Journal of Nuclear andRadiochemical Sciences
Vol.6, No.1, July 31, 2005
ISSN: 1345-4749
CODEN JNRSAPThe International Journal Publishedby the Japan Society of Nuclear andRadiochemical Sciences©2005 The Japan Society of Nuclear andRadiochemical Sciences

Editorial Board
E-mail jnrs.editor@radiochem.org
Editor-in-Chief
Hisaaki Kudo Department of Chemistry, Facultyof Science, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181,
Japan
E-mail hkudo@sc.niigata-u.ac.jp
Fax +81-25-262-6171

SPECIAL ISSUE
ofThe Fourth International Symposium
on Advanced Science Research

Advances inHeavy Elements Microbiology(ASR2004)
November 15 and 16, 2004
Tokai, Ibaraki, JAPANEditors
Takaumi Kimura Japan Atomic Energy ResearchInstitute, JAERI
Kazuyoshi Masumoto High Energy Accelerator
Research Organization, KEKToshiaki Mitsugashira Tohoku University
Yoshitaka Ohkubo Kyoto University

2004

Tsutomu Sekine Tohoku University
Masashi Takahashi Toho University
Tsuyoshi Yaita Japan Atomic Energy ResearchInstitute, JAERI
Masayoshi Yamamoto Kanazawa University

Secretary of the Japan Societyof Nuclear and Radiochemical
Sciences
Shigekazu Usuda Japan Atomic Energy ResearchInstitute, JAERI, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai,Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
E-mail office@radiochem.org
Fax +81-29-282-6723

Visit the homepage at:
http://www.radiochem.org/Guest Editors
Arokiasamy J. Francis (BNL)
Yoshitomo Watanabe (CRIEPI)
Toshiyuki Yamashita (JAERI)
Toshihiko Ohnuki (JAERI)

Organized by Advanced Science Research Center,
Japan Atomic Energy Research InstituteCo-Organized by Central Research Institute ofElectric Power Industry
Supported by Japan Society of Nuclear andRadiochemical Sciences, and Division of Nuclear Fuel
Cycle and Environment, Atomic Energy Society of Japan

Preface
The Fourth International Symposium on Advanced Science Research focused on Advances in Heavy
Elements Microbiology Research (ASR2004). It was held on November 15 and 16, 2004 at the Advanced
Science Research Center (ASRC), Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI), Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan.
ASRC of JAERI, Tokai, Japan in cooperation with the Central Research Institute of Electric Power
Industry, Tokyo, Japan graciously organized the symposium.
Contamination of the environment due to the nuclear-fuel cycle and defense-related activities is a major
concern for many countries. Undoubtedly, actinides are here to stay, and it is important that we have abetter understanding of their behavior in the environment, in particular, how microorganisms affect theirstability and mobility. While there is considerable understanding of the physics and chemistry of theactinides, little yet is known of microbiological effects on them. Actinide microbiology is an emerging
scientific field that may be expected to grow rapidly in future.
I believe that this is the first conference of its kind in Japan dealing with the interactions of microorganisms with heavy elements. As we are aware, for obvious reasons, there is considerable interest in Japan andin other countries on microbial processes and their effects on heavy elements. This symposium provided atimely forum for scientists and students in Japan working in this field to exchange information withnational and international colleagues. JAERI served as an excellent focal point to coordinate the discussions of recent progress in this research; perhaps we may look forward to their organizing future meetings
to debate the latest developments in this field.
The symposium examined the state-of-the-art developments and innovations in the environmental chemistry and microbiology of heavy elements. The sessions, both oral and poster presentations, focused mainly
on topics such as the interactions of heavy elements with microorganisms, particularly emphasizinglanthanides and actinides, on environmental chemistry, nuclear-waste disposal, remediation science,biotechnology, and soil microbiology. Other themes covered the mechanisms of biosorption and biotransformation, radiation effects, the development of novel analytical methods to determine the speciation ofheavy elements, microbiological effects on the migration of heavy elements, and modeling of microbialprocesses. Invited speakers from Canada, the United Kingdom, Sweden, the United States, and Japan, who
are known worldwide as leading authorities in the field, delivered the Keynote Presentations.
The papers published in this volume represent a snapshot of the various topics discussed at the symposium. In my view, this is an excellent start, and I sincerely hope that future symposia will not only continue
to cover advances in these areas, but also extend into other subjects of importance to this burgeoning field.
Fundamental information on the biotransformation of actinides under different microbial processes andconditions will be vital in developing appropriate strategies for remediation and waste management, as well
as for definitively predicting microbial impacts on the long-term performance of waste repositories.
I would like to express sincere gratitude to Dr. Toshihiko Ohnuki, Secretary of the Symposium, for organizing this meeting, and for the many long hours of work he contributed to ensuring its great success. I
extend my thanks to Dr. Hiroshi Yasuoka, Director, ASRC for his continued interest, enthusiasm, andsupport that made this symposium possible. I also want to take this opportunity to acknowledge the inspiration and encouragement that Dr. Zenko Yoshida, Deputy Director General, Tokai Research Establishment,
at JAERI, invariably has offered in promoting Actinide Environmental and Chemistry and Microbiology
research at JAERI. We thank Dr. Avril Woodhead, Senior Editor, Brookhaven National Laboratory for theeditorial assistance.
Finally, on behalf of all participants, I highly commend the local organizing committee, Drs. Takuo Ozaki,
Fuminori Sakamoto, Naofumi Kozai, and Issay Narumi, who were dedicated and tireless in making surethat the attendees were well looked after and conference ran on smoothly.
Arokiasamy J. Francis
Chairman of the symposium
Microbiologist/ScientistBrookhaven National Laboratory
Upton New York 11973
USAi

