■ The composition of legal violations for casualty accidents involving first graders while walking shows that thepercentage of accidents where the pedestrian (first grader) did not commit any violation is gradually
increasing.
■ While the percentage of legal violations related to crossing is on the decline, no changes are seen with thepercentage of accidents involving children rushing into traffic.
■ The compositions of legal violations for accidents involving first graders while commuting to or from school
and the locations where said accidents occur differ from those for accidents that occur when not commuting toor from school. Since this is close to the composition for all age groups, it can be conjectured that children
commute to and from school by following the rules to a comparatively large degree.
■ Looking at the changes in the number of casualties by month reveals that these gradually increase startingfrom January prior to when the children enter elementary school.
■ The number of accidents while commuting to and from school increase after the children enter elementary
school, with the number of casualties higher in May and June than it is in April.
■ The number of casualties among first graders is high until about November, then from December onwards thedifference in the number of casualties between them and second graders diminishes.
■ Based on this change in the number of casualties by month, it will be necessary to provide children with safety
instructions sometime before December prior to when they enter elementary school, and to continue
encouraging children to stay safe up through November after they have entered school.

(Akira Yamaguchi)

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TEL：03-5577-3973

FAX：03-5577-3980 Mail：koho@itarda.or.jp

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FAX 03-5577-3980

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ITARDA INFORMATION no.121

つくば 交通事故調査事務所

29

交通事故分析レポート No.121lSpeciafeatureCasualty accidents experienced byﬁrst graders while commuting to and from school~ Aiming for zero traﬃc accidents while commuting to and from school ~Commutingto school
Other

29％

15％

Commutingfrom school3

住 友 水 道 橋 ビル８ 階

問合せ先
賞・副賞

ITARDA INFORMATION

No.121

公益財団法人 交通事故総合分析センター〒101 0064 東 京 都 千 代 田 区 猿 楽 町 ２ ７ ８

While the number of casualties from traffic accidents involving children while walking has been
decreasing year-by-year, the number of casualties from traffic accidents while walking when children
enter elementary school remains on an upward trajectory. Regarding the characteristics of traffic
accidents involving first graders described here, these demonstrate largely identical characteristics
regardless of which year’s accidents are analyzed.
Naturally of course, all of the first graders are replaced with new ones every year. At the same time, it
stands to reason that every year a large number of people become parents of first graders, with thethinking being that the vast majority of these parents are unaware of the situation surrounding traffic
accidents involving first graders while walking.
In order to correct the conduct that small children have a natural tendency to engage in, it will benecessary to take a certain amount of time to provide them with instructions over and over again. We
feel that the parents, who are the closest people to the child, must play a major role in this. In order toprepare new first-year students to be able to safely commute to and from school by following the traffic
rules starting from the first day they commute to and from elementary school, it will be effective to havethe parents walk together with the children along the routes they will actually use to commute to school
to provide them with specific instructions. This can be thought of as part of the preparations for thechildren to enter elementary school. We hope to inform as many people as possible of the situation andprovide reference for when parents should start providing safety instructions and for the contents of said
instruction.

ITARDA INFORMATIONThis issue of ITARDA Information focused mainly on casualty accidents experienced by first graderswhile commuting to or from school. The characteristics of these accidents can be summarized as follows:

交通事故分析レポート

5 Conclusion

イタルダ インフォメーション

23％

Shopping

7％

Visiting

10％

Playing

16％

Composition of trip purposes when casualty accidents involving
ﬁrst graders while walking occurred (2015)

1 Introduction ・
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Changes in traﬃc accidents involving ﬁrst graders while walking
2 over the past 20 years
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・
・
・
・
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・P2

3 Characteristics of the locations where traﬃc accidents occur while・
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・P4
walking on the commute to or from school or for other purposes
4 Characteristics of the number of casualties by month ・
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from preschoolers through second graders
5 Conclusion ・
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l
SpeciafeatureCasualty accidents experienced by first graders while commuting to and from school~ Aiming for zero traffic accidents while commuting to and from school ~ITARDA INFORMATION no.121

1 Introduction
As shown in Fig. 1, the largest number of casualties from traffic accidents while walking is found among
seven-year-old children, with this number coming to 1,462 casualties in 2015. Moreover, Fig. 2 graphs the numberof casualties from traffic accidents while walking over five year increments between 1995 and 2015. For easiercomparison against Fig. 1, the accidents from 2015 alone are represented in a bar graph, while the other years
using broken line graphs. Apparently, the number of casualties among seven-year-old children has been gradually
decreasing, yet seven-year-old children still account for the highest numbers of casualties in each year. When wechecked to confirm the data from 1990 onward, which is the year that the Institute for Traffic Accident Researchand Data Analysis (ITARDA) began keeping statistics on traffic accident data, we found that seven-year-old
children have accounted for the greatest number of casualties from traffic accidents while walking since 1994. In
the 22-year period lasting through 2015, which constitutes the latest data at this point in time, there has been nochange in this trend whereby the number of casualties among seven-year-old children noticeably stands out(between 1990 and 1993 six-year-old children accounted for the most casualties, while seven-year-old children
were in second place).
Given the situation, for ITARDA Information No. 116, published in June 2016, we compiled a special feature on
traffic accidents involving children while walking, organizing their characteristics by time period, day, trip purpose,and gender. In this issue of ITARDA Information No. 121, we will further advance this analysis by focusing ourattention on traffic accidents involving first graders while commuting to and from school in an effort to organize
their characteristics primarily around the time periods and locations of such accidents.
(People)
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0

