中国と日本の人口老齢化に関する比較研究
Comparative study regarding population aging in China and Japan楊 非凡 . 聶 海松（東京農工大学)
Yang Feifan . Nie Haisong (University of Agriculture and Technology)
ys657763874@gmail.com
Research Background
Population aging has become one of the most significant global trends of the 21stcentury. Different levels of development of the region and the country will face
the problem of population aging. The most serious aging rate in the world is Japanas a developed country, while the largest population of the elderly is China as adeveloping country. The deepening of the aging of the various aspects of society
have an important and far-reaching impact, not only at the micro level to bring theelderly individuals and their immediate family function changes, but also at themacro level play a role in the adjustment of economic and social structure .
Research Object
Population aging has become a common problem facing China and Japan. Based on
the comparative analysis of population aging in China and Japan, this paper analyzes
the strategies adopted by the two countries in coping with the aging of the population,and try to analyze the two the future of the population in response to the processof population aging how to learn from each other for analysis.
I.The evolution of population aging in China and JapanAs a neighboring country in Asia, China and Japan have shown different demographic
changes, which are closely related to the different population policies of the twocountries. Japan is the world's most aging country, China is the largest populationof the elderly population, China and Japan in 1993 (TFR1.94) and 1975 (TFR1.91) began,
the total fertility rate is lower than the population replacement Level 2.1 [Totalfertility rate (TFR) reflects the most important indicator of population development
trends, refers to an average number of births of a woman. ] With regard to the paceof progress in aging, Japan and China have a time lag in the progress of aging on
the time-line, but the "aging" trend of both countries has shown a rapid development
momentum. Globally, the aging process in developed countries generally lasted fordecades to centuries, such as France spent 126 years, Switzerland spent 85 years,
the United Kingdom spent 46 years, Germany spent 40 years, while Japan and China
only Spent 24 years and 25 years, the speed is amazing.
II.The characteristics and problems of population aging in China and Japan
Although the aging growth rate of China and Japan is as rapid as the pace ofdevelopment, but also because of advances in medical technology to achieve the growthof life expectancy, but the difference is that China is because of the long-term
implementation of the family planning policy led to a decline in the birth rate.Thedecline in fertility in Japan is a relatively natural consequence of the culturalchanges that have taken place with economic and social development, increased femalesocial activity and changes in marital values. There is also a common feature ofthe commonality of the world, that is, there are gender differences, as well as empty
nest family, the core family and elderly living alone, disabled elderly, chronic
disease, the growing elderly, the elderly within the aging trend. In the case ofaging strategies and policy planning, issues such as the gender of the elderly are
the factors that must be considered.
China's aging is also facing a unique problem, that is, “elderly parents who havelost their only child” and “no children elderly”continue to increase, with thefirst generation family planning people began to enter the old age, children risk
events and other factors exist, the number of “elderly parents who have lost their
only child” showing a rapid the momentum of growth.
III.Countermeasures and countermeasure differences of China and Japan 's response
to population aging
1.China's population aging strategy: to gradually establish a home-based pension
systemThe construction of the old-age service system will be based on the home-based
pension service, not only from the macroeconomic background of China's economic andsocial development, but also on the micro reality of Chinese society.
Whether from the current level of development, or from international experience or
future financial constraints analysis, institutional pension can not be the mainbearer of China's future pension. The ability to provide adequate support forlarge-scale elderly people depends fundamentally on the healthy development of thehome-based pension system.The old-age service is provided by the use / consumption
terminal, which is for every old man.
2.Japan's aging countermeasures and problems: all-round construction of pension
support system
1)A comprehensive pension support system
Japan is one of the first countries in the world to enter an aging society andhas now established a relatively complete legal system. "National Pension Law"
"Elderly Welfare Law" "Elderly Health Law" is the Japanese elderly welfare legal
system of the three pillars, from the economic income, social welfare, health carein three areas to protect the rights of the elderly.
2)The new support from the “Dynamic Engagement of All Citizens” strategy :Tosolve the current and future labor shortage
Toward a society participated by all citizens, whether they are women or men,the elderly or youths, people who have experienced a failure, people withdisabilities and people fighting an illness, can play active roles in theirrespective homes, workplaces and local communities or any other places