2010 ALAK International Conference 参加報告
中野 美知子(早稲田大学)
2010 年 12 月 4 日に ALAK の年次大会が、高麗大学・International Studies Hall で開催された。大会テーマは Interdisciplinarity in Applied Linguistics で 2 年前から 2 ページのアブストラクトの提出が求められた。2010 年の 6 月にホームページ上で論文の提出が報じられたが、メールでのお知らせはなかった。当日は零下 2 度であったが、風がないため、寒くはなく、金浦空港まで、出迎えていただいたので、韓国語のできない筆者にはとてもありがたいことであった。
大会は 1 日だけにもかかわらず、発表件数が多く、参加者の質疑応答も熱心であった。招待
講演者はコロンビア大学の John Fanselow 名誉教授、神田外国語大学の Tim Murphy 氏及び韓国の Hallym 大学の Soyeung Pae 教授だった。招待講演者が Plenary Speech を40 分披露し、続いて Special Presentation(30 分)が 2 本あった。これ以外の一般発表はすべてパラレルセッションで、8 会場に分散していた。一般発表は一人 25 分であった。ポスター
発表 8 件、CALL 発表 8 件と 49 本の口頭発表があり、活発な意見交換があった。要するに一般発表は 65 本あったことになる。以下に基調講演のタイトルを記す。
Fanselow 教授、Hu?, Oh、Aha-generating EFL Teaching Practices based on insightsfrom observation of students and teacher interaction inside and outside of class,information processing and neuroscience
Murphy 氏、An interdisciplinary understanding of agency: Or, narrativizing thethrill of being at least partially in control.
Pae 教授、Bilingualism in Speech Pathology
会場に着くと、ALAK Cha 会長が出迎えてくださり、短い滞在ではあったが、心温かいもてなしを受けた。帰りは早稲田大学の留学生が金浦空港まで同行してくれたので、大いに助かった。
以下に、筆者の発表概要を記す。
English Language Education as an interdisciplinary applied linguistics
Michiko Nakano
Faculty of Education and Integrated Studies of Arts and Sciences
Director, Distance Learning Center
Waseda University
English Language Education has been regarded as stemming from Applied

Linguistics.

When we recall the research areas in World Congress of Applied

Linguistics, Applied Linguistics covers highly diverse areas of research: Linguistics(Morphology, Syntax, Semantics and Pragmatics), Sociolinguistics, Computer
Science, Educational Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Cognitive Psychology,
Teaching Methodologies, 1st and 2nd Language Acquisition, Corpus Linguistics,
Educational Technology, Lexicography, Testing and Assessment, Language Policy,
Classroom Researches, Individual Differences (Motivation, Strategies, Learning
Styles and Learning Preferences) Neurological Studies of Language processing,Language Communication, Language Contacts.

In fact, English Language

Education at the tertiary level relies on the major area of Applied Linguistics
almost unconsciously without any explicit awareness of commitments andinvolvement.

Let me illustrate my point.

Open Education Center at Waseda

University adopts three stages of English Education: (1) communicativecompetence-based English Tutorials, (2) Cross-Cultural theme-based courses which
are cross-cultural competence-based seminars dealing with Global and Social Issues,
Media and International Career Path and (3) Cyber Seminars whose topics are
World Englishes and Miscommunication, Toward establishing East Asian Union,
Free Trade Agreement, etc.

When the students study English following thisthree-staged education plan, they are instructed to go through pre-session tasks,
in-session tasks and post-session tasks as follows:
Ist Stage of English Language Education: English Tutorials
1 Pre-session Tasks


Computer Adaptive Placement Test: Web-based Test ofEnglish Communication (WeTEC)

Online Guidance based on Learners’ Individual Differences(Motivation, Strategies, Learning Styles, Speech Anxiety andClass-room Anxiety, and Learning Preferences)

At the first stage of English Tutorials, the students are grouped into six levels
according to the WeTEC scores.

To develop this test, we need knowledge ofClassical Test Theory as well as Item Response Theory and program architecture.
We estimate Item Discrimination, Item Difficulty, and Participant’s ability so that
we can implement Computer Adaptive Test. Item writing requires knowledge ofvocabulary levels, pragmatics, speech acts, conversation schema, grammaticalcomplexity, segmental phonetics, acoustic physics, prosody and Listening
Comprehension mechanisms.
Online Guidance based on Learners’ Individual Differences (IDs) requires

long-term researches into Motivation, Strategies, Learning Styles, Speech Anxiety
and Class-room Anxiety, and Learning Preferences so that each participant’s IDs
can be compared with standardized IDs to output relevant advice to eachparticipant. The long-term research includes factor analysis, confirmatory factoranalysis and SEM.
II Session Tasks (Lessons take place twice a week)Online Submission of Lesson Review Tasks ( Reflectionreports)

Tutor’s

onlineassessment

interms

ofparticipation,

preparation and mastery of two can-do functions
Tutor feedback to reflection papers submitted

On-line Unit Review Test, every 7th lessons

On-line CAN-DO mastery feedback

English Tutorials are based on descriptors given by Common European Frameworkof References (CEFR).

CEFR managed to define L2 proficiency in functional terms

so that the same descriptors can be used to define learning goals, develop learningmaterials and activities and to judge the success or otherwise of learning.

AtWaseda University, Nakano introduced CEFR into the framework of language
teaching at Open Education Center in 2001. We have modified teaching materials
and tasks every year so the all the language learning activities in English Tutorials
follow CEFR descriptors and guidelines.

In 2006 we started to validate

experimentally in order to justify a claim of linkage to the CEFR.
depth knowledge of Multi-faceted Rasch Model.

This required inAs for On-line Unit Review Test,

every 7th lessons, we used Neural Net Test Theory, in order to output a portion ofcan-do descriptors each participant managed to master.
III Post-session tasks
Online achievement testOnline Tutors Advice to individual students

We use WeTEC as Online achievement test, but we are now developing automatic
assessment of reading aloud test, self-introduction and oral discourse completiontasks.
In my presentation I will go through 2nd and 3rd stages of English Language
Education at Waseda University.

Some illustrations regarding the 1st stage suffice

to see that our method requires interdisciplinary trainings to accomplish oureducational objectives and goals which can satisfy our mission to educate ourstudents as global citizens who can talk and discuss current issues in the world.