。

August 27, 2018
Minabe Town, Wakayama,Japan

The 5th Conference of ERAHS

Twinning of GIAHS Sites for Sustainable
Development of Communities : Noto‘s Satoyama
and Satoumi (Japan) and Ifugao Rice Terraces(Philippines)
Koji Nakamura*1, Marissa P. Bulong2 and Rizalita R. Edpalina3
1

Visiting Professor and Professor Emeritus, Kanazawa University, Japan
Project Manager, ISMTP-Phase 2 (JICA Technical Cooperation for Grassroots)
Chair for Japan, ERAHS
2
Onsite Project Manager, ISMTP-Phase 2, Ifugao State University, Philippines
3
Collaborative Research Fellow, Kanazawa University
Vice Project Manager, ISMTP-Phase 2

Profile

Koji Nakamura, Dr. Agr.

Visi3ng Professor (Professor Emeritus),
Kanazawa University
Ecology, Insect popula3on dynamics
Biodiversity, Tropics – Indonesia and Philippines
Satoyama and Satoumi in Japan and East Asia

Representa3ve, Satoyama Satoumi Project
Noto Peninsula Satoyama-Satoumi Nature School, 2006Noto Satoyama Meister Training Program, 2007-12
Noto Satoyama Satoumi Meister Training Program, 2012-15, 16Ifugao Satoyama Meister Training Program 、2014−

Satoyama and Satoumi inJapan : definition, importance,
present conditions and problems

Definition of Satoyama-Satoumi

SATO-YAMA

SATO-UMI

SATO = Village, home town
YAMA = Farm land

UMI = Beach, ocean(Mountain, hill）

2

What are Satoyama and Satoumi ?

SATOYAMASATOUMI• “Production landscapes” sustainably managed byhuman activities such as agriculture, forestry
and fishery (Secondary nature).
are necessary.

→

Proper managements• Mosaics of different habitats with intermediate
disturbance.
• Status has been changing over time depending

Importance of Satoyama• Large Area Japan: 40％; Ishikawa 60〜70% ;Noto 100%• High biodiversity and focus of extinction ( e.g.
formerly commn species such as Ibis, stork,
medaka-fish, fire flies, frogs etc)
• Ecosystem Services• Sustainability and harmonious relationshipbetween human and nature• Agriculture forestry and fishery
have public and multifunctional
values2Biodiversity

Ecosystem services
Provisioning
Food
Wood & ﬁber
FuelRegula;ng
Climate
FloodWater puriﬁca;on

Supporting

CulturalAesthe;cSpiritualEduca;onal
Recrea;onal

Nutrient cycling Soil formation Primary Production

Internationalization of Satoyama and Satoumi
Millennium Ecosystem
Assessment（MA）
2001-2005

Japan Satoyama Satoumi
Asssessment (JSSA)

Key words
Scientific and policyrelevant assessment
Ecosystem services
Human well-bingMulti-stakeholder

2007-2010

The Internationa Partnership for
the Satoyama Initiatives (IPSI)
2010-

Globally Important
Agricultural
Heritage Systems(GIAHS)
2002-

Products§ Provided a valuable scien1ﬁc data base
§ Provided a valuable epistemic community of scholars andprac11oners
Policy Brief, 2010(English)

Cluster Reports- 6 Regions, 2010
(Japanese)
9

Summary for Decision
Makers, 2010 (English
Technical Reports– Books, 2012
& Japanese)
English – UNU Press
Japanese–Asakura PublishingLarge-scale overexploitation
is a major global problem
Satoyama is a new model
for sustainable development
living in harmony with nature
世界的に見ると、いまも大規模、乱開発が主要な問題→ 自然との共生，持続発展へ
里山里海は、グローバルな先進モデル

SATOYAMA SATOUMI:from Japanese to global concept

International
Partinership of
SATOYAMA
Initiative （IPSI）
Convention of
Biodivery (CBD)
Ministry ofEnvironment

GloballyInmportant
Agricultural
Heritage
Systems（GIAHS）

Biopshere
Reserves（BR、Japan Eco-Park）
Biocultural
divversity

FA0

UNESCO-MSB
Ministry of
Education, ・・・

Minisitry ofAgriculture, ・・・Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS)

