
Global Plate Tectonics

Purpose of the seminarEarthquake disaster preparedness
June 24, 2008

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 This seminar is designed for international students andacademics from overseas who are currently residing in Nagoya
area, to help them learning about earthquakes, how to beready and what to do when an earthquake strikes. The seminaraims to help participants to deal with unnecessary anxiety andto provide useful information which will be applicable not onlyin Japan but elsewhere in the world.

 
Koshun Yamaoka   
Research Center for Seismology, Volcanology and Disaster Mitigation
Graduate School of Environmental Studies
Nagoya University
12
World Earthquake map(1977-2007 M>5)  

Looking carefully around China

3    
The source of earthquake was thought to be rumblingby an underground catfish (Namazu)

5

6Harvard ETOPO2 (NOAA)Earthquake tremorWhat is earthquake?

Earthquake
tremorShaking of ground surfacewith an origin beneath the surface.
%Seismic intensity) Propagation of seismic wave 
Generation of seismic wave 
Generation of earthquake =dislocation along a fault surface

The process in which a fracture of rock beneath thesurface produces seismic wave and shake the ground.

"!#$ %magnitude or Richter scale)7
What is earthquake?

8 
Fracture initiation
9

SHINDO - seimic intensitywith 10 grades  Tremor strength depends on Shindo

Major damages happen above and eq. to shindo 6 lower.

10   
Shindo 7 is the largest seismic intensity index in Japan.

11Tohoku Univ.)

PSP and S waveNature of earthquake tremor

 P  S

Variation of the number ofearthquakes for Tottori-kenseibu earthquake#2000).

Start with P followed by S

12Aftershocks
  
The first shock is the largest.
 

Schematic illustration for thetemporal change in thenumber of earthquakes.

Many aftershocks follow large
main shocks.
  "!

Number of aftershocks
reduces day by day.

13

#,Long-term prediction ofearthquake occurrence
Where to occur
+314 , www.jishin.go.jp

15#-."$%*)"
+ # &"'&%
Probability of strong ground motion with
Shindo >6- in the next 30 years.
(National Seismic Hazard map.)

National Seismic Hazard map http://www.j-shis.bosai.go.jp/j-shis/,

Inland Eq. along Active Fault
 ,Eq. along Plateboundary6<=:6132 .#8777
6av. Interval for eachfault = 1000yr.

2003 ")3
2004 
2007 $!
2000 -"%)

"&1993 (,(M6.2),(M6.8),(M6.9), (M7.3)
1995 ")6<;/
613,2
.97=877
6av. Interval foreach seismic area
= 50-100yrs.

1994 ( (M8.4)% (M7.8)

2004 *' (M7.1)
1993 *' (M7.8)
2003 , (M8)1994 +450

2003 3, (M7.6),(M7.0), (M7.3)

16*)"!%

Probability within the next 30 years

1718  
Where is the damaged area in 1923 Kanto
Earthquake (M7.9) ?

 
Ground motion is magnified in soft ground.

Soft Evacuate yourself to higher place(shindo)Hard




Tokyo bayBay, Pond, River

19

20
For SAVE YOUR LIFE  Earthquakes and revision of Building codes21  SAVE YOUR LIFE

Live in earthquake-resistant buildings and houses 1948 Fukui earthquake    1968   9M7.9:

+ ,+%* &-'!
 Earthquake damage strongly depends upon the strength of buildings.

         9  ,: 1995++              1978   9M7.4: ), +6433+ 921+"+#)&-&(!
 1995 Kobe earthquake 2M7.33 Death toll is 6433 (92% of the victims
were dead within 15 minutes by the collapse of buildings).

Fasten Furniture inappropriate way

Furniture may fall or topple
over even if the building do
not collapse.

 1995  

42537186

 1923+), 54+ 541"+#)
&-&(!,+7610#$&(*./)'!
 1923 Kanto earthquake (M7.9) Death toll is ca. 100,000. 10% weredead by the collapse of the houses. Others are dead in fire, that
destroyed 43% of Tokyo city.

