to be displayed at a time in a side-by-side layout.
Zoom In: Allows you to zoom in on the previewed page, allowing a selected area to be
examined in detail. There are two zoom levels. Note that, if not at full zoom, thecursor becomes a "magnifying glass" if positioned on the image area.
Zoom Out: Allows you to return to the normal (unzoomed) preview display.
Close: Closes the Print Preview window and returns you to the normal WinView/32
display.

Printing a Screen Capture
It is also possible to do a screen capture of the entire WinView/32 window. This is thebest way to capture such information as cross sections, scaling, and color lookup tables.
A limitation of screen shots is that the resulting image is based on the resolution of themonitor, not the resolution of the image. For a 1 million pixel CCD, even a 600 × 800
video mode is not enough to show all the pixel information.
1. Display the desired image or images in WinView/32. Click once on the WinView/32
title bar to make this the active window.
2. Press Alt + Print Screen. This copies the entire contents of the WinView/32
window, including image or graph displays and dialog windows, to the clipboard.
Note: Alternatively, press Ctrl+C or select Copy on the Edit menu to copy an
image to the clipboard. This function only works on image displays and only on theimage itself (i.e., scales and cross section information is not transferred). However,it has an advantage in that the full resolution of the image is retained.
Many text editors and graphics programs allow images to be pasted directly from the
clipboard. Paint Shop Pro, a shareware program, is one example of an inexpensive
program that can edit and save clipboard screen shots.
1. Open the application. Open a new file within that application.
2. Select Paste from the Edit menu. This will place the contents of the clipboard into
the application. If the image seems cut off, try opening a bigger blank image before
pasting the clipboard. The image is now an 8-bit color or grayscale image.
3. Crop the image, if desired. This feature is available in almost any image editing program.
4. Select Print from the File menu. Print the file.
5. Save the file, if desired. TIFF is an excellent image format for either grayscale or color
shots.
Note: Screen-capture images lose the high dynamic range of the original. The Copy
function (Ctrl+C) retains the full resolution of the data file.

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Saving as TIF and Printing
It is also possible to save an image file directly to 8-bit Tif or 16-bit TIFF format byusing the Save As function on the File menu. The resulting file could then be copied toa graphics editing program for further processing and then printed.
Images saved as 8-bit Tif can be opened with a variety of programs (for example,
Imaging for Windows (Kodak), Microsoft® Paint, Jasc® Paint Shop Pro®, or Adobe®
Photoshop®). The 16-bit TIFF format is not as widely supported. Images saved in thisformat can be opened and processed with Adobe Photoshop.

Chapter 14
Pulser Operation
Introduction
Four different
pulser/timing generators
are available for use with
WinView/32. To beavailable, pulser support
must have been installed
as described in the
Installation chapter.
Pulser support is thenFigure 119. Pulsers dialog
accessed by selecting
Pulsers on the Setup menu and then selecting the pulser to be used with the system.
Available selections include the Princeton Instruments brand PG200 Pulser, thePrinceton Instruments brand Programmable Timing Generator (PTG) plug-in module for
the ST-133 (high power ver. 3+), the Stanford Research Systems DG535 Digital
Delay/Pulse Generator with Inhibit Option, and the SuperSYNCHRO. The Model PG200
is available for all Princeton Instruments intensified detectors except the PI-MAX familyof intensified cameras. The PI-MAX and PI-MAX2 require the PTG or DG535. In thecase of the PI-MAX3 camera (which has an internal controller), its internal pulser is theSuperSYNCHRO. All four pulser/timing generators are programmable from
WinView/32. Consult the applicable hardware manuals for detailed instructions on setup
and connection to other devices.

PG200 Programmable Pulse Generator
The PG200 is programmed via one of the serial ports of the computer, such as COM1 orCOM2. The choices provided by the tabs are the same ones that are available using the
PG200 front panel. Basic PG200 operation is reviewed in the following procedure.
1. Make sure the PG200 is connected to one of the serial ports of the computer. Lateryou will tell WinView/32 the name of this port (COM1, COM2, etc.). The software
cannot automatically detect the location of the PG200.
2. Following the intensifier precautions listed in the hardware manuals, turn on the
PG200 Pulser and wait for it to initialize. If the PG200 is not turned on, theWinView/32 software cannot program it.
3. Select Setup, then Pulsers, then PG200. Then click on the Setup Pulser button to
open the PG200 dialog. If PG200 is grayed out on the Pulsers dialog, PG200
pulser support has not been installed.
4. Click on the Comm Port tab.
5. Select the Comm Port type, Serial or Demo. Serial must be selected to control the PG200.
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6. Select the PG200 Comm Port.
Generally, the mouse is connected to
COM1 and the Pulser is connected toCOM2. COM ports 1 through 8 canbe selected.
7. Once you have selected the correct
port, click on Initialize Port, which
will cause the software to search for thepulser. If it cannot find the pulser on
the specified port, such as would occur
if the pulser were not turned on or if itwere connected to a different port, youwill get an error message. If thishappens, check the cable connections,check that the pulser is powered, or try
a different Comm port.
Figure 120. PG200|Comm Port tab

8. Click on the Triggers tab(Figure 121).
9. Select the Trigger mode, either
Internal, in which the PG200 freeruns, or External, in which it istriggered from an external source.
10. If operating in the Internal trigger
mode, set the Trigger Frequency in
Hz. Consult the PG200 Manual todetermine the maximum Trigger
Frequency for a given set of
conditions.
The PG200 Delay Trigger and
Auxiliary Trigger outputs, areprogrammed from the Triggers tab.
Figure 121. PG200|Triggers tab
They produce trigger outputs that aresynchronized to and delayed from thetrigger (Trigger Sync mode) or from the trailing edge of the gate pulse (Gate Sync
mode). In the Gate Sync mode, as the gate pulse changes its position and width, thetrigger outputs remain synchronized with the gate, moving with it. In the Trigger Sync
mode, the trigger outputs do not sweep with the gate but maintain their initial position.
The Delayed Trigger and Auxiliary Trigger outputs are independently programmable.

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Programming the Delayed Trigger and Auxiliary Trigger Outputs
1. Set the Delay Trigger and Aux Trigger initial delay.
2. Set the Delay Trigger output to be synchronized to either the Trigger or the Gate
pulse.
3. Set the Aux Trigger output to besynchronized to either the Trigger or
the Gate pulse.
4. Click on the Gating tab(Figure 122).
5. Select Repetitive or Sequential
and then click on the adjacent
Setup button. For safety, theGating Mode (HV Pulsing)selection should be Disabled.
Note: In setting the PG200 gating
parameters, whether for Repetitive
or Sequential operation, see your
PG200 Manual for pulse width anddelay limitations. Note that gate
Figure 122. PG200|Gating tab
pulses are capacitively coupled inmany Princeton Instruments
intensified camera heads, so high duty cycles and gate widths longer than 1 msec
may lead to reduced gating efficiency.
Repetitive Mode
If Repetitive is selected, the Repetitive
Gating setup dialog will appear as
shown in Figure 123. In the Repetitive
gating mode, the Gate Width and Gate
Delay remain constant over the courseof the measurement. Set the Gate Widthand Gate Delay to the desired values
and click on OK. The Repetitive
Gating Setup dialog will close andyou will return to the PG200 dialog.

Figure 123. PG200|Repetitive Gating Setup
dialogSequential Mode
If Sequential is selected, the Sequential Gating Setup dialog will appear as shownin Figure 124. In the Sequential Gating mode, the Gate Width and Gate Delay do not
remain constant but change either linearly (Fixed) or exponentially as themeasurement progresses. Fixed is suited to sweeping over a time interval to locate
and recover an event that takes place at the same time with each iteration.
Exponential is well suited to fluorescence decay experiments where the effect understudy changes rapidly at the start of an experiment and then slower and slower,
following a logarithmic curve, as the experiment progresses.
If the measurement is to be done in the sequential gating mode, set the gating
parameters (see “Sequential Mode Parameters” on page 153for more information)
as appropriate for your intended measurement and click on OK. The Sequential
Gating Setup dialog will close and you will return to the PG200 dialog.

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Figure 124. PG200|Sequential Gating Setup dialog

1. Click on the Gating tab.
2. Select Gating Mode (HV Pulsing) Enabled to start gating the intensifier. Be sure
you have followed all intensifier precautions stated in the hardware manuals before
making this selection.
3. Click the Apply Changed Settings button. This writes all changed parameters to
the PG200. It may take several seconds, depending on the number of parameters thathave been changed. To set all of the parameters, click on the Apply All Settings
button.
4. Click on OK to close the dialog.

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DG535 Digital Delay/Pulse Generator
The DG535 is programmed via the IEEE-488 GPIB port of the computer (default GPIB
address is 15). The choices provided by the tabs are the same ones that are available using theDG535 front panel. Basic DG535 operation is reviewed in the following procedure. The
individual tab selections are discussed in detail in the online Help topics.
Note: The DG535 is used to control the
PI-MAX gate functions. If the system isequipped with a PI-MAX camera, the Camera
State dialog (Figure 125) will appear when thesoftware is started. Although the software
always initially places the PI-MAX in Safe
mode, you have the option of restarting with thelast setting (Shutter Mode or Gate Mode).
Figure 125. Camera State dialog

1. Make sure the DG535 isconnected to the computer’sIEEE-488 GPIB port. Lateryou will tell WinView/32 theDG535’s GPIB address. The
default setting is 15.
2. Following all intensifierprecautions listed in the
hardware manuals, turn on the
DG535 and wait for it toinitialize. If the DG535 is notturned on, the WinView/32
software will not be able toprogram it.
3. Select Setup and thenPulsers to open the Pulsers
dialog.

Figure 126. DG535 dialog

4. Select DG535. Then click on
the Setup DG535 button. The DG535 dialog will open.

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5. Click on the Comm Port tab(Figure 127).
6. For the Port Type selectGPIB. Then set the Port
Address to the GPIB addressof the DG535. Default setting
is 15.
7. Once you have selected thecorrect port address, click on
Initialize Port. If the software
cannot find the pulser on thisport, such as if the pulser is
not turned on or if the address
setting incorrect, you will get
an error message. If thishappens, check the address,
check the cable connections
and check that the pulser ispowered.

Figure 127. DG535|Comm Port tab

8. Click on the Triggers tab(Figure 128).
9. Select the Trigger mode,
either Internal, in which the
DG535 free runs, orExternal, in which it istriggered from an externalsource.
10. If operating in the Internal
trigger mode, set the Trigger
Frequency in Hz. Consult
the DG535 Manual todetermine the maximum
Trigger Frequency that can beused in your application.
11. If operating in the External
trigger mode, specify the
Slope, Threshold, andTermination appropriate forthe trigger source.

Figure 128. DG535|Triggers tab

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12. Click on the Gating tab tobring the Gating tab to thefront.
13. Select Repetitive or
Sequential and then click on
the adjacent Setup button.
Repetitive Mode
If Repetitive is selected, theRepetitive Gating setup dialog
will appear (Figure 130). In
this mode, the Gate Width andGate Delay remain constantover the course of themeasurement.
If operating in the Repetitive
Gating mode, simply set the
Figure 129. DG535|Gating tab
Gate Width and Gate Delay tothe desired values and clickon OK. The Repetitive Gating Setup dialog will close and you will return to the
DG535 dialog.
Sequential Mode: If
Sequential is selected,
the Sequential Gating
Setup dialog will appear
as shown in Figure 131.
In the Sequential Gating
mode, the Gate Widthand Gate Delay do not
remain constant butchange either linearly or
exponentially as themeasurement progresses.

Figure 130. DG535|Repetitive Gating Setup

Linear is suited to
sweeping over a timeinterval to locate andrecover and event thattakes place at thesame time with each
iteration.
Exponential is well
suited tofluorescence decay
experiments where
the effect understudy changes
rapidly at the start ofan experiment andFigure 131. DG535|Sequential Gating Setup dialog

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then slower and slower, following a logarithmic curve, as the experiment
progresses. The resulting data points can be spline-fitted to generate thecomplete curve so that the decay constant can be calculated, even where thedata derives from two decay processes occurring simultaneously.
If the measurement is to be done in the sequential gating mode, set the gating
parameters (see “Sequential Mode Parameters” on page 153 for more
information) as appropriate for your intended measurement and click on OK.
The Sequential Gating Setup dialog will close and you return to the
DG535 dialog.
14. Select Bracket Pulsing On or Off.
Note: Bracket pulsing is only useful in low duty factor gated measurements in the
UV with the PI-MAX camera. See your PI-MAX manual for detailed information.
15. After you have finished setting up the parameters, click on Download to DG535.
This writes all of the parameter values to the DG535.
16. Click on OK to close the window.
Note: The DG535 can also be controlled interactively as data is being collected.

Programmable Timing Generator (PTG)
Unlike the PG200 and the DG535, the PTG is not a free-standing instrument but rather aplug-in module designed for installation in a special version of the ST-133 Controller.
This novel and highly integrated approach to timing generator design, with its advanced
high-speed electronics, low insertion delay and programmable functions, achieves
superior performance as the ultimate gate controller for the PI-MAX Intensified Camera.
Basic PTG operation is reviewed in the following procedure. The individual tab
selections are discussed in detail in the online Help topics.
Note: The gate functions of the PI-MAX camera
are controlled by the PTG. If the system isequipped with a PI-MAX camera, the Camera Statedialog (Figure 132) will appear when the softwareis started. Although the software always initiallyplaces the PI-MAX in Safe mode, you have theoption of restarting with the last setting (Shutter
Mode or Gate Mode).

Figure 132. Camera State dialog

1. Following the intensifier precautions stated in
the hardware manuals, turn on the Controller(PTG installed). If the Controller is not turned
on, the WinView/32 software will not be able
to control the PTG.
2. On the Setup menu select Pulsers to open
the Pulsers dialog.
3. Select PTG. Then click on the Setup Pulser
button. The PTG dialog (Figure 134) will open.
If PTG is grayed out on the Pulsers dialog,
PTG support has not been installed.

Figure 133. Pulsers dialog

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4. Select the Trigger mode, either
Internal, in which the PTG free runs,
or External, in which it is triggered
from an external source.
5. If operating in the Internal trigger
mode, set the trigger Frequency inHz.
6. If operating in the External trigger
mode, specify the Threshold, Slope,
Coupling, Termination, and Gate
Delay From appropriate for the trigger
source. Note that the gate delay fromthe T0 connector is approximately
24 nsec.
7. Click on the Gating tab(Figure 135).

Figure 134. PTG|Triggers tab

8. Select Repetitive or Sequential andthen click on the adjacent Setup
button.
Repetitive Mode
If Repetitive is selected, the Repetitive
Gating setup dialog will appear as shownin Figure 136. In the Repetitive gating
mode, the Gate Width and Gate Delayremain constant over the course of themeasurement. If operating in the
Repetitive Gating mode, simply set theGate Width and Gate Delay to thedesired values and click on OK. The
Repetitive Gating Setup dialog willclose and you will return to the PTG
dialog.

Figure 135. PTG|Gating tab

Sequential Mode
If Sequential is selected, theSequential Gating Setup dialog willappear as shown in Figure 137. In the
Sequential Gating mode, the Gate
Width and Gate Delay do not remain
constant but change either linearly(Fixed) or exponentially as themeasurement progresses.
Figure 136. PTG|Repetitive Gating Setup

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Figure 137. PTG|Sequential Gating Setup box

Fixed is suited to sweeping over a time interval to locate and recover an event thattakes place at the same time with each iteration. Exponential is well suited tofluorescence decay experiments where the effect under study changes rapidly at thestart of an experiment and then slower and slower, following a logarithmic curve, as
the experiment progresses. In any case, if the measurement is to be done in thesequential gating mode, set the gating parameters (see "Sequential Mode
Parameters" on page 153 for more information) as appropriate for your intended
measurement and click on OK. The Sequential Gating Setup dialog will close andyou return to the PTG dialog.

9. Select Burst ON or OFF. If you select ON, each trigger will initiate a burst of gate
pulses. Set the number of pulses in the burst and their period.
Note: If Burst and Bracket Pulsing are both selected, the entire burst will bebracketed but not the individual pulses within a burst. When both of these modes areactive, you must select Main+Burst for the Bracket Start.
10. Select Bracket Pulsing ON or OFF.
Note: Bracket pulsing is only useful in low duty factor gated measurements in the
UV with the PI-MAX camera. See your PI-MAX system manual for detailed
information.
11. If you select Bracket Pulsing ON, next select the Bracket Start appropriate to yoursetup. Keep in mind that the on/off switching of the MCP bracket pulsing is slow,
taking about 500 nsec to turn on and 200 nsec to turn off.
The Bracket Start choices are:

Main: Main times the bracket start from the main trigger (either an external or aninternal trigger). Select this if the event of interest will occur at least 1 µsec after
the main trigger (the 1 µsec includes the 500 nsec required to turn the MCP fullyon).

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



147

Main+Burst: Select this if Burst mode is active. Brackets an entire burst but not
the individual pulses within a burst.
Pre-Trigger: Allows you to capture an event that would otherwise occur while
the MCP was turning on. This selection requires that, in addition to the main
trigger at Ext Trig In, you trigger the PTG by a pulse applied to the Pre-Trig In
BNC. The pre-trigger must be at least 525 nsec before the main trigger. After an
insertion delay of approximately 25 nsec, the MCP will be gated on before themain trigger occurs. The main trigger plus the gate delay and width parameters
determine the photocathode gating and the MCP turn off. Because the MCP isgated on earlier, it is on for a longer period of time and therefore there is a slight
loss of on/off ratio. However, you would be able to capture a non-repetitive
event.
Anticipator: Select this if the experiment is repetitive, driven by an external
trigger at a constant frequency, and the event of interest would occur before the
MCP has fully turned on. It is critical that the trigger pulse be as jitter free as
possible, since the anticipator circuit will look at the pulse repetition rate (for the
first pulse to pulse period), and then anticipate each of the subsequent external
triggers in the series. In this way, the bracketing pulse is timed to lead thephotocathode gate pulse by the anticipate time entered in the Anticipate By
field. The on/off ratio in the UV is retained.

