Contents
2

Welcome Messages

5

Committees

8

Information & Services
Venue & Contact
Floorplan
Opening & Plenary Sessions
Meals & Refreshments
Registration Hours
Useful Telephone Numbers
Welcome Reception, Conference Dinner & Closing

13

Program Overview

14

Keynote Presentations

15

Session Schedules- 3 Dec 2007
- 4 Dec 2007
- 5 Dec 200740

Abstracts

106

Author Index

1

Messages From General ChairsOn behalf of the organizing committee, we are pleased to welcome allparticipants to the International Conference on Industrial Engineeringand Engineering Management (IEEM). We are very pleased with theoverwhelming response to the conference and we thank you for your support
for and participation in the conference.
As technology progresses over the last couple of centuries, the power oftechnology no longer lies in its application per se. To add value and to improve
competitiveness, technology has to be applied in a manner that creates synergy
with people, financial resources, organizations, networks and systems. In otherwords, there is a need for tools that can create results beyond what traditional
engineering theories and practices alone can achieve. Industrial Engineeringand Engineering Management fit the bill perfectly. These are areas where
technical reasoning, analytical tools, computing power, optimization algorithms,
knowledge organization and utilization and so on, when appropriately
applied, can bring about advances and even breakthroughs in efficiency andeffectiveness in today’s increasingly complex operations.

Say Wei FOO
Nanyang Technological University

Thong Ngee GOH
National University of Singapore

Through IEEM conference, we hope to facilitate knowledge creation anddiffusion in industrial engineering and engineering management. This year,
the IEEE Engineering Management Society Singapore Chapter is very proud
to be the organizer of the IEEM conference. The chapter has successfully held
many conferences such as the recent IEMC2004 and ICMIT 2006. As a city-state,
Singapore has achieved its enviable position today in terms of nation building
and industrial research and development without any natural resources butwith first-rate engineering schools and management expertise in both public
and private sectors. Singapore is an excellent location to showcase what good
IEEM can bring about, and for practitioners and researchers from all over
the world to get together to discuss the art and science of various aspects of
IEEM.
We are very pleased to report that we have received very good response to theconference, the total number of paper submission exceeded 800. In order not toreject many excellent papers, we have made special efforts to include as manytechnical sessions as possible within the time available.
We are pleased to have Way Kuo and Mike Gregory, to give us the keynote
addresses. Other than technical programs, we also make arrangements for you
to relax, interact with fellow participants and make new friends.
We wish to take this opportunity to express our gratitude to all the reviewers
for their hard work and prompt action in reviewing the few hundreds papers.
We are very fortunate to have a good team as the organizing committee,
everyone member of the team has done their part with utmost dedication anddiligence. We are also thankful to the support given by the National Universityof Singapore and the Nanyang Technological University and the various
sponsors, including the Singapore Tourism Promotion Board.
Last but not least, we wish all our attendees a fruitful conference; and to theparticipants from overseas, we also wish you an enjoyable and memorable stayin Singapore.

2

Message From Organizing Committee Chairs

T

he IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering andEngineering Management is being held at the Furama River Front
Hotel, Singapore from December 2 through 5, 2007. Recognizing the
rapid globalization of our profession and the emerging economies of Asia, thetheme of IEEM’2007 is “Connecting Asia with the rest of the world”.
This conference was inaugurated in 1994 with the objective of promoting
the exchange of ideas and collaboration among industrial engineers andengineering managers in different countries. With the dynamic changes in theindustrial engineering and engineering management professions around theworld, this conference is geared toward providing a forum to disseminate, toall branches of the service and manufacturing industries, information on themost recent and relevant innovations, theories, and practices in the fields.

In particular, with the rapid industrialization in the Asia Pacific Region,
holding the IEEE Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management
Conference here in Singapore has much significance. There is a keen interestin this region to acquire knowledge about the theory, application, and practiceof our professions. In addition, the region has been playing an increasingly
important role in global manufacturing and supply chains. The experienceand knowledge we have gained as an active participant in the global economy
enhances our understanding of the future directions of the industrial
engineering and engineering management professions.
In this conference, we strive to make continuous improvement in the quality
and rigor of the papers and presentations. In addition to the regular review ofthe full papers, we have also invited a number of prominent speakers to makepresentations. We would like to take this opportunity to thank these invited
speakers.
We will do everything to ensure that your participation at the conference andyour stay in Singapore is free of defect. December is an exciting and pleasantperiod in Singapore. Do take the time to savor our foods and take in our sights.
Last but not least, we thank all those involved, including the sub-committeesof finance, publicity, logistics, publication, local arrangement, social events,and sponsorship. Without their contribution and dedication, this conference
could not have been successful.

Roger JIAO
Nanyang Technological University

Kay Chuan TAN
National University of Singapore

3Message From Program ChairsIt is our great pleasure to present to you the Conference Program for IEEE
IEEM2007. This is a conference that has attracted an interest far beyond our
expectation when the conference was planned. The response has been very
overwhelming. We received about 800 full paper submissions from nearly 50
countries/regions by the end of submission deadline, and we had to turn away
many requests for late submission and extension of submission deadline.
Despite of the fact that we had many more papers than expected, we managed
to arrange a rigorous review of all papers. Each paper was sent to 3-4 referees
that include two program committee members and one or two volunteer/author
referee. Some additional referees were invited later on to ensure that each paper
had at least 2-3 consistent reports. Thanks to all reviewers for their help, thereview of all papers submitted to IEEM2007 was completed quickly and final
decision was made. All authors were notified ahead of the schedule. We would
like to thank all Program/organizing committee members and other author/
volunteer reviewers for their hard work and help.
All authors of accepted papers were asked to improve their paper by incorporating
the comments from the review reports to make the paper even better. Due to thelarge number of good papers submitted to our conference, we have to be very
selective and the organizing committee has had a hard time in making the final
decision. In deed, it was done only after we pursued the other members to accept
more papers by increasing the original capacity booked by the conference.
This Conference Program is arranged based on the major topic the paper
belongs to and they present the current research and applications in each topic.
As the conference has a broad scope, and many topics have inter-disciplinary
characteristic, the grouping has been done based on authors’ preference.
You may find other papers of your interest and all papers are included in theProceedings.
We hope that this conference provides a useful forum for the exchange of researchand experience in the area of general engineering and management for people in
Asia and beyond. We hope that all of you find this conference to be inspiring andinteresting. Do encourage more people to contribute and participate in IEEM,
and help organize one in near future!

4

Martin Helander
Nanyang Technological University

Min XIE
National University of Singapore

Organizers and Committees
IEEE Engineering Management Society Singapore Chapter
IEEE Singapore Section

General Chairs
Say Wei FOO, Nanyang Technological University
Thong Ngee GOH, National University of Singapore

Organizing Committee Chairs
Roger JIAO, Nanyang Technological University
Kay Chuan TAN, National University of Singapore

Program Chairs
Martin HELANDER, Nanyang Technological University
Min XIE, National University of Singapore

Sub-committee Chairs
Finance: Zhang WU, Nanyang Technological University
Publicity: Szu Hui NG, National University of Singapore
Logistics: Siong Lin HO, Ngee Ann Polytechnic
Publication: Anil VERMA, Singapore Polytechnic
Local Arrangement: Kah Hin CHAI, National University of Singapore
Social Event: Hung Kei TANG, Nanyang Technological University
Sponsorship: Arun KUMAR, Nanyang Technological University
Tutorial: Maode MA, Nanyang Technological University

Advisory Committee
Mitchell M. TSENG (chair), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
Daniel BERG, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA
E.A. ELSAYED, Rutgers University, USA
Boaz GOLANY, Technion, Israel
Robert W. GRUBBSTRÖM, Linköping Institute of Technology, Sweden
Larry Y.C. HO, Harvard University, USA and Tsinghua University, China
Tinus PRETORIUS, Univ of Pretoria, South Africa
Ralf REICHWALD, Technical University of Munich, Germany
Gavriel SALVENDY, Purdue University, USA and Tsinghua University, China
Ue-Pyng WEN, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan

5International Technical Program Committee
ChairsMartin HELANDER, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Min XIE, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Members
Amir Nasser AKHAVAN, Amirkabir University of Technology, IranSuprasad AMARI, Relex Software, United States
Li BAI, Temple University, United States
Felix BELZUNCE, University of Murcia, Spain
Arijit BHATTACHARYA, The Patent Office, India
Indranil BOSE, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Miriam CAPRETZ, University of Western Ontario, Canada
Philippe CASTAGLIOLA, Université de Nantes, FranceFrank Y CHEN, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Mingchih CHEN, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taiwan
Mu-Chen CHEN, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
Shou CHEN, Hunan University, China
Ying-Chyi CHOU, Tunghai University, Taiwan
Chih-Hsing CHU, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan
Virgilio CRUZ-MACHADO, University Nova of Lisbon, PortugalMarcel DISSEL, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
Dov DORI, Technion, Israel Inst. of Technology, Israel
Afonso FLEURY, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
Martin GRUNOW, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
Hans-Otto GUENTHER, TU Berlin, Germany
Siana HALIM, Petra Christian University, Indonesia
Vernon HSU, George Mason University, United States
Sandeep JAIN, Hewlett Packard, India
Zhibin JIANG, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Pekka KESS, University of Oulu, Finland
Halimahtun M. KHALID, Damai Sciences Sdn Bhd, Malaysia
Tritos LAOSIRIHONGTHONG, Thammasat University, Thailand
Chi-Guhn LEE, University of Toronto, Canada
Loo Hay LEE, National University of Singapore, Singapore

6Tae-Eog LEE, KAIST, South Korea
Janny LEUNG, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Zhizhong LI, Tsinghua University, China
Tyrone T. LIN, National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan
Huitian LU, South Dakota State University, United States
Jerzy MICHNIK, The K. Adamiecki University of Economics in Katowice, Poland
Noor Hasnah MOIN, University of Malaya, Malaysia
Ping-Feng PAI, National Chi Nan University, Taiwan
Jeh-Nan PAN, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
Leonard PERRY, University of San Diego, United States
Alan PILKINGTON, University of London, United Kingdom
Kim Leng POH, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Leon PRETORIUS, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
P.L. Patrick RAU, Tsinghua University, China
Asif SALAM, Assumption University, Thailand
Mehmet SAVSAR, Kuwait University, Kuwait
Rainer SEIDEL, The Universtiy of Auckland, New ZealandAli SIADAT, ENSAM-LGIPM, France
Rajenlall (Raj) SIRIRAM, Dimension Data, South Africa
Ponnambalam SIVALINGA G, Monash University, Malaysia Campus, Malaysia
Ramayah T., Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
Reza TAVAKKOLI-MOGHADDAM, University of Tehran, Iran
Horst TEMPELMEIER, University of Cologne, Germany
Norbert TRAUTMANN, University of Bern, Switzerland
Jing WANG, BeiHang University, China
Yonggui WANG, Nanjing University, China
Yi-Ming WEI, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Jason WOODARD, Singapore Management University, Singapore
Bo YANG, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
Myung Hwan YUN, Seoul National University, South Korea
Zhihai ZHANG, Tsinghua University, China
Ahmed ZOBAA, Cairo University, Egypt

7

Information & Services
Visitor Information

Furama Riverfront, Singapore
405 Havelock Road
Singapore 169633
Main Tel: (65) 6333 8898
Main Fax: (65) 6733 1588
Email: riverfront@furama.com

8Floor Plan

Level 3 Floor Plan

Level 5 Floor Plan Mercury Room

9

Opening & Plenary Session
3 December, Monday, 9:00 to 10:30, Venus Ballroom
9:00 to 9:45
9:45 to 10:30

Welcom & Opening
Keynote Address:
Nano Development without Nano Management
Way KUO (University Distinguished Professor and Dean of Engineering, University of Tennessee, USA)

Plenary Session
4 December, Tuesday, 9:00 to 10:30, Venus Ballroom
9:00 to 9:45

9:45 to 10:30

Keynote Address:
The Globalisation of Manufacturing Implications for Industry Structures and Operations
Mike GREGORY (Head, Institute for Manufacturing, Cambridge University, UK)
Meet-the-editors panel

Meals & Refreshments

Lunch
3 & 4 December, Monday & Tuesday
From 12:30 to 13:30 at- Foyer, Level 3- The Square @ Furama, Level 2- Kintamani Indonesian Restaurant, Level 3

Coffee/Tea Breaks✷ 3 & 4 December, Monday & Tuesday
From 10:30 to 11:00 and 15:00 to 15:30 at the Foyer, Level 3 & 5✷ 5 December, Wednesday
From 10:30 to 11:00 at the Foyer, Level 3

Registration Hours

Admission to all sessions and hosted function requires identification.
Please wear your name badges at all times.
✷✷

2 December, Sunday
From 14:00 to 17:00 at the Foyer, Level 5
3 & 4 December, Monday & Tuesday
From 8:00 to 17:00 at the Foyer, Level 3Internet Access

Useful Telephone Numbers

Internet access is available at the Foyer, Level 3.
✷ 3 & 4 December, Monday & Tuesday
From 8:00 to 17:00✷ 5 December, Wednesday
From 8:30 to 12:00

Conference Secretariat – Meeting Matters International
Rong Rong, Gwee (Ms), Conference Manager
Tel: (65) 9125 9191 Email: info@ieem2007.org
Furama Riverfront, Singapore
405 Havelock Road Singapore 169633
Tel: (65) 6333 8898 Website: www.furama.com/riverfront/
Emergency
Ambulance: 995
Police: 999
Fire Brigade: 995

About Singapore
Tourist Hotline: 1800 736 2000
City Search: 1900 777 7777
Flight Information: 1800 542 4422

Credit Card Companies
American Express: (65) 6229 8133
Diners Club: (65) 6294 4222
JCB: (65) 6734 0096
MasterCard/ Visa: (65) 1800 345 1345

Calling for Cab Services
CitiCab: (65) 6552 2222
SMRT: (65) 6555 8888
Comfort Cablink: (65) 6552 1111

Welcome Reception, Conference Dinner & Closing
Welcome Reception
2 December, Sunday
From 14:30 to 17:00
Furama Riverfront, Mercury II & III, Level 5

Closing
5 December, Wednesday
From 12:30 to 13:30
Furama Riverfront, Venus Ballroom, Level 3

Conference Dinner
4 December, Tuesday
From 19:00 to 22:00
Furama Riverfront, Venus Ballroom, Level 3
Come join us at the conference dinner and enjoy the multi-ethnic performances specially organized for you!

10

13

Sessions.indd 1

11/13/07 2:41:16 PM

KEYNOTE PRESENTATIONSThe Globalisation of Manufacturing ‐ Implications for Industry Structures and Operations
Professor Mike Gregory
Head of Institute of Manufacturing
Cambridge University, UK

As global industry structures evolve into ever more sophisticated distributed networks
companies and governments are faced with increasingly complex strategy and policy decisions.
Drawing on a recent review of industrial trends and policies in major economies the presentation willaddress emerging patterns of design, production and service and the policies which are being
developed to address the changing industrial landscape.
Professor Mike Gregory is the Head of the Manufacturing & Management Division and the Institutefor Manufacturing at Cambridge University. After an early career in industry he was the founder
member of the manufacturing engineering group at Cambridge ‐ the forerunner of the IfM. His
research and professional interests include manufacturing strategy, technology management,international manufacturing and industrial policy. He has served on a range of government andinstitutional committees including the UK National Manufacturing Forum, Executive Committee of
ESRC Advanced Institute of Management. He served as Chairman of UK Manufacturing Professorsʹ
Forum and Chairman of the General Engineering Panel of the 2001 UK Research Assessment Exercise.
Professor Gregory is a Fellow of Churchill College and Fellow of IET.

Nano Development without Nano Management
Professor Way Kuo
University Distinguished Professor and Dean of Engineering
University of Tennessee, USA

Research and development of nano manufacturing is a driving force for strong economic
growth in the world, and some analysts predict that its impact will bring about the next industrial
revolution. However, very little actual research and development has been conducted by industrial
engineers and engineering managers to face the challenges that we are taking in the midst of the nanoera. One key reason for this dearth of development is that nano research and development present aninterdisciplinary subject that heavily involves new physics phenomena and statistics and industrial
engineers are not prepared for the new move. In many ways, the community of IEEM is still taking
the strategies of the old paradigm of being efficient and being less technology relevant. All theseissues will be addressed in this talk. The talk will start with a historical overview of technologies andthe relevance of industrial engineering to the society in the past as well as the future challenges that
we face today.
Professor Way Kuo is University Distinguished Professor and Dean of Engineering at The Universityof Tennessee, and an Honorary Professor of National Chiao Tung University in Taiwan. Previously, he
was holder of Wisenbaker Chair of Engineering in Innovation and Executive Associate Dean ofEngineering at Texas A&M University and was with Bell Labs and Iowa State University. He is
recognized as one of the principal scholars responsible for developing cost‐effective methodologies
for reducing the infant mortality in the fast‐evolving microelectronics industry. Dr. Kuo is an elected
member of the US National Academy of Engineering, Academia Sinica (National Academy of
Science), Taiwan, and the International Academy for Quality. He is Fellow of IEEE, IIE, INFORMS,
ASQ, and also Honorary Professor of Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Xian Jiao Tong University in
China.

14

15

Sessions.indd 2

11/13/07 2:41:33 PM

Technology and Knowledge
Management (1)Technology and Knowledge
Management (2)Technology and Knowledge
Management (3)Session A (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Room: Venus I

Session B (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Room: Venus I

Session C (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Room: Venus I

Chairs:Chairs:Chairs:

Tritos Laosirihongthong
Kah‐Hin Chai

Abstracts: See page 40▪

Disruptive Innovations and the
Greying Market▪

Abstracts: See page 42

▪

▪

2

The Matching between Types ofKnowledge and Organizational
Learning Styles and theTransformation of theRelationship in the Process from
Imitation to Innovation
Xiao Zhang1, Fan Feng1, Jia Li1
1Nanjing University, China▪

▪

Chiao Tzu Huang1, Ching‐Jen Huang1,
Wei‐Ling Wang1
1National Chin‐Yi University of Technology,
Taiwan

▪

▪

▪

▪

▪

Vertical Disintegration and
Entrepreneurial Opportunities:
An Historic Analysis of the
Broadcasting Sector▪

Using Modified TAM to Examine
the Software Engineers’ Attitude
on Computer Software Patents
Shu‐Min Chang1, Shann‐Bin Chang2
1Nan Kai Institute of Technology, Taiwan
2Ling Tung University, Taiwan▪

A Process Model for Applicationof TRIZ
Wenyan Zhao1, Huangao Zhang2, Ping
Jiang2, Runhua Tan2
1Tianjin University & Hebei University ofTechnology, China
2Hebei University of Technology, China▪

Factors in Innovative Search
Strategy for External Knowledge
SourcesJun Li1, Xinmin Peng2, Yingbo Zhou1,
Yuan Sun1, Shuquan Ding1
1Zhejiang University, China
2Zhejiang Wanli Universiy, China▪

Modelling the Efficiency ofKnowledge Economies in the
Asia Pacific: a DEA Approach
Hui boon Tan1, Chee Wooi Hooy2,
Sardar Islam3, Alex Manzoni3
1Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
2University of Malaya, Malaysia
3Victoria University, Australia

Knowledge Management System
Architecture for Industry Cluster
Pradorn Sureephong1, Nopasit
Chakpitak1, Yacine Ouzrout2, Gilles
Neubert2, Abdelaziz Bouras2
1Chiang Mai University, Thailand
2University Lumiere Lyon2, France

Information Seeking Behavior of
R&D Professionals in New
Product Development
Bin Guo1, Haiqiu Li1
1Zhejiang University, China

An Empirical Investigation of theKnowledge Management
Strategic Alignment Model
Yue‐Yang Chen1, Hui‐Ling Huang2,
Tsai‐Pei Liu3
1I‐Shou University, Taiwan
2Shu‐Te University, Taiwan
3Kao Fong College, Taiwan▪

▪

Determinants of Job Satisfactionin the IT Industry
Fethi Calisir1, Cigdem Altin Gumussoy1
1Istanbul Technical University, Turkey

Research on Rapid Design
Process Model of Large‐scale
valve for Product Innovation
Xiang‐dong Li1, Runhua Tan1, Lixiao
Geng1, Bojun Yang1
1Hebei University of Technology, China

Service Innovation Efficiency
Evaluation on Non‐life Insurance
Industry in Taiwan
Chin‐Huang Lin1, Ho‐Li Yang2, Dian
Yan Liou3
1Chung Hua University, Taiwan
2Chung Hua University, National United
University, Taiwan
3Yu Da College of Business, Taiwan

Vertically Integrated Market
Structure of Communications
Industry and Future Horizontal
Market Structure
Muhammad Khalil Shahid1, Jie Ren1,
Shoulian Tang1
1Beijing University of Posts &Telecommunications, China

Knowledge Creation and
Diffusion in Innovation
Networks by System Viewpoint
Dian Yan Liou1, Justin. D. Liou2
1Yu Da College of Business, Taiwan
2The Pennsylvania State University, UnitedStatesNetworking, Absorptive
Capacity, Science Parks ~ A
Proposed Conceptual Model for
Firm Innovative Performance

Construction of an Automatic
Inspection System with
Capability of Identifying Color
Characteristics of ProductSelling New Technologies;
Making a Convincing Business
Case
Marcel Dissel1, David Probert1, Lüder
Tockenbürger2
1University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
2Steinbeis Hochschule Berlin, Germany

Kai‐Ying Chan1, Tinus Pretorius1
1University of Pretoria, South Africa▪

Marcel Dissel
Leon Pretorius

Abstracts: See page 41

F. Kohlbacher , C C Hang
1German Institute for Japanese Studies,Japan
2National University of Singapore,
Singapore1

Shann‐Bin Chang
Kai‐Ying Chan▪

Jeffrey Funk
1National University of Singapore,
Singapore
1

Application‐Oriented Technology
Valuation: Examples from the
Semiconductor Industry
Chun‐Teh Lee1, Ching‐Torng Lin1
1Dayeh University, Taiwan▪

Integration of Customer BasedFeatures in Digital Mock‐ups
Heiner Lasi1, Henning Baars1,
Hans‐Georg Kemper1
1Universität Stuttgart, Germany

16

Safety and Security

Human Factors (1)Human Factors (2)Session A (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Room: Venus II

Session B (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Room: Venus II

Session C (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Room: Venus II

Chairs:Chairs:Chairs:Zhizhong Li
Zahid Qureshi

Bor‐Shong Liu
Martin Helander

Assed Haddad
Kay Chuan Tan

Abstracts: See page 43

Abstracts: See page 44

Abstracts: See page 45

▪

▪

▪

An Application of the RelevanceMatrix Methodology in
Occupational Risk Evaluation
Assed Haddad1, Daniel DeSouza2
1Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
2North Fluminense State University, Brazil▪

Risk Assessment of Ship
Navigation Using Bayesian
Learning
Shenping Hu1, Cunqiang Cai1, Quangen
Fang1
1Shanghai Maritime University, China▪

Modeling Industrial Safety: A
Sociotechnical Systems
Perspective
Zahid Qureshi1, Muhammad Ashraf1,
Yousef Amer1
1University of South Australia, Australia▪

▪

Vanchai Laemlaksakul1, Sittichai
Kaewkuekool2
1King Mongkutʹs Institute of Technology
North Bangkok, Thailand
2King Mongkutʹs Institute of Technology
Thonburi, Thailand▪

▪

A Comparative Study ofAnti‐Phishing Preparedness ofHong Kong and Singapore Banks▪

RSA‐based Secure Electronic
Cash Payment System
Yun Ling1, Yiming Xiang1, Xun Wang1
1Zhejiang Gongshang University, China▪

▪

Study on Structure Dimension ofIntellectual Employees’
Psychological Contract in Hi‐techCompanies in China

Influence of Control Modes andComplexity on Performance ofManual‐control Spacecraft
Rendezvous and Docking

Qianyi Zhao , Song Xu , Zhizhong Li ,L. Wang1
1Tsinghua University, China
1

A Pilot Measurement of
Head‐Related Transfer Function
Blur in Spatial Localization
Song Xu1, Liang Zeng1, Zhizhong Li1,
Changdong Tian1, Gavriel Salvendy1
1Tsinghua University, China▪

A Study of Morphological
Influence on Head‐Related
Transfer Functions
Song Xu1, Zhizhong Li1, Liang Zeng1,
Gavriel Salvendy1
1Tsinghua University, China▪

Road Hazard Reaction Testing
Using Driving Simulation: theNovice vs. the Experienced
Drivers
Ying Wang1, Peng Peng1, Lijun Liang1,
Wei Zhang1, Su Wu1
1Tsinghua University, China▪

A Comparative Study of MusicalNavigation Methods for Visually
Impaired Users of GUI Systems
1

A Study Of the Consistence ofSubjective Rating for
Icon‐Background Color
Combinations for Small
Computer Icons
Shih‐Miao Huang1
1National Formosa University, Taiwan

Yijing Zhang1, Yongzhong Xu2, J. Li3,
Zhizhong Li1, Su Wu1
1Tsinghua University, China
2China Astronaut Research & Training
Center, China
3China Astronaut Research and Training
Center, China▪

Mobile Search: How to Present
Search Results for Older Users
Ronggang Zhou1, Hitomi Sato2, Qin
Gao1, P.L. Patrick Rau1, Yoko Asano2,
Kaori Fujimura2, Fan Gao1, Harumi
Saito2
1Tsinghua University, China
2Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Co., Japan

Construction of Online Game
Addiction Based on Player
Experience

Liying Wang1, Jin Chen2, Lixin Zhou3
1Zhejiang University & China Jiliang
University, China
2Zhejiang University, China
3Hangzhou Centre of China Quality
Certification Centre, China

Indranil Bose1, Alvin Leung1
1The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong▪

▪

Hua Qin1, P.L. Patrick Rau1, Hao‐qin
Zhong1
1Tsinghua University, China▪

Characteristics of Speeders on
Freeway Ramps
Bor‐Shong Liu1, Chien‐Hung Lo1
1St. Johnʹs University, Taiwan

Semi‐autonomous Groups
Application in Brazil: A
Survey‐based Approach
Paulo Eduardo Simonetti1, Roberto
Marx1
1University of Sao Paulo, Brazil

The Effect of Competitiveness on
Occupational Safety
Päivi Hämäläinen1
1Tampere University of Technology, Finland

The Effect of Feedforward
Training to Improve Inspector
Performance

User Perceived Quality of Online
Social Information Services: From
the Perspective of Knowledge
Management
Yusen Dai1, Qin Gao1, Zao Fan1, Ruogu
Kang1
1Tsinghua University, China

1▪

An Empirical Study on the
Influencing Factors ofEffectiveness of Strategic
Decision‐Making and Its Relation
with Performance Improvement:
Evidence from China
Bei Hu1, Jiajun Gu1
1Huazhong University of Science &Technology, China

17

Supply Chain Management (1)Supply Chain Management (2)Supply Chain Management (3)Session A (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Room: Mercury I

Session B (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Room: Mercury I

Session C (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Room: Mercury I

Chairs:Chairs:Chairs:D.Y. Sha
Tong Shu

Noor Hasnah Moin
Christoph Schwindt

Abstracts: See page 46

Abstracts: See page 47

Abstracts: See page 48

▪

▪

▪

Service Pricing Strategy for Third
Party Logistics Corporations
Implementing VMI
Lindu Zhao1, Lei Tang1
1Southeast University, China▪

▪

Dynamic Allocation of Inventory
in an RFID enabled
Transportation Network▪

Sandeep Jain1, Rajesh Kumar2
1Hewlett Packard, India
2I2 Technologies, India▪

Selection Model and N‐tierExpansion of Collaborative
Credit‐granting Guaranty
Approaches on the Basis of AVE
Tong Shu1, Shou Chen1, Bart
MacCarthy2, Luc Muyldermans2, Kin
Keung Lai3, Shouyang Wang4
1Hunan University, China
2University of Nottingham, United
Kingdom
3City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
4Chinese Academy of Sciences, China▪

▪

Supply Chain Grounded on
Information Theory: Criterion
Weighting and Its Explication of
A Hierarchical Economic
Information Filtering Model ofSupplier Selection
Tong Shu1, Shou Chen1, Bart
MacCarthy2, Luc Muyldermans2, Kin
Keung Lai3, Shouyang Wang4
1Hunan University, China
2University of Nottingham, United
Kingdom
3City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
4Chinese Academy of Sciences, China▪

Supplier Selection Using RoughSet Theory
Betty Chang1, Hsu‐Feng Hung2,
Chih‐Chung Lo3
1National Chen‐Chi University, Taiwan
2National Ilan University, Taiwan
3Fo Guang University, Taiwan

Supply Chain Grounded on
Information Theory: A
Hierarchical Economic
Information Filtering Model ofSupplier Selection
Tong Shu1, Shou Chen1, Bart
MacCarthy2, Luc Muyldermans2, Kin
Keung Lai3, Shouyang Wang4
1Hunan University, China
2University of Nottingham, United
Kingdom
3City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
4Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Supply Chain Risk Analysis with
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps
Orhan Feyzioglu1, Gulcin Buyukozkan1,
Mehmet Sakir Ersoy1
1Galatasaray University, Turkey

A Simulation and Prediction
Model to enhance e‐Service
Sharing and SCM Market
Competition▪

A Hybrid Fuzzy Clustering PSO
Algorithm for a Clustering
Supplier Problem

Alignment Strategies of AMT
with E‐Commerce Setting to
Improve Business Strategy in the
Supply Chain Operations
Environment ‐ An EmpiricalStudy
D.Y. Sha1, P.K. Chen2, Yung‐Hsin Chen3
1Chung Hua University, Taiwan
2National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
3Asia University, Taiwan

▪

▪

▪

Can Learning Intelligence
Outperforms Information
Sharing in Supply Chain
Performances ‐ An Order Arrival
Prediction Perspective
Kune‐muh Tsai1, Feng‐Chin Chou2,
Wen‐chen Chen1
1National Kaohsiung First University of
Science & Technology, Taiwan
2Wu Feng Institute of Technology, Taiwan

Simulation of Order Schedulingunder Hybrid Order Fulfillment
Strategy
Uwe Clausen1, Ling Zhou1, Sandeep B.
Khot1, Bernhard Heimann1
1Dortmund University, Germany▪

Selection of Potential 3PL
Services Providers Using TOPSIS
with Interval Data
M.N. Qureshi1, Dinesh Kumar1, Pradeep
Kumar1
1Indian Institute of Technology, India▪

Implementing Design for Six
Sigma for Supply Chain Design
Yousef Amer1, Lee Luong1, Sang‐Heon
Lee1, William Y C Wang1, Muhammad
Ashraf1, Zahid Qureshi1
1University of South Australia, Australia▪

Research on the Problem of
Deteriorating Items
Multi‐warehouse
Qing Tian1, Sheng‐lu Zhang1
1Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen
Graduate School, China▪

Employing Genetic Algorithms to
Minimise the Bullwhip Effect in a
Supply Chain
Jianping Lu1, Paul Humphreys1, Ronan
McIvor1, Liam Maguire1
1University of Ulster, United Kingdom▪

Trust Evaluation Model for
Fractal‐based Virtual Enterprises
Using Goal Achivement
Probability
Jungtae Mun1, Moonsoo Shin1,
Kyunghuy Lee2, Mooyoung Jung1
1POSTECH, South Korea
2Daejeon University, South Korea

Sourcing from China – The
Challenges of Swiss Companies
Josef Oehmen1, Robert Alard1, Philipp
Bremen11ETH Zurich, Switzerland

Minimum Cost Delivery Problem
in Intermodal Transportation
Networks
Haiqing Song1, Gongyu Chen2
1National University of Singapore,
Singapore
2Sun Yat‐Sen University, China

Johannes K. Chiang1, Kiekang Chao1
1MIS, National Chengchi University,
TaiwanEsmaeil Mehdizadeh1, Reza
Tavakkoli‐Moghaddam2
1Islamic Azad University, Qazvin Branch,
Iran
2University of Tehran, Iran18

Ching‐Jung Ting
Young Park▪

A Fuzzy Association Rules
Mining Approach for Modeling
Agility in Supply Chains
Vipul Jain1, Lyes Benyoucef1
1INRIA‐France, FranceOperations Research andApplication (1)Operations Research andApplication (2)Operations Research andApplication (3)Session A (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Room: Mercury II

Session B (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Room: Mercury II

Session C (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Room: Mercury II

Chairs:Chairs:Chairs:Huifen Chen
Seok Ho Chang

Gopinath Chattopadhyay
Huei‐Fu Lu

Stein W. Wallace
Hamed Shakouri G.

Abstracts: See page 49

Abstracts: See page 50

Abstracts: See page 51

▪

▪

▪

Sensitivity of Manufacturer andBuyer’s Risks for Lifetime
Warranty Policies
Anisur Rahman1, Gopinath
Chattopadhyay2
1Griffith University, Australia
2Central Queensland University, Australia▪

Incorporating Probabilistic Fuzzy
Sets into the Newsvendor Modelwith Hybrid Data

Ching‐Feng Wen1, Yung‐Yih Lur2
1Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
2Vanung University, Taiwan▪

Analysis of an Unreliable Batch
Machine and a Finite Buffer Fed
by an Unreliable Single‐Item
Machine: Partial Batches
Seok Ho Chang1, Stanley Gershwin2
1Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore
2Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
United States

▪

▪

▪

A Robust Optimization Model for
BTO Manufacturing Revenue
Management

Disjunctive and Time‐indexed
Formulations for Non‐preemptive
Job Shop Scheduling with
Resource Availability Constraints
Sadia Azem1, Riad Aggoune2, Stephane
Dauzere‐Peres3
1ENSM Saint‐Etienne, Luxembourg
University, France
2Luxembourg University, Luxembourg
3ENSM Saint‐Etienne, France▪

Design Considerations of
Terrestrial Communications
System▪

Investigation on the short‐termvariations of Electricity Demand
due to the Climate Changes via a
Hybrid TSK‐FR Model

Implementation of Particle
Swarm Optimization inConstruction of Optimal Risky
Portfolios▪

Critical Routes Determination for
Emergency Transportation
Network aftermath Earthquake▪

▪

360 Degree Personnel
Performance Appraisal Using the
MADM Models and Presenting a
Model for overall Ranking
Mohammad Anisseh1, Javad
Dodangeh2, Fatemeh Piri3, Mohammad
Ali Dashti2
1University Electrical & Computer ResearchCenter, Iran
2Islamic Azad University, Iran
3Azad University, Karaj Branch, Iran

Modeling of Energy Efficiency
Indicator for Semiconductor
Industry
Li‐Ming Wu1, Bai‐Sheng Chen2
1Ching Yun University, Taiwan
2Takming University of Science &Technology, Taiwan

Modified Value Iteration for
Chemotherapy Scheduling
Optimization
Yifan Liu1, Hui Jiang2, Zheng Su3
1George Mason University, United States
2Stanford University, United States
3State University of New York at
Stonybrook, United States

Afshin Shariat Mohaymany1, Nasim
Pirnazar1
1Iran University of Science & Technology,
Iran▪

Multi‐response Grinding Process
Functional Approximation and Its
Influence on Solution Quality ofa Modified Tabu Search
Indrajit Mukherjee1, Pradip Kumar Ray2
1Bengal Engineering & Science University,
Shibpur, India
2Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur,
India

Mohammad Ali Dashti1, Yaghob
Farjami1, Ahmad Vedadi1, Mohammad
Anisseh2
1Islamic Azad University, Iran2University Electrical & Computer ResearchCenter, Iran▪

Optimization of Fuzzy Relational
Equations with a Linear Convex
Combination of Max‐min andMax‐average Compositions
Yan‐Kuen Wu1, Wen‐Wei Yang1
1Vanung University, Taiwan

Hamed Shakouri G.1, Reza Nadimi1
1University of Tehran, Iran

Li Li1, Rongqiu Chen1, Xiang Zhang2,
Xiangzhi Bu1
1Huazhong University of Science &Technology, China
2Beijing Institute of Technology, China▪

A Model of Placing a Liaison in
the Same Level of a Pyramid
Organization Structure

A Common Weighted
Performance Evaluation Process
by Using Data Envelopment
Analysis Models
Ching‐Hsiang Lai1, Meng‐Ying Wei1
1Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan

Kiyoshi Sawada1
1University of Marketing & Distribution
Sciences, Japan

Huei‐Fu Lu1
1Aletheia University, Taiwan▪

A Numerical Method for Solving
a Class of Continuous‐time Linear
Programming Problems▪

Young C. Park
1Baekseok University, South Korea
1

Study on Plan of Track Lines inMarshalling Station
Shidong Wang1, Li Zheng1, Zhihai
Zhang1
1Tsinghua University, China▪

A Decision Support System for
the Reserve Bank of India to
Forecast Currency requirements
at Currency Chests
Chandra Sunil Kumar Ch.S.N.1,
Narendran T.T.1
1Indian Institute of Technology Madras,
India

▪

Artificial Immune Systems forIntelligent Nurse Rostering
Chih‐Chung Lo1, Chih‐Chang Lin1,
Cheng‐Tzu Wang2, Ting‐Jung Dai3,
Dominic Wong1
1Fo Guang University, Taiwan
2National Taipei University of Education,
Taiwan3Hong Cheng International Technology Inc.,
Taiwan19

Decision Analysis and Methods (1)Decision Analysis and Methods (2)Decision Analysis and Methods (3)Session A (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Room: Mercury III

Session B (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Room: Mercury III

Session C (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Room: Mercury III

Chairs:Chairs:Chairs:Ming‐Lang Tseng
Miaoling Wang

Ikou Kaku
Haiqing SongJiuping Xu
Felix Wriggers

Abstracts: See page 52

Abstracts: See page 53

Abstracts: See page 54

▪

▪

▪

A Class of Fuzzy RoughInventory Model and Its
Application
Lihui Zhao1, Jiuping Xu1
1Sichuan University, China▪

Applying SVM to Build Supplier
Evaluation Model ‐ Comparing
Likert Scale and Fuzzy Scale
Chun F. Hsu1, Betty Chang2, Hsu‐Feng
Hung3
1National Taiwan University, Taiwan
2National Chen‐Chi University, Taiwan
3National Ilan University, Taiwan▪

A Class of Facility Location
Model and Its Application
Yuan Zhang1, Jiuping Xu1
1Sichuan University, China

A HMM Based Method for
Selecting the Solution of
Function Module
Xiansheng Qin1, Wendan Wang1,
Xiutian Yan2, Jing Bai1, Shurong Tong1
1Northwestern Polytechnical University,
China
2University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom▪

Research on FTOPSIS Model ofThreat Synthetic Evaluation in
Multi‐target Tracing System

Modeling and Deriving Strategic
Logistic Measures

Dynamic Stochastic Programmingfor Asset Allocation Problem
Haiqing Song1, Huei‐Chuen Huang2
1National University of Singapore,
Singapore
2Sun Yat‐Sen University, China

▪

▪

▪

A Multiplicative Optimization
Model for Constructing
Composite Indicators▪

An Integrated
Theory‐Of‐Constraints
Amitava Ray1, Bijan Sarkar1, Subir
Sanyal1
1Jadavpur University, India

▪

▪

▪

Technology Assessment as
Guidance to Business
Management of New
Technologies
Mei‐Chen Lo1, Jerzy Michnik2, Li‐Ping
Cheng3
1National United University, Taiwan
2The K. Adamiecki University of Economics
in Katowice, Poland
3Hung‐Hwa Institution for Economic
Research, Taiwan▪

An AHP/DEA Hybrid Model for
Measuring the Relative Efficiency
of Energy Efficiency Technologies
Seongkon Lee1, Gento Mogi2, Sungchul
Shin1, Jongwook Kim1
1Korea Institute of Energy Research, South
Korea
2The University of Tokyo, JapanA Fuzzy Approach for Multilevel
Multiobjective Programming
Problems and the Concept ofGeneralized Lambda‐Extreme
PointsHitoshi Yano1
1Nagoya City University, Japan

Modeling Software Integration
Scenarios for
Telecommunications Operations
Software Vendors
Oleksiy Mazhelis1, Pasi Tyrväinen1,
Erkki Viitala2
1University of Jyväskylä, Finland
2Comptel Oyj, Finland

Optimal Pricing Strategies forGreen Products Based on
Win‐Win Concept
Miaoling Wang1
1Ming‐Hsin University of Science &Technology, Taiwan

1Peng Zhou1, Beng Wah Ang1, Kim Leng
Poh1, Liwei Fan1
1National University of Singapore,
Singapore

ERP Sandtable Simulation
Evaluation Based on ANP
Ran Bi1, Jinyu Wei1, Rui Chen1
1Tianjin University of Technology, China▪

Felix Wriggers , Tim Busse , Peter
Nyhuis1
1Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Germany
1▪

Wendan Wang1, Xiansheng Qin1,
Xiutian Yan2, Shurong Tong1, Quanyou
Sha1
1Northwestern Polytechnical University,
China
2University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom

Baihe Wang1, Jianguo Huang1,
Xiansheng Qin1, Zhenhua Yan1, Jing Bai1
1Northwestern Polytechnical University,
China

▪

Developing a Systematic Method
for Constructing the Function
Platform of Product Family

Financial Characteristics andPrediction on Targets of M&A
Based on SOM‐Hopfield Neural
Network
Hongjiu Liu1, Huimin Chen1, Yanrong
Hu1
1Changshu Institute of Technology, China▪

A Scheduling‐specific ModelingApproach for Real World
Scheduling
Jacomine Grobler1, Andries P.
Engelbrecht1
1University of Pretoria, South Africa▪

Fuzzy DEA Model Based on
Cloud Theory
Wu Liao1, Yun xiang Chen1, Kun Li1
1Air Force Engineering University, China▪

Applying the Real Options
Approach to an Optimal
Multi‐stage Acquisition Model
Tyrone T. Lin1, Chie Bein Chen2,
Chin‐Tsai Lin3, Te‐Hsien Liu1
1National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan
2Takming College, Taiwan
3Yuanpei University, Taiwan

20

E‐Business and E‐Commerce (1)E‐Business and E‐Commerce (2)Advanced Statistical Process Control

Session A (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Room: Jupiter I

Session B (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Room: Jupiter I

Session C (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Room: Jupiter I

Chairs:Chairs:Chairs:Indranil Bose
Wan Mei Soon

Virgilio Cruz‐Machado
G. Gunawan

Philippe Castagliola
Zhang Wu

Abstracts: See page 55

Abstracts: See page 56

Abstracts: See page 57

▪

▪

▪

An Intelligent Agent‐based
Collaborative Workflow forInter‐enterprise PCB Product
DesignChing‐Jen Huang1, Li‐Man Liao1
1National Chin‐Yi University of Technology,
Taiwan▪

Does Business Format Matter?
Performance Measurement andInternet Retail Format▪
▪

Using UTAUT to Explore the
Behavior of 3G Mobile
Communication Users
Yu‐Lung Wu1, Yu‐Hui Tao2, Pei‐Chi
Yang3
1I‐Shou University, Taiwan
2National University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan
3I‐shou University, Taiwan

▪

▪

▪

A Study of Collaborative ProductCommerce by Co‐citation
Analysis and Social Network
Analysis
Chyan Yang1, Szu‐Hui Wu1, Joahanna
Lee1
1National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan

An Empirical Study on
Influencing Factors of Enterprise
Recruiter’s Conditional Brand
Choice of E‐recruiting Provider
Yuan Sun1, Hsin‐Chuan Chou1, Xinmin
Peng2, Guilin Guo1, Fangwen Zhu3, Kai
Wang1, Ying Zhang1
1Zhejiang University, China
2Zhejiang Wanli Universiy, China
3Fudan University, China

Investigating Customers’
Decision to Accept E‐banking
Services
Mostafa Mesgari Mashhadi1, Maryam
Tofighi2, Vahid Salamat3
1Member of Young Researchers Club
(Islamic Azad University), Iran
2Shahid Beheshti University, Iran
3University of Greenwich, United Kingdom

HPRS: A Profitability Based
Recommender System
Mu‐Chen Chen1, Long‐Sheng Chen2,
Fei‐Hao Hsu3, Yuanjia Hsu4, Hsiao‐Ying
Chou3
1National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
2Chaoyang University of Technology,
Taiwan3National Taipei University of Technology,
Taiwan4High Tech Computer Corp., Taiwan▪

▪

Can a Variable Be Monitored byan np Chart Effectively?
Zhang Wu1
1Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore▪

The Efficiency of the EWMA
Capability Chart
Philippe Castagliola1, Kerstin Vannman2
1IRCCyN UMR CNRS 6597 & Universitéde Nantes, France
2Lulea University of Technology, Sweden▪

Recent Development ofRecommender Systems

Consumersʹ Perceptions ofUncertainty and Risk Factors
Related to Electronic Insurance
Services

Comparisons of the Symmetricand Asymmetric Control Limits
for Xbar Charts
Huifen Chen1, Wei‐Lun Kuo1
1Chung‐Yuan University, Taiwan

The Average Run Length of
Shewhart Style Control Chart
under Normal Fuzzy Random
Environments with Trapezoidal
Membership Function
Sayi Thoutou1, Renkuan Guo1,
Chun‐Yuan Cheng2, Tim Dunne1
1University of Cape Town, South Africa
2Chaoyang University of Technology,
TaiwanCheng‐Ting Wu1, Hsiao‐Fan Wang1
1National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan▪

A Model‐Free Design of Xbar
Charts for Unknown
Autocorrelated Processes
Yuyen Cheng1, Huifen Chen1
1Chung‐Yuan University, Taiwan

Song‐Kyoo Kim1
1Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd, South Korea

G. Gunawan1
1University of Surabaya, Indonesia▪

Stochastic Management for
Randomly Broken Multi‐channel
Servers for E‐commerce
Applications▪

Sanna Nenonen1, Jouni Kivistö‐Rahasto1
Tampere University of Technology, Finland

The Effect of Measurement Erroron the Performance of the
CUSUM Control Chart
Petros Maravelakis1
1University of the Aegean, Greece

1▪

The EWMAST Control Chartswith Estimated Limits: Properties
and Recommendations
Giovanna Capizzi1, Guido Masarotto1
1University of Padua, Italy▪

Economic Design of Integrated
Time‐Between‐Events Chart
System with Independent Quality
Characteristics
Haiyun Zhang1, Min Xie1, Thong Ngee
Goh1, Mohammad Shamsuzzaman1
1National University of Singapore,
Singapore21

Project Management (1)Project Management (2)Project Management (3)Session A (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Room: Jupiter II

Session B (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Room: Jupiter II

Session C (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Room: Jupiter II

Chairs:Chairs:Chairs:Yongyi Shou
Amnon Gonen

Hamdi Bashir
Hongbo Wang

Chung‐Yang Chen
Jia Da Tang

Abstracts: See page 58

Abstracts: See page 59

Abstracts: See page 60

▪

▪

▪

An Approach for Testing the
Feasibility of Decomposing
Interdependent Design Tasks forConcurrent Engineering
Hamdi Bashir1, Khalid AlZebdeh1, Jamil
Abdo1
1Sultan Qaboos University, Oman▪

Using Robust Portfolio Modelingfor Selecting of New ProductDevelopment Projects ‐ A Case
Study

Hossein Iranmanesh1, Monire Jalili2,
Zhila Pirmoradi3
1University of Tehran, Institute for Trade
Studies & Research, Iran
2Mapna/University of Tehran, Iran
3University of Tehran, Iran▪

Adel Feyz1, Hossein Iranmanesh2
1University of Tehran, Iran2University of Tehran, Institute for Trade
Studies & Research, Iran▪

The Assessment of Bidding
Strategy of Iranian Construction
Firm

Estimating Design Effort in
Product Development: A Case
Study at Pratt & Whitney Canada
Adil Salam1, Nadia Bhuiyan1, Gerard
Gouw1, Syed Asif Raza2
1Concordia University, Canada
2CRT, University of Montreal, Canada▪

▪

A Preliminary Study of Meeting
Flow Management for Software
Project Development: thePrototype (MfPMIS)
Chung‐Yang Chen1, Keng‐Hui Chao2,
Pei‐Chi Chen3
1National Central University, Taiwan
2Chang Gung University, Taiwan
3Trend Micro Incorporated, Taiwan▪

A New Formula to “Estimate atCompletion” of a Projectʹs Timeto Improve “Earned ValueManagement System”
Hossein Iranmanesh1, Navid Mojir2,
Salman Kimiagari2
1University of Tehran, Institute for Trade
Studies & Research, Iran2University of Tehran, Iran

Differing Roles of Axiomatic
Design and Design Structure
Matrix in Reducing System
Complexity
Yee Soon Lim1
1Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore

A Team Building Approach forCompetency Development
Onanong Hlaoittinun1, Eric Bonjour1,
Maryvonne Dulmet1
1Université de Franche‐Comté, Besançon,FranceBehzad Esmaeeli1, Mehdi
Ravanshadnia1, Mohammad Taghi
Banki1
1Amirkabir University, Iran▪

Developing a New Structure for
Determining Time Risk Priority
using Risk Breakdown Matrix in
EPC Projects▪

Yongyi Shou1
1Zhejiang University, China▪

▪

Parveen Farooquie1, Javed Khan1
1Aligarh Muslim University, India

A New Approach for Buffer
Sizing in Critical Chain
Scheduling
Behzad Ashtiani1, Gholam reza Jalali1,
M.Bahador Aryanezhad1, Ahmad
Makui1
1Iran University of Science & Technology,
Iran▪

Development Projects Schedulingand Design Structure Matrix
Yan‐Jun Qian1, Thong Ngee Goh1
1National University of Singapore,
Singapore▪

A Study on Program Evaluation
and Review Technology Based on
Cloud Model
Wen‐zhou Yan1, Jia Niu1, Hui‐yong Su2
1Xiʹan University of Architecture &Technology, China
2National University of Singapore,
Singapore▪

Planning with Uncertaintes for a
Heritage Building Restoration
Project in Calcutta, India

An Interpretive Structural Modelfor Project Planning and Success

Estimating Project Completion
Times ‐ Simulation and Analytic
ApproachAmnon Gonen1
1Holon Institute of Technology, Israel

Innovation and Factors affecting
the Success of NPD Projects:
Literature Explorations and
Descriptions
Supachart Iamratanakul1, Patricio
Hernandez1, Cesar Castilla1, Dragan
Milosevic1
1Portland State University, United States

Shion Guha1
1Jadavpur University, India▪

A Bi‐directional Ant Colony
Algorithm for Resource
Constrained Project Scheduling▪

Study on the Funds Allocation of
R&D Projects Base on Fuzzy
Random Programming
Laixin Liang1, Rufei Ma1, Yuyun Huang1
Central South University, China

1▪

R&D Project Management
Standardization: An Empirical
Research
Guilin Guo1, Yidong Chen2, Yuan Sun1,
Xiao‐hong Zhou1
1Zhejiang University, China
2China United Engineering Corporation,
China

22

Global Manufacturing andManagement (1)Global Manufacturing andManagement (2)The CATER System for Vehicle
Mass Customization

Session A (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Room: Jupiter III

Session B (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Room: Jupiter III

Session C (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Room: Jupiter III

Chairs:Chairs:Chairs:Ushio Sumita
Lin Gong

Abstracts: See page 61▪

Modeling Organizations Basedon Value Streams▪

Abstracts: See page 63

▪

▪

1

▪
Strategy Evolution and Market
Leaderships: New Evidences from
Semiconductor Memory Industry
Daw Ma1, Jiang Yu2
1Chung‐Hua Institution for Economic
Research, Taiwan
2University of Cambridge, United Kingdom▪

Performance Value Analysis for
the Justification of Lean
Manufacturing Systems
Anand Gurumurthy1, Rambabu Kodali1
1Birla Institute of Technology & Science,
Pilani, India

▪

▪

▪

A Method of Optimum ProductPlatform Parameters Planning

Quantifying World‐Class using
AHP for Manufacturing
Industries

▪

▪

▪

Multi‐strategies Risk
Programming for VirtualEnterprise Based on Ant Colony
Algorithm

Japanese Techniques and Indian
Manufacturing: Some Inferences
Jamal Farooquie1, Asit Mohapatra2
1Aligarh Muslim University, India
2Reliance Retail, Mumbai, India

Rambabu Kodali1, Monica Sharma1
1Birla Institute of Technology & Science,
Pilani, India▪

Customer Requirement Analysis
Based on an Analytical Kano
Model
Qianli Xu1, Roger Jiao1, Xi Yang1, Martin
Helander1, Halimahtun M. Khalid2, O.
Anders3
1Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore
2Damai Sciences Sdn Bhd, Malaysia
3Volvo Technology Corporation, Sweden▪

Management Control System on
International Outsourcing
Manufacturing
Joel Koenig1, François Geiskopf1,
Emmanuel Caillaud1, Michel Sonntag1
1Institut National des Sciences Appliquées,FranceCitarasa Engineering Model for
Affective Design of Vehicles
Martin Helander1, Hong Peng1,
Halimahtun M. Khalid2
1Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore
2Damai Sciences Sdn Bhd, Malaysia

Min Huang1, Xuejing Wu1, Fuqiang Lu1,
Xingwei Wang1
1Northeastern University, China▪

Analytical Modeling and
Evaluation of Customer Citarasa
in Vehicle Design
Roger Jiao1, Qianli Xu1, Martin
Helander1
1Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore

Impact of Skeleton Imports on
Hollowing Out Production Bases
Outside Japan
Ushio Sumita1, Rina Isogai1
1University of Tsukuba, JapanThe CATER Approach to Vehicle
Mass Customization
Halimahtun M. Khalid1, Manfred
Dangelmaier2, Tek Yong Lim1
1Damai Sciences Sdn Bhd, Malaysia
2Fraunhofer IAO, Germany

Analysis of Global
Manufacturing Top 200:
Applications of Zipf‐Mandelbrot
Law and Its Transposing Type
Qiang Wu1
1University of Science & Technology ofChina, China

Lingxuan Zhao1, Ping Jiang1, Xiaoyun
Wang1, Jianguo Ding1, Runhua Tan1
1Hebei University of Technology, China▪

The Synergetic Impact ofManufacturing Strategy
Development on Operations
Based Non‐financial Performance
Chi‐Horng Liao1, Ming‐Lang Tseng2,
Yuan Hsu Lin2, Pi Lan Ho3
1Ta‐Hwa Institute of Technology, Taiwan
2Ming‐Dao University, Taiwan
3Nanya Institute of Technology, Taiwan

Reference Process for Global
Sourcing
Robert Alard1, Josef Oehmen1, Philipp
Bremen11ETH Zurich, Switzerland▪

Halimahtun Mohd Khalid
Martin Helander

Abstracts: See page 62

Virgilio Cruz‐Machado , Jose Tavares
1UNIDEMI, FCT‐UNL, Portugal
1

Daw MaShreeshail Pharsiyawar

Semantic Analysis of Verbal
Communication in
Cross‐functional Design Team: A
Study of Driver Seat Design in an
Automotive Company
Xi Yang1, Martin Helander1
1Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore▪

Citarasa Based Vehicle Planning
System
Tek Yong Lim1, Halimahtun M. Khalid1,
Cheng Ni2
1Damai Sciences Sdn Bhd, Malaysia
2ICIDO GmbH, Germany▪

Citarasa Driven Vehicle
Configurator
Petri Helo1, Sami Kyllönen1, Roger Jiao2
1University of Vaasa, Finland
2Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore▪

Middleware Platform for
Customizable Vehicle
Reconfiguration
Pheichin Lim1, YinChai Wang1,
Narayanan Kulathuramaiyer1
1Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia

23

24

Sessions.indd 3

11/13/07 2:41:47 PM

Technology and Knowledge
Management (4)Technology and Knowledge
Management (5)Technology and Knowledge
Management (6)Session D (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Room: Venus I

Session E (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Room: Venus I

Session F (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Room: Venus I

Chairs:Chairs:Chairs:Sardar Islam
Chia‐Liang Hung

Hsiang‐Chuan Liu
Jason Woodard

Marko Torkkeli
Myung Hwan Yun

Abstracts: See page 64

Abstracts: See page 65

Abstracts: See page 66

▪

▪

▪

A New Weighting Method for
Detecting Outliers in IPA Basedon Choquet Integral
Hsiang‐Chuan Liu1, Chin‐Chun Chen2,
Der‐bang Wu3, Yu‐Du Jheng3
1Asia University, Taiwan
2Min‐Hwei College of Health CareManagement, Taiwan
3Taichung University, Taiwan▪

A Nonlinear Regression Model
Based on Choquet Integral with
ε‐Measure

Shreeshail Pharsiyawar1, Umesh
Bhushi1, Channappa Javalagi1,
Shivaprasad Dandagi2
1Basaveshwar Engineering College,
Bagalkot, India
2KLECET, India▪

Hsiang‐Chuan Liu1, Wen‐Chih Lin1, Kai
Yi Chang2, Wei‐Sheng Weng2
1Asia University, Taiwan
2Taichung University, Taiwan▪

Understanding the Behavioral
Intention to Use ERP Systems: An
Extended Technology Acceptance
Model

▪

▪

▪

Technique of Product Technology
Evolutionary Potential Mapping
Based on Patent Analysis

Research on the Mode of FirmʹsTechnology Acquisition Based on
the Growth of Technological
Capability: A Case Study

The Relationship between
High‐Technology Export and
Low‐and‐Medium‐Technology
Export: Evidence and Policy
Implications
Qiang Wu1, Juan Zhou1, Liang Liang1
1University of Science & Technology ofChina, China

Jianhui Zhang1, Huangao Zhang1,
Jianguang Sun1, Runhua Tan1
1Hebei University of Technology, China▪

A Study on the Evolution ofTechnological Capability Basedon Technology Import: A Case
From Yizheng Chemical Fiber
Company Limited
Jisheng Peng1, Wenxiang Sun2, Jinfu Lu3,
Butong Zhao4, Xiujiang Wang1
1Nanjing University, China
2Nanjing Audit University, China
3Yizheng Chemical Fiber Company Limited,
China
4Jiangsu Teachers University of Technology,
China

Knowledge Sharing in ProductDevelopment: A case study of ahigh‐tech Company in China
Xian Guo Zhang1, Jian Mei Yang1, Wei
Hu1
1South China University of Technology,
China

Technology Transfer to China in
Automobile Industry: Difference
between Japanese and Western
Firms

▪

Xinmin Peng1, Guoqing Yan2, Yingbo
Zhou3
1Zhejiang Wanli Universiy, China
2Zhejiang Wanli University, China
3Zhejiang University, China

▪

▪

▪

An Evaluation System based on
Concepts and Components of
End‐User Computing
Competency
Chui Young Yoon1, Keon Myung Lee1
1Chungbuk National University, South
Korea

▪

Knowledge management Barriers:
An Interpretive Structural
Modeling Approach
M.D Singh1, R. Kant1
1Motilal Nehru National Institute ofTechnology, Allahabad, India▪

Market Scope of Vendors in the
OSS Software Market
Lauri Frank1, Eetu Luoma1, Pasi
Tyrväinen1
1University of Jyväskylä, Finland▪

An Empirical Study on the
Relationship between Alliance
Network Environment andKnowledge Creation Capabilities
of Tech‐typed SME
Cui‐hua Wu1, Yao‐wen Xue1, Jing‐yu
Qi2, Hai‐ling Guan1
1Taiyuan University of Science &Technology, China
2Capital University of Economics &Business, China▪

Measuring the Constructs andMechanism of the Value
Co‐creation System with
Customers
Xiang Zhang1, Rongqiu Chen2, Li Li2
1Beijing Institute of Technology, China
2Huazhong University of Science &Technology, China

Recognizing the Core Technology
Capabilities for Companies
through Patent Co‐citations
Hsiao‐Chung Wu1, Hung‐Yi Chen1
1Chaoyang University of Technology,
TaiwanA Research on Coordinated
Development Relationship ofTechnical Standard, Intellectual
Property and TechnicalInnovation
Liying Wang1, Jin Chen2, Fei Cai3
1Zhejiang University & China Jiliang
University, China
2Zhejiang University, China
3Academy of Metrology Science ofZhejiang, China

Knowledge Modelling for
Supporting Decision Making in
Optimal Distributed Design
Process
Ricardo Mejía‐Gutiérrez1, Xavier
Fischer2, Fouad Bennis3
1IRCCyN‐ECN, LIPSI‐ESTIA, France
2LIPSI‐ESTIA, TREFLE‐ENSAM, France
3IRCCyN‐ECN, France

Shucheng Han1
1Wuhan University of Technology, China

Cigdem Altin Gumussoy1, Fethi Calisir1,
Armagan Bayram1
1Istanbul Technical University, Turkey▪

Technology and Productivity –Why We Get One Without the
Other?

