Ecosystem Modeling in Cobscook Bay, Maine: A Boreal, Macrotidal Estuary
2004

Northeastern Naturalist

11(Special Issue 2):261–324

Cobscook Bay Inventory: A Historical Checklist of
Marine Invertebrates Spanning 162 Years
THOMAS J. TROTT*
Abstract - Cobscook Bay inventory is a historical checklist that documents
nearly 800 species of macroinvertebrates found in Cobscook Bay, ME, based oncollection records spanning the past 162 years. Information on species occurrence over time has been compiled from published literature, museum collection
records, electronic databases, graduate students theses, and species collection
lists from invertebrate zoologists. Nearly all records have been reviewed for thevalidity of identifications by an international group of taxonomic specialists.
Accepted species names and their authorities are listed along with alternatenames used previously for well over a century. This format results in a historical
timeline of the occurrence of species in Cobscook Bay that starts with discovery
and continues through past and recent records for each species. It is hoped thisdatabase will provide a baseline that will be updated with discoveries of new
species, made by developing molecular techniques and observed changes in
species occurrence from invasions or local extinctions, to keep its historicalperspective intact.

Introduction
Cobscook Bay, ME, is the northern-most bay on the east coast of theUnited States near the United States-Canada border at the mouth of the
Bay of Fundy. The Bay amounts to approximately 110 km2 and lies
behind an open boundary between Eastport and Lubec (Fig. 1). This
boreal, macrotidal estuary is dominated by energetic tides of high amplitude that result in thorough mixing of the water column. Source water iscool, nutrient-rich continental slope water that enters the Gulf of Maine
through the deep Northeast Channel and spreads along the bottom to the
upwelling zone at the mouth of the Bay of Fundy. The geographic
boundary of the Bay proper can be extended out into the Head Harbor
Passage when physical oceanographic information of water circulation isconsidered to define the region. Extreme tides, tidal upwelling, highincidence of summer fog shielding the intertidal from solar radiation, andunusually varied habitats have all been implicated as reasons for thediverse invertebrate fauna of Cobscook Bay (Trott and Larsen 2003). The
distribution of surficial sediments is one indication of the diversity ofintertidal and subtidal environments present in the Bay (Fig. 2).
*

R.S. Friedman Field Station, Edmunds, ME 04628; Biology Department, Suffolk University, 41 Temple Street, Boston, MA 02114; codfish2@earthlink.net.

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Early explorations of Cobscook Bay and the surrounding region
make the historical perspective of this checklist possible. The highproductivity of this ecosystem was recognized in 1872 by the UnitedStates Fish Commission (now the National Marine Fisheries Service[NMFS]) with the establishment of the second station in its history at
Eastport, ME, the first station being located at Woods Hole, MA.
Twenty-nine years earlier, J.W. Mighels had published records of marine molluscs from Cobscook Bay (Mighels 1843), and a decade later,
William Stimpson published his findings from summer explorations
around Eastport and the neighboring island of Grand Manan (Stimpson
1851a, 1853). Nearly another decade passed before C.B. Fuller(1862a,b) reported on invertebrates collected from Treat’s Island andFigure 1. Map of Cobscook Bay, ME. Inset illustrates general location of
Cobscook Bay in relation to the Gulf of Maine.

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T.J. Trott263

other locations in the vicinity of Eastport. Records of the invertebrates
from Cobscook Bay then began to appear more frequently in the literature, authored by a graduate student of Louis Agassiz, originally from
Maine, who became the first Professor of Zoology of Yale College. Hisname was Addison E. Verrill, and he spearheaded the US Commission’s
explorations into the waters of the Gulf of Maine. The highly diverse
and abundant invertebrate fauna of Cobscook Bay was the focus of apresentation by Verrill to the Essex Society in which he described how
with ease so many examples of every phylum could be found during awalk in the intertidal or below the wharfs of Eastport (Verrill 1871b).
His words resonated those of Stimpson (1851a), who had reported 20
years previous that two or three hundred species of different classes
might be found in the Fundy Isles during a single low tide.
This inventory of the marine invertebrate fauna of Cobscook Bay
spans 162 years from Mighels (1843) to the present (see Larsen and
Gilfillan 2004, Trott 2004a). Records prior to 1900 are primarily from
dredging, which was the common sampling technique of the time.
However, Stimpson (1851a) observed that many species that occur
subtidally in the southern Gulf of Maine are present intertidally, anobservation later verified for the Eastport area by Fuller (1862a,b). This
unusual distribution is one reason why collections made after the turn ofthe century were almost entirely from the intertidal zone.
Cobscook Bay Intertidal and Subtidal Environments

Figure 2. Surficial geology map for Cobscook Bay, ME (Kelley and Kelley2004).

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Faunistic information used to construct this document was drawn fromliterature, museum collections, electronic databases, and species lists.
Major monographs, peer-reviewed publications, government reports, andgraduate theses formed the majority of the literature-based knowledge forthis inventory. It includes all of Verrill’s published records for Eastport
and the Bay proper in addition to other major early works, e.g., Holmes(1905), Richardson (1905), and Webster and Benedict (1887). Museum
records, primarily from the National Museum of Natural History,
Smithsonian Institution, and the Peabody Museum, Yale University,
comprise the source of collections-based knowledge and contributed
greatly to the certainty of species identifications.
There is a level of redundancy created by using these sources incombination. For example, many of Verrill’s published collections arein the holdings of the Peabody Museum and therefore are often crossreferenced when both Verrill and the Peabody Museum are listed asrecords for a particular species. Another source of overlap stems frompapers published in the Boston Society of Natural History series “Fauna
of New England” that included the records of Verrill, Stimpson,
Mighels, and others. There is no attempt to calculate the degree ofoverlap within and between these sources. An important noteworthy fact
is, however, that the Peabody Museum holds specimens deposited bycollectors more recent than Verrill, and many of the authors of thecontributions to the Fauna of New England included new record information. When new records were listed within sources such as these, theoriginal source of the information was not cited. This information is left
to the reader to discover if it is sought. Collection records for specimens
held at the Peabody Museum are accessible online (Division of Invertebrate Zoology 2005).
A third source of information is now available in the form of electronic
databases. Websites for Gastropoda (Rosenberg 2003–04), Hexacorallia(Fautin 2004, Fautin and Buddemeier 2003), and Turbellaria (Tyler et al.
2005) were used to determine synonymies, authorities, and location information for these groups. Electronic databases were not the exclusive
source of these types of information.
A fourth smaller, but not insignificant, source of information camefrom species lists of taxonomists and invertebrate zoologists, whose work
would have gone unknown otherwise. These contributors donated theirinformation towards this effort freely. Their generosity is acknowledged
here: Dr. Terrence Gosliner, California Academy of Sciences; Dr. Paul
Langer, Gwynedd Mercy College; Dr. Peter F. Larsen, Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences; Professor Rachel Merz, Swarthmore College,
who donated collection records of the late Professor Norman Meinkoth;Professor Nathan W. Riser, Emeritus, Marine Science Center, Northeastern University; and Professor Seth Tyler, University of Maine, Orono.

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The search for the most recent, accepted valid names for the numerous
reported species from Cobscook Bay was the most difficult task of
preparing this inventory. The weight of this fell upon taxonomists who
were solicited for their interest in reviewing lists of species in their taxa of
specialty. They also contributed information flagging suspected
misidentifications and authorship errors passed down through the literature. The generous contributors listed in Table 1 who voluntarily donatedtheir spare time to this task are gratefully acknowledged.
Additional information on specific groups was supplied by Daphne
Fautin, Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center,
University of Kansas, Cnidaria; Peter J. Hayward, University ofSwansea, United Kingdom, Ectoprocta; Gerhard Pohle, Huntsman Marine Science Centre, New Brunswisk, Crustacea; Larry Harris, Department of Zoology, University of New Hampshire, Nudibranchia; andAndrea Waeschenbach, The Natural History Museum, United Kingdom,
Ectoprocta. Appreciation is also given to those who volunteered theirexpertise that eventually was not needed because of the lack of information about their taxon of specialty: Frank Ferrari, National Museum of
Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, planktonic Copepoda; Louis
Kornicker, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Ostracoda; and Richard Heard, University of Southern Mississippi,
Tanaidacea. Without the unselfish assistance of all contributors, thequality of this publication would be below its present level.
Table 1. Taxonomic reviewers and contributors to the Cobscook Bay Inventory.
Taxonomic specialist

Institution

Taxon

Pierre Brunel

Université de Montréal

Stephen Cairns
Dale Calder
Edward Cutler
Kristian Fauchald
Terrence Gosliner
Brian Kensley

National Museum of Natural History
Royal Ontario Museum
Museum of Comparative Zoology
National Museum of Natural History
California Academy of Sciences
National Museum of Natural History

Rafael Lemaitre
Richard Modlin
Françoise Monniot
Jon Norenburg
Mark OhmanDavid Pawson
Klaus Ruetzler
Nathan Riser

National Museum of Natural History
University of Alabama
Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle
National Museum of Natural History
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
National Museum of Natural History
National Museum of Natural History
Marine Science Center, Northeastern Univ.

Gary Rosenberg
Seth Tyler
Robert Jay Van Syoc
Thomas Waller
Judith Winston

Academy of Natural Sciences
University of Maine, Orono
Californian Academy of Sciences
National Museum of Natural History
Virginia Museum of Natural History

Amphipoda
and Cumacea
Cnidaria
Cnidaria
Sipuncula
Polychaeta
Nudibranchia
Isopoda andDecapoda
AnomuraMysidacea
Ascidiacea
Nemertea
Euphausiacea
Echinodermata
Porifera
Nemertea andPlatyhelminthes
Gastropoda
Platyhelminthes
Cirripedia
Bivalvia
Ectoprocta

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Some groups remained for tracing synonyms because of my inability
to recruit specialists due to lack of time or availability. The
Cephalopoda, Chaetognatha, Ctenophora, Hemichordata, Nematoda,
Priapulida, Pycnogonida, and Scaphopoda fell into this category. Fortunately, these taxa contain few records that made a daunting task lessstrenuous, aided by reviewers who volunteered their knowledge whenpossible. Synonyms and previously used names for species in these andother taxa were traced by me to valid species names often but not
exclusively using: Abbott (1974), Bousfield (1973), Brunel et al.
(1998), Cairns et al. (1991), Clark and Downey (1992), Costello et al.
(2001), Cutler (1994), Fauchald (1997), Gosner (1971), Macpherson(1971), Pollock (1998), Schultz (1968), Squires (1990), Turgeon et al.
(1998), Williams (1984), and Williams et al. (1998).
The high degree of scholarship of all resources makes reasonably
certain the validity of identifications used to construct this inventory. In
cases where records originated from museums, voucher specimens areavailable to confirm species identifications. Doubtful species records
for each phylum, identified by taxonomic reviewers, appear in sections
titled “Uncertain Records.” Reasons for questioning these identifications are referenced by footnotes annotated near the end of each phylum.
The concept of validity for species used in producing this document,
though rigorous by all attempts, is none-the-less limited given developing molecular techniques for identifying species. For example,
Hydractinia polyclina so closely resembles H. echinata morphologically that the two species can be distiguished only on the basis ofmolecular data (D. Calder, pers. comm.). Molecular techniques could
distinguish new species among species included in this list.
There are obvious shortages and gaps in this list concerning specific taxa. Groups imperfectly known were left out early in strategizing
the preparation of this inventory. Intentionally not included were mostmeiofauna (e.g., Protista, Kinorhyncha, Gnathostomulida, Loricifera,
Rotifera, Cycliophora, Gastrotricha, etc.), most parasites (e.g., parasitic Nematoda, Acanthocephala, Cestoda, etc.) and Insecta.
Meiofauna are uncommon targets for collection because of their small
size and equally uncommon taxonomic specialists who can identify
them. Other taxa that have no species records for Cobscook Bay, butwere reviewed to be included are most microfauna (e.g.,Branchiopoda, Branchiura, Copepoda, Ostracoda, Tardigrada, etc.),
Echiura, Aplacophora, and Tanaidacea. Size alone does not explain thelack of species records. In many cases, the lack of records probably
results from these groups not having been the focus of collections and/or identifications. Species records of these groups exist from otherlocalities in the Gulf of Maine, so their absence from Cobscook Bay
was somewhat unexpected.

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The higher taxa within each phylum are arranged according to themost recently published phylogeny in Brusca and Brusca (2003). Phyla
that follow a different scheme based on cladistic analysis are Polychaeta(Fauchald and Rouse 1997, Rouse and Fauchald 1997) and Platyhelminthes (Tyler et al. 2005). Publications of the American Fisheries
Society were used to organize Mollusca and Cnidaria, and Hayward(2001) was used for Ectoprocta. Sponges were organized according to
the classification of Hooper and van Soest (2002). Species are always
listed in alphabetical order within their families.
Species reported in this inventory are listed with the following styleand format:
Accepted Species Name Author, Date
Accepted Species Name Abbreviated Records(s)Previously used name Abbreviated Record(s)Bold italics are used to identify accepted species names with their authorities. The format that follows is a chresonomy, i.e., a list of usages of names
analogous to a “chrestomathy” in literary fields. These fall into fivecategories: a) identical to current usage and written in regular italics; b)using the same trivial epithet, but in combination with a different genericname (alternative combination) or at a different rank (species versus
subspecies or variety); c) synonyms (which can also have alternate ranks,
combinations, and misspellings); d) misapplications of names (i.e.,
misidentifications); and e) misspellings. Regular italics are associatedwith accepted names of species, and roman font for names used previously.
All are followed by abbreviated records that are defined in a key to theabbreviations at the end of each phylum. Each abbreviation refers to thesource of a record along with the date of publication. While unconventional for unpublished records, years that donated species lists wereassembled are also reported to help complete a timeline for collections ofspecies they refer to. These also appear in the Literature Cited along withpublished records. Taxonomic information about particular species isreferenced by footnotes annotated at the end of each phylum.
The value of this style and format is the inclusion of names of species
associated with the sources used to construct this inventory. What results is
a historical timeline of the occurrence of species in Cobscook Bay thatstarts with discovery and continues through past and recent records foreach species. This timeline of occurrence is only as perfect as the intensityand focus of collections. Another benefit of the format is that ecologists,
physiologists, and general biologists can use this species list to avoid thedetective work of tracing previously used names along a twisted thread ofsometimes obscure publications to determine currently accepted names. In
this regard, the inventory's utility extends beyond Cobscook Bay since
many species occur elsewhere in the Gulf of Maine (Trott and Larsen 2003).

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Cobscook Bay Marine Invertebrate Checklist
It is hoped that the scientific community, educators, students, planners, and interested laymen will find the information contained in thefollowing pages useful in understanding the diverse community of animals found within Cobscook Bay. I invite with hope that mistakes andadditions will be relayed to me in order to keep this species inventory
complete and current.
Phylum Porifera ..................................................................................... 268
Phylum Cnidaria .................................................................................... 270
Phylum Ctenophora ............................................................................... 275
Phylum Platyhelminthes ........................................................................ 276
Phylum Nemertea .................................................................................. 277
Phylum Nemata (Nematoda) ................................................................. 278
Phylum Priapula ..................................................................................... 279
Phylum Sipuncula .................................................................................. 279
Phylum Annelida ................................................................................... 279
Phylum Arthropoda ............................................................................... 290
Phylum Mollusca ................................................................................... 298
Phylum Ectoprocata ............................................................................... 310
Phylum Brachiopoda ............................................................................. 311
Phylum Echinodermata .......................................................................... 312
Phylum Chaetognatha ............................................................................ 314
Phylum Hemichordata ........................................................................... 314
Phylum Chordata ................................................................................... 315
PHYLUM PORIFERAClass Calcarea
Order Clathrinida
Family Clathrinidae
Clathrina coriacea(Montagu, 1818)
Clathrina coriacea L
Order Leucosolenida
Family Leucosoleniidae

Leucosolenia botryoides(Ellis and Solander,
1786)
Leucosolenia botryoides
L, P, R, S, T, Wi
Family Sycettidae
Sycon ciliatum O. Fabricius, 1780
Scypha ciliata L, M, P, R,
S, T, Wi

