PAJ Oil Spill Symposium 2016

Japan’s Initiatives in Prevention
and Clean-up of Spilt Oil/HNSin Light of the OPRC Convention
Tomoyuki Ishizuka, DirectorMarine Environment Protection & DisasterPrevention Division,
Guard and Rescue Department,
Japan Coast Guard
JAPAN COAST
GUARDJAPAN
COAST GUARDContents

Japan Coast Guard Current Situation of Marine Pollution
 Outline of the OPRC Convention
 Japan’s National Contingency Plan Regional Cooperation Setup～NOWPAP～ National Strike Team ( NST)

2

Current Situation of Marine Pollution
No. of cases

Japan Coast Guard

Trend diagram of marine pollution recognized by the Japan Coast Guard

600

524
500

444
24400
300

339

106

13 3820 5427
24 4

24 3455

465
33

104
126

97

6375
25373
306

382
113118 3

187

380
14 3

91

116

256

244257

235

2011

2012

2013

2014

94

200
100

126

500

128

369

302

300

229

0
2005

2006

Oil

2007

2008

Waste

2009

2010

Noxious LiquidOthers3Outline of the OPRC Convention

Japan Coast Guard(Other) R&D (Article 8) Tech. cooperation(Article 9)(Article 3)
Ships, offshore facilities, etc.
A shipboard emergency response plan for oil
pollution should be kept on board(Aid based on regional agreement)
Regional agreement (Article 10)

Dispatch equipment and experts (Article 7)
Party to the convention A(Article 6)
Establish national system Designate authority andcounterpart
 NCP (National ContingencyPlan) Equipment reserve, training

Party to the convention B(Article 6)
Establish national system Designate authority andcounterpart
 NCP (National ContingencyPlan) Equipment reserve, training

Oil spill incident
Request aid(Article 7)

Report (Article 4)
Coastal state(Party to the convention)
Report(Article 5)

Provideinformation

Regional agreement(for Ex. NOWPAP)

Report (Article 5)

Neighboring
country B

Information, advice(Article 12)
The following advice
functions: Information service
 Education/training Technical service
 Tech. support

Neighboring
country AProvideinformation

4

Contents

Japan Coast Guard Current Situation of Marine Pollution
 Outline of the OPRC Convention
 Japan’s National Contingency Plan Regional Cooperation Setup～NOWPAP～ National Strike Team(NST)5

Prevention & Clean-Up Setup in Japan

Japan Coast Guard

Organizational setup and resources for oil spill incidents should be
prepared based on the plans stipulated in the following laws:
1. Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act: Basic Plan for Disaster Prevention,
Operational Plan for Disaster Prevention, Local Plan for Disaster Prevention
2. Law Relating to the Prevention of Marine Pollution and Maritime Disaster: Plan for
the Cleaning of Spilled Oil
3. Law on the Prevention of Disaster in Petroleum Industrial Complexes and OtherPetroleum Facilities: Plan for Disaster Prevention for Petroleum IndustrialComplexes
4. Basic Environment Law: Basic Environment Plan
ＯＰＲＣ Convention:
National Contingency Plan for Oil and HNS Pollution Preparedness and Response
A consolidated summary of national set up to cope with various pollutions based on the existing plans6History of the Formulation/Enhancement of the NCP
OPRC Convention adoptedby IMO(Nov. 30, 1990)

Article 6
Establish a “national contingencyplan” for preparedness and response

OPRC Convention becameeffective(May 13, 1995)

Nakhodka incident

NCP formulated(Cabinet decision on Dec. 15, 1995)
Clarify an immediate response setup,close cooperation among relevantbodies, and designated role sharing in
the event of an oil pollution incident(Jan. 2, 1997)

OPRC-HNS Protocol
became effective(Jun. 14, 2007)

Japan Coast Guard

NCP amended(Cabinet decision on Dec. 19, 1997)

Expanding range of substances to “oil,noxious liquid substances, hazardous
substances, and other substance” that
may cause marine pollution

NCP amended(Cabinet decision on Dec. 8, 2006)