世界農業遺産GIAHS Noto’s Satoyama and Satoumi「能登の里山・里海」（七尾市など9自治体）
2011.6.11 GIAHS 北京フォーラムで、佐渡市の「朱鷺と暮らす郷づくり」と同時認証

0
10
km

Popula'on trend in Oku-Noto 
Population (X 10,000)

Depopulation


1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

2000
1800
1400





1200

Year

2010

Aged population

Lacking you

1600

1000
800
600
400

10…

96

90

92

88

84

80

80

76

72

70

68

64

60

60

56

52

50

48

44

40

40

36

32

30

28

24

20

20

16

10

8

0

12

0

4

200

0

Population



100

Age

Kanazawa University’s Initiatives for revitalization of
Satoyama and Satoumi
In Kakuma Campus”Kakuma Satoyama Nature School” 1999In Noto Peninsula”Noto Satoyama Satoumi Nature School” 2006”Noto Satoyama Meister Training Project” 2007- 2012
“ Noto Satoyama Satoumi Activities for Exchange ofSatoyama/
Satoumi and Urban Areas” 2009-2011”Noto Satoyama Satoumi Meister Training Project” 2012Long-term field studies on Satoyama/Satoumi ecosystems
14
 
"地域再生人材創出拠点の形成
2007〜2012
Noto Satoyama
MeisterTraining
Program

MEXT (Ministry of Educa9on)
FundedProject
Noto Satoyama
Meister Program(Special Coordina/on Funds for Promo/ng Science and Technology)(& yr program)
62 graduates
14 from urban
areas(12 settled in Noto)

Capacity building of Young Leaders
Targets:

 girls in"!#
Young boy andurban areas#Young staffs of local city and town offices
Sons and daughters of local farmers

160km
Representative

Farmer leader

Special prfs Senior local staffs

Young Post-doc staffs
resident in Suzu $"%Under 45 years old

The “power of youth” isneeded to begin turning on
a positive spiral !
1. Environment friendly farmers
2. Business minded
3. Local/Global leadersMake use of
Noto’s Natural and Cultural Resources

Basic concept of human capacity building in Noto
Satoyama Meister
Biodiversity
Preservation andutilization of
ecosystem services
Continuation of
traditional culture
and techniques

Agriculture,
forestry and fisheryindustries based onan environmentally
symbiotic model

Regional
Revitalization
Food safety
Eco-tourism
Exchange between
urban and rural areas

Forming ofadded value

Writing & Reporting : Graduation Theses (Graduating class of 2016)
Promotion of agriculture and forestry(4 theses)

Aiming for hemp cul0va0on in Noto: tradi0onal
applica0ons and new development
Future development of Vejoule Limited Liability
Company,
looking into the management status
A new farmer’s plan of becoming independent: to be a local
leaderInves0ga0ng the possibility of involving people withdisabili0es in the agricultural sector of Noto: looking into
the own future

Cultivation/processing technologies(2 theses)
Developing soil quality indicators for environmentallyfriendly farming
Adop0ng new varie0es and cul0va0on system in pumpkin
cul0va0on

Starting/operating a business (3 theses)
Communica0ng the charm of Japanese paper: an aFempt ofa paper shop
“Satoyama rescue” through ﬁrewood produc0on:
conserva0on and resource u0liza0on of Satoyama by
various par0cipants
Trial produc0on of cloth sandals focusing on their healtheﬀect and proposal of their applica0on

Exchange/regional development(7 theses)
Current status and future of Muslim travel in Noto
Sake and inbound tourism in Noto
Aiming to establish a tourism that increases repeat
visita0on to Suzu
Poten0al of winter surﬁng as new tourist aFrac0ons in Suzu
Implemen0ng nature observa0on events in rice paddies
engaging the ﬁve senses
Star0ng regional revitaliza0on from a long established sakebrewery: illumina0ng Tsuruno Sake Brewery
Current state and the prospect of natural farming in Hakui
City

Regional research/environment(5 theses)
Making Noto Peninsula a restaurant as a whole
Movement of residents between local districts within Suzu
City and loca0ons where “migrants” from urban areas
seFle
Understanding the nature of a village, focusing on its“sharing” culture
Fostering emo0onal richness of children in the nature andculture of Noto
Leaning from soybean cul0va0on on ridges between ricepaddies and soy-sauce produc0on: considering asustainable mechanism

