V WORLD JUDO CONFERENCERIO DE JANEIRO. BRAZIL 2007

PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AND
SPORTING MOTIVATION IN
SPANISH JUDOKAS
Carratalá Deval, V. *Vicent.Carratala@uv.es

García García, JM.

JoseManuel.Garcia@uclm.es*UNIVERSITAT DE VALENCIA****UNIVERSIDAD DE CASTILLA LA MANCHA

1.THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKThe present study tried to analyze the differences of the
motivation in pre-competitive situation.

Vallerand (Vallerand, 1997, 2001; Vallerand and Losier,1999) suggested the Hierarchic Model of Intrinsic
Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation and Amotivation toorganize and understand the basic mechanisms thatregulate the motivation in the sporting environment. Thismodel lays down the existence of Intrinsic Motivation,Extrinsic Motivation and Amotivation. And so, thefollowing distinctions were made within each one:Dr. Vicente Carratalá Deval & Dr. José Manuel García García. Spain

Motivation• INTRINSIC MOTIVATION– KNOWLEDGE INTRINSIC MOTIVATION– STIMULATION MOTIVATION– PERFORMANCE MOTIVATION• EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION– IDENTIFIED EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION– INTROYECTED EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION– EXTERNAL REGULATION EXTRINSIC MOTIVATIONOn the other hand, the motivation resulting from social factors is mediated by
the perceptions which the subjects have from the autonomy, competence andsocial relationships which they perceive when executing sport.
Dr. Vicente Carratalá Deval & Dr. José Manuel García García. Spain

This theory argues that the motivation produces importantcognitives, behaviour and affective consequences.

Perception
Perceptionofof
competencecompetence

Intrinsic
IntrinsicMotivation
Motivation

Excitement
Excitement

Perception
Perceptionofof
autonomyautonomy

Extrinsic
ExtrinsicMotivation
Motivation

Behaviour
BehaviourPerception
Perceptionofof
relatedues
relatedues

Amotivationn
Amotivationn

Knowledge
Knowledge

Causal relationship, at a hierarchic level, proposed by the Hierarchic Model of the Motivation.
Dr. Vicente Carratalá Deval & Dr. José Manuel García García. SpainOBJETIVE
To analyze the differences in motivation inprecompetitive sporting situations among theadolescent judokas based on the perception ofcompetition, autonomy and social relationships.

The gender variable was introduced as a independent variable toeliminate the possibility that it was an alien factor, altering the results ofthe analysis

Dr. Vicente Carratalá Deval & Dr. José Manuel García García. Spain

2. METHODS• SUBJECTS• TOOL• DESIGN AND PROCEDURE

Dr. Vicente Carratalá Deval & Dr. José Manuel García García. Spain

2. METHODS.

2.1. SUBJECTS
19 males39 judokas members ofSpanish National Team
20 females

81 males142 judokas members ofRegional Team
61 females

Dr. Vicente Carratalá Deval & Dr. José Manuel García García. Spain

2. METHODS.

2.2. TOOLSQuestionnaireAuthors

Perception of competence in theexecution of sport

EPCDV. Echelle des Perceptions deCompetence dans les domains de vie.
Losier, Vallerand y Blais (1993).

Perception of autonomy in theexecution of sport

EPADV. Echelle des Perceptions
d’Autonomie dans les domains de vie. Blaisy Vallerand (1992).

Perception of socials relationships inthe execution of sport

ERIS. Échelle des Relations
Interpersonelles dans le Sport. Losier yVallerand (1995).

Sport motivation Scale

SMS. Sport Motivation Scale. Pelletier etal. (1995).

Dr. Vicente Carratalá Deval & Dr. José Manuel García García. Spain

2. METHODS.

2.3. Design and Procedure

Simple Prospective Design
Selection Variables:- Perception of competence- Perception of autonomy- Perception of social relationships in the execution of sport.
- Gender.

Dependent Variables:- Types of motivation proposed in the Hierarchic Model of Motivation
Dr. Vicente Carratalá Deval & Dr. José Manuel García García. Spain

3. RESULTS

3.1 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

FactorPoints α

Perception Scale ofCompetence

Competence forthe task

0.68

Perception Scale of Support ofAutonomy

Autonomy for thetask

0.94

Perception Scale of Social
Relationships

Relationships
among thecompetitors

0.91

Dr. Vicente Carratalá Deval & Dr. José Manuel García García. Spain

3. RESULTS

3.1 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

For the Scale of Sport Motivation a factorial analysis with SEM (StructuralEquation Model) was used, using the statistical programmes SPSS and AMOS

Appropriate adjustment of thesetχχ22/gl/gl==2,403
2,403

TLI
TLI==0,968
0,968

CFI
CFI==0,960
0,960

RMSEA
RMSEA==0,088
0,088

Dr. Vicente Carratalá Deval & Dr. José Manuel García García. Spain

3. RESULTS

3.2 INFERENCIAL ANALYSISMANOVA taking as independent variables, the perception of competence, the perceptionof support of autonomy, the perception of social relationships (dichotomized in highs andlows) and the variable of genders as a control of an alien variable). The subscales of sport
motivation were dependent variables.