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Class Demospongiae
Halichondria panicea
Order Halisarcida(Pallas, 1766)
Family Halisarcidae
Halichondria panicea L,
Halisarca dujardini
O, P, R, S, T, Wi
Johnston, 1842
Halichondria sitiens
Halisarca dujardini R(Schmidt, 1870)
Order Poecilosclerida
Pellina sitiens L, P
Family Acarnidae
Hymeniacidon heliophila
Iophon nigricans(Parker, 1910)(Bowerbank, 1863)
Hymeniacidon
Iophon nigricans L, M, P
heliophaila M
Family Microcionidae
Order Haplosclerida
Microciona prolifera (Ellis
Family Chalinidae
and Solander, 1786)
Haliclona canaliculata
Microciona prolifera L,
Hartman, 1958
P
Haliclona canaliculata P
Family Myxillidae
Haliclona oculata (Pallas,
Myxilla fimbriata
1766)(Bowerbank, 1864)
Haliclona oculata L, R,
Myxilla fimbriata L
S, Wi
Myxilla incrustans
Order Hadromerida(Johnston, 1842)
Family Clionaidae
Myxilla incrustans L, P
Cliona celata Grant, 1826
Family Tedaniidae
Cliona celata L, P, S, Wi
Tedania suctoria (Schmidt,
Pione vastifica (Hancock,
1870)
1849)
Tedania suctoria L
Cliona vastifica L, P
Family Mycalidae
Family Polymastiidae
Mycale lingua (Bowerbank,
Polymastia robusta(Bowerbank, 1816)
1858)
Polymastia robusta L,
Mycale lingua L
Lr2, Lr3, M, P
Mycale ovulum (Schmidt,
Family Suberitidae
1870)
Suberites ficus (Pallas,
Mycalecarmia ovulum L,
1766)
P
Suberites ficus L, P
Family Isodictyidae
Isodictya deichmannae deLaubenfels, 1949
Key to the Abbreviations for Porifera
Isodictya deichmannae
L
Langer 1973
L, P, Pe
Lr2
Larsen and Doggett 1975
Isodictya palmata (Ellis andLr3
Larsen 1975
Solander, 1786)
M
Meinkoth 1975
Isodictya palmata L, P, RO
O’Brien 1972
Order Halichondrida
P
Perkins and Larsen 1975
Family Halichondriidae
Pe
Peabody Museum
Halichondria bowerbanki
R
Riser 1970
Burton, 1930
S
Spencer 1973
Halichondria
T
Trott 2004bbowerbanki P, Pe
Wi
Weiss 1980

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Class Hydrozoa*An asterisk (*) preceeds species listed
under both their hydroid and medusoid
Class Scyphozoa
stages.
Order Stauromedusae
Order Anthoathecatae—athecate
Suborder Eleutherocarpidahydroids
Family Lucernariidae
Family Clavidae
Haliclystus auricula
Clava multicornis(Rathke, 1806)(Forsskål, 1775)
Haliclystus auricula B, P
Clava leptostyla F, L, O,
Haliclystus salpinx Clark,
P, R, S, T
1863
Family Hydractiniidae
Haliclystus salpinx L, M,*Hydractinia americana
P, S
Edwards, 1972
Halmocyathus lagena (O.
1
Podocoryne carnea L
F. Müller, 1776)
Hydractinia echinata
Halimocyathus lagena B(Fleming, 1828)
Lucernaria quadricornis
Hydractinia
echinata L,
O. F. Müller, 1776
P, S
Lucernaria quadricornis
Family Bougainvilliidae
B, L, M, P, Pe, S, V6*Bougainvillia
Suborder Cleistocarpida
superciliaris (L.
Family Depastridae
Agassiz, 1849)
Craterolophus convolvulus
Bougainvillia(Johnston, 1835)
superciliaris B
Craterolophus convolvuFamily Pandeidae
lus L, P, R
*Leuckartiara octona
Order Semaeostomeae(Fleming, 1823)
Family Cyaneidae
Campanularia repens
Cyanea capillata
USNM(Linnaeus, 1758)
Family Eudendriidae
Cyanea capillata B, L,
Eudendrium capillare
M, P, USNM
Alder, 1856
Cyanea arctica V6
Eudendrium capillare
Family Ulmaridae
USNM
Aurelia aurita (Linnaeus,
Eudendrium tenue Wi
1758)
Eudendrium cochleatum
Aurelia aurita B, L, P, T
Allman, 1877
Aurelia flavidula V6
Eudendrium cochleatum
PhacellophoraF
camtschatica Brandt,
Eudendrium dispar L.
1835
Agassiz, 1862
Callinema ornata V2, V3,
Eudendrium dispar F
V6
Eudendrium ramosum
Phacellophora ornata B(Linnaeus, 1758)
Eudendrium ramosum
USNM
PHYLUM CNIDARIA

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Family Bougainvilliidae
Family Zancleidae*Bougainvillia*Zanclea costatasuperciliaris (L.
Gegenbaur, 1857
Agassiz, 1849)
Zanclea costata M
Bougainvillia
Family Acaulidae
superciliaris B
Acaulis primarius
FamilyPandeidae
Stimpson, 1853
Catablema vesicarium (A.
Acaulis primarius V6
Agassiz, 1862)
Candelabrum phrygium
Catablema vesicaria B(O. Fabricius, 1780)*Leuckartiara octona
Blastothela rosea V11(Fleming, 1823)
Family Corymorphidae
Leuckartiara octona B
Corymorpha nutans M.
Campanularia repens
Sars, 1835
USNM
Corymorpha nutans Fl
Family Zancleidae
Corymorpha pendula L.
*Zanclea costata
Agassiz, 1862
Gegenbaur, 1857
Corymorpha pendula L,
Zanclea costata M
Family Corynidae
M, P, S, USNM
*Sarsia tubulosa (M. Sars,
Hybocodon pendula B
1835)
Family Tubulariidae
Sarsia mirabilis B
Ectopleura crocea (L.
Order Limnomedusae
Agassiz, 1862)
Family Olindiidae
Tubularia crocea L, P, Wi
Gonionemus vertens L.
Ectopleura larynx (Ellis
Agassiz, 1862
and Solander, 1786)
Gonionemus vertens L,
Thamnocnidia larynx
P, M
USNM
Order Leptothecatae—thecate hydroids
Tubularia larynx L, P, R,
Family Melicertidae
Wi
Melicertum octocostatum
Tubularia spectabilis L, P
(M. Sars, 1835)
Tubularia tenella F
Melicertum
Tubularia indivisa
octocostatum M
Linnaeus, 1758
Melicertum campanula
Tubularia indivisa M
B, V6
Family Calycellidae
Family Corynidae
Calycella syringa*Sarsia tubulosa (M. Sars,(Linnaeus, 1767)
1835)
Calycella syringa L,
Sarsia mirabilis B
USNM
Order Anthoathecatae—hydromedusae
Calycella pygmaea
Family Hydractiniidae
USNM*Hydractinia americana
Calycellasyringes P
Edwards, 1972
Family Haleciidae
1
Podocoryne carnea L
Halecium articulosum
Hydractinia borealis
Clark, 1875
(Mayer, 1900)
Halecium articulosum F,
Lymnorea borealis B
Pe

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Halecium beanii (Johnston,
1838)
Halecium beanii F,
USNM
Halecium halecinum(Linnaeus, 1758)
Halecium halecinum F,
USNM
Halecium muricatum (Ellisand Solander, 1786)
Halecium muricatum F,
USNM
Halecium sessile Norman,
1867
Halecium sessile USNM
Family Plumulariidae
Nemertesia americana(Nutting, 1900)
Antennularia americana
L, M
Plumularia gracillima (G.
O. Sars, 1873)
Plumaria verrilli Pe
Schizotricha gracillima F
Family Aglaopheniidae
Lytocarpia myriophyllum(Linnaeus, 1758)
Thecocarpus
myriophyllum F
Family Lafoeidae
Lafoea dumosa (Fleming,
1828)
Lafoea dumosa USNM
Hebella pocillum F
Family Campanulariidae
Campanularia
groenlandica
Levinsen, 1893
Campanularia
groenlandica F,
USNM
Campanularia volubilis(Linnaeus, 1758)
Campanularia volubilis
USNM
Clytia volubilis B
Clytia hemisphaerica(Linnaeus, 1767)
Clytia johnstoni USNM
Oceania languida V6
Phialidium languidum B

Vol. 11, Special Issue 2

Laomedea flexuosa Alder,
1857
Campanularia flexuosa
F, O, P, USNM
Obelia dichotoma(Linnaeus, 1758)
Obelia dichotoma B, F
Obelia geniculata(Linnaeus, 1758)
Obelia geniculata F, L,
M, O, P, S, T, USNM
Obelia longissima (Pallas,
1766)
Obelia longissima
USNM
Obelia articulata F
Obelia commissuralis B,
L
Orthopyxis integra(Macgillivray, 1842)
Campanularia caliculata
USNM
Campanularia integra F,
USNM
Rhizocaulus verticillatus(Linnaeus, 1758)
Campanularia
verticillatus L
Family Sertulariidae
Abietinaria abietina(Linnaeus, 1758)
Abietinaria abietina L, P
Diphasia fallax (Johnston,
1847)
Diphasia fallax F, L, P,
USNM
Aphasia fallax P
Diphasia pinastrum(Cuvier, 1830)
Diphasia alata USNM
Dynamena pumila(Linnaeus, 1758)
Dynamena pumila T,
USNM
Sertularia pumila L, M,
O, P, R, S, Wi

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Hydrallmania falcata(Linnaeus, 1758)
Hydrallmania falcata F,
L, P, T
Sertularia argentea(Linnaeus, 1758)
Sertularia argentea Fl
Thuiaria argentea F, L, P
Sertularia cupressina
Linnaeus, 1758
Thuiaria cupressina F
Sertularia latiuscula
Stimpson, 1853
Sertularia latiuscula
USNM
Sertularella polyzonias(Linnaeus, 1758)
Sertularella polyzonias F
Sertularia polyzonias Fl,
Fl2
Sertularella rugosa(Linnaeus, 1758)
Sertularella rugosa L
Sertularia similis Clark,
1876
Thuiaria similis L, P
Symplectoscyphus
tricuspidatus (Alder,
1856)
Sertularia tricuspidata F,
L, P, USNM
Tamarisca tamarisca(Linnaeus, 1758)
Diphasia tamarisca F
Thuiaria articulata (Pallas,
1766)
Thuiaria articulata
USNM
Thuiaria lonchitis F
Order Leptothecatae —hydromedusae
Family Melicertidae
Melicertum octocostatum(M. Sars, 1835)
Melicertum
octocostatum M
Melicertum campanula
B, V6

273

Family Aequoreidae
Aequorea albida L. Agassiz,
1862
Aequorea aequorea var.
albida B
Rhacostoma atlanticum L.
Agassiz, 1850
Aequorea groenlandica B
Family Laodiceidae
Staurophora mertensi
Brandt, 1838
Staurophora mertensi
USNM
Staurophora mertensii B
Staurophora laciniata V6
Family Tiaropsidae
Tiaropsis multicirrata (M.
Sars, 1835)
Tiaropsis diademata B
Order Trachymedusae
Family Rhopalonematidae
Aglantha digitalis (O.F.
Müller, 1776)
Aglantha digitale B
Subclass Siphonophorae
Order Cystonectae
Family Physaliidae
Physalia physalis(Linnaeus, 1758)
Physalia physalis B
Order Physonectae
Family Agalmatidae
Agalma elegans (M. Sars,
1846)
Agalma elegans B
Nanomia cara (A. Agassiz,
1865)
Stephanomia cara B, L
Class Anthozoa
Subclass Ceriantipatharia
Order Ceriantharia
Family Cerianthidae
Cerianthus borealis Verrill,
1873
Cerianthus borealis L, P,
R, T, Wi

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Northeastern Naturalist

Subclass Alcyonaria
Order Alcyonacea
Suborder Alcyoniina
Family Alcyoniidae
Drifa glomerata (Verrill,
1869)
Drifa glomerata Lr2, Lr3
Gersemia rubiformis(Ehrenberg, 1834)
Gersemia rubiformis L,
P, R, USNM
Gersemia carnea V24
Alcyonium carneum Fl,
V, V6
Alcyonium rubiforme V6
Eunephthya rubiformis
Pe

Vol. 11, Special Issue 2

Family Diadumenidae
Diadumene lineata (Verrill,
1869)
Diadumene lineata P
Haliplanella luciae P
Family Edwardsiidae
Edwardsia elegans (Verrill,
1869)
Edwardsia elegans Lr2,
M, P, Pe, R, S, T, V2,
V25, Wi
Edwardsia sipunculoides(Stimpson, 1853)
Edwardsia sipunculoides
Pe, V, V1
Edwardsiellasipunculoides V25
Family Halcampidae
Halcampa duodecimcirrata(M. Sars, 1851)
Halcampa
duodecimcirrata S, P,
R, V25
Edwardsia farinacea V2,
V25
Family Haloclavidae
Iyanthus laevis Verrill,
1864
Iyanthus laevis V1
Peachia parasitica (L.
Agassiz, 1859)
Peachia parasitica Pe,
USNM, V, V6
Bicidiopsis tubicola Pe
Family Metridiidae
Metridium senile(Linnaeus, 1767)
Metridium senile L, Lr3,
O, P, Pe, R, S, T, Wi
Metridium marginatum
V6

Subclass Zoantharia (= Hexacorallia)
Order Actiniaria
Family Actiniidae
Aulactinia stella (Verrill,
1864)
Bunodactis stella M, P,
Pe, S, USNM, V9, V22
Bunodes stella V, V6
Bolocera tuediae (Johnson,
1832)
Bolocera tuediae L
Urticina felina (Linnaeus,
1767)
Urticina felina T
Tealia crassicornis M, O,
USNM
Tealia felina L, P, Pe, S
Urticina crassicornis R,
V6, V22, V25
Family Actinostolidae
Actinostola callosa (Verrill,
1882)
Actinostola callosa P
Stomphia carneola(Stimpson, 1853)
UNCERTAIN RECORDS
Stomphia carneola V23,
Order Anthoathecatae—athecate
V25hydroids
Stomphia coccinea (O.F.
Family Hydractiniidae
Müller, 1776)
2
Hydractinia polyclina (L.
Stomphia coccinea L, P
Agassiz, 1862)
Rhodactinia davisii V
Hydractinia polyclina Pe
Stomphia churchiae
USNM

2004

T.J. Trott275

Order Leptothecatae —thecate hydroids
PHYLUM CTENOPHORA
Family Sertulariidae
3
Abietinaria filicula (Ellis
Class Tentaculata
and Solander, 1786)
Order Cydippida
Sertularia filicula USNM
Family Mertensiidae
Mertensia ovum (O.
1
In part; not Podocoryne M. Sars, 1846
Fabricius, 1780)(D. Calder, pers. comm.).
Mertensia ovum B, V62
According to D. Calder (pers. comm.),
Order Thalassocalycida
Hydractinia polyclina can be distinFamily Pleurobranchiidae
guished from H. echinata only on the
Pleurobranchia pileus
basis of molecular data.
(O.F. Müller, 1776)
3
Alternatively, Abietinaria abieta
Pleurobranchia pileus L,(Linnaeus, 1758) according to D. CalderP, T(pers.comm.).
Family Thalassocalycida
Bolinopsis infundibulum(O.F. Müller, 1776)
Key to the Abbreviations for Cnidaria
Bolinopsis infundibulum
B
Bigelow 1914
B, L, PF
Fraser 1944
Bolina alata V6Fl
Fuller 1862a
Fl2
Fuller 1862b
Class Nuda
L
Langer 1973
Order Beroida
Larsen and Doggett 1975
Lr2
Family Beroidae
Lr3
Larsen 1975
Beroe cucumis Fabricius,M
Meinkoth 1975
1780
O
O’Brien 1972
Beroe cucumis B
P
Perkins and Larsen 1975
Idyia roseola V6
Pe
Peabody Museum
R
Riser 1970
Key to the Abbreviations forS
Spencer 1973
Ctenophora
T
Trott 2004b
B
Bigelow 1914
USNM
United States NationalL
Langer 1973
MuseumP
Perkins and Larsen 1975
V
Verrill 1864
T
Trott 2004b
V1
Verrill 1866
V2
Verrill 1869a
V6
Verrill 1871b
V3
Verrill 1869b
V6
Verrill 1871b
Verrill 1878
V11
V22
Verrill 1899a
V23
Verrill 1899b
V24
Verrill 1922a
V25
Verrill 1922b
Wi
Weiss 1980

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Northeastern Naturalist

PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES

Vol. 11, Special Issue 2

Family Solenofilomorphidae
Myopea “caleum”[undescribed,
mentioned in Hg&Ty]
Myopea “caleum” Ty

Class Acoelomorpha
Order Acoela
Family Convolutidae
Aphanostoma sanguineum
Class Rhabditophora
Beklemischev, 1915
Superorder MacrostomorphaAphanostoma
sanguineum Hg&Ty Order Macrostomida
Family Macrostomidae
Conaperta hortulus Hooge
Paramacrostomum
and Tyler, 2003
tricladoides Riedel,
Conaperta hortulus
1932
Hg&Ty
Paramacrostomum
Praeaphanostoma
tricladoides Ty
wadsworthi Hooge
Order Rhabdocoela
and Tyler, 2003
Suborder “Typhloplanoida”
Praeaphanostoma
Family Trigonostomidae
wadsworthi Hg
Astrotorhynchus bifidus
Praeconvoluta tigrina(McIntosh, 1874)
Hooge and Tyler,
Astrotorhynchus bifidus
2003
Ty
Order Seriata
Praeconvoluta tigrina
Suborder Proseriata
Hg&Ty
Family Coelogynoporidae
Praeconvoluta tornuva
Cirrifera cirrifera Sopott,
Tyler and Hooge,
1972
1999
Cirrifera cirrifera R
Praeconvoluta tornuva
Coelogynopora erotica
Hg
Riser, 1981
Family Anaperidae
Coelogynopora erotica
Anaperus gardineri (Graff,
R
1911)
Coelogynopora schulzii
Anaperus gardineri Hg
Meixner, 1938
Family Otocelididae
Coelogynopora schulzii
Otocelis sandara Hooge andR
Tyler, 2003
Suborder Tricladida
Otocelis sandara Hg&Ty
Infraorder Maricola
Philocelis brueggemanni
Superfamily Bdellouroidea
Hooge and Tyler,
Family Uteriporidae
2003
Subfamily Uteriporinae
Philocelis brueggemanni
Foviella affinis (Oersted,
Hg&Ty
1843)
Family Mecynostomidae
Foviella affinis R
Fovia affinis V20
Paedomecynostomun
Superfamily Procerodoidea
bruneum Dörjes,
Family Procerodidae
1968
Procerodes littoralis
Paedomecynostomun(Ström, 1768)
bruneum Hg
Procerodes littoralis L,
P, R, T

