Natural Disasters reported1900-2011

Badaoui ROUHBAN
Director
Unit for Natural Disasters
UNESCO, Paris

EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database - www.emdat.be - Université catholique de Louvain - Brussels - Belgium

10 Major Disasters (fatalities) in the last 30 years

Average number of deaths per reported disaster

Iran
Earthquake
Bangladesh
Cycl/flood
Venezuela
Flood
Iran
Earthquake
Indonesia, others Eq/tsunami
Pakistan
Earthquake
MyammarCycl/flood
China
Earthquake
Haiti
Earthquake
Armenia
Earthquake

1990
35,0001991
140,000
1999
30,0002003
27,0002004 over 280,000
2005 over 80,000
2008 over 130,000
2008
90,0002010 over 200,000
1988
25,0001,2001,000
8006004002000

High Human Development

Medium Human Development

Low Human Development
PNUD

Type of Disasters
NATURAL DISASTERS

SUDDEN.

- Earthquakes- Tsunami- Volcanic Eruptions- Floods- Landslides- Storms, Hurricanes,Cyclones- Meteorites

HUMAN DISASTERSSLOWENVIRONMENTAL- Climate Changes- Desertification- Drought- Climate Changes(greenhouse effect)- Chemistry (Bhopal,AZT)- Deforestation- Nuclear (Chernobyl,Fukushima)- Uncontrolled town
planning, megacities

TECHNOLOGICAL- Oil spill (ExxonValdez/Alaska)- Drying Lakes

HAZARD x

VULNERABILITY

Hx

V==RISKR

INTERACTIONS COMPLEX DISASTERS

BREAKING THE LINK
• Riskassessment

Hazards areinevitable• Prevention• Preparedness• Emergency
response

Disasters are notinevitable

Natural Disaster Reduction, UNESCO’s contribution – B. Rouhban

United Nations system engaged in DRR

Hyogo Framework for Action

Five Priority Areas

World Meteorological Organization

WORLD BANKUNESCOUnited
Nations
Educational
Scientific (natural, social, human sciences)
Cultural (culture, communication, information, WHC)
Organization

Governance.
Risk identification, assessment,monitoring and early warning.
Knowledge management andeducation.
Reducing underlying risk factors.
Preparedness for effective responseand recovery

UNESCO’s Actions for Disaster Reduction

Natural Sciences Sector

Long-term Goals
 Observation and early warning networks of natural hazards
 Hazard risk mapping Disaster-resistant building codes Education for disaster reduction
 Help make schools safer
 Promotion of public awareness through communication
 Protection of cultural monuments and sites
 Social dimensions and ethics of disasters

UNESCO Scientific Programmes Natural Sciences- International Hydrological Programme (IHP)- Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB)- International Engineering Initiative- International Geosciences Programme (IGCP)- Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) Social and Human Sciences- Management of Social Transformations (MOST) Programme

Establishment of international and regional centres• Japan,• Peru,• Iran,• FYR Macedonia,• Netherlands• …

Global Tsunami Warning System

Pakistan Flood Risk
Management
International Flood
Initiative

Pakistan Flood Risk
Management
Integrated flood and watershedmanagement
Groundwater resources foremergency situations
Glaciers Melt, landslides andground instability geohazards inflood affected areas
Education and capacity building
as a cross-cutting issue

International Flood Initiative

International Centre for Water Hazard andRisk Management (ICHARM)
Tsukuba, JapanDROUGHT HORN OFAFRICA¾ Flood resilience¾ Floating buildings¾ Redesigning urban areas• Operational Regional Drought earlywarning system• A Regional Groundwater Resources
Database• A critical mass of scientists¾ Flood warning¾ Developing flexible, appropriate software tools for realtime flood prediction¾ Examining the effect of climate on flood prediction tools¾ Using SMS messaging to deliver flood warning by location• A set of drought response policies for
managing groundwater in emergency
situationsHaïtiHaïti – Presidential Palace, 2010

http://www.lejdd.fr/International/Ameriques/Images/Port-au-Prince-ravage/Temoin-164695/

HAITI
Training of 350 masons on earthquakeresistant housingPsychosocial support for secondary school
childrenReconstruction and equipments for secondary
schools and vocational collegesSupport for community radio stations
Rapid reestablishment of Haitian coastal
hazard warning services
Humanitarian commmunication programmes inrefugee camps
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0019/001905/190539f.pdf

UNESCO - IPRED
International
Platform forReducing
Earthquake
DisastersIPRED - Earthquakes

International Platform for Reducing Earthquake Disaster (IPRED)

Chile: Universiad Catolica de Chile
Egypt: National Research Institute of
Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG)

UNESCO

Indonesia: Research Institute for Human
Settlements (RIHS)

Center of
Excellence:
BRI/IISEE ofJapan

Kazakhstan: Institute of Seismology
Mexico: National Center for Disaster
Prevention (CENAPRED)…

Peru: Japan-Peru Center for Earthquake
Engineering and Disaster Mitigation (CISMID)
Romania: National Center for Seismic Risk
Reduction (CNRRS)
Turkey: Istanbul Technical University (ITU)

ResearchTraining

Database

International Platform for Reducing Earthquake Disasters

RELEMR - Earthquakes

Reducing Earthquake Losses in the Extended Mediterranean Region

RELSAR - Earthquakes

Reducing Earthquake Losses in the South Asia RegionLNSN - Earthquakes

Global Taskforce on Building Codes

Libyan National Seismological Network – National project with regional vocation

Kathmandu Office, Nepal and New
Delhi Office, India

 Establishment ofEarthquake Monitoring
Stations in Nepal
 Preparedness for FloodRisk Reduction through
Mapping and Assessing
Risk and Management
Options and Building
Capacity in Lal Bakaiya
Watershed, Nepal Improving Human
Security through Better
Understanding of Flood
Mechanism in theHimalayas: A Pilot Projectfor Flash FloodManagement in the lesser
Himalayas of South Asia