Test of the multivariate contrasts
Significant effects on the perception ofcompetence.
(p<.001)

Significant effects on the perception ofsupport of autonomy(p<.027)

Significant effects on the perception ofsocial relationships(p<.026)
Dr. Vicente Carratalá Deval & Dr. José Manuel García García. Spain

3. RESULTS

3.2 INFERENCIAL ANALYSISMANOVA taking as independent variables, the perception of competence, the perceptionof support of autonomy, the perception of social relationships (dichotomized in highs andlows) and the variable of genders as a control of an alien variable). The subscales of sport
motivation were dependent variables.
Significant effects of theperception of competenceon :Test of the effects on the subjects
7

Ml of knowledge

6,07
6

5,88

5,81

5,56
5,28
4,9

Ml of stimulation

54,89

4,99
4,62

4,784,56
4,214

Ml of execution

3,383
2,05

ME identified

21ME introproyected

0MI de conocimient o MI de est imulación

MI de ejecución

ME ident if icada

ME int royect ada

ME reg. ext erna

Dr. Vicente Carratalá Deval & Dr. José ManuelGarcía García.
Spain
Alt a percepción de compet encia
Baja percepción de compet encia

Amotivation

Amot ivación

3. RESULTS

3.2 INFERENCIAL ANALYSISMANOVA taking as independent variables, the perception of competence, the perceptionof support of autonomy, the perception of social relationships (dichotomized in highs andlows) and the variable of genders as a control of an alien variable). The subscales of sport
motivation were dependent variables
Significant effects of theperception of support ofautonomy on :Test of the effects on the subjects
76

6,07

5,88

5,81

5,56
5,28
4,94,89

4,99

5

4,62

Ml of knowledge

4,78
4,56
4,21

4
3,38
3

Ml of stimulation

2,052

10
MI de conocimient o MI de est imulación

MI de ejecución

ME ident if icada

ME int r oyect ada

ME reg. ext er na

Ml of execution
Dr. Vicente Carratalá Deval & Dr. José Manuel García García. Spain
Alt a per cepción de compet encia

Baja percepción de compet encia

Amot ivación

3. RESULTS

3.2 INFERENCIAL ANALYSISMANOVA taking as independent variables, the perception of competence, the perceptionof support of autonomy, the perception of social relationships (dichotomized in highs andlows) and the variable of genders as a control of an alien variable). The subscales of sport
motivation were dependent variables

Test of the effects on the subjects
Significant effects of theperception of social
relationships on :765,85
4,95

5,85
4,96

6,01
5,51
5,16
4,73

5

Ml of knowledge

5,124,69

4,62
4,29

42,95
32,4

Ml of stimulation
2Ml of execution

10

ME identified

MI deconocimiento

MI deestimulación

MI deejecución

MEidentificada

ME
introyectada

ME reg.
externa

Amotivación

Vicente Carratalá Deval & Dr.Alta
José
ManuelGarcíasociales
García.
Spainpercepciónde relaciones
Bajapercepción de relaciones sociales
ME of externalDr.
regulation

4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS- The results obtained in the study partially support the Hierarchic Model ofMotivation (Vallerand, 1997, 2001; Vallerand and Losier, 1999).
- The effects of the perception of competence agree with the theory- There was a negative relationship between amotivation and the perception ofcompetence- The effects of the perception of support to the autonomy on motivation agree withthe proposed theoretical model.
- The effects of the perception of social relationships on motivation were on theforeseen line related to the MI and identified ME- In conclusion, the results of the study verify the differences in MI according to theperception of competence, support of autonomy and social relationships.
- It should be concluded that in our study a tendency was produced that was notDr. Vicente
predicted by thetheory.Carratalá Deval & Dr. José Manuel García García. Spain

THANK YOU VERY MUCH

VALENCIA
UNIVERSITYCASTILLA MANCHA
UNIVERSITY

Dr. Vicente Carratalá Deval & Dr. José Manuel García García. Spain

4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS- In conclusion, the results of the study verify the differences in MI according to theperception of competence, support to the autonomy and social relationships.
- The differences in the auto determined ME in function of these perceptions are also
partially verified, having found significant differences in function of the perception ofcompetence and social relationships.
- Finally, the differences in amotivation are partially verified, being significant in functionof the perception of competence.
- It agrees to stand as a conclusion that in our study a tendency not predicted by thetheory took place, finding effects of the perception of social relationships on the ME ofexternal regulation, resulting in higher levels of perception of competence correspondedwith higher levels of ME of external regulation. It would seem that in a pre competitivesituation, where the factor of winning or losing has greater relevance, the mediators do
not relate negatively with the ME of external regulation, but positively. We think that inthis situation of ME of external regulation, if it is not too high, it could be related to abetter performance by the sports person in the competition.
Dr. Vicente Carratalá Deval & Dr. José Manuel García García. Spain