Asiatic Herpetological Research

December 1993

HerpetogeographicalVol. 5, pp. 127-136J

Map of Turkmenistan

SAHAT SCHAMMAKOV, CHARI. ATAEV, AND ELDAR. A. RUSTAMOV
Instituteof Zoology, Turkmenistan Academy of Sciences, Azadi Street 6, 744000 Ashgabad, Turkmenistan

Abstract. -The herpetological map presented in this paper shows the distribution and abundance of the
The country is divided into 17 complexes and the 84 species and subspecies

reptiles of Turkmenistan.

found in Turkmenistan are listed as occurring in mountains, plains, or both.

Key words:

Reptilia, Turkmenistan, biogeography, distribution.

Introduction

Field data,

In the mid-1960's biogeography entered
a

new

state

of development with theofecosystems mapping
practice(Chyel'tsov-Bebutov, 1963, 1964, 1970,
We do not here discuss the1976).
principles of the preparation andclassification of geographical maps whichWe

candepict animal population areas.
only note that they make-up the series ofsections

included inmanyatlases.

Specialintegrated

surveysand Chibisova,
1976;(Chel'tsov
Chel'tsov-Bebutov et al., 1972) have dealt
with them as well. Nevertheless, the above
mentioned maps were prepared for birds
and mammals. Until now there have beenno geographical maps (as geographicalscience visualized these) which present theregional

quantitative proportions of reptiles in the

animalkingdom of any region(Chel'tsov-Bebutov and Chibisova, 1976).
total

gathered throughout thewhole Turkmenistan during 1960-1985(Schammakov, 1981; Ataev, 1985), served
as the main sources for this map. Other
data were obtained from literature(Rustamov, 1966, 1981; Ataev, 1975;
Rustamov and Schammakov, 1982; Ataev,
Rustamov and Schammakov, 1985;
Rustamov and Shcherbak, 1986; Makeev etal., 1988). Topographic maps on the scaleof 1:1,000,000 and 1:500,000 were usedas the cartographic basis.

The taxonomic generalization level of theshown on the map
were dependent on both its scale and ananalysis of data gathered by Ataev andtopological contours

Schammakov, unfortunately, apart, not in
assemblage, with the zoogeographicalsurvey of the country by Rustamov. A
the whole complex of afurther point:
habitat and the animal population, which itsupports, was taken as a unit undergone tozoogeographical

The three authors of this article (Ataev,
Rustamov, and Shammakov, 1989) createda color version of the HerpetogeographicalMap of Turkmenistan in 1989.

It

was

1989 at the All-Union Seminarwiththe animal kingdom
dealingregistration and cadastre (in Ufa), theZoological Section of the Moscow
Naturalists Society (in Moscow) and thepresented in

Vll-thAll-Union
Herpetological
Conference (in Kiev). This article presents
a black and white version of the map,
giving no consideration to color qualitative
background, on the scale 1:2,000,000, to
be included into the Turkmen SSR
Geographical Atlas (Fig. 1).

© 1993 by Asiatic Herpetological Research

mapping (Chel'tsov-

Bebutov, 1963, 1964, 1976).

We tried tosingle out the larger habitats at a level of an
ecosystem (landscape or land system,
according to Christian, 1975), not of theland unit, which is in close correlation withboth the chosen scale and the content of therest of the maps belonging to the Nature

Division of the Atlas.

The map scale

provoked the necessity to single out suchcomplexes of the reptiles population
territorial aggregation, which should begrouped into a definite unity with regard toboth common conditions of the habitats (theintegral components of which are thoseaggregations) and the dominant species
prevailing in number. A total of 17
complexes as such were revealed. Thus,

Vol.

5, p.

Asiatic Herpetological Research128

the map was build up on consideration of
the habitats of reptiles and their species

composition and density. Any territorialdifferentiation not proved by distinctions in
the reptile population
taken into account.

was not, as a rule,

on

the

basis

December 1993ofcommon ecosystems

availability within the compared habitats.
Those (groups) are:plain-desert (4habitats), flood-plain valley (7), piedmontsemi-desert(3),

and mountain-arid(3).

