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Ꮫ⩦ㄒࡢ᳨⣴⤒㦂ࡣ⹫グ᠈ࡢ⏕㉳ࢆపୗࡉࡏࡿ࠿
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!̿ᢚไ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ̿   ෆᮌ ᬛ⨾ ᒱ㜧኱Ꮫ
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Can retrieval practicing reduce false memory?: From the view of inhibitory mechanisms

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Tomomi
NAIKI(Gifu
University)
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Takashi TSUKIMOTO (Gifu University)ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪DRM ࣃࣛࢲ࢖࣒࡜᳨⣴⤒㦂ࣃࣛࢲ࢖࣒ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ㸪෌ㄆㄢ㢟 (old/new ุ᩿) ࡟෌ㄆ᫬ࡢព
㆑≧ែࢆ♧ࡍ Remember/Know ᡭ⥆ࡁࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ṇグ᠈ཬࡧ⹫グ᠈ࡢ᳨⣴ㄏᑟᛶᛀ༷
(retrieval-induced forgetting: RIF) ࡀ⏕㉳ࡍࡿ࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪᳨⣴⾜Ⅽ࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿᢚไࡢ⑞㊧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᥈⣴ⓗ࡟᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓࠋᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ࣜࢫࢺ඲య㸪㧗⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺ㸪ప⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺ࡟࠾
ࡅࡿṇグ᠈ཬࡧ⹫グ᠈ࡢ old ุ᩿⋡࡛ RIF ࡣ᳨ฟࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ṇグ᠈࡟࠾࠸࡚ RIF ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜
࠿ࡽ㸪ᢚไࡢゎ㝖ࡀ⏕ࡌࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪⹫グ᠈ࡢ RIF ࡶ᳨ฟࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪⾲㠃ⓗ࡟ࡣᢚไຠᯝࡀ᳨ฟࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡢ㸪ࡑࡢ⫼ᚋ࡟ࡣᢚไࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢドᣐ࡜ࡋ࡚ព㆑ⓗせ⣲࡟╔┠ࡍࡿ࡜㸪㧗⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ CLRp 㡯┠ࡢ K ุ᩿⋡ࡀ CLNrp 㡯┠ࡼࡾࡶప࠿ࡗࡓ (p < .10)ࠋࡇࢀࡣ᳨⣴⤒㦂࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿᢚไࡢ⑞㊧࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᢚไࡀ⇍▱ᛶ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪old ุ᩿⋡࡜࠸࠺⾲㠃ⓗ࡞್࡟࠾࠸࡚ RIF ࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ⫼ᚋ࡟࠶ࡿព㆑ⓗせ⣲㸪≉࡟ K ุ᩿⋡࡟࠾࠸࡚ᢚไࢆ᳨ฟࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
Key words: false memory, retrieval-induced forgetting, inhibitory mechanism, release of inhibition, recognitionᐇ㝿࡟ࡣ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ฟ᮶஦ࢆㄗࡗ࡚ᛮ࠸ฟ

ࢺࢆ⾜࠺ࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪Ꮫ⩦ㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚࿊♧ࡉࢀࡍ㸪ࡲࡓࡣ㸪ᐇ㝿࡟㉳ࡁࡓฟ᮶஦࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡗࡓ

࡞࠿ࡗࡓ CL ㄒࡀㄗࡗ࡚᝿㉳ࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀฟ ᮶ ஦ ࢆ ᛮ ࠸ ฟ ࡍ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ࠕ ⹫ グ ᠈ (false඾ᆺⓗ࡞⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋRoediger & McDermott

memory)ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ (e.g., Roediger & McDermott,(1995) ࡣ㸪CL ㄒࡢ old ุ᩿࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᝿㉳ࡢ୺ほ1995)ࠋ⹫グ᠈ࡢᐇ㦂ⓗ◊✲ࡣ㸪Deese (1959) ࢆⓗᙉࡉࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ Remember/Know ᡭ⥆ࡁጞࡵ࡜ࡋ㸪Roediger & McDermott (1995) ࡀⓎᒎ

(Remember/Know procedure; Gardiner, 1988) ࡜ࡉࡏࡓࠋ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣ㸪ᙼࡽࡢ⏝࠸ࡓᐇ㦂ᡭ⥆ࡁࡣ㸪࿧ࡤࢀࡿ᪉ἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪ࣜࢫࢺㄒ࡜ CLᙼ ࡽ ࡢ ྡ ๓ ࡟ ࡕ ࡞ ࢇ ࡛ DRM ࣃ ࣛ ࢲ ࢖ ࣒ㄒࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ old ุ᩿⋡࡟ࡣྠ➼ࡢ Remember(Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm) ࡜࿧ࡤࢀุ᩿ࡀ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ DRM ࣃ ࣛ ࢲ ࢖ ࣒ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ≉ ᐃ ࡢ ㄒ୺ほⓗ࡟ࡣ⌧ᐇ࡟⤒㦂ࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ᙉ࠸᝿㉳ព(critical lure word, ௨ୗ CL ㄒ) ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㐃᝿㛵㆑ࡀక࠺ࡶࡢࡢ㸪ᐈほⓗ࡟ࡣ୙☜࠿࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸

ಀ࡟࠶ࡿᏛ⩦ㄒ࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡓࣜࢫࢺࢆᐇ㦂ཧ࠺グ᠈ࡀᏑᅾࡋᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ຍ⪅࡟࿊♧ࡋࡓᚋ㸪⮬⏤෌⏕ࢸࢫࢺࡸ෌ㄆࢸࢫ グ᠈ࢆ୙☜࠿࡞ࡶࡢ࡟ᑟ࠸࡚ࡋࡲ࠺せᅉࡣ㸪 









グ᠈᝟ሗࡢព࿡ⓗ㛵㐃ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᛮ࠸ฟࡍ

࠶ࡿࠋᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᙼࡽࡢண᝿㏻ࡾ㸪Rp-㡯┠࡜࠸࠺⾜Ⅽࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀ㸪ࡑࡢᛮ࠸ฟࡋࡓ᝟ሗ࡜

࡟ᑐࡍࡿ෌ㄆ཯ᛂ᫬㛫ࡣ Nrp 㡯┠ࡼࡾࡶ㛗ࡃ࡞㛵㐃ࡍࡿ᝟ሗࡢ᳨⣴ྍ⬟ᛶࢆపୗࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜

ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ

ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞グ᠈ࡢᢚไ⌧㇟ࡣࠕ᳨⣴ㄏࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪Veling & van Knippenberg (2004) ࡢㄽᑟᛶᛀ༷ (retrieval-induced forgetting㸸௨ୗ RIF)ࠖ

ᩥ࡟ࡣ࡞ࡐ࠿ old ุ᩿⋡࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⤖ᯝࡀᥖ㍕ࡉ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ (Anderson, Bjork, & Bjork, 1994)ࠋ

ࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ㸪
ࠕRIF ࡑࡢࡶࡢࠖࡀ᳨ฟࡉࢀࡓࡢ࠿

RIF ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ ࡟ ࡣ 㸪 ᳨ ⣴ ⤒ 㦂 ࣃ ࣛ ࢲ ࢖ ࣒ࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓ෌ㄆ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ RIF ࡟ࡘ(retrieval practice paradigm) ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ㸪Ꮫ⩦ẁ࠸࡚㸪Hicks & Starns (2004) ࡣ᳨ฟࡋࡓ୍᪉࡛㸪㝵㸪᳨⣴⤒㦂ẁ㝵㸪ࢸࢫࢺẁ㝵࡜࠸࠺ 3 ࡘࡢẁ᳨ฟࡉࢀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ሗ࿌ (ᯇ⏣࣭ᯇᕝ, 2010) ࡶ㝵࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿᐇ㦂ᡭ⥆ࡁࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࠋᏛ⩦࠶ࡿࠋᯇ⏣࣭ᯇᕝࡣ㸪ⱝᖺ⪅࡜㧗㱋⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ẁ㝵࡛ࡣ㸪ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࡣ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜྡ࡜ࡑࡢ஦

᳨⣴⤒㦂ࣃࣛࢲ࢖࣒࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚㸪᭱⤊ࢸࢫࢺẁ౛࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿᑐ㐃ྜࢆᏛ⩦ࡍࡿ (౛㸸ᯝ≀㸫ࣂࢼ㝵࡛ᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ෌⏕ࢸࢫࢺࢆ⾜ࡗࡓᚋ࡟෌ㄆࢸ

ࢼ㸪ᯝ≀㸫࢜ࣞࣥࢪ㸪㓇㸫ࢫࢥࢵࢳ㸪㓇㸫ࣂ࣮ࢫࢺࢆㄢࡋ㸪୍ᗘ⏕ࡌࡓᢚไຠᯝࡀゎ㝖ࡉࢀࡿ࣎ࣥ)ࠋ᳨⣴⤒㦂ẁ㝵࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦ẁ㝵࡛ぬ࠼ࡓᑐ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ⱝᖺ⪅⩌࡟࠾㐃ྜࡢ࠺ࡕ୍㒊ࡢࡳ㸪ᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ෌⏕ࢆ⾜࠺࠸࡚ࡢࡳ㸪ᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ෌⏕࡛⏕ࡌࡓᢚไຠᯝࡀࡑ

(౛㸸ᯝ≀㸫ࣂ㹝㹝)ࠋࡇࡢẁ㝵᳨࡛⣴ᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡢᚋࡢ෌ㄆࢸࢫࢺ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ゎ㝖ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ

ࡗࡓ㡯┠ࢆ Rp+ (౛㸸ࣂࢼࢼ)㸪ྠࡌ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ

♧ࡋࡓࠋᯇ⏣࣭ᯇᕝࡣࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪㡯┠ࡔࡀ᳨⣴ࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㡯┠ࢆ Rp- (౛㸸࢜ࣞࣥࡢ≉ᐃⓗ࡞ᡭࡀ࠿ࡾࡀ࿊♧ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࢆཎᅉࢪ)㸪࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ⮬యࡀ᳨⣴ᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ

࡜ࡋ࡚ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓᯇ⏣࣭ᯇᕝ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪㡯┠ࢆ Nrp (౛㸸ࢫࢥࢵࢳ㸪ࣂ࣮࣎ࣥ) ࡜ࡋ࡚᧯Hicks & Starns ࡢ◊✲࡜⤖ᯝࡀ୍⮴ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ

సⓗ࡟ᐃ⩏࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪᭱ᚋࡢࢸࢫࢺẁ㝵ࡢࡣ㸪่⃭㡯┠ࡢ࿊♧᫬㛫࡟ᕪࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜

࡛඲࡚ࡢᑐ㐃ྜࡢ஦౛ࢆ᝿㉳ࡉࡏࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪

(Hicks & Starns ࡣ 1750ms㸪ᯇ⏣࣭ᯇᕝࡣ 5000ms)

Nrp 㡯┠࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ Rp+㡯┠ࡢ෌⏕ᡂ⦼ࡣ㧗ࡃࡶཎᅉࡢ 1 ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⩦᫬࡟

࡞ࡿࡀ㸪Rp-㡯┠ࡢ෌⏕ᡂ⦼ࡣపୗࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ

ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿグ᠈⾲㇟ࡢᙉᗘࡶ RIF ࡢ⏕㉳࡜㛵㐃ᡂ⦼పୗࡀ RIF ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ

ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⌧㇟ࡢ⏕㉳࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ

࠺࡟㸪෌ㄆ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ RIF ࡢ⏕㉳࡟ࡣ㸪෌⏕࡟࠾᭷ ຊ ࡞ㄝ ࡜ ࡋ࡚ ᢚไ ㄝ (inhibition hypothesis)ࡅ ࡿ RIF ࡼ ࡾ ࡶ ከ ࡃ ࡢ ቃ ⏺ ᮲ ௳ (boundaryࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᢚไㄝ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪᳨⣴⤒㦂ẁ㝵࡛࿊♧

conditions) ࡀ࠶ࡾࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࡉࢀࡿ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜྡ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ࡟

ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪่⃭ࡢ࿊♧᫬㛫ࢆ Hicks &ᒓࡍࡿᏛ⩦ㄒࡢ㛫࡛άᛶ໬࡟ࡼࡿ➇ྜStarns㸦2004) ࡜ᯇ⏣࣭ᯇᕝ (2010) ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ

(competition) ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡀ㸪ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺㄒࡢ᳨⣴⏝࠸ࡓ࿊♧᫬㛫ࡢ୰㛫࡛࠶ࡿ 3000ms ࡜ࡋ㸪ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࡑࡢ➇ྜࢆゎᾘࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑ

Remember/Know ุ᩿㸦௨ୗ㸪R/K ุ᩿㸧ࢆᣦᶆࡇ࡛㸪㠀᳨⣴ᑐ㇟࡟ᑐࡍࡿᢚไࡀ⏕ࡌ㸪ࢸࢫࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᢚไࡢᏑᅾࢆ♧ࡍ᪂ࡓ࡞⑞㊧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ẁ㝵࡟࠾࠸࡚ RIF ࡀ⏕㉳ࡍࡿࠋ

᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ

Veling & van Knippenberg (2004) ࡣ㸪ࣔࢽࢱ࣮ࠕ⹫グ᠈ࡢ RIFࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᵝࠎ࡞ୖ࡟༢ㄒࡀ࿊♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠿ࡽᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࡀ old ุ◊ ✲ ࡀ ⾜ ࢃ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ Bäuml & Kuhbandner᩿࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ new ุ᩿ࡍࡿࡲ࡛࡟࠿࠿ࡿ཯ᛂ᫬㛫(2003, ᐇ㦂 2) ࡣ㸪ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅࡟ DRM ࣜࢫࢺࢆࢆᢚไࡢᣦᶆ࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪ࡶࡋᢚไࡀ⏕㉳Ꮫ⩦ࡉࡏ㸪ྛࣜࢫࢺࡢ୍㒊ࡢ㡯┠࡟ᑐࡋ᳨࡚⣴ࡋ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ㸪෌ㄆ᫬࡟ᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿάᛶ໬ࣞ࣋ࣝ⤒㦂 (ᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ෌⏕) ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓᚋ࡟⮬⏤෌⏕ࢸ࡟㐩ࡍࡿ᫬㛫ࡀ㛗ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛

ࢫࢺࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪᳨⣴ᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗ





 

ࡓ㡯┠ࡢ෌⏕⋡ཬࡧ CL 㡯┠ࡢ⹫෌⏕⋡ࡣ㸪⤫୙ഛ㸪ࢹ࢕ࢫࢺࣛࢡࢱ࣮ㄒࡢ⹫෌ㄆ⋡ࡢⴭࡋ࠸ไ᮲௳ࡢࡑࢀࡽࡢ㡯┠ࡢ෌⏕⋡࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ప

㧗ࡉ㸪ᐇ㦂ෆᐜ࡬ࡢẼ࡙ࡁ㸪඲࡚ࡢ㡯┠࡟ᑐࡍ࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ Starns & Hicks (2004)ࡿ R ุ᩿⋡ࡢⴭࡋ࠸㧗ࡉ㸪ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛືసࡢ୙

ࡣ㸪᭱⤊ࢸࢫࢺẁ㝵࡟෌ㄆࢸࢫࢺࡸᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ෌

ഛ࡞࡝ࡢ⌮⏤࡟ࡼࡾศᯒᑐ㇟࠿ࡽ㝖እࡋ㸪36 ྡ⏕ࢸࢫࢺࢆ⏝࠸࡚ྠᵝࡢ⤖ᯝࢆሗ࿌ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀ

(⏨ᛶ 18 ྡ㸪ዪᛶ 18 ྡ) ࢆ᭷ຠศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࠋ

ࡽࡢ◊✲ࡣ㸪᳨⣴⤒㦂ࡣṇグ᠈ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ⹫グᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࡢᖹᆒᖺ㱋ࡣ 20.95 ṓ (SD = 1.55)

᠈ࢆࡶᢚไࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ୍᪉㸪୹⸨ (2009) ࡣ㸪⮬⏤෌⏕ࢸࢫࢺ࡛ࡣ

ᐇ㦂ィ⏬  㡯┠ࢱ࢖ࣉ (Rp+ vs. Rp- vs. Nrp

ࣜࢫࢺㄒࡢṇ෌⏕⋡࡜ CL ㄒࡢ⹫෌⏕⋡࡜ࡶ࡟vs. ࢹ࢕ࢫࢺࣛࢡࢱ࣮ vs. CLRp vs. CLNrp) ࢆ⊂ᢚไຠᯝࢆ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡎ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪┤ᚋ෌⏕ࢸࢫࢺ❧ኚᩘ࡜ࡍࡿ୍せᅉ 6 Ỉ‽ࡢᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ෆィ⏬

࡛ࡣࣜࢫࢺㄒࡢṇ෌⏕⋡࡟ᢚไࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡶ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡢࡢ㸪CL ㄒࡢ⹫෌⏕⋡࡟ࡣᢚไࡀ᳨ฟࡉࢀ࡞

ᐇ㦂ᮦᩱ  ่⃭ㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪஦๓ㄪᰝ࡛ᚓࡽ

࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟⹫グ᠈ࡢ RIF

ࢀࡓ 17 ಶࡢࣜࢫࢺ (㈨ᩱཧ↷) ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋ17ࡢ⏕㉳࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᮍࡔ୍㈏ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡀಶࡢࣜࢫࢺࡢ࠺ࡕ 5 ࡘࢆᅛᐃࡢࢹ࢕ࢫࢺࣛࢡࢱ

ᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ⌧≧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪࣮㸪2 ࡘࢆᅛᐃࡢࣇ࢕࣮ࣛࣜࢫࢺ࡜ࡋ㸪ṧࡾࡢࡇࢀࡽࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ⹫グ᠈ࡢ᝿㉳ព㆑࡟ࡘ࠸࡚

10 ࣜࢫࢺࢆ 5 ࣜࢫࢺࡎࡘ࡟ศࡅ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ Rp

᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ

ࣜࢫࢺཬࡧ Nrp ࣜࢫࢺ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ᳨⣴⤒㦂ẁ㝵࡟ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࡣ㸪DRM ࣃࣛࢲ࢖࣒࡜᳨⣴⤒⏝࠸ࡿ෌⏕ᡭࡀ࠿ࡾࡣㄒᖿᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ࡜ࡋࡓ

㦂ࣃࣛࢲ࢖࣒ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿⅬ࡛ࡣඛ⾜◊✲(e.g. ࠼࠸ࡈ→࠼㹝㹝㸪ࡁࡘࡘࡁ→ࡁࡘ㹝㹝)ࠋ

