LAUNCH MEETINGS ORGANIZED BY FFJ

Care-led innovation:
The case of elderly care in
France and Japan
29th & 30th March 2021
9.00 - 11.00 (France) | 16.00 - 18.00 (Japan)
OnlineRising life expectancy and ageing populations are a major challenge for our societies. A key issue is carefor elderly people who are experiencing a loss of autonomy. While the contribution of technology in this field(especially robotics, artificial intelligence, and information and communication technology) is recognised as asolution, this contribution is also defined by certain limitations, now partly revealed by the COVID-19 crisis.
Our hypothesis is that this is a structural problem related to the partial disconnect between social needs
and technological solutions, itself tied to the dominant paradigm of innovation. Our project’s objective is todevelop an alternative concept called care-driven innovation. Thanks to a multidisciplinary French-Japanesecollaboration, we will thus analyse the policies and practices that put well-being at the centre of innovation. This
complex issue is the subject of a new project that involves several French and Japanese research centres, aswell as associations involved in the care sector.

Program
29th March
9.00 - 11.00 (France) | 16.00 - 18.00 (Japan)
Zoom Videoconference
Introduction
Context and objectives of the project, scientific program for 20212024, application to the ANR funding (deadline: 14th April)
Sébastien Lechevalier (Project leader), Jodie Cazau (Project coordinator)

Work Package 2: Macro and micro analysis of thetransformations of the institutions (family, public,
private) responsible for the care of the elderly fromthe sociological and public policy points of view
Contributions: Anne-Marie Guillemard, Nao Kinoshita
Discussion

Work Package 4: Implementation of a specific module(questionnaire and interviews) devoted to technicaland social innovations in the care of the elderly in thecontext of the COVID-19 crisis
Contributions: Isabelle Dufour, Olivier Giraud, Yasuyuki Gondo, Virginie Troit
Discussion

Conclusion and next steps

Sébastien Lechevalier (Project leader), Jodie Cazau (Project coordinator)

30th March
9.00 - 11.00 (France) | 16.00 - 18.00 (Japan)
Zoom Videoconference
Introduction

Sébastien Lechevalier (Project leader), Jodie Cazau (Project coordinator)

Work Package 1: Analysis of the needs related toincreasing longevity and loss of autonomy, using
quantitative (estimation of disability-free life
expectancy and vulnerability indices) and qualitative(questionnaires and interviews with caregivers andcarers) methodologies
Contributions: Toshiyuki Ojima, Jean-Marie Robine, Yasuhiko Saito
Discussion

Work Package 3: Inventory and critical analysis of
the uses of technologies in the field of care for theelderly in France and Japan, with a focus on robotics,
artificial intelligence and ICT
Contributions: Naonori Kodate, Pearl Morey, Katsunori Shimohara, James Wright
Discussion

Conclusion and next steps

Sébastien Lechevalier (Project leader), Jodie Cazau (Project coordinator)

Research team of the project
Martin Chevallier (EHESS)
After achieving a master degree of philosophy at Paris Sorbonne University andanother of history of science and technologies at Centre Alexandre Koyré (EHESS),
Martin Chevallier began a thesis of sociology with a PhD contract (2018-2021) at
Centre d'études des mouvements sociaux (CEMS-EHESS), under the supervision of
Claude Rosental. Leaning on a socio-history of "personal robots" projects for theassistance of elderlies and disabled persons from the mid-70's, he studies theimplication of the innovators and other "experts'" of social robotics in the managementof psychosocial risks associated with social robots, their role in the definition of politics
of innovation at national and european level, and the multiplication of full-scale tests
and experimentations with dependant users, in living labs or shops, which were
subject to a multi-located ethnography in a Parisian luxury shop and an elderly care home near Paris. Throughparticipant observation, he took part to two successive projects, the (eventually aborted) adoption of Medipep,
a medical assistant humanoid robot, and the testing of a seal robot, Paro.

