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Cramming for success: study andacademic work

1
A

Study and exams
1

Before an exam, some students cram1
for it. Even if you’re a genius2, you’ll
have to do some revision. If the exam
happens every year, you can revise bylooking at past papers3. Some things
can be memorised or learnt (of ) by
heart. But rote-learning4 is not suficientfor most subjects. It is also possible touse mnemonics5. However, all things
considered, the best idea is to bury
yourself in your books6 and to study
intensively7 until you know the subject
inside out8.

B

study in a very concentrated way
for a short time2
an exceptionally clever person
3exam papers from previous years
4
learning purely by repetition
5/niˈmɒnɪks/ tricks that help
you remember something, forexample: ‘i’ before ‘e’ except ater
‘c’ is a mnemonic for English
spelling (e.g. friend, but receive)6
spend the maximum time
studying
7
in a very focused way
8
know it completely

Academic writing
composition could be just 50–100 words, oten used for school work
essay longer than a composition, more serious, hundreds or thousands of words
assignment a long essay, oten part of a course, usually thousands of words
project like an assignment, but emphasis on student’s own material and topic
portfolio a collection of individual pieces of work; may include drawings and other examples ofcreative work as well as writing
dissertation a long, research-based work, perhaps 10–15,000 words, for a degree or diploma
thesis a very long, original, research-based work, perhaps 80–100,000 words, for a higher degree (e.g. PhD)
It’s a good idea to start with a mind map1 when preparing an essay. Always write a first drat2
before writing up the final version. Your essay should be all your own work; plagiarism3 is a very
serious ofence in colleges and universities. It is an increasing problem because it is so easy to cut
and paste from materials available on the internet, and students have to sign a plagiarism form
to say that the work they are handing in is all their own and that they acknowledge4 any sources
they have used. There is usually a deadline5. Ater the essay is submitted6, it will be assessed7
and usually you can get feedback8.
1

diagram that lays out ideas for a topic and how they are connected to one another 2 first, rough version/pledȢərzəm/ using other people’s work as if it was yours 4 give details of 5 date by which you must handin the work 6 handed in; formal 7 evaluated and given a grade 8 comments from the teacher/tutor
3

C

Aspects of higher academic study
1

less formal is do researchmagazines with academic
articles (we do not use
the word magazine to talkabout this kind of academic
publication)3
get hold of (it) on the internet
4
system where libraries
exchange books/journals with
one another2

HOME

FACULTYRESEARCH

University academics carry out research1 and are expected to read academic
journals2, which publish papers/articles on specialised subjects. If a library
does not have a copy of a book or journal, you may be able to access it online3
or you can usually get it through an inter-library loan4. Open educational
resources5 are particularly convenient for many students. Academic study canbe very demanding, and some students drop out6, but the majority survive till
finals7 and become well-qualified8 members of their future professions.

5
online materials that can be freely used by teachers and students anywhere 6 leave the course before theend 7 last exams before the end of a college or university course 8 with the right formal qualifications

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Exercises
1.1

Correct the wrong usage of words to do with written work in these sentences.
1 His PhD assignment was 90,000 words long and was on the history of US place names.
2 Little Martha did her first dissertation in school today. It was called ‘My family’.
3 We have to hand in an essay at the end of the course. It can consist of up to five diferent
pieces of work.
4 The teacher gave us the title of this week’s project today. We have to write 1,000 words on the
topic of ‘If I ruled the world’ and hand it in next Monday.
5 At the end of this course, you have to do a 5,000-word thesis which will be assessed, and thegrade will contribute to your final degree.
6 I think I’ll do a study of people’s personal banking habits for my MSc composition. It has to beabout 12,000 words.
7 I’ve chosen to do the portfolio instead of the two exams, because I like to do one single piece ofwork where I can research something that interests me personally.

1.2

Rewrite this text using words and phrases from the opposite page instead of theunderlined words.
When I’m studying in a very focused way because I’m preparing
hard for an exam, I don’t see any point in looking up exam papers
from previous years, nor is there any point in just learning things bymemory. I know some people develop very clever memory tricks
to help them remember the material, but there’s no real substitutefor rereading and going over the term’s work. It’s a good idea tohave some sort of diagram showing different ideas to organise yourthoughts, and memory-learning is useful, but in a limited way. At theend of the day, you just have to read a huge amount until you feel
you know the subject 100%.