!*&,0(".$)#$%;=<;+'-/&You have to check whether your house is built after
1981 or not.
22

Fix furniture to a stiff wall   23   
Make clearance for your safety at least in your bedroom.

24
Otherwise2005 Fukuoka
earthquake25

  26



2005320



27

 
When you feel strong tremor inside your house.     
Who rescued you when you were buried?

PNQDVFHUC

Be friendly with neighbors.

Protect your head under tables or desks.

$ 
By themselvesZM[!
"
By their familyZ

A+0512059

[#  !By neighborsZ$A(>=>,5,<<3<=,7.0

SCIX WXIX ERCIT

!


 !
By somebodyZD[A&8?0;7607=,<<3<=,7.0
"

ERCITKB KJ

teamZ
!
" [By rescue$Other/.0 )*8When you are outside5

You do NOT need to extinguish heaters or gas burners
DURING quake. They are automatically turn out.
+8' 0- ( * 0.!57*5,8%2'#P[LCGCOX ERCIT-)% 



Y

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Turn out electric circuit breaker when you are evacuated.
'5.0<=>:>85

*>0<=387,3;<18;=2090;<87@28;0<.>0/37$$ '8-00,;=2:>,40

At your bedside.-a pair of shoes or house shoes
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You may be injured inyour foot.
(,)*&$

Protect your feet from broken glass. %'+( "!!#&"

Find your way out in black-out.  !

0-Whistle In case you are trapped inside.

!#%!

1. Eyeglasses !
Useless to say. Need spare eyeglasses.

31

What should be preparedfor evacuation after big earthquakes?
  
 Food and Drink$!
 3 litters of water/person/day for 3days 4

50,-1"'5 &% 5

 Generally, it need 3 days before the rescue teams come.

#&2005320

32


More information in English

Pavement

30

How to contact with families   
Use cellular phone (Not recommended)
!%&
Use cellular mail"$#!
aUse 171 (Disaster message exchangeprogram)'('!b Use Disaster message board on Cell phone   !
Use pay phone (the system is separated).
 !%   &33

Seismic intensity for potential Tokai
earthquake Aichi prefecture http://www.pref.aichi.jp/global/en/index.html
 Tokyo Metropolitan government prepare English guide forpreparing big earthquake.

 http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/ENGLISH/index.htm
  Guide to foreign Residents Earthquake Survival Manual (PDF)86pp
 http://www.seikatubunka.metro.tokyo.jp/index3files/e- Emergency Kit"*, First aid
 Flashlight

It is safer inside than outside.


Open the door and keep the exit (Doors may deform and cannot
be opened and you may be locked.)
"61;98#5?&$3465 "5@Z$$![A/-Flashlight Look for New building andrash into it.
 

honbun.pdf

 Transistor radio and its batteries/+(! Shizuoka Prefectural Earthquake Preparedness Education Center http://www.e-quakes.pref.shizuoka.jp/english/index.htm

 Chash, bank card2)3.
 …..

343536

 
Sequence before Warning is issued for Tokai Earthquake.

(What is Earthquake Early Warning?

,061).4%1*/2&53-8

EEW are not always announced before strong motion comes.
'"+%1*

EEW works for Miyagi 2005.8.16

'" +%170)        Precursor signal is detected.

(?
9'>:6 second for 5 Observation announcement(Kansoku Joho)

Precaution announcement(Chu’ui Joho)

Prediction annoucement(Yochi Joho)“Warning”(Keikai sengen) 

from the PrimeMinister
TV %*








(;A9'?:
18 second for 6 -37

 Ealy Earthquake Warning$
9'?:
6-

(;=
9'>:
13 sedond for 5 +Announced by Japan Meteorological Agency

!
9'?:6+38






39

     
EEW do not match Inland earthquakes

Image on TV9:#(<9'?:2 second for 6 -9'@:7!&$
Chime of EEW"(#)' PublicAnnouncement
Yure-masu  %* 40  ….

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