Aurélie Damamme (Paris 8 University)
Aurélie Damamme is a sociologist. She teaches Sociology at Paris VIII University andis a member of Centre de Recherches sociologiques et politiques de Paris-Genre
Travail Mobilités (CRESPPA-GTM, CNRS). She has co-published with Emmanuelle
Fillion and Myriam Winance two issues of the Journal ALTER-European Journal Of
Disability Research/Revue Européenne de Recherche sur le Handicap (Care andDisability: 1st Part: Stakes and Ambiguites of caring (2015) and 2nd part: Historical
Variations and International Perspectives (2016). With Helena Hirata and Pascale
Molinier, she has co-directed a book on carework in different countries (Columbia,
Argentina, Lebanon, France, Japan). Le travail entre public, privé et intime.
Comparaisons et enjeux internationaux du « care » (L’Harmattan, 2017). She has cocopublished with Maria Teresa Martin Palomo an issue on carework in Cuadernos de Relaciones Laborales(Care at the crossroads of research (2020). She has participated in comparative research on care work offamilies in France and Japan. Her current research work focuses on care, housing and disability. She is avisiting researcher at the Institut national d’études démographiques (INED) to study the housing trajectories of
disabled people and possible changes since the 2005 French law on disability.

Isabelle Dufour (Gérond'if)
Isabelle Dufour is General Delegate of Gérond'if, which is a non-profit organization,
whose main objective is to federate: bring together all actors of the geriatrics andgerontology field, of the Ile-de-France region. It was first created in 2016 by themain federations and institutions of the geriatrics’ field, such as AP-HP which is the
public university hospital system of Paris and its suburbs and the largest in Europe.
Gérond’if also has the support of the region, by having been granted the label of"Domain of Major Interest". This label is given by the region to organizations working
in an emerging sector in wich research and innovation must be supported. The main
activity of our organization is clinical research and evaluation of preventive actions,in the geriatrics field. Gérond’if brings together healthcare providers, public healthstakeholders, caregivers, researchers, and all other players on the health scene. It is presided by Pr. Olivier
HANON, who animates the executive booard of the organization wich is currently composed of renowned
Professors and experts in the geriatrics French scene.

Olivier Giraud (CNRS)
Olivier Giraud is a political scientist and a sociologist. Senior researcher (directeur derecherche) at the French CNRS. He is member of the Lise CNRS research unit in Parisat the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers. He is a specialist of comparative
policy analysis, specifically in the domains of welfare and care regimes, as wellas labour market and training policies in Europe. Interested in the methodologicalchallenges globalization poses to the comparative analysis in the social sciences, he
has recently focused on multiscalar comparative approaches. He was recently fellow
at the department of social sciences at the Humboldt University, Berlin, at the college
Re:Work (Humboldt University, Berlin, 2012-2013) and taught at the University of
Milano Bicoca (2018, 2019, 2020), Lausanne (1996-2001), at the University of Paris
I Panthéon-Sorbonne (2005-2006), Paris Dauphine (2001-2006), at the Free University in Berlin (2008-2010)and many years at IDHEAP in Lausanne. He was as well guest researcher at the Wissenschaftszentrum in
Berlin (1993-1995, 2007-2009).

Yasuyuki Gondo (Osaka University)
Yasuyuki Gondo has been studying human aging since he started working at theTokyo metropolitan institute of gerontology. His study framework is a holistic
understanding of human aging from biological, social, and psychological perspectives.
His study framework was developed working with researchers having different
disciplines. He joined Tokyo centenarian study in 1999. Since then, he interviews
more than 500 centenarians and their family members. He is an active member of theInternational Centenarian Consortium (ICC); a worldwide network studying healthy
aging and longevity thought studying centenarians. He started the SONIC study(Gerontological framework longitudinal epidemiological study for older adults) in 2010as a PI and published more than 30 peer-reviewed articles. He is also involved in afield survey for a social innovation called community-based social innovation (CBSI) which aims to improveolder people’s physical and psychological well-being by older people themselves supported WHO. His anotherproject is about the use of care and IT technology in oldest old people and its influence on the well-being. He
is also working with several local governments for research purposes.

