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How!to!Teach!Students!how!to!
Communicate!Science!

COMMUNICATION!

What’s!the!point!of!doing!great!work!!

if!you!can’t!communicate!it?!

How!do!we!
help!students!
share!complex!
scienDﬁc!
informaDon?!

Many!surely!feel!
like!this…!

air.!As!a!result,!the!sky!is!ﬁlled!with!too!much!light!to!see!the!stars.!Light!polluDon!can!disturb!
the!way!plants!grow.!Some!wild!animals!also!fall!vicDm!to!light!polluDon.!In!the!United!States,!
the!InternaDonal!DarkMSky!AssociaDon!has!been!trying!to!solve!the!light!polluDon!problem.!As!
the!city!grew!over!the!years!and!arDﬁcial!lights!increased,!it!became!diﬃcult!to!see!the!Milky!
Way.!The!arDﬁcial!light!from!the!streets!and!building!is!reﬂected!on!dust!or!drops!of!water!in!the!
air.!As!a!result,!the!sky!is!ﬁlled!with!too!much!light!to!see!the!stars.!Light!polluDon!can!disturb!
the!way!plants!grow.!!Some!wild!animals!also!fall!vicDm!to!light!polluDon.!In!the!United!States,!
the!InternaDonal!DarkMSky!AssociaDon!has!been!trying!to!solve!the!light!polluDon!problem.!As!
the!city!grew!over!the!years!and!arDﬁcial!lights!increased,!it!became!diﬃcult!to!see!the!Milky!
Way.!The!arDﬁcial!light!from!the!streets!and!building!is!reﬂected!on!dust!or!drops!of!water!in!the!
air.!As!a!result,!the!sky!is!ﬁlled!with!too!much!light!to!see!the!stars.!Light!polluDon!can!disturb!
the!way!plants!grow.!Some!wild!animals!also!fall!vicDm!to!light!polluDon.!In!the!United!States,!
the!InternaDonal!DarkMSky!AssociaDon!has!been!trying!to!solve!the!light!polluDon!problem.!As!
the!city!grew!over!the!years!and!arDﬁcial!lights!increased,!it!became!diﬃcult!to!see!the!Milky!
Way.!The!arDﬁcial!light!from!the!streets!and!building!is!reﬂected!on!dust!or!drops!of!water!in!the!
air.!As!a!result,!the!sky!is!ﬁlled!with!too!much!light!to!see!the!stars.!Light!polluDon!can!disturb!
the!way!plants!grow.!!Some!wild!animals!also!fall!vicDm!to!light!polluDon.!In!the!United!States,!
the!InternaDonal!DarkMSky!AssociaDon!has!been!trying!to!solve!the!light!polluDon!problem.!As!
the!city!grew!over!the!years!and!arDﬁcial!lights!increased,!it!became!diﬃcult!to!see!the!Milky!
Way.!The!arDﬁcial!light!from!the!streets!and!building!is!reﬂected!on!dust!or!drops!of!water!in!the!
air.!As!a!result,!the!sky!is!ﬁlled!with!too!much!light!to!see!the!stars.!Light!polluDon!can!disturb!
the!way!plants!grow.!Some!wild!animals!also!fall!vicDm!to!light!polluDon.!In!the!United!States,!
the!InternaDonal!DarkMSky!AssociaDon!has!been!trying!to!solve!the!light!polluDon!problem.!As!
the!city!grew!over!the!years!and!arDﬁcial!lights!increased,!it!became!diﬃcult!to!see!the!Milky!
Way.!The!arDﬁcial!light!from!the!streets!and!building!is!reﬂected!on!dust!or!drops!of!water!in!the!
air.!As!a!result,!the!sky!is!ﬁlled!with!too!much!light!to!see!the!stars.!Light!polluDon!can!disturb!
the!way!plants!grow.!!Some!wild!animals!also!fall!vicDm!to!light!polluDon.!In!the!United!States,!
the!InternaDonal!DarkMSky!AssociaDon!has!been!trying!to!solve!the!light!polluDon!problem.!!

TOO*MUCH*INFORMATION!*

st
1 !

:!

KISS!
Keep!It!
Simple,!Silly!

?
?
?

?

??
?

?

JARGON! ?

? ?

?

?
?

Simple!is!beVer!!
It’s!more!important!to!get!the!
message!across,!not!impress!
others!with!vocabulary.!
Clearly!deﬁne!scienDﬁc!terms!

Redundancy!

I!wanted!to!do!research!on!
spoVed!owls!because!I!
wanted!to!know!their!
present!situaDon.!So,!I!
researched!the!present!
situaDon!of!spoVed!owls.!!

I!wanted!to!do!research!on!
spoVed!owls!because!I!
wanted!to!know!their!
present!situaDon.!So,!I!
researched!the!present!
situaDon!of!spoVed!owls.!!

Is!there!something!we!can!do!
without?!

I!wanted!to!do!research!on!
spoVed!owls!because!I!
wanted!to!know!their!
present!situaDon.!So,!I!
researched!the!present!
situaDon!of!spoVed!owls.!!

