No.27

December 2020

CONTENTS
PREFACE
COVID-19····································································································

1······················

2

OUTLINE OF TECHNICAL COMMITTEES IN IEEJ
Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation (DEI)Electrical Discharges, Plasma and Pulsed Power (EPP)
Electrical Wire and Cables (EWC)
High Voltage Engineering (HV)

2
3
4
5

Activities of Investigation Committees in the DEI Technical Committee··············· 7

Insulation Diagnosis Technologies for Electric Power Apparatus and Equipment
Using New and Practicable Insulation Materials

7

Advancing Tailor-made Composite Insulation Materials and Their Applications

8

Information for Asset Management of Electric Power Apparatus Based on
Insulation Deterioration

9

Electrical Insulation Reliability of Power Modules

10

Application of Quantum Chemical Calculations in the Field of Electrical andElectronic Insulation Materials

11

Standardization of Calibration and Advanced Measurements for Space Charge
Distribution at High Temperature using Pulsed Electro-acoustic Method

12

Advanced Nanomaterials and Nanostructure Control for Innovative Organic Devices
and Life Science

13

EINA Magazine Publication

14

Activities of Other Committees Related to Electrical Insulating Materials··········· 15

IEC TC 15 Japanese National Committee

15

IEC TC 112 Japanese National Committee

16

CIGRE SC D1 Japanese National Committee (Materials and Emerging Test Techniques)

18

Developing Networks for Young Researchers in Fundamentals and Materials Society in IEEJ19

RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AND TECHNICAL EXCHANGESIN ASIAN COUNTRIES················································································ 20
2020 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application(ICHVE 2020, September 7 to 10, 2020, China)
20

Conference Records

International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials(ISEIM 2020, September 13 to 25, 2020, Japan)

21················································· 26
ICPADM 2021 (International Conference on the Properties and Applications ofDielectric Materials)
26
ISH 2021 (22nd International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering)
26

International Conferences to be held in Asia

EINA No.27 (December 2020)i

China Corner
China-Developed Insulating Materials Used in ±500 kV XLPE Cable and Accessories: State of the art···················································································· 27

Korea Corner
A Commercial Implementation of Superconducting Cable System in Korea·················· 30

Indonesia Corner
Experiences in Using Polymeric Insulators in Indonesia································· 32

Recent activities of international students in Japan
Sharing My Experiences and Impressions during Research in The Midst of
COVID-19 PANDEMIC································································ 35

Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Research Activities
COVID-19 Infection Control at the Society of Fundamentals and Materials, IEE Japan ········
Education and Research Activities during the COVID-19 Pandemic at Kyushu Institute ofTechnology, Japan ······························································································
Research activities under the threats posed by COVID-19 in the Solid Insulation
Sector, CRIEPI Japan ·······················································································The research experience of electrical insulation combined with the Covid-19 pandemic andinfectious disease prevention and control in China ·······················································High Voltage Educational and Research Activities at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia under
COVID-19 Pandemic ·························································································
Spirit in Creation: Vent-I, An Innovation Product against Covid19 Pandemic in Indonesia ······

37
38
39
40
41
42

TECHNOLOGIES FOR TOMORROW
Prevention of Partial Discharge by Newly Applied RTV Coated Insulator under
Polluted Conditions·················································································· 46
Non-Destructive Inspection Method for Defects in Epoxy Resin by using THz Waves ··········· 48

BOOK REVIEW
Problems and Puzzles in Electric Fields ·································································
Standardization of Calibration and Advanced Measurements of Space Charge
Distribution at High Temperature Using the Pulsed Electro-acoustic Method-Advanced Measurement Techniques and Typical Applications- ································

49

50

MISCELLANEOUS
Photos on Front and Rear Cover························································ 51
Front Cover: World’s first DC 400 kV XLPE Cable System Has Started Operation
Rear Cover: Epoxy / Silica Nanocomposite Thin Films
Journals of IEEJ···················································································IEEJ Technical Reports

52············································································· 52

Application for Membership of IEEJ························································ 53

Way for Browsing or Purchasing Proceedings of IEEJ Technical Meetings and
IEEJ Technical Reports························································· 53
Members of the Cooperative Research Committee on EINA Magazine in 2020
Web Site for EINA Magazineii············· 55·································································· 55

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

PREFACE
Prof. Naoki HAYAKAWA

COVID-19
COVID-19 is widespread all over the world. People are obliged to change
their life and work style drastically. Also in my case, as a university professor,
the lecture and research activities are greatly affected, some of which will be
introduced here.
I have 4-6 lectures every year for undergraduate and graduate students on e.g.
electric power transmission, high voltage, electromagnetics, applied
superconductivity. We were required to prepare only ICT-based remote classes
in the 2020 spring semester, which was relieved in the 2020 fall semester so that
we could give some face-to-face classes. I prepared the pptx files with voicerecording for the ICT-based remote classes and found that the 90-minutes
face-to-face classes were shortened to 30-40 minutes in the pptx classes even forthe same contents. This means how much the live lectures had been flexibly
modified and added during the lecture with checking the students’ response. The
merit of ICT-based remote classes would lie in the repeatability on the students’demand. According to the lecture evaluation by students, it was interesting tofind that the ratio of students who liked the ICT-based remote classes and those
who liked the face-to-face classes was almost the same.
Since most of the research subjects in my laboratory were based on theexperiments, the research activities were basically stopped during the period
when the students were prohibited to come to university. However, thediscussions and communications with individual students or all members in mylaboratory were continued using the Web system.
Most of the meetings inside and outside the university, including thedomestic and international conferences and business trips, were held on-line
using Zoom, Teams, Webex, Skype, and so on. The on-line meetings were often
useful to save the time and money, but not enough to give and catch the delicate
nuance and feelings in the detailed discussions and communications. In October
2020, I participated in 3 international conferences. Each conference arranged its
time schedule in consideration of the international time difference, e.g. in theearly morning, in the daytime, in the late evening, sometimes in the midnight, inJapan. For 3 days in the end of October 2020, the 3 conferences happened to beheld in the same day and I participated them all day long. Each conference
seems to have successfully finished owing to the effort of the organizing
committees. As for ISEIM2020 held in September 2020, I would appreciate it if
you could read the article in this EINA No.27, where the challenges based on thegreatest efforts of the organizing committee are described. The experience inorganizing ISEIM2020 under COVID-19 will be reflected to the future
conferences such as CMD2022 and ISEIM2023.
I just wish that COVID-19 will come to an end asap and the healthy life will
come back to all people in the world.
Prof. Naoki HAYAKAWA
Nagoya University

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

1OUTLINE OF TECHNICAL COMMITTEES IN IEEJ
Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation (DEI)
Chairperson:
Secretaries:

Naoki Hayakawa (Nagoya Univ.)
Yoitsu Sekiguchi (Sumitomo Electric Industries)
Toshihiro Takahashi (CRIEPI*)
Assistant Secretaries: Yuuji Hayase (Fuji Electric)
Yoshinobu Murakami (Toyohashi Univ. of Tech.)*CRIEPI: Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry

The Technical Committee on Dielectrics andElectrical Insulation (TC-DEI) has a long history from1970. The activity of the TC-DEI has been covering
mainly solid and composite dielectric materials andtheir technologies.
The important activity of TC-DEI is the annual
domestic Symposium on Electrical and Electronic
Insulating Materials and Application in Systems(SEEIMAS), which is held as the International
Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials (ISEIM)
every 3 years. The symposium topics include
diagnostic techniques, inverter surge and partial
discharge phenomena, functional and new materials
and so on. In 2020, owing to COVID-19 coronavirus
pandemic, the 51st SEEIMAS was held as the 9th
ISEIM in the virtual web symposium (real-time eventson Zoom and on-demand events on MS Teams), as
shown in Fig. 1, from September 13th to 25th, 2020.
Total 210 persons from 19 countries participated in the
symposium with 168 presentations (incl. workshop anddigest reports) to share their experiences and discuss
the latest developments and future challenges in thisfield. The 9th ISEIM started with the Inuishi Memorial
Lecture by Prof. L. A. Dissado at University ofLeicester, UK, with the title “The Role of Theory in
Understanding Space Charge Distributions”. Plenary
Lecture entitled “Effects of Thermal Aging on
Characteristics of Kraft Paper in Various Liquid Insu-

Fig. 1. Group photo at the Inuishi Memorial

2

lating Materials” was
given
by
Prof.
Suwarno at the Institut
Teknologi Bandung,Indonesia.
The
next
52nd
SEEIMAS is expected
to be held as faceto-face symposium at
TohokuUniversity,
Sendai, in the middleof September, 2021,
after the 32nd Olympic
and Paralympic Games Fig. 2. Technical reportin Tokyo.
No. 1491 in English.
As one of the
fascinating topics of TC-DEI in 2020, a technicalreport No. 1491 has been published in English with thetitle “Standardization of Calibration and Advanced
Measurements of Space Charge Distribution at High
Temperature Using the Pulsed Electro-acoustic
Method” (Fig. 2). This technical report was used as the
textbook of the workshop as one of the real-time
events in the 9th ISEIM.
Adding to some technical, academic and educational
events, the TC-DEI runs Investigating R&D
Committees (IC’s) that organize several technicalmeetings in a year. The following five IC’s areon-going in their investigation research activities:(1) Application of Quantum Chemical Calculations in
the Field of Electrical and Electronic Insulating
Materials (Dec. 2018 – Nov. 2021, Chairperson:
Satoshi Matsumoto, Shibaura Inst. of Tech.)(2) Electrical Insulation Reliability of Power Module(Dec. 2018 – Nov. 2021, Chairperson: Masahiro
Kozako, Kyushu Inst. of Tech.)(3) Information for Asset Management of Power
Apparatus Based on Insulation Degradation (Aopr.
2019 – Mar. 2021, Chairperson: Katsumi Uchida,
Chubu Electric Power)(4) Advancing Tailor-made Composite Insulation
Materials and Their Applications (Jan. 2020 – Dec.
2022, Chairperson: Takahiro Imai, Toshiba ISS)EINA No.27 (December 2020)

(5) Advanced Nanomaterials, Organic Device
Development and Life Science Application for
Supporting Sustainable Growth (Oct. 2020 – Sept.

2023, Chairperson: Keizo Kato, Niigata Univ.)

Electrical Discharges, Plasma and Pulsed Power (EPP)

Chairperson:
Vice-Chairperson:
Secretaries:

Akiko Kumada (The University of Tokyo)
Hiroaki Ito (University of Toyama)
Hiroki Kojima (Nagoya University)
Katsuyuki Takahashi (Iwate University)
Assistant Secretaries: Yusuke Nakagawa (Tokyo Metropolitan University)
Yuki Inada (Saitama University)

The Technical Committee on Electrical Discharges,
Plasma and Pulsed Power (TC-EPP) in theFundamentals and Materials Society of the Institute ofElectrical Engineers of Japan (IEEJ) was newly
founded by integrating former Technical Committee on
Electrical Discharge and Technical Committee on
Plasma and Pulsed Power in January 1, 2019. This
committee covers the research fields related to thescience and technologies of electrical discharges,
plasma and pulsed power.
The main purpose of the TC-EPP is the wide
promotion of the research activities concerning to ta
variety of electrical discharges, plasma and pulsed
power in vacuum, gas, liquid and on surfaces ofmaterials and their applications to advanced
technologies, especially for realizing sustainable
society for the next generation.
In FY 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic had asignificant impact on the technical committee activity.
Although the technical meeting was postponed for twomonths from the originally scheduled in May, we
quickly decided to hold the technical meeting online
based on the judgment that providing an opportunity
for research presentations should be the highest
priority in the activities of the technical committee.
This was the second trial-based online technicalmeeting in IEEJ. After that, a joint workshop withswitch protection/stationary equipment was held at theend of September, and the International Workshop on
High Voltage Engineering (IWHV), a joint workshop
with high voltage and switch protection, was held
online in mid-November. Since the merits of on-siteplanning have been reaffirmed, we are planning a joint
hybrid-style dielectric/hyper voltage workshop in
January, depending on the social situation. Amongother activities, the 2020 PDJ symposium was held
online on July 31. In late January 2021, the Plasma
Processing Research Society/Plasma Materials Science
Symposium (SPP-38/SPSM33) will be held online.
As the applications of electrical discharge, plasmaand pulsed power technology, we have focused on thefields of energy, environment, materials, medicine andbio-agriculture. Our Technical Committee (TC-EPP)
holds three investigation R&D committees: (1)EINA No.27 (December 2020)

Investigation R&D Committee on the Insulation ofConverter-fed Rotating Machines with Expanded
Applications (Chair: Kumada, until November 2021):(2) Investigation R&D Committee on the Trend of
Surface Treatment Technology for Plasma Materials(Chair: Ryuta Ichiki, Oita University, until December2021): and (3) Investigation R&D Committee on
Food Sterilization and Processing Technology byPulsed Electric Field (Chair: Yasushi Minamitani,
Yamagata University until December 2021). The
following is a description of the activities of eachtechnical committee and the status of its scope.
A. Investigation R&D Committee on the Insulation ofConverter-fed Rotating Machines with Expanded
Applications
For energy saving and high efficiency operation, theuse of inverter drives for industrial motors isincreasing. In addition, the recent trend toward aircraft
electrification is expected to lead to the operation of
motors in harsher environments than ever before. In
order to ensure insulation reliability of motors against
increasing stress, it is necessary to establish an
insulation design method based on the discharge
phenomenon and degradation mechanism. An
overview of the current status of international
standards, the latest technology trends in theautomotive industry, research trends in measurement
and analysis techniques for insulation evaluation, andthe latest research trends in the elucidation of partial
discharge and degradation characteristics of motor
insulation were investigated. The committee met
online in response to the corona ravages andcompleted the draft table of contents of the technicalreport in the second half of the investigation period.
B. Investigation R&D Committee on the Trend of
Surface Treatment Technology for Plasma Materials
The committee is based on the idea that we caninvigorate technological progress by identifying
common problems in various fields of plasma surface
technology. A wide range of technologies are divided
into four fields: “film deposition,” “diffusion
treatment,” “surface modification,” and “new3

concepts,” and information on the technologicalprogress and problems in each field is being shared.
Until last year, the committee meetings were held in
the form of meetings to share information. This year,
we are working to share more specialized issues in theform of a study group, at the online-based meetings(Fig. 1).
C. Investigation R&D Committee on Food Sterilization
and Processing Technology by Pulsed Electric Field
Food disinfection is an important and essential task
for food companies to prevent food poisoning andextend shelf life. However, heat pasteurization is themainstream method for sterilization of food products
because of its reliability and safety, but because of thesevere deterioration of flavor and color, it is notenough to simply sterilize food products, and this is amajor issue that food companies should review inorder to differentiate their products from those of othercompanies. Therefore, pulsed electric field anddischarge plasma sterilization have attracted theattention of food companies as a non-thermal
sterilization technology. In addition, a need has arisen
to see if it can be applied to the efficient production offood products in a derived form. This committee isinvestigating these latest research trends.
With respect to food processing, pulsed electric

Fig. 1. Online-based meeting．
fields are used to promote the extraction ofcomponents from fruits. In addition, the quality offruits and vegetables has been improved through theuse of tissue perforation by pulsed electric fields, dried
fruits by accelerated drying, and vegetable chips bycolor and shape preservation. It is also possible tosoften food by piercing the tissue of food through theapplication of a pulsed electric field, and to soften beef,
pork, poultry, hard vegetables, and beans to make themeasier to eat for people with weak teeth. With theadvent of an aging society, there is a need for a methodof softening such foods to make them more palatablewithout reducing their nutrition and flavor.

Electrical Wire and Cables (EWC)
Chairperson:
Secretaries:

Naohiro Hozumi (Toyohashi University of Technology)
Yoshihisa Nagoya (Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd.)
Kenichi Furusawa (Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.)
Hiroshi Nishino (Fujikura, Ltd.)
Kouji Miura (SWCC Showa Cable Systems Co., Ltd.)Technical Committee on Electrical Wire and Cables(TC-EWC) is a committee organized in the IEEJPower and Energy Society, and is comprised ofmembers from cable manufacturers, power utilities,
railway companies, universities and related research
institutes such as Japan Electric Cable Technology
Center (JECTEC) and Central Research Institute ofElectric Power Industry (CRIEPI).
The technical committee organizes technicalmeetings to provide opportunities to present technicalachievements and to promote R&D activities in thisfield. The technical committee so far held technicalmeeting as a joint meeting of TC-DEI (TechnicalCommittee on Dielectrics and electrical insulation) and
TC-EWC, on “Insulation performance and degradation,
characteristics of DEI materials” in November, 2020.
Although the meeting was partially held on-line
because of the Corona issue, it was flooded with deep
discussions.
The technical committee will also hold two more

4

technical meetings, which are jointly organized by
TC-DEI and TC-EWC. The topic of the technicalmeeting was “Insulation performance and aging ofcable system, electric properties of insulating anddielectric materials”. Until the end of FY2020 we willhold meetings on “Degradation and malfunction ofwires/cables and countermeasures” and “Technology
trends in cable and wire systems (product technology,
aging mechanism clarification, diagnostics, evaluation,
judgment methods)” under this scheme.
In FY 2020 TC-EWC participated the symposium
on “Power facilities supporting Japanese lifelines”,
organized by the TC on Static Apparatus, and made apresentation on cable technologies.
In addition to organizing technical meetings, forums
and symposia, the technical committee supervises
investigation committees dealing with subjects related
to electrical wire and cables. Two investigationcommittees are in active during FY2020 on thefollowing subjects, respectively, i.e. “Technology
EINA No.27 (December 2020)

transition and issues in distribution insulating wires
and cables and their accessories responding toenvironmental usage” (this committee has been
terminated after publishing a technical report), and“Status quo and technology trends in powertransmission cables”. One more committee is now in
preparation.
In FY2020 the technical committee published a
special issue on “Recent Technologies on ElectricPower Wires & Cables” (2020 Vol. 140 Issue 4) with 8
outstanding full papers.
It is quite regrettable that because of the Corona
issue we could not organize a site visit that isrecognized a good opportunity to be exposed with newtechnologies, as no photo is available this year let us
again paste one taken last year when we visited“TEPCO Decommissioning Archive Center inFukushima” so that the readers can recognize most of
the members of the committee.
We strongly believe that Electric wire and cables
occupy an important part of infra-structure that

Chairperson:
Secretaries:

Fig. 1. Visit to TEPCO Decommissioning Archive
Center in Fukushima.

High Voltage Engineering (HV)

Assistant Secretary:

Hideki Motoyama (CRIEPI*)
Takeshi Iwata (Hitachi Corp.)
Yoshiki Nakazawa (Toshiba Energy Systems &Solutions Co.)
Hirokazu Matsumoto (CRIEPI*)*CRIEPI: Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry

Overview
Technical committee (TC) on High Voltage
Engineering (HV) is a TC belonging to Power &Energy (P&E) Society of the IEE of Japan (IEEJ).
This TC aims to promote exchange of informationand knowledge in the field of high voltage
engineering from international and domestic
viewpoints. The major activities of the TC include
establishing Investigating R&D Committees,
publishing IEEJ technical reports, and organizing
Technical Meetings. This TC has dealt with issues
related to high voltage engineering such as generation,measurement and evaluation of high voltages,
lightning, insulation coordination, EMC/EMI/EMF
and electromagnetic transient (EMT) analysis. As of
November 2020, 5 investigation committees areactive (Table 1), and three technical reports are slated
to be published shortly (Table 2).
Organization
The TC on HV consists of Chairperson (1),Secretaries (2), Assistant Secretary (1), and members
belonging to the following institutes: university (4),research institute (1), electric power utility (5), rail
way company (1), and manufacturer (7).

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

sustains stable supply of electric power. It is thus an
important responsibility of us to clarify the social
background and development process lead to theestablishment of the technologies, and pass these onto
the next generation.

Information on IWHV
One of the major missions of the International
Workshop on High Voltage Engineering (IWHV) is toprovide researchers, engineers, etc. mainly in Asian
countries with an opportunity of sharing novel
findings in the field of high voltage engineering.
Since IWHV was first held in Okinawa, Japan in
1999, IWHV has been held in various cities in Japan.
IWHV is now held once in two years. In every IWHV,
participants have active discussions and exchange
their knowledge and experience with each other. In
addition, contributions with original findings are
selected and introduced in a special issue of IEEJ
Transactions
on
ElectricalandElectronic
Engineering.
IWHV2020 was the 12th IWHV meeting. Unlike
ordinary IWHV meetings, IWHV2020 was held
online from November 19th to 20th due to the
COVID-19 pandemic.
IWHV2020 included six sessions where 18 papers
were presented orally during the two-day meeting. In
accordance with the rule of IWHV, presentations anddiscussions were made in English.
We hope that IWHV2020 was a productive
meeting for all the participants.

