English

2020

Gavin Newsom, Governor
State of California
David S. Kim, Secretary~ ~YoulD@)fffl@•• California State Transportation Agency
This handbook is available at
dmv.ca.gov.

Steven Gordon, Director
California Department of Motor Vehicles

THIS PAGE LEFTINTENTIONALLY BLANK•
fj
Dear fellow Californian,
We have more licensed drivers and registered vehicles than any otherstate. That means California’s roads pose unique challenges for drivers,
cyclists and pedestrians. But when we follow the rules of the road anddrive with safety in mind at all times, everyone benefits.
That is why this California Driver Handbook is so important. Withinthese pages – and online at DMV.ca.gov – you will find information
and advice to safely travel the roads of our great state. Whether you area young driver going over this material for the first time or refreshingyour knowledge after years of on-the-road experience, I hope you find thecontents informative, helpful, and practical.
Yes, California’s traveling environment poses unique challenges – fromthe coasts to the mountains and everywhere in between. While we may
encounter varying conditions as we move throughout the state, the laws
on how to reach our destination safely do not.
Please be safe when you’re behind the wheel and remember to put away
your smartphone while driving.
Sincerely,>j/ju-if
DAV I D S. K I MSecretary
California State Transportation Agency–i–THIS PAGE LEFTINTENTIONALLY BLANK– ii –TABLE OF CONTENTS

NEW 2020 LAWS..................................VIDMV INFORMATION ............................. VIII
Where to Write ......................................ix
GENERAL INFORMATION....................... 1
Disclaimer ............................................. 1
DMV’s Function and Vision................... 1
Accurate Identification .......................... 1
Basic Information .................................. 2

THE CALIFORNIA DRIVER LICENSE .... 2
Who Must Have a Driver License? ....... 2
California Residents.......................... 2
California Resident Military
Personnel (U.S. Armed Forces) ....... 2
Nonresident Military Personnel
Stationed in California....................... 3
New California Residents ................. 3
Adults Visiting California................... 3
Safety for the Aging Driver................ 3
OBTAINING A DRIVER LICENSE ........... 4
REAL ID Act.......................................... 5
How the REAL ID Act Impacts
Californians ....................................... 5
Do I Need a REAL ID? ..................... 5
How Do I Prepare to Apply for a
REAL ID Card?................................. 5
Married, Divorced, or Name
Change?............................................ 6
Application Requirements for a BasicClass C Driver License ......................... 6
Adults’ Permit Requirements ................ 7
Adults’ Driver License Requirements ... 8
DRIVER LICENSE CLASSES .................. 9
THE EXAMINATION PROCESS .............10
Where to Take the Tests.....................10
DMV Examinations ............................11
Cheating............................................12
SPECIAL SECTION – MINORS............ 12
Minors’ Permit Requirements .............12
Minors’ Permit Restrictions.................13
Minors’ Driver License
Requirements ....................................13
Exceptions – Minors’ Driver License
Restrictions........................................14
Out-Of-State Minors ..........................15
Out-Of-State Minors’ Permit...........15
Out-Of-State Minors’ Driver
License..........................................15

Actions Against the Provisional Driver
License..............................................15
Keeping Your Provisional Driver
License..........................................16
Minors and Cell Phones .....................16
MISCELLANEOUS LICENSINGINFORMATION.....................................17
To Replace a Lost/Stolen or Damaged
Driver License....................................17
Name Changes..................................17
Gender Category Changes ................17
Driver License Renewals....................18
Renewal by Mail or Internet................18
Driver License Extension ...................18
Driver License in Your Possession .... 20
Address Changes ............................. 20
Vision ............................................... 20
Medical Information Card .................. 20
Organ and Tissue Donation ...............21
Veteran Designation and Benefit
Information ........................................21
How Can I Get Veterans
Designation?..................................21
Register To Vote ............................... 22
Unlicensed Drivers............................ 22
Diplomatic Driver Licenses................ 22
Identification (ID) Cards .................... 22
No-Fee ID Cards .............................. 23
Identification (ID) Card Renewal by
Mail or Internet.................................. 23
Driving Schools................................. 23
Mature Driver Program.......................24
Pedestrian Responsibilities ................24
New Technology ................................25
OCCUPANT PROTECTION.................. 26
Seat Belts......................................... 26Child Restraint System and Safety
Seats................................................ 26
Riding Safely with Air Bags ................27
Unattended Children in Motor
Vehicles.............................................28
Distracted Driving ..............................28
Hot Weather Risks .............................28
TRAFFIC CONTROLS ......................... 29
Traffic Signal Lights .......................... 29
Pedestrian Signal Lights ................... 30
Traffic Signs.......................................31– iii –

LAWS AND RULES OF THE ROAD ..... 34
Right-of-Way Rules........................... 34
General Information ...................... 34
Pedestrians................................... 34
Crosswalks ................................... 35
Intersections ................................. 35
Roundabouts ................................ 36
On Mountain Roads .......................37
Speed Limits......................................37
Reduced Speeds ...........................37
VISUAL SEARCH................................ 42
Scanning ...........................................42
Know What Is Ahead......................42
Know What Is at Your Side............ 43
Know What Is Behind You............. 44
How Well Can You Stop? .................. 45
LANE CONTROL................................. 46
Line Colors ....................................... 46
Choosing a Lane..................................47
Changing Lanes.................................47
Passing Lanes ...................................47
Carpool/High-Occupancy Vehicles(HOV) Lanes .................................... 48
Center Left Turn Lanes ..................... 48
Turnout Areas and Lanes.................. 49
End-of-Lane Markings ...................... 49
Yield Lines........................................ 49
Bicycle Lanes ................................... 49
TURNS................................................ 50
Examples of Right and Left Turns.......52
Legal U-Turns ................................... 53
Illegal U-Turns................................... 56
PARKING ............................................ 56
Parking on a Hill................................ 56
Parallel Parking..................................57
Parking at Colored Curbs.................. 58
Illegal Parking ................................... 59
Special Parking Rules....................... 60
SAFE DRIVING PRACTICES............... 60
Signaling .......................................... 60
Steering.............................................61
Hand Position ................................61
Controlling the Vehicle ...................61
Horn, Headlights, and Emergency
Signals ............................................. 62
Use Your Horn .............................. 62
Do Not Use Your Horn .................. 62

Use Your Headlights ..................... 63
Use Your Emergency Signals ........ 63
Text Messaging and Cell Phones ...... 64
VEHICLE POSITIONING ..................... 66
Following Distances.......................... 66
Persons Who Present Dangers toDrivers.......................................... 66
Splitting the Difference...................67
Space to Merge .............................67
Space to Cross or Enter .................67
Space to Exit ................................ 68
Passing ............................................ 68
When Approaching to Pass ........... 68
Returning to a Lane After
Passing......................................... 69
Being Passed................................ 69
SHARING THE ROAD ......................... 70
Large Trucks (Big Rigs) andRecreational Vehicles (RVs) ...............70
Braking ..........................................70
Trucker’s Blind Spots—the“No Zone” ......................................70
Turning ..........................................70
Maneuverability..............................72
Buses, Streetcars, and Trolleys ..........72
Light-Rail Vehicles .............................73
Emergency Vehicles ..........................74
Slow-Moving Vehicles........................74
Neighborhood Electric Vehicles (NEV)and Low-Speed Vehicles (LSV)..........75
Animal-Drawn Vehicles......................75
Motorcycles .......................................75
Bicycles .............................................76
Bicycles in Travel Lanes ................ 77
Pedestrians Who Are Blind ............... 80
Road Workers and Work Zones(Cone Zones).................................... 82
Double Fine Zones............................ 82
Move Over and Slow Down ............... 82
Vehicles with Hazardous Loads......... 83
Dealing with Traffic Congestion......... 83
Dealing with Aggressive Drivers andRoad Rage ....................................... 83
SPECIAL DRIVING SITUATIONS ........ 84
Keep Your Car Visible ....................... 84
What is the Road Condition............... 84
Curves.............................................. 85
Traffic Speeds .................................. 85– iv –

Driving Hazards ................................ 85
Water on the Road ........................ 85
Slippery Roads ............................. 85
High Winds ................................... 86
Driving in Fog or Heavy Smoke ..... 86
Driving With Sun Glare...................87
Driving in Darkness........................87
Driving in Rain or Snow................. 88
Flooded Roadways ........................... 88
Driving in Hill Country or Curves ... 89
Traffic Breaks................................ 89
Clean Windows and Mirrors .............. 89
Adjust Seat and Mirrors..................... 90
Tire Safety ........................................ 90
Green Driving ................................... 90
Other Dangers.................................. 92
What a Driver Should Do During an
Enforcement Stop ............................. 92
HANDLING EMERGENCIES................ 93
Mechanical Tips................................ 93
Skids on Slippery Surfaces ........... 93
Driving Off the Pavement .................. 94
Acceleration Skids ........................ 94
Locked Wheel Skids...................... 94
Accelerator Malfunction................. 95
Steering Wheel Locking Device..... 95
Collisions Are Not Accidents ............. 95
Causes of Collisions...................... 95
Involved in a Collision ................... 95
Reporting a Collision..................... 96
Safety Tips ........................................97
On the Freeway .............................97
On Railroad Tracks ....................... 98
DRIVER READINESS.......................... 98
Vision ............................................... 98
Hearing............................................. 98
Fatigued or Drowsy Driving ............... 99
Medications ...................................... 99
Health and Emotions......................... 99
Conditions Physicians Must Report . 100
ALCOHOL AND DRUGS.................... 100
Alcohol/Drugs and Driving Is
Dangerous...................................... 100
Use or Possession of Alcohol or
Cannabis Products in a Vehicle........101
Drivers Under 21 (Possession of
Alcohol) .......................................101
Drivers of All Ages ...........................101

Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
Limits...............................................102
Admin Per Se ..................................102
Under 21—Zero Tolerance for
Alcohol Use .................................103
Court DUI Convictions .....................103
Drivers 21 and Older—DUI Programs
and Restricted Driver Licenses........ 106
ADDITIONAL DRIVING
LAWS/RULES ................................... 106
Things You Must Not Do:................. 106
Things You Must Do:........................108
ADMINISTRATIVE ............................ 108
Financial Responsibility....................108
Insurance Requirements ..................108
Collisions on Your Record ................109
Collisions, Insurance, and Minors.....109
Getting a Ticket................................110
Evading a Peace Officer ..................110
Points on the Driver Record ............. 111
Traffic Violator School Convictions ... 111
Suspension or Revocation ............... 111
Record Confidentiality......................112
Vandalism/Graffiti—All Ages............112
Speed Contests/Reckless Driving ....112
Possessing Firearms .......................112
Vehicle Registration Requirements...112
California Vehicles .......................112
Out-of-State Vehicles...................113
Vehicle Theft Prevention Tips...........114
ONLINE DRIVER LICENSE FAST FACTS
AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS ..............115–v–

NEW 2020 LAWS
Effective January 1, 2020
SB 485 (Beall, Ch. 505, Stats. 2019)
This law repeals provisions that authorize or require courts to suspend,
revoke, or restrict a driver, or order the Department of Motor Vehicles(DMV) to delay licensure for a person convicted of prostitution or vandalism,a minor convicted of unlawful possession or use of a firearm, or offenses
related to possession, purchase, sale, or transport of controlled substances
involving the use of a vehicle. The law also prohibits courts from ordering
DMV to delay licensure, suspend, revoke, or restrict a person based upona conviction of minor’s possession/use of controlled substances or alcohol
for specified violations.

AB 2918 (Holden, Ch. 723, Stats. 2018)
This law requires the DMV to include information in the California
Driver Handbook regarding a person’s civil rights during a traffic stop,
including the right to file a complaint against a peace officer, as specified.
The following information was developed by the civil rights section of the
Department of Justice in consultation with DMV, the California Highway
Patrol, the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training, and civilrights organizations:Your Rights During an Enforcement Stop

If an officer asks your permission to do something, you have a right tosay no. However, if you say no and the officer says they are going to do it
anyway, you do not have a right to interfere with their actions. For example,
an officer may request to search part or all of your vehicle. You have a rightto decline that request, but the officer may have the legal authority to search
your vehicle anyway under certain circumstances. If you do not want theofficer to search your vehicle, you should clearly say that you do not give
your permission, but you do not have a right to resist or obstruct the officer
if they search your vehicle anyway.
The driver of a stopped vehicle must produce a driver license, proof of
insurance, and vehicle registration when stopped by law enforcement. If
a driver does not produce these documents, officers may conduct a limited
search for them. An officer may also request the names or identificationof passengers. Passengers can decline that request, but under somecircumstances the passengers may be required to identify themselves
anyway. If passengers do not want to produce their identification, theyshould clearly say so. Passengers should not interfere with the officer’s– vi –

duties in conducting the traffic stop, and if an officer demands identification,passengers should not interfere with the officer’s actions. During a trafficstop, an officer can legally require the driver and all passengers to exit orstay inside the vehicle–if you are told to exit the vehicle or stay inside, youmust do so.
In California, only federal law enforcement officers can ask you about
your immigration status. California law prohibits state and local officers
from asking drivers or passengers about their immigration status. If a
California law enforcement officer asks you about your immigration status,
you can decline to answer.
In general, the First Amendment protects the right of drivers andpassengers to record interactions with police in public spaces. If you arerecording, you should immediately make that clear. You do not have a rightto interfere with the officer’s lawful duties during the enforcement stop, andyou should not reach into concealed areas to retrieve your recording device
without the officer’s permission. If your recording is not interfering with theofficer’s ability to lawfully do their job, an officer cannot confiscate yourrecording device, delete the recording, or destroy the device just because you
are using it to record. In general, you also have the right to deny a request
to “unlock” a cellular phone or provide a password to it, though under somecircumstances–such as if you are on parole–you may have to give permission
in response to such requests. Finally, no government employee can retaliate
against you just because you recorded something in public.
Even if you believe your rights were violated, you should not engage
in physical resistance or violence against the officer. If an officer does
something that you believe violates your rights, you can voice your objection,
but you should not physically resist. Everyone has the right to be safe duringa traffic stop; your safety and the officer’s safety could be jeopardized if thesituation escalates with physical resistance or violence.
All members of the public have a right to file a complaint against any
peace officer or law enforcement agency, and it is against the law for any
government employee to retaliate against you for doing so. You can file
a complaint with any agency that employs the officer, whether a sheriff’s
office, police department, or any other law enforcement agency. You havea right to be free from discrimination based on your actual or perceived
race, sex, color, ethnicity, national origin, age, religion, gender identity
or expression, sexual orientation, mental or physical disability, medical
condition, or citizenship status. You also have other rights guaranteed by
the United States and California Constitutions, as well as California andfederal laws. When you file a complaint, the agency that employs the officer
must investigate the complaint. Links to contact information for California
law enforcement agencies can be found at: https://post.ca.gov/le-agencies.

– vii –

DMV INFORMATION

Some field offices may have extended hours and may be open on Saturdays,
and a few offer only driver license or identification (DL/ID) card or vehicle
registration services. Behind-the-wheel exams are not offered on Saturday.
To find out if your local field office has extended hours, or to find a field
office location and service options, visit dmv.ca.gov or call 1-800-777-0133.
Go online at dmv.ca.gov for (to):• Field office locations, hours, directions, phone numbers, and acceptable
forms of payment.
• Make appointments to visit a field office or take a driving test (except
for commercial driving tests).
• Complete the Electronic Driver License & ID Card Application(eDL 44).
• Change your address with DMV records.
• Order personalized plates.
• DL/ID card information (including REAL ID).
• Vehicle/vessel registration information.
• Downloadable forms.
• Publications—handbooks, brochures, and sample tests.
• Senior driver information.
• Teen driver information.
• Links to other state and federal agencies.
• Ask DMV’s Chatbot “Miles” DMV related questions.
• Renew your DL or vehicle registration.
• Order replacement vehicle registration card or sticker.
• Self-service kiosk (DMV Now Kiosks) locations and acceptable formsof payment.
Call 1-800-777-0133 during normal business hours to:• Obtain/request DL and vehicle registration information, forms, andpublications.
• Find office locations and hours.
• Make a driving test appointment.
• Speak to a DMV representative or request a call back.

– viii –Call 1-800-777-0133 for automated service 24 hours a day, 7 days a weekto:
• Renew your vehicle registration with the renewal identification number(RIN) provided on your billing notice. You can pay with a credit cardor e-check.
• Make a field office appointment. Make sure to have your DL or ID
card number, vehicle license plate number, and/or vehicle identification
number (VIN) available.
Persons who are deaf, hard of hearing, or persons with speech impairments
can call, toll free 1-800-368-4327 for assistance with DMV services. Only
typed messages from another TTY are received and responded to at thisnumber.

Where to Write

If you have any comments or suggestions regarding this publication, please send them to:

Department of Motor Vehicles
Customer Communications Section, MS H165
PO Box 932345
Sacramento, CA 94232-3450© Copyright, Department of Motor Vehicles 2020
All rights reserved
This work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. DMV owns the copyright of this work. Copyright
law prohibits the following: (1) reproduction of the copyrighted work; (2) distribution of copiesof the copyrighted work; (3) preparation of derivative works based upon the copyrighted
work; (4) displaying the copyrighted work publicly; or (5) performing the copyrighted work
publicly. All requests for permission to make copies of all or any part of this publication
should be addressed to:

Department of Motor Vehicles
Legal Office, MS C128
PO Box 932382
Sacramento, CA 94232-3820
Advertising sponsorship helps defray the printing costs of this publication. The products
and services provided by the advertising sponsors are not promoted or endorsed by DMV,
but the significant contribution by the advertising sponsors is most appreciated.
If you would like to advertise in this publication, please call the Office of State PublishingAdvertising Department at 1-866-824-0603.

– ix –

Get Prepared at
REALID.dmv.ca.gov

REAL

ID4JFA

SAFE. SECURE. SMART.

Apply for a REAL ID
Bring the following documentation to your offce visit:

1 Identity/birth(Ex: Original or certifed birth certifcate, US passport)

2 Social Security number(Ex: Social Security card, W-2 displaying entire SSN)

3 California Residency–2 different documents(Ex: Utility or cell phone bill, bank statement, lease agreement)

A name change document(s) is required if the name on your identity document
is different than your current legal name.

PLAN AHEAD!
— Complete the online driver license/
identifcation card application— Use the REAL ID interactive checklist
to gather application documents— View the REAL ID Application Guide Video(Bring applicable fees.)

New federal ID requirements
to fy within the U.S. andenter secure federal facilities
begin October 1, 2020.

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GENERAL INFORMATION
Disclaimer

This handbook provides a summary of the laws and regulations outlinedin the California Vehicle Code (CVC). The Department of Motor Vehicles(DMV), law enforcement, and the courts follow the full and exact
language of the CVC. You may view the CVC at leginfo.legislature.
ca.gov or purchase a CVC book at any DMV field office. The CVC and
DMV fees are available online at dmv.ca.gov. Fees listed in the California
Driver Handbook are subject to change.
This handbook is primarily for a basic Class C DL. For detailed
information on other DL types and endorsements, refer to various other
California DMV Handbooks: California Commercial Driver Handbook,
Recreational Vehicles and Trailers Handbook, Ambulance Driver
Handbook, California Parent-Teen Training Guide, and California
Motorcycle Handbook.

DMV’s Function and Vision

DMV is a state-level government agency whose two primary functions
are to license California drivers and register vehicles within the state.
However, DMV also maintains and oversees many other functions.
DMV’s vision is to be a trusted leader in delivering innovative services.
This vision is supported by DMV’s mission to proudly serve the public bylicensing drivers, registering vehicles, securing identities, and regulating
the motor vehicle industry.

Accurate Identification

The reliability, integrity, and confidentiality of all California DL/ID cards
are of prime concern to all levels of government, the private sector, andgeneral public.
It is critical that these documents be completely authenticated andaccurate. California law requires that all customers who apply for an
original California DL/ID card or REAL ID Compliant DL/ID card
submit acceptable documents establishing their identity, social security
number (SSN), if eligible, and 2 California residency documents. Your
true full name as shown on your identity document will appear on your
DL/ID card.

–1–Basic Information

A California DL shows that you have been given permission by the state
to drive on public roadways. You may apply for a DL at most DMV field
offices (refer to page viii). After you complete your application for aDL, pay the application fee, pass all applicable knowledge tests, show thatyour physical and/or mental condition is satisfactory, and demonstrate
your ability to drive safely, a license may be issued and mailed to you.
If you have a medical condition or a disability, DMV may require you totake a driving test. You may also have to provide a statement from yourphysician regarding your current health condition.
It is a misdemeanor to drive in California with an expired DL. If you do,
you may be cited, your vehicle may be impounded, and you may have toappear in court.

THE CALIFORNIA DRIVER LICENSE
Who Must Have a Driver License?
California Residents
California residents who drive on public highways or use parking facilities
that are open to the public must have a California DL, unless they are:
• An officer or employee of the United States (U.S.) government operating
a vehicle owned or controlled by the U.S. government on federal
business, except when operating a commercial motor vehicle.
• Driving or operating implements of husbandry not operated or moved
over a highway.
• Driving or operating an off-highway vehicle to cross a highway.
California Resident Military Personnel (U.S. Armed Forces)
If you are out of state on active military duty and have a valid California
DL, you and your spouse’s California DL will be valid for the full time
you are absent from California and for 30 days following your discharge
date, if you are honorably discharged outside of California. Carry bothyour DL and discharge or separation documents during those 30 days
(CVC §12817).
Call 1-800-777-0133 to obtain an Extension of License for Person in
Armed Forces (DL 236) card which extends your California DL.
Note: Your DL is not valid if it is suspended, cancelled, or revoked.
–2–Nonresident Military Personnel Stationed in California
If you are 18 years old or older, refer to the “California Residents” and“Adults Visiting California” sections in this handbook for additional
information. Licensees eligible for military extensions should carry
documentation from their home state to verify their status to law
enforcement.
New California Residents
When you become a California resident and you want to drive in
California, you must apply for a California DL within 10 days. Residency
is established in a variety of ways, including the following:• Being registered to vote in California elections.
• Paying resident tuition at a California college or university.
• Filing for a homeowner’s property tax exemption.
• Receiving any other privilege or benefit not ordinarily extended tononresidents.
Adults Visiting California
Visitors over 18 years old with a valid DL from their home state or country
may drive in California without getting a California DL as long as theirhome state or country DL is valid.
Safety for the Aging Driver
DMV has a handbook specifically for senior drivers. Visit dmv.ca.gov
to view or download the Senior Guide for Safe Driving (DL 625), call
1-800-777-0133 to request a copy be mailed, go to a local DMV field
office, or contact the Senior Driver Ombudsman Program in your area:
Los Angeles and Central Coast Counties(310) 615-3552
Sacramento and Northern California Counties(916) 657-6464
Orange and San Diego Counties(714) 705-1588
San Francisco, Oakland, and Bay Areas(510) 563-8998–3–

OBTAINING A DRIVER LICENSE

When you apply for an original California DL, you must present acceptable
documents establishing your identity/birthdate, residency, and provide yourSocial Security Number (SSN), if eligible. When a document is required, withthe exception of proof of residency, adhere to the following requirements:• Provide a certified copy, or an unexpired original document.
• Provide a document containing an impressed seal or original stamped
impression, if applicable.
• Do not provide a photocopy. A photocopy is acceptable for residency
documents.
• Do not present self-laminated cards or documents; however, DMV may
accept laminated or metal SSN cards.
If you present a limited term identity document, your DL/ID card may
expire on the same date as your identity document. If the name on yourdocument is different from the name on your Driver License & ID Card
Application, you must also bring an acceptable true full name document.
Your fingerprint, signature, and photograph will also be taken (refer to the“Application Requirements for a Basic Class C Driver License” section
on page 6). For any other DL/ID card transaction, you must present
photo identification.
• Examples of acceptable identity documents include: U.S. BirthCertificate, U.S. Passport, U.S. Armed Forces ID Cards, Certificate of
Naturalization, Permanent Resident Card, or a foreign passport with avalid I-94. The I-94 expiration date must be more than 2 months fromthe date you visit the field office.
• Examples of true full name verification documents include: adoption
documents containing your legal name as a result of the adoption, namechange documents containing your legal name both before and after,
marriage certificate, certificate or registration document verifying
the formation of a domestic partnership, or a dissolution of marriage/
domestic partnership document containing your legal name as a resultof the court order.
• Examples of acceptable residency documents include: home utility
bill (including cell phone), insurance documents, California title orregistration for a vehicle or vessel, or record of a financial institution. A
parent, legal guardian, or child may use a birth certificate, and a spouseor domestic partner may use a marriage certificate or domestic partner
registration certificate to connect their relationship to the individual towhom the acceptable residency documents were addressed. A complete
list of acceptable documents is available at dmv.ca.gov.
–4–

REAL ID Act

REAL

How the REAL ID Act Impacts Californians
Beginning October 1, 2020, the federal government
SAFE. SECURE. SMART.
will require your DL/ID card to be REAL ID
Compliant if you wish to use it as ID to board an airplane for domestic
flights or enter military bases and most federal facilities.
If you have a U.S. passport, passport card, military ID, or another formof Transportation Security Administration (TSA) approved ID, these
documents will still be accepted to board an airplane. The federal REAL
ID Act of 2005 was passed in response to the events of 9/11. For more on
the REAL ID Act, visit the Department of Homeland Security website at
dhs.gov.