2004

T.J. Trott

Order Polycladida
Suborder Acotylea
Superfamily Planoceroidea
Family Leptoplanidae
Subfamily Leptoplaninae
Leptoplana ellipsoides
Girard in Stimpson,
1853
Leptoplana ellipsoides
V20, Wt
Leptoplana variabilis
Girard, 1850
Leptoplana variabilis
V20
Subfamily Stylochoplaninae
Notoplana atomata O. F.
Müller, 1776
Notoplana atomata M,
O, P, Pe, R, S
Superfamily Stylochoidea
Family Latocestidae
Subfamily Trigonoporinae
Trigonoporus folium
Verrill, 1873
Trigonoporus folium V20
Subfamily Phleniidae
Discocelides ellipsoides(Girard, 1853)
Discocelides ellipsoides
V20
Key to the Abbreviations for
Platyhelminthes
Hg
Hg &Ty
L
M
O
P
R
S
T
Ty
V20
Wt

Hooge 2003
Hooge & Tyler 2003
Langer 1973
Meinkoth 1975
O’Brien 1972
Perkins and Larsen 1975
Riser 1970
Spencer 1973
Trott 2004b
Tyler 2000
Verrill 1892b
Whiteaves 1901

277

PHYLUM NEMERTEAClass Anopla
Order Palaeonemertea
Family Cephalothricidae
Cephalothrix linearis
Rathke, 1799
Cephalothrix linearis R,
V19
Procephalothrix spiralis
Coe, 1930
Procephalothrix spiralisR
Order Heteronemertea
Family Lineidae
Cerebratulus lacteus Leidy,
1851
Cerebratulus lacteus L,
P, T
Cerebratulus fuscus V19,
W&B2, Wt, USNM
Fragilonemertes rosea(Leidy, 1851)1
Micrura leidyi P
Lineus ruber O.F. Müller,
1774
Lineus ruber L, O, P, R,
S, T, Wi
Lineus viridis O.F. Müller,
1774
Lineus viridis R, T, V15,
V19, Wt
Micrura affinis Verrill,
1879 (or Girard in
Stimpson, 1853)
Micrura affinis V19, Wt
Micrura dorsalis Verrill,
1892
Micrura dorsalis Co, V19
Ramphogordius
sanguineus (Riser,
1998)
Myoisophagossanguineus R
Lineus communis V142
Lineus socialis V19

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Northeastern Naturalist

Vol. 11, Special Issue 2

Class Enopla
Family Tetrastemmatidae
Order Hoplonemertea
Tetrastemma candidum
Suborder Monostilifera
O.F. Müller, 1774
Family Prosorhochmidae
Tetrastemma candidum
Oerstedia dorsalis
O, P, R
Abildgaard, 1806
1
Now in part (Riser 1998).
Oerstedia dorsalis R
2
Now in part on United States east coast
Tetrastemma dorsale,variety marmoratum (Riser 1998).
3
Synonym of A. angulatus fide Coe
V19
Tetrastemma dorsale,(1943), but nomen dubium undervariety unicolor V19
original name (Gibson and Crandall 1989).
4
Family Amphiporidae
Nomen dubium fide Gibson andAmphiporus angulatus
Crandall (1989).
5
Nomen dubium in part, Western Atlantic
O.F. Müller, 1774
Amphiporus angulatus L, fide Gibson and Crandall (1989).
6
O, P, R, S, T, V19,
Nomen dubium fide Gibson andW&B2, Wt
Crandall (1989).
3
Amphiporus multisorus
V19
Key to the Abbreviations for Nemertea
Amphiporus bioculatusCo
Coe 1943
McIntosh, 1873–1874
L
Langer
1973
Amphiporus bioculatus
M
Meinkoth 1975
O, P
O
O’Brien 1972
Amphiporus caecus Verrill,
P
Perkins and Larsen 1975
1892
R
Riser 1970
Amphiporus caecus L, P
S
Spencer 1973
4
Amphiporus frontalis
T
Trott 2004b
Verrill, 1892
USNM
United States National
Amphiporus frontalis
Museum
Co, V19
V
Verrill
1880a
5
14
Amphiporus
V
Verrill1880b15
groenlandicus
V19
Verrill 1892a
Oersted, 1843
Webster and Benedict
W&B2
Amphiporus
NMNH Records
groenlandicus Wi
Wi
Weiss 1980
6
Amphiporus heterosorus
Wt
Whiteaves 1901
Verrill, 1892
Amphiporus heterosorus
V19
Amphiporus lactifloreus
PHYLUM NEMATA (NEMATODA)
Johnston, 1828
Amphiporus lactifloreus
Pontonema vulgare
M, R, V14, V19(Bastian, 1865)
Cyanophthalma vittata
Pontonema
vulgaris R(Verrill, 1874)
Cyanophthalma
Key to the Abbreviations for Nemata
cordiceps R
R

Riser 1970

2004

T.J. TrottPHYLUM ANNELIDA

Family Priapulidae
Priapulus caudatus
Lamarck, 1816
Priapulus caudatus L,
Lr3, M, P, R, S, T, Wi

Class Polychaeta
Scolecida
Family Arenicolidae
Arenicola marina(Linnaeus, 1758)
Arenicola marina L, Mc,
P, Pe, R, S, V14, W&B1
Arenicola piscatorum V6
Family Capitellidae
Capitella capitata (O.
Fabricius, 1780)[wrong author van
Beneden cited in
W&B1]
Capitella capitata Lr,
USNM, W&B1
Heteromastus filiformis(Claparède, 1864)
Heteromastus filiformis
P
Notomastus capillaris
W&B1
Notomastus latericeus M.
Sars, 1851
Notomastus latericeus P
Family Maldanidae
Subfamily Euclymeninae
Clymenella torquata(Leidy, 1855) [wrong
author Verrill cited in
W&B1]
Clymenella torquata P,
Pe, W&B1, Wi
Euclymene zonalis (Verrill,
1874)
Euclymene zonalis P
Clymenella zonalis Mc
Praxillella zonalis W&B1
Praxillella praetermissa(Malmgren, 1865)[wrong author Verrill
cited in W&B1]
Praxillella praetermissa
W&B1
Sabaco elongata (Verrill,
1873)
Maldanopsis elongata
Mc

Key to the Abbreviations for Priapula
L
Lr3
M
P
R
S
T
Wi

279

PHYLUM PRIAPULA

Langer 1973
Larsen 1975
Meinkoth 1975
Perkins and Larsen 1975
Riser 1970
Spencer 1973
Trott 2004b
Weiss 1980

PHYLUM SIPUNCULAClass Sipunculidea
Order Sipunculiformes
Family Sipunculidae
Phascolopsis gouldii(Portalés, 1851)
Phascolopsis gouldii P
Order Golfingiiformes
Family Golfingiidae
Nephasoma diaphanes
diaphanes (Gerould,
1913)
Golfingia minuta R
Family Phascolionidae
Phascolion strombus
strombus (Montagu,
1804)
Phascolion strombus
strombus T
Phascolion strombi Lr2,
Pe, USNM
Sipunculus bernnhardus
Fl
Key to the Abbreviations for SipunculaFl
Fuller 1862a
Lr2
Larsen and Doggett 1975
P
Perkins and Larsen 1975
R
Riser 1970
T
Trott 2004b

280

Northeastern Naturalist

Subfamily Nicomachinae
Nicomache lumbricalis(Savigny 1822)[wrong author
Malmgren cited in
W&B1]
Nicomache lumbricalis
Pe, W&B1
Subfamily Rhodininae
Rhodine loveni Malmgren,
1865
Rhodine loveni W&B1
Family Cossuridae
Cossura longocirrata
Webster and
Benedict, 1887
Cossura longocirrata
USNM, W&B1,
W&B2
Family Opheliidae
Ophelina acuminata
Oersted, 1843
Ophelina acuminata Lr2,
Lr3, P, S, R, T
Ammotrypane
aulogaster L
Ophelina aulogastra
W&B1
Travisia carnea Verrill,
1873
Travisia carnea Lr2, Lr3,
M, R, T, Wi
Family Orbiniidae
Subfamily Orbiniinae
Haploscoloplos fragilis(Verrill, 1873)
Haploscoloplos fragilis
P
Haploscoloplos robustus(Verrill, 1873)
Haploscoloplos robustus
P
Naineris quadricuspida (O.
Fabricius, 1780)
Naineris quadricuspida
L, Lr, Mc, P, Pe, R, T,
USNM, W&B1,[variant spelling
Naidonereis in
W&B1], W&B2, Wi

Vol. 11, Special Issue 2

Scoloplos (Leitoscoloplos)
acutus (Verrill, 1873)
Scoloplos(Leitoscoloplos)
acutus P
Scoloplos armiger (O.F.
Müller, 1776) [wrong
authors (Blnv.)
Oersted cited in
W&B1]
Scoloplos armiger Pe,
USNM, W, W&B1,
W&B2
Family Paraonidae
Aricidea (Acesta)
catherinae Laubier,
1967
Aricidea jeffreysii Lr3
Aricidea nolani Webster
and Benedict, 1887
Aricidea nolani USNM,
W&B1,W&B2
Aricidea quadrilobata
Webster and
Benedict, 1887
Aricidea quadrilobata
Mc, USNM, W,
W&B1, W&B2
Levinsenia gracilis(Tauber, 1879)
Paraonis gracilis Lr3
Paraonis fulgens(Levinsen, 1883)
Paraonis fulgens Lr
Family Scalibregmidae
Scalibregma inflatum
Rathke, 1843
Scalibregma inflatum
W&B1, W&B2
Scalibregma minutum
Webster and
Benedict, 1887
Scalibregma minutum
USNM, W, W&B1

2004

T.J. Trott

Palpata
Aciculata
Eunicida
Family Dorvilleidae
Parougia caeca (Webster
and Benedict, 1887)
Parougia caeca R
Family Eunicidae
Eunice pennata (O.F.
Müller, 1776)
Eunice pennata P, Pe
Family Euphrosinidae
Euphrosine borealis
Oersted, 1843
Euphrosine borealis Pe,
W, USNM, W&B1,
W&B2 [varantspelling
Euphrosyne in W&B1, 2]
Family Lumbrinereidae
Lumbrineris acicularum
Webster and
Benedict, 1887
Lumbrineris acicularum
USNM, W&B1
[variant spelling
Lumbrinereis in
W&B1], W&B2
Lumbrineris fragilis (O.F.
Müller, 1776) [wrong
author (Aud. & M.
Ed.) cited in W&B1]
Lumbrineris fragilis L,
Lr3, Mc, P, W, W&B1,
W&B2
Lumbrineris hebes Verrill,
1880
Lumbrineris hebes
W&B1 [variant
spelling Lumbrinereis
in W&B1]
Lumbrineris tenuis(Verrill, 1873)
Lumbrineris tenuis Lr3,P, S
Ninoe nigripes Verrill, 1873
Ninoe nigripes Lr3, P,
W&B1

281

Family Oenonidae
Arabella iricolor (Montagu,
1804)
Arabella iricolor P, T
Drilonereis longa Webster,
1879
Drilonereis longa P
Drilonereis magna Webster
and Benedict, 1887
Drilonereis magna Lr3,
P, USNM, W, W&B1,
W&B2
Family Onuphidae
Nothria conchylega (M.
Sars, 1835) [wrong
author Malmgrencited in W&B1]
Nothria conchylega
W&B1, W&B2
Onuphis conchylega Pe
Phyllodocida
Family Aphroditidae
Aphrodita aculeata
Linnaeus, 1758
Aphrodita aculeata Pe,
W&B1
Aphrodite aculeata V6Aphrodita hastata Moore,
1905
Aphrodita hastata L, Lr3,
Pe
Aphrodite hastata Lr2, P,
S
Laetmonice filicornis
Kinberg, 1855
Laetmonice filicornis Pe
Laetmonice armata
W&B1 [variant
spelling Laetmatoniceof generic name in
W&B1]
Family Chrysopetalidae
Dysponetus pygmaeus
Levinsen, 1879
Dysponetus pygmaeus P,
Pt, W&B2
Taphus hebes USNM, W,
W&B1, W&B2

282

Northeastern Naturalist

Family Goniadidae
Goniada maculata Oersted,
1843
Goniada maculata
USNM, W&B1,
W&B2
Family Glyceridae
Glycera capitata Oersted,
1843
Glycera capitata Lr2, Lr3,
Pe
Rhynchobolus capitatus
W&B1
Glycera dibranchiata
Ehlers, 1868
Glycera dibranchiata
Mc, P, S, T
Euglycera dibranchiatus
W&B1
Family Goniadidae
Goniada maculata Oersted,
1843
Goniada maculata
W&B1
Family Hesionidae
Gyptis vittata Webster and
Benedict, 1887
Gyptis vittata P, USNM,
W&B1, W&B2
Microphthalmus aberrans(Webster and
Benedict, 1887)
Microphthalmus
aberrans P, Pt, R,
W&B2
Podarke aberrans
USNM, W, W&B1,
W&B2
1
Microphthalmus
pettiboneae Riser,
2000
Microphthalmus
pettiboneae R
Family Nephtyidae
Nephtys bucera
Ehlers,1868
Nephtys bucera Lr3, P, R
Nephtys picta Lr2

Vol. 11, Special Issue 2

Nephtys caeca (O. Fabricius, 1780) [wrong
author Oersted cited
in W&B1]
Nephtys caeca P, Pe, S,
T, USNM, W, Wi
Nephthys caeca W&B1,
W&B2
Nephtys ciliata (O.F.
Müller, 1788) [wrong
author Rathke, 1843
cited in W&B1]
Nephtys ciliata L, P, Pe,
USNM
Nephthys ciliata W&B1,
W&B2
Nephtys discors Ehlers,
1868
Nephtys discors Pe
Nephthys discors W&B1
Nephtys incisa Malmgren,
1865
Nephtys incisa S, USNM,
W, Wi
Nephthys incisa W&B1,
W&B2
Nephtys longosetosa
Oersted, 1843
Nephtys longosetosa Lr
Nephtys paradoxa
Malmgren, 1874
Nephtys paradoxa P
Family Nereididae
Neanthes diversicolor (O.F.
Müller, 1776)
Neanthes diversicolor
Lr3
Hediste diversicolor P, R
Nereis diversicolor Lr2
Neanthes virens (M. Sars,
1835)
Nereis grandis V6, W&B2
Nereis virens Lr2, Mc, O,
P, Pe, R, S, USNM,
W&B1, W&B2
Nereis pelagica Linnaeus,
1761
Nereis pelagica L, Lr,
Mc, P, Pe, Pt, USNM,
W&B1, W&B2, Wi

2004

T.J. Trott

Nereis zonata Malmgren,
1867
Nereis zonata Lr2, Lr3
Family Pholoidae
Pholoe minuta (O.
Fabricius, 1780)
Pholoe minuta Lr2, Lr3,
R, W, W&B1, W&B2
[wrong author
Oersted cited in
W&B1, 2]
Family Phyllodocidae
Eteone flava (O. Fabricius,
1780)
Eteone sarsi W&B1
Eteone heteropoda
Hartman, 1951
Eteone heteropoda P
Eteone lactea Claparède,
1868
Eteone lactea M
Eteone longa (O. Fabricius,
1780)
Eteone longa Lr, Lr2, Lr3
Eteone trilineata Webster
and Benedict, 1887
Eteone trilineata Lr2, Lr3,
Pt, USNM, W, W&B1,
W&B2
Eulalia bilineata Johnston,
1840
Eulalia bilineata USNM,
W, W&B1, W&B2
Eulalia dubia W&B1, 2
Eulalia viridis (Linnaeus,
1767) [wrong author
Müller cited in
W&B2]
Eulalia viridis L, M, P,
Pe, USNM, W, W&B2
Mystides borealis Théel,
1879
Mystides borealis P, Pt,
W&B2
Mystides viridis USNM,
W&B1, W&B2
Paranaitis speciosa(Webster, 1880)
Anaitis speciosa W&B1

