Vol. 7, pp. 51-60

Asiatic Herpetological Research

1997

Taxonomic Notes on Pakistani Snakes of the Coluber karelini-rhodorachisventromaculatus Species Complex: A New Approach to the Problem

Muhammad S. Khan
Herp Laboratory, 15/6 Darul Saddar North. Rabwah 35460, Pakistan.
Abstract. -Taxonomic characters used for definition of Pakistani species of Coluber snakes are analyzed anddiscussed. New combinations of characters are used to devise a key for identification of Pakistani snakes of thegenus Coluber. Zoogeographical distribution is discussed.

Kev words: Taxonomy, Coluber karelini-rhodorachis-ventromaculatus species complex, Pakistan.

Introduction
The taxonomic status of Pakistani racers belonging tothegenus Coluber

Hardwicke1834,

ventromaculatus Gray andkarelini Brandt 1838 and C.

(C.

C.

rhodorachis) Jan 1865, has long remained enigmaticto herpetologists (Minton, 1966; Mertens, 1969; Khan

Despite the problematic1982).

taxonomy ofC.

ravergieri in the circum-Mediterranean region (Boulenger, 1893; F. Werner, 1905; Mertens. 1952; Baran.

1976; Bannikov
1985),

it

is

et

al.,

1977; Schatti and Agasian,readily differentiated

from

its

Pakistanicongeners by 21 midbody scale rows (Khan. 1982).
However, C. karelini. C. rhodorachis and C. ventromaculatus. due to their dubious color variations andoverlapping scale counts, have always posed taxo-

nomic problems to the herpetologists working in Middle

Eastand southeast Asia (Clark

et

al.,

1969;

Leviton, 1959; Leviton and S. Anderson. 1969, 1970;

Minton, 1966; Mertens, 1969; Haas and Y. Werner,
1969; Khan.

1977,

1982; Latifi,

1991; Tiedemann.

1991; Leviton et al., 1992).

validityofvariousmorphologicalcharacterswhich have usually been used to define these colubrid
taxa.

lip of anal(from posterior

aperture to the tip of tail);head length (from anterior tip of snout to posterior
margin of the last supralabial); head width (at theof last supralabials across head), were recorded

level

to the nearest 0.1

mm.

Snakes under 500 mm totalii.

length are taken as juveniles, up to 750

and above, adults,

rows

at

iii.

Scutellation:

midbody andjust

mm subadults,

number of scale

anterior

to

vent

were

counted on both sides of the same ventral; pre- andpostsuboculars lie below the level of eye; first broader
than long scale in the gular region was counted as theventral,first

and the preanal scale is not counted,

iv.

Color pattern: For description of dorsal body pattern,

formed by the deposition of sooty pigment. Fig.
and A (Peters, 1964) and Fig. 27 (Khan, 1993a) were1

1

1

followed,v.

tromaculatus

For hemipeneal study three Coluber ven,

one C. rhodorachis are available witheverted hemipenes.
However, for additional
comparative material for these species and for C.
fully

karelini, the technique

The present work has been undertaken to assesstheof tail); body or snout-vent length (from anterior
ofsnout to anterior lip of anal aperture); tail lengthtip
tipsuggested by Pesantes (1994)

was used to evert the organ of preserved specimens.
Description of the organ follows Dowling and Savage(1960) and Khan (1993b).

New combinations of readily observable morCharacteristics of Pakistani Coluber snakes

phological characters are suggested for identificationof these species, gathered from the material coming

Long, narrow, cylindrical body with distinct elongatedfrom different parts of Pakistan and Azad Kashmir.

head, long tail with very gradual taper with a fine tip.

