Restoration and conservation of watershed ecosystems:
linking ecology, hydrology and geology
Organizer: Itsuro Koizumi (CRIS, Hokkaido University)
Date: 4-5 October 2010
Place: Room D201 at the Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University
Supported by L-station at CRIS, Hokkaido University

Stream networks and watershed systems are among the most vulnerable ecosystems to humanimpacts such as habitat fragmentation, water pollution, logging and flow regime alterations. Loss ofecosystem functions and extinction of freshwater and riparian species have become serious issues. To
understand biological processes in watershed ecosystems we need to understand hydrological andgeological processes that create biological habitats. Conservation biologists, however, have been
focusing mostly on single species or communities and have neglected the dynamic nature of thehabitats. Since human activities have been altering geological and hydrological processes at anunprecedented speed, biologists should learn abiotic processes as well.
This symposium would provide a good opportunity for biologists, hydrologists and geologists toget together and discuss toward comprehensive understanding of watershed ecosystems for effective
restoration and conservation. Researchers from northwest US are presenting some examples ofinterdisciplinary approaches and their strengths and challenges. In this symposium, I am looking
forward to stimulating discussions for fruitful future collaborations.

Schedule
October 4, Monday
10:00-10:15

Introduction (I. Koizumi)

10:15-11:00

GIS as a tool to link geomorphology, stream ecology and river conservation (H.
Imaki)

11:00-11:45

Process-based principles for restoring river ecosystems (T. Beechie)

11:45-13:00

Lunch

13:00-13:45

Hydrogeomprphic processes and stream ecosystems in headwaters: The key
component to forest and watershed management (T. Gomi)

13:45-14:30

Ecological assessment of flow regime in rivers at catchment scale (C. Yoshimura)

14:30-16:00

Short presentations (six people, see next page)

16:30-17:15

A review of the Pacific salmon hatchery programs on Hokkaido Island, Japan. (K.
Morita)17:15-18:00

Ecosystem alteration by parasite: implication from a riparian ecosystem. (T. Sato)

19:00-endless Dinner at Izakaya (Japanese style bar, “Tengu-no-kura” Kita-13, Nishi-3)
October 5, Tuesday
10:00-10:45

River restoration in the Pacific Northwest US: simple solutions, complex realities(J. Dunham)

10:45-11:30

Multidisciplinary approaches to understand floodplain ecosystems (J. Negishi)

11:30-13:00

Lunch

13:00-13:45

Habitat analysis and evaluation of freshwater fish in Japan: The effect ofwatershed development and habitat fragmentation by dam (S. Kameyama)

13:45-14:30

Human land use and the endangered, largest salmonid, Sakhalin taimen (K.
Nomoto)14:30-15:00

Discussion

October 6, Wednesday: GCOE special lecture15:00-15:45

Climate change and fish in the Pacific Northwest US: focus on water temperature(J. Dunham)

15:45-16:30

Restoring rivers in a changing climate (T. Beechie)

Short presentations: October 4, 14:30-16:00 (5-15 minutes per person including Q&A)
・Effects of heavy metals on riverine macroinvertebrates (Y. Iwasaki)
・River confluences enhance riparian vegetation and plant species diversity (T. Osawa)
・Determinant factors in structures of a fish community in a middle reach of a stream: the approachby year-round monitoring of a fish community and physical environments of a stream (H.
Nakagawa)
・Effects of turbid water on periphyton vary with velocity (Terutaka Mori)・Thinking about evolution and conservation in cyprinid fishes - approaches from life history studies
in creeks and ponds (Noriyasu Suzuki)
・Determinant factors for the community structure of stream fishes: physical environments vs. spatial
factors (Chitose Yamazaki)
Relevant publications:
Beechie et al. (2010) Process-based principles for restoring dynamic river systems. BioScience
60: 209-222.
Gomi et al. (2002) Understanding processes and downstream linkages of headwater systems.
Bioscience 52:905-916.
Morita et al. (2006) A review of the Pacific salmon hatchery programs on Hokkaido Island, Japan.
ICES Journal of Marine Science 63: 1353-1363.
Kameyama et al. (2007) Spatio-temporal changes in habitat potential of endangered freshwater
fish in Japan. Ecological Informatics 2/4: 318-327.
Sato et al. (2008) Parasite-mediated allochthonous input: Do hairworms enhance subsidized
predation of stream salmonids on crickets? Canadian Journal of Zoology 86:231–235.
Sato et al. (2010) Nematomorph parasites drive energy flow in through a riparian ecosystem.
Ecology (in press)
Iwasaki et al. (2009) Effects of heavy metals on riverine benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages
with reference to potential food availability for drift-feeding fishes. Environmental
Toxicology and Chemistry 28: 354–363.
Yoshimura & Kawaguchi (submitted) Spatial distribution of flow regime and its relationship tofish species richness in major rivers in Japan.
Osawa et al. (2010) High diversity at network nodes: river confluences enhance vegetation
diversity. The Open Ecology Journal: 48-58.
Osawa et al. (2010) River confluences enhance riparian plant species diversity. Plant Ecology
209:95-108.