Curriculum Features(1) Understand nature and culture in Noto’s
satoyama and satoumi and their value
Learn and experience Noto’s nature and culture on a multilateral and scientific level(2) Learn about ecosystem services provided
by agro-biodiversity
Follow up on the achievements made from education and research into satoyama
and satoumi at Kanazawa University(3) Capture the value of Noto’s satoyama andsatoumi on a global scale
Spread the word on Noto to the world through exchanges via the Globally
Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) certification site, etc.

(4) Create connections between people
Spread networks of people from a range of different backgrounds and abilities
with satoyama and satoumi as key words

Alumni of Noto Satoyama Meister

21

Example 1

C. Oono, a charcoal producer, is producing
high-value added and high quality charcoal
for tea ceremonies.
He plants oak trees with volunteers every year inabandoned farmlands and manages the trees.

Oaks trees are repeatedly
felled and germinated over aneight year cycle for use

Relationship between longevity anddiet in Oku-Noto
Aim: By carrying out this research on people’s diet in areas oflongevity in Oku-Noto, obtain dietary tips for preventing/curing
lifestyle-related diseases and contribute in extending healthy life
expectancy.
Hiroshi Mibayashi
Satoyama Satoumi
MeisterClass of 2014

Kanazawa Medical
 Sta>on VieC.
Longevity ratio

1. Calculated longevity ratio (population 80 or over/population 65
or over x 100) using small-area-data from 1995 & 2010
national censuses and created a map using QGIS
2. Interviewed on diets in the areas with high longevity ratio

Food in the area with highlongevity ratio

Mapping of longevity ratio in Oku-Noto

Scenery of longevity area

Vegetable garden close to the house

Interview

Noto’s essential oil project utilizing
resources of Satoyama
Kuromoji (Lindera umbellata)

Building a business utilizing Noto’s Satoyama- protecting and managing Satoyama through resource utilization Yoshinobu Sano
Satoyama Meister
Class of 2010

Noto’s essential oil project“Maintaining forest”

Carry out vegetation survey to understand the forest
condition & consider sustainability of Satoyama resources“Creating scent”

Develop essential oil products utilizing resources of Noto’s
Satoyama and carry out further research

Engaged in forestry“Providing healing
Carry out a program using the essential oil produced in Noto,
opportunities & health” in cooperation with aroma therapists

Wood chipper

Steam distillation devices 

Alumni activities

Learning traditions of everyday lifeof Satoyama from the old farmers- Maruyama-gumi Y. Hagino, has organized Maruyama-gumi, aparticipatory workshop that aims to teach traditional
knowledge and wisdom of Satoyama through fun
engagement with agriculture, nature, traditions, food,education, health, welfare, and art.

Supporters’Networks
支援ネットワーク
Satoyama Professional Leaders
里山駐村研究員

Satoyama Meister Supporters
Netwwork
里山マイスター支援ネットワーク

Noto Satoyama Meister Network:
Follow up of Graduates

Twinning of GIAHS

イフガオ里山マイスター養成プログラム

Ifugao Satoyama Meister Training Program(ISMTP)
Phase 1 (2014-16)
Human Resources Development Program for the
Sustainable Development of Globally Important Heritage
Systems (GIAHS) Designated Site
“ Ifugao Rice Terraces” in the Philippines

Phase 2 (2017-19)
Strengthening GIAHS Twinning for Sustainable
Development of Communities in Ifugao Rice Terraces andNoto's Satoyama and Satoumi“GIAHS Twinning”
from Noto communique: Rcommendation (5), 2013

