九大地熱・火山研究報告第 11 号 (2002) 56-66 頁

GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN THAILAND
Thoop Korjedee

ABSTRACT
IMany geothermal manifestations and hot springs of medium to low enthalpy have been found scattering aroundthe country of Thailand, especially in the northern part, the southern part and the western part. The surface
temperatures of the hot springs range from 40˚C to 100˚C. Systematic studies of geothermal resources started
in 1973 by the National Energy Administration of Thailand (NEA) and Kingston Reynolds Thom & Alladiceindicated that utilization of geothermal energy for power generation and agricultural application was warranted.
The Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT), in cooperation with the French Energy Agency, Japan
International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and Chiang Mai University, has developed a geothermal power projectin Chiang Mai province.
In 1989, EGAT succeed in the installation of the 300 kWe binary cycle geothermal power plant at Fang area.
Up to now this power plant has a capacity to generate and transmit more than 13 million kWh of electricity to
the local distribution grid. The exhaust hot water from the power plant is used for demonstrating crop dryer, airconditioning and cold storage.
A similar project has been developed in Mae Hong Son and Chiang Rai province, which mainly emphasizes onshallow level exploration for multipurpose uses.
1. INTRODUCTION

geothermal energy development in northern Thailand.

There are more than 90 hot springs with surface
temperatures ranging from 40˚ to 100˚C scattering
throughout the country with more than 40 of themlocated in the northern part (Fig.1). The preliminary
results from reconnaissance surveys which had
been done by the National Energy Administration(NEA) of Thailand and Kingston Reynolds Thom &Allardice Ltd. of New Zealand in 1973 indicated thatutilization of geothermal energy for power generation
and agricultural application was warranted. However,the studies of geothermal potential did not begin untillate 1979. A working group consisting of personnel
from the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand(EGAT), the Department of Mineral Resources (DMR)
and Chiang Mai University (CMU) was formed
with the aim to define the potential of geothermal
development for power generating which leads to theset up and implementation of the tentative schedule for

2. EXPLORATION HISTORY

Since 1979 the working group has investigated morethan 30 well-known hot spring of northern Thailand
although the exploration drilling had not begun until
1981 (Table 1). The exploration has subsequently
been narrowed down to the five most promising areas,
namely Fang, San Kampaeng, Pa Pae, Tepanom
geothermal areas in Chiang Mai province and Mae
Chan geothermal area in Chiang Rai province (Fig 2).
The calculated reservoir temperatures are close to or
above 180˚C. After conducting scientific, sociologicaland economical analyses, San Kampaeng and Fang
geothermal areas were selected as the sites for detailstudies.
During 1982-1988 EGAT cooperated with Japan
International Cooperation Agency (JICA) in

Research and Development OfficeElectricity Generating Authority of Thailand
Nonthaburi, 11130, Thailand

56

GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN THAILAND

carrying out the pre-feasibility study on geothermal
development in San Kampaeng, in order to utilize
geothermal energy for electricity generation.

shallow exploration wells were drilled at the selected
location to examine the subsurface condition. During
1994-1996, nine geothermal areas namely: Mae Chan,
Tepanom, Muang Ngam, Pha Bong, Nong Haeng,
Mae Kasa, Pong Pu Fuang, Ko Kha and Pha Sert
geothermal areas were investigated.

During 1982-1992, EGAT cooperated with the French
Environment and Energy Management Agency(ADEME) in studying the use of geothermal energy
for electricity generation and multipurpose uses inFang geothermal area.

During 1994-1996, Pai geothermal areas including
Ban Muang Rae and Ban Muang Paeng geothermalarea, in Pai district, Mae Hong Son province, northern
Thailand (Fig. 2) were investigated by EGAT to
implement for shallow reservoir development. The
result shows that the potential is not suitable forelectricity generation.

During 1983-1986, DMR established the geothermal
exploration project to evaluate the potential of 50
geothermal areas in northern part of the country using
geological and geochemical prospecting. The technicalassistance from the United Nation Development
Program (UNDP) under the contract of TCD CON
32/83 was also a part of this project. The UNDP
project covered 9 selected geothermal areas, namely:
Ban Pong, Ban Nong Krok, Pong Kum, Tepanom,
Nam Mae Mon, Nam Mae Hul, Ban Sop Pong, Ban
Pong Nam Ron and Ban Mae Chok geothermal areas.
The expert mission from Geothermica. Italiana Srl.,
Italy, performed the fieldwork during 1983-1984. The
geophysical and drilled well data available in somegeothermal areas were also used for evaluating the
project.

