The 5th ERAHS Conference (Aug. 29, 2018)

Monitoring Activities by Multi-stakeholders in GIAHS sites in
Korea and Japan: Current Status and Perspectives
Seula Kim 1, Hagyeol You 2
Collaborator: Professor Anne McDonald 1

1 Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Sophia University, Japan
2 Rural Agriculture Research, ChungNam Institute, Korea* Other collaborators:  ,  ,( )01. Introduction

02. Current Status of Monitoring Activities in
GIAHS sites in Korea and Japan

03. Characteristics of Monitoring Activities in
GIAHS sites in Korea and Japan

04. Conclusion§ There has been increasing concern about the importance of monitoring activities forthe conservation and management of agricultural heritage sites. In FAO as well as
ERAHS, there is an active discussion that the monitoring system is necessary toensure the designated sites are being managed properly.
§ Nevertheless, there is limited research on monitoring activities in the designated sites.
§ Thus, further study on current status, problem, and potential of monitoring activities isstrongly required.

§ This study aims to identify the current status of each stakeholder’s monitoring
activities and compare each site’s characteristics in Korea and Japan.
§ It finds out the limitation of monitoring activities and suggests how to improve thecontinuous and efficient monitoring activities in GIAHS sites.

4§ Study sites:ü 1) Jeju Batdam Agriculture System, Korea
ü 2) Osaki Kodo’s Traditional Water Management System, Japan§ Data collection period: January ~ July 2018

§ This study was conducted in four steps:ü 1) literature review including GIAHS proposal and administrative documents ofmonitoring systemü 2) field survey to investigate current status of monitoring, conservation, andutilization activities in the siteü 3) interview with government officials and residents in the siteü 4) getting professional advice5§ Scope of investigation: The monitoring system of agricultural heritage consists ofplanning, activity, and evaluation. This study focuses largely on monitoring activity
and partly on monitoring planning.
Monitoring activity
Conservation/
management/effectmonitoring

Residents,
Expert,Administrator

Activity for agricultural
heritage conservation,
management, utilization,and succession

Administrator

Monitoring evaluation
Opening monitoring
result, getting feedback

Administrator

6

Monitoring planning
Development ofmonitoring indicator,
Planning of monitoring
activity§ Criteria of analysis
Criterion

Basic structure of monitoring activity

Conservation/Management activity

Utilization activity

ExampleRelevant stakeholders

Government office/official, local community
organization

Institutional framework

Legislation, ordinance, regulation

Financial support

BudgetResearch on monitoring system

Research activity, monitoring indicator

Traditional agriculture system

Succession activity of traditional agriculture
system, building relevant database

Biodiversity

Ecological survey, building relevant database

Landscape

Survey on landscape, restoration activity ofdamaged agricultural landscape area

Traditional culture

Traditional culture related to agricultural
heritage

Economic utilization

Development of product, tourism program

Social utilization

Public relations activity, educational activity

Environmental utilization

Establishment of environmental improvement
facility after designation7

Jeju Batdam Agriculture System, Korea
Osaki Kodo’s Traditional Water Management System, Japan

§
ü
ü
ü

§
ü
ü
ü

9

§

Basic Structure of Monitoring Activities

Relevant Stakeholders

Institutional Framework

Financial Support

Research on Monitoring System

1 It is supposed to develop in 2018

StatusGovernment official

O

Local community organization

X

Intermediate organization

O

Other relevant organizations

O

Legislation

X

OrdinanceO

Regulation

X

Budget from central government

O

Budget from local government

O

Budget from central + local governmentO

Research activities

X

Development of monitoring indicator

X1

10

§

Conservation/Management Activity

StatusMonitoring

Traditional Agriculture SystemO△ (discontinued)

BiodiversityX△ (partly implementing)LandscapeX

X

Traditional Culture

X

X

Utilization Activity

StatusMonitoring

EconomicO△ (partly implementing)SocialO

X

Environmental

O

X

11

§
Category

Relevant stakeholders

Institutional framework

Title/Organization

Contents

Jeju Special Self-Governing Province
Agriculture business division

Established in 2013/ 2 officials
Administrative support for conservation,
management, and utilization of Batdam (budget
compilation, administration of projects)

Jeju City Eco-friendly Agriculture division

Established in 2014/ 2 officials
Administrative support for conservation,
management, and utilization of Batdam

Seogwipo City
Eco-friendly Citrus Agriculture division

Established in 2014/ 2 officials
Administrative support for conservation,
management, and utilization of Batdam