Interna'onal Forum on GIAHS, Ishikawa,
Noto, Japan 29-31 May 2013
トピックス
伝統的な農法や景観を有し、多様な生物を抱える地
域を「世界農業遺産（ＧＩＡＨＳ）」として認定する世界農業遺産国際会議（ＧＩＡＨＳ国際フォーラム）が国連食糧
農業機関（ＦＡＯ）、農林水産省、石川県、能登地域ＧＩＡＨＳ推進協議会の主催で5月29日から6月1日、石川県七尾市和倉温泉をメイン会場に開催された。
国際会議に合わせて、金沢大学里山
日 程：2013年5月29日-6月1日
里海プロジェクト、国連大学高等研究主会場：石川県七尾市和倉温泉「あえの風」
所いしかわ・かなざわオペレーティン
グ・ユニットはサブイベントを開き、大学・研究者が今後果たす役割について討論を重ねた。 （文責・宇野文夫）

世界農業遺産国際会議

世界農業遺産国際会議が開かれるのを前に研究者の連携を広げようとサブイベントが開催された。5月27日、金沢大学では国際Ｇ
ＩＡＨＳセミナー「里山里海の再活性化と持続的発展に果たす大学の役割」が開かれた＝
写真＝。70人が参加した。主催した金沢大
学里山里海プロジェクト代表の中村浩二特任教授・学長補佐は趣旨説明で「ＧＩＡＨＳの国際評価を活かした持続的な里山里海の発展のために、大学・研究者が何をなしうるのか考え、支援につなげたい」と述べた。金沢大学のほか、国連大学や新潟大学、宇都宮
大学、石川県立大学、東京農業大学など6つの学術機関から13人がＧＩＡＨＳの意義、生物多様性と農業、獣害対策と地域、次世代を担う人材養成などをテーマに発表した。

参加報告

パルヴィス氏、能登４度目

大
学
研
究
者
役
割
考

金
沢
大
国
連
大

登環 学 表
熱里境
心山配
能
金
普
慮
質 型沢 回登 及
問 農大 目入氏
学
提
努
業能
世 唱
回養 登
今界 者
目成人学
回農
材舎能
育 登年実業成珠 月 遺洲視
産 事
年 行市察国回基 務
連目金 局
月 能 訪大 代 長

見
再交
会換

農
回業
目
養
成

想登
推空
進港
協
議 認
会 定
回直
招 目後

今
里 回対
写山
話
世
真
集
回界会
上 目農
主能認
業
催 証
臨
対遺 修能 登紹 話産 了登
生
修
国
介
集
ＦＡＯ事
里国
務 局 長 ＧＩＡＨＳは生物多様性保全に貢献 順 了 会 際
山際
生 会 若
ＦＡＯのジョゼ・グラツィアーノ・ダ・シルバ事務局長は、
構能
意議 手
世界で19あるＧＩＡＨＳサイトで初めて国際会議が開かれたことを評価。各国の農業遺産の伝統農法に触れ、「農業遺産システムを使うことで土地の劣化を食い止め、持続可能な土地や水資源の管理が可能となり、生物多様性の保全に貢献できる」と述べ、「ＧＩＡＨＳは食糧や環境の持続可能性を守る一つの手段ある。農業遺産のサイト数を増やしていこう。先進国のＧＩＡＨＳサイトがぜひ先導してほしい」と日本の役割を強調した。

閣
日本、中国、ペルー、チリの政府、国際機関の関係者20人
僚余りが参加するハイレベルエクスカーション（閣僚級視察）が級
30日、農水省主催で輪島市三井町を主会場に行われた。田
植えを終え、カエルの鳴き声が響く現地では、集落の人たちと金沢大学の人材養成プログラム修了生が連携して対応した。
閣僚級エ
閣加
僚治
クスカー
左級屋
ションで
視義
察人
は、金沢
団農
大学里山
人 林
目説水
里海プロジェクト
明産
代表の中村浩二す副輪 大
特任教授が能登島萩臣
市野
における人材養三由右成の取り組みを紹
井紀町
介。三井町市ノ坂「里山マイスター」の修了生や教員スタッフが活躍
では、環境配慮型農業と生物多様性保全を進める「まるやま組」を主宰する萩野由紀さん（デザイナー）が現地の案内役を担った。まるやま組のメンバーで新井寛さん（無農薬・無肥料農家）、谷川貴昭さん（醸造業）、
落合紅さん（染色家）、細川一郎さん（県職員）らがそれぞれ説明に立った。山下祐美子さん（料理研究家）は雑穀クッキーを参加者に振る舞った。また、能登里山里海マイスター育成プログラムの教員スタッフ、伊藤浩二さん（生態学）は地元の小学生に植物観察の青空授業を行った＝
写真＝。最後に、児童らは手作りの絵地
図を、集落の人たちは参加者に米をプレゼントした。萩野さんら今回のメンバーは金沢大学の人材養成プログラム（里山マ
イスター、いきものマイスター）の修了生
たち。卒業後も活動のネットワークを広げ
地域で学び合い、情報共有を行っている。

