Preparedness andResponse to Oil andNoxious Liquid Substances
Spill Incident in Japan
Mr. Toshinobu Kawamura
Director, Marine Environment Protection and Disaster
Prevention Division,Guard and Rescue Division, Japan Coast Guard (JCG)

Preventing Marine Pollution and Maritime Disasters
Response to large Oil and Noxious
Liquid substances spills incident

Fire fighting to Hazardous substance

Response toEarthquake Disaster

Response to Volcanic eruption Disaster1

Marine Environment Protection : Guidance and Education Activities toPreserve the Marine Environment
Marine environment protection
workshops

Visiting Ships to provide guidance onMarine environment preservation

Marine environment preservation class(Environmental storytelling with picture)class (Screening of drift waste)

preventing discharge of oil, etc at sea

System for Control of Oil and Noxious Liquid Substances spillincident under the Marine Pollution Prevention Act(Fundamental Concepts)¾Shipowners and others who have caused spills must take, and cover thecosts of, measures to prevent and control spills⇒The Marine Pollution Prevention Act includes obligation tocountermeasure and command of countermeasure¾The private and public sectors must implement measures to ensure
prevention/control by causers⇒Mandatory P&I insurance⇒Contributions to International Oil Pollution Compensation Funds⇒Obligation to deploy equipment and materials for controlling spills⇒Establishment of Maritime Disaster Prevention Center, a collective
prevention organization2

System for Control of Oil and Noxious Liquid Substances spill incidents
under the Marine Pollution Prevention Act (1)Discharge oil or Noxious Liquid
substance in large quantity

Obligation to reporting of the condition of thedischarge and spill (Article 38)
Ship’s captain, etc. ⇒ Coast guard organizations
Obligation to emergency measures of ship captainand others (Article 39, Paragraph 1)
Obligation to countermeasure of Shipowner andothers (Article 39, Paragraph 2)
Grasp of situation,
Direction and Commandof countermeasures tothe owners of the shipand others by JCG

Implementation ofcountermeasure byshipowner andothers

Implementation ofcountermeasure by Maritime
Disaster Prevention Center
Carried out at request of
shipowner: Article 42-25, Item 2(If necessary)
Implementation ofcountermeasure by JCG
Government-wide response

System for Control of Oil and Noxious Liquid Substances under theMarine Pollution Prevention Act (2)Direction to Maritime Disaster Prevention Center by JCG (Article 42-26)¾When measures that should be taken by polluter have not beentaken¾When there is no time to order to polluter

Request of countermeasures to heads and others of relevant
administrative agencies by JCG (Article 41)¾When measures that should be taken by polluter have not been taken¾When it is difficult to prevent marine pollution solely through measurestaken by the polluter3

Government Response System in the Event of a Large-Scale Incident
Response system based on Disaster Prevention Basic Plan and National
Establishment of Emergency Disaster
Response HeadquartersEmergency Plan provisions of the Basic Act on Disaster Control Measure

When information gathered confirms the occurrence of a large-scale disaster, thegovernment establishes Emergency Disaster Response Headquarters headed by theMinister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (authority equivalent to bureau headof relevant agencies)
Assembly of Emergency Team and Convening of Council of Relevant Ministers

Social impact

Extent of damage
Scale of incident○If a large-scale maritime disaster with major social impact threatens or occurs, theCabinet Secretariat assembles an Emergency Team (authority equivalent to bureau headof relevant agencies) at the prime minister’s official residence to gather information on
initial government measures○If necessary, an emergency council comprising relevant ministers and the prime ministeror chief cabinet secretary is convened to discuss the government’s basic response plan,
response systems, and other important matters relating to response
Establishment of Watch
Headquarters

When a strong, coordinated emergency response is deemed especially necessary due
tofactors such as the scale of the accident or the anticipated extent of damage, thegovernment establishes a Watch Headquarters headed by the JCG commandant (authorityequivalent to division head of relevant agencies)
Incident
Convening of Liaison Committee

An Inter-Agency Liaison Committee (authority equivalent to division head of relevantagencies) is convened to check and share primary information on the accident andresultant damage and to coordinate emergency response

Plans for Controlling Spills of Oil & Noxious Liquid Substances

Disaster Prevention Basic Plan and otherprovisions of the Basic Act on Disaster
Control Measures (formulated by Central
Disaster Prevention Council, etc.)
Chiefly prescribes respective roles ofnational government, local governments,
designated public institutions, etc. andcooperation between them

Regional Contingency Plan for
preparedness and response to Oil andNoxious Liquid Spills incident under theMarine Pollution Prevention Act (formulatedby JCG commandant)
Divides the seas surrounding Japan into 16 areas according
to features including shipping traffic and sea/climaticconditions. Anticipates accidents and prescribes targets forreadying equipment and materials, etc.

