FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DE JUDOINTERNATIONAL JUDO FEDERATION
25th WORLD JUDO CHAMPIONSHIP
September, 12th, 2007
RIO DE JANEIRO – BRAZIL

Annals of the 5th International
Judo Federation World Research
Symposium

thAnnals of the 5 International Judo Federation World Research Symposiumth
September, 12 , 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DE JUDOINTERNATIONAL JUDO FEDERATION
25th WORLD JUDO CHAMPIONSHIP
September, 12th, 2007
RIO DE JANEIRO – BRAZIL

Annals of the 5th International
Judo Federation World Research
Symposium

EDITORS:
Fabricio Boscolo Del Vecchio
Emerson Franchini2thAnnals of the 5 International Judo Federation World Research Symposiumth
September, 12 , 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Welcome Note
31 August 2007
Dear Conference Participants, Guests, and Friends;
On behalf of the International Judo Federation, its member nations, delegates,
directorates, officials, and all members of the “Olympic Family,” it gives me great honor
and privilege to welcome you to the 5th International Judo Federation World Judo
Research Symposium.
During the symposium, researchers from around the world will make oral and poster
presentations of their studies related to judo. The presentations display work related tovarious aspects of judo, including research on the techniques, history, philosophy, andsporting aspects of judo. All participants are also welcome and encouraged to visit theposter presentations immediately following the conclusion of the symposium, where
presenters will be available to discuss their work in greater detail and answer any
questions you may have. We are fortunate to have these fine researchers from aroundthe world presenting their work at the 5th IJF World Judo Research Symposium. Please
visit their displays.
To all of you, I wish a successful and meaningful conference, hoping that each andevery one of you find something to take back with you to your home countries that will
help judo to continue to grow as the world’s premier sport – and way of life.
Sincerely,

Y.S. Park
President, International Judo Federation3

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David Matsumoto, Ph.D.
OFFICIAL RESEARCHER

4 September 2007
Dear Friends;
It gives me great pleasure to welcome all of you to the 5th International Judo Federation
World Judo Research Symposium. As in the past, researchers from around the world
will present their studies on various aspects of judo. It is a great time of intellectual andcultural exchange of ideas, opinions, and feelings about judo from a scientific andacademic standpoint.
This year is special, because we hope to formalize the creation of the International
Association of Judo Researchers (IAJR). This association will help to legitimatize thework of judo researchers throughout the world, and bring mutual peace and harmony
through the scientific study of judo.
It has been my great pleasure to serve you and the IJF since 1998. I sincerely wish forthe best for all of you in your scientific endeavors in judo, and for the success andprosperity of the IAJR in the future.
Sincerely,David Matsumoto, Ph.D.
Official Researcher

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SUMMARY
ORAL PRESENTATIONS

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Mediadores psicológicos y motivación deportiva en judocas españoles
Consequences of cutting weight on indices of bone metabolic health in elite female judoists
Effects of recreational and competitive judo kata practice on cardiorespiratory health as evaluated by a portable gas analyzer system. A pilot study
Blue judogis may bias competition outcomesBrain plasticity: effects of judo practice on gray matter volume
Study on mechanism of injury generation and reduction therapy based on judo forms called as kata

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POSTER PRESENTATIONS

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Talent identification of the women judoists
A comparative study of throwing speed between heavier and lighter categories in judo
A physiological approach of new special judo test proposal
Recovery time after weigh-in during regional level judo championship
The influence of training exercise on the activity of creatine kinase in plasma of the elite men judo players during direct starting preparation
The development of judo in a uk university environment
Examining psychological readjustment process after retiremant from competitive judo
Perfil técnico táctico de los judokas infantiles finalistas en el cto. De españa
La fuerza explosiva y elástico-explosiva en los judokas infantiles y cadetes del equipo nacional español
Judokas’ hand grip strength study, according to age, weight class and championship performance
The implementation of long-term player development: a case study
Questionnaire-based assessment of why parents choose judo as a practice for their children
Augmented reality applied to ushiro-ukemi visualization
Pilot study for the creation of an anaerobic power test based on uchikomi
Tai otoshi checklists’ reliability
Physical preparation of two high performance judo athletes, a case study
Effects of different muscle actions on special judo fitness test performance
The relationship between competition volume and olympic qualification. A study of three players from pinewood judo club, UK
Fitness level of male competitive judo players
Thigh muscles muscles flextion/extension ratio in elite judo players
Context of practice in the acquisition of the tai otoshi
State level judo competition results: a 7-year follow-up
Competition analysis
Features of the technical-tactical performance capacity of the world’s top judoka
Are junior medalists able to retain their performance on senior years?
Reinforcement of physical strength and judo training at ritsumeikan university judo club (no. 2)
Time structure and activities performed during a judo match
Culture and organizational model of the judo federation of the rio de janeiro state (FJERJ)
The development of a video analysis code for performance judo: utilising the knowldege construct of world class
L’aptitude aerobie chez les judokas tunisiens
Aplicación de diferentes métodos de entrenamiento concurrente para mejorar el rendimiento del judoka
The strength and power in judo – characteristics male and female
Relationship between lifting hand hold and favorite technique in judo
The judo in the italian primary school
Applied psychological research in judoContest analysis of world judo championships in 1995-2005
The effectiveness of judo techniques incorporated into fall prevention training
He significance of the bone density measurement for judo players by ultrasound measuring method
Systematization of training and performance of judo athletes from the north region high performance training center (CTAR/M)
La geographie : une aide au developpement de la pratique du judo
Differences of the groups of throws used by man and woman in different weight categories during the european junior judo championships 2005
Tai otoshi checklists’ content validity
Laterality: have the left-limbed judoka any advantages in judo fight?
Motivational differences according to gender and competitive level of judo players
Mountain training for judokas preparation
Problems of judokas' selection for olympic games of 2008 and proposals for the olympic games of 2012
Psycological profiles in judo: implications for talent identification and development
Similarities between phisiological parameters of the judo bout and the basic and specific fitness tests
Specific dynamometer to measure the force of the arms of judo athletes
A survey on the problems of judo athletes after reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament due to reintegration into active player
Le programme de l'exercice d'intervalle du judo pour les athlètes femmes
Analisis de distintos indicadores condicionales de judokas de relevancia internacional vs judokas de relevancia nacional

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ORAL POSTER PRESENTATIONMEDIADORES PSICOLÓGICOS Y MOTIVACIÓN DEPORTIVA EN JUDOCAS ESPAÑOLES
Vicente Carratalá Deval, Francisco Guzman Lujan, Carlos Pablos Abella, Helio Carratalá Bellod, Jose
Manuel García García
CONSEQUENCES OF CUTTING WEIGHT ON INDICES OF BONE METABOLIC HEALTH IN
ELITE FEMALE JUDOISTSCarl De Crée
EFFECTS OF RECREATIONAL AND COMPETITIVE JUDO KATA PRACTICE ON
CARDIORESPIRATORY HEALTH AS EVALUATED BY A PORTABLE GAS ANALYZER
SYSTEM. A PILOT STUDY.
Carl De CréeBLUE JUDOGIS MAY BIAS COMPETITION OUTCOMESDavid Matsumoto, Jun Konno, Stephanie Hata, Masayuki Takeuchi
BRAIN PLASTICITY: EFFECTS OF JUDO PRACTICE ON GRAY MATTER VOLUME
Wantuir Francisco Siqueira Jacini, Gianna Cannonieri, Paula T. Fernandes, Leonardo Bonilha, Fernando
Cendes, Li M. Li
STUDY ON MECHANISM OF INJURY GENERATION AND REDUCTION THERAPY BASED ON
JUDO FORMS CALLED AS KATA
Takashi Watanabe

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MEDIADORES PSICOLÓGICOS Y MOTIVACIÓN DEPORTIVA EN JUDOCASESPAÑOLES
Vicente Carratalá Deval
Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte. Universitat de Valencia
vicent.carratala@uv.es
Francisco Guzman Lujan
Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte. Universitat de Valencia
Carlos Pablos Abella
Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte. Universitat de Valencia
Helio Carratalá Bellod
Universidad Católica de Valencia
Jose Manuel García García

Universidad de Castilla La Mancha. España
JoseManuel.Garcia@uclm.es
RESUMENEl presente trabajo pretendió analizar las diferencias de la motivación en situación precompetitiva dejudocas en función de los mediadores psicológicos (percepciones de competencia, apoyo a la autonomía yrelaciones sociales), tal y como postula el Modelo Jerárquico de la Motivación Intrínseca, Extrínseca y
Amotivación (Vallerand, 1997, 2001; Vallerand y Losier, 1999). Se empleó una muestra de 181 judocas
de edades comprendidas entre los 14 y 16 años. Utilizamos una metodología selectiva, con diseño
prospectivo simple. Los datos se analizaron mediante un MANOVA, tomando como variables
independientes los mediadores psicológicos y el sexo de los deportistas y como variables dependientes
cada una de las subescalas de la motivación planteadas en la Sport Motivation Scale (Pelletier et al.,1995). Los resultados apoyaron parcialmente los postulados de la teoría. Se verificaron las diferencias en
MI en función de la percepción de competencia, apoyo a la autonomía y relaciones sociales. También severificaron parcialmente las diferencias en la ME autodeterminada y de la amotivación en función deestas percepciones. Sin embargo cabe destacar que las diferencias en ME de regulación externa
encontradas en función de estas percepciones se dieron en dirección opuesta a los postulados de la teoría.
Se explica este resultado a partir de la situación precompetitiva en la que se encuentraban los deportistas.
1. INTRODUCCIÓN
Vallerand (Vallerand, 1997, 2001; Vallerand y Losier, 1999) propuso el Modelo Jerárquico de laMotivación Intrínseca, Extrínseca y Amotivación como un instrumento para organizar y comprender losmecanismos básicos que regulan la motivación en el ámbito del deporte y el ejercicio. Este modelo se
plantea a partir de la teoría de la evaluación cognitiva (Deci, 1975; Deci y Ryan, 1985, 1991) y plantea laexistencia de motivación intrínseca, extrínseca y amotivación. La motivación intrínseca se refiere a labúsqueda de placer y satisfacción en la práctica deportiva (Deci y Ryan, 1985), la motivación extrínseca
se refiere a la participación en la actividad como medio para conseguir un objetivo externo a ella (Deci,
1975), por último, la amotivación se refiere a la falta de motivación o de intencionalidad de seguir
practicando. Así mismo, dentro de la motivación intrínseca distinguió entre motivación intrínseca deconocimiento (interés por progresar en la comprensión de la actividad), motivación intrínseca deestimulación (interés en la actividad por las sensaciones experimentadas en su práctica) y motivación
intrínseca de ejecución (interés por progresar en la adquisición de habilidades). Dentro de la motivación
extrínseca también identificó tres tipos diferentes, progresivamente más exteriores a la persona. La
motivación extrínseca identificada se refiere al interés por la práctica deportiva para conseguir metas
consideradas como relevantes por el sujeto para su desarrollo personal. La motivación extrínseca
introyectada hace referencia a la práctica deportiva por evitar el sentimiento de culpa por no practicarla.
Por último, la motivación extrínseca de regulación externa considera el interés por participar en el deportepara conseguir premios o recompensas.
Siguiendo con el modelo, éste considera que los tipos de motivación se dan en la persona a tres
niveles jerárquicos de generalidad, que desde el inferior al superior son el nivel situacional (o estado), el

7thAnnals of the 5 International Judo Federation World Research Symposiumth
September, 12 , 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Contexto social

contextual (o ámbito vivencial) y el global (o de personalidad), pudiendo la motivación de un nivel influir
sobre la de los demás.
Por otro lado, entiende que la motivación resulta de factores sociales y está mediatizada por las
percepciones que los sujetos tienen acerca de la autonomía, competencia y relaciones sociales que
experimentan en la práctica deportiva. Este papel “mediador” lo atribuye al hecho de que las percepciones
indicadas se relacionan con las necesidades fundamentales humanas. La necesidad de competencia
implica que los individuos tienen un deseo de interactuar efectivamente con el medio, para experimentar
un sentido de competencia al producir resultados deseados y prevenir eventos no deseados (Connell y
Wellborn, 1991; Deci, 1975; Deci y Ryan, 1985; Harter, 1978; White, 1959). La necesidad de autonomía
refleja un deseo de comprometerse en actividades por propia elección, siendo el origen de la propia
conducta (de Charms, 1968; Deci, 1975, 1980; Deci y Ryan, 1985). Finalmente, la necesidad derelaciones sociales (Bowlby, 1988; Harlow, 1958; Richer y Vallerand, 1998; Ryan, 1993) se refiere asentir que uno pertenece a un entorno social dado (Baumeister y Leary, 1995, realizan una revisión deltema). Plantea que cuando los factores sociales son percibidos como un soporte del sentimiento deautonomía, competencia y relaciones sociales, éstos tienen un impacto positivo sobre la motivación,
siendo ésta alta e intrínseca, mientras que cuando los factores sociales son percibidos como promotores debaja autonomía, competencia y relaciones sociales, éstos probablemente llevarán la motivación hacia
aspectos extrínsecos y en el caso de que no se consigan llevarán a la amotivación, que causará el descensodel rendimiento, emociones negativas y el abandono de la práctica. Resumiendo, esta teoría argumenta
que la motivación produce importantes consecuencias cognitivas, conductuales y afectivas, y que
mientras la motivación intrínseca se asocia con las consecuencias más positivas, la amotivación con las
más negativas. La motivación extrínseca produce resultados negativos cuando los objetivos externos nose consiguen.

Percepción decompetencia

Motivación
intrínseca

Emociones

Percepción deautonomía

Motivación
extrínseca

Conducta

Percepción derelaciones sociales

Amotivación

Cogniciones

Figura 1. Relaciones causales, en un nivel jerárquico, propuestos por el Modelo Jerárquico de la Motivación.

En el contexto del deporte y de la actividad física diversos estudios han analizado el papel
mediador de la percepción de competencia (Goudas y Biddle, 1994b; Vallerand y Reid, 1984; 1988;
Whitehead y Corbin, 1991). Sin embargo, el impacto de la percepción de autonomía y de relaciones
sociales ha sido menos estudiado, aunque diversos estudios (Blanchard y Vallerand, 1996a, 1996b;
Cadorette et al., 1996) analizaron el papel de los tres mediadores psicológicos a nivel situacional ycontextual obteniendo resultados consistentes con el modelo propuesto.
Tomando en consideración esta teoría el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo replicar losestudios anteriores analizando las diferencias en la motivación en situación precompetitiva deportiva dejudocas adolescentes en función de las percepciones de competencia, apoyo a la autonomía y relaciones
sociales. La variable sexo se introdujo como variable independiente para eliminar la posibilidad de que
actuara como una variable extraña, alterando los resultados del análisis.
2. METODOLOGÍA
2.1. MUESTRA.

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En el presente estudio participaron un total de 181 judocas de edades comprendidas entre los 14
y 16 años, de los cuales 39 (19 varones y 20 mujeres) eran componentes del equipo nacional cadete y 142(81 varones y 61 mujeres) no pertenecían al equipo nacional.
2.2. INSTRUMENTOS.
Para el estudio empleamos la traducción al castellano de los cuestionarios que aparecen en latabla 1.
Tabla 1. Variables del estudio e instrumentos de medida utilizados.
Percepción de competencia en la práctica EPCDV. Echelle des Perceptions de Competence dans lesdeportiva.
domains de vie.
Losier, Vallerand y Blais (1993).
Percepción de autonomía en la práctica EPADV. Echelle des Perceptions d’Autonomie dans lesdeportiva.
domains de vie.
Blais y Vallerand (1992).
Percepción de relaciones sociales en la ERIS. Échelle des Relations Interpersonelles dans le Sport.
práctica deportiva.
Losier y Vallerand (1995).
Motivación deportiva.
SMS. Sport Motivation Scale.
Pelletier et al. (1995).
2.3. DISEÑO Y PROCEDIMIENTO.
El presente estudió utilizó una metodología selectiva, con un diseño Prospectivo simple, en elque se tomaron como variables de selección las variables Percepción de competencia, de autonomía y derelaciones sociales en la práctica deportiva, dicotomizadas en altas o bajas utilizando las medianas,
asimismo también se consideró la variable sexo. Como variables dependientes se tomaron los tipos demotivación postulados en el Modelo Jerárquico de la Motivación.
Los cuestionarios fueron administrados con previo consentimiento de los entrenadores y de losdeportistas. Los componentes de nivel internacional los cumplimentaron en una competición de la
selección nacional, mientras que los deportistas de nivel nacional los rellenaron en el campeonato de
España.
3. RESULTADOS
3.1. ANÁLISIS ESTRUCTURAL: PROPIEDADES PSICOMÉTRICAS DE LOS INSTRUMENTOS.
3.1.1. Análisis de la Escala de percepción de competencia estado.
La escala de Percepción de Competencia Estado mide la percepción por parte del deportista desu propia competencia para la tarea. El análisis factorial confirmó la existencia de un factor, que explicó
el 47,76% de la varianza. Las puntuaciones factoriales de los ítems de la escala obtuvieron valores
comprendidos entre .82 y .43, aunque fue eliminado el ítem 3 por no alcanzar una puntuación factorial
igual a .40. El coeficiente Alpha obtuvo un valor de .68.
3.1.2. Análisis de la Escala de Percepción de apoyo a la autonomía estado.
La escala de Percepción de Apoyo a la Autonomía Estado mide la percepción por parte deldeportista de su propia autonomía para ejecutar la tarea. El análisis factorial confirmó un factor,
explicativo del 57,32% de la varianza. Las puntuaciones factoriales oscilaron entre .84 y .62, aunque tuvo
que eliminarse el ítem 13 por no conseguir un valor igual a .40. El coeficiente Alpha mostró un valor de.94.
3.1.3. Análisis de la Escala de percepción de relaciones sociales estado.
La escala de Percepción de Relaciones Sociales Estado mide las relaciones que mantiene eldeportistas con el resto de deportistas. A pesar de que la escala está compuesta por cinco subescalas,
referidas a las relaciones del deportista sus compañeros de equipo, entrenador, oponentes, árbitros/juecesy espectadores, en nuestro análisis, con el objetivo de simplificar el número de variables estudiadas,

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consideramos un solo factor que integraría el conjunto de estas relaciones, el cual explicó el 42,51% de lavarianza. Debido a la existencia de esas subescalas asumimos una menor consistencia interna delcuestionario y consideramos que para que cada ítem pudiese ser estimado obtuviera un peso mínimo de.35. Tres ítems (7, 14, 16) no alcanzaron ese valor por lo que fueron eliminados, el resto obtuvo
puntuaciones factoriales entre .79 y .39 El coeficiente Alpha obtuvo un valor de .91.
3.1.4. Análisis de la Escala de Motivación Deportiva.
Según este cuestionario existen siete tipos de motivación, tres corresponden a la motivación
intrínseca (MI): la MI de conocimiento, la MI de estimulación y la MI de ejecución. Otras tres
corresponden a la motivación extrínseca (ME): ME de identificación, ME de introyección y ME deregulación externa. Por último identifica la amotivación como la falta de motivación hacia la actividad,
considerándola predictora del abandono de ésta.
Para validar esta escala realizamos un análisis factorial con SEM (Structural Ecuation
Modeling), utilizando los programas estadísticos SPSS y AMOS. Los resultados de este análisis
mostraron un adecuado ajuste de conjunto, con unos coeficientes: χ2/gl = 2,403; TLI = 0,968; CFI =0,960; ; RMSEA = 0,088. Carmines y McIver (1981) consideran que valores de χ2 /gl inferiores a 3
indican un buen ajuste. Según Hu y Bentler (1999) consideran que el modelo se ajusta a los datos
empíricos cuando el TLI es superior a .90, y defienden que este índice es muy recomendable cuando se
trabaja con muestras pequeñas. Bentler (1995) consideran que valores superiores .90 del CFI indican un
adecuado ajuste del modelo. Por último, Browne y Cudeck (1993) consideran como aceptables valor del
RMSEA inferiores a .08. El único índice que no obtiene resultados satisfactorios es éste último, estando,
no obstante, cerca de este valor.
3.2. ANÁLISIS DESCRIPTIVO
Calculamos la media de cada una de las subescalas de la motivación en función de cada una delas variables de selección, dicotomizadas en altas o bajas utilizando la mediana.
Los grupos de alta percepción de competencia, percepción de apoyo a la autonomía y percepciónde relaciones sociales mostraron mayores puntuaciones en todas las subescalas de motivación, a
excepción de la amotivación.