Head with large, symmetrically arranged scales; ros-

Materials and Methods
For this study a total of 27

C karelini. 92 C. rhodora-chis and 142 C. ventromaculatus. from different partsof Pakistan and Azad Kashmir, were available. Statesof the following morphological characters, usuallyused in the taxonomic determination of these snakes,i.
Measurements:
each species:
total length (from anterior tip of snout to the posterior

were recorded

for

tral

strongly hollowed underneath, a pair of interna-

sals and prefrontals; single supraorbital and frontal, apair of parietals, single loreal, 1-2 pre- and postoculars. 1-2 pre- and postsubocular, upper preocular incontact with frontal; 9 supralabials, 1-2 in contact
with eye; frontal broad, elongated, parietals broad andelongated; temporals 2+3 or 3+3. Genials 2, posterior
longer, separated from each other by small scales;Vol. 7, p. 52

Asiatic Herpetological Research

Table 1.

1997

Variations in circumocular scutellation of

Pakistani colubrid snakes: (1= C. karelini;

2= C.

rhodorachis; 3= C. ventromaculatus. Note: figures with oblique represent bilateral configurations, while those in parentheses represent

number of specimens of each species present inpresent collection).

Numbersupralabials
contact with

Figure 1.

Coluber karelini. A. Dorsal head scales; B.

Lateral head scales.

eyes large, with distinct round pupil. Snout projecting, distinct canthus, a pair of nasals.
Body scales

smooth, 19-21

atmidbody. reduced to 11-13 at vent,anal divided; ventrals rounded, ranging 192-277; sub-caudals paired, ranging 82-145; hemipenis is simple

with single sulcus spermaticus, distal portion calculate, proximally spinose, spines enlarged.

Evaluation of Characters used in Coluber tax-

onomy
Various morphological characters have been used indifferent combinations for Taxonomic determinationof Pakistani Coluber racers.

In the following section

these characters are examined in the light of the datacollected from present collections:i.

Circumocular scales: Basic circumocular scalationconsists of one supraocular, one preocular andUsually

postoculars.

onesupralabial.

the

two
fifth,

touches orbit in C. karelini (Fig. lb), while two
supralabials, 5th and 6th (rarely 4th and 5th) touch theorbit in both C.

rhodorachis and C. ventromaculatus.

Circumocularconditions

arecomplicated

by

the

appearance of a presubocular or a postsubocular scale
preventing either 4th or 5th, rarely 6th supraocular tocome in contact with orbit, so that one. two, three, ornone of the supralabials comes in contact with orbit
and conditions like that seen in C. karelini may appear
in C.
et al.,

rhodorachis and C. ventromaculatus (Bannikov
1977; Gasperetti, 1988).

Rarely, presubocularand postsubocular are fragmented
loreal and postocular region.
Table

1

in

3-4 scales atsummarizes different circumocular statesobserved in the present collection:

in

97% C. karelini

5th supralabial is in contact with orbit on both sides,

Asiatic Herpetological Research

1997

Table 2.

Vol. 7, p. 53

Range of ventral (V) and subcaudal (Scd) counts in Coluber species in present collection.
Taxon

C. karelini

Scd

V+Scd

Vol. 7, p. 54

Asiatic Herpetological Research

1997

Figure 3.

Coluber karelini

Figure 4.

Coluber rhodorachis

Figure 5.

Coluber ventromaculatus

row of vivid sooty-black transverse bars extending
from nape to base of tail.

In the anterior half of thebody, the bars are 2-3 scales thick, narrower thaninterspaces, occupying 10-11

median rows of dorsals,

alternating with a transversely enlarged lateral row ofvenspots, the bases of which touch tips of adjacent
trals (Fig.2A).

Figure 2. Pigmentation of dorsal pattern. A. Coluber
Coluber rhodorachis; C. Coluber ventro-

karelini; B.

maculatus

Ventrum is spotless ivory.

In C. ventromaculatus the fine dark brown dots are

uniformly deposited on the scales, more densely on
scales of dorsal pattern while sooty pigment is rare. A

median row of squarish or rectangular blotches or sad-1

Asiatic Herpetological Research

997

Vol. 7, p. 55

Figure 6. Geographic distribution of Coluber ravergieri + ), Coluber karelini (o). Coluber rhodorachis (O).
(Coluber ventromaculatus( )dies is characteristic of this species.