1D4J&\Do I Need a REAL ID?
The REAL ID Compliant DL/ID card is optional.
If you have a valid U.S. passport, passport card, military ID, or otherfederally approved ID, you may use this as your form of ID to pass a TSA
checkpoint at airports nationwide and visit a secure federal building or
military installation at any time.
If you know you will not be boarding a domestic flight or visiting a secure
federal facility or military base, you do not need a REAL ID Compliant
DL/ID card.
You do not need a REAL ID Compliant DL/ID card to do any of thefollowing:• Drive.
• Vote.
• Apply for or receive federal benefits (Veterans Affairs, Social Security
Administration (SSA), etc.).
• Enter a federal facility that does not require ID (i.e., a post office).
• Visit a hospital or receive life-saving services.
How Do I Prepare to Apply for a REAL ID Card?
To apply for a REAL ID card, you must do the following:• Provide proof of identity.
• Provide 2 California residency documents.
• Present proof of your SSN, if eligible.
Note: You can request a replacement social security card online at ssa.gov.
–5–Note: Refer to the DMV website for a complete list of acceptable REALID Compliant documents.

Married, Divorced, or Name Change?
You may need to provide a name change document.
A name change document(s), such as a marriage certificate, may berequired to issue a REAL ID Compliant DL/ID card in your true fullname. If the name on your identity document is different from the nameyou provided on your application, you must submit a document that
establishes your true full name. For example a(n):• Adoption document that contains the legal name as a result of adoption.
• Name change document that contains the legal name both before andafter the name change.
• Marriage certificate.
• Certificate, declaration, or registration document verifying the formationof a domestic partnership.
• Dissolution of marriage/domestic partnership document that contains
the legal name as a result of the court action.

Application Requirements for a Basic Class C
Driver License

To apply for a Class C DL, you must:• Submit a completed and signed Driver License & ID Card Application(DL 44/eDL 44) form. The eDL44 can be completed online in advance.
Signing this form means you agree to submit to a chemical test to
determine the alcohol or drug content of your blood when requested bya peace officer. If you refuse to sign this statement, DMV will not issue
a permit or DL.
• Present an acceptable document(s) establishing your identity andbirthdate.
• Provide your true full name.
• Present an acceptable residency document(s).
• Provide your SSN, if eligible, which will be electronically verified with
the SSA.
• Pay a nonrefundable application fee. The fee is good for 12 months. (Ifall requirements are not met within 12 months, the application will nolonger be valid and you must reapply.)–6–

— Allows you 3 attempts to pass each of the required knowledge tests.
(If you fail the knowledge test 3 times, the application is no longer
valid and you must reapply.)— Allows you 3 attempts at the driving test.
Important: If you fail the driving test, you must pay a retest fee forsubsequent test(s) and schedule the driving test for another day. If you
fail the driving test 3 times, the application will no longer be valid andyou must reapply.
• Pass a vision test with or without corrective lenses, with visual acuity
better than 20/200 in at least one eye without the use of a bioptic
telescopic lens or similar bioptic device to meet the minimum vision
acuity standard (CVC §12805(a)(2)).
• Have your photograph taken.
• Give a fingerprint scan.
• Sign your name.
Note: Please visit dmv.ca.gov for a complete list of DL application fees.

Adults’ Permit Requirements

If you are at least 18 years old, meet the application requirements, andpass the required tests, you may be issued a California instruction
permit. You must have an instruction permit while learning to drive.
Your accompanying driver must be 18 years old or older and have a valid
California DL. This person must be seated close enough to take control ofthe vehicle at any time. An instruction permit does not permit you to drivealone–not even to a DMV field office to take the driving test.
If you want to obtain professional driver education and training, refer tothe “Driving Schools” and “Mature Driver Program” sections on pages
23 and 24.
To get a motorcycle permit, you must:• Complete the application requirements.
• Submit a certificate of completion of the Motorcycle Training (DL 389)
form, if under 21 years old.
• Pass a knowledge test.
Note: If you have a motorcycle permit, you cannot carry passengers, mustride during daylight hours only, and cannot ride on the freeway.

–7–

Adults’ Driver License Requirements

If you are at least 18 years old and have never been licensed, you mustmeet the following criteria:• Comply with the requirements for a driving permit.
• When you are ready, make an appointment to take the behind-the-wheel
driving test.
• When you report for the driving test, bring your instruction permit withyou.
• Pass the behind-the-wheel driving test. If you fail the test, you must pay
a retest fee for a second or subsequent test and schedule a behind-thewheel driving test for another day.
If you have an out-of-state DL, you must:• Complete all the steps required for an instruction permit.
• Bring your valid out-of-state DL to DMV. Your out-of-state DL will be
invalidated and returned to you unless you are applying for a commercial
DL (CDL).
Note: The behind-the-wheel driving test for holders of out-of-state or
U.S. territory DLs are normally waived. However, DMV may require abehind-the-wheel driving test for any type of DL application. Behind-thewheel driving tests are mandatory for out-of-country DL holders.

–8–DRIVER LICENSE CLASSESClass C DL • You may drive a:— 2-axle vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 26,000
pounds (lbs.) or less.
— 3-axle vehicle weighing 6,000 lbs. or less gross.
— Housecar 40 feet or less in length.
— 3-wheel motorcycle with 2 wheels located in the front or back.
— Vanpool vehicle designed to carry more than 10 persons, but nomore than 15 persons, including the driver.
Note: A driver of a vanpool may operate with a Class C license but shallpossess evidence of a medical examination required for a Class B license
when operating vanpool vehicles. In the vanpool vehicle, the driver must
keep a statement, signed under penalty of perjury, that they have not been
convicted of reckless driving, drunk driving, or hit-and-run in the last 5
years (CVC §12804.9(j)).
• You may tow a:— Single vehicle with a GVWR of 10,000 lbs. or less, including a tow
dolly, if used.
• With a vehicle weighing 4,000 lbs. or more unladen, you may tow a:— Trailer coach or fifth-wheel travel trailer under 10,000 lbs. GVWR
when towing is not for compensation.
— Fifth-wheel travel trailer exceeding 10,000 lbs. but under 15,000
lbs. GVWR, when towing is not for compensation, and withendorsement.
• A farmer or employee of a farmer may drive:— Any combination of vehicles with a GVWR of 26,000 lbs. or less,
if used exclusively in agricultural operations and not for hire orcompensation.
Note:• Class C licensees may not tow more than 1 vehicle.
• A passenger vehicle, regardless of weight, may not tow more than 1
vehicle.
• A motor vehicle under 4,000 lbs. unladen weight may not tow any
vehicle weighing 6,000 lbs. or more gross (CVC §21715(b)).

–9–Other classes of DLs/endorsements are:• Noncommercial Class A• Noncommercial Class B• Commercial Class A• Commercial Class B• Commercial Class C• Motorcycle Class M1• Motorcycle Class M2• Commercial endorsements:— Doubles/Triples— Hazardous Materials— Passenger Transportation— Tank Vehicle• Ambulance Driver Certificate• School Bus Endorsement• Tow Truck Driver Certificate• Verification of Transit Training Certificate• Farm Labor Vehicle Certificate• Firefighter Endorsement
Note: Commercially-licensed firefighters must submit a Medical
Examination Report (MER) Form MCSA-5875, and Medical Examiner’s
Certificate (MEC) Form MCSA-5876. Noncommercially licensed
firefighters may submit a self-certifying Health Questionnaire (DL 546).

THE EXAMINATION PROCESS
Where to Take the Tests

You may take the knowledge, vision, and behind-the-wheel driving tests
at most DMV field offices that provide DL services.
To save time, make an appointment at dmv.ca.gov or call
1-800-777-0133 during normal business hours.
Note: Knowledge and vision tests are required when you apply for an
original DL or upgrade to a different class of DL.

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DMV Examinations

Your DL examinations include:• A vision test (bring your eyeglasses or wear contact lenses if requiredfor driving).
• A knowledge test.
— DMV utilizes an automated TouchScreen Terminal (TST) toadminister the knowledge test.
• A behind-the-wheel driving test (if required). For the driving test, youmust have an appointment and bring:— Your old DL or instruction permit, if you have one.
— A licensed driver age 18 years old or older with a valid California
DL.
— Proof that the vehicle is properly insured.
Important: If you use a rental vehicle, the driving test applicant must be
listed on the rental contract. The contract must not exclude driving tests.
— A vehicle that is safe to drive, and has valid registration. The
vehicle’s brake lights, horn, parking brake, and turn signals must
work properly. The vehicle cannot have bald tires, which would
have less than 1/32 inch tread depth in any 2 adjacent grooves. The
driver’s side window must roll down. The windshield must allow
a full unobstructed field of vision for you and the examiner. There
must be at least 2 rearview mirrors (1 must be on the left outsideof the vehicle).
— You will be asked to locate the controls for the vehicle’s headlights,
windshield wipers, defroster, and emergency flashers. You must
demonstrate how to use the parking brake.
Note: The behind-the-wheel driving test will be rescheduled if the vehicle
does not meet the above requirements or if you refuse to use your seat belt
during the driving test.
Technology, such as back up cameras and self-parking, cannot solely be
used on a driving test.
For your safety, no pets or passengers, other than the DMV examineror other authorized personnel, are permitted in the vehicle during yourdriving test.
For more information, refer to the Preparing for Your Driving Test
(FFDL 22) Fast Facts brochure, DMV videos, and sample tests available
at dmv.ca.gov.

– 11 –

Cheating

The use of testing aids is strictly prohibited. This includes, but is not
limited to: the California Driver Handbook, cheat sheets, and/or electronic
communication devices such as a cell phone, hand-held computer, etc. If
any testing aid is used during the knowledge test, the knowledge test will
be marked as a failure. An action may also be taken by DMV against yourdriving privilege or the driving privilege of anyone else who assists youin the examination process.

SPECIAL SECTION – MINORS
Minors’ Permit Requirements

A minor is a person under 18 years old. Minors must have their applications(for a DL or any change of DL class) signed by their parent(s) or legal
guardian(s). If both parents/guardians have joint custody, both must sign.
Note: Minors may not work as a driver for pay and they may not drive aschool bus containing pupils.
To get a permit you must:• Be at least 15½ years old.
• Complete the Driver License & ID Card Application (DL 44/eDL 44)
form.
• Have your parent(s) or legal guardian(s) sign the application.
Note: You can fill out the Driver License & ID Card Application online,
and your parent(s) or legal guardian(s) can sign the form electronically.
• Pass the knowledge test. If you fail the test, you must wait 7 days (1week), not including the day the test was failed, before retaking the test.
• If you are 15½ –17½ years old, you will need to provide proof that you:
— Completed driver education (Certificate of Completion of Driver
Education) OR— Are enrolled and participating in an approved integrated driver
education/driver training program (Certificate of Enrollment inan Integrated [Classroom] Driver Education and Driver Training
Program). For more information, refer to the Provisional Licensing(FFDL 19) Fast Facts brochure at dmv.ca.gov.
The provisional permit is not valid until you start your behind-thewheel driver training with an instructor or reach 17½ years old. If you
have a permit and plan to drive outside of California, check licensing
requirements in that state or country.

– 12 –

Note: If you are at least 17½ years old, you may obtain a permit withoutcompleting driver education or driver training. However, you cannot get
a DL before you are 18 years old.

Minors’ Permit Restrictions

Your permit is not valid until you begin driver training; your instructor
will sign the permit to validate it. You must practice with a licensed
California driver: parent, guardian, driving instructor, spouse, or adult 25
years old or older. The person must sit close enough to you to take controlof the vehicle at any time. A provisional permit does not allow you to drivealone at any time, not even to a DMV field office to take a driving test.

Minors’ Driver License Requirements

You must:• Be at least 16 years old.
• Prove that you have completed both driver education and driver training.
• Have had a California instruction permit or an instruction permit fromanother state for at least 6 months (refer to the Out-of-State Minors
section on page 15).
• Provide parent(s) or guardian(s) signature(s) on your instruction permit
certifying that you have completed 50 hours of supervised driving
practice (10 hours must be night driving) as outlined in the California
Parent-Teen Training Guide (DL 603). Visit the teen website at
dmv.ca.gov or call 1-800-777-0133 to request this booklet.
• Pay a nonrefundable application fee.
Note: The fee is good for 12 months. If all requirements are not met
within 12 months, the application is no longer valid and you must reapply.
• Pass each of the required knowledge tests. If you fail the knowledge test
3 times, the application is no longer valid and you must reapply.
• Pass the driving test (within 3 attempts).
Important: If you fail the driving test, you must pay a retest fee, schedule
a subsequent test, and wait 14 days (2 weeks), not including the day thetest was failed before you are retested. If you fail the driving test 3 times,
the application is no longer valid and you must reapply.

– 13 –

Once you have your provisional DL, you may drive alone, as long as you
do not have any collisions or traffic violations on your driving record.
During the first 12 months after you are licensed, you cannot drive
between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m. and cannot transport passengers under 20
years old, unless accompanied by a California-licensed parent or guardian,a California-licensed driver 25 years old or older, or a licensed or certified
driving instructor.
When you become 18 years old, the “provisional” part of your DL ends.
You may keep your provisional photo DL or pay a fee for a duplicate DL
without the word “provisional.”

Exceptions – Minors’ Driver License Restrictions

The law allows the following exceptions when reasonable transportation
is not available and it is necessary to drive. A signed note explaining
the necessity to drive and the date when this driving necessity will end
must be kept in your possession for the following exceptions (emancipatedminors are excluded from this requirement):• Medical necessity to drive when reasonable transportation alternatives
are inadequate. The note must be signed by a physician with thediagnosis and probable date of recovery.
• Schooling or school-authorized activity. The note must be signed by theschool principal, dean, or designee.
• Employment necessity and the need to operate a vehicle as part ofyour employment. The note must be signed by the employer verifying
employment.
• The necessity to drive an immediate family member. The note mustbe signed by your parent(s) or legal guardian(s), stating the reason
and probable end date of the necessity to drive the immediate family
member.
Exception: These requirements do not apply to an emancipated minor.
Emancipated minors must provide DMV with court documents showingthat the court has granted a petition for emancipation and provide a
California Insurance Proof Certificate (SR 22/SR 1P) form in lieu of
their parent(s) or guarantor(s) signature(s). Emancipated minors are notexempt from the integrated driver education and driver training program
requirements.

– 14 –

Out-Of-State Minors

All out-of-state minor applicants must comply with the application
requirements outlined in the “Application Requirements for a BasicClass C Driver License” section on page 6 and must have parent(s) orlegal guardian(s) signature on the Driver License & ID Card Application(DL 44/eDL 44) form.

Out-Of-State Minors’ Permit
Out-of-state minors’ permit applicants must meet the requirements listed
in the “Minors’ Permit Requirements” section on page 12. In addition,
if your driver education and driver training courses were taken in a stateother than California, DMV may accept a To Secondary Schools Other
Than California Schools (DL 33) form completed by the out-of-state
secondary school. You may obtain a DL 33 at your local DMV field officeor by calling DMV at 1-800-777-0133. Send the DL 33 to your out-of-state
secondary school and ask them to complete and return it to you.
Out-Of-State Minors’ Driver License
You will be asked to present your out-of-state DL and pass a knowledge
test as part of the application process. The behind-the-wheel driving testfor holders of out-of-state DLs are normally waived. However, DMV may
require a behind-the-wheel driving test for any type of DL application.
Note: Out-of-state minor applicants are subject to all provisional
restrictions per California law for the first year of the DL or until theyturn 18 years old.

Actions Against the Provisional Driver License

Teenagers as a group average twice as many collisions as adult drivers,
while driving only half as many miles. The teenage collision rate per mileis 4 times greater than the adult driver collision rate per mile. Traffic deathsof new drivers are deadly combinations of their inexperience driving, lackof familiarity with the vehicle, and their need to push themselves and thevehicle to the limit.

– 15 –

Keeping Your Provisional Driver License
DMV will track your driving record and take actions based upon any
collisions or violations as follows:• If you get a traffic ticket and fail to appear in court, DMV will suspend
your driving privilege until you appear in court.
• If you have 1 “at fault” collision or conviction of a traffic law violation
within 12 months, DMV will send you a warning letter.
• If you have 2 “at fault” collisions or convictions (or combination) of atraffic law violation within 12 months, you cannot drive for 30 days,
unless accompanied by your licensed parent or other licensed adult who
is at least 25 years old.
• If you have 3 “at fault” collisions or convictions (or any combination)of a traffic law violation within 12 months, you will be suspended for 6
months and placed on probation for 1 year.
• If you have 4 or more “at fault” collisions or point count convictions oftraffic law violations while on probation, you will be suspended again(traffic law violations resolved in juvenile court are also reported to
DMV).
• If you are convicted of using alcohol or a controlled substance and you
are between 13 to 21 years old, the court orders DMV to suspend yourDL for 1 year. If you do not have a DL, the court orders DMV to delay
your eligibility to apply for a DL. You may also be required to completea DUI program.
Any restriction, suspension, or probation will continue for its full term
past your 18th birthday. Other, stronger actions may be taken if yourdriving record justifies them. Remember, if your driving privilege has
been suspended or revoked, you may not drive.

Minors and Cell Phones• It is against the law for a minor to use a cell phone or electronic wirelesscommunications device while driving. Do not answer calls or send/
respond to text messages.
• Convictions for violations of this law are subject to fines.
Exceptions: You may use a cell phone only to contact law enforcement,a health care provider, the fire department, or another emergency entity
in an emergency situation when driving.

– 16 –MISCELLANEOUS LICENSING INFORMATION
To Replace a Lost/Stolen or Damaged Driver
LicenseIf your DL is lost, stolen, or damaged, you must go to a DMV field office,complete the DL 44/eDL 44 form (the eDL44 can be completed online
in advance), and pay a fee for the replacement. You should also present a
photo ID. If DMV cannot confirm your identity, you will not be issued atemporary DL.
If you are a minor, your parent(s) or guardian(s) must sign the application.
If both parents/guardians have joint custody, both must sign. Once a
replacement DL is issued, the previous DL is no longer valid. Destroy theold DL if you find it later.

Name Changes

When you legally change your name because of marriage or other reasons,be sure to change your name with SSA before coming in to DMV. Bring
your DL to DMV in person, along with your marriage certificate or otheracceptable verification of your “true full name” (refer to the “Obtaininga Driver License” section on page 4). You must complete the Driver
License & ID Card Application (DL 44/eDL 44) form (the eDL44 canbe completed online in advance) and pay the applicable fee. DMV will
electronically verify your name, birthdate, and SSN with SSA.
A new photograph, fingerprint, and signature will be taken.

Gender Category Changes

Effective January 1, 2019, customers may apply for a gender categoryof male, female, or nonbinary. You are no longer required to provide
a Medical Certification and Authorization (DL 329) form, completed
by a physician or psychologist who certifies to an applicant’s gender
identification or demeanor. If you wish to obtain a DL/ID card with agender category that differs from the gender on your identity document orexisting California DL/ID card, you must present, in person, a completed
Gender Category Request (DL 329 S) form to DMV.

– 17 –

Driver License Renewals

DMV sends a renewal notice to your address of record approximately
120 days before your DL expires. Follow the instructions on the renewal
notice. If you do not receive a renewal notice, go online or call to makean appointment to renew your DL (refer to page viii).
Note: You will not receive a renewal notice if you have a pending
application on file with DMV.
Qualified drivers may be eligible to renew their DL on the DMV website
at dmv.ca.gov or by mail.
DMV may issue a DL for 5 years. The DL expires on your birthday in theyear shown on the DL, unless otherwise indicated. It is against the law todrive with an expired DL. A driving test may be required as part of any
DL application. Driving tests are not required simply because of age. If
DMV cannot confirm your identity, you will not be issued a temporary DL.
For other types of DLs, refer to the California Commercial Driver
Handbook (DL 650), Recreational Vehicles and Trailers Handbook(DL 648), or California Motorcycle Handbook (DL 665).

Renewal by Mail or Internet

If you have not received 2 consecutive 5-year DL extensions, you may be
eligible to renew by mail or Internet without taking a knowledge test, if:• Your current DL expires before age 70.
• You do not have a probationary DL (CVC §14250).
• You have not violated a written promise to appear in court within thelast 2 years.
• You are not suspended for driving with an illegal blood alcohol
concentration (BAC) level, or refusing or failing to complete a chemicalor preliminary alcohol screening test within the last 2 years.
• You do not have a total violation point count greater than 1 point.

Driver License Extension

If you are away from California (up to 1 year), you may request a free
1 year extension before your DL expires. Mail your request to DMV,PO Box 942890, Sacramento, CA 94290-0001. Include your name, DL
number, birthdate, California residence address, and out-of-state address.
Limited-term drivers are not eligible for this extension.

– 18 –

Save Time
Fill Out Your Electronic DL/ID
Card Application Online

To save time, DMV customers can use their computer, tablet,or smartphone to fill out an online electronic application fora driver license or identification (DL/ID) card before visiting
a DMV office.
Available in the following 10 languages:• English• Chinese • Japanese • Korean• Spanish • Hindi• Khmer• Tagalog

Learn more at dmv.ca.gov• Thai• VietnameseDriver License in Your Possession

You must always keep your DL with you when you drive. You must show
it to any peace officer who asks to see it. If you are in a collision, you mustshow it to the other driver(s) involved (refer to the “Involved in a Collision”
section on page 95).

Address Changes

When you move, you must give DMV your new address within 10 days.
There is no fee to change your address. You may notify DMV of youraddress change for your DL/ID card, and vehicle(s) online at dmv.ca.gov.
You may also download a Change of Address (DMV 14) form, or call
DMV at 1-800-777-0133 to request a DMV 14 be mailed to you. Mail thecompleted DMV 14 to the address on the form. A new DL/ID card is notissued when you change your address. You may type or write your new
address on a small piece of paper, sign and date the paper, and carry it (donot use tape or staples) with your DL/ID card. If you change your address
at a field office, a DMV representative will give you a Change of Address
Card (DL 43) to complete and carry with your DL/ID card.
Important: Change your address with the U.S. Postal Service to ensure
DMV correspondence is forwarded to your current mailing address. It isyour responsibility to ensure DMV has your correct mailing address onrecord.