Jeju Research Institute(Batdam Sixth Industrialization Project)

Established in 2016/ 4 researchers
Task force from 2016 to 2018
Planning and management team to conserve,
manage, and utilize Batdam*Key organization at present

Jeju Batdam Agricultural Heritage Committee

Established in 2014/ 20 members (consisting ofprovincial assembly, farmers, and experts)
Consultation in relevant project

Jeju Special Self-Governing Province
Ordinance of Agriculture and Fisheries Heritage
Conservation and Management

Enacted at 2013 after designation

12

§
Category

Title/Organization
Multi-utilization Project of Agriculture and Fisheries heritage(included in Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs)
GIAHS Jeju Batdam Conservation/Management Project

Financial support

Research on monitoring
systemGIAHS Jeju Batdam Monitoring ProjectContents
Project period: 2013 ~ 2015
Budget: 1.5 billion won
Budget: 200 million won in 2018
Budget: 40 million won in 2018

Jeju Batdam Festival

Project period: every year
Budget: 200 million won per year

Batdam Sixth Industrialization Project

Project period: 2016 ~ 2018
Budget: 2.3 billion won

Research related to monitoring system

None

Development of monitoring indicator

None(It is supposed to develop in 2018)13

§Category

Title/Organization
Dolbitna Art School

Traditional agriculture
systemContents

Section

Education of Batdam construction focusing on practicaltraining

Conservation/management activity(C/M)

Managing education program of Batdam construction
focusing on both theoretical education and practicaltraining
Jeju Research Institute
Fostering artisan in traditional agriculture(Batdam Sixth
Building database of artisan
Industrialization Project) (Implemented in 2015, discontinued at present)
Finding relevant information, database
Raising awareness about value of Batdam
PR activity

C/M
Monitoring for
C/M
C/M

Biodiversity

Implementing monitoring activity on biodiversity in
UNESCO Natural World Heritage Site
There is no monitoring activity on Batdam agricultural
systemLandscape

None

None

Education of Batdam construction focusing on practicaltraining

C/M

Traditional culture

Dolbitna Art School

Monitoring for
C/M

14

§
Category

Economic

Title/Organization

Jeju Research Institute(Batdam Sixth
Industrialization Project)

Jeju Tourism Organization
Jeju Research Institute(Batdam Sixth
Industrialization Project)SocialEnvironmental

Contents
Planning development of Batdam Theme Park
Managing a regional event to build black stone fence
Sale on souvenir of Batdam
Product development using crops cultivated in Batdam
Planning to build Batdam Shop

SectionUtilization activity

Restoration and improvement project of Batdam Road

Utilization activity& Monitoring for
utilization

Monitoring on the number of tourists visiting Jeju

Monitoring for
utilization

PR activity for agricultural heritage
Developing website
Managing program called Jeju Batdam Value-up academy
Fostering Batdam heritage commentator

Jeju Special SelfGoverning Province Officeof Education,
Regional broadcasting
company

Making and distributing educational videos

Jeju Research Institute(Batdam Sixth
Industrialization Project)

Building photo zone in the observatory, creating a tour
course, holding the photo exhibition of Batdam

Utilization activity

Utilization activity

Utilization activity
15

Jeju Batdam Agriculture System, Korea
Osaki Kodo’s Traditional Water Management System, Japan

§
ü
ü
ü
ü

§
ü
ü
ü
ü

17

§

Basic Structure of Monitoring Activities

Relevant Stakeholders

Institutional Framework

Financial Support

Research on Monitoring System

StatusGovernment office and official

O

Local community organizationO

Contracting-out to specialized agency

O

Other relevant organizations

O

Legislation△

Ordinance

X

Regulation

O

Budget from central government△

Budget from local government

O

Other budget or fundO

Research activities

O

Monitoring indicator

O

18

§

Conservation/Management Activity

StatusMonitoring

Traditional Agriculture System

O

O

Biodiversity

O

O

LandscapeO

X

Traditional Culture

O

O

Utilization Activity

StatusMonitoring

EconomicO

X

SocialO

X

Environmental

O

O

19

§
Category

Relevant stakeholders

Institutional framework

Financial support

Title/Organization

Contents

Osaki City GIAHS Promotion Division

Established in April 2018
Implementing various projects related to the agricultural
heritage in designated site consisting of one city and four
towns

Local Community Organization

Participating in action plan promotion meeting

Other relevant organization

Local residents’ monitoring program to investigate biodiversity
in rice paddy
Contracting-out to specialized agencies or local NPOs
Participation by universities on water management and local
communityCentral government

