Unlocking a Renewable Energy andClean Transportation Future in Hawaii

EV and PHV Okinawa Town Symposium
Sponsored by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry,
Next Generation Vehicle Promotion Center (NEV)
Okinawa Convention Center, Conference Building A
4-3-1 Mashiki, Ginowan City
Okinawa 901-2224, Japan
February 7, 2014

Leon R. Roose
Hawaii Natural Energy Institute
University of Hawaii at Manoa
Honolulu, Hawaii, USAHawaii is Paradise2But, Hawaii is Very Geographically Isolated ….

3

3

Energy Insecurity
46.3 million barrels of petroleum were imported for Hawaii's totalenergy use in 2012
 Primary energy: 90% fossil fuel, all imported, most of it is crude oil refined That's 36 barrels of petroleum for every man, woman and child living in Hawaii
 $5.09 billion left the state to pay for imported petroleum

 100% of
the crude
oil for theState isimported
Hawaii Department of
Business, Economic
Development &Tourism

JET FUEL

34%

ELECTRICITY 32%
GASOLINE/
27%
MARINE FUEL
OTHER
7%

Crude Oil Supplies to Hawaii
4

High Energy Cost Drains the Island Economy
High Cost of Service
Hawaii ranks #1 inelectric energy costs:
45.5 cents/kWh46.1 cents/kWh38.2 cents/kWh36.2 cents/kWh31.9 cents/kWh

Lanai
Molokai
Hawaii
Maui
Oahu(Residential rates as of April 1, 2013)11 - 12 cents/kWh

U.S. avg.

Source: Hawaii Energy

5Clean Energy Opportunities
in Hawaii are Abundant6

Isolated Island Grids with no Interconnection
80MW
1200MW
5MW
80% of state population

5MW

200MW

190MW

• Significant solar and wind resource, but resource
intermittency challenges grid operations• Resource potential (large) and isolated island load (small)• Large gap between peak and minimum load (> 2:1)

Opportunity to validate and deploy new technologies
7

Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative (HCEI)
Hawaii

The most petroleum-dependent state in the US is on track to increase its clean energy(efficiency and renewables) to 70% by 2030 and will have the greatest penetration ofvariable renewables on a grid in the US

Objectives
The State of Hawaii, US DOE, and local utility launched HCEI in January 2008 totransform Hawaii to a 70% clean energy economy by 2030:• Increasing Hawaii’s economic and energy security• Fostering and demonstrating Hawaii’s innovation• Developing Hawaii’s workforce of the future• Becoming a clean energy model for the U.S. and the world8Integrating Large Amounts of Wind and Solar Power

Maui Island Case

Kaheawa I(30 MW)
Kaheawa II(21 MW)

40+ MW ofDistributed PV

Auwahi(21 MW)

9

Exponential Growth in PV Market
Island of Maui••

In both 2011 and 2012, the installed PV
on Maui doubled the total installed PV
capacity of the prior year
July, 2013  PV @ 37+ MW(Source: Maui Electric Company, Ltd.)

Integrating High Penetrations of PV on Distribution Feeders
Is a Challenge in Hawaii Today

10

P
V

O
u
t
p
u
t

%

5:30:00 AM
5:45:00 AM
6:00:00 AM
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6:14:53 PM
6:29:53 PM
6:44:53 PM
6:59:53 PM

Solar Resource Intermittency
and Variability

100.0%

100
Panaewa

90

80

Mauna Lani
Substation Load
Mauna Lani

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0.0%

0

6/23/201011

Wind Resource Intermittency
and Variability

10 mins12

Making of the Maui Smart Grid•

Maui Smart Grid Project (2009) ~$12 M– US DOE funded, HNEI led project to integrate smart grid technology toachieve reduced peak load on a distribution circuit and better
management of intermittent renewable energy•

Smart Grid-Enabled PV Inverters (2012) ~$11 M– US DOE funded, HNEI led project to develop and demonstrate advanced
PV inverter functionality in a smart grid environment• JUMP Smart Maui (2011) ~$30 M– NEDO funded, Hitachi led project to integrate high levels of PV, windenergy, and EV into an island wide smart grid environment•

Great Maui Project (2013) ~$20 M– NEDO funded, Hitachi led phase 2 of JUMP Smart Maui project, todemonstrate EV vehicle-grid and Virtual Power Plant integration

