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Joint Crediting Mechanism Approved Methodology MV_AM002“Installation of Energy Management System, Battery Energy Storage System (EMSBESS) and Solar PV System”
A. Title of the methodology
Installation of Energy Management System, Battery Energy Storage System (EMS-BESS) andSolar PV System, Ver 01.0

B. Terms and definitions
Terms

Definitions

Solar photovoltaic (PV) system

An electricity generation system which converts sunlightinto electricity by the use of photovoltaic (PV) modules.
The system also includes ancillary equipment such as
inverters required to change the electrical current fromdirect current (DC) to alternating current (AC).

Energy Management System

The EMS is a system composed of server and software(EMS)

which can forecast the electricity load and PV generationand to conduct Economic Load Dispatching Control bycontrolling the thermal power such as diesel generator(s)(DG) and Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) forefficient system operation.

Battery Energy Storage System

The BESS is a system consisted of power converter(s) and(BESS)

connected group of battery cell which charges anddischarges itself by converting electrical energy into
chemical energy. The BESS is controlled by EMS for
efficient charging and discharging.

Diesel Generator (DG)

The DG is an electricity generator which uses diesel oil.
Most of the electricity in Maldives is generated by DG. The
efficiency of the DG is high in 80-100% load and decreases
in the lower load range.

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C. Summary of the methodology
Items
GHG

emission

Summary
reduction Displacement of grid electricity and/or captive electricity bymeasuresinstallation and operation of solar PV system(s), EMS andBESS.

Calculationofreference Reference emissions are calculated on the basis of the amountemissionsof the electricity displaced by the project by the conservativeemission factor of the grid and captive electricity.

Calculation

ofproject Project emissions are the emissions from the solar PV system(s)emissionsand the storage battery system(s), which are assumed to be zero.

Monitoring parameters

The quantity of the electricity generated by the project solar PVsystem(s).

D. Eligibility criteria
This methodology is applicable to projects that satisfy all of the following criteria.
Criterion 1EMS, BESS and solar PV system(s) are newly installed to replace a grid and/orcaptive electricity which is sourced at least from, but not limited to multiple
fossil fuel thermal power units such as DGs.

Criterion 2

Installed EMS is equipped with economic load dispatching control function andload frequency control which controls diesel generators and BESS based on
projections of electric-load/demand and output of solar PV system(s).

Criterion 3

The equipment to monitor output power of the solar PV system(s) is installedat the project site.

Criterion 4

Data of fuel consumption and fuel consumed before activation of EMS andBESS is available for each fossil fuel thermal power units such as DG(s) in thepower station. The data is to be collected monthly for at least one year.

Criterion 5

The PV modules need to be certified for design qualifications (IEC 61215, IEC61646 or IEC 62108) and safety qualification (IEC 61730-1 and IEC 61730-2).

Criterion 6

In the case of replacing the existing storage battery system (s), a plan is preparedin which mercury used in the existing storage battery system (s) is not released
to the environment. Execution of the prevention plan is checked at the time ofverification, in order to confirm that mercury used for the existing one replacedby the project is not released to the environment.

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E. Emission Sources and GHG types
Reference emissions
Emission sources

GHG types

Consumption of grid electricity and/or captive electricity

CO2

Project emissions
Emission sources

GHG types

Generation of electricity from the solar PV system(s)N/AF. Establishment and calculation of reference emissions
F.1. Establishment of reference emissions
Being an island country, almost all the islands generate its own electricity mainly by diesel
generators (DG) and all grids in the Maldives are isolated.
It is studied that without EMS-BESS, the efficiency of DG connected to mini-grids in theMaldives is decreased after the installation of solar PV system by 1) lower load operation of
the DG and 2) absorption of solar fluctuation by the DG. In addition, 3) EMS and BESS can
operate the DG at the most efficient load by the Economic Load Dispatching Control.
This methodology evaluates the improvement of the efficiency of DG by the contribution ofEMS-BESS as above by setting the different emission factor from MV_AM001 which
considers only PV installation.
To ensure the net emission reductions, the best efficiency among the installed fossil fuel thermal
power units such as DG(s) in the grid and/or captive electricity is adopted to calculate theemission factor of the grid and/or captive electricity. The best efficiency is calculated from therecord of generated power (kWh) and consumed fuel (liter) taken from the production reportof electricity company or power producer (at least one-year data). When available, recorded
data before the installation of solar PV system(s) in the grid are applied.
F.2. Calculation of reference emissions