The vertical columns present the territorial
units obtained as a result of geographical

The reptile fauna of the Turkmenistan(Table 1) includes 78 species (84subspecies) which belong to 2 orders and
14 families.
The fauna consists of 3
species (3 subspecies) of tortoises, 47 (51)The
lizards, and 28 (30) snakes.
information on the reptiles species andpopulation quantities distributed throughevery complex is placed in a special tablethat is not given in the atlas, as well as the
Table 1, because of the lack of space. One
needs this table because the map contours
contain no concrete figures on the generaldensity and species number of reptiles.
The reptile populations are characterized

only according to their appropriate
abundance levels. This is quite enough for

examining the general content of the map.

we provide herpetologists
using this map with more concrete figures(Table 2).
Reptile distributions, their
Nevertheless,abundance, and correlation are dependent
upon habitats diversity as well as the faunarichnessand specific ecologico-geographical peculiarities (Rustamov,
1966, 1981; Ataev, 1975; Rustamov andSchammakov, 1982). This, in turn, forms
thephysiognomy of

the

17

territorial

herpetological complexes.

To optimize

the reptiles population
thecharacteristics,
map legend was madeup of 2 parts:

the table (placed at theandthe text. In addition, theSupplement)
insets give information on the faunacomposition and contain the out-scale signs

characterizing the loci of the habitats.

The

tables series are arranged according to theprinciple that permitted us to depict the
territorial structure of herpetologicalcomplexes, although the map scale andcontent give no possibility to illustrate themorphological specification of the habitats

regionalization that, in our case, merely

boundaries
of
the
Such
units
of theherpetocomplexes.
regionalization scheme (zoogeographicalgroundtheregions) within Turkmenistan include: 1
area, 1 sub-area, 3 provinces, 4 districts, 6
regions and 10 sections (Rustamov andScherbak, 1986).

The text of the legend gives the reptile
population characteristics for every habitat
gone into either complex. In front of thelatter's

name there is a circle under thecorrespondent number, the color map has
qualitative background representing thecomplex. The latter's name is followed by
the species number and the animals total
density index (individuals per ha). The textof the legend is reduced in this article as theabundance indices are brought out in thespecial table (see Table 2).
Further reptile population characteristics
for every complex are presented withspecies numeration of a fixed sequence:

species which use large areas arethen the stenotypic ones, which areconfined to individual, smaller habitats
within a contour.
For example, clay
surface, solonchaks, construction sites,
first

listed,etc., which are evidently differentiated dueto their decreased sizes. The species names
are arranged one after another according todecreasing population number within the
habitat, of which a brief description is

given immediately prior to the species
enumeration (see the text of the legend).
The dominant species are followed by (1),the codominant ones by (2), and the minor
species by (3). The dominant species aredefined by us as those whose number isover 10 per hectare, codominant species
from two to nine per hectare, and minorForoccupied by these complexes.
example, the table-legend horizontal
columns present the main groups of thespecies only one per hectare.

territorial herpetological complexes revealed

territorialThus, the map shows the herpetologicalcomplexes differentiatedAsiatic Herpetological Research

December 1993

Vol. 5, p. 129

reptiles population richness throughout theaccording to their species composition, totalabundance and dominance levels (withregard to the species number) as well as
principle features of the territory's

country. The present map can serve as thedata source to evaluate the actual situation
with the Turkmenistan reptile resources, ormorphology and its ecosystems structure,toincluding the pattern of soils and vegetation
cover.

Mapping had proved to be the mosteffective means to manifest and analyze theelaborate the practical measures on
resource use and conservation. The map
can be a help to anybody who will create
new, more detailed, large-scaled
herpetological maps of either Turkmenistan
or any other country.

TABLE 1. Reptiles of Turkmenistan. Su- USSR Red Data Book; T- Turkman SSR Red Data Book.
Mountains

PlainsMountains& Plains
Order Testudines+++

Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Mauremys caspica (Gmelin, 1774)
Agrionemys horsfieldi (Gray, 1844)
Order Squamata
Suborder Sauria

+
+
+
+
+
+
+

Phrynocephalus helioscopus helioscopusPaWas, 1771
P. interscapularis Lichtenstein, 1858
P. maculatus Anderson, 1872 (Su, T)
P. mystaceus mystaceus Pallas, 1776
P. raddei raddei Boettger, 1888
P. r. boettgeri Bedriaga, 1905
P. reticulatus reticulatus Eichwald, 1831

P. r. bannikovi Darevsky, Rustamov et Schammakov,

1976

+
+

P. rossikowi rossikowi Nikolsky, 1899(Su, T)

P. r. schammakowi Szczerbak et Golubev 1979, (Su, T)+

Stellio caucasius caucasius

Stellio c. triannulatus Ananjeva et Ataev,

1984

S.

chernovi (Ananjeva, Peters et Rzepakovsky, 1981)
erythrogaster Nikolsky, 1896

S.

lehmanni Strauch, 1896

S.