283

Phyllodoce badia
Malmgren, 1867
Phyllodoce badia W&B1
Phyllodoce groenlandica(Oersted, 1842)
Phyllodoce groenlandica
L, Lr2, Lr3, M, P
(variant spelling P.
groenlandic in P), Pe,
USNM, W&B1,
W&B2
Phyllodoce maculata(Linnaeus, 1767)
Phyllodoce maculata
Lr2, Lr3, USNM,
W&B2
Phyllodoce mucosa
Oersted, 1843
Phyllodoce mucosa Mc,
USNM, W, W&B1,
W&B2
Family Polynoidae
Subfamily Harmothoinae
Eunoe nodosa (M. Sars,
1861) [wrong author
Malmgren cited in
W&B1]
Eunoe nodosa W&B1
[variant spelling
Eunoa in W&B1]
Harmothoe nodosa Pe
Eunoe oerstedi Malmgren,
1865
Eunoe oerstedi Pe
Harmothoe oerstedi Pe
Gattyana cirrhosa (Pallas,
1766)
Gattyana cirrhosa M, P
Nychia cirrosa W&B1
Harmothoe imbricata(Linnaeus, 1767)[wrong author
Malmgren cited in
W&B1]
Harmothoe imbricata L,
Lr2, Lr3, O [variant
spelling Harmathoe inO], P, Pe, R, S, T,
W&B1 [variant
spelling Hamathoë in
W&B1], Wi

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Northeastern Naturalist

Lagisca extenuata (Grube,
1840)
Lagisca extenuata Lr,
Lr3, R
Harmothoe extenuata
Lr2, Pe, Wi [variant
spelling H. extenuate
in Wi]
Lagisca rarispina (M. Sars,
1861) [wrong author(Malmgren) cited in
W&B1]
Lagisca rarispina W&B1
Subfamily Lepidonotidae
Lepidametria commensalis(Webster, 1879)
Lepidametria
commensalis P
Lepidonotus squamatus(Linnaeus, 1767)[wrong author(Kinberg) cited in
W&B1]
Lepidonotus squamatus
L, Lr3, O, P, Pe, R, S,
T, W&B1, Wi
Family Protodriloididae
Protodriloides cf chaetifer(Remane, 1925)
Protodriloides cf
chaetifer R
Family Sigalionidae
Neoleanira tetragona(Oersted, 1845)
Leanira tetragona Pe
Family Sphaerodoridae
Ephesiella minuta(Webster and
Benedict, 1887)
Ephesiella minuta P, Pt,
W&B2
Ephesia gracilis W&B1
Ephesia minuta USNM,
W, W&B1, W&B2
Sphaerodorum gracilis
USNM, W, W&B2

Vol. 11, Special Issue 2

Family Syllidae
Subfamily Autolytinae
Autolytus prolifer (O. F.
Müller, 1788)
Autolytus prolifer L,
USNM, W&B2
Autolytus varians Verrill,
1881
Autolytus solitarius
USNM, W&B1,
W&B2
Autolytus verrilli
Marenzeller, 1892
Autolytus alexandri L,
USNM, W, W&B2
Proceraea ornata W&B1
Stephanosyllis ornata
W&B1
Proceraea cornuta L.
Agassiz, 1862
Autolytus cornutus L,
USNM, W&B1,
W&B2
Proceraea prismatica O.
Fabricius, 1780
Autolytus prismaticus L,
USNM, W, W&B2
Proceraea gracilis Pe,
W&B1, W&B2
Subfamily Eusyllinae
Amblyosyllis cincinnata(Verrill, 1874)
Amblyosyllis cincinnata
R
Amblyosyllis finmarchica(Malmgren, 1867)
Amblyosyllis
finmarchica L, M, P,
Pt, USNM, W&B2
Pterosyllis cincinnata
W&B1 [variant
spelling P. cincinnatta
in W&B1]
Streptosyllis varians
Webster and
Benedict, 1887
Streptosyllis varians P,
Pt, USNM, W, W&B2

2004

T.J. Trott

Syllides benedicti Banse,
1972
Syllides benedicti R,
W&B2
Syllides convoluta Webster
and Benedict, 1884
Syllides convoluta R,
W&B1
Syllides eburneus Riser,
1997
Syllides eburneus R
Syllides longocirrata(Oersted, 1845)
Syllides longocirrata
USNM, W, W&B1,
W&B2
Subfamily Exogoninae
Eusyllis blomstrandi
Malmgren, 1867
Eusyllis blomstrandi L,P, Pt, USNM, W&B1,
W&B2
Exogone dispar (Webster,
1879)
Exogone dispar Lr2, Lr3,
R, W&B2
Exogone hebes (Webster
and Benedict, 1884)
Exogone hebes Lr, Mc,
R, USNM, W, W&B2
Paedophylax hebes
W&B1, W&B2
Exogone longicirrus
Webster and
Benedict, 1887
Paedophylax longicirris
USNM, W, W&B1,
W&B2
Exogone verugera(Claparède, 1868)
Exogone verugera Lr2,
Lr3, W&B2
Paedophylax brevicornis
USNM, W, W&B1,
W&B2
Sphaerosyllis brevifrons
Webster and
Benedict, 1884
Sphaerosyllis brevifrons
R, USNM, W, W&B1,
W&B2

285

Sphaerosyllis erinaceus
Claparède, 1863
Sphaerosyllis erinaceus
W&B2
Sphaerosyllis longicauda
USNM, W, W&B1
Family Syllinae
Ehlersia cornuta (Rathke,
1843)
Syllis cornuta L, P,
USNM, W, W&B2
Syllis pallida W&B1
Syllis gracilis Grube, 1840
Syllis gracilis Lr2, Lr3
Typosyllis pallida (Verrill,
1875)
Typosyllis pallida R
Family Tomopteridae
Tomopteris helgolandica
Greeff, 1879
Tomopteris helgolandicaP
Tomopteris smithii V14
Aciculata incertae sedis
Family Nerillidae
Mesonerilla Remane, 1949
Mesonerilla R (several
unidentified species)
Family Spintheridae
Spinther citrinus(Stimpson, 1854)
Spinther citrinus Pe,
USNM, V6, W,
W&B1, W&B2
Canalipalpata
Family Oweniidae
Myriochele heeri
Malmgren, 1867
Myriochele heeri W&B1
Owenia fusiformis Delle
Chiaje, 1844
Owenia fusiformis Lr3
Owenia assimilis W&B1

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Northeastern Naturalist

Family Sabellidae
Subfamily Fabricinae
Bispira crassicornis (Sars,
1851)
Bispira crassicornis L,
M, S, USNM, W&B2,
Wi
Sabella crassicornis P, Pe
Sabella spetsbergensis W[variant spelling S.
spitzbergensis in W],
W&B1, W&B2
Fabricia stellaris (O.F.
Müller, 1774)
Fabricia sabella Lr, Mc, P
Othonia fabricii W&B1
Subfamily Myxicolinae
Myxicola infundibulum(Montagu, 1808)
Myxicola infundibulum
L, M, P, Pe, R, S [misspelled as Myicola],
T, Wi
Myxicola steenstrupi
Kröyer, 1856
Myxicola steenstrupi Pe,
V6, W&B1
Subfamily Sabellinae
Potamilla neglecta (M.
Sars, 1851)
Potamilla neglecta Pe
Potamilla reniformis (O. F.
Müller, 1771) [wrong
author Malmgren in
W&B1]
Potamilla reniformis L,
M, P, Pe, W&B1
Family Serpulidae
Subfamily Serpulinae
Filograna implexa
Berkeley, 1828
Filograna implexa L, P,
R, W&B1 [variant
spelling Filigrana in
W&B1], Wi
Hydroides dianthus(Verrill, 1873)
Hydroides dianthus Lr3,
P

Vol. 11, Special Issue 2

Spirorbis borealis Daudin,
1800
Spirorbis borealis L, Lr3,
O [misspelled as
Spirobis in O], P, S,T,
Wi
Spirorbis spirillum(Linnaeus, 1758)
Spirorbis spirillum L,
Lr3, O [misspelled as
Spirobis in O], P, T
Spirorbis violaceus
Levinsen, 1883
Spirorbis violaceus L
Vermilia serrula Stimpson,
1854
Vermilia serrula W&B1
Spionida
Family Apistobranchidae
Apistobranchus tullbergi(Théel, 1879)
Apistobranchus tullbergi
W&B2 [variant
spelling A. tulberg in
W&B2]
Ethocles typicus W&B1,
W&B2
Family Spionidae
Dipolydora concharum
Verrill, 1879
Dipolydora concharum
W&B1
Polydora concharum W,
USNM, W&B2
[variant spelling P.
conchara in W&B2]
Dipolydora quadrilobata(Jacobi, 1883)
Dipolydora quadrilobata
P
Laonice cirrata (M. Sars,
1851)
Laonice cirrata W&B2
Scolecolepis cirrata
W&B1
Spionides cirratus
USNM, W&B1,
W&B2

2004

T.J. Trott

Marenzellaria viridis(Verrill, 1873)
Scolecolepis viridis P
Polydora ciliata (Johnston,
1838)
Polydora ciliata P
Polydora cornuta Bosc,
1802
Polydora ligni Lr, P,
USNM, W, W&B2
Polydora gracilis Verrill,
1880
Polydora gracilis W&B1
Prionospio steenstrupi
Malmgren, 1867
Prionospio steenstrupi
USNM, W, W&B1,
W&B2
Pygospio elegans
Claparède, 1863
Pygospio elegans Lr, P,
R, W&B2
Prionospio tenuis Verrill,
1880
Prionospio tenuis W&B2
Spio filicornis (O. F. Müller,
1776)
Spio filicornis Mc, W&B1
Spio rathbuni Webster and
Benedict, 1884
Spio rathbuni USNM, W,
W&B1, W&B2
Spio setosa Verrill, 1873
Spio setosa Lr, P, R,
USNM, W, W&B2
Spiophanes bombyx(Claparède, 1870)
Spiophanes bombyx Mc
Spiophanes wigleyi
Pettibone, 1962
Spiophanes wigleyi Mc
Streblospio benedicti
Webster, 1879
Streblospio benedicti Mc,
USNM, W, W&B1

287

Terebellida
Family Acrocirridae
Acrocirrus leidyi Verrill,
1882
Acrocirrus leidyi R
Macrochaeta sexoculata(Webster and
Benedict 1887)
Macrochaeta sexoculata
W&B2
Ledon sexoculata
USNM, W, W&B1,
W&B2
Family Ampharetidae
Subfamily Melinninae
Melinna cristata (M. Sars,
1851) [wrong author
Malmgren cited in
W&B1]
Melinna cristata W&B1
Subfamily Ampharetinae
Ampharete acutifrons(Grube, 1860)
Ampharete acutifrons
USNM, W&B2
Ampharete cirrata Webster
and Benedict, 1887
Ampharete cirrata
W&B1, W&B2
Ampharete trilobata
Webster and
Benedict, 1887
Ampharete trilobata
USNM, W&B1
Pista maculata (Dalyell,
1853)
Scione lobata W&B1
Sabellides octocirrata (M.
Sars, 1835)
Sabellides octocirrata
W&B1
Family Cirratulidae
Chaetozone setosa
Malmgren, 1867
Chaetozone setosa
W&B1
Cirratulus cirratus (O.F.
Müller, 1776) [wrong
author Malmgrencited in W&B1]
Cirratulus cirratus
W&B1

288

Northeastern Naturalist

Dodecaceria concharum
Oersted, 1843
Dodecaceria concharum
W&B1
Dodecaceria coralii Pe
Tharyx acutus Webster and
Benedict, 1887
Tharyx acutus L, P, W,
W&B1, W&B2
Tharyx similis Webster and
Benedict, 1887
Tharyx similis W&B1
Family Flabelligeridae
Brada granosa Stimpson,
1854
Brada granosa L, Lr3, P,
R, T, W&B1
Brada setosa Verrill, 1873
Brada setosa P
Brada sublaevis Stimpson,
1854
Brada sublaevis W&B1
Brada villosa (Rathke,
1843)
Brada villosa Lr3
Flabelligera affinis M.
Sars, 1829
Flabelligera affinis Lr3,
Pe, R, T, W&B1
Flabelligera grubei(Webster and
Benedict, 1887)
Siphonostomum grubei
USNM, W, W&B1,
W&B2
Pherusa affinis (Leidy,
1855)
Pherusa affinis P, R
Pherusa aspera (Stimpson,
1854)
Trophonia aspera V6,
W&B1
Pherusa plumosa (O.F.
Müller, 1771)
Trophonia plumosa
W&B1
Zorus sarsi Webster and
Benedict, 1887
Zorus sarsi USNM, W,
W&B1, W&B2

Vol. 11, Special Issue 2

Family Pectinariidae
Pectinaria gouldii (Verrill,
1873)
Pectinaria gouldii Lr3, P,
S
Cistenides gouldi R
Pectinaria granulata(Linnaeus, 1767)
Pectinaria granulata P,
L, T
Cistenides granulata
W&B1
Family Sternapsidae
Sternaspis fossor Stimpson,
1854
Sternaspis fossor Fl, Pe,
W&B1
Sternapsis scutata (Renier,
1807)
Sternapsis scutata Lr3
Family Terebellidae
Subfamily Artacaminae
Artacama proboscidea
Malmgren, 1866
Artacama proboscidea
W&B1
Subfamily Amphitritinae
Amphitrite brunnea Verrill,
1879
Amphitrite brunnea Pe,
V6, W&B1
Terebella brunnea P
Amphitrite cirrata O.F.
Müller, 1771
Amphitrite cirrata L, P,
Pe, S, T, USNM,
W&B1
Amphitrite johnstoni
Malmgren, 1866
Amphitrite johnstoni M,
O, P, L, Lr, R, S [misspelled as A.
johnsoni in S], T, Wi
Amphitrite ornata (Leidy,
1855)
Amphitrite ornata O, P,
S, Wi [misspelled as
A. ornate in Wi]
Neoamphitrite affinis(Malmgren, 1866)
Neoamphitrite affinis L,
P, R

2004

T.J. Trott

289

Nicolea zostericola
Class Clitellata(Oersted in Grube,
Subclass Oligochaeta
1860) [wrong author
Family Tubificidae
Malmgren in W&B1]
Subfamily Tubificinae
Nicolea zostericola
Clitellio arenareus (O.F.
W&B1
Müller, 1776)
Subfamily Polycirrinae
Clitellio arenareus R
Polycirrus eximius (Leidy,
Tubificoides benedii
1855)(d’Udekem 1885)
Polycirrus eximius M
Tubificoides benedii R[misspelled as P.
Family Enchytraeidae
eximus in M], P, R
Enchytraeus albidus Henle,
Polycirrus medusa Grube,
1837
1850
Enchytraeus albidus R
Ereutho smitti W&B1
Marionina spicula
Polycirrus ? phoshoreus(Leuckart, 1887)
Verrill, 1880
Marionina spicula R
Polycirrus ? phoshoreus
1
W&B1
Podarke aberrans, pro parte “juvenile
Subfamily Thelepinaeform”; Micropthalmus aberrans, pro
Thelepus cincinnatus (O.
parte (see Riser 2000).
Fabricius, 1780)[wrong author
Malmgren in W&B1] Key to the Abbreviations for Annelida
Thelepus cincinnatus L, P,
L
Langer 1973
Pe, W&B1, Wi [misLr
Larsen et al. 1979
spelled as T.
Lr2
Larsen and Doggett 1975
cinninatus in Wi]
Lr3
Larsen 1975
Thelphusa circinnata V6
M
Mienkoth 1975
Family Trichobranchidae
Mc
McCullough 1981
Terebellides stroemii M.
OO’Brien1972
Sars, 1835
P
Perkins
andLarsen 1975
Terebellides stroemi
Pe
Peabody Museum
W&B1
Pt
Pettibone 1963
Trichobranchus glacialis
R
Riser 1970
W&B1
S
Spencer 1973
T
Trott 2004b
Canalipalpata incertae sedis
USNM
UnitedStates National
Family Polygordiidae
MuseumProtodriloides chaetifer
V6
Verrill 1871b
Remane, 1926
Verrill 1880aV
14
Protodriloides chaetifer
W
Webster NMNH Records
R
W&B1
Webster and Benedict
1887
Polychaeta incertae sedis
W&B2
Webster and Benedict
Family Psammodrilidae
NMNH Records
Psammodrilus
Wi
Weiss 1980
balanoglossoides
Swedmark, 1952
Psammodrilus
balanoglossoides R

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Northeastern Naturalist

PHYLUM ARTHROPODA
Subphylum Crustacea
Class Malacostraca
Subclass Eumalacostraca
Superorder Eucarida
Order Euphausiacea
Family Euphausiidae
Meganyctiphanes
norvegica (M. Sars,
1857)
Meganyctiphanes
norvegica M, T,
USNM
Thysanoessa inermis(Kröyer, 1846)
Thysanoessa inermis Pe,
USNM
Order Decapoda
Suborder Pleocyemata
Infraorder Caridea
Superfamily Palaemonoidea
Family Palaemonidae
Palaemonetes pugio
Holthuis, 1949
Palaemonetes pugio P, T
Palaemonetes vulgaris(Say, 1818)
Palaemonetes vulgaris
O, P
Family Hippolytidae
Caridion gordoni (Bate,
1888)
Caridion gordoni V9Eualus fabricii (Kröyer,1841)
Eualus fabricii P
Hippolyte fabricii Pe, Sm
Spirontocaris fabricii Ra
Eualus gaimardi (H.
Milne-Edwards,
1837)
Spirontocaris gaimardiRa
Eualus pusiolus (Kröyer,1841)
Eualus pusiolus Lr2
Hippolyte pusiola Sm