Anne-Marie Guillemard (University of Paris)Anne-Marie Guillemard has been involved in many funded European projects likethe European Network of Excellence “Civil Society and New Forms of Governancein Europe” (CINEFOGO), and the European research consortium ASPA “Activating
Senior Potential in Ageing Europe” (7thFP). She has been sitting till recently on many
editorial boards including Ageing and Society, Hallym International Journal of Aging(Baywood Publishing Company). Her work on cross-national comparisons of welfare
policies, pension systems and prolonging working life is widely recognized. Her main
research areas are sociology of the life course, sociology of ageing and welfare
states reforms. Her research focuses on questions related to age and employment,
public and entrepreneurial age management policies, the generational contract andreforms of the welfare states. She is currently working on longevity and its worldwide multidimensional impacts
on developed and developing societies. She recently edited a collective book about this question (2017).
The chapter she wrote for this book, titled The longevity revolution: Rethinking social meaning of age, social
time and intergenerational solidarity appeared (2019) in a Japanese translation from French in an academic
Japanese Journal. One of her main book contributing to the understanding, in a cross-national perspective(including Europe, USA and Japan), of how societies could adjust to population ageing (Armand Colin 2010)
has just been translated from French to Japanese and published (2019) by Minerva, Kyoto.

Helena Sumiko Hirata (Paris 8 University)
Helena Sumiko Hirata is research director emerita at French National Center for
Scientific Research (CNRS) and associate professor at Sociology Department,
University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Main research topics : Sociology of employment, workand gender ; globalization and sexual division of labour ; care and care labour in acomparative perspective.

Takamasa Iio (Doshisha University)
Takamasa Iio received the Ph.D degree from Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan, in
2012. He has worked at ATR, Osaka University, and University of Tsukuba. Currently,
he is an associate professor at Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan. His field ofexpertise is social robotics. He is interested in how people’s cognition and behavior
change through interaction with social robots, and how human society changes as aresult. His current research focuses on social robots that can enhance social capitalin human society by mediating relationships between people.

Nao Kinoshita (EHESS)Nao Kinoshita is a civil servant of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in Japan.
As a policymaker, she was involved in expanding and diversifying the conditions for
acceptance of foreign workers, promoting education and training for job seekers andemployees who aim improve their skills, reforming medical care for the elderly, andthe amendment of the Long-term Care Insurance Law, introducing a “communitybased comprehensive care” scheme, in which elderly people can continue to live intheir homes even if they need long-term care or medical care. She is currently working
in HR and driving organizational reform. Nao studies migration, with a focus on
Japanese Brazilians and their descendants in Japan. She is an associate researcher
with the Fondation France-Japon de l’EHESS and a member of the Japan Association
for Migration Policy Studies. Nao is a policy advisor for the nonprofit organization Sodateage-Net and provides
employment support and consultations for young people in socio-economically difficult situations such as
those classified as “NEET” and “hikikomori” (acute social withdrawal).

Nao Kodate (University College Dublin)
Nao is Associate Professor in Social Policy at University College Dublin, Ireland(UCD) and founding Director of UCD Centre for Japanese Studies. He holds a PhD
in Political Science (LSE, UK). His research covers comparative public policy, andscience, technology and society (e.g. the use of eHealth), patient safety, and genderequality in STEM. He is currently the Principal Investigator of a Toyota Foundationfunded international research project “Harmonisation towards the establishment of
Person-centred, Robotics-aided Care System (HARP: RoCS)”. Nao is on the Board of
Directors for the Future Technologies for Integrated Care Research Network, Japan.
Nao is affiliated with Public Policy Research Centre, Hokkaido University; la Fondation
France-Japon (FFJ), EHESS; UCD Centre for Interdisciplinary Research Education
and Innovation in Health Systems; and the Institute for Future Initiatives, University of Tokyo.