VisionDMV screens all drivers to measure vision with or without corrective
lenses. If you do not meet DMV’s vision standard (20/40), you will be
required to visit a vision specialist. The DMV representative will give
you a Report of Vision Examination (DL 62) form to have completed
by a vision specialist. If your vision is not worse than 20/70, DMV may
issue you a 30-day temporary DL to allow you time to have your visionchecked. All drivers applying for a DL must have a visual acuity better
than 20/200 (best corrected) in at least one eye before a DL can be issued.
You are prohibited from using a bioptic telescope or similar lens to meetthe 20/200 visual acuity standard in the better eye.

Medical Information Card

Call 1-800-777-0133 to obtain a Medical Information Card (DL 390) to list
your blood type, allergies, physician name, and other medical information.
It can be carried with your DL/ID card.

– 20 –

Organ and Tissue Donation

You may sign up to donate your organs and tissue for transplantation after
your death. When you apply for or renew your DL/ID card and check the“Yes, add or keep my name on the donor registry” box, your name will be
added to the Donate Life California Organ Tissue Donor Registry and a
Pink DONOR dot will appear on your DL/ID card. You must mark Yes tomaintain the DONOR dot on your DL/ID card. When you check the “I donot wish to register to be an organ or tissue donor at this time” box, yourname will not be removed from the registry. If you wish to remove yourname from the registry, you must contact Donate Life California. DMV
can remove the DONOR dot from your DL/ID card but cannot remove
you from the registry. You may also provide a $2 voluntary contribution
to support and promote organ and tissue donation by checking the “Would
you like to make a voluntary $2 contribution?” box. As outlined in the
California Anatomical Gift Act, your authorization is legally binding and,
unless the donor is under 18 years old, your decision does not require
the consent of any other person. For registered donors under 18 years
old, the legal guardian shall make the final donation decision. You may
limit your donation to specific organs or tissues, place usage restrictions(for example, transplantation or research), obtain more information about
donation, change or update your donor status or information including
your name and address, or remove your name from the registry on the
Donate Life California website at: donateLIFEcalifornia.org.

Veteran Designation and Benefit Information

For an additional $5 fee, DMV offers those who proudly served
our country the option to mark the face of their DL/ID card with theword “VETERAN” to indicate they served in the U.S. Armed Forces.
In addition, DMV will refer veterans to the California Department of
Veterans Affairs to determine eligibility for benefits acquired whileserving in the U.S. Armed Forces.

How Can I Get Veterans Designation?
• Visit County Veterans Service Officers (CVSO) to obtain a signed,
certified Veteran Status Verification Form (VSD-001).
• Visit a DMV field office to request the Veterans designation be added
to the DL/ID card.
• For more information, visit the DMV website at dmv.ca.gov or refer tothe Are You a Veteran? (FFDL 43) Fast Facts brochure. The California
Department of Veterans Affairs (CalVet) Connect program would like– 21 –

you to receive information regarding benefits, such as employment,
housing, education, and health care services for which you may beentitled. Check the “If you have served, would you like to receive benefits
information for which you may be eligible?” box on the DL 44/eDL 44
form. DMV will transmit your name and mailing address to CalVet forthem to forward you benefits information. To locate a CalVet office nearyou, refer to your local government listing in your telephone book, visit
the CalVet website at calvet.ca.gov, or visit dmv.ca.gov.

Register To Vote

You may register to vote or update your voter registration with DMV
when applying for an original DL/ID, renewing your DL/ID, or changing
your address. For more information, visit dmv.ca.gov.

Unlicensed Drivers

It is against the law to loan your vehicle to a person who is unlicensed orwhose driving privilege has been suspended or revoked. If an unlicensed
person is caught driving your vehicle, it may be impounded for 30 days
(CVC §14607.6). No person of any age may drive on a highway or in a
public parking facility unless they have a valid DL or permit. The law also
states that you must not employ, permit, or authorize any person to drive
your vehicle on a public street or highway, unless they are licensed todrive that class of vehicle. A person must be at least 21 years old to drive
most commercial vehicles for hire in interstate commerce and to transport
hazardous materials or wastes.

Diplomatic Driver Licenses

Nonresidents who possess a valid diplomatic DL issued by the U.S.
Department of State are exempt from California driver licensing
requirements.

Identification (ID) Cards

DMV issues ID cards to eligible persons of any age. To obtain an original
ID card, you must present an identity document, residency document, andprovide your SSN (refer to the “Obtaining a Driver License” section on
page 4). The ID card is valid until the 6th birthday after the issue date.
If you meet certain requirements for specific public assistance programs,
you may be eligible to apply for a reduced-fee ID card. Government
or nonprofit organizations determine whether an individual meets therequirements for a reduced-fee ID card.

– 22 –

Note: If you are 62 years old or older, you may obtain a free senior citizen
ID card with the words “Senior Identification Card” indicated on the front.
The Senior ID card is valid until the 8th birthday after the issue date.

No-Fee ID Cards• Drivers who are no longer able to drive safely because of a physical and/or mental (P&M) condition may be eligible to exchange their valid DL
for a no-fee ID card, if certain guidelines are met.
• If you are a “homeless person” as defined by the McKinney-Vento
Act, which includes, but is not limited to, a homeless child or youth,
homeless person, or individual or family fleeing domestic violence,
dating violence, sexual assault, stalking, or another dangerous lifethreatening condition, you may be eligible for a no-fee ID card.
Visit dmv.ca.gov or call 1-800-777-0133 for additional information.

Identification (ID) Card Renewal by Mail orInternet

Customers who are eligible to renew their ID card by mail or Internet
will receive a notice approximately 120 days before the expiration of theircurrent ID card. Reduced-fee ID cards cannot be renewed by mail orInternet.

Driving Schools

When learning to drive, you should seek qualified instruction, either with apublic or private high school or a state-licensed professional driving school.
DMV licenses professional schools and instructors in California that meetrigid qualifying standards. Schools must carry liability insurance, hold abond, and maintain complete records for DMV inspection. Vehicles are
subject to annual inspection. Instructors must pass a written examination
every 3 years or show proof of continuing education in the traffic safety
field. If you use the services of a professional driving school, ask to see theinstructor’s ID card. Visit dmv.ca.gov or refer to the Selecting a Driving
School for Driver Education and Driver Training (DE/DT) (FFDL 33)
Fast Facts brochure for additional information.

– 23 –

Mature Driver Program

The Mature Driver Program is an 8-hour course for drivers 55 years old
and older. This course covers a variety of topics of special interest to themature driver and is available from DMV-approved course providers. Visit
the DMV website for more information. Your insurance company may
offer discounts for those who complete the class and receive a completion
certificate. The certificate is valid for 3 years and can be renewed bycompleting a 4-hour course.

Pedestrian Responsibilities

Pedestrians (including joggers) should be aware of traffic conditions. Watch
out for drivers before assuming you have the right-of-way when crossing
a street. Be aware that hybrid and electric vehicles are virtually silent
when running on electric power and you may not hear them approachingan intersection. Yield the right-of-way to vehicles when you cross a street
between intersections and in areas with no pedestrian crosswalks orsignals. Remember: Making eye contact with a driver does not mean thedriver will yield the right-of-way. Do not suddenly leave a curb or othersafe place, and walk or run into the path of a vehicle close enough to be adanger to you. This is true even though you are in a crosswalk. The law
states that drivers must always yield the right-of-way to a pedestrian, but
if the driver cannot stop in time to avoid hitting you, you still run therisk of being hit. Avoid distractions as a pedestrian. Do not use your cell
phone or electronic wireless communications device while moving. To
avoid becoming a hazard to vehicles and other pedestrians, you should
be aware of your surroundings at all times. Always obey traffic signal
lights. Whether the intersection has pedestrian or traffic signal lights,
you must obey the pedestrian rules (refer to pages 29 and 30). At anintersection where traffic is not controlled by traffic signal lights, drivers
are required to yield the right-of-way to pedestrians within any crosswalk,marked or unmarked.
When a traffic signal light changes to green or “WALK,” look left,right, and then left again, and yield the right-of-way to any vehicle in theintersection before the traffic signal light changes.
If the traffic signal light begins blinking or changes to “DON’T WALK,”or to an upraised hand after you have gone part way across a divided
street, you may continue across the street. Do not stop or delay traffic
unnecessarily while crossing a street. Pedestrians are not permitted on– 24 –

any toll bridge or highway crossing, unless there is a sidewalk and signs
stating pedestrian traffic is permitted.
If there are no sidewalks, walk facing
oncoming traffic. Do not walk or jog
on any freeway where signs tell youthat pedestrians are not allowed. Do
not walk or jog in a bike lane unlessthere is no sidewalk. At night, makeyourself more visible by:• Wearing white, light, or reflective
material clothing.
• Carrying a flashlight.

New Technology

Your vehicle may have technology that allows you to have cell phone
conversations or play music from an electronic wireless communications
device. With the increase of such technologies, it is important to remainaware of road conditions and avoid driving distractions. Here are sometips to reduce technological distractions:• Do not input navigation instructions while driving.
• Do not adjust music or other electronic wireless communications
devices while driving.
• For navigation devices, use the audio navigation function when possible.
Note: Technology, such as backup cameras and self-parking, cannot
solely be used on a driving test. The purpose of a driving test is to ensure
your ability to drive.

– 25 –

OCCUPANT PROTECTION
Seat Belts

Wearing seat belts is the law. Always
fasten your seat belt and make sure all yourpassengers are using seat belts or child
restraints. Wearing seat belts (both lap belt
and shoulder harness) will increase your•" N ~ t i - ,_ _ ca,chance of survival in most types of collisions.
'-ig,.,..-.,.a,11,odrw'l,oldo;
It is important to wear the seat belt correctly. 1 ....,-.ldfntbothrft,,_.i•lho• A shoulder harness is worn across the 2 ..... W l ! M d l - l l l d i . -N~l!ill;shoulder and chest with minimal, if any,slack. The shoulder harness should not beCA~worn under the arm or behind the back.
Wearing the harness the wrong way could
cause serious internal injuries in a collision.
• The lap belt should be adjusted so that it issnug and lies low across your hips after fastening. Otherwise, in a crash,
you could slide out of the belt, resulting in injury or death.
• Pregnant women should wear the lap belt as low as possible under theabdomen, and the shoulder strap should be placed between the breasts
and to the side of the abdomen’s bulge.
You and all passengers must wear a seat belt or you and/or your passenger(s)may be cited. If the passenger is under 16 years old, you may be cited ifthey are not wearing their seat belt.
The graphic illustrates what can happen in a collision. If you are struck
from the side, the impact could push you back and forth across the seat.
Seat belts and shoulder harnesses keep you in a better position to control
the vehicle and may minimize serious injuries. The graphic also illustrates
how, when you collide, your vehicle stops, but you keep going at the same
speed you were traveling, until you hit the dashboard or windshield.

---·'D ■ IYH

Child Restraint System and Safety SeatsYour child must be secured by either a federally-approved child passenger
restraint system or a safety belt depending on their height and age.
• Children under 2 years old must be secured in a rear-facing childpassenger restraint system unless the child is 40 pounds or more, or 3
feet 4 inches or taller.

– 26 –

• Children under 8 years old, or who are less than 4 feet 9 inches tall, must
be properly secured in a federally-approved child passenger restraint
system.
• Children under 8 years old may ride in the front seat of a vehicle in afederally-approved child passenger restraint system under the following
instances:— There is no rear seat.
— The rear seats are side-facing jump seats.
— The rear seats are rear-facing seats.
— The child passenger restraint system cannot be installed properlyin the rear seat.
— All rear seats are already occupied by children 7 years old or
younger.
— Medical reasons require the child to not ride in the back seat.
• A child may not ride in the front seat of an airbag equipped vehicle ifthey are in a rear-facing child passenger restraint system.
• Children who are 8 years old or older OR who have reached at least 4
feet 9 inches in height may use a properly secured safety belt meeting
federal standards.
Note: Child passenger restraint system installation may be checked bycontacting local law enforcement agencies and fire departments. As yourchild grows, check to see if the child passenger restraint system is the rightsize for your child.

Riding Safely with Air Bags

Air bags are a safety feature that help keep you safer than a seat belt
alone. Ride at least 10 inches (measured from the center of the steering
wheel to your breastbone) from the air bag cover, if you can do this while
maintaining full control of the vehicle. If you cannot safely sit 10 inches
away from the air bag, contact your vehicle dealer or manufacturer foradvice about additional ways of moving back from your air bag.
Passengers should also sit at least 10 inches away from the passenger-side
air bag.
Important: Children seated next to a side air bag may be at risk ofserious or fatal injury.

– 27 –

Unattended Children in Motor Vehicles

It is never a good idea to leave a child unattended in a vehicle. It is illegal
to leave a child 6 years old or younger unattended in a motor vehicle.
Note: A child may be left under the supervision of a person 12 years old
or older.

Distracted Driving

Anything that prevents you from operating your vehicle safely is a
distraction. The following are the 3 types of driver distractions:• Visual—Eyes off the road.
• Cognitive—Mind off the road.
• Manual—Hands off the steering wheel.
Some actions that cause distracted driving and lead to vehicle collisionsare:• Using a handheld device (for example, cell phone or music device).
• Reaching for an object inside the vehicle.
• Looking at an object or event outside of the vehicle.
• Reading.
• Eating.
• Applying cosmetics (makeup).
More information regarding collisions and distractions can be found in
the Driver Distractions (FFDL 28) Fast Facts brochure.

Hot Weather Risks

It is dangerous and illegal to leave children (CVC §15620) and/or animals
in a hot vehicle. After sitting in the sun, even if a window is slightly
opened, the temperature can rise rapidly inside a parked vehicle.
Dehydration, heat stroke, and death can result from overexposure to theheat. California Penal Code §597.7 prohibits leaving or confining an
animal in an unattended motor vehicle under conditions that endanger
the health or well-being of an animal due to heat.

– 28 –

TRAFFIC CONTROLS
Traffic Signal Lights

Solid Red–A red traffic signal light means “STOP.” You canmake a right turn against a red traffic signal light after you stop.
Yield to pedestrians, bicyclists, and vehicles close enough to be ahazard. Make the right turn only when it is safe. Do not turn if a
“NO TURN ON RED” sign is posted.
Red Arrow–A red arrow means “STOP.” Remain stopped until
the green signal or green arrow appears. Do not turn against a
red arrow.
Flashing Red–A flashing red traffic signal light means “STOP.”
After stopping, you may proceed when it is safe. Observe theright-of-way rules.
Solid Yellow–A yellow traffic signal light means “CAUTION.”
The red traffic signal light is about to appear. When you see theyellow traffic signal light, stop if you can do so safely. If you
cannot stop safely, cross the intersection cautiously.
Yellow Arrow–A yellow arrow means the “protected” turning
time period is ending. Be prepared to obey the next traffic signal
light, which could be the green or red traffic signal light or red
arrow.
Flashing Yellow–A flashing yellow traffic signal light warns
you to “PROCEED WITH CAUTION.” Slow down and be alert
before entering the intersection. Yield to any pedestrians,
bicyclists, or vehicles in the intersection. You do not need to stop
for a flashing yellow traffic signal light.
Flashing Yellow Arrow–This traffic signal light means turns
are permitted (unprotected), but you must first yield to oncoming
traffic and pedestrians and then proceed with caution.
Solid Green–Give the right-of-way to any vehicle, bicyclist,or pedestrian in the intersection. A green traffic signal lightmeans “GO.” If you are turning left, make the turn only if
you have enough space to complete the turn before creating a
hazard for any oncoming vehicle, bicyclist, or pedestrian. Do not enter theintersection if you cannot get completely across before the traffic signal
light turns red. If you block the intersection, you can be cited.

•
■
•0
•

– 29 –

Green Arrow–A green arrow means “GO.” You must turn inthe direction the arrow is pointing after you yield to any vehicle,
bicyclist, or pedestrian still in the intersection. The green arrow
allows you to make a “protected” turn. Oncoming vehicles, bicyclists, andpedestrians are stopped by a red traffic signal light as long as the green
arrow is lighted.
Traffic Signal Light Not Working (Blackout)–The traffic signal light is
not working and/or no lights are showing on the signal. Proceed cautiously
as if the intersection is controlled by “STOP” signs in all directions.

Pedestrian Signal Lights

Pedestrian traffic signal lights show words or pictures similar to thefollowing examples:“Walk” or “Walking Person” pedestrian traffic signal lightmeans it is legal to cross the street.
“Don’t Walk” or “Raised Hand” pedestrian traffic signal lightmeans you may not start crossing the street.
Flashing “Don’t Walk” or Flashing “Raised Hand” traffic
signal light means do not start crossing the street because thetraffic signal light is about to change. If a pedestrian begins
crossing the street after the traffic signal light starts flashing, wait
until the pedestrian(s) has crossed the street before proceeding.
Pedestrian traffic signal lights may also show numbers to indicate how
many seconds remain for crossing. These pedestrian traffic signal lights
allow pedestrians the flexibility to speed up if the crossing phase is about
to expire.
Pedestrian Phases (also called Pedestrian Scrambles)
are a series of crisscross, diagonal crosswalks that allow
pedestrians to cross in any direction at the same time,
including diagonally across the intersection. These signals
stop all vehicle traffic during the scramble phase. Somepedestrian traffic signal lights may provide a beeping or chirping soundor a verbal message. These traffic signal lights are designed to help blindor visually-impaired pedestrians cross the street.
At many traffic signal lights, you need to push the pedestrian button toactivate the “Walk” or “Walking Person” pedestrian traffic signal light.
If there are no pedestrian signals, obey the vehicle traffic signal lights.

[cm]
[II]

II
■

– 30 –

Traffic Signs

The shape and color of a sign offers you a clue about the
information contained on the sign. Here are the common
shapes used:
An 8-sided red STOP sign indicates that you must make afull “STOP” whenever you see this sign. Stop at the white
STOP
limit line (a wide white line painted on the street) or before
entering the crosswalk. If a limit line or crosswalk is notpainted on the street, stop before entering the intersection.
Check traffic in all directions before proceeding.
A 3-sided red YIELD sign indicates that you must slow
down and be ready to stop, if necessary, to let any vehicle,
bicyclist, or pedestrian pass before you proceed.
A square red and white regulatory sign indicates that you
DO NOT
must follow the sign’s instruction. For example, the DO NOTENTER sign means do not enter a road or off ramp where
ENTER
the sign is posted (usually on a freeway off ramp). The
WRONG WAY sign may or may not be posted with the DO
NOT ENTER sign. If you see one or both of these signs, WRONG
WAY
drive to the side of the road and stop. You are going against
traffic. When safe, back out or turn around and return to theroad you were on. At night if you are going the wrong way,
the road reflectors will shine red in your headlights.
A sign that has a red circle with a red line through it always
indicates “NO.” The picture inside the circle shows what you
cannot do. The sign may be shown with or without words.
A yellow and black circular sign or an x-shaped sign indicatesthat you are approaching a railroad crossing. You must look,Rlisten, slow down, and prepare to stop, if necessary. Let any R
trains pass before you proceed. Many railroad crossings will
also have a blue and white sign to indicate what to do if there
is an emergency on or near the tracks, or if your vehicle has
stalled on the tracks.
A 5-sided sign indicates that you are near a school. Stop if
children are in the crosswalk.
A 4-sided diamond-shaped sign warns you of specific roadconditions and dangers ahead. Many warning signs are
diamond-shaped.

– 31 –

Red and White Regulatory Signs

No U-turnNo Left Turn

No Right TurnWhite Regulatory Signs
PEDESTRIANSBICYCLESMOTOR-DRIVENCYCLESPROHIBITED

TWO WAYNO

TRAFFICPARKING

AHEAD

TIME

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LEFT TURNYIELDON GREEN

s

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YIELD

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WAY

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TRAFFICKEEP !

55

KEEP
RIGHT

RIGHT

INTERSECTION

LIMIT

➔

EMERGENCY
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ONLY

[l] ~
IrJ~~
sI
DO NOT
STOP
ON
TRACKS

Highway Construction and Maintenance Signs

Guide Signs

Slow Moving Vehicle

Hazardous Loads Placards

Q– 32 –

Warning Signs

1>
4r>

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Slippery
When Wet<ff;
DividedHighway

MergingTraffic

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Sharp
Turn

<()>
Lane
Ends

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End Divided
Highway

Traffic
Signal
Ahead

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Crossing

Stop Ahead

Crossroad~w~

Directional
Arrow

Yield Ahead

w

Curve

¢

Winding
Road“T”
Intersection

For more information visit
dot.ca.gov– 33 –

A white rectangular sign indicates that you must obey important rules.
Some warning signs have a fluorescent yellow-green background. Thesesigns warn of conditions related to pedestrians, bicyclists, schools,
playgrounds, school buses, and school passenger loading zones. Obey all
warning signs regardless of their shape or color (refer to pages 32 and
33 for examples).

LAWS AND RULES OF THE ROAD
Right-of-Way Rules
General Information
Never assume other drivers will give you the right-of-way. Respecting
the right-of-way of others is not limited to situations such as yielding topedestrians in crosswalks, or watching carefully to ensure the right-ofway of bicyclists and motorcyclists. Yield your right-of-way when it helps
to prevent collisions.
Pedestrians
A pedestrian is a person on foot or who uses a conveyance such as rollerskates, skateboard, etc., other than a bicycle. A pedestrian can also be a
person with a disability using a tricycle, quadricycle, or wheelchair fortransportation.
• If you approach a pedestrian crossing at a corner or other crosswalk,even if the crosswalk is in the middle of the block, at a corner with orwithout traffic signal lights, whether or not the crosswalk is marked bypainted lines, you are required to exercise caution and reduce yourspeed, or stop if necessary, to ensure the safety of the pedestrian.
• Do not pass a vehicle stopped at a crosswalk.
A pedestrian you cannot see may becrossing the street. Stop and proceed when
all pedestrians have crossed the street.
• Do not drive on a sidewalk, except to crossit to enter or exit a driveway or alley. Whencrossing, yield to all pedestrians.
• Do not stop in a crosswalk. You will place pedestrians in danger.
• Remember, if a pedestrian makes eye contact with you, they are readyto cross the street. Yield to the pedestrian.