Figura 2. Puntuaciones en motivación en función de la percepción de competencia.

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Figura 3. Puntuaciones en motivación en función de la percepción de apoyo a la autonomía.

Figura 4. Puntuaciones en motivación en función de la percepción de relaciones sociales.
3.3. ANÁLISIS INFERENCIAL
Con el objetivo de analizar la significatividad de las diferencias observadas en el análisis
descriptivo, realizamos un MANOVA tomando como variables independientes la percepción decompetencia, la percepción de apoyo a la autonomía, la percepción de relaciones sociales (dicotomizadas
en altas y bajas) y la variable sexo para controlarla como variable extraña. Por otro lado, las variables
dependientes fueron las subescalas de la motivación deportiva.
La prueba de los contrastes multivariados mostró efectos significativos sobre el conjunto de subescalas dela motivación de la percepción de competencia (p < .001), percepción de apoyo a la autonomía (p = .027)
y percepción de relaciones sociales (p=.026). Ni el sexo ni ninguna interacción mostraron efectos
significativos.
La prueba de los efectos inter-sujetos mostró efectos significativos de la percepción decompetencia sobre la MI, la ME identificada e introyectada y la amotivación. La percepción de apoyo a la

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autonomía produjo diferencias significativas en la MI y la percepción de relaciones sociales alcanzó
efectos significativos sobre la MI, la ME identificada y de regulación externa, y la amotivación.
Tabla 2. Efectos obtenidos en las pruebas de los efectos inter-sujetos
FuenteFactor
Percepcióndecompetencia

Variable dependiente
SC tipo III
gl MC
F
Sig.
MI de conocimiento
2,704
1
2,704
4,052
,047
MI de estimulación
7,939
1
7,939
12,300,001
MI de ejecución
9,213
1
9,213
15,470,000
ME identificada
10,9671
10,967
11,990,001
ME introyectada
8,802
1
8,802
7,143
,009
ME de regulación externa
5,006
1
5,006
3,719
,057
Amotivación
22,502
1
22,502
13,264,000
FactorMI de conocimiento
3,265
1
3,265
4,892
,029
percepción
MI de estimulación
3,994
1
3,994
6,188
,014
de apoyo a MI de ejecución
3,569
1
3,569
5,994
,016
la autonomía ME identificada
,528
1
,528
,577
,449
ME introyectada
,263
1
,263
,214
,645
ME de regulación externa
4,543
1
4,543
3,375
,069
Amotivación
5,567
1
5,567
3,281
,073
MI de conocimiento
9,825
1
9,825
14,722,000
Factorpercepción
MI de estimulación
7,258
1
7,258
11,245,001
MI de ejecución
3,928
1
3,928
6,596
,012
de
relaciones
ME identificada
7,061
1
7,061
7,720
,006
socialesME introyectada
2,872
1
2,872
2,331
,130
ME de regulación externa
7,650
1
7,650
5,683
,019
Amotivación
1,023
1
1,023
,603
,439
Nota: No aparecieron efectos significativos del sexo ni de las interacciones, por lo que no se indican
4. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES
Los resultados obtenidos en el estudio dan soporte parcial al Modelo Jerárquico de la Motivación(Vallerand, 1997, 2001; Vallerand y Losier, 1999) según el cual las percepciones de competencia,
autonomía y relaciones sociales actúan como variables que median la influencia de los factores sociales
sobre la motivación. Según esta teoría altas percepciones llevarán a alta MI y ME autodeterminada(identificada e introyectada), mientras que bajas percepciones tendrán efectos negativos sobre la MI y la
ME autodeterminada y elevarán la ME de regulación externa y la amotivación.
Los efectos de la percepción de competencia concuerdan en parte con la teoría, puesto que losmayores niveles de percepción de competencia se relacionaron con mayores puntuaciones en MI y ME
autodeterminada (identificada e introyectada). Asimismo, la amotivación se relacionó negativamente con
esta percepción. En cuanto a la ME de regulación externa, ésta estuvo cerca de relacionarse con lapercepción de competencia (p=.057), pero en sentido contrario a la propuesta de la teoría, puesto que losmayores niveles de ME de regulación externa se dieron en el grupo de alta percepción de competencia.
Los efectos de la percepción de apoyo a la autonomía sobre la motivación van en la línea
propuesta por la teoría, puesto que se dieron mayores niveles de MI en los deportistas con altos niveles depercepción de autonomía. No obstante, no se dieron efectos significativos sobre la ME de regulación
externa y amotivación.
Por último, los efectos de la percepción de relaciones sociales sobre la motivación fueron en la
dirección prevista en lo relativo a la MI y ME identificada. No obstante, los efectos sobre la ME deregulación externa fueron en la dirección contraria a la hipotetizada por la teoría, puesto que los mayores
niveles de ME de regulación externa se dieron en el grupo de alta percepción de relaciones sociales.
En conclusión, los resultados del estudio verifican las diferencias en MI en función de lapercepción de competencia, apoyo a la autonomía y relaciones sociales. También se verificanparcialmente las diferencias en la ME autodeterminada en función de estas percepciones, habiendoencontrado diferencias significativas en función de la percepción de competencia y relaciones sociales.
Por último, también se verifica parcialmente las diferencias en amotivación, siendo significativas en
función de la percepción de competencia.
Conviene resaltar como conclusión que en nuestro estudio se produjo una tendencia no predicha por lateoría, encontrándose efectos de la percepción de relaciones sociales sobre la ME de regulación externa,

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de forma que mayores niveles de percepción de competencia se correspondieron con mayores niveles de
ME de regulación externa. Asimismo, los efectos de la percepción de competencia (p =.057) y depercepción de apoyo a la autonomía (p =.069) también estuvieron cerca de la significación estadística,
con la misma tendencia que para la percepción de competencia. Parece ser que en situación
precompetitiva, donde el hecho de ganar o perder, y de conseguir las recompensas asociadas a la victoria,
adquiere mayor relevancia, los mediadores no se relacionan negativamente con la ME de regulación
externa sino que lo hacen positivamente. Pensamos que en esta situación la ME de regulación externa, si
no es demasiado elevada podría relacionarse con una mejor actuación del deportista en la competición.
5. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICASBaumeister, R.F, y Leary, M.R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as afundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497-529.
Bentler, P.M. (1995). EQS structural equations program manual. Encino, CA: Multivariate Software.
Blais, M.R. y Vallerand, R.J. (1992). Construction and validation de l’Echelle des Perceptions
d’Autonomie dans les Domaines de Vie Unpublished manuscript. Université du Québec àMontréal.
Blanchard, C. y Vallerand, R.J. (1996a). The mediating effects of perceptions of competente, autonomy,
and relatedness on the social factors-self-determined situational motivation relatyionship.
Unpublished manuscript. Université du Québec à Montréal.
Blanchard, C. y Vallerand, R.J. (1996b). Perceptions of competente, autonomy, and relatedness as
psychological mediators of the social factors-contextual motivation relationship. Unpublishedmanuscript. Université du Québec à Montréal.
Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development. New York:
Basic Books.
Browne, M.W. y Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K.A. Bollen & J.S. Long
(Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136-162). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Cadorette, I., Blanchard, C. y Vallerand, R.J.(1996). On the influence of fitness centres and monitors’interactional style an participants’ motivation toward a weight loss program. Paper presented at
the annual conference of the Québec Society for Research on Psychology, Trois-Rivières,Québec, Canada.
Carmines, E.G. y McIver, J.P. (1981). Analyzing models with unobserved variables: analysis ofcovariance structures. En G.W. Bornstedt y E.F. Borgatta (Eds.), Social measurement: current
issues (pp. 112-133). Beverly Hills: Sage.
Connell, J.P. y Wellborn, J.G. (1991). Competence, autonomy and relatedness: A motivational analysis ofself-esteem processes. In M.R. Gunnar & L.A. Sroufe (Eds.), The Minnesota symposium onchild psychology. Vol. 22. Self-processes in development (pp. 43-77). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.;de Charms, R.C. (1968). Personal causation: The internal affective determinants of behaviour. New York:
Academic Press.
Deci, E.L. y Ryan, R.M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New
York: Plenum Press.
Deci, E.L. y Ryan, R.M. (1991). A motivational approach to self: Integration in personality. En R.
Dientsbier (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation. Vol. 38. Perspectives on motivation (pp.
237-288). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
Deci, E.L. (1975). Intrinsic motivation. New York: Plenum Press.
Deci, E.L. (1980). The psychology of self-determination. Lexington, MA: Health.
Goudas, M. y Biddle, S.J.H. (1994). Perceived motivational climate and intrinsic motivation in school
physical education classes. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 9, 241-250.;
Harlow, H.F. (1958). The nature of love. American Psychologist, 13, 673-685.
Harter, S. (1978). Effectance motivation reconsidered: Toward a developmental model. Human
Development, 1, 34-64.
Hu, L. y Bentler, P.M. (1999), Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis:
Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.
Losier, G.F. y Vallerand, R.J. (1995). Development and validation of the Interpersonal Relationships inSport Scale. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 26, 307-326.
Losier, G.F., Vallerand, R.J. y Blais, M.R. (1993). Construction and validation of the Perceived
Competente in Life Contexts Scale. Science et comportement, 23, 1-16.
Pelletier, L.G., Fortier, M.S., Vallerand, R.J., Tuson, K.M., Brière, N.M. y Blais, M.R. (1995). Toward anext measure of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation in sports: The Sport
Motivation Scale (SMS). Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 17, 331-340.

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Richer, S., y Vallerand, R.J. (1998). Construction et validation de l’Échelle du sentiment d’appartenancesociale [Construction and validation of the Relatedness Feeling Scale]. Revue européenne de
psychologie appliquée, 48, 129-137.
Ryan, R.M. (1993). Agency and organization: Intrinsic motivation, autonomy and the self in
psychological development. In R. Dientsbier (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation (Vol. 40,
pp. 1-56). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
Vallerand, R.J., y Losier, G. (1999). An Integrative Analysis of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation inSport. Journal of applied sport psychology 11, 142-169.
Vallerand, R.J. y Reid, G. (1984). On the causal effects of perceived competence on intrinsic motivation:
A testo f cognitive evaluation theory. Journal of Sport Psychology, 6, 94-102.
Vallerand, R.J. y Reid, G. (1988). On the relative effects of positive and negative verbal feedback on ales
and females’ intrinsic motivation. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Sciences, 20, 239-250.
Vallerand, R.J. (1997). Toward a Hierarchical Model of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation. In M.P. Zanna(Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol.29, pp 271-360). New York, San Diego:
Academic Press.
Vallerand, R.J. (2001). A Hierarchical Model of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation in Sport and Exercice.
En G.C. Roberts (Ed.), Advances in Motivation in sport and exercise (pp. 263-320).University ofQuebec at Montreal. Human Kinetics.
White, R.W. (1959). Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological Review, 66,
297-333.
Whitehead, J.R. y Corbin, C.B. (1991). Self-esteem in children and youth: The role of sport and physicaleducation. In K.R. Fox (Ed.), The physical self (pp. 175-203). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

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CONSEQUENCES OF CUTTING WEIGHT ON INDICES OF BONE METABOLIC HEALTH IN
ELITE FEMALE JUDOISTSCarl De Créeprof.cdcree@earthlink.net
IGER

Similar to other disciplines organized in weight classes, judo athletes go through extreme measures interms of training and dieting, to make the lightest possible weight category. High-level competitive judo
is associated with frequent musculo-tendinous injuries. It has been observed that female judoists who takeestrogen-containing contraceptives had approximately one-third less such injuries than nonusers. In
consequence, it has been suspected that a relationship exists between hormones, muscles, bones andinjuries in high-level female judoists. The question arises whether such injures could be related tomaintaining minimal body mass and menstrual status. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively andqualitatively assess the effects of severe training and weight cycling in elite judoists on bone and muscle
metabolism. Participants included 27 nulliparous, female, elite-judoists (age 17-29 yrs), <72 Kg bodymass, no hormonal contraceptives, an age-matched control group (oarswomen). Measurements comprised
anthropometry, cardiorespiratory, hormone and urinalysis in both the follicular and luteal phases. Subjects
participated in a five-week program of heavy aerobic, anaerobic, and resistance training as part ofOlympic preparations. Sharp increases were observed in parameters of muscle & bone breakdown, to theextent that myoglobinuria was present. These phenomena were correlated with the amount of weight loss
and amenorrheic status. The decreases in plasma estrogens and increases in bone and muscle turnover
were accompanied by the number of injuries almost tripling. The results suggest that judo traininginduced periods of weight loss produce transient bone and muscle catabolism, which is restored when
gaining or maintaining healthy body mass. However, in women judoists, recovery of normal bone andmuscle status requires eumenorrhea and normal circulating estrogens. The considerable weight-bearing
and biomechanical stress which judo practice exerts on bone, results in positive long-term effects on bonehealth if normal menstruation is maintained or soon restored.

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EFFECTS OF RECREATIONAL AND COMPETITIVE JUDO KATA PRACTICE ON
CARDIORESPIRATORY HEALTH AS EVALUATED BY A PORTABLE GAS ANALYZER
SYSTEM. A PILOT STUDYCarl De Créeprof.cdcree@earthlink.net
IGER

The last couple of years there is an increased interest in judo kata practice, triggered by the introductionof kata contests at an international level. Various physiological and psychological scientific studies havefocused on karate kata, but virtually no addition has been paid by the medical literature to thecardiopulmonary or other effects or requirements of judo kata practice. The purpose of this study was: (1)to gain initial cardiorespiratory data in both recreational and competitive judo kata players, and (2) to test
the suitability of the Jaeger Oxycon Mobile™ portable gas analyzer system in similar studies. Twentyfour male subjects participated in this tests. Judo kata are standardized formal choreographic exercises, ofwhich commonly 7 different exercises are practiced, usually in couple. Sei-ryoku zen’yō kokumin taiiku
was not included because of its various solo components. Each kata was tested, though not all subjects
were able to perform all kata given the highly advanced level required to suitably perform the two
ultimate kata. Cardiorespiratory data were obtained by using a Jaeger Oxycon Mobile™ portable gas
analyzer system, while blood lactate was determined by use of a portable lactate analyzer. Results showedthat kata practice is an excellent aerobic exercise, of which the low injury component makes it suitable forjudo practitioners of all ages. Considerable differences in energy expenditure exist between performers
despite the standardization. We suggest that the level of experience as well as self-determined pace,intensity and type of kata are responsible for these results. Portable gas and lactate analyzers are suitable
instruments to study the cardiorespiratory needs of judo kata practice.

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BLUE JUDOGIS MAY BIAS COMPETITION OUTCOMESDavid Matsumoto
dm@sfsu.edu
San Francisco State University
Jun Konno
Nihon University
Stephanie Hata
University of California, Davis
Masayuki Takeuchi
Daito Bunka University

In this study we investigated the existence of a win bias in judo competition as a function of judogi color.
We analyzed the results of four major international competitions – the 2001, 2003, and 2005 WorldChampionships, and the 2004 Athens Olympic Games – in terms of whether or not athletes were more
likely to have won their matches when wearing the blue judogi. The results indicated a statisticallysignificant bias in winning percentage for male athletes who wear the blue judogi, but not for females.
This bias increased within a tournament from beginning to end, and across years.
Key Words: Judo Judogi color competition outcomes bias

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BRAIN PLASTICITY: EFFECTS OF JUDO PRACTICE ON GRAY MATTER VOLUME
Wantuir Francisco Siqueira Jacini
wantuir@gmail.com
Neuroimaging Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Science of State University of Campinas, Brazil.
Gianna Cannonieri
Neuroimaging Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Science of State University of Campinas, Brazil.
Paula T. Fernandes
Neuroimaging Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Science of State University of Campinas, Brazil.
Leonardo Bonilha
Department of Neuropsychiatry and Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South
Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, U.S.A.
Fernando Cendes
Neuroimaging Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Science of State University of Campinas, Brazil.
Li M. Li
Neuroimaging Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Science of State University of Campinas, Brazil.

Rationale: Experimental animal studies have shown that physical exercise, planning and execution ofcomplex movements are associated with changes in brain structure. These changes possibly reflect plastic
modifications of the cortical mantle in response to an enhanced demand imposed by motor task and/or
physical exercise. In humans, cortical plasticity in relation to physical activities is yet to be fully
determined and quantified. Objective: To investigate changes on gray matter volume in judo players using
voxel-based-morphometry (VBM) of high resolution MRI. Methods: Eight high-level judo players andeighteen healthy controls were enrolled in this study. MRI was performed in a 2T scanner (Elscint
Prestige Haifa, Israel). VBM was performed using the software package SPM 2 on T1-weighted images
with 1 mm isotropic voxels. The resulting gray matter volume (GMV) probabilistic maps were compared,
voxel-by-voxel, using the Wilcoxon test, in order to determine differences in gray matter concentration
between controls and judo practitioners. Statistical results were correct for multiple comparisons using a
false discovery rate corrected p-value of .05. Results: We found significant increase in regional graymatter in the judo players’ group. Increase in gray matter volume was found in the frontal lobe (precentral gyrus, frontal middle and superior gyrus, supplementary motor area; paracentral gyrus, frontal
inferior triangular gyrus, frontal middle and superior orbital gyrus, rectus gyrus and opercular gyrus),parietal lobes (parietal superior and inferior gyrus and precuneus), occipital lobes (occipital superior andmiddle gyrus) and temporal lobes (temporal middle and inferior gyrus). There was also increase in thegrey matter volume of the cerebella (cerebellum 1, 7b and 6). Conclusion: Our findings suggest thatmotor planning and execution, embedded in judo practice, can induce changes in the brain GMV.

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STUDY ON MECHANISM OF INJURY GENERATION AND REDUCTION THERAPY BASED ON
JUDO FORMS CALLED AS KATA
Takashi Watanabesugiura@shadan-nissei.or.jp / masa@jvb.co.jp
Japan Judo Therapist Association

The techniques of Hiza-gatame (knee lock) and Hara-gatame (stomach lock) called as Kime-no-Kata aim
at a positioning of elbow joints to cause a dislocation. Here, the underlying mechanism for the dislocation
theory and reduction theory were investigated from the aspects of Kansetsu-waza (joint techniques).
We examined the mechanisms focusing on the motion of body and the positioning of joints as well as
power direction and its timing in relation to Judo-Seifuku therapy and verify the mechanism through Judotechniques in practice. Kime-no-Kata in Judo mainly consists of Atemi-waza (striking techniques) and
Kansetsu-waza (joint techniques), and also includes Nage-waza (throwing techniques) and Katame-waza(grappling techniques). Their offensive and defensive techniques are essential for waza. These waza areable to verify the individual motion by actually reproducing the respective components. The techniques ofSuriage (knee lock) and Tukkomi (stomach lock) aim to let the opponent loose balance utilizing theoffensive force while keeping one’s own balance, resulting that direct and indirect forces are loaded on
the opponent’s elbow joints. The force produced by Kansetsu-waza is able to easily induce a dislocationin an instance via the action of moment applying the principle of leverage. When compared with theconventional reduction procedures in clinical practice and Roser’s procedures that retrospectively follow
the generation process of dislocation, these procedures for Seifuku therapy are basically coincident except
for a loading of excessive extension on the elbow joint. Kansetsu-waza, a decisive technique form calledas Kime-no-Kata aims to take a posture of dislocation by effectively loading an external force. The
dislocation generation theory (injury generation mechanism) and the theory of Judo reduction therapy
retrospectively following the generation process of dislocation from the aspect of kinetics were reviewed
to clarify the respective characteristics. Thus, Judo-Seifuku theory was introduced through conversely
tracing the individual motions of Kansetsu-waza.