1.3

Answer these questions.
1 What do we call the first attempt at writing something, e.g. an essay?
2 What word means ‘the date by which you must do something’?
3 What word means ‘using someone else’s ideas as if they were yours’?
4 What are more formal words for ‘to hand in’ and for ‘to mark’?
5 What phrasal verb do we use when someone doesn’t complete their course?
6 What is another word for an academic article? Where can you read them?
7 What is the name of the system for getting books from other libraries?
8 What word means ‘the comments you get back from the teacher about your work’?
9 What word can you use for a person who is extraordinarily intelligent?
10 What is a more formal way of saying ‘do research’?

1.4

Choose the best word from the opposite page to complete these sentences.
1 If you quote an article in an essay, you must
your source, giving details of author
and title.
2 Open educationalcan be particularly useful for students who do not have easy
access to a university library.
3 How much
have you done for tomorrow’s maths exam?
4 Don’t forget to sign theform and hand it in with your dissertation.
5 Some people take a long time to find suitable work even though they are very.
6 Orla has had apublished in the British Medical Journal.
7 All students need a username and password to be able tojournals online.
8 Caspar is bound to do well in his mechanics exam – he knows the subject
out.

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Education: debates and issues
A

Opportunity and equality
All education systems may ultimately be judged in terms of equality of opportunity1. This is oten
referred to in the debates over selective2 versus comprehensive3 schooling4. The main issue iswhether everyone has the same opportunities for educational achievement or whether elitism5 of
one sort or another is inherent in6 the system.
League tables7 for schools and colleges may actually help unintentionally to perpetuate8
inequalities, while claiming to promote the raising of standards. Inevitably, league tables divide
educational institutions into good and bad, success and failure, resulting in a two-tier system9,
or at least that is how the public perceives10 it. The ability of better-of11 parents and wellendowed12 schools to push children towards the institutions at the top of the league may, in thelong term, have the efect of depressing13 opportunity for the less well-of14 or for children fromhome environments that do not provide the push and motivation to excel15.
Financial support of diferent kinds can help to make educational opportunity more equal. There
are, for example, scholarships16 or bursaries17 that make it possible for less privileged youngsters
to aford tertiary18 education. Student loans19 allow undergraduates20 to pay for their tuition
fees21 and living expenses while they are studying. But few would claim that real equality ofopportunity has been achieved.
1

11

2

12

when everyone has the same chances
pupils are chosen for entry, usually for academic reasons,though, in the case of some private schools, parents’ability to pay school fees may be a factor in selection
3
everyone enters without exams and education is free,
paid for by the government
4
education received at school
5
when you favour a small, privileged group6
existing as a basic part of something
7
lists of schools or colleges, from the best down to
the worst, based on exam results and, sometimes,
other criteria
8
make something continue
9a system with two separate levels, one of which is
better than the other10
sees, considers

B

Other debates and issues
Some people think we should return to anemphasis on the three Rs, the traditional,
basic skills. [reading, writing and arithmetic]
Literacy and numeracy are skills no one
can aford to be without. [the ability to read]richerreceiving a lot of money in grants, gits fromrich people, etc. [= endowments]
13
reducing
14
poorer15
achieve an excellent standard
16
money given to pay for studies, usually provided
on the basis of academic merit
17
money given to pay for studies, usually provided
on the basis of need18
education at university or college level
19
money that students can borrow from a bank while
studying and then pay back once they are in work20
students doing a first degree [postgraduates =students doing a further degree]
21
money paid to receive teaching

Language help
Notice how compound adjectives like well-of,
well-endowed, high-achieving, badly-performing can beused in comparative and superlative forms, e.g. better-of,
best-endowed, higher-achieving, worst-performing.

[the ability to count / do basic maths]

Curriculum reform is oten done forpolitical reasons rather than for good educational ones.
[changes to what is covered in the national syllabus = plan of what is to be studied]
Nowadays, lifelong/continuing education is an issue, and creating opportunities for mature students
is important. [education for all ages] [adult students older than the average student]
Special needs education is expensive because class sizes need to be small or one-to-one. [education forchildren who cannot learn in the normal way, because they have some disability] [one teacher and one pupil, not a group]Children are unhappy at school if there is a lot of bullying. [threatening behaviour]
Some headteachers complain that getting to grips with constant new government guidelines on what
schools should be doing is a distraction from what they ought to be focusing on. [advice (oten oficial)on how something should be done] [takes attention away]
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Exercises
2.1