新たに６サイト認定、日本から静岡、熊本、大分
28日、金沢市文化ホールでは、国連大学
高等研究所いしかわ・かなざわオペレーティ
ング・ユニット（UNU－IAS OUIK）が主催する
ワークショップ「アジアのＧＩＡＨＳサイトにおける経験と教訓」が開かれた。国連大学の武内和彦上級副学長は「ＧＩＡＨＳの認定地域
19のうち、アジアには11のサイトがある。欧州がユネスコの世界遺産をリードしたように、農業遺産はアジアがリードできる」と述べた。

モニタリングなど5項・・・能登コミュニケ

会議では、7つの候補地がプレゼンテーションを行い、科学委員・運営委
員による審査の結果、以下の6サイトが新たに認定された＝写真＝。発表順に 、 日 本 の 熊 本 県 の 「 阿 蘇 の 草 原 と 持 続 可 能 な 農 業 （ Managing Aso
Grasslands for Sustainable Agriculture）」、静岡県の「静岡の茶草場農法（Traditional tea (Chagusaba) of Shizuoka）」、中国の「会稽山の古代中国のトレヤ（Kuaijishan Ancient Chinese Toreya）」、中国の「宣化のブドウ栽培の
都市農業遺産（Urban Agricultural Heritage of Xuanhua Grape Gardens）」、
インドの「海抜以下でのクッタナド農業システム（Kuttanad Below Sea Level
Farming System）」、日本の大分県の「国東半島宇佐の農林漁業循環シス
テ ム （ Kunisaki Peninsula Usa Integrated Forestry, Agriculture andFisheries System）」。

能登コミュニケ（共同声明）が発表された。国際会議（2007年ローマ、09年ブエノスアイレス、11年北京）で、コミュニケの採択は初めて。1）ＧＩＡＨＳ認定サイトでは、定期的なモニタリングが行われ、その活力が維持されるべき、2）農業遺産の保全や、世界の食料安全保障および経済発展への貢献を促進するため、さらにＧＩＡＨＳサイトを漸進的に認定する、 3）特に開発途上国において､現場での事業および取組を促進することにより、ＧＩＡＨＳを動的に保全する、4）既存のＧＩＡＨＳ
は、開発途上国におけるＧＩＡＨＳ候補地が認定されるよう支援する、5）先進国と開発途上国の間のＧＩＡＨＳサイトの結びつきを促進する （英語原文は裏面）

Noto Communique
Recommendations:(5) Twinning of GIAHS sites between developed anddeveloping countries

+“GIAHS Twinning”
between Philippines(Ifugao) and Japan(Noto and Sado)
from Noto communique:
Rcommendation (5), 2013

JICA Technical Cooperation for Grassroots Project (Special Program)

Human Resources Development Program for the Sustainable
Development of Globally Important Heritage Systems (GIAHS)
Designated Site “ Ifugao Rice Terraces” in the Philippines
Ifugao Satoyama Meister Training Program
2014B2016@3yrsA
'((GIAHS),39541-1$ * :>6=<1"

1021

! .3954) ;378?* :>6=</
JICA%1&@ # AMany years
ago

Apr. 2010

Deteriolation of IRT
 )$  &&./-   $&!& (. /-  !$!!+"%$&(#( & )!()&!
& (+'("' .  /- $&! ##&& (.
, !&+&'$!*
Lacking of young farmers and unregulated tourism→ Damage to landscape'$% (+*!$%"#($+$)##&( $#Visit to JICA Office at Manila (Jan., 2012)
DENR (FASPO) and FAO Manila Office (Nov.,2013)

Threats and challenges common to GIAHS
v Noto and Sado (Japan): Decreasing and ageing population
v Ifugao (Philippines): Decreasing young generation due tooutmigration to urban areas and unregulated tourism

v Living in harmony with nature: environment friendly
agriculture, agro-business, new commons and governancev Exchange people between rural and urban areasv 

Key is : Human capacity building of young people

Launching Ifugao Satoyama Meister Training Programand Ifugao GIAHS Sustainable Development CommiAee(Mar. 25, 2014, Ifugao State Univ.)Phase 2: 2017-19 !! "! " !" "(  %)"%  
!"!"!( #  ! )( "'! "& "#) !#!"$"#   #!"$"""  !