For proper operation, the bracketing pulse must begin at least 500 nsec before thegate pulse. The minimum Anticipator Time is 500 nsec (or the minimum PI-MAX
bracket lead-time from EEPROM) minus the minimum Gate Delay time. For
example, with a minimum Gate Delay time of 200 nsec, the minimum Anticipatortime would be 300 nsec.
12. The Aux. Trig. Out tab sets the delay time of the Auxiliary Trigger Output withrespect to the PTG trigger time. The minimum delay is 24 nsec and the longest is
10 msec. The resolution is 0.04 nsec. The auxiliary timer's output is available
through the Aux. Trig. Out rear panel BNC for triggering other system components.
The Automate for Single Trigger Kinetics Delay check box will only appear ifyou have set up the PTG for single trigger kinetics. When this box is checked, theDelay from T0 box will be grayed out and the Delay from T0 will be automaticallycalculated from the gate width + gate delay times whenever either or both of thesetimes is changed.

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Figure 138. PTG|Aux. Trig. Out tab

13. Click the OK button. This writes all of the parameter values to the PTG.
Note: The PTG can also be controlled interactively as data is being collected. For
more information, see Timing Generator Interactive Trigger Setup, starting on
page 156.

SuperSYNCHRO Timing Generator
SuperSYNCHRO is a timing generator that has been designed into the PI-MAX3. Basic
SuperSYNCHRO operation is reviewed in the following procedure.
Note: The gate functions of the PI MAX3 camera are controlled by theSuperSYNCHRO. Because the system is equipped with a PI-MAX3 camera, theCamera State dialog will appear when the software is started. Although the software
always initially places the PI-MAX3 in Safe mode, you have the option of restarting withthe last mode setting.

Figure 139. Camera State dialog

Procedure
1. Following the intensifier precautions stated in the PI-MAX3 system manual, turn on
the PI-MAX3. Then start the WinView/32 software.
2. On the Setup menu select Pulsers to open the Pulsers dialog.

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Figure 140. Pulsers dialog

3. Select SuperSYNCHRO. Then click on the Setup Pulser button. The
SuperSYNCHRO dialog will open.

Figure 141. SuperSYNCHRO dialog

4. Select the Trigger In mode, either Internal, in which SuperSYNCHRO free runs, orExternal, in which it is triggered from an external source.
5. If operating in the Internal trigger mode, set the trigger Frequency in Hz.
6. If operating in the External trigger mode, specify the Threshold, Slope,
Coupling, and Impedance appropriate for the trigger source.

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Figure 142. SuperSYNCHRO|Gating tab

7. If the PI-MAX3 has a Gen II intensifier, you can turn Bracket Pulsing On or Off.
When it is turned On, the MCP will be biased OFF except for an interval thatbrackets the timing of the photocathode gate. This minimizes optical leakage throughthe photocathode to the UV-sensitive MCP when the photocathode is gated Off.
Bracket pulsing does not help in the visible region.
Note: Bracket pulsing is only useful in low duty factor gated measurements in the
UV with the PI-MAX3 camera. See your PI-MAX3 system manual for detailed
information.
8. Click on the Gating tab.
9. Select Repetitive or Sequential and then click on the adjacent Setup button.
Repetitive Mode
If Repetitive is selected, the Repetitive Gating Setup dialog will appear. In the
Repetitive Gating mode, the Gate Width and Gate Delay remain constant over the courseof the measurement. If operating in the Repetitive Gating mode, simply set the Gate
Width and Gate Delay to the desired values and click on OK. The Repetitive Gating
Setup dialog will close and you will return to the SuperSYNCHRO dialog.

Figure 143. SuperSYNCHRO|Repetitive Gating dialog (Internal Trigger on left;
External Trigger on right)

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Sequential Mode
If Sequential is selected, the Sequential Gating Setup dialog will appear. In the Sequential
Gating mode, the Gate Width and Gate Delay do not remain constant but change either
linearly (Fixed) or exponentially as the measurement progresses. Fixed is suited to sweeping
over a time interval to locate and recover an event that takes place at the same time with each
iteration. Exponential is well suited to fluorescence decay experiments where the effectunder study changes rapidly at the start of an experiment and then slower and slower,
following a logarithmic curve, as the experiment progresses. In any case, if the measurement
is to be done in the Sequential Gating mode, set the gating parameters as appropriate for yourintended measurement and click on OK. The Sequential Gating Setup dialog will closeand you return to the SuperSYNCHRO dialog.

Figure 144. SuperSYNCHRO|Sequential Gating dialog (Internal Trigger)

Figure 145. SuperSYNCHRO|Sequential Gating dialog (External Trigger)

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10. The functions on the Trigger Out tab(Figure 146) allow you to enable the
SyncMASTER trigger output from the
SyncMASTER1 and SyncMASTER2
connectors on the AUX I/O cable andset up the Aux. Out signal at the AUX
OUT connector on the rear of the
PI-MAX3.
When you enable SyncMASTER1,
the output of that connector will be at
the frequency entered on the
Trigger In tab.

The output of the SyncMASTER2
connector will be at the same
frequency as that of
SyncMASTER1. However, you canenter a delay so the edges of thatsignal will occur after the edgesof SyncMASTER1.



Figure 146. SuperSYNCHRO|Trigger Out tab

If you will be using the Aux. Out signal from the SuperSYNCHRO to trigger apiece of equipment, enter the Auxiliary pulse width needed to trigger theequipment. Then enter the pulse delay time. The delay is based on T0 (in effect it
is a delay from SyncMASTER1which also starts at T0).

11. Click the OK button. This writes all of the parameter values to SuperSYNCHRO.
Note: If you are acquiring data and decide that some of the trigger or gating parametersneed to be changed, you must stop data acquisition first. Then you can make the changes
and restart data acquisition.

Repetitive Mode Parameters

Gate Width: The starting and ending gate widths are independently set. The first Shot
will have the Starting gate width and the last Shot will have the Ending gate width.
This is true for both the Fixed and Exponential increment type.
Gate Delay: The starting and ending gate delay values are independently set. When
External Trigger is active, the first Shot will be taken at the Starting delay withrespect to T0 and the last Shot will occur at the Ending delay with respect to T0.
This is true for both the Fixed and Exponential increment type.
On-CCD Accumulations: Sets the number of gates to occur during an exposure.

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Software Accumulations: Sets the number of exposures to be taken for each Shot.
Note that the number of Accumulations set here must be the same as the value set on
the Experiment Setup|Main tab for proper operation.

Sequential Mode Parameters

Number of Images: With an Accumulations setting of one, Number of Images equals
the number of exposures, each of which is followed by a readout. After eachexposure, the Gate Width and Gate Delay change as programmed before the next
exposure occurs. If multiple Accumulations are programmed, each exposure isrepeated n times, where n is the number of accumulations specified. Every
accumulation is processed before the gate delay and width change for the next shot.
The total number of exposures equals the specified Number of Images times thenumber of Accumulations.

ATTENTION

Accumulations can be set on the Sequential Gating Setup dialog and on the Experiment
Setup|Main tab. The two settings must be the same for proper operation.
Gate Width: The starting and ending gate widths are independently set. The first Shot
will have the Starting gate width and the last Shot will have the Ending gate width.
This is true for both the Fixed and Exponential increment type.
Gate Delay: The starting and ending gate delay values are independently set. The first
Shot will be taken at the Starting delay with respect to T0 and the last Shot will
occur at the Ending delay with respect to T0. This is true for both the Fixed andExponential increment type.

ATTENTION

The precise timing of both the gate and signal at the camera will additionally depend on
a number of different delay mechanisms that can significantly affect the experiment.
These are discussed for the PI-MAX camera in some detail in Tips and Tricks section of
the PI-MAX/PI-MAX2 OR PI-MAX3 system manual.

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Check Gate Width and Delay Min/Max (Message Displayed): If this box is checked
and you specify a gate width or delay outside the allowable range, a warning
message (Figure 147) will be displayed. Clicking Yes will cause the parameter inquestion to be set to the limit value. Clicking No will cause the parameter setting to
be retained, but the actual value will still be the applicable minimum or maximum. If
the box is not checked, the applicable minimum or maximum will be establishedautomatically.

Figure 147. Range Limits Exceeded Warning

Fixed Increment Type: With this selection, the increment or change in Gate Widthand Gate Delay is the same from shot to shot. The actual increments depend on thespecified starting and ending values and on the Number of Images. The increment
values are calculated and reported in the associated fields.
Exponential Increment Type: With this selection, the increment or change in Gate
Width and Gate Delay changes from shot to shot. When External Trigger is active,
the precise delay and width of each shot with respect to T0 is determined by thevalues entered for the Fast Decay and Slow Decay Time Constant and
Amplitude parameters. In fluorescent decay experiments, for example, there will
typically be two species contributing to the output data, one of which decays much
faster than the other. For example, there might be a fast fluorophor with a decay timeof at most a few nanoseconds, and a slower one with a decay time of perhaps ahundred nanoseconds. By sweeping both the delay and the width, and making
provision for entering time constant and amplitude information for two species, thesequential exponential algorithm is ideally suited to making this type ofmeasurement. At the start of the decay where the amplitude is high but the decay is
rapid, the gate pulses are narrow and close together. Towards the end of the decay
where the decay is slow, the gate pulses are further apart but much wider toaccommodate the lower signal amplitude. The result is output data that is relatively
constant in intensity over the decay time. This data can be easily normalized by
dividing each point by the exposure time and then using a spline fit to recover the
curve. The logarithm (base e) can then be taken to obtain a straight line (or two lines
successive line segments, each with a different slope for two species). Tangents canbe fitted to each segment to determine the rate constant for each species.
Fast Decay
Time Constant: In a two species system, enter the decay time of the faster of the two
species. Note that it is not essential that you enter a value. If you have the decay
time information, you will get better data if the information is entered, but
acceptable results can be obtained in many situations by using the default. If there
is only one species, or if you want to discard the fast decay process, simply enterzero for the Amplitude.

Note that the Gate Width and Gate Delay values need to be selected with somecare in fluorescence decay experiments. Typically the starting gate width will bevery narrow, perhaps 2 nsec, and the final gate width should be wider by aboutChapter 14

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the ratio of the anticipated signal amplitude decrease over the course of themeasurement timebase. Similarly, the starting gate delay has to take the various
insertion delays into account, and the final delay value might typically be set to avalue on the order of five times the anticipated decay time of the process.
Amplitude: This is the relative amplitude of the fast decay with respect to the slow one.
For example, if you know that the amplitude of the fast decay signal is typically fivetimes the amplitude of the slow decay signal, you could enter "5" for the fast decay
amplitude and "1" for the slow decay amplitude. Keep in mind that it is the ratio thatis being expressed. For example, there is no difference between entering fast andslow amplitude values of "5" and "1" and entering fast and slow amplitude values of"50" and "10." Note that the default values will give satisfactory results in manymeasurements.
Slow Decay
Time Constant: In a two species system, enter the decay time of the slower of thetwo species. Note that it is not essential that you enter a value. If you have thedecay time information, you will get better data if the information is entered, but
acceptable results can be obtained in many situations by using the default. If
there is only one species, or if you want to discard the fast decay process, simply
enter zero for the fast decay Amplitude.
Amplitude: This is the relative amplitude of the slow decay with respect to the fast
one. For example, if you know that the amplitude of the slow decay signal istypically one-fifth the amplitude of the fast decay signal, you could enter "1" forthe slow decay amplitude and "5" for the fast decay amplitude. Keep in mind that
it is the ratio that is being expressed. For example, there is no difference
between entering slow and fast amplitude values of "1" and "5" and entering fastand slow amplitude values of "10" and "50."View Width/Delay Sequence: Opens
the Width/Delay Sequence dialog(Figure 148) which lists the currently
programmed sequence of gate widthand gate delay values.
Save Sequence Values to File: When
this box is checked, the sequencevalues will be saved on completion of
the run. The values saved are thoseactually used to take the data. The file
could be recalled later and used fordata normalization or other purposes.

Figure 148. Gate Width/Delay Sequence dialog

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Setup File: Opens the Sequence
Values File dialog (Figure 149),
which enables the following:
Ask Before Overwriting: If
checked, you will be queried
before a new sequence value fileoverwrites an existing one. If
unchecked, overwriting can occur
without warning.
Notify When File Has Been Saved:
The file is saved at the end of the
Figure 149. Sequence Values File dialog
data-acquisition run.
You will be notified that this has occurred if this box is checked.
Use Default File Name: If checked, sequence value file name will be experimentfile name, but with the extension PDW. If unchecked, you must enter the namein the Name field.
Name: If not using the default name for the sequence value file, enter the file namein the provided field. The button at the end of the box opens a browser tofacilitate assigning the file location.
On-CCD Accumulations: Sets the number of gates to occur during an exposure.

Software Accumulations: Sets the number of exposures to be taken for each Shot.
Note that the number of Accumulations set here must be the same as the value set on
the Experiment Setup|Main tab for proper operation.

Timing Generator Interactive Trigger Setup
The
button on the Custom Toolbar, allows
you to select the PTG or DG535 trigger mode
(Internal or External) while acquiring data.
With SuperSYNCHRO, data acquisition will be
stopped while changes are made.
Internal: The Timing Generator will create
its own trigger signals at the selected
Figure 150. Timing Generator Interactive
frequency.
Trigger Setup dialog

External: The Timing Generator will be
triggered by trigger signals thatoriginate in an external piece ofequipment.

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Timing Generator Interactive Gate Width and DelayThe
button of the Custom
Toolbar, allows you to control theGate Width and Gate Delay parametersof the PTG or DG535 Timing
Generator while acquiring data. In thecase of the SuperSYNCHRO, you muststop data acquisition before you canmake changes and apply them.
Gate Width: Sets the duration of
the pulse applied to the
Figure 151. Timing Generator Interactive Gate
PI-MAX intensifier to gate theWidth and Delay dialog
photocathode. The units
available are nanoseconds (nsec), microseconds (µsec), or milliseconds (msec).
Only some values are allowed, so the Timing Generator will adjust the input
value to the nearest allowable value.
Gate Delay: Sets the time between the beginning of the trigger pulse (either internalor external) and the beginning of the photocathode gate pulse. The units
available are nanoseconds (nsec), microseconds (µsec), or milliseconds (msec).
Only some values are allowed, so the Timing Generator will adjust the input
value to the nearest allowable value.
Gates Per Exposure: Allows you to specify the number of times the photocathodewill be gated on during the exposure. Charge will accumulate on the CCD arrayas those gates occur during the exposure and the accumulated charge will bereadout at the end of the exposure. The acquired data will contain signal frommultiple exposures and read noise from a single readout. Signal is limited by
pixel well capacity and the A/D converter (for a 16-bit A/D, this is 65536
counts).

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Chapter 15
Custom Toolbar Settings
Introduction
The Custom Toolbar feature of WinView/32 allows you one-button access to many
features or combinations of features available through the software. The Custom
Toolbar layout and the number of buttons displayed on the Custom Toolbar can easily
be changed.

Displaying the Custom Toolbar
1. To make the Custom Toolbar visible, select Toolbars and then Custom on the
View menu. The Custom Toolbar will appear on the desktop and its default
configuration will be as shown in Figure 152.
2. You can change position of the Custom Toolbar, its layout, and the number of
buttons it contains.

Figure 152. Default Custom Toolbar

Customizing the Toolbar
Although the Custom Toolbar defaults with the buttons shown in Figure 152, many
additional buttons are in fact available and can be added to the button using theCustomize Toolbar dialog (Figure 153). Buttons can be added or removed at any time
and the new configuration will be saved when the dialog is closed.

Figure 153. Customize Toolbar dialog

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Adding an Available Button
1. Open the Customize Toolbar dialog by clicking on Custom Toolbar in the Setup
menu.
2. Referring to Figure 153, note that the buttons available for placement on the Custom
Toolbar are listed on the left. Buttons already on the toolbar are on the right.
3. To add an available button to the Custom Toolbar, first select it from the left-handlist. You may have to scroll through the list of available buttons to find the one you
want. You can choose where to place the button by selecting a button on the rightside (which will then be highlighted). The new button will be placed before thehighlighted one.
4. Click on the Add button. The button will disappear from the list of Available
buttons and will be added to the list of Toolbar buttons.
5. Click on Close to close the dialog.

Removing a Button
1. Open the Customize Toolbar dialog by clicking on Customize Toolbar in the
Setup menu.
2. Referring to Figure 153, note that buttons already on the toolbar are listed on theright. Available but unused buttons are listed on the left.
3. To remove an available button from the Custom Toolbar, first select it from theright-hand list. You may have to scroll through the listed buttons to find the one youwant.
4. Click on the Remove button. The button will disappear from the list of Toolbar
buttons and will be added to the list of Available buttons.
5. Click on Close to close the dialog.

Individual Dialog Item Descriptions
Available Buttons: You can select the button you wish to add to the Custom Toolbar
from this section. Many buttons, each with its own preassigned function as
described below, are available.
Toolbar Buttons: These are the buttons that will actually appear on the Custom
Toolbar.
Add: Causes the selected button on the Available Buttons list to be transferred to the
Toolbar buttons list before the selected button.
Remove: Causes the selected button on the Toolbar list to be transferred to the
Available Buttons list.
Close: This button closes the Custom Toolbar Assignment dialog and implementschanges made to the Custom Toolbar.
Reset: Restores the default Custom Toolbar configuration.
Help: Opens the context-sensitive help for the Custom Toolbar.

