Reconnaissance Report on Seismic Damage
Caused by Guanshan Earthquake andChihshang Earthquake, Taiwan, 2022
(third edition, v3.0)
Chung-Che Chou, Chiun-Lin Wu, Juin-Fu Chai, George C. Yao
NCREE, Taiwan
September 23, 2022

www.ncree.narl.org.tw
Copyright © 2022 NCREE. All rights reserved.

Members of the Emergency Response Team
Chairperson: Chung-Che Chou
Emergency Response Operation Manager (Deputy Chairperson): Chiun-Lin Wu
Deputy Emergency Response Operation Manager: Juin-Fu Chai
Executive Secretary: Chi-Hao Lin
Disaster Estimation
Gee-Yu Liu、Yu-Wen Chang , Jyun-Yan Huang , Shih-Liang Chen, Lee-Hui Huang
Disaster Information Collection
Chun-Chung Chen , Hsiao-Hui Hung , Bo-Han Lee, Chih-Shian Chen
Damage Survey
Yuan-Tao Weng, Hsuan-Chih Yang
Emergency Response Support
Ho-Hsiung Yang, Wei-Choung Cheng, Mu-Hsuan Li, Hsien-chung Lin, Ruey-Chu Kao,
Su-Yueh Lu, Chun-Yuan Ku, Chia-Chuan Hsu, Chung-Han Yu, Ching-Hsien Huang,
Chiao-Chu Hsu, Che-Yu Chang, Shang-Yi Hsu, Jiun-Shiang Wang, Yu-Ying Lin, Kuan-Yu
Chen, Chiu-Ping Fan, Chih-Wei Chang, You-Xuan Lin
Decision Making
Chin-Hsun Yeh, Fang-Yao Yeh, Jui-Liang Lin, Shu-Hsien Chao, Che-Min Lin

2

Members of Reconnaissance Team
Building and Bridge Damage Survey
Chung-Che Chou, Chung-Chan Hung, Gilberto Mosqueda, Zheng-Kuan Lee, Chi-Rung

Jiang, Sheng-Jhih Jhuang, Kai-Ning Chi, Sheng-Yuan Siao, Jian-Ming Chen
Geological Damage Survey
Chih-Chieh Lu, Yuan-Chang Deng, Wei-Kuang Chang

Nonstructural Components and Systems Damage Survey
George C. Yao, Fan-Ru Lin, Wei-Hung Hsu, Bai-Yi Huang, Wei-Chung Chen, Yu-Chiau
Huang, Jian-Xiang Wang, Tzu-Chieh Chien, Kun-Ru Liu, Min-Chi Ko, Chen-Pei Hsu,
Tzu-Ying Wu
External Support
Taiwan professional geotechnical engineers association
CECI Engineering Consultants, Inc.
SINOTECH Engineering Consultants, Ltd.
3

Introduction
At 9:41 p.m. on Sep. 17 (UTC+8) and 2:44 p.m. on Sep. 18 (UTC+8) in 2022, two ML 6.4 and
6.8 earthquakes hit Guanshan and Chihshang in Taitung (respectively named as Guanshan
earthquake and Chihshang earthquake). According to the Central Weather Bureau (CWB),
the ML 6.8 quake is the mainshock and the ML 6.4 quake is the foreshock. The epicenters of
the two quakes are both near the Chihshang fault. The ground shaking reaches CWB
Seismic Intensity Level 6 Upper (6+) and the peak ground acceleration 607 gal, leading todisasters including building and bridge collapse in Hualien and Taitung. Within 1 hour after
the mainshock, NCREE convened the seismic disaster emergency response meeting. Damage
surveys were quickly planned and scheduled based on the early loss estimation results
reported by the disaster estimation team and the latest disaster information reported bydisaster information collection team. On the next day, Sep. 19, Director General, Chung-Che
Chou, led members of Building Engineering Division, Bridge Engineering Division, Earth
Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering Division, Nonstructural Components and Systems
Division to conduct on-site damage survey in Hualien and Taitung, inspecting damage sites
and collecting information about the cause of disasters.
After the earthquakes, disaster information collection is gradually completed. Informationof the earthquakes and the report of disasters is published on the NCREE official website.
Information of Guanshan and Chihshang earthquakes in Taitung
Report in Chinese Ed. 1 (v1.2): uploaded on Sep. 18, 2022. https://reurl.cc/aGDYX9Report in Chinese Ed. 2 (v2.3): uploaded on Sep. 19, 2022. https://reurl.cc/NRodM64

Outline of Disaster Investigation Report◆ Ground Motion Characteristics◆ Damage of Buildings◆ Damage of Bridges◆ Geotechnical Damage◆ Damage of Nonstructural Components and Nonbuilding Structures◆ Information for Earthquake Early Warning, Structural Monitoring
and Control
5Outline of Disaster Investigation Report◆ Ground Motion Characteristics◆ Damage of Buildings◆ Damage of Bridges◆ Geotechnical Damage◆ Damage of Nonstructural Components and Nonbuilding Structures◆ Information for Earthquake Early Warning, Structural Monitoring
and Control
6

