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1,221Andrew Shao 6DELQH0HFNLQJ /X$QQH7KRPSVRQ , Rolf Sonnerup
12
8QLYHUVLW\RI:DVKLQJWRQ6HDWWOH:$86$ 6FKRRORI2FHDQRJUDSK\ $SSOLHG3K\VLFV/DERUDWRU\ -RLQW,QVWLWXWHIRUWKH6WXG\RI$WPRVSKHUHDQG2FHDQ

0RWLYDWLRQ:K\LVVDWXUDWLRQLPSRUWDQW"

Application: Transit Time Distributions 1700

Hallberg Isopycnal Model‫*נ‬OREDORFHDQRQO\LVRS\FQDOFRRUGLQDWHPRGHO‫נ‬OD\HUV LQPL[HGOD\HU‫;נ‬FHOOVRQKRUL]RQWDOJULG‫נ‬6SXQXSIRU\HDUV‫נ‬0RGHO‫ח‬VVXUIDFHG\QDPLFVPDWFKREVHUYDWLRQV
reasonably well&)&؉&)&؉
SF 6 *100600500
2001000 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010Year

250
20015010050

Solubility in Seawater S=35 PSU

0.0250
CFC−11CFC−12SF 6 *100.02
6ROXELOLW\ PRO/DWP‫נ‬,QIHU*UHHQ‫ח‬VIXQFWLRQIRURFHDQLFWUDQVSRUWRSHUDWRU
2‫&נ‬DQHVWLPDWHPHDQYHQWLODWLRQDJHVDQGDQWKURSRJHQLFFDUERQ‫נ‬2FHDQLFLQWHULRUFRQFHQWUDWLRQVFDQEHPHDVXUHGDFFXUDWHO\‫'נ‬LVHTXLOLEULXPLQERXQGDU\FRQGLWLRQFDQFDXVHHUURUV0RGHOHG:LQWHU0L[HG/D\HU'HSWK

0.015

0.01

0.005

Offtrac‫נ‬7UDFHUDGYHFWLRQGLIIXVLRQPRGHO ‫נ‬6ROXELOLWLHVF from empirical studies‫נ‬3LVWRQYHORFLW\ SDUDPHWHUL]HGDV‫נ‬0DVVWUDQVSRUWV76IURPTXDGUDWLFIXQFWLRQRIPRGHO‫ח‬VZLQG
physical model
speed scaled by Schmidt number 5‫נ‬7UDFHUXSWDNHPRGHOHGDV'6‫*נ‬OREDODYHUDJHVFDOHGWRFPKU
DLUVHDJDVH[FKDQJH

0510152025Temperature

Result: Spatial variability‫'נ‬LVHTXLOLEULXPGHFUHDVHVZLWKWLPH‫נ‬:DWHUVVDWXUDWHGGXULQJVXPPHUPRQWKV‫'נ‬LIIHUHQFHVEHWZHHQWUDFHUVDVVRFLDWHG
ZLWKVROXELOLW\DQGDWPRVSKHULFJURZWKFXUYH‫נ‬3UHVHQWGD\&)&XQGHUVDWXUDWLRQVSHUVLVW
despite decrease in atmospheric concentrations&)&؉:LQWHU6DWXUDWLRQ

10095

7LPH(YROXWLRQRI6DWXUDLWRQDW1(903HUFHQW6DWXUDWLRQ

100959085

85

3HUFHQW6DWXUDWLRQResult: Temporal variability

80

SF63HUFHQW6DWXUDWLRQ

1008095‫נ‬8QGHUVDWXUDWLRQRFFXUVLQHYHU\RFHDQEDVLQ‫נ‬2FFXUVLQUHJLRQVRIGHHSPL[HGOD\HUVVHDVRQDOFRROLQJDQGVWURQJXSZHOOLQJ

908580&)&؉‫'נ‬HJUHHRIXQGHUVDWXUDWLRQJUHDWHUWKDQ
measurement uncertainty‫&נ‬DQFDXVHVLJQLILFDQWELDVLQYHQWLODWLRQWLPHVFDOHV
if not considered

3HUFHQW6DWXUDWLRQ

10095908580

Result: Sensitivity of saturation to physical processes&)&؉


1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

(A)

(B)

(C)

100

Temperature (C)0Mixed Layer Depth (m)Piston Velocity (cm/hr)

4020355019183016251501520200

Feb

Apr-XQ

$XJ

2FW

250
Dec
Feb(D)

15121195)

100

17Apr-XQ

$XJ

2FW

Dec

10Feb

Apr-XQ

$XJ

2FW

(E)

(F)

Dec

‫נ‬,QWUDQQXDOYDULDELOLW\IURPVHDVRQDOLW\RIWHPSHUDWXUHVDOLQLW\SLVWRQYHORFLW\DQGPL[HG
layer depth‫נ‬0RQWKRIJUHDWHVWXQGHUVDWXUDWLRQ GDVKHGOLQH
DERYH GHSHQGHQWRQJUDGLHQWLQWHPSHUDWXUHDQG
PL[HGOD\HUGHSWK