The blotches arebroader than interspaces, occupying 8-9 median dorsal scalerows, alternating with a pair of lateral rowsrior,

darker half by a mosaic of close-set vertical nar-row, dark streaks.

The streaked pattern is due to aconcentration of pigment between adjacent rows ofof spots, the outermost row is just of dark specks
which occasionally touch edges of corresponding

scales,Here the sooty pigment is deposited on the
periphery of the scales, leaving their centers clear,pigment between ventrals.

ventrals.

resulting in a dull pattern (Fig. 2C).

creating a light/dark zigzag mosaic patternventrum melanistic, due to deposition of
2B),
(Fig.

Adult C. rhodorachis are more melanistic anteri-

A distinct 6-9-

scale long. 2-4-scale thick nuchal blotch or stripe

orly,
is

of this species, this mark generally
flanked by a large blotch on temporals. In specimens

while the posterior half, which appeared darker

in juveniles,

characteristicfrom the Middle East, the nuchal stripe is long andthin,

occupying half scales of the median dorsal pairof scales. Ventrum is ivory white, with occasional lateral spots on ventrals.
In juvenile C. rhodorachis, the anterior half of the

body is lighter with distinct 4-5 alternating rows ofdark irregular blotches or spots, replaced in the poste-

pattern

mens

is

as

now appears lighter.

Juvenile spottedeither lost altogether in darker adult speciis

usual in snakes from

Kashmir (Khan,

unpublished data: Murthy and Sherma. 1976; 1979),
or is replaced by fine light/dark streaked mosaic patternasinsnakesfrom

Baluchistan(Mertens.

1969. Fig. 17). Ventrals, in adults, are ivory, except foroccasional lateral spottings.
ix. Geographical distribution (Fig. 6):

turnal, alertand shy snakes.

Racers are noc-

They generally preferVol. 7, p. 56

open

Asiatic Herpetological Researchsemidesert

country

withsparseandgrassscrubby vegetation. They are widely distributed fromTranscaspia to Transcaucasia in the north, to the Afri-can Sahara in the west, extending in the east to Kash-mir and Nepal, and descending through the IndoGangetic plains into the Indian peninsula in the south.

Coluber ravergieri is a wide-ranging Central
Asian species, extending from the Turanian Plateau to

1997

iii.

Temporals 3+3.

iv.

Ventrals 197-234. subcaudals 82-101.

Distribution in Pakistan (Figure 6): Central Asian:reaches western Baluchistan and northwestern hills in

N.W.F.P. collected at 3.000 to 5,000 m elevation.

Coluber karelini Brandt. 1838 (Figures 2 A, 3)
Diagnosis:

Midbody scale rows

the Anatolian highlands in the west, through Turkey.

i.

Israel. Jordan, northern Egypt, Iraq. Iran, and Afghan-anterior to vent.

istan.

It

reaches the western border of Pakistan at its

eastern limit of distribution.

Vivid sooty pigment

is12-13 just

uniformly deposited onscales of the dorsal pattern (Fig. 2A).

Coluber karelini is widely distributed in the Middle East, from the Turanian Plateau to the

Kazakhthe north, entering Afghanistan, andsouth
to the low hills of the Quetta-Pishin
extendinguplandsii.

19. reduction to

in

iii.
Dorsal pattern vivid, consisting of a median row
of black crossbars, narrower than interspaces, alter-

nating with a lateral row of spots touching ventrals.
iv.

Vivid oculo-labia]

area in Baluchistan (Khan. 1980. 1987).

and oculo-temporal

stripesalways present.

Coluber rhodorachis is the most wide-ranging
Saharo-Sindian racer, extending from Algeria to thewesternandnorthwestern

highlands of Pakistan
through Egypt, Ethiopia. Arabian Peninsula. Iraq.
Kuwait, Iran, and extending northwards to the Aralo-

Caspian region and Afghanistan.