The government tracks the progress of action plan

Local government

There is no ordinance of local government

Monitoring planning

It is included in GIAHS action plan

The government’s budget

There is no budget from the central government but they
support the program to dispatch expert or advisor regarding
the agricultural heritage
Osaki City has their own budget for GIAHS promotion activities($ 54,000 per year)
Osaki City has subsidy program for local residents’ activities toraise awareness of GIAHS
20

§
Category
Financial support

Research on monitoring
systemTitle/Organization

Contents

Other funds

Osaki City is developing the donation system for monitoring
activity of agricultural heritage based on the “Hometown tax
payment” under the Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications

Development of monitoring indicator

It is included in GIAHS action plan

Education of public officials for PR

City government officials share relevant information within thedivision
Education related to agricultural heritage for the heads of eachtown and agricultural committee members

21§Category

Traditional
agriculture
system

Biodiversity

Title/Organization

Contents

Municipalities1, Miyagi Prefecture

Administrative support and development for organizationconserving water management
Annual investigation on coverage rate of agricultural land
where the water management is being implementing

Committee2, Municipalities

Survey of ‘Keiyakuko’ 5

JA3, NPOs, Municipalities, Miyagi Pref.

Securing and training of new agricultural workers
Investigation of accumulative number of workers

Committee, JA, NPOs, Municipalities,
Miyagi Pref.

Dissemination of agriculture with environment insymbiotic way
Annual investigation on rice cultivation area inconservation area

Committee, JA, NPOs, Municipalities,
Miyagi Pref.

Dissemination of the monitoring activity of living
creatures
Monitoring participation by farmCommittee, NPOs, Municipalities

Expansion of programs to develop the next generation

NPOs, Municipalities, Miyagi Pref.

Conservation of rare species in reservoirs, etc.

Committee, JA, Co-op4, Local
companies, Municipalities, Miyagi Pref.

Conservation of genetic resources and diversification ofsales channels

SectionConservation/
management
activity (C/M),
Monitoring for
C/MCM,Monitoring for
C/M

1 Municipalities: Osaki City, Shikama Town, Kami Town, Wakuya Town, Misato Town (one city, four towns)
2 Committee: Osaki Region Committee for the Promotion of GIAHS
3 JA: Japan Agricultural Cooperatives
4 Co-op: Japanese Consumers’ Cooperative Union
5 Keiyakuko: association of members who cooperate in agriculture, water management, and various activities with contract22

§Category

LandscapeTraditional
cultureTitle/Organization

Contents

Committee, Universities, JA, NPOs,
Municipalities, Miyagi Pref.

Planning and implementation of ‘Osaki Field Museum’ 1

Committee, NPOs, Municipalities,
Miyagi Pref.

Planning and implementation of GIAHS tourism

Committee, NPOs, Forestry
Cooperatives, Municipalities, Miyagi
Pref.

Promotion of diverse activities by multi-stakeholders onconservation of ‘Igune’ 2

Committee, NPOs, Research Institutes,
Universities, Municipalities

Carrying out of a comprehensive survey and utilization of
education

Committee, JA, Municipalities

Holding of research seminar on fermentation and foodcultureCommittee, Municipalities

Section

C/M

C/M,
Monitoring
for C/M

Survey and utilization of functions of ‘Keiyakuko’

1 Osaki Field Museum: Conservation as well as utilization activity through the traditional culture, landscape, tourism, and education
2 Igune: Tree outside forests. Homestead woodlands commonly seen in Osaki Kodo. It has been planted to protect farmer’s house from floods andnorthwesterly winds during the winter23

§Category

Title/Organization
JA, Municipalities, Miyagi Pref.

Contents

SectionSecuring and training of new agricultural workers
Support for the establishment of farming community

Economic

SocialEnvironmental

Committee, JA, Universities,
Municipalities

Promotion of CSA 1

Committee, JA, Municipalities,
Miyagi Pref.

Establishment of certification system

Local companies, Municipalities,
Miyagi Pref.

Support for Sixth Industrialization 2

Committee, NPOs, JA, Universities,
Municipalities, Miyagi Pref.

Committee, JA, Farms, Universities,
NPOs, Municipalities, Miyagi Pref.