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Move Up: Together with Move Down, Move Up determines the position of a given
button on the Custom Toolbar. Each time this button is clicked, the selectedbutton on the Toolbar buttons list moves up one position.
Move Down: Together with Move Up, Move Down determines the position of a given
button on the Custom Toolbar. Each time this button is clicked, the selectedbutton on the Toolbar buttons list moves down one position.

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Chapter 16
Software Options
Introduction
The WinView/32 options described in this chapter can also be purchased from Princeton
Instruments. Contact Princeton Instruments Customer Support for order information.

Custom Chip (WXCstChp.opt)
Introduction
If this option has been installed,
selecting Show Custom Chip
check box on theController/Camera tab adds
the Custom Chip tab to the
dialog. The Custom Chipparameters are shown in
Figure 154. The default values
conform to the physical layoutof the CCD array and are
optimum for mostmeasurements.

CautionPrinceton Instruments does notencourage users to changethese parameter settings. For
most applications, the default
settings will give the best
results. We strongly advise
contacting the factory for
guidance before customizing
the chip definition.

Figure 154. Custom Chip tab

Normally, not all of the pixels in a CCD array are exposed and read out: a frame of "dummy"
pixels bounds the active area. These dummy pixels are usually masked and are not normallyread out. However, they could be read out by changing the chip definition in software. For
example, in the case of the EEV 256 × 1024 chip illustrated in Figure 154, the 256 active
rows are preceded by 0 dummy rows and followed by 0 dummy rows. In addition, there are
8 dummy columns on one side of the active region and 8 dummy columns on the other side.
By changing the chip definition to increase the active area while decreasing the dummy
settings, the dummy cells would be read out. By doing so, one could measure the dark charge
with every readout. (Note that F.T. Dummies are chip-specific and are dummy rows at theboundary of the masked and visible areas of a frame transfer device.)

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It is also possible to increase image acquisition speed by reducing the size of the active areain the definition. The result will be faster but lower resolution data acquisition. Operatingin this mode would ordinarily require that the chip be masked so that only the reduced
active area is exposed. This will prevent unwanted charge from spilling into the active areaor being transferred to the shift register.
By default, if there are no Pre-Dummy rows, the serial register will be cleared before
rows are shifted. If the Skip Serial Register Clean check box is selected when there areno Pre-Dummy rows, the register cleanout will be skipped and the chip readout will befaster. This feature is not available for PVCAM-supported cameras.
Pixel Bias Correction (not available for all cameras) is active by default. This function
generates a pixel bias correction scan code that is applied to the raw data to correct for
output amplifier and electronics drift. The correction is performed either on a line-byline or frame-by-frame basis depending on the camera. The correction process may add
to the readout time. If the Disable Pixel Bias Correction (PBC) check box is available
on the Custom Chip tab, you can disable pixel bias correction if you want to maximize
the readout time and are not concerned about drift. Disable the correction if you only
want raw (uncorrected) data.

Custom Timing (WXCstTim.opt)
Notes:
1. Fully supported by WinView Version 2.5.18.1 (and higher).
2. This option is not supported for 5 MHz systems.

Introduction
If this option has been installed,
selecting Show Custom Timing
check box on the Controller/
Camera (or Controller/Detector) tab
adds the Custom Timing tab to the
dialog. The Custom Timing
selections are shown in Figure 155.
The default timing parameter values
have been determined to give thefastest possible performance
without compromising dataacquisition performance.

CautionPrinceton Instruments does notencourage users to change theseparameter settings. For mostapplications, the default settings
will give the best results. We
strongly advise contacting thefactory for guidance before
customizing the chip timing
parameters.

Figure 155. Custom Timing tab

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FITS (FITS.exe)
FITS (Flexible Image Transport System) is the data format most widely used within
astronomy for transporting, analyzing, and archiving scientific data files. FITS is
primarily designed to store scientific data sets consisting of multidimensional arrays(images) and 2-dimensional tables organized into rows and columns of information. The
FITS option allows you to acquire and save WinView/32 data in the FITS format. This
option also provides a file conversion function that allows you to convert existing
WinView/32 .SPE data files into the FITS format. F1 help is included with the option.
Acquiring data in the FITS format starts with setting up the experiment parameters in
WinView/32. With WinView still open, you then open the FITS.exe program (byopening it at its directory location or by opening it from the Execute Macro dialog if theMacro option has been installed). When you click on Run Experiment on the FITS
dialog, the experiment will begin. At completion of the experiment, the data will be
displayed in WinView and a FITS file will automatically be generated and saved.
Note: When this option is installed, the FITS.exe file is placed in the same directory as
the WinView.exe file.

Figure 156. FITS dialog

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Macro Record (WXmacrec.opt)
Macro Record is a convenient method to automate routines and repetitive dataacquisition and analysis tasks. A macro is created automatically whenever a sequence of
operations is performed in WinView. The recorded macro generates a VBScript file thatcan be edited to provide maximum flexibility. For more information, refer to theWinView/32 online help and the PDF of the WinX32 Programming for Macro Record
manual, provided as part of the option package. Typically, the manual is stored in the
WinView32/Documentation directory when you install the option.
Note: As part of the Macro option installation, the Macro menu is added to theWinView/32 menu bar.

Figure 157. Macro Record dialog

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Virtual Chip (WXvchip.opt)
Introduction
This option is used to set the parameters for Virtual Chip operation, a special fastacquisition technique that allows frame rates in excess of 100 fps to be obtained. For the
Virtual Chip selection be available on the WinView/32 Setup menu, it is necessary that:

the system is a PentaMAX or has an ST-133 Controller,the camera has a frame transfer chip such as the EEV 512 × 512 FT,the Frame Transfer readout mode is selected, andthe file WXvchip.opt is present in the same directory as the executable
WinView/32 program.

The virtual chip method of data acquisition requires that the chip be masked as shown in
Figure 158. Masking can be achieved by applying a mechanical or optical mask or bypositioning a bright image at the ROI against a dark background on the remainder of thearray. In operation, images are continually piped down the CCD at extraordinarily highframes per second (FPS).
The mini-frame transfer region is defined by an ROI as illustrated in Figure 158. The
charge from this ROI is shifted under the frame-transfer mask, followed by a readout
cycle of an ROI-sized region under the mask. Since the ROI is far from the serial
register, the stored image is just shifted repeatedly with the readout and the first few
images collected will not contain useful data. After the readout period, the next frame isshifted under the mask and another ROI sized frame is read out. The net result is a seriesof images, separated by spacer regions, streaming up the CCD under the mask.

Figure 158. Virtual Chip Functional diagram

Figure 159. Virtual Chip dialog

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Virtual Chip Setup
The following procedure covers the basic hardware and software setup for Virtual Chip
operation.
Equipment:
Suitable Princeton Instruments camera with 512x512FT or other frame transfer
CCD array
Suitable ST-133 with TAXI interface card
High Speed Serial (TAXI) cable
Suitable Host Computer with installed Princeton Instruments (RSPI) High Speed
PCI Card
Software:
WinView/32, version 2.4 or higher
WXvchip.opt installed in the same directory as the executable WinView/32
programAssumptions: You are familiar with the WinView/32 software and have read the hardware
manuals.
 Masking is for a 47x47 pixel Virtual Chip with its origin at 1,1.
Procedure:
1. Verify that the power is OFF for ALL system components (including thehost computer).
2. Verify that the correct line voltages have been selected and that the correctfuses have been installed in the ST-133.
3. Connect the TAXI cable to the PCI card at the host computer and to theSerial Com connector at the rear of the Controller. Tighten down thelocking screws.
4. Connect the Camera-Controller cable to the Detector connector on therear of the Controller and to the Detector connector at the rear of thecamera. Tighten down the locking screws.
5. If it has not been installed already, connect a line cord from the Power Input
module on the back of the Controller to a suitable AC power source.
6. Turn on the Controller.
7. Turn on the host computer and select the WinView/32 icon.
8. From the Setup menu, select Hardware, and enter the following settings:
Controller/CCD tab
Controller: PentaMAX or the appropriate ST-133 controller
Controller Version: 5
CCD Type: appropriate frame transfer array (EEV 512x512FT, forthis procedure)
Shutter Type: None
LOGIC OUT Output: Shutter
Readout Mode: Frame Transfer
Interface tab
Type: the appropriate interface card. For this procedure, the selection
is High Speed PCI.

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Cleans/Skips tab
Number of Cleans: 1
Number of Strips per Clean: 512
Minimum Block Size: 2
Number of Blocks: 5
9. From the Acquisition menu, select Experiment Setup and enter thefollowing settings:
Main tabExposure Time: Enter a value. The exposure time can either be greaterthan the readout time or it can be equal to the readout time. If you want
an exposure time > readout time, enter a value larger than the readout
time calculated when the virtual chip definition was downloaded. If you
want an exposure time = readout time, enter 000 s.
Number of Images: Enter the desired number of images.
Use Region of Interest
Accumulations: 1

ADC tab
Type: FASTROI Setup tab: Make no changes to the settings on this tab unless you
have re-enabled Normal Operating Mode. ROI setup for Virtual Chip
(High Speed Mode) is performed through the Virtual Chip dialog.

10. From the Setup menu, select Virtual Chip, and enter the following settings:
High Speed Mode Enabled
Virtual Chip Definition: The settings below assume a 47x47 pixel virtual
chip. The X and Y dimensions are established by the external mask.
The virtual chip is fully flexible in the X direction. However, the set of
choices for the Y-dimension has been pre- selected for optimal
performance. Note that the origin point that Princeton Instruments uses
for a CCD array is 1,1.
Chip Y Dimension: 47. Select this dimension from the drop down list.
Chip X Dimension: 47. Enter this dimension manually.
11. Click on the Load Default Values button. This enters the default ROI
values. These values are: Start pixels of 1,1; End pixels based on the Chip Y
and Chip X dimensions; and Groups of 1.
 Region of Interest: The settings below assume a 47x47 pixel ROI(i.e., the entire virtual chip). An ROI that is a subset of the virtual chipcan be defined.
X Start: 1 Y Start: 1
X End: 47 Y End: 47
X Group: 1 Y Group: 1
 Click on the Download Virtual Chip Definition button. This will
download the definition, set up the ROI, and calculate the readout time.
 Observe the calculated readout time. If you need a shorter period,change the settings (for example, enter a smaller Y-dimension or use
binning in the Y-direction) and click on the Download Virtual Chip
Definition button again.
 Click on Close.

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12. From the Setup menu, select Environment.
Note: When setting up for focusing, the number of Frames/Interrupt shouldbe left at 1.


DMA Buffer (Mb): By default, the buffer size is 8 Mb. Using thefollowing formula, calculate the amount of DMA memory required:
X × Y × #Frames × (2 bytes/pixel).
For example, the buffer size required for a 47x47 virtual arrayacquiring 1000 frames would be 47 × 47 × 1000 frames × (2bytes/pixel) = 4.4 Mb. If the calculated value is greater than 8 Mb,
enter the appropriate size.
Note: This value is not enabled until you restart your computer.



Frames/Interrupt: If the number of frames is greater than 256 (thepreprogrammed slot limit for a PCI card), increase the number ofFrames/Interrupt value. Use the formula #Frames/256 and round theresult to the next highest integer to calculate that value. For example,
1000 frames/256 will result in 3.9, so enter 4.
Note: This value should be 1 for Focus mode.

13. Click on OK after you have finished entering the Environment settings.
14. Place a suitable target in front of the camera and click on Focus to verify
that the camera is seeing the target.
15. Make any focusing, gain, or other adjustments necessary to fine-tune theimage.
16. Stop running in Focus mode.
17. Now click on Acquire.

Experimental Timing
Triggering can be achieved through the software via the Software Trigger timing mode(selectable on the Experiment Setup dialog, Timing Mode tab) or it can be achieved via
the Ext Sync input on the rear of the camera. Triggering from the Ext Sync input allows
you to acquire a single image per TTL pulse. If Software Trigger has been selected,
back-to-back collection of the requested number of images will be initiated when
Acquire is selected: no further TTL trigger input is required.

Tips


If mechanical masking is used, the mask can be a static one (fixed dimensions) inwhich case multiple masks should be made to accommodate a variety of imaging
conditions. Alternatively, a more flexible mask can be manufactured by taking
two thin metal sheets with a square hole the size of the exposed region of the
CCD cut in the center. For a 512 × 512 pixel CCD array with 15 micron pixels,
the exposed region would be 7.68 mm × 7.68 mm. These masks should beanodized black to prevent reflections in the optical system and they should bevery flat. These two sheets can then be slid relative to one another to achieve any
rectangular shape required. The sheets should be placed flat in the optical plane
and their openings should be centered on the optical axis. Ideally they should be
able to move with an accuracy of 2-3 pixels per step (30-45 microns) in the X
and Y directions.
Consult the factory for off-the-shelf optical masking accessories.

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

Running the camera in Free Run mode with 0.0 msec exposure time will result in
the fastest acquisition time. Under these conditions, the acquisition time islimited by the readout time of the ROI (exposure time ≡ readout time).

When you return the system to "Normal" chip mode (radio button on Virtual
Chip dialog), you should also open the Experiment Setup dialog at the ROI
Setup tab and click on the ClearAll button to clear the ROI setup downloaded
for Virtual Chip operation.



If frame acquisition appears to be slow in Focus mode, check the
Frames/Interrupt value on the Environment dialog and reset the value to 1 if it
is greater than 1.

When processing large stacks of data, you may want to use a third-party
scientific image processing package.



Due to CCD design, you may see some edge artifacts when acquiring data fromthe entire virtual chip. Crop these artifacts by defining an ROI that is slightly
smaller than the virtual chip dimensions.

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Part 3
Reference
Appendix A, System and Camera Nomenclature ....................................... 175
Appendix B, Data Structure ............................................................................. 183
Appendix C, CD ROM Failure Workarounds ............................................... 193
Appendix D, WinView/32 Repair and Maintenance ................................... 195
Appendix E, USB 2.0 Limitations ................................................................... 199
Appendix F, Troubleshooting USB 2.0 .......................................................... 201
Appendix G, Glossary ....................................................................................... 209

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Appendix A
System and Camera Nomenclature
System, Controller Type, and Camera Type Cross-Reference
Use the cross-reference table below if you need to determine the controller type and/or
camera/CCD type used by your system. This table is based on the Princeton Instruments
brand systems that are currently being sold by Roper Scientific, Inc. Many of thesesystems incorporate non-volatile RAM (NVRAM) that has been factory programmedwith the default hardware setup parameters for the controller, camera, and CCD arrayincluded in your system. If you know the controller type used by your system, you shouldbe able to download these default parameters. However, if this functionality is notavailable for your system, you will need to manually enter the information.
Note: Because Marconi changed its name to e2v, you may see CCD types with theprefix "MAR", "EEV", or "e2v". These CCDs are manufactured by e2v.
System
2D-OMA V: 320

Controller Type
ST-133-5 MHz

Camera/CCD TypeXEN 320

I-PentaMAX (Gen II or Gen III) PentaMAX*

EEV 512x512FT

MicroMAX: 512EBFT

ST-133

EEV 512x512FT CCD57

MicroMAX: 782Y

ST-133

PID 582x782

MicroMAX: 782YHS

ST-133-5 MHz

PID 582x782

MicroMAX: 1024B

ST-133

EEV 1024x1024 CCD 47_10

MicroMAX: 1300B

ST-133

EEV 1300x1340B

MicroMAX: 1300Y

ST-133

PID1030x1300

MicroMAX: 1300YHS

ST-133-5 MHz

PID1030x1300

MicroMAX: 1300YHS-DIF

ST-133-5 MHz

PID1030x1300

OMA V:InGaAs 256

ST-133

InGaAs 1x256

OMA V:InGaAs 512

ST-133

InGaAs 1x512

OMA V:InGaAs 1024

ST-133

InGaAs 1x1024

PDA

ST-121*

Diode Array 1024

* Does not support NVRAM function.