5

Table 1. Investigation R&D Committees in the TC on HV.
Investigation R&D Committee
Investigation R & D Committee on Characterization of Electromagnetic
Fields around Electric Power Facilities
Investigation R & D Committee on Analytical Technique Advancement of
Insulation & EMC design on General Electric Equipment
Investigation R & D Committee on Lightning Protection Issues for
Traction Power Supply and Signaling System for Railway
Investigation R & D Committee on Clarification of Lightning Damage
Mechanism and Lightning Protection Measures on Power Distribution
Lines
Investigation R & D Committee on Lightning Protection Issues for
Offshore Wind Power

Active period
3 years from 2018
3 years from 2018
3 years from 2019

Chairperson
Kenichi Yamazaki(CRIEPI)
Toshiaki Ueda
(Daido University)
Hitoshi Hayashiya(East Japan Railway Co.)

3 years from 2019

Tomoyuki Sato
(Tohoku Electric Power Co.)

2 years from 2020

Koichi Yamabuki(National Institute of Technology,
Wakayama College)

Table 2. Technical Reports to be published.
Title of Technical ReportSocial Infrastructure Insulation and EMC Design based on Lightning Risk
Assessment
Technological Transition and Future Issues for Rationalization ofLightning Protection Design of a Medium-Voltage Distribution Line
Trends in the Latest Technology for Maintaining the Lightning Resistanceand Improving the Operating Rate of Wind Power Generation Facilities

6

Chairperson
Toshihisa Funabashi(Nagoya University)
Shinji Yasui(Nagoya Institute of Technology)
Kazuo Yamamoto(Chubu University)

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

Activities of Investigation Committees
in the DEI Technical Committee
Insulation Diagnosis Technologies for Electric Power Apparatus andEquipment Using New and Practicable Insulation Materials
Chairperson:
Secretary:

Yoshiyasu Ehara (Tokyo City University)
Takashi Kurihara (CRIEPI*)*CRIEPI: Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry

Objective
Since cables and electric power apparatus were
installed in the high-growth period of the Japanese
economy, more than 40 years have passed and a lot ofthem have reached their design lifetimes and time toreplace. On the other hand, it is requested because of
the cost reduction in the operation of the power
apparatus and equipment to understand theirdegradation conditions and prevent the loss due totheir breakdown beforehand. Moreover, it is strongly
requested to use the electric power apparatus for the
lifetime limit.
The insulation materials and the structure of theelectric power apparatus and equipment are different
according to the manufacturing age and voltage class.
The insulation materials were transformed to theartificial ones from natural ones, and they have been
improved and diversified. Insulation technologies havealso progressed, and breakdown and lifetime theories
of insulation materials have been established. Also, anelectric field calculation and the various newmeasuring methods have been established, and thetechnologies relating to the insulation materials haveentered a mature phase. With those transitions ofelectrical insulation materials, insulation materials
with various functions are now adopted in the main
insulated system, and they are very hard to degrade.
However, physical phenomena to determine
degradation indexes and diagnostic technologies todetect pre-breakdown phenomena for those apparatus
and equipment have not been established. Also, theelectric power apparatus and equipment for which it ishard to carry out lifetime prediction is also being
manufactured.
On the other hand, in recent years, low price sensor
and telecom infrastructures have become available andthe studies using IoT technologies are increasing. Now,
we can deal with big data such as data about practicaloperation, operated apparatus and equipment, anddiagnosis now all at once. From now on, if the remoteinsulation degradation diagnostic system applying the
new diagnostic technique is established, it will become
possible to improve an insulation diagnosis precisionusing big data analysis etc. For the purpose, it is still
significant to understand the characteristic and thedegradation mechanism of the newest insulation
EINA No.27 (December 2020)

material.
For this reasons, the investigation committee on
insulation diagnosis technologies for electric power
apparatus and equipment using new and practicableinsulation materials was established in April 2017 witha total of 23 persons' composition from universities,
cable and electric power apparatus manufacturers,
insulating material manufacturers, electric powercompanies, a research institute, a diagnostic company,
and users. This investigation committee is aiming at
investigating and examining the trend and problems on
the degradation characteristics of insulation materials,
diagnostic technologies, and practical use of IoT and
big data in insulation diagnosis.
Activities
The committee performs the further investigationand examination to the above problems and future
trends. The main investigations of the committee are as
follows;
 Investigation of the newest insulation degradation
measurement technologies for dielectric andelectrical insulation materials.
 Investigateofmaterial
characteristics,
degradation
mechanisms,
andinsulation
degradation diagnostic technologies relating to
the electric power apparatus and equipment using
new insulation material.
 Investigation of practical applications of IoTtechnologies or big data to insulation diagnosis.
In this committee, sixteen meetings were held since2017. Published papers were surveyed focusing on theinsulation degradation diagnostic technologies basedon characteristics of the insulating materials. The
committee held investigation tours three times on thecable and the insulating material manufacturers and theusers. In addition, the committee held the study
meeting with degradation phenomena and diagnosis
technologies for power cable and electrical insulating
materials in 2018, and introduced investigated results
on insulation materials and the latest diagnostic
technologies for 3 to 77kV electric power equipmentin the annual meeting of IEEJ in March 2020. The
final technical report will be issued from IEE Japan in
February 2021.

7

Term of Investigation
The term of this committee is three years from April
2017 to March 2020.
Members of Investigation Committee
Chairperson: Yoshiyasu Ehara (Tokyo City Univ.)
Secretary: Takashi Kurihara (CRIEPI)Members: Seiichi Inoue (Fuji Electric), Tadashi
Ikemori. (Wave System), Koji Urano (SE Technology),
keisuke.etoh (Idemitsu),
Yasumitsu Ebinuma(Shonan Ins. of Tech.), Hiroyuki kamiya (Hitachi),Hiroaki Kamohara (dyden), Masahiro kozako (kyushu

Ins. of Tech.), Hiroyuki kon (Fujikura), Naoto
Shigemori (Furukawa Electric), Kiyoka Suenaga (JFE
Steel), Makoto Takanezawa (Toshiba), Hiroaki Cho(Toshiba), kazunori Hayashi (kitamachi planning),
Hitoshi Hayashiya (JR East), Masayuki Hirai(kuwahara denko), Jun Fujiki (Nitto Shinko), Naoya
Yamasaki (Sumitomo Electric Ind.), Yasuhiro
Yoshioka (Meidensha), Keisuke Yokohata (Tokyo
Electric Power), Masanobu Yoshida (Chubu ElectricPower.

Advancing Tailor-made Composite Insulation Materials andTheir Applications
Chairperson:
Secretaries:
Assistant Secretary:

Takahiro Imai (Toshiba Infrastructure Systems &Solutions Corp.)
Muneaki Kurimoto (Nagoya University)
Hideki Misaka (CRIEPI*)
Ryotaro Shimada (Hitachi, Ltd.)*CRIEPI: Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry

Objective
Tailoring of polymer composites enables insulationmaterials to meet demand in electric power andelectronics sectors. Previous investigating R&D
committee (Chairperson: Dr. Toshikatsu Tanaka,
Waseda University) summarized the cutting-edge
research on tailoring of composites and published IEEJ
technical report No. 1455 in May 2019.
Advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) including
Materials Informatics (MI) is just about to accelerate
the tailoring of composites. Therefore, the subsequent
committee started in January 2020. Our investigating
R&D committee has two main objectives as shown in
Figure 1. We believe that our activities toward theobjectives play an initiative role in polymer composite
insulation material fields.
Activities
A. TMC (Tailor-Made Composite) Newsleaf
TMC Newsleafs have been issued monthly to sharethe latest technology and information as shown in
Figure 2. Editor, Dr. Muneaki Kurimoto, gathers thearticles concerning topics of interesting papers,
self-introductions and upcoming related conferencesfrom the committee members. Members look forward
to reading the Newsleafs.
B. Special Lecture for Understanding of Materials
Infomatics
COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic has an impact
on the committee but cannot stop our activities. We
keep the investigative activities and continue to holdthe trimonthly meeting. In particular, the 2nd meeting

8

Fig. 1. Two main objectives in investigating R&D
committee.

Fig. 2. TMC Newsleaf No. 1 and 2.
held on web in May 2020 invited the specialist, Dr.
Yasutaka Nishida (Toshiba Corporation), of Materials
Informatics (MI). His special lecture enhanced ourunderstanding of the MI and stimulated our efforts forthe feasibility survey of the MI in the insulationmaterial fields.
Moreover, we plan a special lecture of new
insulation materials based on new fabrication
technologies and their applications in web or

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

face-to-face meeting.
Term of Investigation
January 2020 to December 2022 (three years)

Table 1. Investigation R&D Committees in the TC
on HV.

Members of Investigation Committee
Committee members are shown in Table 1. Ourcommittee consists of 28 persons. Ratio of academia
including research institute and industry is almost halfand half. We believe that it is particularly good balance.
Industry members consist of many specialists
belonging to manufactures in electric power,
electronics, cable, and material sectors.

Information for Asset Management of Electric Power Apparatus
Based on Insulation Deterioration (IAM)
Chairperson:
Secretary:
Assistant Secretary:

Katsumi Uchida (Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc.)
Kiyoka Suenaga (JFE Advantech Co, Ltd.)
Yuta Makino (CRIEPI*)*CRIEPI: Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry

Objective
Many electric power apparatuses in Japan
manufactured from the 1960s to the 1980s, and lots ofthem have been used. Therefore, it has been required
to maintain and replace them with minimizing
maintenance costs and considering the fault risk. Assetmanagement (AM) is one of the ways to achieve this.
Previous committees have surveyed various
bibliographies and have discussed the strategic AMthat can reduce and control maintenance costs byconsidering the deterioration and the fault risk onelectric power apparatuses. Besides that, research
institutes and organizations have discussed theapplication of AM to electric power apparatuses.
However, AM has not been widely applied to theelectric power apparatuses yet. The next step is thewidespread use of AM in apparatus users.
This committee was established in 2019 in order toclarify the reason why AM has not been widely applied
to the electric power apparatuses and proposes thenecessary conditions for the widespread use of AM. To
achieve that, we investigate bibliographies and actual
examples of the application of AM to electric power
apparatuses and discuss what information is necessary
for the application of AM to electric power
apparatuses.

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

Activities
The committee is composed of 12 members fromdomestic and overseas universities, manufacturing andelectric power companies, and a research institute.
Main investigation topics are as follows.
(1) Understanding of necessary information for theapplication of AM to electric power apparatuses.
(2) Investigation of accuracy of diagnostic techniques
to electric power apparatuses.
(3) Discussion appropriate AM for electric power
apparatuses.
It is assumed that there is appropriate information
for AM on each electric power apparatus. It is also
important to collect information for AM continuously
and to use this information in order to understand thetrend. Therefore, we will investigate necessary
information for the application of AM to apparatuses
by surveying bibliographies and actual examples.
In addition, diagnostic techniques are applied tosome apparatuses in order to understand theircondition. The accuracy of diagnostic techniques isrelated to AM. Also, it is assumed that the accuracy of
diagnostic techniques is improved with comparison of
the diagnosis result and the condition of removed
apparatus. By investigating the examples of theinvestigation of removed apparatus and its results ofdiagnostic techniques, we discuss how they are related

9to AM.
Finally, we will discuss appropriate AM for electric
power apparatuses and propose the necessary
conditions for the application of it.
By these investigation and discussion, information
for the application of AM can be collected widely andcontinuously, and AM will be conducted in earnest. As
the result, it is expected that maintenance costs can be
reduced and controlled.
This committee has been held four times. We haveinvestigated and discussed the following points.
 Necessary information for the application of AM
to electric power apparatuses.
 Diagnostic techniques to electric power
apparatuses.
 Improvement of the accuracy of diagnostic
techniques with comparison of the diagnosis
results and the condition of removed apparatuses.
 Examples of the application of AM on electric
power company and other companies that use
electric power apparatuses.
 Current status of AM in overseas.
 Appropriate AM for electric power apparatuses.
Through the investigation and discussion on thiscommittee, we have confirmed that it is important toapply AM to apparatuses even if it’s not theappropriate AM. Then, the user can turn the PDCA.
Also, the comparison of the diagnosis results and thecondition of removed apparatuses is important tounderstand deterioration and improves the diagnostic
accuracy. Through the PDCA including thatcomparison, AM would become appropriate AM.
As the last activity of this committee, we will holdthe Symposium about AM on the annual meeting of
I.E.E. Japan in 2021. We plan to present the overview
of AM, examples of the application of AM, current
status of AM in Japan and overseas and the proposal of
the necessary conditions for the widespread use of AM.
Audience will be able to imagine the specificapplication of AM to electric power apparatuses intheir company.
Term of Investigation
The term of this committee is two years from April
2019 to March 2021.

Electrical Insulation Reliability of Power Modules
Chairperson:
Secretaries:

Masahiro Kozako (Kyushu Institute of Technology)
Naoya Kishi (Zeon Corporation)
Yuji Hayase (Fuji Electric Co., Ltd.)

Objective
In recent years, while power electronics systems
have attracted considerable attention as a key
energy-saving medium, improvements in theirelectrical insulating materials are needed. The
development of next-generation power modules must
focus on aspects such as miniaturization, high density,
high heat resistance, high withstand voltage, highefficiency, and high reliability. Additionally, thereliability of electrical insulation is of particularimportance. Currently, established evaluation methods
are applied; however, in the future, understanding
electrical phenomenon with even more evolved
electric fields is inevitable. Therefore, the“Investigation Committee on Electrical Insulation
Reliability of Power Modules” (Power module
Insulation and Evaluation technologies (PIE))
committee) was established in December 2018 under
the ambit of the Technical Committee on Dielectricand Electrical Insulating Materials of the IEEJ. The
objective of this committee is to discuss existing andnewly developed evaluation methods and insulating
materials and subsequently propose evaluationmaterial technologies that are suitable for developing
next-generation power modules.

10

Fig. 1. A group photo of a visit to the Osaka
Research Institute of Industrial Science andTechnology

Fig. 2. A snapshot of the 6th meeting held on the
web in June 2020.
EINA No.27 (December 2020)

Activities
The main fields of activity related to power modules
are as follows. (1) Latest trends in development
technology, (2) insulation performance reliability
evaluation technology (current and new possibilities),(3) electrical insulating materials (current and new
possibilities), and (4) insulation mechanism. The
committee also takes an active interest in international
activities related to setting standards for evaluating
insulation reliability. The committee conducts four
meetings at specific intervals during the course of ayear.
Term of Investigation
The term of this committee is three years from
December 2018 to November 2021. The final technicalreport will be issued from IEE Japan in 2022.
Members of Investigation Committee
Committee members are shown in Table 1. The
investigation committee comprises 28 members fromuniversities (9), laboratories (3), power-module makers(6), material makers (7), power-module users (1),Table 1. Members of the committee.
MemberDaiko, Y.
Haga, M.
Ichikura, Y.

Imai, Y.

Affilication
Nagoya Institute ofTechnology
Daicel Corporation
Toshiba Infrastructure
Systems & Solutions
Corporation
National Institute ofAdvanced Industrial
Science and Technology

MemberNagata, M.

Toyohashi University ofTechnology
University of Hyogo

Ohki, Y.

Waseda University

Ohta, T.

Panasonic Corporation

Murakami, Y.

Kadowaki, K. Ehime University

Okabe, S.

Kamei, N.

Oomori, H.

RIMTEC Corporation

Affilication

Japan Science andTechnology Agency
Sumitomo ElectricIndustries, Ltd.

Osaka Research InstituteSekisui Chemical Co.,of Industrial Science and Oowashi, K.
Kitani, R.
Ltd.
Technology
Toshiba MitsubishiKumada, A. The University of Tokyo
Shimizu, T. Electric Industrial
Systems Corporation
Expert (Tokyo City
Kurimoto, M. Nagoya University
Takada, T.
University)
Japan Electrical Insulatingand Advanced
Kurokawa, N.
Taniguchi, K. Fuji Electric Co., Ltd.
Performance Materials
Industrial Association
Kusukawa, J. Hitachi, Ltd.

Yamada, S. Denka Company Limited

Miyake, H.

Tokyo City University

Yamamoto, K.

Morishima, Y.

Furukawa Electric Co.,Ltd.

(Alphabetical order)

Mitsubishi Electric
Corporation

experts (1), and agencies (1).

Application of Quantum Chemical Calculations in the Field ofElectrical and Electronic Insulation Materials
Chairperson:
Secretaries:
Assistant Secretary:

Satoshi Matsumoto (Shibaura Institute of Technology)
Hiroaki Miyake (Tokyo City University)
Yoitsu Sekiguchi (Sumitomo Electric Ind., Ltd.)
Masamichi Kato (Yuka Industries)

Objective
In recent years, along with the development of
quantum chemical calculation techniques, research tounderstand insulating materials using quantum
chemical calculation techniques has expanded, andnew knowledge has been obtained regarding the
movement of electrons in polymer materials at themolecular level. Unlike the periodic crystal structuresof metals or semiconductors, polymer materials used
for electrical and electronic insulating materials have ahierarchical higher-order structure based on thearrangement of polymer chains. In addition to this,chemical structure that represents the arrangement of
atoms show a very complicated appearance as shownin Fig.1. As a result, it was difficult to express theelectronic structure of the insulating material well,which hindered the understanding of the correlation
between the movement of electrons in the material andthe dielectric phenomenon. This committee
investigates the application of quantum chemical
calculation in the field of insulating materials,
evaluates its usefulness, and looks at future

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

developments to promote the use of quantum chemical
calculation and foster young researchers.
Main Survey Items
The committee plans to study application examplesof quantum chemical calculations in the field of
insulating materials by dividing them into several
themes. Main themes are as follows.
A: Arrangement of relationship between calculatedparameters and dielectric properties
B: Issues in large-scale calculations and trends in theirsolutions
C: Research trends overseas
Based on the results of these surveys, we will makepresentations at study groups and national convention
symposiums, and plan to compile them in technicalreports.
Past Activities and Expected Effects
Activities so far regarding the application ofquantum chemical calculations in the field of

11

Fig. 1. Needs for quantum chemical calculation in
the field of electrical and electronic insulationmaterials.
insulating materials are based on the APIANS at the
ISEIM International Conference organized by the
Research Committee on Evolving Tailor-madeComposite Insulating Materials, the TechnicalCommittee on Dielectric Insulating Materials andvarious dielectric and insulating materials have beentaken up in a special session, and active discussions

have already been made. In response to these activities,
this committee had started full-scale activities in 2019.
Main topic is a direct lecture on the research results inJapan among the application examples of quantum
chemical calculation in the field of dielectric insulating
materials in order to share information within thecommittee.
Expected results and investigating themes: For eachof the themes, quantum chemical calculations can beused effectively in the field of electrical and electronic
insulating materials by systematically organizing theobtained information. Looking at insulating materials
at the molecular level is a new initiative, and webelieve that a broad survey of research results andtrends in Japan and abroad will provide guidance on
the application and future development of quantum
chemical calculations in this field. We also hope thatsuch efforts will attract the interest of young
researchers and engineers, and create a new trend inresearch on electrical and electronic insulating
materials.

Standardization of Calibration and Advanced Measurements
for Space Charge Distribution at High Temperature using
Pulsed Electro-acoustic Method
Chairperson:
Secretaries:
Assistant Secretary:

Yasuhiro Tanaka (Tokyo City Univ.)
Hiroaki Uehara (Kanto Gakuin Univ.)
Yoshinobu Murakami (Toyohashi Univ. of Tech.)
Hiroki Mori (Furukawa Electric Co., LTD.)

Objective
The investigation committee has two major
purposes. First one is standardization of calibration formeasurement of space charge distribution at hightemperature using PEA (Pulsed electro acoustic)
method. The PEA method has been used to measurespace charge distribution in dielectric materials by
many researchers, and it has been accepted, in general,
as a useful method to understand electrical propertiesof dielectric materials. A basic measurement procedureat room temperature using PEA system has been
already published by the domestic and internationalorganizations for standardization, JEC (JapaneseElectrotechnical Committee) and IEC (International
Electrotechnical Commission), as JEC-TR-610042012 and IEC TS 62758, respectively. However, since
many dielectric materials are expected to be used
under high temperature and the demand to measure thespace charge distribution under such environment has
been increasing. Therefore, the investigationcommittee has been established to discuss and make adraft for the standard procedure to evaluate the PEA
measurement equipment for high temperature

12

measurement. Discussion in this committee is
supposed to be reflected into the draft of TR in JEC
and TS in IEC.
Activities
The committee is composed of 15 members, andinvestigating the followings.
A. Proposal of the calibration method of PEA
measurement at temperature from room temperature to
100 °C.
A recommendation for the calibration method of
PEA measurement at temperature from room
temperature to 100 °C has been proposed and it has
been published on as a technical report (TR) of JEC
TR-61010:2020, entitled “The Calibration Method ofSpace Charge Measurement using Pulsed-electroacoustic Method at High Temperature”, in March,2020 (in Japanese).
B. Investigation of the advanced measurement
techniques
The advanced measurement techniques, especially
EINA No.27 (December 2020)

developed by Japanese researchers are investigated,successively taking over the former activities carriedout by the former committees. To open the obtained
investigation results to the researchers in the world, thecommittee decided to publish the activities in English.
The title of it is “Space Charge Measurement using
PEA Method -Advanced Measurement Techniques andTypical Applications-”, and it will be published as atechnical report of IEEJ which is normally publishedin Japanese. The followings are contents of thetechnical report that will be published in September
2020. Furthermore, a workshop for the publishedreport is supposed to be held in ISEIM 2020.