Complete the collocations by filling in the missing words according to the meaning given
in brackets.
12
3 equality of
4
5

2.2

tables (lists of schools from best to worst)
education (entry to schools is decided by exam results)(when everyone has the same chances)inequalities (make inequalities continue)
education (at university or college level)

Rewrite these sentences so they are more formal by using words and phrases fromthe opposite page instead of the underlined words. Make any other changes thatare necessary.
1 Inequality is built into the education system.
2 Giving access only to privileged groups is bad for the country in the long term.
3 Education where everyone gets into the same type of school without exams is a basic political
ideal in many countries.
4 A system where there are two levels of schools reduces the opportunities for children from poorer
families and favours those from richer families.
5 Some private schools have lots of wealth and receive gits of money, and this means they can havebetter resources.
6 All parents want their children to achieve the best possible results at school.
7 Emphasis on the three Rs is considered by parents to be the key to success.
8 The government is increasing its provision for education that young people can enter ater
finishing secondary school.

2.3

Correct these statements about words or expressions from the opposite page. Correcteach of them twice – once by changing the definition and once by changing the word
being defined.
1 One-to-one education is another way of saying continuing education.

One-to-one education means a situation where there is one teacher and one student.
Lifelong education is another way of saying continuing education.
2 Numeracy refers to the ability to read.
3 A student who is doing a doctorate is an undergraduate.
4 Excelling is when a pupil uses frightening or threatening behaviour towards another child who issmaller or less powerful in some way.
5 Tertiary education is the stage that follows primary education.
6 Comprehensive schools choose the best students to study there.
7 Guidelines list schools from good to bad according to their exam results.

2.4

Complete each sentence with a word from the opposite page.
because of his excellent academic record.
1 Matt won a
2 Zara’s parents said that starting a rock band with her friends would be too much of afrom her studies.
3 The report contains some interestingon how best to prepare for exams.
4 There were two
students in my class at university, but most of us were just 19.
5 Katia wouldn’t have been able to go to university if her grandparents hadn’t paid her tuition
for her.
6 Most undergraduates need to take out a student
to cover their costs while they
study for a degree.
7 Primary schools usually spend a lot of time on theRs.
8 At university I was lucky enough to have a lot oftutorials, just me and the tutor!

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3

Applying for a job
A

A job ad1

FDR BANK Careers

Branches About Us Contact

Customer Service Assistant
Do you have excellent communication skills and a genuine passion for1 customer
service? Are you looking for a challenging2 role within a fast-paced3 working
environment?
FDR Bank has several new openings4 for Customer Service Assistants. Reporting
to5 the Customer Service Manager, you will be responsible for dealing with customer
enquiries on the phone and via email. No previous experience6 is necessary
as full training7 will be given. The post8 offers excellent career prospects9 tocandidates who demonstrate leadership qualities10 as we are keen to promote anddevelop talent within the company.
We offer a competitive salary11 and an attractive beneﬁts package12 including
pension, healthcare plan and subsidised13 meals.
If this sounds like the job for you, then click here to ﬁll in the online application
form, including details of your salary expectations.

B

if you have a passion for something, you like
it very much2
a positive word for something which is
exciting and dificult3
if an environment is fast-paced, things
happen quickly there
4
available jobs
5
if you report to someone, he/she is your boss
6
experience of this type of job from before
7
all the training you need
8job
9
opportunities for promotion and careerdevelopment
10
the ability to lead a group11
as good as, or better than, other salaries for
similar jobs
12
all the extra benefits that a company ofers(as well as a salary)13
partly paid for by the company

A cover letter
You want your application to stand out [be better than others], so you
should include a clear, well-written cover letter1 which highlights key
points from your CV. Here is a letter sent with the application for the job
in A above.
Dear Sir or Madam2

Mentionany studies
or training
courses you
have done
which arerelevant to[connected to]
the role.

If you havepreviousmanagerial
experience,
you can say ‘In
my previous
role as (SalesManager), I
led a team of(four people).’Please find attached my CV in support of
my application for the position of Customer
Service Assistant. I have just completed mydegree in Business Studies and am keen togain hands-on3 experience in this area.
During my course I chose to study several
modules on banking and finance, as I havealways been interested in working in thisfield4. In addition, I have worked as a parttime sales assistant in a large department
store for the last two years. This has given
me valuable customer-facing5 experience, as
well as developing good communication skills
both with customers and the rest of theteam. I am a team player6 and I am keen
to develop my career and gain managerial
experience7 in the future.
Thank you for taking the time to consider
this application and I look forward tohearing from you.