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POSTER PRESENTATIONTALENT IDENTIFICATION OF THE WOMEN JUDOISTSŞengül Demiral, Ali Demir, İbrahim Erdemir, Hadi Kızılyaprak
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THROWING SPEED BETWEEN HEAVIER AND LIGHTER CATEGORIES IN JUDO
Ramdane Almansba, Emerson Franchini, Stanislaw Sterkowicz, Rodney T Immamura, Michel Calmet, Said Ahmaidi
A PHYSIOLOGICAL APPROACH OF NEW SPECIAL JUDO TEST PROPOSAL
Ramdane Almansba, Emerson Franchini, Stanislaw Sterkowicz
RECOVERY TIME AFTER WEIGH-IN DURING REGIONAL LEVEL JUDO CHAMPIONSHIP
Guilherme G Artioli, Daniel B Kashiwagura, Marina G da C Fuchs, Marina Y Solis, Mariane Takesian, Antonio H Lancha Junior
THE INFLUENCE OF TRAINING EXERCISE ON THE ACTIVITY OF CREATINE KINASE IN PLASMA OF THE ELITEMEN JUDO PLAYERS DURING DIRECT STARTING PREPARATION.
Wieslaw Blach, Slawomir Kownacki, Jaroslaw Bojarski
THE DEVELOPMENT OF JUDO IN A UK UNIVERSITY ENVIRONMENT
Mike Callan
EXAMINING PSYCHOLOGICAL READJUSTMENT PROCESS AFTER RETIREMANT FROM COMPETITIVE JUDO
Fabio Cardias, Katia Rúbio
PERFIL TÉCNICO TÁCTICO DE LOS JUDOKAS INFANTILES FINALISTAS EN EL CTO. DE ESPAÑA
Vicente Carratalá Deval, Jose Manuel García García, Luis Fernandes Monteiro, Bibiana Calvo Rico
LA FUERZA EXPLOSIVA Y ELÁSTICO-EXPLOSIVA EN LOS JUDOKAS INFANTILES Y CADETES DEL EQUIPONACIONAL ESPAÑOL
Vicente Carratalá Deval, Helio Carratalá Bellod, Ana Pablos Monzó, Lara Carques Valera
JUDOKAS’ HAND GRIP STRENGTH STUDY, ACCORDING TO AGE, WEIGHT CLASS AND CHAMPIONSHIPPERFORMANCE
Mauro C G A Carvalho, João Paulo Dubas, Julio C Prado, Felipe L P Carvalho, Estélio H M Dantas, Gerson G C, Luiz Landau,
Alexandre J Drigo, Paulo H S M Azevedo
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LONG-TERM PLAYER DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY
Darren Challis
QUESTIONNAIRE-BASED ASSESSMENT OF WHY PARENTS CHOOSE JUDO AS A PRACTICE FOR THEIR CHILDREN.
Antenor Magno da Silva Neto, Flavio Henrique Bastos, Emerson Franchini
AUGMENTED REALITY APPLIED TO USHIRO-UKEMI VISUALIZATION
Mauro C G A Carvalho, Estélio Henrique M Dantas, Gerson G Cunha, Luiz Landau. Homero da S N Júnior
PILOT STUDY FOR THE CREATION OF AN ANAEROBIC POWER TEST BASED ON UCHIKOMI
Paulo H S M Azevedo, Mauro C G A Carvalho, Alexandre J Drigo, Vilmar Baldissera, Homero S N Júnior, Gerson G Cunha, Luis
Landau, Estélio H M Dantas
TAI OTOSHI CHECKLISTS’ RELIABILITY
Jaqueline Freitas de Oliveira Neiva, Fábio Rodrigo Ferreira Gomes, Wagner Kenji Shimoda, Go Tani, Cássio de Miranda Meira Jr
PHYSICAL PREPARATION OF TWO HIGH PERFORMANCE JUDO ATHLETES, A CASE STUDY
Felipe Leal de Paiva Carvalho, Estélio H M Dantas, José Fernandes Filho, Mauro C G A Carvalho, Thiago Takara, Filipe Terada
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT MUSCLE ACTIONS ON SPECIAL JUDO FITNESS TEST PERFORMANCE
Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio, Bianca Miarka, Emerson Franchini
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMPETITION VOLUME AND OLYMPIC QUALIFICATION. A STUDY OF THREE
PLAYERS FROM PINEWOOD JUDO CLUB, UK
Matthew Divall
FITNESS LEVEL OF MALE COMPETITIVE JUDO PLAYERS
Miodrag Drapšin, Patrik Drid, Nikola Grujić, Tatjana Trivić
THIGH MUSCLES MUSCLES FLEXTION/EXTENSION RATIO IN ELITE JUDO PLAYERS
Patrik Drid, Miodrag Drapšin, Tatjana Trivić, Milovan Bratić, Slavko Obadov
CONTEXT OF PRACTICE IN THE ACQUISITION OF THE TAI OTOSHI
Fábio Rodrigo Ferreira Gomes, Cássio de Miranda Meira Jr., Wagner Kenji Shimoda, Jaqueline Freitas de Oliveira Neiva, Go Tani
STATE LEVEL JUDO COMPETITION RESULTS: A 7-YEAR FOLLOW-UP
Emerson Franchini, Ursula Ferreira Julio, Carlos Henrique de C. Rebelo, Danusa Shira, Thiago Rodrigues

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COMPETITION ANALYSIS
Hans-Dieter Heinisch, Roland Oswald
FEATURES OF THE TECHNICAL-TACTICAL PERFORMANCE CAPACITY OF THE WORLD’S TOP JUDOKA
Hans-Dieter Heinisch, Roland Oswald
ARE JUNIOR MEDALISTS ABLE TO RETAIN THEIR PERFORMANCE ON SENIOR YEARS?
Ursula Ferreira Julio, Carlos Henrique de C. Rebelo, Emerson Franchini
REINFORCEMENT OF PHYSICAL STRENGTH AND JUDO TRAINING AT RITSUMEIKAN UNIVERSITY JUDO CLUB(NO. 2)
Shun Kasuga
TIME STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITIES PERFORMED DURING A JUDO MATCH
Giovani Marcon, Emerson Franchini, Douglas Eduardo de Brito Vieira, Turíbio Leite de Barros Neto
CULTURE AND ORGANIZATIONAL MODEL OF THE JUDO FEDERATION OF THE RIO DE JANEIRO STATE (FJERJ)
Leandro Mazzei
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A VIDEO ANALYSIS CODE FOR PERFORMANCE JUDO: UTILISING THE KNOWLDEGECONSTRUCT OF WORLD CLASS
Katrina McDonald
L’APTITUDE AEROBIE CHEZ LES JUDOKAS TUNISIENSMohamed Hosni, C. Ben Hassen, Z. Bartagi, M .Kachouri, A et Snoussi
APLICACIÓN DE DIFERENTES MÉTODOS DE ENTRENAMIENTO CONCURRENTE PARA MEJORAR EL
RENDIMIENTO DEL JUDOKA.
Raquel Escobar Molina, Emerson Franchini, Paulino Padial Puche, Maria B Feriche Fernández-Castanys, Ignacio J Chirosa Ríos,
Maria T Miranda León
THE STRENGTH AND POWER IN JUDO – CHARACTERISTICS MALE AND FEMALE
Luis Fernandes Monteiro, José Manuel García García, Vicent Carratala
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIFTING HAND HOLD AND FAVORITE TECHNIQUE IN JUDO
Hikaru Murata
THE JUDO IN THE ITALIAN PRIMARY SCHOOL
Emanuela Pierantozzi, Rosa Maria Muroni
APPLIED PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN JUDO
Takeshi Nakajima
CONTEST ANALYSIS OF WORLD JUDO CHAMPIONSHIPS IN 1995-2005
Isamu Nakamura, Ryozo Nakamura, Hatsuyuki Hamada, Michito Sakamoto
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF JUDO TECHNIQUES INCORPORATED INTO FALL PREVENTION TRAINING
Shinya Negoro, Shuichi Okada
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE BONE DENSITY MEASUREMENT FOR JUDO PLAYERS BY ULTRASOUND MEASURING
METHOD
Ryuji Okada, Nobuyuki Ashida, Kazuhiko Kawabata, Norio Takashima
Terumasa Higashi
SYSTEMATIZATION OF TRAINING AND PERFORMANCE OF JUDO ATHLETES FROM THE NORTH REGION HIGHPERFORMANCE TRAINING CENTER (CTAR/RN)
Júlio C do Prado, Mauro C G A Carvalho, Raimundo Fortunato Junior, Lucio G de Mendonça, Dejanir N Cardoso, Ewertton de S
Bezerra, Cleris de A Santana
LA GEOGRAPHIE : UNE AIDE AU DEVELOPPEMENT DE LA PRATIQUE DU JUDOLoïc Ravenel, Julien Duval
DIFFERENCES OF THE GROUPS OF THROWS USED BY MAN AND WOMAN IN DIFFERENT WEIGHT CATEGORIESDURING THE EUROPEAN JUNIOR JUDO CHAMPIONSHIPS 2005
Hrvoje Sertić, Ivan Segedi, Stanislaw Sterkowicz
TAI OTOSHI CHECKLISTS’ CONTENT VALIDITY
Wagner Kenji Shimoda, Fábio Rodrigo Ferreira Gomes, Jaqueline Freitas de Oliveira Neiva, Go Tani, Cássio de Miranda Meira Jr.
LATERALITY: HAVE THE LEFT-LIMBED JUDOKA ANY ADVANTAGES IN JUDO FIGHT?
Stanislaw Sterkowicz, Jan Blecharz, Grzegorz Lech
MOTIVATIONAL DIFFERENCES ACCORDING TO GENDER AND COMPETITIVE LEVEL OF JUDO PLAYERS
Stanislaw Sterkowicz, Guilherme Artioli, Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio, Emerson Franchini

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MOUNTAIN TRAINING FOR JUDOKAS PREPARATION.
Sergey Telyuk
PROBLEMS OF JUDOKAS' SELECTION FOR OLYMPIC GAMES OF 2008
GAMES OF 2012.
Sergey Telyuk

AND PROPOSALS FOR THE OLYMPICPSYCOLOGICAL PROFILES IN JUDO: IMPLICATIONS FOR TALENT IDENTIFICATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Farshad Tojari, Derakshan .M, Amini .A, Zareian . M, Kohandel.M
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PHISIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE JUDO BOUT AND THE BASIC AND SPECIFIC
FITNESS TESTS
Hrvoje Sertić, Ivan Segedi, Stanislaw Sterkowicz
SPECIFIC DYNAMOMETER TO MEASURE THE FORCE OF THE ARMS OF JUDO ATHLETES.
Leszek A Szmuchrowski, Ney Wilson P da Silva, Rodrigo G da S Carvalho, Jacielle C Ferreira, Renato M Ferreira
A SURVEY ON THE PROBLEMS OF JUDO ATHLETES AFTER RECONSTRUCTION OF ANTERIOR CRUCIATE
LIGAMENT DUE TO REINTEGRATION INTO ACTIVE PLAYER
Seiji Miyazaki, Yasuhiro Yamashita, Nobuyuki Sato, Toshiaki Hashimoto, Kenji Mitsumoto, Hideharu Shirase, Hidetoshi
Nakanishi, Kenichiro Agemizu
LE PROGRAMME DE L'EXERCICE D'INTERVALLE DU JUDO POUR LES ATHLÈTES FEMMESNoriko Mizoguchi, Yoko Tanabe, Ryoko Watanabe
ANALISIS DE DISTINTOS INDICADORES CONDICIONALES DE JUDOKAS DE RELEVANCIA INTERNACIONAL VSJUDOKAS DE RELEVANCIA NACIONAL
José Manuel García García, Luis Fernandes Monteiro, Bibiana Calvo Rico, Fernando Navarro Valdivielso, José María González
Ravé, Alfonso García Muñoz

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September, 12 , 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

TALENT IDENTIFICATION OF THE WOMEN JUDOISTSŞengül Demiral
Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
Youth and Sports Association, Edirne, Turkey.
Ali DemirMarmara University, School of Pysical Education and Sports, Edirne, Turkey.
İbrahim Erdemir
Trakya University, School of Pysical Education And Sports, Edirne, Turkey.
Hadi Kızılyaprak
Youth and Sports Association, Edirne, Turkey

Introduction: The aim of the study was to determine some motoric characteristics effecting to success at
judo and judoist. Material and Methods: For that reason, totally 250 athletes (man and woman) beginning
the judo at recently were tested (pre-test) by some motoric tests, designed in the beginning of research, at
the March of 2003 in Edirne. The development of the selected judoists has been watched throughout three
years. The 50 athletes (man and woman), who have been continuing the judo, were tested again (post-test)at the July of the 2006. Judoists were separated in two groups. One is successful (who were in nationalteam of the Türkiye, and placed in the champion of the Türkiye) and the other is unsuccessful (who were
not in national team of the Türkiye, and not placed in the champion of the Türkiye). The tests were;
weight, height, statistics balance test, dynamics balance test, coordination test, quickness test, long jump
test and speed test in the research. All gathered data were analyzed by the SPSS for Windows. Descriptive
analysis and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test (pre-test – post-test for successful women judoists andunsuccessful women judoists) were used for statistical evaluation at significance level p<0.05 and p<0.01.
Results: There were no significance differences between the pre-test and post-test for successful women
judoists, the value of quickness tests, long jump test and speed test. However there were a significancedifferences at the level of p<0,05 between the pre-test and post-test for successful women judoists, thevalue of statistics balance test, dynamics balance test and coordination test. There were no significancedifferences between the pre-test and post-test for unsuccessful women judoists, the value of statistics
balance test, dynamics balance test, coordination test, quickness tests, long jump test and speed test.
Conclusion: The athletes could have a good value of the parameters decided in the research in order to bea successful women judoists or selecting a successful women judoists, together with good physical,
physiological and psychological criteria.
Keywords: judo, statistics balance, dynamics balance, coordination, quickness, speed.

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September, 12 , 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THROWING SPEED BETWEEN HEAVIER AND LIGHTER
CATEGORIES IN JUDO
Ramdane Almansba
r.almansba@yahoo.fr
Laboratory of Sport and Health, Faculty of Sciences Sport and Physical Education, France
Emerson Franchini
Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group
School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
Stanislaw Sterkowicz
Head of Department of Combat Sports, Academy of Physical Education, Kraków – Poland
Rodney T Immamura
Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, California State University, Sacramento, USA
Michel Calmet
APS et Conduites Motrices: Adaptations, Réadaptations
Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, France
Said Ahmaidi
APS et Conduites Motrices: Adaptations, Réadaptations",
Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, France.
The aim of this work was to verify if there was a difference in throwing speed performance between
heavier and lighter weight categories in judo. Sixteen judoists aged 18±3 years-old, eight considered in
the light weight category (-73 kg) and eight considered in the heavy weight category (+73 kg) participatedin the study. A force/velocity test was used to determine the anaerobic power, strength, and pedal speed
for each subject. Three trials of Nage-komi exercise, each comprised of 15s sets of Osoto-gari, Uchi-mataand Ippon-seoi-nage throws were performed by each subject to ascertain throwing speed. Throws within
the sets were intersected by one period of 3 minute passive rest while the trials were separated by one
period of 10 minute passive rest. Heart rate and the greatest number of throws within each set were
measured for three trials. We used an ANOVA to compare the number of throws between the two weightcategories and a "Student" test when the difference was significant. A correlation was used to examine thelink between the different parameters. Results show that in the force/velocity test pedal speed did not
differ between the two categories. However, there was a significant difference between the two categories
when throwing speed was measured by the number of throws executed during the Ippon-seoi-nage andUchi-mata, but there was no significant difference between the two categories for Osoto-gari. Our study
showed that the throwing speed of judoists represented by number of throws appears to besignificantly different between the two categories. The lighter category has more speed than the heavier
category using arm technique (Ippon-seoi-nage), while the heavier category has more speed using leg
technique with half turn of the attacker's body (Uchi-mata). As a result, throwing speed is related to thetype of technique used and not weight category.

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Annals of the 5 International Judo Federation World Research Symposiumth
September, 12 , 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

A PHYSIOLOGICAL APPROACH OF NEW SPECIAL JUDO TEST PROPOSAL
Ramdane Almansba
r.almansba@yahoo.fr
Laboratory of Sport and Health, Faculty of Sciences Sport and Physical Education, France
Emerson Franchini
Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group
School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Săo Paulo
Stanislaw Sterkowicz
Head of Department of Combat Sports, Academy of Physical Education, Kraków – Poland
The aim of this work was to elaborate and validate a specific test to evaluate the physical condition of
judo players. Eleven elite and 12 sub-elite judo players (22±4 years-old) participated in our study. They
were submitted to the test of Leger et al. (1984), the vertical Jump test and the Australian test. The
Special Judo Test (SJT) reproduces the physiological and mechanical characteristics of a judo fight. In
SJT an attacker must perform 6 series. The duration of the first series is 23s and increasing of 3s by series(in static work of arms), separated by a rest period of 4s, increasing 2s each series. During this test the
subject performs two sequences of work: (1) Static work of arms: during 3s the subject grips the sleeve
and reverse of a judogi in a fixed bar; (2) Dynamic and explosive work (20s). While going down of the
fixed bar, the judo player runs toward one of the two ukes (receivers), practise Uchi-komi (Ippon-seoinage) with load, and then move towards the other uke and practise Sode-tsuri-komi-goshi. The results
showed significant correlations between muscular power and performance during the Uchi-komi test
(r =0.52, p<0.01). Furthermore, there were also correlations between the number of Uchi-komi in two
better series of specific judo test and the anaerobic power represented by the distance covered in 30s
during the Australian shuttle test (r = 0.86, p < 0.01) and between the anaerobic capacity represented by
the whole distance covered and the total number of Uchi-komi achieved at the judo test (r=0.88, p<0.01).
We recorded an average heart rate of 178±5 beats.min-1 with peaks of 191±7 beats.min-1 corresponding to
93% of the maximum heart rate. Thus, it can be concluded that the Uchi-komi test proposed is primarily
an anaerobic test and has similar cardiovascular solicitation of a judo match.

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September, 12 , 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

RECOVERY TIME AFTER WEIGH-IN DURING REGIONAL LEVEL JUDO CHAMPIONSHIP
Guilherme Giannnini Artioli
artioli@usp.br
Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group
Laboratory of Applied Nutrition
School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
Daniel Brandão Kashiwagura
Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group
School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
Marina Gomes da Costa Fuchs
Laboratory of Applied Nutrition, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
Marina Yagizi SolisLaboratory of Applied Nutrition, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São PauloMariane TakesianLaboratory of Applied Nutrition, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
Antonio Herbert Lancha Junior
Laboratory of Applied Nutrition, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
Judo competitions are divided by weight classes. In attempt to gain some advantage against smaller andlighter opponents, many athletes reduces significant amount of body weight few days before competitions
in order to qualify to a weight class below to their actual body weight. Literature has been shown that
rapid weight loss may lead to performance impairment. However, depending on some factors such as dietcomposition and recovery time after weigh-in, rapid weight loss may not cause performance decreases.
There is no data available regarding the time between weigh-in and the first match. Depending on the
duration of this interval, recovery after weight reduction may be more or less complete. In view of this,the aim of this study was to determine the time interval between weigh-in and the first match in regional
level judo championship. We followed up 117 male athletes (juvenile = 35; junior = 43; senior = 39)
during two São Paulo city tournaments in 2007. The data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, and theresults are expressed as mean + standard deviation. The time interval was 230 + 58 minutes (juvenile =163 + 12; junior = 227 + 29; senior = 294 + 31 minutes). The results show that recovery time after weighin may vary for close to 3 hours up to approximately 5 hours. Although some variations can occur
depending on the competition schedule and organization matters, we believe that, at least when theweigh-in and the combats were in the same day, the interval pattern will be similar to found in the present
study. Five hours may be not sufficient to promote complete rehydration and glycogen restoration and,
consequently, return performance to basal values. Thus, athletes should reconsider their rapid weight loss
practices.