I!wanted!to!do!research!
on!spoVed!owls!because!I!
wanted!to!know!their!
present!situaDon.!!

I!wanted!to!do!research!
on!spoVed!owls!because!I!
wanted!to!know!their!
present!situaDon.!!

Can!we!make!this!sentence!shorter?!

I!wanted!to!do!research!
on!spoVed!owls!because!I!
wanted!to!know!their!
present!situaDon.!!

Can!we!make!this!sentence!shorter?!

I!wanted!to!do!research!
on!spoVed!owls!because!I!
wanted!to!know!their!
present!situaDon.!!

Now,!how!do!we!make!the!sentence!
correct?!

I!wanted!to!do!researched!
on!spoVed!owls!because!I!
wanted!to!know!their!
present!situaDon.!!

Now,!how!do!we!make!the!sentence!
correct?!

I!researched!spoVed!owls!
because!I!wanted!to!know!!
their!present!situaDon.!!

I!researched!spoVed!owls!
because!I!wanted!to!know!!
their!present!situaDon.!!

I!researched!spoVed!owls!
because!I!wanted!to!know!!
their!present!situaDon.!!

I!researched!spoVed!owls!to!
learn!their!present!situaDon.!!

Exercise!Time!!

Redundancy!Exercises!
1. Astronomers!have!just!discovered!a!new!
discovery!of!what!they!believe!to!be!the!second!
largest!black!hole!ever!found.!

Redundancy!Exercises!
1. Astronomers!have!just!discovered!a!new!
discovery!of!what!they!believe!to!be!the!second!
largest!black!hole!ever!found.!

Redundancy!Exercises!
1. Astronomers!have!just!discovered!a!new!
discovery!of!what!they!believe!to!be!the!second!
largest!black!hole!ever!found.!
2.!!The!reason!we!researched!killiﬁsh!is!because!we!
were!shocked!to!learn!that!they!are!endangered.!

Redundancy!Exercises!
1. Astronomers!have!just!discovered!a!new!
discovery!of!what!they!believe!to!be!the!second!
largest!black!hole!ever!found.!
2.!!The!reason!we!researched!killiﬁsh!is!because!we!
were!shocked!to!learn!that!they!are!endangered.!

Redundancy!Exercises!
1. Astronomers!have!just!discovered!a!new!
discovery!of!what!they!believe!to!be!the!second!
largest!black!hole!ever!found.!
2.!!The!reason!we!researched!killiﬁsh!is!because!we!
were!shocked!to!learn!that!they!are!endangered.!
3.!!The!melDng!of!polar!ice!has!added!11mm!to!
global!sea!levels!over!the!past!two!decades,!
raising!sea!level!height.!

Redundancy!Exercises!
1. Astronomers!have!just!discovered!a!new!
discovery!of!what!they!believe!to!be!the!second!
largest!black!hole!ever!found.!
2.!!The!reason!we!researched!killiﬁsh!is!because!we!
were!shocked!to!learn!that!they!are!endangered.!
3.!!The!melDng!of!polar!ice!has!added!11mm!to!
global!sea!levels!over!the!past!two!decades,!
raising!sea!level!height.!

Be!concise!!

“to!the!
point”!

Being!clear!is!more!
important!than!using!a!lot!
of!English!words!!

Wordy:!Any!parDcular!type!of!
dessert!is!ﬁne!with!me.!(9!words)!
Concise:!Any!dessert!is!ﬁne!with!
me.!(6!words)!

Ask!yourself:!
“What!is!my!
main!message?”!

And!then…!

And!then…!

“Get!to!!
the!point”!

Aurora!Borealis!
The!aurora!borealis!(the!Northern!Lights)!and!the!aurora!
australis!(the!Southern!Lights)!have!always!fascinated!mankind,!
and!people!even!travel!thousands!of!miles!just!to!see!the!
brilliant!light!shows!in!the!earth's!atmosphere.!The!auroras,!both!
surrounding!the!north!magneDc!pole!(aurora!borealis)!and!south!
magneDc!pole!(aurora!australis)!occur!when!highly!charged!
electrons!from!the!solar!wind!interact!with!elements!in!the!
earth's!atmosphere.!Solar!winds!stream!away!from!the!sun!at!
speeds!of!about!1!million!miles!per!hour.!When!they!reach!the!
earth,!some!40!hours!afer!leaving!the!sun,!they!follow!the!lines!
of!magneDc!force!generated!by!the!earth's!core!and!ﬂow!
through!the!magnetosphere,!a!teardropMshaped!area!of!highly!
charged!electrical!and!magneDc!ﬁelds.!

X!

Aurora!Borealis!

