greenpeace.org

Campaigning for Sustainable Agriculture

Bayer
CropScience
contaminates
our rice

Greenpeace is an independent global
campaigning organisation that acts tochange attitudes and behaviour, toprotect and conserve the environment
and to promote peace.

Contents
A Contamination Nightmare

3

US Export markets impacted by GE
contamination

4

Key dates in the LL rice scandals

5

The situation now

6

LL601 and other Bayer GE rice varieties

7

Should consumers be worried
about eating LL rice?

7

Contamination threats

8

Bayer CropScience9

Rice facts

9

Securing a Healthy Industry Conclusion and Demands

10

End Notes

11

For more information contact: jeremy.tager@int.greenpeace.org
JN 085
Published in October 2007
by Greenpeace International
Ottho Heldringstraat 51066 AZ Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Tel: +31 20 7182000
Fax: +31 20 5148151
greenpeace.org

Cover image: ©Greenpeace/Novis

Bayer CropScience
contaminates our rice

The following is a summary of events
surrounding one of the worst cases of genetic
engineering contamination of food in history
and one of the most damaging events in thehistory of the US rice industry.
The devastation has been caused by themultinational company Bayer CropScience which maintains that the contamination
wasn't their fault - it was an 'act of God'.

A Contamination Nightmare
On August 18, 2006 the US Department of Agriculture(USDA) announced that genetic engineering contamination
had been detected in US rice supplies. The USDA predictably
declared that the quantities were small and there were no
health risks associated with the rice. (1) They made theseclaims with no supporting data.
From that low-key announcement, the US rice industry
found that Bayer CropScience, the giant pharmaceuticaland chemical company, had devastated US rice farmers andglobal markets of the US rice industry. As events unfolded it
became apparent that Bayer had managed to contaminate
not only at least 30 per cent of US rice supplies but the seed
sources, upon which farmers depended and they had done
so not just once but three times - with three different
genetically engineered (GE) varieties.
Two of the varieties were unapproved for use anywhere in theworld (LL601, LL604), although the USDA quickly gave postcontamination approval to one of those varieties - LL601. (2)One variety (LL62) was approved in the US and in Canada forimport - but otherwise has no approval in any other country
for consumption or cultivation. (3)Globally, the impacts have been devastating. The 25 member
state EU imposed strict testing and certification requirements
and traders and retailers of rice shut down the US trade,
stopping shipments, removing rice from shelves, cancellingorders and sourcing their rice from other countries such as
Thailand, Vietnam and even Uruguay. (4)Japan and Korea imposed equally strict testing requirements,
followed some months later by the Philippines when
Greenpeace revealed contamination there. Russia andBulgaria imposed bans on US rice and Mexico, Iraq andCanada imposed test and certification requirements onimports. The United Arab Emirates required a GE freeguarantee. (5)As of July 2007, Greenpeace has identified 30 countries
where contamination of rice supplies with Bayer's
unapproved GE varieties has been confirmed:
Austria, Belgium, Canada, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece,
Guatemala, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kuwait, Luxemburg,
Mexico, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Philippines,
Poland, Sierra Leone, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland,
United Arab Emirates, UK, USA.
Additional contamination may have been found but not
all countries report their testing results and many countries
did not test either for political reasons or because they do
not import US rice.

Market response was even stronger. The EU market virtually
shut down any imports of US rice. All other major rice
exporting countries reported major increases in sales. As aresult Thailand and Vietnam announced an agreement toremain GE free in order to take advantage of market
opportunities created by the US rice contamination. India
announced that all Basmati rice growing areas would remain
GE free. Uruguay announced that it would remain GE free forat least the next 18 months in order to take advantage of themarket opportunities that had been created for GE free rice.
In early 2007, the USDA announced that contamination had
also been found in one of the most popular long grain riceseeds - Clearfield 131 - and they were banning its use. (6)3Bayer CropScience
contaminates our rice

US Export markets impacted by GE
contamination(the number preceding the country denotes 2006 ranking
as an importer of US rice)
1 Mexico - GE free certification required
2 Japan - testing required (0.01%)
3 Iraq - testing required (1% level)
4 Haiti - trade undisturbed
5 Canada - testing required (0.5%)
6 EU - trade in long grain stopped. Testing andcertification required
7 Saudi Arabia - trade continues but labeling requirement(1%) may be invoked