7-year olds

9
7
5
3

1
and
under

11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 (Age)Fig. 1. Number of casualties from traffic accidents while walking (2015)(People)
5,000
4,000

7-year olds

3,000
2,000

2015
2010
2005
2000
1995

Commuting from school

Playing

Shopping

Other

No. of casualties

9
7
5
3

11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 (Age)Fig. 2. Number of casualties from traffic accidents while walking (1995 - 2015)(People)
6,000
5,000

80%

4,000

60%

3,000
40%
2,000
20%

1,000

0%

0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Fig. 3. Composition of trip purposes when casualty accidents occurred
involving first graders while walking
Next, Fig. 4 graphs the composition of legal violations committed by the pedestrian with regard to casualty
accidents involving first graders while walking that occurred while commuting to or from school. Just like with Fig. 3,
it displays trends in conjunction with the number of casualties. Moreover, Fig. 5 shows a graph in the same manner
regarding casualty accidents while the child was out walking for purposes other than commuting to or from school.
Regardless of whether the accident occurred while commuting to or from school or at some other time, in thecomposition of traffic accidents on the part of the first graders the percentage of cases where no violation occurred
has been growing larger year-by-year. To that extent, the percentage of violations related to crossings, such as
crossing the street outside of pedestrian crossings or crossing at an angle, has been decreasing. Yet virtually nochange has been seen with the percentage of accidents where someone rushes out into traffic. The percentage ofaccidents where the child rushes out into traffic tends to be on the high side for traffic accidents involving children
while walking, and is not limited to first graders alone. Therefore, in order to reduce the number of traffic accidents
involving children while walking, we feel that it is crucial to respond to accidents in which the child rushes out into
traffic.
Furthermore, comparing accidents that occurred while commuting to or from school and those at other times
reveals that there is a large percentage of cases in which the person involved in an accident that occurred while
commuting to or from school did not commit any violation. From the accidents that occurred in 2015, the pedestrian
did not commit any sort of legal violation in roughly half of the casualty accidents involving first graders commuting
to or from school. In regards to this point, accidents while commuting to or from school cannot be eliminated solely
through responses on the part of the pedestrian (first grader). As such, we decided to once again analyze
responses on the driver’s side, and here we would like to pull together what can be done in terms of responses on
the pedestrian’s side.
Rushing into traﬃc

1
and
under

Visiting

100%

1,000
0

Commuting to school

Crossing

Other violations(*1)

No violation

No. of casualties

100%(People)
2,000

80%

1,500

60%

Changes in traffic accidents involving first graders

2 while walking over the past 20 years

Fig. 3 graphs the composition of trip purposes for first graders (Axis 1) and trends in the number of casualties(Axis 2) with regard to casualty accidents involving first graders while walking that occurred between 1996 and2015. Looking back over the past 20 years reveals that the greatest number of casualties from traffic accidents
involving first graders while walking was 5,128 back in 1996. A downward trajectory has continued since then, with
the number falling down to 1,553 casualties by 2015. However, virtually no changes have been seen in thecomposition of trip purposes for first graders, with the share of accidents that occur while commuting to and fromschool holding largely steady at around 35%.

ITARDA INFORMATION no.121

1,000
40%
500

20%
0%

0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015(*1) Other violations include cases where a legal violation has occurred,
but it is unclear how the content of the violation should be classiﬁed

Fig. 4. Composition of legal violations with regard to casualty accidents while first graders
are walking on their commute to or from school (primary / secondary parties)
ITARDA INFORMATION no.121lSpeciafeatureCasualty accidents experienced by first graders while commuting to and from school~ Aiming for zero traffic accidents while commuting to and from school ~ITARDA INFORMATION no.121