Contents:
1. Introduction
2. Principle of PEA Measurement
3. Improvement of Measurement
4. Measurement under Specific Environments
5. Under Various Electric Field
6. Various Shape
7. Application to New Materials
8. Q(t) Method
Term of Investigation
April 2017 to March 2020

Advanced Nanomaterials and Nanostructure Control for Innovative
Organic Devices and Life Science
Chairperson:
Secretaries:
Assistant Secretary:

Keizo Kato (Niigata University)
Shin-ichro Nakajima (Japan Aviation Electronics
Industry, Ltd.)
Yusuke Aoki (Mie University)
Akira Baba (Niigata University)

Recently, research on organic electronics, such as
the development of devices and sensors using organic
materials, is making great progress. Ubiquitous andwearable devices are also expected as flexible devices.
Research on printed electronics and bioelectronics arealso active. Research on such organic devices can also
be applied to life sciences. For this organic device
development and life science application, nanomaterials and nanostructure control are considered tobe very important, and various trials and research anddevelopment are currently underway.
The R&D committee was established in July 2017,with the term of three years. The investigation has
focused attention on the nanomaterials and structure
control for high performance organic devices and life
science related to:1) Advanced nanomaterials and nanostructure control
technology,2) Surface/interface properties of nanomaterials anddevices, and their evaluation technology,3) Nanostructure control of nanomaterials, organic thinfilms and composite films, and electronic and optical
functions, and
4) Innovative organic devices and life science
applications of nanomaterials, organic thin films, andcomposite films.
As shown in Table 1, 11 meetings were held.
Lectures related to the above subjects were given by
the committee members and non-member researchers.
Recent research topics and trends were also introduced

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

Table 1. Meetings of the Investigating R&D
Committee.
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th
11th

Dates
Jul. 28, 2017
Sep. 26, 2017

Venue
Gofuku Campus, Toyama University
Surugadai Campus, Nihon University
Ookayama Campus, Tokyo Institute ofDec. 8, 2017
Technology
Open
Innovation
Office,Osaka
Apr. 23, 2018
University
Head Office, Corona Corporation,
Jul. 19-20, 2018 Izumiya, and Machinaka Campus
NagaokaToyosu Campus, Shibaura Institute ofDec. 6, 2018
Technology
Mar. 14, 2019 Sapporo Campus, Hokkaido University
Jul. 5-6, 2019 Sado Toki Fanclub Hall and Hotel Osado
Sep. 3, 2019
Ueda Campus, Iwate University
Head Office, Japan Aviation Electronics
Nov. 14, 2019
Industry, Ltd
Jun, 12, 2020 ONLINE (Zoom)

by the committee members, and earnest discussions
were done. Advanced technologies such as
nanomaterials and nanostructure control will lead tothe development of high-performance organic devices.
In addition, new functions are expected to be realized
by the nanostructure control technologies ofnanomaterials and organic/composite thin films. The
development of innovative organic devices and life
science applications are greatly expected.

13

EINA Magazine Publication
Chairperson:
Editor:Secretaries:

Masayuki Nagao (Toyohashi Univ. of Technology)
Yoshiyuki Inoue (Toshiba Mitsubishi-Electric Industrial
Systems Corporation)
Masahiro Kozako (Kyushu Institute of Technology)
Norikazu Fuse (CRIEPI*)*CRIEPI: Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry

Objective
The EINA Committee, which publishes themagazine “Electrical Insulation News in Asia”, aims toconstruct an international interactive channel for
information exchange in the field of dielectrics andelectrical insulation in the Pan Pacific region. We are
currently providing an annual issue of EINA magazine
as well as making it available in the EINA Website.
Chronicle of the Committee
The Committee, with official title “the Cooperative
Research Committee (CRC) of Asian Interlink ofDielectrics and Electrical Insulation”, was establishedby the late Professor M. Ieda in 1991. It played theleading role in initiation of this kind of work from Jan.
1991 to Dec. 1992. The committee reviewed thepresent status of scientific and technologicalcooperation in the field of dielectrics and electricalinsulation in Asian countries and sought appropriate
ways to promote informative interaction among thecountries.
On the basis of the former activities, the CRC of“Electrical Insulation News in Asia” was founded byProfessor H. Yamashita, Keio University in April 1994.
One of its key activities was publication of the“Electrical Insulation News in Asia (EINA)” from No.
1 (Sept. 1994) up to No. 6 (Sept. 1999). This
dedication contributed greatly to mutual understandingof electrical insulation activities in Asia.
Professor T. Tanaka of Waseda University took overthis role in 2000, and expanded its role toaccommodate information flow among Asian countries
and to facilitate more timely flow of information
through its Website. Three international technicalexchange sessions were held in ICPADM 2000 (Xian
Jiatong University, China), ISEIM 2005 (theKitakyushu Intern’l Conf. Center, Japan) and ISEIM
2008 (Yokkaichi Cultural Hall, Japan) for promotionof information exchange and human contact among
researchers of Pan-Pacific region in the field.
Professor M. Nagao of Toyohashi University ofTechnology) has chaired the committee since 2009. In
the past the EINA magazine had been published byboth sending by mail as well as through the website. In
2015 we sent out questionnaires on the way of the
publication to readers. As the collected answers
coincided with our intention, we decided to publish themagazine mainly in electronic PDF form through the14

website. However, we still continue to send printed
booklets for those requesting and authors of articles in
the issue. They are also distributed at related
international conferences.
Activities
Our present committee consists of 8 key members
listed in the right of this page and 20 other members
listed in the last page of the magazine. One annual
general meeting and also secretariat meetings asneeded are held to plan, carry out and review its
activities. The EINA Magazine No. 26 was publishedin electronic form in December 2019 as shown in Fig.1
and was also uploaded to our website http://eina.ws/.
Please visit the website. It may be of interest to you.
The Committee has been financially supported by
IEEJ as well as by voluntary contributions fromJapanese enterprises.
Term of Investigation
The term of this committee is two years from
September 2019 to August 2021. Thereafter asucceeding committee will be set up every two years.

Fig. 1. Front and rear covers of the latest issue of
EINA magazine (EINA No. 26, Dec. 2019).

The web site of the committee
http://eina.ws/ where you can browse the EINA
magazines.

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

Activities of Other Committees Related toElectrical Insulating Materials
IEC TC 15 Japanese National Committee
Chairperson:
Secretaries:

Y. Yamano (Chiba University)
Y. Wakashima (Japan Electrical Safety & Environment
Technology Laboratory)
A. Kawaguchi (Japan Electrical Safety & Environment
Technology Laboratory)

The scope of IEC TC15 is to prepare international
standards including specifications for solid electricalinsulating materials alone and in simple
combinations1). This includes coatings which areapplied in the liquid state but cure to solids, such as
varnishes and coatings. The standards include test
methods and guidance where these are required for the
specifications. Although TC15 Japanese National
Committee (TC 15 of JNC) has certainly the same
scope as that for IEC TC15, its mission isaccomplished by consulting with Japanese industrial
situations and market in the world.
TC15 establishes definitions, general requirements
and specification sheets for individual types ofmaterials. The standards include test methods andguidance where these are required for the
specifications. As shown in Table 1, the current
activities of TC15 are carried out by 3 working groups(WGs) and 6 maintenance teams (MTs). IEC TC15 has
now more than 160 published standards.
IEC TC 15 meeting of this year has been postponed
until September – October 2021 due to the Covid-19.
The secretary of TC15 informed us that members of
TC15 working groups and maintenance teams areencouraged to utilize online web meeting (such as
ZOOM) to address the decisions reached during the2019 meetings (Frankfurt) in their areas of
responsibility and provide necessary documents forappropriate action as referenced in the Meeting Report
15/907A/RM. Following this information, the numberof meetings of TC15 of JNC held in this year is
reduced from 3 times to 2 times in a year, keeping theactivities of revision works as those in last year. The
discussions of the revision works were carried out by
the online web meeting and e-mail.
As described 2 sentences before, IEC TC15 has 3
WGs and 6 MTs which deals with the individual solid
insulating materials for electrical and electronics
applications. The kind of insulating materials
concerned with TC 15 are classified by fundamental
and basic category. Member of TC15 of JNC are
encouraged to activate the global market through theirtechnologies of high levels. TC15 of JNC iscontributing to the standardization works in WGs and
MTs as the convenors and experts of the WGs andMTs, which are WG6 MT3, MT10, MT14, MT15 and
EINA No.27 (December 2020)

MT16. Especially, MT3 and MT16 are managed by
Japanese convenor.
The current working projects in TC15 is shown in
Table 2. Nine standards are now under revising process.
Two JP members are the project leaders for therevisions of PP (Polypropylene) film and PI(Polyimide) film. Last year, a newly revised 3
standards, a series of “vulcanized fibre for electrical
purposes” (IEC 60667 -1, -2, -3), has been publishedwith the contribution of the project leader from JP. It isremarkable that JP experts have contributed to therevision of such standards which are old material, butdeal with environmentally friendly electrical insulating
material.

Table 1. Working Groups and Maintenance Teamsin TC 15
Working Groups in active
WG
No
5

6
7

Title

Number of
JP expert

Flexible insulating sleeving
for electrical purposes
Rigid fibrous reinforced
laminates for electrical
purposes

1
0
1

Resins and varnishes

Maintenance Teams in active
MT
No
3
10
11
14
15
16

Title

Number of
JP expert

Plastic films
Combined flexible materials
Mica products
Pressboard and related material
Cellulosic paper products
Miscellaneous

2
2
0
1
1
2

15

Table 2 .Working Projects Setting up in TC15
Project
Reference(2020.11.01)
Current
Stage

IEC 60455-2 ED4Resin based reactive compounds used for electrical insulation - Part 2:
Methods of test
IEC 60455-3-8 ED2Resin based reactive compounds used for electrical insulation - Part 3 Sheet 8: Resins for cable accessories
IEC 60674-3-1 ED2Plastic films for electrical purposes - Part 3: Sheet 1: Biaxially oriented
polypropylene (PP) film for capacitors
IEC 60674-3-4 ED2Specification for plastic films for electrical purposes - Part 3: Sheets 4
to 6: Requirements for polyimide films used for electrical insulation
IEC 60684-2 ED4

Flexible insulating sleeving - Part 2: Methods of test
IEC 60684-3-281 ED2

Flexible insulating sleeving - Part 3: Sheet 281: Heat-shrinkable,
polyolefin sleeving, semiconductive
IEC 60684-3-282 ED2Flexible insulating sleeving - Part 3: Sheet 282: Heat-shrinkable,
polyolefin sleeving - Stress control
IEC 60763-2/AMD1 ED2

Amendment 1: Specification for laminated pressboard - Part 2:
Methods of test
IEC 60893-2 ED3Insulating materials - Industrial rigid laminated sheets based onthermosetting resins for electrical purposes - Part 2: Methods of test

preparation of CC
2020-02
approved for FDIS
2019-08

Project
LeaderGunther
Baumgarten(DE)
Gunther
Baumgarten(DE)

Approved for Pub.
2020-07

Yoshitaka Hoseki(JP)

Approved for CDV
2020-09

Yoshiaki Yamano(JP)

Approved for CDV
2020-08

Paul Sheridan(GB)

Approved for CDV
2020-06

Paul Sheridan(GB)

Approved for CDV
2020-06

Paul Sheridan(
GB)

Approved for CDV
2018-10

Lars Dreier(CH)

Approved for CDV
2019-06

Alan Johnson(US)

IEC TC 112 Japanese National Committee
Chairperson:
Secretary:
Associate Secretary:

Hiroya Homma (CRIEPI*)
Takashi Kurihara (CRIEPI*)
Kenichi Yamazaki (Toshiba)*CRIEPI: Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry

IEC TC 112 deals with many international standards
and specifications on “Evaluation and qualification ofelectrical insulating materials and systems”. TC 112
was established in 2005 based on the part of TC 15 andTC 98. TC 98 and the related sub-group in TC 15 were
disbanded to the establishment of new technicalcommittee. TC 112 Japanese National Committee(JNC) was also established in 2005 to correspond to
the activities in TC 112 and to concern with related
Japanese standards.
TC 112 involves eight working groups (WG) anddealing with more than 50 standards. TC 112 JNC
includes eight corresponding WGs and one more WG
that relates with the Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS).
The WG structure of TC 112 JNC is shown in Table 1.
24 JNC experts are registered to the eight international
WGs and the convener of WG8 is now taken by Prof.
Yasuhiro Tanaka. In this reason, Japanese members arevery active in this standard region.

16

WG
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Table 1. WG structure of TC 112 JNC.
Subject
Thermal endurance
Radiation
Electrical strength
Dielectric/resistive properties
Tracking
General methods of evaluation of electricalinsulation
Statistics
Various material properties
Japanese Industrial Standards (JNC only)

From September 24 to October 2, 2020, IEC TC 112
Meeting was held via Zoom and meetings of WGs
were held during the weeks. 12 experts and 1 guest
from JNC remotely participated in the TC 112 virtual
meetings including the Plenary, Advisory group and
WGs meetings.

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

The next meetings of TC112 will be held in Kista,
Sweden from October 25 to 29, 2021.
Recent standards discussed in TC112 are partly
listed:A. WG1
 IEC 60216-3: Electrical insulating materials Thermal endurance properties - Part 3:
Instructions for calculating thermal endurance
characteristics.
 IEC 60216-5: Electrical insulating materials Thermal endurance properties - Part 5:
Determination of relative thermal endurance
index (RTE) of an insulating material.
 IEC 60216-6: Electrical insulating materials Thermal endurance properties - Part 6:
Determination of thermal endurance indices (TI
and RTE) of an insulating material using the fixed
time frame method.
 IEC/TR 60216-7-2: Electrical insulating materials- Thermal endurance properties - Part 7-2: Resultsof the round robin tests to validate procedures of
IEC TS 60216-7-1 by non-isothermal kinetic
analysis of thermogravimetric data (PL: Jun
Haruhara).
B. WG2
 IEC 60544-5: Electrical insulating materials Determination of the effects of ionizing radiation- Part 5: Procedures for assessment of ageing inservice.
C. WG3
 IEC/TS 61934: Electrical insulating materials andsystems - Electrical measurement of partial
discharges (PD) under short rise time andrepetitive voltage impulses.
D. WG4
 IEC 62631-2-2: Dielectric and resistive properties
of solid insulating materials - Part 2-2: Relative
permittivity and dielectric dissipation factor –High frequencies (1 MHz to 300 MHz) - AC
Methods (PL: Yoshiaki Yamano) IEC 62631-3-1: Dielectric and resistive properties
of solid insulating materials Part 3-1:
Determination of resistive properties (DCmethods) – Volume resistance and volume
resistivity, general method (PL: Jun Haruhara).
 IEC 62631-3-2: Dielectric and resistive properties
of solid insulating materials Part 3-2: Determination ofresistive properties (DC methods) – Volume resistanceand volume resistivity, Surface resistance and surface
resistivity (PL: Jun Haruhara).
E. WG5
 IEC 60112: Method for the determination of theproof and the comparative tracking indices ofsolid insulating materials.
 IEC 60587: Electrical insulating materials used
EINA No.27 (December 2020)

INTERNATIONALINTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICALELECTROTECHNICALCOMMISSIONCOMMISSION

IEC
IECTC
TC112
112 Report
Reportof
ofthe
theSecretary
Secretary

Bernd Kom anschek
Bernd Kom anschek
Zoom plenary meeting
Zoom plenary meeting
2 October 2020
2 October 2020

Fig. 1. A screen shot of IEC TC 112 Virtual Plenary
Meeting.

under severe ambient conditions - Test methods
for evaluating resistance to tracking and erosion.
IEC/TR 62039: Selection guide for polymericmaterials for outdoor use under HV stress.

F. WG6
 IEC 61857-33: Electrical insulation systems Procedures for thermal evaluation - Multifactor
evaluation with increased factors at elevatedtemperature.
 IEC 61857-41: Electrical insulation systems Procedures for thermal evaluation - Part 41:
Specific requirements for electrical insulation
systems for use in dry-type high-voltage
transformers with operating voltages of 1kV andabove.
 IEC 61857-42: Electrical insulation systems Procedures for thermal evaluation - Part 42:
Specific requirements for evaluation of anelectrical insulation system (EIS) used for roadtransportation applications
 IEC/TR 61858-3: Electrical insulation systems Thermal evaluation of modifications to an
established electrical insulation system (EIS) Part 3: Clarification of major and minor
components.
 IEC 63177: Test method for compatibility of
construction materials with electrical insulating
liquids.
G. WG7
 IEC/TR 60493-2: Guide for the statistical analysis
of aging test data - Part 2: Validation ofprocedures for statistical analysis of censorednormally distributed data.
H. WG8
 IEC/TS 62836: Measurement of internal electricfield in insulating materials - Pressure wave
propagation method.

17

CIGRE SC D1 Japanese National Committee(Materials and Emerging Test Techniques)
Chairperson:
Secretary:
Secretary:

Tsuguhiro Takahashi (CRIEPI*)
Toshiaki Rokunohe (Hitachi, Ltd.)
Akiko Kumada (The University of Tokyo)*CRIEPI: Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry

CIGRE (International Council on Large Electric
Systems) has 16 Study Committees (SC) belonging toeach of following four categories: A (Equipment), B(Subsystems), C (Systems) and D (Horizontal). Amongthem, our SC D1 has a horizontal character andcontributes to other CIGRE SC’s. The activity of
CIGRE SC’s is principally research oriented one.
SC D1 has now following 6 Advisory Groups (AG):Strategic and Customer AG, Tutorial AG, AG D1.01(Insulating Liquids), AG D1.02 (High Voltage Testingand Diagnostic), AG D1.03 (Insulating Solids) and AG
D1.03 (Insulating gases and mixtures SC). D1 consistsof these AGs and following 26 WGs.
A. Liquids
WG D1.65 (Mechanical properties of insulating
materials and insulated conductors for oil immersed
power transformers), JWG A2/D1.51 (Improvement topartial discharge measurements for factory and site
acceptance tests of power transformers), WG D1.68(Natural and synthetic esters-Evaluation of
performance under fire and the impact onenvironment), WG D1.70 (Functional Properties ofmodern insulating liquids for transformers), JWG
D1/A2.77 (Liquid Tests for Electrical Equipment andsimilar electrical equipment) and JWG B1/D1.75(Interaction between cable and accessory materials in
HVAC and HVDC applications)
B. Testing & Diagnosis
WG D1.50 (Atmospheric and altitude correction
factors for air gaps and clean insulators), WG D1.54(Basic principles and practical methods to measure theAC and DC resistance of conductors of power cables
and overhead lines), WG D1.60 (Traceable
measurement techniques for very fast transients), WG
D1.61 (Optical corona detection and measurement),
WG D1.63 (Partial discharge detection under DC
voltage stress), WG D1.69 (Guidelines for test
techniquesofHigh
Temperature
Superconducting(HTS) systems), JWG B1/B3/D1.79(Recommendations for dielectric testing of HVDC gas
insulated system cable sealing ends), WG D1.72 (Testof material resistance against surface arcing under DC)
and WG D1.74 (PD measurement on insulation
systems stressed from HV power electronics)
C. Gases18

JWG D1/B3.57 (Dielectric testing of gas-insulated
HVDC systems), WG D1.66 (Requirements for partial
discharge monitoring systems for gas insulated
systems) and WG D1.67 (Dielectric performance of
new non-SF6 gases and gas mixtures for gas-insulated
systems)
D. Solids
JWG D1/B1.49 (Harmonized test for themeasurement of residual inflammable gases), WG
D1.56 (Field grading in electrical insulation systems),
WG D1.58 (Evaluation of dynamic hydrophobicity ofpolymer insulating materials under AC and DC voltage
stress), WG D1.59 (Methods for dielectriccharacterization of polymeric insulating materials foroutdoor applications), WG D1.62 (Surface degradationof polymeric insulating materials for outdoor
applications), WG D1.64 (Electrical insulation systems
atcryogenic
temperatures),
WG
D1.73(Nanostructured dielectrics: Multi-functionality at theservice of the electric power industry) and JWG
D1/B1.75 (Strategies and tools for corrosion
prevention for cable systems).
The draft preferential subjects for the 2022 SC D1Paris group meeting are,
 PS1: Testing, Monitoring and Diagnostics(Testing and experience with non-standardized,
composite and combined voltages / PDmeasurement under DC, rectifier and impulse
stress / Requirements of systems for testing,monitoring and diagnostics)
 PS2: Materials for electrotechnical purposes(Ageing under electrical, mechanical & thermal
stress (e.g. power electronics and semiconductors,
load cycling, higher temperatures, compact
applications, corrosion and radiation ageing, etc.)/ Functional properties of insulation materials &testing for validation / Materials for battery andcharging devices) PS3:
Simulation
tools
partneredwithmeasurement techniques (Application anddevelopment of new multiphysical simulation
methods / Digital twin for insulation components
and insulation systems / Physical models andsensors).
The next regular meeting and group discussion
EINA No.27 (December 2020)

meeting of SC D1 will be scheduled during 2021
Centennial Session in Paris, France in August. The
Japanese National SC D1 will hold 2 or 3 meetings for

its preparation.