In 1996, EGAT carried out the resistivity surveys andshallow exploration drilling at Mae Chan geothermalarea in Chiang Rai province, northern Thailand.
Latest, in 1998, EGAT carried out the resistivity
surveys and shallow exploration drilling at Ban Nong
Haeng geothermal area in Khun Yuam district, Mae
Hong Son province (Fig. 2). This is one of the projectsof new energy resources development, which EGAT
has made endeavor to implement in Mae Hong Son
province.
3. GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM

Apart from two main exploration methods, DMR
carried out the geophysical work and drilling workin Pong Kum, Ban Sop Pong, Ban Pong, Ban Nong
Krok, Ban Pun Jane, Mae Chok and San Kampaeng
geothermal areas.

Geothermal Resources in Thailand are considered
to be low to intermediate temperature resource withreservoir temperature up to 225˚C (Hochstein, 1988).
The studies of geothermal resources in northern part ofThailand indicated that all of hot springs is distributed
around Cenozoic basins, granitic batholiths (Barr et al,1979). There are no active volcanoes in Thailand. The
heat source of hot spring is considered as the decayof radiogenic elements in rocks, especially granitic
rocks that are widely distributed in Thailand. Most of
the reservoirs are likely associated with faults or faults
sets which have very steep dips. The Geothermal
system in Thailand can be classified into 2 types,
namely, narrow fracture zone system (less than 100 mwide) and wide fracture zone system (more than 100
m wide). A conceptual model of the system is shownin Fig. 3a and Fig. 3b.

In 1982, the department of Energy Development andPromotion (DEDP) in cooperation with CMU carriedout the detailed study in Ban Nam Ron, Ban Phu Toei,
Ban Phu Kham and Ban Wang Kham geothermalareas in Petchaboon Province to define the potentialof these low enthalpy geothermal system. The
exploration work included the geological geochemical
and resistivity surveys.
During 1992-1995, DEDP established a 5-year
geothermal exploration plan with the target to exploit
hot water from shallow depth wells for small scaledirect uses in the agro-industrial application especiallyin crop drying. The extensive plan to estimate theactual potential of the prospect was commenced
in 1993. The resistivity surveys were carried out
covering the prospecting area in order to locate anddelineate the resistivity structure and then some

4. GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF HOTSPRING WATER

The Chemical composition of hot spring water in57

Thoop Korjedeenorthern Thailand can be summarized as follow:
1. Surface temperature is up to 100˚C
2. pH range from neutral to slightly alkali (7-9.5)
3. Low chloride content (less than 32 mg/l) andhigh fluoride content (up to 25 mg/l)
4. Low calcium and magnesium content (less than
6 mg/l and less than 0.6 mg/l respectively)
5. Na-HCO3 type composition

was done to confirm the production reliability, EGAT
decided to procure a binary power plant of 300 kWe
capacity for demonstration. The power plant was
installed and has been connected to the local grid
system since December 5, 1989. Up to now this power
plant has capacity to generate and transmit more than
13 million kWh of electricity to the local distribution
grid. The exhaust hot water from the power plant isused for demonstrating crop dryer, air conditioning
and cold storage (Fig. 4 and Fig. 5). Nowadays,
Thailand mainly emphasizes shallow level exploration
for multipurpose uses.

5. EGAT'S GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION AND
DEVELOPMENT
San Kampaeng Geothermal Area

The San Kampaeng geothermal development project
has been conducted under technical collaboration
between EGAT and Japan International Cooperation
Agency (JICA) in 1982. The objective of thiscollaboration was to define the geothermal potentialof the area. The detail investigation on geology,
geochemistry, geophysics and exploration drillingwere carried out during 1982-1988. Two deep
exploration wells, GTE-7 and GTE-8, were drilledin the prospecting areas to the depth of 1,277 and1,300 meters respectively. The first well, GTE-7,
was dry with the bottom hole temperature of 99o C.
The second well, GTE-8, encountered fracture zones
at various depths from 330-920 meters and only
the last fracture at depth of 920 meters, discharged
40 t/h of water at 125o C. Estimated potential of
the San Kampaeng geothermal reservoir is up to 5
MW through binary cycle system. However, costeffectiveness of binary cycle geothermal power plant
is higher than conventional thermal power system.