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September, 12 , 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

THE INFLUENCE OF TRAINING EXERCISE ON THE ACTIVITY OF CREATINE KINASE IN
PLASMA OF THE ELITE MEN JUDO PLAYERS DURING DIRECT STARTING PREPARATION
Wieslaw Blach
Department of Combat Sports, Academy of Physical Education in Wroclaw – Poland
wieslaw.judo@wp.pl
Slawomir Kownacki
Department of Combat Sports, Academy of Physical Education in Wroclaw - Poland
Jaroslaw Bojarski
Department of Combat Sports, Academy of Physical Education in Wroclaw - Poland
Background. In many sports disciplines, as well in judo, there is the possibility of evaluating thecompetitors body reactions on the applied training load, on the basis of the enzyme CK (creatinine kinase)activity measurements in plasma. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of exercise during
training sessions on the changes in creatine kinase activity in the blood plasma of judo contestans, during
direct competition preparation to European Championships. Material and methods. Seven members of
the Polish national men team participated in the tests. The study was undertaken during the national
polish men team training camp before the European Championships. The creatine kinase activity marking
was done every morning for 10 days. Blood drawn from the ear on the day following the training session
was tested. The “Analco” set and “Dr. Lange” (Germany) photometer-LP 400 were used for the creatine
kinase marking. Results. The results of biochemical research gain remarkable value, because they allow
to evaluate actual contestans reactions under influence of applied training load, that might be the starting
point to rationall planning of consecutive trainings or microcycles. Conclusions. The test results show thatthe changes in creatine kinase activity in blood plasma following exercise were mainly dependent on thetype and intensiveness of physical exercise. The results also suggest that marking creatine kinase in bloodplasma might become a useful test in the evaluation of training effects in judo in the future.

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September, 12 , 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

THE DEVELOPMENT OF JUDO IN A UK UNIVERSITY ENVIRONMENT
Mike Callan
University of Bathm.j.callan@bath.ac.uk
The historical development of judo in universities in the United Kingdom was investigated. The workdraws particularly on the archives of Oxford University and Cambridge University Judo Clubs, thepersonal archives of Mr Tony Sweeney 9th Dan, General Secretary of the British University Judo
Association, and the Richard Bowen Archive housed at the University of Bath. Bowen contends that theoldest club in Europe is the Trinity College Ju -Jutsu Club, formed by E.C.D. Rawlins, of Trinity College,
Cambridge University, in 1906 with an initial membership of 25 students. Oxford University Judo Club
was formed prior to 1926, the exact date is unclear. An important figure in the early days of Cambridge
Judo was JJ Knonsheil, who coached from 1926/7 until 1957, with occasional guidance from Gunji
Koizumi and the Budokwai. Under his tuition the Judo Varsity Matches began in 1930 between Oxford
and Cambridge. The Japanese Ambassador, Viscount Matsudaira, awarded the varsity trophy that bears
his name. The April 1929 edition of The Budokwail! Includes an article by Mr C.B.G. Dobson, entitled,“Judo at Oxford”. It mentions a successful lecture and demonstration of judo given by Mr Koizumi andMiss Woolhouse in Oxford on 30 January 1929, followed by a spectacular display of Kime-no-kata in thecourse of which Mr Koizumi attacked Miss Wolhouse with the “five-irons”. The meeting to discuss theforming of the British Judo Association was held at London University's Imperial College Union, in
1948. The Universities of Liverpool and Imperial College, London were represented at this founding
meeting. Following the death of Yukio Tani in 1951, the Tani Vase was presented by the Japan Society
and competed for by University sides. 1957 saw the formation of the British Universities Judo
Association, and competition in European and World University Championships.

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September, 12 , 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

EXAMINING PSYCHOLOGICAL READJUSTMENT PROCESS AFTER RETIREMANT FROMCOMPETITIVE JUDO
Fabio Cardias
Kiron.jp@gmail.com
University of São Paulo
Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group
Katia Rúbio
University of São Paulo
The career transition process is pointed as a difficult issue for top athletes. Retirement from athleticcompetition after years of time, energy, emotion and identity in their sports can be both a ¨crisis¨ and/or¨chance¨ for personal development and life cycle transition. Objective. To examine Nakagomi´s postretirement phases working hypothesis for future athletic retirement research while linking it to judo top
athletes. Method. It was presented the case studied of Mr.A after his post-retirement psychotherapy
reports while comparing to description and analysis procedure of judo athlete’s report in trying to identify
the proposed phases: 1.retirement ceremony-mourning; 2.inner travel-seeking mind expansion, and;
3.time perspective: present connected with past and future. Discussion. Mr.A case study and judo top
athlete’s report on post retirement career process comparative description-analysis and phases
identification has appointed for a coherent and possible use of Nakagomi´s clinical research method in
considering the three internal post retirement phases.

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PERFIL TÉCNICO TÁCTICO DE LOS JUDOKAS INFANTILES FINALISTAS EN EL CTO. DEESPAÑA
Vicente Carratalá Deval
vicent.carratala@uv.es
Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte. Universitat de Valencia
Jose Manuel García García
Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte. Universitad de Catilla La Mancha
Luis Fernandes Monteiro
Universidas Lusofona de técnica y humanidades de Lisboa
Bibiana Calvo Rico
Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte. Universitad de Catilla La Mancha
En la presente investigación analizamos las acciones técnicas más utilizadas y que conducen al éxito alos judokas de la selección española infantil masculina, las ventajas técnicas y sanciones conseguidas a lolargo del desarrollo de los combates. El análisis de las acciones técnicas mas eficaces y en su caso másutilizadas en cada uno de los pesos de judo, aportará datos del judo más eficaz en función de la categoríade peso, si a ello unimos el perfil del combate en cuanto a la temporalización de las distintas acciones,
tendremos sin duda una valiosa herramienta para el diseño de los planes de entrenamiento y la enseñanza
de la técnica, aspecto que puede ser abordado a lo largo del proceso de aprendizaje y desarrollo del judo,
en función del gusto y de las aptitudes del judoka, de la categoría de peso, del tipo de adversario, de lasenseñanzas recibidas. Los objetivos que se pretenden son: a) ofrecer a los entrenadores y jóvenes
deportistas, unas directrices claras en la orientación del entrenamiento que les permita desarrollar almáximo sus posibilidades, b) identificar las características técnicas y tácticas de los deportistas integrados
en el equipo nacional de judo, c) establecer los perfiles técnicos-tácticos de los finalistas del Campeonato
de España infantil masculino.La muestra esta formada por 14 judokas finalistas del Campeonato de
España, de los que se analizaron 28 combates. La recogida de información se realizó mediante laobservación directa de árbitros de la Real Federación Española de Judo que completaron la planilla oficial
de registro del desarrollo de los combates de los Campeonatos de España Infantil, datos que fueron
tratados con el programa SPSS. Las conclusiones indican que los componentes del equipo nacional dejudo masculino de la categoría infantil se caracteriza por utilizar con mayor frecuencia el grupo detécnicas de te- waza, seguido de ashi-waza y de los sutemis, siendo también importante el número
ventajas obtenidas por sanciones. Las técnicas más eficaces en este grupo son, seoi- nage, tani- otoshi yharai- goshi.
Palabras clave: técnica, competición, judo

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LA FUERZA EXPLOSIVA Y ELÁSTICO-EXPLOSIVA EN LOS JUDOKAS INFANTILES YCADETES DEL EQUIPO NACIONAL ESPAÑOL
Vicente Carratalá Deval
vicent.carratala@uv.es
Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte. Universitat de Valencia
Helio Carratalá Bellod
Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte. Universitad Catolica de Valencia. España
Ana Pablos Monzó
Universidad Catolica de Valencia. España
Lara Carques Valera
Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte. Universitat de Valencia. España
El judo como deporte de combate con agarre, tiene unas necesidades fisiológicas que deben serdesarrolladas a través del entrenamiento, para lo cual, nuestro primer trabajo debe consistir en identificar
las cualidades que se combinan en el judo, para poder así establecer los parámetros necesarios para laelaboración de un plan de entrenamiento con suficientes garantías de éxito de cara a la participación
competitiva. En el deporte del judo, caracterizado por la complejidad de actos motores y capacidades
motrices, se impone el desarrollo de todas las formas de fuerza, fuerza máxima, fuerza resistencia yfuerza rápida o fuerza explosiva. Dado que la fuerza y la potencia en la competición, tienden a diferenciara los campeones del resto de los competidores, en el presente trabajo analizaremos la valoración la fuerza
explosiva, elástico-explosiva de los judokas infantiles y cadetes del equipo nacional español. El objetivodel presente trabajo consiste en establecer el perfil básico funcional de los judokas de élite de lascategorías de edad infantil y cadete de ambos sexos. La muestra de la investigación esta formada los 75
judokas, 39 mujeres y 36, hombres que fueron convocados a la concentración del equipo nacional. Para
valorar las manifestaciones de fuerza explosiva y elástico-explosiva aplicamo los siguientes test: el Squat
jump (SJ), el Counter Movement Jump (CMJ), el Squat Jump adaptado al tren superior (SJB), el Counter
Movement Jump adaptado al tren superior (SJB). En el análisis de los resultados nos centramos en losvalores de las medias que se han obtenido en las pruebas seleccionadas para valorar las manifestaciones
de fuerza explosiva (SJ) y de fueza elástico-explosiva (CMJ) en los miembros inferiores y superiores(SJB y CMJB) de los judokas de la selección española de judo masculina y femenina categoría cadete e
infantil.
Palabras clave: Judo. Fuerza. Élite

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JUDOKAS’ HAND GRIP STRENGTH STUDY, ACCORDING TO AGE, WEIGHT CLASS AND
CHAMPIONSHIP PERFORMANCE
Mauro Cesar Gurgel de Alencar Carvalho
maurogurgel@gmail.com, mcgac@coc.ufrj.br, mauro_gurgel@hotmail.com
JUDÔjo – Grupos de estudos e pesquisa de JudôColégio Pedro II, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – COPPE – LAMCEJoão Paulo Dubas
JUDÔjo – Grupos de estudos e pesquisa de JudôUniversidade Santa Cecília, Escola Paulista de Medicina – UFESP
Julio Cesar do PradoJUDÔjo – Grupos de estudos e pesquisa de JudôColégio LaSalle – Manaus – AMCentro Olímpico de Manaus
Felipe Leal de Paiva CarvalhoJUDÔjo – Grupo de estudos e pesquisas de Judô (RJ)
Grupo de estudos de força – LABIMH – Universidade Castelo Branco (RJ)
Estélio Henrique Martin Dantas
Grupo de estudos de força – LABIMH – Universidade Castelo Branco (RJ)
Gerson Gomes Cunha
LAMCE – COPPE – UFRJ (RJ)
Luiz Landau
LAMCE – COPPE – UFRJ (RJ)
Alexandre Janotta Drigo
FEF – UNICAMP
Paulo Henrique Silva Marques de Azevedo
UFSCarThis study aimed to present a survey with the reference values from 254 Brazilian male judokas hand grip
strength according to their age, weight class and performance during a State Judo Championship. Data
were collected during the weighing-in (critical moment) with a Jamal hand grip apparatus and the mass
was measured with the official federation scale. As expected, the semifinalists showed higher strength
values but such difference was not significant to suggest a tendency that maximal static strength per sishould be able to influence the tournament results, regarding their age and weight class. While comparing
ages, significant difference (p<0.05) was found through factor univariate ANOVA. Post Hoc test haveshown significant increases in strength from the pre-juvenile age judokas to juvenile and also fromjuvenile until junior age judokas. However no difference was found between junior and senior judokas.
According to these differences, three homogeneous groups were formed. Their values describe a similar
curve to those that represent the general, muscle or even mass growth. These significant gains in strength
among male judokas from 13 until 19 years old suggest that strength training should start in these ages.
Despite of the discussion presented by Maia & LOPES (2001) this seems to be a sensitive or critical
period for strength training in agreement to Russian studies (FILIN & VOLKOV, 1998). As long as
strength training plays an essential role in judokas preparation, it should be included in the training
process mainly on adolescence since the age of 13 following the guidelines of American Academy of
Pediatrics (2001). One of the mathematical models presented in this research may help to determine thestrength training loads regarding the growth process, where:
HG = 3,728957 x (mass) - 0,027506 x (mass)2 + 0,00006572 x (mass)3 - 51,318061
r= 0,73; r2= 0,53; SEE= 13,5807
Key words: Judo, growth, strength training, handgrip

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THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LONG-TERM PLAYER DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY
Darren Challis
combertonjudoclub@yahoo.com
University of BathBased on models described by Bayli (2001) the United Kingdom has implemented Long-Term Athlete
Development across 33 sports through it’s governing body for coaching; Sports Coach UK. British Judois one of the nine sports to have applied this model already. A booklet named Long-Term Player
Development was produced for coaches, parents and administrators in 2006. Now that the policies havebeen written and distributed to coaches the main challenge is the subsequent implementation of theseprinciples. The emphasis is now on a coach-led, player-orientated long-term plan. Comberton Judo Clubis one local Cambridgeshire club that is trying to apply these principles by firstly changing the structureof its lessons and then creating drills that lead players from the fundamentals stage through to train-totrain stage whilst providing the opportunity for retention at every stage. Core to this system is anapproach that allows competitive players to train alongside recreational players until the train to compete
stage when competitive players should be delivered to an institute of sport with an aptitude of technicalknowledge, physical conditioning and physical literacy. The aim of this poster is to describe how
Comberton Judo Club has implemented the long-term player development recommendations in terms oflessons learnt, future development plans, and a structure for others to follow.

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QUESTIONNAIRE-BASED ASSESSMENT OF WHY PARENTS CHOOSE JUDO AS A PRACTICE
FOR THEIR CHILDREN
Antenor Magno da Silva Neto
Mackenzie Presbyterian University
Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group
School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Pauloantena@uol.com.br
Flavio Henrique Bastos
Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group
School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
Emerson Franchini
Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group
School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
Judo has massive children participation, probably because its educational value. At this age theparticipation is mainly directed by their parents. However, few studies investigated the reasons why
parents choose judo as a practice to be conducted by their children. Thus, the objective of this study was
to identify the main reasons that affected and those that did not affect at all parents’ choice. A 26-item
questionnaire was answered by 137 parents from children aged 6-9 years-old. This questionnaire included
common reasons alleged by judo teachers on which aspects judo can be important on children’s life aswell as those frequently appearing on TV, newspapers and club’s advertisement. For each question a five
point Likert scale was used to direct parents’ choice (from “Not at all” to “extremely important”). The
most scored item was “to keep his/her health” (84.3%), followed by “to increase his/her discipline”(61.5%), “because judo practice enjoyment” (43.8%), “to improve psychological well-being” (41.7%) and“to improve coordination” (40.6%). The five aspects which had less influence on parents’ choice were:“because of TV or cinema judo appearance” (94.8%), “because of video game judo appearance” (93.8%),“to make his/her child somebody special or famous” (74.0%), “medical recommendation” (74.0%) and“to make his/her child slimmer” (70.8%). Thus, it can be concluded that parents’ choice for judo are lessinfluenced by mass media common appeal (to be special, famous and slim) or by medical
recommendation than by aspects related to better quality of life and discipline. Thus, a focus on those
aspects in the advertisement and a work directed to achieve these goals could attract more parents tochoose judo for their children.

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AUGMENTED REALITY APPLIED TO USHIRO-UKEMI VISUALIZATION
Mauro Cesar Gurgel de Alencar CarvalhoJUDÔjo – Grupos de estudos e pesquisa de JudôColégio Pedro II
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – COPPE – LAMCE
maurogurgel@gmail.com, mauro_gurgel@hotmail.com
Estélio Henrique Martin Dantas
Grupo de estudos de força – LABIMH – Universidade Castelo Branco (RJ)
Gerson Gomes Cunha
LAMCE – COPPE – UFRJ (RJ)
Luiz Landau
LAMCE – COPPE – UFRJ (RJ)
Homero da Silva Nahum Junior
Universidade Estacio de Sá
The last fifty years has promoted intense development of Sports Sciences. As time goes by, new kinds
and sources of knowledges have beeen applied to sports movement comprehension. So it´s time to present
a new link of options dealing with the cientific visualization, high performance computing, virtual reality
and Sports. This study aims to create an Augmented Reality (AR) system to promote the visualization ofdifferent media files presenting the Ushiro-Ukemi movement. For such, the following steps were done:.gif, .avi and .wrl files were created; markers were printed in different paper materials; an AR systemwere created with these media files aplied. 3D Studio Max, Photo Impact, Macromedia Director, DARTand Microsoft Word softwares and a computer with a Pentium 4 HT, computer with a G-Force 4 graphic
board, web cam, a monitor and a data show pojector were used the development of this study. The systemprovided the visualization of Ushiro-ukemi in motion. This system may be applied to any writtenmaterials like books allowing sports movement visualization flowing along with the time instead of static
images generally seen. It may be applied also during public presentations promoting interaction between asingle reader at home or during a public audition with these materials.
Key words: Judo, cientific visualization, augmented reality, Ushiro-ukemi

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Annals of the 5 International Judo Federation World Research Symposiumth
September, 12 , 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

PILOT STUDY FOR THE CREATION OF AN ANAEROBIC POWER TEST BASED ON UCHIKOMI
Paulo Henrique Silva Marques de AzevedoJUDÔjo – Grupos de estudos e pesquisa de Judô ; Universidade Federal de São Carlos
Faculdade Fênix – Anhanguera Educacional ; Faculdade Orígenes Lessa – Lençóis Paulista
paulohazevedo@yahoo.com.br
Mauro Cesar Gurgel de Alencar Carvalho
LAMCE – COPPE – UFRJ (RJ) ; LABIMH – Universidade Castelo Branco (RJ)JUDÔjo – Grupos de estudos e pesquisa de Judô ; Colégio Pedro II
Alexandre Janotta Drigo
FEF-UNICAMP ; JUDÔjo – Grupos de estudos e pesquisa de JudôVilmar Baldissera
Universidade Federal de São Carlos
Homero da Silva Nahum Junior
Universidade Estácio de Sá ; JUDÔjo – Grupos de estudos e pesquisa de Judô
Gerson Gomes Cunha
LAMCE – COPPE – UFRJ (RJ)
Luis Landau
LAMCE – COPPE – UFRJ (RJ)
Estélio Henrique Martin Dantas
LABIMH – Universidade Castelo Branco (RJ)
This study aims to create an anaerobic power test based on Uchikomi for Judo: the 40s Uchikomi Test. The sample
were comprised by 6 volunteer black belt adult male competitors, whose ages varied from 19 to 34 years, and 25,5
years in average. The used hardwares were: YS 1500, Polar watch and a chronometer SPSS 15 and BrOffice.org
Writer.
Variables
40 s run (m )Num ber of Uchi-komi in 40 s
Resting Heart Rate (run)40 s run Heart Rate (bpm)Resting Heart rate (uchi-komi)
Heart rate after 40 s of Uchi-komi (bpm )Resting lactate (run)Blood Lactate 40 s run (mMol/L)
Resting lactate (uchi-kom i)
Blood Lactate after 40 s of Uchi-komi (m Mol/L)

Range Minimum Maxim um
26
243
269
11
30
41
23
66
89
20
165
185
26
71
97
12
169
181
1,35
1,14
2,49
5
8
13
1,17
1,14
2,31
6
6
12