Engineering Management orManagement of Technology? A
Bibliometric Study of IEEE TEM
Alan Pilkington1
1Royal Holloway, University of London,
United Kingdom▪

The Assessment of Innovation
Capacity of High‐Tech Industries
with the View of Sustainable
Development: An Empirical
Study in China
Chunping Liu1, Gengyou Han2
1Beijing University of Aeronautics &Astronautics, China
2Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

25

The Science in Service
Development

Service Innovation andManagement (1)Service Innovation andManagement (2)Session D (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Room: Venus II

Session E (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Room: Venus II

Session F (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Room: Venus II

Chairs:Chairs:Chairs:Kay Chuan Tan
Yonggui Wang

Tien‐Tsai Huang
Qiang Lu

Ville Ojanen
Rajenlall(Raj) Siriram

Abstracts: See page 67

Abstracts: See page 68

Abstracts: See page 69

▪

▪

▪

The Antecedents andConsequences of RelationshipStrength: A DisaggregatedApproach in the Context of a
Chinese Service Industry
Yonggui Wang1, Guicheng Shi2, Zhong
Yao3
1Nanjing University, China
2Macau University of Science & Technology,
China
3Beijing University of Aeronautics andAstronautics, China▪

Consumer Creativity,
Participation and Satisfaction:
The Influence of Domain
Knowledge in Service Context

Ville Ojanen1, Pekka Salmi1, Marko
Torkkeli11Lappeenranta Univ. of Tech., Finland▪

▪

A Survey on Six Sigma
Implementation in Singapore
Service Industries
Ayon Chakrabarty1, Kay Chuan Tan1
1National University of Singapore,
Singapore▪

Are Services Really That
Valuable? Two Diverse Cases inan Intra‐Company Technology
Transfer Setting
Henry Kostamovaara1, Marko
Seppänen1
1Tampere University of Technology, Finland▪

Services Science, Management,
and Engineering: A Literature
Review in the Perspective ofManagement Science
Hui‐Fen Li1, Jian‐Jun Wang1, Hong‐Lei
Yu1, De‐Li Yang1
1Dalian University of Technology, China

Analyzing Customer Satisfactionand Service Level Using AI
technique

Eliminating Emergency
Department Wait by BPR
Implementation

Complexities in Managing
Technology and Operational
Driven Solutions
Rajenlall(Raj) Siriram1
1Dimension Data, South Africa

▪

▪

▪

e‐Government Reform andShared Services in Taiwan
Johannes K. Chiang1, Kenny Huang1,
Eric Yen1
1MIS, National Chengchi University,
TaiwanResearches on the Relationshipbetween Mechanism of Service
Innovation and Knowledge
Creation in the Alliance Network
Li‐cheng Ren1, Cui‐hua Wu2, Chunfeng
Chai2, Yong‐yun Zhang2, Kanliang
Wang3
1Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Taiyuan
University of Science & Technology, China
2Taiyuan University of Science &Technology, China
3Xi’an Jiao Tong University, China

Analysis of Institutional Factors
Influencing the Service
Innovation ‐ A Case of Chinese
Software Industry
Weilin Zhao1, Chihiro Watanabe1
1Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan

Strategic Logistics, a Way to
Evolve Towards a Lean
Organisation
Manuel Carrasqueira1, Virgilio
Cruz‐Machado2
1QUALISEG, Portugal
2UNIDEMI, FCT‐UNL, Portugal▪
▪

Research on Incentive
Mechanism to Promote Energy
Efficiency in Existing Buildings
Hongbo Wang1, Changbin Liu2
1Harbin Institute of Technology, China
2Beijing Institute of Civil Engineering,
China

Arun Kumar1, Sung Shim2
1Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore
2Seton Hall University, United States

Inter‐functional Coordination for
New Service Development
Qiang Lu1, Victoria da Gama2
1Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin
Institute of Technology, China
2University of Auckland, New Zealand▪

▪
▪

Evaluating Customer Satisfaction
Using Fuzzy Model Based on
Flexible Expert Weight
Tien‐Tsai Huang1
1University, Taiwan

Hsiao Ching Chen1, Hui‐Ming Wee1,
Yung‐Tsan Jou1, Yao‐Hung Hsieh1
1Chung Yuan Christian University, Taiwan

He Jia1, Yonggui Wang1
1Nanjing University, China▪

Motives, Trends and Effects in
Cross‐Border Acquisitions in the
Finnish Technical Engineering
Industry

The Interaction based Innovation
Process of Architectural Design
Service
Jingbo Zhang1, Yan Tao1
1Zhejiang University, China▪

Service Quality to Loyalty‐ Effectof Function and Facility
Vikram Singh1, Sandeep Grover1, Ashok
Kumar1
1YMCA Institute of Engineering, India▪

Correlation Among
Organizational Position Elementwith Corporate Governanceʹs
CharacterAries Susanty1, Ubuh Buchara Hidajat1
1Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia▪

Lead Using or Lead Refusing? An
Exploratory Examination of Open
Innovation Activities by Lead
Users in Mechanical Engineering
Christian Schultz1, Michael Nolting1,
Kirsti Dautzenberg1, Gordon
Müller‐Seitz1, Guido Reger1
1University of Potsdam, Germany

26Supply Chain Management (4)Supply Chain Management (5)Supply Chain Management (6)Session D (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Room: Mercury I

Session E (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Room: Mercury I

Session F (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Room: Mercury I

Chairs:Chairs:Chairs:Sun Jing
Antonio Messeni Petruzzelli

Abstracts: See page 70▪

Capacity Sourcing using a
Reservation Contract▪

Abstracts: See page 72

▪

▪

1

Purchasing Heuristic Algorithm
for Minimizing Cost Related to
By‐size Inventory in Frozen
Shrimp Industry
Supachai Pathumnakul1, Sakda
Khamjan2, Kullapapruk
Piewthongngam1
1Khon Kaen University, Thailand
2Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat
Sakonnakhon Province Campus, Thailand

▪

▪

▪

▪

A Hybrid Search Heuristic for
Supply Chain Planning with a
Multi‐Level Multi‐Item
Capacitated Lot Sizing Model

A Two‐commodity Deteriorating
Inventory Model with
Price‐dependent Demand▪

Trading options in Supply Chain
Xin Zeng , Xiaoning Jin , Qiang Wang
1London School of Economics, United
Kingdom
2Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
3National University of Singapore,
Singapore

3

Multi‐Location Inventory Systemwith Lateral Transshipments andEmergency Orders

A Combined Spatial Cluster
Analysis ‐ Traveling Salesman
problem Approach in
Location‐routing problem: A Case
Study in Iran
Mohammad Saeed Zaeri1, Jamal
Shahrabi2, Mahmood Pariazar2, Arash
Morabbi3
1Member of Young Researchers Club,
Islamic Azad University, Iran
2Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran
3Islamic Azad University, Iran

A Fuzzy Aggregate Production
Planning Model for
Make‐to‐Stock Environments
Reza Tavakkoli‐Moghaddam1, Masoud
Rabbani1, Amir Hossein Gharehgozli1,
Nima Zaerpour1
1University of Tehran, Iran▪

A Bi‐level Programming Modelfor Supplier Selection inConstructing Logistics Service
Supply Chain
Mei Guo1, JinFu Zhu1, XiuLi Zhao1
1Nanjing University of Aeronautics &Astronautics, China▪

Genetic based approach for theMulti Product Multi Period
Inventory Routing Problem
Nur Arina Bazilah Aziz1, Noor Hasnah
Moin1
1University of Malaya, Malaysia▪

Siradej Chartniyom1, Moon‐Kyu Lee2,
Lee Luong1, Romeo Marian1
1University of South Australia, Australia
2Keimyung University, South Korea

Planning for Supply Chain with
Seasonal Variable Delivery Time

2▪

Ying Feng1, X. Q. Cai2, F. S. Tu1
1Nankai University, China
2Nankai University, Chinese University ofHong Kong, China

Buyer‐Vendor Coordination
Through Quantity DiscountPolicy Under Asymmetric Cost
Information

1

Inventory Rationing in a
Capacitated System with
Backorders and Lost sales
Ying Tang1, Dongsheng Xu2, Weihua
Zhou3
1Zhejiang University of Technology, China
2Sun Yat‐Sen University, China
3Zhejiang University, China▪

Haiying Wang1, Dacheng Liu1, Hua
Ding2
1Tsinghua University, China
2Shenyang Institute of Chemical
Technology, China▪

▪

Logistics Flows Coordination in
Supply Chains Using Enterprise
Input‐Output Models
Vito Albino1, Antonio Messeni
Petruzzelli1
1Politecnico di Bari, Italy

Hyun Joon Shin1
1Sangmyung University, South Korea

Santanu Sinha1, Sarada Prasad Sarmah1
1Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur,
India

▪

A Two‐phase Algorithm for the
Manufacturerʹs Pallet Loading
Problem
Kun‐Chih Wu1, Ching‐Jung Ting1
1Yuan Ze University, Taiwan

Tradeoff Between Expected
Reward and Conditional
Value‐at‐Risk Criterion in
Newsvendor Models
Minghui Xu1, Frank Y Chen2
1Wuhan University, China
2The Chinese University of Hong Kong,
Hong Kong

Sarada Prasad Sarmah
Arun Kumar

Abstracts: See page 71

Jishnu Hazra , B Mahadevan
1Indian Institute of Management Bangalore,
India
1

Jing Wang
Szu Hui Ng

Theory of Inventive Problem
Solving (TRIZ) Applied in
Supply Chain Management ofPetrochemical Projects
Reza Movarrei1, Sara Vessal1
1Project Management R&D Center, Iran▪

A Case Study for Synchronized
Scheduling of manufacturing and
air transportation in Consumer
Electronics Supply Chain
Kunpeng Li1, Sivakumar Appa Iyer2,
Qing Fu2, Xianfei Jin2
1Huazhong University of Science &Technology, China
2Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore▪

Improving the Performance of
Manufacturer‐distributor
Partnerships Through Knowledge
Transfer – a Knowledge‐based
Perspective
Lingyun Wang1, Päivi Iskanius1, Pekka
Kess1
1University of Oulu, Finland▪

A Control Chart Design for
Supplier in View of Quality, DueTime and Cost
Sun Jing1, M. Matsui1
1The University ofElectro‐Communications, Japan

27

Operations Research andApplication (4)Operations Research andApplication (5)Operations Research andApplication (6)Session D (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Room: Mercury II

Session E (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Room: Mercury II

Session F (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Room: Mercury II

Chairs:Chairs:Chairs:Deniz Aksen
Farnaz Barzinpour

Jih‐An Chen
Joaquin Sicilia‐Rodriguez

Abstracts: See page 73

Abstracts: See page 74▪

▪

Currency Arbitrage Detection
Using A Binary Integer
Programming Model

Stein W. Wallace , Michal Kaut , Teodor
G. Crainic3, Arnt‐Gunnar Lium4
1The Chinese University of Hong Kong,
Hong Kong
2Molde University College, Norway
3University of Quebec at Montreal, Canada
4SINTEF, Norway

Wan Mei Soon1, Heng Qing Ye2
1NIE, Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore
2Hong Kong Polytechnic University,
National University of Singapore, Hong
Kong

▪

▪

Teaching and Playback Control
System for Parallel Robot for
Ankle Joint Rehabilitation
Jianguang Sun1, Jinyong Gao1, Jianhui
Zhang1, Runhua Tan1
1Hebei University of Technology, China▪

Data Construction Method forBasis Selection in RBF Networks

▪

▪

1

Analogies between Flexible Job
Shop Scheduling and Vehicle
Routing Problem
Zoulel Kouki1, B. Fayech Chaar2, S.
Hammadi2, M Ksouri1
1Ecole Nationale des Ingénieurs de Tunis,
Tunisia
2Ecole Centrale de Lille, France▪

Solving Capacitated P‐Median
Problem (CPMP) using Genetic
Algorithm
Keivan Ghoseiri1, S.Farid
Ghannadpour1
1Iran University of Science & Technology,
Iran▪

Chaos Theory and Application in
Sells Management
Mahmood Pariazar1, Jamal Shahrabi2,
Soheil Mahmoodzadeh3, Mohammad
Saeed Zaeri4
1Member of Young Researchers Club
(Islamic Azad University), Iran
2Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran
3Allameh Tabatabaee University, Iran
4Member of Young Researchers Club,
Islamic Azad University, IranPriyanka Verma1, R R K Sharma1
1Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur,
India

▪

▪

An Application of Tabu Search
Algorithm on Cost‐based Job
Shop Problem with Multiple
Objectives

Modelling Corporate Financial
Crisis Management: Optimal
Cashflow Management in SMEs
M Aba‐Bulgu1, Sardar Islam2
1MSM Loss Management, Australia
2Victoria University, Australia▪

A 2opt‐DPX Genetic Local Search
for Solving Symmetric Traveling
Salesman Problem

Vertical Decomposition Approach
To Solve Single Stage CapacitatedWarehouse Location Problems

Fuzzy Linear Regression Models
with Absolute Errors andOptimum Uncertainty
Hamed Shakouri G.1, Reza Nadimi1,
Farid Ghaderi1
1University of Tehran, Iran

A General Method to Apply
Dantzig‐Wolfe Decomposition for
Variational Inequalities withAffine Constraints

Keivan Ghoseiri1, Hassan Sarhadi1
1Iran University of Science & Technology,
Iran

▪

▪

2

William Chung1
1City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Chun‐Jung Huang , Hsiao‐Fan Wang
1National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan
1

Abstracts: See page 75

Stochastics in Discrete Logistics
Models: What Can We Do?
1

Adam Ng
Pen‐Yuan Liao

Product Development
Performance Measures in
Manufacturing Firm
Zhonghang Bai1, Peng Zhang1, Fang
Liu1, Runhua Tan1
1Hebei University of Technology, China▪

Dynamic Preventive Maintenance
Policy Based on Health Index
Wenzhu Liao1, Ershun Pan1, Lifeng Xi11Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China▪

Development of A New Modelfor the Flowshop Problem
Mostafa Mesgari Mashhadi1, Edward
Stafford2, Fan Tseng2
1University of Tehran, Iran2University of Alabama in Huntsville,
United States▪

Zhecheng Zhu1, Kien Ming Ng1, Hoon
Liong Ong1
1National University of Singapore,
Singapore

A Hybrid Optimization Methods
for Nonlinear Programming
Erwie Zahara1, Yi‐Tung Kao2, Chia
Hsin1
1St. Johnʹs University, Taiwan
2Tatung University, Taiwan▪

Realtime Dynamic Multilevel
Optimization for Demand‐Side
Load Management
Duy Long Ha1, Florent Frizon deLamotte1, Quoc Hung Huynh1
1G‐SCOP, France▪

Manufacturing Parts Sourcing
with Delayed Transportation
PolicyTugce Erkan1, Emre Sancak1, Elif
Yildirim1, Sibel Salman1
1Koc University, Turkey

28

Decision Analysis and Methods (4)Decision Analysis and Methods (5)Production Planning and Control (1)Session D (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Room: Mercury III

Session E (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Room: Mercury III

Session F (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Room: Mercury III

Chairs:Chairs:Chairs:Xiansheng Qin
Chengter HoJerzy Michnik
Shurong Tong

Kim Leng PohKuang‐Yao Wu

Abstracts: See page 76

Abstracts: See page 77

Abstracts: See page 78

▪

▪

▪

Environmental Practices for
Manufacturing Performance:
FANP Approaches
Ming‐Lang Tseng1, Yuan‐Hsu Lin1, Jui
Hsiang Chiang2, Jianhui Guo3
1Ming‐Dao University, Taiwan
2Toko University, Taiwan
3De La Salle Araneta University,
Philippines

▪

▪

▪

▪

▪

Tien‐Chin Wang1, Yu‐Chen Chiang1,
Shu‐Chen Hsu1
1I‐Shou University, Taiwan▪

An Effective Heuristic Algorithm
based on Segmentation for
Solving a Multilevel Lot‐sizing
Problem

Using AHP in Decision Analysis ‐the Case of Vietnam State
Securities Commission
Cher‐Min Fong1, Chengter Ho2, Hoang
Linh Nguyen1
1National Sun Yat‐Sen University, Taiwan
2National Kaohsiung University of Applied
Sciences, Taiwan

New Product Portfolio Selection
Using Fuzzy Logic

Applying Incomplete Linguistic
Preference Relations to a
Selection of ERP System
Suppliers

▪

▪

▪

▪

Decentralized Planning andControl for Assembly Areas
Driven by Gentelligent® Parts
Matthias Schmidt1, Philip Fronia1, Frank
Fisser1, Peter Nyhuis1
1Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Germany▪

Analytical and Heuristic
Approaches for Solving theSpatial Scheduling Problem
Piyush Raj1, Rajiv Srivastava1
1Indian Institute of Management Lucknow,
India

▪

A Bayesian Network Approach to
Job‐Shop Rescheduling
Nur Aini Masruroh1, Kim Leng Poh1
1National University of Singapore,
Singapore

A Fuzzy TOPSIS Approach with
Entropy Measure for
Decision‐Making Problem
Tien‐Chin Wang1, Hsien‐Da Lee1,
Michael C.S Chang2
1I‐Shou University, Taiwan
2I‐shou University, Taiwan

Market‐based Negotiation Modelfor Employ‐driven Distributed
Production SchedulingMoonsoo Shin1, Jungtae Mun1,
Mooyoung Jung1
1POSTECH, South Korea

Fuzzy AHP in Prioritizing
Feeders for Maintenance in
Nuclear Power Plants
Srividya A.1, Suresh H.N.1, Verma A.K.1
1Indian Institute of Technology Bombay,
India

TOC/DBR Based Production
Planning and Control in a
Manufacturing System with
Multiple System Bottlenecks
Zailin Guan1, Yunfang Peng1, XiaolingYang1, Xinyu Shao1
1Huazhong University of Science &Technology, China

Ikou Kaku1, Zhaoshi Li1, Chunhui Xu2
1Akita Prefectural University, Japan
2Chiba Institute of Technology, Japan

Ching‐Torng Lin1
1Dayeh University, Taiwan▪

The Fuzzy‐Entropy Approach forTechno‐economic Analysis of The
Green Construction
Energy‐saving Structure System

Semiconductor Production
Planning Using Robust
Optimization
Adam T.S. Ng1, John Fowler2
1National University of Singapore,
Singapore
2Arizona State University, United States

Wen‐zhou Yan1, Jia Niu1, Hui‐yong Su2
1Xiʹan University of Architecture &Technology, China
2National University of Singapore,
Singapore

Evaluation of Worker
Productivity Improvement Using
ISM and FAHP
YiLi Cheng1, Anthony SF Chiu2,
Ming‐Lang Tseng3, Yuan Hsu Lin3
1Wu Feng Institute of Technology, Taiwan
2De La Salle University, Philippines
3Ming‐Dao University, Taiwan▪

Peijun Guo1
1Yokohama National University, Japan

Prioritization of Competitive
Priority in Cleaner Production
Implementation
Yuan Hsu Lin1, Ming‐Lang Tseng1, Jui
Hsiang Chiang2, Yow Mow Chen3
1Ming‐Dao University, Taiwan
2Toko University, Taiwan
3Tunghai University, Taiwan

On Decision Criteria for
One‐Shot Decision with
Possibilistic Information▪

Process DisturbanceIdentification Using ICA‐Based
Image Reconstruction Scheme
With Neural Network
Shien‐Ping Huang1, Chih Chou Chiu2,
Deborah F. Cook3, Chi‐Jie Lu4
1Taipei College of Maritime Technology,
Taiwan2National Taipei University of Technology,
Taiwan3Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State
University, United States
4Ching Yun University, Taiwan▪

An Empirical Investigation of
Learning Curve Laws in the Tile
Manufacturing Industry
Anna Chatzimichali1, Vassilios
Tourassis1
1Democritus University of Thrace, Greece

29Systems Modeling and
Simulation (1)Systems Modeling and
Simulation (2)Systems Modeling and
Simulation (3)Session D (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Room: Jupiter I

Session E (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Room: Jupiter I

Session F (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Room: Jupiter I

Chairs:Chairs:Chairs:Jayendran Venkateswaran
Kiekang Chao

Abstracts: See page 79▪

Design Management for Project
Success▪

Abstracts: See page 81

▪

▪

2

Service‐Oriented Architecture ona Windows Cluster for
Spreadsheet Simulation

Integrated Performance
Measurement to Support
Strategic Decision Making in
Engineering Organisations
John Davis1, Alasdair MacDonald1,
Emad Marashi2
1University of Bristol, United Kingdom
2Power & Water University of Technology,
Iran▪

A Vehicle‐Target Simulation
Model for Network‐Centric Joint
Air Operations▪

Stranded on Emergency Isle:
Modeling Competition for
Cardiac Services using Survival
Analysis
Scott Levin1, Jin Han1, Dominik
Aronsky1, Chuan Zhou1, Nathan Hoot1,
Lori Kelly1, Dan France1
1Vanderbilt University, United States

A Multi‐Stage Modeling
Framework for Web Service
Composition

▪

▪

▪

▪

▪

On the Max‐Plus Linear
Representation for Event‐Varying
Systems with Buffer and Order
Constraints
Hiroyuki Goto1, Keisuke Shoji1,
Hiromasa Nagai1, Masaru Onuma1
1Nagaoka University of Technology, Japan▪

Translating Graphical Conceptualmodel from STATEMATE to
FNLOG
Leila Jemni BenAyed1, Yousra Hlaoui
BenDaly2
1Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Tunisia
2UTIC, Tunisia

A Job Shop Scheduling Approach
Based on Simulation
Optimization
Yan Yan1, GuoXin Wang1
1Beijing Institute of Technology, China

An Optimizing Applied
Algorithm for Complicatednon‐Markov Queuing Systems
via Simulation (A Case Study)
Mohamad Mahdavi1, Mojtaba Mahdavi1
1Islamic Azad University of Najafabad, Iran▪

▪

Language Integration for Model
Validation
Thouraya Bouabana‐Tebibel1
1National Institute of Computer Science,
Algeria

Designing Reusable Building
Blocks of Simulation Models for
FMS with Multi‐Sections
Kai‐Ying Chen1, Yi‐Chun Lin1, Mu‐Chen
Chen2, Cheng Tah Yeh3
1National Taipei University of Technology,
Taiwan2National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
3National Taiwan University of Science &Technology, Taiwan

Modeling Reconfigurable
Information Systems by using an
Executable Algebraic Framework
Yi Huang1, Benjamin Koo1, Li Zheng1
1Tsinghua University, China

A Conceptual Design Model
Using Axiomatic Design,
Functional Basis and TRIZ
Ruihong Zhang1, Jianzhong Cha1,
Yiping Lu1
1Beijing Jiaotong University, China

Jian Xiao1, Li Zheng1
1Tsinghua University, China

Madjid Tavana1, Nathaniel Gemelli2,
Robert Wright2
1La Salle University, United States
2Air Force Research Laboratory, UnitedStates▪

A Business Process Simulation
Environment based on Workflow
and Multi‐Agent
Haiyan Zhao1, Jian Cao2
1Shanghai University for Science &Technology, China
2Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China

Juta Pichitlamken1, Putchong
Uthayopas1, Supasit Kajkamhaeng1,
Noocharin Tippayawannakorn1
1Kasetsart University, Thailand▪

Jian Cao
Maode Ma

Abstracts: See page 80

Leon Pretorius , Arie Wessels , Alex C
Rooney2
1University of Johannesburg, South Africa
2Denel Dynamics, South Africa
1

Leon Pretorius
Yiping Lu

An Overview of Application of
System Dynamics Modeling For
Analysis of Indian Sugar
Industry
Channappa Javalagi1, Umesh Bhushi1
1Basaveshwar Engineering College,
Bagalkot, India▪

Improving Performance of a
Station and Smoothing the Exit
Rate in an Assembly Line
Amir Elmi1, Mohammad Reza
Nazabadi2
1Sharif University of Technology, Iran2Tehran University, Iran▪

Advanced Look‐ahead BasedApproach (ALBA) for Distributed
Simulation of Supply Chains
Satish Tammineni1, Jayendran
Venkateswaran1
1Indian Institute of Technology Bombay,
India

▪

Abrasive Process Machine
Simulation Model, a Discrete andContinuous Approach
Henry Gasparin1, Daniel Saloni1,
Richard Lemaster1
1NCSU, United States30

Quality and Reliability
Engineering (1)Quality and Reliability
Engineering (2)Quality and Reliability
Engineering (3)Session D (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Room: Jupiter II

Session E (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Room: Jupiter II

Session F (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Room: Jupiter II

Chairs:Chairs:Chairs:Rong Pan
Chih Wang

Abstracts: See page 82▪

Reliability‐Directed Distributed
Computer‐Aided Design System▪

Abstracts: See page 84

▪

▪

1

A Study on Software Reliability
Prediction Based on Support
Vector Machines

Software Release Optimization
for a Non‐Kalman Filter SRGM

▪

▪

▪

▪

The Effect of Dependency on the
MRL Function of RedundantSystems
Ali Zeinal Hamadani1, Azam Nasri1
1Isfahan University of Technology, Iran▪

A Weighted Loss Function
Approach to the Multivariate
RPD Problem▪

Chong Pan1, Yi‐zhong Ma1
1Nanjing University of Science &Technology, China

Faults Diagnosis Based on System
Model in a Discrete‐partMachining System
Shichang Du1, Lifeng Xi11Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China

▪

▪

▪

VSSI X‐Bar Control Charts for
Processes With Multiple
Assignable Causes
Ho‐Joong Lee1, Tae‐Jin Lim2,
Seung‐Cheol Jang1
1Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute,
South Korea
2Soongsil University, South Korea▪

A Neural Network Ensemble forClassifying Source(s) in
Multivariate Manufacturing
Processes
Jian‐Bo Yu1, Lifeng Xi11Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China▪

Speeding‐up Experiences Return
During New Productions
Industrialization
Samuel Bassetto1, Aymen Mili1, Ali
Siadat2
1INPG, France
2ENSAM‐LGIPM, France▪

A Study of Genetic Algorithm for
Project Selection for Analogy
Based Software Cost Estimation
Yanfu Li1, Min Xie1, Thong Ngee Goh1
1National University of Singapore,
Singapore

Quality Issues in Enameling ofCeramic Industry Products
Ioannis Georgilas1, Vassilios Tourassis1
1Democritus University of Thrace, Greece

D‐Optimal Reliability Test
Design for Two‐Stress
Accelerated Life Tests
Huairui Guo1, Rong Pan2
1ReliaSoft Co., United States
2Arizona State University, United States

System Performance,
Degradation, and Reliability
Assessment
Weiming Ke1, Cuirong Ren1, Kai Jin2,
Huitian Lu1
1South Dakota State University, UnitedStates2Texas A&M University Kingsville, UnitedStatesCUSUM Quality Control Chartfor Monitoring Energy Use
Performance
Vinod Puranik1
1Basaveshwar Engineering College,
Bagalkot, India

Integration of Taguchiʹs Loss
Function in the Economic Designof (x bar) ‐Control Charts with
Increasing Failure Rate and Early
Replacement
Anas Al‐Ghazi1, Khaled Al‐Shareef1,
Salih Duffuaa1
1King Fahd University of Petroleum &Minerals, Saudi Arabia

Prediction of System Reliability
for Multiple Component Repairs
Yong Sun1, Lin Ma1, Joseph Mathew1
1Queensland University of Technology,
Australia

Process Targeting ofMulti‐characteristic Product using
Fuzzy Logic and Genetic
Algorithm with an Interval Based
Taguchi Cost Function
Syed Mujahid1, Salih Duffuaa1
1King Fahd University of Petroleum &Minerals, Saudi Arabia

Xiaoyue Jiang1, Donglei Du2, Thomas
Ray1, Sean Ghazavi1
1Louisiana State University, United States
2University of New Brunswick, Canada▪

Bayesian Evaluation Approachfor Process Capability Based on
Subsamples
Huiming Zhu1, Jun Yang1, Liya Hao1
1Hunan University, China

Bo Yang1, Xiang Li2
1University of Electronic Science &Technology of China, China
2National University of Singapore,
Singapore▪

Xiaoyue Jiang
Salih Duffuaa

Abstracts: See page 83

Oleg Abramov , Yaroslava Katueva ,Dmitry Nazarov1
1Institute for Automation & Control
Processes FEB RAS, Russian Federation
1

Bo Yang
Vinod Puranik▪

Research on Optimization Modelof Multi IT Applications based on
Nonlinear Goal Programming
MethodHongxun Jiang1, Yongyan Yang1, Ming
Dong1
1Renmin University of China, China▪

Reliability Analysis of a Two Unit
SystemZuhair Al Hemyari1, Syed Rizwan2
1University of Nizwa, Oman
2Caledonian (University) College ofEngineering, Oman

31

Manufacturing Systems (1)Manufacturing Systems (2)Manufacturing Systems (3)Session D (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Room: Jupiter III

Session E (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Room: Jupiter III

Session F (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Room: Jupiter III

Chairs:Chairs:Chairs:Sittichai Kaewkuekool
Jian‐Bo Yu

Reza Tavakkoli‐Moghaddam
Ponnambalam Sivalinga G

Isa Nakhai Kamalabadi
Huitian Lu

Abstracts: See page 85

Abstracts: See page 86

Abstracts: See page 87

▪

▪

▪

Optimization of Cellular
Manufacturing Systems Design
Using the Hybrid Approachbased on the Ant Colony andTabu Search Techniques
Barthelemy Ateme‐Nguema1, Thien‐My
Dao1
1Ecole de technologie supérieure/Universityof Québec, Canada

▪

▪

▪

Study of the Industrial
Influential Factors of Capital
Allocation Efficiency in China’s
Manufacturing Industry
Liwei Cheng1, Jin‐chan Ren1
1Harbin Institute of Technology, China

▪

▪

▪

A Genetic Algorithm for Layout
problems in Cellular
Manufacturing Systems
Prafulla Kulkarni1, Kripa Shanker2
1K.K.Wagh IEE & Research, India
2Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur,
India

A Novel Collaborative Control
Strategy for Collaborative
Manufacturing
Ying Zhang1, Lijie Li2
1Ningbo College of Health Science, China
2Ningbo City College of Vocational
Technology, China

▪

▪

▪

▪

A Competitive Framework for theSouth African Clothing Industry
Kem Ramdass1, Leon Pretorius1
1University of Johannesburg, South Africa▪

Multi‐agent Based
Reconfigurable Manufacturing
Execution System

Surface Profile Tolerance
Measuring Method using Kriging
MethodDesign of Changeable Assembly
Systems – A Complexity Theory
Based Approach
Dominik T Matt1
1Polytechnic University of Torino, Italy

Design of aGovernment‐Subsidized
Collection System for
Incentive‐Dependent Returns
Ayse Gonul Tanugur1, Deniz Aksen2,
Necati Aras1
1Bogazici University, Turkey
2Koc University, Turkey

Min Yu1, Weimin Zhang1, Peter Klemm2
1Tongji University, China
2Universität Stuttgart, Germany▪

The Manufacturing Strategy
Formation Process Case Study ofSix Iranian Manufacturing
Companies
Sepehr Ghazinoory1, Rahman Mahdiani
Khotbesara2
1NRISP, Iran
2Young Researchers Club, Iran

An Investigation on the Multiple
Attribute Decision Making(MADM) Methods for Solving
the Cell Formation Problem
Arshia Ahi1, Behzad Ashtiani1,
M.Bahador Aryanezhad1, Ahmad
Makui1
1Iran University of Science & Technology,
Iran

The Component based Remote
Management System for the FA
Machine via the Internet
Hwa‐Young Jeong1, Jeoung Woo Byun1,
Young Jae Song1
1Kyunghee University, South Korea

Considering a Cyclic
Multiple‐Part TypeThree‐Machine Robotic Cell
Problem
Isa Nakhai Kamalabadi1, Saiedeh
Gholami2, Ali Hossein Mirzaei2
1University of Kurdistan, Iran
2Tarbiat Modares University, Iran

Web‐enabled Calibration of
Micro Robotic System
Yongjin (James) Kwon1, Bill Tseng2,
Richard Chiou3
1Ajou University, South Korea
2The University of Texas at El Paso, UnitedStates3Drexel University, United States▪

▪

A Study of Influent Factors in
Surface Quality of Hard Turning
Sittichai Kaewkuekool1, Vanchai
Laemlaksakul2, C. Rachavong3
1King Mongkutʹs Institute of Technology
Thonburi, Thailand
2King Mongkutʹs Institute of Technology
North Bangkok, Thailand
3Rajamangala University of Technology
Isaan, Thailand

Lin Gong1, Houfang Sun1, Qian Xu1
1Beijing Institute of Technology, China

Cell Formation with Workload
Data in Cellular Manufacturing
System Using Genetic Algorithm.
Ponnambalam Sivalinga G1,
SudhakaraPandian R2, Mohapatra S S3,
Saravanasankar S2
1Monash University, Malaysia Campus,
Malaysia
2Kalasalingam University, India
3National Institute of Technology, India

Complex Scheduling Strategy for
Dynamic Environment inDigitalization‐Production Shop▪

Solving Permutation Flow Shop
Sequencing using Ant Colony
Optimization
Fardin Ahmadizar1, Farnaz
Barzinpour1, Jamal Arkat1
1Iran University of Science & Technology,
Iran

Jongseong Kim1, Hoogon Choi1
1Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea▪

The Product Family Design Basedon Axiomatic Design
Ping Jiang1, Xiuping Zhao1, Bojun Yang1,
Lingxuan Zhao1, Runhua Tan1
1Hebei University of Technology, China▪

Performance Analysis of Single
Shuttle and Twin Shuttle AS/RS
Shin‐Ming Guo1, Tsai‐Pei Liu2
1National Kaohsiung First University of
Science & Technology, Taiwan
2Kao Fong College, Taiwan

32

33

Sessions.indd 4

11/13/07 2:42:04 PM

Engineering Economy and Cost
Analysis

Ethics, Education and Training

Human Factors (3)Session G (09:00 ‐ 10:30)
Wednesday ‐ December 5, 2007
Room: Venus I

Session H (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Wednesday ‐ December 5, 2007
Room: Venus I

Session G (09:00 ‐ 10:30)
Wednesday ‐ December 5, 2007
Room: Venus II

Chairs:Chairs:Chairs:Sven Hvid Nielsen
Leonard PerryHK Tang
Weihua Zhou

Abstracts: See page 88

Abstracts: See page 89▪

▪

A Study on a Transportation
Market with Empty Equipment
Repositioning▪
Extending the Undercut‐proof
Equilibrium to Asymmetric
Settings
Fan‐Chen Tseng1
1Kainan University, Taiwan▪

Ecological Industrial Engineeringand Eco‐efficiency Analysis▪

Modelling Software Quality
Costs by Adapting Established
Methodologies of MatureIndustries▪

Lars Karg1, Arne Beckhaus1
1SAP Research, Germany▪

▪

Managing Opportunities in the
Global Knowledge Society: A
Dynamich Approach for Creating
Values in Pmto Development,
Design and Manufacturing

Study on Effects, Limits andCurrent Situation of E‐Learning
System ‐ an Example on
Small‐median Enterprises
Chung‐Hsuing Fang1, Guan‐Li Chen1,
Yueh‐Ming Chiang2
1National Taiwan Normal University,
Taiwan2Roche Products Ltd., Taiwan

The Strain Index to Analyze Jobs
for Risk of Distal Upper
Extremity Disorders: Model
Validation
Arun Garg1, J. Steven Moore2, Jay
Kapellusch1
1University of Wisconsin ‐ Milwaukee,
United States
2Texas A&M University, United States▪

Fatigue Driving Detecting Model
based on Momentum Indices andNeural‐Fuzzy Approach
Cheng‐Li Liu1, Shiaw‐Tsyr Uang2
1Vanung University, Taiwan
2Ming‐Hsin University of Science &Technology, Taiwan▪

The Effects of Different Breath
Alcohol Concentration and Post
Alcohol Upon Driverʹs Driving
Performance
Yung Ching Liu1, Chin Heng Ho1
1National Yunlin University of Science &Technology, Taiwan▪

A Method for Human Driven
Knowledge Acquisition (CaseStudy in a Petrochemical
Company)
Navid Nezafti1, Ameneh Khadivar2,
Ehsan Afarideh1, Seyed Mohammad
Javad Jalali3
1Amir Kabir PolyTechnique University, Iran
2Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
3Islamic Azad University, North Tehran
Branch, Young Researches Club, IranSven Hvid Nielsen1
1Aalborg University, Denmark

▪

34

▪

Balance Score Card and Social
Responsibility in Public
Organizations

A Study on the Relation of the
Manpower’ Competency and theneed of Educating & Training at
the Manufacturers in Taiwan

Incorporating User Acceptanceinto Usability Evaluation Scheme
for the User Interface of Mobile
Services
Sangwoo Bahn1, Cheol Lee1, Jang Hyeon
Jo2, Won Yong Suh1, Joobong Song1,
Myung Hwan Yun1
1Seoul National University, South Korea
2Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd, South Korea

Ming‐Ta Wu1, Yu‐Shan Cheng2, Guan‐Li
Chen2
1National I‐Lan University, Taiwan
2National Taiwan Normal University,
TaiwanEvaluate Projects by Using
Multiple Criteria Decision
Making Techniques
Soheil Mahmoodzadeh1, Mahmood
Pariazar2, Mohammad Saeed Zaeri3,
Mohammad Ali Torkamani4
1Allameh Tabatabaee University, Iran
2Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran
3Member of Young Researchers Club,
Islamic Azad University, Iran
4Isfahan university of Technology, Iran

A European Union (EU)co‐operation program: Integral,
Innovative, Industrial Productdesign and development, I3PD2
and Project Led Education (PLE).

Toraj Mojibi1, M.Bahador Aryanezhad2,
Mojtaba Tabari3, Soheil Khorshidi4
1Islamic Azad University, Firoozkuh
Branch, Iran
2Iran University of Science & Technology,
Iran
3Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr
Branch, Iran
4Department of Education, IranCost‐transparent Sourcing in
China Applying Total Cost of
Ownership
Philipp Bremen1, Josef Oehmen1, Robert
Alard1
1ETH Zurich, Switzerland▪

1

Sven Hvid Nielsen1
1Aalborg University, Denmark

Yin Qian1, Chunfa Li1, Zhaoguo Zhang1
1Tianjin University of Technology, China▪

▪

Ling‐Hsiu Chen , Hsiang‐Chih Lin
1Chaoyang University of Technology,
TaiwanYing Tang1, Weihua Zhou2
1Zhejiang University of Technology, China
2Zhejiang University, China▪

Abstracts: See page 90

Integrating Kano’s Model into
E‐learning Satisfaction
1

Arun Garg
Qin Gao▪

A study of supporting programsfor small and medium
enterprises: a first stage going toʺLeanʺ
Romain Real1, M. Pralus1, M. Pillet1, L
Guizzi2
1Université de Savoie, France
2Thésame, Annecy, France

Facilities Planning andManagement

Maintenance Modeling andEngineering (1)Maintenance Modeling andEngineering (2)Session H (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Wednesday ‐ December 5, 2007
Room: Venus II

Session G (09:00 ‐ 10:30)
Wednesday ‐ December 5, 2007
Room: Jupiter I

Session H (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Wednesday ‐ December 5, 2007
Room: Jupiter I

Chairs:Chairs:Chairs:Ponnambalam Sivalinga G
Prafulla Kulkarni

Li Bai
Mingchih ChenYu‐Hung Chien
Renyan Jiang

Abstracts: See page 91

Abstracts: See page 92

Abstracts: See page 93

▪

▪

▪

Solving a New Mathematical
Model of a Closed‐Loop Layout
Problem with Unequal‐Sized
Facilities by a Genetic Algorithm

Gopinath Chattopadhyay1, Venkatarami
Reddy2
1Central Queensland University, Australia
2GHD Pty Ltd, Australia

Reza Tavakkoli‐Moghaddam1, Hadi
Panahi1
1University of Tehran, Iran▪

Urban Road Interchange type
Selection Based on Multiple
Attributes Decision Making
Kejun Long1, Xiaoguang Yang2, Jianlong
Zheng11Changsha University of Science &Technology, China
2Tongji University, China

▪

▪

▪

Applying a Revised VAM to a
Multi‐level Capacitated Facility
Location Problem

▪

▪

▪

Inventory‐Location Models for
Remote and Direct Retailing with
Time‐Sensitive Demand
Oded Berman1, Dmitry Krass1, Mozart
Menezes2
1University of Toronto, Canada
2HEC, France▪

Optimal Spare Ordering Policy
For Preventive Replacement With
Age‐Dependent Minimal Repair
Under Cost EffectivenessCriterion▪

Effects of Preventive
Maintenance on the Reliability of
Production Lines
Lin Ma1, Yong Sun1, Joseph Mathew1
1Queensland University of Technology,
Australia▪

Optimal Age‐Replacement Modelwith Minimal Repair Based on
Cumulative Repair Cost Limit
and Random Lead Time

Testing Strategies for
Parallel‐Series Standby Systems
Min Wang1
1Chaoyang University of Technology,
Taiwan▪

The Optimal Periodic Preventive
Maintenance Policy with
Degradation Rate Reduction
under Reliability Limit
Chun‐Yuan Cheng1, Mingchih Chen1,
Renkuan Guo2
1Chaoyang University of Technology,
Taiwan2University of Cape Town, South Africa▪

Entoropy Model with Application
to Maintenance Policy
Toshio Nakagawa1, Syouji Nakamura2
1Aichi Institute of Technology, Japan
2Kinjo Gakuin University, Japan▪

Jih‐An Chen1, Yu‐Hung Chien2
1Kao‐Yuan University, Taiwan
2National Taichung Institute of Technology,
TaiwanA Conceptual Model for
Knowledge Flow in Supply Chain
Ameneh Khadivar1, Ali Rajabzadeh1,
Mehdi Khani2, Seyed Mohammad Javad
Jalali3
1Tarbiat Modares University, Iran2University of Mazandaran, Iran
3Islamic Azad University, North Tehran
Branch, Young Researches Club, Iran

A Combined Multivariate
Technique and Multi Criteria
Decision Making to Maintenance
Strategy Selection
Mohammad Saeed Zaeri1, Jamal
Shahrabi2, Mahmood Pariazar2, Arash
Morabbi3
1Member of Young Researchers Club,
Islamic Azad University, Iran
2Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran
3Islamic Azad University, Iran

Audit Strategy for Improved
Performability of Facilities
Management
Tony Halim1, Loon Ching Tang1
1National University of Singapore,
Singapore

Definition and Evaluation ofDegree of Maintenance forMulti‐unit Systems

Sensitivity Analysis for the
Optimal Minimal
Repair/Replacement Policies
under the Framework of Markov
Decision Process
Mingchih Chen1, Chun‐Yuan Cheng1
1Chaoyang University of Technology,
TaiwanRenyan Jiang1, Guanhua Qin1
1Changsha University of Science &Technology, China

Ying‐Yen Chen1, Hsiao‐Fan Wang1
1National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan▪

Development of Integrated
Model for Assessment of
Operational Risks in Rail Track

Nonlinear Programming Solution
for Optimum PM Schedule of
Auxiliary Components
Salman Al‐Mishari1, Saad M. A.
Suliman2
1Saudi Aramco, Saudi Arabia
2University of Bahrain, Bahrain▪

Survivability Analysis of
Reconfigurable Systems
Li Bai1, Saroj Biswas1, Albert Ortiz2,
Frank Ferrese2, Don Dalessandro2, Qing
Dong2
1Temple University, United States
2Department of the Navy, United States

Yu‐Hung Chien1, Jih‐An Chen2
1National Taichung Institute of Technology,
Taiwan2Kao‐Yuan University, Taiwan

35

Information Engineering (1)Information Engineering (2)Intelligent Manufacturing

Session G (09:00 ‐ 10:30)
Wednesday ‐ December 5, 2007
Room: Jupiter II

Session H (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Wednesday ‐ December 5, 2007
Room: Jupiter II

Session G (09:00 ‐ 10:30)
Wednesday ‐ December 5, 2007
Room: Jupiter III

Chairs:Chairs:Chairs:Masahiro Aruga
Hsien‐Jung Wu

Tung‐Hsu (Tony) Hou
Yiping Lu

Abstracts: See page 94

Abstracts: See page 95

Abstracts: See page 96

▪

▪

▪

A Framework for Measuring
Value in Business
Interoperability
Antonio Grilo1, Ricardo
Jardim‐Goncalves2, Virgilio
Cruz‐Machado1
1UNIDEMI, FCT‐UNL, Portugal
2UNINOVA, FCT‐UNL, Portugal▪

Multidimensional Data Miningof Association Patterns in various
Granularities for Healthcare
Service Portfolio Management

▪

▪

▪

▪

Incremental Mining andRe‐mining of Frequent Patterns
without Storage of Intermediate
Patterns

Masahiro Aruga1, Akira Egawa2,
Takashi Takeda1, Hiroshi Egawa1,
Shuichiro Ono1
1Tokai University, Japan
2Nihon University, Japan▪

▪

Spatial Credibilistic Clustering
Algorithm in Noise Image
Segmentation
Peihan Wen1, Li Zheng1, Jian Zhou1
1Tsinghua University, China▪

An Effective Particle Swarm
Optimization Method for Data
Clustering
I‐Wei Kao1, Chi‐Yang Tsai1, Yi‐Chen
Wang1
1Yuan Ze University, Taiwan▪

Modeling the Valuation Processof Silicon Intellectual Property in
the Semiconductor Industry
Chia‐Liang Hung1, Yea‐Huey Su2,
Alfred Li‐Pin Cheng3
1National Chi Nan University, Taiwan
2National Central University, Taiwan
3National Chiao‐Tung University, Taiwan▪

Control of Roundness on Turned
Cylindrical Bars using Artificial
Neural Network
Preetam Kalos1, Keshav Nandurkar1, L.
G. Navale2
1K.K.Wagh IEE & Research, India
2Modern Education Society’s College Of
Engg, India▪

An Object‐Based,
Attribute‐Oriented Approach for
Software Change Impact Analysis
Chung‐Yang Chen1, Cheung‐Wo She2,
Jia‐Da Tang3
1National Central University, Taiwan
2CyberLink Corp, Taiwan
3Chang Gung University, Taiwan

Recognition of Semiconductor
Defect Patterns Using Spectral
Clustering
Chih‐Hsuan Wang1
1Ming Chuan University, Taiwan

Research on Integration Platform
Based on PDM for Networked
Manufacturing
Xiaojun Meng1, Ruxin Ning1, Xu
Zhang1, Yu Song1
1Beijing Institute of Technology, China▪

▪

Key Techniques about the Process
Integration for Product Design
Bo Zhao1, Yan Yan1, Ruxin Ning1, Xu
Zhang1, Lichen Hu2, Jianjun Lin2
1Beijing Institute of Technology, China
2China North Vehicle Research Institute,
China

Fan‐Chen Tseng1
1Kainan University, Taiwan▪

A Consideration of Information
Content on the Basis of Semiotics
Taking Account of Virtual Reality

A Fuzzy Data‐Driven andRule‐Based Reasoning System for
Setting the Nano‐Particle Milling
Process Parameters
Tung‐Hsu Hou1, Chi‐Hung Su2
1National Yunlin University of Science &Technology, Taiwan
2Chihlee Institute of Technology, Taiwan

Design Process Reuse Based on
Genetic Engineering
Shurong Tong1, Bo Li1, Keqin Wang1
1Northwestern Polytechnical University,
China

The Conceptual Model of VirtualEnterprise Business Strategy inHyper‐Competition Environment
Sayed Sajjad Moravveji1, Ali Abdollahi2,
Neda Eghbali3
1Payam Nour Univercity, Iran
2Iran Telecom ResearchCenter(ITRC)/Shahid Beheshti University,
Iran
3Shahed University, Iran

An Augmented RBAC Structure
for Collaborative Software
Development
Hsien‐Jung Wu1, C. H. Sun1, Bo‐Da Lin1
1Asia University, Taiwan

Johannes K. Chiang1
1MIS, National Chengchi University,
Taiwan36

Antonio Grilo
Johannes K. Chiang

Assistance Ontology of Quality
Control for Enterprise Model
Using Data Mining
Xuhui Chen1, Jun Lu1, Zhongyuan Liu1
1Lanzhou University of Technology, China▪

Comparison of Two Flow
Analysis Software for Injection
Moulding Tool Design
Iwan Halim Sahputra1
1Petra Christian University, Indonesia

Design Chain Management

Production Planning andControl (2)Advanced Planning and SCM in
Process Industry

Session H (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Wednesday ‐ December 5, 2007
Room: Jupiter III

Session G (09:00 ‐ 10:30)
Wednesday ‐ December 5, 2007
Room: VIP

Session H (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Wednesday ‐ December 5, 2007
Room: VIP

Chairs:Chairs:Chairs:Chih‐Hsing Chu
Roger Jiao

Reza Tavakkoli‐Moghaddam
Loo Hay Lee

Hans‐Otto Guenther
Norbert Trautmann

Abstracts: See page 97

Abstracts: See page 98

Abstracts: See page 99

▪

▪

▪

Business Model Innovation
through Collaborative ProductDevelopment: A Case Study of
Design Services in Taiwan

Supaporn Suwannarongsri1, Sunpasit
Limnararat1, Deacha Puangdownreong2
1King Mongkutʹs Institute of Technology
Ladkrabang, Thailand
2South‐East Asia University, Thailand

Chih‐Hsing Chu1, Han‐Chung Cheng1
1National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan▪

Product Design with
Consideration of Contingent
Costs: A Design Function and
Variation Risk Management
Perspective▪

Chun‐Ying Shen1, Jung‐Wei Sun2,
Yu‐Jing Lin2, Shuo‐Yan Chou2
1Ching Yun University, Taiwan
2National Taiwan University of Science &Technology, Taiwan▪

A Simple Multi‐Objective
Optimization Approach forMaterial Purchasing Problem of a
Railway Transportation BusinessYiping Lu1, Jianzhong Cha1, Yingshuai
Zhao1, Jingjuan Meng1
1Beijing Jiaotong University, China

▪

▪

▪

A Study on Modular Design
Representation

An Approach to Improve theEfficiency of Configurators

A Case Study of Obsolete Part
Procurement Process
Reengineering
Jun Du1, Yuan‐Yuan Jiao2, Roger Jiao3,
Arun Kumar3
1Tianjin University, China
2Nankai University, China
3Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore

A Method of Reducing
Complexity of Product Based on
TRIZ

▪

▪

Christoph Schwindt1, Rafael Fink1,
Norbert Trautmann2
1Clausthal University of Technology,
Germany
2University of Bern, Switzerland

Fang Liu1, Runhua Tan1, Peng Zhang1
1Hebei University of Technology, China

Automatic Seasonal AutoRegressive Moving Average
Models and Unit Root Test
Detection

Markus Meiler1, Hans‐Otto Guenther1,
Martin Grunow2
1Technical University Berlin, Germany
2Technical University of Denmark,Denmark

Do Inventory Management
Practices affect Economic
Performance? An Empirical
Evaluation of the Machine Tool
SMEs in Bangalore
Rajeev N1
1Indian Institute of Science, India▪

A Priority‐Rule Based Method for
Scheduling in Chemical Batch
Production

Network‐wide Campaign
Planning for Multi‐stage
Processes in the Chemical
Industry

Siana Halim1, Indriati N. Bisono1,
Melissa1, C. Thia1
1Petra Christian University, Indonesia

Yue Wang1, Mitchell Tseng1
1Hong Kong University of Science &Technology, Hong Kong▪

The Use of a Memetic Algorithm
in Operations Scheduling of
Cellular Manufacturing Systems
with Makespan

A MIP/RCPSP Decomposition
Approach to Short‐Term Planningin Chemical Batch Production
with Non‐Identical Parallel
Processing Units
Norbert Trautmann1, Rafael Fink2,
Hanno Sagebiel2, Christoph Schwindt2
1University of Bern, Switzerland
2Clausthal University of Technology,
Germany

Reza Tavakkoli‐Moghaddam1, Ahmad
Ali Bozorgzad2, Yousef Gholipour
Kanani2
1University of Tehran, Iran
2Islamic Azad University, IranYuan‐Ping Luh1, Chih‐Chin Pan1,
Jian‐Wei Su1
1National Taipei University of Technology,
Taiwan▪

A New Hybrid Intelligent
Method for Assembly Line
Balancing▪

▪

An MILP Model Application for
Supply Network Planning in the
Production of ChemicalCommodities
Hans‐Otto Guenther1, Matthias
Kannegiesser1
1Technical University Berlin, Germany▪

A New Demand Forecasting
Paradigm‘Customer‐Centric
Individual Demand Forecasting’Application of Analytical
Network Process on Supplier
Selection to Hazardous SubstanceManagement in Green Supply
Chain Management
Chia‐Wei Hsu1, Allen Hu1
1National Taipei University of Technology,
TaiwanZhongjun Tang1, Xiaohong Chen1
1Central South University, China▪

Research on Information
Increment and Demand
Information Value in Supply
ChainsJing Wang1, Yuxiang Li2, Xun Wang2
1BeiHang University, China
2Tsinghua University, China

37

Poster Session10
p. 101

Date: 5 Dec 2007 Wednesday
09:00 ‐ 11:30 (Poster on Display)
10:30 ‐ 11:00 (Interactive Session)

A Methodology to Determine
the Cost of Spare Part for
Choosing the Best Mode of
Shipment
Dariush Tavaghof Gigloo1,
Mohammad Ali Shafia1
1Iran University of Science &Technology, Iran

Room: Venus III

21
p. 102

Kuang‐Yao Wu1, Hong‐Feng Lai1,
Chung‐Yen Ho1
1National United University, Taiwan

22
p. 102

1
p. 100The Analysis and the solvingof Local Protectionism inPassenger Transportation
between adjacent cities Basedon Game Theory
Yun Chen1, Wei Tang1
1Changsha University of Science &Technology, China2
p. 100p. 100Predicting Movement
Directions of Stock Index
Futures by Support Vector
Models with Data
Preprocessing
Ping‐Feng Pai1, Wan‐Ru Wei1
1National Chi Nan University, Taiwan

4
p. 100Research on Key Strategic
Factors of Chinese CoalEnterprises’ Sustainable
Development
Yi‐fei Weng1
1China University of Mining Technology(Beijing), China

5
p. 1006
p. 100p. 100The Use of Fuzzy Analytic
Hierarchy Process to Confer theCore Factors of 3G Mobile
Telecommunications’ Content
Use
Yu‐Lung Wu1, Michael C.S Chang2,
Pei‐Chi Yang2
1I‐Shou University, Taiwan
2I‐shou University, Taiwan

8
p. 100Assessment on the Enterprise’s
Operational Performance
Using Multiple Attribute
Decision Making

13
p. 101

p. 101A New Financial Engineering
Model for Analyzing theRoyalty of BOT Projects: The
Taiwan Case
Chao‐Chung Kang1, Cheng‐Min
Feng2, Szu‐Chi Huang3
1Providence University, Taiwan
2National Chiao Tung University,
Taiwan3Taiwan University, Taiwan

38

Case Study of Picking Method
Selection for Cosmetic
Broken‐case Picking Operation

14
p. 10124
p. 10315
p. 10116
p. 101

p. 102

p. 103

A Composite Weighted
Multi‐objective Optimal
Approach for Emergency
Logistics Distribution

26
p. 10318

Scheduling Performance
Evaluation in Hybrid
Production Environments
Wen‐Pai Wang1
1National Chin‐Yi University ofTechnology, Taiwan

19
p. 10227
p. 10320
p. 102

Optimum Production Planning
Model under Probabilistic
Market Demand
Tian‐Syung Lan1, Chih‐Yao Lo1,
Jian‐Lun Deng1
1Yu‐Da College of Business, Taiwan

Research on Supply Chain
Disruption Coordination
Mechanisms under Algebraic
Demand and Asymmetric
Information
Pin Zhuang1, Lindu Zhao2
1Southeast University, Nanjing
University of Aeronautics andAstronautics, China
2Southeast University, China

28
p. 103

Scheduling Multiple Orders
with Preemptive Jobs andResource Dependence Times
Shan‐Ping Chuang1, Tsung‐Shin
Hsu1, Chang‐Lin Yang2
1National Taiwan University of Science& Technology, Taiwan
2Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan

Identifying Efficient Cane
Growers and Exploiting Their
Expertise in Improving
Inefficient Ones
Kullapapruk Piewthongngam1,
Jakrapan Suksawat1, Arunwadee
Tenglolai2
1Khon Kaen University, Thailand
2Mitr Phol Sugarcane Research Center,
Thailand

Ming Liu1, Lindu Zhao1
1Southeast University, China

p. 102A Multi‐period Ordering
Policy in Supply Chain
Chun‐Chin Wei1, L. T. Chen2
1Ching Yun University, Taiwan
2National Pingtung Institute ofCommerce, Taiwan

Use Genetic Algorithm in
Production and Inventory
Strategy
Cheng‐I Hou1, Chih‐Yao Lo1,
Jai‐Houng Leu1
1Yu‐Da College of Business, Taiwan

1725

An Inventory Model with
‐Rational Type‐ Backlogged
Demand Rate and Quadratic
Backlogging Cost
Joaquin Sicilia‐Rodriguez1,
Luis‐Augusto San‐José2, Juan
Garcia‐Laguna2
1Universidad de La Laguna, Spain
2Universidad de Valladolid, Spain

The Impact of ERP
Implementation on Corporate
Supply Chain Performance
Jia‐Jane Shuai1, Yi‐ Fen Su2, Chyan
Yang2
1Ming‐Hsin University of Science &Technology, Taiwan
2National Chiao Tung University,
TaiwanSingle‐Machine Scheduling to
Minimize the Number of Early
Jobs
Rong‐Hwa Huang1, Chang‐Lin Yang1
1Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan

A New Process Capability
Index under Multiplicative
Adjustment of Process Meanand Its Demonstration
Procedures
Kwanwoo Kim1, Bong‐Jin Yum1
1Korea Advanced Institute of Science
Technology, South Korea

Jinping Liu1
1Dalian Maritime University, China

Chuan‐Chun Wu1, Yu‐Lung Wu2,
Pei‐Chi Yang1
1I‐shou University, Taiwan
2I‐Shou University, Taiwan

9

p. 102

Farid Ghaderi1, Ali Azadeh1, Hamid
Reza Sadeghi Keyno1
1University of Tehran, Iran

A Model of Manufacturing
Quality Information
Supporting Design
Xianlong Xu1, Shurong Tong1
1Northwestern Polytechnical University,
China

7

p. 101

Forecasting Electricity
Consumption by Separating
the Periodic Variable andDecompositions the Pattern

A Study of the EPQ Model
Using Fuzzy AHP When Fflawof the Products or Unreliable
Machineries Exists
Chih‐Yao Lo1, Jai‐Houng Leu1,
Cheng‐I Hou1
1Yu‐Da College of Business, Taiwan

23
12

A New Method for Huge
Group Decision‐making
Rong Liu1, Xiaohong Chen2
1Changsha University of Science &Technology, China
2Central South University, China

Study of Construction Bidding
System Based on Combinationof Rough Set Theory andBack‐propagation Network
Xueqing Wang1, Gang Yu1, Hui Zhao1
1Tianjin University, China

Application of Grey
Programming in Irregular
Flight Scheduling
XiuLi Zhao1, JinFu Zhu1, Mei Guo1
1Nanjing University of Aeronautics &Astronautics, China

311
p. 101

Manpower Allocation in an
Asynchronous Production Line
with Leveled Labor

Decision‐making for the
Optimal Number of Suppliers
Considering Trade‐off between
Supplier Management Costand Supply Failure Risk
Dan Wang1, Yuan Zhao1
1Dalian Maritime University, China

29
p. 103

Optimal Pricing Strategy for
Queuing Systems with Balking
Loss and Reneging Loss
Pen‐Yuan Liao1, Leewen Tyan2
1National United University, Taiwan
2Ta‐Hwa Institute of Technology, Taiwan

30
p. 103

A Case Study of Applying
Spectral Clustering Techniquein the Value Analysis of An
Outfitterʹs Customer Database38
p. 104

En‐Chi Chang1, Shian‐Chang
Huang1, Hsin‐Hung Wu1,
Chiao‐Fang Lo1
1National Changhua University of
Education, Taiwan

31
p. 103

The Business Model of Internet
Application Services for
Telecommunications Operators

Yi‐bo Li1, Bing Li1, Sen‐yue Zhang1,
Yun‐hong Gao1
1Shenyang Institute of AeronauticalEngineering, China

39
p. 105Peishan Lin1, Muhammad Khalil
Shahid1, Shoulian Tang1
1Beijing University of Posts &Telecommunications, China

32
p. 104

Finite Element Method
Modeling and Analysis for
Aeronautic Synchronous
Generator with Damper
Windings on Unloading andShort‐Circuit Conditions
Xiaohe Ma1, Songhua Shen1, Luyan
Bi1, Jianfeng Li2
1BeiHang University, China
2Motorola Electronic Pte. Ltd, Singapore

33
p. 10434

40
p. 105

Yong Wang , Zhong Liu , Weiming
Zhang1, Jincai Huang1, Baoxin Xiu1
1National University of Defense
Technology, China
1

35

41
p. 105

p. 104

Xinguo Deng1, Ziyu Lin1, Weiqing
Cheng1, Ruliang Xiao1, Ling Li1, Lina
Fang1
1Wuhan University, China

36
p. 104Development of Surface
Roughness Prediction Model
Using Response Surface
Methodology in High Speed
End Milling of AISI H13 Tool
Steel

Knowledge Sharing and KM
Effectiveness in Technology
R&D Teams: Transactive
Memory System andTeam‐based Outcome
Expectations Perspectives
Chi‐Cheng Huang1, Tzu‐Jung
Huang1
1Aletheia University, Taiwan

42
p. 105

Disruptive Process Innovationin Semiconductor Industry
Srikanth Narasimalu1, C C Hang1,
Kah‐Hin Chai1
1National University of Singapore,
Singapore

1

Modeling and Verifying Web
Service Composition Using
Colored Petri Nets Based On
WSCI

Knowledge Management
Approach in Mobile Software
System Testing
Kein Wei Ong1, Mei Ying Tang1
1Motorola Software Group, Malaysia

A Simulation Model of
Bullwhip Effect in a
Multi‐Stage Supply Chain

A Planning Support System
For System Of Systems
Engineering

The Limitations of theTechnology Roadmap andImportance of New
Management Tools in
Science‐based Innovation: theCase of Nanotechnology inJapanDaisuke Kanama1, Akio Kondo1
1National Institute of Science &Technology Policy, Japan

Pilada Wangphanich1, Sami Kara1,
A/Prof Berman Kayis1
1University of New South Wales,
Australia

p. 104The Research Status ofComplex System Integrated
Health Management
System(CSIHM) Architecture43
p. 105

Binomial Distribution BasedApproach to Deriving Time
Series Weights
Z. S. Xu1, J Chen1
Tsinghua University, China

1

44
p.105

Applying Critical Chain in
Project Scheduling andEstimating Buffer Size Basedon Fuzzy Technique
Kun Li1, Yun‐xiang Chen1
Institute of Engineering, Air ForceEngineering, China

1

Abdullah Mohd. Khalid Hafiz1,
AKM Nurul Amin1, A N Mustafizul
Karim1, M. Amri Lajis2
1International Islamic University
Malaysia, Malaysia
2Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,
Malaysia37
p. 104

Knowledge Access Control
Policy Language Model for
Virtual Enterprises
Tsung‐Yi Chen1, Yuh‐Min Chen2,
Hui‐Chuan Chu3, Chui‐Cheng Chen4
1NanHua University, Taiwan
2National Cheng Kung University,
Taiwan3National University of Tainan, Taiwan
4Southern Taiwan University ofTechnology, Taiwan

39

ABSTRACTS
Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsA (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Technology and Knowledge Management (1)Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Venus I
Tritos Laosirihongthong and Kah‐Hin Chai

Disruptive Innovations and the Greying Market
F. Kohlbacher1, C C Hang2
1German Institute for Japanese Studies, Japan
2National University of Singapore, Singapore

The current shift in demographies – aging and shrinking populations –in many countries around the world presents a major challenge tocompanies and societies alike. One particularly essential implication isthe emergence and continuing growth of the so‐called “greying
market” or “silver market”. Building on Christensen’s disruptive
innovation framework, this paper discusses how these innovations
could be leveraged to benefit both businesses and customers in thegreying market. It offers four important propositions in this context as
well as essential issues for future research.

The Matching between Types of Knowledge and Organizational
Learning Styles and the Transformation of the Relationship in
the Process from Imitation to Innovation
Xiao Zhang1, Fan Feng1, Jia Li1
1Nanjing University, China

Generally, enterprises lagging in technology begin their endeavor tonarrow the gap between their technology and that of technologicallyadvanced enterprises with imitation. As the gap is constantly narrowed,
those enterprises with backward technology but extraordinary learning
capacity will experience the catching‐up process from pure imitation tocreative imitation, and then from partial innovation to independent
innovation. As technology gap between enterprises is mainly caused bytheir knowledge gap, acquiring knowledge, core technologicalknowledge in particular, is the key to bridging technology gap. And
organizational learning is an important means to the end of knowledge
acquisition, application and dissemination. Due to the characteristics ofknowledge, different stages from imitation to innovation will havedifferent learning focuses, which requires that different organizational
learning styles should adapt to the target knowledge as so to ensure
effective acquisition, assimilation and application of knowledge. As theenterprise advances from one stage to another and its target knowledgechanges, organizational learning styles should be adjusted
correspondingly.

Networking, Absorptive Capacity, Science Parks ~ A Proposed
Conceptual Model for Firm Innovative Performance
Kai‐Ying Chan1, Tinus Pretorius1
1University of Pretoria, South Africa

This paper elaborates on current literature on science parks, focusing
on how networking and absorptive capacity affect firm innovative
performance. To fulfill the purpose of providing a systematic literature
review, selections of existing empirical studies and literature studies
have been organized on the basis of the following three dimensions: (1)science parks; (2) networks; and (3) absorptive capacity. In the
proposed conceptual model, networking is broken down into formal
and informal networks, which are defined further in terms of relational
embeddedness and structural embeddedness. Absorptive capacity is
included in the model to account for firm‐specific factors influencing
innovativeness. The reason is that absorptive capacity influences firm
ability to translate information from the networks into its own
innovation activities. Science parks, closely associated with cluster
structures, also have an influence on firm innovative performance due
to geographic proximity where common knowledge is augmented andreinforced. This paper shows the importance of examing science park
effects in greater detail, clearly showing networking, absorptive
capacity and cluster mechanisms that drive firm innovative
performance.

40

Construction of an Automatic Inspection System with Capabilityof Identifying Color Characteristics of ProductChiao Tzu Huang1, Ching‐Jen Huang1, Wei‐Ling Wang1
1National Chin‐Yi University of Technology, Taiwan

There are many products are qualified by the color quality
characteristics, such as color of textile, color of painting on objects andso on. In general, how to inspect the product is based on the inspectors’eyes. Although the inspectors follow the standard inspection procedureand have the standard color sample for inspection, there are still aminor discrepancy occurred each time because of fatigue andillumination change. The result is customers claim to rejection. It will
directly affect the profit of company. In this research, based on theinspection of machine vision we want to construct an automatic
inspection system to identify color characteristics of product on
LabVIEW platform. In the system, image of retrieved area will be
grabbed under a steady light environment and this will be digitized
into gray level. Then the contour of gray level will be used as an edge.
For color identification purpose, further processed image will comparewith the color sample database. Finally accept or reject is dependent on
the threshold we define. Through the system we constructed, it will
reduce the possibility of misjudgment made by inspectors’ eyes,
upgrade the color quality characteristics level of product, speed‐up
identification, increase the yield rate of product, and reduce the labor
cost.

Vertically Integrated Market Structure of Communications
Industry and Future Horizontal Market Structure
Muhammad Khalil Shahid1, Jie Ren1, Shoulian Tang1
1Beijing University of Posts & Telecommunications, China

Technological advancements and innovations have changed the market
and services structure of communications industry drastically. Due totechnological innovations and customer demands, boundary lines
between telecommunications, information and media industries haveblurred to a point that it is becoming difficult to distinguish between
telecom, information and media services. The traditional verticallyintegrated networks are being deconstructed and are beingtransformed into horizontally interconnected function layers. The
market structure is becoming more and more vertically integrated but
technological advancements are dragging the markets towards morehorizontally integrated value chain structures and clearly indicating
the need for vertical disintegration of this market. This paper analyses
the recent trends and structure of vertically integrated communicationindustry and also discusses the future horizontally integrated value
chain structure and future horizontally integrated structural layout of
carriers. In future networks, services will be offered on the basis of an
integrated access platform and will no longer be dependent on a
specific individual access technology. The main players will have torestructure themselves into horizontally separated areas of Networks,Services and Sales to survive and to grow and will also have to focus on
one of the areas where they have competitive edge.

Vertical Disintegration and Entrepreneurial Opportunities: An
Historic Analysis of the Broadcasting Sector
Jeffrey Funk1
1National University of Singapore, Singapore

This paper presents a modified version of the product life cycle modelin order to address how vertical disintegration emerges and how
vertical disintegration provides entrepreneurial opportunities. It does
this by redefining the concept of a dominant design as a set of multiple
design decisions that include both alternative choices about technology
and the definition of sub‐problems in terms of independent modules.
The degree of openness in the design rules that define the interactions
between these modules determines the degree of independence forthese modules and thus the level of opportunities for verticaldisintegration and entrepreneurs. This paper uses historical analyses ofthe broadcasting sector to define these vertically disintegrated layers
and the rules that determine the interactions between these layers. It
uses data on the number of firms and revenues in each layer to show
how the emergence of independent modules and vertical disintegration
has led to entrepreneurial opportunities.

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsB (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Technology and Knowledge Management (2)Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Venus I
Shann‐Bin Chang and Kai‐Ying Chan

Selling New Technologies; Making a Convincing Business Case
Marcel Dissel1, David Probert1, Lüder Tockenbürger2
1University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
2Steinbeis Hochschule Berlin, Germany

Convincing someone to invest in new technologies is one of themost important tasks of technology management and arguably
also the most uncertain. Despite the fact that technology managers
having a wide range of methods and tools at their disposal to value
technologies, the actual process of getting the buy‐in andsubsequent funds of the board, business units, or externalcustomer is often an unsatisfactory process. In fact very little has
been written on the sales process for new technologies. This paperargues that to complement this gap technology managers can learn
from existing sales practices and processes by applying
consultative sales concepts. The paper reports on an ongoing study
and reviews literature on current technology development
processes and identifies 2 key issues. Firstly, there appears to be a
disconnection in the communication between seller and buyer.
Secondly, the seller has a different (often technologically driven)perspective on the new technology whereas the buyers are moreinterested in the application and user perspective. This notion is
supported using two illustrative cases in the automotive andaerospace industry. The paper concludes by proposing one way ofintegrating a consultative sales approach for new technologies.
Knowledge Creation and Diffusion in Innovation Networks by
System Viewpoint
Dian Yan Liou1, Justin. D. Liou2
1Yu Da College of Business, Taiwan
2The Pennsylvania State University, United States

In the knowledge‐based economy, firms are continually searching
for ways to promote inter‐firm interactive learning and for outside
partners and networks to provide complementary assets. As they
develop new products and processes, firms determine which
activities they will undertake individually; in collaboration withother firms; in collaboration with universities or research
institutions; and with the support of government. Although thearguments presented are well known in the field and a wide bodyof literature already exists that addresses these topics, the paper
derives better model to understand network formation in aknowledge cluster by using causal‐loop diagrams to present themainly hypothetical relationships of various factors related toknowledge creation and diffusion. The paper does not provide any
empirical support for the presented model, but the authors stress
this work as being exploratory and generic.
Service Innovation Efficiency Evaluation on Non‐life Insurance
Industry in Taiwan
Chin‐Huang Lin1, Ho‐Li Yang2, Dian Yan Liou3
1Chung Hua University, Taiwan
2Chung Hua University, National United University, Taiwan
3Yu Da College of Business, Taiwan

Service innovation plays an increasingly significant role ininsurance industry. Non‐life insurance companiesʹ managers needto develop a convenient channel prior to the addition of new
insurance products. E‐commerce is one approach of service
innovation which will enable managers to select innovative
offerings that are most beneficial to the firm and that will truly
have an impact on customerʹs choices. This study analyzes
empirically the performance or efficiency change of the non‐lifeinsurance companies with and without e‐commerce in Taiwan.
Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used as the research tool inthis study which finds that the efficiency has not significantly
improved when e‐commerce applied. To improve efficiency ininnovative service performance, most of companies should strive
for promoting premium from various insurance items and somecompanies should reduce the number of employee to improve
efficiency.

