Strategy for Large Scale
Housing Reconstruction;p
Pakistan’s Experience

Snapshot – The Disaster7.6
76 Richter Scale Earthquake
Hit Pakistan in Oct 2005
The Quake left 73,000 deadand more than 70
70,000000
severely injured
3 million rendered shelterq km
less over 30,, 000 sq
600,000,houses
destroyed/damaged

Conception
pto CompletionpO b 8,October
8 2005200Theh Earthquakehk occurs

November 1212, 2005

Damage & Needs Assessment Released

November 19,, 2005

Around $ 6 Billion Pledged
g atDonors’ ConferenceDecember 2005
December,Preliminary Rapid Grants Distribution(Transitional Support Grant – 1stTranche of Housing Subsidy)

Jan-Mar 2006
Housing December 2010
Multi-stakeholder consultation for
Policy Development led by ERRA
Project completed

The Initial Response

Temporary Shelter Support Grant to
550,000 people
Detailed damage assessment survey
carried out, confirming 600,000
affected
ff t d housesh(approx.
(80% totallyt t ll
destroyed)
GoP through ERRA launched housing
reconstruction program in 9 affecteddistricts:
 Rs.175k grant for reconstruction Rs.75k grant for repair/restoration

Salientsli
off theh Policyli

Policy Pillar 1: Owner-Driven Housing
Reconstruction-Homeowners in charge ofrebuilding their own homes

Strategies
gProviding an enabling environment to homeowners, through:Prior training, information, & communication campaigns
 Rebuilding with familiar methods & easily accessible
materials – ensuring cultural preferences in design Providing technical assistance during construction;
 Promoting use of own labor & salvaged materials;
 Establishing building materials supply chain; Facilitating opening of bank accounts.
Policy Pillar 4: Assisted and Inspected
Reconstruction & Restoration

Strategies







Over 600 assistance and inspection (AI) teams mobilized for house-tohouse outreach
Disbursements in tranchés linked to stages
g of construction andcompliance with seismic standards
TranchéTanché disb
disbursement
sement ththrougho gh Banks after
afte progress/quality
p og ess/q alit
certification based on technical criteria
PMTs provided continuous assistance & advise

Policy Pillar 2: Ensuring uniform assistancepackages
pg and maximizinggpprogramgoutreach
Strategies
Cash SUBSIDY for core housing unit – not replacement of loss; Coordination
Cdi tioff multiple
lti l reconstruction
tti
initiatives
i iti ti& standards
t d d forfequity;
 application of uniform policies across the board:Ascertaining application of seismic design standards
 Ensuring full spatial coverage;
 Reducing
R d i
risks
i k off beneficiary
bfi i
doubled bl countingti
or beingb imissed;

Rebuilding In-situ - addressing land ownership & availability issues,
minimizing relocation costs.

Policy Pillar 2: Ensuring uniform assistancepackages and maximizing program outreach
Strategies
Transparent, uniform criteria for grant eligibility:

Replacement of a destroyed house with a newseismic-resistant core unit; Restoration and strengthening of a damaged houseto seismicallyy acceptablepstandards

Relocatione ocat o onlyo y wheree e necessary
ecessa y – i.e.,e , wheree e naturalatu ahazard risk remain very high due to seismicity, topography,
soil conditions etc.

Policy Pillar 3: Ensuring judicious use of grants - avoiding socioeconomic inequities; managing conflicts & grievances

Strategies







Consistent & Transparent Damage Assessment criteria - across all
affected districts, with resurveys for specific trouble areas;
EligibilityEli
ibilit subject
bj t tot ownership;
hi or ini case off tenants,
tt authorization
th i tifrom owners to rebuild the house;
MOUs signed with beneficiaries to ensure judicious use of grants, withpenalizing clauses for intentional non-compliance
Participatory and inclusive grievance redressal systemsPolicy Pillar 5: Ensuring Seismic Safety

Strategies
Development of designs, construction guidelines, and training
curricula, that meet internationally accepted requirements for low costearthquake resistant housing, such as:thinner walls
thill lighter roofing
 well connected structural systemsy excluding the use of “katcha” type construction;
Establishing a review and approval mechanism for additional design
approvals submitted by miscellaneous stakeholders, based onreference minimum structural design standards;

Seismic zoning and multi-hazard risk mapping factored in planning andconstruction.

Success Factors of The Program
●●
●

●
●

●

●

●Owner DrivenODibutb assisted
i d andd Inspected
Id reconstruction
iLocal and Vernacular designs – Dhajji, Bhattar, Lipa Type
Compliance Regime withith phased inspection and COMPLINACE
CATALOGUE for maximizing the compliance rate of the program
Disbursement mechanism through banking channels
Extensive social mobilization with the help of robust public
information campaign to ensure behavioral change and culture ofcompliance
Eligibility issues resolved based on local traditions – Owner Tenant
issue
By products of the program included – Rural landless andp
hazardous land policies
Extended help to vulnerable through building of model houses

Success Factors of The Program●●●●PolicyPli off constant engagement with
i h people
l andd theirh i training
i i andd
public information campaign
Optimum use of technology to resolve grievances at the local level
through data resource centers
Ensuring
g supply
pp y of construction material throughg establishinggconstruction material hubs
Mid course corrections in the policy where necessaryTh kThanks