1 Introduction
As shown in Fig. 1, the largest number of casualties from traffic accidents while walking is found among
seven-year-old children, with this number coming to 1,462 casualties in 2015. Moreover, Fig. 2 graphs the numberof casualties from traffic accidents while walking over five year increments between 1995 and 2015. For easiercomparison against Fig. 1, the accidents from 2015 alone are represented in a bar graph, while the other years
using broken line graphs. Apparently, the number of casualties among seven-year-old children has been gradually
decreasing, yet seven-year-old children still account for the highest numbers of casualties in each year. When wechecked to confirm the data from 1990 onward, which is the year that the Institute for Traffic Accident Researchand Data Analysis (ITARDA) began keeping statistics on traffic accident data, we found that seven-year-old
children have accounted for the greatest number of casualties from traffic accidents while walking since 1994. In
the 22-year period lasting through 2015, which constitutes the latest data at this point in time, there has been nochange in this trend whereby the number of casualties among seven-year-old children noticeably stands out(between 1990 and 1993 six-year-old children accounted for the most casualties, while seven-year-old children
were in second place).
Given the situation, for ITARDA Information No. 116, published in June 2016, we compiled a special feature on
traffic accidents involving children while walking, organizing their characteristics by time period, day, trip purpose,and gender. In this issue of ITARDA Information No. 121, we will further advance this analysis by focusing ourattention on traffic accidents involving first graders while commuting to and from school in an effort to organize
their characteristics primarily around the time periods and locations of such accidents.
(People)
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0

7-year olds

9
7
5
3

1
and
under

11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 (Age)Fig. 1. Number of casualties from traffic accidents while walking (2015)(People)
5,000
4,000

7-year olds

3,000
2,000

2015
2010
2005
2000
1995

Commuting from school

Playing

Shopping

Other

No. of casualties

9
7
5
3

11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 (Age)Fig. 2. Number of casualties from traffic accidents while walking (1995 - 2015)(People)
6,000
5,000

80%

4,000

60%

3,000
40%
2,000
20%

1,000

0%

0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Fig. 3. Composition of trip purposes when casualty accidents occurred
involving first graders while walking
Next, Fig. 4 graphs the composition of legal violations committed by the pedestrian with regard to casualty
accidents involving first graders while walking that occurred while commuting to or from school. Just like with Fig. 3,
it displays trends in conjunction with the number of casualties. Moreover, Fig. 5 shows a graph in the same manner
regarding casualty accidents while the child was out walking for purposes other than commuting to or from school.
Regardless of whether the accident occurred while commuting to or from school or at some other time, in thecomposition of traffic accidents on the part of the first graders the percentage of cases where no violation occurred
has been growing larger year-by-year. To that extent, the percentage of violations related to crossings, such as
crossing the street outside of pedestrian crossings or crossing at an angle, has been decreasing. Yet virtually nochange has been seen with the percentage of accidents where someone rushes out into traffic. The percentage ofaccidents where the child rushes out into traffic tends to be on the high side for traffic accidents involving children
while walking, and is not limited to first graders alone. Therefore, in order to reduce the number of traffic accidents
involving children while walking, we feel that it is crucial to respond to accidents in which the child rushes out into
traffic.
Furthermore, comparing accidents that occurred while commuting to or from school and those at other times
reveals that there is a large percentage of cases in which the person involved in an accident that occurred while
commuting to or from school did not commit any violation. From the accidents that occurred in 2015, the pedestrian
did not commit any sort of legal violation in roughly half of the casualty accidents involving first graders commuting
to or from school. In regards to this point, accidents while commuting to or from school cannot be eliminated solely
through responses on the part of the pedestrian (first grader). As such, we decided to once again analyze
responses on the driver’s side, and here we would like to pull together what can be done in terms of responses on
the pedestrian’s side.
Rushing into traﬃc

1
and
under

Visiting

100%

1,000
0

Commuting to school

Crossing

Other violations(*1)

No violation

No. of casualties

100%(People)
2,000

80%

1,500

60%

Changes in traffic accidents involving first graders

2 while walking over the past 20 years

Fig. 3 graphs the composition of trip purposes for first graders (Axis 1) and trends in the number of casualties(Axis 2) with regard to casualty accidents involving first graders while walking that occurred between 1996 and2015. Looking back over the past 20 years reveals that the greatest number of casualties from traffic accidents
involving first graders while walking was 5,128 back in 1996. A downward trajectory has continued since then, with
the number falling down to 1,553 casualties by 2015. However, virtually no changes have been seen in thecomposition of trip purposes for first graders, with the share of accidents that occur while commuting to and fromschool holding largely steady at around 35%.