National Contingency Plan for Preparation and Response(cabinet decision)
In combination with the Disaster Prevention Basic Plan and the Plan for Control of Oil & Other
Substance Spills, this plan enables swift and appropriate response to pollution incidents
involving oil and other substances. It fully prescribes measures to be taken by organizations
including the operators involved, local governments and relevant government agencies;
advance preparations including establishment of response systems and readying of relevant
equipment and materials; and responses in the event of an accident, including establishmentof government response systems, information sharing, and implementation of control
measures.

4JCG Response SystemsVessels: 458(as of September 1, 2009)details
Guard and rescue vessels:

Quick dispatch
vessels, craft oraircraft to theonscene

421

Hydrographic survey vessels: 13
Navigational aids vessels:

21

Training vessels:

3
Rapid dispatch

Response

Aircraft: 73(as of September 1, 2009)
Breakdown

Rapid dispatch

Planes: 27
Helicopters: 46

National Strike TeamJCG
JCG OilOil Spill
Spill Control
Control Equipment
Equipment && Material
Material
LSC (Wakkanai, Mombetsu)

Aerial oil dispersant spray system(Kushiro)

Ocean-type oil boom (length 300m): 3 units

V-sweepAerial oil dispersant spray system

Outrigger

Large-type oil boom (length 1,000m): 5 units(Hakodate)

LSC (Shiogama)

GT-185 oil skimmers (capacity 65 kl/h): 2 units
Ocean-type oil boom (Hakodate)TC-3 aerial oil dispersant spray system: 4 units
Oil Spill Fighter, aerial oil dispersant spray systems: 4 units
Aerial oil dispersant spray system(Fukuoka)

Large vacuum-type oil skimmer(Abashiri)

Materials relating to Large oil recovery device (Abashiri)High viscosity oil skimmer (LSC, capacity 25 kl/h): 10 units
Large vacuum-type oil skimmer (capacity 60 kl/h):
1 unitMaterials relating to Large oil recovery device(outriggers, v-sweeps): 3 units

As of January 2010

Aerial oil dispersant spray system(Niigata, Yokohama)Materials relating to Large oil recovery device (Niigata)
Ocean-type oil boom (Niigata)
Aerial oil dispersant spray system(Yokohama)

LSC (Fushiki, Fukui)

Aerial oil dispersant spray system(Maizuru)

ＧＴ－１８５（Fukuoka）

LSC (Yokohama)
GT-185 (Yokohama)
Large-type oil boom (Yokkaichi,Sakai, Mizushima, Ube)

Large-type oil boom (Yokohama)

Ocean-type oil fence (Fukuoka)

LSC (Kochi, Fukuoka, Kagoshima)
Material relating to Large oilrecovery device (Fukuoka)

LSC (Naha)
Aerial oil dispersant spray system(Naha)

5

Training
Based on documentation including the Plan for Control of Oil & Noxious Liquid Substance
Spills, relevant government agencies, local governments and other organizations conduct
comprehensive and practical training that emphasizes organic links among all bodies involved.
Each year regional JCG headquarters and JCG offices conduct joint exercises with relevantorganizations based on scenarios including large oil spills.
Total number of oil spill and related accident
response exercises conducted in 2008:127(Includes 115 joint exercises with relevant organizations)【Training in use of oil control
equipment and materials 】【Table top exercise against oilspill incidents】

Coverage Area of Northwest Pacific Action Plan (NOWPAP)

５５Ｎ
Sakhalin Project:mining area
(Approximate Area)

５２Ｎ

３３Ｎ

１２１Ｅ
Former Coverage area

１４３Ｅ １４５Ｅ

Coverage area at present (from July 1, 2006)

6NOWPAP Regional Oil and HNS Spill Contingency Plan

※Red letters represent the South Korea oil-spillincident of 2007

Lead country (country requestingsupport) (Korea)
Large-scale oil spill occurs

National operation contact
point (Korea Coast Guard)

Assisting country (Japan)

Accident report

National operation contact
point (Japan Coast Guard)

Respond according to national contingency plan

In need of aid from other country due to the tremendous severity of the case

Activate NOWPAP Regional Oil and HNS Spill Contingency Plan

National operation contact point(Korea Coast Guard)

Request for support
Notify decision on assistance

224-hour liaison system
・Report of the plan invocation
・ Information on pollution incidents

Assistance decisionauthority (Ministry ofForeign Affairs, Japan)

National operation
contact point (JapanCoast Guard)

Intercommunication

Intercommunication

Assistance decision authority(Ministry of Foreign Affairs andTrade, South Korea)

Personneland material assistance

Conduct joint response operations

Dispatch expert teams
Provide oil adsorbents

Distribute reports, etc

Recent Major Oil Spills from Tankers
Outline of Erika Accident (1999)
On December 8, 1999, approximately 70 nautical miles off Brest in northwest
France, the Maltese-registered tanker Erika broke in two due to rough weather.
The bow portion sank early on the morning of the 13th, and the stern portion
sank around 5:15 on the afternoon of the same day. An estimated 14,000 kl ofcargo heavy oil spilled from the tanker, causing large-scale marine pollution anddamage when it drifted ashore on some 400 km of coastline in Brittany, an area
known for tourism and cultivation of oysters and other marine products.