Developing Networks for Young Researchers inFundamentals and Materials Society in IEEJ
Chairperson:

Yusuke Nakano (Kanazawa University)

Introduction
For the further activation of the field in discharges,
electrical insulation and its materials
in theFundamentals and Materials Society (FMS) in IEEJ, it
is important to foster young leaders who will lead thenext generation and to build a young researcher
network. In Oct. 2019, we have newly established thecommittee consisting of young researchers (one fromthe university and three from the industry), which
provides the opportunity to meet other researchers anddiscuss common issues and interests. This article
introduces the purpose, past activities and future plansof the committee.
Objective
The formation of networks among young
researchers would be important for promoting
cross-disciplinary research activities and enhancing
research collaboration between industry, academia andpublic institutions in future activity.
Behind the establishment of this committee is theweakening of student exchanges at academic societies.
In the previous situation, academic conferences/
symposia are almost the only chance for students tomake connections to researchers in industry.
Unfortunately, many students see the conference only
as a place for research presentations and do notunderstand that it is a valuable opportunity as
mentioned above. To make matters worse, even thoseopportunities have been lost because of COVID-19, in
2020.
This committee proposes exchange events for young
researchers to create a network of young researchers
through research activities.
Activities
On September 1st – 3rd 2020, annual conference of
FMS was held online. On the first day, the committee
had a session of a young exchange event. Fig. 1 shows
the number of participants, including committee
members. The number was quite small compared to
the number of participants in the conference, but this isbecause the online event could not fully be known inadvance. According to the questionnaire, many of theparticipants expected to increase their acquaintances inthe same field, as shown in figure 2, which is largely
consistent with our objective. At the online event,
EINA No.27 (December 2020)

participants were divided into four groups (3-5persons/group) and they talked on several themes
prepared. Since the social gathering was not originallyplanned, it is presumed that the participants could havethe opportunity to talk with other affiliations.
For further network construction and expansion ofactivities in the committee, such online exchange
meetings have regularly been held about once a monthfrom after the conference.
FutureFrom the questionnaire results, students and young
researchers also want to form networks. The
committee activities have just begun, and in the future,in addition to disseminating activities related to young
researchers, we aim to build a network of young
researchers that transcends the boundaries of fields andacademic societies.

Committee
4Student
10Society4

Fig. 1. The number of participants in online event inannual meeting of FMS.
(Multiple answer allowed)

Job hunting
relatedInterests ofother lab.
Increaseacquaintances
Talk withsociety
0

2

4

6

8

10

Fig.2. Questionnaire for expectations of participation

19

RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AND TECHNICALEXCHANGES IN ASIAN COUNTRIES

Conference Records
2020 IEEE International Conference on
High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE 2020)
The
2020
IEEE
International Conference on
High Voltage Engineering andApplication (ICHVE 2020)
was held on September 7-10,
2020, organized by Tsinghua
University, Beijing China andendorsed by IEEE Dielectrics
and Electrical Insulation
Society.
Due to the impact of theCovid-19, this conference was held online for the firsttime. However, it was by far the largest international
conference on High Voltage Engineering. The
conference received 1132 abstracts. Although due tothe impact of the epidemic, some research work was
difficult to complete, 730 full texts were received, and695 papers were finally accepted by the conference.
The presentations are form 20 countries. There were
52 oral sessions and 13 open forums. The conference
also had 3 keynote speeches and 23 invited speeches.
More than 5,000 experts, scholars, and graduate
students from all over the world participated in theconference through online platforms Zoom, Weibo andBilibili.

The topics in ICHVE 2020 include electromagnetic
fields; transients, grounding systems, and EMC;
sensing, monitoring and diagnostics; high voltage
testing and measurement; aging, space charge, andmaintenance; advanced materials and insulation
systems; high voltage systems and smart technologies;
HVDC technologies and applications; industrial
applications of high voltage. Figure 1 is the proportionof papers on each topic.
The winners of the 2020 IEEE Sun Caixin-StanGezbosky Award were announced at the conference.
Professor Xingliang Jiang from Chongqing University,
the winner of the Lifetime Achievement Award, and Dr.
Chuanyang Li from the University of Connecticut, thewinner of Young-Professional Achievement Award,
gave lectures respectively. The conference also
selected 10 best student papers.
The 8th International Conference on High Voltage
Engineering and Application (ICHVE 2022) will beheld in Cape Town, South Africa in 2022.
Bo ZHANG, Ph.D., Professor
Dept. Electrical Engineering
Tsinghua University

Fig. 1. Proportion of papers on the topics
20

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials(ISEIM2020)
The 9th International Symposium on ElectricalInsulating Materials (ISEIM2020) was held from
September 13 to 25, 2020. ISEIM2020 was scheduled
to be held in Waseda University, Tokyo, after the
Olympic and Paralympic Games Tokyo 2020.
However, owing to COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic,
the organizing committee of ISEIM2020 decided torefrain from holding the symposium in Waseda
University, but to hold ISEIM2020 as a web
symposium. Even in the web symposium, ISEIM2020
was quite successful with 210 participants from 19
countries and 168 presentations including Workshop
and digest reports, as shown in Table 1. Though thesocial events such as technical tours and banquet werecancelled, all participants would have fruitful time forpresentation, discussion and information exchange onelectrical insulating materials, in the similar level as
the past ISEIMs (1st: Tokyo in 1995, 2nd: Toyohashi
in 1998, 3rd: Himeji in 2001, 4th: Kitakyushu in 2005,
5th: Yokkaichi in 2008, 6th: Kyoto in 2011, 7th:
Niigata in 2014 and 8th: Toyohashi in 2017).
ISEIM
coversthetechnical
fieldsofnanotechnology, material aging, inverter surge issues,and several other fundamental material research topics.
ISEIM2020 accepted 250 abstracts, as of February 10,
2020, as shown in Table 2, which is the larger number
than 201 papers presented at ISEIM2017. However,
154 papers from 16 countries were finally submitted to
ISEIM2020, which might be because many researchers
could not continue their experiments and/or
simulations for their papers due to COVID-19.
ISEIM2020 as the web symposium was organizedwith the real-time events on Zoom and the on-demand
events on Microsoft Teams.
A. Real-time Events
The following 4 real-time events were organized (alltimes are listed in Japan Standard Time (JST)):(1) Inuishi Memorial Lecture(September 14, 20:00-21:10)(2) Workshop on Space Charge Measurement Using
the PEA method(September 15, 19:00-21:40, 6 presentations)(3) Special Planned Session on Organic Electronics
and Bioelectronics for Innovative Devices(September 16, 20:00-21:30, 5 papers)(4) Plenary Lecture(September 17, 20:00-21:10)
Each real-time event was scheduled everyday in thelate evening of Asia, which is in the afternoon ofEurope and in the morning of USA, in consideration of
the international time difference.
The Inuishi Memorial lecture was given by Prof. L.
A. Dissado (Fig. 1) at University of Leicester, UK,with the tile “The Role of Theory in Understanding
EINA No.27 (December 2020)

Table 1. Country-wise distribution of participants(210 persons from 19 countries)

Table 2. Country-wise distribution of papers(154 papers from 16 countries)
Country

Abstract
submission

Final paper
submission

Japan
China
India
Korea, Republic ofIndonesia
Italy
Germany
Malaysia
Egypt
FranceThailandThe Netherlands
Switzerland
Spain
GreeceAustralia
SwedenAlgeria
UK

87
71
17
13
11
9
8
8
5
4
4
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
1

73
35
12
4
6
5
2
3
3
1
4
0
1
2
1
0
0
1
1

Space Charge Distributions”. As shown in Fig. 2, 95
participants attended his lecture on Zoom. After thelecture, Prof. Dissado addressed his poetic message tothe participants, as follows:“Science is a human endeavour to discover testable
truth. It knows no boundaries, all can contribute
their piece to the beautiful mosaic of humanknowledge. Sometimes a piece may not seem to fit.
Maybe it can be reconciled to give a deeper
understanding, but maybe two pieces are
irreconcilable. We must test and reject the wrong
piece. Only that way can we progress. There is no
shame in being wrong as long as the view ishonestly held. Even the greatest human minds havebeen wrong sometimes. It should always beremembered that the wrong piece stimulates further
advance. I am proud to be part of this communityand look forward to the new insights that you willbring forth in your future work.”
21

Fig. 1. Prof. L. A. Dissado as the Inuishi Memorial
Lecturer

Fig. 4. Lectures at the Workshop

Fig. 2. Group photo after Inuishi Memorial
Lecture (95 persons)Fig. 3. Prof. Suwarno as the Plenary Lecturer
The Plenary Lecture entitled “Effects of Thermal
Aging on Characteristics of Kraft Paper in Various
Liquid Insulating Materials” was given by Prof.
Suwarno (Fig. 3) at the Institut Teknologi Bandung,Indonesia. Figs. 4 and 5 show the lecturers and the
textbook at the Workshop. The textbook is an IEEJ
technical report No. 1491, which is written in English
and has been published in August, 2020, just before
ISEIM2020.
Each real-time event was electronically recorded
and released on Microsoft Teams until the end of
symposium on September 25. Live discussions were
accepted after each presentation. Additional questions
after the presentation were also accepted by QA sheets
linked on Microsoft Teams and answered afterward by
the presenters until September 25.

22

Fig. 5. Technical report in English No. 1491 as the
textbook of the Workshop
B. On-demand Events
In the on-demand events, the presenters haveuploaded their presentation files with voice and/or
movies in pptx or ppsx format to the Microsoft Teams
platform prior to the symposium. The participants
could enjoy each presentation and give their questions
to the presenters by QA sheets on Microsoft Teams.
The presenters were required to respond to thequestions on the QA sheets. The session chairs
coordinated the discussions on the Microsoft Teams.
The discussion was made until the end of symposium
on September 25.
The following 5 on- demand events were organized:(1) Special Planned Sessions (3 sessions, 20 papers)
EINA No.27 (December 2020)

Special Sessions were planned on the recent topics
by 4 coordinators, one of which was arranged as thereal-time event above and the other 3 sessions wereorganized as the on-demand sessions as follows:(a) Emerging Technolo- gies for Next Gene- ration
Electrical Insu- lating Material and Its
Application (8 papers)(b) Asset Management and Diagnosis for ElectricPower Equ- ipment (6 papers)(c) Innovative Functional Insulating Materials
Development for Advanced Electric Power
Apparatus – A Progressive Japanese Project (6papers)(2) Normal Sessions (7 sessions: A to G, 35 papers)
In the Normal Sessions, the pptx or ppsx
presentations within 20 minutes were organized in thefollowing 7 sessions:(A) Space Charge Measurement and Simulation(5 papers)(B) Space Charge on Dielectric Interface andSimulation (5 papers)(C) Application of Current Integrated Charge
Method (5 papers)(D) Degradation Mechanism and Its Diagnostic
Technologies I (3 papers)

Table 3. Young presentation awardees in MVP session (16 persons)

EINA No.27 (December 2020)23

(E) Degradation Mechanism and Its Diagnostic
Technologies II (4 papers)(F) Electrical Properties and Application ofDielectrics and Bio-dielectrics (7 papers)(G) Nanotechnology
and
Power
ModuleApplication (6 papers)
The Korea-Japan Young Researcher Exchange
Program Award has been established since ISEIM2014
to enhance a friendship between Japanese and Korean
Societies in the technical field of electrical insulating
materials. In 2020, Mr. Yeong-Guk An of Hoseo
University, Korea, was selected as the award winner in
Korea and invited to the Normal Session (B) in
ISEIM2020.
(3) MVP (Mutual Visiting type Presentation) Sessions(12 sessions: VA to VL, 84 papers)
MVP Sessions for students and young researchers
are one of the peculiar sessions to ISEIM andorganized also in the web symposium. Presenters are
required not only to upload their presentations files
and answer the others’ questions on the QA sheets, butalso to give their questions to the other presenters intheir session or group. This encourages the young
researchers in the discussion with the others, which is
the reason why this session is named as “Mutual
Visiting type Presentation” session. The presentersevaluate and vote the good presentation in their session
each other. The excellent 16 presenters in thefollowing 12 MVP sessions are awarded as listed inTable 3:
(VA) Space Charge Behavior and Measurement I(7 papers)(VB) Space Charge Behavior and Measurement II(7 papers)(VC) Space Charge Behavior and Measurement III(7 papers)(VD) Liquid Dielectrics and Their Application (8papers)(VE) Nanocomposites I (7 papers)(VF) Nanocomposites II (8 papers)(VG) Bio and Organic Dielectrics (6 papers)(VH) Power Module Application (5 papers)(VI) Dielectric Phenomena on Dielectric Surface
and Outdoor Insulation (6 papers)(VJ) Partial Discharge, Degradation Mechanismand Diagnostic Technologies I (8 papers)(VK) Partial Discharge, Degradation Mechanismand Diagnostic Technologies II (7 papers)(VL) Partial Discharge, Degradation Mechanismand Diagnostic Technologies III (8 papers)
Mr. Takahiro Mihara of Ehime University, Japan, in
the MVP Session (VC) was selected as the winner ofthe Korea-Japan Young Researcher Exchange ProgramAward in Japan. He was also invited to the Korean
conference on November 5 to 6, 2020.

24(4) SS (Sun-Shine) Session (1 session, 8 papers)
SS Session is another feature of ISEIM to promote
the close relation between industries and academia,
where industries can exhibit their technologies with thesamples, demonstrations and actual products. In
ISEIM2020, e.g. mica/epoxy nano-composite, polymer
insulators for inverter-fed motors, transformers andtheir monitoring/diagnosis system of partial discharge
and ageing were introduced.
(5) Digest Reports (8 presentations)
The following 8 digest reports were presented to
introduce the latest research activities on hot topics inJapanese investigation committees on dielectrics andelectrical insulation:(DR-1) Insulation Diagnosis Technologies forElectric Power Apparatus and Equipment
Using New and Practicable Insulation
Materials(DR-2) Advancing
Tailor-madeComposite
Insulation Materials and Their Applications(DR-3) Information for Asset Management ofElectric Power Apparatus Based on
Insulation Deterioration(DR-4) Electrical Insulation Reliability of Power
Modules(DR-5) ApplicationofQuantum
ChemicalCalculations in the Field of Electrical andElectronic Insulation Materials(DR-6) Standardization of Calibration an Advanced
Measurements
for
Space
ChargeDistribution at High Temperature using
Pulsed Electro-acoustic Method(DR-7) Advanced Nanomaterials and Nanostructure
Control for Innovative Organic Devices andLife Science(DR-8) EINA Magazine Publication
C. Administration of Web Symposium
On May 8, 2020, the organizing committee
discussed and decided to hold ISEIM2020 as the web
symposium. Since then, the hard work in theorganizing committee of ISEIM2020 has been
accelerated toward the web symposium on its technicaland financial issues.
In order to facilitate the international web
symposium as much as possible, the organizing
committee prepared ISEIM2020 in the hybrid style ofboth real-time and on-demand events. As for the web
system, we contracted 10 licenses of Zoom for 1
month and 5 licenses of Microsoft Teams for 3 months.
The web system was constructed, tested and modified
many times with the cooperation of domestic andinternational colleagues.
The paper submission, review process, presentationstyle and publication requirement were also discussed.
The presentation and discussion style was described in
the previous sections of the real-time and on-demand

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

events. The papers which satisfy the following 3
requirements will be published on the IEEE Xplore
after ISEIM2020:(1) Submission of final full paper after review(2) Submission of presentation electronic file(3) Payment of registration fee
As for the registration fees, the early bird fees of
ISEIM2020 were originally set at 40,000 JPY(Japanese Yen) for members of IEEJ, IEEE, CIGRE,
CES, or KIEEME, 50,000 JPY for non-members and20,000 JPY for students. However, the registration feeof ISEIM2020 as the web symposium was reduced to
8,000 JPY and 5,000 JPY for students. The Workshop
ticket was additional 2,500 JPY. The printed
proceedings booklet was not published and theparticipants could download the proceedings data fromthe web system.
Unfortunately, in the web symposium of ISEIM2020,
the face-to-face discussion and information exchange
at Waseda University was cancelled. The banquet at
RIHGA Royal Hotel Tokyo adjacent to Waseda
University was cancelled, too. The technical tour was
also cancelled, although it was already prepared tovisit the following 4 courses:(1) TEPCO Electric Power Historical Museum(2) Takanawa 275 kV underground substation
located under Koyasan Tokyo Betsuin Temple(3) Toshiba Science Museum

EINA No.27 (December 2020)(4) Kagami Memorial Laboratory for Materials
Science and Technology in Waseda University
ISEIM2020 was hosted by IEEJ TechnicalCommittee on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.
Also, ISEIM2020 was technically co-sponsored byIEEE Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society(DEIS) and IEEE DEIS Japan Chapter, co-sponsoredby Kagami Memorial Laboratory for Materials Scienceand Technology in Waseda University, supported by
JSPS KAKENHI (Grant No. JP20HP0303) and SCAT
(Support Center for Advanced Telecommunications
Technology Research, Foundation). We appreciate
their great cooperation and supports.
As the General Chair of ISEIM2020 organizing
committee, I express my sincere thanks to allcommittee members for their great effort to realize thisweb symposium under the COVID-19 coronavirus
pandemic. I believe that all participants and theiraccompanying families will come to Japan from allover the world and have a pleasant stay in Japan at thenext 10th anniversary ISEIM to be held as the ordinary
face-to-face symposium in 2023!
Prof. Naoki Hayakawa
Nagoya University, Nagoya Japan
General Chair
ISEIM2020 Organizing Committe

25

International Conference to be held in Asia
ICPADM 2021 (International Conference
on the Properties and Applications ofDielectric Materials)

ISH 2021 (22nd International Symposium
on High Voltage Engineering)Dates: July 11-15, 2021
Venue: Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Organized by: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Sponsored by: IEEE Dielectrics and ElectricalInsulation Society
Theme:
Emerging
Dielectrics
forEnergySustainability
URL: attend.ieee.org/icpadm-2021/

Dates:
Location:
Venue:
Official Language:
Official Website:

The International Conference on the Properties
and Application of Dielectric Materials (ICPADM) is aconference combining research and application
practice in dielectrics covering, but not limited to, thefollowing areas:• Aging and life expectancy of HV insulation,• Bio-dielectrics,• Conduction and breakdown in dielectrics,• Dielectric materials for electronics and photonics,• Dielectric phenomena and applications,• Dielectrics for superconducting applications,• Eco-friendly dielectric materials,• Electrical insulation in high voltage power
equipment and cables,• Electrical and water tree development and surface
tracking,• Emerging dielectric materials,• Gaseous electrical breakdown and discharges,• High voltage insulation design using computational
analysis,• HVDC Insulation systems,• Monitoring and diagnostic methods for electricalinsulation degradation,• Nano-technology and nano-dielectrics,• New diagnostic applications for dielectrics,• New functional dielectrics for electrical systems,• Partial discharges,• Space charge and its effects,• Surface and interfacial phenomena.
Important Dates:
Submission of abstract:
Sep. 15, 2020
Acceptance notification of abstract: Nov. 15, 2020
Submission of full paper:Jan. 15, 2021
Acceptance notification of Paper: Mar. 15, 2021

September 19 – 23, 2021
Xi'an,Shaanxi China
Paradise Resort Hotel, Xi'an
Englishhttps://www.ish2021.org/

The scope of ISH 2021 includes:• Electromagnetic fields: computation, measurements,
environmental effects.
• Transient voltages: lightning, switching, repetitive
impulses, surge arresters, insulation coordination,
over-voltage protection, EMC.
• High voltage and high current testing techniques:
test procedures, measurements, evaluation, partial
discharges, space charges, dielectric characteristics,
emerging test techniques.
• Advanced materials and insulation systems: outdoor,
indoor, solid, liquid and gas insulated,
nanodielectric, eco-friendly and other new materials,
novel insulation system.
• Monitoring and diagnostics: intelligent sensing, bigdata, artificial intelligence, asset management,
live-line working, maintenance and repair, safety
considerations.
• HVDC technologies and systems: design problems,
testing and measuring techniques, advanced HVDC
systems.
• High voltage engineering problems in future power
grids: distribution generations, smartening of power
networks, and integration of renewable energies.
• Industrial applications of high voltage: non-energy
applications in different fields.
• Other related issues.
Important Dates:
Submission of abstract:
Acceptance notification of abstract:
Submission of full paper:
Acceptance notification of Paper:

Feb. 5, 2021
Mar. 5 2021
May 5, 2021
June 5, 2021

General Chair: Li, Shengtao, Xi'an Jiaotong
University, China
General Secretary: Min, Daomin, Xi'an Jiaotong
University, China
Email: ish2021@xjtu.edu.cn

ICPADM 2021 Secretariat:
Prof. Dr. Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek
Institute of High Voltage and High Current
School of Electrical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
E-mail: icpadm2021@gmail.com
26