ITARDA INFORMATION no.121

1,000
40%
500

20%
0%

0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015(*1) Other violations include cases where a legal violation has occurred,
but it is unclear how the content of the violation should be classiﬁed

Fig. 4. Composition of legal violations with regard to casualty accidents while first graders
are walking on their commute to or from school (primary / secondary parties)
ITARDA INFORMATION no.121lSpeciafeatureCasualty accidents experienced by first graders while commuting to and from school~ Aiming for zero traffic accidents while commuting to and from school ~Rushing into traﬃc

Crossing

Other violations(*1)

No violation

No. of casualties

100%(People)
4,000

80%

3,000

60%
2,000
40%
1,000

20%
0%

0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015(*1) Other violations include cases where a legal violation has occurred,
but it is unclear how the content of the violation should be classiﬁed

ITARDA INFORMATION no.121
We would like to advance the analysis further. Fig. 7 graphs the composition of pedestrian movements whencasualty accidents while walking occurred at intersections or near intersections. Similarly, Fig. 8 shows the
movement of pedestrians in accidents that occurred at non-intersections.
In every case, 80% or more of the casualty accidents while walking that occurred in intersections or nearintersections that are shown in Fig. 7 consisted of accidents while crossing in pedestrian crossings or elsewhere.
With accidents involving first graders that occurred when not commuting to or from school, a somewhat higher
share of accidents occurred while crossing somewhere other than a pedestrian crossing. But the composition of
accidents involving first graders featured a composition rate that was virtually identical to that for all age groups,
which is similar to the trend for the composition of the aforementioned road configurations (Fig. 6).
On the other hand, differences were seen in the composition between first graders and all age groups with regard
to the casualty accidents while walking at non-intersections as shown in Fig. 8. For accidents involving first
graders, the percentage of accidents while crossing exceeded 50%, even for accidents that occurred at
non-intersections. Moreover, with accidents while commuting to or from school, the percentage of accidents that
occurred while crossing at a pedestrian crossing is somewhat on the high side. This is thought to be because there
are lots of opportunities to cross streets by properly using pedestrian crossings while commuting to and fromschool as opposed to at other times, and so pedestrian crossings make up a larger percentage of the locations
where accidents occur.
Crossing at apedestrian crossing

Fig. 5. Composition of legal violations with regard to casualty accidents
while first graders are walking for purposes other than commuting toor from school (primary / secondary parties)

Characteristics of the locations where traffic accidents
3 occur while walking on the commute to or from schoolor for other purposes

Other

Non-intersections Intersections

39％

48％

Near intersections

Commuting to or from school(ﬁrst graders)

Non-intersections

39％

47％

Intersections
Non-intersections

34％

Near intersections

20％

30％

9％

Not commuting to or from school(ﬁrst graders)

40％

50％

60％

70％

90％

80％

Walking facing /parallel to vehicle

39％

24％

6％

100％

Other

19％

7％
59％

Not commuting to orfrom school (ﬁrst graders)

All age groups

5％
13％

26％

Crossing outside ofa pedestrian crossing

18％

Commuting to or from school(ﬁrst graders)

45％

8％

2％
17％

Fig. 7. Composition of pedestrian movement when casualty accidents occurred
while walking at intersections and near intersections (2015)

Other

Fig. 6. Composition of road configurations where casualty accidents while walking occurred (2015)
ITARDA INFORMATION no.121

10％

Crossing at apedestrian crossing

Near intersections

10％

0％

4％
11％

44％

56％

All age groups

Other

33％

37％

Not commuting to orfrom school (ﬁrst graders)

Other

Intersections

Walking facing /parallel to vehicle

52％

Commuting to or from school(ﬁrst graders)

In what sorts of locations do casualty accidents involving first graders commuting to or from school occur? In theanalysis hereafter, we would like to take a look at the characteristics of the accident locations by comparing those
accidents that occurred while commuting to or from school with those that occurred at other times by focusing on
those accidents that occurred in 2015.
For Fig. 6, we classified the road configurations for the locations where casualty accidents involving first graderswhile walking occurred into the following categories: Intersections, near intersections, non-intersections (bothstraight and curved roads), and other (railroad crossings, etc.). We then displayed the composition for these incircle graphs. Compared with accidents that occurred while not commuting, the percentage of accidents while
commuting to or from school is slightly higher at intersections. Furthermore, accidents while commuting to or fromschool are similar to the composition for road configurations for accidents while walking among all age groups.
Even in the aforementioned composition of legal violations, the percentage of cases in which there was no legal
violation was larger with accidents while commuting to or from school than with those at other times. Therefore,
the thinking is that children travel by following the rules to a comparatively greater degree while commuting to orfrom school compared with other times.

Crossing outside ofa pedestrian crossing

28％

5％
30％

All age groups

0％

10％

20％

31％
30％

40％

50％

34％
60％

70％

80％

90％

100％

Fig. 8. Composition of pedestrian movement when casualty accidents occurred
while walking at non-intersections (2015)
ITARDA INFORMATION no.121lSpeciafeatureCasualty accidents experienced by first graders while commuting to and from school~ Aiming for zero traffic accidents while commuting to and from school ~Rushing into traﬃc

Crossing

Other violations(*1)

No violation

No. of casualties

100%(People)
4,000

80%

3,000

60%
2,000
40%
1,000

20%
0%

0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015(*1) Other violations include cases where a legal violation has occurred,
but it is unclear how the content of the violation should be classiﬁed