Mean
Std. Deviation Skewness Kurtosis
255
9,38
0,4
-0,57
34
4,2
0,95
0,16
79,33
9,69
-0,62
-1,68
176,17
7,36
-0,62
-0,64
82,67
10,63
0,31
-1,59
174,83
4,79
-0,01
-1,67
2,04
0,47
-1,83
4,02
10,65
1,61
-0,56
0,26
1,68
0,45
0,59
-1,29
8,69
2,05
0,37
0,3

TABLE 1: central tendency, variation and normality measurements

A 40 seconds running test was aplied on the first day where distance, heart rate (HR) and blood lactate (Lac) were
maesured. Two days later the 40s Uchikomi Test was aplied to the same judokas and the number of Uchikomi, theHR and Lact were measured. All variables data fell within the normality parameters and the Mauchly's test wasn't
significant (p>0,05), so ANOVA for repeated measures could be applied. The data showed significant increases in
Lac levels after the running and the Uchikomi stimuli raising from 2,04 and 1,68mMol/L to 10,65 and 8,65mMol/L,and so did the HR which was 79,3 and 82,67bpm during rest and raised to 176,17 and 174,83bpm respetively. Paired
comparisons presented no significant differences between the resting HR before the run and Uchikomi, neither for
resting Lac before run and Uchikomi, nor for HR after the run and Uchikomi, nor for Lac after run and Uchikomi. So,
both 40s run and 40s Uchikomi are valid tests for anaerobic power measurement. Through bivariate correlation
analysis, however only two significatly high correlations were found.
TABLE 2: Significant correlations
Pearson r
p (2-tailed)
Pearson r
p (2-tailed)

40 s run (m) X Heart Rate after 40 s of Uchikomi (bpm)
0,93
0,008
40 s run Heart Rate (bpm) X Number of Uchikomi in 40 s
0,87
0,025

These correlations show that correspondence between these and some other variables may be found in a larger
sample. The validity of an anaerobic power test per si impose an significant incresase the blood lacate levels andheart rate as the proposed 40s Uchikomi Test and 40s run test did.
Key-words: Judo, blood lactate, heart rate, anaerobic power, testing, Uchikomi

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Annals of the 5 International Judo Federation World Research Symposiumth
September, 12 , 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

TAI OTOSHI CHECKLISTS’ RELIABILITY
Jaqueline Freitas de Oliveira Neiva
University of São Paulogomes@usp.br
Fábio Rodrigo Ferreira Gomes
Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group
School of Physical Education and Sport
University of São Paulo
Wagner Kenji Shimoda
University of São Paulo
Go Tani
University of São Paulo
Cássio de Miranda Meira Jr
University of São Paulo
There are no reliable tests to evaluate the quality of the throwing techniques on current Judo research. The
purpose of this work was to measure the reliability of two tai otoshi checklists. The first checklist was
based on the global configuration of the tai otoshi, focusing two phases: kuzushi and tsukuri (4 points
each - poor, regular, good and excellent) The second checklist specifically assessed the kuzushi of the tai
otoshi, considering two “yes or no” items: motor task and effect. Three experienced Judo experts
analyzed a block of 9 filmed movement patterns twice, with a one-week interval. The reliability was
expressed by the intraclass correlation, ranging from 0.00 to 1.00. The closer the coefficient is to 1.00, theless error variance it reflects and the more the true score is assessed. The intertester reliability(considering the mean value of both the first and the second “one-week after” analyses) was 0.94. As tothe coefficient related to the same expert on both analyses (intratester reliability), the mean correlation
value was 0.89. Concerning the second checklist (kuzushi), we use the intertester agreement (% ofagreement) to estimate reliability among experts. Intertester reliability values - considering the value ofboth the first and the second analysis - were 0.78 (motor task) and 0.67 (effect). Nevertheless, theintratester reliability values - considering the mean value of both the first and the second analyses were0.93 (motor task) and 0,93 (effect). The results indicated that the checklists can be used as reliable
research tools to assess movement patterns of the tai otoshi technique.

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Annals of the 5 International Judo Federation World Research Symposiumth
September, 12 , 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

PHYSICAL PREPARATION OF TWO HIGH PERFORMANCE JUDO ATHLETES, A CASE STUDY
Felipe Leal de Paiva CarvalhoJUDÔjo – Grupos de estudos e pesquisa de Judôflpcarvalho@gmail.com
Estélio Henrique Martin Dantas
LABIMH – Universidade Castelo Branco (RJ)
José Fernandes Filho
LABIMH – Universidade Castelo Branco
Mauro Cesar Gurgel de Alencar Carvalho
LAMCE – COPPE – UFRJ (RJ)
LABIMH – Universidade Castelo Branco
Colégio Pedro II
Thiago Takara
Confederação Brasileira de Judo
INSTITUTO VITA/SP
Filipe Terada
Associação de Judo Vila Sônia
UNIBAN/SP
The purpose of this study was to show the training process adopted for two judo athletes from São Paulo(Brazil), between august and December of 2001 and the results. The planning was adapted to thecalendar, the judo needs and the objectives of the athletes. The macrocycle was divided in four phases andhad the peak at the opportune moment. Exercises had been adapted to the trainings specify of judo. Main
results: a) victories in the main regional and national tournaments; b) improvement of the maximum
strength c) reduction of the percentage of corporal fat; d) maintenance of the weight in the maximum
limit of the category.
Uniterms: Judo, Training, Planning.

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Annals of the 5 International Judo Federation World Research Symposiumth
September, 12 , 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT MUSCLE ACTIONS ON SPECIAL JUDO FITNESS TESTPERFORMANCE
Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio
fabricio_boscolo@uol.com.br
Physical Education College, University of Campinas
Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group
School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo.
Bianca Miarka
Statal University of Londrina
Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group
School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
Emerson Franchini
Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group
School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São PauloPost-activation potentiation (PAP) is a training strategy used to improve sport performance in subsequent
strength loads. On the other hand, stretching exercises (proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, PNF)
has been pointed out as detrimental to exercise performance, especially in less complex tasks. However,few studies investigated these aspects (PAP and stretching) on judo specific setting. Thus, the objective of
the present study was to verify the effects of different training loads on the Special Judo Fitness Test
(SJFT) performance. Seven junior and senior male judo athletes took part in this study. They had a statecompetition level and the following characteristics: 19.14±1.21 years; 60.7±5.3kg of weight and168.7±5.7cm of stature. They were submitted to a squat one repetition maximum (1RM) and to a SJFT
and to five non consecutive experimental sessions, determined at random, plus a SJFT: i) 15-min warmup (WU); ii) one 45-s of PNF; iii) 3x10 repetitions of 20, 40 and 60cm depth jumps (plyometrics; PLY),
respectively; iv) 5 sets of 1 squat repetition at 95% 1RM, with 2min interval among them (MS); v) 3 setsof 2 squat repetitions at 90% 1RM followed by 5 horizontal jumps, with 2min interval among them (CM).
The comparison among experimental conditions was done through a two-way ANOVA, followed by aBonferroni test as a post-hoc. During the SJFT first block (15-s), the number of throws after PLY(6.42±0.53) and MS (6.28±0.48) were higher (p<0.05) than after CM (5.71±0.48), WU (5.85±0.37) andPNF (5.85±0.37). On subsequent SJFT blocks there was no difference among the procedures used. Heartrate (bpm) 1-min after the SJFT was lower (p<0.05) in the CM compared to the others. However, nodifference on the SJFT index was identified. Thus, it can be concluded that PLY and MS is useful toimprove anaerobic performance in a judo specific setting.

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Annals of the 5 International Judo Federation World Research Symposiumth
September, 12 , 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMPETITION VOLUME AND OLYMPIC QUALIFICATION. A
STUDY OF THREE PLAYERS FROM PINEWOOD JUDO CLUB, UK
Matthew Divall
matt.divall@ntlworld.com
University of BathThis report investigates whether using competition results of up and coming judoka can predict future
Olympic competitors, using past Olympians as comparators. Competition results of Pinewood Judoka
over a five year period have been collected and analysed to identify those players who are consistently
winning medals. This data has then been compared to total scores from medals won by Fairbrother(Barcelona 1992 and Atlanta 1996), Roberts (Sydney 2000) and Singleton (Athens 2004) in the 4 years
prior to each Olympics in order to investigate the relationship between competition volume and successand Olympic qualification. An outcome of the research is to predict whether it is possible for Pinewood
Judo Club to produce another Olympian. This report aims to conclude that competition can be used inplace of ‘quality randori’ in preparation for major events. The research advocates the use of competition
experience a major contributor to success at High Performance level.

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Annals of the 5 International Judo Federation World Research Symposiumth
September, 12 , 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

FITNESS LEVEL OF MALE COMPETITIVE JUDO PLAYERS
Miodrag Drapšin
patrick@eunet.yu
Faculty Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Patrik Drid
Faculty of Sport and Physical education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Nikola Grujić
Faculty Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Tatjana Trivić
Faculty of Sport and Physical education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia

Our study aimed to determine fitness level of 28 male competitive level Judo players from Serbia. Judo is
the sport in wich movements are powerfull, delivered in short period of time, and usually against the forceof the opponent. Concequently main energy sources are high energy phosphates and glicolitic pathway.
According to this we decided to evaluate fitness level of judo players by measuring muscular strengthand anaerobic capacity. Theese were determined using dynamometar machine and standard Wingate(WAnT) testing protocol. Muscle strength of upper and lower limbs show increasing values throughout
the weight categories (arm strength flexion 78±4.4 kg; arm extension 76.6±5.1; leg strength extension
168.3±15.9kg), but in relative numbers (m.strength/body wight) middle categories show the greatest
numbers. WAnT results (peak power 786.3±74.4 W; mean power 644.2±39.8 W; fatigue index 38.2±6.6%) among the categories are aimilar as findings of muscle strength, and highest relative values aremeasured in -73kg and -81kg and -90kg. According to the similar test results of medal winners fromWorld and European Championships it is neccessary to furter improve fitness level of our athletes.
Key words: strength, anaerobic capacity, Wingate test

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Annals of the 5 International Judo Federation World Research Symposiumth
September, 12 , 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

THIGH MUSCLES MUSCLES FLEXTION/EXTENSION RATIO IN ELITE JUDO PLAYERS
Patrik Dridpatrick@eunet.yu
Faculty of Sport and Physical education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Miodrag Drapšin
Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Tatjana Trivić
Faculty of Sport and Physical education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Milovan Bratić
Faculty of Physical Culture, University of Niš, Serbia
Slavko Obadov
Faculty of Sport and Physical education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia

Our research was conducted among 28 competitive Judo players (13 female and 15 male), Female teamwon 3rd and male team 5th place on European team Championship in 2006. The goal was to evaluate
strength of thigh muscles, concerning flextion/extension ratio. We propose that it is neccessary to
determine wether there is disbalance among two groups of muscles, which could interfear with techniquedelivery and increase the injury risk. Isokinetic strength testing revealed the difference between left andright leg extensors, measuring 4.5 %. Average difference between left and right leg extensors was 9.9 %.
The analysis showed statistically significant differences. The authors suggest that the mentioned
differences should be corrected in order to achieve best possible performance. Balance plate training is
proposed for such corrections.
Key words: disbalance, muscle strength, female, male.

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Annals of the 5 International Judo Federation World Research Symposiumth
September, 12 , 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

CONTEXT OF PRACTICE IN THE ACQUISITION OF THE TAI OTOSHI
Fábio Rodrigo Ferreira Gomes
gomes@usp.br
Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group
School of Physical Education and Sport
University of São Paulo
Cássio de Miranda Meira Jr.
University of São Paulo
Wagner Kenji Shimoda
University of São Paulo
Jaqueline Freitas de Oliveira Neiva
University of São Paulo
Go Tani
University of São Paulo
This study investigated learning the kuzushi of the technique tai otoshi in different contexts of practice. 3
conditions were compared: a) static “traditional” group (STG); b) in motion “traditional” group (MTG);
and c) with specific displacement to the kuzushi group, projecting the uke in all 160 trials (SDUG). STG
and MTG projected the uke every 10th trial. 32 children were assigned to 3 experimental groups. The
design was composed of 4 phases: 1) pre-test (3 trials); 2) acquisition (160 trials); 3) post-test (3 trials);
and 4) retention (3 trials). With a video camera, we analyzed the data of the phases 1, 3, and 4. A global
configuration checklist of the technique was designed and used: movements of kuzushi and tsukuri wereconsidered – each component was evaluated from 1 to 4 points. Another checklist was used to analyze thekuzushi separately. It was formed by: 1) motor-task (movement performed by tori to unbalance the uke);and 2) effect (position of uke’s body as a consequence of the motor-task of the tori). Each item wasevaluated as performed (one point) and not-performed (zero). Intra-group results of both checklists(except the component effect of the kuzushi checklist) showed significant superior scores on the post-test
and retention compared to the pre-test for all groups, which is a evidence of learning. Considering thecomponent effect of the kuzushi checklist, compared to the pre-test: a) the SDUG showed superior
performance on post-test and retention; and b) MTG had higher performance on post-test. Inter-group
analysis indicated better performance of the SDUG on post-test and retention (global configuration). No
differences were found among groups in the “motor task” component; however, in the “effect”
component, the SDUG showed superior scores when compared to the STG on post-test and retention, andto the MTG on retention. It can be concluded that: 1) learning the tai otoshi in a similar context of fight
optimizes the acquisition of the uke’s unbalance, and 2) more than leading to learn the effect of the
kuzushi, the traditional practice only allows learning the movement pattern of it.

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Annals of the 5 International Judo Federation World Research Symposiumth
September, 12 , 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

STATE LEVEL JUDO COMPETITION RESULTS: A 7-YEAR FOLLOW-UP
Emerson Franchini
franchini@hotmail.com
Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group
School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
Ursula Ferreira Julio
Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group
School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
Carlos Henrique de C. Rebelo
Ibirapuera University
Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group
School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
Danusa ShiraUni FMU
Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group
School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
Thiago Rodrigues
Uni FMU
Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group
School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
Although criticized on specific literature, children competition is quite common in judo. The mainargument held by some teachers is that the results on earlier ages could be important for performance
when adult. However, few studies focused on the performance maintenance in judo competition. Thus,
the objective of the present study was to verify the result maintenance on a State level judo competition.
Judo athletes classified on this competition in 1999 was followed during the next 7 years (1999-2006) inorder to verify the percentage of medal winners in this first year which still get medals on the next years’competitions. Both male and female athletes from different age groups were analyzed (9-10 years; 11-12
years; 13-14 years; 15-16 years; 17-19 years and 20 or more years). The data were obtained from theofficial website of the São Paulo State Judo Federation. As the whole data was used, only descriptive
statistics (mean and standard deviation) was employed. The main results were: Males – 9-10:19.2±10.6%; 11-12: 20.7±13.9%; 13-14: 17.2±8.6%; 15-16: 15.2±11.6%; 17-19: 17.9±12.7%; 20 or
more: 25.9±8.4%; Females - 9-10: 33.6±18.0%; 11-12: 33.0±13.4%; 13-14: 33.4±13.3%; 15-16:17.0±12.6%; 17-19: 17.9±8.8%; 20 or more: 21.0±11.5%. Males had a lower mean percentage of
maintenance (19.3±3.7%) than females (26.0±8.2%) when all ages and years were considered. In the 7thyear of follow up, neither group had more than 12.5% (males; 20 years or more) or 29.0% (females 11-12
years) of maintenance. Thus, it can be concluded that only one among five or four medal winners
continues to classify in State level tournament for males and females, respectively. Considering that manyother children may quit judo after being defeated in a tournament, we consider that judo competitions onthese earlier ages (9-12 years) should not be the main focus of judo practice.

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Annals of the 5 International Judo Federation World Research Symposiumth
September, 12 , 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

COMPETITION ANALYSIS
Hans-Dieter Heinischheinisch@iat-uni.leipzig.de
IAT Leipzig e.V./Germany
Roland Oswald
ABSTRACT NOT RECEIVED BY EDITORS

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Annals of the 5 International Judo Federation World Research Symposiumth
September, 12 , 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

FEATURES OF THE TECHNICAL-TACTICAL PERFORMANCE CAPACITY OF THE WORLD’STOP JUDOKA
Hans-Dieter Heinischheinisch@iat-uni.leipzig.de
IAT Leipzig e.V./Germany
Roland Oswald
IAT Leipzig e.V./Germany

While in other sports performances, e. g. times, distances, or weights, can be directly measured, in judo,
the target aspects of high performance training are derived from combat behaviour and parameters of theworld’s top athletes’ technical-tactical performance capacity. Because of them, competition analysis as acomplex method of performance diagnostics, targeted to gathering, processing, interpretation and analysis
of information on sports competitions, is more and more becoming the dominant method of diagnostics.
Target/method: By means of computer-assisted competition analyses of major international events
between 2000 and 2006 (world championships, Olympic Games, junior world championships), current
tendencies of combat behaviour (strategies, style of fighting, activity), of technical repertoire, of
efficiency of actions, and of technical versatility of international top athletes are presented. The different
results for men and women will be shown and generalized for the purpose of a profile of requirements forhigh performance and follow-up training (juniors). Results: The current combat behaviour of the world’s
top athletes is characterized by two basic styles: the technically skilled Asian style, and the unorthodox,
powerful “East European” style. The basis of winning performances in judo - from the point of view ofattack behaviour – is mostly a higher activity compared with the opponents, as well as a high technicaltactical mastery (better values of efficiency in attack and defence). In spite of growing specialization inhigh performance sports, athletes attacking their opponents with more technical versatility prevail.

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Annals of the 5 International Judo Federation World Research Symposiumth
September, 12 , 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

ARE JUNIOR MEDALISTS ABLE TO RETAIN THEIR PERFORMANCE ON SENIOR YEARS?
Ursula Ferreira Julio
ur_sulinha@yahoo.com.br
Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group
School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
Carlos Henrique de C. Rebelo
Ibirapuera University
Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group
School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
Emerson Franchini
Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group
School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
Recently, Gauthier (2006) showed that Junior World medalists were able to get medals on Senior WorldChampionship. Most of the athletes achieved the first senior podium after one to five years. The time
taken to win the first medal on Senior was five years for males (16%) and four years for females (16%).
However, no information was found on this aspect in lower level tournament. Thus, the objectives of thepresent study were to verify how much time the athletes took until the first senior podium, as well as thejunior champions took to achieve the first place on senior age. Two-hundred twenty-four male and 224
female judo players who classified on a State level championship (1999 to 2006) were considered. Fromthese only 17.9% of the males and 21.0% of the females classified on senior championship, which ishigher than reported among World Junior and Senior’s medalists (Gauthier, 2006). From these athletes(males and females, respectively) who classified on senior championships, 42 and 47% classified in the
1st year, 22 and 17% in the 2nd year, 22 and 26% in the 3rd year, 10 and 8% in the 4th year, 2 and 0% in
the 5th year and 2 and 2% in the 6th year. When considering Junior’s first placers, only 16% for males
and 14% for females were champions in the senior. In the male group, 45% repeated it after one year,
22% after two, 22% after three and 11% after six years. For the female group, 25% did it on the 1st year,
63% in the 2nd and 12% in the 4th year. Thus, only 1/5 of the junior medalists are able to retain theirresults on senior competition, indicating that athletes not classified on junior competition still have chance
to become a successful athlete.

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Annals of the 5 International Judo Federation World Research Symposiumth
September, 12 , 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

REINFORCEMENT OF PHYSICAL STRENGTH AND JUDO TRAINING AT RITSUMEIKANUNIVERSITY JUDO CLUB (NO. 2)
Shun Kasuga
Ritsumeijan University
kshun21@msn.com, a-tagu-a@st.ritsumei.ac.jp

At the 4th IJF Judo Research Symposium in Cairo, 2005, we presented about Reinforcement of PhysicalStrength and Judo Training at Ritsumeikan University Judo Club. This is a second report to introduce theresults and our approach at Ritsumeikan’s Judo reinforcement program in recent two years, 2005 and2006. In fact, we made our best results ever at the national competition in 2006, but, on the other hand,some of our athletes didn’t do well in their schoolwork and that is not acceptable since the compatibility
between study and Judo is our motto. From now on, since Jigoro Kano was a great educator, we willcontinuously studying what is necessary for farther reinforcement of our athletes while pursuit Jigoro
Kano’s thought and ideal of Judo.

