社会構造の変化の中での有形民族文化財の保存の実態と地域的ｱｲﾃﾞﾝﾃｨへの役割（東海地区の事例）
東京芸術大学枝川明敬

現在，我が国では社会構造・生活様式が大きく変化し，日常生活の必要から生み出され工夫・改良を繰り返しながら伝えられてきた有形民俗文化財は消滅しつつある．有形の民
俗文化財の多くは，産業構造や生活様式の変化に伴い，消滅や散逸の危機に瀕している．
適切な保存活用が図られていない現状があるといわれる．
2010 年大会において，有形民俗文化財に対象を絞り，その収集・保管等の伝承状況を把握することを目的として実態調査を行った結果を発表した．産業構造・社会生活様式の大きい変化があった高度経済成長期に地域のアイデンティティを作ってきた住民に根付いた文化財を消滅させてしまっていた．人口移動や首都圏をもつ関東圏といった都市化の影響が相当強く作用する地域での調査結果であった．都市化の影響をさらに比較考量するため，全国レベルの調査が重要であるが，東海３県地区について，同種の調査を行った．対象件数として，130 件となった．明治から制作されたものは，三時代に渡って使用されたものが多いが，江戸時代制作では，ほとんど江戸時代の使用に限れている．
また，高度経済成長後期まで，民俗文化財が使用され続け，後期にてほぼ使用が終了したのは，関東地区と同様である．関東地区とは異なり，相当多くのジャンルの文化財が長期にわたって使用されている．長期使用は，関東地区では生産・生業向けの文化財が多かったが，東海 3 県ではあらゆるジャンルの文化財の長期使用が認められる．これは，東海地区の保守性や物持ちのよさ等の風土によるものなのか，経済社会状況の変化の相違によるのか，社会変化の相違など社会状況，経済状況の変化を示す指数とともに分析結果を発表する．

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Actual state of preservation of tangible folk cultural properties and their role in promoting
regional identity, amid the changing social structure ( the case of the Tokai region)
EDAGAWA, Akitoshi
Tokyo University of the Arts

Today, Japan is experiencing significant changes in its social structure and lifestyles, andamid such changes, tangible folk cultural properties are being lost, which had been produced outof necessity in people’ s daily lives and passed down to the present, while undergoing constantevolution. With changes in industrial structure and lifestyles, many of the surviving tangible folk
cultural properties are on the verge of being dispersed or lost. This present state is said to be dueto the improper preservation and use of these properties.
At the convention in 2010, we presented the results of an actual condition survey, targeting
tangible folk cultural properties, aiming to understand the state of the collection and preservationof those properties. In a period of high economic growth in Japan, with drastic changes inindustrial structure and social lifestyles, many tangible folk cultural properties, which had been
deeply rooted in local communities and had helped shape regional identities, were lost. Thesefindings were based on a survey that had been conducted in areas with high population mobility
and that were considerably affected by urbanization, such as the Tokyo metropolitan area and theKanto area. Considering the importance of a national-level survey for conducting further
comparative weighing of the influence of urbanization, we conducted a similar type of survey forthe three Tokai prefectural areas. Approximately 130 tangible folk cultural properties were subject
to the survey. While many tangible folk cultural properties created in and after the Meiji period
were used throughout the three periods from Meiji to Showa, the use of tangible folk culturalproperties which were created during the Edo period was limited to the Edo period.
Furthermore, the situation in the three Tokai areas, where tangible folk cultural properties
had been used until the modern high economic growth period in Japan, and nearly fell out of use
during that period, is similar to that of the Kanto region. However, unlike the Kanto region,
cultural properties from quite a few genres in the three Tokai areas have been used for a long
period of time. While in the Kanto region many tangible folk cultural properties designed forproduction and livelihood activities have been used for a long period of time, in the three Tokai
prefectures, the long-term use of cultural properties can be observed in all genres. Having
analyzed these results to determine whether this could be attributed to the Tokai region’ s
spiritual climate symbolized by the conservative nature of its citizens and their careful use ofthings for longer duration, or to a difference in the changes in economic and social conditions, wewill present the analysis results along with indices of changes in social and economic conditions
that show differences in social changes.

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