ITARDA INFORMATION no.121
We would like to advance the analysis further. Fig. 7 graphs the composition of pedestrian movements whencasualty accidents while walking occurred at intersections or near intersections. Similarly, Fig. 8 shows the
movement of pedestrians in accidents that occurred at non-intersections.
In every case, 80% or more of the casualty accidents while walking that occurred in intersections or nearintersections that are shown in Fig. 7 consisted of accidents while crossing in pedestrian crossings or elsewhere.
With accidents involving first graders that occurred when not commuting to or from school, a somewhat higher
share of accidents occurred while crossing somewhere other than a pedestrian crossing. But the composition of
accidents involving first graders featured a composition rate that was virtually identical to that for all age groups,
which is similar to the trend for the composition of the aforementioned road configurations (Fig. 6).
On the other hand, differences were seen in the composition between first graders and all age groups with regard
to the casualty accidents while walking at non-intersections as shown in Fig. 8. For accidents involving first
graders, the percentage of accidents while crossing exceeded 50%, even for accidents that occurred at
non-intersections. Moreover, with accidents while commuting to or from school, the percentage of accidents that
occurred while crossing at a pedestrian crossing is somewhat on the high side. This is thought to be because there
are lots of opportunities to cross streets by properly using pedestrian crossings while commuting to and fromschool as opposed to at other times, and so pedestrian crossings make up a larger percentage of the locations
where accidents occur.
Crossing at apedestrian crossing

Fig. 5. Composition of legal violations with regard to casualty accidents
while first graders are walking for purposes other than commuting toor from school (primary / secondary parties)

Characteristics of the locations where traffic accidents
3 occur while walking on the commute to or from schoolor for other purposes

Other

Non-intersections Intersections

39％

48％

Near intersections

Commuting to or from school(ﬁrst graders)

Non-intersections

39％

47％

Intersections
Non-intersections

34％

Near intersections

20％

30％

9％

Not commuting to or from school(ﬁrst graders)

40％

50％

60％

70％

90％

80％

Walking facing /parallel to vehicle

39％

24％

6％

100％

Other

19％

7％
59％

Not commuting to orfrom school (ﬁrst graders)

All age groups

5％
13％

26％

Crossing outside ofa pedestrian crossing

18％

Commuting to or from school(ﬁrst graders)

45％

8％

2％
17％

Fig. 7. Composition of pedestrian movement when casualty accidents occurred
while walking at intersections and near intersections (2015)

Other

Fig. 6. Composition of road configurations where casualty accidents while walking occurred (2015)
ITARDA INFORMATION no.121

10％

Crossing at apedestrian crossing

Near intersections

10％

0％

4％
11％

44％

56％

All age groups

Other

33％

37％

Not commuting to orfrom school (ﬁrst graders)

Other

Intersections

Walking facing /parallel to vehicle

52％

Commuting to or from school(ﬁrst graders)

In what sorts of locations do casualty accidents involving first graders commuting to or from school occur? In theanalysis hereafter, we would like to take a look at the characteristics of the accident locations by comparing those
accidents that occurred while commuting to or from school with those that occurred at other times by focusing on
those accidents that occurred in 2015.
For Fig. 6, we classified the road configurations for the locations where casualty accidents involving first graderswhile walking occurred into the following categories: Intersections, near intersections, non-intersections (bothstraight and curved roads), and other (railroad crossings, etc.). We then displayed the composition for these incircle graphs. Compared with accidents that occurred while not commuting, the percentage of accidents while
commuting to or from school is slightly higher at intersections. Furthermore, accidents while commuting to or fromschool are similar to the composition for road configurations for accidents while walking among all age groups.
Even in the aforementioned composition of legal violations, the percentage of cases in which there was no legal
violation was larger with accidents while commuting to or from school than with those at other times. Therefore,
the thinking is that children travel by following the rules to a comparatively greater degree while commuting to orfrom school compared with other times.

Crossing outside ofa pedestrian crossing

28％

5％
30％

All age groups

0％

10％

20％

31％
30％

40％

50％

34％
60％

70％

80％

90％

100％

Fig. 8. Composition of pedestrian movement when casualty accidents occurred
while walking at non-intersections (2015)
ITARDA INFORMATION no.121

Casualty accidents experienced by first graders while commuting to and from school~ Aiming for zero traffic accidents while commuting to and from school ~

2011

2012

Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar

Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar

Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar

10

10

5

5

0

0

2013

2014

Fig. 10. Number of casualties by month from casualty accidents involving preschoolers
through second graders while walking (April 2011 - March 2014)
ITARDA INFORMATION no.121

Fig. 11. Number of casualties per weekfrom casualty accidents involving
first graders while walking
on their commute to or from school (2012)