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Annals of the 5 International Judo Federation World Research Symposiumth
September, 12 , 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

TIME STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITIES PERFORMED DURING A JUDO MATCH
Giovani Marcon
São Paulo Federal University
Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group
School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulogiovanimarcon@yahoo.com.br
Emerson Franchini
Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group
School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
Douglas Eduardo de Brito Vieira
Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group
School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
Turíbio Leite de Barros NetoSão Paulo Federal University
The format of international judo competition is one continuous 5-min period, which can be complemented
by an extra time until one athlete scores or until the end of the new 5-min period. During the timeallowed, there are many interruptions and the typical time structure is 30s of activity with a 10s interval(Castarlenas and Planas, 1997; Sikorski et al., 1987). However, no study has investigated these specificactivities performed and their time structure during the action period. It is usually accepted that with thisknowledge we can improve the training process. Thus, the objectives of this study were: (1) to determine
the time structure of a judo combat; (2) to verify the time spent on preparation, kumi-kata, techniqueapplication and ne-waza and (3) to verify if there is any difference among three consecutive matches. Ten
male adult judo athletes were investigated in three consecutive matches. Comparisons were done throughan ANOVA with repeated measurements. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation and inpercent of total time for each sequence (time between hajime and matte; for the interval it was considered
the time between matte and hajime): Combat 1 - Preparation: 4±1s (12±4%); Kumi-kata: 16±5s(49±15%); Technique: 1.4±0.3s (4±1%); Ne-waza: 6±4s (7±5%); Interval: 7±1s (19±3%); Combat 2 Preparation: 4±2s (13±7%); Kumi-kata: 18±3s (56±9%); Technique: 1.0±0.4s (3±1%); Ne-waza: 4±2s
(4±2%); Interval: 6±2s (16±6%); Combat 3 - Preparation: 4±1s (13±3%); Kumi-kata: 17±3s (49±10%);
Technique: 1.7±0.5s (5±2%); Ne-waza: 5±2s (5±1%); Interval: 7±1 (19±3%). No difference was foundamong the three fights. The typical match has 11 sequences, with four ne-waza periods. Our results showa shorter mean interval time with a similar action time (27s) compared to previous studies. Kumi-kataseems to be an important and decisive factor in competitive judo as most of the time is spent on it.

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Annals of the 5 International Judo Federation World Research Symposiumth
September, 12 , 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

CULTURE AND ORGANIZATIONAL MODEL OF THE JUDO FEDERATION OF THE RIO DE
JANEIRO STATE (FJERJ)
Leandro Mazzei
Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group
School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
University of Porto of Portugal (College of Sport)
University Bandeirantes of São Paulo
University Cruzeiro do Sul of São Paulolemazzei78@yahoo.com.br

Sport is one of the main social phenomena and one of the biggest institutions of the planet (Garcia, 2002
and Rubio, 2002). According to Pires and Sarmento (2001), there is in the world of Sport an
epistemological space of intervention whose professional expression is related to the practical
Management and Organization of Sport activities. In this environment of systematization of theManagement theories and practices in the world of Sport, there are the concepts of Organizational Culture
and Structure, which are present in the most various organizational studies of the contemporary world(Schein, 1985 and Mintzberg, 1999). Through a qualitative methodology, it was the purpose of this study
to provide a better knowledge of the organizational paradoxes related to the Sport Management. Our
proposal was to identify the features of the Organizational Culture and Structural model applied in the
Judo Federation of the Rio de Janeiro State. The analyses had left first, of a theory framing on the related
subjects, and later the content analysis of official documents of the FJERJ and interviews made withmembers of the organization. Second Vala (1986) the content analysis is based on the elementary
operation to define categories, with the objective to simplify to harness the possible apprehension and if
the explanation. The categories and sub-categories definite and identified in this study had been:
A=Organizational Culture (A1-Nature of the Organization/Identity, A2-History, A3-Values)
B=Management/Structure (B1-Model, B2-Mission, B3-Human Resources). The Organizational Culture
as well as the Structural model has shown that each Organization or Sport Management has its particularfeatures. These considerations have shown a paradox within the management of the FJERJ. The FJERJ
should also fight for the maintaining of the traditional values related to the modality of which it is
responsible and simultaneously to adapt it the requirements related with the Sport Management.

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF A VIDEO ANALYSIS CODE FOR PERFORMANCE JUDO: UTILISING
THE KNOWLDEGE CONSTRUCT OF WORLD CLASS
Katrina McDonald
ed3km@bath.ac.uk
University of BathThe purpose of this qualitative study is to utilise coaches’ knowledge through their experiences andexpertise, and together with the developing technological era produce a tool that will aid the analysis ofjudo. Four expert subjects were chosen due to their superior backgrounds and were interviewed using theopen interviewing method. The data collected was then transcribed and categorised, and from theinformation gained a code was constructed, which will be used alongside video to analyse judo contests,
in conjunction with what coaches require. The video analysis code has the potential to identify strengths
and weaknesses of a player, thus has the infinite vision to push judo to a completely new competitive
level.
Key words: Judo; Video Analysis; Coaches knowledge; Coaches expertise; Coaches experience.

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L’APTITUDE AEROBIE CHEZ LES JUDOKAS TUNISIENSMohamed Hosni,1.
hosnimohd@yahoo.com
Tecnical director of Qatar Judo Federation
C. Ben Hassen.1.
Z. Bartagi. 2.
M .Kachouri. 1.
A .et Snoussi. 3.
Professeur a’ l’Institut supérieur des sciences du sport et des activités physiques
Directeur General du centre National de la médecine et des sciences du sport
Directeur technique a la F. T. J
Résumé
Le profil multidimensionnel du judoka de haut niveau est envisagé dans le but d’aider l’entraîneur à bien
identifier et sélectionner ses sportifs d’une part et établir un programme judicieux lui permettant de lesfaire progresser jusqu’à accéder à un niveau international.
Le judo est un sport à exigences multiples
dont l’endurance et la résistance. Oui, l’endurance qui permet des adaptations cardio-vasculaires
multiples et bénéfiques à toutes les disciplines. Parmi ces adaptations on peut citer : les dimensions ducœur, le volume d’éjection systolique, la fréquence cardiaque, le débit cardiaque, le débit sanguin, lapression sanguine, la fourniture et le transport d’oxygène, etc. Comme la consommation maximaled’oxygène (VO2max.) est considérée par la plupart des physiologistes de l’exercice comme le meilleur
indicateur de l’aptitude aérobie cardio-respiratoire, nous avons essayé de faire un « feed-back » se basantprincipalement sur ce paramètre afin de se situer par rapport à soi et par rapport à autrui. Dans cetteoptique, nous avons essayé d’établir une étude comparative de la capacité aérobie qui est fondamentalemême en judo plutôt connu comme un sport à dominance anaérobie lactique (résistance). Donc, nous
avons confronté: Les données tunisiennes entre-elles pour les judokas féminins et masculins. Les donnéestunisiennes à quelques données étrangères. Un tel travail nous a pour fort important et indispensable dumoment où la Tunisie a accueilli deux échéances de grande envergure à savoir le championnat du monde
juniors à l’an 2000 et les jeux méditerranéens de 2001. D’autant plus que l’objectif n’est plus laparticipation pour une simple figuration, mais plutôt pour se rapprocher d’année en année vers le podium.
Pour atteindre cet objectif et pour pouvoir réaliser des performances honorables, il faut des sportifs qui
disposent des caractéristiques modèles des sportifs de haut niveau en commençant par une capacité
aérobie satisfaisante.
Mots clés : Capacité aérobie, VO2max., haut niveau, judo
Introduction
Il est admis que le judo, sport de l’opposition acharnée, de moyenne durée (5 min.), repris 5 à 6fois au cours d’une journée de compétition comporte des périodes d’attaque répétitives de haute intensité.
Ces dernières sont alternées par des phases d’accalmie dont les durées varient respectivement entre 10 et
20 sec. Ces efforts inscrits dans le domaine anaérobie se traduisent par une lactatémie relativement élevée(10 à 25 mmol/l). Cet état physiologique contraignant ne peut évidemment être maintenu indéfiniment. Il
exige ainsi l’intervention de certains mécanismes d’adaptation nécessaires au rétablissement de certaines
conditions métaboliques énergétiques indispensables à la contraction musculaire (ATP, CP,
Glycogène,…).
Dans ce contexte, le registre aérobie revêt une importance capitale durant et après l’oppositionet même entre les séances d’entraînement. Conçu dans un cycle formation ou de préparation, un fondaérobie constitue une base physiologique favorable d’entraînement tant en volume qu’en intensité recquis
pour le développement des autres qualités physiques.
Compte tenu de l’intérêt accordé à ce facteur, nous avons dans cette présente étude, essayer à
travers l’évaluation par la méthode directe et indirecte, mais aussi l’exploitation des valeurs de VO2max
nationales et internationales d’élucider l’intérêt croissant attribué à ce paramètre, son évolution et par la

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September, 12 , 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazilmême occasion, situer le profil aérobie de nos judokas en les comparant à d’autres équipes performantes(France, Japon, …).
Population d’étude
L’évaluation de l’aptitude aérobie réalisée entre 1991 et 2000, a porté sur différents groupes dejudokas tunisiens ( juniors et seniors des deux sexes). Dans le cadre de la comparaison, nous avons utilisédes données étrangères.
Protocoles
Les données faisant l’objet d’étude sont recueillies à partir d’épreuves progressives maximalesde laboratoire (VO2max. par méthode directe) et d’autres de terrain (Léger & Boucher 1980 et Léger &Mercier 1983).
Statistiques
Ne disposant que de certaines valeurs moyennées chez les équipes étrangères et n’ayant pas nonplus assuré un échantillonnage adéquat par rapport à la catégorie de poids, notre travail s’est juste limité à
une comparaison entre les moyennes des VO2max. Par ailleurs, et hormis l’existence des valeurs
individuelles trouvées, nous n’avons pas procédé à la recherche des différences statistiques entre lescatégories d’âge étant donné que ces valeurs sont déterminées par moyen directe mais aussi estimées àtravers des tests de terrain.
Analyse des résultats
La figure 1 montre chez les garçons de l’année 1991 à 1999, une moyenne de VO2max. passantde 51.43 ± 4.87 ml/kg/min. (juniors et seniors) à 55.44 ± 6.45 ml/kg/min. (juniors seulement). Cetteévolution traduit peut être une meilleure gestion de la charge de l’entraînement pour un travail aérobie,
soutenue probablement par une fréquence d’entraînement plus importante, ou tout simplement que lanouvelle recrue dispose initialement d’une bonne aptitude aérobie et d’une bonne composition corporelle(% de masse grasse faible au profit de la masse maigre).

Cependant, la valeur de VO2max. chez les judokas tunisiens seniors en 1996 n’est que de 48.54± 11.91 ml/kg/min., cette donnée est relativement faible par rapport à celle des juniors de 1999, mais elle
constitue une évolution peut être bien cohérente étant donné les effets chroniques concomitants audéveloppement des filières anaérobie alactique et lactique recherché chez les judokas élites (groupe
Atlanta 96) afin de répondre aux conditions physiologiques de compétition. Ces valeurs demeurent
cohérentes avec celles des judokas Russes ( Hosni 1984, Hosni 1996), japonais (Kumagai et coll. 1988)
et ceux qui ont participé aux Jeux Olympiques (Ebine et coll.1991). Ces judokas avaient respectivement

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des moyennes de VO2max de 44.1 et 45.9 ml/kg/min. Ces valeurs anciennes datant en moyenne depuis
1988 dénotent éventuellement un manque de travail dans ce registre physiologique. En effet, selon
Neumann (1988), les normes respectives à cette période se situaient entre 50 et 55 ml/kg/min. pour les
judokas filles et entre 55 et 60 ml/kg/min. pour les judokas garçons.

De même, des travaux de Majean et Gaillat (1986), Feki et coll. (1994), Brikci (1991) et Callisteret coll. (1991) montrent des valeurs les plus élevées allant de 51.43 ml/kg/min. chez les tunisiens jusqu’à
67,5 ml/kg/min. chez les judokas juniors français de section sport - étude. Les algériens et les américains
ont respectivement des VO2max. de 59.6 et 55.6 ml/kg/min.
Il est rassurant de voir que certains de nos juniors garçons testés sur terrain en 1999, présentent
des VO2max. de l’ordre de 65.63 ml/kg/min., c’est à dire légèrement inférieures à celles des juniors
français (67.5 ml/kg/min.)

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Les moyennes de VO2max. obtenues en 1999 chez les filles tunisiennes juniors (45.9ml/kg/min.), malgré qu’elles soient supérieures à celles des patriotes seniors appartenant à l’élite de 1996
(41.4 ml/kg/min.) et aux japonaises (Ebine et coll. 1991 ayant participé aux Jeux Olympiques (42.1
ml/kg/min.), demeurent insuffisantes pour atteindre des bonnes performances.

Conclusion
Ce travail portant sur l’étude de l’endurance en judo a permis de situer et de suivre l’évolution duniveau de développement de cette qualité chez nos élites nationales juniors et seniors, filles et garçons etde le comparer à celui de certaines équipes étrangères.
Malgré que cette qualité ne soit de manière directe déterminante de la performance, elle reste
toutefois et compte tenu de l’aspect intermittent de cette discipline nécessaire, ne serait ce que dans lecadre de l’amélioration des processus de récupération suite à des efforts répétés de haute intensité réalisés
pendant les combats.
Bibliographie
Brikci A. Profile physiologique des athletes de haut niveau. Medicine du sport T.65 – 1991 No4
Bisschop C. de , D. Darot, A. Ferry. Aptitude physique de jeunes adultes sportifs. Science & Sports,
1998 – vol.13 ; n°6 – p 265
Callister R. Et Coll : Physiological characteristics of Elite judo Athletes. Inter journal sport mediine. Vol
12 No 2 pp-196, 1991
Ebine K et Coll : Physiological Characteristics of Exercise and findings of labortary tests in japaneses
Elite judo Athletes. Medicine du Sport – T. 65 – No.2- 1991
Feki,Y. M. Hosni, A. Snoussi. Evaluation des capacités motrices chez les judokas tunisiens. Education
Physique & Sport, 1994, n° spécial – ISSEP Ksar SaïdHosni Mohamed : Caracteristique physiologique de differents regimes du travail intermittent cyclique.
These de Doctorat.(Ph. D) Institut Central de Culture physique de MOSCOU. MOSCOU 1984
Hosni Mohamed : Bioenergetque du travail musculaire intermittent et efficacite de l’ entrainement sportif
par intervalles. These de doctorat d’ Et at. Academie Russe de l’ e education physique. Moscou 1996.

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Jousselin E. et P. Legros « Exploration du métabolisme énergétique chez les sportifs de haut niveau.
Métabolisme aérobie : résultats par sport ».Collection Médecine et Sport – INSEP publications, 1990.
Leger L. Boucher R. An in direct continuos running multistage fiel test : the universite de mont real track
test Lan. J. Appli, scien. 5, 77-84, 1980.
Laiche. R, M. Toraa, F. Friemel. Evaluation de VO2max et de VMA en laboratoire et sur le terrain.
Science & Sports, 1996 – vol.11 ; n°2 – p 91
Majean. H. Et Gallat. L : Etude de l’acide lactique sanguin chez les jodokas en fontion des methods
d’entrainement. MEDISPOR T. 60 – 1986 NO 4 PP. 198- 203.
Thomas, ph. C. Beau, J.P. Brandet. Evaluation des capacités motrices chez les judokas. Médecine dusport, 1989 – T 63 – n°6
Willmore & Costill. Physiologie du sport et de l’exercice physique. Edition De Boeck Université, 1998 –p 144 – 236

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APLICACIÓN DE DIFERENTES MÉTODOS DE ENTRENAMIENTO CONCURRENTE PARAMEJORAR EL RENDIMIENTO DEL JUDOKA
Raquel Escobar Molina
rescobar@ugr.es
Departamento de Educación Física. Universidad de Granada (España).
Emerson Franchini
Departamento de Pedagogía del Movimiento Humano.
Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group
Escuela de Educación Física y Deportes. Universidad de São Paulo (Brasil).
Paulino Padial Puche
Departamento de Educación Física y Deportiva. Universidad de Granada (España).
Maria Belén Feriche Fernández-Castanys
Departamento de Educación Física y Deportiva. Universidad de Granada (España).
Ignacio Jesús Chirosa Ríos
Departamento de Educación Física y Deportiva. Universidad de Granada (España).
Maria Teresa Miranda León
Departamento de Educación Física y Deportiva. Universidad de Granada (España).
El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar el efecto de distintas metodologías de entrenamiento concurrente(EC) de fuerza y de resistencia sobre el rendimiento en Judo. Para ello, se han establecido tres grupos
mediante un diseño cuasi-experimental, siguiendo un muestreo aleatorio no probabilístico accidental. Los
colaboradores han sido estudiantes de educación física (19-22 años y cierta experiencia en la modalidad),a los cuales, se les ha aplicado un tipo de acondicionamiento (17 semanas). Un grupo trabajó sólo lafuerza (F=8); otro entrenó la resistencia aeróbica (5 x 4 estaciones con técnicas de judo a la intensidad delumbral aeróbico; 1min25s en cada una y recuperando 3min), seguida de un trabajo de fuerza explosiva yresistencia de fuerza (FR2=8)], con seis horas entre ambas sesiones; el último grupo (FR1=7) ejecutó elmismo que el grupo FR2, aunque en una misma sesión. Dicho trabajo se evaluó mediante un test
incremental en tapiz, otro más de fuerza para establecer la RM y el Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT). Los
resultados mostraron que para el VO2máx se consiguieron mejoras para los grupos FR1 (P=0.001) y FR2(P=0.009). En el caso de la FDM en el ejercicio de remo, todos los grupos lograron mejoras (F: P=0.001;
FR2: P = 0.01; FR1: P=0.04), ocurriendo lo mismo en el press de banca (F: P=0.001; FR2: P=0.001; FR1:
P=0.002) y en prensa atlética (F: P=0.001; FR2: P=0.001; FR1: P=0.002). Finalizado el entrenamiento (4semanas) se produjo una ligera, pero no significativa, regresión en los resultados. Para índice del SJFT,
no se produjo una mejora en ninguno de los grupos. Por tanto, el EC aplicado, tanto en dos sesiones comoen una, consiguió incrementar ambas cualidades en los testes non específicos (la fuerza y resistencia
mejoraron, pero no se reflejó en el SJFT) sin producir interferencias entre ambas.