Determinants of Job Satisfaction in the IT Industry
Fethi Calisir1, Cigdem Altin Gumussoy1
1Istanbul Technical University, Turkey

Firm performance increases as workersʹ job satisfaction increases.
Therefore, firms have a great interest in identifying thedeterminants of job satisfaction. To this end, this study conducts asurvey to investigate the impact of IT professionalsʹ demographic
characteristics, work characteristics and work stress on job
satisfaction. Five components of job satisfaction were revealed byprincipal component analysis, and variables affecting each job
satisfaction component were determined by regression analysis.
An Empirical Investigation of the Knowledge Management
Strategic Alignment Model
Yue‐Yang Chen1, Hui‐Ling Huang2, Tsai‐Pei Liu3
1I‐Shou University, Taiwan
2Shu‐Te University, Taiwan
3Kao Fong College, Taiwan

Knowledge has been regarded as an important strategic resourcein organizations, it is necessary to know about how to manage andintegrate various kinds of resources effectively that are bestead toknowledge management. Recently, the importance of theinformation technology (IT) for effective KM activities has been
indicated. The match of IT and KM is an important concern for
executives. However, their high‐high fit doesn’t always yieldpositive organizational outcome since enough exceptions indicatedthat business strategy and knowledge strategy, as well as humanresource management strategy are interdependent that must be
integrated as a whole. Drawing on the concept of strategicalignment, this study proposed a KM strategic alignment model(KMSAM) within which business strategy, HRM strategy, KM
strategy, and IT strategy are coexisted. Empirical data for
hypotheses testing are collected from top ranked companies in
Taiwan; yielding 161 valid samples. Performance implications ofStrategic alignment are examined using covariation approaches.
The results indicate that strategic alignment among these four
strategies is contribution to business performance.
Knowledge Management System Architecture for Industry
Cluster
Pradorn Sureephong1, Nopasit Chakpitak1, Yacine Ouzrout2, Gilles Neubert2,
Abdelaziz Bouras2
1Chiang Mai University, Thailand
2University Lumiere Lyon2, France

Since the concept of the industry cluster was popularized by Porterin 1990, many countries try to improve the competitiveness ofthrough industry sector. Not only companies who take part in thecluster but also academic institutes, government agencies,
associations, and supportive industries. The more actors involvedin the cluster the more knowledge were distributed among themember of cluster. Although, many literatures about cluster
explained how knowledge is important for the cluster
development. But, there is no specific knowledge management
methodology or system for the cluster. This study is concerned
about knowledge exchange in the cluster by using knowledge
engineering methodology to analyze, model and design
Knowledge Management System (KMS). At the end of this study,
we will implement KMS in handicraft cluster in Thailand as ourcase study. As we are in the beginning of the study, this paper
proposed methodology and primary result from knowledge
engineering. Then the KMS architecture was proposed as the resultof study in this paper.

41

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsC (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Technology and Knowledge Management (3)Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Venus I
Marcel Dissel and Leon Pretorius

Research on Rapid Design Process Model of Large‐scale valve for
Product Innovation
Xiang‐dong Li1, Runhua Tan1, Lixiao Geng1, Bojun Yang1
1Hebei University of Technology, China

Product innovation is an important means to compete for markets forenterprises during the era of mass customization. Manufacturing
enterprises pay more attention to the innovation ability in productdesign and development field. The objective of this research is to solve
rapid innovation design questions of the large‐scale valve throughestablishing rapid design process model based on product platform. At
the same time, the model is used in the actual product innovation
design process. Combining with actual circumstances of a large‐scale
valve enterprise in China, rapid design process model based on theplatform strategy is proposed. It includes three parts: platform
establishing process, configuration resources database constructing
process and platform applying process. Platform establishing processaccomplishes constructing process of product platform. Configuration
resources database constructing process is to program platform’s
product family according to platform configuration model of valve
products and store correlative information of valve products. Platform
applying process is a rapid design process according to the customers’
customized demands. Moreover, key technologies based on the rapid
design process model are analyzed. Prototype system and factual
application example is addressed.
Information Seeking Behavior of R&D Professionals in New ProductDevelopment
Bin Guo1, Haiqiu Li1
1Zhejiang University, China

Information seeking behavior plays an essential role in shaping
innovation performance in industrial firms. However, little
research has been conducted at the individual level to investigate
the information seeking behavior of R&D professionals in new
product development and potential behavior differences among
different professional groups. By using an individual level sample
in Chinese technology intensive firms, this paper examines both
frequency and width of information source use in new productdevelopment, and how task, individual, and information source
characteristics would affect information seeking behavior of R&D
professionals. The research results shows that task complexity anduncertainty have significant influences on both frequency andwidth of information source use.
Using Modified TAM to Examine the Software Engineers’ Attitude
on Computer Software Patents
Shu‐Min Chang1, Shann‐Bin Chang2
1Nan Kai Institute of Technology, Taiwan
2Ling Tung University, Taiwan

The nature of patent institution is to protect the inventors andaccelerate the speed of innovation. It is likely to the patent of computer
software. But the opinion voiced by exponents of open source isextremely opposed to patenting computer software. It is interest to thesoftware engineers whether agree computer software patent or not.
This study employs a modified technology acceptance model (TAM) to
explore the perception and behavior of software engineers, andexamines the relationship between perception and management
behavior about patent. The findings of this study are two: 1. Most of therelations of this research model are positively significant; 2. The scalesof firm and number of patents owned by firms have a significantly
different effect from the above constructs. Finally, this study provides
two suggestions for future study.
A Process Model for Application of TRIZ
Wenyan Zhao1, Huangao Zhang2, Ping Jiang2, Runhua Tan2
1Tianjin University & Hebei University of Technology, China
2Hebei University of Technology, China

The theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) is mainly applied todeveloping substituted technology with higher performance thancurrent one. It usually starts from problems or forecasting. TRIZ
provides several powerful tools based on knowledge for solving
problems, but it lacks of a systematic programming for the applicationof these tools in an enterprise. This paper provides a systematic
framework for the application of TRIZ, which divides the application
into two levels: strategic level and tactical level. The technology
maturity is used as the main criterion for casting a strategy. The Levelof Solution is used as a framework for integrating tools of TRIZ. A
process model is put forward as a guideline for the application of TRIZ

42

from views of strategy and tactics. As an illustration the process model
is applied to a company for improving peformance of butterfly valve.
Factors in Innovative Search Strategy for External Knowledge
SourcesJun Li1, Xinmin Peng2, Yingbo Zhou1, Yuan Sun1, Shuquan Ding1
1Zhejiang University, China
2Zhejiang Wanli Universiy, China

This study develops and tests a conceptual model that focuses on how
managerial controllable variables influence the search strategy fortechnological innovation. The concept of breadth and depth are twocomponents of the openness of individual firm’s external searchstrategies. Based on literature, the authors developed 10 research
hypotheses and tested the hypotheses using the data collected from 112
manufacturing firms in China. The findings suggest that organizational
resources, the richness of external knowledge, and search experience
increase levels of search breath, whereas characteristics of technology
and market expectation are negatively associated with external searchbreadth. Characteristics of technology, market expectation and searchexperience are positively associated with search depth, whereasorganizational resources decrease external search depth, and theinfluence of the richness of external knowledge on search depth is not
significant.
Modelling the Efficiency of Knowledge Economies in the Asia
Pacific: a DEA Approach
Hui boon Tan1, Chee Wooi Hooy2, Sardar Islam3, Alex Manzoni3
1Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
2University of Malaya, Malaysia
3Victoria University, Australia

This paper presents measures for the performances of 12 selected Asia
Pacific countries in developing knowledge‐based economies (KE). The
performances of the selected countries are evaluated using Data
Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The results indicate that four of theemerging countries (India, Indonesia, Thailand and mainland China)
are relatively inefficient in K‐E development compared to the othereight which are equally efficient. The main reason for theirbackwardness is due to the outflow of their human capital resource tothe developed countries. This seriously undermines the level of their
K‐E development compared to their counterparts. The results also
indicate that knowledge dissemination is generally not a serious
problem, except for India. However, in terms of knowledge output,
knowledge dissemination becomes the weakest point for all
low‐scoring countries except China. Both India and China however,encounter serious obstacles in knowledge innovation and external
connection.
Application‐Oriented Technology Valuation: Examples from the
Semiconductor Industry
Chun‐Teh Lee1, Ching‐Torng Lin1
1Dayeh University, Taiwan

An application‐oriented methodology using tear‐down analysis andstrategic evaluation is presented to prioritize technologies forinvestments. The technologies are prioritized by an assessment of theirmarket attractiveness and organization’s competitive position.
Successful application of the methodology to a few leading
semiconductor foundry companies has proved its usefulness. Thismethodology can be applied to the major semiconductor companies
along the supply chain of the semiconductor industry. Thoughspecialized for the semiconductor industry, many aspects of thismethodology can be generalized for other industries that exhibit atechnological flow driven by product applications.

Integration of Customer Based Features in Digital Mock‐ups
Heiner Lasi1, Henning Baars1, Hans‐Georg Kemper1
1Universität Stuttgart, Germany

The development and the enhancing of industrial goods require
customer knowledge as a permanent input in R&D and production
processes. The origin of the customer knowledge – the customer itself –usually just stays in contact with the business units marketing, sales
and service. Several studies illustrate that in most industrial Small andMedium‐sized Enterprises (SME) there remains an informational gap
between customer oriented and product oriented business units. As aconsequence valuable customer knowledge is neglected during
product development. To improve this situation a concept for asolution is developed that enables businesses to utilize customer datafrom CRM systems in existing CAx systems. The solution utilizes
feature technologies that are modified for the inclusion of customer
based features. Hence, the voice of the customer can be used to enhance
product development and manufacturing processes.

A proof of concept with a prototype that is built upon a standard
CAD system and a standard CRM system demonstrates thefeasibility of realizing the solution.

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsA (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Safety and Security
Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Venus II
Zhizhong Li and Zahid Qureshi

An Application of the Relevance Matrix Methodology in
Occupational Risk Evaluation
Assed Haddad1, Daniel DeSouza2
1Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
2North Fluminense State University, Brazil

This paper presents an application of the Relevance Matrix
Methodology in the field of health and safety at work. Thisapplication addresses organizational risk management at theworkplace. The Relevance Matrix Methodology is applied topromote risk analysis and management. Its aim is risk
prioritization through the determination of an organization’s
critical risks in various sectors. Software was developed to help
and facilitate the methodological application as well as to develop
simulations. We simulate various weights for several factors
resulting in different levels of prioritization when using the results.
A case study of this application was developed using real datafrom a chemical factory. We explore several possibilities for thesesimulations. Traditional values for the factors used do notguarantee the best prioritization. Results found show theimportance of appropriate Risk Ranking and the correct
determination of factors and weights used in the Relevance Matrix.
Risk Assessment of Ship Navigation Using Bayesian Learning
Shenping Hu1, Cunqiang Cai1, Quangen Fang1
1Shanghai Maritime University, China

Risk has a random uncertainty. Risks associated with a shipnavigation at sea are analyzed to solve the problem of uncertainty
and a developing method is applied to be feasible to work out.
Based on Bayesʹ point estimate and Bayesian learning to estimate
the traffic accidents related to ship navigation, an analysis model isestablished for the quantitative risk assessment (QRA) of the vessel
traffic system at sea. After the analysis on occurrence likelihood of
the accidents related to ship traffic, a structure on the basis ofBayesian networks is developed to obtain the QRA of their relative
risks. QRA is also put forward after analyzing the features andsituations of the vessel traffic system and identifying thecorresponding feature including characteristics of those hazards.
The risk distributions of ship navigation are described and results
are presented on QRA in relation to various features by using thismethod. This method, verified in the cases of QRA, turns out to befeasible by the use of machine learning.
Modeling Industrial Safety: A Sociotechnical Systems
Perspective
Zahid Qureshi1, Muhammad Ashraf1, Yousef Amer1
1University of South Australia, Australia

Highly technological systems such as advanced manufacturingsystems, aviation, telecommunications, nuclear power plants,
chemical and petroleum process industry are increasingly
becoming more complex, leading to new kinds of system failures
and accidents. Traditional safety modeling approaches are notsuitable to analyze accidents that occur in modern sociotechnicalsystems, where accident causation is not the result of an individualcomponent failure or human error. This paper discusses sometraditional safety models and their limitations, and describes new
system‐theoretic approaches to the modeling and analysis of
accidents in complex systems. This paper also discusses emerging
research in cognitive systems engineering, sociological analysis,
and resilience engineering for safety analysis, accident modelingand safety management of complex industrial systems.

The Effect of Competitiveness on Occupational Safety
Päivi Hämäläinen1
1Tampere University of Technology, Finland

Globalization has chanced the occupational safety situation atcountry level. Work have a heavy impact on health, andwork‐related morbidity and mortality affect the worker and ones
family, as well as increase costs for society. The gross domestic
product and the World Economic Forum competitiveness index
were used to explained occupational accidents and work‐relateddiseases differ from each others in regions. Competitiveness ishighest in the countries where fatality rate is the lowest.
ccupational developments of work, work conditions, and work
environments have an effects on productivity, working climate,safety culture, and workers commitment. These are all factors,
which effect on competitiveness at company level, as well as
country level.
A Comparative Study of Anti‐Phishing Preparedness of Hong
Kong and Singapore Banks
Indranil Bose1, Alvin Leung1
1The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Phishing poses a huge threat to the electronic commerce industry.
Not only does it shatter the confidence of customers towards
e‐commerce, but also causes electronic service providers
tremendous economic loss. In order to safeguard the interest ofcustomers, both academia and industrial practitioners haveproposed various anti‐phishing measures and online security
policies. In this paper, we investigate the banking industry, which
is one of the frequent targets of phishing, of two prominentinternational financial hubs ‐ Hong Kong and Singapore. Our goal
is to examine how well banks are prepared against phishing byanalyzing security information available on their official Web sites.
The result shows that among four types of phishing attacks, banks
in both places are well prepared to handle bogus Web sites but are
inadequately prepared to handle phishing email. In terms of
method of presentation of security information, banks in bothregions generally prefer FAQs and demonstrations. Despite somesimilarity, it is found that some regional factors, for instance,
government advocacy, plays a significant role in adoption of
security measures. Through this research, we hope to give someinsights to both industrial practitioners and academic researchers
about preparedness of banks against phishing.
RSA‐based Secure Electronic Cash Payment System
Yun Ling1, Yiming Xiang1, Xun Wang1
1Zhejiang Gongshang University, China

The wide application of E‐commerce has put forward the new
demands on the modes of Web payment. E‐cash payment system isa key mode of current all web electronic payment. In this paper, anovel secure and convenient E‐cash payment scheme is proposed
based on analyzing the present technology of E‐cash. This scheme
is composed of three protocols, which are withdrawal protocol,
payment protocol and deposit protocol. Utilizing the property ofthe modulus operation, this scheme could meet the demand of
E‐cash with only few public keys, and solve the problem of
payment change by using blind signature and direct signature. At
last, a prototype system is realized. The experiment result showsthat proposed E‐cash system is feasible.

43

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsB (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Human Factors (1)Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Venus II
Bor‐Shong Liu and Martin Helander

The Effect of Feedforward Training to Improve Inspector
Performance
Vanchai Laemlaksakul1, Sittichai Kaewkuekool2
1King Mongkutʹs Institute of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand
2King Mongkutʹs Institute of Technology Thonburi, Thailand

The purpose of this research was to study the inspector
performance using feedforward training with visual inspection
training program. This program simulated search tasks, whichwere Thai characters. Defects were ถ and ภ of Thai characters andalso the background characters ด, ค, ก, ง, ย, ร, and ม this was thedensity of background which filled about 30% of all areas of eachscreen. Nine subjects were randomly chosen and passed efficiency
test of eyes. Training steps were divided in three levels to provide
basic information, percent of defects, and location of defects,
respectively. The results showed that inspector performance was
improved. Search times showed significantly difference at the levelof 0.01 and accuracy in defect detected showed significantly
difference at the level of 0.05. This could be concluded that
feedforward training affected inspector performance.
Semi‐autonomous Groups Application in Brazil: A
Survey‐based Approach
Paulo Eduardo Simonetti1, Roberto Marx1
1University of Sao Paulo, Brazil

Purpose: to survey the application of semi‐autonomous groups
and teamwork in a sample of firms, searching for patterns, results
achieved and theory testing using inductive statistics.
Design/methodology: an inter‐sectorial sample, composed of 49
firms that recognize to adopt the concept of autonomy. A
questionnaire was sent either by email or conventional mail, todetermine the characteristics of the firms respondents, thedeepness and span of the teams’ autonomy, results achieved, etc.
Findings: positive correlation between the degree of autonomy andresults associated to superior capacity of learning, flexibility, andbetter information flow;
Research limitations: results are limited to the sample, which was
not designed to be probabilistic.
Originality/value: the instrument used to evaluate the degree ofteams’ autonomy has shown statistical consistency, measured by
Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. The method can be replicated byother researchers at any other sample. It’s also the first survey
specific to the theme, in Brazil.
Construction of Online Game Addiction Based on Player
Experience
Hua Qin1, P.L. Patrick Rau1, Hao‐qin Zhong1
1Tsinghua University, China

Although many researches focus on online game addiction, few ofthem study its formation based on players. The objective of thestudy is to explore the formation of online game addiction basedon the players and find the factors of leading to online gameaddiction by empirical approaches. This study adopted aquestionnaire on a website to investigate the relationship between
the addiction and flow experience, behavior repetition andpsychological profile among Chinese college students. After
ANOVA and regression analysis, results indicate that behavior
repetition is the main contribution in the course of online gameaddicting. Then flow experience of the players is the facilitating
factor. Loneliness of the players also is the latent factor. The threefactors jointly result in online game addiction.

44

Study on Structure Dimension of Intellectual Employees’
Psychological Contract in Hi‐tech Companies in China
Liying Wang1, Jin Chen2, Lixin Zhou3
1Zhejiang University & China Jiliang University, China
2Zhejiang University, China
3Hangzhou Centre of China Quality Certification Centre, China

The results indicated that it is more appropriate to describe thepsychological contract of Chinese intellectual employees in Hi‐techCompanies with three‐dimension structure model. Based on thethrough review of the past research, deep conversation andadvanced study, 160 intellectual employees had been investigatedwith the psychological contract structure questionnaire. The resultof exploratory factor analysis revealed that the organization’s
obligation of psychological contract consisted of transaction
obligation, development obligation and interpersonal obligation,
while the individual’s obligation consisted of rules keeping
obligation, organizational identity obligation and cooperation
obligation. Furthermore, the three‐ dimension model ofintel‐lectual employees psychological contract was testified in theconfirmatory factor analysis. At last, the paper discussed thedifferences compared to others results and the meaning of theresearch. Moreover, this article also sets up a compre‐hensive
motivation model with the same base, and the pro‐posal toestablish commitment‐focused incentives. If the psy‐chologicalcontract between employees and their employers can be kept,
consolidated, revised and developed all the time, the various
motivation methods can be effectively integrated, and employees’
innovation ability will be virtually stimulated
Influence of Control Modes and Complexity on Performance ofManual‐control Spacecraft Rendezvous and Docking
Yijing Zhang1, Yongzhong Xu2, J. Li3, Zhizhong Li1, Su Wu1
1Tsinghua University, China
2China Astronaut Research & Training Center, China
3China Astronaut Research and Training Center, China

Spacecraft rendezvous and docking (RVD) is one of the major tasks
in space flight mission. This study focused on the influence ofcontrol modes and complexity on the Chinese operator
performance in manual‐controlled RVD. A simulated RVD system
was developed. 15 male subjects aged 23‐40 participated in theexperiment. Examined in the experiment were two control modes(mode A – engine control and mode B –direct control) and threetask complexity levels ( level 1 ‐ one axis RVD control, level 2 – twoaxes RVD control, and level 3 – three axes RVD control).
Conclusions from the statistical analysis on the experiment data
include: Control mode A required longer operation time thanmode B did; the RVD operation time increased with the increase oftask complexity; under task complexity level 2, operators felt muchbetter to finish the RVD control tasks; and subjects preferred
control mode B which was conformable to their operate experience.
These conclusions can be useful to the spacecraft design andastronauts training.
A Comparative Study of Musical Navigation Methods for
Visually Impaired Users of GUI Systems
Qianyi Zhao1, Song Xu1, Zhizhong Li1, L. Wang1
1Tsinghua University, China

Graphical user interface (GUI) systems were considered as obstructions
for the visually impaired users since it relied too much on visualchannel. Thus, various auditory stimuli combined with speech served
as complementary in these systems. The purpose of this study was tocompare the performance of musical stimuli (called earcons) withdifferent constructions for communicating positional information ofauditory cursors to visually impaired persons. Four different types of
earcons were studied, including sequence of notes (SE), regrouped
sequence of notes (R‐SE), quadrant (QU), and decimal digit (DE).
Twenty subjects participated in navigation of abstract coordinate
locations within a graphical interface divided into 40 rows and 40
columns. Six timbres and voices were used in the construction of
earcons to avoid ambiguity and confusion. Both objective andsubjective criteria were adopted in evaluation of the four types of
earcons. The results of ANOVA indicated that: 1) Compared with SE
and QU, R‐SE and DE have lower error rates; 2) With SE method, moreerrors occurred in the area far from origin than the area near origin,whereas error distribution was better‐proportioned in R‐SE, QU andDE; 3) Efficiency was much higher in QU and DE than SE and R‐SE.
Finally discussed in this paper are advantages and disadvantages of thefour methods for navigation in GUI system for visually impaired users.

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsC (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Human Factors (2)Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Venus II
Assed Haddad and Kay Chuan Tan

Characteristics of Speeders on Freeway Ramps
Bor‐Shong Liu1, Chien‐Hung Lo1
1St. Johnʹs University, Taiwan

A mobile recording system, with integrated laser speed gun, videofrom CCD‐cameras, digital recorder and auxiliary battery system, wasused to observe driving behavior at ramp metering of freeway.
Cameras were mounted on a soft shoulder to record: traffic‐light status
and driving speed from laser speed gun. In addition, one of cameras
with telephoto lens focused on windshield of vehicle to catch driversʹ
characteristics (i.e. age, gender) and vehicle type. After removal of
instances of interference, 1538 driving behaviors were recorded. Binary
logistic regression was used to examine the risk of speeding as afunction of covariates and interaction terms. The results of analysis
revealed that the major contributing factors for approaching speed
were traffic‐light condition, vehicle type and driversʹ gender. Analysisof binary logistic regression showed that male van drivers had thegreatest speeding propensity in our sample (OR = 24.36). The relativerisk of speeding for traveling in passenger absence is four times higher
than for passenger presence. Moreover, present results confirm thatvehicle‐type effects vary with traffic light condition. The results of thepresent study may provide meaningful information applicable to thedesign and operation of ramp metering system.
Mobile Search: How to Present Search Results for Older Users
Ronggang Zhou1, Hitomi Sato2, Qin Gao1, P.L. Patrick Rau1, Yoko Asano2,
Kaori Fujimura2, Fan Gao1, Harumi Saito2
1Tsinghua University, China
2Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Co., Japan

With thirty‐one older participants, this study is conducted toinvestigate how to present search results on mobile device with aim to
improve older users’ mobile search performance and satisfaction, andto alleviate perceived disorientation and task workload. The focus
groups section is to consider the issue of how many total number ofsearch results should be provided for small‐screen search. And with a 2(with or without presentation of search results) × 3 (how many results
should be displayed when total search results determined) factor
experiment is designed to look at the users’ mobile search behavior.
Based on the results, some guidelines were excluded for those involved
in designing approaches that are more appropriate for older users’using small screen contexts.
A Study Of the Consistence of Subjective Rating for
Icon‐Background Color Combinations for Small Computer Icons
Shih‐Miao Huang1
1National Formosa University, Taiwan

The color combination suggestions deducted from the single average ofuser preference scores might not be appropriate because different
people might prefer different color combinations. Therefore, thisstudy tried to verify that the degrees of rating consistence between
subjects are various for different color combinations. The standard
deviation of each color combination is calculated to judge the rating
consistence between subjects for each color combination. Cluster
analysis with nonhierarchical procedures is used to categorize the color
combinations by the clustering variables, both standard deviations oflegibility and aesthetic rating. The results showed that the degree ofrating consistence between subjects was low for most color
combinations because the means of standard deviations for aesthetics
and legibility were higher for most color combinations. Besides, theresults suggested that there are 65 color combinations which areappropriate to be used as default color combinations for skinninginterfaces because these color combinations had higher rating
consistence and with higher legibility and aesthetic score.
A Pilot Measurement of Head‐Related Transfer Function Blur in
Spatial Localization
Song Xu1, Liang Zeng1, Zhizhong Li1, Changdong Tian1, Gavriel Salvendy1
1Tsinghua University, China

A Study of Morphological Influence on Head‐Related Transfer
FunctionsSong Xu1, Zhizhong Li1, Liang Zeng1, Gavriel Salvendy1
1Tsinghua University, China

Much effort has been put on the Head‐Related Transfer Function(HRTF), which is the core technology to generate three‐dimensional(3D) virtual sound. Due to the errors in sound location by
non‐individual HRTFs, it is necessary to produce 3D sound based on
individualized HRTFs. In this paper, the morphological influence on
HRTFs was studied to examine the possibility of HRTF
individualization by morphological features of human body. Fromcorrelation analysis and Principle Component Analysis (PCA), it was
found that morphological measurements have different effects on themagnitudes of the HRTFs at different frequencies. Some key
measurements were detected to well reflect the HRTF variations.
Road Hazard Reaction Testing Using Driving Simulation: the Novice
vs. the Experienced Drivers
Ying Wang1, Peng Peng1, Lijun Liang1, Wei Zhang1, Su Wu1
1Tsinghua University, China

It is believed that the novice drivers are less prepared for potential roadhazards and their reaction mode to hazards is different from theexperienced drivers. Main road hazards in China were identified using
focus group discussions and questionnaires. Then virtual reality
technology was used to develop five most important hazards forexperimental study. In this preliminary study, two groups of Chinese
drivers (8 novice and 8 experienced) were tested on a driving
simulation system. Their reaction to the hazards in terms of average
driving speed, braking operation against suddenly appeared hazards,
and wheel steering were automatically collected and analyzed. Results
indicate that experienced drivers drive slower before potential hazards
and their reaction to sudden appeared hazards are more appropriate.
Potential impacts of this method and result include developing
interventions for novice driver training program and developing
hazard warning devices.
User Perceived Quality of Online Social Information Services: From
the Perspective of Knowledge Management
Yusen Dai1, Qin Gao1, Zao Fan1, Ruogu Kang1
1Tsinghua University, China

Features of online social information services show promises forovercoming obstacles in current knowledge management practices.
This paper first discussed the potential efficacy and emerging practicesof such technologies in the domain of knowledge management. Then aquality model of online social information systems was derived fromprior literature on online information service quality and analyses ofcharacteristics of emerging technologies. An online questionnaire wasdeveloped and administrated to 168 users. Four quality dimensions
that are perceived as important by users were identified by factor
analysis and proved to be reliable: system usability, content quality,
content exchangeability and accessibility, and sociability. The findingsof this research provide implications for developers of both enterpriseknowledge management systems and public social websites, and canfacilitate future development of the instrument measuring the qualityof online social service from other perspectives.
An Empirical Study on the Influencing Factors of Effectiveness ofStrategic Decision‐Making and Its Relation with Performance
Improvement: Evidence from China
Bei Hu1, Jiajun Gu1
1Huazhong University of Science & Technology, China

Strategic decision‐making has long been a topic of great interest in bothorganization theory and strategic management. This article explores
the strategic decision‐making. It is organized around two researchquestions: (1) what are the factors influencing the strategic decisions to
make? And (2) Does strategic decision‐making link to performance?
The research proves that procedural rationality, intuition will bepositively related to strategic decision making effectiveness, and while
TMT conflict has the contrary effect. It also finds strategic decision
making effectiveness will be positively related to performance
improvement. But the hypothesis that environmental factors will bepositively related to strategic decision making effectiveness does notbeen verified.

The new concept of “HRTF Blur” is proposed in this paper to describe
the uncertainty of human perception in locating a virtual sound source.
From the experiment with subject’s participation, it is concluded thatsignificant HRTF Blur does exist. This paper provides a method tomeasure the HRTF Blur. The consistency of HRTF Blur between two
measurement options (measured inwards and outwards) and amongdays is examined.

45

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsA (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Supply Chain Management (1)Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Mercury I
D.Y. Sha and Tong Shu

Service Pricing Strategy for Third Party Logistics Corporations
Implementing VMI
Lindu Zhao1, Lei Tang1
1Southeast University, China

To let the service pricing strategy of third party logistics
corporations satisfy each supply chain partner’s “participation
constraints”
and“incentive‐compatibility
constraints”,
consequently promote the formation of new alliance and guarantee
its stability. Applying Stackelberg game, the transfers of cost
structures and the changes of profit functions in two models:
manufacturer implementing VMI services model and the third
party logistics corporation implementing VMI services model, areanalyzed respectively, and the service pricing strategy for third
party logistics corporations implementing VMI is obtained. Resultsof the example show that: after putting related service pricing
strategy in practice, the third party logistics corporations
implementing VMI can increase total profits of the supply chain;and the changes of the productions’ price elasticity in final
consumption market have little effects on the service pricing
decision‐making. The results are helpful to apply third party
logistics and VMI mode widely in practice..

Selection Model and N‐tier Expansion of Collaborative
Credit‐granting Guaranty Approaches on the Basis of AVE
Tong Shu1, Shou Chen1, Bart MacCarthy2, Luc Muyldermans2, Kin KeungLai3, Shouyang Wang4
1Hunan University, China
2University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
3City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
4Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Collaborative credit granting is a vital link in the operation of AVE
chain and its supply chain. This paper first analyzes themeasurement model of modern credit risk, and then it puts forth
the selection model of collaborative credit‐granting guaranty
approaches on the basis of capital property pricing, and somecorresponding conclusions are further drawn on the empiricalstudies. At the same time, n‐tier expansion is made for thecollaborative credit‐granting monitoring mechanism on the basis
of AVE. Under this mechanism, the credit risk in the AVE
enterprises can be optimized; and the AVE chain matches theworking mechanism in their capacities of real‐time resource
sharing, n‐tier resource allocation, mission assignment, control andsupervision. Ultimately, the distance management and risk
blockage could be achieved on the supply chains in the all the AVE
enterprises by forming a strong self‐organized and self‐control
working chain.
Supplier Selection Using Rough Set Theory
Betty Chang1, Hsu‐Feng Hung2, Chih‐Chung Lo3
1National Chen‐Chi University, Taiwan
2National Ilan University, Taiwan
3Fo Guang University, Taiwan

Supply Chain Risk Analysis with Fuzzy Cognitive Maps
Orhan Feyzioglu1, Gulcin Buyukozkan1, Mehmet Sakir Ersoy1
1Galatasaray University, Turkey

To achieve continuous customer satisfaction and sustain
competency, a company must identify, evaluate, rank, and manage
its supply chain risks. These risk factors and system components
are linked in a complicated manner via direct and indirect
relationships. This study suggests a systematic way of analyzing
supply chain risks using a cognitive map (CM) approach. CMs
have proven particularly useful for solving problems in which a
number of decision variables and uncontrollable variables arecausally interrelated.
Dynamic Allocation of Inventory in an RFID enabled
Transportation Network
Sandeep Jain1, Rajesh Kumar2
1Hewlett Packard, India
2I2 Technologies, India

With increased globlization, companies across the world prefer tobuild globally, sell globally and also source globally. In this
scenario, companies would need a tool for real time visibility into
all aspects of their supply chain including transportation andshipping. RFID is one such tool and the promise of RFID‐enabled
supply chains is that organizations will have completed, accurate,
and timely end to end visibility of their supply chain. This paper
tries to see what would be the value brought by RFID generated
visibility in the area of transportation and shipping. We analyze ascenario where an organization, in response to a changed demand
pattern, takes a corrective action by reallocating its inventory
which is already en‐route to a specific geographic entity, to othergeographical entities. Advocates of RFID claim that, dynamic
allocation of inventory (including tracing, picking, de‐packing andpacking etc), which is undergoing transportation can be enabled, if
RFID has been implemented in the transportation/shipping
network. We develop a mathematical model to evaluate therevenue generation model for the supply chain. Using simulation,
we prove that such dynamic re‐allocation of inventory would
indeed generate higher average profits. Thus it builds a concrete
case for implementation of RFID in transportation and shipping.

46

The purpose of this study was to build a model of supplierselection to improve organizational capability and competitiveness,
as well as to apply the model to solve practical problems. The
critical criteria for supplier evaluation were chosen and thequestionnaire was developed after literature review. The
questionnaire differentiates Class 1 (excellent firms), Class 2(common firms), and Class 3 (disappointed firms) from suppliers
to be evaluated by participants. Then a rough set theory (RST) wasused to analyze the rules of supplier selection. After attribute
reduct and core were derived, the decision‐making rules werecreated by the supplier selection model. The study shows thatrough set theory can be adopted as main analysis method forenterprises to find the optimum supplier partners quickly andaccurately in designing and organizing of supply chain.
A Hybrid Fuzzy Clustering PSO Algorithm for a Clustering
Supplier Problem
Esmaeil Mehdizadeh1, Reza Tavakkoli‐Moghaddam2
1Islamic Azad University, Qazvin Branch, Iran2University of Tehran, IranThis paper presents a fuzzy decision‐making approach to deal
with a clustering supplier problem in a supply chain system.
During recent years, determining suitable suppliers in the supply
chain has become a key strategic consideration. However, thenature of these decisions is usually complex and unstructured. In
general, many quantitative and qualitative factors, such as quality,
price, and flexibility and delivery performance, must be
considered to determine suitable suppliers. The aim of this study isto present a new approach for a particle swarm optimization (PSO)
algorithm to clustering suppliers under fuzzy environments into
manageable smaller groups with similar characteristics. Our
numerical analysis indicates that the proposed PSO improves theperformance of the fuzzy c‐means (FCM) algorithm.

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsB (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Supply Chain Management (2)Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Mercury I
Noor Hasnah Moin and Christoph Schwindt

Supply Chain Grounded on Information Theory: A Hierarchical
Economic Information Filtering Model of Supplier Selection
Tong Shu1, Shou Chen1, Bart MacCarthy2, Luc Muyldermans2, Kin KeungLai3, Shouyang Wang4
1Hunan University, China
2University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
3City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
4Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

This paper establishes a new hierarchical economic information
filter model of supplier selection by analyzing the development
process of the supplier selection methods as well as the historic
criterion system and on the basis of the results of multiple turns ofinvestigating and interviewing the management staff in different
manufacturing enterprises. This model divides the selection
process where the leading enterprises on the supply chain choose
the suppliers into three stages: the stage of information collection
and release, the stage of supplier selection and the stage ofdynamic assessment of suppliers, corresponding to the criterion
system of selecting and evaluating suppliers in Hierarchy1 search,
Hierarchy2 search, and Hierarchy 3 search. The establishment andapplication of this model can help specify the major tasks and fociof selecting and evaluating suppliers at different stages. It can help
the leading enterprises adjust suppliers dynamically in terms of
the assessment results. It can help shield from information
disturbance and noises in selecting and evaluating suppliers at
different stages. It can be seen as an extension of filtering economic
information at different stages and in different modules.
Supply Chain Grounded on Information Theory: Criterion
Weighting and Its Explication of A Hierarchical Economic
Information Filtering Model of Supplier Selection
Tong Shu , Shou Chen , Bart MacCarthy , Luc Muyldermans , Kin KeungLai3, Shouyang Wang4
1Hunan University, China
2University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
3City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
4Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
1

1

2

2

This paper explicates the criterion system weighting andimportance sequence of supplier selection synthetically, in terms of
Hierarchy Economic Information Filtering Model, multiple turnsof feedback from the management staff in manufacturingindustries as well as Analytic Hierarchy Process. Hierarchy
Economic Information Filtering Model helps increase theprobability of gaining valid information in supplier selection. The
criterion system in the model is the valid information collection in
supplier selection. The mean of dyadic comparisons among eachhierarchy criterion is the degree of information relative importancein supplier selection. The results of each hierarchy criterion
sequence are the importance sequencing of the information weightin valid information collection in supplier selection. Hierarchy
Economic Information Filtering Model defines the information
search criterion of supplier selection. It helps increase information
search efficiency, save information search time and reduce cost. It
helps dynamic supplier information filtrate, select, treat andresponse in real time.
A Simulation and Prediction Model to enhance e‐Service
Sharing and SCM Market Competition
Johannes K. Chiang1, Kiekang Chao1
1MIS, National Chengchi University, Taiwan

Traffic behavior in a large‐scale logistic network can be viewed as acomplex non‐linear system. It is very difficult to illustrate thelong‐term network service traffic behavior in a large‐scale network.
The Internet, underlying the modern SCM, can be seen as the
combination of Service Providers (SPs) and Internet Service
Exchange (IXPs) providers. There are increasing professional
logistic service providers become brick‐and‐motor SP‐firms ine‐business. Due to market competition among SPs and IXPs,
Internet users, such users of logistic services, will experience a
different and enhanced quality of services (QoS), consequently
affecting the network traffic model.

This paper presents a cybernetic traffic model in the IXPs / SPs
environment, this model simulates IXPs / SPs market competition
behavior and determines that Exchange‐providers’ market sharewill be diluted through market competition. Routing as well as
service binding strategies are presented / proposed in this study.
This paper is also to present routing strategies to vary according to
the different competing environments resulting in a model that ismeant to lead competitive pricing strategies and capacity
allocation for intelligent SCM decision support.
Alignment Strategies of AMT with E‐Commerce Setting to
Improve Business Strategy in the Supply Chain Operations
Environment ‐ An Empirical Study
D.Y. Sha1, P.K. Chen2, Yung‐Hsin Chen3
1Chung Hua University, Taiwan
2National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
3Asia University, Taiwan

The purpose of this study is to explore which alignment strategiesof advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) with e‐commercesetting can develop adequate condition to meet different businessstrategies requirements in practice. This study is based on 127
Asian samples sieved from the International Manufacturing
Strategy Survey (IMSS) database, and applies a hypothesis‐test toinfer the result. From these Asian samples, we found that the
manufacturers usually adopt two business strategies such as
product strategy, and high‐quality product/delivery strategies tomaintain or improve competitive advantage. To As to whatbusiness strategies can be successfully put into practice, the resultsof test indicates that two different alignment strategies of AMT
with e‐commerce setting can develop appropriate condition tosatisfy the requirements of two kind of business strategies. Ourfinding provides the insight very beneficial for manufacturers toreconsider their alignment strategies of AMT with e‐commercesetting to meet business strategies in different context.
Sourcing from China – The Challenges of Swiss Companies
Josef Oehmen1, Robert Alard1, Philipp Bremen1
1ETH Zurich, Switzerland

Global sourcing and especially sourcing from China is growing
rapidly in importance worldwide. This is also true for Switzerland.
This paper presents the challenges facing Swiss companies ofdifferent sizes and depth of experience when sourcing from China,
based on a case study of 8 companies. The 34 challenges are
structured along a global sourcing process and the type of distance(psychic or geographical). The results show that severe problems
remain not only in areas that attract current research interests, butalso in areas that are well‐established in literature. Scholars
therefore face the double challenge of enhancing the state of the art
in research, as well as transferring effectively already establishedconcepts into the industrial practice.
Can Learning Intelligence Outperforms Information Sharing in
Supply Chain Performances ‐ An Order Arrival Prediction
Perspective
Kune‐muh Tsai1, Feng‐Chin Chou2, Wen‐chen Chen1
1National Kaohsiung First University of Science & Technology, Taiwan
2Wu Feng Institute of Technology, Taiwan

To improve competitive advantage and operational performancesof supply chains, we implement multi‐agent supply chain
modeling with learning capability to predict order arrival times
that manufacturers can pre‐produce to shorten order lead time fordownstream customer orders. As order lead time is reduced,
bullwhip effect of supply chains would also be minimized. Twokinds of learning agents are embedded in traditional supply chainsto learn from past experiences to predict next order arrival time.
We use back propagation neural networks and an order arrival
pattern matching (OAPM) algorithm with belief set models for theprediction. The performances are compared with the traditional
supply chain and the VMI‐based supply chain. Results show thateven with tailored learning intelligence, the VMI‐based supply
chain still performs better than the others. However, the two
supply chains with learning agents outperform the traditional
supply chain. This implies that learning intelligence can assist in
predicting order arrival times, but information sharing seems to do
it even better.

47

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsC (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Supply Chain Management (3)Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Mercury I
Ching‐Jung Ting and Young Park

Minimum Cost Delivery Problem in Intermodal Transportation
Networks
Haiqing Song1, Gongyu Chen2
1National University of Singapore, Singapore
2Sun Yat‐Sen University, China

Intermodal movements are those in which two or more different
transportation modes are linked end‐to‐end in order to move freight
and/or people from point of origin to point of destination. In theintermodal transportation network, the departure times of thetransportation modes are pre‐scheduled and there is a list of departure
times associated with each transportation mode. This paper considers
the problem of finding the minimum cost delivery route for an
origin‐destination pair where the total cost of a delivery consists of thetransportation cost, the transition cost and the holding cost of possible
transshipping. We provide a method which expends the intermodaltransportation network on time‐space into a general network in which
each arc only associates with one attribute, namely, the arc cost. We
show that given a release time at the origin and a due date at thedestination, the minimum cost delivery problem is equivalent with ashortest path problem in the time‐space network. Hence, the problem
can be solved efficiently.
Simulation of Order Scheduling under Hybrid Order Fulfillment
Strategy
Uwe Clausen , Ling Zhou , Sandeep B. Khot , Bernhard Heimann
1Dortmund University, Germany
1

1

1

1

In recent aggressive competition age, automobile manufacturingindustries are trying to implement innovative strategies compare to
traditional Build‐To‐Forecast to cut large order fulfillment time (leadtimes).
The
researchwork
here
concentrates
onthediscrete‐event‐simulation of order‐scheduling process in automobile
industry and try to explore the possibilities of innovative strategies for
optimization of order scheduling and hence lead‐times. It gives
detailed analysis of order fulfillment process and strategies throughpractical case studies in automotive industries. It introduces new
hybrid strategy, which is supported by results obtained in simulation
model
Selection of Potential 3PL Services Providers Using TOPSIS with
Interval Data
M.N. Qureshi1, Dinesh Kumar1, Pradeep Kumar1
1Indian Institute of Technology, India

Third party logistics (3PL) providers plays a vital role in fulfilling the
dream of shippers through effective logistical supply chain
management. 3PL services providers satisfy the customers’ demand of
supplying the shippers’ product in required time at required
destination thereby help the shippers in enhancing their market share.
The efficient supply of their products, not only wins the heart of theworthy customers, but also fetches profits which expand their business.

However, the shippers objectives may gets fulfilled only by
selecting potential 3PL services providers, hence a care must be
taken before the contract is awarded to 3PL services providers. The
paper presents the methodology to earmark potential 3PL services
providers using Technique for Order preference by Similarity to
Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methodology with interval data. Criteria
importance weights have been derived using Analytic Hierarchy
Process (AHP) in order to judge 3PL services providers. The paper
presents the extended TOPSIS methodology, by illustrating a caseproblem.
Implementing Design for Six Sigma for Supply Chain Design
Yousef Amer , Lee Luong , Sang‐Heon Lee , William Y C Wang ,Muhammad Ashraf1, Zahid Qureshi1
1University of South Australia, Australia
1

1

1

1

The changing paradigms in Manufacturing in the global market since
the late 1990ʹs have seen the emergence of more collaborative
manufacturing ventures, an increase in outsourcing and a review of therelationship between manufacturing, operations management andlogistics and their place in the overall supply chain. Building effective
supply chains has become a way to develop a firmʹs competitivenessand profitability requiring firms to make the shift from a functionallybased organisation to one focused on business processes, first internallyand then across the supply chain members. Consequently supply chain
members must have measurable outcomes that reflect bottom line

48

improvement in supply chain processes and research is required tounderstand how to identify appropriate supply chain metrics,
implement them and measure results. Generic supply chain
frameworks such as the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR)
model aim to develop a common supply chain approach for firms with
an emphasis on benchmarking but there is some criticism that broader
frameworks are required so that managers can link supply chain
improvement to strategic plans, key performance indicators andimprovement goals. This paper presents Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) asa versatile methodology for approaching supply chain design andperformance measurement. The Demand Management process is
described as a critical to customer requirements (CCRs) and its
importance to business performance elaborated.
Research on the Problem of Deteriorating Items Multi‐warehouse
Qing Tian1, Sheng‐lu Zhang1
1Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, China

The research on the problem of multi‐warehouse according to thecharacteristics of deteriorating items can reduce the storage cost of thedeteriorating items, and raise the profits. The model of deteriorating
items multi‐warehouse is constructed using the mathematical analysis
method, which is used for solving the multi‐warehouse problem of
ensuring the number and reserve of the rented warehouse that alreadyhave an owned warehouse. The value analysis was operated using thebackstepping method. The result shows: This method is practical andeffective.
Employing Genetic Algorithms to Minimise the Bullwhip Effect in a
Supply Chain
Jianping Lu1, Paul Humphreys1, Ronan McIvor1, Liam Maguire1
1University of Ulster, United Kingdom

There has been considerable research interest in the last number ofyears demonstrating the effectiveness of Genetic Algorithms (GAs) to
reduce the Bullwhip Effect in supply chain management. One
criticism of this research is that the supply chain models employed
have been unrealistic and consider only a few stages within a supply
chain. In this paper, the authors present an improved supply chain
model, which is based on the beer game and includes additional cost
factors including ordering cost, distribution cost, production cost. GAs
are then employed to determine the optimal ordering policy for eachmember in the model. Through the experimental results, this paper
demonstrates that GAs can reduce the bullwhip effect and determine
the optimal order‐ing policy even in more complex supply chains.
Trust Evaluation Model for Fractal‐based Virtual Enterprises Using
Goal Achivement Probability
Jungtae Mun1, Moonsoo Shin1, Kyunghuy Lee2, Mooyoung Jung1
1POSTECH, South Korea
2Daejeon University, South Korea

In current business environment, competitiveness is no longer between
enterprises, but between enterprise networks because individual
enterprises often do not have all the necessary skills and competencies
to satisfy the new market requirements. In this environment, finding
the right and trustworthy partners largely affects the success of avirtual organization (VO) or a virtual enterprise (VE). This paper
proposes a fuzzy trust evaluation model of three types of fractal‐based
virtual enterprises; a single enterprise, a VO, and a VE. The goals andthe decision‐maker’s preferences are the inputs of the proposed model.
An evaluated trust value of an enterprise represents a weighted goal
achievement probability of how it could contribute to the success of a
VO or a VE.
A Fuzzy Association Rules Mining Approach for Modeling Agility in
Supply Chains
Vipul Jain1, Lyes Benyoucef1
1INRIA‐France, France

The key issue is the ability of the integrated supply chains to deliver oncompetitive
objectivesofFlexibility,
Profitability,
Quality,Innovativeness, Pro‐activity, Speed of response, Cost and Robustness. It
is therefore imperative to discover the relationships between theseagility attributes for supply chains in order to determine analyticalevaluation of agility. In this paper, we develop an approach based on
Fuzzy Association Rule Mining to support the decision makers byenhancing the flexibility in making decisions for modeling agility withboth tangibles and intangibles attributes. Also, by checking the fuzzyclassification rules, the goal of knowledge acquisition can be achievedin a framework in which evaluation of agility could be establishedwithout constraints, and consequently checked and compared inseveral details. Efficacy and intricacy of the proposed model for finding
fuzzy association rules from the database for evaluating agility isdemonstrated with the help of a numerical example.

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsA (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Operations Research and Application (1)Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Mercury II
Huifen Chen and Seok Ho Chang

Sensitivity of Manufacturer and Buyer’s Risks for Lifetime
Warranty Policies
Anisur Rahman1, Gopinath Chattopadhyay2
1Griffith University, Australia
2Central Queensland University, Australia

Lifetime warranties is becoming popular as they provide assurance
to buyer for longer reliable service and greater customer peace ofmind for the whole life of the product. By offering a lifetime
warranty, both the manufacturer and the buyer are exposed to
uncertainties and risks of warranty pricing and productperformance during the lifetime of the product. This paper
analyses the sensitivity of risk preferences models developed by
Chattopadhyay and Rahman in finding the optimal warranty pricethrough the use of the manufacturer’s utility function for
manufacturer’s profit and the buyer’s utility function for repair
cost. The sensitivity of the warranty price is analysed withnumerical example with respect to the factors such as the buyer’s
and the manufacturer/dealer’s risk preferences, buyer’s anticipatedand manufacturer’s estimated product failure intensity, the buyer’s
loyalty to the original manufacturer/dealer in repairing failed
product and the buyer’s repair costs for unwarranted products.
Incorporating Probabilistic Fuzzy Sets into the Newsvendor
Model with Hybrid Data
Huei‐Fu Lu1
1Aletheia University, Taiwan

This paper is to apply a fuzzy newsvendor inventory management
approach to analyze optimal order policy based on probabilistic
fuzzy sets with hybrid data so that the expected total cost is
minimized. We will find that, after defuzzification, the ordering
quantity and the expected total cost have slightly different between
the fuzzy model and the crisp model when the variation ofdemand is small.
As a result, we verify that the fuzzy
newsvendor model is one extension of the crisp models. Most
importantly, one may conclude that the fuzzy methodology leads
to a better result than using a single point estimate of the unknown
demand under the example of exponential distribution.
Analysis of an Unreliable Batch Machine and a Finite Buffer Fed
by an Unreliable Single‐Item Machine: Partial Batches
Seok Ho Chang1, Stanley Gershwin2
1Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
2Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States

A Robust Optimization Model for BTO Manufacturing Revenue
Management
Li Li1, Rongqiu Chen1, Xiang Zhang2, Xiangzhi Bu1
1Huazhong University of Science & Technology, China
2Beijing Institute of Technology, China

Based on revenue management, the pricing and capacity allocation
problem for Build‐to‐order (BTO) manufacturing industry is
studied quantitatively under uncertainty circumstances. Firstly, ajoint pricing and capacity allocation model is proposed based on
the analysis of the characteristics for BTO manufacturing revenue
management. Then, due to the demand uncertainty, a robust
optimization model is proposed to solve the model. Finally, a casestudy is formulated via numerical simulations. The results
illustrate the effectiveness of the model and provide several
managerial insights into the performance of revenue managementin BTO manufacturing.
Disjunctive and Time‐indexed Formulations for
Non‐preemptive Job Shop Scheduling with Resource
Availability Constraints
Sadia Azem1, Riad Aggoune2, Stephane Dauzere‐Peres3
1ENSM Saint‐Etienne, Luxembourg University, France
2Luxembourg University, Luxembourg
3ENSM Saint‐Etienne, France

In many real industrial situations machines may be non‐available
for processing jobs for instance when a machine breaks down orwhen a preventive maintenance activity is scheduled. This paper
deals with the job shop scheduling problem when machines are
not continuously available and this for better modeling of theindustry reality We assume that no preemption is allowed and we
introduce flexibility on machine unavailability periods byassuming that these latter are planned in time windows. This
flexibility is relevant when scheduling preventive machine
maintenance. Two mathematical models are presented andcompared. The first one is based on the disjunctive graph and thesecond one is time‐indexed. Numerical experiments on generated
benchmarks were performed with ILOG CPLEX 10.
Design Considerations of Terrestrial Communications System
Young C. Park1
1Baekseok University, South Korea

We study design considerations, measure of effectiveness (MOE)factors, for tactical communications system. Terrestrial
Communications System (TCS) architecture for Army is described
and the link delay performance as a grade of service (GOS) factor isanalyzed. One can see that flood search routing algorithm in meshnetworks is well suited for tactical communications network andsurvivability requirements.

This paper considers a flow line with two unreliable machines anda finite buffer. The first machine is an unreliable single‐itemmachine and the second machine is an unreliable batch machine.
The purpose of this paper is to present a model, and exact analysisof this system under the assumption of partial‐batch control policy.
We demonstrate generalized conservation of flow and flowrate‐idle time relationships. We present performance measures
such as production rate, expected in‐process inventory, mean sizeof batch served in the second machine, and probabilities ofblocking and starvation.

49

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsB (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Operations Research and Application (2)Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Mercury II
Gopinath Chattopadhyay and Huei‐Fu Lu

A Numerical Method for Solving a Class of Continuous‐timeLinear Programming Problems
Ching‐Feng Wen1, Yung‐Yih Lur2
1Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
2Vanung University, Taiwan

In this paper, we discuss a class of continuous‐time linear
programming problems (CLP) posed in a function space. A
practical and simple method for finding approximate solutions of(CLP) is presented. The convergence proof is provided for the
proposed scheme. By our constructive manner the error bound of
every approximate value can be estimated as well.
A Model of Placing a Liaison in the Same Level of a Pyramid
Organization Structure
Kiyoshi Sawada1
1University of Marketing & Distribution Sciences, Japan

This paper proposes a model of placing a liaison which forms
relations to all members with the same level in a pyramidorganization structure such that the communication of information
between every member in the organization becomes the mostefficient. For the model of adding a node of liaison which gets
adjacent to all nodes with the same depth N in a complete K‐arytree of height H which can describe the basic type of a pyramidorganization, we obtained an optimal depth N^* which maximizes
the sum of shortening lengths of shortest paths between every pairof all nodes in a complete K‐ary tree. It is shown that the optimal
depth is N^*=H, irrespective of K. This result means that the mostefficient level of forming relations to a liaison is the lowest level ofthe organization structure, irrespective of the number ofsubordinates.
Investigation on the short‐term variations of Electricity Demand
due to the Climate Changes via a Hybrid TSK‐FR Model
Hamed Shakouri G.1, Reza Nadimi1
1University of Tehran, IranElectricity demand forecasts in the short‐terms have a vital
application in electricity markets. Knowing that Energy is a
product of Power in Time, in this study, a fuzzy based relation
between the climate change and the average electricity
consumption duration is investigated. This paper introduces a type
III TSK fuzzy inference machine combined with a set of linear andnonlinear fuzzy regressors in the consequent part to model effectsof the climate change on the electricity demand. However, a
simplified version of the model is applied to daily data of theaverage temperature in Tehran, 2004. First, based on an initiallyfitted nonlinear curve, an optimization model is employed tocluster data into three groups of cold, temperate and hot. The
fuzzy data have been expanded to reduce the temperature volatile
property. Then the relation is estimated by the fuzzy regressions(REG) in company with the TSK model. Numerical results showhigh efficiency of the proposed combined fuzzy model.

50

Implementation of Particle Swarm Optimization in Constructionof Optimal Risky Portfolios
Mohammad Ali Dashti1, Yaghob Farjami1, Ahmad Vedadi1, Mohammad
Anisseh2
1Islamic Azad University, Iran2University Electrical & Computer Research Center, IranSince Markowitzʹs substantial work, the mean‐variance model has
revolutionized the way people think about portfolio of assets.
According to the modern portfolio theory, the fundamental
principle of financial investments is a diversification where
investors diversify their investments into different types of assets.
Constructing an optimal risky portfolio is a high‐dimensional
constrained optimization problem where financial investors look
for an optimal combination of their investments among different
financial assets with the aim of achieving a maximum
reward‐to‐variability ratio. Among the various methodologies
suggested, the most popular one is based on maximizing thewell‐known Sharpe ratio.
In this study, we apply particle swarm optimization (PSO) for
constructing optimal risky portfolios based on Sharpe ratio forfinancial investments. A particle swarm solver is developed andtested on a risky investment portfolio. The method is applied to asample of stocks in Tehran Stock Exchange. Experimental results
reveal that the proposed PSO algorithm provides a very feasible
and useful tool to assist the investors in planning their investment
strategy and constructing their portfolio.
Critical Routes Determination for Emergency Transportation
Network aftermath Earthquake
Afshin Shariat Mohaymany1, Nasim Pirnazar1
1Iran University of Science & Technology, IranTransportation networks have a vital role after math earthquake,therefore they are called as lifelines. Identifying critical routes forearthquake response in a populated city is very important. This
paper presents a goal programming (GP) approach to solve
maximal covering network design problem (MCNDP) in order to
identify critical routes, for earthquake response and to seismically
retrofit bridges. Because of the conflict exists between goals which
are minimization of the total travel time on selected routes andmaximization of the total covered population, a goal programming
based approach for solving MCNDP is proposed. This approach isdeveloped base on desirability of decision maker (DM) andtolerances which are considered on goal values. To illustrate
behavior of proposed model, a numerical example is provided andsolved. Computational results demonstrate the effectiveness of the
proposed approach.
Modeling of Energy Efficiency Indicator for Semiconductor
Industry
Li‐Ming Wu1, Bai‐Sheng Chen2
1Ching Yun University, Taiwan
2Takming University of Science & Technology, Taiwan

For purposes of energy conservation and environmental protection,
the government of Taiwan has set long‐term, solid policies tocontinuously encourage and assist the industry in improving theefficiency of energy utilization. While practical energy saving has
been successful to a limited extent due to multiple actions, nostrong evidence of improvement in energy efficiency was observed
from the energy efficiency indicators (EEI) system, according toannual national energy statistics and survey. In order to answer thequestion what the role energy efficiency plays in the EEI system, astructural analysis of EEI is absolutely inevitable.
The model is developed on the premise that the design parametersof the process are used to compare against the operationalparameters for energy differences. Utilization index of production
capability and variation index of energy utilization are formulated
as two variables in the model to describe the differences between
EEIs. An industrial example that produces eight‐inch silicon wafer
in the semiconductor industry of Taiwan was selected todemonstrate the application of the model. The annual energy
utilization efficiency of the process was evaluated and the amountof energy that had been saved or overused in the process wascomputed as well.

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsC (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Operations Research and Application (3)Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Mercury II
Stein W. Wallace and Hamed Shakouri G.

A Common Weighted Performance Evaluation Process by Using Data
Envelopment Analysis Models
Ching‐Hsiang Lai , Meng‐Ying Wei
1Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan
1

1

The finance literature searches for a link between production andperformance, controlling for variables, such as sales, firm size,
employee number, etc., that influence production packages. The
performance indices are designed according to the resulting effects anddetermine whether the performance model is appropriate or not,and/or whether the performance of system is good or not. In this paper,a process, based on data envelopment analysis (DEA), is developed toevaluate and rank the relative importance of key performance indices(KPIs). The relative importance of each KPI is evaluated by
performance loss measure, and each KPI is weighted according to themeasure. Then, the relative performance of each unit is the ratio of
weighted output to weighted input based on the common weights.
Optimization of Fuzzy Relational Equations with a Linear Convex
Combination of Max‐min and Max‐average Compositions
Yan‐Kuen Wu , Wen‐Wei Yang
1Vanung University, Taiwan
1

1

Max‐min and max‐product compositions are commonly utilized to
optimize a linear objective function subject to fuzzy relational
equations. Both are members in the class of max‐t‐norm composition.
In this study, a linear convex combination of max‐min and max‐averagecompositions is considered for the same optimization model, which
does not belong to the max‐t‐norm composition. However, this convex
combined composition generates some properties of the solution set
that are similar to the max‐product composition, but different with
max‐min composition. Hence, the method applied to optimize thelinear programming problem with max‐product composition can be
employed again to solve the same problem. Moreover, this study willshow that the tabular method provided by Ghodousian and Khorram
can not guarantee to obtain an optimal solution for the same
optimization model.
Multi‐response Grinding Process Functional Approximation and Its
Influence on Solution Quality of a Modified Tabu Search
Indrajit Mukherjee1, Pradip Kumar Ray2
1Bengal Engineering & Science University, Shibpur, India
2Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India

In this paper, the solution quality of a modified tabu search (MTS)
strategy for a constrained, two‐stage, multi‐response, and continuous
variable grinding process optimization problem is studied for varied
degree of process functional approximations. Multivariate regression(MR) and artificial neural network (ANN) is selected, and found to besuitable for process functional approximation or modelling at eachstage of grinding. Integrating these functional approximations orprocess models (MR or ANN‐based) with desirability functions,near‐optimal solutions (expressed in terms of mean and standard
deviation of a single primary objective measure or a composite
desirability at the final stage) is determined using MTS strategy. The
computational run results show that MTS is efficient and suitable todetermine near optimal acceptable solutions for varied degree offunctional approximation for the two‐stage constrained optimization
problem. However, the results also indicate that MTS provide inferioror sub‐optimal solutions for higher order nonlinear approximation(based on ANN models) as compared to MR‐based classical linear
models.
Modified Value Iteration for Chemotherapy Scheduling
Optimization
Yifan Liu1, Hui Jiang2, Zheng Su3
1George Mason University, United States
2Stanford University, United States
3State University of New York at Stonybrook, United States

360 Degree Personnel Performance Appraisal Using the MADM
Models and Presenting a Model for overall Ranking
Mohammad Anisseh1, Javad Dodangeh2, Fatemeh Piri3, Mohammad Ali
Dashti2
1University Electrical & Computer Research Center, Iran
2Islamic Azad University, Iran
3Azad University, Karaj Branch, IranSince in the late observations, personnel performance appraisal isconsidered as a tool towards achieving organization goals, in which,the main idea is to increase the abilities and suitability and growth of
personnel. In this paper the performance appraisal is seen as anelement of group decision making and therefore, the 360 degree model
performance appraisal has been used, in which, the personnel areevaluated from different points of view, (Boss, Colleagues (Co‐worker),
Inferior, employee him/herself, customer and etc…), keeping in mind
the attributes weights, and relative importance of auditors evaluations,
the MADM models have been used for personnel ranking. Finally an
overall ranking resulted from new model. The forgoing method has
been used in a case study and the result and data have been evaluatedfrom different points of view.
Study on Plan of Track Lines in Marshalling Station
Shidong Wang1, Li Zheng1, Zhihai Zhang1
1Tsinghua University, China

The plan of track lines is an important factor which influences theefficiency of marshaling station. When a train reaches the station,schedulers need to decide which track will be occupied by train andhow long the train will stay at the track. The problem is NP‐complete
when the number of track and train are unfixed. After the mathematicalmodel is analyzed, the schedule of single track can be transformed intoa weighted clique problem, and a polynomial algorithm is designed.
For solving the schedule problem of multi‐track, two heuristic
algorithms are introduced, and genetic algorithm is also adopted.
Moreover, some benchmarks which data are generated randomly areused to validate the rational efficiency and computation burden of
foregoing algorithms.
A Decision Support System for the Reserve Bank of India to Forecast
Currency requirements at Currency Chests
Chandra Sunil Kumar Ch.S.N.1, Narendran T.T.1
1Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India

This paper presents a case‐study of the logistics management of
currency notes by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the country’s central
bank. RBI has the responsibility of replenishing currency to various
chests spread all over the country. The chests distribute currency toindividual banks that serve the public. A chest is a receptacle that canhold huge volumes of currency and acts as an extended arm of the RBI.
Currently, RBI makes replenishment decisions based on past recordand on requests from individual chests. This has resulted in excess
inventory at some chests and shortages at some others. In order tostreamline this process, a Decision Support System (DSS) that canforecast currency requirements and suggest inventory (currency) levels
has been developed. The DSS is embedded with multiple techniquesand can select the technique that minimizes error in forecasting future
currency requirements. These forecasts serve as a basis to determine
inventory levels for individual chests. The DSS is currently being
piloted in one state of India.
Artificial Immune Systems for Intelligent Nurse Rostering
Chih‐Chung Lo1, Chih‐Chang Lin1, Cheng‐Tzu Wang2, Ting‐Jung Dai3,
Dominic Wong1
1Fo Guang University, Taiwan
2National Taipei University of Education, Taiwan
3Hong Cheng International Technology Inc., Taiwan

Nurse rostering is an essential and important task for hospitaladministration. In this paper, an intelligent nurse rostering system is
proposed by using two types of artificial immune systems, CLONALG
and aiNet, as the intelligent mechanisms. The performance of both
artificial immune systems is examined, and the results indicate thatboth artificial immune systems provide good intelligent solutions tosolve nurse rostering problems efficiently and effectively. In addition, it
is also found that CLONALG is a more efficient intelligent nurse
rostering mechanism when time‐consuming WHAT‐IF analysis isfrequently needed.

An optimization algorithm for chemotherapy scheduling study isdeveloped in this paper. We consider the density of host and cancer
cells of a patient as states, and define the optimal chemotherapy
scheduling as the shortest treatment path that will cure the patient, if
possible. Given the fact that the treatment time is always
interger‐valued in our model, we used a modified version of the value
iteration algorithm originally designed for Markov Decision Process.
Simulation results and discussions are also given.

51

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsA (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Decision Analysis and Methods (1)Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Mercury III
Ming‐Lang Tseng and Miaoling Wang

A Class of Fuzzy Rough Inventory Model and Its Application
Lihui Zhao1, Jiuping Xu1
1Sichuan University, China

In this paper, we concentrate on discussing and developing a fuzzy
rough multi‐objective inventory model. We present some crisp
equivalent models and a traditional algorithm based on aninteractive fuzzy satisfying method to obtain the decision makerʹssatisfying solution. Then these are applied to a practical inventory
problem in which all inventory costs, purchasing and selling prices
in the objectives and constraints are assumed to be fuzzy roughvariables in nature. Finally, numerical example are given in orderto show the application of the proposed models and algorithm,
which will be of much use of the management, provide significant
solutions to construct other inventory models with fuzzy roughvariables in real life.
Applying SVM to Build Supplier Evaluation Model ‐ Comparing
Likert Scale and Fuzzy Scale
Chun F. Hsu1, Betty Chang2, Hsu‐Feng Hung3
1National Taiwan University, Taiwan
2National Chen‐Chi University, Taiwan
3National Ilan University, Taiwan

This research was performed to generate a supplier evaluation (SE)model in order to enhance an enterpriseʹs competitiveness, andapply this model to solve practical business problems. Throughpast studies, we applied representative supplier evaluation
principles while designing supplier evaluation questionnaire, andclassified the suppliers into three categories: perform excellently(class 1), perform ordinary (class 2), and perform poorly (class 3).
The Likert scale and Fuzzy scale are applied individually tocompute a score according to these principles. We then apply the
support vector machine (SVM) to build the supplier evaluation
classifier, and observe under SVM whether using the Likert or
Fuzzy scale produces better classification performance. The result
revealed that the performance is invariant under both scales.
Therefore, we find SVM combined with efficient feature reduction
to be a better strategy for building a supplier evaluation model.
A Class of Facility Location Model and Its Application
Yuan Zhang1, Jiuping Xu1
1Sichuan University, China

In the logistics system, the facility location problem, which can beused to determine the mode, the structure and the form of thewhole logistics system, is a very important decision problem in thelogistics network. Often uncertainty may be associated withdemand, supply or various relevant costs. In some cases,
roughness and fuzziness simultaneously appear in a system, inorder to describe this phenomena, we introduce the concept ofhybrid variable and propose a mixed integer programming model
for rough fuzzy facilities location problem.