In

Pakistanitiswidely distributed in Baluchistan to the Makran coast,extending through Waziristan into the Siwaliks in
Kashmir, Utter Pardesh. India to Nepal.

Coluber ventromaculatus

Almost always 5th (rarely 6th or 5th. 6th, or none)supralabial in contact with orbit.
vi.

Ventrals 192-207. subcaudals 90-1 10.

Distribution in Pakistan (Fig. 6):
toFrom Transcaspia

low hills of Quetta-Peshin area, at an elevation of

1600-1840 m; does not extend eastward into Sind andPunjab.

Remarks: Often C. rhodorachis is confused with thisprimarily an Indiantaxon due to occasional occurrence of C. rhodorachis

widely distributed in the Indo-Gangetic
regardwith one supralabial in orbit and dorsal row of lighter
cross bars. Specimens are illustrated by Gasperetti

reports of this snake from Iran and Iraq as pertain-(1988. Fig. 29) from Afghanistan and Nushki (Bal-species.

It is

is

plains and does not extend west of the Indus.
all

v.

I

ing to local races of C. rhodorachis with low ventral

uchistan); specimens

and subcaudal counts.

dorsal pattern nor orbito-labial and temporal stripes as

Coluber karelini, C. ravergieri, and C. rhodorachis are sympatric in most of their northern Caucaso-

Turanian and Afghanistan range.
However, in the
Saharo-Sindian belt C. ravergieri is primarily a north-vivid as observed inBaluchistan.

from

C. karelini from Quetta-Peshin,mintonorum on similar C rhodorachis from the Bal.

uchistan highland.

In

extending to northern Somalia. In Pakistan C. karelini is sympatric with C. ravergieri and C. rhodora-(Bannikovetal.. 1977).

Coluber ravergieri Menetries, 1832

Midbody scale counts 19. reduced to 11-13 at thelevel of vent.
ii.

Colored dots are uniformly deposited on dorsali.

Midbody scale rows 21, reduction to 15 just anterior

to vent.

is formed by concenhowever, melanicity of older

scales, while the dorsal pattern
tration of colored dots,

Diagnosis:

C.

Diagnosis:i.

Diagnoses of Pakistani species of Coluber

is

Coluber rhodorachis Jan, 1865 (Figures 2B, 4)

rhodorachis in northern, north-western and coastal foothills (Fig. 6).

southern Turkmenistan,

known to hybridize with C. rhodorachis

karelini

is in sympatry with C.

region have neither

Mertens (1969) erected his C. karelini

ern species, while C. rhodorachis is a southern form

chis in western Baluchistan, while C. ventromaculatus

thissnakesisdue to additional deposition of sooty pig-

ment (Fig. 2B).
Juvenile pattern is of spots on anterior part ofbody, unicolor or streaked posteriorly; venter melanisiii.

ii.

Dorsum buff or grayish with a dorsal series of dark

rhomboidal spots or narrow cross-bars alternatingwith a series of smaller spots on sides.

tic.

Adults become melanistic anteriorly, losing spots,

sometimes having fine, streaked pattern anteriorly andAsiatic Herpetological Research1997

are unicolor posteriorly.

Venter ivory, with sides ofventrals darkly smudged.
iv.

Usually two, 5th and 6th (rarely 4th and 5th or 5th

or three. 4th. 5th. and 6th) supralabials touching orbit.
v.

Distinct oculo-labial stripe, indistinct oculo-tem-Distribution in Pakistanin(Figure 6):

Widely dis-

Baluchistan, western and northern sub-Himalayan (N.W.F.P.

)

highland and inland low ranges(Punjab and Sind). From sea level (along Makran
It does not extend onto
coast) to about 2300 m.
plains.