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SystemController Type

Version 2.6.A

Camera/CCD Type

PhotonMAX: 512B

N/A

e2v CCD97B

PhotonMAX: 1024B

N/A

e2v CCD201B

PI-LCX: 400

ST-133

EEV 400x1340F

PI-LCX: 576

ST-133

EEV 576x384 (3 ph)

PI-LCX: 1242

ST-133

EEV 1152x1242 (3 ph)

PI-LCX: 1300

ST-133

EEV 1300x1340F

PI-MAX: 512HQ

ST-133

THM 512x512

PI-MAX: 512RB

ST-133

THM 512x512

PI-MAX: 512SB

ST-133

THM 512x512

PI-MAX: 512UV

ST-133

THM 512x512

PI-MAX: 1024HQ

ST-133

EEV 256x1024F CCD30

PI-MAX: 1024RB

ST-133

EEV 256x1024F CCD30

PI-MAX: 1024SB

ST-133

EEV 256x1024F CCD30

PI-MAX: 1024UV

ST-133

EEV 256x1024F CCD30

PI-MAX MG: 1024

ST-133

EEV 256x1024F CCD30

PI-MAX2:512 (Gen II or Gen III) ST-133-5 MHz

THM 512x512

PI-MAX2:1003 (Gen II or Gen III) ST-133-5 MHz

KAI 1024x1024

PI-MAX3:1024i

N/A

Kodak KAI-1003

PI-MAX3:1024x256

N/A

e2v CCD 30-11

PI-MTE: 1300B

ST-133, ST-133-2 MHz EEV 1300x1340B

PI-SCX: 1242

ST-133

EEV 1152x1242(6 ph)PI-SCX: 1300

ST-133

EEV 1300x1340F

PI-SCX: 4300

ST-133

KAF 2084x2084 SCX

PI-SX: 400

ST-133

EEV 400x1340B

PI-SX: 512

ST-133

TEK 512x512DB

PI-SX: 1024

ST-133

TEK 1024x1024DB

PI-SX: 1300

ST-133

EEV 1300x1340B

Appendix A

System and Camera Nomenclature

SystemController Type

177

Camera/CCD TypePIoNIR:640

N/A

PI InGaAs 640

PIXIS:100F, B, BR, R

N/A

EEV 100x1340F/B

PIXIS:400F, B, BR, R

N/A

EEV 400x1340F/B

PIXIS:512F, B

N/A

MAR 512x512 CCD 77

PIXIS:1024F, B

N/A

EEV 1024x1024 CCD 47-10

PIXIS-XF:1024

N/A

e2v 1024x1024 CCD 47-10

PIXIS-XO:100B

N/A

PI 1340x100B

PIXIS-XO:400B

N/A

PI 1340x400B

PIXIS-XO:512B

N/A

e2v 512x512B CCD 77-00

PIXIS-XO:1024B

N/A

e2v 1024x1024 CCD 47-10

PIXIS-XO:2KB

N/A

PI 2048x512B

ProEM:512B

N/A

e2v CCD97B

ProEM:1024B

N/A

e2v CCD201B

PyLoN:100F, B, BR

N/A

PI 1340x100B

PyLoN:100B, BR eXcelon

N/A

PI 1340x100B

PyLoN:400F, B, BR

N/A

PI 1340x400B

PyLoN:400B, BR eXcelon

N/A

PI 1340x400B

Quad-RO:4096

N/A

FCD 4096x4096F MT

Quad-RO:4320

N/A

KAF 2084x2084 MT

Spec-10: 100, B, R, BR

ST-133

EEV 100x1340F, 100x1340B

Spec-10: 120

ST-133

HAM 124x1024

Spec-10: 120B

ST-133

HAM 122x1024B

Spec-10: 256, B, E

ST-133

EEV 256x1024F CCD30, B, OE

Spec-10: 400, B, R, BR

ST-133

EEV 400x1340F/B

Spec-10XP: 100, B, R, BR

ST-133-2MHzEEV 100x1340F/B

ST-133-2MHzEEV 400x1340F/B

XP

Spec-10 : 400, B, R, BR

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SystemVersion 2.6.A

Controller Type

Camera/CCD TypeSpectruMM:120

ST-133

HAM 124x1024

SpectruMM:120B

ST-133

HAM 122x1024B

SpectruMM:250

ST-133

HAM 252x1024

SpectruMM:250B

ST-133

HAM 250x1024B

VersArray: 512B, F

ST-133

TEK 512x512DB/DF

VersArray: 1024B, F

ST-133

TEK 1024x1024DB/DF

VersArray: 1300B, F

ST-133

EEV 1300x1340B/F

VersArrayXP: 512B, F

ST-133-2MHzMAR 512x512 CCD77

XP

ST-133-2MHzEEV 1024x1024 CCD47_10

VersArray : 1K, KB

System and System Component Descriptions
The following information briefly describes Princeton Instruments brand systems and thesystem components. For more information, contact your Princeton Instruments
representative or Customer Support.

Systems:
2D-OMA V: Cryogenically-cooled focal plane array (FPA) based system for low lightlevel NIR imaging (0.8µm-1.7µm).
InSight: Includes an f/3.9 imaging spectrograph integrated with a high performance
digital CCD. The system is pre-aligned and focused at the factory, allowing for effortless
integration into experiments.
MicroMAX: Name used for some ST-133 based imaging systems, usually with an RTE
head. The 5 MHz version is characterized by duplex head cable
OMA V: Cryogenically-cooled Photodiode array (PDA) based system for spectroscopy
applications.
PDA: Low-cost spectroscopy system uses ST-121 controller.
PentaMAX: A/D electronics are in the head so no controller is necessary. Runs with PCI
card only. Both unintensified and intensified versions are available.
PhotonMAX: EMCCD (electron-multiplying CCD). Optimized for both traditional CCD
and "on-chip multiplication gain" operation. Internal controller. Vacuum guaranteed forthe life of the camera.
PI-Echelle: Spectrograph that achieves high spectral resolution over the entire
wavelength range of the camera (one of several compatible Princeton Instruments
cameras) without any moving parts. The system is ideal for both general spectroscopy
applications as well as Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy.
PI-LCX: High-performance photon counting system. Medium X-ray, direct detection

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PI-MAX: ICCD design with internal high voltage power and gating. Controller is
ST-133, and gating timing is provided by a DG535, PTG or other TTL timing source.
PI-MAX2: High speed PI-MAX. ICCD design with internal high voltage power andgating. Controller is ST-133-5MHz, and gating timing is provided by a DG535, PTG orother TTL timing source.
PI-MAX3: High speed PI-MAX. ICCD design with internal high voltage power andgating with internal controller. Gate timing is controlled by the internalSuperSYNCHRO timing generator or an external source.
PI-MTE: Compact high-sensitivity digital imaging system designed to deliver scientificperformance inside high-vacuum chambers over long operation times.
PI-SCX: X-ray diffraction, fiberoptically-coupled detector.
PI-SX: High-sensitivity, deep-vacuum interface for soft X-ray acquisition.
PIoNIR: Compact, permanent vacuum camera platform with internal controller.
Designed for NIR spectroscopy and imaging.
PIXIS: Compact, permanent vacuum camera platform with internal controller. Designed
for low-light-level spectroscopy and imaging.
PIXIS-XF: Compact, permanent vacuum camera platform with internal controller. Designed
for lens-free, indirect imaging of X-rays using phosphor screens or other Lambertian sources.
PIXIS-XO: Compact, vacuum open-nose camera platform with internal controller androtatable ConFlat flange. Designed for direct imaging of very low energy X-ray (< 30 eV).
ProEM: EMCCD (electron-multiplying CCD). Optimized for both traditional CCD and“on-chip multiplication gain” operation. Internal controller. Air- and liquid-cooling.
Vacuum guaranteed for the life of the camera.
PyLoN: Liquid nitrogen cooled detector with internal controller and 1.7 liter Dewar capacity.
Quad-RO: High performance X-ray system. Systems can effectively provide X-ray
photon-counting capability with up to 16-bit dynamic range. 1:1 fiberoptic taper andmulti-port output. Thermoelectric cooling.
SPEC-10: High performance, spectroscopy system. Wide variety of CCD arrays.
Thermoelectric or cryogenic cooling available.
SPEC-10XP: High performance spectroscopy system with "XP" lifetime vacuum. Thissystem can be thermoelectrically (air) cooled down to -80Cº and has software-selectable
six-speed digitization (up to 2 MHz).
SpectruMM: Name used for some ST-133 based spectroscopy systems with an RTE
head.
TriVista: Consists of three imaging-corrected Acton Research spectrographs that can beused in single, double, and triple configurations. May incorporate PMT detectors and/or
one or more Princeton Instruments CCD detectors.
VersArray: High-performance, general purpose imaging system. Wide variety of CCD
arrays in imaging formats. Thermoelectric or cryogenic cooling available.
VersArrayXP: High-performance low-light imaging system for astronomy, MCP
readout, pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) / wind tunnel testing, semiconductor failure
analysis, and streak tube readout applications. Deep thermoelectric cooling (air).

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Controllers:
ST-121: Diode array controllers shipped with diode array detectors, controlled by a PCI card.
ST-130: Obsolete controller but still supported in the WinView/32 software.
ST-133: Controller that can run the vast majority of Princeton Instruments brandcameras, including MicroMAX, PI-MAX, Spec-10, PI-LCX, PI-MTE, PI-SCX, PI-SX,OMA V, and VersArray. Different hardware types are needed to run different detectors(for example, liquid nitrogen-cooled vs. thermoelectrically-cooled).
ST-133 2 MHz: ST-133 controller, characterized by six software-selectable ADC rates.
ST-133 5 MHz: ST-133 controller, characterized by duplex head cable.
ST-138: Older controller for TE, LN, ICCD, and ITE units. It offers a few special
features such as hardware accumulator. In general, this controller is being phased out.

Cameras/Detectors:
HCTE/CCD: See NTE/CCD and NTE 2.
ICCD: Standard, "classic" intensified camera, requires purging, has internal high voltage
power but requires external high voltage pulses for gating. Controlled by ST-133 or ST-138.
LN/CCD: Liquid nitrogen cooled detector, 1.5 liter Dewar is standard, can be run with
ST-138 or ST-133.
LN/InGaAs: Indium gallium arsenide detector controlled by a ST-133 controller
MTE 2: Miniature liquid cooled camera, designed for in vacuum chamber operation, canbe run with ST-133 controller. Included in a PI-MTE system.
NTE/CCD and NTE 2: Stands for new TE head. More cube shaped than the TE,
designed for maximum cooling. NTE 2 requires high-power version of ST-133.
RTE/CCD: Round thermoelectrically cooled camera, can be run with ST-133
controllers.
TE/CCD: Water- cooled camera, can be run with ST-138 or some ST-133 controllers.
TEA/CCD: Forced air-cooled camera, can be run with ST-138 or some ST-133
controllers.
V/ICCD: Video intensified detector. Always shipped with its own control box, produces
standard video out so no interface card or software required. As of Version 2.5, thisdetector will not be supported by WinView.
XP: TE/air-cooled camera with lifetime vacuum, can be run with ST-133 controllers.
Six-speed digitization is an option.
XTE: TE/air-cooled detector with cooling down to -100°C, can be run with ST-133
controllers.

Pulsers:
FG-100: Pulser with 5 nsec - 3 µsec gating, Gen II intensifiers only.
FG-101: Obsolete version of an ICCD unit, with internal high voltage power and gating.
PG-10: Pulser with 200 nsec to 6 msec gating, Gen II intensifiers only.
PG200: Software programmable pulser with 5 nsec to 80 msec gating. Highest
performance pulser with the most features, Gen II intensifiers onlyAppendix A

System and Camera Nomenclature181

PTG: Dedicated "programmable delay generator" board that generates TTL level pulses
to control intensifier gating in PI-MAX models. It is an option that sits in the third slot of
an ST-133 controller.

High-Voltage Power Supplies:
IIC-100: High voltage power supply for intensified cameras without internal highvoltage supplies (intensified PentaMAX, ITE, or lens-coupled intensified systems) for
CW operation only. Not necessary for ICCD or PI-MAX cameras. For gated operation of
intensified PentaMAX or ITE cameras buy the board version of the IIC-100, called the
MCP-100, built into the pulser. During manufacture, a Model IIC-100 is configured for
operation with a Gen II intensifier or with a Gen III intensifier, but not for operation
with both types.
IIC-200: Compact high voltage power supply for intensified cameras without internalhigh voltage supplies (intensified PentaMAX, ITE, or lens-coupled intensified systems)
for gated and CW/Shutter operation. During manufacture, a Model IIC-200 is configured
for operation with a Gen II intensifier or with a Gen III intensifier, but not for operation
with both types.
IIC-300: Combined image intensifier power supply and moderate performance gating
pulse generator. Gated and CW/Shutter operation. PIV version available. During
manufacture, a Model IIC-300 is configured for operation with a Gen II intensifier orwith a Gen III intensifier, but not for operation with both types.

Miscellaneous Components:
OFA: An adapter for connecting a fiber optic input to a spectrometer. Two versions areavailable for the best possible f/# matching, see the price list for details.
CC-100: Closed coolant circulator (not a chiller) designed for TE, TEA, or ICCD
camerasUV Lens: f/1.2 catadioptric lens only for ICCD or PI-MAX cameras

Array Designators
In the past, the designators in the following list were often used on camera serial labels
to identify the array in the camera.
B: Back-illuminated CCD
DDA: Dual diode array CCD
F: Front illuminated CCD, in many cases no letter is used
E: CCD made by EEV
T: CCD made by Thomson
K: CCD made by Kodak
H: CCD made by Hamamatsu
HS: "High speed" MicroMAX system runs at 5 MHz
FT: Frame transfer detector
M: MPP (multi-pin phasing) CCD
P: (Usually) CCD offered exclusively by Princeton Instruments

182

WinView/32 Manual

Version 2.6.A

PDA: Photodiode array
R: Deep depletion
S: Usually refers to SITe arrays, also see TK
TK: CCD made by SITe (formerly Tektronix), sometimes labeled S
UV: UV-to-VIS standard lumogen coating for UV-response to 195 nm
UVAR: Permanent UV-to-NIR A/R coating on some SITe CCDs (notlumogen/metachrome)
VISAR: Permanent VIS to NIR A/R coating on some SITe CCDs (notlumogen/metachrome)
Y: Interline CCD made by Sony
/1: grade 1 CCD/2: grade 2 CCD/3: grade 3 CCD
64: array format is 1024 x 64 pixels
100: array format is 1340 x 100 pixels
128: array format is 1024 x 128 pixels
256: 256 element linear array
400: array format is 1340 x 400 pixels
512: array format is 512 x 512 pixels; or 512 elements for linear arrays
576: array format is 576 x 384 pixels
768: array format is 768 x 512 pixels
782: array format is 782 x 582 pixels
1000: array format is 1000 x 800 pixels
1024: array format is 1024 x 256 (EEV or Hamamatsu) or 1024 x 1024 (SITe)
1100: array format is 1100 x 330 pixels
1242: array format is 1152 x 1242 pixels
1280: array format is 1280 x 1024 pixels
1300: array format is 1300 x 1030 pixels (Sony) or 1300 x 1340 pixels (EEV)
1317: array format is 1317 x 1035 pixels
1340: array format is 1340 x 100, 400, or 1300; family is exclusive to Princeton
Instruments
1536: array format is 1536 x 1032 pixels
2032: array format is 2025 x 2032 pixels
2500: array format is 2500 x 600, rectangular pixels
3072: array format is 3072 x 2048 pixels

Appendix B
Data Structure
Version 1.43 Header
All WinView or WinSpec files (version 1.43) must begin with the following 4100 byteheader:
0
2
4
6
8
10
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
50
90
106
108

110
150
152
154
156
158
190
192
194
196
198
200
600
602
618
620
622
638

typedef WINXHEAD {int dioden;/* CCD X dimension
int avgexp;/* Not used by WinView
int exposure;/* exposure if -1 see lexpos
int datarange;/* Not used by WinView
int mode;/* Not used by WinView
float wexsy;/* Not used by WinView
int asyavg;/* Not used by WinView
int asyseq;/* Not used by WinView
int linefreq;/* Not used by WinView
int date0;/* Not used by WinView
int date1;/* Not used by WinView
int date2;/* Not used by WinView
int date3;/* Not used by WinView
int date4;/* Not used by WinView
int ehour;/* Not used by WinView
int eminute;/* Not used by WinView
int noscan;/* # of stripes collected if -1 see/* lnoscan.
int fastacc;/* Not used by WinView
int avgtime;/* Not used by WinView
int dmatotal;/* Not used by WinView
int faccount;/* X dimension : Actual dim of image.
int stdiode;/* Not used by WinView
float nanox;/* Not used by WinView
float calibdio[10];/* Not used by WinView
char fastfile[16];/* fast access file. Not used by WinView
int asynen;/* Not used by WinView
int datatype;/* 0 -> float (4 byte)/* 1 -> long integer (4 byte)/* 2 -> integer (2 byte)/* 3 -> unsigned integer (2 byte)/* 4 -> String/char (1 byte)/* 5 -> double (8 bytes) Not implemented/* 6 -> byte (1 byte)/* 7 -> unsigned byte (1 byte)
float calibnan[10];/* Not used by WinView
int rtanum;/* Not used by WinView
int astdiode;/* Not used by WinView
int int78;/* Not used by WinView
int int79;/* Not used by WinView
double calibpol[4];/* Not used by WinView
int int96;/* Not used by WinView
int int97;/* Not used by WinView
int int98;/* Not used by WinView
int int99;/* Not used by WinView
int int100;/* Not used by WinView
char exprem[5][80];/* comments
int int301;/* Not used by WinView
char label[16];/* Not used by WinView
int gsize;/* Not used by WinView
int lfloat;/* Not used by WinView
char califile[16];/* calibration file. Not used by WinView
char bkgdfile[16];/* background file. Not used by WinView

*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
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*/
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*/

183

184

WinView/32 Manual

Version 2.6.A

654
656
658
660
664
668
672
688
704

int srccmp;
int stripe;
int scramble;
long lexpos;
long lnoscan;long lavgexp;
char stripfil[16];char version[16];int controller_type;/* Not used by WinView/* number of stripes per frame/* 0 - scramble, 1 – unscramble/* exposure val 32-bits(when exposure=-1)/* no. of scan 32-bits(when noscan = -1)/* no. of accum 32-bits(when avgexp = -1)/* strip file. Not used by WinView/* SW version & date "01.000 02/01/90"/* 1-new st120, 2-old st120,/* 3-st130 type 1, 4-st130 type 2,/* 5-st138, 6-DC131, and ST133.

706
708
710
712
736
832
836
840

/* YT_FILE_HEADER *//* The YT variables are not used by WinView.
int
yt_file_defined;/* set TRUE for YT data fileint
yt_fh_calib_mode;/* calibration type*/int
yt_fh_calib_type;/* time-unit (calibration type)int
yt_fh_element[12];/* element number
doubleyt_fh_calib_data[12]; /* data
float
yt_fh_time_factor;/* time-factor
float
yt_fh_start_time;/* start timeint
reverse_flag;/* set to 1 if data should be/* reversed, 0 do not reverse
};

*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/

Version 1.6 Header
All WinView/WinSpec files (version 1.6) and WinView/32 and WinSpec/32 data files
must begin with the following 4100 byte header. Data files created under previous
versions of WinView/WinSpec can still be read correctly. However, files created under
the new versions (1.6 and higher) cannot be read by previous versions of
WinView/WinSpec.

