Research Misconduct
New Student Orientation

Typical Misconduct in Research : “FFP”
Fabrication（捏造）

Research Ethics
Research Ethics Education in GSES

Falsi cation（改竄）
Plagiarism

Fair Research Promotion Committee
Graduate School of Environmental Studies

Making up data or results and recording or reporting them.

Manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes,
or changing or omitting data or results such that theresearch is not accurately represented in the researchrecord.
Appropriation of another person's ideas, processes,results, or words without giving appropriate credit.

（盗用，剽窃）(De nition by “Federal Policy on Research Misconduct”,MEXT, Japan)

Nobuhiko Iki

https://www.mext.go.jp/b̲menu/shingi/gijyutu/gijyutu12/siryo/attach/1334741.htm

Fabrication

No time to do moreexperiment.

Oh, yes!
In my theory, the data
must be on this line!

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But, you need more data
points to prove it and tofinish your thesis.

I know a data point
must be here…

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Falsi cation
What happened withthis data point?

It must be affected bya noise. It will be
criticized by a reviewerof the journal.

I do not know thereason.
But, Professor says it
is a noise. I do notneed this data point…

Proper citation

Plagiarism

Style of citation depends on the research eld.

Copy-Pasting sentences or gures :Using published data or idea :To clarify where the original idea has come from.

from journals, books, reports in printed or digital sources

Use of idea, data, equations, etc.:

without proper acknowledgement / permission

Use of text :Quote the text in quotation marks, with indentation, or in
italic fonts, etc. without modi cation.

UnintentionallyPunishment
depending onthe seriousnessof the case

Note in the text and on the corresponding material. Showthe source in the reference list. You may need to get
permission from the publisher of the source.

According to the guideline of Research Ethics Education in Tohoku University,
GSES will request the students to practice the following items:

Research Ethics~Guidelines for responsible conduct in research~① At least once during a Master’s or Doctoral course
Get the prescribed course of “eAPRIN” (e-learning program) provided by
Association for Promotion of Research Integrity. (https://www.aprin.or.jp/en).

What you should and shouldn’t do in research.

Research misconduct : Fabrication, Falsi cation, Plagiarism

The course will consists of 7 to 8 modules.
Access ID and the name of the course will be noti ed later by GSES educational o ce.
Submit the cirti cate that will be issued after you have nished the course.

Proper data management and handling : How to get, analyze, and store data.
Rules in collaborative research : Data management. Con ict of interest.

② At least once a year
Participate in a Laboratory Seminar on research ethics in-practice.
PhD students are requested to help the sta s holding the seminar.

Proper publication : Proper authorship and citation. Double publication.
Social responsibility of researchers : Responsibility to the society and to the Earth.

GSES asks the supervisors to hold a laboratory seminar about research ethics in-practice.
It includes how to aquire and record data, how to write notebooks, how to write jountal
paper, etc. M.S. course students should participate in the seminar, and PhD course
students should help the sta s to hold the seminar and to put ethics into practice.

……….
As an individual who will be involved in research activities in Tohoku University,For a student who’s laboratory is not in a Core Division of GSES
A research ethics education program may be provided by the institute to whichyour laboratory belongs. One or both of the above items may be exempted
depending on the content of the program. Ask your supervisor.

a student is required to acquire correct knowledge about research ethics andfi

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to put it into practice in his/her research life .

flIn making class presentations.

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In writing class reports.

Use of drawings, photo, graph, etc.:fi

In writing journal papers or theses.

fiorffIntentionallyNote in the text, and show the source in the reference list.