Remarks:

Unaware of Jan's (1865) erection of the1871 described Zamnis

nominal taxon. J. Anderson()

ladacensis from Ladakh, Baltistan. Later, he (1895)

compared rhodorachis with ladacensis and foundthem identical.
Despite proven conspecificity, arhodorachis with a median dorsal pinkish-red (Nikolskii,

lateral row of spots, usually touching ventrals.

Two supralabials. 5th and 6th or 4th and 5th. touch

iv.

v.

Ventrals 195-220. subcaudals 82-1 19.

vi.

poral stripe.

tributediii.
Dorsal pattern consists of a median row of rhombs
or saddles, broader than interspaces, alternating with aorbit.

Ventrals 205-277. subcaudals 139-144.

vi.

1916). drab (Corkill and Cochran.

vermilion (Minton,

Vol. 7, p. 57

1965). light

Loreal scale longer than high.

Distribution in Pakistan: Plains of Punjab and Sind:rarely extends above 300

m elevation. (Fig. 6).

Remarks: This taxon is based on Plate 80, Fig.

eral

distinctscales,Figureorbito-labial

The so-called "colored vertebral line" is discernible

sunk, abnormal for this species.

only in living snakes, as it is soon lost on preservation,
especially in formalin. This is why the validity ofgal,

1963; Leviton and S. Anderson, 1961; Krai.

1969;Ataev, 1985).
southern

Israel(F.

Werner, 1896, Fig. 2 A. B) has more close-set (2 scaleswide) transverse stripes which are much broader thaninterspaces. Leviton et al., 1992, Plate 15) show twocolor morphs of C. rhodorachis from the Arabian pen(body

Schmidt (1939) restricted the type locality to Bensince,

according to Smith (1931). Hardwicke
A comparison withmostly collected from the region.
Pakistani snakes of this taxon
dorsal pattern,shows differences inwhich usually consists of 3-4-scale-wide diamonds or saddles, obscure oculo-temporal

Coluber rhodorachis frominsula: Fig. C.

temporalmedian dorsal one-scale-narrow nuchal
The lower jaw is shown distinctly counter-streak.

berger,andladistinct

ladacensis as a separate taxon has frequently beenquestioned (Mertens. 1956; Kramer and Schnurren-a.

shows an irregular cross band
between the orbits and a few spots on temporals and astripes.

1969) vertebral line has been regarded as ladacensis.

to.

The figured snake has approximately 220 ventrals, 70
subcaudals, with a median row of more than 60. 1-2scale-wide narrow cross bands, replaced on tail bynarrow transverse streaks formed of dark edges of lat-

1966), red (Mertens,orange1

Hardwicke (1834), with only the
inscription, "spotted bellied snake Coluber ventromaculatus"; no description or type locality is given.
b of Gray andfrom Tabuk Emirate, anterior half ofspotted, posterior unicolor; Fig. D, from Taif,

2-4-scale-wide nuchal streak always flanked bylarger temporal blotches obscuring oculo-temporalbar,streak: pigment is peripherally deposited on scales.
head with indistinct dark mottling. However, a pair ofsnakes from southeastern Thar Pakar, Sind, has a single scale-wide uninterrupted

running

to themedian nuchal

streak,midbody. passing through dorsal sad-

Makkah Emirate, is unicolor melanistic. while Fig. E.

dles, while snakes from Punjab and most of Sind havefrom Khuzistan Province, Iran, is a banded form, thea short, 2-4-scale-wide and 5-6-scale-long streak orbands broader than interspaces. Latiri (1991, Plate16) shows two more color morphs from Iran: Fig. 41

blotch, which seldom extends between saddles.

unicolor and Fig. 42 spotted, the spots are more likebroken transverse bands. C. rhodorachis is known toLeviton et al., (1992, PI. 15) illustrate two snakes
as C. ventromaculatus: Fig. F, from Sabiya Peninsula,exhibit high variability of color and pattern through-near Kuwait City, with a long narrow nuchal streak
and transverse bands, broader than interspaces, and aout its range (Y. Werner. 1971).

row of lateral spots, while Fig. H. from Ghizri. Kara-

Coluber ventromaculatus Gray and1834 (Figures 2C, 5)

Hardwicke,

is justMidbody scale rows 19, reduced to 13 at level of

The sooty pigment is confined to each
periphery in dorsal body pattern (Fig. 2C).

sometimes

ventromaculatus
indistinguishably

and

C.

intergrade

rhodorachis
into

each

other in appearance, scale counts and dorsal body pat-

vent.
ii.

like snakes mostly from Baluchistan.