Organizing Committee
DirectorHiroshi YASUOKA (Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute)

Chairperson

Arokiasamy J. FRANCIS (Brookhaven National Laboratory)

Secretary

Toshihiko OHNUKI (Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute)Members

Kazunori NAKAMURA (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science andTechnology)
Haruyuki IEFUJI (National Institute of Brewing)
Toru NAGAOKA (Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry)
Mikazu YUI (Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute)
Katsuhiro TSUKIMURA (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science andTechnology)
Shinya NAGASAKI (The University of Tokyo)
Osamu SHIRAI (Kyoto University)
Satoru TSUSHIMA (Nagoya University)
Yoshio TAKAHASHI (Hiroshima University)
Takayuki SASAKI (Kyoto University)
Satoshi YOSHIDA (National Institute of Radiological Sciences)
Sakae FUKUNAGA (Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.)
Toshiyuki YAMASHITA (Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute)

Secretariat (Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute)Toshiyuki YAMASHITA
Izumi NAKAIGAWA

Local Organizing Staff
Takuo OZAKI
Fuminori SAKAMOTO
Naofumi KOZAI
Issay NARUMIii

Welcome address

Good morning, Ladies and Gentlemen.
My name is Hiroshi Yasuoka, and I am the Director of Advanced Science Research Center. It is greathonor to have the opportunity to say a few words before opening the symposium. First, on behalf of all themembers of the Advanced Science Research Center of Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, I would
like to express our great pleasure in welcoming every one of you, and in hosting the Fourth International
Symposium on Advanced Science Research, namely ASR2004.
Our center was established in 1993. Since then, one of its most important functions as a scientific centerhas been to promote and initiate basic research in atomic energy and related fields, in collaboration withscientists throughout our country as well as abroad.
In view of the rapidly advancing frontiers of science and technology, and the increasing importance ofinternational collaborations, I strongly felt that our center should play a leading role in furthering scientificactivities within a worldwide forum. This approach not only is intended to foster the “give-and-take”
exchange of information with the outside world, but also designed to encourage harmony between different
scientific cultures though the establishment of our new program at our center.
As one action towards the global promotion of our research activities, we decided to host a series ofinternational symposia on advances in various topics in fields of our interest. We call this the “AdvanceSeries of Symposia”. The first such symposium, on neutron scattering, was held in November 2000. The
second symposium, held in November 2001, focused on heavy element research. We held the third inNovember 2002 on the physics and chemistry of the f-electron system. So far, all of them have been very
successful and informative, fully meeting our goals. The present symposium is the fourth of this series.
The size and format of each symposium is flexible, with choices made considering the nature of the topic.
However, at all symposia , in addition to promoting the exchange of expertise, we particularly encourage
young scientists to present papers on their new results from the frontiers of science and technology, so that
we can help them to gain t an overview of the fields they are involved in.
The topic of the present symposium is Advances in heavy elements microbiology research. I will not go
into details about the importance of this field because the Chairman of the Organizing Committee, Dr. A. J.
Francis, will speak about these later. Nevertheless, let me emphasize that the main scientific topics to be
discussed at this symposium, namely, the interactions of heavy elements and microorganisms are quite
fascinating, especially those relating to the mobility and stability of actinides in the environment. I expectthat there will be a variety of heated discussions throughout this symposium.
Finally, I would like to thank our president, Mr. Okazaki for his financial sponsorship that has allowed us
to convene this meeting. My special gratitude also goes also to the Central Research Institute of ElectricPower Industry, Japan Society of Nuclear and Radiochemical Science, and Division of Nuclear Fuel Cycleand Environment, Atomic Energy Society of Japan for their gracious endorsement.
I would like to close my welcome by expressing my sincere wishes for the success of the symposium,and my hope that all participants will discover exciting new opportunities in the still-growing area ofresearch on heavy elements microbiology.
Thank you very much for your attention.