The!aurora!borealis!(the!Northern!Lights)!and!the!aurora!
australis!(the!Southern!Lights)!have!always!fascinated!mankind,!
and!people!even!travel!thousands!of!miles!just!to!see!the!
brilliant!light!shows!in!the!earth's!atmosphere.!The!auroras,!both!
surrounding!the!north!magneDc!pole!(aurora!borealis)!and!south!
magneDc!pole!(aurora!australis)!occur!when!highly!charged!
electrons!from!the!solar!wind!interact!with!elements!in!the!
earth's!atmosphere.!Solar!winds!stream!away!from!the!sun!at!
speeds!of!about!1!million!miles!per!hour.!When!they!reach!the!
earth,!some!40!hours!afer!leaving!the!sun,!they!follow!the!lines!
of!magneDc!force!generated!by!the!earth's!core!and!ﬂow!
through!the!magnetosphere,!a!teardropMshaped!area!of!highly!
charged!electrical!and!magneDc!ﬁelds.!

Aurora!Borealis!
•A!natural!phenomenon!
that!occurs!when!highly!
charged!electrons!from!the!
solar!wind!interact!with!
elements!in!the!earth's!
atmosphere,!exciDng!them.!
•!When!the!excited!
elements!return!to!a!normal!
state,!they!give!oﬀ!light.!
•Also!called!the!“Northern!
Lights”!

It’s!beVer……!
…but…!
We!can!do!even!beVer…!

Aurora!Borealis!
•A!natural!phenomenon!
that!occurs!when!highly!
charged!electrons!from!the!
solar!wind!interact!with!
elements!in!the!earth's!
atmosphere,!exciDng!them.!
•!When!the!excited!
elements!return!to!a!normal!
state,!they!give!oﬀ!light.!
•Also!called!the!“Northern!
Lights”!

Aurora!
Borealis!
•!Natural!light!display!!!!!!!!!!
in!the!night!sky!!
•“Northern!Lights”!

Aurora!Borealis!
•A!natural!phenomenon!
that!occurs!when!highly!
charged!electrons!from!the!
solar!wind!interact!with!
elements!in!the!earth's!
atmosphere,!exciDng!them.!
•!When!the!excited!
elements!return!to!a!normal!
state,!they!give!oﬀ!light.!
•Also!called!the!“Northern!
Lights”!

Visuals!are!
great!for!
understanding.!

Color!can!also!be!
used!for!emphasis.!

However……!

KISS!
Keep!It!
Simple,!Silly!

So,!how!do!you!give!a!good!
presentaDon?!

First,!let!us!show!you!an!example…!

Tips!to!Give!a!Good!PresentaDon!
• You!want!to!get!your!audience’s!aVenDon!
• You!can!help!get!your!audience’s!aVenDon!by!
speaking!in!a!loud!enough!voice!!
• Start!oﬀ!well!–!You!want!to!make!sure!you!give!
a!good!ﬁrst!impression!
• End!well!–!You!want!to!leave!your!audience!
with!one!or!two!good!key!points!to!remember!

What!did!
you!think?!

2nd!Key!Point:!

Get!the!audience’s!
ATTENTION!

How!?!
Make!!eye!contact!
(Use!a!loud!voice)!

Use!gestures!

Exercise!Time!!

Eye!Contact!

3!Seconds!

Hello,!my!name!is!
________.!It’s!nice!to!
see!you.!
It’s!nice!to!see!you!too.!
My!name!is!_______.!

rd
3 !Key!Point:!

Conﬁdence!

Yet,!how!can!we!help!our!
students!(and!ourselves)!gain!
conﬁdence?!

2!minute!
exercise!

Amy!Cuddy,!

Social!Psychologist!
and!Professor!at!
Harvard!Business!
School!

Body!!
Language!

Body!
language!
says!a!lot!
about!
someone!

Our!body!language!inﬂuences!
how!other!people!think!and!
feel!about!us!

Can!our!body!language!
inﬂuence!how!we!think!and!
feel!about!ourselves?!

Can!our!bodies!change!!
our!minds?!

Testosterone!

CorDsol!

Power!
hormone!

Stress!
hormone!

High!power!
poses!

Low!power!
poses!

Testosterone!
(Power)!

CorDsol!
(Stress)!

“Fake!it!unDl!you!make!it”!

Try!a!
Power!
Pose!

Thank!you!
all!for!
being!here!
today.!

Challenge!Time!!

Challenge!Time!!
Make!a!short!presentaDon!
describing!!

what!light!polluDon!is!
using!the!slides!provided.!!

Light!PolluDon!

Light!PolluDon!
ArDﬁcial!light!that!is!
allowed!to!illuminate!
areas!not!intended!to!
be!lit!

Dust!

Excess!
Light!

Water!
droplet!

How!Light!
PolluDon!
Works!

Light!polluDon!can!disturb!the!way!plants!grow!

Light!
polluDon!
can!disturb!
wildlife!

Light!polluDon!can!disturb!humans!

What!can!
we!do?!

ThankMyou!for!listening!!!
For!more!informaDon,!please!contact:!
The!InternaDonal!Dark!Sky!
AssociaDon!
www.darksky.org!

How did
you feel?

You’re!invited!!
Research!PresentaDon!
Conference!in!English!
May!18th,!2014!
Kakogawa!Higashi!Senior!High!School!
For!details,!please!contact:!
YTsuji@hyogoMc.ed.jp!
Or!Jennifer.M.Saunders@gmail.com!