CWB Earthquake Report◼

【Earthquake No.: 111086】◼

【Earthquake No.: 111111】

Origin time (Taiwan Standard Time: GMT+08:00):
9/17/2022 21:41:19.1

Origin time (Taiwan Standard Time: GMT+08:00):
9/18/2022 14:44:15.2

Location: 23.08N 121.16E, i.e. 35.8 km N of
Taitung County

Location: 23.14N 121.20E, i.e. 42.7 km N of
Taitung County

Depth : 7.3 km

Depth : 7.0 km

Magnitude(ML): 6.4

Guanshan Eqk.

Chihshang Eqk.

Magnitude(ML): 6.8

According to the press conference of the CWB at 16:30 pm on September 18, the ML6.8 earthquake on September 18
was the main shock, and the ML6.4 earthquake on September 17 was the foreshock.

7

8

The Ground Motion Map from CWB
Guanshan Eqk. 0917ML6.4

Max. PGA(EW, NS)=449gal
PGA(sum)=607gal(Fuli Station, Repi=19km)

Max. PGV(EW, NS)=85cm/s
PGV(sum)=91cm/s(Chihshang Station, Repi=6.1km)

Chihshang Eqk. 0918ML6.8

Max. PGA(EW, NS)=501gal
PGA(sum)=550gal(Yuli Station, Repi=26km)

Max. PGV(EW, NS)=97cm/s
PGV(sum)=109cm/s(Chihshang Station, Repi=4.9km)
88Focal mechanism
Guanshan Eqk. 0917ML6.4

Chihshang Eqk. 0918ML6.8◼ From USGS (W-phase Moment Tensor(Mww)): the source rupture type belongs
to strike-slip faulting, Mw = 6.53,
Depth=13.5km.

◼ From USGS (W-phase Moment Tensor(Mww)): the source rupture type belongs
to oblique reverse fault, Mw = 6.93,
Depth=11.5km.

◼ From Broadband Array in Taiwan for
Seismology of Institute of Earth Sciences,
Academia Sinica (AutoBATS MT) : thesource rupture type also shows the strikeslip faulting, Mw = 6.5, Depth=13.5km
25km.

◼ The moment tensor solution from
Broadband Array in Taiwan for
Seismology of Institute of Earth
Sciences, Academia Sinica, including
GMRT and W-Phase, have similar
results.

(USGS)(AutoBATS MT)(USGS)GRMT(IES、TEC)

W-Phase(IES、TEC)
9

Location of the Earthquake and Fault

ML5.9

ML6.8

ML6.4

The distribution ofaftershocks indicatesthat the main shock
triggers the activity of
the Chihshang fault.

Shows a westward
地震目錄:20220901~
dipping geologicalformations

10

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Aftershock
Phase 1: 0917ML6.4 -> 0918 ML6.8
circle :ML 3-4;
Square: ML 4-5;
Color depending on the depth

Phase 2: 0918ML6.4 -> 0919
ML5.9

0919ML5.9
0917ML6.4

0918ML6.8(↑Video from Chih-Wei Chang,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ea2pmS6E2aM)

The aftershocks of 0918ML6.8 occurredalong the longitudinal valley to thenortheast, and a larger aftershock occurredon the north side on September 19.
11Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Aftershock(Video)

Earthquake catalog from CWB. Video made by Chih-Wei Chang(NCREE)

1

13

NCREE Real-time Earthquake
Information Display Platform
0.3s Sa

Guanshan Eqk. 0917ML6.4

FULBHWA037 Integrate the real-timeobservation records of the CWB,
the NCREE, and the groundmotion parameters estimated by
the advanced ground motion
prediction model to display theground motion information inreal time.

PGA

1.0s Sa
0.3 sec. Spectra Acc. (gal)

TTN045
Peak Ground Acceleration (gal)
1.0 sec. Spectra Acc. (gal)Pulse-Like Ground Motion

Guanshan Eqk. 0917ML6.4

Chihshang Station
Tp=1.26s

Tp=3.85s

Luye Station

Tp=3.57s

Tp=2.39s
PGV=118cm/s

14

Observed Data and Design Spectra
Guanshan Eqk. 0917ML6.4
Fuli Station

Luye Station

Chihshang Station

15

16

NCREE Real-time Earthquake
Information Display Platform
0.3s Sa

Chihshang Eqk. 0918ML6.8

HWA037PGA

0.3 sec. Spectra Acc. (gal)1.0s Sa
HWA037

Peak Ground Acceleration (gal)

1.0 sec. Spectra Acc. (gal)16

Pulse-Like Ground Motion

Chihshang Eqk. 0918ML6.8
Yuli Station

Tp=4.4s
Tp=1.95s
PGV=124cm/s
South of the Gaoliao
bridge about 4.6km

Chihshang Station

Tp=1.8s

PGV 89cm/s

North of the damaged building(Yuli 7-Eleven CVS) about 1.4km.