– 34 –

• Allow sufficient time to cross the street for:— Older pedestrians.
— Disabled pedestrians.
— Pedestrians with young children.
• Obey signs pertaining to pedestrians. Examples include:• When a blind person pulls in their cane and steps
STATE
LAW
away from the intersection, this gesture usuallymeans for you to go (additional information
regarding blind pedestrians can be found on page
80).
WITH•
Important: Blind pedestrians rely on the sound ofyour vehicle to become aware of your vehicle’s presence, and the sound of
the pedestrian signal to know when they are able to safely cross the street.
It is important that you stop your vehicle within 5 feet of the crosswalk.
Drivers of hybrid or electric vehicles must remain especially aware thatthe lack of engine or electric motor noise may cause a blind pedestrian toassume there is not a vehicle nearby.

l ~00
CROSSWALK

Crosswalks
A crosswalk is the part of the roadway set aside for pedestrian traffic.
When required to stop because of a sign or signal, you must stop
before the stop line, crosswalk, stop sign, or signal. You must yield topedestrians entering or in a crosswalk. Not all crosswalks are marked.
If there is a stop line before the crosswalk, the stop line must be obeyed
first. Although pedestrians have the right-of-way, they also must abideby the rules of the road. If you approach a crosswalk while driving, you
are required to exercise caution and reduce your speed to safeguard thepedestrian. You may need to stop to ensure the safety of the pedestrian,as outlined in CVC §21950. Crosswalks are often marked with whitelines. Yellow crosswalk lines may be painted at school crossings. Somecrosswalks have flashing lights to warn you that pedestrians may becrossing. Look for pedestrians and be prepared to stop, whether or not
the lights are flashing.
Intersections
An intersection is any place where one line of roadway meets anotherroadway. Intersections include cross streets, side streets, alleys, freeway
entrances, and any other location where vehicles traveling on different
highways or roads join each other.
– 35 –

• At intersections without “STOP” or “YIELD” signs, slow down and be
ready to stop. Yield to traffic and pedestrians already in the intersection
or just entering the intersection. Also, yield to the vehicle or bicycle that
arrives first, or to the vehicle or bicycle on your right if it reaches theintersection at the same time as you.
• At “T” intersections without “STOP” or “YIELD” signs, yield to traffic
and pedestrians on the through road. They have the right-of-way.
• When you turn left, give the right-of-way to all vehicles approachingthat are close enough to be dangerous. Also, look for motorcyclists,
bicyclists, and pedestrians.
Safety suggestion: While waiting to turn left, keep your wheels pointed
straight ahead until it is safe to start your turn. If your wheels are pointed
to the left, and a vehicle hits you from behind, you could be pushed into
oncoming traffic.
• When you turn right, be sure to check for pedestrians who want to crossthe street and bicyclists riding next to you.
• On divided highways or highways with several lanes, watch for vehicles
coming in any lane you cross. Turn either left or right only when it is safe.
• When there are “STOP” signs at all corners, stop first and then follow
the rules listed above.
• If you park on the side of the road or are leaving a parking lot, etc., yield
to traffic before reentering the road.

Roundabouts
A roundabout is an intersection wheretraffic travels around a central island in acounter-clockwise direction. Vehicles orbicycles entering or exiting the roundaboutmust yield to all traffic including
pedestrians.
Driving in a roundabout:• Slow down as you approach theroundabout.
• Yield to pedestrians and bicyclists Multiple and single laneroundaboutcrossing the roadway.
• Watch for signs and/or pavement
markings that guide or prohibit certain movements.
• Enter the roundabout (heading to the right) when there is a big enoughgap in traffic to merge safely.
– 36 –

• Travel in a counter-clockwise direction. Do not stop or pass.
• Signal when you change lanes or exit the roundabout.
• If you miss your exit, continue around until you return to your exit. For
roundabouts with multiple lanes, choose your entry or exit lane basedon your destination as shown in the graphic.

On Mountain Roads
When 2 vehicles meet on a steep road where neither vehicle can pass, thevehicle facing downhill must yield the right-of-way by backing up untilthe vehicle going uphill can pass. The vehicle facing downhill has thegreater amount of control when backing up the hill.

Speed Limits

California’s “Basic Speed Law” means that you may never drive fasterthan is safe for current conditions.
Regardless of the posted speed limit, your speed should depend on:• The number and speed of other vehicles on the road.
• Whether the road surface is smooth, rough, graveled, wet, dry, wide,or narrow.
• Bicyclists or pedestrians on or crossing the roadway.
• Whether it is raining, foggy, snowing, windy, or dusty.
Note: Unless otherwise posted, the maximum speed limit is 55 mph on a
two-lane undivided highway and for vehicles towing trailers.

Reduced Speeds
Heavy Traffic or Bad Weather
You must drive slower when there is heavy traffic or bad weather.
However, if you block the normal and reasonable movement of traffic bydriving too slowly, you may be cited. If you choose to drive slower thanother traffic, do not drive in the “Number 1 Lane” (fast lane) (refer to the“Choosing a Lane” section on page 47). When another driver is closebehind you and wishes to drive faster, you should move to the right.
Towing Vehicles, Buses, or Large Trucks
When you tow a vehicle or trailer, or drive a bus or 3 or more axle truck,
you must drive in the right most lane or in a lane specially marked for
slower vehicles. If no lanes are marked and there are 4 lanes or more inyour direction, you may only drive in either of the 2 lanes closest to theright edge of the road. Pedestrians, bicyclists, or other vehicles alongside
you may experience sudden strong winds when passing or being passed.

– 37 –

Slow down and pass safely, and pass only at a safe distance (3 feet or more
for bicyclists).
Around Children
When driving within 500 to 1,000 feet of a school while children are
outside or crossing the street, the speed limit is 25 mph unless otherwise
posted. Also, if the school grounds have no fence and children are outside,
never drive faster than 25 mph. Some school zones may have speed limits
as low as 15 mph. Near schools, look for:• Bicyclists and pedestrians.
• School safety patrols or crossing
guards. Be sure to obey theirdirections. For the crossing guard’s
safety, allow them to safely get tothe side of the road before driving
ahead.
• Stopped school buses and children
crossing the street. Some schoolbuses f lash yellow lights when
All vehicles must stop.
preparing to stop to let children off
the bus. The yellow flashing lights warn you to slow down and prepare
to stop. When the bus flashes red lights (located at the top front andback of the bus), you must stop from either direction until the children
are safely across the street and the lights stop flashing. The law requires
you remain stopped as long as the red lights are flashing (CVC §22454).
If you fail to stop, you may be fined up to $1,000 and your driving
privilege could be suspended for 1 year. If the school bus is on theother side of a divided or multilane highway (two or more lanes in eachdirection), you do not need to stop.

– 38 –

WHEN

RED LIGHTSARE FLASHING

THERE IS NO PASSINGIN EITHER DIRECTION

Let’s keep
our kids safe,
California!

Blind Intersections
The speed limit for a blind intersection is 15 mph. An intersection isconsidered “blind” if there are no stop signs at any corner and you cannot
see for 100 feet in either direction during the last 100 feet before crossing.
If your view is blocked, move slowly forward until you can see.
Alleys
The speed limit in any alley is 15 mph.
Near Railroad Tracks
The speed limit is 15 mph within 100 feet of a railroad crossing where
you cannot see the tracks for 400 feet in both directions. You may drive
faster than 15 mph if the crossing is controlled by gates, a warning signal,
or a flagman.
At railroad or train crossings:• Look in both directions and listen
for trains. Many crossings havemultiple tracks; so, be ready to stop
1.
before crossing, if necessary. Cross
railroad tracks only at designatedcrossings and only when it is safe
to do so.
2.
• Expect a train on any track, at any
time, traveling in either direction. If 1. No 2. Yes
you need to stop after crossing the
tracks, wait until you can completely cross the tracks before proceeding.
Make sure your vehicle clears the tracks before you stop.
• Never stop on the railroad tracks. If you are on the tracks, you risk
injury or death.
• Watch for vehicles that must stop before they cross train tracks. Thesevehicles include buses, school buses, and trucks transporting hazardous
loads.
• Remember that flashing red traffic signal lights mean STOP! Stop at
least 15 feet, but no more than 50 feet, from the nearest track when the
crossing devices are active or a person warns you a train is coming.
Stop if you see a train coming or you hear the whistle, horn, or bell ofan approaching train.
• Do not go under lowering gates or around lowered gates. Flashing red
warning lights indicate you must stop and wait. Do not proceed over therailroad tracks until the red lights stop flashing, even if the gate rises.

– 40 –

If the gates are lowered and you do not see a train approaching, call theposted railroad emergency toll-free number or 9-1-1. Be ready to give a
detailed description of your location.
Light-Rail Transit Vehicle Crossings
The same rules apply to light-rail transit vehicle crossings as to train
crossings.
Note: Light-rail transit vehicles are very quiet and accelerate more
quickly than trains.
Near Streetcars, Trolleys, or Buses
The passing speed limit, when safe
to pass, is no more than 10 mph. This
speed limit applies at a safety zone
or intersection where a streetcar,
trolley, or bus is stopped and traffic
is controlled by a peace officer ortraffic signal light. A safety zone ismarked by raised buttons or markers
on the road and set aside for pedestrians. You will most often see safetyzones in areas where street cars or trolleys and vehicles share the roadway.
Business or Residential Districts
The speed limit is 25 mph, unless otherwise posted.
Near Animals
If you see a sign with a picture of an animal (see example), be alert forpossible animals in or near the roadway. If you see animals or livestocknear the roadway, slow down and proceed with caution. Be sure to follow
directions from the person in charge of the animals. If you see
a stray animal in your path, slow down or stop if it’s safe. Do
not swerve as you may lose control of your vehicle and cause
an accident. Be aware of sudden movements from the animals
as they are unpredictable and may run into the roadway.

– 41 –

VISUAL SEARCH
Scanning

Scanning your surroundings (keeping your eyes moving) includes keeping
a safe distance around your vehicle. When another driver makes a mistake,you need time to react. Give yourself this reaction time by keeping enoughspace on all sides of your vehicle. This space will give you room to brakeor maneuver if necessary.

Know What Is Ahead
To avoid last minute moves, scan the road
10–15 seconds ahead of your vehicle so
you can see hazards early. Constantly
staring at the vehicle or road right in frontof your vehicle is dangerous. As you scanahead, be alert for vehicles around you.
Use your mirrors. Know what is behindyou, so you can prepare for what is ahead.
Take in the whole scene–If you only Know the areas of your vehicle.
look at the middle of the road, you will Green is What Is Ahead. Blue ismiss what is happening on the side of the What Is At Your Side. Yellow is
Blind Spots/No Zones. Red isroad and behind you. Scanning helps you What Is Behind You.
to see:• C a r s , m o t o r c ycle s , bic ycle s ,pedestrians, and animals that may bein the road by the time you reach them.
• Signs warning of problems ahead.
• Signs giving you directions.
Before changing lanes, look into your The shaded areas are your blind
rearview mirror for nearby vehicles and spots.
over your shoulder to check for blind
spots (see the yellow area in the image
above).
Watch for hazards–Look beyond the vehicle ahead of you. Do notdevelop a “fixed stare.” Check your rearview mirrors so you know theposition of vehicles near you. On the freeway, be ready for changes intraffic conditions. Watch for signals from other drivers. Expect merging
vehicles at onramps and interchanges. Be prepared for rapid changes in– 42 –

road conditions and traffic flow. Know which lanes are clear so you can
use them, if necessary.
Do not be a tailgater! Many drivers follow too closely (tailgate) andare not able to see as far ahead as they should because the vehicle ahead
blocks their view.
If a vehicle merges in front of you too closely, take your foot off theaccelerator. This gives space between you and the vehicle ahead, without
having to slam on your brakes or swerve into another lane. To avoid
tailgating, use the “3 second rule”: when the vehicle ahead of you passes
a certain point, such as a sign, count “one-thousand-one, one-thousandtwo, one-thousand-three.” This takes approximately 3 seconds. If you pass
the same point before you finish counting, you are following too closely.
You should allow for more space when:• A tailgater is behind you. Allow extra space ahead and do not brakesuddenly. Slow down gradually or merge into another lane to prevent acollision with the tailgater!
• Driving on slippery roads.
• Following motorcyclists or bicyclists on wet or icy roads, metal
surfaces (for example, bridge gratings, railroad tracks, etc.), and gravel.
Motorcyclists and bicyclists can fall easily on these surfaces.
• The driver behind you wants to pass. Allow room in front of your vehicle
so the driver will have space to move in front of you.
• Towing a trailer or carrying a heavy load. The extra weight makes it
harder to stop.
• Following large vehicles that block your view ahead. The extra space
allows you to see around the vehicle.
• You see a bus, school bus, or a placarded vehicle at railroad crossings.
These vehicles must stop at railroad crossings.
• Merging onto a freeway.

Know What Is at Your SideAny time you come to a place where people may cross or enter your pathor a line of traffic meets another, you should look to the left and rightsides of your vehicle to make sure no one is coming. Always look to eachside of your vehicle at intersections, crosswalks, and railroad crossings.
At intersections:• Look both ways even if other traffic has a red traffic signal light or astop sign.
– 43 –

— Look to the left first, since vehicles coming from the left are closer
to you than vehicles coming from the right.
— Look to the right.
— Take one more look to the left in case there is a pedestrian, bicyclist,
or vehicle you did not see the first time.
• Do not rely on traffic signal lights. Some drivers do not obey traffic
signal lights. Before you enter an intersection, look left, right, and ahead
for approaching traffic.
To maintain enough space on each side of your vehicle:• Do not stay in another driver’s blind spot. The other driver may not see
your vehicle and could change lanes and hit you.
• Avoid driving directly alongside other vehicles on multilane streets withor without traffic in the opposite direction. Another driver might crowd
your lane or change lanes without looking and crash into you. Drive
either ahead of or behind the other vehicle.
• If possible and when safe, make room for vehicles entering freeways
even though you have the right-of-way.
• At freeway exits, do not drive alongside other vehicles. A driver may
decide to exit suddenly or swerve back onto the freeway.
• Keep a space between your vehicle and parked vehicles. Someone may
step out from between them, a vehicle door may open, or a vehicle may
pull out suddenly.
• Be careful when driving near motorcyclists or bicyclists. Always leaveplenty of room between your vehicle and any motorcyclists or bicyclists.

Know What Is Behind You
It is very important to check behind you before you:
• Change lanes. Look over your shoulder to make sure you are not gettingin the way of vehicles in the lane you want to enter.
• Reduce your speed. Take a quick look in your mirrors. Also, check yourmirrors when preparing to turn into a side road or driveway, and when
stopping to pull into a parking space.
• Drive down a long or steep hill. Watch for large vehicles because they
can gather speed very quickly.
• Back up. Backing up is always dangerous because it is hard to seebehind your vehicle. When you are backing out of a parking space:— Check in front and behind the vehicle before you get in.
— Know where your kids are. Make sure they are away from yourvehicle and in full view before moving your vehicle.
– 44 –

— If other children are nearby, make sure you can see them before
backing up.
— Do not depend only on your mirrors or only looking out a side
window.
— Turn and look over your right and left shoulders before you
begin backing. As a safety measure, look over your right and leftshoulders again while backing.
— Back slowly to avoid collisions.
Check traffic behind you often to know if you are being tailgated (anotherdriver is following too closely). If you are being tailgated, be careful!
Brake slowly before stopping. Tap your brakes lightly a few times to warn
the tailgater you are slowing down. “Lose” the tailgater as soon as you
can. Change lanes and allow the tailgater to pass you, or slow down toallow enough space between you and the car in front of you. If this does
not work, pull off the road when it is safe and let the tailgater pass.

How Well Can You Stop?

If something is in your path, you need to see it in time to stop. Assuming
you have good tires, brakes, and dry pavement:• At 55 mph, it takes about 400 feet to react and bring your vehicle to acomplete stop.
• At 35 mph, it takes about 210 feet to react and bring your vehicle to acomplete stop.
Adjust your driving speed to the weather and road conditions (refer to the“Basic Speed Law” in the “Speed Limits” section on page 37). Turnon your lights during the day, if it is hard to see or you cannot see at least
1,000 feet ahead of you.

– 45 –

LANE CONTROLLine Colors

Examples of lane markings:
Solid yellow lines mark the center ofa road used for two-way traffic.
Broken yellow lines indicate thatyou may pass if the broken line is
next to your driving lane.
Two solid yellow lines indicate no
passing. Never drive to the left of (1) Solid yellow line: No passing if thesolid yellow line is on your side.
these lines unless you are:(2) Double solid lines: DO NOT pass.
• In a carpool lane/high occupancy(3) Broken yellow line: May pass if
vehicle (HOV) lane that has amovement can be made safely.
designated entrance on the left.
• Instructed by construction or other signs to drive on the other side of theroad because your side of the road is closed or blocked.
• Turning left across a single set of double yellow lines to enter or exit adriveway or private road, or make a U-turn.
Two sets of solid double yellow lines
spaced 2 feet or more apart are
Bconsidered a barrier. Do not drive onor over this barrier, make a left turn, ora U-turn across it, except at designatedopenings (see diagram).
Solid white lines mark traffic lanes going in the same direction, such as
one-way streets.
Broken white lines separate traffic lanes on roads with two or more lanesin the same direction.
Double white lines are two solid white lines that indicate a lane barrier
between a regular use and a preferential use lane, such as a carpool/HOV.
Never change lanes while in these lanes; wait until a single broken whiteline appears. You may also see these parallel lines in or near freeway on
and off ramps.

– 46 –

Choosing a Lane

Traffic lanes are often referred to Example of numbered traffic lanes:by number. The left or “fast” lane iscalled the “Number 1 Lane.” The laneto the right of the “Number 1 Lane”
is called the “Number 2 Lane,” andthen the “Number 3 Lane,” etc. Drivein the lane with the smoothest flow of traffic. If you can choose among
three lanes, pick the middle lane for the smoothest driving. To drive faster,pass, or turn left, use the left lane. When you choose to drive slowly, enteror exit traffic on the right, turn right, park, or move off the road, use theright lane. If there are only two lanes in your direction, pick the right lane
for the smoothest driving. Do not weave in and out of traffic. Stay in one
lane as much as possible. Once you start through an intersection, keep
going. If you start to make a turn, follow through. Last minute changes
may cause collisions. If you miss a turn, continue until you can safely andlegally turn around.

Changing Lanes

Changing lanes includes:• Moving from one lane to another.
• Entering the freeway from an onramp.
• Entering the road from a curb or the shoulder.
Before changing lanes, signal, look in all your mirrors, and:• Check traffic behind and beside you.
• Look over your shoulder in the direction you plan to move to make surethe lane you want is clear.
• Check for vehicles, motorcyclists, and bicycle traffic in your blind spot.
• Be sure there is enough room for your vehicle in the next lane.

Passing Lanes

Before you pass, look ahead for road conditions and traffic that may cause
other vehicles to move into your lane. Never drive off the paved or maintraveled portion of the road or on the shoulder to pass. The edge of themain-traveled portion of the road may have a painted white line on theroad’s surface. Passing other vehicles at crossroads, railroad crossings,
and shopping center entrances is dangerous.
Pass traffic on the left. You may pass on the right only when:– 47 –

• An open highway is clearly marked for two or more lanes of travel inyour direction.
• The driver ahead of you is turning left and you do not drive off the
roadway to pass. Never pass on the left if the driver is signaling a left
turn.

Carpool/High-Occupancy Vehicles (HOV) Lanes

An HOV lane is a special lane used only for carpools, buses,
motorcycles, or decaled low-emission vehicles. You may use
a carpool/HOV lane or onramp if your vehicle carries the
HOV 2+
posted minimum number of people required for the carpool 2 OR MORE
ONLY
lane, or you drive a low emission or a zero emission vehicle
displaying a special DMV-issued decal. If you operate a WHEN METERED
low emission, zero emission, and/or hybrid vehicle, you
may be exempt from all toll charges on high occupancy
toll (HOT) lanes. Motorcyclists may use designated carpool/HOV lanes,
unless otherwise posted. Signs at the onramp or along the freeway tell you
the minimum number of people per vehicle required for the carpool/HOV
lane(s). These signs also list the days of the week and the hours when the
carpool/HOV requirement applies. The pavement in this lane is marked
with a diamond symbol and the words “Carpool Lane.” These lanes arealso known as HOV lanes. Do not cross over double parallel solid lines toenter or exit any carpool/HOV lane except at designated entry or exit places.

jCenter Left Turn Lanes– 48 –

BIKE
LANE

BIKE
LANE

A center left turn lane is located in
the middle of a two-way street and ismarked on both sides by two paintedlines. The inner line is broken and theouter line is solid. If a street has a center
left turn lane, you must use it to prepare
for or make a left turn, or prepare for or make a permitted U-turn (CVC
§21460.5 (c)). You may only drive for 200 feet in the center left turn lane.
This lane is not a regular traffic lane or a passing lane. To turn left fromthis lane, signal, look over your shoulder, and drive completely inside thecenter left turn lane. Do not stop with the back of your vehicle blocking
traffic. Make sure the lane is clear in both directions and then turn only
when it is safe. Look for vehicles coming toward you in the same lane,
preparing to start their left turn. When turning left from a side street or
driveway, signal and wait until it is safe. Then you may drive into thecenter left turn lane. Enter traffic only when it is safe.

Turnout Areas and Lanes

Special “turnout” areas are sometimes marked on two-laneroads. Drive into these areas to allow cars behind you to pass.
Some two-lane roads have passing lanes. If you are driving
slowly on a two-lane highway or road where passing is unsafe,and 5 or more vehicles are following, you must drive into theturnout areas or lanes to let the vehicles pass.

SLOWER
TRAFFICUSE
TURNOUTS

End-of-Lane Markings

Freeway lanes, as well as some city street
lanes, which are ending will usually bemarked by large broken lines painted
on the pavement. If you are driving in alane marked with these broken lines, beprepared to exit the freeway or the lane
to end. Look for a sign that tells you toexit or merge, etc.

Yield Lines

Yield lines, also known as “shark’s teeth,” consist of a lineof solid white triangles across a lane of traffic pointing
towards approaching vehicles. This line indicates thepoint where the vehicle must yield/stop.

Bicycle Lanes

A bicycle lane is a designated traffic lane
for bicyclists defined by pavement markingsand signage. Bicycle lanes are sometimes
painted a bright green color to increase
visibility. There are multiple classes andtypes of bicycle lanes, including:• Bike Lane
— Established along streets adjacent tovehicle traffic, typically defined by a single solid white line thatturns into a dashed line near an intersection.
• Buffered Bike Lane
— Provides greater separation from the adjacent vehicle traffic, as
well as on-street parking, by using chevron or diagonal markings.

– 49 –

• Bike Route— A designated preferred route for bicyclists on streets shared withvehicle traffic, established by placing bike route signs and/or shared
roadway markings.
• Bicycle Boulevard— A designated preferred route for bicyclists on streets shared withvehicle traffic, intended to prioritize bicycle travel.
• Separated Bikeway— Also known as a cycle track or protected bike lane, for the exclusive
use of bicyclists, and physically separated from vehicle traffic. The
separation may include flexible posts, grade separation, inflexible
barriers, or on-street parking.
• Shared Roadway Bicycle Markings (Sharrows)— Alerts traffic that bicyclists are allowed
to occupy this travel lane. When usedappropriately, sharrows can also help
bicyclists to maintain a safe lane position.
It is illegal to drive in a bicycle lane unless parking (where permitted),entering or leaving the roadway, or turning (within 200 feet of theintersection). Drivers of motorized bicycles should use caution to avoid
bicyclists, and use bike lanes at a speed that is reasonable and does notendanger the safety of bicyclists.