Trapelus sanguinolentus aralensis (Lichtenstein, 1823)
Pseitdopus apodus apodus Pallas, 1775
Alsophylax laevis Nikolsky, 1907 (Su, T)
A. loricatus szczerbaki Golubev et Sattorov, 1979 (Su, T)
A. pipiens (Pallas, 1814) (T)Bunopus tuberculatus Blanford, 1874 (Su, T)
Crossobamon eversnumni (Wiegmann, 1834)
Cyrtopodion caspius caspius Eichwald, 1831
C. fedtschenkoi (Strauch,887)
C. longipes microlepis Lantz, 1918 (Su, T)
C. russowi (Strauch, 1887)
C. spinicauda (Strauch, 1887) (Su, T)
C. turcmenicus (Szczerbak, 1978) (Su, T)
Eublepharis turcmenicus Darevsky, 1977 (Su, T)
Teratoscincus scincus scincus Schlegel, 1858
1

+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+

+
+

+
+
+

Vol.

5, p.

Asiatic Herpetological Research

130

December 1993

+
+

-

-

+

-

-

+
+

Eremias arguta uzbekistanica Chernov, 1934 (T)-E. grammica (Lichtenstein, 1823)-

E. intermedia (Strauch, 1876)

K lineolata (Nikolsky, 1896)
E. nigrocellata Nikolsky,-

1896 (T)

-

+
+

1874
E. regeli Bedriaga, 1905 (T)

-

-

-

-

1867
E. strauch i kopetdaghica Szczerhak, 197 1
E. velox velox Pallas, 1771
Lacerta raddei raddei Boettger, 1892 (T)L. strigata Eichwald, 1 83 1
Mesalina guttulata wotsonana Stoliczka, 1872
Ablepharus deserti Strauch, 1868

-

+

+

-

-

-

+

-

-

+

-

+

-

-

+

E. persica Blanford,

E. scripta scripta Strauch,

-

+

+

-

-

+

-

-

Eumeces schneideri princeps Eichwald, 1839--

E. taeniolatus taeniolatus Blyth, 1854

-

-

+
+
+

-

+

-

A. pannonicus (Lichtenstein, 1 823)
Chalcides ocellatas ocellatus Forskal, 1775 (Su, T)

Mabuya aurata septemtaeniata Reuss, 1 834
Ophiomorus chernovi Anderson et Leviton 1966 (Su, T)
Varanus griseus caspius Eichwald, 1831 (Su, T)+-

Suhorder Serpentes+

Eryx elegans (Gray, 1849) (Su, T)
1773

-

+

1915 (T)Boiga trigonatum melanocephalia Annandale, 1904 (Su, T)
Coluber caspius Gmelin, 1789 (T)C. karelini karelini Brandt, 1838
C. najadum najadum Eichwald, 1831 (T)C. ravergieri Menetries, 1 832
rhodorhachis rhodorhachis (Jan, 1865)
C. r. ladacensis (Anderson, 1871)
Eirenis medus (Gernov, 1949)
Elaphe dione (Pallas, 1773)
E. quatuorlineata sauromates Pallas, 1814 (T)Lycodon striatus bicolor Nikolsky, 1903 (Su, T)
Lythorhynchus ridgewayi Boulenger, 1887 (Su, T)
Natrix natrix persa Pallas, 1814
N. tessellata (Laurenti, 1768)
Oligodon taeniolatus (Jordan, 1853) (Su, T)
Psammophis lineolatum (Brandt, 1838)
P. schokari schokari Forskal, 1775
Pseudocyclophis persicus persicus Anderson, 1872
Ptyas mucosus nigric ans Cernov, 1949 (Su, T)
Spalerosophis diadema schiraziana Jan, 1865
Telescopus rhynopoma (Blanford, 1874) (Su, T)
Agkistrodon halys caraganus Eichwald, 1 83 (T)A. h. caucasicus Nikolsky, 1916 (T)Naja oxiana (Eichwald, 1831) (Su, T)
Typhlops vennicularis Menem, 1820
Echis multisquamatus Cherlin, 1981
Wipera lebetina turanica Cernov, 1940

+

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

+

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

E. miliaris miliaris Pallas,

E. tataricus specious Tsarevsky,

C

1

+
+

+
+
+

+
-

+

-

+

+

-

-

+

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

+

+
-

+

+
+
-

-

-

-

+

-

-

+

+
+

+

+

-

-

+

-

-

-

+

-

-

+

December 1993

Asiatic Herpetological ResearchVol. 5, p. 131

TABLE 2. Abundance and proportions of ecologico-systematic groups within the territorial complexes of
Turkmenistan. 1*- species number; 2*- individuals per hectare.
Systematic groups and abundanceComplexes
1.