Tp=1.65s

South of the Luntian
bridge about 5.5km
17Observed Data and Design Spectra
Chihshang Eqk. 0918ML6.8
Yuli Station

Chihshang Station

Fuli Station18

Outline of Disaster Investigation Report◆ Ground Motion Characteristics◆ Damage of Buildings◆ Damage of Bridges◆ Geotechnical Damage◆ Damage of Nonstructural Components and Nonbuilding Structures◆ Information for Earthquake Early Warning, Structural Monitoring
and Control
19

Earthquake records measured by Yuli Station
PGA (Z Max)

Vertical max. acceleration：476 gal
PGA (NS, EW Max)

Horizontal max. acceleration：500 gal

Max. horizontal acceleration：500 gal
Spectral acceleration exceeds the MCE level in the shortperiod range)
202022.09.20 (Tue.) Earthquake Reconn. Itinerary
9/20 (Hualien)
•
•
•
•

•

Convenience Store (7-11)
in Yuli Township （C）
Songpu Church （D）
Song-Pu & Wan-Li
communities (E)Chun-Rih elementary school（G）
Tianxuan Church （H）

21

Itinerary⚫ 9/20 (Hualien)➢ Convenience Store (7-11) in Yuli

Township➢ Song-Pu elementary school➢ Songpu Church➢ Chun-Rih elementary school➢ Tianxuan Church

22GPS : (23.335610260597747, 121.3141130677523)

Convenience Store (7-11) in Yuli TownshipNo. 135, Sec. 2, Zhongshan Rd., Yuli Township, Hualien County➢ Reinforced Concrete (RC) Structure➢ 1F for commercial use, 2F~4F for Residential➢ 1F~3F Build in 1994 (RC Structure).
➢ The Roof (4F) Build in 1996 (Brick Structure)23

GPS : (23.335610260597747, 121.3141130677523)

Yuli 7-11 convenience store
Collapse along the transverse direction

After the Earthquake
Retrieved from news media
24

GPS : (23.335760357922272, 121.31400648127511)

Telecom Company (中華電信)
No. 137, Sec. 2, Zhongshan Rd., Yuli Township, Hualien County

25

GPS : (23.4525771906309, 121.39301882730187)

Chun-Rih Elementary School (春日國小)No. 95, Tailin, Yuli Township, Hualien County

26

GPS : (23.4525771906309, 121.39301882730187)

Chun-Rih Elementary School (春日國小)No. 95, Tailin, Yuli Township, Hualien County

27

GPS : (23.4525771906309, 121.39301882730187)

Chun-Rih Elementary School (春日國小)No. 95, Tailin, Yuli Township, Hualien County

28

29

⚫ Partition Wall Cracking

30⚫ Exterior Wall with Windows Cracking

31GPS : (23.428664316759765, 121.37356820010618)

Songpu Elementary School (松浦國小)No. 212, Neighborhood 12, Yuli Township, Hualien County⚫ Ground Uplift32GPS : (23.431902458405215, 121.37404963477468)

Songpu Church (松浦天主堂)
No. 174, Songpu, Yuli Township, Hualien County⚫ Ground Uplift about 20 cm⚫ Crack Length about 7 m⚫ Exterior Wall Sloping

33

GPS : (23.4283788620705, 121.37321414874656)

Residential in Songpu (松浦167號)
No. 167, Songpu, Yuli Township, Hualien County⚫ Ground Uplift, and Slope about 2°~14°⚫ Wall Sloping (about 2°)34

Residential in Songpu (松浦140號)
No. 140, Songpu, Yuli Township, Hualien County⚫
⚫

Ground Uplift, Cracking, and Slope about 2°
Brick Wall Collapsed

35

Residential in Songpu (松浦141號)
No. 141, Songpu, Yuli Township, Hualien County⚫ Ground Uplift⚫ Brick Wall Collapsed⚫ Plastic Hinge in Column⚫ Rebar rusted

36

Residential in Songpu (松浦172號)
No. 172, Songpu, Yuli Township, Hualien County⚫ Ground Uplift⚫ Brick Wall Sloped about 8°37

GPS : (23.428728615239386, 121.37386532545382)

Residential in Fuyin Community (萬麗143號)
No. 143, Wanli, Yuli Township, Hualien County⚫
⚫

1F for commercial use, 2F for Residential
Exterior Cracking, Brick Wall Collapsed38

Residential in Fuyin Community (萬麗145號)No. 145, Wanli, Yuli Township, Hualien County⚫ Wood Structure⚫ Ground Uplift