TURNS

Left turns–To make a left turn, drive Example of a left turn:close to the center divider line or into
the left turn lane. Begin signalingA
about 100 feet before the turn. Lookover your left shoulder and reduce
your speed. Stop behind the limit line. A. Do not cut corner
Look left, right, and then left again,
and make the turn when it is safe. When you turn left, do not turn too
soon and “cut the corner” of the lane belonging to the vehicles coming
towards you.
Important: Keep your wheels pointed straight ahead until it is safe tostart your turn. If your wheels are pointed to the left and a vehicle hits you
from behind, you could be pushed into oncoming traffic. A left turnagainst a red light can only be made from a one-way street onto a one-way
street. Signal and stop for a red traffic light at the marked limit line. If– 50 –

there is no limit line, stop before entering the crosswalk. If there is nocrosswalk, stop before entering the intersection. You may turn left into aleft-moving, one-way street if there is no sign to prohibit the turn. Yield
to pedestrians, bicyclists, or other vehicles moving on their green light.
Right turns–To make a right turn, Example of a right turn:drive close to the right edge of the1.
road. If there is a bike lane, drive
into the bike lane no more than 200
feet before the turn. Watch forp e de st r ia n s , bicycl ist s , ormotorcyclists who may get 1. Do not turn wide
between your vehicle and the curb.
"" ""t"' ""t"' ""~" ""t"' "f'"" ""~"""~"""I""""""""
Begin signaling about 100 feet
before the turn. Look over yourright shoulder and reduce your } :::: :::f••••• ••• ··•i:::::::::~::::::I:::::: ::l:: ::::::I~:::::::::::::::::::::::::
speed. Stop behind the limit line.
•
·2p •
•4
O•
• 20·
O·
Look both ways and turn when it
is safe. Do not turn wide into 200 feet is over half the length of ananother lane. Complete your turn American football field.
in the right lane.
Public Transit Bus Lanes–It is illegal to drive, stop, park, or leave avehicle standing in the area of a road designated for the exclusive use of
public transit buses unless a vehicle must cross the lane to make a turn.
Signs will be posted to indicate the lanes are for “bus only” use.
Right turns against a red traffic signal light–Signal and stop for a
red traffic signal light at the marked limit line. If there is no limit line,
stop before entering the crosswalk. If there is no crosswalk, stop before
entering the intersection. You may turn right if there is no sign to prohibit
the turn. Yield to pedestrians, motorcyclists, bicyclists, or other vehicles
moving on their green traffic signal light.
Right turns onto a road with a dedicatedlane–You may make a right turn without
stopping if the road you are turning onto hasa nonmerging lane dedicated to right turning
vehicles, and there is no sign to prohibit a freeright turn. You may proceed without stopping,even if there is a red traffic signal light locatedwithin the island for vehicles proceeding straight through the intersection.
If there is a traffic signal light or sign on the right curb of the right turn

. . 1. i • 11111111111111111!1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111– 51 –

lane, you must follow the directions of that traffic signal light or sign.
Always yield to pedestrians within a crosswalk.
No turns against a red arrow–You may not turn right or left against a
red arrow.

Examples of Right and Left Turns

Numbers on the cars in the diagrams refer to numbered sentences onthese pages.
Always use your turn signals.
1. Left turn from a two-way street. Start the1
turn in the left lane closest to the middleof the street. Complete the turn, if safe, ineither lane of the cross street (shown by*2
1
the arrows). Use the center left turn lane if
one is available. A left turn may be madefrom the other lane, if permitted by signs
or arrows.
2. Right turn. Begin and end the turn in the lane nearest the right edge ofthe road. Do not swing wide into another lane of traffic. Watch forpedestrians, motorcyclists, and bicyclists between your vehicle and thecurb. Sometimes, signs or pavement markings will let you turn rightfrom another lane as shown by the graphic.
3. Left turn from a two-way street into a
one-way street. Start the turn from thelane closest to the middle of the street.
Turn into any lane that is safely open,
as shown by the arrows.
4. Left turn from a one-way street into a two-way street. Start the turnfrom the far left lane. Turn into either of the lanes that are safely open,
as shown by the arrows.
5. Left turn from a one-way street into a one-way street. Start the turnfrom the far left lane. Watch for pedestrians, motorcyclists, andbicyclists between your vehicle and the curb because they can legallyuse the left turn lane for their left turns. Turn into any lane that is safely
open, as shown by the arrows.

– 52 –

ywa

Legal U-Turnso ne

6. Right turn from a one-way street into a
one-way street. Start the turn in the far
right lane. If safe, you may end the turn in
any lane. Sometimes, signs or pavement
markings will let you turn right fromanother lane, as shown by the graphic.
7. Turn at a “T” intersection from a oneway street into a two-way street. Look
for through traffic that has the right-ofway. You may turn either right or leftfrom the center lane. Watch for vehicles,
motorcyclists, and bicyclists inside your
turn.

5

6

*

7

A U-turn is turning your vehicle around in the street to go back the way
you came. To make a U-turn, signal and use the far left lane or the center
left turn lane. You may make a legal U-turn:• Across a double yellow line when it is safe and legal.
• In a residential district:— If there are no vehicles approaching you within 200 feet.
— Whenever a traffic sign, light, or traffic signal light protects you
from approaching vehicles.
• At an intersection on a green traffic signal light or green arrow, unless
a “No U-turn” sign is posted.
• On a divided highway, only if an opening is provided in the center
divider.

– 53 –

THIS PAGE LEFTINTENTIONALLY BLANKTHIS PAGE LEFTINTENTIONALLY BLANK

Illegal U-Turns

Never make a U-turn:• At or on a railroad crossing.
• On a divided highway by crossing a dividing section, curb, strip of land,or two sets of double yellow lines.
• Where you cannot see clearly 200 feet in each direction because of acurve, hill, rain, fog, or other reason.
• Where a “No U-turn” sign is posted.
• When other vehicles may hit you.
• On a one-way street.
• In front of a fire station. Never use a fire station driveway to turn yourvehicle around.
• In business districts. Areas with churches, apartments, multifamily
housing units, and public buildings (except schools) are also considered
to be business districts. Turn only at an intersection, unless a signprohibits it, or where openings are provided for turns.

PARKING
Parking on a Hill

When you park:• On a sloping driveway,turn the wheels so thevehicle will not roll
into the street if the
Downhill: turn the wheels toward the curb.
brakes fail.
Uphill: turn the wheels away from the curb.
• Headed downhill, No curb: turn the wheels toward the shoulder oft u r n yo u r f r o nt the road.
wheels into the curb
or toward the side of the road. Set the parking brake.
• Headed uphill, turn your front wheels away from the curb and let yourvehicle roll back a few inches. The wheel should gently touch the curb.
Set the parking brake.
• Headed either uphill or downhill when there is no curb, turn the wheels
so the vehicle will roll away from the center of the road if the brakes fail.
Always set your parking brake and leave the vehicle in gear or in the“park” position.

– 56 –

Parallel Parking

Parallel parking is a driving technique Step 1
your car to a stop alongsidewhich allows you to park parallel to the Bringthe car at the front of the space.
road in line with other parked vehicles.
The steps below explain how to parallelpark safely.
1. Find a space. Look for a space atleast 3 feet longer than your vehicle.
When you find a space, signal thatyou intend to park.
2. Pull your vehicle alongside thespace or vehicle in front of where
you intend to park. Leave
approximately 2 feet between thevehicle or space next to you and stop
once your rear bumper is aligned to
the front of the space where youwant to park. Check your rearview mirror and look over your shoulder
for approaching vehicles. Keep your foot on the brake and put thevehicle in reverse. Maintain the signal.
3. Lift your foot off the brake. Before backing up, check your mirrors
and look over your shoulder for any hazards. Begin to back up, atapproximately a 45 degree angle.
Step 3Once the car is parallel with thecurb, pull forward to center yourcar within the space.

Step 2
Reverse into the space with a
S motion.

45°– 57 –

4. Straighten out. Begin turning the steering wheel away from the curbwhen your rear wheel is within 18 inches from the curb. You may needto pull forward and backward to straighten out. Your vehicle should
now be parallel and no further than 18 inches from the curb.

Parking at Colored Curbs

Painted colored curbs have the following special parking rules:
White–Stop only long enough to pick up or drop off passengers or mail.
Green–Park for a limited time. Look
for a posted sign next to the green zone
for time limits, or locate the time limit
painted on the curb.
Yellow–Stop no longer than the time
posted to load or unload passengers
or freight. Drivers of noncommercial
vehicles are usually required to stay withthe vehicle.
Red–No stopping, standing, or parking (buses may stop at a red zone
marked for buses).
Blue–Parking is permitted only for a disabled person or driverof a disabled person who displays a placard or special license
plate for disabled persons or disabled veterans. A crosshatched(diagonal lines) area adjacent to a designated disabled parking
space is a no parking area. For information or an application for disabled
person parking placards or special plates, visit dmv.ca.gov or call
1-800-777-0133.
Example of crosshatched
Note: Placard abuse results in the loss (diagonal lines) area:of special parking privileges. It is also amisdemeanor and punishable by a fineof up to $1,000, imprisonment in county
jail for up to 6 months, or both.
Examples of disabled person placard/
plate abuse:• Using a placard/plate after it has been reported lost or stolen without
reporting that the placard/plate was found.
• Loaning your placard/plate to friends or family members (disabled ornot).
• Interchanging placards with friends or family members.

– 58 –

• Using a placard/plate when the person it was issued to is not in thevehicle with you (disabled child, family member, employer, etc.).
• Using a deceased person’s placard/plate.
Note: You must return the placard/plate of a deceased disabled person
to a DMV field office or mail to:
DMV
PO Box 942869, MS D238
Sacramento, CA 94269-0001

Illegal Parking

Never park or leave your vehicle:• Where a “No Parking” sign is posted.
• On a marked or unmarked crosswalk, sidewalk, partially blocking asidewalk, or in front of a driveway.
• Within 3 feet of a sidewalk ramp for disabled persons or in front of oron a curb that provides wheelchair access to a sidewalk.
• In a disabled person parking space, unless you are disabled and display
a placard or disabled person license plates.
• In the space next to a disabled person parking space, if it is painted in acrosshatched (diagonal) pattern (CVC §22507.8(c)(2)).
• In a space designated for parking or fueling zero emission vehicles that
display an identifying decal, unless you are driving a zero emission
vehicle that you will charge in the space.
• In a tunnel or on a bridge, except where permitted by signs.
• Within 15 feet of a fire hydrant or fire station driveway.
• On or within 7½ feet of a railroad track.
• Between a safety zone and curb.
• “Double parked” (parking in the street when all legal parking places atthe curb are taken).
• On the wrong side of the street.
• At a red curb.
• On a freeway, except:— In an emergency.
— When a peace officer or device requires a stop.
— Where a stop is specifically permitted.

– 59 –

N oTE: If you must stop on a freeway, park completely off the pavement
and stay in your vehicle with the doors locked until help arrives. Leave
enough space for other vehicles to freely pass your vehicle. Your vehicle
should be visible for at least 200 feet in each direction. A vehicle (even if
disabled) that is stopped, parked, or left standing on a freeway for morethan 4 hours may be removed (eve§2265l(f)).

SPECIAL PARKING RULES• When you park alongside a curb on a level street, the front and backwheels must be parallel and within 18 inches of the curb. Park parallelto the street if there is no curb.
• Never leave your vehicle while the engine or the electric motor is stillrunning; stop the engine or the electric motor and set the parking brake.
• When you are ready to exit your vehicle, look carefully for passing
vehicles, bicyclists, and motorcyclists. Do not open the door unless it
is safe and you do not interfere with traffic. Do not leave the door open
longer than necessary.
• Disabled people with a placard or special plates may park in any parking
zone that is restricted as to the length of time parking
is permitted as indicated by a sign pursuant to a local
ordinance.
• Pursuant to eve §22511, a local authority, byordinance or resolution, may designate stalls or
spaces on a public street within its jurisdiction for the
exclusive purpose of charging and parking a vehicle
that is connected for electric charging purposes.
G66-21 B (CA)SAFEDRIVINGPRACTICESSIGNALING
Always signal when turning left or right,changing lanes, slowing down, or stopping.
Signaling lets other drivers, motorcyclists,
bicyclists, and pedestrians know your intentions.
Signals may be given by hand-and-arm positions
or using the vehicle's signal lights. If brightsunlight makes the signal lights hard to see, also
use hand-and-arm signals.

-60-

LEFT TURN RIGHT TURNSLOW OR STOP

Motorcyclists often use hand signals to make themselves more visible.
Bicyclists may give right turn signals with their right arm held straightout, pointing right.
Signal:• During the last 100 feet before reaching the turning point (left or rightturn).
• Before every lane change. Check your mirrors, look over your shoulder,and check your blind spot before changing lanes.
• At least 5 seconds before you change lanes on a freeway.
• Before pulling next to the curb or away from the curb.
• When you change directions.
• Even when you do not see other vehicles. A vehicle you do not see may
suddenly appear and hit you.
• If you plan to turn beyond an intersection. Start signaling when you arein the intersection. If you signal too early, the other driver may think
you plan to turn into the intersection and they may pull out in front ofyou. Remember to cancel your signal after turning.

Steering

Recommendations for steering control and hand positions differ fromvehicle to vehicle based on the size, age, speed, and responsiveness of thevehicle. While there is no one correct hand position or way to steer, theNational Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has provided
some basic guidelines.

Hand Position
If you think of the steering wheel as the face of a clock, place your hands
at 9 and 3 o’clock, or slightly lower at 8 and 4 o’clock. To reduce face,arm, and hand injuries in the case of a deployed air bag, you should grip
the outside of the steering wheel, with your knuckles on the outside of thewheel, and your thumbs stretched along the rim.
Controlling the Vehicle
There is no one correct way to steer a vehicle safely, but here are a few
steering methods recommended by NHTSA:• Hand-to-Hand Steering– This steering method may also be called“push/pull” steering. Using this steering method, your hands do not
cross over the face of the steering wheel; and therefore, there is lesschance of injury to your face, arms, or hands in the event of an air bag– 61 –

deploying. When using this method, start with your hands at 9 and 3
o’clock, or slightly lower at 8 and 4 o’clock. Depending on the direction
you are turning, one hand will push the wheel up, and the opposite handpulls down.
• Hand-Over-Hand Steering– This method of steering can be used
when turning at low speeds, parking, or recovering from a skid. Whenusing this method, start with your hands at 9 and 3 o’clock, or slightly
lower at 8 and 4 o’clock. Depending on the direction you are turning,
one hand will push the wheel up, while the other hand will let go, reachacross the other arm, grasp the wheel, and pull up.
• One Hand Steering– NHTSA recommends using one-hand steering
only when turning while backing, or operating vehicle controls that
require removing a hand from the steering wheel. The only time thata 12 o’clock hand position is recommended is when backing a vehicle
while turning, as the driver must turn in their seat to see the path ofthe vehicle. The placement of hands on the wheel at 9 and 3 o’clock, orslightly lower at 8 and 4 o’clock, is critical to vehicle balance.

Horn, Headlights, and Emergency Signals
Use Your Horn
• Only when necessary, to avoid collisions.
• To try to get “eye contact” with other drivers. You may tap your horn toalert another driver who might turn in front of you and cause a collision.
• On narrow mountain roads, where you cannot see at least 200 feet aheadof your vehicle.
Do Not Use Your Horn
• If a driver or bicyclist is moving slowly, and you want them to drive
faster or get out of your way. The driver or bicyclist may not be able tosafely go faster due to illness, being lost, intoxication, or mechanicalproblems with the vehicle.
• To alert other drivers that they made a mistake. Your honking may cause
them to make more mistakes or become angry and retaliate.
• Because you may be angry or upset.
• To honk at pedestrians, bicyclists, or motorcyclists unless necessary to
avoid a collision. Remember that your horn sounds much louder outside
a vehicle.
Note: Honking your horn may startle other drivers. It is safer to slow
down or stop instead of honking your horn.
– 62 –

Use Your Headlights• If weather conditions require you to use your windshield wipers, you
are required to turn on your low-beam headlights.
• Any time conditions (clouds, rain, snow, dust, smoke, fog, etc.) preventyou from seeing other vehicles.
• On small country or mountain roads, even on sunny days.
• In darkness and when visibility does not allow clear recognition of aperson or vehicle from a distance of 1,000 feet.
• When the vehicle is operated from 30 minutes after sunset to 30 minutes
before sunrise.
• When a regulatory (white) road sign is posted stating headlights must
be on.
• To increase your vehicle’s visibility to others while driving – even on
bright days and especially when the sun is low on the horizon.
Use Your Emergency Signals
If you can see a collision ahead, warn the drivers behind you by turning on
your emergency flashers or tapping your brake pedal quickly 3 or 4 times.
You can also use the hand signal when slowing and stopping.
Never stop on the road unless necessary for safety or to obey a law. If you
need to stop, start braking early as a signal to the cars behind you. If yourvehicle breaks down on the road, make sure that other drivers can see
it. If you experience vehicle trouble and need to stop, follow these rules:• Pull off the road, away from all traffic, if possible.
• If you cannot get completely off the road, stop where people can see
you and your vehicle from behind. Do not stop just over a hill or justaround a curve.
• Turn on your emergency flashers if you are not moving. If your vehicle
doesn’t have emergency flashers, turn signals may be used instead.
• If it is safe, lift the hood to signal an emergency.
• Give other drivers plenty of warning. Place emergency flares or
triangles 200–300 feet behind the vehicle. This allows other drivers
time to change lanes, if necessary. Be very careful when using flares.
They may cause fires, especially when used near flammable liquids.
• If you do not have emergency flares, follow the rules listed above andstay in your vehicle until help arrives. Be careful for your safety andstay off the road.

– 63 –Text Messaging and Cell Phones

It is illegal to drive a motor vehicle while using a cell phone or anelectronic wireless communication device to write, send, or read text
messages, instant messages, and emails unless you are 18 years old orolder and using a cell phone or an electronic wireless communications
device designed and configured to allow voice and hands-free operation
to dictate, send, or listen to text-based communications when operating
a vehicle. Although hands-free devices are permitted (except for minors),
drivers should minimize distractions to focus on safe driving practices.
• Call for help in emergencies only.
• If your cell phone rings, do not answer it. Let the call go to voicemail,if you have this feature.
• If you must make a call, pull safely off the road before making the call.
• Keep telephone conversations short or, if possible, have a passenger
make the call.
• If you use your electronic wireless communications device:— It must be mounted on the windshield, dashboard, or center consoleof the vehicle.
— It cannot hinder your view of the road.
• Use a single swipe or touch on the mounted electronic device.
Do not use your cell phone:• During hazardous conditions.
• To engage in distracting conversations.
Note: Minors may not use a cell phone or an electronic wirelesscommunications device except in certain emergencies (refer to the “Minors
and Cell Phones” section on page 16 for additional information).

– 64 –

HANDS OFF THE
MOBILE DEVICEA driver’s mobile device must be mounted
on the windshield, dashboard, or center
console of the vehicle.
It can’t block a driver’s view of the road.

It is against the law for minors to use ahands-free device while driving.

®

A driver may only use a single swipe or
touch on the mounted device.

VEHICLE POSITIONING
Following Distances

Suppose you are on a two-lane road with an oncoming vehicle approaching
and a bicyclist ahead to your right. Instead of driving between the vehicle
and the bicyclist, take one danger at a time. First, slow down and let theoncoming vehicle pass. Then, when it is safe, move to the left to allow
plenty of room (at least 3 feet) to pass the bicyclist.

Persons Who Present Dangers to Drivers
Increase your following distance and allow a bigger space for drivers who
may be potentially dangerous. Persons who present dangers are:• Drivers who cannot see you because their view is blocked by buildings,
trees, or other cars.
• Drivers backing out of driveways or parking spaces.
• Drivers who pass you when there is a curve or oncoming vehicle(s)ahead.
• Drivers about to be forced into your lane to avoid a vehicle, pedestrian,bicyclist, obstruction, or because of fewer lanes ahead.
• Pedestrians with umbrellas in front of their faces or hats pulled downover their eyes.
• Distracted people, such as:— Delivery persons.
— Construction workers.
— Distracted pedestrians, such as those talking or texting on theirelectronic wireless communications device.
— Children, who often run into the street without looking.
— Drivers talking or texting on their electronic wirelesscommunications device or speaking to their passengers.
— Drivers taking care of children, eating, or looking at maps whiledriving.
• Confused people, such as:— Tourists, often at complicated intersections.
— Drivers who are looking for a house number or slow down for noapparent reason.

– 66 –

Splitting the Difference
Sometimes there will be dangers on both sides of the road at the sametime. For example, there will be parked cars to the right and oncomingcars to the left. In this case, the best thing to do is “split the difference.”
Steer a middle course between the oncoming cars and the parked cars.
If one danger is greater than the other, give the most room to the mostdangerous situation. Suppose there are oncoming cars on your left side
and a child on a bike on your right side. The child is more likely to makea sudden move. Therefore, slow down and, if safe, use as much of yourlane to the left as possible until you pass the child.
Space to Merge
Enter the freeway at or near the speed of traffic. Do not stop before
merging into freeway traffic, unless it is absolutely necessary. Freeway
traffic has the right-of-way. When it is safe, follow the “3-second rule”(refer to the “Do not be a tailgater!” section on page 43).
• Do not try to merge into a gap that is too small.
• Watch for vehicles around you. Use your mirrors and turn signals. Turnyour head to look quickly over your shoulder before changing lanes
or merging in traffic. Leave 3 seconds of space between you and thevehicle ahead of you. Make sure you can stop safely, if necessary.
• If you need to cross several freeway lanes, cross them one at a time. If
you wait until all of the lanes are clear, you may cause traffic delays ora collision.
Space to Cross or Enter
When crossing or entering city or highway traffic from a full stop, signal,and leave a large enough gap to get up to the speed of other vehicles.
You must share the space with traffic already on the road. It is important
to know how much space you need for merging, crossing, entering, andexiting out of traffic. You need a gap that is about:• Half a block on city streets.
• A full block on the highway.
If you are crossing lanes or turning, make sure there are no vehicles or
people blocking the path ahead or to the sides of your vehicle. You do notwant to be caught in an intersection with traffic coming at you.
Even if you have the green traffic signal light, do not start across theintersection if there are vehicles blocking your way.
– 67 –

When turning left, do not start the turn just because an approachingvehicle has its right turn signal on. The driver may plan to turn just beyond
you, or the signal may have been left on from an earlier turn. This isparticularly true of motorcycles. Their signal lights often do not turn off
automatically. Wait until the other driver actually starts to turn before
you continue.

Space to Exit
When you plan to exit the freeway, give yourself plenty of time. You
should know the name or number of the freeway exit you want, as well as
the one that comes before it. To exit safely:• Signal, look over your shoulder, and change lanes one at a time until you
are in the proper lane to exit the freeway.
• Signal your intention to exit for approximately 5 seconds before reaching
the exit.
• Be sure you are at the proper speed for leaving the traffic lane–not too
fast (so you remain in control) and not too slow (so the flow of traffic
can still move freely).

Passing
When Approaching to Pass
Before you pass, look ahead for road conditions and traffic that may cause
other vehicles to move into your lane. Only pass when safe to do so.
You must judge whether you have enough room to pass whenever you
approach:• An oncoming vehicle.
• A hill or curve.
• An intersection.
• A road obstruction.
• A bicyclist.
Do not pass:• If you are approaching a hill or curve and cannot see if other traffic isapproaching.
• Within 100 feet of an intersection, bridge, tunnel, railroad crossing, orarea that could cause concern.

– 68 –

How to pass:
Never drive off the paved or main-traveled portion of the road or on theshoulder to pass. The edge of the main-traveled portion of the road may
have a painted white line on the road’s surface. Passing other vehicles atcrossroads, railroad crossings, and driveways is dangerous.
Pass traffic on the left. You may pass on the right only when:• An open highway is clearly marked for 2 or more lanes of travel in yourdirection.
• The driver ahead of you is turning left and you do not drive off the
roadway to pass. Never pass on the left if the driver is signaling a leftturn.
• On a one-way street.
Always signal before passing. You may also lightly tap your horn, or
briefly flash your lights, to let the other driver know you intend to pass.
Do not pull out to pass unless you know you have enough space to pullback into your lane.
Avoid passing other vehicles, including motorcycles and bicycles, on twolane roads. Every time you pass, you increase your chances of having acollision. When you pass a bicyclist, slow down and pass the bicyclist only
when safe, allowing for a minimum of 3 feet between your vehicle and thebicyclist where possible. Do not squeeze the bicyclist off the road.