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

China Corner
China-Developed Insulating Materials Used in ±500 kV XLPE
Cable and Accessories: State of the art
1. Overall
Recently, the ±500 kV
cross-linked polyethylene(XLPE) direct current (DC)
cable
and
accessories
developedbyChina,
including ±500 kV XLPE
DC submarine cable, ±535
kV XLPE DC undergroundcable and ±500 kV flexible
DC cable accessories, as
shown in Fig. 1 [1-3], haveProf. Shengtao Li
successfully passed a series
Xi’an Jiaotong University,of systematic test. Besides,
Xi’an, China
the ±500 kV extra-highvoltage and long-length power transmission XLPE
cable system has also passed the type andpre-identification test. All these achievements are due
to our technological breakthroughs in basic researchand development of insulating materials.
In order to enhance the performance of high-voltage
insulating materials used in high-voltage DC (HVDC)
cable, a series of research and tests have been carriedout on ±500 kV DC submarine cables and undergroundcables. First of all, in order to meet the requirements of±500 kV submarine cable insulation and electric
conductors, various performance parameters of cableneed to be taken into consideration. The insulationeccentricity index of the cable is controlled to about
4%, which is better than the set index of 5%. Therefore,
the cable can be used in an environment with anoperating water depth of 200 meters, a maximum
operating temperature of 70°C and a transmission
capacity of 3 GW (bipolar). Moreover, a kind of
structure with 127 water-blocking heteromorphic
conductors has been designed and its filling coefficientis higher than 0.96. The cross-section area anddiameter of electric conductor is 3000 mm2 and 63.5mm, respectively[4]. At the same time, theChina-developed insulating materials used in ±535 kV

DC underground cable has also made breakthroughachievements. During the process, there are strict
requirements for the test environment of ±535 kV DC
underground cable, for example, the temperature
should be controlled at 5°C to 35°C and the humidity
should be below 75%. Moreover, when the cable iscontinuously applied with high voltage, thetemperature of the cable conductor is allowed tochange within 2°C, and the voltage fluctuates within±3% to meet the operational standards. Meanwhile,testers need to continuously monitor the heating andvoltage stability of the cable during the test, such as
monitoring the withstand voltage performance of thecable at a high DC voltage continuously applied to 990
kV, and using infrared and optical fiber temperature
measurement methods to monitor the heating of thecable in real time. After 140 days of testing, the ±535
kV DC cable with an inner diameter of 70 mm and a
thickness of 25 mm has been produced by using
China-developed insulating materials and has passed
various type tests [2].
As we all know, the cable accessories are the weaklink in cable systems, so the development of advanced
accessories is the key to the HVDC cable systems. The
operating HVDC cable accessories are subjected to the
combined effects of electric field, temperature gradient,mechanical stress. The research of HVDC cable
accessories includes almost all the key technicaldifficulties in DC electric field, such as interface
conductance matching of multi-layer dielectric,
interface charge suppression and electric field
optimization control. In order to meet environmental
requirements, the relevant research and protection
development of ±500 kV cable accessories which ismade from silicon rubber-based materials are carriedout. Compared with the ethylene propylene dienemonomer-based materials, silicon rubber-basedmaterials are more environmentally friendly materials,
while it also increases many difficulties in design
process. On the basis of 220 kV AC and 320 kV DC

Fig. 1. ±500kV XLPE DC cable and accessories [2-4]
EINA No.27 (December 2020)27

cable accessories and other technologies, a lot ofstructural design, simulation analysis and structure
optimization works have been carried out for ±500 kV
cable accessories. Finally, the first ±500 kV siliconrubber-based DC cable accessories are developed [5].
50 % of the cable system failures occur at the cable
joints in regardless of external damage, so, only thedevelopment of the silicon rubber-based cable
accessories is not enough to ensure the safety of cablesystem. Extra-long cables do not need to be equippedwith intermediate connectors or the number ofconnectors will be reduced, which greatly improves
the safety of the high-voltage cable system. Therefore,
it is necessary to develop long-length HVDC cablesystems. The core development technology andprocess control of large cross-section, long-length, andhigh water-blocking of the high-voltage submarine
cable system have been creatively applied to theresearch and development of onshore power cablesystems. Comprehensive technical research has been
carried out in terms of ensuring material cleanliness,long-length extrusion and degassing process, andwrinkled aluminum sleeve structure design to meetproduct requirements. For the first time in the world,the ±500 kV cable with 3000 mm2 large cross-section
has been successfully developed, and passed type andpre-identification test. As shown in Fig. 2, according tocustomer needs, the cable with a length of up to 1350
meters can be manufactured. The ±500 kV voltage
class is the highest one in urban power grid operation,in other words, the level of current cablemanufacturing technology represents the highest levelof technology in cable industry, which has greatsignificance to promote the development of high-end
cable system [6].
2. Development of HVDC cable system
The research and development of HVDC cableproducts and their reliability tests are crucial to
improving the design and manufacturing capabilities
of HVDC cables system. The following describes thedevelopment test and verification test.

2.1 Development test
In order to develop a new type of HVDC cablesystem, the cable design, material selection,
performance evaluation and program optimizationmust be carried out according to all application
requirements. Then the physical, chemical, electricaland mechanical properties of samples with different
scales should be tested and analyzed. Based on above
studies, the final design of the cable system can be
determined and accomplished to conduct test
verification. In the test, the measurement andevaluation of various properties of the material should
try to consider its performance equivalence with thefinal cable system to ensure that the development
process is reasonable and efficient. In the process ofmaterials and cable development, using flat specimens,
cable models and cable prototypes to perform
equivalent analysis of full-scale cable performance isan effective test method, also known as small-scale test
[7].
2.2 Verification test
Type test is a kind of product test, including
non-electrical type test and electrical type test, which
verifies that the cable system has the expected good
performance when the cable materials, manufacturing
process or electrical stress level change substantially.
The objects of type test contain all components of thecable system, such as cable joints and terminals. The
time of 30-day load cycle test set by electrical type test
is too short to reflect the long-term working
performance of the cable system. Therefore, thepre-identification test method has been proposed on
the basis of type test in order to solve this problem.
The pre-qualification test is a kind of finished-cable
test to verify that the cable system has the expected
good long-term performance when the manufacturing
process or electrical stress level of cable materials
change substantially [7]. Main test requirements on
HVDC extruded cable are shown in Table 1.
3. Key scientific issues of HVDC cable development
Currently, in terms of the design of insulatingproduction and reliability of equipment of ±500 kV
XLPE DC cable, the main parameters of cablestructure have not been established in the DC cablespecification, so the design scheme of insulation
thickness is one of the key technologies in this project.
It is essential to acquire more parameters, such as DC
breakdown of thick insulating materials with flake
shape. Besides, the electric field in insulating materials
is difficult to be determined due to the electric fielddistortion caused by space charge and the non-linearchange of its conductance. Additionally, the aging life
index of materials lacks sufficient theoretical andexperimental support in insulation design.

Fig. 2. ±500 kV XLPE cablewith 3000 mm2 section [6]28The operation of HVDC cable withstands DC
voltage and impulse voltage. So, the insulation

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

Table 1 Main test requirements on HVDC extruded cable [8]Test type
Development
test

Test projectSpace charge
Electric conductivity
Mechanical properties
Thermal elongation
properties

Type test

Load-cycling test
Superimposed pulse test
Long-term voltage test

Pre-identification
test
Superimposed pulse test

Test requirements
Distortion rate of electric field < 20%
The minimum tensile strength is 12.5 MPa
The minimum elongation at break is 200%
The maximum elongation at break under stress is 175%
The maximum permanent elongation after cooling is 15%
No breakdown under a load-cycle test with positive andnegative polarity
No breakdown after 10 times of positive and negative polarityof switching combined with pulse voltages, and lightning
impulse with pulse voltages
No breakdown of 100 meters cable under long-term voltage test
and superimposed pulse test with 1.45 times rated voltage for360 days
No breakdown after 10 times of positive and negative polarityof switching combined with pulse voltages and lightning
impulse with pulse voltages

thickness of cable must be calculated and designed
according to DC voltage and impulse voltage, and the
maximum value of them should be taken. The
insulation thickness under DC voltage and impulse
voltage are calculated by Equation (1) - (2) [9].
Vkk kkd dc = 0 1 2 3 4(1)
Edc ,bd
where, ddc is the insulation thickness under DC voltage,
V0 is the rated voltage of the system, k1 is the aging
coefficient, k2 is the temperature coefficient, k3 is thesafety coefficient, k4 is the breakdown strength
conversion coefficient, Edc,bd is the minimum
breakdown strength under DC voltage.
d imp =(V M + kV ) k k k0p

Eimp,bd

1 2 3

(2)

where, dimp is the insulation thickness under impulse
voltage, Vp is the arrester residual voltage, M is thesafety level of arrester, k is the Bahder coefficient,Eimp,bd is the minimum breakdown strength underimpulse voltage.
According to Eqs. (1) - (2), there are many variable
parameters related to insulation thickness of HVDC
cable. Among these, the coefficient of k, k1 and k4 has awide range of changes, which has a great influence on
insulation thickness. The rationality of the design
method has been verified, so, the method can provide
theoretical guidance for insulation thickness designand verification of HVDC cable.
4. Summary
The main scientific issues and application
parameters of ±500 kV XPLE DC cable andaccessories are introduced. Importantly, ±500 kV
XPLE DC cable and accessories have successfully
passed the systematic test, which is a new milestone
for HVDC power transmission, marking that the

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

China-developed insulating materials used in ±500kV
DC cable are ready for operation in China. In the
future, comprehensive and systematic study will be
carried out to accelerate the research, development andapplication of HVDC cables.

Prof. Shengtao Li
Senior member of IEEE,
Xi’an Jiaotong University
Xi’an, China, sli@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
(His photo is on the first page of this article.)
References:[1] https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1620334851
368720616&wfr=spider&for=pc.
[2] http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/202009/03/content_5540
701.htm#1.
[3] https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/KkZ2CQ6gfwlqQcU0t1
bWWA.
[4] http://www.cpnn.com.cn/qiye/guanli/202009/t20200
910_1281131_wap.html.
[5] http://shupeidian.bjx.com.cn/html/20200907/110223
9.html.
[6] https://www.chinaztt.cn/news/show-52175.html.
[7] ZHONG Lisheng, REN Haiyang, CAO Liang, et al.
Development of High Voltage Direct Current
Extruded Cables[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2017,43(11): 3473-3489.
[8] HE Jinliang, DANG Bin, ZHOU Yao, et al.
Reviews on Research Progress and Key Technology
in Extruded Cables for HVDC Transmission[J].
High Voltage Engineering, 2015, 41(5): 1417-1429.
[9] LI Dong, ZHU Zhien, YANG Liming, et al.
Theoretical design and verification of ±535 kV DC
cable insulation thickness[J]. Electric PowerEngineering Technology, 2020, 39(1): 151-15.

29

Korea Corner
A Commercial Implementation of Superconducting Cable
System in Korea
projects have been firmly planned: “Shing al Project
1. Introduction(AC 23kV, 50 MVA)” from July 2019 and “Yeokgok
Superconducting cable is
Project (AC 154kV, 400MVA)” to be launched in Juneconsidered as one of the2020.
state-of-the-art power transIt is likely that superconducting cable system could
mission tools ascribed to its
be an alternative enabling cost reduction even thoughadvantages giving rise to
its overall system cost is higher than conventional cableefficiently
hightranssystem for the following three reasons:mission capability with
 Compact and eco-friendly facilities could relieve thelowervoltageaswell
asDirector, Seungki Park
public reluctance against conventional system.
lower
transmission
loss.
LS Cable & System, Korea
Moreover, other technical Downsizing or minimizing right of way enables toadvantages have been also remarked such as lesssave the civil work cost required for undergroundexternal magnetic field emission and eco-friendly
cable system.
materials. For that reason, more differentiated service
 Increase in urban grid redundancy byrecords have been achieved in comparison with theinterconnecting radial substations by use of
conventional transmission system.
superconducting cables instead of loop networks.
Korea has put enormous efforts to improve the2. Shingal Project:present power grid by use of superconducting cable
The first commercial application throughout thesystem, for which high temperature superconducting
world.
cable systems have been developed for diverse
operating voltage from medium to high voltage.
2.1 Needs and Economic Feasibility
Afterwards, related pilot projects have been initiated for
In order to deliver sufficient electricity to highly
their implementation into the actual grid in order topopulatedurban area such as ‘Shingal area’, twoattain higher efficiency. One of them is “Tri-ad
solutionsareexamined to link between two substations
configuration type” system operating at AC 23 kV for(‘Heungdeok’and ‘Shingal’) located near from eachboth 50 MVA and 120 MVA. Related demonstrations
other.
Oneisanadditional AC 154 kV unground cablehave been completed for 5 years from 2008 to 2013 atlinking
betweenthem together with additional‘Icheon substation’. Furthermore, both the world firststep-downtransformer.
This is our conventional
DC high voltage superconducting cable system and theschemebetweenthem
together with additional
world longest AC high voltage systems have been 2016
step-downtransformer.
Thisis our conventional
demonstrated successfully for two years from 2014 toschemeinevitably
requiringtobuild new substation
demonstrated successfully for two years from 2014 tonear
existing‘Shingal
substation’
where
the transformer
at ‘Superconducting Power Apparatus Center’ in Jeju
hasbeenalready
fully-banked.
The
other
one is a
Island.
superconducting cable system at AC 23kV connecting
Based on these remarkable achievements, Korea
bus bars between them. This is a new scheme by which
made challenging road map for R&D andthe construction of new substation could be possiblycommercialization as described inFig. 1, where superconducting
cable
systemshave
been
employed under both medium andhigh operating voltage in power
grid. In addition, “Munsan Project(AC 23kV, 60MVA)” will be runin actual grid using medium
voltage superconducting cablesystem together with the operationof‘SmartSuperconducting
Switching Platform (Transforming,
Switching & Load supply)’.
Moreover, as the world firstcommercial
attempts,
two Fig. 1 Road map for R&D and commercialization of superconducting cable
superconducting cable system system in Korea
30

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

Fig. 2 Comparative analysis on the economic feasibility
Fig. 4 Design of the installed hybrid type coolingsystemFig. 3 Bird view of site and schematic gridconnection
Table 1. System specification
Item
Unit
Specification
Rated capacity
MVA
50
Rated current/Nominal voltage kArms/kVrms
1.26/23
HTS power cable typeTri-ad configuration
Circuit lengthm
1,056
Cooling powerkW
7.5 kW@69 K
Operation Condition
K, bar.g
66~77K, under 10 bar.g
Mass flow rate of LN2
kg/s
0.4~0.6

avoided to deliver required extra electricity.
According to Eqs. (1) - (2), there are many variable
parameters related to insulation thickness of HVDC
cable. Among these, the coefficient of k, k1 and k4 has awide range of changes, which has a great influence on
insulation thickness. The rationality of the design
method has been verified, so, the method can provide
theoretical guidance for insulation thickness design andverification of HVDC cable.
Considering the benefit of the latter, “Shingal
Project” has been launched utilizing superconducting
cable system since July in 2019 and then relatedcommercial applicability to power grid has been
evaluated. Besides, this project represents significant
implication: not only the world first commercial service
in grid but also the first economic feasibility study.
From the cost benefit viewpoint, a comparative
analysis between above two solutions has been done on
the ‘Project cost’ via NPV (Net Present Value) and theresults are described in Fig. 2. Two remarks could bemade: Superconducting cable solution has cost benefit
as 22%-p and Main cost save is come from avoiding
construction work for additional substation.
2.2 Specification and System Configuration
In this project, a superconducting cable system with
1km length has been installed in conjunction withexisting cable conduit between ‘Heungdeok’ and‘Shingal’ Substation (named as ‘Energy Center’ or E/C
in Korea) as described in Fig. 3 and Table 1. The
EINA No.27 (December 2020)(a) Load current(b) Operating temperature & Pressure

Fig. 5 Operation datasystem consists of two main parts: cable system andhybrid type cryogenic cooling system.
Furthermore, the installed hybrid type coolingsystem is schematically described in Fig.4 of which thespecial design is composed of two parts: Turbo Brayton
refrigeration system requiring 7.5 kW cooling powerfor primary use and Open-loop decompression unit for
backup use. For the former, 1 km cable has employedhigh temperature superconducting tapes together with 2
sets of normal joint and outdoor termination
respectively.
2.3 Operation in grid
After commissioning test, the system has been put
into service at operating since the system has put into
practically commercial service. Operating data are
depicted in Fig. 5.

Director Seungki Park
Energy Cable System Sales Division,
LS Cable & System, Ltd.
psk@lscns.com

31

Indonesia Corner
Experiences in Using Polymeric Insulators in Indonesia
1. Introduction
Indonesia is a tropicalcountry located around theequatorbetween6°
northern latitudes and 11°
southern latitudes and 95°
east longitude and 141°
east
longitude.
This
country is an archipelago
with the largest number ofislands and the longest
coastline in the world [1].
Prof. Suwarno
To electrify of about
Institut Teknologi Bandung,
270 million populations,
Indonesia
the country has developed
electric power network with the highest transmission
voltage of 500 kV. As in the beginning of 2020, theinstalled capacity of electricity power plants is 63 GW
with annual production reached 278,941 GWh of which
about 85,398 GWh came from independent power
plants.
The electricity was generated from various type of
power plants. From the installed capacity of 63 GW, thepercentage of capacity per type of generator is asfollows: Steam power plant (coal) 20,750.50 MW(47.31%), Steam-gas power plant 10,708.76 MW(24.42%), Diesel power plant 3,692.38 MW (8.42%),
Oil-gas power plant 1,336.93 MW (3.05%),
Hydropower plant 3,583.98 MW (8.17%), Gas power
plant 3,188.90 MW (7.27%), Geothermal power plant579.50 MW (1.32%), Solar and wind power plant 15, 62
MW (0.04%). The peak load in 2019 was 41,670.85
MW.
2. Transmission and distribution systems
In order to transmit a huge electric energy fromgenerating plants to the customers, transmission anddistribution systems using low, medium and highvoltages are needed.
Currently, the total length of the transmission network
is 58,959.05 kms, consisting of a 500 kV network of
5,249.52 kms, 275 kV of 3,647.65 kms, 230 kV of 115
kms, 150 kV of 44,563.86 kms, 70 kV of 5,397.06 kms
and 25 & 30 kV over 100.95 kms. The total length ofthe distribution network is 979,855.37 kms, consistingof medium voltage (20 kV) along 401,421.90 kms andlow voltage along 578,433.47 kms. The installedcapacity of the substation transformer is 144,408 MVA.
The number of substation transformers is 2,123 units,
consisting of 75 units of 500 kV system transformers,
37 units of 275 kV systems, 1,748 units of 150 kV
systems, 261 units of 70 kV systems. The number ofelectricity users at the end of 2019 was 75,705,614

32

customers [1].

3. Polymeric Outdoor Insulators
Outdoor insulator is an important component in anelectrical system to isolate the conductor from thegrounding level. The reliability of the trans-mission
system is greatly influenced by the performance of theinsulator. In general, isolator failures account for about
30% of system failures. Especially in Indonesia, manytransmission systems are located in high polluted areas
in coastal areas. Since long time ago ceramic and glass
insulators have been widely used, including in Indonesia.
The insulators are vulnerable to pollution. Due tovarious considerations polymeric insulators are also
used. In a survey, there are a number of reasons forusing polymeric insulators such as good performance inpolluted areas, light weight making it suitable for
up-rating, easy handling and so on. The survey results
are displayed in Fig. 1. The survey results are more orless similar that of reported by CIGRE [3]. Currently,
the polymeric insulators are installed in the transmission
system at operating voltage of 500 kV, 230 kV, 150 kV
and 70 kV with different operating time and reason why
the polymeric insulators were used. The percentage ofthe operating voltage is depicted in Fig. 2.
Example of 70 kV transmission lines with polymericinsulators is shown in Figs. 3 and 4. Polymericinsulators used in Fig. 3 are silicone rubber. The
insulators have been in operation for 30 years in highly
polluted area to replace ceramic insulators. The
application of polymeric insulators has successfully
suppressed the insulator corrosions and flashovers in thelines.

Fig. 1. The reason of using polymeric insulators
instead of ceramic or glass insulator

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

Fig. 2. The percentage of polymeric insulators used inIndonesia according to their operating voltage

Fig. 4 shows silicone polymeric insulators in 150 kV
line. The line was originally operated at 70 kV. Due tothe increase of the load then the line was up rated to
150 kV without changing the towers by replacing
ceramic insulators with polymers. The polymericinsulators have been in operation since 28 years ago.
Fig. 5 shows 150 kV lattice tower with ceramic,
polymeric and glass insulators in the same tower.
The tower is located at coastal area with high salt
pollution. While Fig. 5 shows 230 kV monopole
towers with polymeric insulators operated at highly
polluted area that have performed well for more than
24 years.
In general, the use of polymeric insulators inIndonesia has had a positive impact in reducing
failures, especially in polluted areas. The experiencethat insulators can operate for more than 28 years
shows the promising prospects of using polymericinsulators. Currently the use of polymeric insulators in
the 500 kV network is being tested.