39

Residential in Fuyin Community (萬麗148號)
No. 148, Wanli, Yuli Township, Hualien County⚫ The uplift of the ground raises the structure about 5 cm

40

Residential in Fuyin Community (萬麗112號)No. 112, Wanli, Yuli Township, Hualien County⚫ Ground Uplift and Cracking⚫ Water Pipe Breakage

41

Residential in Fuyin Community (萬麗108號)No. 108, Wanli, Yuli Township, Hualien County⚫

Column and Wall Collapsed (Rebar for Column is #3)

42

GPS : (23.452942977341934, 121.39477133465485)

Tianxuan Church (天宣道院)
No. 107, Yuli Township, Hualien County⚫

⚫ Longitudinal Rebar is #8⚫ Transverse Rebar is #3

The First Floor Column Runs Through The Slab(Punching Shear)⚫ Spacing of Stirrup is 25 cm⚫ Width of Column is 50 cm 43

GPS : (23.097787509134697, 121.2188260768424)

Wanan Elementary School (萬安國小)No. 36, Chihshang Township, Taitung County

Ground Uplift

Concrete Spalling

二樓驗票口前天花板掉落

Ground Cracking
44GPS : (23.315711214952866, 121.45235635031123)

Zhangbin Elementary School (長濱國小)
No. 11, Changbin, Changbin Township, Taitung County

Flexural Cracking
in Beam

Surface Layer
Cracking in Beam

45

Outline of Disaster Investigation Report◆ Ground Motion Characteristics◆ Damage of Buildings◆ Damage of Bridges◆ Geotechnical Damage◆ Damage of Nonstructural Components and Nonbuilding Structures◆ Information for Earthquake Early Warning, Structural Monitoring
and Control
46

Members of Reconnaissance Team47

2022/9/19 (MON)Taitung Airport
Baohua Bridge
Dianguang Bridge
Luntian Bridge

Changfu Bridge48

2022/9/20 (TUE)
Gaoliao Bridge
Yuli Bridge
Yuli (7-Eleven)
Ruisui Bridge
Chunrih Elementary
School
Tianxuan Temple

49

Location of damaged bridges
7. Ruisui Bridge

6. Gaoliao Bridge

5. Yuli Bridge
4. Changfu Bridge

3. Luntian Bridge

2. Dianguang Bridge
1. Baohua Bridge50

1. Baohua Bridge(1/2)
Construct Year

1984/4 (39y)Length680m

Structure Type

Plate girder bridge

Driving direction
Seismic wave

PGA (Z Max)PGA (NS, EW Max)

51

51

1. Baohua Bridge(2/2)

large displacement at expansion joint, support serious damage

Deck displacement, guardrail and attached pipe broken

52

2. Dianguang Bridge
Construct Year

1988/11 (34y)Length720m

Structure Type

Plate girder bridge
Seismic wave
Driving direction

PGA (Z Max)PGA (NS, EW Max)

Guardrail damage53

3. Luntian Bridge(1/3)
Construct Year

1982/6 (41y)Length450m

Structure Type

Plate girder bridge

Driving direction
Seismic wave

PGA (Z Max)PGA (NS, EW Max)

54

54

3. Luntian Bridge(2/3)

Bridge falling and large residual displacement55

3. Luntian Bridge(3/3)

Bridge falling and bridge column fracture56

4. Changfu Bridge
Construct Year

1997/11 (25y)Length450m

Structure Type

Plate girder bridge
Seismic wave

PGA (Z Max)PGA (NS, EW Max)

Driving direction

Large displacement at expansion joint

57

5. Yuli Bridge
Construct Year

1977(North)、1994(South)

Length575m

Structure Type

Girder bridge
Seismic wave

PGA (Z Max)

Driving direction
PGA (NS, EW Max)

Damage at expansion joint58

6. Gaoliao Bridge(1/4)
Construct Year1991 (32y)Length879.1m

Structure TypePCI girder bridge

PGA (Z Max)

Original
PGA (NS, EW Max)

Driving direction
Seismic wave

https://udn.com/news/story/7328/6622964

Broken59

6. Gaoliao Bridge(2/4)

On bridge sideOff
bridgeside

East Abutment：pavement and retaining wall collapse

60

6. Gaoliao Bridge(3/4)

Upstream
direction

Column and Base：Collapse、Fracture61

6. Gaoliao Bridge(4/4)

Bridge falling

PCI girder
Superstructure：Bridge falling, collapse

Shear key62

7. Ruisui Bridge
Construct Year

1975(North)、1990(South)

Length700m

Structure Type

Girder bridge

Driving direction
Seismic wave

PGA (Z Max)PGA (NS, EW Max)pavement, guardrail slight damage

63

63

Outline of Disaster Investigation Report◆ Ground Motion Characteristics◆ Damage of Buildings◆ Damage of Bridges◆ Geotechnical Damage◆ Damage of Nonstructural Components and Nonbuilding Structures◆ Information for Earthquake Early Warning, Structural Monitoring
and Control
64