52

Dynamic Stochastic Programming for Asset Allocation Problem
Haiqing Song1, Huei‐Chuen Huang2
1National University of Singapore, Singapore
2Sun Yat‐Sen University, China

Asset allocation is an important decision problem in financial
planning. In this paper, we study the multistage dynamic assets
allocation problem which an investor is allowed to reallocate its
wealth among a set of assets over finite discrete decision points, inwhich the stochastic return rates of the assets follow a Markov
chain with nonstationary transition probability. The objective is tomaximize the utility of the wealth at the end of the planninghorizon where the utility of the wealth follows a general piecewise
linear and concave function. Transaction costs are considered. We
formulate the problem with a dynamic stochastic programming
model and develop a method that decomposes the problem into
stage‐based subproblems to solve it. The main advantage of thismethod is that it provides a computationally tractable tool to deal
with the dynamic asset allocation problem of long planninghorizon.
ERP Sandtable Simulation Evaluation Based on ANP
Ran Bi1, Jinyu Wei1, Rui Chen1
1Tianjin University of Technology, China

ANP(Analytic Network Process) is a decision‐making method
based on AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) for solving problems
with feedback and dependence. In this paper, the theory of ANP
will be introduced. An illustration on ERP(Enterprise Resource
Planning) sandtable simulation evaluation is presented to discuss
how to make a decision using ANP.
An Integrated Theory‐Of‐Constraints
Amitava Ray1, Bijan Sarkar1, Subir Sanyal1
1Jadavpur University, India

The objective of this research is to investigate the integration ofTheory‐Of‐Constraints, Analytic Hierarchy Process and Linear
Programming so as to provide management with the capability ofmaking outsourcing decision. This paper compares possible
solution between Standard cost accounting, standard
Theory‐Of‐Constraints and an approach that combines Standard
Theory‐Of‐Constraints ‐ Analytic Hierarchy Process‐Linear
programming. Numerical results shows that combined model isbetter than traditional model. This research is limited to the
production process where there is no multiple constraints.

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsB (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Decision Analysis and Methods (2)Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Mercury III
Ikou Kaku and Haiqing SongA HMM Based Method for Selecting the Solution of Function
ModuleXiansheng Qin1, Wendan Wang1, Xiutian Yan2, Jing Bai1, Shurong Tong1
1Northwestern Polytechnical University, China
2University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom

A systematic method is developed to select the optimal
combination of solutions for each function module existing in a
pre‐defined Product Function Model (PFM). Based on thedefinition of three fundamental modes for constructing a PFM, any
PFM generated from customer requirements could be transformed
into a uniform seriesconnection format. Then, Hidden Markov
Model (HMM) is introduced to model the process of selecting
solutions for each function module, and all the parameters in
HMM can be calculated from the existing available information ofthese solutions. Furthermore, In order to avoid generating an
exponential number of instantiations, the Viterbi algorithm is
proposed to seek the optimal combination of solution during theconceptual design phase of a new product.
Research on FTOPSIS Model of Threat Synthetic Evaluation in
Multi‐target Tracing System
Baihe Wang1, Jianguo Huang1, Xiansheng Qin1, Zhenhua Yan1, Jing Bai1
1Northwestern Polytechnical University, China

Threat evaluation is the most important component of multi‐target
tracing (MTT) system, and Target information is often imprecise
and fuzzy. Many multiple attribute decision making (MADM)
methods were utilized to evaluate the threat extent of aerial targets,
such as the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), fuzzy optimum (FO),the technique of order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS) and gray relation analysis (GRA). In this paper, a new
method of threat synthetic evaluation named Fuzzy‐TOPSIS(FTOPSIS) is presented, and a model of FTOPSIS is established tosolve the problems of target optimization and misjudgment oftarget attacked. This new method has high precision and shows
better performance than other classical methods. The simulation
results show that the system using FTOPSIS has highest
effectiveness. Compared with other classical methods, theeffectiveness of the system using FTOPSIS is about 23% higher
than the AHP, 17% higher than the FO, 11% higher than TOPSIS,
and 10% higher than the GRA. FTOPSIS has good application inproject and can be used practically.
Modeling and Deriving Strategic Logistic Measures
Felix Wriggers1, Tim Busse1, Peter Nyhuis1
1Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Germany

In order to thrive in global markets enterprises have to distinguishthemselves from their competitors not only by manufacturing highquality products at low costs, but also with a superior logistic
performance. A high logistic performance is aided by means of
Logistic Operating Curves (LOC). These can be utilized inmodeling the effects of logistic measures. Based on the LOC, a
Decision Support System (DSS) can be designed that uses standard
financial mathematics to evaluate appropriate measures andmeasure bundles, based on the specific situation. This should
permit the user to choose the most efficient measures.

A Multiplicative Optimization Model for Constructing
Composite Indicators
Peng Zhou1, Beng Wah Ang1, Kim Leng Poh1, Liwei Fan1
1National University of Singapore, Singapore

Composite indicators (CIs) have been widelyused forbenchmarking and performance comparisons in many different
areas. Past studies have shown that the weighted product method
may be a good choice in constructing CIs. However, a problem in
its application is the determination of the weights for
sub‐indicators. This paper extends the weighted product method
and proposes a multiplicative optimization model for constructing
CIs to avoid the subjectivity in determining the weights for
sub‐indicators. Additional information on the weights, if available,
can be easily incorporated into the proposed model. A case study
on the Technology Achievement Index is given to illustrate the useof the proposed multiplicative optimization model.
Modeling Software Integration Scenarios for
Telecommunications Operations Software Vendors
Oleksiy Mazhelis1, Pasi Tyrväinen1, Erkki Viitala2
1University of Jyväskylä, Finland
2Comptel Oyj, Finland

Telecom operators deploy a vast number of software systems to
support their operations. Vendors of these systems often integrate
such software in their products in order to enable innovations,minimize the customer’s integration efforts, etc. Different
integration scenarios can be envisioned, and the issue ofidentifying more beneficial scenarios is of a great importance to thevendors.
This paper focuses on analyzing different integration scenarios in
the context of telecommunications operations soft‐ware. For eachscenario, the overall modularity of the set of software systems isevaluated, and the expected benefits of the scenario are modeled interms of the modularity gain it provides. The paper introduces a
modularity‐based approach to the integration scenario analysis,
and applies it to compare the benefits that can be obtained fromeach scenario. As a result of the analysis, the scenarios which are
likely to be more beneficial for the vendors (and therefore more
likely to occur) are identified.
An AHP/DEA Hybrid Model for Measuring the Relative
Efficiency of Energy Efficiency Technologies
Seongkon Lee1, Gento Mogi2, Sungchul Shin1, Jongwook Kim1
1Korea Institute of Energy Research, South Korea
2The University of Tokyo, JapanDue to the expiration of the national energy and resources plan,established in 1997, and Korean government needs to build a newone coping with 10 years from 2006 through 2015 strategically. In
this paper, we prioritize the relative weights of energy technologies
in the sector of the national energy efficiency plan by using the
AHP/DEA hybrid model, which is one of the multi‐criteria
decision making (MCDM) method composed of the analytic
hierarchy process and data envelopment analysis. We suggest ascientific procedure to measure the relative efficiency andpriorities of energy efficiency technologies as decision maker andenergy policy makers make a national decision and energy policy.

53

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsC (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Decision Analysis and Methods (3)Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Mercury III
Jiuping Xu and Felix Wriggers

Developing a Systematic Method for Constructing the Function
Platform of Product Family
Wendan Wang1, Xiansheng Qin1, Xiutian Yan2, Shurong Tong1, Quanyou Sha1
1Northwestern Polytechnical University, China
2University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom

A systematic method to construct the function platform for a specificproduct family is proposed. Based on the function basis and heuristic
method, function modules of each product variants existing in thecurrent product family can be identified. These modules as well as theirinstances can be categorized according to relevant design variables.
Then two distinct strategies, titled as multi‐object optimal selection andsimilarity‐based method separately are adopted to identify function
modules which can be shared among different product variants andcan be sequentially used to construct the product platform. As a result,
this mixed method can support platform identification for various
product family comprised of different kinds of product variants.
Optimal Pricing Strategies for Green Products Based on Win‐Win
Concept
Miaoling Wang1
1Ming‐Hsin University of Science & Technology, Taiwan

The promotion of green products is a resolution for reducing resource
waste and improving environment pollution. Resources of green
products are relatively limited which entails inconvenience and higher
price for purchasing green products. Therefore, how to determine theamount that customers are willing to pay for them is an important issue.
In this study, we proposed an analytical method to solve this problem.
A list of questionnaires was designed to determine customers’ behavior
and preferences. Then, incorporating an MAUT technique, a win‐win
concept is adopted to develop a bi‐objective nonlinear mixed integer
problem. The results provide optimal price and promotion strategies,
which ensure greater satisfaction on both suppliers and customers.
A Fuzzy Approach for Multilevel Multiobjective Programming
Problems and the Concept of Generalized Lambda‐Extreme Points
Hitoshi Yano1
1Nagoya City University, Japan

In this paper, we focus on multilevel multiobjective programming
problems where multiple decision makers in a hierarchicalorganization have their own multiple objective functions, and propose
an interactive decision making method to obtain the satisfactory
solution which reflects not only the hierarchical relationships between
multiple decision makers but also their own preferences for theirobjective functions from among the generalized Λ‐extreme point set.
The generalized Λ‐ extreme point is defined by using Λ‐extreme pointsof each of the decision makers, which is an extended concept of Pareto
optimal solutions in multiobjective programming problems. In order toobtain the satisfactory solution from among the generalized Λ‐ extreme
point set, an interactive fuzzy decision making method based on thehyperplane method is proposed.
Technology Assessment as Guidance to Business Management of
New Technologies
Mei‐Chen Lo1, Jerzy Michnik2, Li‐Ping Cheng3
1National United University, Taiwan
2The K. Adamiecki University of Economics in Katowice, Poland
3Hung‐Hwa Institution for Economic Research, Taiwan

Technology assessment becomes an important tool in the process of
introducing new technologies to production and commercial phases.
The paper goal is to reflect different aspects of technology assessment
and their relative importance for future business performance. We
developed a hierarchical model with multiple criteria to evaluate thealternative concepts in approaching technology assessment process on
the corporate level. The presented model appears to be comprehensive,
flexible and easy to implement in managerial practice. The illustrative
example shows that in the case of mature company, the knowledge
platform becomes a focus point of the technology assessment process.

54

Financial Characteristics and Prediction on Targets of M&A Based on
SOM‐Hopfield Neural Network
Hongjiu Liu1, Huimin Chen1, Yanrong Hu1
1Changshu Institute of Technology, China

In this paper, we apply self‐organized mapping (SOM) and Hopfieldneural network to cluster and predict the target of mergers andacquisitions. Financial characteristics of six sorts of targets are shownwith low profitability, bad operation and good solvency very evidently
by clustering of SOM. After calculating the means of variables of every
sort, we build Hopfield network to predict the sort of targets andnon‐targets according to the means. Demonstration indicates Hopfield
network can be used as prediction although accuracy of target selectionis 80.69%, and non‐target is 61.33 on the average. The reason is that
financial data is not the only influence factors, many un‐financial factor
also have effect on the prediction.
A Scheduling‐specific Modeling Approach for Real World
Scheduling
Jacomine Grobler1, Andries P. Engelbrecht1
1University of Pretoria, South Africa

This paper investigates the complexities associated with real‐world
production scheduling scenarios. A schedulingspecific modelingapproach is provided, which encourages the incorporation ofmanagement input, a scheduling classification system and the context
in which the scheduling solution will be deployed, into thedevelopment of production scheduling algorithms. A differential
evolution‐based scheduling algorithm was developed to facilitate thecompletion of the first iteration of the process as applied to a real‐worldscheduling problem. Apart from the significance of the paper indeveloping a schedulingspecific approach geared towards reducing thedevelopment time of production scheduling algorithms, the benefit of
an improved production schedule can be generalized to include cost
reduction, customer satisfaction, improved profitability and overall
competitive advantage.
Fuzzy DEA Model Based on Cloud Theory
Wu Liao1, Yun xiang Chen1, Kun Li1
1Air Force Engineering University, China

Traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA) models require the values
for all inputs and outputs should be known exactly. However, it isessential to take into account the presence of qualitative factors of
inputs and outputs in a real evaluation problem. By referring to thecloud theory and conventional interval DEA model, this paper
develops a new fuzzy DEA model called Cloud DEA (C‐DEA) model todeal with qualitative factors. Through three digital parameters (Ex, En,
He), the fuzziness and randomness of qualitative factors are integrated
in a unified way. Based on cloud generator and α‐level sets, qualitative
information and fuzzy data are converted into interval data,
respectively, and are incorporated into the interval DEA models. It
shows in a numerical example that the C‐DEA model has many
advantages over the conventional DEA methodology and can be used
to evaluate the relative efficiency of decision making units (DMUs)
under uncertainty.
Applying the Real Options Approach to an Optimal Multi‐stage
Acquisition Model
Tyrone T. Lin1, Chie Bein Chen2, Chin‐Tsai Lin3, Te‐Hsien Liu1
1National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan
2Takming College, Taiwan
3Yuanpei University, Taiwan

This study utilizes a real options approach to construct a mathematicaldecision‐making model of multi‐stage acquisitions so as to achieve an
optimal strategy for the stages of negotiating, acquiring and exiting.
This work assesses either waiting to acquire value and/or potential exit
value or true value at each stage and provides to search a stableequilibrium solution which is recognized by acquiring and acquired
firms. This investigation also considers the bidding strategy in the stageof negotiating. Furthermore, the proposed model of acquiring pricewhich is decided by a mix‐strategy for running the equilibrium
expected firm value is also a main focus in this study.

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsA (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
E‐Business and E‐Commerce (1)Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Jupiter I
Indranil Bose and Wan Mei Soon

An Intelligent Agent‐based Collaborative Workflow forInter‐enterprise PCB Product Design
Ching‐Jen Huang1, Li‐Man Liao1
1National Chin‐Yi University of Technology, Taiwan

Currently, there is tremendous pressure to design and develop
products in a short period of time to reduce time‐to‐market andproject’s life cycle. Researchers often propose workflow
management system as a mechanism to facilitate teamwork in acollaborative product development environment. In this paper, wedevelop an agent‐based collaborative workflow platform (ACWP),
in which a group of intelligent agents work autonomously andcollaboratively to perform workflow tasks and access data from a
distributed environment. By the aid of intelligent agents, oursystem can execute customized workflow tasks for inter‐enterpriseusers based on their individual requests, and conquer thecomplexity of product design in distributed, heterogeneous
platform. The application of multi‐agent systems ACWP for
collaborative workflow management is investigated through aninter‐enterprise PCB product design. ACWP facilitates PCB
product design and team interaction in a collaborative but
distributed product development environment and moves up thewhole performance of design process.
Does Business Format Matter? Performance Measurement andInternet Retail Format
G. Gunawan1
1University of Surabaya, Indonesia

The purpose of this paper is to investigate performancemeasurement implemented by Internet retailers, its variation interms of business format, and its potential effect. A mail survey
among UK Internet retailers produced 252 usable responses ofsmall and medium‐sized businesses. The results indicate that
Internet retailers without store presence are likely to have higher
complexity of performance measurement than those with store
presence. The potential effect of performance measurement toimprove business performance was also observed. The results arelimited to UK small‐and‐medium‐sized Internet retailers, sellingtangible goods. The study suggests Internet retailers to measurevarious aspect of their performance because of its potential impact
in improving operational performance. The paper has contributed
to enhance the understanding of performance measurement ine‐commerce firms and its impact on performance.
Using UTAUT to Explore the Behavior of 3G Mobile
Communication Users
Yu‐Lung Wu1, Yu‐Hui Tao2, Pei‐Chi Yang3
1I‐Shou University, Taiwan
2National University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan
3I‐shou University, Taiwan

Although Taiwan’s 3G services started its operation in 2003, themain profit source for every telecommunication company is still
the cheaper fees of airtime minutes. Therefore, this study is
directed on how these companies design the marketing tactics
closer to the consumers’ need under the dual influences of thedecreasing individual’s contribution and the low utility rate, as

well as how to improve customers’ willingness to adopt 3G mobile
telecommunication services. Unified Theory of Acceptance andUse of Technology (UTAUT) is used as the model to carry out
expert interviews and consumers’ questionnaire investigation. This
study found that the factors that significantly influenced the“behavioral intention” include “performance expectancy,” “social
influence,” and “facilitating conditions,” while the traditional
known “effort expectancy” did not. Moreover, three non‐assumed
relationships were discovered during the Structural Equation
Modeling analysis, which helped to revise the UTAUT model for
3G telecommunication services. The results of this study can be
helpful to Taiwan’s mobile telecommunication companies to adjust
their corporate strategies and tactics for providing
customer‐oriented 3G services to both existing and potential
customers, such that the overall 3G market can be expanded aswell as a win‐win situation for the 3G industry and theirconsumers can be achieved.
Investigating Customers’ Decision to Accept E‐banking Services
Mostafa Mesgari Mashhadi1, Maryam Tofighi2, Vahid Salamat3
1Member of Young Researchers Club (Islamic Azad University), Iran
2Shahid Beheshti University, Iran
3University of Greenwich, United Kingdom

E‐banking has been defined as providing banks’ customers withbanking services through a variety of tools except the banks’branches. Nowadays, e‐banking services in Iran are being offeredthrough A.T.Ms, Telephone Banks and in some banks, Internet
Banks. Understanding and perceiving the individuals’ intention to
use these electronic services and the drives and motivations whichcause the intention to use it can help Banks and other kinds offinancial institutions in setting the appropriate marketingstrategies for e‐banking services. In this research, a model has beenoffered based on Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) by using someother previous research findings, and it has studied to evaluate theintention toward the electronic banking acceptance inwell‐developed financial city. In this study, it has been cleared thatthe relationships that have been found are relatively justified
partially by theory of planned behavior. Other study results can be
useful for strategic planning of IT in banking.
A Study of Collaborative Product Commerce by Co‐citation
Analysis and Social Network Analysis
Chyan Yang1, Szu‐Hui Wu1, Joahanna Lee1
1National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan

The study presents the analysis of Collaborative ProductCommerce documents associated by using co‐citation analysis andsocial network analysis. Co‐citation is a new form of document
coupling the frequency with which two documents are cited
together. In this paper we report an experiment by using data from
Google scholar search and Social Science Citation Index to identify
clusters of highly interactive documents in the subject ofCollaborative Product Commerce. They may provide a new
approach to indexing and to the creation easier search CPC area.
The study discovers five core papers which imply the four
documents provide insight into the theoryʹs evolution and clarifies
future research work in CPC field. The trend in the field focuses onorganizational layer, included knowledge management, systemproblem solution, and collaborative mechanism design. The
conclusion can provide future research direction for the researcher
in this field.

55

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsB (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
E‐Business and E‐Commerce (2)Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Jupiter I
Virgilio Cruz‐Machado and G. Gunawan

Stochastic Management for Randomly Broken Multi‐channel
Servers for E‐commerce Applications
Song‐Kyoo Kim1
1Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd, South Korea

This paper presents the stochastic management methodology todetermine the decision points in an e‐commerce setting, speciallyonline shopping. The system deals with the multi‐server systemwith regard to the ʺshopping timeʺ (or human factor) that is spentby the customer who wants to buy something online. This
theoretical approach is more practical and realistic than the
single‐server system. Explicit formulas obtained demonstrate aneasy usage of the main stochastic characteristics and the stochastic
optimization of these objective function.
HPRS: A Profitability Based Recommender System
Mu‐Chen Chen1, Long‐Sheng Chen2, Fei‐Hao Hsu3, Yuanjia Hsu4,
Hsiao‐Ying Chou3
1National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
2Chaoyang University of Technology, Taiwan
3National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan
4High Tech Computer Corp., Taiwan

In electronic commerce, recommender systems are popularly being
used to help enterprises for satisfying customers’ individually
diverse preferences. These systems learn about user preferences
over time and automatically suggest products that fit the learned
model of user preferences. In tradition, recommendations areprovided to customers based on purchase probability andcustomers’ preferences, without considering the profitability factor
for sellers. This work presents a new profitability‐based
recommender system, HPRS (Hybrid Perspective Recommender
System), which attempts to integrate the profitability factor into
the traditional recommender systems. Comparisons between our
proposed system and traditional system which only considers thepurchase probability clarify the advantages of our system. The
experimental results show that the proposed HPRS can increase
profit from cross‐selling without compromising recommendation
accuracy.
An Empirical Study on Influencing Factors of Enterprise
Recruiter’s Conditional Brand Choice of E‐recruiting Provider
Yuan Sun1, Hsin‐Chuan Chou1, Xinmin Peng2, Guilin Guo1, Fangwen Zhu3,
Kai Wang1, Ying Zhang1
1Zhejiang University, China
2Zhejiang Wanli Universiy, China
3Fudan University, China

In China, the E‐recruiting market has been developing very fastwith intense competition. However, the extant literature has
provided little insight into the enterprise recruiter’s brand choiceof E‐recruiting. Based on combination theory of brand credibility
and brand choice in an E‐recruiting context, this paper examines
the influencing factors of enterprise recruiter’s conditional brandchoice of E‐recruiting provider through an empirical survey of 108(potential) users of E‐recruiting. Factors including expertise,trustworthiness, perceived risk, perceived quality, information
costs saved and perceived value are considered. With multiple
linear regression and logistic regression, interesting implications
for practitioners and academics are discussed.

56

Recent Development of Recommender Systems
Cheng‐Ting Wu1, Hsiao‐Fan Wang1
1National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan

Electronic commerce (EC) has become an important support forbusiness activities. Through the WWW, EC provides an efficientplatform for interchanging the information between business andbusiness (B2B), customers and customers (C2C); and customers
and business (C2B). However, how to make use of huge amount oftransaction data and identify potential customers on the internet
remains a challenge for an EC company. We review the recent
studies on recommender systems and present an overview. We
also propose a conceptual model to improve the performance.
Consumersʹ Perceptions of Uncertainty and Risk Factors Related
to Electronic Insurance Services
Sanna Nenonen1, Jouni Kivistö‐Rahasto1
1Tampere University of Technology, Finland

Electronic insurance services have been available to consumers inFinland only for the past ten years. Due to this, consumers are
more used to arranging their insurance in branch offices or byphone, and they have not adopted Internet insurance services as
eagerly as other services provided on the Internet. One reason forthis slow adoption is that consumers perceive uncertainty and risk
factors related to electronic insurance services. This paper presents
the results of a survey concerning the use and reasons for non‐useof insurance services available via the Internet. Among the
respondents, the most commonly used electronic insurance
services were information searches, price comparisons andcoverage examinations. The most used services were desired to beavailable via Internet also in the future. The users of electronic
insurance services were mainly active and experienced Internet
users. These respondents with previous practice in the use ofelectronic services perceived lower risks in electronic insurance
services than respondents making less use of Internet. Among the
respondents, the most common reasons for not using insurance
services provided on the Internet were lack of personal contact andthe possibility of making wrong choices. Respondents also
highlighted their doubts about the safety of electronic business ingeneral and the usability of electronic insurance services.

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsC (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Advanced Statistical Process Control
Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Jupiter I
Philippe Castagliola and Zhang Wu

A Model‐Free Design of Xbar Charts for Unknown
Autocorrelated Processes
Yuyen Cheng1, Huifen Chen1
1Chung‐Yuan University, Taiwan

We consider the design of Xbar control charts, assuming that thequality characteristic measurements follow an unknown
autocorrelated process and a set of Phase‐I in‐control data are
given. Our Xbar‐chart procedure sets the centerline at a known
in‐control (or target) mean and control limits at k standard
deviations away from the centerline, where the standard deviationof Xbar is estimated by the NBM (nonoverlapping batch means)
method using the Phase I data. We propose a model‐free method
for computing the design parameter values: the batch size, sample
size, and factor k. Simulation results show that the model‐freedesign performs well, especially when the correlation is small or
when the correlation is large but the mean shift is small or median.
Comparisons of the Symmetric and Asymmetric Control Limits
for Xbar Charts
Huifen Chen1, Wei‐Lun Kuo1
1Chung‐Yuan University, Taiwan

This work compares the Xbar chart performance for the symmetricand asymmetric limits. The Shewhart Xbar control chart is useful
in detecting a shift in the process mean. A conventional way ofsetting the control limits is using a set of symmetric limits, e.g., the3‐sigma limits. Despite literature of constructing asymmetriccontrol limits for skewed distributions exists, none has comparedthese two kinds of limits on an equal basis.
We compare the out‐of‐control ARL (average run length) forsymmetric and asymmetric limits while keeping their in‐control
ARL values the same.
Two testing examples are used: gamma
and Johnson unbounded distributions. Our empirical study
shows that if the quality characteristic has a right skewed
distribution, the symmetric limits perform better than theasymmetric limits when the process mean shifts to a larger value
and worse otherwise. Analogously, if the skewness is negative,
the symmetric limits perform better than the asymmetric limits
when the mean shifts to a smaller value and worse otherwise.
None fully dominates the other. Therefore, even when the quality
characteristic has a skewed distribution, the choice of symmetric or
asymmetric limits depends on the directions of the shift andskewness.
Can a Variable Be Monitored by an np Chart Effectively?
Zhang Wu1
1Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

This article proposes a new np control chart, called the npx chart,that employs an attribute inspection (inspecting whether a unit isconforming or nonconforming) to monitor the mean value of avariable x. The distinctive feature of the npx chart is using thestatistical warning limits to replace the specification limits for theclassification of conforming or nonconforming units. By
optimizing the warning limits, the npx chart usually outperforms
the chart considerably on the basis of the same inspection cost.
In addition, the npx chart often works as a leading indicator oftrouble and allows operators to take corrective action before any
defective is actually produced.
The Efficiency of the EWMA Capability Chart
Philippe Castagliola1, Kerstin Vannman2
1IRCCyN UMR CNRS 6597 & Université de Nantes, France
2Lulea University of Technology, Sweden

In order to monitor unstable but capable processes Castagliola &Vännman have recently suggested a procedure based on an
EWMA approach, called EWMA Capability Chart, for monitoring
Vännmanʹs C_p(u,v) family of capability indices and showed how

their proposed approach efficiently monitors capable processes bydetecting a decrease or increase of the capability level. The goal ofthis paper is to investigate the efficiency of this capability chart bycomputing optimal EWMA parameters yielding the smallest
possible ARLʹs. The method for computing the ARL is explained
and a table summarizing optimal values for the EWMA parameters
is given for the Cpk chart.
The Average Run Length of Shewhart Style Control Chart under
Normal Fuzzy Random Environments with Trapezoidal
Membership Function
Sayi Thoutou1, Renkuan Guo1, Chun‐Yuan Cheng2, Tim Dunne1
1University of Cape Town, South Africa
2Chaoyang University of Technology, Taiwan

Due to the globalization impacts modern manufacturing
environments are inevitably complicating and evolving, which is
random fuzzy in nature. Therefore, the mathematical treatments instatistical control charts have to deal with the coexisting random
and fuzzy uncertainties. Fuzzy mathematics created by Zadeh [5,6]is possibility measure theory based and the treatments are at fuzzy
set level which is difficult to handle. The new fuzzy theory
founded by Liu [2] is axiomatic based which convert fuzzy set
variable into a scalar fuzzy variable and thus makes the fuzzy
mathematical treatments behave similar to those in standard
probability theory. In this paper, we introduce the new fuzzy
theory‐credibility measure theory into the analysis of the average
run length (abbreviated as ARL) analysis of Shewhart style
statistical control chart under normal fuzzy manufacture
environments.
The Effect of Measurement Error on the Performance of the
CUSUM Control Chart
Petros Maravelakis1
1University of the Aegean, Greece

Control charts are a useful tool for identifying when a process isout of control. Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) control charts are used
to detect small or moderate shifts in a process. Measurement error
affects the ability of a chart to detect an out of control situation
quickly enough. In this paper, we study the performance of
CUSUM charts for the mean under the presence of measurement
error using a model with linear covariates.
The EWMAST Control Charts with Estimated Limits: Properties
and Recommendations
Giovanna Capizzi1, Guido Masarotto1
1University of Padua, Italy

Zhang extends the traditional EWMA control chart to the case ofstationary processes, showing how the control limits can beanalytically adjusted as a function of the process variance andautocorrelation. When parameters are unknown, the author alsosuggests how to estimate the control limits. Zhangʹs proposal isoperationally simple and fully automatic. For this reason, it looks
quite appealing from the practitionerʹs point of view. However, theimpact of parameter estimation on the chart performance is notinvestigated. Since charts designed using estimated parameters
can have an unsatisfactory behaviour, we study the impact of theestimation errors and give practical recommendations on thesmallest sample size for which satisfactory accuracy is obtained.
Economic Design of Integrated Time‐Between‐Events Chart
System with Independent Quality Characteristics
Haiyun Zhang1, Min Xie1, Thong Ngee Goh1, Mohammad Shamsuzzaman1
1National University of Singapore, Singapore

This article presents the economic design of the integrated control
chart system consisting of several individual time‐between‐events(TBE) charts for monitoring time between successive events indifferent process stages in a multistage manufacturing system. The
design of the integrated chart system has been illustrated throughan example. The proposed control chart system is easy tounderstand and operate, and thus the floor operators can utilize
and understand it as easily as for the traditional system.

57

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsA (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Project Management (1)Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Jupiter II
Yongyi Shou and Amnon Gonen

An Approach for Testing the Feasibility of Decomposing
Interdependent Design Tasks for Concurrent Engineering
Hamdi Bashir1, Khalid AlZebdeh1, Jamil Abdo1
1Sultan Qaboos University, Oman

Concurrent engineering process is characterized by executing alarge number of interdependent project tasks. One effective way ofmanaging such tasks is to decompose them into groups. However,
not all tasks are decomposable. Without the need to apply a
decomposition method, this paper describes a simple quantitative
approach to test whether an underlying pattern of relationships
exists between interdependent design tasks, such that they may berearranged into groups. In addition, a grouping efficiency index
for predicting the goodness of the best possible obtainable
decomposition is introduced. The proposed approach and thegrouping index were applied to simple hypothetical projects and asample project adapted from the literature. Both the approach andthe grouping index are proved to be powerful yet very easy to use.
Using Robust Portfolio Modeling for Selecting of New ProductDevelopment Projects ‐ A Case Study
Adel Feyz1, Hossein Iranmanesh2
1University of Tehran, Iran2University of Tehran, Institute for Trade Studies & Research, IranOne of the challenges in project portfolio management is lack ofperfect information for project evaluation. On the other hand, inorder to decide which project portfolio to be selected, only the
results of a mathematical model can not be relied. One of themethods which puts the imperfect information in the model andconsiders the possibility of modeling the preference of decision
makers through interactive operation is Robust Portfolio Modeling(RPM). This paper tries to analyze the experiments ofimplementation of RPM in a software engineering company andpresents some recommendations for better implementation in New
Product development (NPD) projects.
The Assessment of Bidding Strategy of Iranian Construction
Firm
Behzad Esmaeeli1, Mehdi Ravanshadnia1, Mohammad Taghi Banki1
1Amirkabir University, Iran

Arriving at the final bid price is a critical decision which is mostly
done through experience and intuitions. As, many factors affect the
final proposed price, no quantified decision processes may lead toirrational low or high proposed prices. Therefore, various attempts
have been done to propose systematic models to track and analyze
the bidding trends. This paper focuses on the previous trends ofthe bidding prices to estimate proper bidding cost in the Iranianconstruction industry The prices might be influenced byenvironmental characteristics such as competitorsʹ policies, thenumber of tendered projects, the number of contractors competingin the current tender, project characteristics, and the client.
The subject of bidding price can be investigated through the client
view or the contractor view. This paper attends the second
approach.
This paper present a quantitative analysis of impact of number ofbidders on project bid prices. The study found that increasing thenumber of bidders will result in decreased project bid prices.

58

Estimating Design Effort in Product Development: A Case Study
at Pratt & Whitney Canada
Adil Salam1, Nadia Bhuiyan1, Gerard Gouw1, Syed Asif Raza2
1Concordia University, Canada
2CRT, University of Montreal, Canada

The design effort required in a project, not only impacts the final
cost, but also the project lead‐time. This paper presents a casestudy carried out with the collaboration of Pratt & Whitney
Canada, a global leader in the design and manufacture of aircraft
engines. The study uses a parametric model for the purpose ofdesign effort estimation of an integrated blade‐rotor low‐pressurecompressor (IBR LPC) fan. The model estimation is compared withthe actual project performance, and results demonstrate good
estimation of the design effort. The impact of various factors used
for design effort estimation is also discussed. Finally, theusefulness of the model is demonstrated.
Differing Roles of Axiomatic Design and Design Structure
Matrix in Reducing System Complexity
Yee Soon Lim1
1Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

Large‐scale systems are often complex. A major contributing factor
to their complexity is the numerous dependencies between
components. Manipulating a component disrupts othercomponents, and vice versa. This impedes system development,
maintenance, and modification. To reduce system complexity, it isessential to minimize and manage these dependencies. Axiomatic
design (AD) and Design Structure Matrix (DSM) are methods thathave the capability to accomplish this. Apparently, AD and DSM
are similar. Both compute dependencies in matrix form tosystematize dependency analysis. In reality, they are
fundamentally different, and as we demonstrate below they may
complement each other. AD minimizes dependencies between
system functions. Many of these dependencies are caused byinappropriate system parameters, and they can be eliminated bychanging the parameters. However, certain dependencies areinevitable, as they are inherent due to the laws of physics and logic.
DSM can then be employed to manage such dependencies bymanipulating the system parameters into a modular architecture.
In short, AD eliminates avoidable dependencies, whereas DSM
manages the remaining inherent dependencies. This study
explicitly demonstrates the different roles of AD and DSM in
reducing system complexity. We used a mechanical system as ahypothetical case study.

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsB (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Project Management (2)Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Jupiter II
Hamdi Bashir and Hongbo Wang

Developing a New Structure for Determining Time Risk Priority
using Risk Breakdown Matrix in EPC Projects
Hossein Iranmanesh1, Monire Jalili2, Zhila Pirmoradi3
1University of Tehran, Institute for Trade Studies & Research, Iran
2Mapna/University of Tehran, Iran
3University of Tehran, IranManaging the effects of risks on projects is known as a key factor
for successful project management. In this paper, a new structure is
introduced to measure the risks. By combining RBS (Risk
Breakdown Structure) – a classified set of all the risks of the wholeproject‐ with WBS (Work Breakdown Structure), a new matrix
called RBM (Risk Breakdown Structure) is constructed. RBM
indicates the impact of the risk resources on work packages (WPs).
Here, for better consistency with the nature of EPC projects, thestructure of RBM is modified to give a better imagine of the projectcomponents affected by time risks. In addition, the way ofmeasuring the risk number is modified and an improved RPN(Risk Project Number) is produced which considers the time delay
and the slack of activities which intensify or compensate the risks.
Such modification provides a more reliable tool to decide whichparts of the projects should be focused so that the risks arecontrolled. This methodology was applied in a typical Power
Plantʹs EPC project and the results in terms of measuring the timerisks have been reported to be reasonable.
A Team Building Approach for Competency Development
Onanong Hlaoittinun1, Eric Bonjour1, Maryvonne Dulmet1
1Université de Franche‐Comté, Besançon, France

An approach for multidisciplinary team building is proposed
through three steps. We suppose that tasks and team members arecharacterized by a set of attributes (technical competencies). First,
the calculation of distance measure between task and teammember (profile matching) are proposed. Second, an array‐based
clustering algorithm is used as an effective means for providing analternative solution in task and team‐member clustering. The
proposed approach generates a systematic formation of task andteam member families by sequencing the rows and the columns ofa task/ team member incidence matrix. Finally, an integer
programming model is formulated to solve the task assignment
problem. The proposed method is demonstrated by applying it toan example in a team building problem.

A New Formula to “Estimate at Completion” of a Projectʹs Timeto Improve “Earned Value Management System”
Hossein Iranmanesh1, Navid Mojir2, Salman Kimiagari2
1University of Tehran, Institute for Trade Studies & Research, Iran2University of Tehran, IranThis paper presents a new method for Estimate at Completion(EAC) of projectʹs time to improve earned value management
system (EVMS). The new formula established consists of four
variables: Scheduled Performance Index (SPI), Scheduled Percent
Complete by Duration (SPCD), Actual Percent Complete by
Duration (APCD), and Sum of Durations to Due Time (SDDT). The
model has been validated by a simulation study using a progress
generator program for typical RCPS problem project library. This
program was developed in VBA‐MSP and it included some basic
assumptions and data were generated day by day randomly. The
results show a strong linear relationship between response variable
and above four predictors. Therefore, it can be concluded that themodel could be used in a wide range of projects for EAC
estimation.
Planning with Uncertaintes for a Heritage Building Restoration
Project in Calcutta, India
Shion Guha1
1Jadavpur University, India

Planning for a heritage building restoration project is complex
because the scope of structural repair can be only ascertained
during execution. In addition, workings with traditional materials
that are not normally used presently create further difficulties inplanning. The restoration for Great Eastern Hotel said to be theoldest hotel in India has been started in Calcutta, India andsimultaneously, this study is undertaken to record the uncertainty
of project duration and costing. A Gantt chart was prepared at theconception stage. Stakeholders were interviewed to estimate thepessimistic, mean and optimistic duration of each task in the Gantt
chart.
A Monte Carlo simulation based on a triangular
distribution of the estimated time variations is conducted toestimate the statistics of duration. The Gantt chart is revised andsimulation process is repeated with the progress of the project. The
temporal distribution of time periods and associated deviations
Similar exercise is also
found from simulations are compared.
executed for estimated costing at the various planning stages. The
study indicates that a traditional Gantt chart estimate is notaccurate for a project where a number of factors are unknown at
the inception
An Interpretive Structural Model for Project Planning andSuccess
Parveen Farooquie1, Javed Khan1
1Aligarh Muslim University, India

A Preliminary Study of Meeting Flow Management for Software
Project Development: the Prototype (MfPMIS)
Chung‐Yang Chen1, Keng‐Hui Chao2, Pei‐Chi Chen3
1National Central University, Taiwan
2Chang Gung University, Taiwan
3Trend Micro Incorporated, Taiwan

This paper presents a Web‐based software tool, MfPMIS, forfacilitating and institutionalizing the collaborative project
management environment. The software tool is constructed basedon the meeting flow concept, an idea of managing software
projects by the meetings and their contextual flows.
MfPMIS is a prototype of meeting flow concept that elaborates
process‐oriented project management. It models ad‐hoc formal oranonymous meetings during software project development andprovides better managerial resolution on projects by managing themeeting flows.

For any commercial project the primary responsibility of the
project management is to plan and execute the project in such a
way that it completes on time, utilises resources optimally, meetsstakeholders’ requirements, and has some future potential. Projectplanning is considered to play a significant role in the achievementof such goals. This paper attempts to identify the critical successfactors of projects, with special reference to heating, ventilation
and air‐conditioning (HVAC) projects in and around New Delhi,
and develop a structural model of relationships among thosefactors and between the factors of project planning and success.
Interpretive structural modeling (ISM) technique has been used toarrive at the model. This model is expected to provide project
managers with an appropriate approach of planning and executing
their projects successfully.

59

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsC (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Project Management (3)Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Jupiter II
Chung‐Yang Chen and Jia Da Tang

A Bi‐directional Ant Colony Algorithm for Resource Constrained
Project Scheduling
Yongyi Shou1
1Zhejiang University, China

The resource‐constrained project scheduling problem is a typical
combinatorial optimization problem. An ant algorithm with dual ant
colonies is proposed to improve the effective allocation of project
resources. The algorithm adaptively adjusts resource allocationaccording to the pheromone updated by artificial ants employed tosearch for feasible schedules. Two separate ant colonies are employed.
The forward scheduling technique is applied by one ant colony while
the backward scheduling technique is applied by another ant colony.
The pheromone information of the two ant colonies is exchanged
periodically to avoid early local convergence. An experimental testing
indicates that the new design of two separate ant colonies withdifferent scheduling techniques helps to improve the performance ofresource constrained project scheduling.
Estimating Project Completion Times ‐ Simulation and Analytic
ApproachAmnon Gonen1
1Holon Institute of Technology, Israel

According to the PERT method, a project completion time is normally
distributed with a mean equal to the critical pathʹs length. The expected
length of the critical path is the sum of the expected activities’ durationsof that path.

During the course of our research, we realized that in many cases
the conditions of the Central Limit Theorem are not satisfied;hence, the project length is often not normally distributed. In otherwords, the expected project length is greater than the sum of theactivities’ duration along the critical path.
After several iterations of reducing the project length using the
CPM method, we achieved a project network with several criticalpaths. The project length distributes according to the Maxima
among all paths. In particular, the project length is longer than any
critical path length.
We analyzed project completion time using both the analytic
approach and simulation. Our results show that in many cases it isbiased to use the critical path length when attempting to estimate
project completion time.
The results of the current study provide users with better estimatesand upper bound to the project completion time. These results canbe used to improve risk management programs.
A New Approach for Buffer Sizing in Critical Chain Scheduling
Behzad Ashtiani1, Gholam reza Jalali1, M.Bahador Aryanezhad1, Ahmad
Makui1
1Iran University of Science & Technology, Iran

The direct application of the theory of constraints (TOC) in project
management is known as critical chain project management (CCPM)
which is introduced by Goldratt. It is considered to be one of the
popular approaches to project management. One of the most significant
shortcomings in CCPM is the lack of mathematical analysis. Specifically,in buffer sizing step, Goldratt suggests using of 50% of critical chain
lengths as a project buffer. Recently some approaches have been
introduced to overcome this problem in CCPM. The fundamental
research issues we address in this paper are the use of lognormal
distribution for tasks completion time and integrate the risk of tasks inorder to determine the parameters of distribution. In the next step a
new method is proposed to size the buffer based on Root Square Error
Method (RSEM) approach.
Development Projects Scheduling and Design Structure Matrix
Yan‐Jun Qian1, Thong Ngee Goh1
1National University of Singapore, Singapore

Many researchers have highlighted weaknesses of traditional
approaches, such as PERT and CPM, in scheduling productdevelopment projects and in particular their failure to model iteration.
The Design Structure Matrix (DSM) method provides a practical anduseful tool to deal with this issue. The advantages of DSM
representation and analysis techniques have led to their increasing use
in project planning, and have spawn dozens of research efforts onorganizing design tasks. This paper explores the nature of DSM
approach, and reviews its recent development in design projectscheduling. The paper also discusses limitations of existing DSM‐basedmodels, and proposes future research directions.

60

A Study on Program Evaluation and Review Technology Based on
Cloud Model
Wen‐zhou Yan1, Jia Niu1, Hui‐yong Su2
1Xiʹan University of Architecture & Technology, China
2National University of Singapore, Singapore

When using Program Evaluation & Review Technology (PERT), we
have to estimate the duration of the activity in the network diagram by
our subjective experience. This kind of estimation has biggish
subjectivity and uncertainty, so the error between the plan work andthe actual work is very large. Cloud is a kind of uncertainty transiting
model between some qualitative concept described by lingual value
and its numerical value expression, uses Ex(Expected Value),
En(Entropy) and He(Hyper Entropy) to represent the qualitative
concept and integrates the fuzziness and randomicity of the concept
together, as well as constitutes the mapping between qualitative
concepts and quantitative numerical values. Firstly, this paper
introduced the principle of cloud model, then applied it to estimate theduration of the work activity in the network of PERT, and finally gave acase to illustrate its effectiveness. The application of cloud model into
PERT can effectively resolve the uncertain problem of the work
duration estimation under the traditional way.
Innovation and Factors affecting the Success of NPD Projects:
Literature Explorations and Descriptions
Supachart Iamratanakul1, Patricio Hernandez1, Cesar Castilla1, Dragan
Milosevic1
1Portland State University, United States

This paper explores the innovation literature by focusing ontechnological evolution and revolution. Technological evolution isviewed in three perspectives: 1. the best time for new businesses toenter into markets, 2. the incumbents’ response to the challenge from anentrant, and 3. the mortality of firms in an industry. The characteristics
of each perspective are described in detail. The emphasis on thetechnological revolution is viewed as the comparison between
sustaining technology versus disruptive technology. Critical successfactors in New Product Development (NPD) projects are also describedto look at how the differences of factors for achieving the successbetween NPD projects and other projects are. Finally, this researchconcludes that the alignment between NPD projects and innovation
could be examined.
Study on the Funds Allocation of R&D Projects Base on Fuzzy
Random Programming
Laixin Liang1, Rufei Ma1, Yuyun Huang1
1Central South University, China

Different with ordinary projects, R&D project is uncertain both in profit
and in the possibility of success. Under this uncertaity, it is a difficultyfor enterprises to allocate resource to maximize the expected profit. In
view of this fact , this paper introduce a the logical growth function of
the R&D project success probability, and integrate it with theuncertainty of profit, develop a fuzzy random expected value models tosolve the difficulty of resource allocation in R&D project. At last, aheredity algorithm is designed in order to solve the fuzzy random
expected value models.
R&D Project Management Standardization: An Empirical Research
Guilin Guo1, Yidong Chen2, Yuan Sun1, Xiao‐hong Zhou1
1Zhejiang University, China
2China United Engineering Corporation, China

Nowadays, it’s increasingly important to reinforce R&D project
management for obtaining enterprise’s competitive advantage anddevelopment. The R&D project management standardization (PMS) isa significant method in the R&D project management, while it is acontroversial issue, and therefore, it’s necessary to conduct this research.
In this paper, based on sample data of some Chinese enterprises inelectronic manufacture industry, we establish a conceptual model, use
paired sample T‐test, correlation analysis, and multiple regression
analysis (SPSS 13) to analyze how the R&D PMS affect the R&D project
performance. We find: the effect of standardized project management(SPM) on the R&D project performance differs with the enterprise scale,i.e., SPM has no obvious facilitative influence on the project
performance in the small enterprises, while SPM will increase theproject performance in the large and medium enterprises; the intrinsic
effect of the R&D PMS on the R&D project performance also differswith the enterprise scale. Finally, we present research conclusions andlimitations, and some countermeasures & proposals to reinforce the
R&D SPM, and thus improve the R&D project performance andpromote enterprisesʹ unceasing development.

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsA (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Global Manufacturing and Management (1)Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Jupiter III
Ushio Sumita and Lin Gong

Modeling Organizations Based on Value Streams
Virgilio Cruz‐Machado1, Jose Tavares1
1UNIDEMI, FCT‐UNL, Portugal

This paper seeks to present a methodology to assess performanceand to provide management decision support. A “management byvalue streams” model was developed to assess company
performance. It was implemented to support decision‐making at
an industrial company. The idea behind the model is that products
or services should continually flow in the organization, as values
streams. The model includes a set of metrics to measure the level ofachievements versus previous established organization strategic
objectives. The approach aims to promote the spirit of continuous
improvement and collaboration, breaking the individual andsegmented logic of the traditional distribution of work. The modelleads to the definition of two integrated performance indicators:
the Process Sustainability Index and the Organization Performance
Index. These indicators provide an analysis on the level of
performance of existing value streams, as well as on theorganization, as a whole. This analysis will contribute to identify
new improvement opportunities. The paper concludes that themodel helps the implementation process of the organization
strategy deployment: it works as an invaluable tool to act and topromote communication at the several organization levels.
Reference Process for Global Sourcing
Robert Alard1, Josef Oehmen1, Philipp Bremen1
1ETH Zurich, Switzerland

Global sourcing is gaining more and more importance. For
European companies Asian procurement markets and especiallyChina are becoming first choice procurement and manufacturingdestinations. Global sourcing however poses a lot of challenges
and risks for the buying company due to often very strategic
implications of the procurement from suppliers located worldwide.
Therefore the traditional strategic procurement process focusing
on local or regional markets has to be adapted to cope with thosechallenges. In this paper we present an enhanced reference process
for global sourcing including important strategic aspects related to
the global sourcing.
Strategy Evolution and Market Leaderships: New Evidencesfrom Semiconductor Memory Industry
Daw Ma1, Jiang Yu2
1Chung‐Hua Institution for Economic Research, Taiwan
2University of Cambridge, United Kingdom

Strategy and structure viewpoints had a large impact on thehistorical research on corporate strategy and relative industrial
evolution. The paper utilized the case of the semiconductor
memory industry to provide a more holistic perspective to look
into the underlying industrial dynamics. By analyzing history ofleading DRAM firms and the dynamics of strategy, it will help us
to understand the industrial evolution and vicissitude of firms.

Performance Value Analysis for the Justification of Lean
Manufacturing Systems
Anand Gurumurthy1, Rambabu Kodali1
1Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, India

Lean Manufacturing Systems (LMS) have attracted the attention ofindustries all over the world. But how do managers make adecision of implementing a ‘management based and peopleoriented philosophy and practice’ like LMS or a technicallysophisticated system like Computer Integrated Manufacturing
Systems (CIMS)? Such a question remains unanswered till date.
Managers willing to adopt such systems should convince the top
management with necessary justification, as it involves hugeinvestment and creates a longstanding impact on various resources.
But such justification problems are quite complex. Traditional
techniques cannot be applied, as they do not account for intangible
factors and benefits offered, which necessitate the use ofMulti‐Attribute Decision Making (MADM) models. Hence in thispaper, an attempt has been made to demonstrate the application ofa MADM model, namely, the Performance Value Analysis (PVA) toanalyze the alternatives based on performance measures. A
detailed algorithm of the PVA model is demonstrated using ahypothetical case situation, which showed that LMS is the best, as
it results in overall improvement in the performance of theorganization.
A Method of Optimum Product Platform Parameters Planning
Lingxuan Zhao1, Ping Jiang1, Xiaoyun Wang1, Jianguo Ding1, Runhua Tan1
1Hebei University of Technology, China

Mass customization, MC, needs to be realized in order to fulfill therequirements of customization and global competition. The
product family design based on common product platform is anavailable means for mass customization, and the planning ofproduct platform is the core and focus research in the design
methodology of product family at present. In the categories of
product family design approach, the model variable‐based
platform design is one kind of methods among them. As to a seriesof standard variable‐based product platform planning, a methodof optimum was brought out to satisfy a set of customer
requirements. Without determining product common parametersand variable attributes beforehand, the proposed method focuseson improving the commonality of the product family within thesatisfactory of the diverse customer needs , and then determines
the variable product attributes and their numerical values , as wellas the common parameters of product platform and their optimalvalue. This method of product platform planning is validated by acase study of Belt Conveyors designing.
Quantifying World‐Class using AHP for Manufacturing
Industries
Rambabu Kodali1, Monica Sharma1
1Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, India

In recent years, there are some organizations, which are considered
as world‐class manufacturers, while many organizations are in thequest to attain the invincible status of being ‘world‐class’. But animportant question that has not been addressed yet is: “how toevaluate or assess an organization to deem it as world‐class?”
There is no literature available currently, which provides amethodology for the same. Hence, in this paper, an attempt has
been made to quantify the term ‘world‐class’ by identifying
various factors/practices that need to be present and followed inworld‐class organizations. These factors/practices are assessedusing a rating scale, which were aggregated and related to the
updated list of competitive priorities, namely, morale, flexibility,
innovation and social responsibility in addition the traditional
priorities such as productivity, cost, quality, and delivery. To
accomplish these activities, a Multi‐Attribute Decision‐Making(MADM) model, namely the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) isused and the steps for the same have been demonstrated.

61

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsB (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Global Manufacturing and Management (2)Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Jupiter III
Daw Ma and Shreeshail Pharsiyawar

The Synergetic Impact of Manufacturing Strategy Development
on Operations Based Non‐financial Performance
Chi‐Horng Liao1, Ming‐Lang Tseng2, Yuan Hsu Lin2, Pi Lan Ho3
1Ta‐Hwa Institute of Technology, Taiwan
2Ming‐Dao University, Taiwan
3Nanya Institute of Technology, Taiwan

This research analyses the link and synergetic impact between
manufacturing strategy development and operations‐based
non‐financial performance. The manufacturing strategy factors
were identified through advanced management practices,advanced manufacturing technology and manufacturing flexibility.
The research data were obtained from questionnaire survey withsimple random sampling method in Taiwan food industry. A total
140 validated questionnaires were responded. Used of statistical
approach to analyze the responded data. Implications and future
study were discussed.
Analysis of Global Manufacturing Top 200: Applications ofZipf‐Mandelbrot Law and Its Transposing TypeMin Huang1, Xuejing Wu1, Fuqiang Lu1, Xingwei Wang1
1Northeastern University, China

The risks of virtual enterprises exist almost everywhere for they
are dynamic, temporary and multi‐partners. In order to restrict therisk to the acceptable level, the Multi Strategies Multi Choices(MSMC) risk programming model is proposed in this paper
considering the fuzzy characteristics and project organization
mode of virtual enterprises. There are many control strategies canbe selected for each risk to reduce the global risk level of project inthis model. In addition, the multi‐layer strategies process
mechanism and two properties, are presented in this paper. To
solve this model, the ant colony algorithm is designed, which
combines with the Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation (FSE) embed
HFMFs (Hyper‐trapezoidal Fuzzy Membership Functions)evaluation. Simulation has shown that this method is both effective
and efficient in achieving satisfied solutions for risk programmingof virtual enterprises.
Japanese Techniques and Indian Manufacturing: Some
Inferences
Jamal Farooquie1, Asit Mohapatra2
1Aligarh Muslim University, India
2Reliance Retail, Mumbai, India

Analysis of global manufacturing and management continues to be
popular with academic researchers and industrial practitioners.
Based on Fortune Global 500, this paper generalizes Global
Manufacturing Top 200 in 2006 and in 2005. Then the researchprobes into the relation that the companyʹs revenues are influenced
by the rank change, and yields the Zipf‐Mandelbrot law, which isan inverse power expression. Furthermore, in order to estimate theeffect on rank of a change in revenues, this paper puts forward amore valuable and newer thought—transposing the independentand dependent variables of Zipf‐Mandelbrot law, and the resulting
estimated equation is also an inverse power expression actually.
The research results show that, dealing with the rank of Global
Manufacturing Top 200, we must notice the ʺinverse power effectʺ
of the rank’s alteration: when rank is top, it is harder to be raised or
dropped; when rank is low, it is easier to be changed.

With rapid advancement in technology and availability ofworkforce at reasonable wages, India is becoming a preferred
location for manufacturing companies from all over the world. The
manufacturing sector in India has witnessed a growth of about 15
per cent during the year 2007. Japanese techniques like kaizen,
quality circles, total productive maintenance, and just‐in‐time, etc.
have been implemented worldwide by various manufacturingorganizations to improve their performance and competitiveness.
The extent of success achieved has, however, been influenced
significantly by the structure and culture of the organization
concerned and the country as well. The present article attempts tostudy the experiences of a few selected Indian manufacturingorganizations, operating in and around New Delhi region,
regarding the implementation and adaptability of popular
Japanese techniques and practices (JTPs). A structured
questionnaire containing both open and close‐ended questions isused for data collection. The results are obtained using descriptive
analysis, hypothesis testing, and coefficient of correlation.

Impact of Skeleton Imports on Hollowing Out Production Bases
Outside Japan

Management Control System on International Outsourcing
Manufacturing

Ushio Sumita1, Rina Isogai1
1University of Tsukuba, Japan

Joel Koenig1, François Geiskopf1, Emmanuel Caillaud1, Michel Sonntag1
1Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, France

Many Japanese manufacturing companies have moved theirproduction facilities partially or completely to China and other
Asian countries, and the products produced at such oversea
production bases are reversely imported into Japan. While thishollowing out production bases outside Japan enables them toreduce the labor and other operation costs, it incurs the extra
logistics costs. In addition, the market lead time becomes
inevitably longer, resulting in the increased inventory costs. In
order to compensate these negative effects, certain Japanesecompanies have been implementing the SI (Skeleton Imports)
strategy, where a variety of products in small quantity would bedesigned in such a way that a common frame (called Skeleton) canbe used for all the products and various product specifications canbe mounted onto the common frame to produce a variety of
products in small quantity efficiently. The purpose of this paper is
to analyze the positive effects of the SI strategy via simulation.

International Outsourcing Manufacturing (IOM) is considered as
motivation to establish strategic alliances. On this study weanalyse one industrial framework between French and Asiancompany. Our thesis is to consider tacit resources to have acomplete management control of the transferred process(production of a high speed machining center) to ensure acontinuity of manufacturing product in a process clearly
distributed.

Qiang Wu1
1University of Science & Technology of China, China

62

Multi‐strategies Risk Programming for Virtual Enterprise Basedon Ant Colony Algorithm

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsC (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
The CATER System for Vehicle Mass
Customization
Monday ‐ December 3, 2007
Jupiter III
Halimahtun Mohd Khalid and Martin
HelanderThe CATER Approach to Vehicle Mass Customization
Halimahtun M. Khalid1, Manfred Dangelmaier2, Tek Yong Lim1
1Damai Sciences Sdn Bhd, Malaysia
2Fraunhofer IAO, Germany

CATER (Computerized Automotive Technology Reconfiguration)
is a networked e‐business system to support mass customization ofvehicles. It is designed to enhance automotive industries in the useof information technology in several areas of vehicle planning anddesign. CATER delivers a suite of modules for use by end users to
perform vehicle customization and planning over the Internet. In
particular, CATER integrates customer citarasa, do‐it‐yourself
design and MArK databases through a common semantic notation
system to derive affective and user‐centred design solutions.

classification is evaluated against a Kano evaluator, which is ashared surplus of customer‐perceived utility and the producers’
capability. The A‐Kano model is expected to classify functional
requirements into logical groups, which leads to an optimal
tradeoff between customer satisfaction and producer capability.
Semantic Analysis of Verbal Communication in Cross‐functional
Design Team: A Study of Driver Seat Design in an Automotive
Company
Xi Yang1, Martin Helander1
1Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

The automotive industry has become highly networked to meet thechallenging market demands. This requires improved
communication in the cross‐functional development team. CATER
is a design philosophy that showcases the best practice of
networked business and it addresses the communication in the
cross‐functional design team. This article describes a method basedon latent semantic analysis (LSA) for measuring the semantic
coherence between team members with different backgrounds in across‐functional design team in an automotive company. The
implication of this research and future work suggest acomputational tool for detecting and diagnosing thenon‐functioning design teams.

Analytical Modeling and Evaluation of Customer Citarasa in
Vehicle Design
Roger Jiao1, Qianli Xu1, Martin Helander1
1Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

Satisfying customer affective needs is arousing more and more
attentions in product design. However, there is a lack of analytical
rigor in reported work for addressing the affective needs. In thisregard, this paper proposes a framework of analytical modelingand evaluation of customer Citarasa. The framework incorporates
various decision‐making techniques to (i) elicit customers affective
needs, (ii) correlate the customer needs with the design parameters,and (iii) design product configurations to achieve a mutual benefitof customers and producers. The proposed method is applied in
the design of car dashboard for demonstrating its capacity toaddressing customer affective needs.
Citarasa Engineering Model for Affective Design of Vehicles
Martin Helander1, Hong Peng1, Halimahtun M. Khalid2
1Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
2Damai Sciences Sdn Bhd, Malaysia

The research on affective design has expanded considerably inrecent years. The focus has primarily been on consumer products,
such as mobile phones. Here we discuss a model for affective
design of vehicles, with special emphasis on cars. It was developed
in CATER – a research program intended to support masscustomization of vehicles. Cars are different from consumer
products because they represent major investments, and customers
will typically take about a year to decide what to buy. During thistime the customer goes through several stages with different
motivational content from Belief to Attitude to Intention and
Behaviour. The model drives development of the citarasa
engineering system.
Customer Requirement Analysis Based on an Analytical Kano
Model
Qianli Xu1, Roger Jiao1, Xi Yang1, Martin Helander1, Halimahtun M. Khalid2,
O. Anders3
1Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
2Damai Sciences Sdn Bhd, Malaysia
3Volvo Technology Corporation, Sweden

To facilitate effective analysis of customer requirements, the Kanomodel for customer satisfaction has been proposed to classify
customer requirements based on survey data. However, traditional
Kano is inadequate in quantitative evaluation and it lacks proper
criteria for requirement classification. In this regard, this paper
proposes an analytical Kano (A‐Kano) model to address the key
issues of customer requirement analysis. A set of Kano indices isdefined to estimate customer preference based on quantitative
measurements. Next, the Kano classifiers are defined as the criteria
for classifying the customer requirements. The merit of the

Citarasa Based Vehicle Planning System
Tek Yong Lim1, Halimahtun M. Khalid1, Cheng Ni2
1Damai Sciences Sdn Bhd, Malaysia
2ICIDO GmbH, Germany

This paper presents a citarasa based vehicle planning system,
which is driven by the citarasa engineering model, as described inanother paper in this symposium. The system is intended tosupport product planners of automotive companies in planningvehicle development, and forecast of new vehicle designs.
Additionally, they can conduct online customer survey andanalyze the data instantly. They can also find the most frequentcitarasa descriptors used by customers in different market
segments. They can also explore new citarasa descriptors. The
system maps customer citarasa to design parameters via DECA
method to generate optimal design solutions. The system is linked
to the Do‐It‐Yourself Design system, to enable mass customization
by customers.
Citarasa Driven Vehicle Configurator
Petri Helo1, Sami Kyllönen1, Roger Jiao2
1University of Vaasa, Finland
2Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

Citarasa Driven Vehicle Configurator is a proposed approach onbuilding configuration rules that allow users to convert soft
preferences into production specifications and furthermore tobill‐of‐materials. This paper presents an example of computerized
configuration system that enables the process from customer
engineering to design and production stages. The configuration
approach is based on combination of selective and generative rules
and can be integrated with existing ERP systems.
Middleware Platform for Customizable Vehicle Reconfiguration
Pheichin Lim1, YinChai Wang1, Narayanan Kulathuramaiyer1
1Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia

Although the automotive industry is relatively efficient inmanaging the production line, mass customization remains amajor challenge. The difficulty lies in the establishment of channels
to support customer feedback and interaction in directing theplanning and design new products. There is thus a big gap
between user requirements and product features. We explore thedevelopment of a platform for bridging this “semantic gap”
between user needs and the decision‐making process new productplanners and designers. This paper presents the framework for thisplatform, which will then serve as a support for a masscustomization system.

63

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsD (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Technology and Knowledge Management (4)Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Venus I
Sardar Islam and Chia‐Liang Hung

A New Weighting Method for Detecting Outliers in IPA Basedon Choquet Integral
Hsiang‐Chuan Liu1, Chin‐Chun Chen2, Der‐bang Wu3, Yu‐Du Jheng3
1Asia University, Taiwan
2Min‐Hwei College of Health Care Management, Taiwan
3Taichung University, Taiwan

When interactions among items of survey exist in
Importance‐Performance Analysis (IPA), the traditional equal
weighting method for detecting outliers in IPA is not always
available. In this paper, we suggest use Choquet integral based on
two fuzzy measures, the well known fuzzy measures, λ‐measure,
proposed by Sugeno, and ε‐measure, proposed by our previous
study, to improve this situation. A real data experiment bycomparing the numbers of reduced outliers and the changing
numbers of items which were needed improvement was
conducted. The performances of traditional equal weighting
method, λ‐measure Choquet integral weighting method, andε‐measure Choquet integral weighting method for detecting
outliers in IPA were compared. Experimental result shows that theε‐measure Choquet integral weighting method outperforms theother two weighting methods.
A Nonlinear Regression Model Based on Choquet Integral with
ε‐Measure
Hsiang‐Chuan Liu1, Wen‐Chih Lin1, Kai Yi Chang2, Wei‐Sheng Weng2
1Asia University, Taiwan
2Taichung University, Taiwan

When the sub‐tests of a composite test are with interaction, theperformance of the traditional additive scale method is poor. A
nonlinear regression model based on fuzzy integral with the wellknown fuzzy measures, λ‐measure and the γ‐measure proposedby our previous study can be applied to improve this situation. In
this study, a real data experiment by using a 5‐fold cross‐validation
mean square error (MSE) is conducted. The performances of two
nonlinear regression model based on Choquet integral with
γ‐measure and λ‐measure, a ridge regression model, and amultiple linear regression model are compared. Experimental
result shows that the performances in order are the nonlinear
regression model based on Choquet integral with γ‐measure, thenonlinear regression model based on Choquet integral with
λ‐measure, the ridge regression model, and the multiple linear
regression model.
Understanding the Behavioral Intention to Use ERP Systems: An
Extended Technology Acceptance Model
Cigdem Altin Gumussoy1, Fethi Calisir1, Armagan Bayram1
1Istanbul Technical University, Turkey

Over the past few years, firms around the world have
implemented enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems to have astandardized information system in their organizations. Whilemillions of dollars have been spent on implementing ERP systems,
previous research indicates that potential users may still not use
them. This study, based on data from 75 potential end‐users,
examines various factors affecting users’ behavioral intention to
use the ERP system. The results indicate that subjective norms,
perceived usefulness and education level are determinants of
behavioral intention to use the system. In addition, perceived
usefulness affects attitude towards use, and both perceived ease ofuse and compatibility affect perceived usefulness. Implications ofthese findings are discussed and further research opportunities
described.

64

Knowledge Sharing in Product Development: A case study of ahigh‐tech Company in China
Xian Guo Zhang1, Jian Mei Yang1, Wei Hu1
1South China University of Technology, China

The role of knowledge sharing, the cross‐specialty anddynamically negotiated characters of knowledge sharing in
product development context are discussed, and the problem ofknowledge understanding is deeply analyzed. Based on a in‐depthcase study of a Hong Kong’s high‐tech company in China, theassertions deduced from the literatures are further confirmed, andsome best practice of knowledge sharing in the subject firm are
introduced.
Technique of Product Technology Evolutionary Potential
Mapping Based on Patent Analysis
Jianhui Zhang1, Huangao Zhang1, Jianguang Sun1, Runhua Tan1
1Hebei University of Technology, ChinaIntellectual property rights are an important driver of innovationand productivity in the knowledge‐based economy. And theintellectual property rights in the form of patents provide a sourceof technological information that can be used by researchers andinvertors to find new solutions to technical problems. Theory of
Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) is a systematic approach thatdeveloped on the basis of patent information currently being
applied internationally to find innovative solutions for technicalproblems. The patterns and lines of technology evolution thatsummarized from patent analysis of TRIZ are applied to identify
evolutionary potential (EP) of a technical system and help
decision‐makers to make strategic decisions for productdevelopment. A searching method for EP is put forward and themethod to construct the plot structure of EP is introduced. A
sequential process of evolutionary potential mapping of productbased on patent analysis is then formed. As an illustration, abutterfly valve case study shows the application of the process.
Research on the Mode of Firmʹs Technology Acquisition Basedon the Growth of Technological Capability: A Case Study
Xinmin Peng1, Guoqing Yan2, Yingbo Zhou3
1Zhejiang Wanli Universiy, China
2Zhejiang Wanli University, China
3Zhejiang University, China

To the firms in developing country, the enhancement oftechnological capability is realized by the technology learning.
And the firms are expected to attain the best learning results only if
the mode of technology acquisition continuously matches thetechnological capability. According to the extent to firm’s R&D
strength involvement, the mode of technology acquisition can bedivided into three types including external purchasing, R&D
cooperation and in‐house R&D. The technological capability canbe divided into three stages including technology imitation,system integration and endogenous innovation from the evolving
aspect. A case of the dynamical matching between technologicalcapability and technology acquisition of Ningbo Haitian Grouphas been analyzed. From the case, we concluded that the threestages of technological capability should be sequentiallydominated by external purchasing, R&D cooperation and in‐house
R&D respectively and dynamically evolved with the growth oftechnological capability.