Coluber

Diagnosis:i.

chi, with indistinct spottings on anterior half of body,tern.

scale'sfused

For a long time. Russian herpetologists conC. rhodorachis with C.
ventromaculatus(Nikolskii. 1916; Terentev

and Chernov. 1949; Levi-

Asiatic Herpetological ResearchVol. 7, p. 58

ton. 1959; Leviton

and S. Anderson. 1970). and still

Ahmed. Basharat Ahmed and Mr. Shoib Ahmed for

am inclined tohelping in arranging our stay while we collected inBaluchistan.
Master Muhammad Sadiq (Goi), Dr.

this confusion exists (Baran. 1982).

I

believe that all C. ventromaculatus reported from westof the Indus (Fig. 6) are actually color morphs of C.

rhodorachis, and C. ventromaculatus does not extend

Shah Muhammad (Kotli) for helping in different ways
in our collections from Azad Kashmir.

westward beyond the Indus. Reports of this species
from

Chitral,1997

Dir and Swat

(McMahon,1901a,b).

IJr..

am deeply indebted to Dr. Sherman A. Minton,
Indiana University, USA, for advise and pholi-

actually pertain to C. rhodorachis.

Mostly, the confucreated by dorsal patterndosic data from his colubrid collection, and Dr. Zug,sion between these taxa

National

Plate 80

D.C.. USA, for supplying pertinent literature.

is(Gray and Hardwicki. Vol. II, 1834). Famous Indian ophiologist Wall
(1923) found no option but to unite C. ventromaculafigured in the type. Fig.

1.

tus with C. rhodorachis to settle thistaxonomic tan-Museum of Natural

Appendix

History. Washington.

I

gle.

Snakes for this study were collected from within aradius of 5-10 km around the following localities in

Key to Pakistani Snakes of the Genus
Coluber

Pakistan and Azad Kashmir. Figures in parentheses
indicate the number of snakes collected from each

A satisfactory key for identification of Pakistani Co/u-

locality.

ber has long been needed. The following key is based

Coluber ravergien.'Baluchistan:

on

from

characteristics

thegathereddiagnostic
present collection, satisfactorily helping in diagnosisof these taxa (Khan 1993):
la.

Midbody scale rows 21; collected from Chitraland northern Baluchistan

C.ravergieri

lb. Midbody scale rows 19

2a.

Subcaudals

125-144;2
unicolor,spotty,or withclose-set transverse striations; sooty pigment deposited

betweenscales,main dorsal pattern formed byconcentration of tiny dots; collected from western andColuber karelini: Baluchistan:

C. rhodorachis

2b. Subcaudals 80-120; dorsal pattern of saddles, dia3

):

1

(

Sha-

Punj Pai

QuettaLoi(4);

Chaman (4);Banda. Zob (4); Muslim Bazar. Zob (2).
(4);

PeshinColuber

Boostan(6);

rhodorachis:(3):

Baluchistan:

Punjpai(2)

Quetta (3); Peshin (2): Boostan (1); Chaman (2)Loi Banda, Zob (1): Muslim Bazar, Zob (1)Khuzdar (3); Kama. Khuzdar (2); Waddh, Khuz(3): Arnachh, Khuzdar (1); Naal, Khuzdar); Mastung (5).
(2); Nushki); Kalat

dar

( 1

( 1

Wana ); Tank
Nowshera (3);Peshawer (4): Mardan (2); Manshera (2); Dadar(1); Abbottabad (2): Ghan Habibullah (2); Swat
Northwestern Frontier Province:

northern highland and Salt Range, Punjab

monds, or transverse bars

Boostandezai(2).