Header Structure Listing

unsigned int
int

dioden;avgexp;int

exposure;

unsigned int
int
float
int
int
unsigned int
char
int
int
int

xDimDet;mode;
exp_sec;
asyavg;asyseq;yDimDet;date[10];ehour;
eminute;noscan;

int
int
int
unsigned int
int
float
float
char
int
int

fastacc;
seconds;
DetType;
xdim;
stdiode;nanox;
calibdio[10];fastfile[16];asynen;datatype;

/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*

Decimal Byte
Offset----------0 num of physical pixels (X axis)
2 number of accumulations per scan
if > 32767, set to -1 andsee lavgexp below (668)
4 exposure time (in milliseconds)
if > 32767, set to -1 andsee lexpos below (660)
6 Detector x dimension of chip
8 timing mode
10 alternative exposure, in secs.
14 number of asynchron averages
16 number of asynchron sequential
18 y dimension of CCD or detector.
20 date as MM/DD/YY
30 Experiment Time: Hours (as binary)
32 Experiment Time: Minutes(as binary)
34 number of multiple scans
if noscan == -1 use lnoscan
36
38 Experiment Time: Seconds(as binary)
40 CCD/DiodeArray type
42 actual # of pixels on x axis
44 trigger diode46
50 calibration diodes
90 name of pixel control file
106 asynchron enable flag 0 = off
108 experiment data type
0 = FLOATING POINT
1 = LONG INTEGER

*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/

Appendix B

Data Structure

185

/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*

*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/

float
int
int
unsigned int
unsigned int
doubleunsigned int
unsigned int
unsigned int
unsigned int
unsigned int
char
unsigned int

calibnan[10];BackGrndApplied;
astdiode;
minblk;numminblk;
calibpol[4];ADCrate;ADCtype;
ADCresolution;
ADCbitAdjust;gain;
exprem[5][80];geometric;char
unsigned int
unsigned int
char
char
int
unsigned int
int
long

xlabel[16];cleans;NumSkpPerCln;
califile[16];bkgdfile[16];srccmp;ydim;
scramble;
lexpos;longlnoscan;longlavgexp;

char
char
int

stripfil[16];version[16];
type;

int
int
int
char
float
int
int
int
int
int
float
long
float
float
char
unsigned int
float
unsigned int
unsigned int
unsigned int

flatFieldApplied;spare[8];kin_trig_mode
empty[702];
clkspd_us;
HWaccumFlag;
StoreSync;
BlemishApplied;
CosmicApplied;
CosmicType;
CosmicThreshold;
NumFrames;
MaxIntensity;
MinIntensity;
ylabel[LABELMAX];
ShutterType;shutterComp;readoutMode;
WindowSize;clkspd;unsigned int

interface_type;unsigned long ioAdd1;
unsigned long ioAdd2;
unsigned long ioAdd3;
unsigned int intLevel;

2 = INTEGER
3 = UNSIGNED INTEGER
110 calibration nanometer
150 set to 1 if background sub done
152
154 min. # of strips per skips
156 # of min-blocks before geo skps
158 calibration coefficients
190 ADC rate
192 ADC type
194 ADC resolution
196 ADC bit adjust
198 gain
200 experiment remarks
600 geometric operations rotate 0x01
reverse 0x02, flip 0x04
602 Intensity display string
618 cleans
620 number of skips per clean.
622 calibration file name (CSMA)
638 background file name654 number of source comp. diodes
656 y dimension of raw data.
658 0 = scrambled, 1 = unscrambled
660 long exposure in milliseconds
used if exposure set to -1
664 long num of scans
used if noscan set to -1
668 long num of accumulations
used if avgexp set to -1
672 stripe file (st130)
688 version & date:"01.000 02/01/90"
704 1 = new120 (Type II)
2 = old120 (Type I )3 = ST130
4 = ST121
5 = ST138
6 = DC131 (PentaMAX)
7 = ST133 (MicroMAX/SpectroMax)
8 = ST135 (GPIB)
9 = VICCD
10 = ST116 (GPIB)
11 = OMA3 (GPIB)
12 = OMA4706 Set to 1 if flat field was applied
708 reserved
724 Kinetics Trigger Mode726 EMPTY BLOCK FOR EXPANSION
1428 Vert Clock Speed in micro-sec
1432 set to 1 if accum done by Hardware
1434 set to 1 if store sync used.
1436 set to 1 if blemish removal applied
1438 set to 1 if cosmic ray removal done
1440 if cosmic ray applied, this is type
1442 Threshold of cosmic ray removal.
1446 number of frames in file.
1450 max intensity of data (future)1454 min intensity of data (future)
1458 y axis label.
1474 shutter type.
1476 shutter compensation time.
1480 Readout mode, full, kinetics, etc.
1482 window size for kinetics only.
1484 clock speed for kinetics &frame transfer.
1486 computer interface (isa-taxi,
pci, eisa, etc.)
1488 I/O address of interface card.
1492 if more than one address for card
1496
1500 interrupt level interface card

186

WinView/32 Manual
unsigned int GPIBadd;
unsigned int ControlAdd;
unsigned int controllerNum;
unsigned int SWmade;int
NumROI;
struct ROIinfo {unsigned int startx;
unsigned int endx;
unsigned int groupx;
unsigned int starty;
unsigned int endy;
unsigned int groupy;} ROIinfoblk[10];

char
char
char
float
char
long

FlatField[120];background[120];
blemish[120];software_ver;
UserInfo[1000];
WinView_id;

/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*

Version 2.6.A

1502 GPIB address (if used)
1504 GPIB controller address (if used)
1506 if multiple controller system will
have controller # data came from.
(Future Item)1508 Software which created this file1510 number of ROIs used. If 0 assume 11512 - 1630 ROI information
left x start value.
right x value.
amount x is binned/grouped in hw.
top y start value.
bottom y value.
amount y is binned/grouped in hw.
ROI Starting Offsets:
ROI 1 = 1512
ROI 2 = 1524
ROI 3 = 1536
ROI 4 = 1548
ROI 5 = 1560
ROI 6 = 1572
ROI 7 = 1584
ROI 8 = 1596
ROI 9 = 1608
ROI 10 = 1620
1632 Flat field file name.
1752 Background sub. file name.
1872 Blemish file name.
1992 Software version.
1996-2995 user data.
2996 Set to 0x01234567L if file wascreated by WinX

*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
.*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
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*/
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*/
*/
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*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
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*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
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*/
*/
*/

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Calibration Structures
There are three structures for the calibrations


The Area Inside the Calibration Structure (below) is repeated two times.
xcalibration,
ycalibration,/* 3000 - 3488 x axis calibration/* 3489 - 3977 y axis calibration*/*/

Start of X Calibration Structure
doubledouble
char
char
char
char
char
char

offset;factor;current_unit;
reserved1;
string[40];reserved2[40];calib_valid;
input_unit;charpolynom_unit;charpolynom_order;char
calib_count;doublepixel_position[10];doublecalib_value[10];doublepolynom_coeff[6];doublelaser_position;
char
reserved3;
unsigned char new_calib_flag;charcalib_label[81];char
expansion[87];

/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*

3000 offset for absolute data scaling
3008 factor for absolute data scaling
3016 selected scaling unit
3017 reserved
3018 special string for scaling
3058 reserved
3098 flag if calibration is valid
3099 current input units for"calib_value"
3100 linear UNIT and usedin the "polynom_coeff"
3101 ORDER of calibration POLYNOM
3102 valid calibration data pairs
3103 pixel pos. of calibration data
3183 calibration VALUE at above pos
3263 polynom COEFFICIENTS
3311 laser wavenumber for relative WN
3319 reserved
3320 If set to 200, valid label below
3321 Calibration label (NULL term'd)
3402 Calibration Expansion area

*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Appendix B

Data Structure

187

Start of Y Calibration Structure
doubledouble
char
char
char
char
char
char

offset;factor;current_unit;
reserved1;
string[40];reserved2[40];calib_valid;
input_unit;charpolynom_unit;charpolynom_order;char
calib_count;doublepixel_position[10];doublecalib_value[10];doublepolynom_coeff[6];doublelaser_position;
char
reserved3;
unsigned char new_calib_flag;charcalib_label[81];char
expansion[87];

/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*

3489 offset for absolute data scaling
3497 factor for absolute data scaling
3505 selected scaling unit
3506 reserved
3507 special string for scaling
3547 reserved
3587 flag if calibration is valid
3588 current input units for"calib_value"3589 linear UNIT and usedin the "polynom_coeff"
3590 ORDER of calibration POLYNOM
3591 valid calibration data pairs3592 pixel pos. of calibration data
3672 calibration VALUE at above pos3752 polynom COEFFICIENTS
3800 laser wavenumber for relative WN
3808 reserved3809 If set to 200, valid label below
3810 Calibration label (NULL term'd)
3891 Calibration Expansion area

*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------End of Calibration Structures
char
char
int

Istring[40];empty3[80];lastvalue;/* 3978 special Intensity scaling string/* 4018 empty block to reach 4100 bytes/* 4098 Always the LAST value in the header

*/
*/
*/

Version 2.5 Header (3/23/04)
The current data file used for WINX files consists of a 4100 (1004 Hex) byte header
followed by the data. Beginning with Version 2.5, many more items were added to theheader to make it a complete as possible record of the data collection. This includes
spectrograph and pulser information. Many of these additions were accomplished byrecycling old information that had not been used in previous versions. All data files
created under previous 2.x versions of WinView/WinSpec CAN still be read correctly.
HOWEVER, files created under the new versions (2.5 and higher) CANNOT be read byprevious versions of WinView/WinSpec OR by the CSMA software package.

Start of Header Information (0 - 2996)

short
short
WORD
WORD
short
float
short
short
WORD
char
short
char
short

ControllerVersion
LogicOutput
AmpHiCapLowNoisexDimDetmode
exp_sec
VChipXdim
VChipYdim
yDimDetdate[DATEMAX]
VirtualChipFlag
Spare_1[2]noscan

float
short
WORD
short

DetTemperature
DetType
xdim
stdiodeDecimal
Byte
Offset0
Hardware Version
2
Definition of Output BNC
4
Amp Switching Mode6
Detector x dimension of chip.
8
timing mode
10
alternative exposure, in sec.
14
Virtual Chip X dim
16
Virtual Chip Y dim
18
y dimension of CCD or detector.
20
date
30
On/Off
32
34
Old number of scans - should always be-1
36
Detector Temperature Set
40
CCD/DiodeArray type42
actual # of pixels on x axis
44
trigger diode

188

WinView/32 Manual
float
WORD
short
WORD
short
short
float
short
float
short
float
short
float
float
float
float
short
short
short
short
short
short
short
short

DelayTime
ShutterControl
AbsorbLive
AbsorbMode
CanDoVirtualChipFlag
ThresholdMinLive
ThresholdMinVal
ThresholdMaxLive
ThresholdMaxVal
SpecAutoSpectroMode
SpecCenterWlNm
SpecGlueFlag
SpecGlueStartWlNm
SpecGlueEndWlNm
SpecGlueMinOvrlpNm
SpecGlueFinalResNm
PulserType
CustomChipFlag
XPrePixels
XPostPixels
YPrePixels
YPostPixels
asynendatatype

short
WORD
DWORD
float
float
float
float
float
float
short
short
short
short
short
short
WORD
WORD
short
short
short
char
char
short
WORD
WORD
WORD
WORD
WORD
WORD
char
WORD

PulserMode
PulserOnChipAccums
PulserRepeatExp
PulseRepWidth
PulseRepDelay
PulseSeqStartWidth
PulseSeqEndWidth
PulseSeqStartDelay
PulseSeqEndDelay
PulseSeqIncMode
PImaxUsed
PImaxMode
PImaxGain
BackGrndApplied
PImax2nsBrdUsed
minblknumminblk
SpecMirrorLocation[2]SpecSlitLocation[4]CustomTimingFlag

char
WORD
WORD
short
float
short
short
short
short
float
short

xlabel[LABELMAX]
cleansNumSkpPerCln
SpecMirrorPos[2]SpecSlitPos[4]AutoCleansActive
UseContCleansInst
AbsorbStripNum
SpecSlitPosUnits
SpecGrooves
srccmp

46
50
52
54
56
58
60
64
66
70
72
76
78
82
86
90
94
96
98
100
102
104
106
108

110
112
114
118
122
126
130
134
138
142
144
146
148
150
152
154
156
158
162
170
ExperimentTimeLocal[TIMEMAX]172
ExperimentTimeUTC[TIMEMAX] 179
ExposUnits186
ADCoffset
188
ADCrate190
ADCtype
192
ADCresolution
194
ADCbitAdjust
196
gain
198
Comments[5][COMMENTMAX]
200
geometric
600
602
618
620
622
626
642
644
646
648
650
654

Version 2.6.A

Used with Async Mode
Normal, Disabled Open, Disabled Closed
On/Off
Reference Strip or File
T/F Cont/Chip able to do Virtual Chip
On/OffThreshold Minimum Value
On/OffThreshold Maximum Value
T/F Spectrograph Used
Center Wavelength in Nm
T/F File is Glued
Starting Wavelength in Nm
Starting Wavelength in Nm
Minimum Overlap in Nm
Final Resolution in Nm
0=None, PG200=1, PTG=2, DG535=3
T/F Custom Chip Used
Pre Pixels in X direction
Post Pixels in X direction
Pre Pixels in Y direction
Post Pixels in Y direction
asynchron enable flag 0 = off
experiment datatype
0 = float (4 bytes)
1 = long (4 bytes)
2 = short (2 bytes)
3 = unsigned short (2 bytes)
Repetitive/Sequential
Num PTG On-Chip Accums
Num Exp Repeats (Pulser SW Accum)
Width Value for Repetitive pulse (usec)
Width Value for Repetitive pulse (usec)Start Width for Sequential pulse (usec)
End Width for Sequential pulse (usec)Start Delay for Sequential pulse (usec)
End Delay for Sequential pulse (usec)
Increments: 1=Fixed, 2=Exponential
PI-Max type controller flag
PI-Max mode
PI-Max Gain
1 if background subtraction done
T/F PI-Max 2ns Board Used
min. # of strips per skips# of min-blocks before geo skps
Spectro Mirror Location, 0=Not Present
Spectro Slit Location, 0=Not Present
T/F Custom Timing Used
Experiment Local Time as hhmmss\0Experiment UTC Time as hhmmss\0User Units for Exposure
ADC offset
ADC rate
ADC type
ADC resolution
ADC bit adjust
gainFile Comments
geometric ops: rotate 0x01,reverse 0x02,
flip 0x04
intensity display stringcleansnumber of skips per clean.
Spectrograph Mirror Positions
Spectrograph Slit Positions
T/F
T/F
Absorbance Strip Number
Spectrograph Slit Position Units
Spectrograph Grating Grooves
number of source comp.diodes

Appendix B

Data Structure

WORD
short
short
short
long
long
float
short
char
char
short

ydim
scramble
ContinuousCleansFlag
ExternalTriggerFlag
lnoscanlavgexp
ReadoutTime
TriggeredModeFlag
Spare_2[10]sw_version[FILEVERMAX]
type

short
char
short
char
char
char

flatFieldApplied
Spare_3[16]kin_trig_mode
dlabel[LABELMAX]
Spare_4[436]PulseFileName[HDRNAMEMAX]

656
658
660
662
664
668
672
676
678
688
704

189

y dimension of raw data.
0=scrambled,1=unscrambled
T/F Continuous Cleans Timing Option
T/F External Trigger Timing Option
Number of scans (Early WinX)
Number of Accumulations
Experiment readout time
T/F Triggered Timing Option
Version of SW creating this file
1 = new120 (Type II)
2 = old120 (Type I)
3 = ST130
4 = ST121
5 = ST138
6 = DC131 (PentaMax)
7 = ST133 (MicroMax/SpectroMax)
8 = ST135 (GPIB)
9 = VICCD
10 = ST116 (GPIB)
11 = OMA3 (GPIB)
12 = OMA4
1 if flat field was applied.

706
708
724 Kinetics Trigger Mode726 Data label.
742
1178 Name of Pulser File with Pulse
Widths/Delays (for Z-Slice)
char
AbsorbFileName[HDRNAMEMAX] 1298 Name of Absorbance File (if File Mode)
DWORD
NumExpRepeats
1418 Number of Times experiment repeated
DWORD
NumExpAccums
1422 Number of Time experiment accumulated
short
YT_Flag
1426 Set to 1 if this file contains YT data
float
clkspd_us
1428 Vert Clock Speed in micro-sec
short
HWaccumFlag
1432 set to 1 if accum done by Hardware.
short
StoreSync
1434 set to 1 if store sync used
short
BlemishApplied
1436 set to 1 if blemish removal applied
short
CosmicApplied
1438 set to 1 if cosmic ray removal applied
short
CosmicType
1440 if cosmic ray applied, this is typefloat
CosmicThreshold
1442 Threshold of cosmic ray removal.
long
NumFrames
1446 number of frames in file.
float
MaxIntensity
1450 max intensity of data (future)
float
MinIntensity
1454 min intensity of data future)charylabel[LABELMAX]
1458 y axis label.
WORD
ShutterType1474 shutter type.
float
shutterComp
1476 shutter compensation time.
WORD
readoutMode1480 readout mode, full,kinetics, etc
WORD
WindowSize
1482 window size for kinetics only.
WORD
clkspd1484 clock speed for kinetics & frametransfer
WORD
interface_type
1486 computer interface (isa-taxi, pci, eisa,
etc.)
short
NumROIsInExperiment
1488 May be more than the 10 allowed in thisheader (if 0, assume 1)
char
Spare_5[16]
1490
WORD
controllerNum
1506 if multiple controller system will havecontroller number data came from. Thisis a future item.
WORD
SWmade1508 Which software package created this file
short
NumROI
1510 number of ROIs used. if 0 assume 1.
struct ROIinfo{
WORD
startxleft x start value.
WORD
endx
right x value.
WORD
groupxamount x is binned/grouped in hw.
WORDstarty
top y start value.
WORD
endy
bottom y value.
WORD
groupyamount y is binned/grouped in hw.