Site of Erika
sinking

Sea off Brest7

Recent Major Oil Spills from Tankers
Outline of Prestige Accident (2002)
On November 13, 2002, approximately 28 nautical miles off Cape Finisterre in
the province of Galicia in northwest Spain, cracks occurred in the hull of theBahamian-registered tanker Prestige, which became unnavigable due to theamount of water it was taking on board. The ship was gradually towed awayfrom the coast, but around 8:00 on the morning of the 19th it broke in two
approximately 145 nautical miles from the Cies Islands off the south Galician
coast, and sank at about 11:45 that evening. An estimated 40,000 kl of cargo
heavy oil spilled from the tanker, drifted ashore on the coasts of Portugal andFrance as well as Spain and causing large-scale marine pollution and damage.

Site of Prestige
sinking

Galicia

Ships Leaving Prigorodnoye in Southern Sakhalin inConnection with the Sakhalin II Project (Phase 2)【Prigorodnoye】【To United States of America】＊December 2008: Start of year-round crude oil production＊ March 2009: Start of year-round LNG production↓Prigorodnoye Bay【To theRepublic ofKorea】【To thePeople’s
Republic ofChina】
Crude oil tankers: approx 90 each year
※About 60% shipping to Japan, and the remainder to UnitedStates of America, the Republic of Korea, the People’s
Republic of China, etc.
※Since crude oil is sold on a shipment-by-shipment basis,
actual destinations are uncertain, but generally oil will beshipped to destinations including Tokyo Bay, Ise Bay, theSeto Inland Sea, and Kagoshima Bay.

Handles 250 large
tankers each year!

LNG tankers: approx. 160 each year

↑LNG tanker arrives at Sodegaura Bay in Chiba
prefecture (first shipment from Sakhalin)※About 60% shipping to Japan, and the remainder toUnited States of America, the Republic of Korea, etc.
※In Japan, sales contracts have been signed with TEPCO,Tokyo Gas, Kyushu Electric Power, Toho Gas, Chubu
Electric Power, Tohoku Electric Power, Hiroshima Gas,
Osaka Gas, and Saibu Gas

Higher probabilityof accidents8Replacement of Equipment & Materials for Oil Spills combating(FY2009 1st Supplementary Budget)
Aerial oil dispersant spray systems(Hakodate, Yokohama, Maizuru, Naha)

Large-type oil booms(Yokkaichi, Sakai, Mizushima, Ube)

Oil Recovery device Sets
(Foilex skimmer, Lancer barge, etc.)(Mombetsu, Yokohama, Niigata,Wakayama)
ＦＯＩＬＥＸ（能力：30kl/h or 70kl/h ）Japan-Russia Joint Oil Spill Combating Exercise (Tentative Name) (Scheduled for September 2010)

Fleet
Fleet(anticipated)(anticipated)

・JCG patrol vessels/crafts/helicopters
vessels/crafts/helicopters
・JCGPorts
patroland
vessels/crafts/helicopters
・MLIT
Harbors Bureau oil recovery vessel
・MLIT Portsand Harbors
Bureauoil oil
recoveryvessel
・Maritime
DisasterPrevention
Centerrecoveryvessel
・Maritime
DisasterPrevention
Center oilCentre
recoveryvessel vessel
・Russian Maritime Rescue
Cooil recovery
Co-ordination
・Russian Maritime Rescue Co-ordination Centre oil recovery vessel

LifesavingAerial spraying of oil dispersant

Off Wakkanai

Ports and Harbors Bureau
oil recovery vessel

Gas detection

Man overboard

drafting crude oil

Evacuation guidance

Recovery of drifting oil

Patrol craft

Patrol vessel
Patrol vessel (Transrec skimming
system owned by PAJ)

Russian vessel (oilrecovery equipment)

Patrol vessel(LSC)
Patrol vessel(command vessel)

Outcomes★Enhance emergency responsiveness of private and public sector
participants through practical exercise★Ensure safety/reassurance of local residents through public viewingviewing9Sakhalin Project Accident Response Forum (Tentative Name) (Scheduled for September 2010)

Current status of project and accident response measures

Lectures
Impact on Sea of Okhotsk
Oil and Noxious Liquid substances spill response
Hazardous and noxious substances

Discussion

Outcomes

Discussion of the above lectures, including
general public★Share information among all involved in the private and public
sectors and raise awareness of safety issues★Ensure safety/reassurance of local residents through public
disclosure

Thank you10