作者簡介
張美櫻
佛光大學未來與樂活產業學系
輔仁大學中國文學系博士
研究領域：道教文學、道教文化
著作：《全真七子證道詞意涵析論》〈公羊傳稱賢事例的價值判斷及其意義〉〈試論《論語》中天的意義與天人關係〉〈中文學門中的經典與通識教學――以《詩經‧周南‧關睢》為例〉〈《金蓮正宗記》的敘述結構分析〉〈《金蓮正宗仙源像傳》敘述分析〉
愛鳥（小說創作）《道教文化研究論集》

提要從道教文學的角度看全真七子的詞作，可以看出這些作品在形式內容上傳承於傳統文學，
而有其特殊之處，在形式上的詞調改名、類疊的強調、數字的運用、反復用造句造成類似迴文
的特殊效果、福唐獨木體、藏頭詞等，都與其宗教思想意趣有關。
語言風格上七子詞作的語言展現宗教語言的特色，呈現出崇高、莊重、神祕、淨化等宗教
語言風格，所用的修辭技巧則以誇張、象徵、比喻、示現、設問、呼告、仿擬等手法，富感染
力地將人的宗教情感引發出來，以達勸化布道效果。只要掌握宗教語言與宗教內涵，這些詞作
本身就有豐富的解讀空間，這些詞作作為文學作品，有其自主的價值與意義。

目目
次第一章 緒 論 ···························································· 1
第一節 研究動機 ······················································ 1
第二節 研究方法 ······················································ 8
第三節 內容綱要 ···················································· 10第二章 全真教發展的時代背景······························· 15
第一節 政治背景 ···················································· 16
壹、金代政治發展概況 ····································· 16
貳、金朝的制度 ················································· 19
結 語 ································································ 22
第二節 經濟社會背景 ············································· 23
壹、經濟狀況 ···················································· 24
貳、各階層的社會地位 ····································· 27
一、戶政下的階層劃分······························· 27
二、猛安謀克的社會地位 ··························· 28
三、士人的社會地位 ·································· 28
四、地主與農民的賦役······························· 30
結 語 ································································ 31
第三節 宗教背景 ···················································· 33
壹、女真的傳統信仰與金代的宗教政策 ··········· 33
貳、佛教的傳入與開展 ····································· 35－目 1－次全真七子證道詞之意涵析論參、河北新道教的興起與興盛 ·························· 35
肆、儒學思想風潮 ············································· 38
伍、王重陽創立全真教 ····································· 40
結 語 ································································ 41
第三章 全真七子之生平道蹟··································· 43
第一節 全真七子的出身家世·································· 44
壹、出身家世 ···················································· 44
貳、七子出身背景的環境 ·································· 46
一、詭譎多變的大環境······························· 46
二、面臨劇動的中環境······························· 47
三、小環境 ················································· 50
第二節 全真七子的尋道過程·································· 51
壹、七子的尋道記載 ········································· 51
貳、七子的皈依歷程 ········································· 53
一、危機 ····················································· 53
二、探問 ····················································· 56
三、會遇 ····················································· 57
四、互動 ····················································· 60
五、投身 ····················································· 61
結 語 ································································ 62
第三節 全真七子的悟道及證道事蹟 ······················ 63
壹、七子的證道及悟道事蹟 ······························ 63
貳、七子悟道及證道事蹟意涵 ·························· 66
一、絕俗苦修·············································· 66
二、雲遊布道·············································· 70
三、神異事蹟的意義 ·································· 73
結 語 ································································ 75
第四章 全真七子證道詞的形式特色······················· 77
第一節 金代的詞風················································· 77
壹、金詞的分期 ················································· 78
貳、金詞的風格 ················································· 81
參、金詞中的時代意識 ····································· 84
結 語 ································································ 85
－目 2－

目

第二節 全真七子證道詞表現形式的藝術特色 ······· 86
壹、七子詞中所見改調名及改調意義 ··············· 87
貳、類疊的運用 ················································· 90
參、數字的運用 ················································· 94
肆、特異體式 ···················································· 95
結 語 ································································ 98
第三節 全真七子證道詞的語言風格 ······················ 98
壹、七子詞作的詞彙特色 ································ 100
貳、七子詞作的修辭技巧 ································ 102
參、宗教語言的特質 ······································· 109
結 語 ······························································ 110
第五章 全真七子證道詞所表現的全真教義··········111
第一節 三教合一 ···················································111
壹、七子詞中「三教」一詞的意義 ················· 112
貳、七子詞中的儒家思想 ································ 115
參、七子詞作中的佛教思想 ···························· 119
肆、七子詞作中三教合一的意義 ···················· 123
結 語 ······························································ 125
第二節 性命雙修 ·················································· 126
壹、性為成仙根源 ··········································· 127
貳、煉心 ·························································· 129
一、除塵心 ··············································· 129
二、堅定道心············································ 131
三、澄心為煉心之果 ································ 133
參、七子詞作中性功與命功的問題 ················· 135
結 語 ······························································ 137
第三節 清淨苦修的躬行實踐································ 138
壹、物質生活需求降到最低的清貧修行意義 ·· 139
貳、清貧苦修所遇的困境克服 ························ 141
參、著重功行的累積 ······································· 144
結 語 ······························································ 148
第六章 全真七子證道詞反映的社會意識 ············· 151
第一節 別家辭親的修道方式與社會倫理的背離·· 151－目 3－次全真七子證道詞之意涵析論壹、出家修行的深層意義 ································ 152
貳、七子詞中表現的出家理念 ························ 153
參、七子詞中勸化出家的方法 ························ 155
結 語 ······························································ 159
第二節 教團倫理中的社會倫理取向 ···················· 161
壹、師徒之禮與俗世師生倫理之異同 ············· 161
貳、合道伴的意義 ··········································· 163
參、七子詞作所見其社會倫理的回歸 ············· 166
結 語 ······························································ 167
第三節 濟人度世的社會服務精神 ························ 168
壹、濟人度世的意義 ······································· 169
貳、濟世度人的方式 ······································· 171
一、療疾行醫············································ 171
二、勸化行善············································ 173
三、主持齋醮············································ 173
四、設會濟貧············································ 175
結 語 ······························································ 177
第七章 全真七子證道詞反映的人生觀················· 181
第一節 現世生命的無常 ······································· 181
壹、生命本無常 ··············································· 182
貳、世人追求的價值本無常 ···························· 183
結 語 ······························································ 188
第二節 證真成仙為生命的歸處 ···························· 188
壹、追求不死的神仙思想與遊仙文學 ············· 189
貳、回歸大道的生命主題 ································ 191
結 語 ······························································ 195
第八章 結 論 ························································ 197

參考書目 ···································································· 203－目 4－