Jul1-715

Jun24 ‒ 30

50
0

15

Apr 8 ‒ 14

100

20

Jun17 ‒ 23

150

20

Jun10 ‒ 16

Second graders25

Jun3 ‒ 9First graders25

May 27 ‒ Jun 2

200

Preschoolers(age 5 or older)

May 20 ‒ 26

250

30

May 13 ‒ 19

(People)Not commuting to or from school(People)30

May 6 ‒12

Commuting to or from school(People)Apr 29 ‒ May 5

Fig. 9. Number of casualties by month from casualty accidents involving preschoolers
through second graders while walking (April 2012 - March 2015)

Apr 22 ‒ 28

2015

Apr 15 ‒ 21

Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
2014

Apr 8 ‒ 14

2013

Jul1-7

2012

Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar

0

Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar

50

Jun24 ‒ 30b

Jun17 ‒ 23a

100

Jun3 ‒ 9

150

Jun10 ‒ 16c

May 20 ‒ 26

200

Second gradersFirst graders

May 27 ‒ Jun 2

Preschoolers(age 5 or older)May 6 ‒12250

Not commuting to or from school

May 13 ‒ 19

Commuting to or from school(People)Apr 22 ‒ 28

Next, we would like to take a look at the time periods in which the accidents occur. The number of casualties fromtraffic accidents involving children in the highest classes of kindergarten or preschool through second graders (April
2012 - March 2015) while walking, with a focus on children that entered elementary school in 2013, have beentallied and graphed into Fig. 9. Similarly, Fig. 10 shows the number of casualties by month among children in thehighest classes of kindergarten or preschool through second graders (April 2011 - March 2014) for those childrenthat entered elementary school in 2012, which corresponds to the year before that from Fig. 9. Both Fig. 9 and Fig.
10 show a very similar distribution, which indicates that the changes in the number of casualties by month shown
here does not seem to exhibit any sort of unique trend in individual years. We would like to take a look atcharacteristics regarding the trends in the number of casualties by month using these two graphs.

Here we would like to take a look at the three characteristics represented by a, b, and c in Fig. 9.
The first characteristic relates to changes in the number of casualties among preschoolers. Prior to entering
elementary school, children do not get into many accidents while commuting to or from school (preschool orkindergarten). But if you look at the total number of casualties, including when they are not commuting to or fromschool, you will see that the number gradually increases starting from around the January prior to when thechildren enter elementary school (a in Fig. 9). After entering elementary school, the children’s opportunities to goout alone without being accompanied by a parent increase, and as they draw closer to the point of entering
elementary school their opportunities to go out alone or to travel apart from their parents gradually increase. For
this reason, it is perhaps possible that the increase in the number of casualties starts slightly before the time when
they enter elementary school.
The second characteristic relates to the change that takes place immediately after they enter elementary school.
The number of accidents while commuting to or from school increases after the children enter elementary school,with a higher number of casualties while commuting to or from school occurring in May, the month right after April
when they enter elementary school (b in Fig. 9). Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 graph the number of casualties involving first
graders between the weeks of April 8 and July 7 from 2012 and 2013 respectively. Even the weekly trends in thenumber of casualties show that this number does not immediately increase after the students enter elementary
school, but that this number increases on an upward trajectory that lasts through early June. This is thought to be
impacted by the fact that the students’ conscientiousness when it comes to traveling safely diminishes, as the
special activities for commuting to and from school, such as commuting in groups, that are held when the students
first enter school gradually give way to a more normal state of affairs. It is also due to the fact that while thechildren themselves are initially nervous about commuting to school, they gradually get used to this and their
nervousness diminishes.
If we go back to the number of casualties by month from Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 and look at the changes from June
onwards, we see that the number of casualties from traffic accidents while commuting to or from school between
July and August declines substantially, which is believed to be due to the influence from summer vacation. The thirdand final characteristic is in relation to the difference between the number of casualties between the first andsecond graders. A broad look at the changes in the number of casualties among first graders shows that there is acomparatively large number between May and November (excluding the effects from summer vacation), before
these decline from December onwards. As a result, the number of casualties from first graders from December
onwards appears to be not all that different from the level for the number of casualties among second graders (c inFig. 9). This is believed to be impacted by seasonal factors, like the fact that temperatures are low and there arefewer hours of sunshine between December and March. However, the number of casualties from accidents while
commuting to or from school, which are believed to be minimally impacted by seasonal factors, also decline.
Therefore, even though there are individual differences, on the whole it is possible that around this time they finallybegin to conduct themselves in a manner similar to that of the second graders.
Given the aforementioned characteristics, providing safety instruction to children who are on the verge of entering
elementary school would be more effective if provided at least before they enter elementary school. After they enterschool, there appears to be a need to continuously pay attention until the end of the year to ensure that they do not
let their guard down as a result of growing accustomed to commuting to and from school.