࡜ྠᵝࡔࡀ㸪ࢸࢫࢺẁ㝵࡛ࡢ෌ㄆㄢ㢟࡟㸪෌ㄆࡲࡓ㸪ྛ Rp ࣜࢫࢺࡢᏛ⩦ㄒࡢ࠺ࡕ༙ᩘࢆ Rp+㸪᫬ࡢព㆑≧ែࢆ♧ࡍ Remember/Know ᡭ⥆ࡁࢆ

ṧࡾࢆ Rp-࡜ࡋࡓࠋ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪᳨⣴⾜Ⅽ࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿᢚไ ࡲࡓ㸪ィ⟬ㄢ㢟⏝ࡢᩘᏐ㸪่⃭ㄒཬࡧㄒᖿᡭ

ࡢ⑞㊧࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ

ࡀ࠿ࡾࡢ࿊♧ࡣ SuperLab Pro ࢆ⏝࠸㸪ࣜࢫࢺࡈ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪᳨⣴⤒㦂ࣜࢫࢺ (ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ Rp ࣜࢫ࡜࡟ࣈࣟࢵࢡ࿊♧ࡍࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆసᡂࡋࡓࠋࢺ) ࡟ᒓࡍࡿ CL ㄒࢆ CLRp 㡯┠㸪㠀᳨⣴⤒㦂ࣜ࡞࠾㸪ึ㢌ຠᯝཬࡧ᪂㏆ຠᯝࢆ㝖እࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ࢫࢺ (ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ Nrp ࣜࢫࢺ) ࡟ᒓࡍࡿ CLNrp 㡯┠᭱ึ࡜᭱ᚋࡣࣇ࢕࣮ࣛࣜࢫࢺࢆ 1 ࣜࢫࢺࡎࡘ࿊

࡜ࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡒࢀᐃ⩏ࡍࡿࠋ♧ࡋࡓࠋ௬ㄝࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ᥈⣴ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡽࡊࡿࢆᚓ

ᡭ⥆ࡁ  ಶู࡟ᐇ㦂ᐊᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᐇ㦂࡞࠸ࡀ㸪௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎ㸪ࣜࢫࢺㄒࡢ

ཧຍ⪅ࡣࠕグ᠈ດຊࡀィ⟬ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫ࡟ཬ

old ุ᩿⋡ࡣ Rp+ > Nrp > Rp-࡜࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋCLRpࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆㄪ࡭ࡿᐇ㦂ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࢹ࢕ࢭࣉࢩࣙࣥ

㡯┠࡟ᑐࡍࡿ R ุ᩿⋡ࡣ Rp+࡜ྠ➼࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ

ࡢ࠶ࡿᩍ♧ࢆཷࡅࡓᚋ㸪ィ⟬ㄢ㢟 (ࣔࢽࢱ࣮ୖ

ࡲࡓ㸪CLRp 㡯┠ࡢ old ุ᩿⋡࡜ CLNrp 㡯┠ࡢ old࡟ 1 ⛊࡟ࡘࡁ 1 ࡘࡎࡘ⾲♧ࡉࢀࡿⰍࡢࡘ࠸ࡓᩘ

ุ᩿⋡ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࠕ⹫෌ㄆࡢ RIFࠖࡀ⏕Ꮠ 5 ಶࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪㟷ⰍࡢᩘᏐࡢࡳࢆ㊊ࡋཱྀ࡚㢌࡛㉳ࡍࡿ࠿ࢆ᥈⣴ⓗ࡟᳨ウࡍࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪ᢚไࡀ⟅࠼ࡿ) ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᅇ᝿࡜⇍▱ᛶࡢ࡝ࡕࡽ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ࠿࡟ࡘ
࠸࡚ࡶేࡏ᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࠋḟ࡟㸪1 ࡘࡢࣜࢫࢺᏛ⩦ (1 ㄒ࡟ࡘࡁ 3 ⛊࿊♧)ࡢᚋ࡟㸪ᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ෌⏕ㄢ㢟ࡲࡓࡣィ⟬ㄢ㢟ࢆィ
10 ࣜࢫࢺศᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟෉Ꮚࢆ⏝࠸࡚ R/K᪉ἲุ᩿ྵࡴ෌ㄆㄢ㢟ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋR/K ࡢព࿡ࡀᐇ㦂 ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅  ᒱ㜧኱Ꮫᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊ࡢᏛ⏕ 44ཧຍ⪅࡟ఏࢃࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࠕぬ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠖ

ྡࡀᐇ㦂࡟ཧຍࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ 8 ྡࢆ㸪ᅇ⟅ࡢࠕศ࠿ࡿࡔࡅࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࣛ࣋ࣝ (⸨⏣, 1999) ࢆ౑ 









⏝ࡋ㸪Ꮫ⩦᫬࡟⏕ࡌࡓࡇ࡜ࡸ⤒㦂ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ෌

CLNrp 㡯┠ࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟㧗࠿ࡗࡓ (p < .01)ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡧព㆑ⓗ࡟࠶ࡾ࠶ࡾ࡜Ẽ࡙ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿

CLRp 㡯┠࡜ CLNrp 㡯┠࡜ࡢ㛫࡟ࡣ᭷ព࡞ᕪࡣㄆ

ྰ࠿࡛༊ูࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᩍ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ ࡞࠾㸪෌ㄆㄢ㢟ࡢᏑᅾࢆ᭱ึ࡟ᩍ♧ࡋ࡞࠸ࡢR ุ᩿⋡  3 Ỉ‽ࡢศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࡣ㸪ࡑࢀ࡟ഛ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࡢグ᠈᪉␎ࢁ㸪୺ຠᯝࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓ (F (2, 70) = 58.74, pࢆ㜵ࡄࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࡼࡾಙ㢗ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿࢹ࣮ࢱ

< .001)ࠋከ㔜ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪CLRp 㡯┠ཬࡧࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

CLNrp 㡯┠ࡣࢹ࢕ࢫࢺࣛࢡࢱ࣮㡯┠ࡼࡾ᭷ព࡟

R ุ᩿⋡ࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓ (ps < .001)ࠋ
⤖ᯝḟ࡟㸪 5 Ỉ‽ࡢศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪୺ྛ㡯┠ࡢ old ุ᩿⋡㸪R ุ᩿⋡㸪K ุ᩿⋡ࢆຠ ᯝ ࡀ ᭷ ព ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ (F (4, 140) = 23.02, p

Table 1 ࡟♧ࡍࠋ࡞࠾㸪ࡇࢀࡽࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡍࡿ

< .001)ࠋከ㔜ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪Rp+㡯┠ࡣ Rp-

୍せᅉศᩓศᯒࡣ㸪6 ࡘࡢỈ‽ࡀᣢࡘྛᚑᒓኚ

㡯┠㸪Nrp 㡯┠㸪CLRp 㡯┠ཬࡧ CLNrp 㡯┠ࡼࡾᩘ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㛵ಀᛶࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃ

ࡶ᭷ព࡟㧗࠿ࡗࡓ (ps < .001)ࠋRp-㡯┠ࡣ CLRpࡕ㸪3 Ỉ‽ (CLRp vs. CLNrp vs. ࢹ࢕ࢫࢺࣛࢡࢱ

㡯┠ཬࡧ CLNrp 㡯┠ࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟㧗࠿ࡗࡓ (ps࣮) ࡢศᩓศᯒࡣ⹫෌ㄆࡢ⏕㉳ࢆㄪ࡭ࡿศᯒ࡛

< .01) ࡀ㸪Nrp 㡯┠࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ᕪࡣぢࡽࢀ࠶ࡾ㸪5 Ỉ‽ (Rp+ vs. Rp- vs. Nrp vs. CLRp vs.

࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋNrp 㡯┠ࡣ CLRp 㡯┠ཬࡧ CLNrp 㡯┠

CLNrp) ࡢศᩓศᯒࡣྛ✀ุ᩿⋡ࡢ኱ࡁࡉࢆẚࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟㧗࠿ࡗࡓ (ps < .001)ࠋࡲࡓ㸪CLRp㍑ࡍࡿศᯒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ከ㔜ẚ㍑ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ

㡯┠࡜ CLNrp 㡯┠࡜ࡢ㛫࡟ࡣ᭷ព࡞ᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽ

Ryan ἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

old ุ᩿⋡  3 Ỉ‽ࡢศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖K ุ᩿⋡  3 Ỉ‽ࡢศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇᯝ㸪୺ຠᯝࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓ (F (2, 70) = 170.28, pࢁ㸪㡯┠ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ୺ຠᯝࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓ (F (2,< .001)ࠋከ㔜ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪CLRp 㡯┠ཬ70) = 20.50, p < .001)ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ከ㔜ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡧ CLNrp 㡯┠ࡣࢹ࢕ࢫࢺࣛࢡࢱ࣮㡯┠ࡼࡾ᭷ព⤖ᯝ㸪CLRp 㡯┠ཬࡧ CLNrp 㡯┠ࡣࢹ࢕ࢫࢺࣛࢡ

࡟ old ุ᩿⋡ࡀ㧗ࡃ (ps < .001)㸪⹫෌ㄆࡀ⏕㉳ࢱ࣮㡯┠ࡼࡾ᭷ព࡟ K ุ᩿⋡ࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓ (psࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ< .001)ࠋ

ḟ࡟㸪5 Ỉ‽ࡢศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪୺ຠḟ࡟㸪 5 Ỉ‽ࡢศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪㡯ᯝࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓ (F (4, 140) = 11.90, p < .001)ࠋ

┠ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ୺ຠᯝࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓ (F (4, 140) =ከ㔜ẚ㍑ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪Rp+㡯┠ࡣ Rp-㡯┠㸪Nrp 㡯┠㸪

4.15, p < .005)ࠋከ㔜ẚ㍑ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪Rp+㡯┠ࡣ㸪