The technical cooperation on Fang Deep Geothermal
Development Project, under the extended agreementwith the French Environment and Energy Management
Agency (ADEME), in order to define the potentialof deep reservoir was started in 1990. The detailgeological survey, electrical survey and geochemical
survey were implemented in order to locate the deep
reservoir and its controlled structure. After completed
the field surveys, the intermediate deep wells (FX1FX4) were drilled with a target for 500 meters deepin the prospecting points. The second well, FX-2,
encountered a fracture at 270 meters depth andproduced 25 t/h of hot water having a temperature of
125 ˚C. The well FX-4 encountered the fractures at thedepth of 268, 337 and 417 meters and had bottom holetemperature of 130 ˚C. The total hot water flow rate
is about 36 t/h. The other wells, FX-1 and FX-3 were
non-productive and had bottom hole temperatures of108 ˚C and 113 ˚C respectively. The data obtaining
from the survey indicated that the reservoir is most
likely associated with faults or fault sets which are laid
down very steep dip. By this reason it is very high risk
to encounter this faults by normal vertical drilling so
it is unreasonable to drill the deep vertical exploration
well in this moment.

Fang Geothermal Area

In 1982, the cooperation between EGAT and theFrench Agency for Energy Management (AFME) wasestablished to carry out the Feasibility Study on Fang
Geothermal Development Project to install a binary
cycle demonstration plant of 100-300 kWe using
hot water from the shallow reservoir. The geologicalsurvey and detailed resistivity survey were carriedout to examine the shallow resistivity structure, todelineate mineralized hot water zone and to locate
shallow production wells. Some shallow wells were
drilled for various exploring purposes which someof them discharging hot water. From late 1985 toearly 1986, two exploration wells, FGTE-14 andFGTE-15, were drilled in low resistivity anomalous
zones discharged hot water of 125 ˚C, with total flowrate of 22 liters per second. After the production test

Pai Geothermal Area

After EGAT has succeed in developing the firstgeothermal demonstration plant in Fang geothermalarea, EGAT set up the plan to develop the shallow
reservoirs as multipurpose project at Ban Muang
Rae and Ban Muang Paeng geothermal areas in Pai
District, Mae Hong Son Province during 1994-1996.
The geophysical surveys using DC resistivity method
were carried out covering the prospecting area in orderto locate and delineate the resistivity structure, toinvestigate the geological structure which associated58GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN THAILAND

with the geothermal system, such as fracture zones,
depth of granite basement and to locate area forshallow exploratory wells.

meters.
Ban Muang Paeng Geothermal Area

The resistivity profiling survey was conducted byusing current electrode of AB/2 = 50, 100 and 200
meters for 7 profile lines with an approximate lengthof 500 meters per line running across Huai Mae Paeng
Fault. The low resistivity zone at AB/2 of 200 meters
lies along Huai Mae Paeng Fault and hot spring. This
low resistivity zone may indicate the fracture zone
trending nearly NS and NE-SW

The resistivity survey consists of three methods:
resistivity profiling, vertical electrical sounding (VES)
using Schlumberger array and combined head-on
resistivity profiling. The aim of the combined head-on
resistivity profiling is to investigate the low resistivity
structures associated with fracture zones which can
act as a vertical channel for outflow of hot water in theupper part.

Five survey lines of resistivity profiling were selected
to conduct combined head-on resistivity profilingsurvey. The survey result shows that there are threefractures being detected. These fractures can becorrelated to the result of resistivity profiling survey.

Ban Muang Rae Geothermal Area

At Ban Muang Rae geothermal area, the resistivity
profiling survey which is the method for investigating
the lateral variation of resistivity at desired depth was
carried out with current electrode spacing of AB/2 =50, 100 and 200 meters for 10 profile lines with anapproximate length of 500 meters per line. The resultshows that the low resistivity zone (less than 60 Ω-m)
appears along the west of Pai River.

Fourteen measurement stations of Vertical ElectricalSounding were carried out around the hot spring area.
The survey results indicated that the low resistivity
layer of 20-35 Ω-m at the depth of less than 60 meters
exists at the west side of Huai Mae Paeng Fault
covering the hot spring area. This low resistivity zone
may indicate the alteration zone of granite basement
associated with hot water.

Eight survey lines of resistivity profiling were selected
to carry out the combined head-on resistivity profilingsurvey using AB/2 spacing of 100 and 200 meters.
The survey result shows that there is a main fracturezone trending NE and nearly vertical dipping to be
detected. The fracture zone can be coincident with theresult of resistivity profiling survey.