All projects have partners in common and propose
to share hardware, results, and lessons learned
13

Japan – U.S. Collaboration
 President Obama and then Prime Minister
Hatoyama met in November 2009 andagreed to cooperate on clean energy
technology development.
 US Department of Energy (DOE) and Japan
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry(METI) identified areas for joint activities that
concluded in a "Clean Energy Technologies
Action Plan“ that included Okinawa-Hawaii
collaboration.
 DOE, METI, State of Hawaii and Okinawa
prefecture signed a Memorandum ofcooperation on the Okinawa-Hawaii Clean
Energy Cooperation in June 2010.
 State of Hawaii and NEDO signed a MOU for
implementation of a Smart Griddemonstration in Maui in November 2011.
14

JUMP Smart Maui
A Japan – United States Smart Grid Demonstration Project15

Outline of JUMPSmartMaui
In Maui, large scale renewable energy (72MW of wind and 40+ MW of distributed PV)
has been introduced. In addition, EV high penetrations are expected soon.

IssuesExcess Energy
System Frequency Impact
Distribution Line Voltage
ImpactSolutionsIntegrated DMS
μDMS &Smart PCS
EV charger control
Battery system
Direct Load Control
ICT Platform

Basic Policy for Demonstration
Maximize Utilization of Renewable Energy (RE)
Stable Supply of Electric Power
Solution for Impact of EV & PV High Penetration©Hitachi, Ltd., 2013. All rights reserved.

16

Geographical Locations of Devices in Maui

Kapalua

Server room
DMS
EVECC
DLC

Bulk Battery(Li-Ion)kaanapali

DC Fast Chargers(Installed)

Haiku
Kahului
Wailuku

DC Fast Chargers(Plan)

Paia

Lahaina
Makawao

WailuaPukalani

SVC
Maalaea

Whole Maui Island :Normal Chargers 200
sets
Micro-DMS 15 sets
Smart PCS 10 sets
Home Getaway 40 sets
Home Battery 10 set
Switch 12 sets

Kula
kihei

waileaHana

Bulk Battery(Li-Ion)Bulk Battery(Lead Acid)©Hitachi, Ltd., 2013. All rights reserved.

17

Overall View of System Configuration©Hitachi, Ltd., 2013. All rights reserved.

18

System Operation – Integrated DMS
Maximum Utilization of Renewable Energy
Advanced load shift
Helps shift energy demand by integrating forecasts of renewable power
generation with the operating schedule of the project’s batteries.

Load Curve Forecast

Night

Midnight

DaytimeRenewable Power
Generation Forecast

Power Generation
Plan

Night

Midnight

Daytime

The conventional load shift technology

Night

＋

Midnight

DaytimeAdvanced

RE forecasts added©Hitachi, Ltd., 2013. All rights reserved.

19

System Operation – Integrated DMS (cont.)
Maximum Utilization of Renewable Energy
Advanced load shift
Helps shift energy demand by integrating forecasts of renewable power
generation with the operating schedule of the project’s batteries.

SupplyDemandSupplyDemandBalance
Charging
Discharging
schedule

Excess energy
forecast graph

ExcessStart charging
The Control Center

The charging is scheduled to startwhen the balance would have excess supply©Hitachi, Ltd., 2013. All rights reserved.

20

System Operation – Integrated DMS (cont.)
Stable Supply of Electric Power
Emergency demand andsupply control
マウイ島に最適なスマートグリッドへ
Keeps the electric power system stable by controlling and helping to restore lossof balance between power supply and demand.
When power generationof wind farm and PV
decreases …
Cut off low priority loads
such as water heaters
temporarily.
Emergency discharge ofbattery and shift charge
time zone of EV toanother time.

The Control Center©Hitachi, Ltd., 2013. All rights reserved.

21

Home Equipment©Hitachi, Ltd., 2013. All rights reserved.

22

Home Equipment (cont.)

Direct Load Control to Enable More Renewable Energy

Smart EV Charge and Water Heater Control©Hitachi, Ltd., 2013. All rights reserved.

23

DC Fast Charger©Hitachi, Ltd., 2013. All rights reserved.

24

DC Fast Charger
Benefits
 Promote the use of electric vehicles and growing availability of fast
charging stations.
What is the purpose?