7

Outline of NCP

Japan Coast Guard

OPRC Convention:
National Contingency Plan for Preparedness and Response on Oil and HNS Pollutions
 Matters concerning Preparedness
 Comprehensive preparation of information
 Preparation of response and report/
communication systems
 Preparation of related resources
 Training Cooperation setup with neighboringcountries

 Mutual cooperation of relatedorganizations
 National cooperation
 Regional cooperation

 Others

 Matters concerning Response Establishment of a response system
 Communication of information on oil pollution
incidents
 Evaluation of oil pollution incidents
 Response activities
 Provision of information on resources.
 Health care and safety on responders
 Rescuing wildlife
 Fishing ground conservation
 Securing marine traffic safety and measures forpreventing dangers
 Public relations
 Observation after the incident

 Promotion of R&D, technicaldevelopment
 Other8

Response to Oil Spill Incidents
Direction ofresponse bycommandant asnecessary(Article 42-15)

Implementation
by entrustment
as necessary(Article 42-14-2)

DesignatedMaritime
DisasterPrevention
Organization

Japan Coast Guard(Responses based on the Law Relating to the Preventionof Marine Pollution and Maritime Disaster)
Order response measures asnecessary(Article 39-3)

Ship Owner, etc.

Obligation tocommunicate situation ofspill (Article 38)

Ship Master, etc.

Obligation ofresponding
measures

Obligation ofemergency
measures(Article 39-2)(Article 39-1)

Japan CoastGuard

Request cleaning to heads ofrelevant administrative
organizations as necessary(Article 41-2)

Relevant
Government
Agencies

Clean-up of spilled oil
Restrict navigation on
sea area of the site asnecessary

Oil spill incident

9Response to Oil Spill Incidents
Establish of Disaster
Countermeasures HQJapan Coast Guard(Response based on the Disaster
Countermeasures Basic Act)

Social impact

Degree of damage

Scale of the incident

If large-scale damage has been acknowledged through information gathered, establishthe ”Disaster Countermeasures HQ” (Bureau Chief class of relevant agencies) at the Ministry ofLand, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, headed by the Minister

Incident occurredAssemble Emergency Response Team
If a large-scale maritime disaster with huge social impact is likely to occur or has occurred,
the Cabinet Secretariat assembles the ”Emergency Response Team” (Bureau Chief class ofrelevant agencies) to the Prime Minister’s official residence and consolidates information on
incipient measures of the government

Establish Precautionary HQEstablish Precautionary HQ (representing section chief class officer of relevant agencies) in
the JCG headed by commandant of JCG, If there is anxiety that damage would be widely
spreaded, and consider to have strong and quick response measure including proper
coordination would be required.

Hold meeting among national government agencies
Hold a ”meeting among national government agencies” (Section Chief class of relevantagencies) in order to confirm and to share primary information on the incidents/damages
and to coordinate emergency measures

10Japan Coast Guard

Example of Response in Line with NCP

Yokohama

Oil film

Kawasaki

Muddy oil(as of 10:30 a.m. of Jul. 4)

Haneda Airport

Kanagawa Pref.

<Diamond Grace incident>
Date: July 2, 1997
Site: Offshore on in the southwest of theNakanose route of Tokyo Bay
Outline: Oil tanker Diamond Grace, which
was en route from UAE to theKeihin Kawasaki Sea Berth, struckon sand bank at the site whilenavigating Tokyo Bay northward.
Her bottom plate of starboard side
was broken, and 1,550kl crude oil
was flowed out.

Tokyo Bay

Chiba Pref.
Nakanose
Incident Site

Kimitsu11

Example of Response in Line with NCP
After occurrence of the accident, government
responded by summoning a meeting of national
government agencies and establishing aPrecautionary HQ (later re-organized as Disaster
Countermeasures HQ), in line with NCP. JCG,Maritime Self Defense Forces, Port and Harbor
Authority of Ministry of Transport (at the time),
Maritime Disaster Prevention Center, etc. carriedout response activities.
Dense portion of drifting oil was mostly recoveredby July 4, and there was no longer notable
drifting oil in Tokyo Bay after morning of July 6.