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THE STRENGTH AND POWER IN JUDO – CHARACTERISTICS MALE AND FEMALE
Luis Fernandes Monteiroluis.monteiro@fpj.pt
Universidad Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias. Lisboa. Portugal
José Manuel García García
Universidad de Castilla La Mancha. España
Vicent Carratala
Universidad de Valencia - España
The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics of the strength and power and the explosive resistance inmale and female judokas. Twenty two men and woman judokas of Portuguese team (mean and sd body mass,
M=76,3 ±0,03 and F=55 ± 8,2; age, M=22,3±1,8 and F=21,6 ±2,6; fat, 9,98 ±2,2 and 16,9 ± 3,1). The power-load
relationships of the arm extensor muscles were tested in a brench-press position using progressive relative loads till
100% 1RM, for the leg extensor muscles we use de Squat Jump (SJ), Countermovement Jump (CMJ) with
progressive relative loads. For the Resistance Explosive Strength for the arms we used the load of the power (Watts)
and finished were the athletes performed -20%. For the Resistance Explosive Strength for the legs we used the
Repeated Jump (RJ). During the upper extremity test actions, bar displacement, average velocity (metres per second)and mean power (watts) were recorded by linking a rotary encoder to the end part of the bar. The rotary encoder
recorded the position and direction of the bar. The rotary encoder recorded the position and direction of the bar within
an accuracy of 0.0002 m. Customized software (JLML I+D, Madrid, Spain) was used to calculate the output of theeach repetition of the brench-press performed throughout the whole range motion. During the lower extremity test
actions, the mean power (watts) was recorded by a platform. Customized software (ISONET500 - JLML I+D,
Madrid, Spain) was used to calculate the output of the each repetition. The COPTEST(a) a competitive simulation
test was used to evaluate the blood lactate concentrations and remove and recovery and evaluate the “Explosive
Strength” resistance loading. Standard statistical methods were used to calculate the means and standard deviations(SD). The average of men’s and woman’s results, were compared using one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA).
The P≤0.05 criterion was used for establishing statistical significance. The strength characteristics of the athletes of
the upper extremity muscles are presented in Table 1. Peak force, one repetition concentric maximum and peak power
were significantly lower in woman athletes than in man. No significant differences were observed and number
repetitions of explosive resistance and the power strength (%1RM).
Table1 – Mean(SD) and (ANOVA) of Upper Body Characteristics Strength between man and woman
Peak Force (N)
1RM (Kg)
Power
Mediam Power
Peak Power
Explosive(% 1RM)(W)(W)
Resist (Nº Rp.)
Men (n=16)
1668,79±446, 1
104,4±23,2
52,1 ±6,1
611,4±125,7
2107,2±480,7
14,1±4
Woman (n=6)
995,38±393,4
55±11,758,3±8,9
325,7±70,1
1430,2±479,1
11,3±3,3
Sig.
**
**
ns
**
*
ns
*p<0.05; **p<0.01

The explosive strength of the lower extremity muscles are represented in (cm) SJ (M=34 ±6 and F=31,3 ± 1,6), CMJ(M=37 ±5,1 and F=32,8 ± 4,7), Elasticity Index (M=9,3 ±7,7 and F=5,4 ± 15,1) and RJ (30´´) (M=28,7 ±3,2 and
F=24 ± 2).
Potência no COPTEST e Teste de RFEPOTÊNCIA (FXV) AO LONGO DO COPTEST

800

Pot. (W)600

Potencia.media.total (W)
COPTEST

400

Potencia.media.total (W)
RFE

200
0
1

3

5

7

9

11 13 15 17 19

Nº Rep. e TC - 5

640,00620,00600,00580,00
POT (W) 560,00
540,00520,00500,00480,00

Série1

1´

2´

3´

4´

5´

TEMPO DO COPTEST

No significantly differences were represented between the test of Explosive Resistance in laboratory and the
COPTEST(a) a competitive simulation Test. In COPTEST(a) , between the first minute and the last minute (5´) themean in power strength decreases slightly till -15%. In addition the peak blood lactate concentration of COPTEST(a)was (M=17,4 ±2,7 and F=14,5 ± 2,3 mmol.l-1) and after ten minutes the blood concentration decreases till -45%. Insummary, the results of this study indicated that absolute maximal strength and muscle power output in the benchpress performance are significantly different in male and female athletes, but no differences were represented in
explosive resistance. In the jumps power (lower body) the differences were noted, but lower values than thoserecorded in the upper body.

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIFTING HAND HOLD AND FAVORITE TECHNIQUE IN JUDO
Hikaru Murata
muratah@ferris.edu
Ferris State University, Michigan, USA

Although all judokas learn basic and correct holds (tadashii kumikata) on both pulling and lifting hands(i.e. where and how to hold a judo uniform (judogi), there are many variations of holds in the free sparing(randori) and during judo bouts. These variations seem to depend on each judoka’s judo proficiency,
personal preference or comfort level when he or she attempts to gain control during each pre-throwing
and throwing phase, off-balance, entry and execution. The purpose of this study was to investigate
possible relationships between variations of holds and favorite techniques (Tokui-waza). Morespecifically, this study focused on a lifting hand hold (Tsurite) and its location, application andmodification and how the lifting hand hold contributed each judoka’s selection of special or favorite
techniques. Also, how the lifting hand hold was used when special or favorite techniques were attempted.
In addition to this prime purpose, the author attempted to discover the major contribution of the holdvariations and what contributed to the selection of a lifting hand hold (dominant hand versus nondominant hand). The basic, standard or correct holds are taken either natural posture or defensive postureby holding a partner’s lapel with one hand (Tsurite) and his/her sleeve with the other hand (hikite).
Although there are many variations of holds, these holds are largely categorized by seven classifications;standard, cross, power, back, Russian, double lapel and double sleeve grips (Pedro, 2005). Also, favorite
techniques (Tokuiwaza) were specified by Brousse and Matsumoto (1999) as “most students who become
proficient in judo gradually modify and adapt their favorite techniques... When you master a techniquewell enough to make it singularly effective for yourself, that technique is called your tokuiwaza, whichliterally means “special” or “favorite” technique”(p.18). This qualitative study was conducted by personal
interviews, questionnaires, observation and video analysis of judo practices and competitions. The results
proved useful when the standard holds were taught for novice judokas and when judokas discover theirfavorite techniques as their skill level improved.

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THE JUDO IN THE ITALIAN PRIMARY SCHOOL
Emanuela Pierantozzi
emanuela.pierantozzi@fastwebnet.it
Researcher in methodology and sporting didactics, University of Bologna , Italy
Professor of Combat Sport, University of Bologna and Genova.
Rosa Maria Muroni
Professor of Sport Psychology , University of Genova, Italymuronirosamaria@libero.it

The Committee for the juvenile activity of the FIJLKAM, after the reform 2003 Moratti, (what it looks
out upon in the new plans of study the sporting practice as one "cultural tool to read and to govern theexperience"), it has constituted some work groups, with the purpose to introduce the teaching of the judoin the school, having: - ascertained that the judo in the Italian schools was not practiced in the school’s
hours, but in scholastic extra schedules and only from a small number of schools; - individualized thenecessity to delineate a common program, supported by a manual. Our group is devoted to the analysis
and the study of the practice of the judo in the various primary schools of different Italian regions. The
concrete effected projects, the manifold developed experiences, the applied methods and the various
picked up results and discuss, we have conducted us to the elaboration of a specific program introduced ina relative manual. With this "oral presentation" we would like: - to expose some of the most meaningful
steps, that have conducted to the elaboration of such didactic technical program; - to introduce thecorrelative explanatory manual.

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APPLIED PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN JUDO
Takeshi Nakajima
tnakajim@kokushikan.ac.jp
Institute of Budo and Moral Education, Kokushikan University, Japan
Jong Jin Park
Graduate School of Sport Sytem, Kokushikan University
Yasuhiko Moriwaki
Department of Martial Arts, Kokushikan University
Shigeru Murakami
Tokai University
Today, Budo indicates Kendo, Judo, Karatedo, Aikido, Iaido, Kyudo and Naginatado. However, in Edo
period, Budo indicated Bushido which was the ethics of warriors as leaders among other classes. Today’s
Budo corresponds to Bugei or Bujyutsu including swimming and horsemanship. Likewise, Kendo
corresponds to Kenpo (sword fighting), Knjyutsu or Gekken (fencing), and Judo correspounds to Yawara,
Jujitsu, or Taijyutsu (which is practiced without weapon). Although it is said that Bujyutsu turned to be
Budo in the latter half of 1910. We are not sure exactly when this transition actually happened. The only
evidence was presented in the book called “From Jujyutsu to Judo” in 1882 (founder of Judo: Dr. Jigoro
Kano) International Judo Federation (IJF) was established around Europe in 1951 and Judo gained in
popularity around the world rapidly after the 18th Tokyo Olympic game in 1964. Nowadays four million
people practice Judo in 1951 countries (member countries of IJF). As Judo becomes internationalized,
more people believe that Judo is a competitive sport. Some people, however, insist that Judo is not acompetitive sport. Is Judo Budo or a sport? This is a controversial issue, and many researchers havestudied on the attitudes towards judo. Generally, Budo is regarded as a composite of “Shin” “Gi”and“Tai”. In Sekiguchi-ryu Jujyutsu, they are called “Shin ki ryoku” and in Kito-ryu Jujyutsu, they are called
Shi ki ryoku. That is, Shin, Ki and Ryoku need to work together in order to maximize Gi. Ipoon isaccomplished when Shin, Ki, and Ryoku get together. The symposium on the gymnastic significance ofJudo was held at the convention of Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences in
1965. At that time, modernization of Budo was discussed. We interpret the changing concept of Judo as aconflict between traditional Judo and competitive Judo. Then, to clarify what image people had for the
judo done in every country in the world, we advanced the research. It rapidly spurs in the spreaddevelopment of the judo after the judo is formally adopted for the Tokyo Olympics game in 1964 andpeople in the world catch the judo from various angles, and commerce the game (victory), the principle,
and the physical education through life, etc. However, the Oconahica of approving the chairman of All
Japan Judo Federation Kodokan superintendent is describing recently in the greeting at the new year, "Itdoesn't seem that the judo the ideal of the approving master universally did the spread development to theworld". Then, knowing what image you held for the judo decided to advance the idea research to the judo
lover who was studying the judo in the world in case of one of the critical factors in theinternationalization of the judo in the future.
Key words: Judo, Image of Judo, University students, Judo practicians ,

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CONTEST ANALYSIS OF WORLD JUDO CHAMPIONSHIPS IN 1995-2005
Isamu Nakamura
isamu-n@mri.biglobe.ne.jp
National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya
Ryozo Nakamura
Ryotokuji University
Hatsuyuki Hamada
National Institute of Sports and Fitness in Kanoya
Michito Sakamoto
University of Tsukuba
International Judo Federation (IJF) has been promoting judo to be more dynamic and aggressive incompetition for over 10 years. A series of rule changes/modification such as enforced penalties against
negative judo in late 90’s and introduction of golden score in 2003 required athletes to be more physically
fit and attack continuously. In addition, one minute addition to women’s contest time period in 2003 set ahigher standard for woman judokas than before. The purpose of this study was to clarify how athletes’
performance in competition has been changed since 1995 by analyzing scoring and winning points, meansof scoring points and penalties in the World Judo Championships (WCs). IJF official results including
4750 contests of the 6 WCs were used in this study. Some of the major findings were (1) ratio of ippon
has been increased from 51.4% in 1995 to 59.6% in 2003, but decreased to 57.1% in 2005, (2) ratio of
kinsa/golden score reduced significantly from 5.7% in 2001 to 2.9% in 2003 and 2.1% in 2005, (3) ratioof ippon for women was raised significantly from 50.2% in 2001 to 58.1% in 2003, when that for men
was at the highest in 2001(65.0%) but 56.8% in 2005. The results indicate world judo has become more
dynamic by means of increased ippons and declining tendency of kinsa/GS. Although there was a clear
distinction between men and women until 2003, sexual difference in competition performance became
smaller when difference in time period was disappeared in 2003.

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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF JUDO TECHNIQUES INCORPORATED INTO FALL PREVENTIONTRAINING
Shinya Negoro
aam62580@nyc.odn.ne.jp / masa@jvb.co.jp
The Japanese Society of Judo Therapy
Shuichi Okada
Faculty of Human Development, Kobe University
The purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of judo techniques that were incorporated into
fall prevention training program for the healthy elderly. The subjects were 14 elderly individuals who
lived in urban areas and did not have any history of orthopedic illness. They were divided into 2 groups: 6of them underwent fall prevention training (intervention group) and 8 were followed without any
intervention (control group). Persons from the intervention group participated in fall prevention training(2 times a week, 30 min, 10 weeks) under the supervision of a judo therapist. Both before and after the
training, motor function test and subjective degree of health survey were performed in both study groups.
From the obtained results, it was clear that incorporation of judo techniques into fall prevention exercise
programs effectively improved motor functions in the elderly.

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THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE BONE DENSITY MEASUREMENT FOR JUDO PLAYERS BYULTRASOUND MEASURING METHOD
Ryuji Okada
Kinki University
Nobuyuki Ashida
Koshien University
Kazuhiko Kawabata
Kwansei Gakuin University
Norio Takashima
Kinki University
Terumasa Higashi
Senri Kinran University
Fifty-one male students and 24 female students who belong to the Judo club of University A or
University B participated in this study. Their age ranged from 18 to 22. The test used was “Benus III BD620” produced by Tanita Company. This is an instrument to measure human calcaneus bone density byultrasound. A comparison of the male group with the standard values set by the maker showed nosignificantly high values. On the contrary, those of the female group proved significantly high. In
addition, some male examinees in the low bone density group suffered from ankle injuries more
frequently.

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SYSTEMATIZATION OF TRAINING AND PERFORMANCE OF JUDO ATHLETES FROM THE
NORTH REGION HIGH PERFORMANCE TRAINING CENTER (CTAR/RN)
Júlio Cesar do Prado
prado_julio@hotmail.com
JUDÔjo – Grupos de estudos e pesquisa de JudôCentro de Treinamento de Alto Rendimento / Região Norte
Colégio Lasalle-AM
Mauro Cesar Gurgel de Alencar Carvalho
LAMCE – COPPE – UFRJ (RJ)
LABIMH – Universidade Castelo Branco
Colégio Pedro II
Raimundo Fortunato JuniorFederação de Judo do Amazonas
Centro de Treinamento de Alto Rendimento / Região Norte
Lucio Glaucio de MendonçaCentro de Treinamento de Alto Rendimento / Região Norte
Dejanir Nunes Cardoso
Centro de Treinamento de Alto Rendimento / Região Norte
Ewertton de Souza Bezerra
Centro de Treinamento de Alto Rendimento / Região Norte
Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biomecânica – LAPEB
Centro Univesitário do Norte – Manaus – AM
Lucio Glaucio de MendonçaCentro de Treinamento de Alto Rendimento / Região Norte
Cleris de Araújo Santana
Centro de Treinamento de Alto Rendimento / Região Norte
This study aims to present the training process adopted at north region high PERFORMANCE training
center (CTAR/RN) for the Judo team and the results obtained during 2006. For the first time in Amazonas
State history judocas were evaluated adequated to Judo needs, a season planing with 3 cicles wasdeveloped to direct the training acording to the competition calendar, and also the judo specific needs andthe personal athletes' goals for reaching the peaks at the right moment. General and Judo specifc methodsof training were adopted according to the training phase. Main results: a) the anthropometric parameters
and the motor tests evaluated showed that the judokas were fit to their weigth classes; b) since theCTAR/RN was developed and this coach commission was hired, never, in the Amazonas State, Judo has
achieved such expressive victories in the main regional, national and international level tournaments withjuvenile, junior and senior athletes. It may be concluded that the good performance results are directly
linked to adequated season planning and its exectution, but also with the creation of an adequated training
center, proper investment in Judo, good administration, criterious professional and athletes selection.
Key:words: Judo, Training, Planning.

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LA GEOGRAPHIE : UNE AIDE AU DEVELOPPEMENT DE LA PRATIQUE DU JUDOLoïc Ravenel
loic.ravenel@univ-fcomte.fr
Université de Franche-Comté, France
Julien Duval
Université de Franche-Comté
Cette présentation a pour objectif de montrer l’intérêt de l’analyse géographique pour le développement
de la pratique du judo. En effet, cette activité sportive possède une organisation géographique qui
différencie le territoire national : certaines régions ont plus de pratiquants que d’autres tant en terme
quantitatifs que relatifs (fig. 1). Les explications d’une telle carte peuvent être historiques et font alors
référence à l’implantation et la diffusion du judo dans le pays. Mais elles sont aussi d’ordre structurel,
expliquant les différentiels à l’aide du facteur démographique (population disponible, structure par âge)ou concurrentiel (présence d’autres activités sportives). Par une démarche tenant compte de ces variations
spatiales, il est possible d’identifier les territoires ayant les plus forts potentiels de développement etd’engager alors des politiques ciblées pour atteindre des objectifs qui ont été quantifiés. Notre
présentation se focalisera sur la France avec une double perspective nationale et régionale.
Figure 1 - La pratique du judo en France (2004-2005)

Carte 1 - Judo 0405

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DIFFERENCES OF THE GROUPS OF THROWS USED BY MAN AND WOMAN IN DIFFERENTWEIGHT CATEGORIES DURING THE EUROPEAN JUNIOR JUDO CHAMPIONSHIPS 2005
Hrvoje Sertić
hrvoje.sertic@kif.hr
Faculty of Kinesiology University of Zagreb
Ivan Segedi
Faculty of Kinesiology University of Zagreb, Croatia
Stanislaw Sterkowicz
School of Physical Education in Cracow, Poland.

Goal of the paper is to identify and analyze the most used throwing techniques by every category in men
and women part of competition in order to improve judo training. 238 fights were analyzed in men, and
171 fights in women part of European championship. Weight categories are grouping according tosimilarities of using certain groups of throws. Categories -48kg and -52kg have the same distribution ofgroups of throws. Dominated techniques are hand techniques followed by leg, sacrifice and hiptechniques. In the Category -57kg the most dominant group of throws are also hand throws. Second group
comprises weight categories -63 kg up to +78 kg. Within this group only the category -78kg has slightly
different distribution of the dominant groups of throws, but the leg throws are still the most used ones. In
the men's part of the tournament one can also distinguish two groups. In the first group there arecategories -60kg, -66kg and -73kg. The dominant group of throws in these categories is hand techniques.
The leg techniques are the second most used ones. The second group includes categories from -81kg to+100kg. In categories -81kg, -90kg and +100kg the second most used techniques are the hand techniques.
The ranking of the rest group of techniques is different and specific for every category. Interesting thing
about these categories is that the hip techniques aren't the last according to use (except in category -90kg).
Conclusion: It is clearly shown that the judo is different for every category and that one must train it thatway. The individual approach or at least making the homogenic groups enables bigger efficiency of the
training and greater chance to accomplishing good international results.

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TAI OTOSHI CHECKLISTS’ CONTENT VALIDITY
Wagner Kenji Shimoda
University of São Paulogomes@usp.br
Fábio Rodrigo Ferreira Gomes
Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group
School of Physical Education and Sport
University of São Paulo
Jaqueline Freitas de Oliveira Neiva
University of São Paulo
Go Tani
University of São Paulo
Cássio de Miranda Meira Jr.
University of São PauloThe aim of this study was to address whether two tai otoshi checklists have content validity. Bothchecklists consider tori as right-handed. The first checklist was based on the global configuration of the
tai otoshi, focusing two phases: 1) kuzushi, which was classified as POOR (tori moves toward uke, notunbalancing the uke), REGULAR (tori performs an arm movement after the body rotation, changing theorder of kuzushi and tsukuri), GOOD (tori performs a body rotation, positioning the hand below the chest,
but uke’s body is unbalanced ahead), and EXCELLENT (tori performs a body rotation with the right handat the same height of the chest, and the uke must be supporting him/herself only on the tip of the rightfoot); and 2) tsukuri: POOR (tori does not perform the body turn), REGULAR (tori performs the bodyrotation very close to uke), GOOD (uke, who is behind the back of tori, is projected over the tori’s hip),
EXCELLENT (the projection of the uke is performed behind of the tori’s right leg). The second checklist
specifically assessed the kuzushi of the tai otoshi, through two “yes or no” items: 1) motor task (tori’s
movement performed to unbalance uke) and 2) effect (unbalance on uke as a consequence of the
movement performed by tori). Ten experienced Judo teachers/coaches answered three questions about theclarity of the content, the technical pertinence of the content, and the applicability of the checklist as a
research tool. The results showed that the checklist 1 (global configuration) is: very easy (20%) or easy(70%) to understand, very adequate (30%) or adequate (60%), and very applicable (40%) and applicable(60%). The second checklist (kuzushi) was evaluated as: very easy (80%) or easy (20%) to understand,very adequate (80%) or adequate (20%), and very applicable (60%) and applicable (40%). Therefore,both checklists can be used as valid research tools in the qualitative analysis of the tai otoshi.

