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ign (randomized controlled trial, RCT), I collected the data from the students at a university in Indonesia. This study found that ethical leadership positively affected work engagement and has an insignificant effect on workaholism. Furthermore, self-efficacy did not moderate the relationship between ethical leadership and work
engagement and workaholism, respectively.
Chapter 4 tested the effect of ethical and transformational leadership on work engagement with the interaction effect of those two leadership styles and the moderation effect of PSM in the case of public sector employees. Transformational leadership was added to compare the relative importance of the two leadership styles and examine their potential interaction effect, in addition to re-examining the positive effect of ethical lea
dership proved in Chapter 3. PSM was chosen as a personal resource because it is likely to be an effective moderator in the study case, public sector employees. The data were collected from 149 in-service employees ofthe Ministry of Finance, Indonesia, studying at the university in the ministry. The RCT was implemented, andthe findings were that both ethical and transformational leadership positively affected work engagement. The
re was no interaction effect between these leadership styles—moreover, PSM moderated only the relationshipbetween ethical leadership and work engagement.
Chapter 5 concluded based on all three empirical studies. As a whole, the JD-R theory is considered to be partially applicable for work engagement because the applicability of job resources and demands might depend on the type of individuals and workplaces. The implications for academics and practitioners, limitations, and direction for further studies are also discussed in this chapter.

備考

論文の要旨はＡ４判用紙を使用し，4,000字以内とする。ただし，英文の場合は1,500語以内とする。
Remark: The summary of the dissertation should be written on A4-size pages and should not exceed 4,000
Japanese characters. When written in English, it should not exceed 1,500 words.