Workforce

Ifugao State University (IFSU)
University of the Philippines
Open University (UPOU)Ishikawa Prefecture*Local coordination/management*Curriculum design
Technical *Selection of trainees
Committee *Training of trainers*Field activities*Advocacy works*Organizing workshops, meetings& symposium

BSU Ifugao Provincial Government
Municipality
MunicipalityOffices
Offices(Banaue,(Banaue,
Hungduan,
Hungduan,
KianganKianganandand
MPSPCMayoyao)
Mayoyao)

Proponent

IGSC
Implementer*Local office members*Local supporters, assistants*Field exercise and training*Workshops, meetings symposiums

The 8 Prefectures Alliance for
GIAHS in Japan,
# "    Collaborators

Ishikawa Pref. Univ.
UNU-IAS
UNU-OIUKAcademe collaborators

Other support groups*Recommend trainees andlecturers

#   # """  

UN-FAO, GIAHS
Advisers

Implementation support

66 graduates (4yrs, 2015-18)

Batch 1, 14 grad., 2015.3.9

Batch 2, 21 grad., 2016.3.15

Batch 3, 16 grad., 2017.1.26

Batch 4, 15 grad., 2018.3.9

ISMTP records
Phase 12014-16 and Phase 2 (2017)•

Establishment of implement system: IFSU, UPOU (BSU, MPSCPC)•

Establishment of support committees: IGDC (Ifugao) and IGSC
(Noto)•

Construction of IRT “GIAHS CENTER”, IFSU•

Monthly lectures and field works•

Number of trainees graduated (no. enrolled)

Phase 1 (Batch 1-3) = 51, Phase 2 (Batch 1)= 15 → Total 66•

Exposure trip to Noto and Kanazawa•

Philippine/Japan Forums 4 times (2 times/year in Ifugao and Noto)•

Alumni network and follow up•

Mr Izumiya, Chairman of Ifugao GIAHS Support Committee (IGSC)
and Suzu(about 20/year)

City Mayor, visited Ifugao in July 2016

IFSU IRT GIAHS CenterMay 2017

Exposure trip to Japan(Noto and Kanazawa)Ifugao Satoyama
Meister Training
Program Delegation
visited Kanazawa andNoto Peninsula(Sept .27Oct.3,
2015)

One thousand terraced
paddies in Wajima city, 30
Sept. 2015

Terraced paddies and farmer’s shop in Mikohara,
Hakui city, Noto Peninsula (29 Sept. 2015)

Traditional hwooden
handicrafts in Wajima
city, 30 Sept 2015

Visiting Noto School,
the headquatersbuilding of Noto
Satoyama Satoumi
Meister Training
Program
30 Sept. 2015• University’s initiative in collaboration with Provincial
Government and LGUs, and other stakeholders→ Academic and scientific, but not university cources• High diversity (Trainees, Mentors, Stakeholders, etc)
• Mainstreaming• Satoyama and sustainability concepts• International platform (UNESCO World Heritage,
GIAHS, IPSI, etc.)• Training system• Intensive face to face mentoring (Trainee/Mentor)• Thesis writing, public presentation and review• Networking and follow-up of alumni

Trainee’s motivation to join ISMTP ?
•What is most inconvenient for you ?