Be sure to
specify thejob you are
applying for at
the beginningof the letter.

It is important
to mention
any relevant
experience
you have, toshow yoursuitability forthe role. If you
can, provide
examples of
specific projects
you havecarried out.
[done]

1a letter sent with a job
application (also called acovering letter)2
how you start a letter
when you do not know thename of the person you
are writing to
3practical, direct (nottheoretical)
4
area of business or activity
5
dealing directly withcustomers
6
a person who is good atworking with others
7
experience of managing
other people8
how you finish a letter
when you do not know thename of the person you
are writing toYours faithfully8
Rebecca White

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Exercises
3.1

Match the two parts of these business collocations from A and B.
1 healthcare
2 team
3 Yours
4 competitive
5 challenging
6 communication
7 online
8 lead9 career
10 cover3.2

a faithfullyb prospects
c pland a team
e application
f roleg letterh playeri skills
j salary

Replace the underlined words with a word or phrase from A or B with a similar meaning.
1 You don’t need to have done this job before.
2 As part of my new job, I get meals partly paid for by the company.
3 It’s really important to make your application look diferent from all the others.
4 Working in the factory over the summer gave me some direct experience of manufacturing.
5 I’m hoping to work in the area of automotive manufacturing.
6 Prism Consulting has a number of positions available for graduates.
7 The ad said the company will provide all the training you need.
8 You should only apply for the job if you have led a team before.
9 The salary isn’t great, but they ofer an attractive set of other advantages.

3.3

Look at A and B. Fill the gaps in these sentences, using a word from the box and a suitablepreposition.
carriedpassionrelevant

reportedrole

suitable

supportmy application for the position of sales team leader.
1 I am sending my CV in
2 I have asales.
3 Jakob’s experience is more
the job than Sylvana’s.
4 In my previous
Sales Representative, I
the Sales Manager.
5 While working as a Customer Service Assistant, I also
some research projects for themarketing department.
6 He only has 6 months’ experience as a trainee. I don’t think that makes him
the jobof quality manager.

3.4

Answer these questions.
1 What do we call a job which deals directly with the customers?
2 How can we describe someone who works well with other people?
3 How should you start a letter to someone whose name you don’t know?
4 What four other words can be used instead of ‘job’ in an advertisement?
5 How can we describe a working environment which is busy and rapidly changing?

3.5

Over to you
Find a job ad that you are interested in and write an example cover letter in English.

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4

Job interviews
A

Preparing for interviews
When companies are recruiting1, they oten have a set of criteria2 (e.g. three years ofexperience in the field, or a degree in a relevant area) which they use to find the most suitable
candidates. If you are shortlisted3 for an interview, make sure you do your homework first:
find out as much as you can about the company, its products, markets, competitors, etc.
If you can, ask a friend to do a trial run4 with you. This will help boost5 your confidence.
The interview may be conducted by a panel [a group of people], probably including your futureline manager6. Don’t forget to make eye contact with all the interviewers while you are talking.
As you arrive for the interview, body language7 is important. Give a firm handshake andspeak up8. This will help to create a good first impression.
1

hiring (new staf) 2 requirements you use to make a decision 3 selected from a larger group 4 a practiceof something new 5 improve or increase 6 the person who is directly responsible for your work 7 physicalmovements which show how you are feeling 8 speak (more) loudly and clearly

B

During an interview
These are examples of things that might be said at a job interview.

A: So, can you talk us through1 your CV?
B: Well, I studied Engineering and then took a job as a trainee2 at F3
Telecom.
A: I’d like to ask about opportunities for professional development3.
B: We have a very good in-house4 training programme for new recruits5.
1

Can you give us an example of how you’ve worked well under pressure?
How would your colleagues / your supervisor6 describe you?
I’m keen to take on7 more responsibility.
A: We’re looking to fill the post8 fairly quickly. If you are successful,how soon could you start?
B: The notice period9 on my present job is just two weeks, so I could
start very soon.