Hiroshi Yasuoka
Director, ASRC, JAERIiii

Welcome address

Good morning Ladies and Gentlemen.
Welcome to ‘The Fourth International Symposium on Advanced Science Research – Advances in Heavy
Elements Microbiology Research (ASR2004)’. On behalf of Central Research Institute of Electric Power
Industry (CRIEPI), I express my gratitude for all the participants of this symposium. The relationships
between the heavy elements and microorganisms have been of technical interest. Especially, behavior ofthe heavy elements in the environment has recently been important in terms of the safety assessment of thewaste management. CRIEPI has been interested in this scientific and technologically important field, andvery grateful to support ASR2004.
Since the symposium program covers most of interdisciplinary research areas, I hope all participants
exchange the latest results and enjoy discussion. Also, as it is very beautiful season, please enjoy Japaneseautumn.

Motoi Kawanishi
Director, NFCBRC, CERL, CRIEPIivCONTENTS
Preface

Arokiasamy J. Francis …………………………………………………………………

i

Welcome address

Hiroshi Yasuoka ………………………………………………………………………

iii

Motoi Kawanishi ………………………………………………………………………

iv

Actinide Science: Fundamental and Environmental Aspects
Gregory R. Choppin ………………………………………………………………………………………

1

Bacterial Cell Wall Structure and Implications for Interactions with Metal Ions and Minerals
Terrance J. Beveridge ………………………………………………………………………………………

7Articles

Microorganisms and Their Influence on Radionuclide Migration in Igneous Rock Environments
Karsten Pedersen ………………………………………………………………………………………… 11
Biotransformation of Radioactive Waste: Microbial Reduction of Actinides and Fission Products
Jonathan R. Lloyd, Joanna C. Renshaw, Ian May, Francis R. Livens, Ian T. Burke,Robert J. G. Mortimer, and Katherine Morris …………………………………………………………… 17
Microbial Influences on the Mobility and Transformation of Radioactive Iodine in the Environment
Seigo Amachi, Takaaki Fujii, Hirofumi Shinoyama, and Yasuyuki Muramatsu ………………………… 21
Potentiometric Study on the Proton Binding of Humic Substances
Jinzhou Du, Nobuaki Sato, and Osamu Tochiyama ……………………………………………………… 25
Interaction of Actinides with Carboxylates in Solution: Complexation of U(VI), Th(IV), and Nd(III)with Acetate at Variable Temperatures
Linfeng Rao, Pier Luigi Zanonato, and Plinio Di Bernardo ……………………………………………… 31
Role of Microbial Activity in Fe and S Cycling in Sub-Oxic to Anoxic Sulfide-Rich Mine Tailings:A Mini-ReviewDanielle Fortin and Tanmay Praharaj……………………………………………………………………… 39
Evaluation of Microbial Activity for Long-Term Performance Assessments of Deep Geologic Nuclear
Waste Repositories
Yifeng Wang and Arokiasamy J. Francis ………………………………………………………………… 43
Study on Stabilization Effect of Neutral Soft Donor on Trivalent Lanthanide and Actinide
Dicarboxylate Complexes by Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy
T. Sasaki, S. Kubo, T. Kobayashi, A. Kirishima, T. Kimura, T. Kubota, I. Takagi,and H. Moriyama ………………………………………………………………………………………… 51
Ion Transport Across a Bilayer Lipid Membrane in the Presence of a Hydrophobic Ion or an Ionophore
Osamu Shirai, Akihiro Uehara, Hajimu Yamana, Toshihiko Ohnuki, Yumi Yoshida,
and Sorin Kihara …………………………………………………………………………………………… 55
Evaluation of the Associate Constant of a Phospholipid – Ca2+ Complex Using a PhospholipidMonolayer Adsorbed at an Aqueous | 1,2-dichloroethane Interface
Yumi Yoshida, Kohji Maeda, and Osamu Shirai ………………………………………………………… 61
A Continuous Flow System for In-Situ XANES Measurements of Change in Oxidation State ofCe(III) to Ce(IV)Toshihiko Ohnuki, Takahiro Yoshida, Takuya Nankawa, Takuo Ozaki, Naofumi Kozai,
Fuminori Sakamoto, Yoshinori Suzuki, and Arokiasamy J. Francis ……………………………………… 65
External Scanning Proton Microprobe –A New Method for In-Air Elemental Analysis–
T. Sakai, M. Oikawa, and T. Sato ………………………………………………………………………… 69v