Fig. 3. Long rod type suspension insulator with
operating voltage of 70 kV (30 years operation)
Fig. 5. 150 kV Lattice Tower with ceramic, glass andpolymeric insulators

Fig. 4. Uprated tower from 70 kV to 150 kV using
polymeric insulators (26 years operation)

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

Fig. 6. 230 kV lines with polymericinsulators (24 years in operation)

33

4. Polymeric outdoor insulator condition
monitoring, aging and failures
Fig. 4 shows silicone polymeric insulators in 150 kV
line. The line was originally operated at 70 kV. Due tothe increase of the load then the line was up rated to
150 kV without changing the towers by replacing
ceramic insulators with polymers. The polymericinsulators have been in operation since 28 years ago.
Polymeric insulators are installed in the hope ofsolving the failure problem. During the operation of
the polymeric insulator, condition monitoring iscarried out. Several inspection methods used are: (a)visual inspection from ground or from the tower (b)corona monitoring (c) infra-red thermography and (d)hydrophobicity monitoring. The time interval between
inspection may vary from 6 months to 2 years.
Some aged insulator defects detected are shown in
the following figures. Fig. 7 shows a picture of 70 kV
polymeric insulator taken out from line after 27 years
in operation in volcanic polluted area. Actually theinsulator is still in normal operation (noflashover/failure). However, due to visually observed
defect the insulator was taken out from service. It isclearly seen that there are serious cracks along theinsulator housing. It is expected if the insulator is kept
in operation then the water intrusion into the main roadof the insulator and mechanical failure may take place.
Fig. 8 shows a picture of 150 kV silicon rubberpolymeric insulator with tear on the insulator shed.
The insulator was taken out from the line after 5
years operation in a coastal area with high salt
pollution.
Fig. 9 shows a picture of failed 230 kV insulator
operated at high land with very high rain intensity. It isclearly seen that there are scratches near grading ring.
5. Conclusion
Since the beginning of its operation, the electricalsystem in Indonesia has used ceramic insulators.
With the introduction of polymeric insulators in theworld, Indonesia has started using polymericinsulators since 28 years ago at various voltage
levels ranging from 70 kV, 250 kV, 230 kV and evenup to 500 kV. A number of reasons were discovered
why polymeric insulators were used. So far theexperience with using polymeric insulators shows anumber of advantages in particular reducing
insulator flashover in high polluted areas. With
these conditions, there are good prospects for theuse of polymeric insulators in Indonesia in the
future.
References:[1] https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografi_Indonesia[2] Indonesia Electric Power Company (PT PLN)
sustainability Report 2019[3] CIGRE Working Group 22.03, “Worldwide service

34

Fig. 7. Housing scratch on polymeric insulator
70 kV, 27 years operation, volcanic polluted area.

Fig. 8. 150 kV, coastal area, 5 years, corrosionof end fitting.

Fig. 9. 230 kV Polymeric Insulator with housing
scratch after 16 years operated at high land withhigh rain intensity.
experience with HV composite insulators”, Electra
No. 191, August 2000

Professor Suwarno
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
suwarno@stei.itb.ac.id

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

Recent activities of international students inJapan
Sharing My Experiences and Impressions
During Research in The Midst of COVID-19 PANDEMIC

at Mojiko (middle: Kristiawan, right: Satya)

A. Mr. Kristiawan Agung Satria research activities:
Solid insulation material (epoxy resin) topic was a
new challenge for me. I had to study the chemical
reactions that need to analyze the energy band of
dielectric materials using the Quantum Chemical
Calculation (QCC) software, which was the last time I
studied chemistry in high school, 20 years ago. In the
beginning, everything went well. Some QCC analyses
were performed for several dielectric material models
using GaussView 5.09 software and then considered withthe measured dielectric properties and dielectric
breakdown strength.

Affiliation in Japan: Kyushu Institute of Technology
Nationality: Indonesia
Term: October 2019 – May 2020
Current affiliation: PT PLN(Persero) Indonesia
Let us introduce ourselves. We are an employee of theIndonesian electricity company PT PLN (Persero). We
have completed our scholarship program for a Master’s
Degree in the Department of Electrical Engineering at
the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) for July
2018-June 2020. Furthermore, we took our thesis
research at the Kyushu Institute of Technology (Kyutech),Japan. There are so many stories and memories during
our study. Both for the Master’s study at the ITB and thejoint research program at the Kyutech. However, on thisoccasion, we will try to share experiences and memories
during our thesis research at the Kyutech, Japan.
After completing the lecture materials at the ITB,
Indonesia, in May 2019, we submitted our proposal for a
research thesis at the Electrical Engineering Department
of Kyutech, Japan. Thank God the proposal wasapproved. On October 1, 2019, we arrived in Kitakyushu
city, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, to do a joint research
program between ITB Electrical Engineering andKyutech Electrical Engineering for October 2019-May
2020.
During our research at Kyutech, we got companion
mentors who are also the master student, Mr. Kotaro
Ohzuno, Mr. Yoshiyuki Inoue, Mr. Yatsutomo Kakimoto,and Mr. Tatsuki Jogo. In the first week, our activity wasfor resident registration at the Tobata Ward Office.
The research activities began with a campus andlaboratory tour. Our research advisors, Emeritus Prof.
Masayuki Hikita and Assoc. Prof. Masahiro Kozako,
asked to join all laboratory research on the High Voltage
Engineering Laboratory. In December 2019, it was
decided that the research topics are focused on solid
insulation materials (epoxy resin) and partial discharge
sensors.

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

Epoxy Nanocomposite Preparation

Energy state analysis by QCC

B. Mr. Satya Hari Wibowo research activities:
My research topic was about the partial discharge
sensor, entitled “Partial Discharge Detection Sensitivity
Optimization of Transient Earth Voltage (TEV) Sensor
Using FDTD Modeling.” The sensor structure wasdeveloped and optimized using 3D electromagnetic
simulation software (Magna/TDM Version 8.3), before
the physical sensor was fabricated and tested. The
simulation was performed to observe the electromagnetic
propagation through the metal surfaces and the sensor’s

35

characteristics with several dimensions. The approach ofthis paper will help to make TEV sensor designs morecompact in certain applications in the future.

Partial discharge measurement

Simulation of PD induced electromagnetic wave propagationfor visualization

Since the COVID-19 cases increased significantly in
April 2020, the Japanese government decided to declarethe emergency state of several prefectures in Japan,
including the Fukuoka Prefecture.
Since then, the Kitakyushu city’s local government
decided to close down several public facilities, including
schools and universities. Through that policy, the Kyushu
Institute of Technology was closed until May 7, 2020. It
forced us to stop all research activities, while ourresearch progress is only about 50%. Academic members
were prohibited from entering the campus area, and36

all academic activities were held through online
meetings. Due to this condition, we tried to finish our
research simulation in the dormitory by remote desktop
and compiled a draft thesis report.
However, on May 7, 2020, Japan government declareda new policy. The emergency state extended until theend of May 2020, and the Kyutech decided to close thecampus activities until June 30, 2020. It was a very
complicated situation. We had to finish our research in
May 2020 and present it for our final exam in June 2020.
Due to this condition, Kozako-sensei helped us ask forspecial permission from the campus to do laboratory
measurements. The Dean’s faculty permitted us to enter
the campus three times a week for laboratory
measurements. With this special permit, we could
continue our research while implemented several
protocols for the prevention of COVID-19.
At the end of May 2020, we were completed
our research at Kyutech. After taking care ofseveral documents on campus and Tobata Ward
Office. We safely returned to Indonesia on June15, 2020. Furthermore, we presented our final examon June 20, 2020, while doing self-quarantine as a
COVID-19 health protocol. It was an amazing
experience researching in a pandemic condition.
Finally, the most special experience was to stayfor eight months in Japan, especially in Kitakyushu.
Nice environment, culture, humble and helpful
people. Our special greetings to Emeritus Prof.
Masayuki Hikita and Assoc. Prof. Masahiro Kozako,
and Kyushu Institute of Technology, the electricaland electronics laboratory members. It is an honor
for us to join the research program at the Kyushu
Institute of Technology.

Kristiawan Agung Satria and Satya Hari Wibowo
PT. PLN (Persero),Indonesia

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

IMPACTS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
ON RESEARCH ACTIVITIESCOVID-19 Infection Control at the Society of Fundamentals
and Materials, IEE Japan
During the period close to the end of the term as thechairman of the board of Fundamentals and Materials
Society (FMS) of the Institute of Electrical Engineersof Japan (IEEJ), the rapid spread of COVID-19
infection and the declaration of a state of emergency
by the government made the operation of the society
difficult and had a great impact. The following is asummary of the events during this period.
In January of 2020, there was a growing sense ofurgency due to the increasing number of the
COVID-19 cases overseas and in Japan. During thisperiod, special board meetings were held online to
discuss measures to deal with the ever-changing
situation. As of February 25, we did not uniformly
decide to hold or cancel the various workshops,
lectures, and meetings of the society. The decision wasleft to the organizers, while they were asked to manage
the meeting by the guidelines set by the IEEJ
headquarters when it is held or canceled. At the sametime, the use of teleconferencing within the division
was considered in the Society meetings. The
introduction of specific web conferencing tools was
discussed, and some committees and study groups
decided to try them out.
After the declaration of the state of emergency by
the government on April 7, the head office of the IEEJ
was suspended until the lifting of the declaration,
including the extended period until May 25th. It was
requested to postpone the meetings of the TechnicalCommittee and the Research Committee, or if
necessary, to hold the meetings by e-mail or online. All
the workshop was also canceled during this period.
On February 21, the cancellation of the 2020 IEEJNational Conference (March 11-13, 2020, Tokyo
Denki University) was officially decided by the IEEJ
headquarter. Papers already submitted were publishedon the March 1, and they were considered to have beenpresented. This was an unavoidable decision for the
IEEJ, since other societies, such as the Institute ofElectronics,
Information
andCommunication
Engineers, also decided to cancel the conference due tothe worsening of the infection situation.
At that time, although there were about six months
to go until the Annual Conference of the Society in
September 2020, we needed to decide on a policy by
the time when the call for papers came in June at thelatest. We discussed the feasibility of holding theconference on-site and/or online while watching thesituation until the last minute. We would like to pay
tribute to the local organizing committee for

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

(a)

(b)
Fig. 1. Pictures of the Annual Conference of the FMS
2020 (president: Takanori Yamazaki, Sumitomo
Electric Industries, Ltd.), which was held online from
Sep. 1-3, 2020, (a) The local secretariat office and(b) Prof. Keizo Kato (Niigata University) and Dr.
Kenji Okamoto (Fuji Electric Co., Ltd.), thevice-presidents of the FMS.
successfully hosting the event online (see pictures inFig. 1), which was unprecedented for the Society
under such difficult circumstances.
All board decisions during the above period weremade at online meetings. It was a hectic period for theboard members of the Society as they worked together
to overcome the unprecedented time of the COVID-19
pandemic. I would like to take this opportunity tothank everyone involved for their cooperation.

Hiroyuki Nishikawa
Shibaura Institute of Technology,
Tokyo, Japan(Manuscript was received on 30 Nov., 2020)

37

Education and Research Activities during the COVID-19
Pandemic at Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan
Remote learning (online lessons), begun as acountermeasure against the COVID-19 infection, ischanging the nature of Japanese universities. The
question is whether ICT can be used to improve theefficiency and depth of education. Universities andfaculty are under pressure to transform themselves inorder to be ready for the post-COVID-19 era. Here, as
an example of a university, I would like to introduce
the situation of research and education during the
COVID-19 pandemic at Kyushu Institute ofTechnology, to which I belong.
In March 2020, graduation ceremonies and otherevents that are generally held in person were cancelled
due to the idea of self-distancing and restraint. The
entrance ceremony for the new semester was also
cancelled and following Prime Minister Abe's
declaration of a “State of Emergency” on April 7, theuniversity was closed to students 2 days later on April
9. Classes were cancelled for a month, and during thattime the faculty prepared for remote classes, whichbegan on May 7. The lectures were based on a distancelearning management system called "Moodle", andwere basically conducted via Zoom. The lecturematerials were uploaded beforehand, and the students
attended the lectures while viewing the materials on ashared screen. Attendance collection, reportsubmission, and chat functions were also provided in
Moodle. The instructor decided whether the remote
lecture is synchronous or asynchronous. Students startby determining which type of course they want to take.
Establishing a communication network between theuniversity and students is a top priority, and several
questionnaires were taken to confirm safety,
communication status, and attendance at remote
lectures. Most of the new students who had rented
apartments around the university returned home to liveat their parents' houses to attend the remote lectures.
The following is an example of remote lecture
implementation. All lecture materials are prepared on
PowerPoint and the PDF files are distributed to
students in advance. The lecture materials are sharedon the screen, and the lecture is given using a mousepointer. During the lecture, the students' cameras andmicrophones are turned off, so the lecturer cannot see
them at all. Questions from students are exchanged via
voice or chat. The lecture is recorded and streamedusing Zoom's tools, so that students who could notconnect remotely due to communication problems cantake the lecture asynchronously, which is also usefulfor review. The exam questions are delivered as PDF
files with passwords or shared on the screen, andstudents prepare their answer sheets in advance andsubmit them electronically after the exam by taking
pictures with their smartphones. In order to prevent
cheating, a series of synchronized photographs weretaken. When a spacious classroom was available,
38

Fig. 1. Snapshot in a remote lecture

Fig. 2. Isolation table in the campus cafeteria

face-to-face examinations were conducted. Recently,
more face-to-face classes have been conducted withtemperature checks, disinfection of hands, and a space
between seats. There is an increase in the introductionof the high-flex type, which allows students to takeclasses both face-to-face and remotely by relaying theclasses conducted in the classroom. On the other hand,experiments and practical training are conducted in a
blended format, i.e., an appropriate combination of
face-to-face and remote classes is used each time.
I would like to introduce some of the research
activities in my laboratory. During the period when weare not able to enter the campus, I implemented
content that students can examine at home. That is tosay, research on reference literature, additional
analysis of past experimental data, numerical analysis
simulation (LabVIEW, COMSOL, Ansys, Gaussian,
MAGNA/ TDM, MATLAB, etc.), and writing papers.
A follow-up seminar was held once a week using
Zoom. However, it is quite difficult for my laboratory,
which mainly conducts experiments using equipment,
to conduct such remote activities. So far, we haveparticipated in all domestic and international
conferences virtually. Although we have been able tosave a lot of time and money in traveling to the venue,
we have realized once again that there are things thatcan be gained only through face-to-face meetings.
Currently, we are conducting experiments and
EINA No.27 (December 2020)

meetings on campus while avoiding the three densities.
However, we are working hard with the students toproceed with the experiments as soon as possible
because we are not sure when the ban will come again.
If there is an opportunity, I would like to report on
the progress made after the disaster.

Masahiro Kozako
Kyushu Institute of Technology
Kitakyushu city, Japan(Manuscript was received on 20 December 2020)

Research Activities under the Threats Posed by COVID-19
in the Solid Insulation Sector, CRIEPI Japan
How would you describe the year 2020 in one
word? There is a Japanese publisher that selects anannual buzzword every year, and this year, half of the
30 terms nominated were related to the COVID-19
pandemic. Needless to say, 2020 was a year defined by
the coronavirus outbreak. Our safety and well-being
occupy the top priority in our daily lives more thanever before, and the media frequently uses
catchphrases such as “stay at home” and “practicesocial distancing.” Business services including
research activities also need to operate under suchpolicies and amid many difficulties. Both work andlifestyles have needed to change to fit government
responses to the coronavirus, which have changed at a
dizzying pace. Families with small children or
members in need of nursing care need to maintain theatmosphere of their home while still engaging in theirwork. CRIEPI’s Solid Insulation & Deterioration
Phenomena Sector administers research topics todevelop lifetime evaluation and diagnostic methods for
power apparatus for transmission and distribution
systems. Its main target apparatus are power cables
and transformers, as well as some electric generators.
The section also deals with fundamental research on
measurement and analysis techniques for inspections
and diagnosis. It has achieved its goals in these topics,
running many experimental and testing operations.
However, such conventional working styles cannot
continue amid the coronavirus outbreak, and eachmember of the sector has been searching for their own
new style of research. This article describes thetimeline of the coronavirus situation in Japan and thecurrent situation of daily life from the viewpoint ofresearchers.
At the end of January, the Japanese government
started to provide repatriation services for all Japanesecitizens in Hubei Province. At the beginning of
February, a cruise ship carrying 10 passengers
diagnosed with COVID-19 was approaching the Portof Yokohama, but was refused and quarantined. These
two events caused heightened feelings of tension in
Japan with regard to the outbreak. CRIEPI’s
headquarters prohibited its employees from attendinglarge events and also started to refuse all requests forfacility tours. In March, both domestic andinternational business trips were also prohibited, andworking from home has become the basic style bywhich services are provided. CRIEPI’s Solid Insulation

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

Sector routinely handles apparatus used by electricutilities to evaluate the degree of degradation andresidual performance. Power companies continued
their repair work even during the outbreak, so weneeded to arrange to receive the dismantled apparatus.
This caused conflicts between work in the facility andthe stay-at-home policy. In addition, the Prime
Minister asked all elementary, junior high, and highschools nationwide to close from the end of February,which meant that parents needed to take care of theirchildren during the daytime. Families with members inneed of nursing care also experienced somethingsimilar. As long as people are working from home,businesses and everyday lives must be promoted
concurrently.
It was decided to postpone the Tokyo 2020
Olympics, and at the end of March, the media reported
the death of a veteran Japanese slapstick comedian.
Tension about the outbreak increased sharply after thePrime Minister declared a state of emergency on April
7. Some members of the sector set out to write papers
for scientific journals, or to learn new methods for data
analysis and numerical calculations in this season. The
atmosphere of stay-at-home work was good for
resolving desk work, such as contracting procedures
and compiling technical report articles for society
activities. As the laptop computers usually used forbusiness trips are allowed to connect to the officeremotely, most of the members of the sector used themfor work. Sometimes the workability of these laptops
suffered due to small computer screens or bad internet
connections. Research meetings that were previously
held face-to-face were moved to online systems. In
committee meetings for society activities, managers
needed to familiarize themselves with how the systems
worked. Many business activities have also paused at
this time, causing delays in paper procedures andoutsourcing. Some contract procedures werestalemated, and some deliveries were delayed for amonth. Online meetings were held frequently as
members gradually got used to things. Sometimes,
participants seemed to feel reluctant and meetings
ended without deep discussions taking place. Thismight be because the online system can pick up evenprivate utterances and broadcast them to the whole
meeting. The Solid Insulation Sector routinely accepts
trainees from Japan and overseas. Because of fear of
the virus, their activities were restricted to only data39

analysis and numerical calculations. One trainee fromIndonesia completed his program at the end of May
and returned to his country with his family. He sent us
a message saying that they had arrived home safely,
after a period of quarantine for preventative measures.
Each of us had to manage the ‘new normal’ in ourdaily lives. Parents had to carve time out of theirworking hours to take turns taking their children out.
There were good things as well, like learning new
hobbies, getting takeaway meals instead of dining out,
sharing housework, and having dinner as a family.
The Japanese government ended its COVID-19 stateof emergency at the end of May. Business activities
started to resume as restrictions on mass movement
were eased, but CRIEPI and many other companies
reduced the frequency of in-person work. Schools inmany regions across the nation started to reopen, but
local governments continued announcing requests toavoid unnecessary outings and the use of social
services. As for the Solid Insulation Sector, somemembers continued stay-at-home work. Others began
avoiding public transport and switched to driving toprotect themselves from packed commuter trains andbuses. The office was quiet. Some people intentionallystayed alone in their experiment rooms, and others
focused on experiments and classified papers while
going to the facility. Daily desk work was resolved
while working from home. Shipments and deliveries
were still delayed, and it was hard to make up the lost
time. Only small experiments had prospects forresumption.