•Human capacity building for upgrading
yourself (as municipality staff, farmer,
teacher, business person, etc.) for yourcommunity, your country and the world•

Networks and Platforms•

Life style: Urban vs Rural (Satoyama)

How to learn in ISMTP ?
Time is short, only 1 year, so thatyou must be careful and clever
You must select very carefully:• Research subjects (objectives) → Title• Background (motivation), introduction• Approach and methods• Results and analysie• Proposal for the next plan after graduation (not“recommendation”• Follow-up system (needs and seeds)• Trainee(s)/Mentor(s) relationship*Learning in ISMTP is academic and scientific, but not theuniversity courses (BA, MA and PHd, etc. )Trainees’ Graduation Research Subjects
For conservation and sustainable development of IRT
Satoyama, GIAHS, World Cultural Heritage• Agriculture and cultivation (Organic ways)• Rice, crops• Livestock raising• Agricultural processing (Branding, marketing)• Environment and ecosystems• Global warming• Biodiversity• Indigineous endangered species• Alien pests and their control• Giant earthworm, kuhol, kiwitand, etc.
• Culture, traditional (indigenous) knowledge• Eco-tourism, ESD (Education for Sustainable Development)

Subject of Ifugao Satoama Meister Training Program, Organicswine raising, July 2015

Progress of ISMTP
alumni’s activities

Yuyu ()culture in IRT(Jan. 2016)

ISMTP Phase 2 (2017-)
Strengthening of ISMTP••

Implementation of Ifugao Rice Terraces
Assessment (IRTA), with particular Rice
Terraces (e.g. Nagacadan Rice Terraces
Assessment)•

Mutual exchange (GIAHS Twinnng) for
sustainable development of Ifugao Rice
Terraces and Satoyama Satoumi•

Preparation for Phase 3 （2020-)

Key Questions of IRTA
(Ifugao Rice Terraces Assessment)§ What are Ifugao satoyama, and how have they changedin the last 10-70 years (change) ?
§ How have biodiversity and ecosystem services changed
in Ifugao satoyama landscapes, and what are the main
drivers (causes)?
§ Why are changes in Ifugao satoyama a concern?
§ What has been done to encourage Ifugao satoyamasystems (Responses = countermeasures) ?
§ What is the future fIfugao satoyama landscapes underplausible scenarios?
52

Goal of IRTA
(Ifugao Rice Terraces Assessment)§ Provide scientifically credible and policyrelevant information on IRT§ Assessment of current state of knowledge (i.e.
a critical evaluation of information on theinteraction between humans and ecosystemservices provided IRT§ Outputs must be provided for policymakers.
53

Key Features of IRTA (2)§ Drivers (causes) of change§ Indirect§ Demographic (population)§ Economic§ Cultural§ Science and technology§ Socio-political§ Direct§ Land-use§ Climate§ Invasive species§ Over-exploitation§ Pollution§ Under-use

Scope of IRTA
qTime scale§ Drastic changes have occurred in IRT in
the past 70 years since the end of WorldWar II (or 10-50 years)§ Changes by§ Destruction§ Abandonment

qSpatial scale§ Barangay, LGU, Province, Country

55
55

Changes in ecosystem services, direct and indirect drivers, andhuman well-being in IRTsee, JSSA, 2012: a preliminary table
Ecosystem services

Provisioning

Hu
Stock
man /flow
use
Rice
Yuyu
Na1ve shells

Regulating

Water-flodding control-water purification
Soil erosion

CulturalFestival
Ingenious knoledge

Indicators

Directtrivers

Indirectdrivers

Changes in ecosystemservices, direct drivers
and human well-being
JSSA, 2012
Backedby Data

Without
Supporting
Data

+
-

A monotone increase (forhuman use column) or
enhanced (for enhanced ordegraded column) for the last
50 decades
A monotone decrease (forhuman use column) or
degraded (for enhanced ordegraded column) for the last
50 decades
No change(for human use
column and enhanced ordegraded column) for he last
50 decades

Enhanced in recent years
Decreased in recent years+/-

Mixed (trend increases anddecreases) over past 50 years orsome components/regions
increase while others decreaseNA

Not assessed√

The direct drivers that haveinfluenced ecosystem services

57

Types of Responses (examples)
(

,

)

,

(JSSA, 2012)

,

,-






,

-

-

,

,

,

&,

,

,

,

,
,

,

,
,
,
,
Results of the responses must be monitored
to check the efficiency

Responses that are relatively effective in satoyama and satoumi
1. Sato (agricultural

2. Mountains

3. Oceans Land use plans
Biomass utilization
 System of direct
payment to hilly andmountainous areas
Action plan forimprovement offarmland, water, andenvironmental
preservation