Bannu

(1):

Kohat

(1):

( 1

(1);

(2); Kalam(2).

3a. One (5th, rarely 6th. or none) supralabial in con-

Punjab:tact with orbit: dorsal pattern of vivid black transverse(2); Attock (1); Pir peahai (2); Pind Dadan Khanbars, narrower than interspaces: sooty pigment depos-(2);

ited uniformly on scales; collected from western Bal-(2).

uchistan
3b.

C.karelini

Two (5th and 6th) supralabials in contact withorbit; dorsal pattern amonds,

broaderthan

median row of saddles or dia-

Rohtas Fort (2); Islamabad (2): Chattar

Dandot(1 );Sind: Chauki (1

Khewara (2); Choa Saidan Shah);Band Murad Khan

Azad Kashmir: Mirpur

sooty pigment
deposited on periphery of scales; collected from Pun-

Jattan (1): Kotli (3);jab and Sind plains

bad (3).

interspaces;

C. ventromaculatus

Iwish to thank Mr. Shahid Hussain Malik, who has

been my constant companion during various collection tours todifferent parts of Pakistan: Azad Kash-mir. Punjab,

N.W.F.P.. Baluchistan and Sind. during

which most of the material for the present study wascollected.

Special thanks are due to Messers Naeem

1 );Karachi(1);

Bhimbar (2); Dulaih

Goi Madan (8); Aram Bari(2); Palandri ( 1 ). Punch ( 1 ); Bagh ( 1 ); Muzaffara-

Coluber ventromaculatus: Punjab:

Acknowledgments((2); Thatta (1).

Musa

Jhelum (2); Lala

Gujrat (2); Wazirabad 1 ): Sialkot (3);Gujranwala (1); Lalian (3); Rabwah (25); Chiniot
(

1

);

(

(14); Sargodha (4); Mianwali (5); Khushab (10);Nurpur (12); Bhakkar (4); Leiah (3); Toba Tek
Singh (2); Multan (5); Dera Ghazi Khan (6);Rajanpur (3); Bahawalnagar (3); Fort Marot (2);Rahimyar Khan (4);Asiatic Herpetological Research

1997

SukkurSind:

Sehwan(2);(3);

LarkaaNawab Shah (3); Dadu (3); Hyderabad

(

1

);

(2):

Mithi

(2); Diplo (3).

Vol. 7, p. 59

of Major General Hardwicke.

II:

Plate 80. British

Museum (N.H.), London.
And Y.

Haas. G.,

Werner.

L.

Lizards and1969.

snakes from southwestern Asia, collected by Henry

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Anderson. J.

Khalaf, K. T.

Jhang

1

neighbourhood. Proceedings of Zoological Society of
London 1872:371-404.

Khan. M. S.

1963. Amphibians and reptiles from

Proceedings of the California Academy of Sci-

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Punjab, Pakistan.

1980.

Affinities

Biologia (Lahore)

and Zoogeography ofherpetiles of Pakistan. Biologia (Lhore) 26:1 13-171.

Khan. M. S. 1982.

An annotated checklist and key tothe reptiles of Pakistan. Part III: Serpentes (Ophidia).

Biologia (Lahore) 28:215-254.

1985. Reptiles of mountainous Turk-

Ataev. Ch. A.

Reptiles of Iraq with some notes

977. Checklist and key to the snakes ofDistrict.

23:145-157.

Iran.

1959.

on the amphibians. Ar-Rabitta Press, Baghdad, pp 96.

batrachians made by Colonel Yerbury at Aden and its

Anderson. S. C.

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Khan, M. S.

On a collection of reptiles and1895.

Bulletin

Field.

Bannikov. A. G.. I. S. Darevski, V. G. Ischenko. A. K.

1986.
A noteworthy collection of
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