SauriaTestudines

%

Total

Scrpentes

%

1

%

Vol.

5, p.

Asiatic Herpetological Research132

December 1993

South-Ustjurt Complex

1.

— Cyrtopodion caspius(1), Eremias intermedia (2),Trapelus sanguinolenta (2), Agrionemys horsfieldi (2), Eryx miliaris (2), Psammophis lineolatum (2),Coluber karelini (3), Spalerosophis diadema (3). Clay, crushed-stone and solonchak habitats
Phrynocephalus helioscopus (2). Sandy and clay Varanus griseus (3), Naja oxiana (3), Boiga trigonatum(3), Agkistrodon halys (3). Clay
Cyrtopodion russowi (2). Sandy Phrynocephalus inter scapularis (1),

Various types of northwestern Turkmenistan deserts

—

—

—

—

Teratoscincus scincus (1), Crossobamon eversmanni (2), Eremias grammica (2), Eremias scripta (2),Phrynocephalus mystaceus (2).
2.

Caspian Complex—

Various types of eastern Caspian deserts Cyrtopodion caspius(2), Eryx miliaris (2), Coluber karelini (3),Eremias intermedia (2), Eremias velox (2), Trapelus sanguinolentus (2), Agrionemys horsfieldi (2), £c/;/.v
multisquamatus (2), Psammophis lineolatum (2), £c/!/5 multisquamatus (2), Sandy, clay and solonchak
habitats
Eremias lineolata (2). Clay, crushed stone and solonchak Phrynocephalus helioscopus (2).
Sandy, clay and construction sites Eumeces schneideri (2), Coluber rhodorhachis (3), Varanus griseus (3),Mi/a oxiana (3), Boiga trigonatum (3). Sandy and clay Agkistrodon halys (3). Sandy and crushed stone
Phrynocephalus reticulums (1). Sandy and on construction sites Coluber ravergieri (3). Clay and on
construction sites
Mabuya aurata (2). Sandy Phrynocephalus interscapularis (1), Teratoscincus scincus

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(1), Crossobamon eversmanni (3), Eremias grammica (3), Eremias scripta (3), Phrynocephalus mystaceus(3). Clay
Elaphe quatuorlineata (3). Solonchak Lythorhynchus ridgewayi (3). By water bodies Natnx

—

—

—

tessellata (3).

i.

Various types of Karakum deserts

Karakum Complex— Cyrtopodion russowi(2),

Cyrtopodion caspius (2), Agrionemys

horsfieldi (2),Eryx miliaris (2),Coluber karelini (3), Eremias grammica (2),Trapelus sanguinolentus (2),Psammophis lineolatum (2), Eremias velox (2), Echis multisquamatus (2), Ecto multisquamatus (2),—Spalerosophis diadema (3). Sandy, clay and solonchak habitats Phrynocephalus raddei (2), Eremias
grammica (2). Clay, crushed stone and solonchak Phrynocephalus helioscopus (2). Sandy, clay and on
Eumeces schneideri (2), Coluber rhodorhachis (3), Varanus griseus (3), Naja oxiana (3),construction sites(3).
Sandy, less common crushed stone Phrynocephalus reticulums (1). Sandy, clay,
Bo/^a trigonatum
Mesalina guttulata (2). Sandy and on construction sites Coluber ravergieri
less common crushed stone(3). Clay and crushed stone
Lythorhynchus ridgewayi (3). Clay and on construction sites Mabuya
aurata (2). Sandy Phiynocephalus interscapularis (I), Teratoscincus scincus (1), Crossobamon eversmanni

—

—

—

—
—

—

—

(2), Eremias grammica (2), Eremias scripta (2), Phrynocephalus mystaceus (2),4.

—Vipera lebetina (2).