Itinerary⚫ 9/19 (Hualien)➢ Chun-Rih Elementary School➢ Song-Pu Elementary School➢ Gao-Liao Bridge (East side)➢ Sixty Stone Mountain➢ Gao-Liao Bridge (West side)⚫ 9/20 (Taitung)➢ Southern Cross-Island
Highway (141K+500, 164K,
174K, 192K, 191K, 195K)➢ Fu-Li65

Location coordinates of 9/19
Date

Location

Focus

Coordinates

Chun-Rih Elementary
SchoolBuilding, Foundation

23.452321, 121.392933

Song-Pu Elementary School

Building, Foundation

23.428478, 121.373582

Structure near the Song-Pu
Elementary School

Building, Foundation

23.428064, 121.373257

Gao-Liao Bridge (East side)

Bridge, Foundation

23.384818, 121.348445

Slop, Landslide,
Geology

23.219629, 121.299467
23.215441, 121.301890
23.215177, 121.302079
23.214465, 121.303679
23.214369, 121.302778
23.219573, 121.300230
23.218935, 121.300123
23.219659, 121.300083

Dong-Li Station

Building, Foundation,
Railway

23.272492, 121.304144

Gao-Liao Bridge (West side)

Bridge, Foundation

23.385727, 121.337124

9/19

Sixty Stone Mountain66

Location coordinates of 9/20
Date

9/20

Location

Focus

Coordinates

Southern Cross-Island Highway

Slop, Landslide,
Geology23.132383,121.134640
23.177604,121.024732
23.266750,120.952960
23.138576,121.106105
23.135566,121.130808
23.135134,121.131437
23.134602,121.131717
23.134324,121.132225
23.133864,121.132833
23.133276,121.133574
23.132732,121.134341
23.132370,121.135324
23.132174,121.136219

Fu-Li

Soil Liquefaction

23.206597,121.272588

67

Chun-Rih Elementary School⚫ The building did not collapse when the ML6.4 earthquake

occurred on 9/17.
⚫ The ML6.8 earthquake on 9/18 caused the collapse of theconnecting corridor, and the entire wall was tilted.
⚫ There are many cracks in the kindergarten classrooms, toilets,
and kitchens adjacent to the collapsed corridor.

68

Song-Pu Elementary School⚫ The buildings and roads opposite to the elementary school

were pushed towards Song-Pu elementary school, and thepushing direction was from southeast to northwest.
⚫ Opposite to the elementary school, the concrete floor was
squeezed and raised by about 40 cm.

69Gao-Liao Bridge (East side)⚫ Abutment damage camber, bridge deck subsidence.
⚫ The water pipeline is damaged resulting in water service

outage to the downstream residents.
⚫ Retaining wall is without reinforcements.

50cm

Gao-Liao Bridge (East side)⚫ Soil loss due to the collapse of the second retaining wall on

the east entrance of the bridge.
⚫ The retaining walls were pushed out by the earthquake(mainly pushed toward north).
⚫ The maximum subsidence of the subgrade elevation of theentry wall is about 1 meter.

71

Gao-Liao Bridge (East side)⚫ Compared with the south and north retaining walls on theoutside of the culvert under the abutment, there is an
inward shrinkage.
⚫ The difference between the south retaining wall and theculvert is about 15 cm. The difference between the northretaining wall and the culvert is about 45 cm.
45cm

南側擋土牆

北側擋土牆
72

Gao-Liao Bridge (East side)⚫ Three piers from the east abutment were completely destroyed.
➢ The first pier is located at the border of the bridge deck and iscovered with steel plates. The pier is completely collapsed, butthere is no obvious structural damage.
➢ The second pier was located in the middle of the deck and wasdamaged by shear force.
➢ The third pier was not clad with steel plates, and the damage wassimilar to the first pier.

73

Gao-Liao Bridge (West side)⚫ The spacing between the main rebar is about 13-20cm.
⚫ Stirrup spacing is about 12-15cm.
⚫ Caisson foundation under the pier.

74

Sixty Stone Mountain⚫ The mountain road is damaged by many rock falls andthere are signs of continuity of such.
⚫ It is estimated that the largest area may be 100 meters longand 30 meters wide, and the largest diameter of the rockblock may be up to 5 meters.

75

Dong-Li Train Station⚫ The roof of the train station

platform fell and the train derailed.
⚫ The railway is seriously deformed.
⚫ The base unit carrying the ballast is
separated, resulting in the loss ofballast.
Railway deformed76

Southern Cross-Island Highway
Landslide77

Southern Cross-Island Highway⚫ The rockfall materials can be roughly categorized into

rocks (metamorphic sandstone, schist) and river grade
gravel.