FeaturesTo service the growing number of EVs
on Maui roadways, the project’s goal
continues to be expansion of DC Fast
Charger stations across the island. In
terms of the Smart Grid, the goal is todevelop an EV charging management
system that is stable and will not affectthe load and demand of the current
electric system.

 Scalable EV charger system that can beadapted to different locations
 User-friendly JSM Web Portal for
convenient status of current operation at
various locations and maps
 DC Fast Charge Smart Card membership Location based traffic simulator
 Control of specific charging functions like
Priority mode and Balanced mode basedon location©Hitachi, Ltd., 2013. All rights reserved.

25

EV Fast Charging Stations on Maui

©Hitachi, Ltd., 2013. All rights reserved.

26

EV Business Case Model In Operation - Okinawa
Rental EV Business model integrated with tourism
Sightseeing spot

Commercial facilities

Rental EV
TouristSightseeing &Shopping
ChargeChargeOperation Terminal

Operation Terminal

Issue IC cards

Deploy andoperateEV Infrastructure
Operator

Billing Information

EVMS
Center・Certification
・Billing
・Remote Maintenance

EV Charging Management Solution

OKINAWAEV Charging spot

27

Hawaii State Energy Office EV Vision
State of Hawaii's Renewable Energy + EV + V2G concept

Oahu
Passenger car

Commercial(Truck)Bus

Maui

HawaiiHI state total

Gasoline

647,150

170,270

179,017

1,077,697

Hybrid10,805

1,887

2,019

15,563

EV

1,307

254

97

1,707

Gasoline

31,073

5,593

6,523

44,960

Diesel

3,591

1,660

3,047

9,370

Hybrid

73

2

1

77

EV

5

0

0

5

1,735

199

268

2,213

0

0

0

0

DieselEV

July 2013 registered vehicle data28

FY 2013 METI next generation automobile (EV/PHV/FCV)
research in Hawaii
Learning
1. Eco-Tourism demand: EV bus is attractive fortourists
2. Short distance: good for busy road /circulating trolley
3. EV charging electricity: should be renewablebase (not diesel, but solar and wind)
4. V2G discharge: more than mere saving
electricity bill, building critical power back-up(e.g., tsunami & natural disaster, blackout)

Flat Field Co., Ltd. (Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa 243-0021, Japan)• Engaging Stakeholders
 Hawaii State Energy Office (DBEDT), Maui County gov’t.
 Dept. of Transportation/HNL International Airport
 Hawaiian Electric JTB Hawaii Travel, TP Transportation
 Oahu (Waikiki) Hotels• Hilton Hawaiian Village, Sheraton Waikiki, Royal
Hawaiian Hotel, Trump Tower Waikiki, Kahala Hotel Maui (Lahaina) Hotels• Westin Maui/Sheraton Maui, Hyatt Regency Maui

Demand Peak Curtail with Storage_SHERATON
1100
1050

Demand kW

1000

100kWh500kWh950

Current

900

100kWh850

500kWh

800
750
700
0:00

6:00

12:00
Time

18:00

0:00

V2B from EV••

Energy from 1 EV bus (~100kWh) = 4 EV cars (~24 kWh)Bus operating schedule is fixed29

Flat Field’s Progress Report: Waikiki (Nov 2013)
Electricity
Storage Box

Electricity
Storage Box

Solar Panel

Solar Panel

Electricity
Storage Box

PCS

PCS

PCS

Solar Panel

V2Bx5

V2Bx2

Alamoana Center (AMC)(JTB) ‘OLI’OLI Plaza (under investigation)

Trump International Hotelreceiving power 1,600kW $2.3M/year

V2Bx5
Kyo-Ya / Starwood Hotels
Sheraton Princess Kaiulani, Moana Surfrider A Westin Resort& Spa, The Royal Hawaiian, Sheraton Waikiki Hotelreceiving power 3,300kW $6.0M/year

Reduction of Power Cost by V2B (example)
Electricity Consumption (kW)TP Transportation ‘OLI’OLI Walker (17 buses at present)
Addition of 5-6 buses to rotate V2B power feeding (total 22-23
buses)

External electric supply from
2-5 EV buses (V2B)
Peak Cut

17

21

Time

HECO Contract [Schedule-P]30

Flat Field’s Progress Report: Maui (Nov 2013)

Solar Panel

V2B
Hyatt Regency Maui
500kW Solar Panel (from 2015)

