EV’s and charging infrastructurein The Netherlands
Presentation
EV & PHV Town Symposium
Tokyo, June 5 2013

Bram van der Wees, Ministry of Economic Affairs, The Netherlands
1Realization of EV-infrastructure in The Netherlands
Tokyo, June 5, 2013

General EV policy in The Netherlands• EV essential part of sustainable energy system (2050)• Coöperation between private and public parties is key• Triple focus: vehicles, infrastructure, earning potential• This presentation: main focus on infrastructure2

Realization of EV-infrastructure in The Netherlands
Tokyo, June 5, 2013

Actual Developments: number of EV's
Development in the number of electric vehicles in the Netherlands per month
10.00 09.00 08.00 0Motor bike

N um be rs

7.00 0Trike

6.00 0Bus

5.00 0Co mmercial car >350 0

4.00 0Co mmercial car <350 0
Passe nge r ca r PHEV, E-REV

3.00 0

Passe nge r ca r FEV

2.00 0

apr-13

mrt-13feb-13

j an-13dec-12

nov-12

okt-12

se p-12a ug-12j ul-12j un-12mei -12

apr-12

mrt-12feb-12

j an-12no v-11

okt-11

sep -11a ug-11j ul-11j un-11

mei-11

apr-11

mrt-11feb-11

j an-11de c-100de c-1 1

1.00 0Period3

Realization of EV-infrastructure in The Netherlands
Tokyo, June 5, 2013

Actual Developments: number of non-resident charging
pointsDevelopment in the number of charging points in the Netherlands- excluding private charging points -Period

2013-04

3.067

2012-12

1.445

2.782

2011-12

1.250

2010-12

63829

576

15

1500

2000

89

400
0500

1000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

Numbe rs
Regular Public

4

Regular Semi-public

Fast charging

Realization of EV-infrastructure in The Netherlands
Tokyo, June 5, 2013

5000

Development in perspectiveEV's:• EV sales 1% of total car sales (2012); strong rise expected in 2013
• Strong increase in PHEV sales: 8% of world-wide sales (2012,3rd place in international ranking).
• Sales of BEV's growing slowly.
• Original target of 15.000-20.000 EV's (BEV + PHEV) in 2015 willprobably be realized in 2013.
Charging infrastructure:• 9000 charging points (resident + non-resident).
• Ratio charging points (resident + non-resident)/EV: 1,4 (2012).
• Demand for public EV-charging points rising by 7.000 - 10.000 innext three years.
5Realization of EV-infrastructure in The Netherlands
Tokyo, June 5, 2013

Policies to stimulate EV and charging infrastructure
Fiscal incentives EV:• Investment premium: advantage 11 % of amount of investment• Exemption of purchase tax on vehicles < 50 gr/km CO2 emission• Exemption of road tax up to 2016
• Reduction of income tax to be paid on private use of company EV(-14% up till now, -7 % from 2014)
Charging infrastructure:• Fiscal investment premium on charging infrastructure up to 11 %of investment• Green Deal public infrastructure

6Realization of EV-infrastructure in The Netherlands
Tokyo, June 5, 2013

‘Green Deal’ public charging infrastructure
In general: Green Deal is a public private partnership made to speed
up the sustainability of the Dutch economy. Sustainability andeconomic growth go hand in hand.
Goals green deal public charging infrastructure:• Profitable business case for public charging infrastructure in2015/2016• Finance losses due to unprofitable business case 2013-2016.
Public Private Partnership approach:• Market parties (operators and builders charging infrastructure)• Vehicle importers• Grid operators• Public authorities (national, regional, local)
7

Realization of EV-infrastructure in The Netherlands
Tokyo, June 5, 2013

Action1: path to profitable business casecosts/revenues per charging point

loss inbusinesscase

Cost before
reduction

new revenue line

old revenue line
cost after
reductiontime
8

new break evenpoint

old break evenpoint
Realization of EV-infrastructure in The Netherlands
Tokyo, June 5, 2013

Action 1: Improving business case public charging
infrastructure
Improving business case (profitable in 2015/2016) by cost reduction anddevelopment of better earning models.
Cost reduction by:• More cost-efficient metering on charging units• Reduction of idle capacity of charging points• More efficient construction and positioning of infrastructure• More efficient procedures grid operators and local authorities• Adjustment of regulation to reduce tariffs grid operators for charging
infrastructure
Improving earning models by:• Liberalization charging tariffs• Optimization location charging points

9

Realization of EV-infrastructure in The Netherlands
Tokyo, June 5, 2013

Action 2: Non-financial measures• Simplification/harmonization procedures local authorities and grid
operators: shorter processes and more transparency for market
and user• Harmonization tendering procedures regional/local authorities• Harmonization/simplification of functional requirements byregional/local authorities• More room for innovative solutions and attracting more market
parties

10

Realization of EV-infrastructure in The Netherlands
Tokyo, June 5, 2013

Regional tenders of right to operate public infrastructure
Open tenders by clusters of regional authorities (provinces, larger
cities). Advantage of clustering:• Large reduction of tendering costs• Better negotiation position for regional authorities by larger scale• Supports harmonization/simplification tendering procedures andfunctional requirements.
• Open tendering stimulates market development and level playing
field• Financing temporary losses business case by stakeholders

11Realization of EV-infrastructure in The Netherlands
Tokyo, June 5, 2013

Financing lossmaking business case public charging
infrastructure
The temporary loss in the business case is financed by:• Local authorities• Regional authorities (provinces)• Grid operators• Vehicle importers (by issuing a 'charging voucher' which can beused to finance private or public infrastructure• Central government finances the remaining part as ''capstone'' of
the Green Deal
• Market parties make sharp bids in tenders and invest in cost
reducing innovations.

12

Realization of EV-infrastructure in The Netherlands
Tokyo, June 5, 2013

Schedule: Financing loss in business case publiccharging infrastructure
Grid operators

ProvincesCentralGovernment

Carimporters

Local
authorities

Tendering cluster ofregional authorities

Charging point
operator

13

Realization of EV-infrastructure in The Netherlands
Tokyo, June 5, 2013

Conclusions• Deployment of EV faster than expected, mainly due to strong
growth of PHEV's• Tax facilities have strong positive effect on sales, especially
PHEV's.
• Gradual reduction of tax facilities in coming years must be
matched by cost reduction to maintain momentum• Growth of EV's requires growing investments in public and semipublic charging infrastructure• Business case public charging infrastructure is still unprofitablebecause of high cost and low revenues• Green Deal public charging infrastructure aims at attaining a
profitable business case in 3-4 years by public private partnership• Temporary loss in business case is financed bij stakeholders:vehicle importers, grid operators, local, regional and centralauthorities.
14

Realization of EV-infrastructure in The Netherlands
Tokyo, June 5, 2013