Creating opportunity to share information and technology(international conference, etc. )Dissemination of agricultural system
Conservation of ‘Igune’
Preservation of reservoirs and waterways
Promotion of agriculture with environment in a symbiotic
way

Utilization
activity

Utilization
activity
Utilization
Activity,
Monitoring on
utilization

1 CSA: Community-Supported Agriculture (e.g. agriculture supported by the consumers)
2 Sixth Industrialization: It is the projects and activities that creating job opportunities especially for elder people and women to increase agricultural income bycombining secondary industry and tertiary industry with primary industry (Imamura, 1998; Nakano, 2014)24

§ Intermediate organization to support conservation, management, and utilization
activity for agricultural heritage
ü Act as a bridge between the government and local residents
ü Play a key role in conservation, management, utilization of Jeju Batdam§ Connected cooperation project with other organizations
ü To enhance the efficiency of the conservation, management, utilization
activity, Jeju Tourism Organization and other relevant agencies arecooperating with each other§ Focusing on utilization activity rather than conservation and management activity
ü It stimulates the local economy by utilizing the value of agricultural heritageand contributes to improving income for local farms§ Continuous budget support
ü Local and central government consistently and actively provide financial
support for conservation, management, and utilization activity

26

§ Participation of various stakeholders
ü A variety of people such as farmer, local residents, researcher, university,
local company, JA, and NPO participating in conservation, management, andutilization activity in the region, closely collaborating with each otherü Importance of Keiyakuko§ Active planning and implementing of monitoring activities
ü Sound basis of structure for conservation and management activity
ü Especially, development of monitoring indicator and education of public
officials
ü Diverse approach to utilization of agricultural heritage§ Focusing on ecological value of agricultural heritage
ü Value of water management lasting over 400 years using the lowland
swamps and wetlands
ü GIAHS tourism and Osaki Field Museum27§ Low participation of local residents
ü Local residents have a high awareness of agricultural heritage but are
passive in actual participation of activity§ No monitoring whether GIAHS action plan is implemented or notü The action plan isn’t enough in content
ü No progress of its monitoring has been made since the designation§ No monitoring system for agricultural heritage
ü There is no comprehensive system for monitoring, such as monitoring
indicator, method, and timingü Partial monitoring is being carried out in a few area, but there is nothing on
biodiversity and landscape monitoring§ Decreasing administration’s interests in agricultural heritage since GIAHS
designation
ü It is difficult to carry out continuous and systematic monitoring activities
because there are no administrative division29§ The aging population in rural area
ü The succession system for monitoring activity as well as traditional
technology may be weakened
ü In particular, water management system, technology to prevent damage bycold weather§ Lots of stakeholders participating in the activity
ü Too many stakeholders’ participation can reduce the overall effectiveness ofplanning and implementation of monitoring activity§ Risk in conservation functions by decreased value of landscape§ Logging of Igune due to changes in residential environment30

§ Necessary to establish an efficient and organized monitoring system for managing
agricultural heritageü In particular, it is urgent to develop monitoring indicator, monitoring method,and feedback system of monitoring results§ Continuous support for intermediate organization
ü It is required to consistently support intermediate body which shows diverse
activities with positive outcomes§ Strengthening of conservation and management activityü Currently, utilization activity is enough, but effort and strategy forconservation and management activity seem to be insufficient§ Necessary to establish administrative division of agricultural heritage in Jeju
Province officeü Currently, there are local government officials in charge of agricultural
heritage, but responsible division is needed for continuous administrative
support through reorganization
31§ Continuous interest of stakeholders and efficient progress are importantü It is been only a few months since its designation, continuous interest andprogress of action plan are necessary§ Necessary to take measures in population aging of the region
ü For the succession and improvement of the agricultural heritage, it is criticalto secure and train new agricultural workers for the next generation§ Conservation of Igune and securing value of landscape are requiredü To prevent further decline in agricultural landscape’s value and logging of
Igune, diverse approach to measures is important32§ Two study sites have basic structure of monitoring activity. However it is required to
improve more detailed and continuous monitoring system such as monitoring indicatorand monitoring method.
§

For the systematic and continuous monitoring activity, it is important to clarify a role ofeach stakeholder such as government, expert, local residents, etc.
ü Local residents: to understand the importance of monitoring system and actively
participate in its activity
ü Government (central/local): to develop monitoring indicator, ensure financial
support or budget, make effort to raise awareness of its importanceü Expert or research institute: to conduct monitoring activity, evaluate and share
the result of monitoringü ERAHS: to share information related to monitoring system and activity with thetransboundary cooperation especially in East Asia where the most GIAHS sites
are located in33