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsE (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Technology and Knowledge Management (5)Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Venus I
Hsiang‐Chuan Liu and Jason Woodard

Technology and Productivity – Why We Get One Without the
Other?
Shreeshail Pharsiyawar1, Umesh Bhushi1, Channappa Javalagi1, Shivaprasad
Dandagi2
1Basaveshwar Engineering College, Bagalkot, India
2KLECET, India

Technology has been the hallmark of human activity. It has become
an integral part of our nature as a basic need for survival.
Technology is driving the change at an ever‐increasing rate, andhas been accepted as a panacea for a better future. Thus technology
has been given sovereignty over humanity. Human beings havebecome creatures of technology. When we evaluate the effects oftechnology, the results do not match to what was expected of it inthis era of depleting resources. The productivity, effectiveness,
efficiency too have not been as expected. The utility of technology,
is yet another area of concern, considering its impact on biosphere.
Technology thus still remains not only a poorly understoodconcept, but also incompletely tapped. Hence the need of the houris conversion from creatures of technology to that of technology
creatures. Also it is important to rediscover the nature andeconomy of technology. The paper discusses the technology andproductivity as seen in the present perspective and proposes thesystemic view of looking at the same, which results inunderstanding and the successful use of technology.
Technology Transfer to China in Automobile Industry:
Difference between Japanese and Western Firms
Shucheng Han1
1Wuhan University of Technology, China

Based on data from case studies conducted in China, this paper
compares the technology transfer styles of Japanese and western
firms in China’ automobile industry. The main focus is upon
differences in the extent of these firms’ integration into China’s
innovation systems through technology transfer. This study showsthat although both Japanese and western firms are taking roots in
China’s economy western firms develop more linkages with
Chinese indigenous firms. Japanese firms are less integrated into
China’s innovation systems. This paper explores the reasons forthis and some of the consequences and implications both forbusiness management and for the development of automobile
industry in China.
A Study on the Evolution of Technological Capability Based on
Technology Import: A Case From Yizheng Chemical Fiber
Company Limited
Jisheng Peng1, Wenxiang Sun2, Jinfu Lu3, Butong Zhao4, Xiujiang Wang1
1Nanjing University, China
2Nanjing Audit University, China
3Yizheng Chemical Fiber Company Limited, China
4Jiangsu Teachers University of Technology, China

How to open the black box on process from technological learning
to improvement of technological capability for technology
recipient is heated discussed in educational and industrial circles.
Reviewing literature available, this paper studies technicalintroduction, which is based on capital trade. The research
constructs a triple helix model of the evolution of technologicalcapability for technology recipient through integrating threechains of interaction, i.e. technological learning, knowledge
conversion and integration and improvement of technologicalcapability. The model is further justified by anatomizing the casestudy on Sinopec Yizheng Chemical Fiber Company Limited(SYCF).

The Relationship between High‐Technology Export and
Low‐and‐Medium‐Technology Export: Evidence and Policy
Implications
Qiang Wu1, Juan Zhou1, Liang Liang1
1University of Science & Technology of China, China

This study attempts to find the quantitative relationship between
high‐technology (HT) export and low‐and‐medium‐technology(LMT) export. We take the data from the website of World Bankand select 86 economies (countries and regions) in 2005 to explore
the problem from three aspects. The research results show that
there are significant relationship of ln‐ln model between HT
exports and LMT exports, between HT exports per capita and LMT
exports per capita, and between HT exports and LMT exports per
capita (every p‐value of F‐statistic is less than 0.001). In eachrelationship, the former is the dependent variable, and the latter isthe independent variable. The coefficients of independent variables
are 1.194, 1.250 and 1.232 respectively. And the ln‐ln model fitsbetter than other common regression model. In order to draw morevaluable conclusion, this paper adds two dummy variables into thethree ln‐ln models: one is population; and another is income. Basedon the empirical study of six models, a main policy implication isthat for HT export, the support effect of LMT export is clear, andeconomies of different types have the obvious difference. When
policy makers emphasize the importance of stimulating HT export,
they should pay more attention to the significance of strengthening
LMT export.
A Research on Coordinated Development Relationship ofTechnical Standard, Intellectual Property and TechnicalInnovation
Liying Wang1, Jin Chen2, Fei Cai3
1Zhejiang University & China Jiliang University, China
2Zhejiang University, China
3Academy of Metrology Science ofZhejiang, China

The paper explores the cooperative evolution of technicalstandards, intellectual property and technical innovation. The
research shows that technical innovation promotes the integrationof technical standards and intellectual property; conversely, theintegration exerts double‐edged influences over technicalinnovation, sometimes beneficial, while other times hindering. To
win the market by standards, the three factors should develop
coordinatively to achieve a sound production cycle, as well as toincrease the core competitive strength of the main body oftechnical innovation. Market‐orientation, standard‐advancing, andbalanced interests are key to the cooperative development of thethree factors.
Measuring the Constructs and Mechanism of the Value
Co‐creation System with Customers
Xiang Zhang1, Rongqiu Chen2, Li Li2
1Beijing Institute of Technology, China
2Huazhong University of Science & Technology, China

Involving customers to co‐create value is an important strategy forbusinesses competing to satisfy personalized customer demands
and to gain competitive advantages. However, the research ofco‐creation value with customer is still in an early stage. In a search
for this new competitive strategy, the literature on value
co‐creation largely overlooked constructs development and theinteraction mechanism among the constructs. Using empirical datacollected in the middle of China, this study provides an empiricalexamination into the mechanism of the unique constructs in aco‐creation system and makes the contribution in the following
three aspects. First, this study developed and assessed threeconstructs in a value co‐creation system based on the empirical
data. The measures satisfy key measurement criteria including
unidimensionality, convergent validity, discriminant validity, andreliability. Second, the results of this study evidence that theemphasis of co‐creation with customers may not only positively
impact on customerization capabilities, but also directly impact onservice capability. These capabilities are significantly different
from those generated from traditionally isolated value creation
system. Third, the study finds the relationship between thecustomerization
capabilities
andservicecapabilities.
Customerization capability significantly differs from thetraditional capabilities, and has positive impacts on firm’s service
capabilities.

65

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsF (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Technology and Knowledge Management (6)Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Venus I
Marko Torkkeli and Myung Hwan Yun

Knowledge Modelling for Supporting Decision Making in OptimalDistributed Design Process
Ricardo Mejía‐Gutiérrez1, Xavier Fischer2, Fouad Bennis3
1IRCCyN‐ECN, LIPSI‐ESTIA, France
2LIPSI‐ESTIA, TREFLE‐ENSAM, France
3IRCCyN‐ECN, France

A methodology for distributed knowledge modeling to support design
problems analysis will be presented in this article. It will contribute toa better decision making during design problems analysis. An optimal
design process refers to setting up coherent numerical models and it
requires a well structured problem definition. However, a lack ofdownstream information in early stages of product development leads
to a complicated elicitation task that became an issue due to nowadays
distributed environments. A Multi‐Agent approach is proposed tosupport the distributed knowledge elicitation process. A set of agentswill guide members from the distributed design team, throughout the
product life cycle, to extract relevant information and analyze it. Theinteraction among agents will highlight potential incoherencies during
the modeling process, in order to enable partners to avoid inconsistent
information. A coherent knowledge base is then constructed and readyto be used to create models to be analyzed by traditional inferenceengines such as Optimization solvers, Constraint Satisfaction
programming, etc.
Recognizing the Core Technology Capabilities for Companies
through Patent Co‐citations
Hsiao‐Chung Wu1, Hung‐Yi Chen1
1Chaoyang University of Technology, Taiwan

Companies, when crossing licenses with partners, are required to grasp
not only their own, but also their partnerʹs, core technology capabilities(TCs). Much effort has been devoted to identifying potential core TCs
for companies. However, little research addresses the issue ofrecognizing existing core TCs for companies and their rivals. Without
understanding of existing core TCs, companies cannot undertake
feasible and comprehensive strategic R&D planning. Patents provide
an objective and public source to understand core TCs of companies. In
this paper, we propose a method to investigate core TCs through theco‐citation structures in the patents. The proposed method considers
the citation frequency and the age of the patent, to avoid identifying
older core TCs. The method is demonstrated by recognizing core TCs
for Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). The
results show the core TCs for TSMC are found in not only in thesemiconductor manufacturing process, but also in production control.
An Evaluation System based on Concepts and Components of
End‐User Computing Competency
Chui Young Yoon1, Keon Myung Lee1
1Chungbuk National University, South Korea

In a computing environment, the computing capability of the end‐usermostly influences the performance of individual business tasks. It
needs the evaluation and management of the end‐user computing
capability. This study presents an evaluation system that comprises anevaluation model, evaluation method and process. The evaluation
model has four evaluation domains and evaluation items. The model
construct was verified by factor analysis and reliability analysis
through the pilot test. The application of the developed system wasconfirmed by applying it to evaluating the end‐users in a computing
environment and presenting its results.

This system will contribute to developing a practical evaluation
system and improving the end‐user computing capability.
Knowledge management Barriers: An Interpretive Structural
Modeling Approach
M.D Singh1, R. Kant1
1Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India

The objective of this paper is to develop the relationships among theidentified knowledge management (KM) barriers. Further, this paper isalso helpful to understand mutual influences of barriers and to
identify those barriers which support other barriers (driving barrier)and also those barriers which are most influenced by other barriers(dependent barriers). The interpretive structural modeling (ISM)
methodology is used to evolve mutual relationships among thesebarriers. KM barriers have been classified, based on their driving powerand dependence power. The objective behind this classification is toanalyze the driving power and dependence power of these barriers.

66

Market Scope of Vendors in the OSS Software Market
Lauri Frank1, Eetu Luoma1, Pasi Tyrväinen1
1University of Jyväskylä, FinlandThis paper studies the market scope of vendors that produce software
for telecommunications operators, i.e. the Operations Support Systems(OSS) market. The aim is to find out the current strategies used by
vendors in the OSS market. The market scope is studied on two
dimensions: 1) the breadth of the scope in the OSS market; and 2) focus
on the telecommunications industry. The breadth of market scope isdivided into four categories: niche, vertical, layer and broad scope. We
examine empirical vendor data from the years 2002 and 2005. Results
show that all hypothesized strategies are present in the market. Most of
the firms have either a niche, a vertical or a broad market scope, andthey are specialized in telecommunications. The situation has notchanged much from 2002 to 2005, but the number of vendors has
decreased.
An Empirical Study on the Relationship between Alliance Network
Environment and Knowledge Creation Capabilities of Tech‐typed
SME
Cui‐hua Wu1, Yao‐wen Xue1, Jing‐yu Qi2, Hai‐ling Guan1
1Taiyuan University of Science & Technology, China
2Capital University of Economics & Business, China

Along with knowledge economy emerging, the study on knowledge
creation has become one of the focuses in the theoretical circles andenterprises. Most researches regard knowledge creation as a channel ofdigging internal innovation advantage from the perspective of one
enterprise. However, the relationship between network environment
and knowledge creation capabilities under the knowledge alliancenetwork is not accounted for in the last researches. And the study uses
statistic analysis method analyzes and demonstrate the relationshipbetween alliance network environment factors and knowledge creation
capabilities through collecting and analyzing the effective data that arefrom 300 SME.
Engineering Management or Management of Technology? A
Bibliometric Study of IEEE TEM
Alan Pilkington1
1Royal Holloway, University of London, United Kingdom

We tend to use the terms engineering management (EM) andmanagement of technology (MOT) interchangeably. This paper tries to
examine what these mean through a bibliometric study of IEEE
Transactions on Engineering Management. As well as introducing
bibliometric ideas, network analysis tools identify and explore central
concepts covered by EM/MOT and their inter‐relationships. Specificresults to be presented will cover different levels of analysis and soshow different dimensions which can be extracted form citation data:•Co‐word terms from article keywords used to identify themes•Journal title co‐citation network: link MOT to other disciplines• Individual publications co‐citation networks used to show
concentrations of underlying themes and how they relate
Citation patterns of publication titles show that MOT appears
dominant in IEEE TEM and the discipline has a bridging role inintegrating ideas from several distinct areas including innovation,
NPD, strategy, organisation science and management science. The
analysis further suggests that MOT essentially relates to the firm
rather than policy.

The Assessment of Innovation Capacity of High‐Tech Industries with
the View of Sustainable Development: An Empirical Study in China
Chunping Liu1, Gengyou Han2
1Beijing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, China
2Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

The development of high‐tech industries is an effective way towards
sustainable development, which in turn means that the high‐techindustries should be run based on the carrying capacity of resources.
Innovation of high‐tech industries in China, however, has been paid
much attention to from the perspective of technological aspects such as
input‐output ratio, ignoring the effect on the environment. Figuring out
the level of energy saving as one of important basis of innovation, thispaper sets up a new assessment system of innovation capacity. Using
the factor analysis model it assesses the innovation capacity based on
the initial data of 30 provinces and direct‐controlled municipalities in
China. It is shown that eastern China’s areas, especially Beijing, Yangtze
River Delta and Pearl River Delta present higher innovation capacity ofhigh‐tech industries, whereas mid‐west areas of China are in thedilemma with lower innovation capacity and weaker carrying capacityof resources. The gap between them is growing increasingly.

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsD (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
The Science in Service Development
Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Venus II
Kay Chuan Tan and Yonggui Wang

The Antecedents and Consequences of Relationship Strength: A
Disaggregated Approach in the Context of a Chinese Service
Industry
Yonggui Wang1, Guicheng Shi2, Zhong Yao3
1Nanjing University, China
2Macau University of Science & Technology, China
3Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China

Relationship strength has become one of the focal concepts inrelationship marketing and customer relationship management.
Consequently, in practice, how to build strong relationship with
VIP customers has become the priority of managers. However,
little is known about how to strengthen the relationship strengthwith VIP customers and its consequences. This study, Based on an
intensive literature review and empirical analysis, aims to bridge
this gap by examining how to strengthen the relationship strengthwith VIP customers by taking a disaggregated approach andexploring the consequences of each dimension of relationshipstrength. Our empirical analysis also finds that relationshipstrength plays a full mediating role in the relationship between
various customer relationship management activities andcustomer trust, customer satisfaction and customer perceived
value.
Consumer Creativity, Participation and Satisfaction: The
Influence of Domain Knowledge in Service Context
He Jia1, Yonggui Wang1
1Nanjing University, China

Based on a conceptual model of the influence of domain
knowledge on customer participation, consumer creativity andconsequent satisfaction, three studies were carried out toempirically test some paths of the model, which contributes to asystematic maneuver for service providers to manage consumer
creativity in their business.
Inter‐functional Coordination for New Service Development
Qiang Lu1, Victoria da Gama2
1Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, China
2University of Auckland, New ZealandThis research endeavors to enhance the understanding ofinter‐functional coordination in the process of new service
development (NSD). Through a mixture of inductive anddeductive approaches indepth case studies are conducted
involving five successful service organizations and fifteen NSD
projects. The determination of coordination mechanism is afunction of the degree of fit novelty and the NSD phase. A mixtureof iterative and setbased concurrent engineering methods is used
to increase the stability and precision of coordinated information.
While the downstream activities are not flexible enough to copewith last minute changes from upstream, the organization aims towork in settings where the fast evolution of upstream informationis possible. This paper bridges the gap in knowledge in theunderstudied research area: the applicability of coordination andconcurrence methods developed for manufacturing productdevelopment to services, in particular, patterns of functional
coordination for new service development and realization.

A Survey on Six Sigma Implementation in Singapore Service
Industries
Ayon Chakrabarty1, Kay Chuan Tan1
1National University of Singapore, Singapore

The concept of Six Sigma was initiated in the 1980s by Motorola.
Since then it has been implemented in several manufacturing andservice organizations. In case of services, health care and financewere major beneficiaries till now. The application of Six Sigma is
gradually picking up in other services like; call centers, utilities
and public services. This paper provides empirical evidence on Six
Sigma implementation in service industries in Singapore. By usinga sample size of 50 service organizations (10 responses are fromorganizations which have implemented Six Sigma), the paper
helps in understanding the status of Six Sigma in service
organizations in Singapore. The findings confirm the inclusion ofcritical success factors, critical to quality characteristics, tools andkey performance indicators as observed from the literature. The
revelation of “not relevant” as a reason for not implementing Six
Sigma shows the need for understanding specific requirements ofservice organizations before its application.
Are Services Really That Valuable? Two Diverse Cases in an
Intra‐Company Technology Transfer Setting
Henry Kostamovaara1, Marko Seppänen1
1Tampere University of Technology, Finland

Services are currently receiving widespread managerial andacademic attention. This study challenges the prevailingcelebration of services by questioning the amount of value services
can contribute to an offering. Service paradigm is approached in
the telecommunications industry by utilizing qualitative researchmethods via two diverse cases in an intra‐company technology
transfer setting. The results indicate that services are regarded as
essential and inseparable components to the technology transfer
framework. Services can, however, create customer value only
after the customer perceives the maturity of the transferredtechnology as sufficient. Further research should be directed to
mapping the value paradigm in the technology transfer domain bycovering other sources of value to formulate a holistic view of theprovided value in technology transfers.
Services Science, Management, and Engineering: A Literature
Review in the Perspective of Management Science
Hui‐Fen Li1, Jian‐Jun Wang1, Hong‐Lei Yu1, De‐Li Yang1
1Dalian University of Technology, China

Although services science, management, and engineering (SSME)
is a new topic to both academics and practitioners, there are still
many literature available so far. Since the subject is at the stage ofdevelopment, a review of the literature on SSME with the objectiveof knowing what have been done will initiate further research anddevelop potential opportunities. This paper reviews the literature
on SSME using a suitable classification to identify the gap between
ideality and practice and to suggest future research directions. The
32 articles on SSME are classified into five categories: SSME
overview, services science, services management, services
engineering, and SSME education. A comprehensive list of thereferenced literature is presented. We hope that the findings of thisstudy will provide useful insight into anatomy of SSME literatureand be a good source for anyone who is interested in SSME. The
paper also provides some future research and educationsuggestions.

67Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsE (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Service Innovation and Management (1)Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Venus II
Tien‐Tsai Huang and Qiang Lu

Motives, Trends and Effects in Cross‐Border Acquisitions in the
Finnish Technical Engineering Industry
Ville Ojanen1, Pekka Salmi1, Marko Torkkeli1
1Lappeenranta Univ. of Tech., FinlandThis study focuses on the technical engineering and consulting
business which is a significant sub‐sector of technology‐related
knowledge‐intensive business services. The objective of the study
is to explore the cross‐border acquisitions – purchases and sales ‐of Finnish engineering consulting firms during the past decade
1997‐2006 in terms of the amount of transactions and thegeographical distribution of acquiring and target nations. The
motives and intended effects of acquisitions were also studied andcompared to literature reviews and general industry characteristics.
For most parts, the results are in line with the literature reviews,
showing that product and market extensions are the mostsignificant motives for cross‐border acquisitions. Instead,knowledge acquisition especially for promoting innovation and
R&D capabilities is not so apparent in the motives. Moreover, thegeographical distribution in the Finnish sample does not yet
clearly indicate a global movement of the industry towards the east,
e.g. Asia. However, the strategies for market extensions of theseknowledge‐intensive firms in many cases seem to be implemented
by other types of organizational changes than cross‐borderacquisitions. The results of the study also provide several
possibilities for in‐depth further studies of the motives and effectsof acquisitions and future comparative studies of othergeographical areas.
Analyzing Customer Satisfaction and Service Level Using AI
technique
Hsiao Ching Chen1, Hui‐Ming Wee1, Yung‐Tsan Jou1, Yao‐Hung Hsieh1
1Chung Yuan Christian University, Taiwan“Attractive Quality” is a critical issue for enterprises to obtainsurvivability in the modern global environment. The consumer
quality involved not only the tangible product quality but also theperceived service quality during the whole process frompurchasing to consuming the service/products. Due to competitivemarket, many organizations began to investigate the gap between“Service Quality” and “Customer Satisfaction”. In this study, we
test the gap between “Service Quality” and “Customer
Satisfaction” using the survey data collected from the staffs andcustomers in a primary group of Taiwanese logistic industries
based on the results derived with artificial neural network
technology. Through the different service level aspects ofcustomers and enterprises, we can eliminate the blind spot in thelogistics industries so as to strengthen their competitiveness.
Eliminating Emergency Department Wait by BPR
Implementation
Arun Kumar1, Sung Shim2
1Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
2Seton Hall University, United States

Escalating cost in health care industry and increasing demand ofpatients’ satisfaction triggers hospitals in general to improve theirperformance. Emergency department is an important area where
hospital management needs to increase its efficiency. This is due tothe emergency nature of the patients and also the position of
emergency department as the biggest contribution to the hospital
admission. One way to yield higher efficiency is by applying
Business Process Reengineering (BPR) which focuses onunderstanding the current processes before proposing relevantchanges. This paper discusses a case study conducted at a
Singaporean Hospital and investigates deeper on the current
situation including characteristics of emergency department.

68

Complexities in Managing Technology and Operational Driven
Solutions
Rajenlall(Raj) Siriram1
1Dimension Data, South Africa

Managers are faced with challenges to improve competitive
advantage. Growth and operational improvement philosophies areapparent as strategies to improve competitive advantage. Growthphilosophies include organic and inorganic mechanisms. Organic
mechanisms are operational whereas inorganic mechanisms
extend beyond the current boundaries of the firm. Inorganic
growth focuses on growth through strategic alliances mergers,
acquisitions, and joint ventures, etc. Operational growth includes
adoption of methodologies like different problem solving
approaches similar to just in time (JIT), total quality management(TQM), theory of constraints (TOC), etc. The objectives of thesephilosophies are firms outperform their competitors. This paper
addresses some of the organic and inorganic methodologies thatfirms utilize to overcome challenges when striving towards
competitive advantage. The paper focuses on four case studies
showing how some firms may strive to achieve competitive
advantages.
Analysis of Institutional Factors Influencing the Service
Innovation ‐ A Case of Chinese Software Industry
Weilin Zhao1, Chihiro Watanabe1
1Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan

China has experienced remarkable development in its economic
growth over the last two decades. To sustain its economic ascent, aparadigm shift from manufacturing to service economy isconsidered to be important. In such a kind of change, Chinese
software industry has achieved conspicuous development since
the middle of the 1990s. With the background of rapid growth ineconomy and the diffusion of PC and internet, Chinese software
industry has strengthened its domestic industry development andits export‐oriented outsourcing service simultaneously. China istrying to be the frontier in the post‐information times by service
innovation. In this process, institutional framework has beenplaying some key roles. This paper tried to analyze institutional
structure governing the potential of software development in
China as a case study; thereby institutional factors influencing theservice innovation were identified.
e‐Government Reform and Shared Services in Taiwan
Johannes K. Chiang1, Kenny Huang1, Eric Yen1
1MIS, National Chengchi University, Taiwan

Electronic Government (e‐Gov) has been seen as the competitiveedge for modernizing public administrations over last few years.
e‐Government program has been initiated in Taiwan years ago.
Taiwan government has engaged significant efforts in theoperation of e‐Government program. The researchers as well as thegovernment per se also identify e‐Gov Shared Service will be thecritical element in the new stage of the e‐Government program.
The goal of this article is to present the development and evolutionof e‐Gov Shared Service. Internal data from 2005 and 2006 throughseveral governmental agencies was gathered and analyzed withregard of the demand of e‐Gov Shared Service. This paper clarifies
further the e‐Gov. reform process and discusses the development
issues, in particular those centric to consolidation. Among others,
GRID, core services and a case on National Archie are clarified. At
last, the paper summarizes the potential needs for Grid computing
technology in the e‐Gov Shared Service and e‐Gov development.

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsF (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Service Innovation and Management (2)Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Venus II
Ville Ojanen and Rajenlall(Raj) Siriram

Evaluating Customer Satisfaction Using Fuzzy Model Based on
Flexible Expert Weight
Tien‐Tsai Huang1
1University, Taiwan

As the market is getting more competitive and the customers also
require higher quality, customer satisfaction is becoming the mostimportant factor that every industry must take note of. Many literatures
reveal that the statistical methods are used to assess the level ofcustomer satisfaction; the common statistical methods can generatesome useful statistical data and inferences. However, among all theways of gathering statistics and analysing, we are unable to deal withthe problems that facing evaluating linguistic terms, such as good,
comfortable, etc. Furthermore, while evaluation is conducted, mostresearches assume that all expert’s weights are equal, In fact, it is morereasonable that different expert should have different weight
depending on there experiences. In this paper, a flexible expert weight
fuzzy model to evaluate the customer satisfaction applied on any kindof industries is proposed, which can be used as a tool to survey
customer satisfaction. Furthermore, a numerical example is given toverify the results and show its advantages.
Research on Incentive Mechanism to Promote Energy Efficiency in
Existing Buildings
Hongbo Wang1, Changbin Liu2
1Harbin Institute of Technology, China
2Beijing Institute of Civil Engineering, China

Reconstruction of the existed buildings to improve energy efficiency isa key field of China energy efficiency strategy. In this paper, firstly, theauthor analyzes situations and problems of energy consumption ofexisted buildings in China; secondly, the author compares the energy
efficiency measures of Chinese existed buildings with German existedbuildings; thirdly, by referring to the German experiences on energy
efficiency reconstruction in the existed buildings, the author studies theapproach to promote energy efficiency of existed buildings; lastly, theauthor discusses the additional relative measures and provides someadvices to governments. The goal is to promote the energy efficiency of
existed buildings, and accelerate the execution of building energy
efficiency strategy and realization of sustainable development in China.
Strategic Logistics, a Way to Evolve Towards a Lean Organisation
Manuel Carrasqueira1, Virgilio Cruz‐Machado2
1QUALISEG, Portugal
2UNIDEMI, FCT‐UNL, Portugal

Purpose – This paper attempts to show how Lean Thinking andStrategic Logistics concepts applied to Or‐ganization’s design andstructure can result on an effective and efficient approach.
Methodology/approach – Considering Strategic Logis‐tics functions wedeveloped and been testing a Strategic Lo‐gistics organization model inaccordance with Lean Think‐ing principles.
Findings – This simplified organization structure with only two
branches or dimensions – Logistics and Mission – eases the outsourcing
of non‐nuclear activities and estab‐lishes a proper framework toincrease the focus on organiza‐tion’s core business.
With this approach a considerable advantages are sup‐posed to beachieved, such as less activities, less processes less people and less costs.
In addition, higher service level, effectiveness, efficiency, more flexible
organization, and a better image are expected.
Originality/value – The work related to this paper is an attempt to
implement Lean Principles in a superior level of organizations: theorganization design level.
Researches on the Relationship between Mechanism of Service
Innovation and Knowledge Creation in the Alliance Network
Li‐cheng Ren1, Cui‐hua Wu2, Chunfeng Chai2, Yong‐yun Zhang2, Kanliang
Wang3
1Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Taiyuan University of Science & Technology,
China
2Taiyuan University of Science & Technology, China
3Xi’an Jiao Tong University, China

In service economy time, the service elements of alliance network areplaying more and more role in the course of improving competition
advantage and network value. So, its service innovation mechanism isbeing paid more and more attentions by academia and business circles.
Service innovation is increasingly becoming a strong strength topromote alliance network develop. In this paper, the relevant theories
on knowledge creation, alliance network and service innovation are
analyzed at first. On the basis of this, the relation model of between
Knowledge creation and service innovation is set up, and the model

reveals function mechanism of service innovation. Meanwhile, it puts
forward to theoretical direction and research method for practiceactivity of alliance network.
The Interaction based Innovation Process of Architectural Design
Service
Jingbo Zhang1, Yan Tao1
1Zhejiang University, China

Architectural design service is a typical engineering and technicalservice, which belongs to the knowledge intensive business service. But
until now, it has received little attention from both engineers andscholars. Based on the theories of service innovation process, this paper
discusses the customer‐interaction mechanism of Architectural Design
Service tries to analyze the innovation process of architectural design
service. We divide its innovation process into three stages, which areservice concept stage, service development stage and service delivery
stage. We also recognize the sub phases of each stage. . Finally, thispaper concludes some suggestion to the innovation of architecturaldesign service.
Service Quality to Loyalty‐ Effect of Function and Facility
Vikram Singh1, Sandeep Grover1, Ashok Kumar1
1YMCA Institute of Engineering, India

Any organization, manufacturing or service aims at customer
satisfaction by enhancing the value of its products or service facility.
Quality of a product is subset of its value and is defined as “totality offeatures and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its
ability to satisfy stated or implied needs”. Thus value of a product orservice is dependent on its capability to fulfill primary (stated need)and secondary functions (implied need).
Enormous literature on service quality has identified various
dimensions of service quality viz. tangible, responsiveness, reliability,
assurance, and empathy. Service quality is an overall attitude towards aservice firm. For instance, a customer may be satisfied with one service
encounter, but the overall perception towards the service organization
may be poor. The present work visualizes the quality of service in termsof its value to customers. The paper further identifies the factors
responsible for ‘quality of function’ and ‘quality of facility’ for different
service organizations. The interrelationship developed between various
factors will help in deriving the conclusive effect of ‘function andfacilities’ as these are responsible for success of any service
organization.
Correlation Among Organizational Position Element with Corporate
Governanceʹs Character
Aries Susanty1, Ubuh Buchara Hidajat1
1Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia

The good corporate governance and the 7‐S Model relates to theinternal process approach. This approach emphasized a smooth,well‐oiled internal function to achieve organization’s target. To achieveorganization’s target, the good corporate governance and the 7‐S Modelare the parallel approach, which have relationship one to another. The
relationship between the good corporate governance and the 7‐S Modelcan be explained through the Pascale’s Adaptation Model. In this model,
every organization’s element which is strategy, structure, system, style,staff, shared valued, and also skills have continuum. This continuum
causes every organization’s element tends to arise in predictable
domain, match with condition faced by company. Pursuant to thismatter, it enables also to place every certain organizational element indomain that is match with the good corporate governance character.

This research use 12 hypothesis to test the relationship between
strategy, structure, system, style, staff, shared value, and skills withattainment of the good corporate governance character. To test that
hypothesis, this research uses 30 company as sample which
consists of BUMNs and Non‐BUMNs.
Lead Using or Lead Refusing? An Exploratory Examination of Open
Innovation Activities by Lead Users in Mechanical Engineering
Christian Schultz1, Michael Nolting1, Kirsti Dautzenberg1, Gordon
Müller‐Seitz1, Guido Reger1
1University of Potsdam, Germany

Nowadays the importance of lead users as an important source forinnovating new products or services is commonly acknowledged.
Conventional accounts frequently elaborate upon ways of improving
lead user integration with regards to opening up new avenues forfurther collaboration. Against this back‐ground, this study concentrates
upon qualitative data from the field of mechanical engineering, which
sug‐gest that companies oftentimes also deliberately try to refuse toengage with lead users. This unanticipated finding thwarts thesupremacy of an uncritical inte‐gration of lead users, indicating that theextent to which lead users are integrated depends upon the na‐ture of
the product and the particularities of the rela‐tionship between thecompany and the respective lead user. The article concludes with a
discussion, critical reflection, and options for future research.

69

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsD (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Supply Chain Management (4)Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Mercury I
Sun Jing and Antonio Messeni Petruzzelli

Capacity Sourcing using a Reservation Contract
Jishnu Hazra1, B Mahadevan1
1Indian Institute of Management Bangalore, India

In this paper we model a scenario where a buyer reserves capacityfrom one or more suppliers in the presence of demand uncertainty.
We explicitly derive suppliers’ capacity reservation price, which isa function of their capacity, amount of capacity reserved by thebuyer and other factors. The buyer’s decisions are how muchcapacity to reserve and from how many suppliers. Underconditions of uniformly distributed demand, we derive closed
form solutions for the problem and show that the optimal numberof suppliers to contract capacity from remains robust to changes inmodel parameters.
Purchasing Heuristic Algorithm for Minimizing Cost Related to
By‐size Inventory in Frozen Shrimp Industry
Supachai Pathumnakul1, Sakda Khamjan2, Kullapapruk Piewthongngam1
1Khon Kaen University, Thailand
2Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakonnakhon Province Campus,
ThailandIn the shrimp market, shrimp can be categorized into six sizes,
which are 30, 35, 40, 50, 60 and 80 pieces per kilogram. One of thecommon methods to purchase fresh shrimps, in the frozen shrimp
industries, is to buy the whole farm from contracted farmers. The
various shrimp sizes are obtained by this purchasing method.
Purchased shrimps, whose sizes are not required by the customers,
will be carried to the next periods. They are called the by‐size
inventory. In Thailand, the by‐size inventory holding cost is
considered as a major cost in frozen shrimp industries. Therefore, agood decision in purchasing the shrimp farms from contracted
farmers is necessary in order to avoid excessive by‐size inventory.
In this paper, a mathematical model and an algorithm based on themathematical model is developed to assist the frozen shrimp
industries in contracted farms purchasing process. The objective is
to minimize cost related to by‐size inventory. The effectiveness ofthe heuristic was evaluated by solving a set of test problems withvarious parameters. The results demonstrated that the heuristic isquite effective and practical in solving the problem.
Tradeoff Between Expected Reward and Conditional
Value‐at‐Risk Criterion in Newsvendor Models
Minghui Xu1, Frank Y Chen2
1Wuhan University, China
2The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Two common approaches to addressing risk in the newsvendor
setting are to maximize the probability of achieving a target profit
and the newsvendor’s expected utility, respectively. In this paper
we introduce a weighted mean‐risk objective. In particular, weconsider the tradeoff between the expected profit and conditional
value at risk (CVaR). The CVaR criterion measures the averagevalue of the profit falling below a quantile level which iscommonly known as the value at risk (VaR). We derive the optimalorder quantities and discuss comparative static properties in termsof optimal order quantity, the wight used in the objective function
and the degree of risk aversion of the newsvendor.

70

Buyer‐Vendor Coordination Through Quantity Discount Policy
Under Asymmetric Cost Information
Santanu Sinha1, Sarada Prasad Sarmah1
1Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India

Coordination between the buyer and the seller is one of theimportant issues in supply chain management. This paper
investigates the coordination problem in a two‐stage supply chain
under uncertain cost information of the buyer (retailer). The aim of
the paper is to design a coordination mechanism through quantity
discount policy under asymmetric cost information that allows thesystem to perform as closely as that of under complete information.
Fuzzy set theory is applied to estimate the uncertainty associatedwith the input cost parameters and triangular membershipfunction has been used to analyze the model. Finally, the model isillustrated with a suitable numerical example.
Planning for Supply Chain with Seasonal Variable Delivery
Time
Haiying Wang1, Dacheng Liu1, Hua Ding2
1Tsinghua University, China
2Shenyang Institute of Chemical Technology, China

The fluctuation of the seasonal variable delivery time significantly
impacts the operating costs of production and distribution systems.
This paper finds that a non‐linear deliver time function which has
a non‐zero second derivative can simulate the practical situation
more than linear function which has a zero second derivative
based on practical data. And this paper focuses on a supply chain
in which the retailer requires a small‐lot at a fixed interval, themanufacturer sets up a distribution center to satisfy the de‐mand,and the manufacture facility is far from the retailer. A searchalgorithm for finding the optimal production lot and ordering
quantity in a system of non‐linear deliver times is proposed. The
sensitivity analysis shows that cost savings can be achieved byplanning production cycles according to the acceleration of deliver
time changes and in‐transit costs.
Trading options in Supply Chain
Xin Zeng1, Xiaoning Jin2, Qiang Wang3
1London School of Economics, United Kingdom
2Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
3National University of Singapore, Singapore

Originally as a financial concept, options is introduced into supply
chain area to improve the ability of handling demand uncertainty
and hence seek better performance of the participants. We examine
how options trading works in the market consisting of two
retailers in both cooperative and non‐cooperative scenarios. We
find the optimal trading quantity is irrelevant to options price inboth situations, only depending on their current inventory, optionsin hand and demand information of the second period. Usingbargaining theory, we analyze the outcome of trading, as well as
the impact on the participants’ performance.

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsE (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Supply Chain Management (5)Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Mercury I
Jing Wang and Szu Hui Ng

A Two‐phase Algorithm for the Manufacturerʹs Pallet Loading
Problem
Kun‐Chih Wu1, Ching‐Jung Ting1
1Yuan Ze University, Taiwan

We propose a two‐phase algorithm for solving the manufacturer’s
pallet loading problem (MPLP). A new integer linear
programming model is developed to obtain the maximum numberof items that could be packed onto a pallet in the first phase. The
solution obtained in the first phase is then adopted to generate alayout pattern for the MPLP with a constraint programming modelin the second phase. The computational results indicate that thisalgorithm can solve difficult instances to the optimality withinreasonable computational times.
Inventory Rationing in a Capacitated System with Backorders
and Lost sales
Ying Tang1, Dongsheng Xu2, Weihua Zhou3
1Zhejiang University of Technology, China
2Sun Yat‐Sen University, China
3Zhejiang University, China

In this paper, we study a periodic review, capacitated,
make‐to‐stock system with two demand classes. The first classdemand comes from customers who have long term and profitable
relationships with the manufacturer. The second class demandcomes from the retail market. The first class demand not satisfied
immediately is backordered, whereas the unsatisfied second classdemand is lost. There are two fundamental decisions for
managing such a system, i.e., production decision and rationing
decision. We prove that a base stock rationing policy is optimal.
Furthermore, through an extensive numerical study, we study thecost savings of the optimal policy compared with two common
used heuristics and show that the benefit of the optimal control
policy can be quite significant.
A Hybrid Search Heuristic for Supply Chain Planning with a
Multi‐Level Multi‐Item Capacitated Lot Sizing Model
Hyun Joon Shin1
1Sangmyung University, South Korea

Planning distributed manufacturing logistics is one of the main
issues in supply chain management. This paper proposes a hybrid
heuristic approach for the Multi‐Level, multi‐item Capacitated Lot
Sizing Problem (MLCLSP) in supply chain network. MLCLSP
corresponds to a mixed integer programming (MIP) problem. With
integer variable solutions determined by heuristic search, this MIP
problem becomes linear program (LP). By repeatedly solving therelaxed MIP problems with a heuristic search method in a hybridmanner, this proposed approach allocates finite manufacturingresources for each distributed facilities and generates feasible
production plans. Two heuristic search algorithms, tabu search andsimulated annealing are presented to solve the MIP problems. The
experimental test evaluates the computational performance undera variety of problem scenarios.

A Two‐commodity Deteriorating Inventory Model with
Price‐dependent Demand
Ying Feng1, X. Q. Cai2, F. S. Tu1
1Nankai University, China
2Nankai University, Chinese University of Hong Kong, China

Recently, inventory models considering deteriorating items haveattracted much more attention in that almost all commodities inreal life deteriorate over time. This study deals with atwo‐commodity deteriorating inventory model when the demandof each commodity depends linearly on the selling prices of both
two commodities. Deterioration rate of each commodity is
assumed to be time‐proportional and the time to deterioration
follows a two‐parameter Weibull distribution. The objective of thisstudy is to find the joint optimal pricing strategies andreplenishment policies to maximize the total average net profit in a
replenishment cycle. This problem can be finally formulated as anonlinear programming and the optimal solution is proved to be
exist. Solution procedure and algorithm of searching for the
optimal solution are given in detail. A numerical example is given
at last which illustrates the results of the model. The optimal
solutions and some useful curves are obtained by simulating with
Matlab 7.0.
Multi‐Location Inventory System with Lateral Transshipments
and Emergency Orders
Siradej Chartniyom1, Moon‐Kyu Lee2, Lee Luong1, Romeo Marian1
1University of South Australia, Australia
2Keimyung University, South Korea

Inventory redistribution and emergency replenishment in supply
chains have long been studied in various contexts. From ourstrategic perspective, both systems can be used alternatively tocope with product shortages in a supply chain, especially forsituations where high shortage costs are involved. In this paper, we
present an incorporated scheme of Lateral Transshipments andEmergency Orders in a Multi‐Location Inventory system. We
focused on a complex distribution network consisting of acapacitated distribution center and multiple retailers. A
mathematical model is formulated in order to determine optimal
inventory policies of the integrated systems. Lastly, we proposed asolution methodology using a hybrid Genetic Algorithm to solve
the integrated multi‐location inventory problem.
A Combined Spatial Cluster Analysis ‐ Traveling Salesman
problem Approach in Location‐routing problem: A Case Studyin IranMohammad Saeed Zaeri1, Jamal Shahrabi2, Mahmood Pariazar2, Arash
Morabbi3
1Member of Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Iran
2Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran
3Islamic Azad University, Iran

We have attempted to model and to solve a version of thenewspaper distribution problem. A key element in the analysis is
the interplay between the distribution operation and the
production operation. The newspaper production/distribution
problem, NDP, is an example of a perishable‐good production anddistribution problem. In this article, we propose a methodologythat by using cluster analysis and Traveling Salesman problem try
to allocate facilities to demand points and route them in eachcluster.

71Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsF (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Supply Chain Management (6)Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Mercury I
Sarada Prasad Sarmah and Arun Kumar

Logistics Flows Coordination in Supply Chains Using Enterprise
Input‐Output Models
Vito Albino1, Antonio Messeni Petruzzelli1
1Politecnico di Bari, Italy

The coordination of logistics activities have a particular importance
where production activities are both remarkably diffused orconcentrated. In the paper, we propose the use of an enterprise
input‐output model to analyse logistics flows in order to support
coordination policy, ranging form hierarchy to market, at the level of
the whole supply chain. Finally, a case study related to an Italiancompany producing leather upholstery is considered and different
coordination policies are compared in terms of logistics performance.
A Fuzzy Aggregate Production Planning Model for Make‐to‐StockEnvironments
Reza Tavakkoli‐Moghaddam1, Masoud Rabbani1, Amir Hossein
Gharehgozli1, Nima Zaerpour1
1University of Tehran, IranThis paper presents an aggregate production planning model formake‐to‐stock (MTS) environments. Since multiple sources ofimprecision and complex inter‐relationships at various levels between
diverse entities exist in the supply chain (SC), we can use stochastic or
fuzzy control models to describe the complex SC processes, associatedmanagement, and control tasks. We consider the fuzzy sets theory as asolution to tackle the uncertainties in different terms of the model.
Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated by anumerical example.
A Bi‐level Programming Model for Supplier Selection inConstructing Logistics Service Supply Chain
Mei Guo1, JinFu Zhu1, XiuLi Zhao1
1Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, China

In order to reduce the subcontract cost and improve service quality
gradually in constructing logistics service supply chain, a bi‐level
programming model to describe the game relationship between
integrated logistics service supplier and subcontract supplier is put
forward,its upper‐level objective function is to determine
subcontract total cost which should be minimized, its lower‐levelobjective function is subcontract supplier’s total service quality whichshould be maximized. A criterion on measuring subcontract supplier’s
service quality was presented as “synthetically expressive
degree(SED)”.Then true influencing factors and their weights were
gained by reducing all influencing factors based on fuzzy‐rough set.
According to true influencing factors’ weights, we can calculate
synthetically expressive degree of each subcontract supplier. A genetic
algorithm to solve model was proposed, a rule of dealing withconstraints and lower‐level objective function were designed andapplied to the genetic algorithm. Finally, a simple simulation
application was illustrated; the result indicates the method is good at
inspiriting subcontract supplier to cut down price and improved
service quality at the same time.
Genetic based approach for the Multi Product Multi Period
Inventory Routing Problem
Nur Arina Bazilah Aziz1, Noor Hasnah Moin1
1University of Malaya, Malaysia

The Inventory Routing Problems (IRP) is an important component ofSupply Chain Management. The IRP refers to the coordination of theinventory management and transportation. The solution in IRP gives
the optimum vehicle routing while at the same time minimize thetransportation and inventory costs. The problem addressed is of themany‐to‐one type with finite horizon, multi‐periods, multi‐suppliers,
single assembly plant and a part‐supply network where a fleet of
capacitated identical vehicles, housed at a depot, transport parts fromthe suppliers to meet the demand specified by the assembly plant foreach period. We propose a hybrid genetic algorithm based on allocation
first, route second method to determine an optimal inventory andtransportation policy that minimizes the total cost. We introduce two
new representations and design corresponding crossover and mutation
operators. It is found that a simple representation produces very
encouraging results.

72

Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) Applied in Supply
Chain Management of Petrochemical Projects
Reza Movarrei1, Sara Vessal1
1Project Management R&D Center, Iran

An innovative Supply Chain Management system is a vital corecompetency for competitiveness of any company in todayʹs dynamic
markets. Such an SCM system has to integrate ongoing innovations
into its processes and welcome future ones. This paper studies issues
relate to documentation and classifications of innovations andgenerally have an experimental origin. First, SCM Innovations applied
by Petrochemical Industries Development Management Company(PIDMCo.) in last seven years have been extracted. PIDMCo is anational Iranian company which acts as a project based organizationand manages procurement and operation of a large portfolio of
petrochemical plant projects.

40 inventive principles (classes) of TRIZ ‐one of the less widelyused innovation tools‐ have been the basis of the study for
documentation and classification of innovations in procurement
and supply chain management of the company. Classification(assigning innovations into 40 classes and development of
analogies) has been performed by expert judgment based on
analysis for re‐applicability. Resulting framework based on 40
innovative principles then has been mapped against elements ofcompany’s procurement and SCM system to check applicability
and validity of innovative patterns. Results show a good potential
for speeding up innovation in SCM with use of TRIZ systematic
approach. In the last section some difficulties of TRIZ applicationin SCM are discussed.
A Case Study for Synchronized Scheduling of manufacturing and airtransportation in Consumer Electronics Supply Chain
Kunpeng Li1, Sivakumar Appa Iyer2, Qing Fu2, Xianfei Jin2
1Huazhong University of Science & Technology, China
2Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

This paper concerns on the case of the supply chain of an electronics
manufacturer. The manufacturer encountered problems in daily
operations. The problem is formulated as a synchronized scheduling of
air transportation and parallel machine scheduling problem. A
synchronized scheduling method is proposed to solve the problem.
Using the real data from the company, the results show that thesynchronized scheduling method is superior to current operations
method.
Improving the Performance of Manufacturer‐distributor
Partnerships Through Knowledge Transfer – a Knowledge‐based
Perspective
Lingyun Wang1, Päivi Iskanius1, Pekka Kess1
1University of Oulu, FinlandThis paper illustrates how the performance of manufacturer‐distributor
partnerships can be improved from a knowledge‐based perspective in
the Chinese context. The multiple case study shows that two flows ofknowledge contribute to the performance of partnerships throughimproving the joint activities of the partners. The flow of knowledge
from manufacturers to distributors is product‐oriented. This flow ofknowledge supports the distributors’ understanding of the products
and motivates their initiative in marketing activities. The flow ofknowledge from distributors to manufacturers is market‐ andcustomer‐oriented. This flow of knowledge supports the productimprovement of the manufacturers and facilitates the collaboration
between two partners. The main obstacles of the knowledge transfer
are cultural differences. Trust and open communication are two
facilitators in the process of knowledge transfer.
A Control Chart Design for Supplier in View of Quality, Due Time
and Cost
Sun Jing1, M. Matsui1
1The University of Electro‐Communications, Japan

This paper presents a design of the Xbar control chart in view of quality,
due time and cost to improve customer satisfaction of supplier.
Recently, due to ever increasing competition in supplier markets, it isdemanded to offer the low‐cost and high quality product in short due
time. Therefore, studying the balance of quality and the due time andcost has become a new problem to supplier. In short run process, thetime of treating an assignable cause (ACT time) is an important effect tothe total cost and due time. To resolve the above problem, in thisresearch, first a design of the Xbar control chart is developed in which
the ACT time was considered. Then, from an economic viewpoint, themathematical formulations which correspond to the design are shown.
Finally, by numerically consideration, the balance of quality (control
limits width) and due time and the total expectation cost is discussed,
and the new relations between the due time, ACT time and the total
expectation cost are found.

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsD (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Operations Research and Application (4)Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Mercury II
Deniz Aksen and Farnaz Barzinpour

Currency Arbitrage Detection Using A Binary Integer
Programming Model
Wan Mei Soon1, Heng Qing Ye2
1NIE, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
2Hong Kong Polytechnic University, National University of Singapore, HongKong

We introduce a binary integer programming model to detect
arbitrage opportunities in currency exchanges. A network simplex
method has been introduced to solve the model efficiently.
Moreover, through sensitivity analysis, the solution to our model
can be updated quickly to detect new arbitrage opportunities
when the exchange rates change in real‐time.

Analogies between Flexible Job Shop Scheduling and Vehicle
Routing Problem
Zoulel Kouki1, B. Fayech Chaar2, S. Hammadi2, M Ksouri1
1Ecole Nationale des Ingénieurs de Tunis, Tunisia
2Ecole Centrale de Lille, France

Different similarities and analogies have been investigatedbetween the Travel Salesman problem (TSP) and the one machinesequencing problem, and common heuristics and bounds werealso established for the two problems. Recently, works focalisedon possible analogies between variants of vehicle routing problems(VRP) and parallel machine scheduling problems.
In this paper, we present different analogies between two complex
combinatorial optimization problems: the VRP and the Flexible Job
Shop Scheduling Problem (FJSSP) and use it for the calculation of
new VRP lower bounds.
Solving Capacitated P‐Median Problem (CPMP) using Genetic
Algorithm
Keivan Ghoseiri1, S.Farid Ghannadpour1
1Iran University of Science & Technology, IranTeaching and Playback Control System for Parallel Robot for
Ankle Joint Rehabilitation
Jianguang Sun1, Jinyong Gao1, Jianhui Zhang1, Runhua Tan1
1Hebei University of Technology, China

The designed and experimental process of the teaching andplayback control system of parallel robot for ankle joint
rehabilitation is narrated. Teaching‐box was fulfilled with single
chip MCU system. The teaching and playback progress was
executed as three modes, including point by point mode,
continuous mode and mixed mode. During the teaching andplayback progress, the max torque of the motor could be changed.
With the control of three torque motor, the playback of parallel
robot for ankle joint rehabilitation could be realized.
Data Construction Method for Basis Selection in RBF Networks
Chun‐Jung Huang1, Hsiao‐Fan Wang1
1National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan

Feedforward neural networks have demonstrated an ability tolearn arbitrary nonlinear mappings. Knowledge of such mappings
can be of use in the identification and control of unknown or
nonlinear systems. One such network, the Gaussian radial basis
function (RBF) network has received a great deal of attention
recently. In RBF networks, however, the problems of determinationof the appropriate number of Gaussian basis functions andexistence of the overlapped basis functions remain two criticalissues. In order to overcome the mentioned problems, a systematic
procedure, namely Data Construction Method (DCM), wasproposed in this paper. A numerical example of function
approximation was provided for illustration and validation. The
obtained results show that DCM is a useful technique to improve
the learning performance of RBF networks.

Capacitated p‐median problem (CPMP) is an important variationof facility location problem in which p capacitated medians are
economically selected to serve a set of demand vertices so that the
total assigned demand to each of the candidate medians must notexceed its capacity. This paper presents a genetic algorithm to solve
the CPMP. Two different assignment techniques namely, classicalassignment method and assignment through urgencies are used toassign the demand points to the p selected medians. The behavior
and efficiency of the assignment scenarios are examined andcompared on CPMP. According to the results, the classical scenario
shows superiority in time consuming, whereas the assignment
through urgencies scenario is absolutely superior in quality of theobtained solutions over the classical one. In order to check for
quality and validity of the suggestive method, we compare thefinal solution produced over the 10 test problems of Osman andChristofides [1]. Comparison of the results indicates good quality
and solutions.
Chaos Theory and Application in Sells Management
Mahmood Pariazar1, Jamal Shahrabi2, Soheil Mahmoodzadeh3, Mohammad
Saeed Zaeri4
1Member of Young Researchers Club (Islamic Azad University), Iran
2Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran
3Allameh Tabatabaee University, Iran
4Member of Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Iran

Progresses in calculation tools in recent decades have provided us
with the possibility of utilizing theories based on existence of
certain or chaotic non‐linear patterns. Chaotic theory with morethrough study of specifications of complicated behavior and datathat seem to be random, try to recognize order and patterngoverning them and use them for predictability future trend in
short term. Nowadays this knowledge with the help of data
behavior analysis has provided the base of structural changes infuture performance prediction.
In this article, probability of chaos in daily sales volume in anindustrial unit with regard to test of strange attractor and biggest
Lyapunov exponent has been investigated. Result of applying themethod discloses existence of some degree of certainty in these
data.

73

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsE (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Operations Research and Application (5)Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Mercury II
Jih‐An Chen and Joaquin Sicilia‐Rodriguez

Stochastics in Discrete Logistics Models: What Can We Do?
Stein W. Wallace1, Michal Kaut2, Teodor G. Crainic3, Arnt‐Gunnar Lium4
1The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
2Molde University College, Norway
3University of Quebec at Montreal, Canada
4SINTEF, Norway

A large number of logistics problems involve integer programming.
Adding stochastics to such a problem seems computationallyprohibitive. On the other hand, in most cases, stochastics is an
integral part of the underlying problem. And more importantly,
without adding stochastics explicitly, we may lose important
aspects of the solution we are searching for. In this presentation wegive a new approach to such problems, and apply the approach toservice network design.
A General Method to Apply Dantzig‐Wolfe Decomposition for
Variational Inequalities with Affine Constraints
William Chung1
1City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

We develop a general method by which we can apply
Dantzig‐Wolfe (DW) decomposition method to any variational
inequalities (VI) with affine constraints. By adding dummy
variables for creating linking constraints, the VI problem can be
decomposed into a master equilibrium problem and a NLP
subproblem. That is, the subproblem can be solved by any
sophisticate
NLP solvers.
BymakinguseoftheKarush‐Kuhn‐Tucker (KKT) conditions of the decomposed
problems in Dantzig‐Wolfe decomposition, we can show that
simplicial decomposition for any VI would be equivalent to DW on
the “dummy variable” version of VI. Consequently, both SD and
DW might benefit by the insights of the other. An illustrative
example of applying both methods to asymmetric traffic
assignment problems is provided.
A 2opt‐DPX Genetic Local Search for Solving Symmetric
Traveling Salesman Problem
Keivan Ghoseiri1, Hassan Sarhadi1
1Iran University of Science & Technology, IranThe combination of genetic algorithm and local search is apromising approach that attempts to benefit the advantageous ofboth approaches in solving the traveling salesman problem. In thispaper we present a 2opt‐DPX Genetic Local Search Algorithm forsolving symmetric TSP instances. The main idea of this approach is
to use a local search heuristic to create population of local
optimum solutions and then applying genetic algorithm to findglobal optimum in the population of local optima. We describe its
performance on some standard symmetric TSP instances andfinally put forward some suggestions to improve its capability andefficiency.

74

Vertical Decomposition Approach To Solve Single Stage
Capacitated Warehouse Location Problems
Priyanka Verma1, R R K Sharma1
1Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India

In this paper Vertical Decomposition Approach is used for the firsttime to solve Single Stage Capacitated Warehouse Location
Problems (SSCWLP). Stages of Warehouse location problems aredecomposed to get smaller sized problems, which are relatively
easier to solve. New formulation of SSCWLP are developed using
the style of [9]; and worked out by applying vertical decomposition
approach. Relaxation of flow balance constraints leads to two
different versions of Capacitated Plant Location Problem (CPLP),
referred to as RHS_CPLP and LHS_CPLP. It is found that
RHS_CPLP is exactly identical to CPLP [13]; but LHS_CPLP isdifferent from RHS_CPLP. Reference [13] gives 13 relaxations of
CPLP (which is found identical to RHS_CPLP for this paper). We
extend these relaxations for the problem LHS_CPLP also. 13
different relaxations of SSCWLP (with the proofs comparing theirstrengths) are developed. We found that the strong relaxation of
SSCWLP given in [10], is same as relaxation R3_O given in thispaper. Also, there are other relaxations of SSCWLP that are better
than strong relaxation proposed in [10].
An Application of Tabu Search Algorithm on Cost‐based Job
Shop Problem with Multiple Objectives
Zhecheng Zhu1, Kien Ming Ng1, Hoon Liong Ong1
1National University of Singapore, Singapore

A cost‐based job shop problem with multiple objectives(MOCB‐JSP) is proposed in this paper. Three different objectives
are considered in the objective function of MOCB‐JSP: work inprogress (WIP) holding cost, earliness cost and tardiness cost. Tabu
search algorithm is applied to improve the initial schedules of
MOCB‐JSP. Extensive experiments are conducted to test theperformance of the tabu search when different parameter
combinations are taken. Computational results show that tabu
search with a properly configured parameter combination
significantly improves the schedule quality with reasonable
computational effort.

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsF (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Operations Research and Application (6)Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Mercury II
Adam Ng and Pen‐Yuan Liao

Fuzzy Linear Regression Models with Absolute Errors andOptimum Uncertainty
Hamed Shakouri G.1, Reza Nadimi1, Farid Ghaderi1
1University of Tehran, Iran

Various kinds of the fuzzy regression models are introduced in theliterature and many different algorithms are proposed to estimate
fuzzy parameters of the models. In this study a new approach is
introduced to find the parameters of a linear fuzzy regression, theinput data of which is measured by crisp numbers. A new objectivefunction is designed and solved, by which a minimum degree of
acceptable uncertainty (the h‐level or h‐cut) is found. Twonumerical examples are presented to compare the proposed
approach with other methods.
Modelling Corporate Financial Crisis Management: Optimal
Cashflow Management in SMEs
M Aba‐Bulgu1, Sardar Islam2
1MSM Loss Management, Australia
2Victoria University, Australia

The application of optimisation models and techniques tocorporate financial crisis management is not very common, eventhough there are numerous theoretical and empirical models thathave been applied in relation to financial optimisation theory andpractice, and cashflow management techniques. This researchdevelops a cashflow optimisation technique for SMEs in an abrupt
financial crisis resulting from natural or man‐made disasters suchas fire, flood, storm, etc. The development and application of sucha dynamic model is particularly important due to the frequency
and severity of natural and man‐made disasters in the various
economic sectors of Australian small business communities. The
implications of the modelʹs results for financial crisis management
are discussed.
Product Development Performance Measures in Manufacturing
Firm
Zhonghang Bai1, Peng Zhang1, Fang Liu1, Runhua Tan1
1Hebei University of Technology, China

Product development is becoming more and more importance for
manufacturing firm. However, a well‐designed performancemeasurement system can demonstrate the impacts of productdevelopment on the whole firm and be utilized for motivation ofpeople, especially product development staff. At the same time,
suitable product development measures provide valuable
information for the controlling of activities and continuous
improvement of the product development process. This paper
reviews the evolution of manufacturing sectors, analyzes the roleof performance measures and product development performancemeasure proposals in manufacturing, especially from thestandpoint of manufacturing firms in China.
Dynamic Preventive Maintenance Policy Based on Health Index
Wenzhu Liao1, Ershun Pan1, Lifeng Xi11Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China

The purpose of this article is to propose a dynamic preventive
maintenance policy for the repairable deteriorating system.
Assume that the system after repair can not be “as good as new”,
and general repair which brings nonstationary recovery is adopted.
We propose the health index (HI) which can be inspected byequipment to describe the status of the system, and suppose thatgeneral repair has the corresponding recovery ability for different
health index. Then, a discrete Markov decision process (MDP) forthe maintenance policy optimization under minimizing thelong‐term average cost rate is built. Finally, a real case study fromChen and Feldman (1997) is presented to verify that theabovementioned methodology is efficient and practical.

Development of A New Model for the Flowshop Problem
Mostafa Mesgari Mashhadi1, Edward Stafford2, Fan Tseng2
1University of Tehran, Iran2University of Alabama in Huntsville, United States

A new mixed integer linear programming model for the regularflowshop scheduling problem is proposed in this paper. We show
how the model is derived from an existing model mathematically.
The new model has less number of constraints than the old model,
whereas it has more number of variables. In an experimental
design, the new model solves a class of problems in significantly
less computational time than the existing model.
A Hybrid Optimization Methods for Nonlinear Programming
Erwie Zahara1, Yi‐Tung Kao2, Chia Hsin1
1St. Johnʹs University, Taiwan
2Tatung University, Taiwan

Nonlinear programming models often arise in science andengineering. A nonlinear programming model consists of the
optimization of a function subject to constraints, in which both thefunction and constraints may be nonlinear. This paper proposes
the hybrid NM‐PSO algorithm, which is based on Nelder‐Mead(NM) simplex search method and particle swarm optimization(PSO), for solving nonlinear programming models. NM‐PSO iseasy to implement in practice as it does not require gradientcomputation and has been successfully applied in such
unconstrained optimization problems as data clustering and image
segmentation. Based on the results of solving six test functions
taken from the literature, it is shown that the hybrid NM‐PSO
approach outperforms particle swarm optimization in terms ofsolution quality and convergence rate. The new algorithm proves
to be extremely effective and efficient at locating optimal solutions.
Realtime Dynamic Multilevel Optimization for Demand‐Side
Load Management
Duy Long Ha1, Florent Frizon de Lamotte1, Quoc Hung Huynh1
1G‐SCOP, FranceThis paper focuses on Demand‐Side load Management applied toresidential sector. A multi‐scale optimization mechanism for
demand‐side Load management is proposed. It compose the AgentManagement of Energy, it carries out the distribution of the energyof the housing by proposing a dynamical threshold of total energy
consumption will be applied to each household. The home
automation system integrated in each household plays the role ofcontrolling all the energy consumption in the housing by using
service flexibilities, which have the possibilities to be modified andcontrolled. Thanks to the feedback of the satisfaction of the clientby the home automation system, the Agent Management canmodify the limit of power consumption of the household again.
This mechanism of control takes dynamically into account the
comfort of the users and satisfies the constraint from the energy
production capabilities. A simulation of 200 housing is also
illustrated the performance of this control mechanism.
Manufacturing Parts Sourcing with Delayed Transportation
PolicyTugce Erkan1, Emre Sancak1, Elif Yildirim1, Sibel Salman1
1Koc University, Turkey

We propose a joint inventory and transportation policy for amanufacturer that needs to source multiple parts from a single
supplier over a multi‐period planning horizon in order to facilitate
its production plan. Instead of shipping trucks from the supplier tothe manufacturer immediately whenever an order is given in aperiod, we allow delaying transportation to the next period inorder to decrease the number of truck shipments with low truck
loads. At the same time we maintain a minimum safety stock ofeach part at the manufacturer so that the production plan is not
disrupted. We introduce a mixed integer programming model that
represents the interdependency between ordering andtransportation decisions and minimizes the sum of bothtransportation and inventory holding costs incurred to the
manufacturer under the proposed policy. This model is utilized to
improve the parts sourcing operations of a bus manufacturer in
Istanbul with estimated sizeable savings on total costs.

75

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsD (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Decision Analysis and Methods (4)Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Mercury III
Xiansheng Qin and Chengter Ho

Environmental Practices for Manufacturing Performance: FANP
Approaches
Ming‐Lang Tseng1, Yuan‐Hsu Lin1, Jui Hsiang Chiang2, Jianhui Guo3
1Ming‐Dao University, Taiwan
2Toko University, Taiwan
3De La Salle Araneta University, Philippines

Environmental practices in manufacturing performance receive
increasing scrutiny from researchers and practitioners because of
the great uncertainty involved in the study. This research
integrates the effort of management, engineering and social scienceand investigates the integrated environmental practice framework
in order to reach a level of certainty in manufacturing performance.
The proposed research method preliminary identifies andstructures the strategic and operational elements into a frameworkthat helps management in evaluating alternatives under
uncertainty. The result indicates that delivery is the most importantalternative in lower uncertainty whereas lower cost in higher
uncertainty.
Prioritization of Competitive Priority in Cleaner Production
Implementation
Yuan Hsu Lin1, Ming‐Lang Tseng1, Jui Hsiang Chiang2, Yow Mow Chen3
1Ming‐Dao University, Taiwan
2Toko University, Taiwan
3Tunghai University, Taiwan

The aim of this paper is to identify the cleaner production
implementation manufacturing firm to prioritize competitive
priority in environmental uncertainty. Fuzzy analytic hierarchy
process, the research methodology, discusses to tackle the different
decision criteria involved in the prioritization of the alternatives in
the case firm. It is an efficient tool to handle the fuzziness of thedata involved in deciding the preferences of different criteria inorder to select the alternatives. Each comparison is tapped in theform of triangular fuzzy numbers to construct fuzzy pairwise
comparison matrices. The proposed model, from literatures, canprovide a framework for the organization to prioritize thecompetitive priority in cleaner production implementation. The
research finding is the PCB manufacturer prioritized flexibility as
major competitive priority in environmental uncertainty.
Evaluation of Worker Productivity Improvement Using ISM andFAHP
YiLi Cheng1, Anthony SF Chiu2, Ming‐Lang Tseng3, Yuan Hsu Lin3
1Wu Feng Institute of Technology, Taiwan
2De La Salle University, Philippines
3Ming‐Dao University, Taiwan

In recent years, many printed circuit board manufacturing firms
have looked upon worker productivity improvement as the meansby which they could improve their firm performance. This paper
uses the critical factors and interpretive structural modeling that
determine the structure of analytical hierarchical process model infuzzy environment. Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process based
methodology be discussed to tackle the different decision criteria
in a hierarchical structure in the improvement of worker
productivity. The findings advocate that these manufacturing firms
would thereby the hierarchical model to setup the priorities of theworker productivity improvement. And best practice, reduce unit
cost and physical working environment are the crucial sub‐factors
for worker productivity improvement.