Solar Panel

Each Hotel

1-2 EV buses :Kaanapali Islander#25 route
35 miles/day + electric supply from V2B

AirportV2B
The Outlet of Maui (open in Dec 2013)

Rent-a-car / Parking

31Research, Collaboration and Business
Opportunities AboundHawaii and Okinawa are ideal working ‘labs’ to prove concepts andlearn lessons about advanced energy technologies
Hawaii can grow our successful collaboration with national andinternational partners like Japan and create a leading international
showcase of smart energy solutions in action that will …
√ Increase energy independence√ Reduce fossil-fuel use√ Limit greenhouse gases
A Key to Secure Paradise in Hawaii andEstablish a Clean Energy Economy32

Mahalo!
(Thank you)
For more information, contact:
Leon R. Roose
Hawaii Natural Energy Institute
School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology
University of Hawaii at Manoa
1680 East-West Road, POST 109
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
Office: (808) 956-2331
Mobile: (808) 554-9891
E-mail: lroose@hawaii.edu
Website: www.hnei.hawaii.edu

33Supplemental Slides

Hawaii Natural Energy Institute
Organized Research Unit in the School of Ocean and Earth Scienceand Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa

 Alternative Fuels:• Biomass, Biofuels, Hydrogen,
Methane Hydrates
 Electrochemical Power Systems• Fuels Cells, Batteries Renewable Power Generation• Ocean Energy• Photovoltaics
 Energy Efficiency• Building Technology• Sea Water Air Conditioning
 Systems Integration• Grid modeling and analysis• Smart grid and microgrid development• Storage application on the grid35• Funded by US DOE with cost share from partners• Implement advanced communications and control
technologies to improve grid performance• Demonstrate new “Smart Grid” technologies to:– Reduce peak demand by 15%– Better integrate wind and solar power– Improve grid reliability– Inform consumer demand decisions

Hawaii Natural Energy Institute
University of Hawaii at Manoa

Sentech, Inc.

36

Project will Manage Distributed Energy Resources(DER) to Support Grid Operations
Home Area Network
Advanced Metering
Infrastructure
Two-way comms
Voltage monitoring
Outage detection

Solar PV monitoring

MECO Data
Center

SSN Data Center
Internet

Demand response
Monitor PV
Customer feedback
In-homeSmartdisplay
Thermostat

MECO
BackhaulWaileaSub
Station
Maui Meadows
SSN Mesh

Voltage
Monitor

Alstom
DMS

Areva
EMS

Distribution
Management Aggregate DER
SystemDecision support
Volt / VAr Control
Improve visibility

Current
monitoring
deviceBattery
EnergyStorage
SystemLoadControl
Switches

Distribution Monitoring
Current measurements

37

Development and Demonstration of
Smart Grid-Enabled PV Inverters
Research Project lead
• Project oversight, management and direction• Smart Inverter application design; performance and data analytics
Communications and Customer Engagement technology lead
• Mesh com system; Inverter management & control system software• Customer engagement via PV customer portal
Inverter technology leads• Lead for communications integration into inverter,
develop control functionality in inverter + control SW
Host utility in Hawaii• Inverter operations for field pilot; performance evaluation
Co-Services lead – established PV provider in Maui
• Sales, marketing, installation, project management, customer service
Host utility in Washington DC, Maryland, New Jersey• Inverter operations for field pilot; performance evaluation
Co-Services lead – established PV provider in PHI service territory• Sales, marketing, installation, project management, customer service
Inverter Testing Laboratory Facility• Site of functional requirements and inverter testing38

Solution Architecture
Inverter Management & Control Software• Provision inverter on network• Manage PV Production Data
• Send control signals to inverter• Monitor status of inverter

Home

Smart Grid Network

Utility Back Office Systems

Silver Spring Networks
Network Interface Card
• 900 MHz utility smart grid network• Retrieve PV production data
• Send inverter control signals
through network

Inverter
Mgmt
SW• ZigBee
Communications
Module• SEP 2.0 DER

900
MHz

2.4 GHz

Customer IQ• Utility web portal• Customer can see
net bill impact &solar production

Silver Spring Networks
Access Point

Smart Meter• Utility owned• Home’s primary meter• SEP 2.0 over 2.4 GHz ZigBee

Based on Fronius IG Plus V Inverter
Advanced Grid Functions (Examples)• Remote generation curtailment• Volt-Var control curves• Volt-Watt control curves

39