作者簡介
陳正宜，臺北市人，中國文化大學中國文學博士。現任教於中國文化大學、醒吾科技大學、臺
北市立大學。主要研究領域：「先秦諸子學」、「宋明理學」與「明清氣學」。撰有《黃宗羲理學思想之研究》、《羅欽順理學思想之研究》等專著，另有〈戴震「陰陽氣化」說〉、〈陳淳《北溪字義》的理氣論〉等單篇論文。

提要

明代初期，由於明太祖大力提倡程朱理學，使程朱理學成為學術上的正統思想。但隨著程朱理學的僵化，及本身「躬行踐履」的內在修養工夫轉向，導致程朱格致所得之理，往往無法契合於本心，於是諸儒在尋求心理合一的過程中，自然走向了心學，而成為明中期的思想主流。
不過，一則由於「心學」本身理論層次較高，不易掌握；二則由於「心學」畢竟吸收了佛學部
分思路，極易近於禪學；三則因為自明英宗之後，國家便步入衰落，而「心學」的發展在此時
雖為成熟理論，但卻處於社會政治衰亂的歷史環境下，加上滿清異族的入主中國，「心學」似乎束手無策，於是明末清初另一種「崇實黜虛」的氣學思潮便因應而起。故黃宗羲在此明清鼎革之際，提出了「盈天地皆氣 」的「理氣合一」說，不僅彌補了朱學缺乏形上本體氣，而造成理管不住氣的缺漏外，亦修正了心學末流「情識而肆」、「玄虛而蕩」的錯會，更將氣學重實踐的
特性落實於抗清戰爭與大量著述上。最後，在理氣合一的基礎上，透過心理是一的模式，發展
了「盈天地皆心 」的理路，進而完成理氣心性是一的氣本體論思想架構。

目

上 冊目
次第一章 緒 論 ···························································· 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 ··········································· 1
第二節 研究方法與材料 ··········································· 5
第二章 黃宗羲之成學過程與明清思潮之轉移 ········· 9第一節 黃宗羲之生平及學術思想歷程 ···················· 9
一、年少黨錮時期············································· 11
二、青年博覽群書，結社時期 ··························· 14
三、壯年反清復明時期 ····································· 18
四、老年厠身儒林時期······································· 20
第二節 明清時代思潮之演變 ································· 25
一、明初期至中期學術思潮之轉變 ·················· 25
二、明中期至清初期學術思潮之發展 ·············· 36
第三節 黃宗羲之成學過程 ····································· 46
一、黃宗羲對劉宗周思想之繼承 ······················ 46
二、黃宗羲對王陽明思想之修正 ······················ 55
三、黃宗羲對朱熹思想之修正 ·························· 66
第三章 盈天地間皆氣，氣即理也··························· 77
第一節 通天地亙古今無非一氣 ····························· 77
一、天地之間一氣充周 ····································· 77
二、大化流行只有一氣 ····································· 85
三、氣之流行不失其則 ····································· 95
第二節 理與氣之關係 ·········································· 104
一、理氣合一 ·················································· 104
二、理氣一物而兩名 ········································111
三、理氣之聚散 ·············································· 120
四、天地不能無愆陽伏陰之理 ························ 126
五、氣之一本萬殊··········································· 131
第三節 太極、陰陽本是一氣 ······························· 139
一、黃宗羲對朱、陸「無極而太極」論辯之
立場 ·························································· 140（一）朱、陸「無極而太極」之論辯 ······ 140（二）黃宗羲對「無極而太極」之立場 ·· 146
二、太極與陰陽之關係 ··································· 151（一）太極乃氣之太極····························· 151（二）陰陽本是一氣 ································ 157－目 1－次黃宗羲理學思想之研究──以心理氣是一為詮釋進路

三、一陰一陽之謂道，道即太極，離陰陽無從見道 ······················································ 160
第四節 氣之道德意識 ·········································· 168
一、氣之道德價值賦予 ··································· 168
二、由「理氣是一」到仁義禮智 ···················· 177

下 冊
第四章 盈天地間皆心，心乃氣之靈 ····················· 187
第一節 散殊者無非一本，吾心是也 ···················· 188
一、心為萬殊之本··········································· 188
二、心即氣之靈處··········································· 194
三、窮理者盡其心，心即理也 ························ 205
第二節 氣即性也 ·················································· 213
一、性者心之性 ·············································· 213
二、氣之本然是性··········································· 221三、止有氣質之性，更無義理之性 ················ 230
四、無欲而後純乎天理 ··································· 240
第三節 氣理心性之合一觀 ··································· 254
一、離情無以見性··········································· 254
二、氣理與心性之合一 ··································· 267
三、「盈天地間皆氣」與「盈天地間皆心」之圓融合一 ·················································· 284
第五章 工夫所至、即其本體································· 303
第一節 黃宗羲之「格物、致知」義 ···················· 304
一、由知先行後到知行合一 ··························· 304
二、氣論之「格物、致知」 ··························· 316
三、工夫與本體之合一 ··································· 329
第二節 黃宗羲之成德工夫 ··································· 341
一、先天之學 ·················································· 344
二、學者工夫 ·················································· 353
三、先天之學與學者工夫之合一 ···················· 364
第六章 黃宗羲理學思想的時代意義 ····················· 379第一節 明清氣學思想的開展 ······························· 379
一、陳確的「工夫即本體」 ··························· 380
二、王夫之的「心理氣是一」 ························ 386
三、戴震的「理氣合一」 ······························· 393
第二節 內聖外王的並舉 ······································· 398
引用文獻 ···································································· 401－目 2－