76

New Product Portfolio Selection Using Fuzzy Logic
Ching‐Torng Lin1
1Dayeh University, Taiwan

Limited by the resources a company requires to strategicallyallocating resources in a set of new product projects. A portfolio
management decision is usually made on the basis of productvalue, project risk and business strategies. Due to both the natureand timing of new product development, portfolio selection isassociated with uncertainty and complexity, and conventional
evaluation methods not can handle such decisions suitably andeffectively. However, fuzzy logic is well suited for decision making
with uncertainty. Thus, a method for portfolio selection decisionusing fuzzy logic is proposed. As an illustration, an IT new
product portfolio selection in Taiwan’s company is cited todemonstrate the evaluation procedure can be used in new productportfolio.
Applying Incomplete Linguistic Preference Relations to a
Selection of ERP System Suppliers
Tien‐Chin Wang1, Yu‐Chen Chiang1, Shu‐Chen Hsu1
1I‐Shou University, Taiwan

This study provides a method to solve the Incomplete Linguistic
Preference Relations under Multi‐Criteria Decision Making. The
method uses simple calculation and can speed up the process ofcomparison and selection of alternative.
Decision‐making
Experts obtain the matrix by choosing a finite and fixed set ofalternatives and set a pairwise comparison based on their different
preferences and knowledge. The method considers only n‐1
judgments, whereas the traditional analytic hierarchy approachtakes n(n‐1)/2 judgments in a preference matrix with elements.
By using the method described above, this study evaluates the ERP
system suppliers.
A Fuzzy TOPSIS Approach with Entropy Measure for
Decision‐Making Problem
Tien‐Chin Wang1, Hsien‐Da Lee1, Michael C.S Chang2
1I‐Shou University, Taiwan
2I‐shou University, Taiwan

Multiple criteria decision‐making (MCDM) is widely used inranking one or more alternatives from a set of available
alternatives with respect to multiple criteria. Inspired by MCDM
which are methods to systematically evaluate alternatives, we
propose a new fuzzy TOPSIS approach for evaluating alternatives
using both subjective and objective weights. Objective weight canbe helpful in identifying more important attributes. With our
method, we provide decision makers more information to makemore subtle decisions.

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsE (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Decision Analysis and Methods (5)Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Mercury III
Jerzy Michnik and Shurong Tong

On Decision Criteria for One‐Shot Decision with Possibilistic
Information
Peijun Guo1
1Yokohama National University, Japan

In this paper, approaches for one‐shot decision problems withpartially known information characterized by possibility
distributions are proposed. The procedure for one‐shot decisionconsists of two steps. The first step is to identify which state ofnature should be considered for each alternative. Eight kinds ofcriteria are introduced for choosing the states of nature called focus
points. The second step is to evaluate alternatives based on thefocus points. Using the proposed one‐shot decision approach, a
newsvendor problem with possibilistic information is analyzed.
The Fuzzy‐Entropy Approach for Techno‐economic Analysis of
The Green Construction Energy‐saving Structure System
Wen‐zhou Yan1, Jia Niu1, Hui‐yong Su2
1Xiʹan University of Architecture & Technology, China
2National University of Singapore, Singapore

Multistoreyed civil buildings usually adopt brick‐concrete or
reinforced concrete (RC) frame structure. However, both of thesestructures have obvious defects. Green structure is a new kind of
construction energy‐saving structure system. By applying
information entropy theory and fuzzy math method, this paper
proposed the techno‐economic compare and comprehensive
evaluation about the three structures above‐mentioned, andillustrated the notable techno‐economic and society environmental
benefits which are brought by the application of Green structure
system. The research provided the solid academic foundation forthe popularization and application of this kind of energy‐saving
structure system.
An Effective Heuristic Algorithm based on Segmentation for
Solving a Multilevel Lot‐sizing Problem
Ikou Kaku1, Zhaoshi Li1, Chunhui Xu2
1Akita Prefectural University, Japan
2Chiba Institute of Technology, Japan

This paper presents an effective heuristic algorithm for solving themultilevel lot‐sizing problem, which is an important decision
making process in manufacturing production systems and awell‐known benchmark of combinatorial optimization problems.
The heuristic algorithm is based on the soft optimization approach,which has been reported recently that it can seek a good enoughsolution with a high probability for solving the multilevellot‐sizing problem. However, there were several points should be
improved in the solution performances obtained by the soft
optimization. One of them is how to construct the samples becauseeven using the same uniform sampling method there may somedifferent algorithms be and can lead to different sample. In thispaper we discuss the sample construct problem and develop aheuristic algorithm based on segmentation. The effectiveness of theheuristic algorithm is presented by comparative experiments withthe soft optimization and the genetic algorithm.

Using AHP in Decision Analysis ‐ the Case of Vietnam State
Securities Commission
Cher‐Min Fong1, Chengter Ho2, Hoang Linh Nguyen1
1National Sun Yat‐Sen University, Taiwan
2National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Taiwan

This paper uses Saaty’s Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) toformulate the strategy framework for Vietnamʹs State Securities
Commission (SSC). In the first step, a questionnaire was designed
to find Key Success Factors (KSFs) of the strategy of Taiwan
Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC) by using thebenchmarking technique. Criteria for questionnaire are carefully
selected based on the Principles for securities market regulation set
forth by the International Organization of Securities Commissions(IOSCO). The KSFs of FSC were then used to conduct a survey in
the State Securities Commission of Vietnam (SSC). The datacollected by AHP‐structured pair wise comparisons wereconstructed into a computer‐based program called Expert Choice.
The result shows that top priority choice for SSC is to build up
financial and operational capacity for securities firms, which inturn, will best support other alternatives. Another finding shows
useful techniques in strategic management widely applicable inthe business world can perfectly fit into the not‐for‐profit contexts
in a way that it can help SSC reassessing and remodeling current
flows of work in developing the nascent securities market to be themarket that protect investors, insure fair, effective, transparent
environment and reduce market systemic risk.
Fuzzy AHP in Prioritizing Feeders for Maintenance in Nuclear
Power Plants
Srividya A.1, Suresh H.N.1, Verma A.K.1
1Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India

A fuzzy version of prioritizing among a number of alternatives
under different decision criteria of Saaty’s pair wise comparison
method is presented in this paper. Each ratio expressing therelative significance of a pair of factors is displayed in a matrix
from which suitable weights can be extracted. Since these ratios are
essentially fuzzy ‐they express the opinion of a decision‐maker on
the importance of a pair of factors. This method is used in such away, that experts are asked to express their opinions in fuzzy
numbers with triangular membership functions. The method isapplied at two levels: beginning with finding fuzzy weights for thedecision criteria, and followed by finding fuzzy weights for thealternatives under each of the decision criteria. Fuzzy scores for thealternatives are obtained. Using the fuzzy scores, experts will beable to prioritize the alternatives for maintenance activities basedon the listed criterion. The method is illustrated for outlet feeders
in a nuclear power plant with representative values.

77Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsF (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Production Planning and Control (1)Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Mercury III
Kim Leng Poh and Kuang‐Yao Wu

Semiconductor Production Planning Using Robust Optimization
Adam T.S. Ng1, John Fowler2
1National University of Singapore, Singapore
2Arizona State University, United States

We consider a semiconductor chip production planning problem,
where chips with different performance characteristics are produced
from the same wafer supply simultaneously. Due to long production
cycle times, decisions on the wafer production need to be executed
prior to knowing the demands and binning information exactly. Once
this information is realized, assignment decisions are then executed toallocate the available production to satisfy the demands. Furthermore,product substitution is allowed in the allocation. To address the issue ofdata uncertainty in the planning process, in this work we propose to
use the robust optimization approach to develop a new planning modelfor the problem. Our model is based on a two‐stage robust network
flow problem, and we demonstrate that by using our proposed model,
we are able to achieve production plans that can hedge against the
random variations in the data without over‐sacrificing the solution
quality. Furthermore, the robust optimization models require limited
distributional assumptions and result in linear programming
counterpart problems, which can be solved efficiently using
commercial solvers.
TOC/DBR Based Production Planning and Control in a
Manufacturing System with Multiple System Bottlenecks
Zailin Guan1, Yunfang Peng1, Xiaoling Yang1, Xinyu Shao1
1Huazhong University of Science & Technology, China

Bottleneck limits the throughput of a system, and multiple bottlenecks
make the system harder to plan and control. In this paper, we propose a
TOC/DBR based method for production planning and control when
multiple bottlenecks exist. Especially, an algorithm for bottleneck
scheduling with setup time is presented, and some simulation study
has been carried out in an electronics manufacturing enterprise tovalidate its effect.
Market‐based Negotiation Model for Employ‐driven Distributed
Production SchedulingMoonsoo Shin1, Jungtae Mun1, Mooyoung Jung1
1POSTECH, South Korea

The up‐to‐date market dynamics and decentralization have brought
about the needs for agile production control and distributed decision
making. Thus, an efficient and effective approach to coordination of
distributed and dynamic decision entities is required. In this paper, adynamic production control framework for distributed production
systems is addressed by adopting a market‐based negotiation approach,which is a promising approach compatible with the requirement. In theframework, production control is regarded as a continuous procedureof making employment contracts between production resources. In
particular, a negotiation model for dynamic distributed scheduling ispresented, including the internal decision models of principal entities,
employer and employee.
Decentralized Planning and Control for Assembly Areas Driven by
Gentelligent® Parts
Matthias Schmidt1, Philip Fronia1, Frank Fisser1, Peter Nyhuis1
1Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Germany

Logistically controlling assembly areas is based on processing
information. The availability of the required information is thus adecisive factor. This paper introduces an approach for controllingassembly areas. The method is based on processing information fromso called Gentelligent® parts. Gentelligent® parts can function as
storage mediums and as such are able to record, save, process andcommunicate information. Due to these properties, Gentelligent® parts
can function as a decentralized Enterprise Information System (EIS). As
a result, extensive potential for improving logistic and technicalprocesses arises along the product evolutionary process and during theusage phase.

78

Analytical and Heuristic Approaches for Solving the Spatial
Scheduling Problem
Piyush Raj1, Rajiv Srivastava1
1Indian Institute of Management Lucknow, India

Spatial scheduling seeks optimal allocation of space apart from anefficient temporal schedule. Applications are common in shipbuilding
industry and at places where space is a resource. Previous approaches
to solve the problem focus on use of computational geometry andgenetic algorithm. In this paper with the help of some realistic
assumptions we formulate the problem as a special case of three
dimensional bin packing problem. We show that for block shop
scheduling problems time window and precedence constraints may
provide efficient bounds for solving the problem optimally. For areas
where these bounds are not available we suggest a heuristics approachto arrive at good spatial schedules.
A Bayesian Network Approach to Job‐Shop Rescheduling
Nur Aini Masruroh1, Kim Leng Poh1
1National University of Singapore, Singapore

Recently most researches in the scheduling area focus on schedulingunder uncertainty, as real‐world production activities are subject toconsiderable uncertainty. In highly dynamic situation, it is often
required to resolve the baseline schedule. Deciding the right time tochange the schedule becomes critical in minimizing the additional cost
involved. The need for method that enables updating of current
information and situation is absolutely required. In this paper we
proposed a methodology to manage the shopfloor uncertainty using
Bayesian Network (BN). Although BN is widely used in several
domains, the use of BN in manufacturing area is still uncommon. BN isa powerful approach for reasoning under uncertainty and it can beused to model the real time shop‐floor condition. Here, we consider theschedule as a part of the total system. Hence, the proposed model
considers both direct and indirect factors, i.e. it includes the interactionof the schedule with other factors in the system. Furthermore, BN isextended into Influence Diagram to evaluate the need of rescheduling.
In addition, a different approach is proposed to define the conditional
probability of the nodes that need further analysis. The proposed
method is applied to the case of stochastic job‐shop schedulingsystems.
Process Disturbance Identification Using ICA‐Based Image
Reconstruction Scheme With Neural Network
Shien‐Ping Huang1, Chih Chou Chiu2, Deborah F. Cook3, Chi‐Jie Lu4
1Taipei College of Maritime Technology, Taiwan
2National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan
3Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, United States
4Ching Yun University, Taiwan

Process monitoring and control of a production line are often used inindustry to maintain high‐quality production and to facilitate highlevels of efficiency in the process. However, current process control
techniques, such as statistical process control (SPC) and engineering
process control (EPC), may not effectively detect abnormalities,
especially when autocorrelation is present in the process. This paper
proposes an independent component analysis (ICA)‐based image
reconstruction scheme with a neural network approach to identify
disturbances and recognize shifts in the correlated process parameters.
The resulting image can effectively remove the textual pattern andpreserve disturbances distinctly. We illustrate our approach using two
most commonly encountered disturbances, the step‐change
disturbance and the linear disturbance, in a manufacturing process.
The experimental results reveal that the proposed method is effective
and efficient for disturbance identification in correlated processparameters when disturbance is significant. Additionally, theidentification rate made by the proposed method is slightly influenced
by the data correlation.
An Empirical Investigation of Learning Curve Laws in the Tile
Manufacturing Industry
Anna Chatzimichali1, Vassilios Tourassis1
1Democritus University of Thrace, Greece

The ceramic tile manufacturing industry is under constant strain today
due to the competitive environment worldwide and to the changing
patterns of consumer behavior. Despite its highly automatedproduction lines, the industry is becoming less of a mass manufacturer
and more of a batch producer with all the corresponding issues thatsuch a move entails. The frequent setup and re‐tooling of the
production has led to renewed interest on the subject of learning curvelaws and their impact on the productivity of items re‐introduced after
short periods of time to the product mix. The actual industrial data
presented in this paper support the premise that the learning curve
phenomenon is present, albeit in a more complex sense, when tile
patterns are produced in relatively small batches and the resulting
ramp‐up is reminiscent of new product setup.

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsD (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Systems Modeling and Simulation (1)Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Jupiter I
Jayendran Venkateswaran and Kiekang Chao

Design Management for Project Success
Leon Pretorius1, Arie Wessels2, Alex C Rooney2
1University of Johannesburg, South Africa
2Denel Dynamics, South Africa

This paper briefly reviews design management with the aim ofre‐emphasizing its relationship to systems and Systems
Engineering as well as Project Management. The important rolethat design management can play in project success is illustrated in
two South African case studies.
Service‐Oriented Architecture on a Windows Cluster for
Spreadsheet Simulation
Juta Pichitlamken1, Putchong Uthayopas1, Supasit Kajkamhaeng1, Noocharin
Tippayawannakorn1
1Kasetsart University, Thailand

We present a proof‐of‐concept prototype for applying
service‐oriented architecture (SOA) on a Windows cluster tospreadsheet simulation. A scalable architecture based onWeb
Services is proposed. The experimental results show that the
prototype system functions in a highly scalable way.
Integrated Performance Measurement to Support Strategic
Decision Making in Engineering Organisations
John Davis1, Alasdair MacDonald1, Emad Marashi2
1University of Bristol, United Kingdom
2Power & Water University of Technology, IranThis paper highlights the growing importance of integrated
performance measurement in the management of engineeringorganisations. The authors present a systematic, process‐based
method to help strategic decision makers use organisational
performance information. The method uses a common language topresent both qualitative and quantitative evidence taken from pastand current data and from forward looking scenarios andsimulations. Different applications of the method from highways
engineering and the electricity supply industry are presented inorder to highlight its functional flexibility.

A Vehicle‐Target Simulation Model for Network‐Centric Joint
Air Operations
Madjid Tavana1, Nathaniel Gemelli2, Robert Wright2
1La Salle University, United States
2Air Force Research Laboratory, United States

Joint Air Operations (JAO) are traditionally orchestrated using
static vehicle roles assigned from command and control. The
central command and control model used by the Air Force cannot
anticipate changes in the battlespace and take advantage ofcontinuous information provided by the sensors in a
network‐centric environment. With recent advances in informationand communication technology and the increased need for a
dynamic and flexible response, vehicles are expected to assume
multiple roles over the course of a mission. In this study, wedevelop a simulation model that considers four competing
objectives (effort, effectiveness, efficiency, and connectivity) toassess vehicle‐target allocation for network‐centric JAO.
Stranded on Emergency Isle: Modeling Competition for Cardiac
Services using Survival Analysis
Scott Levin1, Jin Han1, Dominik Aronsky1, Chuan Zhou1, Nathan Hoot1, Lori
Kelly1, Dan France1
1Vanderbilt University, United States

Patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) consume a large
proportion of inpatient, procedural and emergency services within
United States health care system. These patients are major
contributors to the steadily increasing demand for health careservices nationwide. Unfortunately, economic and legislative
factors have resulted in concurrent reductions in hospital system
capacity. The resulting imbalance has fallen directly on to theshoulders of emergency departments (ED) in the form of boarding.
Boarding refers to the act of holding admitted patients in the ED
until an inpatient bed becomes available. Boarding is a barrier toefficient throughput, a major contributor to ED overcrowding anda threat to patient safety. Patients with CVD often use the ED as
an entry point to the hospital system. These patients frequently
experience long boarding times as a result of hospital widecompetition for inpatient resources.
The objective of this study is to use survival analysis to determine
how demand from competing cardiology admission sources affects
access to ED patients requiring inpatient cardiac care. The model
reflects bed management policies of the division of cardiology anddemonstrates how variability in demand for cardiac services (i.e.,surgical, catheterization, telemetry, intensive care) affects ED
boarding time for cardiac patients.

79Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsE (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Systems Modeling and Simulation (2)Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Jupiter I
Leon Pretorius and Yiping Lu

A Business Process Simulation Environment based on Workflow
and Multi‐Agent
Haiyan Zhao1, Jian Cao2
1Shanghai University for Science & Technology, China
2Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China

Simulation is an effective way to evaluate the performance of thebusiness process model and it provides supports to process
reengineering. But current business process simulation cannot
model the complex factors and is lack of a distributed andextendable system framework. An integrated business processsimulation environment based on workflow and multi‐Agent isprovided in this paper. In the environment, persons are modeled
as agents, which can have individual complex properties andbehaviors. At the same time, the enforcement of complex task
assignment policies is simulated through a bidding process among
agents. The system structure, key technologies together with theimplementation are presented in the paper.
A Multi‐Stage Modeling Framework for Web Service
Composition
Jian Xiao1, Li Zheng1
1Tsinghua University, China

This paper considers Web service as a process net and defines it as
an extended Petri net, in order to inherit the closure property of
Petri nets. Some operators in the web service calculus areillustrated and mapped to the Petri nets operation. Then amulti‐stage modeling framework for Web service composition is
proposed based on formal modeling language. The framework issemi‐automatic. It leverages the advantages of process algebra andsemantic web modeling approaches, and integrates various
practical tools proposed by literatures in each stage to improve
productivity and reduce the expert skill requirements.
Modeling Reconfigurable Information Systems by using an
Executable Algebraic Framework
Yi Huang1, Benjamin Koo1, Li Zheng1
1Tsinghua University, China

The new generation information systems demand higher quality
integration of applied physical aspect and corresponding
information aspect. Reconfigurability is addressed as a key
property to meet the challenges of the rapidly changing physicalcontext. Actually, the modern information systems such as
Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems (RMS) and Business
Process Management (BPM) systems demand a high degree ofreconfigurability, which requires systems that are built on
properties of modularity, flexibility and scalability. We argue thatalgebraic languages are particularly suitable as a system analyticalframework for constructing and implementing a modular, flexible
and scalable information system. This paper presents an algebraic
framework called Algebra of Systems (AoS) and the associatedsupporting modeling tool called Object‐Process Networks (OPN).
The framework suggests an integration of actions and interactions
between the referred physical and information aspects through aprocess‐driven viewpoint, in order to automate and speed up
information system reconfigurability analyzing and modelingphases.

80

Language Integration for Model Validation
Thouraya Bouabana‐Tebibel1
1National Institute of Computer Science, Algeria

System validation allows to check whether the modeled systemcomplies with the customer requirements. For UML modeling,these requirements can be specified as invariants using the Object
Constraint Language OCL. OCL is an extension of the UML
notation for the expression of restrictions over the diagrams. To
validate OCL invariants, we develop an approach based on Petrinets and temporal logics. This approach allows the non trivial
integration of the temporal logic properties translated from the
OCL invariants with the Petri nets obtained from the UML 2.0
activity partitions. A case study is given throughout the paper toillustrate the approach.
An Optimizing Applied Algorithm for Complicatednon‐Markov Queuing Systems via Simulation (A Case Study)
Mohamad Mahdavi1, Mojtaba Mahdavi1
1Islamic Azad University of Najafabad, IranMost of the real queuing systems include special properties andconstraints, which can not be analyzed directly by using the resultsof solved classical queuing models. Lack of Markovian chainsfeatures, unexponential patterns and service constraints, are thementioned conditions. This paper represents an applied generalalgorithm for analysis and optimizing the queuing systems. The
algorithm stages are described through a real case study. It isconsisted of an almost completed non‐Markovian system withlimited number of customers and capacities as well as lots ofcommon exception of real queuing networks. Simulation is used
for optimizing this system. So introduced stages over the following
article include primary modeling, determining queuing systemkinds, index defining, statistical analysis and goodness of fit test,
validation of model and optimizing methods of system withsimulation.
Translating Graphical Conceptual model from STATEMATE to
FNLOG
Leila Jemni BenAyed1, Yousra Hlaoui BenDaly2
1Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Tunisia
2UTIC, Tunisia

In this paper, We propose an approach based on automatic
derivation schemes from STATEMATE models to FNLOG
specifications. STATEMATE is a semi formal method that pertains
to the specification and design of complex reactive systems andbuilds simulations and prototypes rapidly. Though STATEMATE
provides rigorous specifications, these are not verifiable to ensureand guarantee the reliability of the system being developed. To
fulfill this objective, a STATEMATE specification is translated intoa logicbased specification language called FNLOG which allows its
verification. This paper describes the translation approach, crossreferences between STATEMATE and FNLOG features, and thetranslation algorithm.

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsF (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Systems Modeling and Simulation (3)Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Jupiter I
Jian Cao and Maode Ma

A Conceptual Design Model Using Axiomatic Design, Functional
Basis and TRIZ
Ruihong Zhang1, Jianzhong Cha1, Yiping Lu1
1Beijing Jiaotong University, China

Axiomatic design can provide efficient tools and logical analyzing
processes to obtain good design. However, axiomatic design has its
limitations. For example, function‐structure model has not beenstandardized yet and also there is no method found, which can solve
the design problem. In this paper, we propose to integrate functional
basis and TRIZ as enabling technologies to be employed in axiomatic
design. First, we introduce functional basis as the uniform expression
for modeling to maximally reduce the diversities of thefunction‐structure model obtained by using Zigzagging mapping.
Second, we integrate functional basis and key words in contradiction,
evolution and effect in TRIZ as the theoretical basis for problem solving
in design.
Designing Reusable Building Blocks of Simulation Models for FMS
with Multi‐Sections
Kai‐Ying Chen1, Yi‐Chun Lin1, Mu‐Chen Chen2, Cheng Tah Yeh3
1National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan
2National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
3National Taiwan University of Science & Technology, Taiwan

Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) is an automated manufacturingsystem that incorporates all the relatively individual processing
stations (CNC machines) within the production plant. FMS isfundamental of reducing cost, rising reliability and coordination offlexibility, and productivity. This paper considers the simulation study
in the efficiency of multi‐sections FMS to perform the various types forseveral part operations in terms of maximize throughput, WIP and
waiting time with alternative routes selection by synthesizing
dispatching rules. The study will also focus on the reused modules
building functionality. Modeling efforts can be reduced to a great
extent through the development of domain specific modules that
encapsulate the domain‐specific logic and hide many of the modelingdetails. The key feature of this conception is to allow user to define newmodeling modules that can be tailored to a specific problem domain.
A Job Shop Scheduling Approach Based on Simulation Optimization
Yan Yan1, GuoXin Wang1
1Beijing Institute of Technology, China

With regards to the problem of the traditional scheduling approach
can’t establish the precise scheduling models and obtain the satisfied
scheduling results at the same time, a new scheduling approach basedon simulation optimization methodology is presented. The approachcomprises two modules: genetic algorithm (GA) based optimizer anddiscrete event simulation model. Candidate scheduling schemes
represented by a serial of scheduling rules are suggest by GA that
automatically guides the system towards better solutions. Simulation
models are used to evaluate the performance of candidate schedulingschemes, the results of evaluation are returned to the GA to be utilized
in selection of the next generation of candidate scheduling schemes tobe evaluated. This process continues until a satisfactory solution is
obtained. In addition, In order to build simulation model rapidly forthe similar production conditions, a simulation modeling approachbased on modular control models including shop level controller
model, cell level controller model and equipment level controller modelis present. The approach encompasses control logic, which areseparated from the basic modeling elements in the simulation model, ofdifferent levels in production system. Finally, a case study is presented
to illustrate the application of the proposed approach.
On the Max‐Plus Linear Representation for Event‐Varying Systems
with Buffer and Order Constraints
Hiroyuki Goto1, Keisuke Shoji1, Hiromasa Nagai1, Masaru Onuma1
1Nagaoka University of Technology, Japan

This paper extends the existent state‐space representation based on
max‐plus algebra and proposes a new form that can take into accountboth capacity and order constraints. It is often essential to consider
these factors when applying the MPL (Max‐Plus Linear) approach toscheduling problems for production or transportation systems. The
derived form is a type of augmented state‐representation and cancontribute to obtaining the earliest start and completion times forprocesses in installed facilities.

An Overview of Application of System Dynamics Modeling For
Analysis of Indian Sugar Industry
Channappa Javalagi1, Umesh Bhushi1
1Basaveshwar Engineering College, Bagalkot, India

Sugar cane and sugar sectors are quite important segments of the
Indian agriculture sector with great potential for impacting ruraldevelopment. Sugar industry has proved itself to be a nucleus of ruraldevelopment, particularly in its surrounding areas and has carved for
itself a very significant role in the national economy. The performanceof Indian sugar industry depends on national and international factors
which include sugar price, consumption pattern, Government policies
or support programme to name a few. The paper discusses the present
national and international scenario of sugar industry and their impact
on the performance. SD is an approach, which takes a causal view ofreality, and uses quantitative means to investigate the dynamic
behavior of socio‐technical systems and their response to policy. This
paper presents a conceptual framework for application of System
Dynamics modeling for analysis of Indian sugar industry. It also
describes how System Dynamics (SD) can aid as an effective
management tool to resolve the complex dynamic issues of sugar
industry management.
Improving Performance of a Station and Smoothing the Exit Rate inan Assembly Line
Amir Elmi1, Mohammad Reza Nazabadi2
1Sharif University of Technology, Iran2Tehran University, Iran

Assembly line is the most well‐known mass production system which
was first used by Henry Ford in automobile industries. Malfunction ofa station will have an impact on the whole assembly line. Having agreat impact on the performance of the whole assembly line, interactionof the stations on each other should be considered precisely. In thispaper we will use discrete event simulation to improve performance ofa station and the whole assembly line by smoothing the exit rate, whichis the entrance rate to the next station. At the end of this article, theresults for a case problem are illustrated and several conclusions are
driven.
Advanced Look‐ahead Based Approach (ALBA) for Distributed
Simulation of Supply Chains
Satish Tammineni1, Jayendran Venkateswaran1
1Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India

Distributed simulation is an emerging technique for simulation of
supply chains consisting of multiple independent detailed
discrete‐event models. Time synchronization is one of the critical issues
that affect the accuracy of results, network load and execution time. An
Advanced Look‐ahead Based Approach (ALBA), a hybrid conservative
approach for time synchronization, is proposed that allows the models
to run as‐fast‐as‐possible to the nearest interaction event. This isachieved using an improved supply chain domain specific look‐aheadalgorithm that handles multiple types of interactions. The effect ofstochasticity of the models on the performance of the look‐aheadalgorithm is discussed. Also, the performance of ALBA is appraised
against two other hybrid time synchronization approaches in literature.
Experimental results using a four player distributed supply chain
simulation show that ALBA functions better than the other approaches
in terms of network communication load and execution time.
Abrasive Process Machine Simulation Model, a Discrete andContinuous Approach
Henry Gasparin1, Daniel Saloni1, Richard Lemaster1
1NCSU, United States

Abrasive machining is commonly defined as a process to remove
material by the action of sharp grain of abrasive mineral in order toobtain a final desired shape and surface quality. Therefore is considered
one of the most important processes in the wood industry. The use ofsimulation on the most critical process in the wood industry would
definitely help to have a better understanding of the processes and theeffect of changes such as equipments, operators, and raw material, as
well as others. The objective of this research is to simulate the abrasive
process machine in wood machining to have a better understandingof the variables behavior that significantly affect sanding process whenchange in time. The model is using a large amount of equations (650+).
The model integrates continuous and discrete simulation, in addition, it
can be interactive (the operator learning curve can be introduced into
the model), and includes stochastic considerations in operation time,
maintenance, repairs, etc

81Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsD (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Quality and Reliability Engineering (1)Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Jupiter II
Rong Pan and Chih Wang

Yong Sun1, Lin Ma1, Joseph Mathew1
1Queensland University of Technology, Australia

A theoretical approach and applied techniques for designing
analogous electronic devices and systems with due account ofrandom variations in system parameters and reliability
specifications are considered. The paper discusses the problem ofchoosing parameter nominals of electronic devices and systems forwhich the system survival probability or the performanceassurance probability for the predetermined time period is
maximized. Several algorithms for region of acceptability location,modeling and discrete optimization using parallel and distributed
processing are discussed. For seeking a numerical solution of theparametric design problem a distributed computer‐aided
reliability‐oriented design system is proposed.

Optimal asset management in industries requires accurate
reliability prediction of complex repairable systems. A Split System
Approach (SSA) has previously been reported for predicting thereliability of complex systems with multiple Preventive
Maintenance (PM) cycles in a long term horizon. However, theexisting formulae were derived with an assumption that always
the same single component is repaired in all PM actions. This
paper extends the model to the scenario where different single
component is repaired. The model can be used to determine theremaining life of the system and to show the changes in reliability
with PM actions for this scenario, and hence can be used to support
asset PM decision making over the whole operation andmaintenance stage of the asset, such as scheduled PM times. Assets
often have a number of vulnerable components, i.e., the lives ofthese components are much shorter than the lives of the rest of thesystem. An optimal time of sequential PM actions on these criticalcomponents can maximise the useful life of the asset effectively.
The model developed in this paper can be used to determine thisoptimal PM strategy.

A Study on Software Reliability Prediction Based on Support
Vector Machines

The Effect of Dependency on the MRL Function of RedundantSystems

Reliability‐Directed Distributed Computer‐Aided Design
SystemOleg Abramov1, Yaroslava Katueva1, Dmitry Nazarov1
1Institute for Automation & Control Processes FEB RAS, Russian Federation

Bo Yang1, Xiang Li2
1University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, China
2National University of Singapore, Singapore

Support vector machines (SVMs) have been successfully used inmany domains, while their application in software reliability
prediction is still quite rare. A few SVM‐based software reliability
prediction models have been proposed in the literature; however,
the accuracy of prediction can still be improved. In this paper, we
propose an SVM‐based model for software reliability prediction
and we study issues that affect the prediction accuracy. Theseissues include: 1. Whether all historical failure data should be used;
2. What type of failure data is more appropriate to use in terms ofprediction accuracy. We also compare the prediction accuracy ofsoftware reliability prediction models based on SVM and artificial
neural network (ANN). Experimental results show that our
proposed SVM‐based software reliability prediction model could
achieve a higher prediction accuracy compared with ANN‐basedand existing SVM‐based models.
Software Release Optimization for a Non‐Kalman Filter SRGM
Xiaoyue Jiang1, Donglei Du2, Thomas Ray1, Sean Ghazavi1
1Louisiana State University, United States
2University of New Brunswick, Canada

The optimality of the One‐Bug‐Look‐Ahead (OLA) software
release policy proposed in [1] for a non‐Kalman filter type ofSoftware Reliability Growth Model (SRGM) is disproved in [2].
The remaining question ‐‐ what is the optimal policy ‐‐ is answeredin this paper. It turns out that the optimal policy has a control‐limit
structure similar to OLA, but is not as impatient. A key step in the
research is the identification of a Markov structure implied in theBayesian updating mechanism which in turn reduces the optimal
stopping formulation to an easily solvable Markov decision
problem. A numerical example based on the NTDS data is
included for illustration.

82

Prediction of System Reliability for Multiple Component
Repairs

Ali Zeinal Hamadani1, Azam Nasri1
1Isfahan University of Technology, IranIn some circumstances active or standby redundancy is used to
improve the reliability of the system while in others, series
redundancy is used to improve a different utility measure of thesystem. In assessing the reliability of a system with redundantcomponents it is often used to suppose the independency of thecomponents, this assumption is rarely valid in practice. In thispaper the effect of adding redundancy on the mean residual life
time function of the system is studied when two components are
dependent and have a bivariate FGM distribution and the results
are compared with the case of two independent.
A Weighted Loss Function Approach to the Multivariate RPD
ProblemChong Pan1, Yi‐zhong Ma1
1Nanjing University of Science & Technology, China

As products/processes often possess several quality characteristics,
Robust Parameter Design(RPD) problem is likely to be dealt withby considering multiple responses. Several researches have solved
this problem by using loss function. A weighted loss function
approach built on these researches is proposed in this paper tomake a good trade‐off between bias and variation components of
the objective function. In addition, an algorithm of the weightparameter is also suggested, which can be used when the priorinformation is vague. An example from the literature is given toillustrate the proposed method, and a numerical comparative
analysis of the results from different articles is also provided.

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsE (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Quality and Reliability Engineering (2)Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Jupiter II
Bo Yang and Vinod Puranik

Bayesian Evaluation Approach for Process Capability Based on
Subsamples
Huiming Zhu1, Jun Yang1, Liya Hao1
1Hunan University, China

Process capability indices (PCIs) have been widely used tomeasure the actual process information with respect to the
manufacturing specifications, and become the common language
for process quality between the customer and the supplier. Most of
existing research works for capability testing are based on the
traditional frequentist point of view and statistical properties of theestimated PCIs are derived based on the assumption of one single
sample. In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating andtesting process capability using Bayesian statistical techniques
based on subsamples collected over time from an in‐control
process. The posterior probability and the credible interval for themost popular index Cp under a non‐informative prior are derived.
The manufacturers can use the presented approach to perform
capability testing and determine whether their processes arecapable of reproducing product items satisfying customers’
stringent quality requirements when a production control plan is
implemented for monitoring process stability.
Process Targeting of Multi‐characteristic Product using Fuzzy
Logic and Genetic Algorithm with an Interval Based Taguchi
Cost Function
Syed Mujahid1, Salih Duffuaa1
1King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Saudi Arabia

In this paper, a fuzzy based process targeting model is developed
for a product with multi‐characteristic. It is assumed that thedesired quality characteristics cannot be measured directly and has
to be calculated indirectly from multi‐input process parameters. A
fuzzy relation between observed/input parameters andrequired/output characteristics is proposed. A genetic algorithm isdeveloped to obtain optimal process targets. The utility of the
proposed model and algorithm is illustrated by a realistic example.
Integration of Taguchiʹs Loss Function in the Economic Designof (x bar) ‐Control Charts with Increasing Failure Rate and Early
Replacement
Anas Al‐Ghazi1, Khaled Al‐Shareef1, Salih Duffuaa1
1King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Saudi Arabia

In this paper, Taguchi’s quadratic loss function is incorporated in
the economic design of the control chart. This is done by redefining
the in‐control and out‐of‐control costs using Taguchi’s loss functionin the general model for the economic design of xbar‐control charts
developed by Banerjee and Rahim [1]. Both cases of increasing
hazard rate (Weibull failure rate) and constant hazard rate
(exponential distribution) will be presented and followed bynumerical examples. Finally, sensitivity analysis is conducted to
study the effect of important parameters on the cost. Suggestions
for further research are also included.

System Performance, Degradation, and Reliability Assessment
Weiming Ke1, Cuirong Ren1, Kai Jin2, Huitian Lu1
1South Dakota State University, United States
2Texas A&M University Kingsville, United States

Degradation test and analysis provide the information to reliability
assessment of a system. Online degradation monitoring can be
adopted for real‐time system performance reliability or survival
prediction. This paper discusses the concepts of system
performance, degradation, and system performance reliability
assessment. The off‐line degradation data analysis for estimatingof time‐to‐failure distributions with asymptotic variances, and theon‐line performance degradation for reliability assessment andprediction with time series are reviewed and discussed. The
off‐line method is useful to the estimate of time‐to‐failure
distributions to those components with extremely high reliability,
whereas the on‐line method can be applied to those systems, inwhich degradation may result in a sudden catastrophic system
failure. The statistical methods in the two situations are discussed.
Faults Diagnosis Based on System Model in a Discrete‐partMachining System
Shichang Du1, Lifeng Xi11Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China

Root cause identification is one of deciding factors in current
manufacturing competitions. For a discrete‐part machining system,
it is very challenging to identify the faults, since the final productvariation caused by faults is an accumulation from all stations. This
paper explores a faults diagnosis methodology for the root causes
identification of a serial machining system. Firstly, a system model
is described to capture the relationship between process faults andproduct quality. Then based on the model, the Maximum
Likelihood Estimation algorithms are built to estimate the key
parameters of measurement data, such as the mean value andvariance, which followed by a hypothesis testing method todetermine the root causes at certain confidence level. A realmachining case illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed faults
diagnosis methodology.
Quality Issues in Enameling of Ceramic Industry Products
Ioannis Georgilas1, Vassilios Tourassis1
1Democritus University of Thrace, Greece

This paper details a set of quality issues associated with theenamelling of ceramic industry products.Enamelling is a common
manufacturing process in the sanitary ware industry, where
enamel is applied on the ceramic substrate to provide a coating ofprotection against corrosion and bacterial infection. This mass
manufacturing process combines manual and robotic
manipulation and presents unique quality issues. The issues
identified in this paper are representative of a greater family of
coating processes that deal with complex surfaces and pose special
challenges for production and quality engineering departments.

83Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsF (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Quality and Reliability Engineering (3)Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Jupiter II
Xiaoyue Jiang and Salih Duffuaa

CUSUM Quality Control Chart for Monitoring Energy Use
Performance
Vinod Puranik1
1Basaveshwar Engineering College, Bagalkot, India

This paper builds on measuring and evaluating energy use
performance of a process using statistical process control charts.
This paper discusses the application of the latest SPC tool named
CUmulative SUM of difference (CUSUM) to monitor energy use
data so that abnormal changes can be detected in a timely manner.
The application case study to highlight the benefits of CUSUM
charts for monitoring energy use performance is presented andperformance of these charts is compared to the traditional control
chart.
D‐Optimal Reliability Test Design for Two‐Stress Accelerated
Life Tests
Huairui Guo1, Rong Pan2
1ReliaSoft Co., United States
2Arizona State University, United States

Multiple‐stress accelerated life tests (ALTs) are often employed forreliability testing of electronic parts. It is important to derive theoptimal designs for these tests. However, most of the existing
literature on experimental design of ALTs discusses only
single‐stress tests. In this paper we formulate the D‐optimal designfor two‐stress ALTs with log‐normal failure time distribution. It isshown that an efficient testing plan can be obtained with required
estimation precision. ALT experimental designs for bothcompleted failure time data and time censored data are discussed.
VSSI X‐Bar Control Charts for Processes With Multiple
Assignable Causes
Ho‐Joong Lee1, Tae‐Jin Lim2, Seung‐Cheol Jang1
1Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, South Korea
2Soongsil University, South Korea

This research investigates the statistical efficiency of variablesample size and sampling interval (VSSI) X‐bar control charts
under multiple assignable causes. Algorithms for calculating the
average run length (ARL) and average time to signal (ATS) of a
VSSI X‐bar control chart are proposed by employing the Markov
chain method. States of a process are defined in vector forms
according to the location of a control statistic and the occurrence
states of the assignable causes. Initial probabilities and transition
probabilities are carefully derived from the definitions of the states.
Statistical properties of the proposed control chart are also
investigated. Illustrative examples show that the VSSI X‐bar
control chart is superior to the VSS or VSI X‐bar control chart aswell as to the Shewhart X‐bar control chart in a statistical sense,
even under multiple assignable causes.
A Neural Network Ensemble for Classifying Source(s) in
Multivariate Manufacturing Processes
Jian‐Bo Yu1, Lifeng Xi11Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China

In multivariate statistical process control, most multivariate quality
control charts are shown to be effective in detecting out‐of‐control
signals based upon an overall statistics. But these charts do notrelieve the need for pinpointing the source(s) of the out‐of‐control
signals. Neural Networks (NNs) have excellent noise tolerance andhigh pattern identification capability, which have been usedsuccessfully in MSPC. This study proposed a selective ANNs
ensemble approach DPSOEN, where several ANNs selected arejointly used to classify source(s) of out‐of‐control signals in
multivariate processes. Extensive experiment is also carried out toexamine effects of six statistical features on the performance of84

DPSOEN. The investigation proposes a heuristic approach for
applying DPSOEN as an effective tool to identify abnormal
source(s) in bivariate SPC with potential application for MSPC ingeneral.
Speeding‐up Experiences Return During New Productions
Industrialization
Samuel Bassetto1, Aymen Mili1, Ali Siadat2
1INPG, France
2ENSAM‐LGIPM, France

For semiconductors industries, mastering each new technology
ramp‐up is a key component of success on this gruelingmarketplace. This article presents the use and the deployment ofoperational risk concept to master the industrialization phase.
Paper’s propositions focus on experience feedback and operationalrisks during this critical period which can compromise a plant’s
future.
A Study of Genetic Algorithm for Project Selection for Analogy
Based Software Cost Estimation
Yanfu Li1, Min Xie1, Thong Ngee Goh1
1National University of Singapore, Singapore

Software cost estimation is critical for software project
management. Many approaches have been proposed to estimate
the cost with current project by referring to the data collected form
past projects. Analogy Based Estimation (ABE), which isessentially a case‐based reasoning (CBR) approach, is one of suchtechniques. In order to obtain successful results from ABE, many
previous studies developed effective methods to optimize theweights of the features (Feature Weighting). However, ABE is
criticized for the low prediction accuracy, and the sensitivity to theoutliers. To alleviate these drawbacks, we introduce the selection of
appropriate project subsets (Project Selection) by Genetic
Algorithm. The promising results of the proposed method and thecomparisons against other ABE model and machine learningtechniques indicate our method’s effectiveness and potential as a
candidate method for Software Cost Estimation.
Research on Optimization Model of Multi IT Applications basedon Nonlinear Goal Programming Method
Hongxun Jiang1, Yongyan Yang1, Ming Dong1
1Renmin University of China, China

IT service performance tuning aims to meliorate the resource
allocation for multi IT applications hierarchized by business logic,
grounded on the cooperative enterprise intranet environment
which is distributed and heterogeneous, in order to get the best
business support levels and gain maximum profit with resources
constraints. After analyzing the two factors that have impact on theapplication service, the authors emphasize in this paper theestablishment of performance tuning model which optimizes theresources allocating policy, based on goal programming method.
And then an example is given to validate the availability of themodel. Finally further issues about the existing problems andfuture improvement about the model are discussed.
Reliability Analysis of a Two Unit System
Zuhair Al Hemyari1, Syed Rizwan2
1University of Nizwa, Oman
2Caledonian (University) College of Engineering, Oman

The aim of the paper is to present a reliability analysis principles
and modeling techniques to technological systems. The paper thus
proposes a two unit cold standby system with the concept of rest
period of the repairman. A system with a single repairman isanalyzed, where repairman is given rest when tires during the job
and the system waits till his recovery. Some important reliability
indices are obtained by using semi‐Markov processes andregenerative point techniques. Expected total profit incurred to thesystem is also obtained. Mean times to system failure and profit
results are demonstrated graphically for hypothetical values.

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsD (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Manufacturing Systems (1)Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Jupiter III
Sittichai Kaewkuekool and Jian‐Bo Yu

Optimization of Cellular Manufacturing Systems Design Using
the Hybrid Approach based on the Ant Colony and Tabu SearchTechniques
Barthelemy Ateme‐Nguema1, Thien‐My Dao1
1Ecole de technologie supérieure/University of Québec, Canada

Cellular Systems Design Problems (CSDP) constitute an important
issue in the design of Cellular Manufacturing Systems (CMS). A
few years back, it emerged as the best alternative in manufacturingsystems, representing a compromise between the efficiency ofserial and the flexibility of batch production systems. In this paper,
we propose a hybrid approach for solving the CSDP for large
industrial data sets. This procedure comprises an Ant Colony
Optimization (ACO) and the Tabu Search (TS) procedure, which isadded in order to improve the quality of the ACO solutions
obtained. The problem is formulated as a binary integer
programming model that might minimize the dissimilarities
existing between machines or parts, and that is characterized as an
NP‐complete model. With this proposed approach, the results
obtained show that it is efficient in terms of the quality andcomputational time of the solutions. To demonstrate the potential
ability of the proposed approach, a numerical example has been
investigated.
Cell Formation with Workload Data in Cellular Manufacturing
System Using Genetic Algorithm.
Ponnambalam Sivalinga G1, SudhakaraPandian R2, Mohapatra S S3,
Saravanasankar S2
1Monash University, Malaysia Campus, Malaysia
2Kalasalingam University, India
3National Institute of Technology, India

Cellular Manufacturing System (CMS) is regarded as an efficient
production strategy for batch type of production. CMS rests on theprinciple of grouping the machines into machine cells and parts
into part families based on suitable similarity criteria. Usuallyzero‐one machine‐part incidence matrix (MPIM) obtained from theroute sheet information is used to form machine cells. In this paper,an attempt has been made to solve the cell formation problem
considering work load data and a genetic algorithm (GA) issuggested to form machine cells and part families. The
performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with existingalgorithms such as K‐means algorithm and modified ART1
algorithm found in the literature using a newly defined
performance measure known as modified grouping efficiency(MGE). The proposed algorithm is tested with problems fromopen literature and the results are compared with the existingalgorithms found in the literature. The results support the better
performance of the proposed algorithm.
Web‐enabled Calibration of Micro Robotic System
Yongjin (James) Kwon1, Bill Tseng2, Richard Chiou3
1Ajou University, South Korea
2The University of Texas at El Paso, United States
3Drexel University, United States

The Component based Remote Management System for the FA
Machine via the Internet
Hwa‐Young Jeong1, Jeoung Woo Byun1, Young Jae Song1
1Kyunghee University, South Korea

These instructions give you basic guidelines for preparing
camera‐ready papers for AP’s journals. The component logic
makes up the remote status view of the GUI communication
modules which has associating the message interrupt method andthe timer. This research aimed the IC test handler and this system
can display on the web for review and analysis. The proposed
method improves the analyzability by catching the operational
data under various operation statuses.
Study of the Industrial Influential Factors of Capital Allocation
Efficiency in China’s Manufacturing Industry
Liwei Cheng1, Jin‐chan Ren1
1Harbin Institute of Technology, China

This paper calculates the yearly capital allocation efficiency oftwenty eight manufacturing industries in China from 1999 to 2005
and analyzes influential factors of capital allocation efficiency withpanel data model and sectional data model. Econometrical results
show that the influential factors include FDI, foreign capitalʹsmonopoly degree on high‐tech and capital‐intensive industries,
labor populationʹs reflecting coefficient on industrial growth andcapital return rate. The higher ratio of foreign fixed equity is, thehigher allocation efficiency is; the higher foreign capitalʹsmonopoly degree in high tech and capital‐intensive industries is,
the lower allocation efficiency is; the higher labor populationʹsreflecting coefficient on industrial growth is, the higher capital
allocation efficiency is; the higher capital return rate is, the lower
allocation efficiency is. Accordingly, when making the most use offoreign capital’s allocation effect its monopoly on high‐tech andcapital‐intensive industries should be avoided. Meanwhile thegovernment should distribute investing scale, total credit quota
and information of supply and demand in the market to make theenterprises and financial structure know economic condition of
now and future to avoid negative influence that over affectmanufacturing industryʹs capital allocation efficiency whenindustrial structure upgrades.
A Genetic Algorithm for Layout problems in Cellular
Manufacturing Systems
Prafulla Kulkarni1, Kripa Shanker2
1K.K.Wagh IEE & Research, India
2Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India

The layout problem is one of important decision in cellular
manufacturing systems (CMS). After deciding the cells and theintercellular movements in the cell formation stage, it is necessary
to do proper layout of machines to get effective utilization of CMS.
Proper layout will minimize material handling cost to a greater
extent. In this paper, a mathematical formulation is presented. As it
is NP‐hard, a genetic algorithm is adopted as solution
methodology. In order to validate the performance of the algorithm
a well known quadratic assignment problems (QAP) that deals
with location are taken for testing which shows that the proposed
methodology provides promising results. The effectiveness of GA
approach is evaluated with numerical examples. The cost
performance is compared with other approaches. The intra celllayout problem is discussed.

The remote calibration of robot has not been feasible due totechnical limitations. Recently, the advances in Internet
technologies enabled various production equipment, sensors, andcontrol functions integrated with network systems. The purpose ofthis study is to demonstrate the feasibility regarding the remotecalibration of web‐controllable production micro robotic system.
Many technical merits can be accrued from this approach. Robot
operators do not have to be on‐site, and the positioning accuracy of
the robot can be quantified and verified. The geographical barriers
can be overcome and the robot can be integrated into theautomated information networks for more efficient production
planning and guaranteed part positioning accuracy.

85

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsE (13:30 ‐ 15:00)
Manufacturing Systems (2)Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Jupiter III
Reza Tavakkoli‐Moghaddam andPonnambalam Sivalinga G

Complex Scheduling Strategy for Dynamic Environment inDigitalization‐Production Shop
Lin Gong1, Houfang Sun1, Qian Xu1
1Beijing Institute of Technology, China

The digitalization‐production shop is a very complex and dynamic
production environment. It a task‐oriented production
organization, so its production scale and machining ability should
be dynamic too. This paper presents a two‐hierarchical strategy toanalyze the machine load balance and machinability so as to obtaina feasible schedule with minimum total tardiness and maximum
machines utilizations.
In the first hierarchy, using fuzzy judgment, the substitution ofequipment or combination of equipment can be found, which hassimilar functions with the bottleneck equipment. The tasks in thebottleneck equipment can be dispatched to the substitutableequipment in order to achieve load balance. The second hierarchy
is an optimization part. A new scheduling algorithm, which
integrates genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization
algorithm, is adapted to solve scheduling problem. It is more
effective than genetic algorithm. The validity and feasibility of thestrategy is verified by the final experiment.
Considering a Cyclic Multiple‐Part Type Three‐Machine Robotic
Cell Problem
Isa Nakhai Kamalabadi1, Saiedeh Gholami2, Ali Hossein Mirzaei2
1University of Kurdistan, Iran
2Tarbiat Modares University, IranIn this paper, we develop a new mathematical model for a cyclic
multiple‐part type three‐machine robotic cell problem withassumption of S_6 robot movement policy that minimizes thecycle time. The developed model is based on Petri nets andprovides a new method to calculate cycle times by considering
waiting times. It was proved that calculating cycle time under S_6
policy is unary NP‐complete. Obtaining an optimal solution forthis type of complex, large‐sized problem in reasonable
computational time by using traditional approaches andoptimization tools is extremely difficult. In this paper we implemet
the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for solving the
problem. To validate the developed model and solution algorithm,
various test problems are examined.
An Investigation on the Multiple Attribute Decision Making(MADM) Methods for Solving the Cell Formation Problem
Arshia Ahi1, Behzad Ashtiani1, M.Bahador Aryanezhad1, Ahmad Makui1
1Iran University of Science & Technology, IranThis paper deals with the cell formation problem that is the firststep in designing cellular manufacturing system (CMS). The
previous methods that were based on the array‐based clustering
for solving the cell formation problem have used the part‐machine
incidence matrix (PMIM) which was indicated the set of machines
for processing each part. The main problem of these methods is thegrouping parts and machines regardless of production volume,
operational sequences, production cost, inventory and otherproduction system’s limitations. In this paper we intend to
implement the multiple attribute decision making (MADM)
concepts for covering the cause of drawback in the previous
array‐based clustering methods by considering two definitions of
the arrays in PMIM. Four methods are presented that two methods
are related to the binary arrays in PMIM and other two methods
are considered the operational time as well as the operationalsequencing in the definition of the arrays in PMIM. The results ofthe presented methods that are compared with a well‐known
approach are also reported.

86

A Novel Collaborative Control Strategy for Collaborative
Manufacturing
Ying Zhang1, Lijie Li2
1Ningbo College of Health Science, China
2Ningbo City College of Vocational Technology, China

The paper propounds a complete system architecture including
task planning, configuration management and collaborative
control for collaborative manufacturing. Collaborative control isvital in the collaborative manufacturing for controlling thecommunications
andproduction
management
betweenalliance‐host and out‐manufacturers staff. A collaborative control
strategy adopted through the whole procedure of collaborative
manufacturing will be introduced to collaborative manufacturing,which solves the problem of disorder of collaborative
manufacturing as a result of frequent modification of productrequirements and plan of task.
Multi‐agent Based Reconfigurable Manufacturing Execution
SystemMin Yu1, Weimin Zhang1, Peter Klemm2
1Tongji University, China
2Universität Stuttgart, Germany

Fierce market competition forces enterprises and manufacturingsystems to organize the manufacturing resources dynamically toreact to perturbations of market quickly. As the bridge between
shop floor level and control level, Manufacturing Execution
System (MES) should be flexible, adaptable, reusable andextendable. To meet these requirements, a two‐fold hybrid
multi‐agent control architecture, which takes advantages of
distributed and decentralized control architecture, and thefunctions of each agent are introduced. In this paper
reconfigurable MES (RMES) is realized by a synergy of two
concepts: reconfigurable manufacturing cell and blackboard
architecture. RMC possesses some characteristics and functions of
RMC to enable manufacturing resources to be reconfigured
dynamically. As the core agent of the RMES, configuration agent
utilizes the blackboard architecture which has several attractive
features such as explicit control, modularity, and structured
interaction. To implement the framework, the reconfiguring
process of RMES is established.
Surface Profile Tolerance Measuring Method using Kriging
MethodJongseong Kim1, Hoogon Choi1
1Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea

The measuring time required to inspect a machined part using acoordinate measuring machine (CMM), especially for a given formor profile tolerance, should be minimized and this can be achievedby reducing the number of sample points obtained from amachined surface. In this paper, variogram and kriging models,
both well‐known, are evaluated in terms of the degrees ofprediction accuracy given in an NURBS surface and machined
surface. The Gaussian variogram model and ordinary kriging
model are utilized to predict the machined surface profiles. For
faster inspection, the number of sample data is reduced by using amodified median filtering based on both models. Finally, bothmaximum and minimum points on a machined surface aresearched in order to inspect a given tolerance range by using thegeometric similarity and a sphere. The research results presented
here will be valuable in enabling the use of a 3‐axis CMM rather
than the more expensive 5‐axis CMM.

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsF (15:30 ‐ 17:30)
Manufacturing Systems (3)Tuesday ‐ December 4, 2007
Jupiter III
Isa Nakhai Kamalabadi and Huitian Lu

A Study of Influent Factors in Surface Quality of Hard Turning
Sittichai Kaewkuekool , Vanchai Laemlaksakul , C. Rachavong
1King Mongkutʹs Institute of Technology Thonburi, Thailand
2King Mongkutʹs Institute of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand
3Rajamangala University of Technology Isaan, Thailand
1

2

3This object of this research was to study factors influencing on surface
quality of hard turning by comparing the surface quality of cutting
work. Material used in the experiment was a hardened main shaft
SCM4, which had hardness form 52 to 56 HRC. The experiment was
run by factorial design, which consisted of feed rates, depth of cut andcutting speed. The cutting tools were CBN – tipped cutting inserts andconventional machine was used. Results revealed that an influential
factor was feed rate, which was significantly influent to surface quality
at the level of 0.05. Low feed rate could cause less roughness, but higher
feed rate could cause greater roughness. The relationship between feed
rate and depth of cut was not affected to surface quality. Predictedroughness of surface by regression equation was showed therelationship between feed rates and roughness of surface on hardturning work.
The Manufacturing Strategy Formation Process Case Study of Six
Iranian Manufacturing Companies
Sepehr Ghazinoory1, Rahman Mahdiani Khotbesara2
1NRISP, Iran
2Young Researchers Club, IranThis paper describes case study research undertaken in six Iranian
manufacturing companies aimed at advancing the understanding of
the manufacturing strategy formation process. Based on this study
culture, leadership, policy and incrementalism have their own
undeniable roles in manufacturing strategy formation. It could be
useful to utilize formal business planning for firms interested indeliberative manufacturing strategy. In this study we use Barnesʹsstudies on six UK manufacturing companies.
Design of Changeable Assembly Systems – A Complexity Theory
Based Approach
Dominik T Matt1
1Polytechnic University of Torino, Italy

Since most of today’s industrial products are characterized by highcomplexity and numerous customer‐specific variants, adaptive
production system concepts are needed to meet the quickly changing
market and customer requirements. At the same time, these production
systems have to be highly competitive in terms of cost per unit. Most
research activities have been concentrated on manufacturing systemdesign so far. However, in assembly system design there is still a needfor methodological support. This paper introduces a methodology thathelps to systematically identify and reduce complexity in assembly
systems and to redesign them according to the objectives of highchangeability and efficiency.
A Competitive Framework for the South African Clothing Industry

Design of a Government‐Subsidized Collection System for
Incentive‐Dependent Returns
Ayse Gonul Tanugur1, Deniz Aksen2, Necati Aras1
1Bogazici University, Turkey
2Koc University, Turkey

We address the problem of locating collection centers for a company
that aims to collect used products (cores) in order to capture theirremaining value by recovery operations. A pick‐up strategy is in place
according to which vehicles are dispatched from collection centers to
the locations of product holders to transport their returns. Each productholder has an inherent willingness to return a core, and decides on thebasis of the quality‐dependent financial incentive offered by thecompany. Since the company seeks only economic profitability, thecollected amounts may not be aligned with the target collection ratio
imposed by the government. In this case, the government may alleviate
the under‐collection issue through a subsidy paid to the company foreach core collected. From the government’s perspective the problem is
to find the minimum subsidy level while meeting the target collection
ratio. We propose a bilevel programming formulation for this collection
system design problem. Since the problem is NP‐hard, a heuristic
method is developed to solve medium and large size instances. Thisapproach explicitly focuses on the relationship between government
authorities and profit‐oriented companies, and yields a frontier
between the concurrent objectives of collection ratio satisfaction andsubsidy minimization.
Solving Permutation Flow Shop Sequencing using Ant Colony
Optimization
Fardin Ahmadizar1, Farnaz Barzinpour1, Jamal Arkat1
1Iran University of Science & Technology, IranThis paper proposes an ant colony algorithm for permutation flow
shop scheduling problem. The objective considered is to minimize
makespan. Two priority rules are developed as heuristic information
based on Johnsonʹs Rule and total processing times. A local search isused for improving the constructed solutions. The proposed ant colonyalgorithm is tested on the benchmark problem set of Taillard. The
obtained results are compared with the previous implementations ofant colony optimization which are available in the literature.
Computational results show that the proposed algorithm performs
better than other algorithms when the number of machines is less thanten.
The Product Family Design Based on Axiomatic Design
Ping Jiang1, Xiuping Zhao1, Bojun Yang1, Lingxuan Zhao1, Runhua Tan1
1Hebei University of Technology, China

A product family comprises a set of variables, features or componentsthat remain constant from product to product which called productplatform, and other that vary from product to product. Modularizationand commonality is the basic properties of product family and it
demands that the architecture of product family should be decomposed
into modules to perform different functions independently. Axiomatic
design is introduced to aid to decomposing the function and structurewith its framework of independence axiom to minimize thedependence of functions of product. The product family architecture ofbutterfly valve is design by this method and as a case study.
Performance Analysis of Single Shuttle and Twin Shuttle AS/RS

Kem Ramdass1, Leon Pretorius1
1University of Johannesburg, South Africa

Shin‐Ming Guo1, Tsai‐Pei Liu2
1National Kaohsiung First University of Science & Technology, Taiwan
2Kao Fong College, Taiwan

The SA clothing industry has shed over 67 000 jobs in the past three
years (Terry Bell, Star 15 September 2006). There is a possibility that
more jobs may be shed in the South African clothing industry over the
next few years (Bell, 2006). The SA clothing industry is facing a greatchallenge because of the rapidly changing business environment withrespect to global competition, market performance, and advancing
technology. The study is part of doctoral thesis and has focused on thedevelopment of a framework that would assist to reaffirm andre‐establish strategies that may improve the current plight ofmanufacturers and help prevent job losses through innovative thinking(www.dti.org.za).
The methodology adopted in the research includes a review of existing
literature and documents on the industry from Clofed, Texfed, relevant
research reports from the DTI, NEPAD, newspaper articles, journal
articles such as the International Journal of Clothing Science andTechnology and Operations Management, interviews and discussions
with organizational staff and management (Blaxter, L et al. 2006).

An Automated Storage and Retrieval System (AS/RS) can be equippedwith the traditional single shuttle or the newly developed twin shuttle.
There has been a significant literature on the comparison of single
shuttle versus twin shuttle systems. Researchers agree that the twin
shuttle system has better operating performance. However, the ratio ofconstruction costs of a twin shuttle system to a single shuttle system isapproximately 1.4. Therefore, given the same environment, the capacity
or effectiveness of a twin shuttle system should outperform a single
shuttle system by at least 40% to justify its cost.
This study uses Arena 8.0 to conduct the simulation experiment. We
assume different rack shapes, time periods of storage and retrieval
operations may or may not overlap each other, the locations of input
and output stations may not be close, and there may be batch demands
for storage and retrieval operations. Simulation results suggest thattwin shuttle systems would be the better investment if the input/output
stations are in separate locations, time periods of storage/retrieval
operations do not overlap, or there are significant batch demands.

87

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsG (09:00 ‐ 10:30)
Engineering Economy and Cost Analysis
Wednesday ‐ December 5, 2007
Venus I
Sven Hvid Nielsen and Leonard Perry

A Study on a Transportation Market with Empty Equipment
Repositioning
Ying Tang1, Weihua Zhou2
1Zhejiang University of Technology, China
2Zhejiang University, China

This paper studies a stable freight transportation market with two
firms providing transportation services between two locations.
Demands for transportation service in two directions areheterogeneous in market size, price sensitivity and competition
intensity etc. Firms make decisions on transportation prices.
Realized demand in these two directions can be unbalanced. To
sustain the business, firms have to reposition empty equipmentfrom a surplus location to a shortage location. We build amathematical model to study the pricing policy and outcome ofcompetition between two firms. The pricing policy is either toachieve the balance of realized demands or treat the demand ineach direction independently. Furthermore, we corroborate how
the profit is affected by price sensitivity and unit repositioning cost.
It is surprising to find that profit may increase with pricesensitivity and unit repositioning cost in a competitive market
Extending the Undercut‐proof Equilibrium to Asymmetric
Settings

Cost‐transparent Sourcing in China Applying Total Cost of
Ownership
Philipp Bremen1, Josef Oehmen1, Robert Alard1
1ETH Zurich, Switzerland

Asia, eminently China, is gaining in importance regarding
manufacturing especially for high‐volume, low‐cost production.
The request from industry in Switzerland to comprehend all costs
related to global sourcing projects concerning China leads to theapproach of total cost of ownership (TCO). In this paper, first aliterature review regarding existing concepts with special focus on
industry incentives, benefits, barriers and methods of structuring
cost objects is conducted. Thereafter, an enhancement of the TCO
approach is presented in order to achieve a holistic and transparent
cost evaluation that takes supply chain risks into account.
Concluding, methods for quantification of cost objects are
discussed and evaluated critically.
Modelling Software Quality Costs by Adapting Established
Methodologies of Mature Industries
Lars Karg1, Arne Beckhaus1
1SAP Research, Germany

In the software sector, the calculation and modelling of quality
costs have not achieved the maturity of other industries yet. In thispaper, a model that bridges the gap between classic costaccounting and software development specific models is proposed.
This model considers defect introduction and removal, and can beapplied to different granularities. An implementation plan issuggested for its instantiation and explained exemplarily by acommonly used software quality model.

Fan‐Chen Tseng1
1Kainan University, Taiwan

The concept of Undercut‐Proof equilibrium was proposed toanalyze the differentiated product environment where a pure
Nash equilibrium does not exist. However, previous analysis madethe simple assumptions that consumers have the same switchingcosts and the firms have zero production costs. In this paper, amore realistic model is proposed that considers asymmetricswitching costs for consumers and nonzero production costs forfirms. With this extended model, firms can make more judicious
pricing decisions in the highly competitive markets ofe‐Commerce.
Ecological Industrial Engineering and Eco‐efficiency Analysis
Yin Qian1, Chunfa Li1, Zhaoguo Zhang1
1Tianjin University of Technology, China

With the increasing heavy pressure from environment and nature
resource, people have taken innovative measures to freethemselves from the present irrational economic development
pattern, and strongly promote the development of circular‐type
and ecotype economy. The main tasks of eco‐industrial
engineering are to introduce the ideas of ecotype into the design ofindustrial system based on the theories of circular economy, andachieve the harmony of economic benefit and ecological benefit. In
order to gain more effective utilization ratio of resource and lower
environment pollution, eco‐efficiency combines economy withenvironment. This paper based on researching eco‐efficiency
indicators system, pointed out eco‐industrial engineering
evaluation methods on account of the eco‐efficiency.

88

Evaluate Projects by Using Multiple Criteria Decision Making
Techniques
Soheil Mahmoodzadeh1, Mahmood Pariazar2, Mohammad Saeed Zaeri3,
Mohammad Ali Torkamani4
1Allameh Tabatabaee University, Iran
2Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran
3Member of Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Iran
4Isfahan university of Technology, IranIn the economic analysis of projects available to the firm, theobjective is to decide, from the economic data available, whether or
not a given project is acceptable to the firm. There are fourcommon methods of comparing alternative investments: netpresent value, Rate of Return, Benefit‐Cost analysis and Pay Back
Period.
In this article by utilizing improved Analytical Hierarchy Process
by Rough set theory, firstly we try to calculate weight of eachmethod. Then by implementing TOPSIS algorithm, assessment ofprojects has been done. Obtained results have been tested in anumerical example.