The eleven heat holes of 50 meters deep were drilled
after finishing geophysical temperature. The survey
result shows that the high temperature zone is situatedaround the hot spring and extends to the north parallelto Huai Mae Paeng Fault. After finishing heat hole
drillings, four shallow exploration and production
wells of 250 meters deep were drilled. Three of themdischarged hot water with bottom hole temperature of
94 ˚C and total flow rate was about 25 liter per second
with low pressure (nearly atmospheric pressure). Dueto the survey result showing low potential resource,
EGAT decided to postpone the developing of thisgeothermal area for electricity generating. However,This hot water can still be used for agricultural
purpose.

Vertical Electricity Sounding surveys was carriedout for 6 stations using perfect and imperfectSchlumberger array. Most measurement stations arelocated in the west of Pai River. The result showsthat the alluvial deposit layer has apparent resistivity
varies between 25 to 300 Ω-m. The weathered graniteor altered granite has apparent resistivity between
12 to 15 Ω -m and unaltered granite basement has
resistivity between 350 to 950 Ω-m. The section in the
NE direction shows the depth of granite increase to
the south.

Mae Chan Geothermal Area

After finishing geophysical survey the twelve heatholes of 50 meters deep were drilled. Furthermore
three exploratory drilling wells of 200 meters deep
with the hole diameter of 5 5/8 inches were drilled
along the fracture zone. The results of these drillingwells were non-productive. The result indicates thatthe bottom hole temperature is about 93.3 ˚ C andthe highest temperature is 96 ˚C at the depth of 170

EGAT carried out the resistivity profiling using
current electrode spacing of AB/2= 100 meters for 5
profile lines with approximate length of 800 meters.
Combined head-on resistivity profiling method was
carried out for 5 profile lines with electrode spacing of
AB/2 = 100 meters and 3 profile lines with electrodespacing of AB/2 = 200 meters. The result shows that59

Thoop Korjedee

the low resistivity anomalies and preferred faults
correspond with the main faults of the area. The resultof combined head-on resistivity profiling survey
shows that three faults trending NE-SW cross the area
can be detected.

C at the depth of 42 meters. Numerous fractures areencountered at that depth but no hot water discharges.
The result shows a thermal anomaly extends to SouthEast of the area. The 30 Ω-m resistivity anomaly at 20m depth coincides with the area of high temperatureof the bore holes. The 30 Ω-m resistivity anomaly
is about 12,500 square meters and at a very shallow
depth of about 20 meters. The conclusion of thesurvey result indicates that the shallow reservoir is
low potential to develop for electricity generationand not suitable to drill 250 meters deep wells for the
next step. In addition, in order to define the higher
temperature reservoir, as estimated by chemical
geothermometer, such modern geophysical survey asmagnetotelluric (CSAMT) method is required becauseof topographic concerns and in order to obtain moredetail at deeper level

Eleven exploratory wells of 50 meters deep were
drilled. The result shows the good sign for shallow
reservoir development and a thermal anomaly extends
to South-East of the area. EGAT had planned to drill
2-3 of 200-300 meters deep holes, but due to theeconomic crisis, EGAT decided to postpone the deep
drilling program.
Nong Haeng Geothermal Area

In early 1998, EGAT planned to develop energy
resource in Mae Hong Son Province, especiallyrenewable energy such as solar energy and geothermalenergy. Nong Haeng geothermal area is one ofthe projects which EGAT attempts to develop forelectricity generation from geothermal energy.
Resistivity profiling survey and combined head-on
resistivity profiling survey were carried out for thesame 8 profile lines of length 900 and 400 meterswhich lie in two directions (NE and NW direction)
The result indicates that the low resistivity zone (lessthan 60 Ω-m) appears in the center of the area aroundthe hot spring. This low resistivity zone shows in the
NW-SE direction. On the other hand a high resistivity
which is coincident with the high topography exhibits
in the east. The result of combined head-on resistivity
profiling shows that the main fault is not detected.
Only small fracture zones trending nearly E-W and
NW-SE can be founded in the area.

6. MULTIPURPOSE PROJECT

Since Thailand is an agricultural country, many of the
agricultural products, especially in northern Thailand,should be kept in a cold storage in order to reduce thepost-harvest losses. Among these products are: onion,
potato, lychee, longan etc. Tobacco, agro-industry,
chili, earth-bean and garlic are the other important
main products, which will also require curing by
drying system.
At San Kampaeng geothermal area, CMU and Mae
Jo Institute of Agricultural Technology carried out
the research work with the financial support fromthe NEA to use the discharging hot water from the
exploration well for tobacco curing and earth-bean
drying. Unfortunately, after the research was runover, there is no more in use of these dryers. In 1989,
the Tourist Authority of Thailand (TAT) and the San
Kampaeng cooperative village were joined together
to develop this hot spring area as the tourist spot andto promote the thermal water for bathing, which arebecome popular nowadays.