Apr 29 ‒ May 5

Characteristics of the number of casualties by month

4 from preschoolers through second graders

ITARDA INFORMATION no.121

Apr 15 ‒ 21lSpeciafeatureFig. 12. Number of casualties per weekfrom casualty accidents involving
first graders while walking
on their commute to or from school (2013)
ITARDA INFORMATION no.121

Casualty accidents experienced by first graders while commuting to and from school~ Aiming for zero traffic accidents while commuting to and from school ~

2011

2012

Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar

Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar

Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar

10

10

5

5

0

0

2013

2014

Fig. 10. Number of casualties by month from casualty accidents involving preschoolers
through second graders while walking (April 2011 - March 2014)
ITARDA INFORMATION no.121

Fig. 11. Number of casualties per weekfrom casualty accidents involving
first graders while walking
on their commute to or from school (2012)

Jul1-715

Jun24 ‒ 30

50
0

15

Apr 8 ‒ 14

100

20

Jun17 ‒ 23

150

20

Jun10 ‒ 16

Second graders25

Jun3 ‒ 9First graders25

May 27 ‒ Jun 2

200

Preschoolers(age 5 or older)

May 20 ‒ 26

250

30

May 13 ‒ 19

(People)Not commuting to or from school(People)30

May 6 ‒12

Commuting to or from school(People)Apr 29 ‒ May 5

Fig. 9. Number of casualties by month from casualty accidents involving preschoolers
through second graders while walking (April 2012 - March 2015)

Apr 22 ‒ 28

2015

Apr 15 ‒ 21

Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
2014

Apr 8 ‒ 14

2013

Jul1-7

2012

Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar

0

Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar

50

Jun24 ‒ 30b

Jun17 ‒ 23a

100

Jun3 ‒ 9

150

Jun10 ‒ 16c

May 20 ‒ 26

200

Second gradersFirst graders

May 27 ‒ Jun 2

Preschoolers(age 5 or older)May 6 ‒12250

Not commuting to or from school

May 13 ‒ 19

Commuting to or from school(People)Apr 22 ‒ 28

Next, we would like to take a look at the time periods in which the accidents occur. The number of casualties fromtraffic accidents involving children in the highest classes of kindergarten or preschool through second graders (April
2012 - March 2015) while walking, with a focus on children that entered elementary school in 2013, have beentallied and graphed into Fig. 9. Similarly, Fig. 10 shows the number of casualties by month among children in thehighest classes of kindergarten or preschool through second graders (April 2011 - March 2014) for those childrenthat entered elementary school in 2012, which corresponds to the year before that from Fig. 9. Both Fig. 9 and Fig.
10 show a very similar distribution, which indicates that the changes in the number of casualties by month shown
here does not seem to exhibit any sort of unique trend in individual years. We would like to take a look atcharacteristics regarding the trends in the number of casualties by month using these two graphs.

Here we would like to take a look at the three characteristics represented by a, b, and c in Fig. 9.
The first characteristic relates to changes in the number of casualties among preschoolers. Prior to entering
elementary school, children do not get into many accidents while commuting to or from school (preschool orkindergarten). But if you look at the total number of casualties, including when they are not commuting to or fromschool, you will see that the number gradually increases starting from around the January prior to when thechildren enter elementary school (a in Fig. 9). After entering elementary school, the children’s opportunities to goout alone without being accompanied by a parent increase, and as they draw closer to the point of entering
elementary school their opportunities to go out alone or to travel apart from their parents gradually increase. For
this reason, it is perhaps possible that the increase in the number of casualties starts slightly before the time when
they enter elementary school.
The second characteristic relates to the change that takes place immediately after they enter elementary school.
The number of accidents while commuting to or from school increases after the children enter elementary school,with a higher number of casualties while commuting to or from school occurring in May, the month right after April
when they enter elementary school (b in Fig. 9). Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 graph the number of casualties involving first
graders between the weeks of April 8 and July 7 from 2012 and 2013 respectively. Even the weekly trends in thenumber of casualties show that this number does not immediately increase after the students enter elementary
school, but that this number increases on an upward trajectory that lasts through early June. This is thought to be
impacted by the fact that the students’ conscientiousness when it comes to traveling safely diminishes, as the
special activities for commuting to and from school, such as commuting in groups, that are held when the students
first enter school gradually give way to a more normal state of affairs. It is also due to the fact that while thechildren themselves are initially nervous about commuting to school, they gradually get used to this and their
nervousness diminishes.
If we go back to the number of casualties by month from Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 and look at the changes from June
onwards, we see that the number of casualties from traffic accidents while commuting to or from school between
July and August declines substantially, which is believed to be due to the influence from summer vacation. The thirdand final characteristic is in relation to the difference between the number of casualties between the first andsecond graders. A broad look at the changes in the number of casualties among first graders shows that there is acomparatively large number between May and November (excluding the effects from summer vacation), before
these decline from December onwards. As a result, the number of casualties from first graders from December
onwards appears to be not all that different from the level for the number of casualties among second graders (c inFig. 9). This is believed to be impacted by seasonal factors, like the fact that temperatures are low and there arefewer hours of sunshine between December and March. However, the number of casualties from accidents while
commuting to or from school, which are believed to be minimally impacted by seasonal factors, also decline.
Therefore, even though there are individual differences, on the whole it is possible that around this time they finallybegin to conduct themselves in a manner similar to that of the second graders.
Given the aforementioned characteristics, providing safety instruction to children who are on the verge of entering
elementary school would be more effective if provided at least before they enter elementary school. After they enterschool, there appears to be a need to continuously pay attention until the end of the year to ensure that they do not
let their guard down as a result of growing accustomed to commuting to and from school.