Academic conferences were held online to maintaina platform to share research outcomes. Manyinternational conferences had to take into account thetime differences around the world to settle theirscientific programs. This was fortunate for Japaneseparticipants because they were able to leave thesessions around nine o’clock at night. However, inhindsight, there are questions as to whether weparticipated only to sessions and presentations what
they paid attention to. It was easy to feel the differencewith face-to-face conferences in terms of discovering
new things and meeting new people.
Japan suffered its second wave of infections in thesummer and is now facing the third wave. The latest
information on coronavirus infections is always at the
top of the news, and workers need to make judgments
on work styles depending on the situation. The media
reports that many people feel a lack of communication
among workers. There are dramatically fewer
opportunities or chances to have discussions or work
together with co-researchers. There are also obstacles
to building consensus on research promotion. Online
systems cannot offer equivalent communication
quality to face-to-face conversation, but we still needto maintain physical distance. People are now inclined
to use words like ‘unity’ and ‘solidarity.’ We hopethese words will describe the upcoming year.
Norikazu Fuse and Tsuguhiro Takahashi
Central Research Institute of Electric Power
Industry,
Yokosuka, Japan(Manuscript was received on 8 December 2020)

The Research Experience of Electrical Insulation
Combined with the COVID-19 Pandemic andInfectious Disease Prevention and Control in China
The Covid-19 pandemic has brought somedifficulties to our research. We have actively adjusted
our research strategies and methods to meet thischallenge. By combining with experimental results, weused theoretical analysis and modeling to carry out
research. We also combined theories in the electricalinsulation discipline with the spread of viruses and theprevention and control of infectious diseases to carryout research. Here are some of our researchexperiences during the Covid-19 pandemic.
We used thermally stimulated response theory toestablish a model of the Covid-19 pandemic. For the
spread of infectious diseases without humanintervention, the spread rate ν(t) of the virus will
gradually increase with time t, which can be expressedas ν(t) = ν0exp(-τ0/t). Here, ν0 is the pre-factor of the
exponential function and τ0 is a time constant. The
number of new cases per unit time dn(t)/dt is equal to
the number of people in an area who have not been
infected by the virus multiplied by the spread rate of40

the virus, dn(t)/dt = [N0 – n(t)]ν(t) = [N0 – n(t)]ν0
exp(–τ0/t). Here, N0 is the final number of cases in thisarea. By integrating the differential equation of virus
diffusion and considering that the number of patientsat the initial moment is 0, we can derive the analyticalformula for the number of patients at time t, n(t) =N0[1 – exp[–ν0ʃexp(–τ0/t)dt]], which is similar to thesigmoid function as shown in Fig. 1(a). Derivation of
the number of patients with time can get the infection
rate as, dn(t)/dt = N0ν0exp(–τ0/t)exp[–ν0ʃexp(–τ0/t)dt],
which is akin to the Λ-shaped curve as shown in Fig.
1(a). When the virus speed ν(t) is too fast, the numberof patients will increase sharply in a short time. Due tothe limited number of hospitals and doctors, as well as
limited supplies of infectious disease-related treatment
equipment and medicines, local hospitals do not haveenough capacity to treat all patients. There will bepatients who cannot get treatment or do not havesufficiently effective treatment. To provide responsetime for limited medical resources and replenishment,
EINA No.27 (December 2020)

Fig. 1. Spread of virus calculated by thermallystimulated response theory (a) and solid energy band
theory (b).

it is necessary to flatten the disease spread rate.
Increasing the time constant τ0 through isolation,
reducing gathering activities, wearing masks, andwashing hands frequently, will effectively reduce thevirus spread rate ν(t) and flatten the Λ-type disease rate
curve.
We also used the solid energy band theory to
calculate the electron density to analyze the spread andprevention of Covid-19 disease. The infection
probability of viruses can be expressed as the quasiFermi-Dirac function f(t) = 1/(1 + αexp(t/τ1)). The
infectious ability of the virus in the early stage is verystrong, and it will gradually weaken over time. As thecrowd gathers, the virus will spread among the crowd.
Assume that the number of people who may be
exposed to the virus at time t is represented by a powerfunction: ψ(t) = (t/τ2)β. The number of people infected
at time t can be calculated by the product of the quasiFermi-Dirac function and the power function, dn(t)/dt= ψ(t)f(t) = (t/τ2)β/(1 + αexp(t/τ1)). The relationship ofthe number of patients per day with time is also a Λshaped curve as shown in Fig. 1(b). Under thecondition that the infectious ability of the virus
remains unchanged, effective isolation measures can
reduce the number of people in contact with the virus,
which can effectively prevent the spread of the virus.
In this special period of coexistence of challenges
and opportunities, adopting new research methods tomeet the challenges, discovering new innovative
research directions, will create new opportunities forthe development of science and technology. Finally,
we hope that Covid-19 can be brought under control assoon as possible and everyone stays healthy and safe
during this extraordinary period.
Daomin Min, Shengtao Li, Minzun Ji, Pengxin
Li, Jiachi Yao, and Ziwei Gao
State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation andPower Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University,
China(Manuscript was received on 30 Nov., 2020)

High Voltage Educational and Research Activities at Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia under COVID-19 Pandemic
A. Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic has certainly made itself
on the top of the list as the most infectious disease in2020, all over the world. At the time of this writing,relentless efforts are still ongoing to combat theoutbreak of COVID-19 worldwide. Similarly, in
Malaysia, a nationwide “Movement Control Order”
has been in place since March 2020, and this haslargely restricted nationwide activities across thecountry. One thing for sure, the arrival of COVID-19
has never been welcomed. The pandemic has forced
the adoption of new ways of working, not least in
conducting high voltage educational and research
activities at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
B. High Voltage Educational and Research Activities
at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia under COVID-19
Since the implementation of “Movement Control
Order” in Malaysia, all educational and research
activities have been put to a halt back then, physically.
EINA No.27 (December 2020)

Fig. 1. Online learning with students undertaking the“High Voltage Technology” course

Nevertheless, this has led to a new chapter of learning– online learning. This has included the lectures for the“High Voltage Technology” course at Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia; physical classrooms have beentransformed into virtual classrooms, thanks to the41

Fig. 2. Participation in ICD 2020 virtual conference.

advancement of online learning tools. This has allowed
lectures to be conducted without much affecting thecourse progress of the students. While the first few
attempts on online lectures have appeared clueless formany first-time users, the benefits of online learning
have later prevailed; online-based interactive learning,as shown in Fig. 1, has become as effective as physicallearning.
During the unprecedented COVID-19 outbreak,some international conferences have been delayed,with many have been changed to a virtual presentation
format. The later has included the 2020 IEEE
International Conference on Dielectrics. Two papers
from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, namely, “Effectsof Water on the Dielectric Response of Calcined
Silica-based Polyethylene Nanocomposites” and“Effects of Thermal Aging on Structure and Dielectric
Properties of Polypropylene/Calcium Carbonate
Nanocomposites”, have been presented through virtualpresentations accessible via a shared conference link,
as illustrated in Fig. 2.
As the outbreak of COVID-19 in Malaysia has
slowed down, high voltage research activities atUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia have resumed
physically since July 2020, but with a “new normal” inplace. All researchers have been required to declaretheir health status and apply for entry to work areas. In
addition, all researchers have been required to takeprecautionary measures to combat the possible spreadof COVID-19, including taking their attendances,
recording their body temperatures, wearing their faceFig. 3. Discussion in laboratory with “new normal”
in place.

masks, and keeping themselves 1-meter apart whileworking in the laboratory, as illustrated in Fig. 3.
Meanwhile, work routine of the staff at the highvoltage laboratory has also been carried out with the“new normal” in place. Many educational and research
related works, including the International Conference
on the Properties and Applications of DielectricMaterials (ICPADM), which has been scheduled to beheld in Johor Bahru on 11-15 July 2021, have been
progressively planned and executed. Although
COVID-19 has undeniably caused devastating losses
in working hours, high voltage educational andresearch activities at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
have thus far remained resilient.
C. Summary
With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic
worldwide, 2020 has been a challenging year so far for
many. At the time of this writing, the impacts of
COVID-19 are still being largely felt around the world.
Nevertheless, many new opportunities have also beenbrought about by the virus. As the old saying goes,every cloud has a silver lining; it is often at times ofdifficulties that more breakthroughs can be achieved.
For high voltage educational and research activities atUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia, they will definitely live
up to expectations.
Kwan Yiew Lau
School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia,
Malaysia(Manuscript was received on 16 Sept. 2020)

Spirit in Creation: Vent-I, An Innovation Productagainst Covid19 Pandemic in Indonesia“I just could not stay at home during the lockdown.
I’d prefer to die standing up rather than die kneeling” Dr.
Syarif Hidayat, M.T., the leader of Vent-I team.
The advent of Vent-I came from challenges andthreats posed by SARS-Cov2 outbreak in Indonesia, atthe beginning of 2020, during which we were strongly
42

encouraged to socially withdraw ourselves andminimize activities outside home. One of the major
challenges during Covid19 pandemic was the vast
increase of covid19 cases while the limited supply of
logistic needed to treat patients. This is clearlycatastrophic especially for severe and critical patients

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

who must be treated
immediately. Therefore, tocircumvent the situation, a
small
team,
initially
consists of Dr. Syarief
Hidayat, Jam’ah Halid,
S.Si. , M.Si., Ir. Hari
Utomo dan Ir. Mipi Ananta
Kusuma was formed on 23
March 2020 o create
ventilator and it got well
reception from a varied
parties.
The
early
Dr. Syarif Hidayat, M.T. development of the vent-I
the leader of Vent-I team
was initially funded by
Rumah Amal Salman(RAS), a non-profit organization of Salman Mosque of
ITB, then, many lecturers of ITB, Professor Tatacipta
Dirgantara, Dr. Sandro Mihrasi, Dr. Sri Raharno,
Professor Trio Adiono dan Adi Indrayanto, Ph.D, as
well as an alumni of ITB, Ir. Hari Tjahjono decided tojoin the group. Additionally, the project is also
conducted by physicians of various expertise, Dr. dr. Ike
Sri Redjeki, Sp.AnKIC, KMN, M.Kes., dr. Dadang
Rukanta, Sp.OT., dr. Reza Widianto Sudjud, Sp.AnKIC,
KAKV, M.Kes., dr. Rully Herman Sitanggang,
Sp.AnKIC, KAP,M.Kes in order to guarantee the qualityof the ventilator to accordingly meet the clinicalstandards. Ultimately, the group involves a
multidisciplinary professionals coming from three
institutions, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Universitas
Padjajaran, and Salman Mosque of ITB FounderInstitution (YPM Salman ITB). In accordance with its
vision to empower its mosque as the center ofcivilization, Salman mosque of ITB has been turned intoa laboratory where the development of Ven-I was takenplace.
Vent-I, which was initially made of plastic box andwashing machine hose (Fig. 1), is now transformed intoa high-quality product complying with the strict healthrequirements.
Research and development team involves volunteersof an interdisciplinary students from various universities,
Institut Teknologi Bandung, Universitas Pendidikan
Indonesia, and Telkom University. One of the volunteers,
Ashari (ITB 2016) said, “I have gained invaluablelessons and experience by conducting research on
Vent-I because I meet and work with people fromvarious knowledge backgrounds, both fellow students
and teaching staffs of notable universities. Also, I am
thankful to my parents for giving me their blessing in
joining this team”
Through a long process of product testing conductedby Department of Public Health, Indonesian Ministry of
Health, Vent-I has successfully passed the test on 22
April 2020. Despite the laborious task, the great work of
the team, supported by the proactive supervision of theauthorities, is the key to have the Vent-I achieved the

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

Fig 1. Prototype of Vent-I Beta

standard set by the government without compromising
its quality.
In addition, Vent-I has undergone the clinical test for
two weeks at different hospitals, such as RSUP Dr.
Hasan Sadikin of Public Hospital Center of Bandung,
Advent Hospital of Bandung, Santosa Hospital
Bandung Central, Al-Ihsan Public Regional Hospital,
Tk.II Dustira Hospital, Pulmonary Hospital, Melinda 2
Hospital, dr. Suyoto rehabilitation hospital ofIndonesian Ministry of Defense, and Public Regional
Hospital of Cibabat, and Wisma Atlet Hospital.
Several crucial parameters were examined during test,
such as effect of Vent-I usage on oxygen saturation levelof patients’ blood (SpO2), patients’ pulse rate and bloodpressure. Dr. Reza explained that the clinical tests
resulted in improvement of patients’ condition. This was
attributable to the improvement of patients’ oxygenationlevel, causing the organs to function better.
Additional parameters were assessed, such as Positive
End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) stability, patients’
comfort level when using the machine, machine stability
and electricity, machine noise level. The clinical testing
result was submitted to the Directorate General of
Pharmacy and Medical Device Services of theIndonesian Ministry of Health on 13 May 2020.
Then, Vent-I obtained distribution license by theIndonesian Ministry of Health. In response to this, thefundraising team of Rumah Amal Salman (RAS) ITB
started to launch a massive campaign to gain financial
support. With the immense response from the society,the initial target of producing 100 ventilators increased
to 1000 ventilators, supported by 2048 donors, which
include individuals, communities, and companies,
donating more than 12 billion IDR.
The production started from the middle of May 2020
until July 2020. The production team had to workround-the-clock to produce thousands of Vent-I. At thesame time, three companies, coming from bothstate-owned and private enterprises, began to work on
industrial scale production, aided by the students ofdifferent institutions, such as vocational high school,
polytechnic institution, and universities.

43

Key features of Vent-I
a. User-friendly
b. Portablec. Economicald. Safee. 100% National ProductFig. 2. Manufacture of Vent-I
Simultaneously, Vent-I ventilators were distributed tohospitals throughout Indonesia (Fig. 3) to receive
feedbacks from healthcare workers because feedbacks
are essential to improve the quality of the Vent-I. The
team also arranged a webinar to educate the healthcare
workers about Vent-I.
Finally, Vent-I team organize a public agenda topresent its accountability report regarding the Vent-I
production. It was arranged in a leisure event on 24 July
2020, titled “Sharing the final progress of Vent-I”.
Vent-I is one of the products coming from thecollaboration between academy, business, community,
government, and media (ABCGM) with its spirit of“Innovation and Communal Work”

Fig. 5. A visit from Regional Military Commander III
Siliwangi Mayor General Nugroho Budi Wiryanto on 5
April 2020

Fig. 6. Product testing at Department of Public Health,Indonesian Ministry of Health on 14 April 2020

Fig 3. The Distribution Map of Vent-I
Fig. 7. Vent-I with Indonesian Minister of State-Owned
Enterprises, Erick Thohir, on 16 April 2020

Fig. 4. Different models of Vent-I

44

Fig. 8. Governor of West Java, Ridwan Kamil, met the
Vent-I team at PT.Dirgantara Indonesia (Indonesian
Aerospace, Inc). "Let's support our nation's innovation"
said Ridwan Kamil, on 24 April 2020
EINA No.27 (December 2020)

Table 1. Specification of Vent-I
Model
PEEP Mechanism
Heating mechanism
humidifier
Device operation

CPAP Ventilator
forPressure and total flow rate
control
Display
Temperature control

Blower specification
Air filter
Power supply
VoltageFrequency
Pressure setting range
Oxygen input pressure

Water hydrostatic
Plate water heater with separated
container
Room pressure, temperature, andhumidity
Microcomputer control system
LCD 48 x 36 x 24 cm
Microcomputer
controlsystem,separated from pressure and total flowrate control
Centrifugal Fan
0-7 KPaH13 HEPA filter
AC 220-240 V ; 50/60 Hz
AC (230 +/- 10%) V
50/60 Hz
5 cmH2O, 10 cmH2O, or 15 cmH2O

Fig. 10. On 5 May 2020, Indonesian Minister ofDefense, Lieutenant General Prabowo Subianto met with
Vent-I Team Leader and Initiator, Dr.Syarif Hidayat,
M.T.,"We are proud to say that we can independently
produce the urgently-needed medical device, not only inIndonesia but also around the world” said the Vent-I teamleader2 - 4 bar (according to the regulator ofoxygen)
52% to 55%

FiO2 oxygen level
Mixed air flow rate

Temperature setting range·
30 to 35 liters per minute(automatic)·
Maximum 45 liters per minute(manual)
Up to 100%
Buzzer, activated when the pressure
exceeds 20 cmH2O
33oC to 37oC on mask

Noise level
Ambience condition
usage< 50 dB
Temperature: 5 oC to 40oC
Relative humidity: up to 80%

Relative humidity
Pressure alarm (audio)

forFig. 9. The President of Republic of Indonesia, Ir. Joko
Widodo with Vent-I, "I guess when we feel urged to dosomething, the idea would come up and we will doeverything we can. Likewise, the team has started this on
March, when the outbreak started in Indonesia

Fig. 11. Vent-I team with the deputy of relevance andproductivity at the ministry of research andtechnology/national research and innovation agency, Prof.
Ismunandar, "Vent-I proves the nation that our own
innovation can solve the covid19 crisis, with thecollaboration between universities, industry, andgovernment” on 28 April 2020

Fig. 12. Vent-I team with the Indonesian Minister of
Health, Lieutenant General Dr. dr. Terawan Agus Putranto,
Sp. Rad, " I strongly believe that Vent-I will always be
developed and will motivate the nation's youth", on 19
June 2020

Prof. Suwarno
School of Electrical Engineering and informatics
Bandung Institute of Technology, BandungIndonesia(Manuscript was received on 23 Nov., 2020)

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

45

TECHNOLOGIES FOR TOMORROW
Prevention of Partial Discharge by Newly Applied RTV
Coated Insulator under Polluted Conditions
1. Introduction
Partial discharge may happen on insulator strings inoverhead lines under polluted conditions. Partial
discharge causes audible noises and visible
scintillation. It has the possibility that these noises andvisible discharge cause neighborhood inhabitants
anxiety or unpleasant feelings. Insulators coated withroom temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone rubber(hereinafter called “RTV coated insulator”), whichhave good hydrophobic surface, are sometimes
applied in order to prevent flashover accidents inheavy polluted areas. It is expected that RTV coatedinsulator has also effects of prevention of partial
discharge under polluted conditions. In this article,
research results of laboratory test and field test arereported.
2. Characteristics of RTV coated insulator
Fig. 1 shows RTV coated insulator with only
bottom surface. Characteristics of RTV coatedinsulator are shown as follows.

Fig. 1. RTV coated insulator

2.1 Superior anti-pollution performance
In case of conventional insulator such as porcelain
insulators, insulation performance is significantly
decreased under polluted conditions. Silicone rubber
surface has hydrophobicity and it keeps long timeeven if pollution covers the surface, because
low-molecular weight silicone migrates on pollution
layer. Hydrophobic surface contributes superior
withstand voltage performance under polluted
conditions and is effective as a countermeasure against
audible noise and visible discharge.
2.2 High reliability
The mechanical strength of RTV coated insulator isthe same as that of the conventional disc type insulator.
It has long experience and high reliability. If RTV
silicone rubber is damaged by erosion and thendisappeared in the worst case, these characteristics are
just returning to conventional insulators.
3. Laboratory tests (Partial discharge tests underpolluted condition)
Visible discharge, audible noise and the maximum
leakage current were observed or measured underpolluted and wet condition. The single tension strings
with 38 normal disc type insulators (Φ320) were
installed on these tests. The specimens wereartificially polluted and the tests were performed after
the RTV surface recovered hydrophobicity to someextent. The pollution degrees are salt deposit density(SDD) of 0.25 and 0.5mg/cm2 which are heavy
polluted conditions near the seacoast. After 303kV(phase-to-earth voltage of 500kV line: Max. 525kV)
was applied to the specimen continuously, thespecimen was wetted by steam fog.
The test results are shown in Table 1. Discharge
activities and leakage current waveforms at SDD of
0.5mg/cm2 are shown in Figs. 2 and 3. It is confirmedthat both audible noise and visible discharge can be
drastically reduced by RTV coating on both polluted
conditions.

Table 1. Test results of discharge activity
No.

46

Specimen1

Non-coated insulator (38 discs)2

RTV coated insulator (38 discs)3

Non-coated insulator (38 discs)

4

RTV coated insulator (38 discs)

Visibledischarge

Audible noise(Noise level)

Maximumleakage current

0.25mg/cm2Yes

Large (87.4 dB)

225 mA

No

Small (57.3 dB)

8 mA

0.5
mg/cm2Yes

Large (71.2 dB)

301 mA

SDD

No
Small (53.9 dB)
10 mA* Back noise of testing environment: 47.7 dB
EINA No.27 (December 2020)

(a) Arrangement of specimen insulators(a) Non-coated insulator string(b) Non-coated insulators (Test No.3)(b) RTV coated insulator string
Fig. 4. Discharge activity in the field(c) RTV coated insulator (Test No.4)
Fig. 2. Discharge activity simulating 500kV line.

(a) Non-coated insulators (Test No.3)(b) RTV coated insulator (Test No.4)
Fig. 3. Leakage current waveform

4. Field test
Field test for operating 500 kV transmission line iscarried out at the tower located about 480 m from theseacoast. After one of all double tension strings

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

replaced with RTV coated from non-coated insulators,
the observation was started by using a digital SLR
camera.
Fig. 4 shows the partial discharge activities of
non-coated and RTV coated insulator strings on anight of high humidity. Visible discharge could beobserved with the non-coated insulator string, while
no visible discharge was observed with RTV coatedinsulator one.
5. Conclusion
From laboratory tests and field test, it is confirmedthat audible noise and visible discharge can besuppressed with RTV coated insulators. The newly
developed RTV coated insulators would be widelyadopted such under heavy pollution environments
around the world.
Motohiro Maeda*1 and Mina Takagi*2*1
NGK insulators, Ltd.
2-56, Suda-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi
467-8530, Japan
https://www.ngk-insulators.com/*2
Chubu Electric Power Grid Co., Inc.
3-24 Yokota 2-chome, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, Aichi
456-0022, Japan
https://www.chuden.co.jp/english/

47

Non-Destructive Inspection Method for Defects
in Epoxy Resin by using THz Waves

Fig.3 shows the results of the measured electric fieldstrength of the THz wave for each defect type. As shown,reflection intensity increased in the order of metalfragment > void > resin burr. There are 2 importantfactors that affect the reflection intensity. One is THz
wave attenuation in the resin. The other is THz wave
reflectance at the defect/resin interface. Since the same
resin was used in all samples and the defect depths were
the same, the attenuation shows the same value
regardless of defect type. When the incident angle of theTHz waves is constant, The reflectance, R is given by
the relative permittivity, εr of the defect material, and R
decreases with increase in εr. R at the metal interface is

48

1.0. On the other hand, since εvoid ( εvacuum ) is 1 and εresinburr is 3.47, R at the void/resin interface would be larger

than that at the resin burr/resin interface. Therefore, in
principle, the reflection intensity is in the order of metalfragment > void > resin burr.

