Contents

Acknowledgements ........................................................................................... v
List of Abbreviations....................................................................................... xi

Chapter 1Introduction ................................................................................. 1

Chapter 2 Talmy’s Motion Typology and Its Criticism ........................... 92.1. Talmy (1985) ...................................................................................... 102.1.1. Motion Events and External Events........................................... 102.1.2. Motion Events and Three Lexicalization Types ........................ 132.1.3. First Lexicalization Type: Motion + Manner/Cause ................. 142.1.4. Second Lexicalization Type: Motion + Path ............................. 16
2.1.5. Third Lexicalization Type: Motion + Figure ............................. 19
2.2. Talmy (2000) ...................................................................................... 21
2.2.1. Macro-events and Framing Events ............................................. 21
2.2.2. Functions of Framing Events over Macro-events ..................... 24
2.2.3. Functions of Framing Events over Subordinate Events............ 27
2.2.4. Subordinate Events as Co-Events............................................... 28
2.2.5. Dichotomy and Concept of Satellites ........................................ 312.2.6. Satellite-Framed and Verb-Framed Languages .......................... 34
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2.2.7. What Expresses Co-Events in Verb-Framed Languages? ......... 39
2.3. Criticism against Talmy’s Typology .................................................. 43
2.3.1. Kopecka (2006) ........................................................................... 44
2.3.2. Broader Definition of Satellites .................................................. 47
2.3.3. Reconsideration of Dichotomy ................................................... 49
2.3.4. Satellite-Framed Expressions in Verb-Framed Languages ........ 502.3.5. Verb-Framed Expressions in Satellite-Framed Languages ........ 55
2.3.6. New Proposal .............................................................................. 60
2.4. Recapitulation ..................................................................................... 64

Chapter 3 Event Structure Templates and their Development............. 65
3.1. Aspectual Classification of Verbs ...................................................... 66
3.1.1. Vendler (1957) ............................................................................. 66
3.1.2. Three Temporal Features............................................................. 70
3.1.3. Three Important Situation Types ................................................ 72
3.2. Lexical Decomposition in Generative Semantics ............................. 76
3.3. Lexical Decomposition in Recent Studies ........................................ 80
3.3.1. Two Components of Verb Meaning ........................................... 80
3.3.2. Similar Distinctions Proposed by Other Authors ...................... 82
3.3.2.1. Pinker (1989) .......................................................................... 82
3.3.2.2. Grimshaw (2005) .................................................................... 83
3.3.2.3. Goldberg (1995) ..................................................................... 85
3.3.3. Summary ...................................................................................... 86
3.4. Representations of the Two Components.......................................... 87
3.4.1. Primitive Predicates vs. Constants ............................................. 87
3.4.2. Manner vs. Result Verbs ............................................................. 90
3.4.3. Structure vs. Constant Participants ............................................. 95
3.4.4. Simple vs. Complex Event Structures ..................................... 103
3.5. Revision of Notions of Manner and Result.................................... 108
3.5.1. Divergence from Aspectual Definition ..................................... 108
3.5.2. Nonaspectuality of Lexical Decomposition ............................. 109
3.6. Two Pieces of Evidence against Aspectual Characterization......... 111
3.6.1. Evidence #1: Object Determines Telicity ................................ 112
3.6.2. Evidence #2: Telicity does not Equal Result .......................... 113
3.6.2.1. Evidence #2(1): Result Verbs are not Necessarily Telic.... 113

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3.6.2.2. Evidence #2(2): Telic Verbs do not Necessarily Encode
Result .................................................................................... 115
3.7. Alternatives to Aspectual Definition................................................ 122
3.7.1. Scalar vs. Non-Scalar Changes ................................................ 122
3.7.2. Three Types of Scalar Changes ................................................ 124
3.7.3. Non-Scalar Changes .................................................................. 128
3.7.4. Revision of Event Structure Templates .................................... 130
3.8. Summary and Implications .............................................................. 131

Chapter 4

Event Structure Templates, Event Coidentification, andMacro-event ............................................................................. 135
4.1. Unergative vs. Unaccusative Verbs ................................................. 136
4.2. The Origin of Research into Motion Verbs .................................... 141
4.2.1. Three Types of Motion Verbs ................................................... 142
4.2.2. Motion Verbs and Unaccusativity ............................................ 143
4.2.3. Lexical Subordination and Run Verbs...................................... 147
4.2.4. Arguments against Lexical Subordination Analysis ................ 151
4.2.5. First Alternative and its Problems ............................................ 154
4.3. Event Coidentification as Second Alternative................................. 157
4.3.1. What is Event Coidentification? ............................................... 157
4.3.2. Event Coidentification and Semantic Representation .............. 160
4.4. Event Coidentification and Event Structure Templates .................. 162
4.4.1. Event Structure Template of Goal Prepositional Phrases ....... 162
4.4.2. Event Coidentification and Scalarity ........................................ 169
4.4.3. Coidentified Event Structure Template..................................... 172
4.5. Event Coidentification and Macro-events ....................................... 174
4.5.1. Parallelism between Talmy’s and Levin & Rappaport Hovav’sAnalyses ..................................................................................... 175
4.5.2. How to Solve Problems with Mapping?.................................. 179
4.6. Advantages of our Approach ........................................................... 184
4.7. Conclusion ........................................................................................ 187

Chapter 5 English Examples and Translations ..................................... 189
5.1. When Verb walk Takes no Prepositional Phrase ............................ 191

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5.2.
5.3.
5.4.
5.5.

When Verb walk Takes Goal Prepositional Phrase ........................ 201
When Verb walk Takes Directional Prepositional Phrase .............. 213
When Verb walk is Followed by Particle away ............................. 220
Conclusion ........................................................................................ 225

Chapter 6

Conclusion ................................................................................ 227

References and Works Cited ...................................................................... 233
Index ................................................................................................................. 239