Vol. 11, Special Issue 2

Lebbeus groenlandicus (J.
C. Fabricius, 1775)
Lebbeus groenlandicus
L, Lr3, P
Hippolyte groenlandica
Pe, SmSpirontocaris
groenlandica Ra
Spirontocaris
groenlandicus L, O,
Wi
Lebbeus polaris (Sabine,
1824)
Lebbeus polaris L, P
Hippolyte polaris Sm
Spirontocaris polaris L
Spirontocaris phippsii(Kröyer, 1841)
Spirontocaris phippsii
Lr2, Lr3, Ra
Hippolyte phippsii Sm
Spirontocaris spinus(Sowerby, 1805)
Hippolyte spinus Sm
Superfamily Pandaloidea
Family Pandalidae
Dichelopandalus
leptocerus (Smith,1881)
Pandalus annulicornis V6
Pandalus montagui Leach,
1814
Pandalus montagui L,
Lr2, Lr3, P
Pandalus annulicornis V6
Superfamily Crangonoidea
Family Crangonidae
Crangon septemspinosa
Say, 1818
Crangon septemspinosa
L, Mc, P, R
Crangon vulgaris V6
Sclerocrangon boreas(Phipps, 1774)
Sclerocrangon boreas L,
P [variant spelling S.
boreal in P], Pe
Crangon boreas V6

2004

T.J. Trott

291

Cancer irroratus Say, 1817
Infraorder Astacidea
Cancer irroratus L, Mc,
Superfamily Nephropoidea
P, R, T, V6, Wi
Family Nephropsidae
Section Brachyrhyncha
Homarus americanus H.
Superfamily Portunoidea
Milne Edwards, 1837
Family Portunidae
Homarus americanus L,
Carcinus maenas
P, R(Linnaeus, 1758)
Infraorder Anomura
Carcinus maenas L, P, R,
Superfamily Paguroidea
T, Wi
Family Paguridae
Superorder Peracarida
Pagurus acadianus
Order Mysidacea
Benedict, 1901
Family Mysidae
Pagurus acadianus L, P,
Mysis gaspensis Tattersall,
R, S, T
1954
Pagurus arcuatus Squires,
Mysis gaspensis Bo, Lr, P
1964
Mysis mixta Lilljeborg,
Pagurus arcuatus L, M
1852
Pagurus longicarpus Say,
Mysis mixta P, Pe, T,
1817
USNM
Pagurus longicarpus P,
Mysis stenolepis Smith,R
1873
Pagurus pubescens Kröyer,Mysis stenolepis Lr, P
1838
Praunus flexuosus (O.F.
Pagurus pubescens Lr2,
Müller, 1776)
Lr3, P, S
Praunus flexuosus P
Infraorder Brachyura
Order Cumacea
Section Oxyrhyncha
Family Bodotriidae
Superfamily Majoidea
Mancocuma stellifera
Family Majidae
Zimmer, 1943
Hyas araneus (Linnaeus,
Mancocuma stellifera P
1758)
Family Leuconidae
Hyas araneus P, R, T
Leucon nasicoides
Hyas coarctatus Leach,(Lilljeborg, 1855)
1815
Leucon nasicoides Ra,
Hyas coarctatus Fl, L, P,
Sm
Wi
Family Diastylidae
Libinia dubia H. Milne
Diastylis lucifera (Kröyer,Edwards, 1834
1841)
Libinia dubia P
Diastylis lucifera Sm
Libinia emarginata Leach,
Diastylis quadrispinosa
1815
G.O. Sars, 1871
Libinia emarginata P, R
Diastylis quadrispinosa
Section Cancridea
Pe, TSuperfamily Cancroidea
Diastylis sculpta G.O. Sars,
Family Cancridae
1871
Cancer borealis Stimpson,
Diastylis sculpta Sm
1859[variant spelling D.
Cancer borealis L, P, R,
sculptus in Sm]
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Vol. 11, Special Issue 2

Order Isopoda
Suborder Gnathiidea
Family Gnathiidae
Suborder Anthuridea
Caecognathia elongata
Family Anthuridae(Kröyer, 1849)
Calathura brachiata
Gnathia cerina Pe,(Stimpson, 1853)
USNM, Rc
Calathura brachiata Pe,
Suborder Oniscidea
Rc
Family Philosciidae
Parathura brachiata Pe
Philoscia vittata (Say,
Cyathura polita (Stimpson,
1818)
1856)
Philoscia vittata Lr
Cyathura polita Lr3, Pe
Suborder Valvifera
Ptilanthura tenuis (Harger,
Family Idoteidae
1878)
Chiridotea caeca (Say,
Ptilanthura tenuis Lr2
1818)
Suborder Asellota
Chiridotea caeca Lr, Mc,
Family Janiridae
P, R, S [mis-spelled as
Jaera albifrons Leach, 1814
C. ceca in S]
sensu lato1
Chiridotea
tuftsii
Jaera albifrons USNM
(Stimpson,
1853)
Jaera copiosa Pe
Chiridotea tuftsii H2, Lr,
Jaera marina L, P, R, T
Lr2, Lr3, R, Ra, Rc
Janira alta (Stimpson,
Edotia triloba (Say, 1818)
1853)
Edotea triloba Lr2, Lr3, P,
Janira alta H2, Pe, Rc
Pe, RFamily Munnopsidae
Edotea montosa Pe, Rc,
Munnopsis typica M. Sars,
USNM
1860
Epelys montosus H2, Pe
Munnopsis typica H2
Idotea balthica (Pallas,
Family Munnidae
1772)
Munna fabricii Kröyer,Idotea balthica L, O, P, R
1846
Idotea metallica Bosc, 1802
Munna fabricii H, Ra
Idotea metallica R
Suborder Epicaridea
Idotea phosphorea Harger,
Family Bopyridae
1873
Bopyroides hippolytes
Idotea phosphorea L, O,(Kröyer, 1838)
P, Pe, R, T
Bopyroides hippolytes
Order Amphipoda
Rc, USNM
Suborder Hyperiidea
Suborder Flabellifera
Family Hyperiidae
Family Limnoriidae
Hyperia galba Montagu,
Limnoria lignorum
1813(Rathke, 1799)
Hyperia galba Ho, Pe, Ra
Limnoria lignorum L
Hyperia medusarum (O.F.
Family Cirolanidae
Müller, 1776)
Politolana concharum
Hyperia medusarum(Stimpson, 1853)
medusarum Pe
Cirolana concharum P
Themisto compressa Goës,Politolana polita
1866(Stimpson, 1853)
Parathemisto compressa
Cirolana polita H, Ra
P

2004

T.J. Trott

Suborder Gammaridea
Family Acanthonotozomatidae
Acanthonotozoma
serratum (O.
Fabricius, 1780)
Acanthonotozoma
serratum Pe
Family Ampeliscidae
Ampelisca macrocephalaLilljeborg, 1852
Ampelisca
macrocephala Lr2,
Lr3, Mc, Pe
Ampelisca vadorum Mills,
1963
Amplesca vadorum Lr2,
Lr3
Byblis gaimardi (Kröyer,1846)
Byblis gaimardi Ho
Byblis serrata Smith, 1873
Byblis serratus Pe
Haploops setosa Boeck,
1870
Haploops setosa Pe
Haploops tubicola
Lilljeborg, 1855
Haploops tubicola Pe
Haploops spinosa Lr3
Family Ampithoidae
Ampithoe rubricata(Montagu, 1808)
Ampithoe rubricata Lr,
M, P, Pe, R
Family Aoridae
Leptocheirus pinguis(Stimpson, 1853)
Leptocheirus pinguis L,
Lr3, P, Pe
Unciola inermis Shoemaker, 1945
Unciola inermis Pe
Unciola irrorata Say, 1818
Unciola irrorata Lr2, Lr3,
Pe, R
Family Calliopidae
Calliopius laeviusculus(Kröyer, 1838)
Calliopius laeviusculus
P, Pe

293

Family Corophiidae
Corophium volutator(Pallas, 1766)
Corophium volutator G2,
L, Mc, P
Crassicorophium bonnellii(Milne-Edwards,
1830)
Corophium bonnellii Lr2,
Lr3
Crassicorophiumcrassicorne(Bruzelius, 1859)
Crassicorophiumcrassicorne Lr3
Corophium crassicorne
R
Monocorophiuminsidiosum(Crawford, 1939)
Corophium insidiosum R
Family Dexamine
Dexamine thea Boeck,
1861
Dexamine thea Lr2, Lr3
Family Epimeriidae
Epimeria loricata G. O.
Sars, 1879
Epimeria loricata Ho
Paramphithoe hystrix (J. C.
Ross, 1835)
Paramphithoe hystrix Pe
Acanthozone cuspidata
Ho
Family Eusiridae
Eusirus cuspidatus Kröyer,1845
Eusirus cuspidatus Pe
Pontogeneia inermis(Kröyer, 1838)
Pontogeneia inermis Pe
Family Gammarellidae
Gammarellus angulosus(Rathke, 1843)
Gammarellus angulosus
Pe, R

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Northeastern Naturalist

Family Gammaridae
Eulimnogammarus
obtusatus (Dahl,
1938)
Marinogammarus
obtusatus Lr
Gammarus annulatus
Smith, 1873
Gammarus annulatus Ra
Gammarus lawrencianus
Bousfield, 1956
Gammarus lawrencianus
Lr, PeGammarus oceanicus
Segerstrale, 1947
Gammarus oceanicus Lr,
Mc, O, P, Pe, R, S
Gammarus setosus
Dementieva, 1931
Gammarus setosus Pe
Marinogammarus
finmarchicus (Dahl,
1938)
Marinogammarus
finmarchicus Lr
Family Hyalidae
Hyale prevostii (MilneEdwards, 1830)
Hyale nilssoni Pe
Family Isaeidae
Gamaropsis melanops G.
O. Sars, 1882
Eurystheus melanops Pe
Gammaropsis maculata
Pe
Gammaropsis nitida(Stimpson, 1853)
Podoceropsis nitida H,
Pe, RaPhotis reinhardi Kröyer,1842
Photis reinhardi Pe
Family Ischyroceridae
Erichthonius difformis
Milne-Edwards, 1830
Erichthonius difformis
Pe

Vol. 11, Special Issue 2

Erichthonius rubricornis(Stimpson, 1853)
Erichthonius rubricornis
Lr3
Ischyrocerus anguipes
Kröyer, 1838
Ischyrocerus anguipes
Lr2, Lr3, Pe
Ischyrocerus megacheir(Boeck, 1870)
Ischyrocerus megacheirPe
Jassa marmorata Holmes,
1903
Jassa falcata R
Family Lysianassidae
Hippomedon serratus
Holmes, 1903
Hippomedon serratus
Lr2, Lr3
Orchomene macroserrata
Shoemaker, 1930
Orchomene
macroserrata Pe
Orchomenella minuta(Kröyer, 1846)
Orchomenella minuta
Lr2, Lr3, Pe
Orchomenella pinguis(Boeck, 1861)
Orchomenella pinguis
Lr2, Lr3
Family Melitidae
Maera danae (Stimpson,
1853)
Maera danae Ho, Pe, Ra
Megamoera dentata(Kröyer, 1842)
Melita dentata Lr2, Lr3
Family Melphidippidae
Casco bigelowi (Blake,
1929)
Casco bigelowi Lr2, Lr3,
Pe
Melphidippa goesi
Stebbing, 1899
Melphidippa spinosa Ho,
Ra

2004

T.J. Trott

Family Oedicerotidae
Deflexilodes intermedius(Shoemaker, 1930)
Monoculodes intermedius Lr2, Lr3
Paroediceros lynceus (M.
Sars, 1858)
Paroediceros lynceus Ho
Family Phoxocephalidae
Harpinia plumosa (Kröyer,1842)
Harpinia plumosa Pe
Harpinia propinqua G. O.
Sars, 1891
Harpinia propinqua Lr2,
Lr3, Pe
Phoxocephalus holbolli(Kröyer, 1842)
Phoxocephalus holbolli
Lr2, Lr3
Family Pleustidae
Pleustes panoplus (Kröyer,1838)
Pleustes panoplus Ho,Pe, RaPleusymtes glaber (Boeck,
1861)
Sympleustes glaber Ra
Stenopleustes inermis
Shoemaker, 1949
Stenopleustes inermis
Lr2, Lr3
Family Podoceridae
Dyopedas porrecta Bate,
1857
Dulichia porrecta Ho, Ra
Family Pontoporeiidae
Amphiporeia lawrenciana
Shoemaker, 1929
Amphiporeia
lawrenciana Pe
Family Stegocephalidae
Stegocephalus inflatus
Kröyer, 1842
Stegocephalus inflatus
Ho, Ra295

Family Stenothoidae
Metopa alderi (Bate, 1857)
Metopa alderi Pe
Metopa glacialis (Kröyer,1842)
Metopa glacialis Pe
Metopa groenlandica(Hansen, 1887)
Metopa groenlandica
Ho, RaMetopa solsbergi
Schneider, 1884
Metopa solsbergi Pe
Proboloides holmesi
Bousfield, 1973
Proboloides holmesi Pe
Family Synopiidae
Syrrhoe crenulata Goës,1866
Syrrhoe crenulata Ra
Family Talitridae
Orchestia gammarella(Pallas, 1766)
Orchestia gammarella
Pe
Platorchestia platensis(Kröyer, 1845)
Orchestia platensis Lr
Family Uristidae
Anonyx lilljeborgi (Boeck,
1870)
Anonyx lilljeborgi Lr2,
Lr3
Gronella groenlandica(Hansen, 1887)
Orchomenella
groenlandica Pe
Suborder Caprellidea
Family Caprellidae
Aeginina longicornis(Kröyer, 1842)
Aeginina longicornis Lr3
Aeginella longicornis
Ho, P, Pe
Aegina longicornis
spinifera Ra
Aegina longicornis
spinosissima Ra

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Northeastern Naturalist

Vol. 11, Special Issue 2

Family Balanidae
Caprella linearis
Subfamily Balaninae(Linnaeus, 1767)
Balanus balanus
Caprella linearis Ho,(Linnaeus, 1758)
Lr2, Lr3, Pe, R, Ra
Balanus balanus L, M, O,
Caprella penantis Leach,P, Pe, S, T, USNM
1814
Balanus porcatus Ra,
Caprella penantis P
USNM
Caprella acutifrons R
Balanuscrenatus
Caprella geometrica O
Bruguière, 1789
Caprella septentrionalis
Balanus crenatus Pe,
Kröyer, 1838
USNM, Wi
Caprella septentrionalis
Superorder Rhizocephala
Ho, L, P, Pe, Ra
Order Kentrogonida
Caprella septentrionalis
Family Peltogastridae
longicornis Ra
Peltogaster paguri Rathke,
Caprella septentrionalis
1842
stimpsoni Ra
Peltogaster paguri Pa
Caprella stimpsoni H
Caprella unica Mayer, 1903
Caprella grahami O
Subphylum Pycnogonida
Class Maxillopoda
Subclass Cirripedia
Superorder Thoracica
Order Pedunculata
Suborder Lepadomorpha
Family Lepadidae
Lepas anatifera Linnaeus,
1758
Lepas anatifera L, P
Dosima fascicularis (Ellisand Solander, 1786)
Dosima fascicularis Pe
Order Sessilia
Suborder BalanomorphaSuperfamily Balanoidea
Family Archaeobalanidae
Subfamily Semibalaninae
Semibalanus balanoides(Linnaeus, 1767)
Semibalanus balanoides
R, T
Balanus balanoides L,
Lr2, O, P, R, S,
USNM, WiClass Pantopoda
Family Nymphonidae
Nymphon grossipes (O.
Fabricius, 1780)
Nymphon grossipes W,
W2
Nymphon hirtipes Bell,1855
Nymphon hirtipes Lr2,
Lr3
Nymphon longitarse
Kröyer, 1844
Nymphon longitarse R
Nymphon stroemi Kröyer,1844
Nymphon stroemi W, W2
Family Ammotheidae
Achelia spinosa (Stimpson,
1853)
Achelia spinosa He, Pe,
Lr3, W, W2
Family Tanystylidae
Tanystylum orbiculare
Wilson, 1878
Tanystylum orbiculare
W

2004

T.J. Trott297

praehirsuta Forsman, 1949 (Perkins andFamily Phoxichilidiidae
Larsen 1975).
Anoplodactylus lentus
2
Either P. nobilis (Stimpson, 1853) or P.
Wilson, 1878
terranovae Steele, 1979 (P. Brunel,
Anoplodactylus lentus
Université de Montréal, pers. comm.).
He, M, P, W, W2
Phoxichilidium femoratum 3Recorded by Perkins and Larsen (1975)(Rathke, 1799)
as Anonyx nugnax. The specimens needPhoxichilidium
to be re-examined for confirmation offemoratum L, P, R, S, this identification (P. Brunel, UniversitéT, USNMde Montréal, pers. comm.).
Phoxichilidium
maxillare W2
Key to the Abbreviations for Arthropoda
Family Pycnogonidae
Bo
Bousfield 1972
Pycnogonum littorale
G
Gilbert1977b
2(Ström, 1762)
H
Harger1880a
Pycnogonum littorale
H2
Harger 1880b
He, L, Lr3, M, P, S, T,
He
Hedgpeth 1948
USNM, W2, Wi
Ho
Holmes
1905
Family Pallenidae
L
Langer 1973
Pseudopallene circularis
Lr
Larsen et al. 1979
(Goodsir, 1842)
Lr
Larsenand Doggett 1975
2
Pseudopallene circularis
Lr
Larsen
1975
3
He
M
Meinkoth 1975
Pseudopallene discoidea
Mc
McCullough 1981
(Kröyer, 1844)
O
O’Brien1972
Pseudopallene discoidea
P
Perkins and Larsen 1975
W, W2
Pa
Packard 1867
Pseudopallene hispida
Pe
Peabody Museum(Stimpson, 1853)
R
Riser 1970
Pseudopallene hispida
Ra
Rathbun 1905
W, W2
Rc
Richardson 1905
S
Spencer 1973
Sm
Smith 1879
UNCERTAIN RECORDS
T
Trott
2004b
Order Amphipoda
USNM
UnitedStates National
Suborder Gammaridea
MuseumFamily Lysianassidae
Verrill 1871bV6
2
Psammonyx nobilis
V
Verrill 1873
9
(Stimpson, 1853)
W
Wilson 1878
Psammonyx nobilis Lr,
W
Wilson 1880
2
Pe
Wi
Weiss 1980
Family Uristidae
31

Anonyx sarsi Steele andBrunel, 1968
Anonyx sarsi P

Includes at least three sibling species in
Maine: Jaera albifrons Leach, 1814; J.
ischiosetosa Forsman, 1949; and J.

