ISSN 2189-9592

Journal of Japanese Management
Vol. 6, No.2, May 2022

JFMRA
Japan Federation of Management relatedAcademies

Editor-in-Chief （Vice President）
Yutaka Ueda (Japan Society for Information and Management, Seikei University)
Founding Editor-in-Chief
Fangqi Xu (Japan Creativity Society, Kindai University)

Editorial Board
Seinior Editors
Hisamitsu Ihara (Japan Society for Applied Management, Yutaka College)
Kiyoshi Murata (Japan Society for Information and Management, Meiji University)
Hiroshi Obata (Japan Accounting Association, Meiji Gakuin University)
Tomokazu Seki (Japan Scholarly Association for Asian Management, Rikkyo University)
Associate Editors (International Advisory Board)
Andrew A. Adams (Meiji University)
Katsuki Aoki (Meiji University)
Mario Arias-Oliva (Complutense University of Madrid)
Ana María Lara Palma (University of Burgos)
Thomas Taro Lennerfors (Uppsala University)
Bernd Carsten Stahl (De Montfort University)

Advisory Board
Norio Kanbayashi (Japan Academy of Business Administration, Kobe University)
Nobutaka Kazama (Association for the Study of Industrial Management, Meiji University)
Akira Uchino (Japan Society of Business Mathematics, Senshu University)

ISSN 2189-9592

Journal of Japanese Management
Vol.6, No.2, May 2022-)05$
Japan Federation of Management relatedAcademies

Journal of Japanese Management Vol.6, No.2, November 2022
©2022 Japan Federation of Management related Academies
All rights reserved. This journal may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written
permission except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection
with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similaror dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden.
The original English language edition published by JFMRA.

From the Editorial Board:
The Journal of Japanese Management (JJM) was first published in 2000 as aninternational journal in the field of management, publishing only English papers. In orderto start this journal, significant contributions were made by Dr. Fangqi Xu, the first Editorin-Chief, former professor of Kindai University, as well as directors of the Japan
Federation of Management related Academies (JFMA); their contributions have beenwell-recognized and deeply appreciated.
We acknowledge that the publication of English journals is crucial and almost
unavoidable to communicate with the academic community across the world. Over thelong history of management studies in Japan, many papers would have made more
extensive contributions toward developing management theories worldwide if they had
been published in English. However, no matter how exceptional the papers are, theacademic community outside Japan would have very few opportunities to access them ifthey are available only in Japanese.
Although some academic societies affiliated to the JFMA periodically allow theirmembers to submit English papers, others have continued to publish papers only inJapanese, since they face certain challenges in establishing an appropriate review system.
Therefore, this international journal is crucial for such academic societies, andaccordingly, it has been positioned as one of the essential activities of JFMA.
This journal includes papers submitted by members of academic societies participating in
JFMA or papers recommended by these societies. Although the submission process issomewhat different, both types of papers are accepted through a rigorous review process,and their quality is ensured.
The contributions of authors and reviewers of papers are indispensable for any academic
journal. Specifically, a steady review process is made possible only with the dedicatedsupport of anonymous reviewers. The outstanding contribution of these reviewers isgreatly appreciated.
Finally, we hope that all the papers in this journal offer intellectual stimuli to our readersand contribute to developing various fields of management theory.
Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Japanese Management
Yutaka Ueda, Ph. D.
Professor of Management, Seikei University

Journal of Japanese Management Vol.6, No.2, May 2022

ISSN 2189-9592

Contents

Improvement and Validation of a Model for Tourism Destination Brand Equity in Japan・・・・・・・・・・・・・p.1
Masaki Toyama

Recommended Paper by the Nippon Urban Management and Local Government ResearchAssociation(NUMLGRA)The Effectiveness and Limitations of the PFI for a Water Utility: Case Study of the Kawai
Purification Plant Reconstruction Project in Japan・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・p.17

Ooshima Makoto