Thirteen measurement stations of Vertical Electricity
Sounding survey were conducted throughout thearea. The data of three measurement stations that arelocated in the east of the area are not reliable. This isbecause the steep slop of topography. The data werealso analyzed and interpreted by PNOC, Philippines,
in the under foreign co-operation in 1999. Resistivity
models show that the low resistivity (less than 50 Ω-m) is shown at the depth of less than 100 meters andthe thickness of the low resistivity ranges from about
20 to 30 meters.

At Fang geothermal area, exhausted hot water fromthe power plant is again used for demonstrating
crop dryer, air conditioning and cold storage (using
absorption type) with ice storage. Meanwhile, the Mae
Fang National Park constructed the public bathing
pond and sauna room to serve the visitors. Recently,
the Food Processing Section of the Royal Project Royal Recommended Project is constructed a newlarger crop dryer to preserve his products. Cooled

The seven heat holes of 50 and 70 meters deep were
drilled in order to define temperature gradient. The
result indicates that the bottom hole temperature isabout 73.8 ˚C and the highest temperature is 83.0 ˚60

GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN THAILAND

water of about half million cubic meters per year ischemically safe enough to discharge for crop planting
in nearby area.

EGAT emphasizes to develop the shallow reservoirs
for multipurpose uses in the area with electricity
shortage such as Mae Hong Son Province.

7. STATUS OF ON-GOING PROJECT

In another move to alleviate the power shortage
problem in the province, EGAT tries to develop the
Ban Nong Haeng geothermal prospect but still lacks
CSAMT equipment and experience in this exploration
field. In this regard, EGAT is going to apply to JICA
for the grant aid in Project-type Technical Cooperation
to procure the CSAMT equipment.

The Geothermal Exploration in Thailand is consideredsubject to Assessment of Mae Hong Son Geothermal
Resources Project. This project has requested
National Energy policy Office of Thailand to sponsor
for geochemical and isotopic surveys in other 7 hotspring areas, which are selected from the 16 existing
hot spring areas, in Mae Hong Son province. Thesestudies will be carried out with the cooperation ofElectricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT)
and Chiang Mai University (CMU). The project isaimed at evaluating the potential of development, as
multipurpose project, and promoting the developmentof the natural resources in the province. Recently, thedemand of electricity in this province is increased
and the shortage of electricity will occur if thetransmission lines are not constructed.

9. CONCLUSIONS

Moreover, the Royal Forest Department has requested
technical assistance from EGAT to develop hot springsin 22 Natural Park areas through out the country
for recreating purpose. The scope of development
is exploration of existing natural hot springs anddevelopment for hot water utility and other related
tourist facilities.

Geothermal in Thailand is still in progress. We believethat the development of medium enthalpy geothermal
resources can support the energy demands and utilize
for multipurpose project. Fang binary cycle power
plant together with hot water utilization is the firstproject in Thailand, which is fully implemented. In
point of fact, Thailand is located out of the volcanic
zones, all the experiences of this unique applicationin exploration, installation and operation as well associal and environmental prospects are very useful forformulating the future geothermal energy planning.
This is the great benefit to Thailand and the world asa whole. In addition, the problems of development
being faced now are the low potential of the resources,
lack of personnel, lack of technology know-how, andlack of budget.

8. FUTURE ACTIVITIESREFERENCES

At San Kampaeng, A small amount of geothermal
fluid from shallow reservoir of San Kampaeng
Geothermal Area is used for recreation and tourist
attraction. EGAT has been trying to cooperate withthe local authority to establish a government-private
joint project to use the existing discharge fluid forcommercial scale crop drying and cool storage, topreserve agricultural product of nearby villages.
However, the project so far has not been successful
due to the lack of financial support.