Sundukli Complex— Cyrtopodion caspius(I), Eremias intermedia (2),Trapelus
sanguinolentus (2),Agrionemys horsfieldi (2),Eryx miliaris (2), Psammophis lineolatum (2),Coluber
karelini (3), Spalerosophis diadem (3). Sandy, clay and solonchak habitats
Phrynocephalus raddei(2), Eremias lineolata (2),Eremias velox (2),Cyrtopodion russowi (2),Echis multisquamatus (2). Clay,
Varanus griseus (?>),Najacrushed-stone and solonchak)Phiynocephalus helioscopus (2). Sandy and clay
oxiana (3), Boiga trigonatumO). Sandy Phrynocephalus interscapularis (1), Teratoscincus scincus (1),
Crossobamon eversmanni (2), Eremias grammica (2), Eremias scripta (2), Phrynocephalus mystaceus (2).
Crushed stone Cyrtopodion fedtschenkoi (2).

Various types of Sundukli massif deserts

—

—
—

—

—

5.

Sarykamysh Complex—

Various habitats of the Sarykamysh Depression Coluber karelini (3), Eremias velox (2), Trapelus
sanguinolentus (2), Agrionemys horsfieldi (2), Cyrtopodion caspius (2), Psammophis lineolatum (2), Eryx
miliaris (2), Spalerosophis diadema (3), Varanus griseusO). Sandy, clay and solonchak habitats
Eremiasgrammica (2). Sandy, clay, solonchak and on construction sites Cyrtopodion russowi (2). Clay, crushedstone and solonchak
Phiynocephalus helioscopus (2). Sandy, clay and solonchak Eremias lineolata (2).
andon
Sandy, clay
irrigated lands)
Agkistrodon halys (3). Sandy Phrynocephalus interscapularis (1),Teratoscincus scincus (1), Crossobamon eversmanni (2), Eremias grammica (2), Phrynocephalus mystaceus

—

—

—

—

—

—

Asiatic Herpetological Research

December 1993

(2). Solonchak habitats, along collectors and canals, in settlements
and water bodies; Natrix tessellata (2).

—6.

Various habitats of Western Uzboi Valley

Vol. 5, p. 133—Elaphe dione(3).

On irrigated lands

Uzboi Complex— Coluber karelini

Cyrtopodion caspius (2), Agrionemys
miliahs (2),Psammophis lineolatum (2), Spalerosophis diadema (3), Coluber rhodorhachis (3), Varanus griseus (3),Naja oxianaO). Sandy, clay, solonchak and on construction sites Cyrtopodion russowi (2). Sandy, clay,solonchak and crushed-stone Eremias intermedia (2). Flood-plain, clay and on construction sites
Mabuya aurata (2). Clay, crushed-stone and solonchak Phrynocephalus helioscopus (2). Sandy, clay andsolonchak Phrynocephalus raddei (2), Eremias lineolata (2). Flood plain Emys orbicularis (2). Sandy
Phrynocephalus interscapularis (1), Teratoscincus scincus (1), Crossobamon eversmanni (2), Eremias(3),

horsfieldi (2), Trapelus sanguinolentus (2), Eremias velox (2), Echis multisquamatus (2), Eryx

—

—

—

—

—
—

—

scripta (2), Eremias grammica (2), Phrynocephalus mystaceus (2).
7.

Atrek-Sumbar Complex—

Various habitats of Atrek and Lower Sumbar valleys Trapelus sanguinolentus (2), Eremias velox (2)Agrionemys horsfieldi (2), Echis multisquamatus (2), Eumeces schneideri (2), Cyrtopodion caspius (2),Coluber karelini (3), Elaphe dione (3), Varanus griseus (3),Psammophis lineolatum (2), Spalerosophis—

diadema (3), Boiga trigonatum (3). Flood plains and irrigated lands Natrix natrix (2), Natrix tessellata (2),Ablepharus pannonicus (2), Coluber caspius (3). Sandy, clay, crushed stone, and solonchak habitats
Eremias intermedia (2), Eryx miliahs (2). Clay, crushed-stone and solonchak Phrynocephalus raddei (2).
Emys orbicularis
Clay, crushed-stone and solonchak Phrynocephalus helioscopus (2). By water bodies
eversmanni
Crossobamon
scincus(2).
Teratoscincus(1),(2), Mauremys caspica (2). Sandy