Japan Coast Guard

Situation of oil removal at sea
Measures to prevent diffusion by deploying oil fences.
Recovered drifting oil with absorbents.
dispersant spraying with ship-run

Situation of stranded oil recovery
Recovered stranded oil with absorbents.
Collected oily refuse manually.

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Contents

Japan Coast Guard Current Situation of Marine Pollution
 Outline of the OPRC Convention
 Japan’s National Contingency Plan Regional Cooperation Setup～NOWPAP～ National Strike Team(NST)13

Regional Cooperation Setup

Japan Coast Guard

Action plan advocated by UNEP (UN Environmental Program)

Black Sea

Kuwait←Northwest PacificSouth Asian Sea
Mediterranean Sea

Greater Caribbean Sea

East China Sea

Northeast PacificSouth Pacific
Red Sea / Gulf of Aden
West/Central Africa

Southeast Pacific
East African Sea

Southwest Pacific14Organizational Structure of NOWPAP(Northwest Pacific Action Plan)

Japan Coast Guard

Purpose: To preserve the marine environmenton the Sea of Japan and the Yellow Sea
Adopted: 1994

Inter-Governmental Meeting (IGM)
Supreme decision-making body. Held once a year.

RCU (NOWPAP HQ secretariat)

UN Environ. Program(Nairobi, Kenya)
UNEP

ToyamaofficeBusan office• Planning of activities• Financial management• Liaison and Coordination with
RAC and relevant countries
and organizations• Holding of IGMs

Regional Activity Center (RAC)

DIN / RAC

POM / RACCEA / RAC

MER / RAC

Data/information network

Pollution monitoring

Beijing, China
State Environmental
Protection Administration

Vladivostok, Russia
Academy of Science
Pacific Institute of Geography

Special monitoring,coastal environment
evaluation

Emergency response tomarine pollution

・Shares marine data
Establishes portal site (Activity L)・Establishes marine/coastal naturalreserve database (Activity M)
・Prepares metadatabase on
pollutants and nutrient salts(Activity N)

・Monitors pollutants flowing infrom rivers
・Monitors precipitated pollutantsin the atmosphere

Toyama, Japan
Northwest Pacific Region
Environmental Cooperation Center・Marine and coastal environment
monitoring using remote sensing
・Monitoring harmful algae propagation

Daejeon, South Korea
Korea institute of Ocean
Science & Technology

Marine and Ocean Engineering
Research Institute・Prepares manuals and guidelines
on the preparedness and response
to oil and HNS pollution
・Strengthens coordination andresponse capabilities at emergency

15

Initiatives of NOWPAP MERRAC

Japan Coast Guard○ Formulation of Contingency Planning inNOWPAP region
Stipulates cooperation between NOWPAP member
countries. Member countries can request othermember countries to provide information or paid-for
support for Tier 3 spill incidents, which exceeds OSR
capability of one country.
(History of formulation and amendment of contingencyplans)
1997 Start of contingency planning2004 Start of administration
2006 Expanded scope of application to waters
Former scope of application
surrounding Sakhalin
New scope of application (from Jul. 1, 2006)
2008 Added HNS to target substances▲NOWPAP scope of application(Minor amendments followed)

16

Initiatives of NOWPAP MERRAC(Track Record of Activation of NOWPAP Contingency Plan)

Japan Coast Guard

On Dec. 7, 2007, tanker HEBEI SPIRIT and a crane salvage barge
collided, resulting in a spill of 12,500 kl crude oil

MERRAC secretariat noticed activation of contingency planHEIBEISPIRIT
Location ofincident
Offshore Taeanpeninsula, SouthKorea

South Korean government requested assistance with oil adsorbents

10 tons of oil adsorbents and 4 members of the Japan Disaster Relief
Team were sent from JapanOn Jan. 14, 2008, contingency plan was called off

Japan DisasterRelief Team
dispatched

Bathing beachwhere oil stranded17

Initiatives of NOWPAP

Japan Coast Guard○ Strengthening coordination and response abilities towards emergency

Oil spill response training co-hosted by two countries
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014