Sébastien Lechevalier (EHESS)
Sébastien Lechevalier is an Economist and a Professor at EHESS (School of Advanced
Studies in the Social Sciences, Paris), specialised in Japanese economy and Asian
Capitalisms. He is also founder and president of the Fondation France‑Japon del’EHESS (FFJ). He has been a Visiting Professor At Tokyo University, Kyoto University,
Hitotsubashi University, Waseda University and Doshisha University.

Vincent Léger (Fondation Croix-Rouge française)
Vincent Leger holds a PhD in Anthropology from University College London. His
thesis focused on the consequences of urbanisation on the well-being of the elderly
in Ouagadougou. He is currently a Research Officer at the Fondation Croix Rougefrançaise (French Red Cross Foundation), in charge of monitoring the researchsupported by the Foundation and its partners.

Pascale Molinier (University of Sorbonne Paris Nord)
Pascale Molinier is a Professor of Social Psychology at the University of Sorbonne Paris Nord. Her teaching
brings together the psychodynamics of work, care studies, gender and sexuality studies. As a researcher she
focuses on the analysis of the work of caregivers, their work organisation and physical contact with patients.
She is especially interested in the ordinary forms of the ethics of caregiving as it is developed and discussed incare collectives. She is further interested in forms of gendered identities and subjectivations at the crossroadsof the demands of the drive and social constraints. She also works from a critical perspective which brings
together psychological and psychoanalytic theories, gender studies and situated knowledges. She is the authorof several books and numerous articles. She has helped found the Gender Institute of the French Centre for
National Scientific Research (CNRS), of which she was the Codirector for four years, until 2016. She is the
Editor-in-Chief of the journal Cahiers du genre.

Pearl Morey (University of Medicine in Marseille)
Pearl Morey has a doctorate in sociology. She defended her dissertation last December
entitled “Safe freedom”; confronting the promises of location tracking technology in
French nursing homes in the light of nursing care ethical challenges. Her thesis was
supervised by Catherine Le Galès (Inserm, Cermes3) and Marc Bessin (CNRS, Iris)
at the advanced school École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales at Paris.
Her thesis was funded by Alzheimer’s research funding (Fondation Plan Alzheimer
et Fondation Médéric Alzheimer). By focusing on technological devices, she explores
moral tensions that arise within the ethics of care and more specifically, the tension
between residents’ freedom of movement and their personal safety as guaranteed
by institutions and health professionals. Since September, she teaches sociology at
the University of Medicine in Marseille (in the south of France). Since 2013, she coordinates a group of young
researchers in the humanities and social sciences working on aging (Vieillissement&Société).

Yasuhiro Nakanishi (Nara Medical University)
Mr. Yasuhiro Nakanishi is a Ph.D. candidate in the Graduate School of Medicine atNara Medical University, Japan, majoring in Public Health, and also an instructor for
consultation and lectures on hospital management at Tokyo Metropolitan GeriatricMedical Center. He will become a research fellow at the Department of Health andWelfare Services, National Institute of Public Health, from April 2021. He has been
studying healthcare and long-term care expenditures and actual cases of healthservices coverage using big data of national health and long-term care insurance
claims. Specifically, he focuses on analyzing the expenditures and cases ofcentenarians. He also has more than ten years of experience in hospital management
as an administrative staff member at Nara Medical University Hospital. He has been
researching hospital administration and healthcare finance, conducting the analysis for topics such as profit
and loss related to drugs, labor costs of healthcare personnel, operation and management of operating rooms,
and nosocomial infection control projects from the perspective of hospital management. He has also been
engaged in research on the influence of overtime regulations for physician personnel retention and healtheconomics. He is a member of the Japanese Society of Public Health, the Japan Association for Medical
Informatics, the Society for Clinical Epidemiology, and the Gerontological Society of America.

Toshiyuki
Medicine)

Ojima(Hamamatsu

University

SchoolofDr. Toshiyuki OJIMA is the Chair and Professor of Department of Community Healthand Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan. After his
carrier as a general physician and a director of a public health center, he has worked
in medical schools in the field of public health and epidemiology. He has been involved
in research about health expectancy, and was a member of Joint Action European
Health and Life Expectancy Information System (JA-EHLEIS) (2012-2014). Moreover,he has been conducting research on long-term care prevention as a member of Boardof Japan Agency for Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES). His current study field
include disaster preparedness and COVID-19 measures in public health centers andlocal governments. He is a President of Tokai Public Health Association, former President of Japan Society
for Mixed Methods Research, Board member of Japan Epidemiological Association, and Board member ofJapanese Society of Public Health.