As above, development of a non-destructive
inspection method by using THz waves was investigatedto inspect defects in epoxy resin. It is concluded that THz
wave technique will be used for non-destructive
inspection of resins.
defect (void, metal fragment, resin burr)
defectdepth
Resin with fillers
metal

metal
Resin with fillers

Fig.1 Defect samples.

Fig.2 Scanning images of defects in samples.

Reflection intensity (a.u.)

Non-destructive inspection method by using
terahertz (THz) waves will be discussed to detect
defects in epoxy resin which is widely used as insulating
materials in power equipment.
In electrical insulation, defects in the resin lead topoor performance. This is because the electric field in
the defects is high, and partial discharge occurs becauseof dielectric breakdown. In order to find a way toprevent generation of defects, it is necessary to identify
the positions and types of defects. Thus, we havedeveloped a nondestructive inspection method using
terahertz (THz) waves. Electromagnetic waves of about
0.1-10 THz are designated as “THz waves”. THz waves
have good transmission properties in polymers. This
inspection method can be applied without contact and it
has relatively good spatial resolution compared to othermethods. Thus, it has been actively studied as anondestructive testing method for resins in recent years.
We tested epoxy resin with fillers samples withdifferent kinds of internal defects: voids, metallic
fragments, resin burrs. Sample thickness were also
varied. Fig.1 illustrates the sample compositions. For
the measurement, Terahertz time domain spectroscopy(THz-TDS) was used.
Fig.2 shows a scanning image of defect samples.
Scanning images drew in grayscale using reflection
intensity in the most changed time domain depending
on defects. Resin thickness on the defect can becalculated from the refractive index, n. The calculated
values of n were 1.82 for the epoxy resin with fillers.
The error between the actual and the calculated defectdepth was about ± 2mm.
Differences between the THz reflected waves fordifferent defect types were confirmed using thereflection intensity. Here, reflection intensity is definedby the maximum amplitude of the reflected waveform
caused by the defect through the entire range frequency
range.

0.1◆ Metal fragment● Void■ Resin burr

0.05

0

0

10

20

30

40

Defect depth (mm)Fig.3 Relationship between defect depth and electricfield amplitude for each defect type.

By Rieko Mizuuchi
Toshiba Infrastructure Systems & Solutions
Corporation
1, Toshiba-Cho, Fuchu-Shi, Tokyo 183-8511, Japan
Tel.+81-42-333-2548 FAX.+81-42-340-8060

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

Standardization of Calibration and Advanced Measurementsof Space Charge Distribution at High Temperature Using thePulsed Electro-acoustic Method-Advanced Measurement Techniques and Typical ApplicationsIEEJ Investigation Committee on Standardization of Calibration and Advanced
Measurements for Space Charge Distribution at High Temperature using Pulsed
Electro-acoustic Method (HT-PEA)
Chairperson: Yasuhiro Tanaka, Tokyo City University
IEEJ Technical Report No. 1491 (in English), Published on August 11th, 2020
IEEJ Investigation Committee on Standardization of
Calibration and Advanced Measurements for Space
Charge Distribution at High Temperature using Pulsed
Electro-acoustic Method (HT-PEA) published thetechnical report No. 1491 as shown in Figure 1, on
August 11th, 2020. As you know, there is a lot of
measurement results obtained using the PEA are
published on Journal and conference papers. The PEA
measurement system was established by Prof. Takada,and many Japanese researchers have been concerning
its improvements. The book introduces the fundamentalof the measurement, applications, and typical results by
the Japanese researchers, and it must be useful for many
researches in this field. The committee The committee
is composed of 16 members, and investigating thefollowings:
1) Proposal of the calibration method of PEA
measurement at temperature from room
temperature to 90 ˚C,2) Evaluation of the proposed method,3) Investigation of the advanced measurement
techniques.
The committee has already published a technicalreport (JEC-TR-61010) in Japanese for JEC (JapaneseElectrotechnical Committee) about a high temperature
Chapter 1
Preface
Chapter 2
Principle of PEA Measurement
Chapter 3
Improvement of Measurement
Chapter 4
Measurement under Specific
Environments
Chapter 5
Under Various Electric Field
Chapter 6
Various Shape
Chapter 7
Various Materials
Chapter 8
DC Current Integrated Charge(Q(t)) Method

Figure 1. IEEJ technical report No. 1491.

50

measurement concerning to the above (1) and (2)activities. Furthermore, the committee had decided to
publish the technical report in English about theadvanced technic of PEA method concerning to theabove (3) activity.
As shown in Fig. 1, since a principle, arecommended procedure and typical results of the PEA
measurements are introduced in the technical report, it
is useful for beginners. Since it is including somehistorically significant measurement results, you must
be inspired by them. Figure 2 shows that a typical resultof the Packet-like charge generation, and it is importantto relate the space charge accumulation and thebreakdown. Furthermore, it is sufficiently available forthe experts on the PEA measurement, because someresults obtained under various measurement conditions
using some improved measurement systems are also
introduced in the technical report. Figure 3 shows atypical technic to measure the space charge distribution
in an insulating layer with cable geometry.
I hope the technical report will be helpful anduseful for investigation of the insulating materials tocreate the future power networking systems.

Prof. Yasuhiro Tanaka, Tokyo City University, Japan

Figure 3. Pulse application to a cable of long length andits equivalent circuit.

URL: https://www.bookpark.ne.jp/cm/ieej/detail/IEEJGH1491-PDF/

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

BOOK REVIEW
Problems and Puzzles in Electric Fields
Authors: Dr. T. Takuma and Dr. T. Shindo
Publisher: Springer (1st Ed.: March 24, 2020)
A book with the title "Problems and Puzzles inElectric Fields" written by Tadasu Takuma and
Takatoshi Shindo was published in 2020 by Springer
Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
The book deals with the 49 questions with many
unexpected answers. The contents of the book arebased on the original Japanese book written by one ofauthor; T.Takuma: Panorama of Electric Fields (inJapanese) IEE Japan, 2003.
Many readers know that the electromagnetic
phenomenon are caused by the electrons. The moving
electrons carry the electrical energy while creating thescalar and vector potentials. Those electromagnetic
potentials induce the electric and magnetic fields. The
characteristics of the fields are classified by a
combination with divergence and rotational vector
operations according to Helmholtz’s theorem.
The questions in the book seem simple and easy toanswer at a glance. After trying to solve them, they
will be either misunderstanding or rarely completely
understood.
Many of the contents are unique and interestingideas focusing on the electrostatic field, those are
directly related to the insulation design of high-voltage
equipment, and therefore their practicality is extremelyhigh.
It goes without saying that electromagnetic
phenomena are expressed by mathematical formulas
and are closely related to mathematics, but there arefew
ofanalyticalsolutionsavailableinelectromagnetism problems. In contrast, I can feel agenerous passion for learning in the appearance ofincorporating problems similar to the singularity
problem of mathematics, special functions, infinite

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

Fig. 1. The book coverseries, etc., and trying to get into the essence ofphysical phenomena.
I would like to express my sincere respect.
Prof. Satoshi Matsumoto
Shibaura Institute of Technology,
Tokyo, Japan49

Standardization of Calibration and Advanced Measurements ofSpace Charge Distribution at High Temperature Using thePulsed Electro-acoustic Method-Advanced Measurement Techniques and Typical ApplicationsIEEJ Investigation Committee on Standardization of Calibration and Advanced
Measurements for Space Charge Distribution at High Temperature using Pulsed
Electro-acoustic Method (HT-PEA)
Chairperson: Yasuhiro Tanaka, Tokyo City University
IEEJ Technical Report No. 1491 (in English), Published on August 11th, 2020
IEEJ Investigation Committee on Standardization of
Calibration and Advanced Measurements for Space
Charge Distribution at High Temperature using Pulsed
Electro-acoustic Method (HT-PEA) published thetechnical report No. 1491 as shown in Fig. 1, on
August 11th, 2020. As you know, there is a lot of
measurement results obtained using the PEA are
published on Journal and conference papers. The PEA
measurement system was established by Prof. Takada,and many Japanese researchers have been concerning
its improvements. The book introduces thefundamental of the measurement, applications, andtypical results by the Japanese researchers, and it must
be useful for many researches in this field. The
committee The committee is composed of 16 members,
and investigating the followings:
1) Proposal of the calibration method of PEA
measurement at temperature from room temperature to90°C,2) Evaluation of the proposed method,3) Investigation of the advanced measurement
techniques.
The committee has already published a technicalreport (JEC-TR-61010) in Japanese for JEC (JapaneseElectrotechnical Committee) about a high temperature

Chapter 1
Preface
Chapter 2
PrincipleofPEA
Measurement
Chapter 3
Improvement of Measurement
Chapter 4
Measurement under Specific
Environments
Chapter 5
Under Various Electric Field
Chapter 6
Various Shape
Chapter 7
Various Materials
Chapter 8
DC Current Integrated Charge(Q(t)) Method

Fig. 1. IEEJ technical report No. 1491.

50

measurement concerning to the above (1) and (2)activities. Furthermore, the committee had decided to
publish the technical report in English about theadvanced technic of PEA method concerning to theabove (3) activity.
As shown in Fig. 1, since a principle, arecommended procedure and typical results of the PEA
measurements are introduced in the technical report, it
is useful for beginners. Since it is including somehistorically significant measurement results, you must
be inspired by them. Fig. 2 shows that a typical resultof the Packet-like charge generation, and it isimportant to relate the space charge accumulation andthe breakdown. Furthermore, it is sufficiently available
for the experts on the PEA measurement, becausesome results obtained under various measurement
conditions using some improved measurement systems
are also introduced in the technical report. Fig. 3
shows a typical technique to measure the space charge
distribution in an insulating layer with cable geometry.
I hope the technical report will be helpful and usefulfor investigation of the insulating materials to create
the future power networking systems.
Prof. Yasuhiro Tanaka,
Tokyo City University, Japan
URL:https://www.bookpark.ne.jp/cm/ieej/detail/IEEJ-GH
1491-PDF/

Fig. 3. Pulse application to a cable of long length and its
equivalent circuit.

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

MISCELLANEOUS
Photos on Front and Rear Covers
Front CoverWorld’s first DC 400 kV XLPE Cable System
Has Started Operation
A 400-kV HVDC XLPE cable system
connecting between the United Kingdom (UK) andBelgium has been operated more than a year
without any problem. This is world’s first extruded
insulation cable in this voltage class which can be
operated up to 90°C. The overall length of the
UK-Belgium interconnector is 141.5 km. The
project is a large one, with its submarine section
alone being 130 km long.
The manufacture of the cable was started in
April 2016 in Ibaraki Works of Sumitomo ElectricIndustries, Ltd. and completed in February 2018.
The front cover photograph (left) is a photographthat shows a scene of loading the cable into atransport ship from an onshore cable yard in Ibaraki
Works.
After arrival at North Sea dipole cables were

installed on shore and under sea. As the sea isshallow off the shore in this region, two cables areappears on the shore at the time of ebb tide asshown in the photograph (right). All cables were
finally embedded under seabed.
The cable system has started the operation fromJanuary 2019 to deliver 1000MW electricity tointerlink two countries, and we feel so muchgladness and honors to contribute to some of social
challenges in Europe through our technology.
Shoji Mashio
Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd..
Power Cable Project Engineering Division
1-1-3
Shimaya,
Konohana-ku,
Osaka,
554-0024, Japan

Rear Cover
Epoxy / Silica Nanocomposite Thin Films
Nanocomposite has attracted attention as aneffective method to improve the insulating
performance of organic polymer insulating
materials. It is known that the addition of the
inorganic nano-filler to the organic polymer
suppresses the propagation of electrical trees.
However, the detailed mechanisms of thegeneration and propagation of electrical trees arestill unclear. Our research group has investigatedthese electrical trees in epoxy / silica
nanocomposite (NC) utilizing micro-fabrication
techniques.
The top picture is a cross-sectional SEM imageof the NC thin film, which was prepared byspin-coating the NC resin on a silicon wafer andthen thermally hardened. Each of the nanoparticles
is found to be dispersed independently in the 600
nm epoxy layer. The bottom figures show theelectrical tree generated at the tip of Al film

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

electrodes fabricated on a quartz glass substrate. A
surface-active agent of nanoparticle is treated on aquartz glass substrate to imitate the interface
between the filler and the polymer. The bottom
right pictures are SEM images of the cross-section
at the electrical trees. Fine tree holes with 3-5 µm
diameters are formed at the interface. Making fulluse of the microfabrication technique, we are trying
to clarify the role of nano-fillers on the insulating
properties of organic polymer materials.
B.E.
Kohei
TAKAHASHI,
Prof./Dr.
Takanobu WATANABE
Waseda University
Faculty of Science and Engineering,
3-4-1 Ookubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555,
Japan

51

Journals of IEEJ
A Journal which is edited by the headquarters of
the Institute and five transactions which are edited by
five technical societies* A to E are monthly published.
Another transaction “IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic
Engineering (TEEE)” is edited in
English by the five technicalsocieties and published by John
Wiley & Sons. , (SCI registered)

Right: Electronics and Communications in Japan
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/19429541/(ISSN)1942-9541, (SCI registered)
Left: Electrical Engineering in Japan
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15206416/(ISSN)1520-6416, (SCI registered)

An English journal “IEEJ Journalof Industry Applications” is editedby the society D and publishedbimonthly. The papers can be
downloaded free at present.

They can be accessed from the website above:
Portal site of IEEJ > English Top > Journal &Paper > Journal

Papers in all kinds of journals published by IEEJ
can be browsed at
Portal site of IEEJ > English Top> Journal & Paper > Online Journal(http://denki.iee.jp/?page_id=5941)

Two journals “Electrical Engineering in Japan”
and “Electronics and Communications in Japan” aretranslation of the IEEJ Transactions A, B, C, D and E
from Japanese into English both edited and publishedby John Wiley & Sons (not all articles).

(*) Five technical societies in IEEJ are as follows:
A: Fundamentals and Materials Society (Thismagazine is published from EINA Committee
under this society.)
B: Power and Energy Society
C: Electronics, Information and Systems Society
D: Industry Applications Society
E: Sensors and Micromachines Society(please visit Portal site of IEEJ > English Top >Technical Societies)

IEEJ Technical Reports
The A4 size technical reports listed below wereprepared by investigation committees in technicalsocieties A to E in IEEJ and published from December
2019 to November 2020. The extended summaries canbe browsed in English on the web site below but the
texts of technical reports are described in Japanese
except No. 1491 (see Book Review in this issue).

Abstracts of the technical reports can be browsed on the web site:
Portal site of IEEJ > English Top > Publications > Abstract of Technical Report(http://denki.iee.jp/?page_id=1590)

No.

Title

1501 Trends in the Latest Technology for Maintaining the Lightning Resistance andImproving the Operating Rate of Wind Power Generation Facilities
1497 System technology for efficient operation of water and sewage facilities
1495 Wireless Power Transfer Technologies on Power Electronics
1494 Research and development trends in high-performance permanent magnets
1493 Magnetic Material and Its Evaluation Technology for Electromagnetic Actuator
1492 Technical Trend of Next-generation Application Specific Electric Motors andElectromechanical Integration Technology
1491 Standardization of Calibration and Advanced Measurements of Space Charge
Distribution at High Temperature Using the Pulsed Electro-acoustic Method(written in english)
1490 The role and performance of the capacitor in the next generation HVDC
52

Pages Issue Date(y/m/d)
51
57
80
77
98

2020/11/27
2020/11/27
2020/10/8
2020/10/8
2020/8/11

56

2020/8/11

95
62

2020/8/11
2020/7/22

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

1489 Progress of performance improvement of power semiconductor devices and Ics
62 2020/7/22
1488 Technical Report on Techniques for Gas-Phase Simulations of Electric Discharges
and Plasmas
91 2020/6/17
1487 Models for Power System Analysis with Integration of Distributed Generators
82 2020/7/7
1486 Grid Integration Technology under large amount Wind Power58 2020/9/4
1485 Common Fundamental Technologies for High Precision Servo Systems
92 2020/6/17
1484 Current situation after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident andpossibility of waste treatment using superconducting magnetic force control technology 52 2020/6/9
1483 Recent Progress in Motion Control for High-Performance
94 2020/6/9
1482 System Integration Technology driving a Future Power Electronics−An Fundamental
Technology and Road Map to High Power Density−
60 2020/6/16
1481 The actual situation and problem of a diagnosis, the evaluation technique forDistribution Electric Wire and Cable
74 2020/4/6
1480 Technical trend of medium voltage switchgear for application expansion andcorresponding to overseas market or special specifications
72 2020/6/9
1479 MHD Power Generation Technology and Its Application Aiming for Environmental
Load Reduction
68 2020/6/9
1478 Recent Trend on Diversification of Functions and Properties of Transformer
79 2020/6/9
1477 Energy services by customer power resources
167 2020/6/9
1476 Comprehensive Evaluation Techniques of Electromagnetic Field Analysis for Rotating
Machines
99 2020/6/16
1474 Backgrounds and Reasons for Revision of JEC-2300 Alternating-current Circuitbreaker Standard
114 2020/4/6
1473 The Latest High Frequency Power Conversion Technology for Adapting to Advanceof Energy Use
53 2020/2/5
1472 The Technical Transition and Issues of Insulated Electric Wires, Cables andAccessories in Several Distribution Line Environments
82 2020/3/5
1471 Improving Accuracy of Electromagnetic Field Analysis
83 2020/3/10
1468 The Latest High-frequency Power Conversion Technology Corresponding to the Energy
Issues48 2020/3/1
1465 Application Techniques on Real-world Haptics
43 2020/6/16
1434 Technical trend of applied IT and response to renewable energy as for gas-insulated
switchgear
66 2020/4/15

Application for Membership of IEEJ
Please visit Portal site of IEEJ › English Top (http://www.iee.jp/?page_id=1544) › “Become a member”

Way for Browsing or Purchasing Proceedings of IEEJ Technical
Meetings and IEEJ Technical Reports
If you can understand Japanese, please visit at
IEEJ Electronic Library: http://www.bookpark.ne.jp/cm/ieej
IEEJ Digital Library: https://ieej.ixsq.nii.ac.jp/ej/
else:(1) Proceedings of Symposia and Technical Meetings
You can request them to the business services section of IEEJ. (event@iee.or.jp)(2) Technical reports
You can request them to the Publication Sales Section of IEEJ. (pub@iee.or.jp)

EINA No.27 (December 2020)53

To contact IEEJ:
Please visit at Portal site of IEEJ (EN) (https://www.iee.jp/en/)> MENU > About IEEJ > Secretariat (https://www.iee.jp/en/about/secretariat/)
Postal address: 8F HOMAT HORIZON Bldg., 6-2, Goban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan(Editorial and Publishing Section)
E-mail: edit@iee.or.jp (IEEJ journal and departmental
publications)E-mail: pub@iee.or.jp (Technical reports, etc.)(R&D Management Section)
E-mail: event@iee.or.jp(Standards Development and Planning Div.) E-mail: iec@iee.or.jp(General affairs Section)
E-mail: member@iee.or.jp (membership)
Fax: +81-3-3221-3704 (common)

54

EINA No.27 (December 2020)

Members of the Cooperative Research Committee
on EINA Magazine in 2020
Name

Affiliation

TanakaToyohashi University of Technology
Waseda University(Chairperson)(Adviser)

TatsuoTakadaTokyo City University(Auditor)

Masahiro

KozakoKyushu Institute of Technology(Secretary)

Norikazu

FuseYoshiyuki

Inoue

HiroakiMiyakeCentral Research Institute of Electric Power (Secretary)
Industry
Toshiba Mitsubishi-Electric Industrial(Editor)
Systems Corporation
Tokyo City University(Task Force)

Kazuyuki

Tohyama

Yoshiyasu

Ehara

National Institute of Technology, Numazu (Task Force)
College
Tokyo City University

Michitomo

FujitaShowa Cable System Co., Ltd.

Naoki

Hayakawa

Nagoya University

Kunihiko

HidakaTokyo Denki University

NaohiroHozumiToyohashi University of Technology

Takahiro

Imai

Mitsumasa

IwamotoToshiba Infrastructure Systems & Solutions
Corporation
Tokyo Institute of Technology

KuniakiKondo

NGK Insulators, Ltd.

Akiko

KumadaThe University of Tokyo

Jumpei

Kusukawa

Hitachi, Ltd.

TetsuoMatsumoto VISCAS Corporation

Hirotaka

Muto

Mitsubishi Electric Corporation

Hiroyuki

Nishikawa

Shibaura Institute of Technology

Masayuki

Nagao

Toshikatsu

Yoshimichi Ohki

Waseda University

Shigenori

Okada

Takaoka Chemical Co.,Ltd.

Kenji

OkamotoFuji Electric Advanced Technology Co., Ltd.

YoitsuSekiguchi

Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.

Yasuo

SuzuokiAichi Institute of Technology

Hiroyuki

TanakaChubu Electric Power Co., Inc.

Yasuhiro

TanakaTokyo City University(Members in alphabetical order)

Web Site for EINA Magazine
You can browse the EINA magazine including back numbers at http://eina.ws/(where all figures are shown in color.)

EINA27(December 2020)

55

Cooperative Research Committee
on EINA Magazine, IEEJ
(http://eina.ws)
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