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Northeastern Naturalist

Vol. 11, Special Issue 2

Class Gastropoda
Order Patellogastropoda
Family Lottiidae
Class Polyplacophora
Tectura testudinalis (O. F.
Order Neoloricata
Müller, 1776)
Family Lepidopleuridae
Tecturatestudinalis Fl,
Lepidopleurus cancellatus
Lr3, Pe, T(Sowerby, 1839)
Acmaea testudinalis L,
LepidopleurusO, P, Pe, R, S, Wi
cancellatus Lr2
Patella amoena Mg
Family Hanleyidae
Family Lepitidae
Hanleya dalli Kaas, 1957
Lepeta caeca (O. F. Müller,
Lepidopleuridea carinata
1776)
J2
Lepeta caeca L, Lr2, Lr3,
Hanleya mendicaria
Pe(Mighels and Adams, Order Archeogastropoda
1842)
Family Fissurellidae
Hanleya mendicaria J
Puncturella noachina(Linnaeus, 1771)
Chiton mendicarius Pe
Puncturella noachina L,
Family Ischnochitonidae
P, R, Pe
Stenosemus albus
Diadora noachina St(Linnaeus, 1767)
Cemoria noachina Fl, Pe
Stenosemus albus T
Puncturella princeps J
Chiton albus Fl, V6
Family Turbinidae
Ischnochiton albus L, M,
Moelleria costulata
O, P, Pe, R, S, Wi(Möller, 1842)[misspelled as I. alba
Moelleria costulata J, L,
in Wi]
P
Leptochiton albus Pe
Family Trochidae
Trachydermon albus J,
Margarites argentatus
Pe(Gould, 1841)
Family Tonicellidae
Margarites argentatus
Tonicella marmorea (O.
Pe [variant spelling
Fabricius, 1780)
M. argentata in Pe]
Tonicella marmorea L,
Margarites costalis costalis(Gould, 1841)
Lr2, M, O, P, Pe, S, R,
Margarita cinerea Fl, Fl2,
T, Wi
Pe
Chiton laevigatus Mg
Margarites cinerea J
Chiton marmoreus Fl, V6
Margarites costalis L,
Tonicella marmorea
Lr2, Lr3, P, Pe, Wi
coerulea J, J2
Margarites helicinus
Tonicella rubra (Linnaeus,(Phipps, 1774)
1767)
Margarites helicinus G1,
Tonicella rubra L, Lr2,
L, Lr2, P, Pe, R, T
Pe, T
Margarita campanulata
Chiton ruber V6PeIschnochiton ruber O, P,
Margarita helicina Fl,
S, R, Wi
Fl2, Pe
Trachydermon ruber J,
Margarites helicina J
Pe, V15PHYLUM MOLLUSCA

2004

T.J. TrottMargarites olivaceus(Brown, 1827)
Margarites olivaceus Pe
Margarites olivacea J
1Margarites striatus Leach,
1819
Margarita undulata Fl,
Fl2, V6
Margarita groenlandica
Pe
Margarites groenlandica
J, L, M, P, Pe [misspelled as M.
groenlandicus in Pe],R, S [misspelled as
M.groenlandiens in
S],Wi [misspelled as
M.groenlandicus in
Wi]
Solariella obscura(Couthouy, 1838)
Solariella obscura J, Wt
Machaeroplax obscuravar. bella V17
Margarita obscura Pe
Solariella obscura var.
bella J, Wt
Family Calliostomatidae
Calliostoma occidentale(Mighels and Adams,
1842)
Calliostoma occidentale
J, L, Lr2, M, P, Pe, T
Order Neotaenioglossa
Family Turritellidae
Tachyrhynchus erosus(Couthouy, 1838)
Turritella erosa J, Pe, T
Family Littorinidae
Lacuna pallidula (da Costa,
1778)
Lacuna pallidula P, Pe
Lacuna pallidula
neritoidea J
Lacuna vincta (Montagu,
1803)
Lacuna vincta L, Lr, P,
Pe, R, S, T, Wi

299

Littorina littorea (Linnaeus,
1758)
Littorina littorea Fl, Fl2,
L, Mc, O, P, Pe, R, S,
T, USNM, Wi
Lacuna littoralis Pe
Littorina obtusata(Linnaeus, 1758)
Littorina obtusata L, Lr,
Mc, O, P, Pe, R, S
[misspelled as L.
obstusata in S], T,
USNM, Wi
Littorina palliata Pe
Littorina saxatilis (Olivi,
1792)
Littorina saxatilis L, Lr[mis-spelled as L.
saxatilus in Lr], Mc, P[misspelled as L.
saxatilus in P], Pe, S,
R, T, USNM, Wi
Littorina rudis Fl, Fl2, Pe
Family Skeneopsidae
Skeneopsis planorbis (O.
Fabricius, 1780)
Skeneopsis planorbis J,
L, Lr, Mc, P, Pe, T
Skenea planorbis J, Pe
Family Rissoidae
Alvania pseudoareolata(Warén, 1974)
Alvania areolata L, P
Alvania (Cingula)areolata Lr2
Frigidoalvania pelagica(Stimpson, 1851)
Cingula carinata J
Onoba aculeus (Gould,
1841)
Onoba aculeus J, L, Lr,
Lr2
2
Onoba mighelsii(Stimpson, 1851)
Onoba mighelsii T
Alvania arenaria L, P
Alvania (Cingula)arenaria (exarata) Lr2
Alvania (Cingula)castanea Lr2, Lr3
Cingula arenaria J
Cingula castanea J, V12,
V17

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Northeastern Naturalist

Family Hydrobiidae
Hydrobia truncata(Vanatta, 1924)
Hydrobia totteni L, P, Pe
Hydrobia (Paludestrina)
totteni (minuta) Lr2
Littorinella minuta Pe
Family Aporrhaididae
Aporrhais occidentalis(Beck, 1836)
Aporrhais occidentalis
L, P, Pe, V6
Aporrhais (Arrhoges)
occidentalis J
Family Calyptraeidae
Crepidula fornicata(Linnaeus, 1758)
Crepidula fornicata L,
Lr3, R, T
Crepidula plana (Say,1822)
Crepidula plana P
Crucibulum striatum (Say,1826)
Crucibulum striatum Fl,
J, L, P, Pe, R, S
[misspelled as
Crucibilum in S]
Family Capulidae
Trichotropis borealis
Broderip andSowerby, 1829
Trichotropis borealis J,
L, Pe
Trichotropis conica Möller,
1842
Trichotropis conica L, P
Family Velutinidae
3
Limneria undata (T.
Brown, 1839)
Velutina undata J, L, P, S
Velutina zonata P
Limneria zonata Pe
Velutina velutina (O.F.
Müller, 1776)
Velutina haliotoides Fl,
Pe
Velutina laevigata J, L,
M, P, R, Wi
Velutina laevigata(velutina) Pe

Vol. 11, Special Issue 2

Family Lamellariidae
Marsenina ampla Verrill,
1880
Marsenina ampla J, J2,
V16
Marsenina glabra(Couthouy, 1838)
Marsenina glabra J, P,
V6, V17, Wt
Marsenina prodita J, V6
Family Naticidae
Bulbus smithii (Brown,
1839)
Bulbus smithii Pe
Acrybia smithii J
Cryptonatica affinis(Gmelin, 1791)
Natica affinis Pe
Natica clausa L, P, Pe, St
Natica (Cryptonatica)clausa J
Euspira heros (Say, 1822)
Lunatia heros V6, Pe
Polinices heros L, Lr,
Mc, P, S, V, Wi
Euspira immaculata(Totten, 1835)
Euspira immaculata Lr3
Lunatia (Polinices)
immaculata Lr2, Pe
Mamma immaculata Pe
Natica immaculata St
Polinices (Euspira)immaculata J
Euspira levicula (Verrill,
1880)
Lunatia levicula Pe, V6,
V16, V17
Polinices (Euspira)levicula J
Euspira nana (Möller,
1842)
Lunatia nana V6
Mamma nana Pe
Polinices (Euspira) nana
J

2004

T.J. Trott

301

Euspira pallida (Broderip
Order Neogastropoda
and Sowerby, 1829)
Family Muricidae
Lunatia (Polinices)
Boreotrophon clathratus
pallida (groenlandica)(Linnaeus, 1767)
G4
Boreotrophon clathratus
Lunatia groenlandica Pe
L, P
Euspira triseriata (Say,
Trophon clathratus Fl, J
1826)
Boreotrophon truncatus
Lunatia triseriata Fl(Ström, 1768)
Lunatia (Polinices)
Boreotrophon truncatustriseriata G4, Lr2, Pe,Pe
V8
Boreotrophon (Trophon)
Polinices triseriata L, M,
truncatus Lr2
P, Wi
Trophon truncatus J, Pe
Neverita duplicata (Say,
Nucella lapillus (Linnaeus,
1822)
1758)
Polinices duplicatus P
Nucella lapillus L, Lr,
Family Cerithiopsidae
Mc, P, Pe, R, T, Wi
Eumetula arctica (Mörch,Purpura lapillus Fl, Fl2,
1857)
Pe, V6
Thais lapillus O, Pe
Cerithiopsis costulata J,
Urosalpinx cinerea (Say,
J2
1822)
Family Epitoniidae
Urosalpinx cinerea P
Acirsa borealis (Lyell,
Scabrotrophon fabricii
1841)(Möller, 1842)
Acirsa borealis V8
Boreotrophon
Acirsa costulata Pe
craticulatus Lr3
Acirsa eschrichtii V6
Epitonium (Acirsa)
Family Turbinellidae
costulatum J2
Ptychatractus ligatus
4
Couthouyella striatula(Mighels and Adams,(Couthouy, 1838)
1842)
Couthouyella striatula J
Ptychatractus ligatus J,
Epitonium greenlandicum
Pe, USNM(Perry, 1811)
Fasciolaria ligata Fl
Epitonium
Family Buccinidae
greenlandicum L
Buccinum ciliatum (O.
[misspelled as
Fabricius, 1780)
Epitoneum in L], P, T
Buccinum ciliatum Lr3
Buccinum polaris Gray,
Boreoscala greenlandica
1839
R
Buccinum totteni Lr3
Epitonium (Arctoscala)Buccinum undatum
greenlandicum J(Linnaeus, 1758)
Scalaria groenlandica Fl,
Buccinum undatum Bo,
Pe, V6
Fl, Fl2, J, L, M, P, Pe,
Family Aclididae
Aclis striata Verrill, 1880
R, S, St, T, USNM,V6,
Aclis striata J, V16, V17
Wi
Buccinum undulatum Pe

302

Northeastern Naturalist

Colus islandicus (Mohr,
1786)
Fusus islandicus Fl, Fl2
Neptunea islandica Pe
Sipho islandicus V6
Tritonium islandicum St
Colus pubescens (Verrill,
1882)
Colus pubescens Lr3
Colus pygmaeus (Gould,
1841)
Colus pygmaeus J, L, P,
Pe, S
Fusus pygmaeus Fl
Neptunea pygmaea Pe
Sipho pygmaeus V6
Siphonella pygmaea Pe
Tritonium pygmaeum St
Colus stimpsoni (Mörch,1868)
Colus stimpsoni L, M, P,
Pe, R, S, Wi
Colus stimpsonii J
Neptunea lyrata
decemcostata (Say,1826)
Neptunea lyrata
decemcostata Lr3, T
Chrysodomus
decemcostatus V6
Fusus decemcostatus Fl,
Fl2
Neptunea decemcostata
J, L, M, P, Pe, S, R,
V15, Wi
Neptunea lyrata Pe
Family Nassariidae
Nassarius trivittatus (Say,1822)
Alectrion (Tritia)
trivittata J
Nassa trivittata Fl
Tritia trivittata Pe
Family Columbellidae
Astyris lunata (Say, 1826)
Astyris lunata Lr3
Columbella dissimilis Pe
Columbella (Astyris)
dissimilis J

Vol. 11, Special Issue 2

Mitrella dissimilis L, Lr2,
P
Mitrella zonalis zonalis
J2
Astyris rosaceus (Gould,
1840)
Columbella rosacea Pe
Columbella (Astyris)rosacea J
Mitrella rosacea Pe
Family Cancellariidae
Admete viridula (O.
Fabricius, 1780)
Admete couthouyi J, Pe
Family Turridae
Curtitoma decussata(Couthouy, 1839)
Bela decussata J
Bela tenuicostata V6
Bela pleurotomaria var.
tenuicostata V17
Lora tenuicostata J2
Curtitoma incisula (Verrill,
1882)
Bela incisula J, V17, Wt
Curtitoma violacea(Mighels and Adams,
1842)
Bela bicarinata J, V17
Bela bicarinata var.
violacea J, V17
Oenopota bicarinata Pe
Oenopota cancellata(Mighels and Adams,
1842)
Bela cancellata J, V17, V18
Oenopota pingelii (Möller,
1842)
Oenopota pingelii Lr2
Bela pingelii J, V16, V17
Oenopota pyramidalis(Ström, 1788)
Bela pleurotomaria J, Pe,
V17, V18
Lora pleurotomaria L, P
Propebela exarata (Möller,
1842)
Bela exarata Pe

2004

T.J. TrottPropebela harpularia(Couthouy, 1838)
Propebela harpularia St
Bela harpularia J, V17,
V18, Wt
Propebela nobilis (Möller,
1842)
Propebela nobilis Lr2
Bela nobilis J
5Lora turricula L, P
5Propebela turricula L, P
Propebela scalaris (Möller,
1842)
Bela scalaris J, Pe, V17,
Wt
Order Heterostropha
Family Malthildidae
Turritellopsis stimpsoni
Dall, 1919
Turritellopsis acicula J
Family Pyramidellidae
Eulimella polita (Verrill,
1872)
Aclis polita V7, V8
Eulimella ventricosa V6
Pyramidella (Eulimella)ventricosa J2
Turbonilla(Ptycheulimella)polita J, J2
Fargoa bartschi (Winkley,
1909)
Odostomia modesta J2
Menestho albula (O.
Fabricius, 1780)
Menestho albula Pe
Turbonilla nivea(Stimpson, 1851)
Turbonilla nivea Pe
Order Cephalaspidea
Family Cylichnidae
Cylichna alba (T. Brown,
1827)
Cylichna alba Go, J, Lr3,
Pe, T
Family Philinidae
Philine lima (T. Brown,
1825)
Philine lima Pe
Family Retusidae
Retusa obtusa (Montagu,
1803)
Retusa obtusa Go

303

Order Acochlidioidea
Family Microhedylidae
Hedylopsis riseri M.P.
Morse, 1976
6
Hedylopsis riseri R
Unela nahantensis Doe,1974
Unela nahantensis R
Order Gymnosomata
Family Clionidae
Clione limacina (Phipps,
1774)
Clione limacina L, P
Order Nudibranchia
Suborder Doridacea
Family Goniodorididae
Ancula gibbosa (Risso,1818)
Ancula gibbosa P, Pe, T
Ancula cristata K, L,
USNM
Family Onchidorididae
Acanthodoris pilosa(Albildgaard, 1789)
Acanthodoris pilosa J, K,
L, M, P, Pe, R, S [misspelled as A. ilosa inS], TAcanthodoris citrina V4,
V12
Acanthodoris ornata
USNM [misspelled as
A. ornate in
USNM],V8
Acanthodoris stellata V12
Adalaria pilosa pilosa J2Doris bifida V4, V7
Adalaria proxima (Alderand Hancock, 1854)
Adalaria proxima Go, J,
J2, USNM, V8, V12
Onchidoris bilamellata(Linnaeus, 1776)
Onchidoris bilamellata
R, T
Onchidoris fusca K, L, O
[misspelled as
Onchidorus in O], Wi[misspelled as
Ochidoris in Wi]