CLRp 㡯┠ཬࡧ CLNrp ࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟㧗࠿ࡗࡓ (psCLRp 㡯┠ཬࡧ CLNrp 㡯┠ࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟ప࠿ࡗࡓ

< .005)ࠋRp-㡯┠ࡣ Nrp 㡯┠ཬࡧ CLRp 㡯┠࡜ࡢ(ps < .005) ࡀ㸪Rp-㡯┠ཬࡧ Nrp 㡯┠࡜ࡢ㛫࡟ࡣ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ᕪࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀ㸪CLNrp 㡯┠ࡼ᭷ព࡞ᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

ࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟㧗࠿ࡗࡓ (p < .01)ࠋNrp 㡯┠ࡣ CLRp

Rp-㡯┠ࡣ㸪Nrp 㡯┠㸪CLRp 㡯┠ཬࡧ CLNrp 㡯┠㡯┠࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ᕪࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀ㸪࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ᕪࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋNrp 㡯┠

Table 1 ࣜࢫࢺ඲య࡟࠾ࡅࡿྛ㡯┠ࡢ old ุ᩿⋡㸪R ุ᩿⋡ཬࡧ K ุ᩿⋡(ᣓᘼෆࡣ SD ࢆ♧ࡍ)
Rp+

Rp-

Nrp

CLRp

CLNrp

ࢹ࢕ࢫࢺࣛࢡࢱ࣮

old ุ᩿⋡0.88 (0.10)

0.75 (0.13)

0.76 (0.12)

0.71 (0.25)

0.66 (0.23)

0.04 (0.05)

R ุ᩿⋡

0.70 (0.15)

0.53 (0.16)

0.55 (0.14)

0.42 (0.23)

0.36 (0.26)

0.01 (0.02)

K ุ᩿⋡

0.18 (0.13)

0.22 (0.15)

0.21 (0.13)

0.28 (0.29)

0.30 (0.26)

0.04 (0.04)







 



ࡣ CLRp 㡯┠࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿

⤖ᯝ㸪୺ຠᯝࡀ᭷ព࡞ഴྥ࡟࠶ࡗࡓ (F (4, 140)ࡗࡓࡀ㸪CLNrp 㡯┠ࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟ప࠿ࡗࡓ (p= 2.43, p < .10)ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ከ㔜ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪< .10)ࠋࡲࡓ㸪CLRp 㡯┠࡜ CLNrp 㡯┠࡜ࡢ㛫࡟ࡣ

Rp+㡯┠ࡀ Rp-㡯┠ࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟㧗࠿ࡗࡓ (p᭷ព࡞ᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

< .005)ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢ࡝ࡢ㡯┠㛫࡟࠾࠸࡚

Bäuml & Kuhbandner (2003) ࡸ୹⸨ (2009) ࢆࡶ᭷ព࡞ᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

ཧ⪃࡟㸪Ꮫ⩦᫬࡟⏝࠸ࡓࣜࢫࢺࢆ CL 㡯┠ࡢ old

R ุ᩿⋡ 㧗⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺ  ศᩓศᯒࡢ⤖ุ᩿⋡ࡢ୰ኸ್࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ 5 ಶࡎࡘࡢ 2 ࢭࢵࢺ࡟ᯝ㸪୺ຠᯝࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓ (F (4, 140) = 3.80, p

ศ๭ࡋ㸪CL ㄒࡢ old ุ᩿⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ࣜࢫࢺ࣭ࢭࢵ

< .01)ࠋከ㔜ẚ㍑ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪Rp+㡯┠ࡣ Rp-㡯┠㸪ࢺࢆ㧗⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺ㸪CL ㄒࡢ old ุ᩿⋡ࡀప࠸

Nrp 㡯┠㸪CLRp 㡯┠ཬࡧ CLNrp 㡯┠ࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព

ࣜࢫࢺ࣭ࢭࢵࢺࢆప⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚㏣ຍⓗ࡟㧗࠿ࡗࡓ (ps < .05)ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢ࡝ࡢ㡯࡞ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋྛࣜࢫࢺ࣭ࢭࢵࢺࡢ CL ㄒࡢ┠㛫࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ᭷ពᕪࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

old ุ᩿⋡ࡣ㸪㧗⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺࡀ 81.1% (SD =K ุ᩿⋡ 㧗⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺ   ศᩓศᯒࡢ

0.10)㸪ప⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺࡀ 55.0% (SD = 0.14) ࡛࠶⤖ᯝ㸪୺ຠᯝ࡟᭷ពᕪࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ (F (4, 140) =ࡗࡓࠋ࡞࠾㸪㧗⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺࡣࠕࡑࡘࡂࡻ࠺ࠖ

4.67, p < .005)ࠋከ㔜ẚ㍑ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪CLNrp 㡯┠ࡣࠕࡃࡘ࠺ࠖࠕࡅࢇࡁࡹ࠺ࠖ
ࠕࡋࡷࡗࡁࢇࠖ
ࠕࡋࡐࢇࠖ

Rp+㡯┠㸪Rp-㡯┠ཬࡧ Nrp 㡯┠ࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟㧗࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ప⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺࡣࠕ࡯࠺ࡏࡁࠖࠕ࡚ࢇࡉࡃ (ps < .05)㸪CLRp 㡯┠ࡼࡾ㧗࠸ഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀ࠸ࠖࠕ࠾ࢇࡀࡃࠖ
ࠕࡦࡻ࠺ࡌࡻ࠺ࠖ
ࠕࡔ࠸ࡌࢇ࡛ࠖࡓ (p < .10)ࠋ

࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

old ุ᩿⋡ ప⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺ   ศᩓศᯒࡢ

Table 2 ࡟㧗⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺཬࡧప⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫ

⤖ᯝ㸪୺ຠᯝࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓ (F (4, 140) = 19.32,

ࢺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿྛ㡯┠ࡢ old ุ᩿⋡㸪R ุ᩿⋡ཬࡧp < .001)ࠋከ㔜ẚ㍑ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪Rp+㡯┠ࡣ௚ࡢ࡝ࡢ

K ุ᩿⋡㸪Table 3 ࡟ప⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿྛ㡯 ┠ ࡼ ࡾ ࡶ ᭷ ព ࡟ 㧗 ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ( p s㡯┠ࡢ old ุ᩿⋡㸪R ุ᩿⋡ཬࡧ K ุ᩿⋡ࢆ< .05)ࠋ Rp-㡯┠ࡣ㸪CLRp 㡯┠࡜ CLNrp 㡯┠ࡼTable3 ࡟♧ࡍࠋ࡞࠾㸪௨ୗࡢศᯒࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ 5ࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟㧗࠿ࡗࡓ (ps < .001) ࡀ㸪Nrp 㡯┠࡜Ỉ‽࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋNrp 㡯┠

old ุ᩿⋡ 㧗⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺ   ศᩓศᯒࡢ

ࡣ㸪CLRp 㡯┠࡜ CLNrp 㡯┠ࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟㧗࠿ࡗ

Table 2 㧗⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿྛ㡯┠ࡢ old ุ᩿⋡㸪R ุ᩿⋡ཬࡧ K ุ᩿⋡(ᣓᘼෆࡣ SD ࢆ♧ࡍ)
Rp+

Rp-

Nrp

CLRp

CLNrp

old ุ᩿⋡0.87 (0.14)

0.74 (0.16)

0.77 (0.13)

0.80 (0.26)

0.82 (0.25)

R ุ᩿⋡

0.69 (0.19)

0.51 (0.22)

0.54 (0.21)

0.50 (0.36)

0.48 (0.35)

K ุ᩿⋡

0.14 (0.13)

0.20 (0.17)

0.21 (0.15)

0.24 (0.28)

0.33 (0.34)

Table 3 ప⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿྛ㡯┠ࡢ old ุ᩿⋡㸪R ุ᩿⋡ཬࡧ K ุ᩿⋡(ᣓᘼෆࡣ SD ࢆ♧ࡍ)
Rp+

Rp-

Nrp

CLRp

CLNrp

old ุ᩿⋡0.88 (0.11)

0.76 (0.16)

0.75 (0.15)

0.57 (0.37)

0.49 (0.34)

R ุ᩿⋡

0.71 (0.16)

0.55 (0.17)

0.54 (0.16)

0.31 (0.28)

0.23 (0.27)

K ุ᩿⋡

0.18 (0.14)

0.21 (0.16)

0.21 (0.16)

0.26 (0.32)

0.25 (0.30)

 







ࡓ (ps < .001)ࠋࡲࡓ㸪CLRp 㡯┠࡜ CLNrp 㡯┠࡜᩿⋡࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪CLRp 㡯┠ࡀ CLNrp 㡯┠ࡼࡾࡶ᭷ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ᕪࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

ព࡟ప࠸ഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇ

R ุ᩿⋡ ప⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺ   ศᩓศᯒࢆ

ࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪old ุ᩿⋡࡜࠸࠺⾲㠃ⓗ࡞グ᠈ᡂ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪୺ຠᯝࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓ (F (4,⦼࡟࠾࠸࡚࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟࠶ࡿព㆑ⓗせ140) = 32.15, p < .001)ࠋከ㔜ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪⣲㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕ⇍▱ᛶࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟࠾࠸

Rp+㡯┠ࡣ௚ࡢ࡝ࡢ㡯┠ࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟㧗࠿ࡗࡓ᳨࡚⣴⤒㦂࡟ࡼࡿᢚไࡢ⑞㊧ࡀ᳨ฟࡉࢀࡓ࡜

(ps < .005)ࠋRp-㡯┠ࡣ㸪CLRp 㡯┠࡜ CLNrp 㡯┠⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

ࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟㧗࠿ࡗࡓ (ps < .001) ࡀ㸪Nrp 㡯┠ṇグ᠈ࡢ RIF ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ᳨ウ  ࣜࢫࢺ඲య㸪࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋNrp 㡯㧗⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺཬࡧప⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ

┠ࡣ㸪CLRp 㡯┠࡜ CLNrp 㡯┠ࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟㧗࠿ࣜࢫࢺㄒࡢ old ุ᩿⋡࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪RIF ࡣ᳨ฟࡉࡗࡓ (ps < .001)ࠋࡲࡓ㸪CLRp 㡯┠࡜ CLNrp 㡯┠ࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣᯇ⏣࣭ᯇᕝ (2010) ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ᕪࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

࡜୍⮴ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶᢚไ

K ุ᩿⋡ ప⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺ   ศᩓศᯒࢆ
⾜ࡗࡓࡀ㸪୺ຠᯝࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ (F (4,ࡢゎ㝖ࡀ⏕ࡌࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ᯇ⏣࣭ᯇᕝ (2010) ࡣ㸪ᢚไࡀゎ㝖ࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺⌧㇟ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓཎᅉࡢ 1 ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪㡯┠ࡢ140) = 1.32, n.s.)ࠋ
≉ᐃⓗ࡞ᡭ᥃࠿ࡾࡀ࿊♧ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ

⪃ᐹ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡓ෌ㄆࢸࢫࢺ࡛ࡶྠ

ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࡣ㸪DRM ࣃࣛࢲ࢖࣒࡜᳨⣴⤒ᵝ࡟ᢚไゎ㝖ࡀ⏕ࡌࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲ

㦂ࣃࣛࢲ࢖࣒ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ㸪ࢸࢫࢺẁ㝵࡛෌ㄆࡓ㸪ࡑࡢ௚࡟ᢚไࡢゎ㝖࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍྍ⬟ᛶㄢ㢟 (old/new ุ᩿) ࡟ࡼࡿ㡯┠ࡢ old ุ᩿⋡࡟ࡢ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᐇ㦂࡛᧯సࡍࡿኚᩘ࡟╔┠ຍ࠼࡚㸪௚ࡢᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚෌ㄆ᫬ࡢព㆑≧ែࢆ♧ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋKoutstaal, Schacter, Johnson, &ࡍ Remember/Know ᡭ⥆ࡁࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ

Galluccio (1999, ᐇ㦂 2) ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦ẁ㝵࡛ᐇ㦂ཧ࡚㸪᳨⣴⾜Ⅽ࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿᢚไࡢ⑞㊧࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚

ຍ⪅࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ヨ⾜ࡈ࡜࡟≉ᐃࡢ⾜Ⅽࢆ⾜࠺ࡼウࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ௬ㄝࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ᥈⣴ⓗ࡞࠺࡟ᩍ♧ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᚋࡢᅇ᝿ẁ㝵࡛ࡣ⏬ീࢆ࿊♧ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪௨ୗࡢ 2 ࡘ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ1) ࣜࢫࢺࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ⏬ീ࡟෗ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⾜Ⅽࢆࡋࡓ᫬ࡢ≧ㄒࡢ old ุ᩿⋡ࡣ Rp+ > Nrp > Rp-࡜࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ

ἣࡸ⤒㦂ࢆ࡛ࡁࡿ㝈ࡾࡣࡗࡁࡾᛮ࠸ฟࡍࡼ࠺

2) CLRp 㡯┠࡟ᑐࡍࡿ R ุ᩿⋡ࡣ Rp+㡯┠࡜ྠ➼ồࡵࡓࠋ⥆ࡃ᭱⤊ࢸࢫࢺẁ㝵࡛ࡣ㸪ᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ෌

࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡓ㸪CLRp 㡯┠ࡢ old ุ᩿⋡࡜ CLNrp⏕࡜෌ㄆࡢ㐃ྜࢸࢫࢺࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᅇ㡯┠ࡢ old ุ᩿⋡ࢆẚ㍑ࡋ㸪ࠕ⹫෌ㄆࡢ RIFࠖࡀ᝿⤒㦂 (ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ᳨⣴⤒㦂) ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸㡯⏕㉳ࡍࡿ࠿ࢆ᥈⣴ⓗ࡟᳨ウࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪ᢚไ┠ࡣ⤫ไ⩌࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ old ุ᩿⋡࡟ᕪࡀぢࡽࢀࡀᅇ᝿࡜⇍▱ᛶࡢ࡝ࡕࡽ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ࠿࡟

ࡎ㸪ᅇ᝿⤒㦂࡟ࡼࡿᢚไࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶేࡏ᳨࡚ウࡋࡓࠋࡑࡶࡑࡶ Koutstaal et al. (1999) ࡢᐇ㦂࡛ࡣ㸪ᐇ ᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪඲࡚ࡢࣜࢫࢺ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࣜࢫࢺ㝿ࡢࠕ⾜Ⅽࠖ࡜࠸࠺♧ᕪⓗ࡞᝟ሗࢆグ᠈่⃭࡜ㄒ (ṇグ᠈) ࡢ RIF ཬࡧ⹫グ᠈ࡢ RIF ࡣ᳨ฟࡉࡋ࡚⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪Ꮫ⩦᫬ࡢグ᠈⾲㇟ࡀᙉࡃ㸪ࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ (ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪Rp+㡯┠࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᳨⣴⤒ᢚไࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡟ࡃ࠿ࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽ㦂ࡢಁ㐍ຠᯝࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ)ࠋࡲࡓ㸪CLRp 㡯┠ࢀࡿࠋ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ R ุ᩿⋡ࡣ㸪࡝ࡢࣜࢫࢺ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ

ࡲࡓ㸪ᯇ⏣࣭ᯇᕝ (2014) ࡣ㸪෌ㄆࢸࢫࢺࢆ

Rp+㡯┠ࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟పࡃ㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡢ௬ㄝࡣ඲

⏝࠸㸪ᐇ㦂࡛᧯సࡍࡿኚᩘࡢ࠺ࡕ࿊♧᫬㛫࡟╔࡚ᨭᣢࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

┠ࡋ࡚ᢚไࡢゎ㝖࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪㧗⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ K ุ่⃭ࡢ࿊♧᫬㛫ࡀ▷࠸᮲௳ (1500ms) ࡛ࡣ RIF





 

ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪࿊♧᫬㛫ࡀ㛗࠸᮲௳ࢫࢺࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀᢚไࡢゎ㝖࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼

(5000ms) ࡛ࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡎ㸪Ꮫ⩦ẁ㝵ࡢ༑ศ࡞グࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓᯇ⏣࣭ᯇᕝ㖭άືࡶᢚไࡢゎ㝖࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ

(2010, 2014) ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ṇグ᠈࡟ᑐࡍࡿᢚไ

࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋᮏ◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿ่⃭ࡢ࿊♧ࡢゎ㝖ࡣ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢ㸪⹫グ᠈࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶྠᵝ᫬ 㛫 ࡣ Hicks & Starns (2004) ࡜ ᯇ ⏣ ࣭ ᯇ ᕝ࡟ᢚไࡢゎ㝖ࡀ⏕㉳ࡍࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣゝཬࡋ

(2010) ࡢ࿊♧᫬㛫ࡢ୰㛫್࡛࠶ࡿ 3000ms ࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ㸪⹫グ᠈ࡢᢚไࡢゎ㝖࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᫂ࡽ࠿

ࡓࡓࡵ㸪ᯇ⏣࣭ᯇᕝࡼࡾࡣẚ㍑ⓗ่⃭ࡢ࿊♧᫬࡟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ◊✲ࡣ➹⪅ࡽࡢ▱ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡣ

㛫࡟ࡼࡿᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡟ࡃ࠿ࡗࡓࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᮍࡔぢཷࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪᳨⣴⤒㦂࡟ᐇ㝿࡟ࡣ RIF ࡣ᳨ฟࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ࡼࡗ࡚⹫グ᠈࡬ࡢᢚไࡶゎ㝖ࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵ࡟㸪⹫෌ㄆㄢ㢟ࡣ࿊♧᫬㛫࡟ᩄឤ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡓࡗࡓᩘ⛊グ᠈ࡢ RIF ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᢚ

࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ࿊♧᫬㛫ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡸࡍ࠸࡜࠸

ไࡢゎ㝖ࡀ⹫グ᠈࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶぢࡽࢀࡿ⌧㇟࡛࠺㸪෌ㄆㄢ㢟≉᭷ࡢఱࡽ࠿ࡢၥ㢟ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿྍ

࠶ࡿࡢ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪௒ᚋࡉࡽ࡟᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᢚไࡢゎ㝖ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ࣓࢝ࢽᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ

ࢬ࣒ࡸࡑࡢཎᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪௒ᚋࡶࡉࡽ࡟㏣✲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡭ࡁㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
⹫グ᠈ࡢ RIF ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ᳨ウ  ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪᭱ᚋ࡟㸪άᛶ໬࡜ᢚไࡀ஫࠸࡟ᡴࡕᾘࡋྜࡗ
࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᢚไㄝ࡟
ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡲࡎᏛ⩦ẁ㝵⹫グ᠈ࡢ RIF ࡀ⏕㉳ࡍࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆ᥈⣴ⓗ࡟᳨࡟࠾࠸࡚ Rp ࣜࢫࢺ࡜ Nrp ࣜࢫࢺࢆᏛ⩦ࡍࡿࡇウࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᢚไㄝ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸

࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࡇࢀࡽ࡜ព࿡ⓗ㐃᝿㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡿ࡚⪃࠼ࡿ࡜㸪᳨⣴⤒㦂ẁ㝵࡟࠾࠸࡚ Rp+㡯┠ࢆ

CLRp 㡯┠࡜ CLNrp 㡯┠ࡀάᛶ໬ࡉࢀࡿࠋ⥆ࡃ᳨᳨⣴⤒㦂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪Rp+㡯┠࡜ྠࡌࣜ⣴⤒㦂ẁ㝵࡟࠾࠸࡚ Rp+㡯┠ࡢ᳨⣴⤒㦂࡟ࡼࡗࢫࢺ࡟ᒓࡍࡿ Rp-㡯┠ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪ព࿡ⓗ㐃᝿࡚㸪Rp+㡯┠࡜ྠࡌ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ࡟ᒓࡍࡿ Rp-㡯┠㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡿ CLRp 㡯┠࡟ࡶάᛶ໬࡟ࡼࡿ➇ྜࡀ࡜㸪ព࿡ⓗ㐃᝿㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡿ CLRp 㡯┠࡟άᛶ໬࡟

⏕ࡌࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪CLRp 㡯┠࡟ᑐࡼࡿ➇ྜࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࠋᢚไㄝ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪ࡇࡢ➇ྜ

ࡋ࡚ࡶ Rp-㡯┠࡜ྠᵝ࡟➇ྜࢆゎᾘࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟

ࢆῶᑡࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᢚไࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡓࡵ㸪RIF ࡀᢚไࡀ⏕ࡌࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

⏕㉳ࡍࡿ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪⏕ࡌࡿ

CLRp 㡯┠࡜ CLNrp 㡯┠ࡢ old ุ᩿⋡ࢆẚ㍑ࡋ

ᢚไࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡣ࡝ࢇ࡞ሙྜ࡟ࡶ୍ᐃ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜

ࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪඲࡚ࡢࣜࢫࢺ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪୧⪅ࡢ㛫࡟᭷࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ➇ྜᑐ㇟ࡀάᛶ㔞ࡢከ࠸㡯ព࡞ᕪࡣぢࡽࢀࡎ㸪ࠕ⹫෌ㄆࡢ RIFࠖࡣ⏕㉳ࡋ࡞┠㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᒓࡍࡿ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡢ୰࡛඾ᆺᛶࡀ

࠿ࡗࡓࠋᮏ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚⹫グ᠈ࡢ RIF ࡀぢࡽࢀ㧗࠸㡯┠ࡢሙྜ㸪᳨⣴⤒㦂᫬࡟➇ྜࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡓ

࡞࠿ࡗࡓཎᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ḟࡢ 3 ࡘࡀྍ⬟ᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡵ㸪ࡑࡢศ⏕ࡌࡿᢚไ㔞ࡶ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡀ㸪➇ྜ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

ᑐ㇟ࡢάᛶ㔞ࡀᑡ࡞࠸㡯┠㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᒓࡍࡿ࢝

ࡲࡎ㸪CL ㄒ⮬యࡀᢚไࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ྍ

ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡢ୰࡛඾ᆺᛶࡀప࠸㡯┠ࡢሙྜ㸪⏕ࡌ⬟ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣ᪤࡟⹫

ࡿᢚไ㔞ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ

グ᠈ࡢ RIF ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪(Anderson et al., 1994)ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ᐇ㦂ࡇࡢゎ㔘ࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ࡇࡢྍ⬟่⃭࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡓࣜࢫࢺࡢ CLRp 㡯┠ࡢ඾ᆺᛶᛶࡣ㐺ษ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

ࡀప࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪⏕ࡌࡓᢚไ㔞ࡀᑡ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ

ḟ࡟㸪⹫グ᠈࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࣜࢫࢺㄒ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ᢚ࡜ࡀᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪ᮏ◊ไࡢゎ㝖ࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡓྍ⬟ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋඛ࡟ࡶ㏙✲࡟࠾࠸࡚⹫グ᠈ࡢ RIF ࡀ⏕㉳ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸪

࡭ࡓ㏻ࡾ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ่⃭ࡢ࿊♧᫬㛫ࡀẚ㍑ⓗ᳨⣴⤒㦂᫬࡟ CLRp 㡯┠࡟ᑐࡍࡿᢚไࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚༑ศ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡸ㸪᭱⤊ࢸࢫࢺẁ㝵࡛෌ㄆࢸ࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡢࡑࢀࡣᚤ㔞࡛࠶ࡾ㸪➇ྜࢆ᏶඲࡟ῶ 



ᑡࡉࡏࡿ࡯࡝࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪᭱⤊ࢸࢫࢺẁ







࡞ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ㝵࡛ࡢ old ุ᩿⋡࡛ࡣ᳨ฟࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺

ࡶ࠺ 1 ࡘࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦ࣔࢲࣜࢸ࢕ࡼࡿᙳ㡪࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ᮏ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ old

Gallo (2006 ྥᒃヂ 2010) ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪⫈ぬⓗ࡟ุ᩿⋡ୖ࡛ࡣ⹫グ᠈ࡢ RIF ࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ

ࣜࢫࢺࡀᏛ⩦ࡉࢀࡓ᫬㸪CL 㡯┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ R

ࡀ㸪᳨⣴⤒㦂ẁ㝵࡟࠾࠸࡚ᢚไ⮬యࡣ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ุ᩿ࡣࣜࢫࢺㄒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ R ุ᩿࡜ྠ➼ࡢ㢖ᗘࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

࡛࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ࣜࢫࢺㄒࡀどぬⓗ࡟࿊R ุ᩿⋡࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ᳨ウ  ࡲࡎ㸪඲࡚ࡢࣜ♧ࡉࢀࡓ᫬㸪ࣜࢫࢺㄒࡢ R ุ᩿ࡣ CL ㄒࡢ R ุࢫࢺ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Rp+㡯┠ࡢ᪉ࡀ CLRp 㡯┠ࡼࡾࡶ᩿ ࡼ ࡾ ࡶ 㧗 ࡃ ࡞ ࡿ ࠋ Roediger & McDermottR ุ᩿⋡ࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪ᐇ㝿࡟᳨⣴⤒㦂

(1995) ࡢᐇ㦂࡛ࡣࣜࢫࢺㄒࢆ⫈ぬ࿊♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ Rp+㡯┠ࡢ᪉ࡀ㸪CLRp 㡯┠ࡼࡾࡶ୺ほࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ่⃭ࢆࣔࢽࢱ࣮ୖ࡛

ⓗ࡞᝿㉳ព㆑ࢆకࡗ࡚෌ㄆࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀

どぬⓗ࡟࿊♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ୍⯡ⓗ࡞᳨⣴⤒㦂ࣃࣛࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Roediger & McDermott (1995) ࡛♧ࡉࢲ࢖࣒࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦᫬࡟่⃭ࢆどぬⓗ࡟࿊♧ࡋ࡚ࢀࡓ୺ほⓗ᝿㉳ព㆑ࡢ๭ྜ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ⤖ᯝ࡛࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡶࡑࡢ࿊♧᪉ἲ࡟ᚑ࠸㸪࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ R ุ᩿⋡࡟ᕪࡀぢࡽࢀࡓཎᅉ࡜

⫈ぬ࿊♧࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃどぬ࿊♧ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀ

ࡋ࡚௨ୗࡢ 2 Ⅼࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

ࡗ࡚㸪Ꮫ⩦᫬ࡢࣔࢲࣜࢸ࢕ࡀ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜

1 ࡘ ࡣ 㸪 ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡜ Roediger & McDermott(1995㸹ᐇ㦂 2) ࡢᐇ㦂ᡭ⥆ࡁࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶

ࡶ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ R ุ᩿⋡࡟ᕪࡀぢࡽࢀࡓཎᅉࡢ 1ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

ࡿࠋRoediger & McDermott ࡢᐇ㦂ᡭ⥆ࡁ࡛ࡣ㸪K ุ᩿⋡࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ᳨ウ  㧗⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺ

ྛࣜࢫࢺㄒࡢᏛ⩦ᚋ࡟⮬⏤෌⏕ࢸࢫࢺࢆ⾜࠸㸪ࡢ K ุ᩿⋡࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪CLNrp 㡯┠ࡣ CLRp 㡯┠ࡼ඲࡚ࡢࣜࢫࢺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᏛ⩦࡜෌⏕ࢸࢫࢺࡢࡾࡶ㧗࠿ࡗࡓ (p < .10)ࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡢゎ㔘࡟ࡘ࠸⤊஢ᚋ㸪Remember/Know ุ᩿ࢆྵࢇࡔ෌ㄆࢸࢫ

࡚㸪CLNrp 㡯┠࡟ᑐࡍࡿ K ุ᩿ࡀ㧗ࡲࡗࡓྍ⬟ࢺࢆ⾜࠺࡜࠸࠺ᡭ⥆ࡁ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋRoediger &ᛶ࡜㸪CLRp 㡯┠࡟ᑐࡍࡿ K ุ᩿ࡀపࡃ࡞ࡗࡓྍ

McDermott ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦᫬࡟ព࿡ⓗ࡟㛵㐃ࡋࡓ CL⬟ᛶࡢ 2 ࡘࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ๓⪅ࡔ࡜ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ࡇㄒࢆព㆑ⓗ࡟ᛮ࠸௜ࡁ㸪⮬⏤෌⏕ࢸࢫࢺ᫬࡟ࡑ

ࢀࡣࠕಁ㐍ຠᯝࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡀ㸪࡞ࡐࡇࢀࢆࣜࢫࢺㄒ࡜୍⥴࡟ࣜࣁ࣮ࢧࣝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ

ࡢಁ㐍ຠᯝࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࡢ࠿ࢆゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᅔ

⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ CL ㄒ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶ R

㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡶࡑࡶ㸪CLRp 㡯┠࡜ CLNrp 㡯┠࡟ุ᩿ࡋࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪ࣜࢫࢺㄒࡢ R ุ᩿⋡ᑐࡍࡿ⹫グ᠈ࡢⓎ⏕࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒⮬యࡣྠࡌ࡛

࡜ྠ➼࡜࡞ࡗࡓ࡜୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚

࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࡢ㐪࠸ࡣ᳨⣴⤒㦂ࡢᑐ㇟ࣜࢫࢺࡢ

ᮏ◊✲ࡢᐇ㦂ᡭ⥆ࡁࡣ㸪Roediger & McDermott

CL ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ྰ࠿࡜࠸࠺㐪࠸࡟ࡋ࠿ᖐᒓ࡛ࡁ

ࡢᡭ⥆ࡁ࡜㢮ఝࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪᳨⣴⤒㦂࡜࡞࠸ࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪ᢚไㄝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡅࡤ㸪᳨⣴⤒㦂ࢆࡋ࡚⮬⏤෌⏕ࢸࢫࢺ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ෌⏕ࢸ㐩ᡂࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ Rp+㡯┠ࡢ⾲㇟௨እࡢ⾲㇟ࡢάᛶࢫࢺࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ෌⏕ࢸࢫࢺࡣ⮬⏤໬ࢆᢚไࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪⹫グ᠈෌⏕ࢸࢫࢺ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾ㸪ᡭࡀ࠿ࡾࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿ

ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡀྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪᳨⣴⤒㦂᫬ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㡯┠ࡢ᳨⣴ࡀᐜ᫆࡟࡞ࡾ㸪㡯┠ࡢ࡟ CLRp 㡯┠ࡢ᪉ࡀ CLNrp 㡯┠ࡼࡾࡶ➇ྜⓗ࡛࠶≉ᐃᛶ (ࡼࡾṇ☜࡟ࡣ㸪♧ᕪᛶ distinctiveness)ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪CLRp 㡯┠ࡢ᪉ࡀᢚไࡉࢀࡓࡀ ࡼ ࡾ 㧗 ࡲ ࡗ ࡓ ࡇ ࡜ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ Roediger &࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪old ุ᩿⋡࡜࠸࠺

McDermott ࡢᐇ㦂ᡭ⥆ࡁ࡛ࡣྍ⬟ࡔࡗࡓࣜࣁ࣮

⾲㠃ⓗ࡞್࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ⹫෌ㄆࡢ RIF ࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀࢧࣝࡀ୙ྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪CL ㄒࡢ R ุ᩿࡬࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ⫼ᚋ࡟࠶ࡿព㆑ⓗ≧ែ㸪≉࡟ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪K ุ᩿࡛ᢚไࡀ᳨ฟࡉࢀࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

Rp+㡯┠ࡢ᪉ࡀ CLRp 㡯┠ࡼࡾࡶ R ุ᩿⋡ࡀ㧗ࡃ ࡑࡇ࡛ḟࡢ 3 ࡘࡢ␲ၥⅬࡀᾋ࠿ࡧୖࡀࡗ࡚ࡃ





 

ࡿࠋࡲࡎ㸪࡞ࡐ㧗⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺ࡛ࡣᢚไࡀ᳨ฟ

࡟ࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪௬ㄝ㏻ࡾ⇍▱ᛶ࡟ᢚไࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ప⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺ࡟ࡣ᳨ฟࡉ

ࡓࠋᮏ◊✲ࡢ࿊♧᫬㛫ࡣ 3000ms ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡶࡑࡶᮏ

ྠᵝ࡟⇍▱ᛶ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ᳨⣴ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓྍ⬟ᛶ◊✲࡛ᐃ⩏ࡋࡓ㧗⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺࡣ CL ㄒࡢ oldࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

ุ᩿⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ࣜࢫࢺ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᏛ⩦᫬࡟࿊♧ࡉ

ࡶ࠺ 1 ࡘࡣ㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡢㄢ㢟≧ἣࡀ⇍▱ᛶ࡬ࡢࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡟ࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎ᭱⤊ࢸࢫࢺ࡛㧗࠸☜ᢚไࢆಁࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୹

⋡࡛ㄗࡗ࡚᝿㉳ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ CL ㄒࢆᣢࡘࣜࢫ

⸨ (2011) ࡣ㸪ᢚไᶵ⬟ࡀᅇ᝿࡜⇍▱ᛶࡢ࠸ࡎࢺࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⹫グ᠈ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦᫬࡟ࣜࢫࢺㄒ

ࢀ࠿୍᪉࡟ࡢࡳᅛᐃⓗ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ

ࡢព࿡ⓗ㐃᝿࡟ࡼࡾάᛶ໬ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ

࡞ࡃ㸪ㄢ㢟≧ἣ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚➇ྜࡀ⏕ࡌࡿഃ㠃ࡀ␗࡚⏕ࡌࡿࡀ㸪㧗⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺࡣప⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺ

࡞ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ➇ྜࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿḟඖ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ᢚไ

࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚Ꮫ⩦᫬ࡢάᛶ໬㔞ࡀከ࠸ࡓࡵ㧗࠸࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡀᰂ㌾࡟ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ

☜⋡࡛ CL ㄒࡀ᝿㉳ࡉࢀࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ㧗⹫࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୹⸨࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪ᅇ᝿㐣⛬࡟෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺࡀప⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺࡼࡾࡶᏛ⩦᫬ࡢᢚไࡢᙳ㡪ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪᳨⣴⤒㦂ẁ㝵άᛶ໬㔞ࡀከ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪᳨⣴⤒㦂ẁ㝵࡟࡛ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࢆ᳨⣴ࡍࡿ㝿࡟Ꮫ⩦ᩥ⬦ࡸ⢭⦓࠾ࡅࡿ Rp+㡯┠࡟ᑐࡍࡿ➇ྜ㡯┠࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢά

໬᝟ሗ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ࢚ࣆࢯ࣮ࢻ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᝟ሗࡢࣞ

ᛶ㔞ࡶከࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ㸪ࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡿ➇ྜ㔞࡛࣋ࣝグ᠈㡯┠㛫࡟➇ྜࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ㸪ព࿡ⓗ࡞Ỉࡶከࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ࡑࢀࢆ‽࡛ࡢ➇ྜࡀᑡ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ

ῶࡌࡿࡓࡵࡢᢚไ㔞ࡶከࡃ࡞ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑ

࡚㸪⇍▱ᛶ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪᳨⣴⤒ࡢࡓࡵ㸪ప⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺ࡛ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓᢚ

㦂ẁ㝵࡛ព࿡ⓗ࣭ᴫᛕⓗ࡞࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝ➇ྜࡀⓎ⏕ไࡀ㧗⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺ࡛ࡣ᳨ฟࡉࢀࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࢆゎᾘࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᢚไᶵ⬟ࡀస⏝ࡋࡓࢀࡿࠋࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ DRM ࣜ ḟ࡟㸪࡞ࡐ Rp-㡯┠࡟ࡣᢚไࡀぢࡽࢀࡎ㸪CLRpࢫࢺ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕព࿡ⓗ࡟㐃᝿㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡿ༢ㄒ࡛

㡯┠࡟ࡣᢚไࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࣜࢫࢺࢆ่⃭࡜ࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡋ࡚

Rp-㡯┠࡜ CLRp 㡯┠࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᳨⣴⤒㦂ẁ㝵࡟࠾࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶព࿡ⓗ࡞ḟࡅࡿάᛶ໬࡟ࡼࡿ➇ྜ㔞࡟ᕪࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡀᢚඖ࡛άᛶ໬࡟ࡼࡿ➇ྜࡀ⏕ࡌ㸪ࡲࡓࡑࡢ➇ྜࡢไ㔞ࡢᕪ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋRp-ゎᾘࡀᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵ࡟㸪⇍▱ᛶ࡟࠾࠸㡯┠࡜ CLRp 㡯┠ࡣ࡝ࡕࡽࡶ Rp+㡯┠࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࡚ࡢࡳᢚไࡀ⏕ࡌࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

➇ྜ㡯┠࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪CLRp 㡯┠ࡣ Rp-㡯┠ࡼࡾࡶ௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡜ᒎᮃ  ᮏ◊✲ࡣ㸪ᢚไࡢ⑞㊧࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡢ඾ᆺᛶࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪άᛶ໬࡟ࡼࡿ➇ྜࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ Remember/Know ᡭ⥆ࡁࢆ⏝㔞ࡣ CLRp 㡯┠ࡢ᪉ࡀ Rp-㡯┠ࡼࡾከ࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪࠸ࡓࡀ㸪෌ㄆࢸࢫࢺࢆ⣬㠃ୖ࡛⾜ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪ᢚ

ࡑࡢศ CLRp 㡯┠ࡢᢚไ㔞ࡀከࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ไࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿࡶ࠺ 1 ࡘࡢᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡿ཯ᛂ᫬㛫ࢆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪CLRp 㡯┠࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳᢚไ

ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ Veling & vanࡀ⏕ࡌࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

Knippenberg (2004) ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪཯ᛂ᫬㛫ࡣ➇ྜ ࡑࡋ࡚᭱ᚋ࡟㸪࡞ࡐ R ุ᩿⋡࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ K ุ᩿㡯┠ࡢάᛶ໬Ỉ‽ࢆ┤᥋ⓗ࡟♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪⋡࡟ࡢࡳᢚไࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶

グ᠈⾲㇟ࡢάᛶ໬Ỉ‽ࡢపୗ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪௨ୗࡢ 2 ࡘࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡿᢚไࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚㐺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓ

ࡽࢀࡿࠋ1 ࡘࡣ㸪࿊♧᫬㛫ࡢᙳ㡪࡛⇍▱ᛶ࡟ᇶࡀࡗ࡚௒ᚋࡣ㸪Remember/Know ᡭ⥆ࡁ࡟ຍ࠼࡚

࡙ࡃ᳨⣴ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓྍ⬟ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୹⸨ (2011)཯ᛂ᫬㛫ࡶࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦ẁ㝵ࡢ่⃭ࡢ࿊♧᫬㛫ࢆ 2000ms ࡜▷࡟᳨ฟࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛㸪ᢚไࡢ⑞㊧ࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡃタᐃࡋ㸪⇍▱ᛶ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ᳨⣴ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ

ᐃࡋ㸪άᛶ໬Ỉ‽ࡢపୗࢆ┤᥋ⓗ 



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



ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᮏ◊✲ࡣ㸪ࡓ࡜࠼ old ุ᩿⋡࡜

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16, 309-313.