Apr 29 ‒ May 5

Characteristics of the number of casualties by month

4 from preschoolers through second graders

ITARDA INFORMATION no.121

Apr 15 ‒ 21lSpeciafeatureFig. 12. Number of casualties per weekfrom casualty accidents involving
first graders while walking
on their commute to or from school (2013)
ITARDA INFORMATION no.121

■ The composition of legal violations for casualty accidents involving first graders while walking shows that thepercentage of accidents where the pedestrian (first grader) did not commit any violation is gradually
increasing.
■ While the percentage of legal violations related to crossing is on the decline, no changes are seen with thepercentage of accidents involving children rushing into traffic.
■ The compositions of legal violations for accidents involving first graders while commuting to or from school
and the locations where said accidents occur differ from those for accidents that occur when not commuting toor from school. Since this is close to the composition for all age groups, it can be conjectured that children
commute to and from school by following the rules to a comparatively large degree.
■ Looking at the changes in the number of casualties by month reveals that these gradually increase startingfrom January prior to when the children enter elementary school.
■ The number of accidents while commuting to and from school increase after the children enter elementary
school, with the number of casualties higher in May and June than it is in April.
■ The number of casualties among first graders is high until about November, then from December onwards thedifference in the number of casualties between them and second graders diminishes.
■ Based on this change in the number of casualties by month, it will be necessary to provide children with safety
instructions sometime before December prior to when they enter elementary school, and to continue
encouraging children to stay safe up through November after they have entered school.

(Akira Yamaguchi)

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ITARDA INFORMATION no.121

つくば 交通事故調査事務所

29

交通事故分析レポート No.121lSpeciafeatureCasualty accidents experienced byﬁrst graders while commuting to and from school~ Aiming for zero traﬃc accidents while commuting to and from school ~Commutingto school
Other

29％

15％

Commutingfrom school3

住 友 水 道 橋 ビル８ 階

問合せ先
賞・副賞

ITARDA INFORMATION

No.121

公益財団法人 交通事故総合分析センター〒101 0064 東 京 都 千 代 田 区 猿 楽 町 ２ ７ ８

While the number of casualties from traffic accidents involving children while walking has been
decreasing year-by-year, the number of casualties from traffic accidents while walking when children
enter elementary school remains on an upward trajectory. Regarding the characteristics of traffic
accidents involving first graders described here, these demonstrate largely identical characteristics
regardless of which year’s accidents are analyzed.
Naturally of course, all of the first graders are replaced with new ones every year. At the same time, it
stands to reason that every year a large number of people become parents of first graders, with thethinking being that the vast majority of these parents are unaware of the situation surrounding traffic
accidents involving first graders while walking.
In order to correct the conduct that small children have a natural tendency to engage in, it will benecessary to take a certain amount of time to provide them with instructions over and over again. We
feel that the parents, who are the closest people to the child, must play a major role in this. In order toprepare new first-year students to be able to safely commute to and from school by following the traffic
rules starting from the first day they commute to and from elementary school, it will be effective to havethe parents walk together with the children along the routes they will actually use to commute to school
to provide them with specific instructions. This can be thought of as part of the preparations for thechildren to enter elementary school. We hope to inform as many people as possible of the situation andprovide reference for when parents should start providing safety instructions and for the contents of said
instruction.

ITARDA INFORMATIONThis issue of ITARDA Information focused mainly on casualty accidents experienced by first graderswhile commuting to or from school. The characteristics of these accidents can be summarized as follows:

交通事故分析レポート

5 Conclusion

イタルダ インフォメーション

23％

Shopping

7％

Visiting

10％

Playing

16％

Composition of trip purposes when casualty accidents involving
ﬁrst graders while walking occurred (2015)

1 Introduction ・
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Changes in traﬃc accidents involving ﬁrst graders while walking
2 over the past 20 years
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3 Characteristics of the locations where traﬃc accidents occur while・
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walking on the commute to or from school or for other purposes
4 Characteristics of the number of casualties by month ・
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from preschoolers through second graders
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