304

Northeastern Naturalist

Onchidoris grisea (Gould,
1870)
Onchidoris grisea J2, V4
Lamellidoris grisea J
Onchidoris muricata (O.F.
Müller, 1776)
Doris pallida Pe
Lamellidoris aspera O, J
Lamellidoris diaphana J,
V8Lamellidoris muricata J,
V8Onchidoris aspera J2, K,
L, P, S [misspelled as
O. aspersa in J2, K, L,
P, S], Wi
Onchidoris diaphana J2,
V12Onchidoris muricata J2,
V12Onchidoris tenella (Gould,
1870)
Onchidoris tenella J2, V4
Lamellidoris tenella J
Family Polyceratidae
Palio dubius (M. Sars,
1829)
Polycera dubius K, P, R
Family Chromodorididae
Cadlina laevis (Linnaeus,
1767)
Cadlina laevis K, L, Pe,
R, T, USNM, Wi
Doris repanda Pe, V12
Suborder Dendronotacea
Family Dendronotidae
Dendronotus frondosus(Ascanius, 1774)
Dendronotus frondosus
K, L, O [misspelled as
D. frondosa in O], Pe,
S, R, T, Wi
Dendronotus
arborescens Fl
Dendronotus reynoldsii
Pe
Dendronotus robustus
Verrill, 1870
Dendronotus robustus J,
L, P, V7

Vol. 11, Special Issue 2

Family Dotonidae
7
Doto coronata (Gmelin,
1791)
Doto coronata K, L, P
Doto formosa Verrill, 1875
Doto formosa Go, J, Pe,
V8, WtFamily Flabellinidae
Flabellina gracilis (Alderand Hancock, 1844)
Coryphella stellata K
Eolis stellata Pe
Flabellina nobilis (Verrill,
1880)
Coryphella nobilis K, L,
Lr2
Flabellina pellucida (Alderand Hancock, 1843)
Coryphella pellucida K,
P
Coryphella rutila J, J2,
V8, V12
Flabellina salmonacea(Couthoy, 1838)
Flabellina salmonacea
L, S, R
Coryphella salmonacea
K, P, V16
Coryphella stimpsoni L,
S, USNM
Cuthona stimpsoni K,
V12, Wt
Flabellina verrucosa (M.
Sars, 1829)
Flabellina verrucosa R
Coryphella mananensis
Wt
Coryphella
rufibranchialis O, Wi
Coryphella
rufibranchialis
mananensis USNM
Coryphella verrucosa
rufibranchialis K, L
Eolis mananensis Pe

2004

T.J. Trott305

Family Aeolidiidae
Suborder Aeolidacea
Aeolidia papilosa
Family Eubranchidae(Linnaeus, 1761)
Eubranchus exiguus
Aeolidia papilosa J(Alder and Hancock,[misspelled as A.
1848)
papillosa in J], K, L,
Eubranchus exiguus K, P
O, P, Pe [misspelled[variant spelling E.
as A. papillosa inexigua in P]
Pe], R, S, T
Eubranchus pallidus
Eolis farinacea Pe(Alder and Hancock,
Order Archeopulmonata
1842)
Family Ellobiidae
Eubranchus pallidus Go,
Myosotella myosotis
K, L(Draparnaud, 1801)
Eubranchus sanjuanensis
Ovatella (alexia)
Roller, 1972
myosotis Lr2
8
Eubranchus
sanjuanensis Go
Class Bivalvia
Order Solemyoida
Eubranchus tricolor
Family Solemyidae
Forbes, 1838
Solemya velum Say, 1822
Eubranchus tricolor Go
Solemya velum T
Family Tergipedidae
Order Nuculoida
Catriona gymnota
Family Nuculidae(Couthoy, 1838)
Nucula delphinodonta
Catrena (Catriona)
Mighels and Adams,
aurantia K, L
1842
Cuthona concinna (Alder
Nucula delphinodonta
and Hancock, 1843)
Fl, WtCuthona concinna K, L,
Nucula proxima Say, 1822
O, Wi [misspelled as
Nucula proxima L, P, T
Cuthonia in Wi]
Nucula proxima annulata
Cuthona viridis (Forbes,
Lr2
1840)
Family Nuculanidae
Cratena viridis K, L
Nuculana tenuisulcata
Tergipes tergipes (Forskål,(Couthouy, 1838)
1775)
Nuculana tenuisulcata
USNM
Tergipes tergipes L
Leda tenuisulcata St
Tergipes despectus J
Family Sareptidae[misspelled as
Megayoldia thraciaeformis
Terigipes in J] J2, K, P
(Storer, 1838)
Family Facelinidae
Yoldia thraciaeformis J
Cratena pilata (Gould,
Yoldia limatula (Say, 1831)
1870)
Yoldia limatula J, L, P
Cratena pilata K, L
Leda limatula St
Facelina bostoniensis
Yoldia myalis (Couthoy,(Couthoy, 1838)
1838)
Facelina bostoniensis K,
Yoldia myalis Fl, Pe
L, R
Leda myalis St

306

Northeastern Naturalist

Vol. 11, Special Issue 2

Yoldia sapotilla (Gould,
Order Ostreoida
1841)
Family Pectinidae
Yoldia sapotilla Fl, Lr2
Chlamys islandica (O.F.
Leda sapotilla St
Müller, 1776)
Order Mytiloida
Chlamys islandica L
Family Mytilidae
Chlamys islandicus M, P
Crenella decusata
Chlamys islandica(Montagu, 1808)
islandica USNM
Crenella decusata J, Lr2,
Pecten islandicus Fl, St,
T
V6Mytilus decussatus St
Pecten (Chlamys)
Crenella glandula (Totten,
islandica J
1834)
Placopecten magellanicus
Crenella glandula J, L, P,(Gmelin, 1791)
Pe, T
Placopecten
Geukensia demissa
magellanicus L, M, P,(Dillwyn, 1817)
R, S, T
Modiolus demissus P, Pe
Pecten magellanicus Mg
Mytilus edulis Linnaeus,
Pecten (Placopecten)
1758
magellanicus J
Mytilus edulis L, Lr, Mc,
Pecten tenuicostatus Fl,
O, P, Pe, R, S, T, V6,
V6
Wi
Family Anomiidae
Mytilus trossulus Gould,
Anomia simplex d’Orbigny,
1850
1842
Mytilus trossulus Ma,
Anomia simplex L, O, P,
Rw
R, T, Wi [mis-spelled
Musculus discors
as Anomie in Wi](Linnaeus, 1767)
Anomia squamula
Musculus discors G2, L,
Linnaeus, 1758
M, P, Pe, R, T, Wi
Anomiasquamula Pe, T
Modiolaria corrugata Fl
Anomia aculeata L, Lr, P,
Modiolaria discors Fl, Fl2
R, Wi
Mytilus corrugatus St
Order
VeneroidaMusculus niger (J.E. Gray,
Family Thyasiridae
1824)
Thyasira equalis (Verrill
Musculus niger G2, L,
and Bush, 1898)
Lr2, P, Pe, T, Wi
Thyasira equalis J
Modiolaria nigra V6
Thyasira flexuosa
Modiolus modiolus(Montagu, 1803)(Linnaeus, 1758)
Thyasira
flexuosa L, Lr2
Modiolus modiolus L, P,
Cryptodon gouldii Fl
Pe, S, R, T, Wi
Thyasira gouldii J, St
Modiola modiolus
Thyasira
trisinuata
USNM, V6(d’Orbigny, 1842)
Order Limoida
Cryptodon obesus V8
Family Limidae
Family Lasaeidae
Limatula subauriculata
Mysella planulata(Montagu, 1808)(Stimpson, 1851)
Limatula subauriculata
Rochefortia planulata J
L

2004

T.J. Trott

Family Carditidae
Cyclocardia borealis(Conrad, 1831)
Cyclocardia borealis
Lr2, Pe, T
Cardita borealis Fl, L,
Mg, P, R, S, St,
USNM [misspelled as
C. bonalis in USNM]
Venericardia(Cyclocardia)
borealis J
Cyclocardia novangliae (E.
S. Morse, 1869)
Cyclocardia novangliae
Lr2
Venericardia(Cyclocardia)
novangliae J
Family Astartidae
Astarte borealis(Schumacher, 1817)
Astarte borealis G3, L,
Lr2, P, S
Astarte semisulcata Fl
Astarte castanea (Say,1822)
Astarte castanea G3, L,
Lr2, P, Pe, R, S
Astarte lens V6, V8
Astarte crenata (J. E. Gray,
1824)
Astarte crenata Pe
Astarte quadrans V8
Astarte subaequilatera
G3, J, L, P
Astarte elliptica (T. Brown,
1827)
Astarte elliptica G3, L,
Lr2, P
Astarte undata Gould, 1841
Astarte undata G3, J, L, P,
Pe, R, T, V6, V8, V15
Astarte undata latisulca J
Astarte sulcata St
Family Arcticidae
Arctica islandica(Linnaeus, 1767)
Arctica islandica L, P
Cyprina islandica J

307

Family Cardiidae
Cerastoderma pinnulatum(Conrad, 1831)
Cerastoderma
pinnulatum L, Lr2, P,
R, T
Clinocardium ciliatum (O.
Fabricius, 1780)
Clinocardium ciliatum
L, Lr2, M, P
Cardium (Cerastoderma)
ciliatum J
Cardium islandicum St
Family Mactridae
Mactromeris polynyma(Stimpson, 1860)
Spisula (Hemimactra)
polynyma J
Mactra ponderosa St
Family Pharidae
Ensis directus Conrad, 1843
Ensis directus T
Family Tellinidae
Macoma balthica(Linnaeus, 1758)
Macoma balthica L, Lr,
Mc, P, Pe, T
Macoma calcarea (Gmelin,
1791)
Macoma calcarea J
Tellina proxima St
Tellina agilis Stimpson,
1857
Tellina agilis Lr2, S
Family Veneridae
Gemma gemma (Totten,
1834)
Gemma gemma P
Pitar morrhuanus Linsley,
1848
Callista convexa Fl, V10
Callocardia (Agriopoma)morrhuana J
Family Petricolidae
Petricolaria pholadiformis(Lamark, 1818)
Petricolaria
pholadiformis P308

Northeastern Naturalist

Order Myoida
Family Myidae
Mya arenaria Linnaeus,
1758
Mya arenaria Fl, Fl2, L,
Lr, Mc, P, Pe, R, S, T,
V6, WiMya truncata Linnaeus,
1758
Mya truncata Fl, G4, J, L,
M, P, Pe, St, T, V6, Wi
Family Hiatellidae
Hiatella arctica (Linnaeus,
1767)
Hiatella arctica L, O, P,
Pe, T, Wi
Saxicava arctica USNM,
V6Hiatella striata Fleuriau,
1802
Hiatella striata L, P, T
Panomya norvegica(Spengler, 1793)
Panomya arctica J
Family Pholadidae
Zirfaea crispata (Linnaeus,
1758)
Zirfaea crispata J, P, S
Pholas crispata St
Order Pholadomyoida
Family Lyonsiidae
Lyonsia arenosa (Möller,
1842)
Lyonsia arenosa J, Lr2
Lyonsia hyalina Conrad,
1831
Lyonsia hyalina Fl, L, P,
R
Family Pandoridae
Pandora gouldiana Dall,1886
Pandora gouldiana Lr2
Pandora inornata Verrill
and Bush, 1898
Pandora inornata Lr2
Pandora trilineata Say,
1822
Pandora trilineata Fl, St
Family Thraciidae
Thracia conradi Couthoy,
1839
Thracia conradi J, L, St,
T

Vol. 11, Special Issue 2

Thracia myopsis Möller,
1842
Thracia myopsis J
Thracia couthouyi St
Thracia septentrionalis
Jeffreys, 1872
Thracia septentrionalis J
Family Periplomatidae
Periploma leanum (Conrad,
1831)
Periploma(Conchlodesma)
leanum J
Family Cuspidariidae
Cuspidaria pellucida
Stimpson, 1853
Cuspidaria pellucida J
Class Scaphopoda
Order Dentaliida
Family Dentaliidae
Antalis entale occidentale
Stimpson, 1851
Dentalium entale Pe
Dentalium entalis J
Dentalium occidentale J
Entalis striolata Fl, Pe,
V6, V15Class Cephalopoda
Order Sepiodea
Family Ommastrephidae
Illex illecebrosus (Lesueur,
1821)
Illex illecebrosus P,
USNM
Ommastrephes
illecebrosa J
Order Vampyromorpha
Family Octopodidae
Bathypolypus bardii(Verrill, 1873)
Polypus arcticus J

UNCERTAIN RECORDS
Order Neotaenioglossa
Family Epitoniidae
9
Epitonium rupicola(Kurtz, 1860)
Epitonium rupicola Wi

2004

T.J. Trott

Order Neogastropoda
Family Terebridae
10
Terebra dislocata (Say,1822)
Terebra dislocata Mg
Order Heterostropha
Family Pyramidellidae
11
Turbonilla bushiana
Verrill, 1882
Turbonilla bushiana L, P
1

Records of M. groenlandica assigned
here based on Rehder (1990).
2
Records assigned here based on Warén(1974). Alvania castanea is nototherwise known south of
Hudson Bay and Warén (1974) showsthat O. mighelsii is often misidentified
as A. castanea or Cingula arenaria.
3
Generic placement by Gulbin and
Golikov (2000) .
4
Transferred to Epitoniidae by Warén(1980).
5
Records of turriculata in the Western
Atlantic are generally either Propebela
arctica or P. nobilis. Since the former isa northern species but the latter is known
from Cobscook Bay, the records for both
Lora turriculata and Propebela
turriculata are tentatively assigned toPropebela nobilis according to G.
Rosenberg, Academy of Natural
Sciences (pers. comm.).
6
Unidentified species at the time ofcollection by Riser in 1970.
7
According to Thompson and Brown(1984), the species “coronata” isprimarily Eastern Atlantic with Western
Atlantic examples distinctive andpossibly a different species.
8This species is otherwise known only
from the Eastern Pacific.
9This species not otherwise known northof Massachusetts.
10
Needs confirmation. This species is nototherwise known north of Maryland.
11
Needs confirmation according to G.
Rosenberg, Academy of Natural
Sciences (pers. comm.). This deepwater
species is not otherwise known north of309

Massachusetts and though possibly
confused with Odostomia bushiana
Bartsch, 1909, a species known fromshallower water, O. bushiana also is notknown north of Massachusetts (G.
Rosenberg, Academy of Natural
Sciences, pers. comm.).
Key to the Abbreviations for Mollusca
Bo
Fl
Fl2
G1
G2
G3
G4
Go
J
J2
K
L
Lr2
Lr3
M
Ma
Mc
Mg
O
P
Pe
R
Rw
S
St
T
USNM
V4
V6
V7
V8
V10
V12
V15
V16
V17
V18
Wi
Wt

Bousfield 1972
Fuller 1862a
Fuller 1862b
Gilbert 1977aGilbert,1977b
Gilbert 1982aGilbert 1982b
Gosliner 1971
Johnson 1915
Johnson 1934
Kuzirian 1977
Langer 1973
Larsen and Doggett 1975
Larsen 1975
Meinkoth 1975
Maloy et al. 2003
McCollough 1981
Mighels 1843
O’Brien 1972
Perkins and Larsen 1975
Peabody Museum
Riser 1970
Rawson et al. 2001
Spencer 1973
Stimpson 1851b
Trott 2004b
United States National
MuseumVerrill 1870
Verrill 1871b
Verrill 1872a
Verrill 1872b
Verrill 1874
Verrill 1879a
Verrill 1880b
Verrill 1881
Verrill 1882
Verrill 1883
Weiss 1980
Whiteaves 1901

310

Northeastern Naturalist

PHYLUM ECTOPROCTAClass Gymnolaemata
Order Cheilostomatida
Family Bugulidae
Bugula fulva Ryland, 1960
Bugula fulva Wn
Bugula turrita (Desor,
1848)
Bugula turrita P, R, S
Dendrobeania decorata(Verrill, 1879)
Bugula decorata V13
Dendrobeania murrayana(Johnston, 1847)
Dendrobeania
murrayana L, P, Pe,
R, T
Family Calloporidae
Amphiblestrum auritum(Hincks, 1877)
Callopora aurita P
Cauloramphus
cymbaeformis(Hincks, 1877)
Cauloramphus
cymbaeformis L
Tegella unicornis(Fleming, 1828)
Tegella unicornis S
Family Candidae
Caberea ellisii (Fleming,
1814)
Caberea ellisii L, M, P,
Pe, WiTricellaria peachii (Busk,
1851)
Bugulopsis peachi Pe
Tricellaria ternata (Ellisand Solander, 1786)
Tricellaria ternata Pe
Family Celleporidae
Turbicellepora
canaliculata (Busk,
1881)
Turbicellepora
canaliculata L
Family Cribrilinidae
Cribrilina annulata (O.
Fabricius, 1780)
Cribrilina annulata L