Farmers in Arkansas did not have enough rice seed to sow intheir fields. Many were forced to destroy crops already sown.
Others chose to plant corn or soy. BASF, the company that
produces Clearfield suffered up to 9 million dollars in losses. (7)The rice contamination scandals of 2006 and 2007 are likely tobe the most damaging event in the history of the US riceindustry - and may well continue for years. The US rice industry,
it should be noted, is an unwilling victim in the contamination.
While they may have failed to protect their industry from Bayer's
field trials, they have consistently refused to support
commercialisation of GE rice because of consistent market
opposition. Bayer's contamination of US rice supplies directly
undermines the caution of the US rice industry. (7)In early 2007 over 200 individual lawsuits against Bayer wereconsolidated into a single class action lawsuit representing
thousands of US rice farmers. (8)8 Nicaragua - trade continues
9 Cuba - trade disrupted, status uncertain
10 Honduras - trade continues
12 South Korea - testing required, tender complications
16 Philippines - testing requirement, trade stopped
18 Taiwan - testing required
Share of global exports affected: 63 per cent
Source: In re Genetically Modified Rice Litigation, Master
Consolidated Class Action Complaint, United States
District Court, Eastern District of Missouri, Eastern Division,case 4:06 MD 1186 CDP, May 17, 2007

4

Bayer CropScience contaminates our riceKey dates in the LL rice scandals
Bayer is a multinational company with a primary focus onpharmaceuticals, but which has become increasingly involved
in GE crops. This 2006 contamination scandal follows theStarlink scandal in 2001 in which a GE maize, deemed unfit
for human consumption was found in maize products. Starlink
was produced by Aventis, now a Bayer company.(9) These
are likely to be the two most expensive contamination eventsin the history of the GE industry.
1998-2001 - Aventis field trials of LL601 are conducted in the
United States including sites at Louisiana State University.(10)2002 - Bayer buys Aventis and discontinues field trials. Field
trials of other GE rice varieties continue worldwide. Plans forcommercialization of LL601 apparently abandoned.
2005 - USDA criticised heavily by its Inspector General forpoor oversight of field trials of GE crops.
2006 January - Riceland, the largest US producer andexporter of rice, tests rice intended for export. Presence of
GE LL601 is revealed. Further testing conducted andconfirmed in Arkansas, Missouri, Louisiana and Texas.
2006 May - Bayer claims it was first made aware of thecontamination. No explanation for Riceland's delay in notifying
Bayer.
2006 June - LL62 approved for use as food and feed in
Canada.
2006 July - Bayer notifies the USDA of contamination andrequests deregulation of the strain. No explanation for thedelay in notifying the USDA.
2006 August - The USDA publicly releases the contamination
information. No explanation for delay in notifying riceimporting countries and traders. Sharp trading decline in US
rice market.

2006 August - EU issues Emergency Declaration(2006/578/EC) in order to prevent ongoing contamination of
EU rice supplies. Japan suspends imports of long grain US
rice. South Korea demands that its importers be guaranteed
there is no GE content in US rice shipments. Other countries
follow suit.
2006 August - Bayer CropScience applies to Philippine
Government for approval of LL62 rice for food and feed use.
2006 September - Japan widens testing of US rice to look for
GE contamination in short- and medium-grain rice.
2006 September - Two multi-million dollar class action
lawsuits filed by farmers and rice traders against Bayer. (11)2006 October - France detects LL62 in long grain rice. LL62,
approved in the US but not in the EU, represents an entirely
new contamination problem. Testing in the US indicates thatthe problem is widespread in US rice supplies.
2006 November - USDA approves LL601 for consumption,
despite 15,000 objections and the European Food Safety
Authority finding that there was insufficient data to make afinding of safety. No penalties or prosecutions of Bayer todate.
2007 March - USDA announces contamination in Clearfieldrice seed (CL131) and its use is banned.
The scandal is made all the more disturbing because thecause and source of the contamination is still not known.
None of the GE varieties has ever been grown commerciallyand most of the field trials of the various 'Liberty Link' varieties
ended over five years ago. (12) How did field trials of GE ricethat finished over five years ago contaminate almost 30 per
cent of US rice supplies?