141K+500

195K
78

Fu-Li⚫ A suspected liquefaction phenomenon found in Fu-Li.
⚫ No building damage due to soil liquefaction was observed.

79

Outline of Disaster Investigation Report◆ Ground Motion Characteristics◆ Damage of Buildings◆ Damage of Bridges◆ Geotechnical Damage◆ Damage of Nonstructural Components and Nonbuilding Structures◆ Information for Earthquake Early Warning, Structural Monitoring
and Control
80

Earthquake Reconnaissance Locations
Nonstructural Components and Equipment

Nonbuilding Structures
17 Sep.

Hospital

Rice millIntensity
Level 6 Upper(6+)
Kuanshan Tzu Chi
Hospital(關山慈濟醫院)Taitung Hospital
Chenggong Branch(台東醫院成功分院)

Taitung Christian Hospital(台東基督教醫院)

Shopping mallDream mall(高雄夢時代)

Hou-Hu Columbarium Pagoda(鹿野后湖納骨塔)

Taoyuan City Bade Civil Sports Center(八德運動中心)

Guan-Shan township Farmers‘ association rice mill(關山鎮農會碾米加工廠)

Xin-Qian-Kun rice mill(關山新乾坤碾米廠)

IKEA Hsin Chuang Store(新莊IKEA)

Gravel factory
Lei-Xin ready mixed plant(玉里磊信水泥廠)

18 Sep.
Intensity
Level 6 Upper(6+)

Hao-Ye ready mixed plant(池上灝業採石場)

Zhi-Sheng ready mixed plant(關山志昇預拌廠)
Sand and gravel tank

Cement tank81

81

Reconnaissance Route (East Taiwan)A

Zhi-Sheng ready mixed plant,
Guan-Shan township, Taitung

關山/志昇預拌混凝土廠

A

Hou-Hu Columbarium Pagoda,
Lu-Ye township, Taitung

鹿野/后湖納骨塔

B

Xin-Qian-Kun rice mill,
Guan-Shan township, Taitung

關山/新乾坤碾米廠B

Lei-Xin ready mixed plant,
Yu-Li township, Hua-Lien

玉里/磊信混凝土預拌廠

C

Farmers' association rice mill,
Guan-Shan township, Taitung

關山/農會碾米加工廠

C

Nian-Chang rice mill ,Yu-Li township, Hua-Lien

玉里/年昌碾米廠

D

Hao-Ye ready mixed plant,
ChihShang township, Taitung

池上/灝業採石場

D

Xie-Tian Temple,
Yu-Li township, Hua-Lien

玉里/協天宮E

Kuanshan Tzu Chi Hospital,
Guan-Shan township, Taitung關山/慈濟醫院

E

Taitung Christian Hospital,
Taitung

台東/基督教醫院

19 Sep.

20 Sep.

Yuli Fault

BC
D

Chihshang Fault

ChihShang Earthquake

Guan-Shan Earthquake

Guan-Shan Earthquake
D
B

A
E
C

A

Chihshang Fault
Luyeh Fault

Lichi Fault
E82

Nonstructural Components and Equipment[Hospital]

Taitung Christian Hospital (台東基督教醫院),
Taitung County⚫ RO water system was damaged
in Guan-Shan Earthquake (17RO water filters are girdled and fixed bymetal rings(No damage to filters and connected pipes)

Sep.)
Comparing to the freestanding RO water filters in
Taitung Hospital Chenggong Branch, the connection
pipe was damaged during 0323, 2022 Hualien
Earthquake.

Connection pipe damage(It is speculated that the filters are inconsistent withmovement of adjacent motors)

RO water filters are girdled andfixed by metal rings(Connection pipe damage)83

Nonstructural Components and Equipment[Hospital]

Taitung Christian Hospital (台東基督教醫院),
Taitung County
Freestanding RO water tank(without any anchorage)
Originally, the two ends marked with green circles
were connected to each other with a pipe. After
earthquake, the pipe was broken and a transparent
hose connection was temporarily used to keep its
functionality.

Without anchorage

Drainage ditch
84

Nonstructural Components and Equipment[Department store]

Kaohsiung/Dream Mall
Relative displacement of expansion joint occurred on
the 5th floor

Relative displacement of expansion joint occurred on
the 8th floor

Relative displacement of expansion joint occurred on
the 9th floor

Expansion Joint
85

Nonstructural Components and Equipment[Department store]

Kaohsiung/Dream Mall
Architectural Component：interior veneer and ornamentations
Damage to the interior veneer and ornamentations wasinvestigated due to the relative displacement of expansion
joint on 5th, 8th and 9th floor.