—

—
—

8,

—

—

Tedzhen-Hauzkhan Complex—

Various habitats of Tedzhen Valley and Hauzkhan Massif Eremias velox (2), Natrix tessellata (2),
Eumeces schneideri (2),Trapelus sanguinolentus (2), Agrionemys horsfieldi (2), Echis multisquamatus (2),Varanus griseus (3),oxianarhodorhachis(3),
karelini(3), Naja0),Coluber
Mabuya aurata (2), Coluber

Coluber ravergieri (3), Cyrtopodion caspius (2), Psammophis lineolatum (2), Boiga trigonatum (3), Vipera
lebetina (2), Eumeces taeniolatus (3), Spalerosophis diadema (3), Eryx miliahs (2), Eremias intermedia (2).
Phrynocephalus raddei (2), Eremias lineolata (2). Clay, crushed-stone
clay and solonchak habitats
Sandy,—and solonchak— Phrynocephalus helioscopus (2). Sandy and clay—Mesalina guttulata (3). Sandy—
Phrynocephalus interscapularis(l), Phrynocephalus mystaceus (2), Eremias grammica (2). Clay
Lytorhynchus hdgewayiO).

—

9.

Murgab Complex

Various habitats of the Murgab Valley— Eremias velox (2), Trapelus sanguinolentus (2), Agrionemys
Eumeces schneideri (2), Psammophis
horsfieldi (2), Cyrtopodion caspius (2), Echis multisquamatus (2),lineolatum (2), Vipera lebetina (2), Mabuya aurata (2), Coluber karelini (3), Coluber rhodorhachis (3),Varanus griseus (3), Naja oxiana (3), Spalerosophis diadema (3), ftya5 mucosus (3), flo/ga trigonatum (3).
On flood-plains and irrigated lands—Ablepharus deserti (1), Ablepharus pannonicus (2), Atom* tessellata
habitats— Eremias intermedia (2),(2), Eumeces taeniolatus (3). Sandy, clay, crushed-stone and solonchak
Eryx miliahs (2). Sandy, clay, solonchak habitats and on construction sites— Cyrtopodion russowi (2).
lineolata (2). Sandy—
Sandy, clay and solonchak habitats— Phrynocephalus raddei (2), Eremias
eversmanni(2). Clay—
Crossobamon
scincusTeratoscincus
(I),
(1),
Phrynocephalus interscapularis

Lythorhynchus hdgewayi (3).
/0.

A/nu Darya Complex

Various habitats of the Amu Darya Valley—Ablepharus deserti (1), Eremias velox (2), Natrix tessellata (2),£cto multisquamatus
Trapelus sanguinolentus (2), Agnortemy.? horsfieldi (2), Cyrtopodion caspius (2),lineolatum (2), V/pera lebetina (2), Eumeces schneideri (2), Mabuya aurata (2), Coluber(2),

Psammophis

karelini (3), Spalerosophis diadema (3), Varanus griseus (3), My'a ox/ana (3), Coluber ravergieh,0), Elaphe

dione (3), flo/ga trigonatum (3) Agkistrodon halys (3), Eumeces taeniolatus (3). Sandy, clay, crushed-stoneand solonchak habitats— £ryx miliahs (2), Eremias grammica (2). Clay, crushed stone and solonchak—Asiatic Herpetological ResearchVol. 5, p. 134

December 1993—

Phrynocephalus helioscopus (2). Sandy, clay and crushed stone Phrynocephalus raddei(2), Eremias
lineolata(2). Sandy and crushed stone
Phrynocephalus reticulatus(l). Clay and crushed stone
Lythorhynchus ridgewayi (3). Construction sites Cyrtopodion fedtschenkoi (2).

—

77.

—

—

Kopetdag Piedmont Anthropogenic Complex—

Mabuya aurata (1), Cyrtopodion caspius (1), Eremias velox(2), NatrLx tessellata (2), Trapelus sanguinolentus (2), Agrionemys horsfiekii (2), Coluber rhodorhachis (3),Coluber ravergieri.O), Naja oxiana (3). In flood-plains of shallow rivers and on construction sites Eryx
Various habitats of Kopetdag piedmont oases

miliaris (2), Echis multisquamatus (2), Spalerosophis diadema (3).

On flood plains—Eremias—

lineolata (2),Lythorhynchus ridgewayi (3).
12.