Returning to a Lane After Passing
Before you return to your driving lane, be sure you are not dangerously
close to the vehicle you have just passed. One way to do this is to look
for the vehicle in your inside rearview mirror. When you can see both
headlights in your rearview mirror, you may have enough room to return
to your driving lane. Do not count on having enough time to pass several
vehicles at once or that other drivers will make room for you.
Being Passed
If a vehicle is passing you, or has signaled intent to pass, you should avoid
accelerating and maintain your lane position to allow the vehicle to passyou. Do not accelerate or try to go faster to avoid being passed.

– 69 –SHARING THE ROAD
Large Trucks (Big Rigs) and Recreational
Vehicles (RVs)

To reduce the chance of having a collision with a large truck or RV,
you must be familiar with a big rig’s physical capabilities and how it
maneuvers.

Braking
Large trucks take longer to stop than passenger vehicles traveling at thesame speed. The average passenger vehicle traveling at 55 mph can stop
within 400 feet. However, a large truck traveling at the same speed cantake almost 800 feet to stop. Do not move in front of a large truck andsuddenly slow down or stop. The truck driver will not be able to stop
quickly enough to avoid crashing into you.
Trucker’s Blind Spots—the “No Zone”
Passenger vehicle drivers incorrectly
assume that a trucker can see theroad better because they are higher
off the road. While truckers do havea better forward view and bigger
mirrors, they still have large blind
spots or “NO ZONES” where yourvehicle can disappear from a truck
driver’s view.
Shaded areas are the driver’s blind
spots.
If you stay in those blind spots, youblock the trucker’s ability to take evasive action to avoid a dangerous
situation. Generally speaking, if you cannot see the truck driver in theirside mirror, they cannot see you.
Turning
When a vehicle makes a turn, the rear wheels follow a shorter path than
the front wheels. The longer the vehicle, the greater the difference inthe turning path. This is why big rig drivers must often swing wide tocomplete a right turn. When you follow a big rig, look at its turn signals
before you start to pass. If the truck appears to be turning left, checkthe turn signals again; the driver may actually be turning right but firstswinging wide.
– 70 –

Maneuverability
Trucks are not as maneuverable as passenger vehicles. Large trucks have
longer stopping and starting distances. They take more space for turns
and weigh more. When no signs are posted, these vehicles must be driven
in the right traffic lane or as close as possible to the right edge of the
roadway.
On a divided highway with 4 or more traffic lanes in one direction, thesevehicles may also be driven in the lane just to the left of the right lane.
Avoid these mistakes when driving around large trucks:• Cutting off a truck in traffic or on the highway to reach an exitor turn. Cutting into the open space in front of a truck is dangerous.
Slow down and take your turn entering the construction zone. Do not
speed up to pass a truck, so you can exit the roadway. Take a moment
to slow down and exit behind a truck.
• Lingering alongside a truck when passing. Always pass a large truckon the left side, and after you pass the truck, move ahead of it. Do notlinger. Otherwise, you make it very difficult, if not impossible, for thetrucker to take evasive action if an obstacle appears in the road ahead.
• Following too closely or tailgating. When you follow so closely
behind a truck that you cannot see the truck driver’s side view mirrors,
the trucker cannot see you and has no way of knowing you are there.
Tailgating a truck, or any vehicle, is dangerous because you decrease
your own safety distance if the vehicle in front of you stops quickly.
• Underestimating the size and speed of an approaching tractortrailer. A large tractor-trailer often appears to be traveling at a slower
speed because of its large size. Many collisions involving a passenger
vehicle and large truck occur at intersections, when the passenger
vehicle’s driver did not realize how close the truck was or how fast it
was traveling.

Buses, Streetcars, and Trolleys

Do not drive through a safety zone, which is a space set aside forpedestrians, marked by raised buttons or markers on a roadway. Whenpeople are boarding or leaving a streetcar or trolley where there is nosafety zone, stop behind the vehicle’s nearest door or vehicle platform andwait until the people have reached a safe place. When a bus, streetcar, or
trolley is stopped at a safety zone or at an intersection where traffic is
controlled by a peace officer or traffic signal light, you may pass at no
more than 10 mph.

– 72 –

Do not overtake and pass any light-rail vehicle or streetcar on the left side,
whether it is moving or standing.
Exceptions:• When you are on a one-way street.
• When the tracks are so close to the right side that you cannot pass on
the right.
• When a traffic officer directs you to pass on the left.

Light-Rail Vehicles

Light-rail vehicles have the same rights Do not turn in front of light-rail vehicles.
and responsibilities on public roadways
as other vehicles. Although everyone
1.
must follow the same traffic laws,
2.
light-rail vehicles require exceptional
handling ability because of their size.
Safely share the road with light-rail
1. Yes 2. No
vehicles by:• Being aware of where light-rail vehicles operate. Buildings, trees, etc.,
cause blind spots for the trolley operator.
• Never turning in front of an approaching light-rail vehicle.
• Maintaining a safe distance from the light-rail vehicle if it shares a street
with vehicular traffic.
• Looking for approaching light-rail Safety zones are marked by dottedvehicles before you turn across the white lines.
tracks. Complete your turn only if atraffic signal light indicates you may
proceed.
Note: Light-rail vehicles can interrupt
traffic signal lights. Do not proceed
until the traffic signal light indicatesyou may proceed.

– 73 –

Emergency Vehicles

You must yield the right-of-way Yield to emergency vehicles.
to any police vehicle, fire engine,
ambulance, or other emergency
vehicle using a siren and red lights.
Drive to the right edge of the road andstop until the emergency vehicle(s)have passed. However, never stop in
an intersection. If you are in an intersection when you see an emergency
vehicle, continue through the intersection, and then drive to the right assoon as it is safe and stop. Emergency vehicles often use the wrong sideof the street to continue on their way. They sometimes use a loudspeakerto talk to drivers blocking their path.
You must obey any traffic direction, order, or signal given by a traffic
or peace officer, or a firefighter even if it conflicts with existing signs,
signals, or laws.
It is against the law to follow within 300 feet behind any fire engine,police vehicle, ambulance, or other emergency vehicle with a siren or
flashing lights (CVC §21706).
If you drive for sight-seeing purposes to the scene of a fire, collision, orother disaster, you may be arrested. Casual observers interfere with theessential services of police, firefighter, ambulance crews, or other rescue
or emergency personnel.

Slow-Moving Vehicles

D

Some vehicles are not designed tokeep up with the speed of traffic.
Farm tractors, animal-drawn carts,
and road maintenance vehicles
usually travel 25 mph or less. SlowA Slow-Moving Vehicle
moving vehicles have an orange/red
triangle on the back of the vehicles. It
looks like the sign in the picture to the right. Look for these vehicles andadjust your speed before you reach them.
Also, be aware that large trucks, bicyclists, and small-underpowered cars
lose speed on long or steep hills and take longer to get up to speed whenentering traffic.

– 74 –

Other types of slow-moving motorized vehicles, such as wheelchairs, scooters,neighborhood electric vehicles (NEVs), and golf carts may legally operate on
public roads. Adjust your speed accordingly to accommodate them.
Vehicles proceeding at a speed less than the flow of traffic and moving on
a two-lane highway where passing is unsafe, must turn off the roadway at
the nearest place designated as a turnout or wherever sufficient area fora safe turnout exists, if a line of 5 or more vehicles forms behind them.

Neighborhood Electric Vehicles (NEV) and LowSpeed Vehicles (LSV)

When you see these signs or markings: NEV USE ONLY or NEV
ROUTE, watch out for slow-moving vehicles in the roadway. NEVs and
LSVs are restricted from roadways where the speed limit is greater than
35 mph (CVC §§385.5 and 21260). NEVs and LSVs reach a maximum
speed of 25 mph. Owners of registered NEVs and LSVs must comply withfinancial responsibility laws and have a valid DL to operate the vehicle.

Animal-Drawn Vehicles

Horse-drawn vehicles and riders of horses or other animals are entitled toshare the road with motor vehicles. It is a traffic offense to scare horses or
stampede livestock. Slow down or stop, if necessary, or when requested
to do so by the riders or herders.

Motorcycles

Motorcyclists have the same rights and responsibilities as automobile
drivers. While everyone must follow the same traffic laws, motorcyclists
face additional dangers because motorcycles require exceptional handlingability and are harder to see. Therefore, many motorcyclists keep theirheadlight(s) on at all times, even during daylight hours.
Motorcyclists can do many things to increase their chances of being seen
by drivers and other road users, including:• Wearing a bright-colored jacket, vest, and helmet.
• Wearing reflective material on helmets and clothes.
• Always using turn signals when planning to change lanes or turn.
• Flashing their brake lights before slowing down to help others notice
the motorcycle.
• Avoiding blind spots of other vehicles and not lingering between
vehicles when lane splitting.
• Using high beam headlights during daylight hours.

– 75 –

Follow these rules to respect the right-of-way and safely share the roadwith motorcyclists:• When you change lanes or enter a major thoroughfare, make a visualcheck in addition to using your mirrors. Motorcycles are small and caneasily disappear into a vehicle’s blind spots.
• Allow a 4 second following distance. If the motorcyclist brakes suddenly
or falls off the motorcycle, you will need this space to avoid hittingthem.
• Whenever possible, allow the motorcycle a full lane width. Although
it is not illegal to share lanes with motorcycles, it can potentially beunsafe.
• Never try to pass a motorcycle in the same lane you are sharing withthem.
• Whenever possible, move to one side of your lane to give motorcyclists
ample room to pass.
• When you make a turn, check for motorcyclists and gauge their speed
before turning to avoid a possible collision.
• Look carefully for motorcyclists before opening doors next to moving
traffic or before turning right.
• Different road conditions, like potholes, gravel, wet or slippery surfaces,
pavement seams, railroad crossings, and grooved pavement, can cause
motorcyclists to change speed or direction suddenly. If you are aware of
the effect of these conditions and drive with care and attention, you canhelp reduce motorcyclist injuries and fatalities. For more information
regarding motorcycle safety, visit the California Motorcyclist Safety
Program at chp.ca.gov/programs-services/programs/californiamotorcyclist-safety or 1-877-RIDE-411.

BicyclesBicyclists have the same rights and responsibilities as vehicle andmotorcycle drivers, including:• Obeying all traffic signs and signal lights.
• Riding in the same direction as traffic.
• Signaling when changing lanes or turning.
• Yielding to pedestrians.
SHARE
THE
• Wearing a helmet (if under 18 years old).
ROAO• Allowing faster traffic to pass when safe.
• Staying visible (for example, never weave between parked vehicles).
• Riding as near to the right curb or edge of the roadway as practicable.

– 76 –

• Not riding on the sidewalk, unless allowed by the city where you’reriding.
• Making left and right turns in the same way drivers do, using the sameturn lanes. If the bicyclist is traveling straight ahead, they should use athrough traffic lane rather than ride next to the curb and block traffic
making right turns.
Bicyclists shall not operate a bicycle on a roadway unless the bicycle isequipped with a brake, which will enable the operator to make a onewheel skid on dry, level, clean pavement.
During darkness, bicyclists should avoid Turns for bicyclists:
wearing dark clothing and must have thefollowing equipment:• A front lamp emitting a white lightvisible from a distance of 300 feet.
• A rear red ref lector or a solid orf lashing red light with a built inreflector that is visible from a distance Intersections with special lanes:of 500 feet.
• A white or yellow reflector on eachpedal or the bicyclist’s shoes or ankles
visible from a distance of 200 feet.
• A white or yellow reflector on the front
wheel, white or red reflector on therear wheel, or reflectorized tires.
Bicyclists have the right to operate on the road and may:
• Lawfully be permitted to ride on certain sections of freeways where
there is no alternate route and bicycling is not forbidden by a sign.
• Move left to avoid hazards such as parked or moving vehicles, bicycles,
animals, or debris.
• Choose to ride near the left curb or edge of a one-way street.

Bicycles in Travel Lanes
Bicyclists traveling slower than the flow of traffic must ride as close aspracticable to the right curb or edge of the roadway except in the following
situations:• Passing a vehicle or another bicycle in the same direction.
• Preparing to make a left turn at an intersection, into a private road, orat a driveway.
– 77 –

RightWrong• When necessary to avoid a hazard
or road condition (for example ,pedestrians, animals, or surface
hazards).
• When a lane is too narrow for a bicycle
and vehicle to travel safely side-by-side
within the lane.
• When approaching a right turn.
• If the roadway is a one-way road with
two or more lanes. In this case, a bicyclist may ride near the left curb
or edge of roadway as practicable. With any slow-moving vehicle orbicycle, drivers should follow at a safe distance and, when it is safe, thebicyclist should move to a position that allows vehicles to pass.
Passing a bicyclist that is in the travel lane at a safe distance may requirechanging into another lane, passing safely and quickly, and returning
to your original lane while leaving room between your vehicle and thebicyclist. When you cannot change lanes to pass a bicyclist, allow at least
3 feet between your vehicle and the bicyclist. If you are unable to passwithin 3 feet of space, pass at a safe speed to not endanger the bicyclist.
Here are some critical points for drivers and bicyclists to remember. Motorvehicle drivers must:• Pass bicyclists allowing enough room to avoid forcing theminto parked vehicles or doors that are open into traffic.
• Merge toward the curb or into the bike lane only when it
is safe.
SHARE
THE• Merge safely behind a bicyclist when preparing to make a
ROAD
turn.
• Only enter a bike lane no more than 200 feet before starting a turn.
• Make a visual check for bicyclists when changing lanes or entering
traffic. Bicycles are small and may be hidden in a vehicle’s blind spot.
• Be careful when approaching or passing a bicyclist on a two-lane
roadway.

– 78 –

Slow down
and stop.
Every intersection is acrosswalk.

California has the nation’s highest number of pedestrian and bicyclist fatalities.
When you drive, take extra care around people walking and biking. It’s thehuman thing to do.
Look twice for people walking or biking before you make a turn. Always
come to a complete stop before making a right turn on red.
Stop for people in crosswalks. Every intersection is a crosswalk, even if it’sunmarked.
If another car is stopped at a crosswalk, you should stop, too. There may besomeone crossing that you can’t see.

C)J}j
TRAFFICSAFETY#GoHumanSoCal

D CJ e/GoHumanSoCal

Pedestrians Who Are Blind

Pedestrians using guide dogs or white canes with or without a red tip mustbe given the right-of-way at all times. These pedestrians are partially or
totally blind. When these pedestrians are in your vicinity, be especiallycareful when turning corners or backing up, particularly if you are driving
a quiet hybrid vehicle.
Here are some suggestions for helping pedestrians who are blind:• At a stop light or sign, do not stop your vehicle more than 5 feetfrom the crosswalk, unless there is an advance stop bar (line). Blindpedestrians rely on the sound of your vehicle to become aware of yourvehicle’s presence; therefore, it is important that you stop your vehicle
within 5 feet of the crosswalk. Drivers of hybrid or electric vehicles
must remain especially aware that the lack of engine or electric motor
noise may cause a blind pedestrian to assume there is not a vehicle
nearby. Follow this cue: When a blind person pulls in their cane andsteps away from the intersection, this gesture usually means they are
not ready to cross the street and for you to go.
• Stop at all crosswalks where pedestrians are waiting. Wait for thepedestrian to cross the street.
• Do not stop in the middle of a crosswalk. This forces the blindpedestrian to go around your vehicle and into traffic outside of thecrosswalk.
• Do not give the blind pedestrian verbal directions. A blind pedestrian
listens to all traffic sounds before deciding to cross the street.
• Do not turn right without looking first. Look for any pedestrians,
especially blind pedestrians or traffic, before starting your turn. Blindpedestrians who have a green light are not expecting a driver to makea right turn in front of them. Turning may result in the blind pedestrian
becoming disoriented and vulnerable to being hit by another rightturning vehicle when attempting to cross the street.
• Do not honk your horn at a blind person. The blind person has no idea
who you are honking at and may be startled by the noise.
• Do not block any sidewalk.

– 80 –Have Questions?
Ask Your Senior Driver Ombudsman/Outreach Coordinato r!
Call the location nearest you or visit our senior web page at dmv.ca.gov .
Sacramento &Northern Counties(916) 657-6464(916) 657-7109

Bay Area Counties(510) 563-8998

Los Angeles &Central Coast Counties(310) 615-3552

Central & Southern Coun ti es(714) 705-1588

Senior Driver Ombudsman/Outreach Program "Your Path to Continued Safe Driving."

Road Workers and Work Zones (Cone Zones)

Signs and message boards warn you of workers, slowmoving equipment, and closed lanes ahead. Cones, drums,
BEWBRIC­or other barriers will guide you through the work zone. ZDNEALEM
Reduce your speed and be prepared to slow down or stopfor highway equipment. Merge as soon as it is safe to do so
without crossing the cones or drums. In work zones where lanes are
narrow or where the shoulder is closed, watch for bicycles when they arepresent and “share the road.” Watch for work zone speed limit and reduced
speed limit warning signs.
For your own safety and the safety of your passengers
remember to pass the work zone carefully, slow down, allow
extra following room between vehicles, merge early, expect
sudden slowing or stopping, watch for drivers changing
lanes at the last minute, and avoid distractions while driving
in a work zone. Distractions include using your hands-freecell phone, reading/sending text messages, and/or operating
your GPS and entertainment systems. Fines for traffic violations in a workzone can be $1,000 or more. Anyone convicted of assaulting a highway
worker faces fines of up to $2,000 and imprisonment for up to 1 year.
Do not stop or slow down to watch the road work. Obey special signs or
instructions from workers (flaggers).

Double Fine Zones

Due to increased collision-related injuries and fatalities, certain roads
are designated as “Safety Enhanced-Double Fine Zones.” Fines forviolations are doubled in these zones and also in highway construction or
maintenance zones when workers are present (CVC §42010).

Move Over and Slow Down

Drivers are required to move over a lane, if safe to do so, or slow downwhen approaching a stationary emergency vehicle or tow truck displaying
flashing amber warning lights, or a Department of Transportation(Caltrans) vehicle displaying emergency flashing or amber warning
lights while stopped on the side of a state highway or freeway. The law
is designed to reduce the deaths of peace officers, tow truck drivers,
paramedics, Caltrans employees, and other emergency personnel who areaiding stranded or injured motorists or involved in road work.

– 82 –

Vehicles with Hazardous Loads

A diamond-shaped sign on a truckmeans that the load on the truck
is potentially dangerous (gas,explosives, etc.). Vehicles that
display these signs are required tostop before crossing railroad tracks.

Hazardous Load Placards

Dealing with Traffic Congestion

Small changes in your driving habits can help relieve chronic traffic
congestion.
Avoid the following driving behaviors:• Tailgating–following too closely.
• Unnecessary lane changes–weaving in and out of freeway lanes.
• Inattention– eating, grooming, talking on a cell phone, text messaging,reading the newspaper, etc.
• Operating a poorly-maintained or malfunctioning vehicle or
running out of fuel or battery charge.

Dealing with Aggressive Drivers and Road Rage

Aggressive driving can cause many serious problems on the roadway. All
drivers must be aware of both aggressive driving and the behavior known
as “road rage,” and what to do when they occur.
There are 2 important things to be aware of regarding aggressive
drivers:
1. Recognizing and avoiding the behaviors in yourself.
2. Avoiding other drivers engaging in these behaviors.
Ways to avoid becoming an aggressive driver include:• Allow plenty of time to reach your destination.
• Do not “cut off” other drivers.
• Do not drive slowly in the left (fast) lane.
• Do not tailgate.
• Do not gesture to other drivers.
• Use your horn for emergencies only.
• Let aggressive drivers pass you.

– 83 –

The following are examples of common behaviors that can lead toaggressive driving and how to avoid them:• Lane Blocking–Do not block the passing lane. Stay out of the far leftlane if other traffic wants to drive faster, and yield to the right for any
vehicle that wants to pass.
• Tailgating–Maintain a safe distance from the vehicle in front of you. If
you are being tailgated, leave more space between you and the vehicle
in front of you.
• Signal Lights–Always use your signals when changing lanes, and avoid
changing lanes too close to the other vehicles. After you have changed
lanes, turn your signal off.
• Gestures–If you must gesture to another driver, do so in a way that will
not be interpreted as hostile or obscene.
• Failure to Turn–Unless otherwise posted, right turns are allowed after
a complete stop at a red light. Choosing to wait for the green light may
frustrate the drivers behind you, but is not illegal.
• Parking–Do not take more than one parking space. Do not park in the
disabled parking space if you do not have a disabled person parking
placard or plates.
• Headlights–If you use your high-beam headlights, dim your lights foroncoming traffic and when approaching a vehicle from behind; do not
retaliate to oncoming high beams with your own.
• Merging–When traffic permits, make room to allow vehicles to merge
into your lane.

SPECIAL DRIVING SITUATIONSKeep Your Car Visible

The driver’s blind spots are shown in the graphic on page 70. If you
look only in your mirrors, you cannot see vehicles in these blind spots.
Turn your head to see if a vehicle is in one of these blind spots. Do notlinger in another driver’s blind spot. As soon as you can, drop back or
pass the vehicle.

What is the Road Condition

The faster your speed, the less control you have of your vehicle. Rather
than driving at the legal posted speed limit, adjust your driving speed forroad conditions or whatever affects the safe operation of your vehicle.

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Curves

On curves, there is a strong outward pull on your vehicle, which is especially
dangerous when the road is slippery. Rain, mud, snow, ice, and gravel makethe road slippery. If a speed limit is not posted before a curve, you mustjudge how sharp the curve is and adjust your speed accordingly. Slow down
before you enter the curve; you do not know what may be ahead (stalled
vehicle, collision, etc.). Braking on a curve may cause you to skid.

Traffic Speeds

Collisions are more likely to happen when one driver goes faster or slower
than the other vehicles on the road. If you drive faster than other traffic,
you increase your chances of being involved in a collision. Speeding
does not save much time. Driving slower than other vehicles or stopping
suddenly can be just as dangerous as speeding, if not more dangerous,
because you may cause a rear-end collision or cause other drivers to
swerve to avoid hitting your vehicle. If you are in the fast lane and notice
vehicles moving to the right lane to pass you, or a line of vehicles forming
behind you, the best thing to do is move into the right lane when safe, andlet the vehicle(s) pass.

Driving Hazards
Water on the Road
Slow down when there is a lot of water on the road. In a heavy rain at
speeds of 50 mph or more, your tires can lose all contact with the roadand then your vehicle will be riding on water or “hydroplaning.” A slightchange of direction, applying the brakes, or a gust of wind could throw
your vehicle into a skid.
If your vehicle starts to hydroplane, slow down gradually—do not apply
the brakes.
Slippery Roads
Slow down at the first sign of rain, especially after a dry spell. This is whenmany roads are the most slippery, because oil and dust have not washedaway. A slippery road will not give your tires the grip they need. Drive
more slowly than you would on a dry road. Adjust your speed as follows:• Wet road–Go 5 to 10 mph slower.
• Packed snow–Reduce your speed by half.
• Ice–Slow to a crawl.
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Some road surfaces are more slippery than others when wet and usually
have warning signs posted. Here are some clues to help you spot slippery
roads:• On cold, wet days, shade from trees or buildings can hide spots of ice.
These areas freeze first and dry out last.
• Bridges and overpasses tend to freeze before the rest of the road does.
They can hide spots of ice.
• If it starts to rain on a hot day, the pavement can be very slippery forthe first several minutes. Heat causes oil in the asphalt to come to thesurface. The oil makes the road slippery until the rain washes the oil
off the surface of the road.