1st Japan Russia Joint Training (Sakhalin, Russia)
2nd China South Korea Joint Training (Tsingtao, China)
3rd Japan Russia Joint Training (Wakkanai, Japan)
4th China South Korea Joint Training (Yeosu, South Korea)
5th Japan Russia Joint Training (Vladivostok, Russia)▲ The 3rd Training JCG patrol vessel
Erimo▲ The 4th Training Oil recovery vessel ofthe Maritime Safety Administration ofChina▲ The 5th Training JCG patrol vesselEchigo

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Contents

Japan Coast Guard Current Situation of Marine Pollution
 Outline of the OPRC Convention
 Japan’s National Contingency Plan Regional Cooperation Setup～NOWPAP～ National Strike Team (NST)19History of NST

Japan Coast GuardApril 1995
In order to strengthen maritime disaster prevention system following ratificationof the OPRC Convention, two Strike Teams (eight members) were createdunder Disaster Prevention Office, Search and Rescue Division of the 3rd
Regional HQ

April 1998
Following a series of large-scale oil spill incidents such as Nakhodka incident,
NST Station was newly established and a Chief, Administration Coordinatorand three Strike Teams (12 members) were appointed to further strengthen
maritime disaster prevention setup
October 2007
In order to strengthen HNS response setup followed by ratification of HNS
Protocol of the OPRC Convention, one Strike Team was added, resulting fourteams (16 members) in total

April 2015
NST 20th anniversary

Anniversary

20th20Organization of NST

Japan Coast Guard

JCG HQThe 3rd Regional Coast Guard HQ
NST Station(Yokohama)

3rdRegion

NST Station
Chief

DeputyChiefAdministration
Coordination

Quorum: 19 members

No. 1 Strike TeamNo. 2 Strike TeamNo. 3 Strike Team
No. 4 Strike TeamA Strike Team consists of four persons: a captain,a vice-captain and two members

21

Major Activities of NST

Japan Coast Guard

Large-scale oil spill incidents

HNS incidents

Maritime fires

22Trend of Emergency Dispatch

Japan Coast Guard

Oil

35

Chemical

３１30

FireOthers

25

２３
２１２２

２１
１９２０２０

１９20

24
１４

15

１３

17

17

10

１６

１５

19

11

14

17

21

１２

19
12
90

３
5

2
1

2
1

3
1

1

1

1

'95

'96

'97

'98

'99

'00

'01

１１

9

12

5

１４

１３

1
1
1

1
12

13
12'02'03

'04

'05

6

3

１４

14

10
８

3

9

12
9

2
2

71111'06'07'08'09

98

1
1'10'11

8

3
1
1

1
1'12'13

1'14'15

Total number of dispatches (as of Dec. 24, 2015): 339
23

International Cooperation
Dispatched NST as a Japan
Disaster Relief Team
Korea

Philippines
Singapore

Tanker collision, heavy oil spill incident(Oct–Nov, 1997)
Duration: 5 days
No. of personnel: 4 NST members
Activity: Sent oil recovery equipment, etc.
from Japan and worked on oil recovery

Japan Coast Guard
Tanker collision, crude oil spill incident (Dec.
2007)
Duration: 9 days
No. of personnel: 2 NST members
Activity: Instruction/advice to the Korea
Coast Guard (KCG) on OSRPower generation barge stranding,heavy oil spill incident (Dec. 2013)
Duration: 10 days
No. of personnel: 2 NST members
Activity: Instruction/advice toPhilippines Coast Guard (PCG) onOSRTanker wreck, heavy oil spill incident(Aug. 2006)
Duration: 8 days
No. of personnel: 2 NST members
Activity: Instruction/advice to PCG onOSR24

Technical Support

Japan Coast Guard

AS requested by Sri Lankan government toJapan for technical support on maritime
disaster prevention (especially on how tohandle oil spills), two NST members were sent
to Sri Lanka for one month from Jan. 2015
and provided technical support (training on oilspill response) to the staff of Sri Lanka CoastGuard.
Practical training of oil spill response

Sri Lanka
Colombo

Opening ceremony (Mirissa (location of HQ))

Mirissa

Lecture on oil spill response25Thank you for your attention.

JAPAN COAST GUARD

26