Kopetdag Piedmont Complex—

Various habitats of the Kopetdag piedmont plain Cyrtopodion caspius (1), Phrynocephalus raddei (2),Phrynocephalus helioscopus (2), Eremias intermedia (2), Eremias lineolata (2), Eremias velox (2),Cyrtopodion russowi (2), Trapelus sanguinolentus (2), Agrionemys horsfieldi (2), Eryx miliaris (2), Echis
multisquamatus (2), Psammophis lineolatum (2), Coluber karelini (3), Spalerosophis diadema (3), Varanus
griseus (3), Naja oxiana (3). Clay and crushed-stone habitats Mabuya aurata (1), Lythorhynchus
ridgewayi (3). Sandy and clay Mesalina guttulata (2), Boiga trigonalum (3). Clay Pseudocyclophis
Phrynocephalus interscapularis (1), Teratoscincus scincus (1),persicus (3), Eirenis medus (3). Sandy
Crossobamon eversmanni (2), Eremias grammica (2), Eremias scripta (2), Phrynocephalus mystaceus (2).

—

—

—

—

Kugitang Piedmont Complex

7j.

—

Cyrtopodion caspius (1), Phrynocephalus raddei (2), Eremias
intermedia (2), Phrynocephalus helioscopus (2), Eremias lineolata (2), Eremias velox (2), Trapelus
sanguinolentus (2), Agrionemys horsfieldi (2), £nu miliaris (2), £c/n.t multisquamatus (2), Psammophis
lineolatum (2), Coluber karelini (3), Spalerosophis diadema (3). Clay and crushed-stone habitats
Varamw griseus (3), TVa/a
Cyrtopodion fedtschenkoi (2), Lythorhynchus ridgewayi (3). Sandy and clay
oxiana (3). Boiga trigonalum (3). Sandy Phrynocephalus interscapularis (1), Phrynocephalus mystaceus(2) Eremias grammica (2), Eremias scripta (2).
Various habitats of Kugitang piedmont plain

—

74.

—

—

Badghyz-Karabil Complex—

Various habitats of the Badghyz and Karabil hills Agrionemys horsfieldi (1), Mabuya aurata (2),Cyrtopodion caspius (2), Trapelus sanguinolentus (2), Eremias velox (2), Ablepharus pannonicus (2),,Sre//io erythrogaster (2), Eumeces taeniolatus (2), Eumeces schneideri (2), Pseudophus apodus (3), Vipera
lebetina (3), /Va/a oxiana (3), Psammophis lineolatum (3), Varanus griseus (3), Spalerosophis diadema (3),Coluber ravergieri (3), Coluber rhodorhachis (3). On slopes covered by stones and mud-streams Stellio
caucasius (2), Typhlops vermicularis (3). On bare rocks-outcrops Lycodon striatus (3). On stone
surfaces
Pseudocyclophis persicus (3). On slopes covered by loess and stones Psammophis schokari (3).
Food-plains and mud-streams Eremias persica (2). Mud-streams Oligodon taeniolatus (2). Floodplains——Natrix

—
—

—

—

—

tessellata (3).

75.

Balkhan Complex— Cyrtopodion caspius——

Various habitats of the Great and Small Balkhan Mountains(1), Stellio

caucasius

Trapelus sanguinolentus (2), Eremias velox (2), Agrionemys horsfieldi (2), Coluber rhodorhachis (3),Va/xmi/.? griseus (3). Mud
iVa/fl oxiana (3), Ablepharus pannonicus (3). Piedmonts and inter-ridge hills
lineolatum(3). Inter-ridge hills,
streams, undulated surfaces, piedmonts and inter-ridge hills
Psammophis(2),

piedmonts and construction sites—Spalerosophis diadema
76.

(3).

Kopetdag Mountain Complex—

Various habitats of the Kopetdag Mountains Stellio caucasius (2), Ablepharus pannonicus (2),Agr/onmy.s horsfieldi (2), Coluber rhodorhachis (3), Vipera lebetina (3), /Va/a oxiana (3), Cyrtopodion
caspius (1), Trapelus sanguinolentus (2), Coluber ravergieri (3), Pseudopus apodus (3), Mabuya aurata (1),Eremias strauchi (2), Eremias velox (2), Typhlops vermicularis (2), Eumeces schneideri (2), Eumeces

December 1993

Asiatic

Herpetological Research

COMPLEXES OF THE MODERN REPTILE POPULATION

Vol. 5, p. 135

Vol.

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