Associations of Eu(III) with Gram-Negative Bacteria, Alcaligenes faecalis, shewanella putrefaciens,and Paracoccus denitrificans
Takuo Ozaki, Takaumi Kimura, Toshihiko Ohnuki, and Arokiasamy J. Francis ………………………… 73
Adsorption of Th(IV) and Pu(IV) on the Surface of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis
in the Presence of Desferrioxamine Siderophore
Takahiro Yoshida, Takuo Ozaki, Toshihiko Ohnuki, and Arokiasamy J. Francis………………………… 77
Separation of Rare Earth Elements by Microorganisms
Takehiko Tsuruta ………………………………………………………………………………………… 81
Microbially Mediated Removal of Np(V) by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans–Implication of Microbial Immobilization at the Radioactive Waste Repository–
Toru Nagaoka ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 85
The Formation of Insoluble Tc Depends on Bacterial Activity
Nobuyoshi Ishii, Hiroyuki Koiso, and Shigeo Uchida …………………………………………………… 87
Sorption of Eu(III) on Pseudomonas fluorescens in the Presence of Citric Acid
Yoshinori Suzuki, Takuya Nankawa, Takahiro Yoshida, Takuo Ozaki, Toshihiko Ohnuki,Arokiasamy J. Francis, Satoru Tsushima, Youichi Enokida, and Ichiro Yamamoto ……………………… 91
Effect of Eu(III) on the Degradation of Malic Acid by Pseudomonas fluorescens and the Subsequent
Production of Pyruvic Acid
Takuya Nankawa, Yoshinori Suzuki, Takuo Ozaki, Toshihiko Ohnuki, and Arokiasamy J. Francis …… 95
Effect of Uranium (VI) on the Growth of Yeast and Influence of Metabolism of Yeast on Adsorptionof U (VI)
F. Sakamoto, T. Ohnuki, N. Kozai, E. Wakai, T. Fujii, H. Iefuji, and A. J. Francis ……………………… 99
Role of Microorganisms in the Redistribution of Heavy Metals between Soil Phases: Model Study
Perelomov Leonid, Kandeler Ellen, and Perelomova Irina ……………………………………………… 103
Cs Accumulation Behavior by Pseudomonas fluorescens
Atsushi Nakao, Takahiro Yoshida, Takuo Ozaki, Toshihiko Ohnuki, Shinya Funakawa,and Takashi Kosaki ……………………………………………………………………………………… 107
Uptake of Radiocesium by Hypha of Basidiomycetes –Radiotracer Experiments–
Tadaaki Ban-nai, Satoshi Yoshida, Yasuyuki Muramatsu, and Akira Suzuki …………………………… 111
Accumulation of Cu and Its Oxidation State in Tremolecia atrata (Rusty-Rock Lichen) Mycobiont
H. Fujii, K. Hara, K. Komine, T. Ozaki, T. Ohnuki, and Y. Yamamoto ………………………………… 115vi