9F

5F

8F

8F

86

Nonstructural Components and Equipment[Department store]

Kaohsiung/Dream Mall
Architectural Component：Suspended Ceilings⚫ The boundary, an unbraced gypsum board, on the side of the ceiling is adjacent to the expansion
joint, which was damaged during the earthquake.
⚫ Damage to the unbraced gypsum panel led to fallen ceiling panels and deformed ceiling runners.
⚫ Rods are used as the suspension system. The suspension length of the ceiling is approximately
2.5 m to 3.0 m.

87

Nonstructural Components and Equipment[Columbarium pagoda]

Hou-Hu (后湖) Columbarium Pagoda
Lu-Ye township, Taitung County
Ossuary cabinets in 1st to
3rd floor are collapsed

14 km away from
epicenter

Water tank of outdoor public
toilet fell from the roof88

Nonstructural Components and Equipment[Columbarium pagoda]

Hou-Hu (后湖) Columbarium Pagoda
Lu-Ye township, Taitung County
Nonstructural Component：Contents⚫ On the first floor, one of the ossuary cabinets, notattached to any other structural components, wascollapsed westward.
⚫ No anchorage observed at the bottom of the cabinet.
⚫ The steel wires connecting to the top of the cabinet
and the above slab failed during Guan-Shan
Earthquake.

E

W

Failedrope clip

Undamagedrope clip

Concrete base89

89

Nonstructural Components and Equipment[Columbarium pagoda]

Hou-Hu (后湖) Columbarium Pagoda
Lu-Ye township, Taitung County⚫ On the second floor, one of the ossuary cabinets, which
was not attached to any other structural components,
was collapsed westward.
Photo provided by Lu-ye⚫ The bottom steel supporting frame secured to thefloor by thin L-shaped sheet metals and plastic nylon
anchors failed.
⚫ The steel wires connecting the above slab and the top of
the cabinet failed.

township office

Doors opened andthe urns dropped⚫ Doors opened and the urns dropped.

Broken wire

Failed L-shaped
iron sheet weldedto the above slab

Thin L-shaped sheet
metals and plastic
nylon anchors

90

90

Nonstructural Components and Equipment[Columbarium pagoda]

Hou-Hu (后湖) Columbarium Pagoda
Lu-Ye township, Taitung County⚫ The cabinets on the third floor were built recently.
⚫ One of the ossuary cabinets, which was not attached to any
other structure components, was collapsed eastward.
⚫ Failure of the hook of a turnbuckle was observed. This
may lead to the failure of the cable system above thecabinet.
⚫ Aluminum skeletons with cross section behind thecabinet ruptured from the aluminum bottom plate, which
was supposed to be fixed on the floor.

Turnbuckle
failedWelding between
skeletons and bottom
plates ruptured

Raised Bottom plates
91Nonstructural Components and Equipment[Sports center]Taoyuan/Bade (八德) Civil Sports Center

1

2

1
2

The ceiling was completely collapsed
during the ChihShang Earthquake

92

Nonstructural Components and Equipment[Sports center]Taoyuan/Bade (八德) Civil Sports CenterC

Suspension Post

B

A
Suspension Post

Carrying Channel
Main RunnerD

Main RunnerC
E-E Sectional View
Main Runner

The suspension posts are
fixed to the roof
corrugated sheet throughthe L-shaped fasteners
by using self-tapping
screws.

Suspension Post

A
Carrying Channel

DE

Connection
between Panel andMain Runner

B

E
Ceiling Structure

Main Runner93Nonbuilding Structures [Rice mill]

Xin-Qian-Kun (新乾坤) rice mill
Guan-Shan township, Taitung County

S

W

W

S

The failure of the supporting frame underneath the tanks led to the graintanks collapsed toward southwest in 9/17 event.

South side of the tanks
94Nonbuilding Structures [Rice mill]

Xin-Qian-Kun (新乾坤) rice mill
Guan-Shan township, Taitung County

Outer beam
Inner beams failed

Inner beam

Teared web
BuckledH-beam••The inner beams were secured on a tiny steel
plate, which were simply welded to the outer
beam, with 4 bolts.
The welding strength was not sufficient, and thebeams fell during the earthquake.

••

Some of the bolts used to secure the columns andbeams were sheared.
The lower beams were just placed on the floor
without any anchorage.
95

Nonbuilding Structures [Gravel factory]

Zhi-Sheng (志昇) ready mixed plant
Guan-Shan township, Taitung County
Before earthquake (from Google map)
N

Cement tank

Sand and gravel tank

⚫ Storage tanks of gravel and cement collapsed.
Sand and gravel tank

Cement tankN
N
96

Nonbuilding Structures [Gravel factory]

97

Zhi-Sheng (志昇) ready mixed plant
Guan-Shan township, Taitung County
Supporting frame

Sand and gravel tank
⚫ The tank was supported by asteel frame, and there were
12 steel posts underneath it.
⚫ The bolts pulled off due tothe tensile force.
⚫ The posts ruptured at thewelding spots.