190

WinView/32 Manual} ROIinfoblk[ROIMAX]

char
char
char
float
char
long

FlatField[HDRNAMEMAX]
background[HDRNAMEMAX]
blemish[HDRNAMEMAX]
file_header_ver
YT_Info[1000]
WinView_id

Version 2.6.A

ROI Starting Offsets:
ROI 1 = 1512
ROI 2 = 1524
ROI 3 = 1536
ROI 4 = 1548
ROI 5 = 1560
ROI 6 = 1572
ROI 7 = 1584
ROI 8 = 1596
ROI 9 = 1608
ROI 10 = 1620
1632 Flat field file name.
1752 background sub. file name.
1872 blemish file name.
1992 version of this file header
1996-2995
Reserved for YT information
2996 == 0x01234567L if file created by WinX-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Calibration Structures
There are three structures for the calibrations


The Area Inside the Calibration Structure (below) is repeated two times.
xcalibration,
ycalibration,/* 3000 - 3488 x axis calibration/* 3489 - 3977 y axis calibration*/*/

Start of X Calibration Structure (3000 - 3488)
doubledouble
char
char
char
char
char
char
char

offsetfactorcurrent_unit
reserved1
string[40]reserved2[40]calib_valid
input_unit
polynom_unit

3000
3008
3016
3017
3018
3058
3098
3099
3100

char
char
doubledoubledoubledouble
char
BYTE
char
char

polynom_ordercalib_countpixel_position[10]calib_value[10]polynom_coeff[6]laser_position
reserved3
new_calib_flag
calib_label[81]expansion[87]

3101
3102
3103
3183
3263
3311
3319
3320
3321
3402

offset for absolute data scaling
factor for absolute data scaling
selected scaling unit
reserved
special string for scaling
reserved
flag if calibration is valid
current input units for "calib_value"linear UNIT and used in the"polynom_coeff"
ORDER of calibration POLYNOM
valid calibration data pairs
pixel pos. of calibration datacalibration VALUE at above pos
polynom COEFFICIENTS
laser wavenumber for relative WN
reserved
If set to 200, valid label below
Calibration label (NULL term'd)
Calibration Expansion area---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Start of Y Calibration Structure (3489 - 3977)
doubledouble
char
char
char
char
char
char
char

offsetfactorcurrent_unit
reserved1
string[40]reserved2[40]calib_valid
input_unit
polynom_unit

3489
3497
3505
3506
3507
3547
3587
3588
3589

char
char
doubledoublepolynom_ordercalib_countpixel_position[10]calib_value[10]

3590
3591
3592
3672

offset for absolute data scaling
factor for absolute data scaling
selected scaling unit
reserved
special string for scaling
reserved
flag if calibration is valid
current input units for "calib_value"linear UNIT and used in the"polynom_coeff"
ORDER of calibration POLYNOM
valid calibration data pairs
pixel pos. of calibration datacalibration VALUE at above pos

Appendix B
doubledouble
char
BYTE
char
char

Data Structure
polynom_coeff[6]laser_position
reserved3
new_calib_flag
calib_label[81]expansion[87]

3752
3800
3808
3809
3810
3891

191

polynom COEFFICIENTS
laser wavenumber for relative WN
reserved
If set to 200, valid label below
Calibration label (NULL term'd)
Calibration Expansion area-------------------------------------------------------------------------------End of Calibration Structures (3978-4098)
char
char
char
BYTE
BYTE
BYTE
DWORD
doubleBYTE
BYTE
doubleIstring[40]Istring[40]Spare_6[25]
SpecType
SpecModel
PulseBurstUsed
PulseBurstCount
PulseBurstPeriod
PulseBracketUsed
PulseBracketType
PulseTimeConstFast

3978
3978
4018
4043
4044
4045
4046
4050
4058
4059
4060

doubledoublePulseAmplitudeFast
PulseTimeConstSlow

4068
4076

double
short
short
short
short

PulseAmplitudeSlow
AnalogGain;
AvGainUsed
AvGainlastvalue

4084
4092
4094
4096
4098

Start of Data (4100 - )

4100
.
.
.

special intensity scaling string
special intensity scaling string
spectrometer type (acton, spex, etc.)
spectrometer model (type dependent)
pulser burst mode on/off
pulser triggers per burst
pulser burst period (in usec)
pulser bracket pulsing on/off
pulser bracket pulsing type
pulser slow exponential time constant (inusec)
pulser fast exponential amplitude constantpulser slow exponential time constant (inusec)
pulser slow exponential amplitude constantanalog gain
avalanche gain was usedavalanche gain value
Always the LAST value in the header
Start of Data***************************** End of File ***************************

Definition of Array Sizes
HDRNAMEMAX = 120
USERINFOMAX = 1000
COMMENTMAX = 80
LABELMAX =16
FILEVERMAX = 16
DATEMAX =10
ROIMAX =10
TIMEMAX =7

Max char str length for file name
User information space
User comment string max length (5 comments)
Label string max length
File version string max length
String length of file creation date string as ddmmmyyyy\0
Max size of roi array of structures
Max time store as hhmmss\0

Custom Data Types Used In the Structure
BYTE = unsigned char
WORD = unsigned short
DWORD = unsigned long

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Reading Data
Data follow the header beginning at offset 4100. In WinView/WinSpec, the data arealways stored exactly as they are collected. The order of the data depends on theplacement of the shift register. In the diagram below, the shift register is on the TOP of
the sensor. Each ROW of data is first shifted UP into the shift register and then LEFT.
The data are read (and stored) in this order:

The data are stored as sequential points and the X, Y, and Frame dimensions are
determined by the header.
The X dimension of the stored data is in "xdim" (Offset 42).
The Y dimension of the stored data is in "ydim" (Offset 656).

The size of a frame (in bytes) is:
One frame size = "xdim" x "ydim" x "datatype" (Offset 108)
The number of frames of data stored is in "NumFrames" (Offset 1446).

Appendix C
CD ROM Failure Work-Arounds
Although not common, there are CD drives that are not compatible with the Win ’95
long filename convention. Attempting to install on such a system causes the filenames tobe truncated and the install fails, causing a message like:An error occurred during the move data process: -113
Component: Application\WinXSystem
File Group: WinXSystem

Fortunately there are a couple of workarounds, both involving copying the install files tothe customer’s hard drive first, then installing the software from that location.
1. If possible, copy the files to the customer’s hard drive via another computer that
supports long file names. If the customer’s computer is part of a network then thefiles can be copied first to the hard drive of a computer that supports long file names,
then transferred through the network to the customer’s hard drive. Check the list of
files below to make sure that the long filenames remain intact. Then install thesoftware from this location on the hard drive.
2. Copy the files to the customer’s hard drive from the customer’s CD-ROM, then fix
the names of the files that were truncated. There are only 7 files that are not DOS
compatible (8 + 3), so this at most a 10 minute job. Here are their abbreviated andfull filenames. (Not all of these files are used in the standard installation but all arepresent on the CD.)

CLSSNA~1.CLS, rename to clsSnapIn.cls



PIXCMT~1.DLL, rename to PIXCMTXT32.dll



WINX_R~1.DOC, rename to WinX_readme.doc



WINX32~1.BAS, rename to Winx32Test.basWINX32~1.DOC, rename to Winx32 Automation - VB Version.doc



WINX32~1.FRM, rename to Winx32Test.frm



WINX32~1.FRX, rename to Winx32Test.frx

193

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Version 2.6.A

Appendix D
WinView/32 Repair and MaintenanceNote: When WinView/32 is installed, it modifies the Windows Registry file. If for any
reason you reinstall Windows, the Registry file may be replaced, and WinView/32 may
not run correctly. Reinstall WinView/32 to correct this problem.

Install/Uninstall WinView/32 Components at a Later Time
After you have installed WinView/32, you may want to install additional WinView/32
files or to uninstall selected files. To do so:
1. Start the installation program, click on CONTINUE, click on Install WinSpec/32 or
WinView/32, and then click on Install WinView/32 for Windows. Refer toFigure 160 below.

a.

b.

c.
Figure 160. WinSpec, WinView, or WinXTest Selection dialogs

2. On the Enter Password dialog, enter the password and click on Next.

195

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Figure 161. Media Password dialog

3. Because WinView/32 was previously installed, the Application Maintenancedialog (Figure 162) will be displayed.

Figure 162. Application Maintenance dialog

4. Select the Modify radio button and click on Next.

Figure 163. Select Features dialog

5. On the Select Features dialog, click on the feature you want to install or uninstalland select the appropriate action from the list.
6. Then click on Next and follow the instructions on the dialogs.

Appendix D

WinView/32 Repair and Maintenance197

7. Click on Finish when the WinView/32 has been successfully installed dialog isdisplayed.

Figure 164. WinView/32 has been successfully installed dialog

8. Exit from the installation program or choose another program to install, perform
maintenance on, or uninstall.

Figure 165. Exit or Install another Program dialog

Installing More than One Version of WinView/32
You can install more than one version of WinSpec/32, WinView/32 or any combinationof the two on a single computer. The install program will automatically create the new
directory.

Caution

Do not install both the WinView/32 and WinSpec/32 software packages in the same
directory.

CautionAlthough several different versions of WinView/32 and/or WinSpec/32 can be installedon the same computer without conflicts, you should not run more than one version at any
one time. The manner in which Princeton Instruments software allocates memory fordata collection precludes collecting data using two software packages at once.

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PIHWDEF.INI & SESSION.DAT
WinView/16 and PIHWDEF.INI: The hardware initialization file PIHWDEF.INI, is
included with 16-bit versions of WinView software. The file contains all of the hardware
settings necessary to get started and is read the first time WinView is executed. At the endof the first operating session, the settings in effect are written to SESSION.DAT, which isread the next time WinView software is operated so that the new session will begin withthe same settings that were in effect at the end of the previous one.
WinView/32 and the Windows Registry: WinView/32 does not need PIHWDEF.INI orSESSION.DAT, because it automatically stores the settings in the registry at the end of each
operating session. However, WinView/32 will read the WinView/16 PIHWDEF.INI orSESSION.DAT if they are copied to the directory containing the WinView/32 software. This
allows users who are upgrading from a 16-bit version of WinView to WinView/32 to transfer
their previous operating settings to the new software. However, there is a constraint: if there
are settings in the registry (i.e., WinView/32 has been operated at least once), the software
will not read PIHWDEF.INI or SESSION.DAT unless the file date is newer than the date of
the stored registry settings. This problem can be avoided by simply copying PIHWDEF.INI orSESSION.DAT to the WinView/32 directory before operating it the first time. If that
opportunity is lost, a newer SESSION.DAT can be created by booting the 16-bit WinView
software and then exiting the program in the usual manner. Similarly, a text editor could be
used to open/edit a copy of PIHWDEF.INI and then save it so that it has the current date.

Uninstalling and Reinstalling
If you suspect any of the WinView/32 files have become corrupt, you should first delete all
WinView/32 files, then reinstall the software from the CD or the FTP site. Follow the steps
below to remove WinView/32. Note that some files may remain. They will have to be
removed manually.
To uninstall WinView/32 from your computer:
1. Open the Windows Control Panel.
2. Double-click on Add/Remove Programs.
3. Highlight the WinView/32 version to uninstall and click on Add/Remove.
Notes:
1. The directory in which WinView/32 was originally installed will remain, as will
any files it contains that were not placed there during the original installation.
2. The Data directory created during the original installation may also be deleted. Anydata files you want to save should be copied to a safe location before uninstalling.
3. The Version # and User identification will be removed from the registry.
However, the registry also contains much information that was placed there in
the course of setting up and operating the software. That information will remain
and will be available for use if WinView/32 is later reinstalled.
4. Follow the instructions on the dialogs.
To reinstall WinView/32 and any options, follow the procedure as described
beginning on page 25.

Appendix E
USB 2.0 Limitations
The following information covers the currently known limitations associated with
operating under the USB 2.0 interface.
Maximum cable length is 5 meters (16.4 feet)

1 MHz is currently the upper digitization rate limit for the ST-133 Controller.



Large data sets and/or long acquisition times may be subject to data overrun
because of host computer interrupts during data acquisition.

USB 2.0 is not supported by the Princeton Instruments PC Interface Library (Easy
DLLS).



Some WinView/WinSpec 2.5.X features are not fully supported with USB 2.0.
See the table below.

FeatureDemo Port Capability

Supported with USB 2.0 in
WinX 2.5.X
NO

Remarks

DIF

NO

Kinetics

YES

Reset Camera to NVRAM
Defaults

NO

Temperature Lock Status

YES

PTG

YES

Virtual ChipNO

Custom Timing

YES

WinX 2.5.18.1

Custom Chip

YES

WinX 2.5.18.1

Frames per Interrupt

NO

RS170 (Video Output)

NO

Online Exposure

NO

File Information

YES

Overlapping ROIsNO

WinX 2.5.18.1

WinX 2.5.x does not
utilize hardware lockstatusNot all header info iscurrently available in
WinX 2.5.x through
PVCAM

Table 4. Features Supported under USB 2.0 (continued on next page)

199

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WinView/32 Manual
FeatureMacro Record

TTL I/O

Supported with USB 2.0 in
WinX 2.5.X
YES

Version 2.6.A
Remarks
Macros recorded for nonPVCAM cameras may
have to be re-recorded tofunctionNO
Table 4. Features Supported under USB 2.0

Appendix F
Troubleshooting
Introduction
The following information is provided for troubleshooting communication errors that
may occur.

Camera1 (or similar name) on Hardware Setup dialog

Figure 166. Camera1 in Camera Name Field

When a PVCAM-based camera is detected/selected during the Camera Detection Wizard(formerly the Hardware Wizard), a default name such as Camera1 will be shown in the
Detected Hardware table and will be entered in the Camera Name (or Controller
Type) on the Setup|Hardware|Controller/CCD tab. Because this name is notparticularly descriptive, you may want to change it. Such a change is made by editing the
PVCAM.INI file that is generated by Camera Detection Wizard.
To change the default Controller Type name:
1. Using Notepad or a similar text editor, open PVCAM.INI, which is located in
the Windows directory (C:\WINNT, for example). You should see entries likethe ones below.
[Camera_1]
Type=1
Name=Camera1
Driver=apausb.sys
Port=0ID=523459
2. Change the "Name=" entry to something more meaningful for you (for example,
ST133USB - to indicate that this is a PVCAM-based system using an ST-133
with a USB 2.0 interface) and save the edited file.
[Camera_1]
Type=1
Name=ST133USB
Driver=apausb.sys
Port=0ID=523459
3. The new Camera Name (or Controller Type) name will now appear on the
Hardware Setup|Controller/Camera tab.
201

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Controller Is Not Responding
If this message pops up when you click on OK after selecting the "Interface Type" during
Hardware Setup (under the WinView/32 Setup menu), the system has not been able tocommunicate with the Controller. Check to see if Controller has been turned ON and if
the interface card, its driver, and the interface cable have been installed.


If the Controller is ON, the problem may be with the interface card, its driver,interrupt or address conflicts, or the cable connections.



If the interface card is not installed, close the application program and turn theController OFF. Follow the interface card installation instructions in provided
with your interface card and cable the card to the SERIAL COM port on the rearof the Controller. Then do a "Custom" installation of WinView/32 with theappropriate interface component selected: "PCI Interface" or "ISA Interface",
depending on the interface card type. Be sure to deselect the interface component
that does not apply to your system.
Note: WinX (versions 2.5.0 and higher) does not support the ISA interface.



If the interface card is installed in the computer and is cabled to the SERIAL
COM port on the rear of the Controller, close the application program and turn
the Controller OFF. Check the cable connections and tighten the locking screws
if the connections are loose.



If the interface card was installed after WinView/32 has been installed, close thatapplication and do a "Custom" installation of it with the appropriate interface
component selected: "PCI Interface" or "ISA Interface", depending on theinterface card type. Be sure to deselect the interface component that does not
apply to your system.
Note: WinX (versions 2.5.0 and higher) does not support the ISA interface.

Data Loss or Serial Violation
You may experience either or both of these conditions if the host computer has been set
up with Power Saving features enabled. This is particularly true for power saving withregard to the hard drive. Make sure that Power Saving features are disabled while you
are running WinView/32.

Data Overrun Due to Hardware Conflict message

Figure 167. Data Overrun Due to Hardware Conflict dialog

If this dialog appears when you try to acquire a test image, acquire data, or run in focus
mode, check the array size and then check the DMA buffer size. A large array (forexample, a 2048x2048 array), requires a larger DMA buffer larger setting than that for asmaller array (for example, a 512x512 array).

Appendix F

Troubleshooting203

To change the DMA buffer setting:
1. Note the array size (on the Setup|Hardware|Controller/CCD tab or theAcquisition|Experiment Setup|Main tab Full Chip dimensions).
2. Open Setup|Environment|Environment dialog.
3. Increase the DMA buffer size to a minimum of 32 Mb (64 Mb if it is currently
32 Mb or 128 Mb if it is currently 64 Mb), click on OK, and close WinView.
4. Reboot your computer.
5. Restart WinView and begin acquiring data or focusing. If you see the message
again, increase the DMA buffer size.

Data Overrun Has Occurred message
Because of memory constraints and the way that USB transfers data, a "Data overrun has
occurred" message may be displayed during data acquisition. If this message isdisplayed, take one or more of the following actions:
1. Minimize the number of programs running in the background while you are
acquiring data with WinView/32.
2. Run data acquisition in Safe Mode.
3. Add memory.
4. Use binning.
5. Increase the exposure time.
6. Defragment the hard disk.
7. Update the Orange Micro USB2 driver. See "OrangeUSB USB 2.0 Driver
Update", page 205.
If the problem persists, your application may be USB 2.0 bus limited. Since the host computer
controls the USB 2.0 bus, there may be situations where the host computer interrupts the USB
2.0 port. In most cases, the interrupt will go unnoticed by the user. However, there are someinstances when the data overrun cannot be overcome because USB 2.0 bus limitations
combined with long data acquisition times and/or large data sets increase the possibility of aninterrupt while data is being acquired. If your experiment requirements include long dataacquisition times and/or large data sets, your application may not be suitable for the USB 2.0
interface. Therefore, we recommend replacement of the USB 2.0 interface module with our
TAXI interface module and Princeton Instruments (RSPI) high speed PCI card. If this is not
the case and data overruns continue to occur, contact Customer Support (see page 214 forcontact information).