♧ࡋࡓࠋ≉࡟㸪⹫グ᠈ࡢព㆑ⓗせ⣲ࡢ 1 ࡘ࡛࠶

Gallo, D. A. (2006). Associative illusions ofࡿ⇍▱ᛶ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳᢚไࡢᙳ㡪ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ

memory: False memory research in DRM andࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ࡶ᳨⣴⤒㦂࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿᢚไࡀṇグ

related tasks. Psychology Press.

᠈ࡢព㆑ⓗせ⣲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬ(ࢠࣕࣟ, D. A. ྥᒃ ᬡ (ヂ) (2010). ⹫グ᠈ࡰࡍࡢ࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿࠶ࡿࡀ㸪⹫໭኱㊰᭩ᡣ)グ᠈ࡢព㆑ⓗせ⣲࡟ᑐࡍࡿᙳ㡪ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ◊✲

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Starns,J.

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(2004).

ࡣ➹⪅ࡢ▱ࡿ㝈ࡾぢᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᮏ◊Retrieval-induced forgetting occurs in tests of✲ࡀ♧ࡋࡓ▱ぢࡣ⹫グ᠈ࡢ RIF ཬࡧᢚไࡢ⑞㊧item recognition. Psychonomic Bulletin &࡟㛵ࡍࡿ▱ぢ࡟᪂ࡓ࡟㈉⊩ࡋ࠺ࡿ㸪ព⩏ࡢ࠶ࡿ

Review, 11, 125-130.

ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ௒ᚋ㸪ᢚไࡀ⹫グ᠈ࡢ

Koutstaal, W., Schacter, D. L., Johnson, M. K., &ព㆑ⓗせ⣲࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡢ࠿ࢆ

Galluccio,ヲ⣽࡟᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࢆᮇᚅࡍࡿࠋ≉࡟㸪ṇ

impairment of event memory produced byグ᠈࡜ྠᵝ࡟グ᠈㡯┠㛫࡟Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿ➇ྜࡀ࢚

photograph review. Memory & Cognition, 27,ࣆࢯ࣮ࢻ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿ᝟ሗࡢࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡶ

478-493.

ࡢ࠿㸪ព࿡ⓗ࡞ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡶࡢ࠿࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪L.

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ᅇ᝿࡜⇍▱ᛶ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡢ௙᪉ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡢ࠿࡜

࡟࠾ࡅࡿᢚไ࡜ゎ㝖࡬ࡢຍ㱋ࡢᙳ㡪 ᚰ⌮

࠸࠺Ⅼ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࡉࡽ࡟᳨ウࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ

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inhibition:

process. Journal of Experimental Psychology:

Retrieval-induced inhibition as cue independent

Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 30, 315-318.

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can

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ࡺ࠺ࡔ࠸

ࡉࡳࡋࡉ

ὀ㸸H ࡣ㧗⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺ㸪L ࡣప⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺࢆ⾲ࡍࠋ࠙ࢭࢵࢺ Bࠚࡅࢇࡁࡹ࠺ (H)࡯࠺ࡏࡁ (L)࡚ࢇࡉ࠸ (L)ࡦࡻ࠺ࡌࡻ࠺ (L)ࡃࡘ࠺ (H)

ࡀࡃࡋࡷ

ࡺࡧࢃ

ࡉ࠸ࡢ࠺

࠿࡞ࡋࡳ

ࡃࡿࡋࡳ

ࡌࡗࡅࢇ

ࡓ࠿ࡽ

ࡋࡹ࠺ࡉ࠸

࠼ࡀ࠾

࠸ࡓࡳ

ࢁࢇࡪࢇ

ࡈ࠺࠿

࠿ࡋࡇࡉ

࡞ࡁࡀ࠾

ࡆࡁࡘ࠺

ࡔ࠸ࡀࡃ

࠿ࡡࡶࡕ

࠸ࡘࡊ࠸

࠿࠾ࡘࡁ

ࡘࡽࡉ

ࡣ࠿ࡏ

ࡋࢇࡌࡹ

࠶ࡓࡲ

ࡂࡻ࠺ࡑ࠺

࡞ࡸࡳ

ࡕࡻ࠺ࡉ

࠿ࡊࡾ

ࡢ࠺ࡾࡻࡃ

࠸࠿ࡾ

ࡶࢇࡐࡘ

ࡘ࠸ࡁࡹ࠺

ࡓ࠿ࡽࡤࡇ

࠼࠸ࡉ࠸

ࢃࡽ࠸

ࡩ࠿࠸

ࡏ࠸࠿

ࡃࡧ࠿ࡊࡾ

ࡦࡽࡵࡁ࠸ࢇࡋࡻ࠺

࡟ࢇࡓ࠸ࡋࡻ࠺ࡵ࠸

ࡊ࠸࡯࠺

࠸ࡌࢇ

࠿ࢇࡌࡻ࠺

ࡩࡃࡘ࠺

࠿࠸ࡵ࠸

࡝ࢁࡰ࠺

࡝ࡾࡻࡃ

࠾ࡶࡶࡕ

ࡎࡘ࠺

ὀ㸸H ࡣ㧗⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺ㸪L ࡣప⹫෌ㄆࣜࢫࢺࢆ⾲ࡍࠋ  









࠙ࢹ࢕ࢫࢺࣛࢡࢱ࣮ࠚ            ࠙ࣇ࢕࣮ࣛࠚ
ࡸࡍࡳ

ࡓ࡚ࡶࡢ

࠸ࡅࢇ

ࡁࡻ࠺ࡾࡻࡃ

ࡇࡁࡹ࠺

ࡼࡰ࠺

ࡵ࠸ࢀ࠸

࡟ࡕࡼ࠺ࡧ

ࡅࢇࡕࡃࡋࡹࡕࡻ࠺

ࡔࢇࡅࡘ

ࡉࢇࡑ

࡚࠶ࡽ࠸

ࡋࢀ࠸

ࡁࡹ࠺࠿

ࡅࢇࡒ࠺ࡪࡘ

࠿ࢇࡀ࠼ࡁࡻ࠺࡝࠺

ࡐࢇࡑࡃࡕࡹ࠺ࡋࡷ

ࡉࡋࡎࡁࡹ࠺ࡅ࠸

ࡅࢇࡏࡘ

ࡅࢇ࠿࠸

ࡋࡹ࠺ࡔࢇ

ࡏ࠸ࡵ࠸

࠺ࡀ࠸

ࡁࡻ࠺ࡏ࠸

ࡁࡹ࠺ࡑࡃ

ࡌࡹ࠺ࡓࡃ

ࡣࡘࡆࢇ

࡞࠿ࡲ

ࡁ࠿ࢇ

ࡰ࠺ࡋ

ࡋࡣ࠸

ࡋࡹ࠺ࡲࡘ

ࡶࡃࡒ࠺

ࡣࢇࡓ࠸

ࡪࢇࡓࢇ

ࡩࡃࡋࡁ

ࡏࡗࡋࡹ

ࡩࡃࡌࡹ࠺

࠾ࡰࢇ

࠿࠾ࡃ

࡜࠺ࢁࢇ

ࡉࡂࡻ࠺

࠸ࡢࡕ

ࡓ࠸ࡉࡃ

ࡌࡻ࠺ࡋ

࠸ࡁࡠࡁ

ࡋࡏࡘ

ࡉࢇࡏ࠸

࠼ࢇࡌࡻ

࡜࠸ࡁ

ࡰ࠺ࡉ࠸

ࡌࡻ࠺࠿ࢇ

ࡍ࠸ࡳࢇ

ࡇ࠺ࡋࡷ

ࡁࡻࡋࡹ

࡜ࡶࡔࡕ

࠸ࡁࡂࢀ

ࡅࢇࡉ

࠸࠸ࡘࡅ

࠶ࡑࡧ

ࡣࡋࡽ

ࡣࡗࡨࡻ࠺

ࡺ࠺ࡌࡻ࠺

ࡋࢇࡒ࠺

ࡵࢇ࠼ࡁ

ࡐࡗࡓ࠸

ࡉࡰࡾ

ࡩ࡝࠺ࡉࢇ

ࡂࢁࢇ

ࡔࢇࡓ࠸

ࡏ࠸ࡒࢇ

ࡕࡾࡻ࠺

ࡄࢇࡓ࠸