Marielle Poussou-PlesseFranche-Comté)(UniversityofBourgogne-

Marielle Poussou-Plesse, PhD, is a sociologist researcher, assistant professor at
Université de Bourgogne (France). Over the past decade, she has mainly worked on
longevity at work in connection with the successive reforms of the French pension
system and has conducted surveys in various sectors (IT, craft sector, agri-foodindustries). In particular, she has studied the public problem of occupational “hardship”(“pénibilité”), which has been addressed in France to compensate for a loss of healthy
life expectancy. She has observed how occupational health public policies could haveambiguous effects on companies’ innovation processes by fostering more automation
and/or more concern for the improvement of working conditions. She has also worked
on volunteerism in retirement in France and in a European comparative perspective. She is co-director (withOlivier Giraud) of the research network Social protection, Social policies and Solidarity of AFS (the FrenchSociological Association). Shecurrently collaborates with the research departments of the Ministry of Labor
and the Ministry of Social Affairs as a member of scientific evaluation committees. She has just started aninvestigation as a part of an ANR project on the place of technological tools in the functioning of social healthcare institutions during the first Covid-19 lockdown in France.

Jean-Marie Robine (INED, INSERM, EPHE)Prof Jean-Marie Robine is an Emeritus Research Professor at INSERM, the French
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), within the CERMES3
Research group in Paris and the MMDN Lab in Montpellier where he heads theresearch team Biodemography of longevity and vitality. He is also an Emeritus
Professor at the advanced school École pratique des hautes études (EPHE) in Paris.
He studies human longevity, with the aim of understanding the relations between
health and longevity. In particular, he measures the impact that the increase in adultlife durations may have on the health status of the elderly population. In his mostrecent work, he takes into accounting the climate changes. Since its creation in 1989,
he has been the coordinator of the International Network on Health Expectancy(REVES), which brings together more some 200 researchers worldwide. He is co-responsible for thedevelopment of the International Database on Longevity (IDL) in association with the Max Planck Institute for
Demographic Research (Rostock) and INED (Paris). He is the project leader of the healthy longevity project
granted by AXA Research Fund: the Five-Country Oldest Old Project (5-COOP). He is also advisor to the
Director of INED, the French National Institute on Demographic Studies (INED) on longevity and ageing issues.
He was the project leader of the European Joint Action EHLEIS (2011-2014) which provided analysis of
disability-free life expectancies in the European Union and part of the BRIDGE-Health project (2015-2017)
which aimed to prepare the transition towards a sustainable and integrated EU health information system. He
was one of the Directors of the French Research Consortium on ageing and longevity (GDR CNRS 3662,
2014-2017) which prepared the way for ILVV, the French Institut de la Longévité, des Vieillesses et duVieillissement.

Yasuhiko Saito (Nihon University)
Yasuhiko Saito is a Professor at the College of Economics and the Deputy Director ofPopulation Research Institute at Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan. His specializations
are in demography and gerontology, and he has been working on population aging
and health issues in both developed and developing countries. Currently, he is runninga nationally representative longitudinal surveys on aging and health in the Philippines
and Vietnam.

Haruki Sawamura (École Polytechnique)
Haruki Sawamura est doctorant à l'Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (i3), Centre
de la Recherche en Gestion (CRG) de l'Ecole Polytechnique. Son sujet de recherche
concerne la diffusion des véhicules électriques (VE) dans les villes indiennes. Il
travaille avec un fabricant d'équipement d'origine (OEM) automobile français et avec
un prestataire de services de mobilité utilisant des VE dans les villes indiennes. Ses
recherches portent plus particulièrement sur l'innovation dans les modèles d'affaires,
sur l'écosystème de l'innovation et la capacité dynamique. Il a obtenu un masterdu Département de gestion de la technologie pour l'innovation (TMI), de l'Écoled'ingénierie de l'Université de Tokyo et d'une licence du Département de physiqueappliquée, de l'École des sciences avancées et d'ingénierie de l'Université de Waseda.