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Error Creating Controller message
This message may be displayed if you are using the USB 2.0 interface and have not run
the RSConfig.exe program (see previous topic), if the PVCAM.INI file has beencorrupted, or if the ST-133 was not turned on before you started WinView/32 and beganrunning the Hardware Wizard.

Figure 168. Error Creating Controller dialogs

Error 129: Indicates that the problem is with the PVCAM.INI file. Close WinView/32,
run RSConfig, make sure the ST-133 is on, reopen WinView, and begin running the
Hardware Wizard.
Error 183: Indicates that the ST-133 is off. If you are running the Hardware Wizard
when this message appears, click on OK, turn on the ST-133, and, on the PVCAM
dialog, make sure Yes is selected and then click on Next. The Hardware Wizard
should continue to the Controller Type dialog.

Ethernet Network is not accessible
When the Princeton Instruments software is installed, all Intel Pro/1000 interface card
drivers found on the host computer are updated with the Intel Pro/1000 Grabber Adapter(Vision High-Performance IP Device) driver provided by Pleora Technologies, Inc. If
this computer is connected to an Ethernet network via an Intel Pro/1000 card that does
not use the Pleora driver, the network connection will be broken.
To restore the driver for a Ethernet card used to connect to the network:
1. Locate the EbDriverTool.exe file.


Download the EbDriverTool.exe file to your computer fromftp://ftp.princetoninstruments.com/public/software/utl



Or open the default Pleora directory. Typically it is located at C:\Program
Files\Common Files\Pleora Technologies Inc. The EbDriverTool.exe file may
be in a subdirectory.

2. Run the file.
3. When this program executes, select the appropriate Ethernet card and under the
Action category, choose “Install Manufacturer Driver” from the pulldown menu.

Appendix F

Troubleshooting

205

Figure 169. Ebus Driver Installation Tool dialog

4. After making the selection, click on Install.
5. After the installation you will be asked to reboot the computer. You can

Click on “Yes” to initiate the reboot.



Click on “No” to wait before rebooting. If you select “No,” you may be required
to close the eBUS Driver Installation Tool dialog. Reboot the computer atyour convenience.

6. After the reboot, verify that the network connection has been re-established.

OrangeUSB USB 2.0 Driver Update
This procedure is highly recommended when a laptop computer will be used tocommunicate with the ST-133. We recommend the SIIG, Inc. USB 2.0 PC Card, Model
US2246 if USB 2.0 is not native to the laptop's motherboard. To reduce the instances ofdata overruns and serial violations, the OrangeUSB USB 2.0 Host Controller installed
for the SIIG card should be replaced by the appropriate Microsoft driver (Windows XP
Vista (32-bit), or Windows 7 (32-bit), depending on the laptop's operating system.)
Note: This procedure may also be performed for desktop computers that use the Orange
Micro 70USB90011 USB2.0 PCI.
1. Download and install Microsoft Service Pack 1 (for Windows XP) if the service
pack has not been installed.
2. From the Windows Start menu, select Settings|Control Panel.
3. Select System and then System Properties.
4. Select the Hardware tab and click on Device Manager button.
5. Expand Universal Serial Bus Controllers.
6. Right-mouse click on OrangeUSB USB 2.0 Host Controller and selectProperties.
7. On the Driver tab, click on the Update Driver… button. You may have to waita minute or so before you will be allowed to click on the button.
8. When the Upgrade Device Driver Wizard appears, click on Next. Select the
Search for a suitable driver … radio button.
9. On the next screen select the Specify a location check box.
10. Browse and select the location. Click on OK.

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11. In the Driver Files Search Results window, check the Install one of theother drivers check box.
12. Select the NEC PCI to USB Enhanced Host Controller B1 driver. Click on
Next and the installation will take place. When the Completing the Upgrade
Device Driver Wizard window appears, click on Finish. You will then be
given the choice of restarting the computer now or later. According to thewindow text, the hardware associated with the driver will not work until you
restart the computer.

Program Error message

Figure 170. Program Error dialog

This dialog may appear if you have tried to acquire a test image, acquire data, or run infocusing mode and the DMA buffer size is too small. A large array (for example, a2048x2048 array), requires a larger setting than that for a smaller array (for example, a
512x512 array).
To correct the problem:
1. Click on OK.
2. Reboot WinView.
3. Note the array size (on the Setup|Hardware|Controller/CCD tab or theAcquisition|Experiment Setup|Main tab Full Chip dimensions). If yourcamera contains a large array (such as a 2048x2048 array), and the DMA buffer
size is too small, there will not be enough space in memory for the data set.
4. Open Setup|Environment|Environment dialog.
5. Increase the DMA buffer size to a minimum of 32 Mb (64 Mb if it is currently
32 Mb or 128 Mb if it is currently 64 Mb), click on OK, and close WinView.
6. Reboot your computer.
7. Restart WinView and begin acquiring data or focusing. If you see the message
again, increase the DMA buffer size.

Appendix F

Troubleshooting

207

Serial violations have occurred. Check interface cable.

Figure 171. Serial Violations Have Occurred dialog

This error message dialog will appear if you try to acquire an image or focus the cameraand either (or both) of the following conditions exists:The camera system is not turned ON.

There is no communication between the camera and the host computer.

To correct the problem:
1. Turn OFF the camera system (if it is not already OFF).
2. Make sure the Detector-Controller cable is secured at both ends and that thecomputer interface cable is secured at both ends.
3. After making sure that the cables are connected, turn the camera system powerON.
4. Click OK on the error message dialog and retry acquiring an image or running infocus mode.
Note: This error message will also be displayed if you turn the camera system OFF or acable comes loose while the application software is running in Focus mode.

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Appendix G
Glossary
A/D converter: Analog-to-digital converter. In a CCD camera system, the electronic
circuitry that converts the analog information (continuous amplitudes) acquired by thecamera into the digital data (quantified, discrete steps) used for image display.
ADU: Analog-to-digital unit. A number representing a CCD's output. The relationshipbetween the ADUs generated and the number of electrons acquired on the CCD isdefined by the system gain. Intensities given in ADUs provide a convenient method forcomparing images and data generated by different cameras. Also referred to as count anddigital number.
Anti-blooming: Blooming is caused by saturation of one or more CCD pixels. Thiscan occur if the incoming light is too bright or when extensive serial and parallel binningis being performed. When this saturation happens, the excess charge overflows into theadjacent pixels and results in a streak or a blob appearing on the image. Anti-blooming istraditionally controlled by specific CCD architecture designs that drain the excess
charge.
Avalanche Gain: Also called "on-chip multiplication gain". A technology that enables
multiplication of charge (i.e., electrons) collected in each pixel of the CCD’s activearray. Secondary electrons are generated via an impact-ionization process that is initiatedand sustained when higher-than-typical voltages are applied to an "extended" portion of
the CCD’s serial register. Multiplying the signal above the read noise of the output
amplifier enables ultra-low-light detection at high operation speeds. (Some CCD cameras
with on-chip multiplication gain utilize two output amplifiers, an "on-chip multiplication
gain" amplifier that allows the camera to be used for low-light, high-speed applications
and a "traditional" amplifier for wide-dynamic-range applications.)
Bias: In a CCD camera system, the minimum intensity required for each exposure(equivalent to performing a zero-second exposure with the shutter closed). Without
adding any light, the bias allows charge to be read out on the CCD while raising theintensity level high enough to ensure that the camera does not deliver a negative number
to the A/D converter. (The A/D converter only works in the set of positive numbers andhas no instructions for processing negative numbers.) The bias may be user settable.
However, it is set at the factory and should remain stable over the lifetime of the camera
system.
Binning: Hardware binning is the process of combining the charge from adjacent pixels
in a CCD before the signal is read out by the preamplifier. A binning of 1 in both
directions reads out each pixel at full X-axis resolution. A binning of 2 in both directions
combines four pixels, cutting the X-axis resolution in half, but quadrupling the lightcollecting area. If the CCD chip shift register is being saturated due to hardware binning,
you can use software binning instead by checking Use Software Binning on the ROI
Setup tab. Note that software binning is not as fast as hardware binning.

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Cancel button: Exits a dialog without performing any processing. Any changes to the
dialog are lost.
Close button: Closes the dialog or window with no action taken.
Dark current: (1) The charge accumulated within a well, in the absence of light. (2)The background current that flows in a charge-coupled device or image intensifier of acamera system. Cooling the photodetector's primary imaging surface (i.e., the CCD's
photoconductor or the image intensifier's photocathode) can reduce or eliminate darkcurrent. Also called thermally generated charge. Dark current can be subtracted from animage.
Gating: In an intensified camera system, the application of a voltage that switches theimage intensifier on and off in very short intervals. Gating improves temporal resolution.
Gating can be controlled by the programmed exposure time (Shutter Mode) or isdetermined by the Pulser settings (Gate Mode).
Help button: Opens the context-sensitive help for the active tab or dialog.
Host computer: The primary or controlling computer for a camera.
Mouse button: Allows you to specify a region to be processed using the mouse.
Simply drag a box in the data region of the active window and then click on Mouse. The
Frame and Range parameters will assume the values of the defined region. Note that
the Mouse button is only active when the Input tab is selected.
MPP: Multi-pinned-phase operation. A mode that reduces the rate of dark current
generation by a factor of 20 or more, relaxing CCD cooling requirements to the level
where a thermoelectric cooler is sufficient for most applications. Also called inverted
operation.
NVRAM: Non-Volatile Random Access Memory. NVRAM contains factoryprogrammed information about the controller and, in many cases, the camera/detector.
Process button: Causes the specified operation or process to be performed. The
process is performed on the data specified on the Input tab and saved using the file nameand data type specified on the Output tab.
PVCAM®: Programmable Virtual Camera Access Method. An exclusive (Roper
Scientific) universal programming interface. A set of software library routines that
implements a detector or camera's operations in a hardware-independent, platformindependent (or "virtual") suite of function calls. Once an application has been written tocontrol one PVCAM-enabled camera, all PVCAM-enabled cameras are then compatible
with that application.
ROI: Region of interest. A user-defined, rectangular area (a square is common) on a
CCD that is exposed and processed as an image.
Shutter Compensation Time: The time it takes for a mechanical shutter to open or
close. This time needs to be accounted for during hardware setup so the software canallow enough time for the shutter to open before starting data acquisition and allow
enough time for it to close before reading out the array.

Warranty & Service
Limited Warranty
Princeton Instruments, a division of Roper Scientific, Inc. ("Princeton Instruments", "us","we", "our") makes the following limited warranties. These limited warranties extend tothe original purchaser ("You", "you") only and no other purchaser or transferee. We
have complete control over all warranties and may alter or terminate any or all
warranties at any time we deem necessary.

Basic Limited One (1) Year Warranty
Princeton Instruments warrants this product against substantial defects in materials and /or workmanship for a period of up to one (1) year after shipment. During this period,
Princeton Instruments will repair the product or, at its sole option, repair or replace any
defective part without charge to you. You must deliver the entire product to the Princeton
Instruments factory or, at our option, to a factory-authorized service center. You areresponsible for the shipping costs to return the product. International customers should
contact their local Princeton Instruments authorized representative/distributor for repair
information and assistance, or visit our technical support page atwww.princetoninstruments.com.

Limited One (1) Year Warranty on Refurbished or Discontinued
Products
Princeton Instruments warrants, with the exception of the CCD imaging device (which
carries NO WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED), this product against defects inmaterials or workmanship for a period of up to one (1) year after shipment. During thisperiod, Princeton Instruments will repair or replace, at its sole option, any defective
parts, without charge to you. You must deliver the entire product to the Princeton
Instruments factory or, at our option, a factory-authorized service center. You areresponsible for the shipping costs to return the product to Princeton Instruments.
International customers should contact their local Princeton Instruments
representative/distributor for repair information and assistance or visit our technicalsupport page at www.princetoninstruments.com.

XP Vacuum Chamber Limited Lifetime Warranty
Princeton Instruments warrants that the cooling performance of the system will meet our
specifications over the lifetime of an XP style detector (has all metal seals) or Princeton
Instruments will, at its sole option, repair or replace any vacuum chamber components
necessary to restore the cooling performance back to the original specifications at no costto the original purchaser. Any failure to "cool to spec" beyond our Basic (1) year limited
warranty from date of shipment, due to a non-vacuum-related component failure (e.g.,
any components that are electrical/electronic) is NOT covered and carries NO
WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. Responsibility for shipping charges is as
described above under our Basic Limited One (1) Year Warranty.

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Sealed Chamber Integrity Limited 12 Month Warranty
Princeton Instruments warrants the sealed chamber integrity of all our products for aperiod of twelve (12) months after shipment. If, at anytime within twelve (12) months
from the date of delivery, the detector should experience a sealed chamber failure, allparts and labor needed to restore the chamber seal will be covered by us. Open chamber
products carry NO WARRANTY TO THE CCD IMAGING DEVICE, EXPRESSED ORIMPLIED. Responsibility for shipping charges is as described above under our Basic
Limited One (1) Year Warranty.

Vacuum Integrity Limited 12 Month Warranty
Princeton Instruments warrants the vacuum integrity of “Non-XP” style detectors (do nothave all metal seals) for a period of up to twelve (12) months from the date of shipment.
We warrant that the detector head will maintain the factory-set operating temperature
without the requirement for customer pumping. Should the detector experience a
Vacuum Integrity failure at anytime within twelve (12) months from the date of delivery
all parts and labor needed to restore the vacuum integrity will be covered by us.
Responsibility for shipping charges is as described above under our Basic Limited One(1) Year Warranty.

Image Intensifier Detector Limited One Year Warranty
All image intensifier products are inherently susceptible to Phosphor and/or
Photocathode burn (physical damage) when exposed to high intensity light. Princeton
Instruments warrants, with the exception of image intensifier products that are found tohave Phosphor and/or Photocathode burn damage (which carry NO WARRANTIESEXPRESSED OR IMPLIED), all image intensifier products for a period of one (1) year
after shipment. See additional Limited One (1) year Warranty terms and conditions
above, which apply to this warranty. Responsibility for shipping charges is as describedabove under our Basic Limited One (1) Year Warranty.

X-Ray Detector Limited One Year Warranty
Princeton Instruments warrants, with the exception of CCD imaging device and fiber
optic assembly damage due to X-rays (which carry NO WARRANTIES EXPRESSEDOR IMPLIED), all X-ray products for one (1) year after shipment. See additional Basic
Limited One (1) year Warranty terms and conditions above, which apply to thiswarranty. Responsibility for shipping charges is as described above under our Basic
Limited One (1) Year Warranty.

Software Limited Warranty
Princeton Instruments warrants all of our manufactured software discs to be free fromsubstantial defects in materials and / or workmanship under normal use for a period ofone (1) year from shipment. Princeton Instruments does not warrant that the function of
the software will meet your requirements or that operation will be uninterrupted or error
free. You assume responsibility for selecting the software to achieve your intended
results and for the use and results obtained from the software. In addition, during the one(1) year limited warranty. The original purchaser is entitled to receive free version
upgrades. Version upgrades supplied free of charge will be in the form of a downloadfrom the Internet. Those customers who do not have access to the Internet may obtain theversion upgrades on a CD-ROM from our factory for an incidental shipping and handlingcharge. See Item 12 in the following section of this warranty ("Your Responsibility") for
more information.

Warranty & Service

213

Owner's Manual and Troubleshooting
You should read the owner’s manual thoroughly before operating this product. In theunlikely event that you should encounter difficulty operating this product, the owner’s
manual should be consulted before contacting the Princeton Instruments technicalsupport staff or authorized service representative for assistance. If you have consulted
the owner's manual and the problem still persists, please contact the Princeton
Instruments technical support staff or our authorized service representative. See Item 12in the following section of this warranty ("Your Responsibility") for more information.

Your Responsibility
The above Limited Warranties are subject to the following terms and conditions:
1. You must retain your bill of sale (invoice) and present it upon request for service
and repairs or provide other proof of purchase satisfactory to Princeton
Instruments.
2. You must notify the Princeton Instruments factory service center within (30)days after you have taken delivery of a product or part that you believe to be
defective. With the exception of customers who claim a "technical issue" withthe operation of the product or part, all invoices must be paid in full inaccordance with the terms of sale. Failure to pay invoices when due may resultin the interruption and/or cancellation of your one (1) year limited warranty
and/or any other warranty, expressed or implied.
3. All warranty service must be made by the Princeton Instruments factory or, at our
option, an authorized service center.
4. Before products or parts can be returned for service you must contact the
Princeton Instruments factory and receive a return authorization number (RMA).
Products or parts returned for service without a return authorization evidenced
by an RMA will be sent back freight collect.
5. These warranties are effective only if purchased from the Princeton Instruments
factory or one of our authorized manufacturer's representatives or distributors.
6. Unless specified in the original purchase agreement, Princeton Instruments is not
responsible for installation, setup, or disassembly at the customer’s location.
7. Warranties extend only to defects in materials or workmanship as limited above
and do not extend to any product or part which has:
been lost or discarded by you;
been damaged as a result of misuse, improper installation, faulty or
inadequate maintenance or failure to follow instructions furnished by us;
had serial numbers removed, altered, defaced, or rendered illegible;
been subjected to improper or unauthorized repair; orbeen damaged due to fire, flood, radiation, or other "acts of God" or othercontingencies beyond the control of Princeton Instruments.
8. After the warranty period has expired, you may contact the Princeton
Instruments factory or a Princeton Instruments-authorized representative forrepair information and/or extended warranty plans.
9. Physically damaged units or units that have been modified are not acceptable forrepair in or out of warranty and will be returned as received.