Websites of participants
Beechie, Tim:http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/research/staff/display_staffprofile.cfm?staffid=204
Dunham, Jason: http://fresc.usgs.gov/staff/profile.asp?Emp_ID=720
Gomi, Takashi: http://kenkyu-web.tuat.ac.jp/Profiles/26/0002542/profile.html
Imaki, Hiroo: http://www.geopacific.org/
Iwasaki, Yuichi: http://yuichiwsk.web.fc2.com/
Kameyama, Satoshi: http://www-basin.nies.go.jp/member/kameyama.html
Koizumi, Itsuro: http://www.cris.hokudai.ac.jp/koizumi/
Morita, Kentaro: http://cse.fra.affrc.go.jp/moritak/
Negishi, Junjiro: http://www.geocities.jp/watershed_con_man/
Osawa, Takeshi: http://osawa.nomaki.jp/index.html
Yoshimura, Chihiro: http://www.cv.titech.ac.jp/~yoshimura-lab/yoshi/index.htm

Accommodations (reasonable, in the vicinity to Hokkaido University):
Buisiness Inn Norte II:
Very reasonable with sufficient facilities (incl. Internet). From 3,800JPY
Kita-10, Nishi-4, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0010, TEL：011-707-0066
http://www.b-norte.jp/norte2/
Toyoko Inn:
A standard hostel. From 5,985JPY (incl. simple breakfast and dinner)
Kita-8, Nishi-4, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0808, TEL：011-728-1045
http://www.toyoko-inn.com/hotel/00066/
Sapporo Aspen Hotel:
Very comfortable, high cost performance. From 5,500JPY
Kita-8, Nishi-4, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0808, TEL：011-700-2111
http://www.aspen-hotel.co.jp/
Restaurants (Sapporo is one of the best places!):Izakaya (Japanese bar): Tengu-no-kura (Kita-13, Nishi-3), Kanro (Kita-8, Nishi-1), Wagao(N7W7), Kazaguruma (Kita-17, Nishi-4)
Soup curry (Highly recommended!): Picante (Kita-13, Nishi-3, very good but crowded), Kokoro(Kita-15, Nishi-4), Suriyotai (Kita-11, Nishi-3, Thai curry, cheap), Chelsea (Kita-11, Nishi-3)
Others: Densuke (Kita-13, Nishi-3, Japanese traditional style, highly reccommended!), Marutaka(Kita-11, Nishi-4, Noodle), Chin-man (Kita-10, Nishi-4, Chinese)Map around Hokkaido University:

記

１．国際シンポジウムタイトル
Restoration and conservation of watershed ecosystems: linking ecology, hydrology and geology２．日程
2010 年 10 月 4－5 日（4 日 10－18 時、5 日 10－15 時）

３．場所
・ シンポジウム：北海道大学地球環境科学院 D201 号室・ 懇親会：てんぐの蔵（北区北 13 条西 3 丁目、会場から徒歩 10 分以内）
、4 日 19 時から
学生 2,000-3,000 円、学生以外 5,000-6,000 円、＊＊当日参加不可＊＊

４．目的・ 生態学、水文学、地形学の研究者を集めて今後の学際研究に繋がる人脈ネットワークを形成する・ 海外から第一線の研究者を招待して、日本の研究および河川管理システムとの違いを比較。これにより、日本の今後の課題・方向性を明らかにする。
・ シンポジウムと相補的に現地調査を組み入れることにより、具体的なフィールド研究の発展に繋げる・ 国際研究発表の機会を大学院生に提供する

５．講演予定者と内容

5-1．一般講演（質疑応答込み、一人 45 分）
・Tim Beechie (NOAA、シアトル) 『河川生態系のプロセスベース管理』
・Jason Dunham (USGS、オレゴン)『北米における河川復元の取り組み』
・今木洋大（NOAA、シアトル）『地形、河川生態、保護管理を統合するための GIS ツール』
・亀山哲（国立環境研究所）『日本全国を対象とした淡水魚類の生息地解析と評価: 流域開発とダムによる生息地分断の影響』
・五味高志（東京農工大・農）『水文地形プロセスと山地渓流の生態系:森林と流域管理のキー要素』
・佐藤拓哉（京大・理）『寄生者が改変する生態系：河畔生態系からの示唆』
・根岸淳二郎（北大・環境科学院）『氾濫源生態系を理解するための学際的アプローチ』
・野本和宏（北大・環境科学院）『土地利用形態が絶滅危惧種イトウに及ぼす影響』・森田健太郎（水研センター・釧路）『北海道における孵化放流事業のレビュー』・吉村千洋（東工大・理工）『流域スケールにおける流況の生態的評価』