Tank
DeformedplateInterface between tankand supporting frame

Broken post

The tank separated fromthe supporting frame

Tank deformed and broken

Conveyor belt was
damaged97

Nonbuilding Structures [Gravel factory]

Zhi-Sheng (志昇) ready mixed plant
Guan-Shan township, Taitung County
Cement tank
⚫ One of the cement tanks collapsed in the Guan-Shan
Earthquake. Shear failure of bolts of another tankoccurred as well.
⚫ The tank was emergency repaired by welding andsurvived in ChihShang Earthquake.

Failed connections in Chuan-Shanearthquake were repaired.

Cement tank collapsed

Ruptured neatly
at welding spots

Emergency
repaired bywelding98Outline of Disaster Investigation Report◆ Ground Motion Characteristics◆ Damage of Buildings◆ Damage of Bridges◆ Geotechnical Damage◆ Damage of Nonstructural Components and Nonbuilding Structures◆ Information for Earthquake Early Warning, Structural Monitoring
and Control
99

Intensity Maps of Two Earthquakes
No. 086

No. 1112022/09/17 21:41
ML 6.4
O: Velocity Pulse

2022/09/18 14:44
ML 6.8
O: Velocity Pulse

100

NCREE EEWS Trigger and Alarm
No. 086

No. 1112022/09/17 21:41
ML 6.42022/09/18 14:44
ML 6.8Grey: no Trigger
Blue: Trigger without Alarm
Red: Trigger and Alarm ( I >4 )Grey: no Trigger
Blue: Trigger without Alarm
Red: Trigger and Alarm ( I >4 )101

NCREE EEWS Predicted and Measured PGA

2022/09/17 21:41
ML 6.42022/09/18 14:44
ML 6.8(CWB-Old)(CWB-Old)

No. 086

No. 111102

2022/09/17 21:41 ML 6.4
Predicted Intensities (CWB-Old)

Measured Intensities (CWB-Old)

No. 086

No. 0862022/09/17 21:41
ML 6.42022/09/17 21:41
ML 6.4103

2022/09/18 14:44 ML 6.8
Predicted Intensities (CWB-Old)

Measured Intensities (CWB-Old)

No. 111

No. 1112022/09/18 14:44
ML 6.82022/09/18 14:44
ML 6.8104

NCREE EEWS Advanced Warning Time
預警時間
No.
086
2022/09/17 21:41
ML 6.4

Time (sec)

預警時間
No. 111

Time (sec)2022/09/18 14:44
ML 6.8105

NCREE Building Seismic Array TSMOD
Taiwan Structural Monitoring Data Hub http://bas.ncree.org/

No. 086

No. 111

Hualien Tzu
Chi Hospital

Taitung Hospital andFire Department

Red: Trigger and Return
Grey: Others

Red: Trigger and Return
Grey: Others106Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital

Photo is from internet

Completed in 2005.02
107

Hualien Tzu Chi HospitalBase Isolation System
B2~1F SRC Structure，1F ~ 11F RC Structure
Use Seismic Design Specifications and Commentary of Buildings in 1997

50.2m

Z = 0.33 g
Teff = 2.76 sec
ξeff = 28 %DD = 0.24 cm
DT = 0.29 cm

Base Isolation

86.3 m56.9 m108

Strong Motion Instrument

Foundation
CH1~CH26 : AccelerometerCH27~CH30: Displacement meter
109

Strong Motion Instrument
Base Isolation
Floor

CH1~CH26 : AccelerometerCH27~CH30: Displacement meter1102022/09/17 21:41 Accelerations of CH1~CH3
No. 0862022/09/17 21:41
ML 6.4111

2022/09/17 21:41 Acceleration of Others
No. 0862022/09/17 21:41
ML 6.4112

2022/09/18 14:44 Accelerations of CH1~CH3
No. 1112022/09/18 14:44
ML 6.8113

2022/09/18 14:44 Acceleration of Others
No. 1112022/09/18 14:44
ML 6.8114

Maximum Acceleration of Each Floor
No. 086

No. 111
unit: gal

unit: galHorizontal acceleration ratios are significantly lower for 09/18 earthquake.
115

Subspace Identification Results
No. 086

No. 1112022/09/17 ML 6.4

2022/09/18 ML 6.8

CHinput=[1;2]
CHoutput=[7;8;13;14;17;18;21;22]

No significant variation of fundamental period
Base isolation remained elastic stage

Damping
Ratios (%)

CHinput=[1;2]
CHoutput=[7;8;13;14;17;18;21;22]

Significant variation of fundamental period
Damping ratios increase
Base isolation went through inelastic stage
116

Future WorkNCREE will continue to collaborate with local and central
governments, the engineering industry and the academic
community to investigate the severely impacted area and to
study and propose measures for improvement, aiming to
reduce losses induced by future earthquakes.

117

The End

118