High Winds
High winds can be a hazard while driving, especially to larger vehicles,
such as trucks, campers, and vehicles with trailers. Some precautions fordriving in high winds include:• Reducing your speed. Slowing down gives you better control over thevehicle and will give you more time to react in the event your vehicle
gets hit by a strong gust of wind.
• Maintaining a firm hand position on the steering wheel. Strong wind
gusts are unpredictable, and if you are not holding the wheel properly,
gusts can be strong enough to cause the steering wheel to be jerked outof your hands.
• Being alert. Look well ahead and watch for any debris on the road.
High winds can cause debris to litter the highway or can even throwdebris directly into your path. By looking ahead, you give yourself moretime to react to road hazards.
• Not using cruise control. You can maintain maximum control of theaccelerator (gas) pedal when unpredictable gusts of wind occur.
• Being proactive. Wait for the storm to blow over. It may be safer to pullover and take a break.
Driving in Fog or Heavy Smoke
The best advice for driving in the fog or heavy smoke is DON’T. You
should consider postponing your trip until the fog clears. However, if
you must drive, then drive slow, turn on your windshield wipers, and use
your low-beam headlights. The light from the high-beam headlights willreflect back and cause glare.
Never drive with just your parking or fog lights.
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Increase your following distance and be prepared to stop within thespace you can see ahead. Avoid crossing or passing lanes of traffic unlessabsolutely necessary. Listen for traffic you cannot see. Use your wipers
and defroster as necessary for best vision.
If the fog becomes so thick that you can barely see, consider pulling off
the roadway, activating your emergency signal lights, and waiting until
the weather improves before continuing.

Driving With Sun Glare
Glare from the sun can be very dangerous while driving. The following
tips may help you manage sun glare:• Keep the inside and outside of your windshield clean.
• Make sure your windshield wipers are in good working order and yourwiper fluid level is full.
• Wear polarized sunglasses.
• Maintain enough space between your vehicle and the vehicles aroundyou. Your car visor should also be free of anything that would restrict
use and be in good working order.
• Be extra cautious of pedestrians. You may have difficulty seeing them.
• Try to avoid driving during sunrise and sunset.
Driving in Darkness
Night driving is more difficult and hazardous than daytime driving. Make
sure you can stop within the distance lighted by your headlights. Use yourlow-beam headlights at night when it rains. Do not drive using only yourparking lights.
Use your high-beam headlights whenever possible in open country or
dark city streets, as long as it is not illegal. Do not blind the driver of an
oncoming vehicle with your high-beam headlights. Dim your lights whennecessary. If another vehicle’s lights are bright:• Do not look directly into the oncoming headlights.
• Look toward the right edge of your lane.
• Watch the oncoming vehicle out of the corner of your eye.
• Do not try to “get back” at the other driver by keeping your bright lights
on. If you do, both of you may be blinded.
When you drive at night, remember:• Pedestrians and bicyclists are much harder to see at night; stay alert forthem.
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• Motorcycles are also harder to see at night because most have only one
taillight.
• Highway construction can take place at night. Reduce your speed in
highway construction zones.
• When you leave a brightly-lit place, drive slowly until your eyes adjust
to the darkness.
• When a vehicle with one light drives toward you, drive as far to the rightas possible. It could be a bicyclist or motorcyclist, but it could also be avehicle with a missing headlight.

Driving in Rain or Snow
Many road pavements are the most slippery when it first starts to rain orsnow because oil and dust have not yet washed away. Slow down at thefirst sign of rain, drizzle, or snow on the road. Turn on your windshieldwipers, low-beam headlights, and defroster. In a heavy rainstorm orsnowstorm, you may not be able to see more than 100 feet ahead of yourvehicle. When you cannot see any farther than 100 feet, you cannot safely
drive faster than 30 mph. You may have to stop from time to time to wipe
mud or snow off your windshield, headlights, and taillights. If you drivein snowy areas, carry the correct number of chains and be sure they will
fit your drive wheels. Learn how to put the chains on before you need touse them.

Flooded Roadways

Excessive water on a roadway may cause flooding. This can happen
gradually or suddenly. Flooding is dangerous and can be life threatening.
It is important to understand the risks of water on the roadway. Some ofthe dangers of a flooded roadway include:• The vehicle being swept off the road.
• Floating debris and unseen hazards.
• The roadway collapsing.
• Vehicle malfunction (for example, brake failure).
• Electrocution if accompanied by fallen power lines.
It is best to find an alternate route if you encounter a flooded roadway.
It may not be possible to determine the depth of the flood by looking; it
may be deep and too dangerous to cross. If you have no other option but
to drive through a flooded roadway, be sure to drive slowly. Once you
have safely navigated through the water, slowly and carefully check yourbrakes to ensure that they function correctly.

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Driving in Hill Country or Curves
You never know what is on the other side of a steep hill or a sharp curve.
When you come to a hill or curve, slow down so you can stop for any
hazard. You must drive slowly enough to stop.
Any time your view is blocked by a hill or a curve, assume there is anothervehicle ahead of you. Only pass the vehicle if a hill or curve is at least ⅓
of a mile away, because you need at least that much room to pass safely.
Do not drive on the left side of the road when coming to a curve or the
top of a hill, because you cannot see far enough ahead to know if it is safe
to pass.
Traffic Breaks
Traffic breaks are used by law enforcement to:• Slow or stop traffic to remove hazards from the roadway.
• Conduct emergency operations.
• Prevent traffic collisions in heavy fog or unusually heavy traffic.
During a traffic break, the officer turns the rear emergency lights on,
slows the vehicle, and drives across the lanes of traffic in a serpentine
manner. To assist the officer in conducting a traffic break:• Activate your emergency flashers to warn other drivers there is a hazard
ahead.
• Slowly begin to decrease your speed. Do not slow abruptly unless it isnecessary to avoid a collision. Slow to the same speed as the officer
while keeping a safe distance from the patrol vehicle ahead of you.
• Do not attempt to drive past the patrol vehicle. Do not accelerate
until the patrol vehicle has turned off its emergency lights and traffic
conditions ahead allow the traffic to return to normal speeds.

Clean Windows and Mirrors

Keep your mirrors, windshield, and side windows clean inside and outside.
Bright sun or headlights on a dirty window make it hard to see out. Clear
off ice, frost, or dew from all windows before you drive.
If you drive in rain or snow, you may have to stop to remove mud or snow
off your windshield, mirrors, headlights, and taillights.

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Adjust Seat and Mirrors

Adjust your seat before you put on your seat belt. You should sit highenough to see the road. Adjust your rear and side view mirrors before you
start driving. If your vehicle has a day/night mirror, learn how to use it.
The night setting reduces the headlight glare from the cars behind you
and helps you see well.

Tire Safety

Tires are an important part of driving
safety. Here are a few simple tips tohelp you maintain your tires:• Look for any tears or bulges on
the sidewall of the tire, check thetread depth, and ensure your tirepressure is within the proper range
by referring to the owner’s manualor the pounds per square inch (PSI) If you can see the top of Lincoln’s
indicator within the inside edge of head, it’s time for new tires.
the vehicle door.
• You can use a penny to check the tread on your tire.
— Hold the penny so you can see Abraham Lincoln’s head. You should
hold the coin between your fingers so his head is facing you andcompletely visible.
— Place the coin, with the head pointing down, into the deepest
groove of your tire tread. If his head is completely visible, yourtires need to be replaced.

Green Driving

Green driving, or “smart” driving, is a set of activities and techniquesthat maximize vehicle fuel efficiency and lower emissions by improving
driving habits and keeping up with vehicle maintenance. According to
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), “…the transportation
sector generates the largest share of greenhouse gas emissions.”
The following are a few easy-to-remember activities that you can use forgreen driving:• Behavior–Accelerate and slow down smoothly, and maintain a steadyaverage speed.
• Maintenance–Keep your vehicle in good shape by regularly inflatingtires, getting oil changes, and checking filters.

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T.I.R.E. Tips
T. Tread

Place an upside down penny inthe tire tread. If you can see all of
Lincoln’s head, the tread is too low
and you need a new tire.

I. Inflate

Check air pressure once a month.
Low tire pressure can cause tire wear
and poor gas mileage.

R. Rotate

Rotate your tires every 3,000–5,000
miles to increase tire tread life.

E. Evaluate

A few minutes a month is all
it takes to be tire safe.
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Evaluate your tires everyday for any
abnormal wear, cracks, and nails.

• Weight–Get rid of extra weight in your vehicle by clearing out thetrunk, or removing luggage racks from the roof.
To further lower emissions, consider a zero-emission vehicle powered byelectricity or hydrogen. Plug-in electric cars are charged overnight at homeor at a public or workplace charging station. Hydrogen fuel cell electriccars are refueled at public hydrogen stations. Both produce no tailpipe
emissions, do not require oil changes, have excellent fuel economy, andrequire minimal maintenance.
Note: For more information, visit FuelEconomy.gov. Green driving is
promoted by the Office of Transportation and Air Quality and the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.

Other Dangers

All gas-powered vehicles produce carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide
is a deadly, odorless, gas that is released out of the exhaust pipe of thevehicle. Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning may include: weariness,
yawning, dizziness, nausea, headache, and/or ringing in the ears. You
can prevent carbon monoxide poisoning by having the exhaust system
checked regularly. Also, leave the window partially open when starting
the engine, while driving the vehicle, or when running the engine whileparked. Never run the engine with your garage door closed.

What a Driver Should Do During an Enforcement
Stop

Acknowledge the officer’s presence by turning on your right turnsignal. Activating your signal lets the officer know that you recognize
their presence. An officer may become alarmed if you fail to recognize
them, and might perceive that you have a reason to avoid yielding or thatyou might be impaired.
Move your vehicle to the right shoulder of the road. The officer will
guide you using their patrol vehicle. Do not move onto the center median.
Do not stop in the center median of a freeway or on the opposite side ofa two-lane roadway. This places both the driver and the officer in dangerof being hit by oncoming traffic.
On a freeway, move completely onto the right shoulder, even if you’rein the carpool/HOV lane. Stop in a well-lit area when possible. Pull
your vehicle as far off the roadway as possible. When it is dark, look forlocations that have more light, such as areas with street or freeway lights,
near restaurants, or service stations.

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End your cell phone conversation and turn off your radio. The officerneeds your full attention to communicate with you to complete theenforcement stop in the least amount of time needed.
Remain inside your vehicle unless otherwise directed by the officer.
Never step out of your vehicle, unless an officer directs you to do so.
During an enforcement stop, the officer’s priorities are your safety, thesafety of your passengers, and the officer’s own personal safety. In mostsituations, the safest place for you and your passengers is inside yourvehicle. Exiting your vehicle without first being directed by an officer canincrease the risk of being struck by a passing vehicle and/or increase theofficer’s level of feeling threatened.
Place your hands in clear view, including all passengers’ hands, suchas on the steering wheel, on top of your lap, etc. During an enforcement
stop, an officer’s inability to see the hands of the driver and all occupantsin the vehicle increases the officer’s level of feeling threatened. Most
violent criminal acts against a law enforcement officer occur through theuse of a person’s hands, such as the use of a firearm, sharp object, etc.
If your windows are tinted, it is recommended that you roll down yourwindows after you have stopped your vehicle on the right shoulder of the
roadway and before the officer makes contact with you.

HANDLING EMERGENCIES
Mechanical Tips
Skids on Slippery Surfaces
Ice and packed snow on the road can cause your vehicle to skid, especially
if you are driving too fast or going downhill. If you start to skid:• Ease off the accelerator (gas) pedal.
• Stop braking.
• Turn the steering wheel in the direction of the skid.
If you cannot control your vehicle on a slippery surface, try to findsomething to stop the skid. Try to get a wheel on dry pavement or on theshoulder of the road. You may have to edge slowly into a snow bank or
bushes to stop the vehicle.

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To prevent skidding on slippery surfaces:• Drive slowly and stay farther behind the vehicle ahead of you.
• Slow down as you approach curves and intersections.
• Avoid fast turns.
• Avoid quick stops. “Pump” the brakes to slow or stop (do not pumpanti-lock brakes).
• Shift to low gear before going down a steep hill.
• Avoid especially slippery areas, such as ice patches, wet leaves, oil, or
deep puddles.
If the brakes get wet, dry them by lightly pressing the accelerator (gas)and brake pedals at the same time so that the vehicle drives against thepressure of the brakes. Perform this light pressing only until the brakes
dry.

Driving Off the Pavement

If your wheels drift off the pavement, grip the steering wheel firmly,
ease your foot off the accelerator (gas) pedal, and brake gently. Checkfor traffic behind you, gently steer back onto the pavement. Do not pullor turn your steering wheel suddenly; this may cause you to drive into
oncoming traffic.

Acceleration Skids
An acceleration skid usually happens when the drive wheels lose traction
on the road surface. To maintain control of a skidding vehicle, do not apply
the brakes. Ease off the accelerator (gas) pedal and straighten the front
wheels as the vehicle begins to straighten itself out.
Locked Wheel Skids
This type of skid is usually caused by braking too hard at a high rateof speed and locking the wheels. The vehicle will skid no matter which
way the steering wheel is turned. Take your foot off the brake to unlock
the wheels. Then, straighten the front wheels as the vehicle begins tostraighten out. If your vehicle is not equipped with anti-lock brakes andyou enter a locked wheel skid, step on the brake gradually until you areat a safe speed to continue driving. However, if you press the brake pedal
and it sinks to the floor, quickly pump the brake pedal to build pressure.
As you’re pumping the brakes, down shift your vehicle into a lower gearor neutral to slow down. Then try using your emergency or parking braketo stop. Slow the vehicle gradually until you are at a safe speed to continue
driving.
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Accelerator Malfunction
If your accelerator becomes stuck, you should:
1. Shift to neutral.
2. Apply the brakes.
3. Keep your eyes on the road.
4. Look for an alternate route away from traffic or look for a way out.
5. Warn other drivers by honking and turning on your emergency lights.
6. Try to drive the car safely off the road.
7. Stop and then turn off the ignition. Do not turn off the ignition whilemoving.
Steering Wheel Locking Device
Warning: Never turn your vehicle’s ignition to the “lock” position while
it is still in motion; the steering will lock and you will lose control of yourvehicle.

Collisions Are Not Accidents
Causes of Collisions
The most common causes of collisions are:• Driver distractions.
• Unsafe speed.
• Driving on the wrong side of the road.
• Improper turns.
• Violating the right-of-way rules.
• Violating stop signals and signs.
If you see a vehicle’s hazard lights ahead, slow down. There may be acollision or other road emergency ahead. Stop and give assistance if asked
by anyone, or pass very carefully.
Avoid driving near collisions, if possible. Those injured will be helped
faster if other vehicles aren’t blocking the road.
Involved in a Collision
If you are involved in a collision:• You must stop. Someone could be injured and need your help. If you do
not stop, you may be convicted of “hit and run” and could be severely
punished.
• Call 9-1-1 if anyone is hurt.
• Move your vehicle out of the traffic lane if no one is injured or killed.
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• Show your DL, vehicle registration card, evidence of financial
responsibility, and current address to the other driver, persons involved,
and peace officer.
• You (or your insurance agent, broker, or legal representative) must makea written report to the police or California Highway Patrol (CHP) within
24 hours of the collision if someone is killed or injured.
• You (or your insurance agent, broker, or legal representative) must makea written report to DMV within 10 days.
• If you hit a parked vehicle or other property, leave a note with yourname, phone number, and address in or securely attached to thevehicle or property you hit. Report the collision to the city police, or inunincorporated areas, to CHP.
• If your parked car rolls away and hits another vehicle, try to find theowner and report the incident to authorities as mentioned above.
• If you kill or injure an animal, call the nearest humane society, police,or CHP. Do not try to move an injured animal or leave an injured animal
to die.

Reporting a Collision
When you have a collision, report it to DMV within 10 days if:• More than $1,000 in damage was done to the property of any person.
• Anyone was injured (no matter how slightly) or killed.
Each driver (or the driver’s insurance agent, broker, or legal representative)
must file a report with DMV using the Report of Traffic Accident
Occurring in California (SR 1) form. Go online at dmv.ca.gov or call
1-800-777-0133 to ask for the SR 1 form. The CHP or police will notmake this report for you.
You or your representative must make this report whether or not you
caused the collision, even if the collision occurred on private property.
Your driving privilege will be suspended:• If you do not make this report.
• For up to 4 years, if you did not have proper insurance coverage,
regardless of who was at fault during the collision. During the last 3
years of the suspension, your DL can be returned to you if you provide
a California Insurance Proof Certificate (SR 22/SR 1P) and maintain it
during the 3-year period.

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Safety Tips
On the Freeway
According to the CHP, if your vehicle becomes disabled on the freeway:• Safely pull to the right shoulder.
• If you must exit the vehicle, exit on the right side of your vehicle, awayfrom traffic.
• Once you arrange for assistance, return to your vehicle, get back into thevehicle from the right side (away from traffic), and put on your seat belt.
• Stay inside your vehicle with the seat belt on until help arrives.
In certain circumstances (when there is not enough shoulder space or if
there is a guardrail or area to safely stay away from the freeway lanes),
exit your vehicle and stay away from your vehicle. Use your emergency
blinking lights at your discretion according to weather conditions. The
lights may be helpful, but they could also attract drunk drivers. The CHP
Freeway Service Patrol (FSP) provides free emergency roadside services
during commute periods. Call 5-1-1 for FSP information and assistance. If
FSP cannot start your vehicle, it will be towed free of charge to a location
approved by CHP. FSP will also contact additional assistance for you.
CHP will notify an auto club or towing service.
If you get stuck on the freeway because your vehicle stops running, FSP
will:• Offer you a gallon of gas if you run out.
• “Jump start” your vehicle if the battery is dead.
• Refill your radiator and tape hoses.
• Change a flat tire.
• Report any collision to CHP.
The FSP program will not:• Tow your vehicle to a private repair service or residence.
• Recommend tow service companies or repair and body shops.
• Tow motorcycles.
• Assist vehicles that have been involved in a collision unless directedby the CHP.

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On Railroad Tracks
If your vehicle stalls or is otherwise disabled while
blocking any part of the train tracks, there is no accident
or injury, and:• The warning lights are f lashing/train isapproaching—immediately exit your vehicle, run ina 45 degree angle away from the tracks in the directionthat the train is coming, and then dial 9-1-1. You may
only have 20 seconds to escape before the train arrives.
• The warning lights are not flashing/you do notsee a train approaching—exit your vehicle and immediately dial theEmergency Notification System (ENS) number located on the railroad
crossing posts or metal control box near the tracks. Provide the location,
crossing number (if posted), and the road or highway that intersects the
tracks. Be sure to specify that a vehicle is on the tracks. After you call
ENS, call 9-1-1.

DRIVER READINESS
Vision

You need good vision to drive safely (see the Vision section on page 20).
If you cannot see clearly, you cannot judge distances or spot trouble, andyou will not be able to make the best judgments. You also need to see
peripherally or “out of the corner of your eye” to spot vehicles coming up
beside you while your eyes are on the road ahead. Have your eyes checked
annually or biennially.

Hearing

The sound of horns, a siren, or screeching tires can warn you of danger.
Sometimes you can hear a vehicle but cannot see it, especially if it is inyour blind spots.
Even people with good hearing cannot hear well if there is too muchnoise. It is against the law to wear a headset or earplugs in both ears whiledriving.
Hearing problems can come on so slowly that you do not notice them.
Have your hearing checked periodically. Drivers who are deaf or hard ofhearing can adjust their driver safety habits by relying more on their senseof sight to compensate for the loss of hearing.

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Fatigued or Drowsy Driving

Fatigue or drowsiness can affect your vision and increase reaction time tohazards. Avoid driving if you are fatigued or drowsy.
The following will not prevent drowsy driving:• Rolling down the window.
• Drinking/eating caffeine or sugar.
• Turning on or turning up the radio.
• Turning on the air conditioning.
The following will prevent drowsy driving:• Getting enough sleep before driving, and not driving until rested.
• Driving with a passenger, and switching drivers when you start to feel
drowsy.
• Taking regular rest stops even if you are not tired.
• Calling a ride service or friend to take you to your destination.

Medications

Remember that all medications, prescription or over-the-counter, arepotentially dangerous and can impair your driving. Over-the-counter
medicines that you take for colds and allergies can make you drowsy andaffect your driving ability. If you must take medication before driving,
find out the effects of the medication from your physician or pharmacist.
It is your responsibility to know the effects of the medications you
take.
Before you decide to drive, do not:• Mix medications, unless directed by your physician.
• Take medications prescribed for someone else.
• Mix alcohol with your medications (prescribed or over-the-counter).

Health and Emotions

Emotions can affect the way you drive. Do not let your emotions interferewith safe driving. Use your good judgment, common sense, and courtesy
when you drive. Follow the recommended safe driving rules.
Discuss health concerns, such as poor vision, heart problems, diabetes, or
epilepsy with your physician and follow their advice. Notify DMV if you
have a condition that might affect your ability to drive safely.

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Conditions Physicians Must Report

Physicians and surgeons are required to report patients at least 14 years
old and older who are diagnosed as having lapses of consciousness,
Alzheimer’s disease, or related disorders (California Health & Safety
Code [CHSC] §103900).
Although not required by law, your physician may report to DMV any othermedical condition that they believe may affect your ability to drive safely.

ALCOHOL AND DRUGS
Alcohol/Drugs and Driving Is Dangerous

Alcohol and/or drugs impair your judgment. Impaired judgment or
good sense affects how you react to sounds and what you see. It is also
dangerous to walk in traffic or ride a bicycle while under the influenceof alcohol or drugs.
Much of what has been said about alcohol also applies to drugs.
California’s drunk driving law is also a drugged driving law. It refers to“DUI of alcohol and/or drugs.” If an officer suspects that you are under
the influence of drugs, the officer can legally require you to take a bloodor urine test. Drivers who refuse these tests are subject to longer DL
suspensions and revocations.
The use of any drug (the law does not distinguish between prescription,
over-the-counter, or illegal drugs) that impairs your ability to drive safely
is illegal. Check with your physician or pharmacist and read the warninglabel if you are not sure that taking the medication will affect your driving.
Here are some facts:• Most drugs taken for colds, hay fever, allergy, or to calm nerves ormuscles can make a person drowsy.
• Medicines taken together or used with alcohol can be dangerous. Manydrugs have unexpected side effects when taken with alcohol.
• Pep pills, “uppers,” and diet pills can make a driver more alert for a shorttime. Later, however, they can cause a person to be nervous, dizzy, andunable to concentrate. They can also affect the vision.
Any drug that “may cause drowsiness or dizziness” is one you should nottake before driving. Make sure you read the label and know the effects ofany drug you use.

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Use or Possession of Alcohol or Cannabis
Products in a Vehicle

The law is very strict about use or possession of alcohol or cannabis
products in a vehicle on or off the highway. It is illegal to drink any
amount of alcohol, or smoke or ingest any cannabis product while driving
or riding as a passenger in a motor vehicle. A container of alcohol carried
inside the vehicle must be full, sealed, and unopened; however, this law
does not apply to nondriving passengers in a bus, taxi, camper, or motor
home. An open container of alcohol must be kept in the trunk of thevehicle or a place where passengers do not sit. Keeping an open containerof alcohol in the glove compartment is specifically against the law. In
addition, the law prohibits the possession of an open container of cannabis
or cannabis product when operating a motor vehicle.