ICL - Landslides

International Consortium on
Landslides (ICL)Kyoto University

International Consortium on Landslides

IMEWS - Volcanoes
DIPECHO Project: Strengthening Early
Warning Systems inCentral America from a multi-threat perspective

Volcanoes - International Monitoring Early Warning SystemSafe School Strategy
School collapse or damages

 Inventory and diagnostic of EWS in Central America.
 Study of EWS legal frameworks and procedures.
 Validation of the "Manual on EWS Regional Flood" (produced by theOAS).
 Guidelines for the design and sustainability of EWS to Landslides /Mudslides
 Development of educational materials on EWS for the Ministries ofEducation.
 Incorporation of EWS in the formal school curriculum of each country.
 Awareness workshops and training aimed at authorities and officials
from the ministries of education in the subject EWS.
 Support national efforts to commemorate the International Day for
Disaster Reduction(ED, SC, SHS, CLT, CI)

 UN Interagency(UNISDR, Unicef, WB, etc)

 DRR Community•Bingol, Turkey 2003 (84)•Ahmedabad, India 2003 (>25)•Kashmir, Pakistan 2005
•Sichuan, China 2008 (>6,500Classrooms)•Haiti 2010 (>5,000 schools)

UNESCO - Indigenous

School Safety

 Multi-sectoral•Tangshan, China 1976 (>2,000)•Spitak, Armenia 1988 (>1,000)•Ardakul, Iran 1997 (110)

1. Baseline study on school
safety activities worldwide
2. Methodology for assessing
school safety
3. School safety index
4. Guidelines forstrengthening school
safety5. Implementation of school
safety measures, e.g.:(soft Æ emergency plans)(hard Æ retrofitting)(Plan, Save the Children, INEE)TPKEIndigenous
Knowledge
ESD-DRRDIPECHO Project: Learning andPreparedness for Tsunamis
 Learning andPreparedness forTsunamis

Education Package “Earthquake
Preparedness Programme for School”

Asia-Pacific Cultural Centre for
UNESCO (ACCU)UNESCO Office, Jakarta
Reinforce the school community group in disaster
preparedness
1.
2.

Development Kit for Teachers
Learning Materials for Teachers

3.

Worksheet for Students

Programmes andmaterials in Disaster
Reduction andPreparedness

Support for the study of geo hazards within
the framework of the geosciences Initiatives
African Region

DRR Activities
Sub-Saharan Africa

to improve the awareness and theunderstanding of, and the preparedness forgeohazards
to be included and specifically addressed in thestudy of Earth science in the Africa universities.

Hyogo framework for action
2005-2015

DRR integration into curricula
1.

A comprehensive mapping thatcaptures key national experiencesand good practices with regards tointegration of DRR in school
curriculum2.

A guidance for governments,ministries and partner agencies andorganizations to effectively integrate
DRR in curricula. It will draw fromprevious experiences and further
DRR agenda through curriculum
enhancement.

Priority No 3:
Knowledge, innovation and education Building a culture of resilient communities“the integration of disaster risk reduction as an
intrinsic element of the UN Decade of Educationfor Sustainable Development”,

TPKEUNESCO Bangkok
Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for
Education
MinimumStandards for
Education:
Preparedness,Response,Recovery.

Education for Natural Disaster
Preparedness in the Context of ESD
UNESCO Bangkok
 Take stock of ongoing ENDP activities at the country level Conduct situational analyses in the following proposed
countries to identify and address gaps and needs:
ChinaJapan

India

Indonesia

Philippines

Sri Lanka

ThailandVanuatu

1. Development of an ENDP materials website
2. Regional Workshop on Education for Disaster Risk
Reduction for Sustainable Development
3. Curriculum recommendations

Web-Tools

Culture Sector

The The World Heritage Convention

 World Heritage

The World Heritage Convention:

Protecting, safeguarding andmanaging the tangible andintangible heritage-

unique international legal instrument for theprotection of both cultural and natural Heritage-international cooperation in favour of the promotionof peace and recognition of cultural diversity

Strategy for reducing risks
at World Heritage Properties

World Heritage

A concept created by anemergency:

Purposes:
Strengthen the protection of World Heritage
Contribute to sustainable development

1910 : The first dam is built in Aswan

integrate concern for heritage into national disaster
reduction policies} incorporate concern for disaster risk reduction withinmanagement plans and systems for World Heritage

The Nubian monuments are threatened by
the water of the lake created by the dam.

}1960 : The construction of the high damof Aswan is accomplishedproperties in their territories.

“The Nubian monuments will disappear
under the water unless…”

8 March 1960

BAM, IRAN

UNESCO launches an international campaign…
UNESCO requests international
technical and financial assistance inorder to save the Nubian monuments.
A group of experts, coming fromdifferent countries, is asked to prepare
an action plan in order to safeguard all
the Nubian heritage.
- the contribution of 50 countries- an amount of around US$ 80 millions- the acceleration of the excavations
The temples of Abu Simbel and Philae are “saved”.
Copyright: Richard Langenbach

UNESCO’s response to
Natural disasterTo protect
cultural heritage

Landslides, Machu Pichu, Peru
International Programme on Landslides supported by UNESCO

SOCIAL AND HUMAN SCIENCES

Ethics and Disasters
International Institute of Seismologyand Earthquake Engineering