Vol. 11, Special Issue 2

Family Electridae
Electra pilosa (Linnaeus,
1767)
Electra pilosa L, O, P, Wi
Family Eucrateidae
Eucratea loricata(Linnaeus, 1758)
Eucratea loricata M, T
Family Hippothoidae
Celleporella hyalina(Linnaeus, 1767)
1
Hippothoa hyalina L, P
Family Membraniporidae
Membranipora tenuis
Desor, 1848
Membranipora tenuis R
Family Schizoporellidae
Schizoporella biperta(Michelin, 1845)
Schizoporella biperta R
Order Ctenostomata
Family Flustrellidridae
Flustrellidra hispida (O.
Fabricius, 1780)
Flustrellidra hispida L,
O [misspelled
Flustrella in L and O],
P, R, S, Wi
Family Vesiculariidae
Bowerbankia gracilis
Leidy, 1855
Bowerbankia gracilis S,
Wn
Family Walkeriidae
Aeverrillia setigera(Hincks, 1887)
Aeverrillia setigera S
Class Stenolaemata
Order Cyclostomata
Family Crisiidae
Crisia eburnea (Linnaeus,
1758)
Crisia eburnea Pe, R
Family Lichenoporidae
Disporella hispida(Fleming, 1822)
Lichenopora hispida L, P
Lichenopora verrucaria(O. Fabricius, 1780)
Lichenopora verrucaria
L, P

2004

T.J. Trott

311

7
UNCERTAIN RECORDS
This identification is questionable since
Order Cheilostomatida
E. lobata is not a New England species
Family Bitectiporidae(J. Winston, pers. comm.).
2
Bugula simplex Hincks,
1886
Key to the Abreviations for Ectoprocta
Bugula simplex L, P, S
L
Langer 1973
3
Schizomavella auriculata
M
Meinkoth 1975
(Hassall, 1842)
O
O’Brien 1972
Schizomavella
P
Perkins and Larsen 1975
auriculata R
Pe
Peabody Museum
Family Calloporidae
R
Riser
1970
4
Callopora craticula
S
Spencer
1973(Alder, 1857)
T
Trott 2004b
Callopora craticula L
V13
Verrill 1879b
Family Microporellidae
Wi
Weiss 19805
Microporella ciliata(Pallas, 1766)
Microporella ciliata L, P
PHYLUM BRACHIOPODA
Family Tubuliporidae
6
Tubulipora liliacea
Class Articulata(Pallas, 1766)
Order
Terebratulida
Tubulipora liliacea L, P
Family Cancellothyridae
Family Umbonulidae
Terebratulina
Posterula sarsi (Smitt,septentrionalis
1868)(Couthoy, 1838)
7
Eschara lobata Pe
Terebratulina
septentrionalis Fl, L,
1
In part (J. Winston, Virgina Museum of
Lr2, M, O, P, Pa, Pe, R,
Natural History, pers. comm.).
2
S, St, T, V6, V15, Wi
Bugula simplex has not been observed in

W. Atlantic collections (J. Winston,pers. comm.).
3
According to J. Winston (pers. comm.),
Schizomavella auriculata has not beenfound on the US East coast; thisprobably is Schizomavella globifera(Packard, 1863), no other Schizomavellasp. has been recorded from the region.
4
Callopora craticula (Alder, 1857) has
yet to be observed in collections andspecimens identified as such may be C.
sedovi, C. whiteavesi or another species(J. Winston, pers. comm.).
5
Microporella ciliata is a European
species. New England species ofMicroporella are M. stellata and M.
rogickae. This identification could beeither or both (J. Winston, pers. comm.).
6This identification is questionable (J.
Winston, pers. comm.).

Key to the Abbreviations for
Brachiopoda
Fl
L
Lr2
M
O
P
Pa
Pe
R
S
St
T
V6
V15
Wi

Fuller 1862a
Langer 1973
Larsen and Doggett 1975
Meinkoth 1975
O’Brien 1972
Perkins and Larsen 1975
Paine 1959
Peabody Museum
Riser 1970
Spencer 1973
Stimpson 1851b
Trott 2004b
Verrill 1871b
Verrill 1880b
Weiss 1980

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PHYLUM ECHINODERMATAClass Holothuroidea
Order Dendrochirotida
Family Psolidae
Psolus fabricii (Düben and
Koren, 1846)
Psolus fabricii L, P, Pe

Vol. 11, Special Issue 2

Class Echinoidea
Order Echinoida
Family Strongylocentrotidae
Strongylocentrotus
droebachiensis (O.F.
Müller, 1776)
Strongylocentrotus
droebachiensis L, Lr2,
Lr3, O, P, Pe, R, S, T,
V15, Wi [misspelled as
Stronglocentrotus inWi]
Euryechinus
dröbachiensis V1, V6
Echinus granulatus Fl
Order Clypeasteroida
Family Echinarachniidae
Echinarachnius parma(Lamarck, 1816)
Echinarachnius parma
L, Lr2, Lr3, P, Pa, R, S,
T, V1, V6

Lophothuria fabricii V6
Psolus phantapus(Strussenfeldt, 1766)
Psolus phantapus L, P,
V1, V6, Wt
Family Cucumariidae
Cucumaria frondosa(Gunnerus, 1770)
Cucumaria frondosa L,
O, P, Pe, R, S, T, Wi
Pentacta frondosa Fl, V1,
V6
Duasmodactyla commune(Forbes, 1841)
Duasmodactyla
commune L
Class Asteroidea
Thyonidium drummondi
Order
Valvatida(Thompson, 1840)
Family Goniasteridae
Thyonidium productum
Ctenodiscus crispatus
Cl, V1, V6
Order Apodida(Retzius, 1806)
Family Synaptidae
Ctenodiscus crispatus
Epitomapta roseola
Lr2, Lr3(Verrill, 1874)
Hippasteria phrygiana
Leptosynapta roseola(Parelius, 1768)
Lr2, P, R
Hippasteria phrygiana
Rhabdomolgus fuscus
L, P, R, S [misspelled
Keferstein, 1863
as Hippasterias in S]
Rhabdomolgus fuscus R
Order Spinulosida
Family Chiridotidae
Family Solasteridae
Chiridota laevis (O.
Crossaster papposus
Fabricius, 1780)(Linnaeus, 1766)
Chiridota laevis Fl, L, Lr,
Crossaster papposus L,
P, R, S [misspelled
Chirodota], T,
Lr3, Pe, R, V6
V1[variant spelling
Solaster papposus Fl, Lr2,
Chirodota laeve inP, S
V1], V6 [variant
Solaster endeca (Linnaeus,
spelling Chirodota
1771)
leve in V6], Wi
Solaster endeca Fl, L, O,[variant spelling
P, Pe, R, S, T, V6, Wi
Chirodota laevis in
Wi]

2004

T.J. Trott313

Leptasterias muelleri (Sars,
1846)
Leptasterias muelleri P,
Pe
Lepasterias tenera(Stimpson, 1862)
Lepasterias tenera L, P,
Pe, R, T, Wi
Asterias tenera S, V1
Stephanasterias albula(Stimpson, 1863)
Stephanasterias albula
L, V6
Stichaster albulus Cl, V1

Family Pterasteridae
Pteraster militaris (O. F.
Müller, 1776)
Pteraster militaris L, P,
Pe, R, V6
Pteraster pulvillus M. Sars,
1861
Pteraster pulvillus L
Family Echinasteridae
Henricia eschrichti (Müller
and Troschel, 1842)
Henricia eschrichti Pe
Henricia oculata (Pennant,
1777)
Class Ophiuroidea
Cribella oculata Fl
Order Phrynophiurida
Henricia sanguinolenta
Family Gorgonocephalida(O.F. Müller, 1776)
Gorgonocephalus arcticus
Henricia sanguinolenta
Leach, 1819
L, Lr2, O, Pe, R, S, T,
GorgonocephalusWi
arcticus L, P, Pe, S
Cribrella pectinata Cl
Astrophyton
agassizii Fl,
Cribrella sanguinolenta
V1, V6, V15
Pe, V1, V6
Order Ophiurida
Order Forcipulatida
Family Ophiuridae
Family Asteriidae
Ophiura robusta (Ayres,
Asterias forbesi (Desor,
1861)
1848)
Ophiura robusta L, Lr2,
Asterias forbesi P, R, S,
Lr3
T, V1
Ophioglypha robusta V1,
Asterias rubens Linnaeus,
V6
1768
Ophiolepis robusta Fl,
Asterias rubens L, O, T
Fl2
Ophiura sarsi (Lütken,
Asteracanthion rubens Fl
1864)
Asterias stimpsoni V1Ophioglypha sarsii V1,
Asterias vulgaris P, Pe,
V6
R, S, V1, V6, V15, Wi
FamilyOphiodermatidae
Uraster rubens St1
Ophiacantha bidentata
Leptasterias littoralis(Retzius, 1806)(Stimpson, 1863)
Ophiacantha spinulosa
Leptasterias littoralis L,
V6
P, Pe, R, T, Wt
Family Ophiactidae
Asteracanthion littoralis
Ophiopholis aculeata
Fl(Linnaeus, 1767)
Asterias littoralis Pe, V1,
Ophiopholis aculeata L,
V6, V21
O, P, R, S, V1, V6, Wi[misspelled as
Ophipholus in Wi]

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Vol. 11, Special Issue 2

Family Amphiuridae
PHYLUM CHAETOGNATHA
Amphipholis squamata(Delle Chiaje, 1829)
Parasagitta elegans Verrill,
Amphipholis squamata
1873
L, O, P, R, T
Sagitta elegans L
Amphiura squamata V1,
V6
Key to the Abbreviations for
Axiognathus squamatus Chaetognatha
L, Wi [mis-spelled as
L
Langer 1973
Axigrathus in Wi]

UNCERTAIN RECORDS
Order Forcipulatida
Family Asteriidae
1
Leptasterias
groenlandicus(Steenstrup, 1867)
Leptasterias
groenlandicus Wi
1

This is a doubtful record south ofGreenland, probably L. littoralis.
Key to the Abbreviations for
Echinodermata
Cl
Fl
L
Lr
Lr2
Lr3
O
P
Pa
R
S
St1
T
V1
V6
V15
V21
Wi
Wt

PHYLUM HEMICHORDATAClass Enteropneusta
Family Harrimaniidae
Saccoglossus kowalevskii(Agassiz, 1873)
Saccoglossus
kowalevskii L, S, T
Class Pterobranchia
Family Rhabdopleuridae
Rhabdopleura compacta
Hincks, 1880
Rhabdopleura compacta
L

Clark 1905
Fuller 1862a
Key to the Abbreviations for Hemichordata
Langer 1973
L
Langer 1973
Larsen et al. 1979
S
Spencer 1973
Larsen and Doggett 1975
T
Trott 2004b
Larsen 1975
O’Brien 1972
Perkins and Larsen 1975
Packard 1867
Riser 1970
Spencer 1973
Stimpson 1851a
Trott 2004b
Verrill 1866
Verrill 1871b
Verrill 1880b
Verrill 1895
Weiss 1980
Whiteaves 1901

2004

T.J. TrottPHYLUM CHORDATAClass Ascidiacea
Order Enterogona
Suborder Aplousobranchia
Family Polyclinidae
Aplidium glabrum (Verrill,
1871)
Amaroucium glabrum S,
V7, Wi, Wt,
Aplidium pallidum (Verrill,
1871)
Aplidium pallidum R
Amaroucium pallidum
V7, WtFamily Didemnidae
Didemnum albidum(Verrill, 1871)
Didemnum albidum L, P,
Pe, R, VN, Wi
Didemnium roseum Pa
Leptoclinum albidum Pe,
Wt
Leptoclinum luteolum Pe
Lissoclinum aureum
Verrill, 1871
Lissoclinum aureum V7,
VN
Trididemnum tenerum(Verrill, 1871)
Trididemnum tenerum
VN
Lissoclinum tenerum V7
Family Polyclitoridae
Distaplia clavata (M. Sars,
1851)
Distaplia clavata Pe, VN
Suborder Phlebobranchia
Family Cionidae
Ciona intestinalis(Linnaeus, 1767)
Ciona intestinalis L, P, T
Ciona intestinalis tenella
Pe
Ciona tenella Pe, V6315

Family Ascidiidae
Ascidia callosa Stimpson,
1852
Ascidia callosa Fl, Fl2,
Pe, R, T
Ascidia inornata V14
Ascidia prunum O.F.
Müller, 1776
Ascidia prunum L, Pe
Ascidia complanata V6,
Wt
Ascidiopsis complanata
Pe
Order Pleurogona
Suborder Stolidobranchiata
Family Styelidae
Botrylloides diegense Ritterand Forsyth, 1917
Botrylloides diegense R
Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas,
1776)
Botryllus schlosseri L,
Lr2, O, P, R
Cnemidocarpa mollis(Stimpson, 1852)
Glandula mollis Pe
Dendrodoa carnea (L.
Agassiz, 1850)
Dendrodoa carnea L, M,
P, Pe, R, T, Wi
Cynthia carnea V6
Halocynthia tuberculumPe
Dendrodoa grossularia(Van Beneden, 1846)
Dendrodoa grossularia
VN
Dendrodoa pulchella(Verrill, 1871)
Dendrodoa pulchella
VN
Cynthia pulchella V7
Polycarpa fibrosa(Stimpson, 1852)
Glandula fibrosa Pe
Styela coriacea (Alder andHancock, 1848)
Styela coriacea Pe
Styela partita (Stimpson,
1852)
Styela partita P

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Northeastern Naturalist

Family Pyuridae
Boltenia echinata(Linnaeus, 1767)
Boltenia echinata L, P,
Pe, R, S, T, Wi
Cynthia echinata V6
Halocynthia echinata Pe,
Wt
Boltenia ovifera (Linnaeus,
1767)
Boltenia ovifera L, M, P,
Pe, R, S, T, Wi
Boltenia bolteni Pe, V15
Boltenia bolteni var.
rubra Pe
Boltenia reniformis Fl,
Fl2, V6
Halocynthia pyriformis(Rathke, 1806)
Halocynthia pyriformis
L, M, O, P, Pe, R, S, T,
Wi, WtCynthia pyriformis Fl, V6
Family Molgulidae
Bostrichobranchus
pilularis (Verrill,
1871)
Bostrichobranchus
pilularis R
Eugyra pilularis Pe, V7
Mogula pilularis Pe, V5
Molgula arenata Stimpson,
1852
Molgula arenata P
Molgula citrina Alder andHancock, 1848
Molgula littoralis V5
Molgula complanata Alderand Hancock, 1870
Molgula complanata Lr2,
Lr3, VN
Molgula papillosa Pe, V5,
V7
Molgula manhattensis(DeKay, 1843)
Molgula manhattensis P
Molgula retortiformis
Verrill, 1871

Vol. 11, Special Issue 2

Molgula retortiformis
Pe, V5, V6, VN
Molgula siphonalis Sars,
1859
Molgula siphonalis Pe,
VN
Mogula pannosa V5
Key to the Abbreviations for Chordata
Fl
Fl2
L
Lr2
Lr3
M
O
P
Pe
R
S
T
V5
V6
V7
V14
V15
Wi
VN
Wt

Fuller 1862a
Fuller 1862b
Langer 1973
Larsen and Doggett 1975
Larsen 1975
Meinkoth 1975
O’Brien 1972
Perkins and Larsen 1975
Peabody Museum
Riser 1970
Spencer 1973
Trott 2004b
Verrill 1871a
Verrill 1871b
Verrill 1872a
Verrill 1880aVerrill 1880b
Weiss 1980
van Name 1945
Whiteaves 1901

2004

T.J. Trott

317

Acknowledgments
A great debt is owed to those who gave their time freely in reviewing themany lists of species in various stages of preparation and elevated my knowledge of taxonomy and systematics well beyond its former scope. Much appreciation is given to Professor Nathan Riser for making himself available
for conversations that contributed towards the formation of this list and providing a historical perspective of his years teaching invertebrate zoology at
Cobscook Bay. His colleagues in teaching, Emory Swan, Norman Meinkoth,and Patricia Morse, took part in composing the species list that he donated tothis work. Peter F. Larsen continued these discussions with development ofideas on diversity that imparted renewed effort towards the completion ofthis document and the beginning of new manuscripts. Thanks to Dr. Cheryl
Bright, Collections Manager at the National Museum of Natural History,
Smithsonian Institution, for encouragement and offering suggestions fortaxonomic reviewers. Linda Ward, Curator at the NMNH, supplied collection
records for Webster and Benedict, and Chad Walter, Data Manager at the
NMNH, supplied collection records for Cobscook Bay. Valuable assistancewas given by Eric Lazo-Wasem, Curator of the invertebrate collection at the
Peabody Museum. Without the efforts of Professor Rachel Merz, the contributions made by Professor Norman Meinkoth would not have made their way
into this manuscript and may have been forever lost.
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