RE୮ = ෍ EG୧,୮ × EFୖ୉୧3

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REp: Reference emissions during the period p [tCO2/p]

EGi,p: The quantity of the electricity generated by the project solar PV system i during
the period p [MWh/p]

EFRE: The reference CO2 emission factor of grid and captive electricity [tCO2/MWh]

G. Calculation of project emissions
PEp = 0PEp

: Project emissions during the period p [tCO2/p]

H. Calculation of emissions reductions
ERp = REp − PEp= REp
ERp: Emission reductions during the period p [tCO2/p]

REp: Reference emissions during the period p [tCO2/p]

PEp: Project emissions during the period p [tCO2/p]

I. Data and parameters fixed ex ante
The source of each data and parameter fixed ex ante is listed as below.
Parameter
EFRE

Description of data

SourceThe reference CO2 emission factor of grid and Additional information
captive electricity, calculated based on the The reference emission factor
actual efficiency of the most efficient fossil is derived from the result of thefuel thermal power unit connected. In case survey on the actual efficiency
there are fossil fuel thermal power units using of the most efficient DG
multiple fuel types, the efficiency needs to be connected to the grid. The
compared based on tCO2/MWh of each unit actual efficiency is set based onfollowing the formula below.

the data for at least one year.
The emission factor is equal toEFRE can be calculated from following or less than 0.8 tCO2/MWh.

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formula.

(1)

Generated

electricity

amount per period by the most‫ܨܧ‬ோா =ܰ‫ܨܧ × ܸܥ‬ௗ × ‫ܨܥ‬‫ܩܧ‬௝,௤൘‫ × ܥܨ‬1,000
௝,௤

efficient fossil fuel thermalpower unit [kWh](2) Consumed fuel amount per(1) EGj,q: Generated electricity amount per period q by the most efficientperiod q by the most efficient fossil fuel fossil fuel thermal power unit
thermal power unit j [kWh/q][unit, (in case of DG, litre)](2) FCj,q: Consumed fuel amount per period (3) Net calorific value of fossil
q by the most efficient fossil fuel thermal fuel: IPCC default values at thepower unit j [unit/q]

lower limit in Table 1.2 of(3) NCV: Net calorific value of fossil fuel Chapter 1 of Vol. 2 of the[GJ/t]“2006 IPCC Guidelines for(4) EFd: Default emission factor of fossil National GHG Inventories”,
fuel [kgCO2/GJ]

Lower value is applied (diesel(5) CF: Conversion factor of fossil fuel oil: 41.4 GJ/t)[kg/unit](4) Default emission factors offossil

fuelinorderofpreference:a) values provided by the fuelsupplier;b)measurement

bythe

project participants;c) regional or national default
values;d)

IPCC

default

valuesprovided in tables 1.4 of Ch.1
Vol.2 of 2006 IPCC Guidelines
on National GHG Inventories.
Lower value is applied (dieseloil: 72.6 kgCO2/GJ).
(5) Conversion factor of fossil
fuel [kg/unit] in order ofpreference:a) value provided by fuelsupplier
Maldives;

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orassociationin

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project participants;c) regional or national default
value;d)valuePetroleum

providedbyAssociationofJapan (diesel oil: 0.85 kg/litre).

History of the document
Version01.0

Date

Contents revised

29 October 2020 Electronic decision by the Joint Committee
Initial approval.

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