Ctell us about in more detail 2 a person
who is learning a new job 3 training given
to employees to increase their knowledge orskills 4 within the company 5 people whohave just joined (the company) 6 the person
who checks your work 7 start to have 8 findsomeone to do the job 9 time you need towork in your job ater you have oficially told thecompany you are leaving

A job offer
Reply

ForwardDear Mr Malton,
Thank you for attending the interview last week. We very much enjoyed meeting you. We are delighted to offer you
the position of Trainee Programmer. We believe your qualiications and experience will be an ideal it for1 the job.
Please review the attached document outlining2 your salary, beneits (including paid leave3) and reporting
structure4, and sign where indicated. Return the document within ive business days. Once we have received thepaperwork, we will contact you to arrange your start date.
We look forward to welcoming you as part of our team.
Kind regards
Melanie Stephens

141very suitable for3time of you are paid for, such as holiday or parental leave

2

giving an overview of

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Exercises
4.1

Look at A and fill in the tips for a successful interview.
1 Before the interview,
your: find out as much as you can about thecompany and prepare answers to common interview questions.
to practise how you will answer the interview questions.
2 If you can, do a
3 You need to create a goodwith the interviewers. Dress smartly and professionally.
4 Remember that youralso plays an important part. Don’t forget to smile! This will
make you seem more friendly, and might actually
your confidence too.
5 Make sure you greet your interviewer with a. Makewhen you talk tothem – look at them directly.
6 During the interview, describe all your relevant education and experience to show how you
fulfil all thefor the job.

4.2

Choose the correct word from A and B to complete the sentences.
1 I’m afraid you’ll have to speak up / eye up / head up. I can hardly hear what you’re saying.
2 We are taking / recruiting / searching people for our new branch in the city centre.
3 If we can’t fill / fulfil / supply the post internally, we’ll have to advertise externally.
4 If I get the new job, I will have to take up / over / on more responsibility, but I will get asalary increase.
5 I don’t like working under pressure / under stress / by force. I end up making mistakes.
6 As part of the programme of reporting structure / professional development / notice period,
we would like to invite you to a session on project management.

4.3

Rewrite the following sentences using expressions from A, B and C.
1 Could you tell us about your previous experience in this field?
2 I think we should give the job to Ruth. She seems perfectly suited to the team.
3 Employees are entitled to 30 days’ holiday.
4 The group of interviewers will include your future line manager.
5 They just called me to say I have been chosen (as one of the best candidates) for an interview.

4.4

Look at B and C opposite. There is one mistake in each of these sentences.
Correct the mistakes.
1 Please find attached a document overviewing your working conditions.
2 In some companies the leaving period can be as much as six months.
3 I’m going to be working as a superior, in charge of a team of 4 people.
4 The company doesn’t do any in-ofice training. It’s all done externally.
5 My begin date for the new job is 1 July.
6 I’m a trainer accountant. I haven’t passed my qualifying exams yet.

4.5

Over to you• What do you do before a stressful situation to boost your confidence?
• Would you rather have a lot of paid leave or a higher salary?
• Do you work better under pressure? Or do you prefer to have more time?
• Do you enjoy taking on extra responsibility? Or do you find it stressful?

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5

At work: colleagues and routines
A

Colleagues
Philip is my opposite number1 in
the company’s New York ofice. We
have a good working relationship2
and there’s a lot of day-today collaboration3. Having a4
counterpart like Philip in another branch is a great
support. Last month we got a new boss, who quickly
established a good rapport5 with everyone. She
likes us to take the initiative6. The company is veryhierarchical7; there’s a pecking order8 for everything.
I do a job-share9 with a woman called Rose, which suits
us as we each have childcare responsibilities. My oficeuses a hot-desking10 system, so I sit in a diferent place
every day. I socialise with my workmates11 outside ofwork, but we try not to talk shop12 on those occasions.

B

During the day (different work patterns)1

has the same position / does the same job as me
way of communicating and working together
3
working together to achieve shared goals
4
more formal equivalent of opposite number5/ræˈpɔː/ communication/relationship6
make decisions without being told what to do7/ˌhaɪəˈrɑːkɪkəl/ has a structure with importantand less important people
8
a system where some people have the right to getbenefits/promotions before others
9
an agreement where two people each share thesame job
10
a policy of sharing desks in an ofice, so people
sit at whichever desk is free on a particular day
11colleagues you are friendly with (especially in
non-professional occupations); informal
12
talk about work; informal
2

I do fairly mundane1 tasks. Occasionally I have to meet a deadline2 or they needsomeone to volunteer3 for something. Then the job is more rewarding4 andstimulating5. Sometimes I have a heavy workload6 but at other times it can bequite light.
12
3
ordinary, not interesting
have something finished by a fixed day or timeofer to do something without
4
being asked or told to do it
making you feel satisfied that you have done something important or useful, or
56done something wellencouraging new ideas or new thinking
amount of work I have to do