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsH (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Ethics, Education and Training
Wednesday ‐ December 5, 2007
Venus IHK Tang and Weihua Zhou

Integrating Kano’s Model into E‐learning Satisfaction
Ling‐Hsiu Chen1, Hsiang‐Chih Lin1
1Chaoyang University of Technology, Taiwan

This study uses Knaoʹs two‐way quality model to measuree‐learning system satisfaction and categorize their attribute.
Through the four dimensions of the 15 questionnaire to measureuser satisfaction with their classification and quality attributes. The
research results indicate that all of the 15 service quality elements
can be classified to 10 One‐dimensional, 3 Attractive and 2
Indifferent quality elements. Through Better index and Worse
index, this research also provides the best increase satisfaction
elements and the worse decrease satisfaction elements toe‐learning planners, and this result can be used as a reference for
their resources deployment.
A European Union (EU) co‐operation program: Integral,
Innovative, Industrial Product design and development, I3PD2
and Project Led Education (PLE).
Sven Hvid Nielsen1
1Aalborg University, Denmark

Aalborg Universityʹs project‐organised and problem‐oriented
studies were introduced Thirty‐three years ago. The experiencesince then has proved this to be an important innovation in higher
education. The primary aim is to teach young people, students tobecome useful members for indus‐try and society. Other primaryobjectives are to ensure high‐quality research and education and toenhance technology transfer and to stimulate industry‐university
partnerships within the EU and stimulate Inter‐University
co‐operation programmes. In this project we are focusing on theimpor‐tance of curriculum development, teachers mobility,
ex‐change of students and industrial co‐operation.
Balance Score Card and Social Responsibility in Public
Organizations
Toraj Mojibi1, M.Bahador Aryanezhad2, Mojtaba Tabari3, Soheil Khorshidi4
1Islamic Azad University, Firoozkuh Branch, Iran
2Iran University of Science & Technology, Iran
3Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch, Iran
4Department of Education, Iran

Balance Score Card (BSC) is an integrated model with new
function for evaluating the performance of organizations. Thismodel the focus on organization strategies and creating Balance forperspectives (including financial, customers, internal processes
and the growth and learning) tries to manage and evaluate
complex organizations.
In present research, from among comprehensive models of
performance evaluations, the BSC model was considered as a more
appropriate research model for the evaluation of performance inpublic organizations. After theoretical studies and discovery
interviews, social responsibility was added to BSC model as a newperspective, and intended measures in finance, citizen, andinternal processes of learning and growth were identified and theresearch hypotheses were tested and verified.
After presenting the model, the importance rate or the weight ofperspectives and measures were determined. Finally, with regard
to the results the suggested comprehensive model of this research
can be applied to the performance of public organization.

A Study on the Relation of the Manpower’ Competency and theneed of Educating & Training at the Manufacturers in Taiwan
Ming‐Ta Wu1, Yu‐Shan Cheng2, Guan‐Li Chen2
1National I‐Lan University, Taiwan
2National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan

Through analysis, about the relation between the degrees ofcompetency and education & training need is correlation. Whenthe staff’s the degree of competency is higher, the degree of
education & training need also rise relatively. Probing this resultand find, facing the times of globalization, the enterprises face thepredicament shortened by a wide margin in products life cycle,
and the staff also face the challenge that the technical ability ofknowledge upgrade fast. In manufacture, when the staffs work
their jobs and the contents of case task, “Research andDevelopment Competency”, “Marketing Competency” and“Product Technology Competency” are important competencies
for the job. Therefore the staffs have had the certain degree ofknowledge and technology, they also hope that they can provetheir competencies and meet the need of their own achievement byeducation & training.
Managing Opportunities in the Global Knowledge Society: A
Dynamich Approach for Creating Values in Pmto Development,
Design and Manufacturing
Sven Hvid Nielsen1
1Aalborg University, Denmark

It is commonplace these days to say that knowledge is the mostcritical asset to be managed. Yet not many people ‐ particularly notpractitioners ‐ invest very much time in learning about whatknowledge really is and how different knowledge management(KM) is from information management (IM). Experiences from the
Aalborg University experiment will be used as a case example with
its unique use of problem‐based education methods in connection
with project and group‐organised studies – to stimulate theprofessional
learning
processbyabalancingofteaching/experience,
theory/practice,disciplinarily/interdisciplinary and by strengthening the link
between research, education and practice. Innovation as suggested
iscreationofanewproduct‐market‐technology‐organisation‐combination(PMTO‐combination) consisting of three key elements: 1)
Innovation is a process and should be managed as such, 2) the
result is at least one new element in the PMTO‐combinations. 3)
The extent to which the innovation is new may range fromincremental, small step innovation, through synthetic innovation,i.e. the creative recombination of existing techniques, ideas or
methods, to discontinuous, radical, quantum‐leap innovation.
Often new means: new, somewhere on the continuum, to graduate,
University, industry…Society.
Study on Effects, Limits and Current Situation of E‐Learning
System ‐ an Example on Small‐median Enterprises
Chung‐Hsuing Fang1, Guan‐Li Chen1, Yueh‐Ming Chiang2
1National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan
2Roche Products Ltd., Taiwan

With the advancement of information technology, the knowledge
teaching of traditional educational training no longer catches up
with the changes of economic environment. E‐learning has
become the weapon for enterprises to create competitive
advantages in human resources.
With advantages ofcon‐venience, great flexibility and timing, enterprises can create
unique competitive advantages.
While en‐terprises are
introducing e‐learning, they need to understand the internal needs
and resources limits. After having overall understanding andevaluation, they select appropriate e‐learning system to maximize
the learning effects of the system. With methods including
secondary data collection, arrangement & analysis and interviews
with specialists, the researcher explores issues on e‐learning forsmall‐median en‐terprises, including 1) understanding the reasonsand effects of implementing e‐learning, 2) exploring theconsiderations and limits of introducing e‐learning, 3) having
interviews with specialist, scholars and own‐ers of small‐medianenterprises on the limits, difficulties and future development and 4)
offering practical suggestions and significant reference for those
who are planning to or have introduced e‐learning.

89Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsG (09:00 ‐ 10:30)
Human Factors (3)Wednesday ‐ December 5, 2007
Venus II
Arun Garg and Qin Gao

Incorporating User Acceptance into Usability Evaluation Scheme
for the User Interface of Mobile Services
Sangwoo Bahn1, Cheol Lee1, Jang Hyeon Jo2, Won Yong Suh1, Joobong Song1,
Myung Hwan Yun1
1Seoul National University, South Korea
2Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd, South Korea

As the usability of mobile services has become a critical factor of
success in marketplace, needs for established usability evaluation
methodologies and realistic practices that ensure capturing
usability in evaluation are increasing. From a viewpoint ofuser‐centered design perspective, customer perceived value has
recently gained much at‐tention from usability experts and UIpractitioners due to its important role in predicting purchasebehavior and achiev‐ing sustainable competitive advantage. User
perceived values on the newly introduced mobile services arediverse and they are changing rapidly. However, there is few
appropriate evaluation methods to assess the usability of mobile
services considering the customer perceived values. The purposeof this study is to propose an evaluation scheme incorporatinguser’s subjective feelings on the usability of mobile services. Basedon the customer perceived values on mobile services from FGI,
appropriate usability principles related to UI de‐sign components,
customer perceived values from the litera‐ture were synthesized
for the development of evaluation in‐dexes in the proposed
evaluation scheme. Comparing with traditional evaluation
methods, it is expected that the pro‐posed approach might enable
UI practitioners to capture what users really want as well as tosecure the usability of mobile services quickly and easily in field.
The Strain Index to Analyze Jobs for Risk of Distal Upper
Extremity Disorders: Model Validation
Arun Garg1, J. Steven Moore2, Jay Kapellusch1
1University of Wisconsin ‐ Milwaukee, United States
2Texas A&M University, United States

In 1995, Moore and Garg developed a method to analyze jobs todetermine risk of distal upper extremity disorders‐The Strain
Index. Since then the Strain Index has been used worldwide. This
paper describes the Strain Index briefly, summarizes model
validation studies, and likely future revisions to the model.
Fatigue Driving Detecting Model based on Momentum Indicesand Neural‐Fuzzy Approach
Cheng‐Li Liu1, Shiaw‐Tsyr Uang2
1Vanung University, Taiwan
2Ming‐Hsin University of Science & Technology, Taiwan

Driver fatigue is recognized as an important factor in roadaccidents in worldwide. The fatigue‐tracking technologies toprevent fatigue‐related accidents have been widely discussed in
the last decade. There is some evidence to suggest that subjective
measures of fatigue do indeed correlate with performancedecrements associated with fatigue. However, it is difficult tomeasure on‐line. The study investigated the effect of tendency
indices for actual driving performance measuring. A fatigue
driving detecting model was proposed based on neural‐fuzzy
approach integrating driving performance measuring variables
and tendency indices. This study has been performed using
experimental data coming from 50 drivers. Results show that themodel could achieve the same effect as subjective ratings.

90

The Effects of Different Breath Alcohol Concentration and Post
Alcohol Upon Driverʹs Driving Performance
Yung Ching Liu1, Chin Heng Ho1
1National Yunlin University of Science & Technology, Taiwan

A simulator study was conducted to investigate the effects of (1)different breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) consumption (0 mg/l
vs. 0.25 mg/1 vs. 0.40mg/1 vs. 0.50mg/1) and (2) after drinking
alcohol with ~BrAC=0mg/l upon driver driving behavior andsubsidiary task performance. Two load road environments weredeveloped, low vs. high, and each required approximately 20
minutes of driving. In addition to driving safely, participants
were instructed to perform the CFF value and write NASA‐TLX
questionnaire. Eight participants (6 males; 2 females) with normal
driver’s license participated in this 2 x 4 within‐subject experiment.
Results showed that (1) the mental workloads after the drunk
driving section is the largest, (2) the longer the drivers were on theroad, the wearier the drivers felt, (3) high BrAC level (.5 mg/l)
caused bad driving performance, and (4) complex road situations
also increased the risk to driving safety. However, no significant
difference between drunk driving and post‐alcohol driving was
found and that indicated that not only drunk driving affects traffic
safety, post‐alcohol impairment also affects traffic safety seriously.
A Method for Human Driven Knowledge Acquisition (CaseStudy in a Petrochemical Company)
Navid Nezafti1, Ameneh Khadivar2, Ehsan Afarideh1, Seyed Mohammad
Javad Jalali3
1Amir Kabir PolyTechnique University, Iran
2Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
3Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Young Researches Club,Iran

In this paper, techniques of human driven knowledge acquisition
are briefly discussed and compared, then a case study of
implementing knowledge acquisition (KA) in an Iranianpetrochemical company is explained. In this project weʹve used a
combination of KA techniques including semi structured interview,
revised teach‐back, commentary, laddering, repertory gridtechniques in order to elicit both tacit and explicit knowledge ofexperts. This method is applicable in different kinds of industries
with different branches in design engineering.
A study of supporting programs for small and medium
enterprises: a first stage going to ʺLeanʺRomain Real1, M. Pralus1, M. Pillet1, L Guizzi2
1Université de Savoie, France
2Thésame, Annecy, France

Nowadays, firms should adopt new production management
systems to be competitive. Toyota Production System (TPS) and
Lean Production are attractive systems. They promise good results
to firms applying their concepts (mainly based on wasteelimination and continuous improvement). Although Lean and
TPS seem to be easy to apply, the field study we present in thispaper reveals that they are not easy to maintain. In this paper, we
present the main results of our survey and propose primarysolutions. We interviewed nine consultants that supported morethan sixty firms in Haute Savoie (France). The major conclusions of
this survey can be split in indisputable benefits ‐ such as a new
method of work, the implication of the manager as a preliminary
condition to the Lean and the successful implementation of thetools of Lean – and persistent failings like an unsuited. That’s why
we propose research tracks focused on standardization andcontributing management.

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsH (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Facilities Planning and Management
Wednesday ‐ December 5, 2007
Venus II
Ponnambalam Sivalinga G and Prafulla
Kulkarni

Solving a New Mathematical Model of a Closed‐Loop Layout
Problem with Unequal‐Sized Facilities by a Genetic Algorithm
Reza Tavakkoli‐Moghaddam1, Hadi Panahi1
1University of Tehran, IranThis paper presents a novel mathematical model of a closed‐loop
layout problem with unequal‐sized facilities. This type of problem
belongs to a class of combinatorial optimization, and NP‐hardproblems due to its complexity and high volume of computation.
Obtaining an optimal solution for this complex, large‐sized
problem in reasonable computational time by using traditional
approaches and optimization tools is extremely difficult. Thus, ameta‐heuristic algorithm based on a genetic algorithm (GA) is
proposed to solve the closed‐loop layout problem. This proposed
GA reports near‐optimal and promising solutions in short periodof time because of its efficiency. In this paper, a local search, basedon 2‐Opt algorithm, is also employed to improve the solutions
obtained by the proposed GA. Finally, the computational results
obtained by this algorithm are analyzed and compared with theresults reported by the Lingo 8.0 software package.
Urban Road Interchange type Selection Based on Multiple
Attributes Decision Making
Kejun Long1, Xiaoguang Yang2, Jianlong Zheng1
1Changsha University of Science & Technology, China
2Tongji University, China

The issue of urban interchange type selection was discussed byusing Multiple Attributes Decision Making (MADM). A theoreticalmodel was proposed for interchange type selection based on
MADM. Method and procedure of comparative alternative(corresponding to Pareto solution of MADM) generation was
detailed based on capacity analysis and alternative improving.
Considering deciders and engineers’ partial favoritism information
about evaluating indexes, a Q‐operator T was introduced, thevertical matrix E was obtained based on graphic theory. In addition,
the weighted utility matrix of every alternative was acquired foralternative ranking. Finally, the model was applied to one realinterchange reconstruction work in Shanghai China. The results
indicate that MADM can solve the problem of urban interchange
type selection reasonably.
Applying a Revised VAM to a Multi‐level Capacitated Facility
Location Problem
Ying‐Yen Chen1, Hsiao‐Fan Wang1
1National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan

In this paper we developed a cost‐varied Vogel‐based
approximation
method,namelythe
Dynamic
Vogel
Approximation Method (DVAM), to solve a multi‐level capacitatedfacility location problem (MCFLP), of which each client will beserved by all levels of facilities with limited capacities. We discuss
two kinds of MCFLP which are derived from two kinds of demand
structures. The proposed algorithm is comparatively more efficientand accurate.

Audit Strategy for Improved Performability of Facilities
Management
Tony Halim1, Loon Ching Tang1
1National University of Singapore, Singapore

Facilities Management (FM) has evolved as a profession andacademic interest over recent years. FM covers a wide spectrum offunctions with the maintenance and operations task consuming thebulk of FM budget. A brief overview of FM is provided to highlightits increasing importance. This paper describes a systematic
approach of conducting facilities audit; SPRINT. This approachenables management to determine services that are in need ofattention and improvement. We identify the similarities of SPRINT
to a typical Six‐Sigma roadmap and provide a plausible integrationof SPRINT with other established methodology synergistically into
an analogous Six‐Sigma roadmap for a holistic approach to ensure
improved facilities maintenance management.
Inventory‐Location Models for Remote and Direct Retailingwith Time‐Sensitive Demand
Oded Berman1, Dmitry Krass1, Mozart Menezes2
1University of Toronto, Canada
2HEC, France

We investigate Inventory‐Location Problems where customer
demand is time‐sensitive, i.e., demand decays with the delivery
time. The problem is to find optimal number and locations for thefacilities and how much inventory should be held at each facility sothat the overall revenue is maximized. In the “customer choice”
version of the model customers select the closest facility; in the“direct assignment” version, customers can be assigned to any
facility. These two versions have parallels in traditional andinternet‐based retailing, respectively. A number of structuralproperties for the two models are established and efficient solution
approaches are suggested. Computational results show that theability to assign customers to facilities does not confer significant
advantages to internet retailers.
A Conceptual Model for Knowledge Flow in Supply Chain
Ameneh Khadivar1, Ali Rajabzadeh1, Mehdi Khani2, Seyed Mohammad
Javad Jalali3
1Tarbiat Modares University, Iran2University of Mazandaran, Iran
3Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Young Researches Club,Iran

In this paper we consider the knowledge flow in supply chain
instead of material, money and information flows. The purpose of
the paper is to suggest a conceptual model about knowledge flow
in supply chain .we shows in this paper how KM activities create
value in supply chain. In our perspective supply chains arecompeting to capture knowledge from environment and use it togain competitiveness. Different partners in supply chain
collaborate in knowledge creation, share and use.and competewith others in the rate of externalization of the knowledge in theirorganization.

91

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsG (09:00 ‐ 10:30)
Maintenance Modeling and Engineering (1)Wednesday ‐ December 5, 2007
Jupiter I
Li Bai and Mingchih Chen

Development of Integrated Model for Assessment of
Operational Risks in Rail Track
Gopinath Chattopadhyay1, Venkatarami Reddy2
1Central Queensland University, Australia
2GHD Pty Ltd, Australia

Rail operating risks have been increasing due to increasing numberof axle passes, steeper curves, wear‐out of rails and wheels andinadequate rail‐wheel grinding, poor lubrication and reduced
maintenance. In 2000, the Hatfield accident in UK killed 4 people
and injured 34 people and has lead to the cost of ₤ 733 million(AUD$ 1.73 billion) for repairs and compensations. In 1977, theGranville train disaster in Australia killed 83 people and injured
213 people. These are related to rolling contact fatigue, wear andpoor maintenance. This paper focuses on development of aconceptual integrated model for rail grinding, lubrication andinspection maintenance decisions. Risk based cost benefit model isdeveloped for optimal inspection intervals
Definition and Evaluation of Degree of Maintenance forMulti‐unit Systems
Renyan Jiang1, Guanhua Qin1
1Changsha University of Science & Technology, China

Degree of maintenance quantifies effort and effect of a general
repair. It has been differently defined in the literature. For a given
maintenance action, different definitions give different values. This
paper gives a general definition of degree of maintenance,
provides an evaluation method, and illustrates its appropriateness.
The reasonability of the geometric process model is also examined
for a specific system and a given maintenance policy.
A Combined Multivariate Technique and Multi Criteria
Decision Making to Maintenance Strategy Selection
Mohammad Saeed Zaeri1, Jamal Shahrabi2, Mahmood Pariazar2, Arash
Morabbi3
1Member of Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Iran
2Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran
3Islamic Azad University, Iran

Maintenance plays a key role in reliability, availability, products
quality, risk reduction, increasing efficiency, Equipment safety.
Miscellaneous strategies have been put forward for maintenanceamongst which the most important ones are corrective, preventive,
Opportunistic, Condition‐based and predictive maintenance thatconsidering each one’s relevant industry each of them has
advantages and disadvantages. In this article a methodology is
proposed to select optimum maintenance strategy. in thismethodology, we try to recognize effective variables (such asenvironmental problems, budget constraint, manpower utilization)
By reviewing expert’s notions and relevant specialized literature.
Thereafter, by utilizing factor analysis, we will process the data so
as to designate fundamental variables and summarize them insome factors. Then, we will apply the results obtained from factors
analysis for designation of criteria in a hierarchy structure. Then byutilizing analytical hierarchy process, we will choose the best
strategy; above mentioned stages have been used in a case study.

92

Optimal Spare Ordering Policy For Preventive Replacement
With Age‐Dependent Minimal Repair Under Cost EffectivenessCriterion
Jih‐An Chen1, Yu‐Hung Chien2
1Kao‐Yuan University, Taiwan
2National Taichung Institute of Technology, Taiwan

This paper develops a preventive replacement policy of spareordering with age‐dependent minimal repair and general random
repair costs under cost effectiveness criterion. The spare unit for
replacement is available only by order and the lead time fordelivery the spare due to regular or expedited ordering follows
general distributions. Introducing costs due to ordering, repairs,
downtime and replacements, as well as the salvage value of system,
we derive the expected cost effectiveness per unit time in the longrun as a criterion of optimality. There exists a finite and uniqueoptimum policy of ordering time which maximizes the expected
cost effectiveness.
Effects of Preventive Maintenance on the Reliability of
Production Lines
Lin Ma1, Yong Sun1, Joseph Mathew1
1Queensland University of Technology, Australia

In determining failure characteristics in typical manufacturing
production lines, workcells and components can have different
failure patterns and distributions at the same time. The Preventive
Maintenance (PM) of a production line is normally conducted onparts of machines or components in the system. Often, this type of
PM does not restore the entire production line back to ʺas
good‐as‐newʺ condition ‐ the entire production line is generallyʹimperfectlyʹ repaired. A production line can be subject to multiple
such PM actions over its operational life span.
In determining an optimal PM strategy, an accurate estimation of
the effects of these PM actions on the reliability of production lines
is essential. This paper addresses this issue at a component level
using the Split System Approach (SSA). The repaired components
are assumed to be connected logically with the rest of a system inseries.
Most existing models consider the entire system and are based on
the premise that the effect of PM is dependent on thecharacteristics of the failures of a system. This research revealed
that the effect of PM depends on the characteristics of the failuresof repaired components rather than the entire system.
Optimal Age‐Replacement Model with Minimal Repair Basedon Cumulative Repair Cost Limit and Random Lead TimeYu‐Hung Chien1, Jih‐An Chen2
1National Taichung Institute of Technology, Taiwan
2Kao‐Yuan University, Taiwan

In this study, we consider an age‐replacement model with minimal
repair based on a cumulative repair cost limit and random leadtime for replacement delivery. A cumulative repair cost limit policy
uses information about a systemʹs entire repair cost history to
decide whether the system is repaired or replaced; a random leadtime models delay in delivery of a replacement once it is ordered.
A general cost model is developed for the average cost per unit
time based on the stochastic behavior of the assumed system,
reflecting the costs of both storing a spare and of system downtime.
The minimum‐cost policy time is derived, its existence anduniqueness is shown, and structural properties are presented.

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsH (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Maintenance Modeling and Engineering (2)Wednesday ‐ December 5, 2007
Jupiter I
Yu‐Hung Chien and Renyan Jiang

Sensitivity Analysis for the Optimal Minimal
Repair/Replacement Policies under the Framework of Markov
Decision Process
Mingchih Chen1, Chun‐Yuan Cheng1
1Chaoyang University of Technology, Taiwan

For the maintenance and replacement of system subject tostochastic deterioration, flexibility is an important consideration
factor. Different possible maintenance policies are discussed in thispaper where the failure distribution modeled by the Weibull
distribution. The total discounted cost concept is very important indecision making for the complex system such as expensive capital
equipment with operating life cycle lasting for years. A modified
maintenance model is proposed with incorporating the costs ofoperating cost, the maintenance cost of minimal repairs, failure
replacements and preventive replacements. We investigate
different maintenance policies in the literature by modeling thedeteriorating process of a system as a Markov decision process.
Under the discounted cost criterion, the optimal parameters for thecontrol limit policy are obtained. The sensitivity analysis of thesecontrol limits is performed for the flexibility of decision making.
The optimal equations of the Markov decision process are solved
by using the backward recursive scheme over a set of finite
planning horizons to approximate the optimal policies for theinfinite planning horizons.
Testing Strategies for Parallel‐Series Standby Systems
Min Wang1
1Chaoyang University of Technology, Taiwan

Surveillance test schedule have been studies to increase standby
system unavailability and keep plant safety. In earlier research,
testing strategies, such as simultaneous or uniformly staggered
testing, have been studied for simpler standby system and the
optimal test interval can then be obtained. For more complex
systems, testing schedules were obtained by computer software or
simulation with pre‐specified testing strategies. In this study, threecandidate testing strategies for parallel‐series systems weredeveloped based on the results of simpler systems. The
performances of three candidate strategies are also been compared
under both risk (considering only system unavailability) anddecision (considering both system unavailability and maintenancecost) points of view.
The Optimal Periodic Preventive Maintenance Policy with
Degradation Rate Reduction under Reliability Limit
Chun‐Yuan Cheng1, Mingchih Chen1, Renkuan Guo2
1Chaoyang University of Technology, Taiwan
2University of Cape Town, South Africa

Preventive maintenance (PM) can slow the deterioration process ofa repairable system and restore the system to a younger age orstate. Many researchers focus on studying PM models for thecases of age or failure rate reduction and developing optimal PM
policies. However, the PM actions, such as cleaning, adjustment,alignment, and lubrication work, may not always reduce system’s
age or failure rate. Instead, it may only reduce the degradation
rate of the system to a certain level. Furthermore, most of theexisting optimal PM policies result in very low reliability at thetime of preventive replacement (PR). In practice, however, highreliability is usually required for a system to avoid failures being
occurred. This paper is to develop an optimal periodic PM policy
over an infinite time span by minimizing the expected cost ratewith the consideration of reliability limit (Rmin) for

Weibull‐failure‐time systems with degradation rate reduction after
each PM. The proposed optimal periodic PM policy consists of
two PM models. One model has fully periodic PM time‐interval
for every preventive replacement cycle; the other model has
partially periodic PM time‐interval where the time interval
between the final PM and the PR is not a constant. For specified
reliability limit, the proper model is chosen by using the algorithm
provided in this paper. Examples are demonstrated and thesensitivity analysis is also presented for the proposed PM models.
Entoropy Model with Application to Maintenance Policy
Toshio Nakagawa1, Syouji Nakamura2
1Aichi Institute of Technology, Japan
2Kinjo Gakuin University, Japan

It has been well‐known from old times that the entropy model
originated from information theory can be applied well to many
fields of Operations Research and Marketing Science. This paper
attempts for the first time to apply the entropy model tomaintenance policies for reliability models. Replacing selection
rate and purchase price in the entropy model with failure
probability and planned replacement cost, respectively, thereplacement time of an age replacement policy is obtained. This
time is compared numerically with the optimal time of an age
replacement when the failure time has a Weibull distribution.
Nonlinear Programming Solution for Optimum PM Schedule of
Auxiliary Components
Salman Al‐Mishari1, Saad M. A. Suliman2
1Saudi Aramco, Saudi Arabia
2University of Bahrain, Bahrain

Auxiliary components in some systems exist only to serve someother primary components.
Preventive Maintenance (PM)activities are, therefore, done to these auxiliary components for thesake of extending the life of the primary component. Frequent
PM care to auxiliary components increase the cost of PM while
infrequent PM leads to increasing downtime of the primary
component and, subsequently, production losses. The search forthe optimal level of PM care requires a non‐linear programming(NLP) solution that can, sometimes, be very complex. This paper
suggests that a very useful pattern exists in the NLP model of thisoptimization problem which can significantly reduce thecomplexity of model formulation and the arrival to the NLP
solution.
Survivability Analysis of Reconfigurable Systems
Li Bai1, Saroj Biswas1, Albert Ortiz2, Frank Ferrese2, Don Dalessandro2, Qing
Dong2
1Temple University, United States
2Department of the Navy, United States

This paper presents a new probabilistic approach to analyze thesurvivability of a system. We show similarities and differences
between survivability and reliability analysis. In a reliability model,
we can describe a k‐out‐of‐n:G system (k <= n), in which thecomponent system is good only if any k or more components work.
The system can also be configured into an initial k‐out‐of‐n:Gmodel with m backup components (0 <=m <= n). If the systemcannot perform its intended function, the m backup components
will be reconfigured with the remaining working components into
a new form to sustain system function. We refer to such studies tocalculate the system successful probabilities as the survivability
analysis. In this paper, we focus on the survivability analysis of asimple piping system. This study could potentially be used toanalyze the survivability of power network systems, computer
network systems, military reconfigurable information systems,
and other large reconfigurable network systems.

93Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsG (09:00 ‐ 10:30)
Information Engineering (1)Wednesday ‐ December 5, 2007
Jupiter II
Masahiro Aruga and Hsien‐Jung Wu

A Framework for Measuring Value in Business Interoperability
Antonio Grilo1, Ricardo Jardim‐Goncalves2, Virgilio Cruz‐Machado1
1UNIDEMI, FCT‐UNL, Portugal
2UNINOVA, FCT‐UNL, Portugal

To achieve Business Interoperability (BI), a comprehensive
understanding of the business factors in‐fluencing its deployment
is required, along with a frame‐work that can contribute to themeasurement of the inter‐operability value of the enterprises
involved in production networks. In this paper we have adaptedand extended the Balanced Scorecard concept for assessing thevalue of business interoperability, which seems to be appropriate
for this propose.
Multidimensional Data Mining of Association Patterns invarious Granularities for Healthcare Service Portfolio
Management
Johannes K. Chiang1
1MIS, National Chengchi University, Taiwan

Data Mining is one of the most significant tools for discovering
association patterns that are useful for health services, Customer
Relationship Management (CRM) etc. Yet, there are somedrawbacks in existing mining techniques. Since most of them
perform the flat mining based on pre‐defined schemata throughthe data warehouse as a whole, a re‐scan must be done whenever
new attributes are added. Secondly, an association rule may be true
on a certain granularity but fail on a smaller one and vise verse.
And, they are used to find either frequent or infrequent rules.
With regard to healthcare service management, this research aims
at providing a novel data schema and an algorithm to solve theaforementioned problems. A forest of concept taxonomies isapplied for representing healthcare knowledge space. Then, themining process is formulated as a combination of finding thelarge‐itemsets, generating, updating and output the association
patterns that represent portfolios of healthcare services. Crucial
mechanisms in each step will be clarified in this paper. At last, thispaper presents experimental results regarding efficiency, scalability,
information loss, etc. of the proposed approach to prove its
advantages.
The Conceptual Model of Virtual Enterprise Business Strategy
in Hyper‐Competition Environment
Sayed Sajjad Moravveji1, Ali Abdollahi2, Neda Eghbali3
1Payam Nour Univercity, Iran
2Iran Telecom Research Center(ITRC)/Shahid Beheshti University, Iran
3Shahed University, Iran

The main scope of this paper is to present a conceptual businessstrategy model that enables virtual enterprises to enter into thehyper‐competition environment. Based on conceptual businessstrategy model that we propose, a virtual enterprise can create acontinues series of temporary advantages in any or all of the fourarenas of competition. This paper describes key research issues in
effect of hypercompetition in virtual enterprise, based on businessstrategy model dimensions. the conceptual business strategy
model represents a systematic framework for describing andanalyzing the dimensions of strategic maneuvering in
hypercompetitive environments. Furthermore, the conceptual
business strategy model suggests that the applicability and valueof the organizational dimensions varies with the level ofcompetition.

94

Incremental Mining and Re‐mining of Frequent Patterns
without Storage of Intermediate Patterns
Fan‐Chen Tseng1
1Kainan University, Taiwan

Data mining has been pervasively used for extracting businessintelligence to support business decisionmaking processes. One of
the most fundamental and important tasks of data mining is themining of frequent patterns. When the transaction database isdynamic with data being updated constantly, incremental
techniques must be used. Most techniques, though, adopt theʺeager miningʺ approach that maintains a huge amount ofintermediate patterns or data structures, which incurs expensive
computational costs and consumes a lot of memory. Here analternative ʺlazy miningʺ approach, called FP‐impromptu, is
proposed for incremental mining and re‐mining of frequent
patterns without storing intermediate patterns or massive data
structures. Other possible applications and related issues of thisapproach are also discussed.
Spatial Credibilistic Clustering Algorithm in Noise Image
Segmentation
Peihan Wen1, Li Zheng1, Jian Zhou1
1Tsinghua University, China

An image segmentation algorithm based on credibilistic clustering
algorithm incorporating spatial continuity is presented in thispaper. The probabilistic constraint that the memberships of a pixel
across clusters must sum to 1 in fuzzy c‐means algorithm isremoved, and credibility measure is introduced into image
segmentation for the first time. By introducing a novel
dissimilarity index in the credibilistic clustering algorithm
objective function, the proposed algorithm is not only capable ofutilizing local contextual information to impose local spatial
continuity, but also allows the suppression of noise and helps toresolve classification ambiguity. Some important issues of the
proposed algorithm are investigated, and the computational
experiments are given to show the good performance of the
proposed algorithm.
An Effective Particle Swarm Optimization Method for Data
Clustering
I‐Wei Kao1, Chi‐Yang Tsai1, Yi‐Chen Wang1
1Yuan Ze University, Taiwan

Data clustering analysis is generally applied to image processing,customer relationship management and product family
construction. This paper applied Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) algorithm on data clustering problems. Two reflex schemes
are implemented on PSO algorithm to improve the efficiency. The
proposed methods were tested on seven datasets, and theirperformance is compared with those of PSO, K‐means and twoother clustering methods. Results show that our schemes are bothrobust and suitable for solving data clustering problems.

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsH (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Information Engineering (2)Wednesday ‐ December 5, 2007
Jupiter II
Antonio Grilo and Johannes K. Chiang

An Augmented RBAC Structure for Collaborative Software
Development
Hsien‐Jung Wu1, C. H. Sun1, Bo‐Da Lin1
1Asia University, Taiwan

The enterprise nowadays applies collaborative productdevelopment to reduce the product cost and improve new productdevelopment efficiency. The same situation is shown in developinga software project where even customers are invited to involve inthe process of product development. In terms of data management,
the system development in such collaborative environment isincreasingly concerned with the problem of access control between
users and operations. The problem becomes more complex due tovarious characteristics of different users and corresponding
operations. This paper proposes an augmented role‐based access
control (RBAC) structure for the software project development
dealing with software projects. The structure defines dimensions ofworkload, time and behavior based on basic RBAC concept. Access
control issues that arise in a case of interface development ofservice software for the elderly are discussed. As a conclusion,
recommendations are made for further research on access control
of collaborative software development.
Design Process Reuse Based on Genetic Engineering
Shurong Tong , Bo Li , Keqin Wang
1Northwestern Polytechnical University, China
11

1

Product design process has essential traits and behavior bearing ananalogy with the genetic traits of organisms. Based on this point ofview, this paper introduces an idea that genetic engineering into
design process reuse. Firstly, types of process knowledge required
in process reuse are studied. The extraction and representation ofprocess bases are also discussed. Secondly, the design process genemodel supporting process reuse are constructed according therelationship between process bases and the ordered sequence ofprocess base pairs and the relationship between process genome
and design objectives. Thirdly, the design process reuse model ispresented based on the mechanism of heredity and mutation oforganism, which includes inheriting original process and adding
new process gene. By using process gene model into design
process reuse, the efficiency and quality of product design will be
improved.
A Consideration of Information Content on the Basis of
Semiotics Taking Account of Virtual Reality
Masahiro Aruga1, Akira Egawa2, Takashi Takeda1, Hiroshi Egawa1, Shuichiro
Ono1
1Tokai University, Japan
2Nihon University, Japan

Today on the field of information theory it is well known that the
information content introduced by Shannon to be able toquantitatively describe the information is popular and based on
the probability theory. But this theory express the quantitative
object without considering the quality of information itself andcannot sufficiently express the information content to beconsidered of information essence from the semiotic view point.
Especially the semiotic considering virtual reality on the Peirce’s
semiotics shows the un‐sufficiency of reflection of information
essence by such an information content as Shannon’s information
content. In this paper, firstly, the meaning of virtual reality and
the Peirce’s semiotic are reconsidered, secondarily, the discussionof cognitive processes as an evolution of semiotic is performed,
and finally, the possibility of existence of various kinds ofinformation content is proposed by consideration of semiotic
structure of information essence.

Key Techniques about the Process Integration for Product
DesignBo Zhao1, Yan Yan1, Ruxin Ning1, Xu Zhang1, Lichen Hu2, Jianjun Lin2
1Beijing Institute of Technology, China
2China North Vehicle Research Institute, China

The prevailing techniques or methods based on various
engineering tools have been achieved many wonderful results. But
in distributed environment, how these engineering tools
effectively communicate and cooperate with each other inevitably
becomes a very important factor in product development. So it isnecessary to research the key techniques of process integration andapplication integration. Based on the analysis of the productdevelopment process, we divide the process into three levels
according to different grains from macroscopy to microcosm. The
three levels which can be called project management, workflow
management and the design process level are analyzed in detail. In
this paper, our research focuses on the fine‐grained design process.
We established a four‐tier architecture which consists ofrepresentation layer, process control layer, services layer andrepository layer for process integration. We use web services torealize the dynamic data integration between applications. Process
Model (PM) is presented to describe elements in process. Data
Context Model which represents various data in process andBehavior Model which controls the transformations of productdata are explained in detail. The key techniques are developed as aprototype to prove the concept.
Research on Integration Platform Based on PDM for Networked
Manufacturing
Xiaojun Meng1, Ruxin Ning1, Xu Zhang1, Yu Song1
1Beijing Institute of Technology, China

To integrate and harmonize the disparate systems andheterogeneous data, an integration platform based on product data
management (PDM) system is built. The logic framework about“user‐process‐application‐data” of integration platform ispresented to decrease the direct interaction between applications
as less as possible. Information integration and application
integration are achieved based on process‐driven. The businessprocess is defined and monitored by workflow engine provided by
PDM system. Through developing the PDM system using the API
and integration tool provided by PDM system, the data can beaccessed each other between PDM system and other application
system. The application is invoked by process according to thebusiness logic. Finally, proceed from the characteristics of the
networked manufacturing, the integration platform based on PDM
system with the applicability of collaborative engineering andsystem engineering is built and the prototype system isestablished.
An Object‐Based, Attribute‐Oriented Approach for Software
Change Impact Analysis
Chung‐Yang Chen1, Cheung‐Wo She2, Jia‐Da Tang3
1National Central University, Taiwan
2CyberLink Corp, Taiwan
3Chang Gung University, Taiwan

Change impact analysis is a critical issue in software project
management.
This
paper
presents
anobject‐based,
attribute‐oriented approach for software change impact analysis.
Such an approach handles changes in heterogeneous productitems and yields a holistic impact result for the purpose of total
quality management. A computerized prototype is implemented todemonstrate the theoretical work and the use of the proposed
method.

95

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsG (09:00 ‐ 10:30)
Intelligent Manufacturing
Wednesday ‐ December 5, 2007
Jupiter III
Tung‐Hsu (Tony) Hou and Yiping Lu

A Fuzzy Data‐Driven and Rule‐Based Reasoning System for
Setting the Nano‐Particle Milling Process Parameters
Tung‐Hsu Hou1, Chi‐Hung Su2
1National Yunlin University of Science & Technology, Taiwan
2Chihlee Institute of Technology, Taiwan

In this research, an integration of adaptive resonance theory(ART‐2) neural networks, fuzzy set theory, variable precisionrough set (VPRS), decision tree C5.0 algorithm and fuzzyrule‐based control is proposed to develop a fuzzy rule‐based
reasoning system to set a nano‐particle milling process. The
characteristics of the proposed system are to use data‐driven to do
fuzzification and rule extraction instead of directly using domain
experts. In addition, the regulation scheme of the parameter setting
system is based on adjusting the process parameters by using its
current deviation from the optimal parameters. The verified results
show that the proposed process parameter setting system indeed
can be applied to guide engineers to set the process parameterswhen a nano‐particle milling process is shifted. It can be applied toadjust the milling process from current shift condition back tonear‐optimal condition.
Recognition of Semiconductor Defect Patterns Using Spectral
Clustering
Chih‐Hsuan Wang1
1Ming Chuan University, Taiwan

Diverse defect patterns shown on the wafer map usually contain
important information for quality engineers to find their root
causes of abnormalities. Today, even with highly automated andprecisely monitored facilities used in a near dust‐free clean roomand operated with well‐trained process engineers, the occurrenceof spatial defects still cannot be avoided. This research presents aspatial defect diagnosis system and attempts to solve twochallenging problems for semiconductor manufacturing: (1) To
estimate the number of clusters in advance, and (2) To separate
both convex and non‐convex defect clusters at the same time. In
this paper, a spatial filter is used to denoise the noisy wafer map
and to extract meaningful defect clusters. To isolate various typesof defect patterns, a hybrid scheme combining entropy fuzzy cmeans (EFCM) with spectral clustering is applied to the denoised
output. The proposed approach is validated with an empirical
wafer bin maps obtained in a DRAM company in Taiwan.
Experimental results show that four kinds of mixed‐type defectpatterns are successfully extracted and classified.
Modeling the Valuation Process of Silicon Intellectual Property
in the Semiconductor Industry
Chia‐Liang Hung1, Yea‐Huey Su2, Alfred Li‐Pin Cheng3
1National Chi Nan University, Taiwan
2National Central University, Taiwan
3National Chiao‐Tung University, Taiwan

The complexity of IC (Integrated Circuit) design increases assemiconductor fabrication miniaturizes. Assembly of the reusable
basic components of the IC design process has become valuable inaccelerating development and marketing of new IC applications.
As a result, the idea of SIP (Silicon Intellectual Property) has
emerged to meet this demand. The purpose of this paper is todevelop a SIP valuation model. However, assessing such intangible
assets cost high and have a time‐consuming negotiation process tosafeguard performance. After intensive interviews with SIP
providers, we model a SIP valuation process, which incorporates
with quality signals, links to the SIP infomediaries, and augmentswith the industry dynamics. The results are further suggested tosupport with Internet SIP malls, which are installed to take theadvantages of multimedia interface and real‐time archive forfacilitating the SIP valuation processes.

96

Control of Roundness on Turned Cylindrical Bars using
Artificial Neural Network
Preetam Kalos1, Keshav Nandurkar1, L. G. Navale2
1K.K.Wagh IEE & Research, India
2Modern Education Society’s College Of Engg, India

The emergence of government legislations in environmental
matters has lead to improvements in machining processes in the
recent years. Dry machining is one such attempt in which the useof fluids has been minimized. In this sense, the study of dry
turning process is important.
In a study by Marcos‐Barcena et. al. (2005), the macrogeometricdeviations (roundness) of UNS A92024 (Al–Cu) cylindrical bars
turned dry under specified conditions of imposed cutting (cutting
speed and feed) were reported. They established an exponential
relation between roundness and the cutting parameters. For theongoing research related online control of turning process, neuralnetwork was selected due to its capability to adapt to changes insurrounding environment. Hence, the relationship established inearlier study has been used for training and comparative study of
Back propagation (BP) and Quick propagation (QP) neuralnetworks. The results show that, overall, BP was the best algorithm
for the application tested. The present study serves as an input forpredicting the required process parameters for on‐line control ofroundness in turning process.
Assistance Ontology of Quality Control for Enterprise Model
Using Data Mining
Xuhui Chen1, Jun Lu1, Zhongyuan Liu1
1Lanzhou University of Technology, China

There are many quality domains in which ideas and concepts
about quality are represented. The intelligent Discovery Assistants
Ontology of data mining (DM) processes was presented tocompose and select the large space and non‐trivial interaction inquality control for enterprise. We use a prototype to show that
Quality Control for Enterprise Model is using the virtual enterprisequality ontology. A simple, but typical DM process was presented
in the paper, which included preprocessing data, applying adata‐mining algorithm, and post processing the mining results. It
provides users with systematic enumerations of valid DM
processes, in order that important, potentially fruitful options are
not overlooked and effective rankings of these valid processes bydifferent criteria, to facilitate the choice of DM processes to execute.
Deeply research in the quality and ontology area is realized in
protégé with the format of OWL. Assistance ontology has thefunction to help mining workers selecting the algorithm, how tohelp selecting algorithm, the one prerequisite is that establishes
good data mining method ontology. The intelligent Discovery
Assistants search and deduct in the quality ontology. Finally, a
study case is given to explain the practical application with thefault diagnosis bases on ontology, and was given encouraging
results.
Comparison of Two Flow Analysis Software for Injection
Moulding Tool Design
Iwan Halim Sahputra1
1Petra Christian University, Indonesia

Main objective of this paper is to discuss comparison the results ofinjection moulding process simulation analysis generated byparticular software with those obtained in a small‐scale industrial
process. The samples were produced by ‘Dasset’ Injection
moulding machine at laboratory. Component was modelled using
Rhinoceros Computer Aided Design (CAD) software. Simulation
analysis was performed using Moldflow Plastics Insight (MPI).
Two different positions of gate were selected for simulation toinvestigate the accuracy of the software. Polyethylene (PE) andHigh Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) were selected for analysis andproduction. Comparison with the samples showed that MPI
predict maximum pressure needed to fill the mould cavity
accurate. MPI predicted flow path and weld lines graphically thosewere similar to the machine’s process. SIMPOL does not provide
such results. It was not possible to compare with the machine’s
result because of the machine’s problem. In addition to theseresults, MPI generated more simulation analysis report of injection
moulding process.

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsH (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Design Chain Management
Wednesday ‐ December 5, 2007
Jupiter III
Chih‐Hsing Chu and Roger Jiao

Business Model Innovation through Collaborative ProductDevelopment: A Case Study of Design Services in Taiwan
Chih‐Hsing Chu1, Han‐Chung Cheng1
1National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan

Due to the ever‐increasing global competition in the market, mostTaiwan companies have attempted to transform their businessfrom OEM to ODM, and thus continue to create niche values.
“One‐stop Shopping” design services have emerged as aninnovative business model during this trend, particularly inhigh‐tech industries. In this model, a design company collaborates
with various manufacturing companies integrates different corecompetences, leverages individual resources, and thus offers
complete product development services as a virtual enterprise.
International customers can outsource NPD as a whole to theservice team through a leading design company. This paper
describes such a business innovation based collaborations of SME’s.
Important findings regarding the innovation are generalized froma case study, including value creations, potential risks, andenabling methods. Finally, we propose a protection buffer theory
that facilitates the execution of this business model.
Product Design with Consideration of Contingent Costs: A
Design Function and Variation Risk Management Perspective
Chun‐Ying Shen1, Jung‐Wei Sun2, Yu‐Jing Lin2, Shuo‐Yan Chou2
1Ching Yun University, Taiwan
2National Taiwan University of Science & Technology, Taiwan

This paper proposes an optimization model simultaneously deals
with the tolerance allocation and visible manufacturing andcontingent cost to satisfy the product design functions. The
constrained optimization of product variation allocation(identifyingofself‐makeprocess
andpurchasing
quality/specification level) minimize the main costs, i.e. self‐makemanufacturing cost and purchasing cost, and contingent costs,
such as rework, replace, reverse logistics, and damage on
reputation under above conditions.
A Simple Multi‐Objective Optimization Approach for Material
Purchasing Problem of a Railway Transportation BusinessYiping Lu1, Jianzhong Cha1, Yingshuai Zhao1, Jingjuan Meng1
1Beijing Jiaotong University, China

A railway transportation business is characterized by its dispersed
location, integrated management style, and huge material
requirement. In this business, material purchasing of the wholestation system is central governed, the quantity is big, thus
unsuitable material decision will induce huge lose. To avoid this,both ‘from whom to purchase’ and ‘how the disseminate routing
should be’ need to be optimally decided. If we go even further, thewhole forepart supply chain structure needs to be wisely designed.
Aimed at the problem’s character, the authors of this paper give a
simple but utility optimization model. The model is based on alinear transportation model (LTM) with its fee parameterssynthetically defined by an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) tocapture the multi‐object optimization requirement. According to
the authors’ rudimental test, the model is easy to operate and canserve as an initiation assistance tool in a supply office of a railway
transportation business. A concise review of recent research on
supply chain optimization is also given in the paper.

A Study on Modular Design Representation
Yuan‐Ping Luh1, Chih‐Chin Pan1, Jian‐Wei Su1
1National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan

Faced with the pressure of shortened product life cycle, mostenterprises are looking for the ways to reduce the inventory costand enhance the service level. As stated by many researchers ofrelated fields, modular design is an efficient method using productvarieties to fulfill customer satisfactions. However, the discussionof modular design often excludes its graphical representation
which renders the resultant illustration inconsistent andincomplete. This inadequacy results in poor communication
between product designers and development engineers.
This paper thus proposes a modeling language, named Modular
Design Modeling Language (MDML) and based on UML (Unified
Modeling Language), to develop a concise illustration for the
results of modular design. The paper also proposes an element
illustration methodology to represent the basic elements of theresults of modular design, such as physical structure, component,
function, and interface. Product designers can deliver the modular
design results containing such elements as physical structure
diagram and functional structure diagram.
Finally, an example of LCD TV modular design is also
demonstrated to validate the feasibility of MDML.
An Approach to Improve the Efficiency of Configurators
Yue Wang1, Mitchell Tseng1
1Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong

Configurators have been generally accepted as important tools tobridge the gap between customers’ needs and company offeringsin the form of specific instances of product platform. To date,
improving the efficiency of configurators is a big challenge for boththe academic research and the current practice in the competitive
global marketplace. In this paper, a new configurator design
approach is presented to tackle the configuration task in an
efficient manner by providing adaptive and customized
configuring sequence for individual customers to best match his
preference towards the products. To represent and manipulate theprobabilistic nature of customers’ preferences, Bayesian network is
deployed to reflect the product physical structure and thelikelihood of the customers’ potential preferences among
components. The configuring process is modeled as an uncertainty
elimination process and an information theory based algorithm isapplied to obtain customers’ targeted configuration. The idea is tosequentially select the component with most relevant information
for a customer to configure from the remaining components poolbased on his previous steps’ specification. A case study is reported
to demonstrate the feasibility and potential of the proposed
method.
A Case Study of Obsolete Part Procurement Process
Reengineering
Jun Du1, Yuan‐Yuan Jiao2, Roger Jiao3, Arun Kumar3
1Tianjin University, China
2Nankai University, China
3Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

Obsolete part procurement has to be inevitably dealt withespecially in the electronic industry. Business Process
Reengineering (BPR) has been adopted as an effective approach
which can significantly improve performance of procurement
process. BPR requires that there exist a fundamental and a proven,reliable methodology, which are generally applicable andrepeatable. Towards this end, this paper presents the fundamental
and methodology of procurement process reengineering based on
accountabilities and activities. And then Flextronics, which is a low
volume and high mix electronic manufacturing service provider, isused as a case study to analyze obsolete part procurement process
and implement procurement process reengineering for obsolete
parts.

97

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsG (09:00 ‐ 10:30)
Production Planning and Control (2)Wednesday ‐ December 5, 2007
VIP
Reza Tavakkoli‐Moghaddam and Loo Hay Lee

A New Hybrid Intelligent Method for Assembly Line Balancing
Supaporn Suwannarongsri1, Sunpasit Limnararat1, Deacha
Puangdownreong2
1King Mongkutʹs Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Thailand
2South‐East Asia University, Thailand

A new hybrid intelligent method for solving assembly line
balancing problems is proposed in this paper. The tabu search (TS)method and the genetic algorithm (GA) are combined to identify
and provide solutions for assembly line balancing problems. The
approach is named the TSGA‐based method. With the proposed
approach, the TS method can well address the number of tasks
assigned for each workstation, whereas the GA can also assign thesequence of tasks for each workstation according to precedence
constraints. In this paper, four single‐model assembly line
balancing problems from a survey of literature are tested against
the proposed approach. From the simulation results comparedwith the conventional method, it was found that the proposed
TSGA‐based method is capable of producing solutions superior tothe conventional method. It can be concluded that the TSGA‐based
method is an alternative potential algorithm to solve assembly line
balancing problems.
The Use of a Memetic Algorithm in Operations Scheduling of
Cellular Manufacturing Systems with Makespan
Reza Tavakkoli‐Moghaddam1, Ahmad Ali Bozorgzad2, Yousef Gholipour
Kanani2
1University of Tehran, Iran
2Islamic Azad University, IranThis paper presents a group scheduling problem for
manufacturing cells, in which parts may visit different cells. By
addressing intra‐cell scheduling, the sequence of parts withinmanufacturing cells is determined. In inter‐cell scheduling
however, the sequence of cells is obtained. Due to the complexityof this problem, a memetic algorithm (MA) is proposed to solve
such a hard problem. The performance of proposed MA is shownand evaluated on 10 test problems. The computational results
reveal that the proposed MA performs better than the Lingo
software in these test problems with respect to the average elapsed
time to obtain makespan.
A Method of Reducing Complexity of Product Based on TRIZ
Fang Liu1, Runhua Tan1, Peng Zhang1
1Hebei University of Technology, China

Introduce complexity theory proposed by N.P. Suh. There are fourkinds of complexity in product: real complexity, imaginary
complexity, combinatorial complexity and period complexity. The
design with the least complexity is the best design. A method of
reducing complexity of product based on TRIZ is put forward.
Complexity existed in the permanent flow valve system is reduced
and the reliability of the system is improved by using this method.

98

Automatic Seasonal Auto Regressive Moving Average Models
and Unit Root Test Detection
Siana Halim1, Indriati N. Bisono1, Melissa1, C. Thia1
1Petra Christian University, Indonesia

It is well known that in the reality, sequential data more likely
exhibit a non‐stationary time series or a seasonal non‐stationary
time series than the stationary one. Therefore, a hypothesis isneeded for testing those properties in the time series. Various tests
are available in the literature; however in this study unit root testof Dickey Fuller, Augmented Dickey Fuller and Seasonal Dickey
Fuller test are applied. Moreover, a forecasting program isdesigned by using R 2.3.0. This program executes raw data andgives information of the best time series model in the sense ofminimum AIC (Akaike Information Criterion).By using thisprogram, a user who doesnʹt have a grounded background in timeseries analysis will be able to forecast a short‐period of future valueof time series data accurately.
The analysis of data consists of Box‐Cox transformations, unit root
test, removing unit root and seasonal components, finding the best
time series model for the data, parameter estimation, models
diagnostic checking, and forecasting of the future value time series.
Do Inventory Management Practices affect Economic
Performance? An Empirical Evaluation of the Machine Tool
SMEs in Bangalore
Rajeev N1
1Indian Institute of Science, India

Inventory management (IM) has a decisive role in theenhancement of manufacturing industry’s competitiveness.
Therefore, major manufacturing industries are following IM
practices with the intension of improving their performance.
However, the effort to introduce IM in SMEs is very limited due tolack of initiation, expertise, and financial constraints. This paper
aims to provide a guideline for entrepreneurs in enhancing their
IM performance, as it presents the results of a survey based study
carried out for machine tool Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)
in Bangalore. Having established the significance of inventory as
an input, we probed the relationship between IM performance andeconomic performance of these SMEs. To the extent possible all thefactors of production and performance indicators weredeliberately considered in pure economic terms. All economic
performance indicators adopted seem to have a positive andsignificant association with IM performance in SMEs. On thewhole, we found that SMEs which are IM efficient are likely toperform better on the economic front also and experience higher
returns to scale.
A New Demand Forecasting Paradigm‘Customer‐Centric
Individual Demand Forecasting’
Zhongjun Tang1, Xiaohong Chen1
1Central South University, China

An increasing trend towards forecasting individual demand isoccurring due to customers demanding their orders for individual
products be fulfilled under short delivery time. The basic
principles, forecasting process, handicaps, and enabler of a new
demand forecasting method, named customer‐centric individual
demand forecasting, were proposed.

Session
Topic
Date
Room
ChairsH (11:00 ‐ 12:30)
Advanced Planning and SCM in Process
Industry
Wednesday ‐ December 5, 2007
VIP
Hans‐Otto Guenther and Norbert Trautmann

A MIP/RCPSP Decomposition Approach to Short‐Term Planningin Chemical Batch Production with Non‐Identical Parallel
Processing Units
Norbert Trautmann1, Rafael Fink2, Hanno Sagebiel2, Christoph Schwindt2
1University of Bern, Switzerland
2Clausthal University of Technology, Germany

We consider the problem of planning and scheduling physical andchemical processes on a multi‐product chemical batch production
plant. Such a plant consists of several multi‐purpose processing
units and storage facilities of limited capacity. Given primary
requirements for final products, the problem consists in generating
an appropriate set of batches for each process and scheduling theprocessing of those batches on the processing units subject todifferent types of technological constraints. In the literature theshort‐term planning problem is generally modeled as a monolithic
mixed‐integer linear program. Due to the combinatorial nature of
the problem, those models generally cannot be used when dealing
with problem instances of practical size. In this paper we propose atwo‐level approach which is based on a decomposition of the
problem into a batching and a batch scheduling problem. We
formulate the batching problem as a mixed‐integer linear program,which allows for considering the execution of processes onalternative processing units with unit‐specific lower and upperbounds on the batch sizes. The batch scheduling problem can besolved using a specific method known from the literature. We
report on computational results for a sample production processfrom the chemical engineering literature.
A Priority‐Rule Based Method for Scheduling in Chemical Batch
Production
Christoph Schwindt1, Rafael Fink1, Norbert Trautmann2
1Clausthal University of Technology, Germany
2University of Bern, Switzerland

We present a priority‐rule based method for a scheduling problem
arising in chemical batch production. The problem consists inscheduling a set of operations on the processing units of amulti‐purpose chemical batch plant in such a way that the
production makespan is minimized. An operation transforms one
or several input products into one or several output products. In
general, each operation can be executed on several alternative
processing units. Certain intermediate products can be stocked instorage facilities of limited capacity, whereas chemically instableintermediates have to be consumed immediately. Moreover, achangeover may be necessary between the processing of different
operations on the same processing unit.
The problem is distinguished by the presence of bothmaterial‐availability
andstorage‐capacity
constraints.
Consequently, already the problem of finding a feasible schedule is
NP‐hard. That is why classical priority‐rule based methods cannot
be used. In the literature, a two‐phase approach has been proposed,
dealing with both kinds of inventory constraints separately. In thepresent paper we devise a new priority‐rule based method where
the two types of constraints are treated jointly. The main idea is toallow for partial schedules causing capacity overflows at storage
facilities and to deduce temporary latest start times of operations
from the time points at which the capacity overflows occur. Eachtime such a latest start time cannot be met, an unschedulingprocedure is called, which introduces appropriate release dates for
operations having caused the respective overflow. We report on the
results of an experimental performance analysis comparing the
new method to state‐ofthe‐art algorithms from the literature. The
analysis shows that in particular for large problem instances, ourmethod is able to significantly improve upon the results of theprevious algorithms.

Network‐wide Campaign Planning for Multi‐stage Processes in
the Chemical Industry
Markus Meiler1, Hans‐Otto Guenther1, Martin Grunow2
1Technical University Berlin, Germany
2Technical University of Denmark, Denmark

Nowadays, manufacturing in process industries mostly takes placein branched supply networks consisting of several plants which
are located at different sites and linked by complex logistics
relations and material flows. Thus, a key issue of production
planning and scheduling is the coordina‐tion of plant operations at
different production stages consid‐ering the supply ofintermediates and their transportation between various plants.
This planning effort has to cope with the limited availability ofresources as well as numerous stor‐age and transportation
constraints. Time‐consuming and expensive setup and cleaning
activities require production to be carried out in so‐called
campaigns. Identical production tasks are repeated in succession
to reduce these unproductive times. In our paper, we propose anapplication‐oriented approach for supply network planning in thechemical industry which is based on a novel aggregation scheme
and a network flow formulation of the problem. The optimization
model uses a continuous representation of time. Our approach
generates a comprehensive schedule for coordinating the
production activities at all plants in the network.
An MILP Model Application for Supply Network Planning in
the Production of Chemical Commodities
Hans‐Otto Guenther1, Matthias Kannegiesser1
1Technical University Berlin, Germany

A global supply network planning model for application in the
production of chemical commodities is presented. Major modulesof the model formulation reflect sales, distribution, production,and procurement activities. The objective of the model is tomaximize profit by coordinating all activities within the supply
chain. The model formulation is related to a real industry case.
Application of Analytical Network Process on Supplier
Selection to Hazardous Substance Management in Green Supply
Chain Management
Chia‐Wei Hsu1, Allen Hu1
1National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan

With increased environmental consciousness, this paper presents
an analytic network process (ANP) approach to incorporate theissue of hazardous substance management (HSM) into supplierselection. In this study, identification of criteria of HSM
competence is categorized into four dimensions, a multi‐criteria
decision model is proposed. ANP then is applied to supplierselection and is characterized by interdependencies among
decision structure components. An illustrative example in anelectronics company is presented to demonstrate how to select amost appropriate suppler in accordance with the requirements of
HSM for environmental regulations.
Research on Information Increment and Demand Information
Value in Supply Chains
Jing Wang1, Yuxiang Li2, Xun Wang2
1BeiHang University, China
2Tsinghua University, China

The concepts of information increment and demand information
value in supply chains are defined, and then the measurement
methods of them are established basing on the theory of
information science. The mechanism of demand informationinfluencing the ordering process and the wholesaler’s expected
benefits is clarified by building a supply chain ordering model.
The relationship between information increment and information
value is studied, when assuming the demands are uniformly andnormally distributed. The results of the analysis and the simulation
experiment prove that there is a positive correlation between
information increment and information value, and the information
increment can influence the information user’s benefits. The results
suggest that it is necessary to establish an effective information
evaluation system for members in supply chains to increase theirbenefits by improving the quality of decision information.

99

Session
Date
Display TimeInteractive Session
Room

Poster Session
5 Dec 2007 Wednesday
09:00 ‐ 11:30
10:30 ‐ 11:00
Venus IIIThe Analysis and the solving of Local Protectionism inPassenger Transportation between adjacent cities Based on
Game Theory
Yun Chen1, Wei Tang1
1Changsha University of Science & Technology, China

Local protectionism between cities always blocks the developmentof social economy, which puzzles the managers. This article has
mainly analyzed the cause and the representation of this problem.
And then the quantization model is found based on the Game
Theory, which can analyze the interest relationship between
government and enterprise measurably. The relationship between
local protectionism and social welfare will be given by the modeland the idea of turning passenger transportation to public
transport is advised based on the result of the analysis and the case.
Eventually, the detailed measure and suggestion was advised to
avoid local protectionism and increase the social welfare.
Application of Grey Programming in Irregular Flight Scheduling
XiuLi Zhao1, JinFu Zhu1, Mei Guo1
1Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, China

The sources of irregular to airline schedules are many, including
crew absences, mechanical failures, and bad weather. When these
unexpected events occur, airlines recover by replanning theiroperations. This paper introduces the application of grey
programming in crew rescheduling. The arrival time of crews are
grey variables at the beginning of the irregular flights resumingphrase, but few authors considered it. In this paper, a grey
programming method is introduced to solve the crew reschedulingproblem, A mathematical model for this problem including grey
parameters is presented and a grey simulation technology basedon heuristic procedure is proposed to get the optimal results. The
feasibility and effectiveness of the model and method are verified
by the simulation results.
Predicting Movement Directions of Stock Index Futures by
Support Vector Models with Data Preprocessing
Ping‐Feng Pai1, Wan‐Ru Wei1
1National Chi Nan University, Taiwan

Due to the nature of high‐leverage, generous remuneration can beearned by small capital investment. Therefore, analysis of futures
prices becomes one of the most interesting topics in financial
markets. Recently, by applying the structure risk minimization
principle, support vector machines (SVM) approach has been oneof the most power techniques to dealing with classification
problems. In this investigation, trading information including
technical indicators is employed by SVM model to predict
movement directions of Taiwan stock index futures prices. Due todata preprocess has essential influence on prediction accuracy of
SVM models, preprocessed data provides by different methods areused to examine impacts on prediction performance of SVM
models. Experimental results reveal that the SVM approach has thebest performance when data are processed by scaling anddifferencing operations.
Research on Key Strategic Factors of Chinese Coal Enterprises’
Sustainable Development
Yi‐fei Weng1
1China University of Mining Technology (Beijing), China

In this paper, the authors analyze the internal situations andexternal surrounding faced by Chinese coal enterprises, and withsustainable development as a goal, discriminate and abstract four
key strategic factors: the quality and controlling capability of thecoal resource, the internal management system and structure, thecapital operating capability and the integrated development
capability. Finally some strategic suggestions and solutions are put
forward to control and mobilize these factors.

100

A New Method for Huge Group Decision‐making
Rong Liu1, Xiaohong Chen2
1Changsha University of Science & Technology, China
2Central South University, China

With the appearance of the issue of huge group decision‐making
and the status quo that group‐aggregation decision is only
effective for small‐scale groups, this paper firstly designs an
improved Minimum Fuzzy C‐means (MFCM) based on Minimum
Connected Dominating Set Algorithm (MCDSA), and then,through defining the group‐preference vector, group‐consensus
index and group decision value, the paper puts forward a new
method to deal with huge group aggregation by making use of
MFCM. As is shown by simulations and control analysis, the new
method could effectively resolve the problem of making decisions
for a group with a membership of over 600 .
A Model of Manufacturing Quality Information Supporting
DesignXianlong Xu1, Shurong Tong1
1Northwestern Polytechnical University, China

Quality information produced in manufacturing process is tightly
related to product and process design decision‐making. However,
manufacturing quality information is rarely taken into
considerations by product and process designers. It is also difficultfor designers to capture quality information. Firstly, the demands
for manufacturing quality information supporting product andprocess design decision‐making are analyzed in this paper. Thenrequirement model of manufacturing quality information
supporting design decision‐making is given. Thirdly, according to
the manufacturing quality information three‐layer representation
framework based on STEP standards mentioned in our previous
research, manufacturing quality information representation inapplication layer is studied. Fourthly, the paper describes model ofmanufacturing quality information supporting design decisions
using IDEF0 diagram. Finally, through some investigation ofdesign process of heavy vehicle transmission, a model ofmanufacturing quality information supporting transmission
design decision‐making using IDEF0 diagram is proposed.
The Use of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process to Confer the Core
Factors of 3G Mobile Telecommunications’ Content Use
Yu‐Lung Wu1, Michael C.S Chang2, Pei‐Chi Yang2
1I‐Shou University, Taiwan
2I‐shou University, Taiwan

Despite the continuing growth in the number of mobile phoneservice subscribers, the problem of dropping average revenue pervoice communication user urges mobile telecommunication
services providers to include 3G mobile telecommunications
services and applications as a major source of revenue. To
understand subscribers’ preferred and valued 3G mobile
telecommunication services and designs, this study applied Fuzzy
Analytic Hierarchy Process, in addition to content analysis,
interview, and questionnaire survey, to evaluate 3G mobilecommerce design criteria. The results of the study suggest that
increased mobile telecommunication bandwidth allows theoffering of more value added services. However, MTSPs need totake into consideration of their subscribers’ individual needs ofinformation services. Timely and pragmatic services withhumanized designs help to increase subscribers’ usage of mobile
telecommunication services, leading to a higher profit margin for
MTSPs.
Assessment on the Enterprise’s Operational Performance Using
Multiple Attribute Decision Making
Chuan‐Chun Wu1, Yu‐Lung Wu2, Pei‐Chi Yang1
1I‐shou University, Taiwan
2I‐Shou University, Taiwan

For the sake of meeting and greeting the era of mobilized
technology, the relevant manufacturers produce relevant products
one after another, such as notebook computer, it gradually
becomes the user’s most favorite product. In recent years, thedevelopment of notebook companies is very fast. According to theinformation from Market Intelligence Center (MIC) in 2005, it
showed that there was a significant growth in NB market, andbecause the market competition was intense, the notebook
companies need to face more challenges. This study starts from theviewpoints of financial performance, the analysis and comparison
tools would be Grey Relational Analysis of Multiple Attribute
Decision Making and TOPSIS analysis, and the financial
statements from the website of Market Observation Post System
are adopted in order to establish a short‐term assessment modelfor the sake of assessing the best and worst notebook companies.
The displayed rankings that based on these two kinds of analyticalresults are still slightly different; the reason of difference is that thisstudy has added the feature weighting value for calculation, which
led to different rankings, but the overall performance of the
manufacturers displays high consistency.
A New Financial Engineering Model for Analyzing the Royalty
of BOT Projects: The Taiwan Case
Chao‐Chung Kang1, Cheng‐Min Feng2, Szu‐Chi Huang3
1Providence University, Taiwan
2National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
3Taiwan University, Taiwan

This paper uses the financial engineering concept to compare build,
operate, and transfer (BOT) projects with non‐BOT projects. The
comparison reveals that there exists a difference in financial flow
framework between BOT and non‐BOT projects and that thebenefit cost ratio (B/C) or self‐liquidation ratio (SLR) cannot be
used to analyze the financial plan although some earlier studies
have used either of them to evaluate the financial feasibility of BOT
projects. Moreover, this study construct a new financial investment
evaluation model which includes the private construction cost
ratio (PCCR), government construction cost ratio (GCCR), royalty,
and government finance recovery ratio (GFRR) for analyzing thefinancial characters of BOT projects. In addition, this paper
conducts a case study on the BOT concession of the Container
Terminal in Taipei Port to find the solutions of PCCR, GCCR,
royalty, and GFRR. Results of the case study show that the new
BOT financial model could be used to interpret the financial
characters of BOT projects
A Methodology to Determine the Cost of Spare Part for
Choosing the Best Mode of Shipment
Dariush Tavaghof Gigloo1, Mohammad Ali Shafia1
1Iran University of Science & Technology, IranMany companies face the challenge of keeping on stock large
inventories of spare parts (SP) & bearing excessive holding &obsolescence costs. Thus, for them, the effective cost analysis canbe an important tool to evaluate the effects of stock control
decisions related to SP. This paper proposes a methodology for
reducing the imposed costs. In order to enable the company topredict the demand level through an experimental algorithm, it
presents a case study in the real world for calculating the price ofeach SP before its purchase. Choosing the optimum mode of
shipment for variety of SP to be ordered, is the final intention ofthis research report.
Study of Construction Bidding System Based on Combination of
Rough Set Theory and Back‐propagation Network
Xueqing Wang1, Gang Yu1, Hui Zhao1
1Tianjin University, China

The estimation of optimum markup percentage is a critical activity
for a contractor to win the tender. It is affected by many factors.
This paper presents a novel method of markup estimation
combining rough sets (RS) theory and back‐propagation (BP)
network for construction project. RS theory is utilized as apreprocessor to delete the redundant irrelevant factors to theproject markup. Then the relevant factors are used to train the BP
network and predict the project markup. Actual prediction results
show that the performance of RSBP model combing RS theory andBP model is superior to that of BP network with higher global
convergence ability and higher computing speed. In addition, themean relative error of RSBP model is also smaller than the BPmodel.