5-2．ショートプレゼンテーション（一人 5-15 分）
・ 岩崎雄一（東工大、理工）『亜鉛等重金属が河川底生動物に及ぼす影響』
・ 大澤剛士（農環研）『河川の合流が河川性植物の多様性を高める』
・ 鈴木規慈（三重大・生物）『コイ科魚類における進化と保全を考える - 水路およびため池における生活史研究からのアプローチ』
・ 中川光（京都大学・理）『河川中流域における魚類群集の構造決定要因：魚類群集と河川物理環境の通年モニタリングによるアプローチ』
・ 森照貴（土木研）『濁水が付着藻類に及ぼす影響は流速に依存して変化する』
・ 山崎千登勢（北大・フィールド）『河川性魚類の群集構造決定要因：物理環境と空間的要因からの考察』

６．備考
・ 気楽で楽しいシンポジウムを目指す。人的交流が最大の目標。
・ 専門分野の異なる研究者が集まるため、講演内容は専門的なものよりは当該分野の概念を伝えるレビュー的なものが望ましい。
・ ショートプレゼンテーションは自分の研究紹介の場。形式は自由。国際発表の練習にも。
・ 基本的に英語のシンポジウムだがディスカッションをより効果的にするために、必要な時は日本語の使用も可とする。

以上

Abstracts from invited speakers from USA
GIS as a tool to link geomorphology, stream ecology, and river conservation

Hiroo Imaki

Spatial information plays a critical role in all aspects of conservation including basic ecological data storage, dataanalysis, ecological modeling, conservation planning, and public involvement.

Recent rapid advancements incomputer and geographic information systems technologies provide exciting opportunities to integrate all aspect of
stream conservation with spatial information.

Currently, we are developing a stream GIS dataset that identifies

historic riparian vegetation communities, potential channel types, and historic salmon distributions; this datasetcovers the entire Columbia River basin (668,000 km2) with a 200 m reach resolution.

With the dataset, users canimplement processed-based stream restoration principles on a watershed scale and prioritize restoration projects
across the entire basin.

In addition to these technical capabilities, GIS also can provide the indispensable

capability of visualizing complex science data for the public. We recently visualized climate change impacts onflow regime and various restoration scenarios in the Snohomish river estuary.

Our stream dataset andvisualizations are providing vital information for conservation practitioners and exemplify a seamless transition
from science to conservation on the ground.

Process-based principles for restoring river ecosystems

Tim Beechie

Process-based restoration aims to re-establish normative rates and magnitudes of physical, chemical, and biologicalprocesses that sustain river and floodplain ecosystems. Ecosystem conditions at any site are governed byhierarchical regional, watershed, and reach-scale processes controlling hydrologic and sediment regimes;
floodplain and aquatic habitat dynamics; and riparian and aquatic biota. We outline and illustrate four
process-based principles that ensure river restoration will be guided toward sustainable actions: (1) restoration
actions should address the root causes of degradation, (2) actions must be consistent with the physical andbiological potential of the site, (3) actions should be at a scale commensurate with environmental problems, and (4)actions should have clearly articulated expected outcomes for ecosystem dynamics. Applying these principles will
help avoid common pitfalls in river restoration, such as creating habitat types that are outside of a site’s naturalpotential, attempting to build static habitats in dynamic environments, or constructing habitat features that are
ultimately overwhelmed by unconsidered system drivers.

River restoration in the Pacific Northwest US: simple solutions, complex realities

Jason Dunham

The Pacific Northwest US represents an area of very high activity with respect to river restoration, with hundredsof millions of dollars invested annually in efforts across the region. Most efforts have focused on benefitting
Pacific salmon and trout - species that have great capacity to be resilient in the face of variable environments.

Inspite of massive restoration efforts these species have responded much slower than we would like. Why is this?
I discuss selected reasons for this, including 1) lack of understanding of the benefits of restoration, 2) failure ofrestoration to address key natural processes, and 3) failure of restoration to address key unnatural processes. The
implication is that we often find ourselves treating superficially obvious symptoms that are part of larger and much
more complex problems.

Addressing this reality is much easier in a seminar than in practice, but acknowledging

the problem is the first step to a more effective solution. I hope the examples discussed here will provide the basis
for some interesting discussion in the symposium.