 Ordinance forsatoyama conservation
 Forest environmental
taxesForest certification
systems

 Act on Special
Measures concerning
Conservation of theEnvironment of the Seto
Inland Sea
 Ordinance forsatoumi conservation
 Ocean pollution
prevention
 Water quality
regulations

communities and lifestyles/agricultural land and rivers)

4. Biodiversity

5. All areas

 National Biodiversity Strategy
 Local Biodiversity Strategy

 Environmental Impact Assessment
Law
 The NPO Law
 Nature restoration projects
 Scientific research by local
University and government Satoyama Initiative Re-building of regional cooperative
bodies (New Commons)(JSSA, 2012)





&




59

Launching Satoyama Meister Training
Progams in Noto and Ifugao is one of themost effective RESPONSES against thechallenges in these GIAHS

What is the future for satoyama and satoumi landscapes
under plausible scenarios?
q4 scenarios describing
the plausible future in
2050.
qQualitative approachqTwo axes to identify
future developments• Governance andeconomic development:
Global vs. Local• Ecosystem service
management:
Technology oriented vs.
Nature oriented(JSSA, 2012)61

International, national and other“designation”：
GIAHS、BR,, ・・・・・・・“Real part” starts after the designation
Designation

Monitoring

Action Plan

“Advertising sign”

Up-grade

Evaluation

Governing structure
Network
Experts
Multi-stakeholder
Multi-municipality
Bottom up

Noto Satoyama Meister delegation to Ifugao. Jan. 18, 2018

Human Capacity Building by utilizing
Natural and Cultural Resources in GIAHS

More Local involvement
Mainstreaming
Networking and exchange
Outcomes(1) Upgrading capacity of trainees and alumni(2) Empowerment of Local Communities

Japan’s Satoyama Satoumi in 2050 ?
Aged, depopulation → Under-management →Lower Ecosystem Services

資料： 「人口動態統計」
厚生労働省大臣官房統計情報部

MoreUrbanization ?
http://www.ipss.go.jp/syoushika/seisaku/html/111a2.htm

Birth rate ranking (184 countries)•
1 Niger
7.60•
66Philippines 2.98•
84
Indonesia
2.46• 154 China
1.56• 172 Japan
1.42• 184 Korea
1.21•
Taiwan1.00
Local variation in Japan: Tokyo is worst !

Inconvenient truth in Japanese Agriculture*5

• High average age of farmers (67 yrs old) * 5 / F7
• Small-scale farming ,$4% (CE137* -"0haD
C1.8D6 8>?9C178.4D5#E/99• Global/local circumstances are challenging• Small GDP in Agriculture is only 1.15%
GDPG*!6051.15%• Lower income from agriculture than industries
GDPG*!6051.15%

High potenMal values of Satoyama Satoumi as resources
GIAHS0ERAHS’s networking and exchanges
Human capacity building for young generaMon++5&)0)50GIAHSAERAHS5=;<@B:'5.2

Challenges and future directions in ISMTP• Japanese side (Kanazawa University etc.) supports
the launching of “Ifugao Satoyama Miester Training
Program (ISMTP)” by adapting the applicableknowledge and learning of Kanazawa University’s
Noto experience to IRT.
• Self-sustainability of ISMTP is to be established, inthe near future, by IFSU, UP-OU, local governments
and other stakeholders of IRT.
• Bilateral relationships and equal partnership areimportant (e.g. Cost-sharing, local involvement ).

Japan finds itself in the position of a “developed” country,
facing many serious challenges, which other countries
will one day also be facing.
We, Japanese, have been tackling this issue by
participation in the international networks and platforms
such as IPSI and GIAHS as well as collaboration with local
communities
Human capacity building of young generation is the key
to overcome the challenges

Launching Ifugao GIAHS Sustainable
Development Committee (IGDC) andIfugao Satoyama Meister Training Program
ISMTP (Mar. 25, 2014, Ifugao State Univ.)

Thanks for your kindattention
Courtesy visit to Mr. Izumiya, Chairman of
Ifugao GIAHS Support Committee (IGSC) andMayor of Suzu city (Sept. 2014)