References +DLQH7:1DQG70+DOO  $JHQHUDOL]HGWUDQVSRUWWKHRU\:DWHUPDVVFRPSRVLWLRQDQGDJH-RXUQDORI3K\VLFDO2FHDQRJUDSK\   :DXJK':+DOO700F1HLO%,.H\5DQG0DWHDU5-  $QWKURSRJHQLF
&2LQWKHRFHDQVHVWLPDWHGXVLQJWUDQVLWWLPHGLVWULEXWLRQV7HOOXV%‫ד‬ %XOOLVWHU-/'3:LVHJDUYHUDQG)$0HQ]LD  7KHVROXELOLW\RIVXOIXU
KH[DIOXRULGHLQZDWHUDQGVHDZDWHU'HHS6HD5HVHDUFK3DUW,2FHDQRJUDSKLF5HVHDUFK3DSHUV   :DUQHU0-DQG5):HLVV  6ROXELOLWLHVRIFKORURIOXRURFDUERQDQG
FKORURIOXRURFDUERQLQZDWHUDQGVHDZDWHU'HHS6HD5HVHDUFK3DUWD2FHDQRJUDSKLF5HVHDUFK3DSHUV   :DQQLQNKRI5  5HODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQZLQGVSHHGDQGJDVH[FKDQJHRYHUWKHRFHDQ-RXUQDORI*HRSK\VLFDO5HVHDUFK2FHDQV & 
 6ZHHQH\&(*ORRU$5-DFREVRQ50.H\*0F.LQOH\-/6DUPLHQWRDQG5:DQQLQNKRI5  &RQVWUDLQLQJJOREDODLUVHDJDVH[FKDQJHIRU&2ZLWKUHFHQWERPE &PHDVXUHPHQWV*OREDO%LRJHRFKHPLFDO&\FOHV   %URHFNHU:6-5/HGZHOO77DNDKDVKL5:HLVV/0HUOLYDW/0HPHU\7+3HQJ
%-DKQHDQG.20XQQLFK  ,VRWRSLFYHUVXVPLFURPHWHRURORJLFRFHDQ&2IOX[HVDVHULRXVFRQIOLFW-*HRSK\V5HV & ‫ד‬90&)&3HUFHQW6DWXUDWLRQ

Seasonal Cycle
21

Depth (m)Tracer Atmospheric History

Atmospheric Concentration (ppt)

CFCs, SF6 as tracers of circulation‫נ‬.QRZQDWPRVSKHULFPL[LQJUDWLRKLVWRU\‫נ‬6ROHRFHDQLFVRXUFHDLUVHDJDVH[FKDQJH‫נ‬,QHUWLQWKHRFHDQLFLQWHULRU‫נ‬3UHVHQWLQPHDVXUDEOHFRQFHQWUDWLRQV0RGHO'HVFULSWLRQ

85

Numerical Experiments
Undersaturation sensitivity (North Pacific)(A) Control run: described above‫נ‬3LVWRQYHORFLWLHV FRQWUROPDJQLWXGHRIXQGHUVDWXUDWLRQ %&(B)scaled to 15.9 cm/hr, annual mean ‫נ‬,QDUHDVRIGHHSPL[HGOD\HUVDQGVWURQJFRROLQJKLJKHUZLQG(C)
scaled to 21.7 cm/hr, annual mean 7 speeds drive waters closer to saturation in winter (A, B)(D) No seasonal cycle in T/S‫נ‬6HDVRQDOYDULDELOLW\DQGPL[HGOD\HUHQWUDLQPHQWDUHWKHGRPLQDQW(E) No conc. difference in entrained waters causes of saturation (D, E, F)(F) Both (d) and (e)Discussion
Summary‫נ‬:HSUHVHQWJOREDOPDSVRIVDWXUDWLRQIRU&)&
CFC-12, and SF6‫נ‬2FHDQLFYHQWLODWLRQVLWHVZLWKGHHSZLQWHUPL[HGOD\HUV
tend to be undersaturated‫נ‬6HDVRQDOF\FOHDQGHQWUDLQPHQWFRQWUROXQGHUVDWXUDWLRQDERXWHTXDOFRQWULEXWLRQLQ1RUWK3DFLILF

Future Work‫נ‬8VHKLQGFDVWVIURPSK\VLFDOUXQWRLQWURGXFH
interannual variability‫נ‬4XDQWLI\WKHHIIHFWRIDQXQGHUVDWXUDWHGERXQGDU\RQHVWLPDWHGYHQWLODWLRQDJHVDQGDQWKURSRJHQLF&2 26XUIDFH2FHDQ/RZHU$WPRVSKHUH6WXG\0D\