Katsunori Shimohara (Doshisha University)
Katsunori Shimohara, Dr. Eng., born in 1952, graduated from Kyushu University,
Fukuoka, Japan, in 1978. From 2001 to 2006, he was Director of the Network
Informatics Labs. and the Human Information Science Labs., Advanced
Telecommunications Research Institute (ATR) International, Kyoto, Japan. He iscurrently a Professor at the Department of Information Systems Design, and the
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan. His
research interest includes creative and imaginative communications between not only
humans but also humans, tangible and intangible artifacts by using evolutionary
computation and technology. He is now working on system design of community

focusing on relationality that people naturally generate through interactions between other people, tangible
and intangible things in community, boundary and relationality perspective systems approach to System of
Systems, and human robot/agent interactions.

Madoka Takahara (Muroran Institute of Technology)
Madoka Takahara received the Ph.D. degree from Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan,
in 2018. She has worked for Doshisha University (2018-2020), Sleep and Circadian
Neurobiology Laboratory, Stanford Center for Sleep Science and Medicine (20192020). Currently, she is an assistant professor at Muroran Institute of Technology,
Hokkaido, Japan. Her field of expertise is Human system Interaction. She is interested
in Improving sleep quality using IoT technology. Her current research focuses on
biofeedback and information-sharing between people and their relatives effectpeople’s sleep quality.

Virginie Troit (Fondation Croix-Rouge française)
Virginie Troit is the Executive Director of the Fondation Croix Rouge française (French
Red Cross Foundation), an initiative dedicated to SHS research in the fields ofhumanitarian and social action since its creation in 2013, following a decade ofexperience in international and local NGOs in Europe, the Middle East and India. She
holds a master's degree in management (Toulouse Business School), a master's
degree in political science (Panthéon-Sorbonne), an inter-university diploma in ethics(Faculty of Medicine, University of Aix-Marseille) and is pursuing her research ininternational relations at CERI (Sciences-Po/CNRS). She is a member of theInternational Humanitarian Studies Association and of the journal Alternatives
Humanitaires.

James Wright (The Alan Turing Institute)
Dr James Wright is a Research Associate at The Alan Turing Institute, the UK’s
national institute for data science and AI, where he works on PATH-AI: Mapping an
Intercultural Path to Privacy, Agency, and Trust in Human-AI Ecosystems, a joint
project with RIKEN, Japan’s largest comprehensive research institution. The projectstudies the values of privacy, agency, and trust from a comparative and intercultural
perspective looking at both Japan and the UK, with an initial focus on digital contact
tracing apps used during the COVID-19 pandemic. James’ PhD in anthropology andscience and technology studies (STS) at the University of Hong Kong, completed in2018, looked at the development and attempted implementation of care robots inJapan, and involved 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork in Japan. This work formed
the basis of his upcoming book, due to be published in 2021 by Cornell University Press. Before joining The
Alan Turing Institute, James was a Research Associate on the Sustainable Care programme at the Universityof Sheffield, where he examined how digital technologies are transforming adult social care in the UK, andwhat potential they hold for the future. He was also a postdoctoral fellow at the Fondation France-Japon, partof the École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS) in Paris, where he worked on a comparative
study of Japanese and European publicly funded care robot projects.

Satoko Yoshida (Doshisha University)
Satoko Yoshida is a doctoral student, Graduate School of Science and Engineering,
Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan. Her research interest is to explore a new possibility
in reading, especially communications between a reader and a book. She focuses
on a role of reading notes as media mediating interactions between them. She iscurrently working on research on extracting a reader’s interest in a book by using
gaze information that a reader naturally generates during reading, and achieving
automatic reading notes creation based on the extracted data.