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LATERALITY: HAVE THE LEFT-LIMBED JUDOKA ANY ADVANTAGES IN JUDO FIGHT?
Stanislaw Sterkowicz
wtsterko@cyf-kr.edu.pl
University School of Physical Education in Cracow, Poland
Jan Blecharz
University School of Physical Education in Cracow, Poland
Grzegorz Lech
University School of Physical Education in Cracow, Poland

The aim of the present paper was to define the laterality of upper limbs and lower limbs and its relation
with the level of achievements in this sport by young judo competitors. This research involved 90
participants of the International Judo Tournament for Young Competitors in Wieliczka-Poland (16 June
2006). Their age and training experience were 13.5 ± (SD)0.52 and 4.5 ± 1.83 year respectively. Before
the Tournament held in nine weight categories, the Zazzo test was used to diagnose laterality. We tried tofind laterality relationship with the level of achievements in judo tournaments (M - medalists; N - nonmedalists). The hypothesis concerning the independence of traits was verified by means of Fisher's exact
test at the level of P<0.05. Thirty-five boys from the entire surveyed group won medals in nine weightcategories. The left-handed competitors (n = 22) took a little better at winning medals because half themwere in the Group of Medalists. The right-handed competitors (n=64) achieved a lower value of thisquantity and it amounted to 0.38. The frequency of distribution may only indicate some tendency(P=0.164). A little more than half (0.51) of the group of competitors with left-leg preference (n= 35)
became medalists, while this ratio amounted to 0.31 in the case of the judoka with right-leg preference.
During the analysis of the data concerning laterality involving lower limbs, the probability that we would
receive a different distribution from the one that is present in four cells table was considerably lower andthis indicates a significant convergence (P=0.043). In conclusion: judo young competitors, who arecharacterized by left-limb laterality have better chances of winning medals at tournaments. Their
opponents fight under the conditions of increased entropy and they more often lose probably due to
unexpected technical and tactical actions. Thanks for K. Kaczmarczyk for her help in data collection.

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MOTIVATIONAL DIFFERENCES ACCORDING TO GENDER AND COMPETITIVE LEVEL OFJUDO PLAYERS
Stanislaw Sterkowicz
wtsterko@cyf-kr.edu.pl
University School of Physical Education in Cracow, Poland
Guilherme Artioli
Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group,
School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio
Physical Education College, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo
Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group
School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
Emerson Franchini
Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group
School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São PauloThe aim of this study was to determine the motivation pattern of the Brazilian judo players according totheir sex and sports level. Forty one male and 13 female judo athletes answered a nine-factor motivation
survey (Terry and Fowles 1985). Their mean ages were 18.0 (male) and 17.5 (female), whereas theirtraining experiences were 9.1 and 6.0, respectively. They were divided in Elite (National, SouthAmerican and Pan-American medallists) and Non-elite (Nothing, Regional or State medallists). A 2-way
Analysis of Variance (factors of sex and sports level) and Covariance (covariate age) was used tocompare groups. The significant differences in the motivation of women and men occurred in four
factors: excellence - opportunities to do something very well for its own sake; health and fitness;
independence - opportunities to take control of one’s own situation; stress - excitement, tension, andpressure which sport generates. Those factors values were lower in females than males. The results for
sports level showed that the contestants were characterized by a really greater intensity concerning thedesire to maintain health and improve physical fitness (H&F), which was more important for the Nonelite than for Elite. The only significant interaction was observed in H&F for sports level of competitors
by sex. We find the significantly lower value of H&F motive in Elite Females than in Non-elite Females,
whereas those values were similar in Elite and Non-elite Males. In conclusion, female judo players giveless importance to excellence, H&F, independence and stress than male judo players. The only differencein competitive level was H&F, with lower level judo players giving more importance to this aspect. Thus,
motivation to judo participation seems to be different among male and females and coaches should beaware of this in order to deal properly with his/her athletes.

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MOUNTAIN TRAINING FOR JUDOKAS PREPARATION
Sergey Telyuk
sertel@voxnet.ru
Russian Sport’s Research Institute. Russia

How is it known that with doing mountain training preparation it is helpful to the sportsmen to achieve ahigher level of physical capacity? For these purposes during the preparation of highly skilled judokas a
few training camps are planned on mountains during a year. Using mountain conditioning training is adangerous methodical way of training judokas, because if one does not take into consideration theindividual or the group regularities in adaptation to the mountain conditions, this can quickly harm thehealth of the sportsman or bring him into a chronic exhaustion condition, which will give the adverse
effect of this preparation. As an example to reveal this regularity in a group, a training camp was heldwith judokas on a mountain with an altitude of 1650 meters above sea level. 18 judokas participated inthis training camp for 18 days. These judokas where of more or less of the same level of fitness but ofdifferent body weights. All Judokas carried out the training load corresponding to their functionality.
This was to determine the level of control of changes occurring to an organism of the sportsmen, the useof the index of a functional condition gave the information about dynamics of adaptable shift changes in
the cardiovascular system. For the analysis of the levels of physiological changes, the biochemicalparameters of blood (hemoglobin, iron, phosphorus, etc.) were investigated. During these researches it
was established: 1 – The efficiency of judokas adaptation to conditions on a mountain’s climate depends
on a level of their functional condition before the mountain training camp, then higher was the level of
preliminary readiness, then less is the period of acclimatization; 2 – The duration of adaptation
corresponds on the weight of the sportsman, the higher his weight, the longer and more difficult is theperiod of acclimatization. Heavyweight judokas have adaptation periods of 10 or even up to 12 days, but
for judokas of medium weight this period is shorter and last up to 6 to 8 days whilst for light weightsportsmen this is of about 4-5 days. Thus, coaches that are planning to spend training camps on mountainconditions are to keep to the revealed regularity (parameters).

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PROBLEMS OF JUDOKAS' SELECTION FOR OLYMPIC GAMES OF 2008 AND PROPOSALS FOR
THE OLYMPIC GAMES OF 2012
Sergey Telyuk
sertel@voxnet.ru
Russian Sport’s Research Institute. Russia

Some of the Principles and criteria existing today in a selection of judokas for the Olympic Games (OG)of 2008 are not quite correct. Therefore it is necessary to discuss and improve these criteria to develop
better proposals on the selection of sportsmen for a coming OG of 2012. Problems: Why does a country(national federation) prepare Olympic champions of 2004, for the Olympics when these same athletes
have no license from the International Judo Federation (IJF) or when athletes do not qualify to a certain
weight category and are not nominate the represent their country in the following OG of 2008 of suchweight? This should not the case and they should be given a license. An example of this is from the last
selection criteria for judokas (men) of Europe in the OG of 2004. Olympic champions of 2000 - fromTurkey (66 kg), Italy (73 kg), the Netherlands (90 kg), France (+100 kg) did not receive licenses forparticipation in OG of 2004. The same happened in the OG of 2008 when sportsmen from Europe
become Olympic champions of 2004, namely the judokas from Greece (81 kg), Georgia (90 kg) andBelarus (100 kg) who had no licenses for participation in OG of 2008. These countries which havealready prepared Olympic champions, again should win licenses in these weight categories forparticipating in OG either by results of the World Championship of 2007 or in continental selection
competitions. Expediently the IJF should give out licenses for these countries that have the right tonominate judokas in these weight categories to participate in following OG without having to qualify
again in competition. This enables the country, and its national federation, that already have licenses ofthese some weights categories, to concentrate more on the financial assets and organizational resources
rather than on a wining of licenses in other weight categories. Why only a small amount of places are
given by IJF to the European Judo Union (EJU) for women? In each of their weight category there are
only 5 places, which essentially complicate (toughens) matters, for the majority of European federation
representatives to win female licenses to have the right to partake in OG. It is clearly visible, that there isdiscrimination for women in comparison with the men's quotas given from 5 for women to 9 for men.
Proposals: 1. IJF should give licenses for the right of participation in OG of 2012 for those national
federations of countries, who in the respective weight categories have prepared Olympic champions of2008. 2. IJF should reconsider the quantity of quotas for women given out to the EJU to more than 5people. It should increase due to the quotas given for men are higher. The fact that quotas are given out
earlier to the country that organizes OG, this has reduced the quantity of licenses for men up to 4 places
and for women up to 3, except of what they could win during qualifying competition rating selections.
This makes it worse for European quotas instead of increasing European they have been reduced and the
IJF should look into this matter. 3. The EJU should reconsider a different system of selection for the OGof 2012, different to those quotas which we will receive from IJF. Selection for the European judokas iscarried out only by results of the European Championships 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 (on a total sum of thecollected points in these four European Championships). The status and the importance of the European
Championships will considerably increases. Points are gathered for the result attained in each European
Championship on all weight categories and does not go personally to sportsmen but only to the countries
and their total amount of points gathered for the determination of those four years, whether the country
gets the license in each of their weight category for the right of participation in OG according to thosequotas which are allocated by the IJF to the EJU or not.

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PSYCOLOGICAL PROFILES IN JUDO: IMPLICATIONS FOR TALENT IDENTIFICATION AND
DEVELOPMENT
Farshad Tojari
farshad_tojari@yahoo.com
Azad University Tehran Branch
Derakshan .M
Amini .A,
Zareian . M
Iran Judo Federation
Kohandel.M
Azad University Karaj Branch
The purpose of this study is Comparison and determination of psychological profiles of Iran’s elite malejudoka in three age categories of cadets , juniors and seniors for talent identification and development in
Judo. three goup of elite athletic, cadets (N =68), juniors (N=82), seniors(N=68) who voluntairly
participated ,were examined by the questioner of SASI. the finding revealed that not statisticallysignificantly differ on six psychological factors of motivation , concentration , goal setting , imagery , self
control and self confidence between grops.the psychological profiles of cadets , juniors, seniors showsthat highest scores on the motiviation,goal setteting and self- confidence. In conclusion, this study shows
a profile of psychological aspect of Iranian elite level male Judokas which can be considered as a valuable
model in talent identification and development in Judo.
Key words : talent identification, judoka, psychological profile

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SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PHISIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE JUDO BOUT AND THE
BASIC AND SPECIFIC FITNESS TESTS
Hrvoje Sertić
hrvoje.sertic@kif.hr
Faculty of Kinesiology University of Zagreb
Ivan Segedi
Faculty of Kinesiology University of Zagreb, Croatia
Stanislaw Sterkowicz
School of Physical Education in Cracow, Poland.

Goal of the paper is to analyze the possibility to predict functional abilities (specific endurance) via
specific judo fitness tests. The sample of participants was 8 elite Croatian judokas (6 seniors and 2
juniors). They were tested with one basic endurance test (treadmill running test) and two specific judo
fitness tests. First test was Specific judo fitness test originally created by Sterkowicz and the second wastest Throw + two push ups in 90 seconds created by Sertić. The result in both tests is evaluated with thenumber of throws executed during the time of the tests. The physiological parameters observed during thetests were concentration of lactic acid measured one minute after the tests and after the judo bout and the
maximal heart rate during the tests and bout. All judokas were carrying heart beats monitors which wererecording through all the time of duration of the tests and judo bout. The parameters of lactic acid inblood and maximal heart rate during the activity were the indicators of the similarities between tests andthe bouts, and because of their high coleration one can draw conclusions about functional abilities of
judokas. Mean concentration of the lactic acid and the mean maximal heart beat during the Specific judo
fitness test was 13.6 mmol/l / 188BPM, after the throw + two push ups test 14,2 mmol/l / 187BPM, after
the basic test on the treadmill 13,7mmol/l / 197BPMand after the judo bout 13,7 mmol/l/189 BPM.
Conclusion: One can conclude that the specific judo endurance and the functional abilities of the judokas
can be estimated equaly good by good results in each one of these three tests. Knowing the status offunctional abilities of judoka helps to create more efficient training program and improve the judoka’s
status prior the important championships.

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SPECIFIC DYNAMOMETER TO MEASURE THE FORCE OF THE ARMS OF JUDO ATHLETESLeszek Antoni Szmuchrowski
Lac.ufmg@gmail.com
Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG
Ney Wilson Pereira da Silva
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ
Rodrigo Gustavo da Silva Carvalho
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG
Jacielle Carolina Ferreira
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG
Renato Melo Ferreira
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG

The dynamometer is a method used to measure the muscles force, in special the maximum voluntaryisometric contraction and explosive force (EF). Judo is a modality that uses these two manifestations ofarm force. The major goal of this study is to present a new tool capable to evaluate asymmetry ofmembers and the EF in similar movements to the executed ones during a fight. The dynamometer iscomposed of two force cells fixed between two steel handles. These handles are connected in a structure
on wall that allows the adjustment of the height and distance between the force cells. During theexecution of the test the athlete has, in real time, the feedback. The feedback is given through a monitor
placed above of the device, which also shows the register of the curve force-time supplied for software.
The athlete stay in front of the device, duly adjusted for him, and simulates an attack. An evaluation
carried through on judokas (Brazilian National Team), where 13 were females (66,9 ± 18.7kg, and 151,8± 45.5cm) and 13 were males (87,1 ± 24.7kg, and 177,2 ± 10.3cm) presented the following results for thetest of flexors explosive force of the elbow (simulating the Ko soto gari attack): Females and Males
averages were respectively: right arm force 669 ±144.4N and 979 ±210,4N, left arm force 619 ±110.8N
and 912,5 ± 194,4N and asymmetry 10,63 ±9,3% and 7,0 ±4%. Only two athletes of the female team hada bigger asymmetry than 15%. These results only demonstrate one of the tests that can be carried throughwith this system. This system still registers the forces in any direction of the movement and also makes it
possible the asymmetry evaluation. So, by using this system more complete evaluations of the athlete’s
physical capacities can be realized.

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A SURVEY ON THE PROBLEMS OF JUDO ATHLETES AFTER RECONSTRUCTION OF
ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT DUE TO REINTEGRATION INTO ACTIVE PLAYER
Seiji Miyazaki
judo1117@keyaki.cc.u-tokai.ac.jp
Yasuhiro Yamashita
Nobuyuki Sato
Toshiaki Hashimoto
Kenji Mitsumoto
Hideharu Shirase
Hidetoshi Nakanishi
Kenichiro Agemizu

ABSTRACT NOT RECEIVED BY EDITORS UNTIL SEPTEMBER 09th

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Annals of the 5 International Judo Federation World Research Symposiumth
September, 12 , 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

LE PROGRAMME DE L'EXERCICE D'INTERVALLE DU JUDO POUR LES ATHLÈTES FEMMESNoriko Mizoguchi
Shizuoka University of Art and Culture
Yoko Tanabe
Nihon University
Ryoko Watanabe
Kanazawa Gakuin University

Cette etude a pour but d’analiser la reponse physiologique dans le entrainement de judo pour les femmes
et proposer le programme de l'exercice d'intervalle du judo. D’apres AMTTMAN(2005), meilleur façonde travail de judo et repos pour le mecanism d’approvisionnement de energie en l’oxygene et nonoxygenee est la proportion des 2 travails pour 1 repos (ou des 3 travails pour 1 repos) par serie. Nousavons propose 4 types de programme de l’exercice d’intervalle du judo en se referant de façon
d’AMTTAMAN et avons mesure l’acide lactique dans le sang, l’estimation d’effort perce de BORG(
RPE) et la pulsation (HR) dans le TEST-MATCH et RANDORI. «Les programmes»: 1.Randorid'intervalle100% «travail : repos =1 : 1» 5minute Randori = 5minute Repos x 5série; 2. Motodachi-Taté«travail : repos =1: 0.1» 5minute Randori + 30 seconde Repos x 5série; 3. randori Intervalle50% «travail: repos = 2: 1» 5minute Randori x 2 + 5 minute Repos x 5 série; 4. test match«travail : repos = 6: 1»
5minute match x 30minute Repos x 4 série. En acide lactique dans le sang, Test match est 12.5mmol/l,il
etais remarquablement élevé.en suite, Randori d'intervalle100% est 3.59 mmol/l, Motodachi-Taté est 4.52
mmol/l ,et randori Intervalle 50% est 2.6mmol/l. (F (3.27) =14.117, p<.01). Puisque que Test match est
comme la compétition,par conséquent, elles ont faire les plus grands travailaux . Et la fatigabilité estmonter en faisant le produit d'acide lactique dans le muscle. AMTTMAN (2005) a signalé que «travail :repos» est 2:1~3 :1, 7~8 serie, il est trés effecase de capacité pour le mecanism d’approvisionnement del’energie en l’oxygene et non-oxygenee. Mais, Ā la différence de façon de AMTTMAN, Ce resultat n’apas de une grande difference par l’acide lactique dans le sang, RPE, et HR max dans le Randori les tamps
de randori.Nous pensons que le judo est trés personnelle mouvement, C’est ‘ā dire que ca depond departneur, La tendance de mouvement que il ne faudra pas force musculaire,Il faudra la technique , lavitesse et la adaptation pendant Randori.

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Annals of the 5 International Judo Federation World Research Symposiumth
September, 12 , 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

ANALISIS DE DISTINTOS INDICADORES CONDICIONALES DE JUDOKAS DE RELEVANCIAINTERNACIONAL VS JUDOKAS DE RELEVANCIA NACIONAL
José Manuel García García
josemanuel.garcia@uclm.es
Universidad de Castilla La Mancha. España
Luis Fernandes Monteiro
Universidad Lusófona. Lisboa. Portugal
Bibiana Calvo Rico
Universidad de Castilla La Mancha. Toledo. España
Fernando Navarro Valdivielso
Universidad de Castilla La Mancha. Toledo.España
José María González Ravé
Universidad de Castilla La Mancha. Toledo. España
Alfonso García Muñoz
Universidad Politécnica. Madrid. España

El propósito de este estudio es conocer si existe un perfil condicional específico y común de loscampeones internacionales y si éste se diferencia significativamente del de los judokas, que actuando enel contexto de la alta competición, aún no han sido capaces de lograr el éxito a ese nivel competitivo. Para
ello se trabajó con una muestra de 110 judokas (54 campeones internacionales a los que denominamos“expertos” y 56 judokas de categoría nacional que aún no habían conseguido medallas continentales omundiales; a este grupo de judokas los denominamos “novatos”. Antes del inicio del estudio se comprobó
la normalidad de la muestra mediante el estadístico de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. La edad media de losexpertos (E) fue de 27,11±1,27 y la de los novatos (N) de 24,62± 1,56. El estudio se realizó bajo diseño
cuasi-experimental. Las variables estudiadas fueron: Consumo máximo de oxígeno, Fuerza explosiva
máxima, Tiempo hasta la adquisición de la fuerza dinámica máxima, producción y aclaración lactácida
tras la realización del COPTEST©, y resistencia a la fuerza en régimen de velocidad. El análisis de losdatos reveló que existen diferencias significativas en todas las variables estudiadas para p< 0,001.
VO2Max en ml/kg*min-1 (E=54,47±2,34; N=56,14± 2,21). En fuerza explosiva en n/s (E= 46961±
14304; N= 30527± 6228). El tiempo hasta la adquisición de la fuerza dinámica máxima en ms (E=41,28±
15,97; N= 62,13± 19,27). Sobre el lactato producido medido en mmol/l (E= 12,02± 1,35; E= 13,89±
1,33). El aclaración lactácido a los 5’ de haber finalizado el COPTEST© también reveló diferencias
significativas, en mmol/l/5’ (E= 4,56± 0,83; N= 3,32± 0,82). Por último la resistencia a la fuerza en
régimen de velocidad, medido en unidades JMG revelaba el siguiente resultado (E=-33,57± 11,93; N= 12,66± 11,19). Las conclusiones del estudio demuestran que existen diferencias significativas en lacondición física de los grandes campeones con relación a los judokas que aún siendo de alto rendimiento
aún no han adquirido su madurez competitiva. Destacan las diferencias en las variables de fuerza
explosiva máxima (MRFD) y aclaración lactácida tras la realización de un test de simulación competitiva.
Posteriores estudios podrán relacionar estos resultados con medidores de carácter técnico y/o táctico.

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