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10. All warranties implied by state law or non-U.S. laws, including the implied
warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, are expressly
limited to the duration of the limited warranties set forth above. With the exception of
any warranties implied by state law or non-U.S. laws, as hereby limited, the forgoingwarranty is exclusive and in lieu of all other warranties, guarantees, agreements, andsimilar obligations of manufacturer or seller with respect to the repair or replacementof any parts. In no event shall Princeton Instruments' liability exceed the cost of therepair or replacement of the defective product or part.
11. This limited warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have otherrights that may vary from state to state and from country to country. Some states
and countries do not allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts,
when an action may be brought, or the exclusion or limitation of incidental orconsequential damages, so the above provisions may not apply to you.
12. When contacting us for technical support or service assistance, please refer tothe Princeton Instruments factory of purchase, contact your authorized Princeton
Instruments representative or reseller, or visit our technical support page atwww.princetoninstruments.com.

Contact Information
Roper Scientific's manufacturing facility for this product is located at the following
address:
Princeton Instruments
3660 Quakerbridge Road
Trenton, NJ 08619 (USA)
Tel: 1-800-874-9789 / 1-609-587-9797
Fax: 1-609-587-1970
Customer Support E-mail: techsupport@princetoninstruments.com
For immediate support in your area, please call the following locations directly:
North America

800 899 1144 (toll free) or 609 587 9797

France+33 (1) 60 86 03 65

Germany+49 (0) 89 660 7793

Japan

+81 (3) 5639 2741

UK & Ireland+44 (0) 1628 472 346

Singapore+65 6408 6240

China

+86 10 659 16460

Otherwise, see our Support web page at www.princetoninstruments.com.
An up-to-date list of addresses and telephone numbers is posted on the
www.princetoninstruments.com/Support page. In addition, links on this page
to support topics allow you to send e-mail based requests to the customer
support group.

Index#-A
3D graph
display .................................................................72
procedure .............................................................73
3D layout
z axis endpoint.....................................................81
Absolute math operation ........................................111
Addition math operation ........................................111
Amplitude .............................................................. 155
AND math operation..............................................112
ASCII output (on-line) process ................................ 90
Auto Selecteleven or more strips ...........................................60
two strips .............................................................60
Auto Select algorithm ..............................................60
eleven or more strips .............................................65
single strip ...........................................................65
two strips .............................................................65
Auto Select Image, Graph or 3D Graph ...................59
AUX DLY'D TRIG OUT ......................................138
Avalanche gain ................................................49, 209
Axis labeling ............................................................84

B
Background subtraction .................................103, 104
acquiring background files ................................ 103
automatic ...........................................................104
Binary math operations ..........................................112
Binning
constraints with PCI card............................. 98, 209
hardware ..............................................................98
post-process .......................................................130
software ............................................................... 98
Binning and Skipping
post-processing ..................................................130
procedure ...........................................................130
restrictions and liminations................................ 131
Bitwise math operations
AND ..................................................................112
complement .......................................................112
exclusive OR .....................................................112
OR .....................................................................112
Block size ................................................................ 45

C
Calibration structures .....................................186, 190
Camera Detection wizard .........................................33

Cautions
running different versions ..................................197
WinView/32 & WinSpec/32 in same directory..25, 26
CCD Blemish removal ............................................106
Circuit.spe displayed................................................66
Clean cycles ............................................................. 93
CLEANING signal ..................................................39
Cleans/Skips tab
Cleans ..................................................................43
Minimum Block Size ...........................................45
Number of Blocks ...............................................45
Number of Cleans ................................................43
Number of Strips per Clean .................................43
Use Continuous Cleans Instruction .....................44
Cleans/Skips tab parameters
Clean Mode.......................................................... 43
Vertical Skips .......................................................45
Clipping and Threshold procedure ........................ 128
Closing a data file ......................................................63
Coloraxes, labels, graphs, background and surfaces.....85
Complement math operation ..................................112
Computer requirement .............................................19
Contact information ...............................................214
Continuous cleans ....................................................94
Continuous Cleans Instruction ........................... 44, 96
Correction techniques ............................................103
Cosmic Ray removal ..............................................107
Cross sections (post-processing)parameters ......................................................... 129
procedure ........................................................... 129
Cursor Curve............................................................ 79
Cursor functions
cursor size............................................................ 78
data displayed as graph or image .........................78
Custom Chip .................................................... 40, 163
Custom Filter (post-processing)parameters ......................................................... 122
procedure ........................................................... 122
Custom Timing ................................................40, 164
Custom Toolbar
adding a button ..................................................160
customization of ................................................159
display ............................................................... 159
removing a button ..............................................160
settings............................................................... 159
Customer support ...................................................214

215

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D
Dark charge............................................................104
Data collection (Initial) ............................................47
Experiment Setup procedure
PI-MAX, PI-MAX2, PI-MAX3 ......................52
steps common to all controller types ...........49
PentaMAX...........................................................55
PI-MAX, PI-MAX2, PI-MAX3 ..........................53
procedure for all controllers ................................ 57
Skips and Cleans .................................................49
ST-133.................................................................53
temperature control .............................................48
Data correction techniques.....................................103
Data display types......................................................65
Data displayed as 3D graph .....................................72
Data displayed as graph
5%-95% display range.........................................75
brightness/contrast control ................................ 67
context window ...................................................69
cursor ...................................................................78
Cursor Curve .......................................................79
cursor functions ...................................................78
displaying one strip .............................................77
hidden surfaces ....................................................80
Information box ....................................................77
Marker Curve ......................................................79
multiple strips ......................................................79
ROI ......................................................................76
strip selection .......................................................79
Undo All Zoom In ...............................................76
Zoom In ............................................................... 76
Data displayed as image
autoranging ROI ..................................................84
axes and cross sections ...........................................82axes labeling ........................................................84
brightness ............................................................67
color of axes and labels .......................................85
context window ...................................................69
cursor functions ...................................................78
Display Layout Range tab ...................................86
information box ...................................................84
ROI ......................................................................68
Data file compatibility .............................................59
Data File tab ............................................................63
Data files
closing ..................................................................63
deleting ................................................................ 64
iconizing ..............................................................63
opening ................................................................ 59
reducing to icon ...................................................63
saving ..................................................................62
Data files (temporary), saving..................................62
Data start ................................................................ 192

Version 2.6.A

Data structure
Ver 1.43 ............................................................. 183
Ver 1.6 and 32-bit versions ............................... 184
Ver 2.5 ............................................................... 187
Data Type, Save As ...................................................62
Data Window Context menu ....................................69
DELAYED TRIGGER OUT .................................138
Deleting data files ....................................................64
Demo interface.........................................................42
DG535
active mode .......................................................143
bracket pulsing ..................................................144
continuous exponential mode ............................ 143
continuous linear mode........................................143
Interactive Gate Width and Delay .....................157
Interactive Trigger Setup ...................................156
operation of ........................................................ 141
port address .......................................................142
repetitive gating setup..........................................143
sequential gating setup ....................................143
slope, threshold & termination .......................... 142
trigger mode ......................................................142
DG535 Digital Delay/Pulse Generator ..................137
Display color control ...............................................85
Display tab ............................................................... 41
Flip ......................................................................41
Reverse ................................................................ 41
Rotate ..................................................................41
Displaying data as 3D graph ....................................72
Division math operation.........................................111
Documentation, additional .......................................18

E-F
EBI.........................................................................104
Edge Enhancement ................................................127
procedure ........................................................... 117
Edge Enhancement (post-processing)
Laplacian masks ................................................117
parameters ......................................................... 116
Sobel edge detection..........................................117
Ethernet network is not accessible ......................... 204
Exclusive OR math operation ................................ 112
Exponential Data type ............................................154
Files of Type text box ..............................................60
Filter Matrix custom filter ......................................122
FireWire
installation ........................................................... 24
FITS converter .......................................................165
Fixed Increment type .............................................154
Flatfield corrections ...............................................105
acquiring a flatfield file .....................................105
automatic ........................................................... 105
FT IMAGE SHIFT signal ........................................39
Full lateral resolution .............................................209

Index217

G-H

Introduction to manual .............................................15
ISA interface card
driver installation...............................................202
Kinetics .............................................................. 38, 96

Gate Delay ..................................................... 152, 153
Gate Width..................................................... 152, 153
Gigabit Ethernet installation ....................................24
GPIB default address setting..................................141
Graphics card ...........................................................20
Graphs, labeling .......................................................69
Grouping ..................................................................98
Hard disk .................................................................19
Hardware setup
Camera Detection wizard ....................................33
Custom Chip .......................................................163
Custom Timing ...................................................164
Display tab ..........................................................41
Interface tab ..........................................................42
overview ..............................................................31
requirements ........................................................19
Hid-lamp.spe............................................................73
High speed PCI interface .........................................42
Histograms
cumulative .........................................................132
post-processing ..................................................132
procedure ...........................................................132
standard ............................................................. 132

I-K
I/O address ............................................................... 42
I/O Address 2 & 3 ....................................................42
IEEE-488 GPIB port ...............................................141
Image Math............................................................. 109
Image, Graph and 3D Graph selection .....................65
Images, labeling .......................................................69
Imaging data collection (Initial)
PI-MAX, PI-MAX2, PI-MAX3 ..........................53
ST-133.................................................................53
focusing ...........................................................53
Information box as active window ..............................77
Installationaborting ............................................................... 26
FireWire driver ....................................................24
from FTP site.......................................................26
GigE driver ..........................................................24
multiple versions of WinView/32 ......................195
PCI card driver ....................................................23
USB 2.0 driver ....................................................23
Installing WinView/32 .............................................19
Intensifier gain, effect on dark charge....................104
Interface tab ..............................................................42interrupt level ......................................................42
Type ....................................................................42
Demo............................................................... 42
high-speed PCI ................................................42
PCI Timer .......................................................42
Interrupt level ..........................................................42
Interrupt tab
I/O address ..........................................................42
I/O address 2 and 3 ..............................................42

L-M
Labeling graphs and images .....................................69
Linear math operations ..........................................111
Log10 math operation ............................................111
Logic 0 PentaMAX output .......................................39
Logic 1 PentaMAX output .......................................39
Look Up Table (post-processing)formats............................................................... 124
procedure ........................................................... 123
LUT .............................................. See Look Up Table
Macro Record ........................................................ 166
Main menu ............................................................... 29MathA, B and C tabs .................................................109
data types
byte ................................................................ 110
float ............................................................... 110
int 110long ............................................................... 110
unint .............................................................. 110
file tabs .............................................................. 109
operations
single file.......................................................110
single file and constant ..................................110
Parametersdata type ........................................................ 110
display result .................................................110
Frame ............................................................ 109
Input (Output) file name................................ 109
X and Y Range ..............................................109
procedure ........................................................... 113
MAX math operation .............................................111
Memory requirements................................................19
MIN math operation ..............................................111
Morphological .......................................................120
Morphological (post-processing)procedure ........................................................... 121
Mouse cursor ............................................................ 30
Mouse requirement ..................................................20
Multiplication math operation................................ 111

N-O
Natural Log math operation ...................................111
Non-Linear math operations ..................................111
NOT math operation ..............................................112
NOT READY signal ................................................40
NOT SCAN signal ...................................................40
Number of Images .................................................153
On-CCD Accumulations ................................ 152, 156
On-line data acquisition processes
ASCII output .......................................................90thresholding .........................................................89

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WinView/32 Manual

Online Help, overview .............................................17
Opening data files ....................................................59
multiple files ........................................................61
Operations
Absolute ............................................................111
Addition............................................................. 111
AND ..................................................................112
Complement ......................................................112
Division ............................................................. 111
Exclusive OR.....................................................112
Log10 ................................................................ 111
MAX .................................................................111
MIN ...................................................................111
Multiplication ....................................................111
Natural Log .......................................................111
NOT ..................................................................112
OR .....................................................................112
Square Root .......................................................111
Squared.............................................................. 111
Subtraction ........................................................111
Options
Custom Chip .......................................................163
Custom Timing ...................................................164
FITS ..................................................................165
Macro Record ....................................................166
Virtual Chip .......................................................167
OR math operation .................................................112

P-Q
Paper Size and Source ...........................................133
PBC ..................................... See Pixel bias correction
PCI card driver installation ......................................23
PCI interface, binning constraints ....................98, 209
PCI Timer interface .................................................42
PentaMAX
data collection .....................................................56
focusing ................................................................ 55
PG200 pulser .........................................................137
continuous exponential mode ............................139
continuous linear mode......................................139
operation of .......................................................137
repetitive gating setup .......................................139
sequential gating setup ......................................139
PIHWDEF.INI .......................................................198
Pixel bias correction ..............................................164
Pixels, binning or grouping ......................................98
Post-processing
binning and skipping .........................................130
cross sections ....................................................129edge enhancement ...............................................116
histograms .........................................................132
morphology .......................................................120
sharpening ..........................................................118
smoothing ...........................................................119
threshold and clipping .........................................128
Print Preview ..........................................................134

Version 2.6.A

Print Preview buttons
Close ..................................................................135
Next Page ........................................................... 135
Prev Page ........................................................... 135
Print ...................................................................135
Two Page ........................................................... 135
Zoom In.............................................................. 135
Zoom Out ........................................................... 135
Print Setup dialog ..................................................133
Printing from WinView/32 ...................................133
color mapping....................................................134
saving as *.TIF file before printing ...................136
screen capture ....................................................135
Process Mask operations........................................115
references .......................................................... 125
PTG
active mode .......................................................145
Auxiliary Trigger output....................................147
continuous exponential mode ............................ 146
continuous linear mode......................................146
Interactive Gate Width and Delay .....................157
Interactive Trigger Setup ...................................156
operation of .......................................................144
repetitive gating setup..........................................145
sequential gating setup ......................................145
slope, threshold, termination & gate delay from 145
trigger mode ......................................................145
Pulser operation .....................................................137
PVCAM.INI ............................................ 24, 201, 204

R-S
Registry ..................................................................198
Registry file ........................................................... 195
Reinstallation of WinView/32 ..................................198
ROI
defining a single region .....................................101
graphical input (mouse) .....................................102
image binning ......................................................98
setup mode .......................................................... 97
Roper Scientific FireWire driver installation ...........24
Roper Scientific GigE driver installation .................24
Roper Scientific USB2 driver installation ...............23
RSConfig.exe ......................................................... 204
Save As dialog .......................................................... 62
Save as Type ............................................................. 62
Save Sequence Values to File ................................ 155
Saving data files .......................................................62
Saving temporary data files .....................................62
SCAN signal ............................................................ 40
Screen capture, printing .........................................135
Sequential Mode Setup
Exponential Increment.......................................154
Fast Amplitude parameter....................................155
Fast decay and Slow decay ..................................154
Fixed Increment.................................................154
Gate Delay ................................................. 152, 153
Gate Width ................................................ 152, 153

IndexSequential Mode Setup (cont.)
On-CCD Accumulations............................ 152, 156
Save Sequence ...........................................155, 156
sequential exponential algorithm .......................154
Slow
Amplitude parameter .....................................155
Time Constant parameter .............................. 155
Software Accumulations............................ 153, 156
Time Constant ....................................................154
SESSION.DAT ......................................................198
Setup
Common ..............................................................25
Custom .................................................................25
Typical ................................................................ 25
Setup program..........................................................26
Sharpening (post-processing)parameters .........................................................118
procedure ...........................................................118
SHUTTER signal .....................................................40
Shutter type ..............................................................38
Smoothing (post-processing)parameters .........................................................119
procedure ...........................................................119
Sobel edge detection ..............................................117
Software Accumulations ................................ 153, 156
Splash screen ......................................................28, 29
Square Root math operation ..................................111
Squared math operation .........................................111
Status Bar messages .................................................17
Strip selection
Shift End key combination ...................................79
Shift Home key combination ................................ 79
via Custom Toolbar .............................................79
Subtraction math operation ....................................111
SuperSYNCHRO ...................................................137
active mode .......................................................150
Auxiliary output ................................................152
continuous exponential mode............................... 151
continuous linear mode........................................151
Interactive Gate Width and Delay .....................157
operation of .......................................................148
repetitive gating setup..........................................150
sequential gating setup.........................................151
SyncMASTER outputs ......................................152
trigger mode ......................................................149
SyncMASTER .......................................................152

219

T-V
Technical support ..................................................214
Temperature
how done with each controller type .....................48
Temperature control ................................................48Threshold and Clipping (post-processing).................128
Thresholding (on-line) process ................................ 89
TIFF files ............................................................... 136
Time Constant........................................................ 154
Timing Generator Interactive Gate Width and Delay . 157
Timing Generator Interactive Trigger Setup ..........156
Tool tips ...................................................................17
Troubleshooting .....................................................201
Uninstalling WinView/32 ........................................198
Upgrade Device Driver wizard .............................. 205
USB 2.0
data overrun .......................................................203
installation ........................................................... 23
Vertical skips ..................................................... 45, 96
Virtual Chip ........................................................... 167

W-Z
Warnings
intensified cameras ................................................48
susceptibility of intensified cameras to light overload
damage............................................................. 48
Warranties
image intensifier detector ..................................212
one year ............................................................. 211
one year on refurbished/discontinued products .211
owner's manual and troubleshooting ...................213
sealed chamber ..................................................212
software ............................................................. 212
vacuum integrity ................................................212
XP vacuum chamber..........................................211
x-ray detector.....................................................212
your responsibility .............................................213
Website ..................................................................214
WizardCamera Detection ................................................33
Upgrade Device Driver .....................................205
Z axis endpoint ........................................................81
Z-slice ......................................................................86

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Version 2.6.A