Barr, S.M., Ratanasthien, B., Breen, D., Raminwong,
T. and Sertsrivanit, S. (1979), Hot Spring andGeothermal gradient in northern Thailand,
Geothermic, vol. 8, pp.85-95.
Cheng, Y. W. (1980), Location of near surface faults
in geothermal prospects by the "Combined head-on
resistivity profiling method", Proceeding of the 2nd
New Zealand Workshop, pp 163-166.
Hochstein, M.P. (1988), Assessment and modeling ofGeothermal Reservoir (Small Utilization Schemes),
Geothermic, vol. 17, No. 1, pp .15-49

As deep reservoirs are most likely associated with very
steep dipping fractures, it is very difficult to develop
resources by using normal techniques. Directional
drilling is considered the most suitable and effective
method to apply with deep geothermal resources.
Even though directional drilling is considered costeffective, its investment cost is presently high. Thus,

JICA (1986), Interim Report, "The Pre-Feasibility
Study for the San Kampaeng Geothermal
Development Project in the Kingdom of Thailand",
Unpublished.
61

Thoop Korjedee

JICA (1988), Final Report, " The Pre-Feasibility Study
for the San Kampaeng Geothermal Development
Project in the Kingdom of Thailand", Unpublished.

Report No. 95.16, University of Auckland, New
Zealand.
Prasatkhetwittaya, W., Praserdvigai, S., and Korjedee,
T. (2000), Overview on Geothermal Exploration
and Development in Thailand, Paper presented atGeothermal Power Asia' 2000 Conference, 28-29
February 2000, Manila, Philippines.

Korjedee, T. (1995), Preliminary report of Ban Muang
Paeng geothermal prospect, Electricity Generating
Authority of Thailand. (Published in Thai Language)
Korjedee, T. (1999), Preliminary report of Ban Nong
Haeng geothermal prospect, Electricity Generating
Authority of Thailand. (Published in Thai Language)

Praserdvigai, S. (1999), The Geothermal Explorationin Thailand, Paper presented at Exchange Technical in
Promoting Geothermal Development, Oct 1999, NEF,
Japan.

Prasatkhetwittaya, W. (1995), Report of Resistivity
Study of Muang Paeng Geothermal Area, Thailand,

Fig. 1 Major fault zones and hot springs in Thailand.

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GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN THAILAND

Fig. 2 Location of geothermal promising areas

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Thoop Korjedee

Fig. 3a Schematic model of a narrow fracture zone system with a small shallow outflow

Fig. 3b Schematic model of a wide fracture zone system with an inclined upflow of hot water

Fig. 4 Pictorial diagram of Fang geothermal multipurpose project

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GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN THAILAND

1
3

2

5

4

Fig. 5 Fang geothermal multipurpose project1- Geyser from shallow wells
2- The 300 kW binary cycle geothermal power plant
3- Dryer and cold storage for agriculture products
4- Hot bath5- Steam sauna

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Thoop Korjedee

Table. 1 Summary of Exploration Drilling for Geothermal Energy Recourses
in Thailand (After Praserdvigai, 1999)
Drilling

Geothermal
Area

Responsibility/

RemarkDepth (m)No. of Well

Duration

<100

40

EGAT/

<500

6

1981-1987

1,227

1

1,300

1

<100

27

EGAT/

- 300 kW binary cycle power

<200

7

1982-1994

plant is under operated

<150

10

<500

3

<50

12

EGAT/1994

<200

3

1995

<50

11

EGAT/1994

<200

4

1996

temperature

Pong Kum

20-30

30

DMR/1984- Exploration

Ban Sop Pong

20-30

16

DMR/1984- Exploration

Ban Pong

150

1

DMR/1984- Exploration

Ban Nong Krok

120

1

DMR/1984- Exploration

Ban Mae Chok

100

1

DMR/1984- Exploration

Ban Pun Jane100

1

DMR/1984- Exploration

Tepanom

1003DEDP/1994- Exploration / Geyser well

Pong Pu Fuang

1002

DEDP/1994- Exploration

Koh Kha101

1

DEDP/1994- Exploration

Mae Kasa

100

1

DEDP/1995- Exploration

Nong Haeng

100

2

DEDP/1995- Exploration

Mae Chan100

2DEDP/1996- Exploration / Geyser well

Pha Sert

1002DEDP/1996- Exploration

Muang Ngam

100

2

DEDP/1997- Exploration

Pha Bong

100

2

DEDP/1997- Exploration

Mae Chan50

11

EGAT/1997- Thermal gradient survey

Nong Haeng

50

7

EGAT/1998- Thermal gradient survey

San Kampaeng

Fang

Ban Muang Rae
Ban Muang Paeng- The development project
was postponed- Deep Reservoir exploration
was postponed- Unfavorable reservoir
temperature- Unfavorable reservoir

DEDP: Department of Energy Development and Promotion

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