I start work at my machine at seven o’clock when I’m on the day shit. The job’s
mechanical1 and repetitive2. All I ever think about is knocking of3 at three o’clock.
The shit I hate most is the night shit. I start at ten and work till six in the morning.
It’s a bit monotonous4. It’s not a satisfying5 job – I feel I need something a bit morechallenging6.
1

2
you don’t have to think about what you are doing
the same thing is repeated every day
45
finishing work; informal
boring because it never changes(does not) make me feel pleased6by providing what I need or wantthat tests my ability or determination
3

I have a pretty glamorous1 job. I’m a pilot. But the hours are irregular and anti-social2.
I’m not stuck behind a desk3, but long-haul flights can be a bit mind-numbing4; mostof the time the plane just flies itself. We work to very tight schedules5. But I shouldn’t
complain. I feel sorry for people who are stuck in a rut6 or who are in dead-end7 jobs.
12very exciting, which everyone admires
do not enable one to have a normal social life
4
5
desk all day; informal
extremely boring
very strict or severely limited timetables
6
7
stuck/trapped in a job they can’t escape fromwith no prospects of promotion

3

sitting at a

I started of as a technician1. Ater retraining, I worked for a sotware company, and later I
went in with2 a friend and we formed our own sotware company as a start-up3 in 2009,
so now I’m self-employed. My husband is freelance4: he works for several diferent
companies as and when they need work done – he’s a computer programmer5.
1

person whose job involves practical work with scientific or electrical equipment
4
partnership with 3 a small business that has just started
or works freelancecomputer programs

16

2

formed a businesssomeone who writes

5

English Vocabulary in Use Advanced© in this web service Cambridge University Press

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Cambridge University Press
978-1-316-63117-1 — English Vocabulary in Use: Advanced Book with Answers
3rd Edition
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Exercises
5.1

Correct seven mistakes in this paragraph.

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REAL WORKERS, REAL STORIES

more stories about

I’m a tecnician in a factory. I think I have a good work relationshipwith my colleagues. I tried to establish a good report with them fromthe very beginning. The person I like most is my opposite member inour office in Paris. My boss likes me to make the initiative. Generally,
when I socialise with my jobmates outside of work, we try not to talkabout shop, but it’s not easy and sometimes we have a good gossip
about colleagues and events at work.

5.2

Match the let and right-hand columns to make pairs of sentences.
1 We oten work together.
2 The firm’s rather hierarchical.
3 Peter’s my counterpart.
4 We work to a tight schedule.
5 I don’t think I’ll be promoted before her.
6 Jess and I work half-and-half.

5.3

a There are several levels of management.
b Deadlines have to be met.
c It’s a job-share.
d Collaboration is a good thing.
e We do the same job but he’s based in Rome.
f There’s a strict pecking order in the company.

Use words and phrases from the opposite page to complete these sentences.
her and we
1 A good friend suggested we set up a small company together, so I
formed ain 2012.
2 I’m really tired; I’ve had a very heavy
recently.
3 I don’t want an ofice job. I don’t want to spend all day stuck.
4 I’d hate to feel trapped in my job and to be stuck in.
5 I work for diferent companies at diferent times as it suits me. I’m.
6 I used to work for someone else, but now I’m my own boss; I’m.
7 I stopped working in the hamburger restaurant. It was such a dead.
8 When I was working in the factory, all I could think of all day was the moment when I could knock.
9 Being a hospital nurse is a good job, but you can’t go out much with friends. The hours are a bit. (two possible answers)
10 I findannoying, because it means I don't have my own desk where I can keep
things at work.

5.4

Choose adjectives from the box to describe the jobs below. You can use more than one foreach job. Add other adjectives of your own.
glamorous
mundanestimulating
challenging

repetitive stressful monotonousmind-numbing
rewarding

1 assembly-line worker in a car factory
2 supermarket shelf stacker
3 public relations oficer in a multinational company
4 bodyguard to a celebrity
5 surgeon

5.5

variedmechanical

6 lifeguard on a beach
7 receptionist at a dentist’s
8 private detective
9 refuse collector in a city
10 night-security guardOver to you
Write down words from this unit that relate to your job, or to a job you would like to do in
the future.

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