Drivers Under 21 (Possession of Alcohol)
If you are under 21 years old:
• You may not carry liquor, beer, or wine inside a vehicle unless you areaccompanied by a parent or other person as specified by law and thecontainer is full, sealed, and unopened.
• If you are caught with an alcoholic beverage in your vehicle, the vehicle
may be impounded for up to 30 days. The court may fine you up to$1,000, and either suspend your driving privilege for 1 year or require
DMV to delay the issuance of your first DL for up to 1 year, if you are
not already licensed.
• Your driving privilege will be revoked for 1 year, if you are convictedof either driving with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.01% orhigher or driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol and/or drugs.
On the first offense you will be required to complete the educational
portion of a licensed DUI program. A subsequent offense may requirea longer DUI program and you will not have a restricted DL to attend
the DUI program.
Exception: You may carry alcoholic beverages in closed containers
while working for someone with an off-site liquor sales license.

Drivers of All Ages

It is illegal to drive after consuming excessive amounts of alcohol in any
form (including medications such as cough syrup), or taking any drug(including prescription medications), or using any combination of alcoholor drugs that impairs your ability to drive.

– 101 –

Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) Limits

It is illegal for any person to operate a vehicle with a BAC of:• 0.08% or higher, if the person is 21 years old or older.
• 0.01% or higher, if the person is under 21 years old.
• 0.01% or higher, at any age if the person is on a DUI probation.
• 0.04% or higher, in any vehicle requiring a CDL—with or without a
CDL issued to the driver.
• 0.04% or higher, when a passenger for hire is in the vehicle at the timeof the offense.
DMV can take an administrative action against your driving privilege
after you are detained or arrested for a DUI. The court may take a separate
action for the same offense. DMV’s action is related only to your driving
privilege. The court’s action may involve a fine, jail time, delay of the DL,
and completion of a DUI program.
When notified of a DUI conviction by the court, DMV will take an
additional action to suspend or revoke your driving privilege.
Similar provisions (California Harbors and Navigation Code) apply
when you operate any vessel, aquaplane, jet skis, water skis, or similar
devices. These convictions are placed on your driving record and will be
used by the court to determine “prior convictions” for motor vehicle DUI
sentencing. These convictions are also used when determining the lengthof a suspension or revocation action or the reinstatement requirements,
because of a violation you committed while driving a motor vehicle.

Admin Per Se

When you drive in California, you consent to have your breath, blood or,under certain circumstances, urine tested if you are arrested for DUI of
alcohol, drugs, or a combination of both.
If arrested, the officer may take your DL, issue you a temporary DL for
30 days, and give you an order of suspension. You may request a DMV
administrative hearing within 10 days. The arresting officer may require
you to submit to either a breath or blood test. You do not have a right toconsult with a lawyer before selecting or completing a test.
If your BAC is 0.08% or higher, the peace officer may arrest you(CVC §§23152 or 23153). If the officer reasonably believes you are under
the combined influence of alcohol and drugs, and you have alreadysubmitted to a preliminary alcohol screening (PAS) and/or breath test,
you may still be required to submit to a blood or urine test because thebreath test does not detect the presence of drugs.

– 102 –

If you refuse to submit to the required blood and/or urine test(s), yourdriving privilege may be suspended because of your refusal. Even if youchange your mind later, your driving privilege may be suspended for bothreasons, although both actions will run concurrently.

Under 21—Zero Tolerance for Alcohol Use
If you are under 21 years old, you must submit to a hand-held breath test,
preliminary alcohol screening (PAS), or one of the other chemical tests. If yourBAC measures 0.01% or higher on the PAS, you may be suspended for 1 year.
If your PAS shows a BAC of 0.05%, the officer may require you to submit
to either a breath or blood test.
If a subsequent test reveals a BAC of 0.05% or higher, the officer will
issue you an order of suspension and arrest you for DUI (CVC §23140).

Court DUI Convictions

If you are convicted of DUI of either alcohol and/or drugs or both, andyou have an excessive BAC level, you may be sentenced to serve up to 6
months in jail and pay a fine between $390–$1,000 the first time you areconvicted. Your vehicle may be impounded and is subject to storage fees.
On the first conviction your driving privilege will be suspended for 6 months
and you will be required to complete a DUI program, file a California
Insurance Proof Certificate (SR 22/SR 1P), and pay all fees before your DL
can be reinstated. The length of the program may vary. If your BAC is 0.15%
or higher, and you already have a record of other alcohol-related violations
or you refuse to submit to a chemical test, the court may order you tocomplete a 9-month or longer program. If your BAC is 0.20% or higher andthe court refers you to an enhanced DUI treatment program, your DL will
be suspended for 10 months. You could also be required to install an ignitioninterlock device (IID) on your vehicle. An IID prevents you from startingyour vehicle if you have any alcohol on your breath. If anyone is injured asa result of your DUI, the suspension period is 1 year.
In cases involving serious injury or death, you may face civil lawsuits.
All DUI convictions will remain on DMV records for 10 years. The
courts and/or DMV may impose more stringent penalties for subsequentviolations during that period.
A BAC below legal limits does not mean that you are safe to drive. Almost
all drivers show impairment by alcohol at levels lower than the legal limit.
The impairment you exhibit at the time you are stopped may be enough toconvict you of a DUI even without a BAC measurement.

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THIS PAGE LEFTINTENTIONALLY BLANKGet a DUI - Lose Your License!
It is illegal to drive with a blood alcohol content (SAC) of 0.08% or more (0.04% for commercial
vehicle drivers and 0.01 % if under 21 ). Other factors , such as fatigue, medications or food ma yaffect your ability to legally operate a vehicle. The table below gives an estimate of blood alcoho llevels based on the number of drinks consumed , gender, and body weight. REMEMBER: Even
one drink is likely to affect your ability to drive safely!

Number of
Drinks......

0

0

Vl

I

1

2
3

4
5

M

F
M

F
M

F
M

F
M

F
M

F

®
100
.00
.00
.06
.07
.12
.13
.18
.20
.24
.26
.30
.33

BLOOD ALCOHOL CONTENT (BAC)
Table for Male (M) / Female (F)Body Weight in Pounds

120
.00
.00
.05
.06
.10
.11
.15
.17
.20
.22
.25
.28

140
.00
.00
.04
.05
.09
.09
.13
.14
.17
.19
.21
.24

160
.00
.00
.04
.04
.07
.08
.11
.12
.15
.17
.19
.21

180
.00
.00
.03
.04
.07
.07
.10
.11
.13
.15
.17
.18

200
.00
.00
.03
.03
.06
.07
.09
.10
.12
.13
.15
.17

Driving

220
.00
.00
.03
.03
.05
.06
.08
.09
.11
.12
.14
.15

240
.00
.00
.02
.03
.05
.06
.07
.08
.10
.11
.12
.14

Subtract 0.01 % for each 40 minutes that lapse between drinks.
1 drink = 1.5 oz. 80 proof liquor, 12 oz. 5% beer, or 5 oz. 12% wine.

Fewer than 5 persons out of 100 will exceed these values.

Condition

Only&ar.
Drlvlna Umlt
Driving Skills
Impaired

Legally
lntoxiclbld

Drivers 21 and Older—DUI Programs andRestricted Driver Licenses

Completion of a DUI program is required for all DUI convictions.
Generally, if you are over 21 years old, enroll in a DUI program, filea California Insurance Proof Certificate (SR 22/SR 1P), and pay the
restriction and reissue fees, DMV will issue you a restricted DL, unless
you hold a CDL. First DUI convictions are allowed a DL that restricts
you to drive to/from work, during the course of employment, and to/froma DUI program. However, if you are considered a “traffic” or “public
safety” risk, the court may order DMV to not grant you a restricted DL.
Other actions against you may also prohibit the issuance of a restricted
DL.
Note: Commercial drivers are disqualified for 1 year and cannot obtaina restricted CDL without downgrading to a noncommercial DL (see theCalifornia Commercial Driver Handbook [DL 650] for more information).
Second and subsequent DUI convictions result in increased penalties,
including a 2-year suspension or a revocation of up to 5 years. After you
complete a prescribed period of your suspension/revocation and either
enroll in, or complete a portion of, a DUI program, you may obtain arestricted DL to drive anywhere necessary, if you:
• Install an IID on your vehicle.
• Agree not to drive any vehicle without an IID.
• Agree to complete the prescribed DUI program.
• File an SR 22.
• Pay the reissue and restriction fees.

ADDITIONAL DRIVING LAWS/RULES
Things You Must Not Do:• Do not smoke at any time when a minor is in the vehicle. You can be
fined up to $100.
• Do not dump or abandon an animal(s) on a highway. This crime ispunishable by a fine of up to $1,000, 6 months in jail, or both.
• Do not drive a motor vehicle while using a wireless communications
device to write, send, or read text-based communications.
• Do not wear a headset or earplugs in both ears while driving.
• Do not drive a vehicle so loaded, either with property or people, that you
cannot control it, or see ahead or to the sides of your vehicle.

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— It is illegal to drive any vehicle with an unsafe, unsecured load that isa safety hazard (CVC §24002(a)). Unsecured loads (ladders, buckets,and loose items in the back of pickup trucks) can cause danger forother motorists, especially motorcycles, when they fall onto the road.
• Do not carry anything in or on a passenger vehicle which extends beyond
the fenders on the left side or more than 6 inches beyond the fenders
on the right side. Cargo extending more than 4 feet from the back rear
bumper of the vehicle must display a 12-inch red or fluorescent orange
square flag or 2 red lights at night.
• Do not allow a person to ride in the back of a pickup or other truck,unless the vehicle is equipped with seats and the person uses both theseat and a safety belt.
• Do not transport animals in the back of a pickup or other truck unlessthe animal is properly secured; this prevents the animal from falling,jumping, or being thrown from the vehicle.
• Do not drive a vehicle equipped with a video monitor, if the monitor
is visible to the driver and displays anything other than vehicle
information, global mapping displays, external media player, or satellite
radio information.
• Do not throw any cigarette, cigar, or other flaming or glowing substancefrom your vehicle.
• Do not block your view by putting signs or other objects on the front
windshield or back side windows. Do not hang objects on the mirror.
Windshield/window stickers, etc., are permitted in these locations only:— A 7-inch square on either the lower corner of the passenger’s sidewindshield or lower corner of the rear window.
— A 5-inch square on the lower corner of the driver’s side window.
— The side windows behind the driver.
— A 5-inch square located in the center uppermost portion of thewindshield for an electronic toll payment device.
• Do not block or hinder a funeral procession. Vehicles taking part in a
funeral procession have the right-of-way, and if you interfere, obstruct,
or interrupt the funeral procession, you are subject to a citation (CVC
§2817). A funeral procession is led by a traffic officer. All vehicles
taking part in the procession have windshield markers to identify themand have their headlights on.
• Do not operate a vehicle that has a visual or electronic product or device
that obscures the reading or recognition of the license plate.
• Do not alter a license plate in any manner.

– 107 –

Things You Must Do:• You must turn on your headlights 30 minutes after sunset and leavethem on until 30 minutes before sunrise.
• You must dim your lights to low beams within 500 feet of a vehicle
coming toward you or within 300 feet of a vehicle you are following.

ADMINISTRATIVE
Financial Responsibility

The California Compulsory Financial Responsibility Law requires
every driver and every owner of a motor vehicle to maintain financial
responsibility (liability coverage) at all times. There are 4 forms offinancial responsibility:• A motor vehicle liability insurance policy.
• A deposit of $35,000 with DMV.
• A surety bond for $35,000 obtained from a company licensed to dobusiness in California.
• A DMV-issued self-insurance certificate.
You must possess evidence of financial responsibility whenever you drive,and show it to a peace officer after a traffic stop or collision when asked
to do so. You may have to pay a fine or have your vehicle impounded if
you do not comply with this law.

Insurance Requirements

The law states that you must be financially responsible for your actions
whenever you drive and for all the motor vehicles you own. Most
drivers choose to have a liability insurance policy as proof of financial
responsibility. If you have a collision not covered by your insurance, or
you do not have insurance, your DL will be suspended. If the driver is
not identified, the owner of the motor vehicle involved in a collision will
have their DL suspended.
The minimum amount your insurance* must cover per collision is:• $15,000 for a single death or injury.
• $30,000 for death or injury to more than one person.
• $5,000 for property damage.
* Low cost automobile policies are available in Alameda, Contra Costa, Fresno, Imperial, Kern, Los Angeles, Orange,
Riverside, Sacramento, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Francisco, San Joaquin, San Mateo, Santa Clara, andStanislaus counties. Contact your insurance agent.

– 108 –

Call 1-800-927-HELP before you purchase insurance to confirm that youragent/broker and insurer are licensed by the California Department of
Insurance.
If you are visiting California or have just moved here, be aware that not
all out-of-state insurance companies are authorized to do business in
California. Before you drive here, ask your insurance company if you arecovered in case of a collision. If you have a collision in California, all 3of the following conditions must be met to avoid the suspension of yourdriving privilege:
1. Your liability policy must provide bodily injury and property damage
coverage which equals or exceeds the required limits stated in thissection.
2. Your insurance company must file a power of attorney allowing DMV
to act as its agent for legal service in California.
3. You must insure the vehicle before you come to California. You cannot
renew the out-of-state policy once the vehicle is registered in California.

Collisions on Your Record

DMV retains information on every collision reported to DMV by:• Law enforcement, unless the reporting officer states another person
was at fault.
• You or another party involved in the collision, if any one person has over
$1,000 in damage, or if anyone is injured or dies.
It does not matter who caused the collision; DMV must keep this record.

Collisions, Insurance, and Minors

If you are under 18 years old, your parent(s) or guardian(s) must sign yourDL application and assume financial responsibility for your driving. Whenyou reach age 18, your parent(s) or guardian(s)’ liability automaticallyends.
If you are involved in a collision, your parent(s) or guardian(s) may beliable for civil damages and you may also be fined.
Exception: Your parent(s) or guardian(s) can have your DL cancelled at
any time while you are a minor.

– 109 –

Getting a Ticket

If you are stopped by a peace officer and cited for a traffic law violation,
you sign a promise to appear in traffic court. When you go to court, you
may plead guilty or not guilty, or you may forfeit (pay) the citation fine.
Paying the fine is the same as a guilty plea.
If you ignore the traffic ticket and do not keep your promise to appear
in court, the failure to appear (FTA) goes on your driver record. Even asingle FTA can cause DMV to suspend your DL. To end the suspension,
you must clear all FTAs with the court, and pay a DL reissue fee of $55.
Legislation effective June 27, 2017, no longer allows courts to notify DMV
if you fail to pay a fine (FTP). Failing to pay a fine will no longer resultin the suspension of your DL. To get more information, visit the DMV
website at dmv.ca.gov.
Each time you are convicted of a moving traffic law violation, the court
notifies DMV and the conviction is placed on your DL record. Convictions
reported by other states are also added to your driver record.

Evading a Peace Officer

Any person, while operating a motor vehicle, who willfully flees or
attempts to evade a peace officer performing their duties is guilty of amisdemeanor punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for not morethan 1 year (CVC §2800.1).
If a person is convicted of causing serious bodily injury during the courseof a police pursuit (CVC §2800.3(a)), they are subject to:• Imprisonment in a state prison for 3, 5, or 7 years or in a county jail for
not more than 1 year.
• A fine that is not less than $2,000 or more than $10,000.
• Both a fine and imprisonment.
When a person is convicted of manslaughter resulting from evading police
during a pursuit, they are subject to imprisonment in a state prison for aminimum of 4 to 10 years (CVC §2800.3(b)).

– 110 –

Points on the Driver Record

Your traffic convictions and collisions stay on your record for 36 months,
or longer, depending on the type of conviction.
The Negligent Operator Treatment System (NOTS) is based on negligent
operator points and consists of a computer-generated series of warning
letters and progressive sanctions against the driving privilege.
You may be considered a negligent operator when your driving record
shows one of the following “point count” totals:• 4 points in 12 months.
• 6 points in 24 months.
• 8 points in 36 months.
Note: The point count may vary for commercial drivers. For detailed
point count information, refer to the California Commercial Driver
Handbook (DL 650).

Traffic Violator School Convictions

When a noncommercial driver is cited for a 1 point traffic violation, thejudge may offer the driver the opportunity to attend a traffic violator
school once in any 18-month period to have the citation masked fromtheir driving record. Completion of the course is reported electronicallyto the court by the school; however, the student will receive a completion
receipt from the school.
Note: When a commercial driver is cited in a noncommercial vehicle, thedriver may be eligible to attend traffic school. Refer to DMV’s website forfurther information at dmv.ca.gov.

Suspension or Revocation

If you get too many negligent driver points, DMV will place you on
probation for 1 year (which includes a 6-month suspension) or revoke
your driving privilege (refer to the topics included in the “Administrative”
section on pages 108–114). Your suspension or revocation orderinforms you of your right to a hearing.
At the end of the suspension or revocation period, you may apply for a
new DL and must show proof of financial responsibility.
DMV will revoke your DL if you are convicted of a hit-and-run or recklessdriving that resulted in injury.
Note: Courts have the authority to suspend a person’s DL.

– 111 –

Record Confidentiality

Most information in your DL record is available to the public. Your
residence address may only be viewed by authorized agencies. Your
mailing address, if different from your residence, is less restricted.
Records on the physical or mental condition of a driver remain confidential.
You may obtain a copy of your driving record at any DMV field office
for a fee with valid ID.

Vandalism/Graffiti—All Ages

California law allows the courts to suspend the DL for up to 2 years of aperson convicted of engaging in vandalism, including graffiti. If you areconvicted and do not have a DL, the courts can delay the issuance of yourDL for up to 3 years from the date you are legally eligible to drive.

Speed Contests/Reckless Driving

A person convicted of driving recklessly or engaging in a speed contest
which causes bodily injury to another person is subject to:• Imprisonment.
• A fine.
• Both a fine and imprisonment (CVC §23104(a)).

Possessing Firearms

The court will:• Suspend or revoke the driving privilege of any minor convicted ofpossessing a concealable weapon or live ammunition.
• Impose DL sanctions for minors convicted of misdemeanors involving
firearms.

Vehicle Registration Requirements

The following is a brief summary of California’s vehicle registration
requirements. To obtain detailed information, visit dmv.ca.gov.

California Vehicles
When you purchase a new or used vehicle from a licensed California
dealer, the dealer collects use tax fees to register and title the vehicle.
The use tax is forwarded to California Department of Tax and Fee
Administration (CDTFA).

– 112 –

The transfer and registration fees and documents are submitted to DMV,
which gives you temporary operating authority. Usually within 6 to 8
weeks after the purchase date, you will receive a registration card, license
plates, stickers, and a California Certificate of Title, as appropriate.
If the dealer participates in the Business Partner Automation (BPA)
program, the dealer or their registration service will process DMV
documents and issue the registration card, license plates, and stickers to
the customer.
If you obtain or purchase a vehicle from a private party, you must transfer
the ownership within 10 days. Submit the following to DMV:
• A properly endorsed and completed California Certificate of Title or
Application for Duplicate or Paperless Title (REG 227) form.
• Smog certification, if required.
• Use tax payment, if required.
• Vehicle/Vessel Transfer and Reassignment Form (REG 262), if
applicable.
• Appropriate vehicle registration fees.
When you sell or transfer a vehicle, report it to DMV within 5 days.
You can complete the Notice of Transfer and Release of Liability(REG 138) form online, download and mail the completed form, or call
DMV at 1-800-777-0133 to request the form be mailed.

Out-of-State Vehicles
Vehicles registered in another state or foreign country must be registeredin California within 20 days after you become a resident or get a job(refer to page 3 for information regarding additional residency criteria).
Note: If you are a California resident and acquire a new vehicle, truck,or motorcycle (this includes certain diesel-powered vehicles) from anotherstate, ensure that it meets California smog laws; otherwise, it might not
qualify to be registered here. DMV cannot accept an application toregister the vehicle in California when the vehicle does not qualify forregistration (CHSC §§43150–43156).
Nonresident military personnel and their spouses may operate theirvehicles in California with their valid home state license plates or until
the plates issued from the state of their last assigned duty station expire.
They may renew the registration in their home state before it expires orregister the vehicle in California.

– 113 –

The items needed to register any out-of-state vehicle are:• Completed and signed Application for Title or Registration (REG 343) form.
• Verification of the vehicle completed by DMV, law enforcement agent,or an auto club employee.
• Out-of-state title and/or last issued out-of-state registration card, if thetitle is not submitted.
• Smog certification, if required.
• Weight certificate for commercial vehicles only.
• Appropriate vehicle registration fees and use tax, if applicable.
• Completed Odometer Mileage Disclosure Statement, if applicable.
If the vehicle is purchased from a dealer enrolled in the BPA program, thedocumentation may be submitted by the dealer to DMV.

Vehicle Theft Prevention Tips

Here are some tips you can use to help avoid becoming the victim ofvehicle theft.
• Never leave:— Your vehicle running and unattended, even to dash into a store.
— The keys in the ignition.
— Keys inside a locked garage or a hide-a-key box.
— Valuables, such as purses, laptops, etc., in plain view, even if yourvehicle is locked. Place them out of sight.
— Personal ID documents, such as the vehicle title or credit cards inthe vehicle.
• Always:— Roll up your windows and lock your vehicle even if it is parked in
front of your house.
— Park in high-traffic, well-lit areas whenever possible.
— Immediately report a stolen vehicle to local law enforcement.
• Suggestions:— Install a mechanical device that locks the steering wheel, column,
or brakes.
— Think about purchasing a vehicle theft tracking/security system,
especially if you own one of the frequently-stolen model vehicles.
— When you must leave your key with a valet, attendant, or mechanic,
only leave the ignition key.
— Copy your license plate and vehicle information on a card, and keepthat information with you and not in the car. The police will needthis information if your vehicle is stolen.

– 114 –ONLINE DRIVER LICENSE FAST FACTS
AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS• FFDL 3• FFDL 5• FFDL 6• FFDL 8• FFDL 8A• FFDL 10• FFDL 14• FFDL 15• FFDL 16• FFDL 19• FFDL 22• FFDL 24• FFDL 25• FFDL 26• FFDL 27• FFDL 28• FFDL 29• FFDL 31• FFDL 32• FFDL 33• FFDL 34• FFDL 35• FFDL 36• FFDL 37• FFDL 40• FFDL 41• FFDL 42• FFDL 43• FFDL 45

Driver License Secondary Review Referral Process
Requirements for a California Driver License (Other
Languages)
Requirements for a California Identification Card
Social Security Number
Social Security Number Supplemental Requirements
Potentially Unsafe Driver
Vision Standards
Retention of Driver Record Information
Vehicle Collisions!
Provisional Licensing
Preparing for Your Driving Test
Identity Theft
Identity Fraud
Driver Safety Administrative Hearings Process
DMV’s Reexamination Process
Driver Distractions
Federal Hazardous Materials Requirements
Ignition Interlock Devices
Limited Term for Legal Presence
Selecting a Driving School for Driver Education andDriver Training (DE/DT)
Fast Facts on Organ & Tissue Donation
Driving Under the Influence - Immediate Driver
License Suspension: Drivers Age 21 and Older
Driving Under the Influence - Immediate Driver
License Suspension: Drivers Under Age 21
Sharing the Road
Diabetes and Driving
Helping Drivers Maintain Their Driving Independence
Firefighter Endorsement Training Requirements
Are You a Veteran?
Prescription Medications and Driving. What are theHazards?

– 115 –

• FFDMV 4

Public Information Request - Obtaining Information
From DMV Records• FFDMV 17 How Your Information Is Shared• Senior Guide for Safe Driving (DL 625)
• California Parent-Teen Training Guide (DL 603)
• Preparing for Your Supplemental Driving Performance Evaluation(DL 956)• Driving Test Criteria (DL 955)
For sample test questions, visit the DMV’s website at dmv.ca.gov.

– 116 –NOTES– 117 –

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