Forecasting Electricity Consumption by Separating the Periodic
Variable and Decompositions the Pattern
Farid Ghaderi1, Ali Azadeh1, Hamid Reza Sadeghi Keyno1
1University of Tehran, IranElectricity consumption pattern has been affected by somesocio‐economic and environment factors like consumers andenvironmental fluctuations. Due such parameters electricity
consumption pattern will demonstrate various seasonal, monthly,
daily and hourly variations. With this type of diversity, it isdifficult to find the appropriate model to estimate. In this article it
is attempted to decompose the pattern by clustering primary dateand eliminating the periodic variance. The complicated pattern ischanged to a set of simple patterns which easily could be used inpoint of view of macro decision making todetermine theparameters affected on consumption pattern and forecast detailed
executing consumption that is mainly used by middle
management and technical engineers. Improved results withdescriptive estimation for any part of consumption pattern areconcluded in any time intervals.
Case Study of Picking Method Selection for Cosmetic
Broken‐case Picking Operation
Jinping Liu1
1Dalian Maritime University, China

Order picking has been seen as the most labor‐intensive and costly
activity for almost every warehouse; the cost of order picking isestimated to be as much as 55% of the total warehouse operating
expense. From literature review, it is understood that in addition to
storage equipment policies, the proper use of retrieval equipment
and picking regime can improve picking performance. The
retrieval equipment types, picking regime and information tools
for broken‐case picking are discussed and considered in this paper.
The paper details the order profile analysis in order to select anefficient and effective picking strategy solution for the cosmetic
broken‐case picking operation. This paper will show a reasonable,
practical and easy approach of the selection process for thecosmetic broken‐case picking operation.
Single‐Machine Scheduling to Minimize the Number of Early
Jobs
Rong‐Hwa Huang1, Chang‐Lin Yang1
1Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan

This study proposes a novel method to determine the minimum
number of early jobs on a single machine, and demonstrates that
this problem can be solved in polynomial time. The method’s
complexity is O (n log n). This study also provides computational
performance of this method on problems with various sizes.
An Inventory Model with ‐Rational Type‐ Backlogged Demand
Rate and Quadratic Backlogging Cost
Joaquin Sicilia‐Rodriguez1, Luis‐Augusto San‐José2, Juan Garcia‐Laguna2
1Universidad de La Laguna, Spain
2Universidad de Valladolid, Spain

In this paper, we consider a single item inventory model with amixture of backorders and lost sales, in which the demand during
the stockout period is partially backlogged according to a rational
type function. The parameters associated with the purchasing cost,selling price, ordering cost, goodwill cost, demand rate andholding cost per unit and unit time are constant, but the
cumulative backordering cost per unit is a quadratic function of
the length of time for which the backorder exists. A procedure isdeveloped for determining the optimal policy and the minimum
total inventory cost. Illustrative numerical examples, which help us
to understand the theoretical results, are also presented.
Use Genetic Algorithm in Production and Inventory Strategy
Cheng‐I Hou1, Chih‐Yao Lo1, Jai‐Houng Leu1
1Yu‐Da College of Business, Taiwan

This paper is to study when enterprises facing time varying andfrom a single supplier. The availability of the supply may facenatural disaster, labor strike, production defects, mechanicalfailures, or other impact events. This research was to establish amodel to solve the dynamic problems in between production andinventory. Use genetic algorithm to reduce the overall average cost.

101According to the different ordering policy to determine production
cycle to evaluate performance in order to find the optimal policy is
not only to balance production and inventory levels, also maintainfinished products and raw materials in reasonable levels.
A Composite Weighted Multi‐objective Optimal Approach for
Emergency Logistics Distribution
Ming Liu1, Lindu Zhao1
1Southeast University, China

Improving the efficiency of distribution in emergency logistics
research, which would decrease disaster damage in the other side.
A new composite weighted multi‐objective optimal approach for
distributing commodities was constructed in this paper, whichfeature in including penalty function in objective functions, as wellas time and cost during the transshipment in urgent relief
distribution centers were considered in constraints. Then, asimulation experiment analysis about a disaster such as
earthquake occurred in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, was illustrated
to indicate that the new model can be used by decision maker
during an actually disaster relief efficiently.
Scheduling Performance Evaluation in Hybrid Production
Environments
Wen‐Pai Wang1
1National Chin‐Yi University of Technology, Taiwan

The configurations inside firms are most often neither pureflow‐shop nor pure job‐shop in practice. A schedulingperformance evaluation is proposed to extend and integrate
several ideas into a research framework where results can bereferred to real‐world manufacturing situations. The investigation
therefore composes in which some of simple and popular
scheduling rules are examined in hybrid shops comprising bothjob‐shop and flow‐shop. The average flow time is specifically theprinciple performance measure taken into account to estimate how
closely the rules accomplish jobs relative to their due dates. The
research effect indicated that the SPT rule is oftentimes preferred
to cater for customers’ requests and CR is of a kind to the contrary.
In addition, this paper supplies a basis for extending theconclusions beyond the boundaries of the specific scenariopresented with some believability. Regarding the computational
results the approach has the potential to be applied to practicalhybrid manufacturing systems and can probably obtain desirable
performance by using either of these rules as the basis while using
some of the very elementary rules researched over years inconsiderably unrealistic operations research models.
Scheduling Multiple Orders with Preemptive Jobs and Resource
Dependence Times
Shan‐Ping Chuang1, Tsung‐Shin Hsu1, Chang‐Lin Yang2
1National Taiwan University of Science & Technology, Taiwan
2Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan

Scheduling with preemptive jobs and resource dependence times
is a problem that operation managers face everyday inservice‐oriented environments, and the computational complexityof the problem also limits the solution techniques available. A
proposed scheduling model, which integrates simulation, genetic
algorithms and decision support tools, is to solve the schedulingproblem with preemptive jobs and resource dependence times
involving multiple orders on multiple operation stages. The objectof this study is to seek the minimum total tardiness of overall
orders, and three subordinate objects are also considered formaking decisions in operation management. A numerical example
is solved to illustrate the proposed model. The results demonstratebetter performance than is achieved using several populardispatching rules.
Optimum Production Planning Model under Probabilistic
Market Demand
Tian‐Syung Lan1, Chih‐Yao Lo1, Jian‐Lun Deng1
1Yu‐Da College of Business, Taiwan

An Optimum Production Planning (OPP) Model for a robot‐served
machine in the make‐to‐order (MTO) industry is proposed tominimize the production cost under deterministic order quantityand deadline constraints. The operational cost of the machine andthe part handling robot, as well as the fixed costs for both
equipments and the product holding cost are considered102

simultaneously into the objective of the model. This study not only
implements the Lagrange Method to resolve the production
planning problem, but also provides a verified cost‐related
property of the Lagrange Multiplier for budget and/or cost
forecasting under the deterministic market. Through theforecasted future demand, the step‐by‐step algorithm to reach the
optimal production plan for the probabilistic market is thenconstructed. In addition, the versatility and adaptability of thisstudy are exemplified through numerical simulation. This paper
surely contributes the applicable solution to control a robot‐served
machine under certain market, as well as to plan the productivityof the machine and the robot in the forecasted future.
Manpower Allocation in an Asynchronous Production Line with
Leveled Labor
Kuang‐Yao Wu1, Hong‐Feng Lai1, Chung‐Yen Ho1
1National United University, Taiwan

Allocations of the buffer, the server and the workload forenhancing productivity are commonly addressed in serial
production lines. This paper presents a framework for allocating
the manpower in an asynchronous production line, whereoperators are leveled into several degrees of skill. Throughput isconsidered as a performance index for measuring a manpowerplan. A max‐min‐sum linear fractional model is proposed to find apromising workload allocation. Based on the preliminary model,
an approach for dispatching each operator to appropriate stations
is developed. Furthermore, a formula for estimating therequirement of the buffer space is given. In extension, theproposed model can be employed to analyze the problem ofcapacity expansion with workforce and machine additions.
A Study of the EPQ Model Using Fuzzy AHP When Fflaw of the
Products or Unreliable Machineries Exists
Chih‐Yao Lo1, Jai‐Houng Leu1, Cheng‐I Hou1
1Yu‐Da College of Business, Taiwan

The methods to solve production problems usually assume theproduction process for the machines completely reliable and the
products are perfect. This has the quite big difference with the
production system in the reality. The enterprise is often facing
many uncertainties in the production planning choice. Such as
unreliability of the machineries, the quality differences, thefinished product slight defect problems, and imperfect internal
processes caused possible shortages and so on. The passed related
researches usually emphasis a single issue or consideration, or
make the model too complicated to use. Therefore, this study is toinvestigate the possible impact of Economic Production Quantity(EPQ) model decision‐making factor. Use EPQ model to explore
the most economical choice production cost factor based on theuncertainties may exists.
A New Process Capability Index under Multiplicative
Adjustment of Process Mean and Its Demonstration Procedures
Kwanwoo Kim1, Bong‐Jin Yum1
1Korea Advanced Institute of Science Technology, South Korea

In the process capability study, it has been undisputedly assumed
that the standard deviation of a quality characteristic is unchanged
even if its mean is adjusted for the purpose of process centering.
However, this assumption is not valid for the case of themultiplicative adjustment of the mean, which appears morecommonly in practice. In addition, little research has addressed theissue of “process capability demonstration”. In this paper, a newprocess capability index is proposed for the nominal‐the‐best
characteristic under the multiplicative adjustment of the mean, its
lower confidence limit is derived, and a demonstration procedure
is developed so that the required sample size can be determined toachieve a desired probability of successfully demonstrating thatthe process capability index meets the target with a specified levelof confidence.

The Impact of ERP Implementation on Corporate Supply Chain
Performance
Jia‐Jane Shuai1, Yi‐ Fen Su2, Chyan Yang2
1Ming‐Hsin University of Science & Technology, Taiwan
2National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Supply Chain
Management (SCM) represent important technology investment
options for operations managers, and have been acclaimed in thepractitioner and academic literature for their potential to improvebusiness performance. ERP systems provide benefits in the area oftransaction automation; SCM systems provide more sophisticatedplanning capabilities. This paper focuses on the interactions
between ERP and SCM. A conceptual framework was proposed.
The framework is featuring the ERP benefits, firm competences,and supply chain performance. It became clear that there exists
close interrelations in benefits of implementing ERP system and
SCM performances. We apply rough set theory (RST) to discoverimportant ERP attributes leading to the success of SCM.
A Multi‐period Ordering Policy in Supply Chain
Chun‐Chin Wei1, L. T. Chen2
1Ching Yun University, Taiwan
2National Pingtung Institute of Commerce, Taiwan

Supply chain management (SCM) is seen as a set of practices
aimed at managing and coordinating the whole supply chain fromraw material suppliers to end customers and develops greatersynergy through collaboration along the whole channel.
Traditionally, a newsboy model can be employed in a single period
and single product ordering model of a retailer. In this paper, we
extend the classical newsboy model to solve a multiple period
ordering and pricing policy between a manufacturer and a retailer.
We consider a single product which is subject to uncertain demand
which is a function of price. The proposed model can determine
the quantity of the retailer ordering from the manufacturer byconsidering maximizing the profit of the channel. A numerical
study is conducted to attend qualitative insights into the structuresof the proposed policy. The numerical results show that thesolutions generated by the proposed policy outperform that by the
independent policy or fix ordering quantity policy in the profits of
the retailer and overall channel.
Identifying Efficient Cane Growers and Exploiting Their
Expertise in Improving Inefficient Ones
Kullapapruk Piewthongngam1, Jakrapan Suksawat1, Arunwadee Tenglolai2
1Khon Kaen University, Thailand
2Mitr Phol Sugarcane Research Center, Thailand

The objective of this study is to distinguish efficient cane grower
from the less efficient ones using qualitative and data envelopment
analysis. Using this method, thirty efficient growers wereidentified. The strategic plan drawn from comparing efficient
growers and inefficient ones is as follows. 1) Using efficient
growers to benchmark farm activities that need to be improved,
including activities relating to tillage, plant, herbiciding, fertilizing,
irrigating. 2) Strengthening the farming skills of growers who own
land with sandy loam soil that is susceptible to weather conditionchange. 3) Making the expansion of the mill’s cane‐growing land apriority, expanding to loamy clay to sandy loam, implementing
irrigation system. 4) Develop business process mapping of efficient
growers to improve inefficient ones individually.
Research on Supply Chain Disruption Coordination
Mechanisms under Algebraic Demand and Asymmetric
Information
Pin Zhuang1, Lindu Zhao2
1Southeast University, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,
China
2Southeast University, China

This paper studies the optimal decisions of a supply chain
involving one supplier and one retailer with asymmetric
information after the retailerʹs cost was disruption. We consider
two scenarios: coordination mechanism under asymmetric
information in a regular scenario and in an irregular scenario (withretailerʹs cost disruption). Our research shows that, it is optimal forthe supply chain to keep the original coordination mechanism if
the retailerʹs cost change is sufficiently small. Decisions must be
remade if retailerʹs cost change is larger. We illustrate the results bynumerical analysis.

Decision‐making for the Optimal Number of Suppliers
Considering Trade‐off between Supplier Management Cost andSupply Failure Risk
Dan Wang1, Yuan Zhao1
1Dalian Maritime University, China

This paper puts forward an optimization model to minimize thetotal costs including supplier management cost and risk loss costbased on the analysis of the trade‐off relationship between suppliermanagement cost and supply failure risk, in which the optimal
number of suppliers is dependent variable. Then the sensitivity
analysis of the relationship between the optimal number ofsuppliers with the proportion of management cost to the total cost,risk loss cost, and supplier reliability are made respectively. Some
advices for decision‐making on how to choose suppliers in
different circumstances are concluded finally.
Optimal Pricing Strategy for Queuing Systems with Balking
Loss and Reneging Loss
Pen‐Yuan Liao1, Leewen Tyan2
1National United University, Taiwan
2Ta‐Hwa Institute of Technology, Taiwan

The lost profit from lost business is quite difficult to be estimatedfor the queuing systems with cyclic demands. My previous work
presented a creative and effective approach to formulate waiting
cost as balking loss plus reneging loss. Using the estimation of
waiting cost may allow decision makers to have the capability todetermine the optimal number of servers for each planning period.
Unfortunately, some queuing systems have trouble in extending
the number of servers to earn more profit. Hence, an alternative
way, the optimal pricing strategy, can be used to solve this capacity
constraint problem. In this paper, the balking index and reneging
index are introduced and formulated with discount level as three
key parameters on maximizing the total profit.
A Case Study of Applying Spectral Clustering Technique in the
Value Analysis of An Outfitterʹs Customer Database
En‐Chi Chang1, Shian‐Chang Huang1, Hsin‐Hung Wu1, Chiao‐Fang Lo1
1National Changhua University of Education, Taiwan

This case study applies the spectral clustering technique in thevalue analysis of the customer database of an outfitter in Taipei,
Taiwan. By considering gender, birth date, zip code, shopping
frequency, and the total spending, the spectral clustering analysis
found six clusters among 551 member customers from thecompany’s database. In addition to the clustering analysis,
different
promotion
strategies
based
on
two
recency‐frequency‐monetary based loyalty strategies matrices forthe members of different clusters are provided. The analysis showsthat Clusters 5 and 3 are the two most important groups and one
group of customers may have to be abandoned to save thecompany’s marketing resources.
The Business Model of Internet Application Services for
Telecommunications Operators
Peishan Lin1, Muhammad Khalil Shahid1, Shoulian Tang1
1Beijing University of Posts & Telecommunications, China

This paper discusses the business model of Internet application
services through dividing the application services into four
categories: content‐based business, information‐based business,advertisement business, and product transaction business. This
paper tries to analyze the business model from the perspective of
value chain, especially focusing on cooperation relationship. The
analysis of this paper is about four major businesses of the Internet
application services through the method of case study of V‐net
which was launch by China Telecom. Based on these models, thispaper discusses how to cooperate among the participators on thevalue chain and proposes different patterns of cooperation ship. It
also compares different models and concludes the advantages andrisks of these models.

103

Finite Element Method Modeling and Analysis for Aeronautic
Synchronous Generator with Damper Windings on Unloading
and Short‐Circuit Conditions

Development of Surface Roughness Prediction Model Using
Response Surface Methodology in High Speed End Milling of
AISI H13 Tool Steel

Xiaohe Ma1, Songhua Shen1, Luyan Bi1, Jianfeng Li2
1BeiHang University, China
2Motorola Electronic Pte. Ltd, Singapore

Abdullah Mohd. Khalid Hafiz1, AKM Nurul Amin1, A N Mustafizul Karim1,
M. Amri Lajis2
1International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
2Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia

Nowadays Finite Element Method (FEM) has been one of the focus
issues on analyzing electromagnetic machines. To investigate thedynamic characteristics of aeronautic synchronous generator withdamper windings, electric circuit model with damper windings
has been established and two‐dimensional transient solution has
been executed in this paper. FEM results on unloading andshort‐circuit conditions with Magnet of Infolytica corporation haveverified the accuracy and feasibility of ever growing
electromagnetic coupling method.
A Simulation Model of Bullwhip Effect in a Multi‐Stage Supply
Chain
Pilada Wangphanich1, Sami Kara1, A/Prof Berman Kayis1
1University of New South Wales, Australia

Bullwhip effect has always been considered as one of the criticalproblems in a supply chain that negatively influences costs,
inventory, reliability and other important business processes
especially in upstream agents. This problem has become even morecritical due to the increased complexity of global supply chains.
This paper proposes a simulation model to quantify a bullwhip
effect in a multi‐product, multi‐stage supply chain which theiragents release their order based on inventory level. Generic models
based on system dynamics approach are proposed to create
specific supply chain to quantify a bullwhip effect as well as toreduce such effect. The supply chain of ʹR.O.O Waterʹ was selected
to validate and demonstrate the flexibility of the proposed model.
The result showed that the difference was never more than 1% forquantifying the bullwhip effect. Moreover, the proposed modelallows user to find an optimal set of parameters to reduce total
bullwhip effect by adjusting parameters manually or using
optimization function.
A Planning Support System For System Of Systems Engineering
Yong Wang1, Zhong Liu1, Weiming Zhang1, Jincai Huang1, Baoxin Xiu1
1National University of Defense Technology, China

This paper describes a planning system for SOSE(System of
Systems Engineering). Based on the analysis of the characteristicsof the planning for SOSE, the architecture framework of theplanning system is introduced, which not only supports theprocess design and organization design, but also monitor of SOSE
process. A plan representation is proposed for planning SOSE,
which emphasizes on the system of systems (SOS), courses ofaction (COA), organization and budget. Finally, a planning process
is discussed, especially COA design.
Modeling and Verifying Web Service Composition Using
Colored Petri Nets Based On WSCI
Xinguo Deng1, Ziyu Lin1, Weiqing Cheng1, Ruliang Xiao1, Ling Li1, Lina
Fang1
1Wuhan University, China

Current Web services composition proposals, such as Web Service
Choreography Interface (WSCI), provide no mechanisms or tool
support for the verification of service composition in the design,when describing the control and message flows in service
collaboration. For solving this problem, this paper presents anapproach for transforming the composition language WSCI intocolored Petri nets (CPNs) so as to effectively verify the model withexisting CPNs‐specialized tools. The colored Petri nets model of atypical use case “Plan and Book Trip” is then constructed, analyzed,
verified and simulated as prototypes of WSCI models with theCPNs tools.

104

This paper presents a study on the development of an effective
method to predict surface roughness for high speed end milling of
AISI H13 tool steel using PCBN inserts. The response surface
methodology (RSM) has been utilized for the postulation of asecond order quadratic model in terms of cutting speed, axial
depth of cut and feed. Sufficient numbers of experiments were run
based on the Box‐Wilson central composite design (CCD) concept
of RSM in order to generate roughness data. The ANOVA
technique has been used to verify the adequacy of the model at
95% confidence interval. From the model it was found that feed
plays the most dominating role on surface finish followed by the
cutting speed. However, axial depth of cut does not havesignificant effect on roughness value. The roughness tends todecrease with decreasing feed and increasing cutting speed.
Knowledge Access Control Policy Language Model for VirtualEnterprises
Tsung‐Yi Chen1, Yuh‐Min Chen2, Hui‐Chuan Chu3, Chui‐Cheng Chen4
1NanHua University, Taiwan
2National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
3National University of Tainan, Taiwan
4Southern Taiwan University of Technology, Taiwan

Collaborating throughout a product lifecycle via virtual enterprise(VE) is one of the most promising strategies for enhancing global
competitiveness. Efficient and secure knowledge sharing is criticalto the success of a VE. First, this study proposes an ontology‐basedknowledge access control model for knowledge sharing in a VE. In
the proposed model, user authorizations permitting access toknowledge in a VE are classified into two levels: basic privilegesand extended privileges. The former are evaluated fromfour‐dimensions, i.e. who, what, when and where, while the latteris determined by considering how three domain ontologies, i.e.,
product, organization and activity, are related. Based on the
proposed knowledge access control model, a knowledge access
control policy language model is developed to identify theknowledge access control and sharing rules of a VE and all its
enterprise members. The knowledge access control model and thepolicy language model proposed in this study can facilitate VE
Knowledge management and sharing across enterprises, enhanceknowledge sharing security and flexibility and regulateknowledge sharing to expeditiously reflect changes in the businessenvironment.
The Research Status of Complex System Integrated HealthManagement System(CSIHM) Architecture
Yi‐bo Li1, Bing Li1, Sen‐yue Zhang1, Yun‐hong Gao1
1Shenyang Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, China

Complex System Integrated Health Management (CSIHM)
technology is developed from the Fault Detecting, Isolation andReconfiguration (FDIR) technology; which is the integrated
application of the advanced reasoning technology, artificial
intelligence technology, sensor technology and information
management technology. CSIHM can effectively manage the healthstates of many kinds of complex system for reducing themaintenance cost of an overall system and make sure theaccomplishment of mission and the safety of crews by detecting
the system malfunctions earlier and make deal with them
automatically. Recent years, most of presented health management
models, such as ISHM, IVHM and PHM etc. can be put in the
category of CSIHM. This paper firstly presents the goal which
CSIHM must be achieved and its activities, and then has ananalysis and comparison of some representative CSIHM
architectures combining with some typical cases emerged fromtheir development course, at last presents that use the technique ofconcurrent engineering to conduct the design of CSIHM and thedesign of complex system managed by CSIHM simultaneously, thedesign of user interface and the development of core engine is thedifficulties and hotspot problems in the research of CSIHM
architecture.

The Limitations of the Technology Roadmap and Importance of
New Management Tools in Science‐based Innovation: the Caseof Nanotechnology in Japan
Daisuke Kanama1, Akio Kondo1
1National Institute of Science & Technology Policy, Japan

Since 2000, nanotechnology has become a remarkable technology
field and has been largely expected to create science‐based
innovation. This field, however, has such characteristics as highcomplexity and uncertainty of the feasibility of technologicalrealizations, most private firms would not be able to take onenormous risks by themselves against a large amount ofinvestigation required to commercialize nanotechnology.
Consequently, public‐private interaction becomes necessity, andnational and local governments need an effective technology
management tool to build a long‐term strategy for nanotech
realization and commercialization. This report indicates although atechnology roadmap has been noted as a tool in building along‐team strategy, there would be problems and limitations
because of the technological and market uncertainties of this new
research field.

Disruptive Process Innovation in Semiconductor Industry
Srikanth Narasimalu1, C C Hang1, Kah‐Hin Chai1
1National University of Singapore, Singapore

Firms concentrate more in capturing market by performing
product innovations as their key strength. However the key toincrease the market share is in theirstrategy: apart from enhancing
the product performance they should concurrently focus in theprocess innovation, which involves in both technological andbusiness processes. Earlier researches have shown disruptive
innovation as a distinct difference from the continuous and radical
innovation in product development. However in this study it isshown that it can be extended to process type innovation of hightech industries. For every product there is a close relationshipbetween the product development and its manufacturing process,hence knowledge transfer and technology diffusion between the
two teams is crucial to explore and exploit each other’s strength.
Secondly, to enable process innovation, emphasis should be madeto introduce the concept of modularity and flexibility in a product’s
manufacturing process. Accordingly, this paper introduces aframework for concurrent product and process development thatwill help a firm to achieve a highest level in its competitive
strategy.

Knowledge Management Approach in Mobile Software System
Testing
Kein Wei Ong1, Mei Ying Tang1
1Motorola Software Group, Malaysia

Binomial Distribution Based Approach to Deriving Time Series
Weights

Software testing is the last phase in the Software Development Life
Cycle (SDLC) which aims to test and capture any defects before thesoftware is being deployed. System test is more concentrated onblack box testing whereby the functionality and integration
between software, hardware and computer system is tested.
Motorola Global Software Group Malaysia, Penang (GSG Penang)is the core test team for iDEN™ phone software system testing.
The main activity of iDEN™ phone software system test is toconduct phone software functionality test, mobile data (such as
GPS and circuit data call) test as well as software stress test
through the iDEN™ network simulation in Penang. This paper
discusses the proposal of implementing test knowledge
management framework in iDEN™ phone software system testingand how the knowledge management approach can benefit thetesting team in terms of cost and productivity.

1

Z. S. Xu1, J Chen1
Tsinghua University, China

Information aggregation is an essential process in many fields likemathematics, economy, biology, engineering, management,
medicine and military affairs, etc. A variety of techniques havebeen developed to aggregate argument information collected at thesame period. However, it seems that there is little investigation on
the aggregation process of arguments collected at different periods,
in which time series weights play an important role and thus
should be highly emphasized. In this paper, we introduce a timeseries weighted aggregation (TSWA) operator, and propose anapproach based on the binomial distribution probability density
function and its inverse form to deriving the time series weights
associated with the TSWA operator. Then, we give a detailed
analysis of the properties of the derived time series weights.

Knowledge Sharing and KM Effectiveness in Technology R&D
Teams: Transactive Memory System and Team‐based Outcome
Expectations Perspectives

Applying Critical Chain in Project Scheduling and Estimating
Buffer Size Based on Fuzzy Technique

Chi‐Cheng Huang1, Tzu‐Jung Huang1
1Aletheia University, Taiwan

1

R&D process can primarily be considered as a knowledge
management (KM) process. In particular, knowledge
sharing/transferring is perceived to be the most essential processes
for knowledge management. Organizations rely on many kinds ofwork groups such as R&D teams to develop technologies, improve
services and manage operations. Thus, this study proposes a grouplevel research model which includes transactive memory system,
network tie, team‐based outcome expectations and trust to
examine knowledge sharing in technology R&D teams. Besides,
the relationship between KM effectiveness and knowledge sharing
is also examined in technology R&D teams. Our research model isassessed using data from a sample of 248 members of technology
R&D teams and is analyzed using PLS method. The results of thisstudy indicate: (1) transactive memory system and team‐based
outcome expectations can facilitate knowledge sharing; (2) trustand network tie can facilitate transactive memory system and (3)knowledge sharing has no effect on KM effectiveness. This study
also discusses implications for the technology R&D teams based on
the results of this study.

Kun Li1, Yun‐xiang Chen1
Institute of Engineering, Air Force Engineering, China

Project scheduling has long been an area of intensive research.
Aiming at the problems in the current Scheduling Management
based on classical network scheduling techniques, this paper
analyzes the principles of the theory of critical chain and theapplications in project scheduling management, and discusses theprinciples of project buffer under the comparison of critical chain
and classical network scheduling techniques. However, in the realworld, project activities are subject to considerable uncertainty,
which affects the performance of project scheduling management.
A fuzzy method is researched to estimate the buffer size in critical
chain scheduling to reduce the uncertainty degree. The test results
indicate the evaluation based on fuzzy technique can improve theperformance of project schedule. The future works are mentioned
in the end.

105

AUTHOR INDEXACA., Srividya p.77
A.K., Verma p.77
ABA‐BULGU, M p.75
ABDO, Jamil p.58
ABDOLLAHI, Ali p.94
ABRAMOV, Oleg p.82
AFARIDEH, Ehsan p.90
AGGOUNE, Riad p.49
AHI, Arshia p.86
AHMADIZAR, Fardin p.87
AKSEN, Deniz p.87
AL HEMYARI, Zuhair p.84
ALARD, Robert p.61, 47, 88
ALBINO, Vito p.72
AL‐GHAZI, Anas p.83
AL‐MISHARI, Salman p.93
AL‐SHAREEF, Khaled p.83
ALZEBDEH, Khalid p.58
AMER, Yousef p.43, 48
AMIN, AKM Nurul p.104
ANDERS, O. p.63
ANG, Beng Wah p.53
ANISSEH, Mohammad p.50, 51
APPA IYER, Sivakumar p.72
ARAS, Necati p.87
ARKAT, Jamal p.87
ARONSKY, Dominik p.79
ARUGA, Masahiro p.95
ARYANEZHAD, M.Bahador p.60, 86, 89
ASANO, Yoko p.45
ASHRAF, Muhammad p.43, 48
ASHTIANI, Behzad p.60, 86
ATEME‐NGUEMA, Barthelemy p.85
AZADEH, Ali p.101
AZEM, Sadia p.49
AZIZ, Nur Arina Bazilah p.72

CAI, Cunqiang p.43
CAI, Fei p.65
CAI, X. Q. p.71
CAILLAUD, Emmanuel p.62
CALISIR, Fethi p.41, 64
CAO, Jian p.80
CAPIZZI, Giovanna p.57
CARRASQUEIRA, Manuel p.69
CASTAGLIOLA, Philippe p.57
CASTILLA, Cesar p.60
CH.S.N., Chandra Sunil Kumar p.51
CHA, Jianzhong p.81, 97
CHAAR, B. Fayech p.73
CHAI, Chunfeng p.69
CHAI, Kah‐Hin p.105
CHAKPITAK, Nopasit p.41
CHAKRABARTY, Ayon p.67
CHAN, Kai‐Ying p.40
CHANG, Betty p.52, 46
CHANG, En‐Chi p.103
CHANG, Kai Yi p.64
CHANG, Michael C.S p.76, 100
CHANG, Seok Ho p.49
CHANG, Shann‐Bin p.42
CHANG, Shu‐Min p.42
CHAO, Keng‐Hui p.59
CHAO, Kiekang p.47
CHARTNIYOM, Siradej p.71
CHATTOPADHYAY, Gopinath p.49, 92
CHATZIMICHALI, Anna p.78
CHEN, Bai‐Sheng p.50
CHEN, Chie Bein p.54
CHEN, Chin‐Chun p.64
CHEN, Chui‐Cheng p.104
CHEN, Chung‐Yang p.59, 95
CHEN, Frank Y p.70
CHEN, Gongyu p.48
CHEN, Guan‐Li p.89
CHEN, Hsiao Ching p.68
CHEN, Huifen p.57
CHEN, Huimin p.54
CHEN, Hung‐Yi p.66
CHEN, Jian p.
CHEN, Jih‐An p.92
CHEN, Jin p.44, 65
CHEN, Kai‐Ying p.81
CHEN, L. T. p.103
CHEN, Ling‐Hsiu p.89
CHEN, Long‐Sheng p.56
CHEN, Mingchih p.93
CHEN, Mu‐Chen p.56, 81
CHEN, P.K. p.47
CHEN, Pei‐Chi p.59
CHEN, Rongqiu p.49, 65
CHEN, Rui p.52
CHEN, Shou p.46, 47
CHEN, Tsung‐Yi p.104
CHEN, Wen‐chen p.47
CHEN, Xiaohong p.98, 100
CHEN, Xuhui p.96
CHEN, Yidong p.60
CHEN, Ying‐Yen p.91
CHEN, Yow Mow p.76
CHEN, Yue‐Yang p.41
CHEN, Yuh‐Min p.104
CHEN, Yun p.100
CHEN, Yun xiang p.54
CHEN, Yung‐Hsin p.47
CHENG, Alfred Li‐Pin p.96
CHENG, Chun‐Yuan p.57, 93
CHENG, Han‐Chung p.97
CHENG, Li‐Ping p.54
CHENG, Liwei p.85

B
B. KHOT, Sandeep p.48
BAARS, Henning p.42
BAHN, Sangwoo p.90
BAI, Jing p.53
BAI, Li p.93
BAI, Zhonghang p.75
BANKI, Mohammad Taghi p.58
BARZINPOUR, Farnaz p.87
BASHIR, Hamdi p.58
BASSETTO, Samuel p.84
BAYRAM, Armagan p.64
BECKHAUS, Arne p.88
BENNIS, Fouad p.66
BENYOUCEF, Lyes p.48
BERMAN, Oded p.91
BHUIYAN, Nadia p.58
BHUSHI, Umesh p.65, 81
BI, Luyan p.104
BI, Ran p.52
BISONO, Indriati N. p.98
BISWAS, Saroj p.93
BONJOUR, Eric p.59
BOSE, Indranil p.43
BOUABANA‐TEBIBEL, Thouraya p.80
BOURAS, Abdelaziz p.41
BOZORGZAD, Ahmad Ali p.98
BREMEN, Philipp p.61, 47, 88
BU, Xiangzhi p.49
BUSSE, Tim p.53
BUYUKOZKAN, Gulcin p.46
BYUN, Jeoung Woo p.85

106

CHENG, Weiqing p.104
CHENG, YiLi p.76
CHENG, Yu‐Shan p.89
CHENG, Yuyen p.57
CHIANG, Johannes K. p.47, 68, 94
CHIANG, Jui Hsiang p.76
CHIANG, Yu‐Chen p.76
CHIANG, Yueh‐Ming p.89
CHIEN, Yu‐Hung p.92
CHIOU, Richard p.85
CHIU, Anthony SF p.76
CHIU, Chih Chou p.78
CHOI, Hoogon p.86
CHOU, Feng‐Chin p.47
CHOU, Hsiao‐Ying p.56
CHOU, Hsin‐Chuan p.56
CHOU, Shuo‐Yan p.97
CHU, Chih‐Hsing p.97
CHU, Hui‐Chuan p.104
CHUANG, Shan‐Ping p.102
CHUNG, William p.74
CLAUSEN, Uwe p.48
COOK, Deborah F. p.78
CRAINIC, Teodor G. p.74
CRUZ‐MACHADO, Virgilio p.61, 69, 94
D
DA GAMA, Victoria p.67
DAI, Ting‐Jung p.51
DAI, Yusen p.45
DALESSANDRO, Don p.93
DANDAGI, Shivaprasad p.65
DANGELMAIER, Manfred p.63
DAO, Thien‐My p.85
DASHTI, Mohammad Ali p.50, 51
DAUTZENBERG, Kirsti p.69
DAUZERE‐PERES, Stephane p.49
DAVIS, John p.79
DENG, Jian‐Lun p.102
DENG, Xinguo p.104
DESOUZA, Daniel p.43
DING, Hua p.70
DING, Jianguo p.61
DING, Shuquan p.42
DISSEL, Marcel p.41
DODANGEH, Javad p.51
DONG, Ming p.84
DONG, Qing p.93
DU, Donglei p.82
DU, Jun p.97
DU, Shichang p.83
DUFFUAA, Salih p.83
DULMET, Maryvonne p.59
DUNNE, Tim p.57
E
EGAWA, Akira p.95
EGAWA, Hiroshi p.95
EGHBALI, Neda p.94
ELMI, Amir p.81
ENGELBRECHT, Andries P. p.54
ERKAN, Tugce p.75
ERSOY, Mehmet Sakir p.46
ESMAEELI, Behzad p.58
F
FAN, Liwei p.53
FAN, Zao p.45
FANG, Chung‐Hsuing p.89

FANG, Lina p.104
FANG, Quangen p.43
FARJAMI, Yaghob p.50
FAROOQUIE, Jamal p.62
FAROOQUIE, Parveen p.59
FENG, Cheng‐Min p.101
FENG, Fan p.40
FENG, Ying p.71
FERRESE, Frank p.93
FEYZ, Adel p.58
FEYZIOGLU, Orhan p.46
FINK, Rafael p.99
FISCHER, Xavier p.66
FISSER, Frank p.78
FONG, Cher‐Min p.77
FOWLER, John p.78
FRANCE, Dan p.79
FRANK, Lauri p.66
FRIZON DE LAMOTTE, Florent p.75
FRONIA, Philip p.78
FU, Qing p.72
FUJIMURA, Kaori p.45
FUNK, Jeffrey p.40
G
GAO, Fan p.45
GAO, Jinyong p.73
GAO, Qin p.45
GAO, Yun‐hong p.104
GARCIA‐LAGUNA, Juan p.101
GARG, Arun p.90
GASPARIN, Henry p.81
GEISKOPF, François p.62
GEMELLI, Nathaniel p.79
GENG, Lixiao p.42
GEORGILAS, Ioannis p.83
GERSHWIN, Stanley p.49
GHADERI, Farid p.75, 101
GHANNADPOUR, S.Farid p.73
GHAREHGOZLI, Amir Hossein p.72
GHAZAVI, Sean p.82
GHAZINOORY, Sepehr p.87
GHOLAMI, Saiedeh p.86
GHOLIPOUR KANANI, Yousef p.98
GHOSEIRI, Keivan p.73, 74
GOH, Thong Ngee p.57, 60, 84
GONEN, Amnon p.60
GONG, Lin p.86
GOTO, Hiroyuki p.81
GOUW, Gerard p.58
GRILO, Antonio p.94
GROBLER, Jacomine p.54
GROVER, Sandeep p.69
GRUNOW, Martin p.99
GU, Jiajun p.45
GUAN, Hai‐ling p.66
GUAN, Zailin p.78
GUENTHER, Hans‐Otto p.99
GUHA, Shion p.59
GUIZZI, L p.90
GUMUSSOY, Cigdem Altin p.41, 64
GUNAWAN, G. p.55
GUO, Bin p.42
GUO, Guilin p.56, 60
GUO, Huairui p.84
GUO, Jianhui p.76
GUO, Mei p.72, 100
GUO, Peijun p.77
GUO, Renkuan p.57, 93
GUO, Shin‐Ming p.87
GURUMURTHY, Anand p.61

HALIM, Tony p.91
HÄMÄLÄINEN, Päivi p.43
HAMMADI, S. p.73
HAN, Gengyou p.66
HAN, Jin p.79
HAN, Shucheng p.65
HANG, C C p.40, 105
HAO, Liya p.83
HAZRA, Jishnu p.70
HEIMANN, Bernhard p.48
HELANDER, Martin p.63
HELO, Petri p.63
HERNANDEZ, Patricio p.60
HIDAJAT, Ubuh Buchara p.69
HLAOITTINUN, Onanong p.59
HLAOUI BENDALY, Yousra p.80
HO, Chengter p.77
HO, Chin Heng p.90
HO, Chung‐Yen p.102
HO, Pi Lan p.62
HOOT, Nathan p.79
HOOY, Chee Wooi p.42
HOSSEIN MIRZAEI, Ali p.86
HOU, Cheng‐I p.101, 102
HOU, Tung‐Hsu p.96
HSIEH, Yao‐Hung p.68
HSIN, Chia p.75
HSU, Chia‐Wei p.99
HSU, Chun F. p.52
HSU, Fei‐Hao p.56
HSU, Shu‐Chen p.76
HSU, Tsung‐Shin p.102
HSU, Yuanjia p.56
HU, Allen p.99
HU, Bei p.45
HU, Lichen p.95
HU, Shenping p.43
HU, Wei p.64
HU, Yanrong p.54
HUANG, Chiao Tzu p.40
HUANG, Chi‐Cheng p.105
HUANG, Ching‐Jen p.55, 40
HUANG, Chun‐Jung p.73
HUANG, Huei‐Chuen p.52
HUANG, Hui‐Ling p.41
HUANG, Jianguo p.53
HUANG, Jincai p.104
HUANG, Kenny p.68
HUANG, Min p.62
HUANG, Rong‐Hwa p.101
HUANG, Shian‐Chang p.103
HUANG, Shien‐Ping p.78
HUANG, Shih‐Miao p.45
HUANG, Szu‐Chi p.101
HUANG, Tien‐Tsai p.69
HUANG, Tzu‐Jung p.105
HUANG, Yi p.80
HUANG, Yuyun p.60
HUMPHREYS, Paul p.48
HUNG, Chia‐Liang p.96
HUNG, Hsu‐Feng p.52, 46
HUYNH, Quoc Hung p.75
I
IAMRATANAKUL, Supachart p.60
IRANMANESH, Hossein p.58, 59
ISKANIUS, Päivi p.72
ISLAM, Sardar p.42, 75
ISOGAI, Rina p.62
J

H
H.N., Suresh p.77
HA, Duy Long p.75
HADDAD, Assed p.43
HAFIZ, Abdullah Mohd. Khalid p.104
HALIM, Siana p.98

JAIN, Sandeep p.46
JAIN, Vipul p.48
JALALI, Gholam reza p.60
JALALI, Seyed Mohammad Javad p.90, 91
JALILI, Monire p.59
JANG, Seung‐Cheol p.84
JARDIM‐GONCALVES, Ricardo p.94

JAVALAGI, Channappa p.65, 81
JEMNI BENAYED, Leila p.80
JEONG, Hwa‐Young p.85
JHENG, Yu‐Du p.64
JIA, He p.67
JIANG, Hongxun p.84
JIANG, Hui p.51
JIANG, Ping p.61, 42, 87
JIANG, Renyan p.92
JIANG, Xiaoyue p.82
JIAO, Roger p.63, 63, 97
JIAO, Yuan‐Yuan p.97
JIN, Kai p.83
JIN, Xianfei p.72
JIN, Xiaoning p.70
JING, Sun p.72
JO, Jang Hyeon p.90
JOU, Yung‐Tsan p.68
JUNG, Mooyoung p.48, 78
K
KAEWKUEKOOL, Sittichai p.44, 87
KAJKAMHAENG, Supasit p.79
KAKU, Ikou p.77
KALOS, Preetam p.96
KANAMA, Daisuke p.105
KANG, Chao‐Chung p.101
KANG, Ruogu p.45
KANNEGIESSER, Matthias p.99
KANT, R. p.66
KAO, I‐Wei p.94
KAO, Yi‐Tung p.75
KAPELLUSCH, Jay p.90
KARA, Sami p.104
KARG, Lars p.88
KARIM, A N Mustafizul p.104
KATUEVA, Yaroslava p.82
KAUT, Michal p.74
KAYIS, A/Prof Berman p.104
KE, Weiming p.83
KELLY, Lori p.79
KEMPER, Hans‐Georg p.42
KESS, Pekka p.72
KHADIVAR, Ameneh p.90, 91
KHAMJAN, Sakda p.70
KHAN, Javed p.59
KHANI, Mehdi p.91
KHORSHIDI, Soheil p.89
KIM, Jongseong p.86
KIM, Jongwook p.53
KIM, Kwanwoo p.102
KIM, Song‐Kyoo p.56
KIMIAGARI, Salman p.59
KIVISTÖ‐RAHASTO, Jouni p.56
KLEMM, Peter p.86
KODALI, Rambabu p.61
KOENIG, Joel p.62
KOHLBACHER, F. p.40
KONDO, Akio p.105
KOO, Benjamin p.80
KOSTAMOVAARA, Henry p.67
KOUKI, Zoulel p.73
KRASS, Dmitry p.91
KSOURI, M p.73
KULATHURAMAIYER, Narayanan p.63
KULKARNI, Prafulla p.85
KUMAR, Arun p.68, 97
KUMAR, Ashok p.69
KUMAR, Dinesh p.48
KUMAR, Pradeep p.48
KUMAR, Rajesh p.46
KUO, Wei‐Lun p.57
KWON, Yongjin (James) p.85
KYLLÖNEN, Sami p.63
L
LAEMLAKSAKUL, Vanchai p.44, 87
LAI, Ching‐Hsiang p.51

107

LAI, Hong‐Feng p.102
LAI, Kin Keung p.46, 47
LAJIS, M. Amri p.104
LAN, Tian‐Syung p.102
LASI, Heiner p.42
LEE, Cheol p.90
LEE, Chun‐Teh p.42
LEE, Ho‐Joong p.84
LEE, Hsien‐Da p.76
LEE, Joahanna p.55
LEE, Keon Myung p.66
LEE, Kyunghuy p.48
LEE, Moon‐Kyu p.71
LEE, Sang‐Heon p.48
LEE, Seongkon p.53
LEMASTER, Richard p.81
LEU, Jai‐Houng p.101, 102
LEUNG, Alvin p.43
LEVIN, Scott p.79
LI, Bing p.104
LI, Bo p.95
LI, Chunfa p.88
LI, Haiqiu p.42
LI, Hui‐Fen p.67
LI, J. p.44
LI, Jia p.40
LI, Jianfeng p.104
LI, Jun p.42
LI, Kun p.54
LI, Kunpeng p.72
LI, Li p.49, 65
LI, Lijie p.86
LI, Ling p.104
LI, Xiang p.82
LI, Xiang‐dong p.42
LI, Yanfu p.84
LI, Yi‐bo p.104
LI, Yuxiang p.99
LI, Zhaoshi p.77
LI, Zhizhong p.44, 45
LIANG, Laixin p.60
LIANG, Liang p.65
LIANG, Lijun p.45
LIAO, Chi‐Horng p.62
LIAO, Li‐Man p.55
LIAO, Pen‐Yuan p.103
LIAO, Wenzhu p.75
LIAO, Wu p.54
LIM, Pheichin p.63
LIM, Tae‐Jin p.84
LIM, Tek Yong p.63
LIM, Yee Soon p.58
LIMNARARAT, Sunpasit p.98
LIN, Bo‐Da p.95
LIN, Chih‐Chang p.51
LIN, Ching‐Torng p.42, 76
LIN, Chin‐Huang p.41
LIN, Chin‐Tsai p.54
LIN, Hsiang‐Chih p.89
LIN, Jianjun p.95
LIN, Peishan p.103
LIN, Tyrone T. p.54
LIN, Wen‐Chih p.64
LIN, Yi‐Chun p.81
LIN, Yuan Hsu p.62, 76
LIN, Yuan‐Hsu p.76
LIN, Yu‐Jing p.97
LIN, Ziyu p.104
LING, Yun p.43
LIOU, Dian Yan p.41
LIOU, Justin. D. p.41
LIU, Bor‐Shong p.45
LIU, Changbin p.69
LIU, Cheng‐Li p.90
LIU, Chunping p.66
LIU, Dacheng p.70
LIU, Fang p.75, 98
LIU, Hongjiu p.54
LIU, Hsiang‐Chuan p.64
LIU, Jinping p.101
LIU, Ming p.102
LIU, Rong p.100

108

LIU, Te‐Hsien p.54
LIU, Tsai‐Pei p.41, 87
LIU, Yifan p.51
LIU, Yung Ching p.90
LIU, Zhong p.104
LIU, Zhongyuan p.96
LIUM, Arnt‐Gunnar p.74
LO, Chiao‐Fang p.103
LO, Chien‐Hung p.45
LO, Chih‐Chung p.46, 51
LO, Chih‐Yao p.101, 102
LO, Mei‐Chen p.54
LONG, Kejun p.91
LU, Chi‐Jie p.78
LU, Fuqiang p.62
LU, Huei‐Fu p.49
LU, Huitian p.83
LU, Jianping p.48
LU, Jinfu p.65
LU, Jun p.96
LU, Qiang p.67
LU, Yiping p.81, 97
LUH, Yuan‐Ping p.97
LUOMA, Eetu p.66
LUONG, Lee p.48, 71
LUR, Yung‐Yih p.50
M
M. KHALID, Halimahtun p.63
MA, Daw p.61
MA, Lin p.82, 92
MA, Rufei p.60
MA, Xiaohe p.104
MA, Yi‐zhong p.82
MACCARTHY, Bart p.46, 47
MACDONALD, Alasdair p.79
MAGUIRE, Liam p.48
MAHADEVAN, B p.70
MAHDAVI, Mohamad p.80
MAHDAVI, Mojtaba p.80
MAHDIANI KHOTBESARA, Rahman
p.87
MAHMOODZADEH, Soheil p.73, 88
MAKUI, Ahmad p.60, 86
MANZONI, Alex p.42
MARASHI, Emad p.79
MARAVELAKIS, Petros p.57
MARIAN, Romeo p.71
MARX, Roberto p.44
MASAROTTO, Guido p.57
MASRUROH, Nur Aini p.78
MATHEW, Joseph p.82, 92
MATSUI, M. p.72
MATT, Dominik T p.87
MAZHELIS, Oleksiy p.53
MCIVOR, Ronan p.48
MEHDIZADEH, Esmaeil p.46
MEILER, Markus p.99
MEJÍA‐GUTIÉRREZ, Ricardo p.66
MELISSA, p.98
MENEZES, Mozart p.91
MENG, Jingjuan p.97
MENG, Xiaojun p.95
MESGARI MASHHADI, Mostafa p.75
MESGARI MASHHADI, Mostafa p.55
MESSENI PETRUZZELLI, Antonio p.72
MICHNIK, Jerzy p.54
MILI, Aymen p.84
MILOSEVIC, Dragan p.60
MOGI, Gento p.53
MOHAPATRA, Asit p.62
MOIN, Noor Hasnah p.72
MOJIBI, Toraj p.89
MOJIR, Navid p.59
MOORE, J. Steven p.90
MORABBI, Arash p.71, 92
MORAVVEJI, Sayed Sajjad p.94
MOVARREI, Reza p.72
MUJAHID, Syed p.83
MUKHERJEE, Indrajit p.51

MÜLLER‐SEITZ, Gordon p.69
MUN, Jungtae p.48, 78
MUYLDERMANS, Luc p.46, 47
N
N, Rajeev p.98
NADIMI, Reza p.50, 75
NAGAI, Hiromasa p.81
NAKAGAWA, Toshio p.93
NAKAMURA, Syouji p.93
NAKHAI KAMALABADI, Isa p.86
NANDURKAR, Keshav p.96
NARASIMALU, Srikanth p.105
NASRI, Azam p.82
NAVALE, L. G. p.96
NAZABADI, Mohammad Reza p.81
NAZAROV, Dmitry p.82
NENONEN, Sanna p.56
NEUBERT, Gilles p.41
NEZAFTI, Navid p.90
NG, Adam T.S. p.78
NG, Kien Ming p.74
NGUYEN, Hoang Linh p.77
NI, Cheng p.63
NIELSEN, Sven Hvid p.89
NING, Ruxin p.95
NIU, Jia p.60, 77
NOLTING, Michael p.69
NYHUIS, Peter p.53, 78
O
OEHMEN, Josef p.61, 47, 88
OJANEN, Ville p.68
ONG, Hoon Liong p.74
ONG, Kein Wei p.105
ONO, Shuichiro p.95
ONUMA, Masaru p.81
ORTIZ, Albert p.93
OUZROUT, Yacine p.41
P
PAI, Ping‐Feng p.100
PAN, Chih‐Chin p.97
PAN, Chong p.82
PAN, Ershun p.75
PAN, Rong p.84
PANAHI, Hadi p.91
PARIAZAR, Mahmood p.73
PARIAZAR, Mahmood p.71, 88, 92
PARK, Young C. p.49
PATHUMNAKUL, Supachai p.70
PENG, Hong p.63
PENG, Jisheng p.65
PENG, Peng p.45
PENG, Xinmin p.56, 42, 64
PENG, Yunfang p.78
PHARSIYAWAR, Shreeshail p.65
PICHITLAMKEN, Juta p.79
PIEWTHONGNGAM, Kullapapruk p.70,
103
PILKINGTON, Alan p.66
PILLET, M. p.90
PIRI, Fatemeh p.51
PIRMORADI, Zhila p.59
PIRNAZAR, Nasim p.50
POH, Kim Leng p.53, 78
PRALUS, M. p.90
PRETORIUS, Leon p.79, 87
PRETORIUS, Tinus p.40
PROBERT, David p.41
PUANGDOWNREONG, Deacha p.98
PURANIK, Vinod p.84

Q
QI, Jing‐yu p.66
QIAN, Yan‐Jun p.60
QIAN, Yin p.88
QIN, Guanhua p.92
QIN, Hua p.44
QIN, Xiansheng p.53, 54
QURESHI, M.N. p.48
QURESHI, Zahid p.43, 48
R
R, SudhakaraPandian p.85
RABBANI, Masoud p.72
RACHAVONG, C. p.87
RAHMAN, Anisur p.49
RAJ, Piyush p.78
RAJABZADEH, Ali p.91
RAMDASS, Kem p.87
RAU, P.L. Patrick p.44, 45
RAVANSHADNIA, Mehdi p.58
RAY, Amitava p.52
RAY, Pradip Kumar p.51
RAY, Thomas p.82
RAZA, Syed Asif p.58
REAL, Romain p.90
REDDY, Venkatarami p.92
REGER, Guido p.69
REN, Cuirong p.83
REN, Jie p.40
REN, Jin‐chan p.85
REN, Li‐cheng p.69
RIZWAN, Syed p.84
ROONEY, Alex C p.79
S
S, Saravanasankar p.85
S S, Mohapatra p.85
SADEGHI KEYNO, Hamid Reza p.101
SAGEBIEL, Hanno p.99
SAHPUTRA, Iwan Halim p.96
SAITO, Harumi p.45
SALAM, Adil p.58
SALAMAT, Vahid p.55
SALMAN, Sibel p.75
SALMI, Pekka p.68
SALONI, Daniel p.81
SALVENDY, Gavriel p.45
SANCAK, Emre p.75
SAN‐JOSÉ, Luis‐Augusto p.101
SANYAL, Subir p.52
SARHADI, Hassan p.74
SARKAR, Bijan p.52
SARMAH, Sarada Prasad p.70
SATO, Hitomi p.45
SAWADA, Kiyoshi p.50
SCHMIDT, Matthias p.78
SCHULTZ, Christian p.69
SCHWINDT, Christoph p.99
SEPPÄNEN, Marko p.67
SHA, D.Y. p.47
SHA, Quanyou p.54
SHAFIA, Mohammad Ali p.101
SHAHID, Muhammad Khalil p.40, 103
SHAHRABI, Jamal p.73, 71, 92
SHAKOURI G., Hamed p.50, 75
SHAMSUZZAMAN, Mohammad p.57
SHANKER, Kripa p.85
SHAO, Xinyu p.78
SHARIAT MOHAYMANY, Afshin p.50
SHARMA, Monica p.61
SHARMA, R R K p.74
SHE, Cheung‐Wo p.95
SHEN, Chun‐Ying p.97
SHEN, Songhua p.104
SHI, Guicheng p.67
SHIM, Sung p.68
SHIN, Hyun Joon p.71

SHIN, Moonsoo p.48, 78
SHIN, Sungchul p.53
SHOJI, Keisuke p.81
SHOU, Yongyi p.60
SHU, Tong p.46, 47
SHUAI, Jia‐Jane p.103
SIADAT, Ali p.84
SICILIA‐RODRIGUEZ, Joaquin p.101
SIMONETTI, Paulo Eduardo p.44
SINGH, M.D p.66
SINGH, Vikram p.69
SINHA, Santanu p.70
SIRIRAM, Rajenlall(Raj) p.68
SIVALINGA G, Ponnambalam p.85
SONG, Haiqing p.52, 48
SONG, Joobong p.90
SONG, Young Jae p.85
SONG, Yu p.95
SONNTAG, Michel p.62
SOON, Wan Mei p.73
SRIVASTAVA, Rajiv p.78
STAFFORD, Edward p.75
SU, Chi‐Hung p.96
SU, Hui‐yong p.60, 77
SU, Jian‐Wei p.97
SU, Yea‐Huey p.96
SU, Yi‐ Fen p.103
SU, Zheng p.51
SUH, Won Yong p.90
SUKSAWAT, Jakrapan p.103
SULIMAN, Saad M. A. p.93
SUMITA, Ushio p.62
SUN, C. H. p.95
SUN, Houfang p.86
SUN, Jianguang p.64, 73
SUN, Jung‐Wei p.97
SUN, Wenxiang p.65
SUN, Yong p.82, 92
SUN, Yuan p.56, 60, 42
SUREEPHONG, Pradorn p.41
SUSANTY, Aries p.69
SUWANNARONGSRI, Supaporn p.98
T
T.T., Narendran p.51
TABARI, Mojtaba p.89
TAKEDA, Takashi p.95
TAMMINENI, Satish p.81
TAN, Hui boon p.42
TAN, Kay Chuan p.67
TAN, Runhua p.61, 42, 64, 73, 75, 87, 98
TANG, Jia‐Da p.95
TANG, Lei p.46
TANG, Loon Ching p.91
TANG, Mei Ying p.105
TANG, Shoulian p.40, 103
TANG, Wei p.100
TANG, Ying p.71, 88
TANG, Zhongjun p.98
TANUGUR, Ayse Gonul p.87
TAO, Yan p.69
TAO, Yu‐Hui p.55
TAVAGHOF GIGLOO, Dariush p.101
TAVAKKOLI‐MOGHADDAM, Reza p.46,
72, 98, 91
TAVANA, Madjid p.79
TAVARES, Jose p.61
TENGLOLAI, Arunwadee p.103
THIA, C. p.98
THOUTOU, Sayi p.57
TIAN, Changdong p.45
TIAN, Qing p.48
TING, Ching‐Jung p.71
TIPPAYAWANNAKORN, Noocharin p.79
TOCKENBÜRGER, Lüder p.41
TOFIGHI, Maryam p.55
TONG, Shurong p.53, 54, 95, 100
TORKAMANI, Mohammad Ali p.88
TORKKELI, Marko p.68
TOURASSIS, Vassilios p.83, 78

TRAUTMANN, Norbert p.99
TSAI, Chi‐Yang p.94
TSAI, Kune‐muh p.47
TSENG, Bill p.85
TSENG, Fan p.75
TSENG, Fan‐Chen p.88, 94
TSENG, Ming‐Lang p.62, 76
TSENG, Mitchell p.97
TU, F. S. p.71
TYAN, Leewen p.103
TYRVÄINEN, Pasi p.53, 66
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UANG, Shiaw‐Tsyr p.90
UTHAYOPAS, Putchong p.79
V
VANNMAN, Kerstin p.57
VEDADI, Ahmad p.50
VENKATESWARAN, Jayendran p.81
VERMA, Priyanka p.74
VESSAL, Sara p.72
VIITALA, Erkki p.53
W
WALLACE, Stein W. p.74
WANG, Baihe p.53
WANG, Cheng‐Tzu p.51
WANG, Chih‐Hsuan p.96
WANG, Dan p.103
WANG, GuoXin p.81
WANG, Haiying p.70
WANG, Hongbo p.69
WANG, Hsiao‐Fan p.56, 73, 91
WANG, Jian‐Jun p.67
WANG, Jing p.99
WANG, Kai p.56
WANG, Kanliang p.69
WANG, Keqin p.95
WANG, L. p.44
WANG, Lingyun p.72
WANG, Liying p.44, 65
WANG, Miaoling p.54
WANG, Min p.93
WANG, Qiang p.70
WANG, Shidong p.51
WANG, Shouyang p.46, 47
WANG, Tien‐Chin p.76
WANG, Wei‐Ling p.40
WANG, Wendan p.53, 54
WANG, Wen‐Pai p.102
WANG, Xiaoyun p.61
WANG, Xingwei p.62
WANG, Xiujiang p.65
WANG, Xueqing p.101
WANG, Xun p.99
WANG, Xun p.43
WANG, Yi‐Chen p.94
WANG, YinChai p.63
WANG, Ying p.45
WANG, Yong p.104
WANG, Yonggui p.67
WANG, Yue p.97
WANGPHANICH, Pilada p.104
WATANABE, Chihiro p.68
WEE, Hui‐Ming p.68
WEI, Chun‐Chin p.103
WEI, Jinyu p.52
WEI, Meng‐Ying p.51
WEI, Wan‐Ru p.100
WEN, Ching‐Feng p.50
WEN, Peihan p.94
WENG, Wei‐Sheng p.64
WENG, Yi‐fei p.100
WESSELS, Arie p.79
WONG, Dominic p.51

109

WRIGGERS, Felix p.53
WRIGHT, Robert p.79
WU, Cheng‐Ting p.56
WU, Chuan‐Chun p.100
WU, Cui‐hua p.69, 66
WU, Der‐bang p.64
WU, Hsiao‐Chung p.66
WU, Hsien‐Jung p.95
WU, Hsin‐Hung p.103
WU, Kuang‐Yao p.102
WU, Kun‐Chih p.71
WU, Li‐Ming p.50
WU, Ming‐Ta p.89
WU, Qiang p.62, 65
WU, Su p.44, 45
WU, Szu‐Hui p.55
WU, Xuejing p.62
WU, Yan‐Kuen p.51
WU, Yu‐Lung p.55, 100
WU, Zhang p.57
X
XI, Lifeng p.83, 84, 75
XIANG, Yiming p.43
XIAO, Jian p.80
XIAO, Ruliang p.104
XIE, Min p.57, 84
XIU, Baoxin p.104
XU, Chunhui p.77
XU, Dongsheng p.71
XU, Jiuping p.52, 52
XU, Minghui p.70
XU, Qian p.86
XU, Qianli p.63
XU, Song p.44, 45
XU, Xianlong p.100
XU, Yongzhong p.44
XU, Zeshui p.
XUE, Yao‐wen p.66
Y
Y C WANG, William p.48
YAN, Guoqing p.64
YAN, Wen‐zhou p.60, 77
YAN, Xiutian p.53, 54
YAN, Yan p.81, 95
YAN, Zhenhua p.53
YANG, Bo p.82
YANG, Bojun p.42, 87
YANG, Chang‐Lin p.102, 101
YANG, Chyan p.55, 103
YANG, De‐Li p.67
YANG, Ho‐Li p.41
YANG, Jian Mei p.64
YANG, Jun p.83
YANG, Pei‐Chi p.55, 100
YANG, Wen‐Wei p.51
YANG, Xi p.63, 63
YANG, Xiaoguang p.91
YANG, Xiaoling p.78
YANG, Yongyan p.84
YANO, Hitoshi p.54
YAO, Zhong p.67
YE, Heng Qing p.73
YEH, Cheng Tah p.81
YEN, Eric p.68
YILDIRIM, Elif p.75
YOON, Chui Young p.66
YU, Gang p.101
YU, Hong‐Lei p.67
YU, Jian‐Bo p.84
YU, Jiang p.61
YU, Min p.86
YUM, Bong‐Jin p.102
YUN, Myung Hwan p.90

110

Z
ZAERI, Mohammad Saeed p.73, 71, 88, 92
ZAERPOUR, Nima p.72
ZAHARA, Erwie p.75
ZEINAL HAMADANI, Ali p.82
ZENG, Liang p.45
ZENG, Xin p.70
ZHANG, Haiyun p.57
ZHANG, Huangao p.42, 64
ZHANG, Jianhui p.64, 73
ZHANG, Jingbo p.69
ZHANG, Peng p.75, 98
ZHANG, Ruihong p.81
ZHANG, Sen‐yue p.104
ZHANG, Sheng‐lu p.48
ZHANG, Wei p.45
ZHANG, Weimin p.86
ZHANG, Weiming p.104
ZHANG, Xian Guo p.64
ZHANG, Xiang p.49, 65
ZHANG, Xiao p.40
ZHANG, Xu p.95
ZHANG, Yijing p.44
ZHANG, Ying p.56
ZHANG, Ying p.86
ZHANG, Yong‐yun p.69
ZHANG, Yuan p.52
ZHANG, Zhaoguo p.88
ZHANG, Zhihai p.51
ZHAO, Bo p.95
ZHAO, Butong p.65
ZHAO, Haiyan p.80
ZHAO, Hui p.101
ZHAO, Lihui p.52
ZHAO, Lindu p.46, 102, 103
ZHAO, Lingxuan p.61, 87
ZHAO, Qianyi p.44
ZHAO, Weilin p.68
ZHAO, Wenyan p.42
ZHAO, XiuLi p.72, 100
ZHAO, Xiuping p.87
ZHAO, Yingshuai p.97
ZHAO, Yuan p.103
ZHENG, Jianlong p.91
ZHENG, Li p.51, 80, 94
ZHONG, Hao‐qin p.44
ZHOU, Chuan p.79
ZHOU, Jian p.94
ZHOU, Juan p.65
ZHOU, Ling p.48
ZHOU, Lixin p.44
ZHOU, Peng p.53
ZHOU, Ronggang p.45
ZHOU, Weihua p.71, 88
ZHOU, Xiao‐hong p.60
ZHOU, Yingbo p.42, 64
ZHU, Fangwen p.56
ZHU, Huiming p.83
ZHU, JinFu p.72, 100
ZHU, Zhecheng p.74
ZHUANG, Pin p.103