5Bayer CropScience
contaminates our rice

The situation now
Despite their clear inability to control contamination, it now
appears that Bayer is growing one of their authorised varieties
of GE rice in Arkansas although there is no commercial
market for it - and obviously high levels of risk. (13) Bayer
continues to use the contamination to seek commercial
approval for one of its LL rice varieties - LL62 - in a number ofcountries.
In addition to the United States, Bayer is at work attempting
to commercialize GE rice in the following countries. This list isbased on publicly available materials and may not becomprehensive. Greenpeace International is not aware thatany of the applications, authorisations or approvals discussed
below are for LL601 or LL604 two of the unauthorised
varieties that are part of the current global contamination.

Countries in which Bayer Cropscience has applied
for authorisation for cultivation or food/feed
consumption. All approvals are for LL62 unlessotherwise noted.
1) Australia - food and feed. Applied 2006
2) Brazil - cultivation, food and feed, seed import,
additional field trials. Applied 2006

It appears clear that regulators won't hold Bayer accountablefor keeping track of their genes, by requiring stringent
measures to prevent contamination. Canadian authorities
gave import and food approval to LL62 in June 2006.
Mexico, the world's largest importer of US rice, gave a postcontamination approval for LL62 this past March. With theseapprovals, regulatory bodies have not imposed any extra
conditions on Bayer to protect non-GE rice fromcontamination.
An application for cultivation is still pending in Brazil andapplications for food approval are pending in a number ofcountries, including the EU, South Africa, Australia, New
Zealand and the Philippines. The European Food Standards
Agency, Food Standards Australia New Zealand and thePhilippine Bureau of Plant Industry have never rejected any
GE application. South Africa rejected its first early in 2007
when it rejected an industrial biofuel maize for food approval.
(14)
Even in Europe where response to the rice contamination was
rapid and public outrage high, the European Commission has
taken no measures against Bayer for the contamination.
Despite the damage to the rice industry, the contamination of
public food supplies and the costs to the taxpayer, nogovernment anywhere has investigated or imposed any
penalties against Bayer CropScience.

3) Canada - approval granted for food and feed 2006
4) European Union (25 states) - food and feed. Applied
2004
5) New Zealand - food and feed. Applied 2006
6) Philippines - food and feed. Applied 2006
7) South Africa - food and feed. Applied 2006
8) United States - approvals granted for cultivation, foodand feed. Approvals - LL601, 62, 06 (2006, 2002)

6

Bayer CropScience contaminates our rice

LL601 and other Bayer GE rice varieties
Bayer's LL rice varieties have been engineered to resist
glufosinate-ammonium herbicide (marketed by Bayer as'Liberty Link' or 'Basta'). There are four known varieties of LL
Rice, all of which are engineered to be resistant to Bayer's'Liberty Link' glufosinate herbicide. Three of those are
currently authorised for cultivation in the United States (LL62,
LL06, LL601). Those varieties are not approved for cultivationin any other country. There have been field trials of LL rice
varieties in Arkansas, Missouri, Florida, California, Texas,
Puerto Rico and Mississippi.
The LL601 GE rice was developed by Aventis and field tested
in the US between 1998 and 2001. The company decided
not to commercialise the variety shortly after the field trials,
and Bayer did not seek commercial approval after its
purchase of Aventis. Bayer has revealed less information
about LL604. The reasons for abandoning LL601 and LL604
are not known, nor is it yet known how Bayer's GE ricecontaminated rice supplies 5 five years after all trials hadceased.

Should consumers be worried about
eating LL rice?
The basis of Bayer's application for US approval was that oneof the unauthorized lines, LL601, is similar to the two lines ofGE glufosinate-resistant varieties of rice that are alreadyauthorised in the US, namely LL62 and LL06. However, this is
not so. There are fundamental differences in the production of
LL601 that would warrant a full safety assessment, distinct
from the other lines. In fact, the only similarities between the
GE rice events LL62, LL06 and LL601 are that all three were
produced by Bayer (15) and that all three GE rice events areresistant to the herbicide glufosinate (Liberty) produced byBayer.
For the event LL601 a different rice-variety was transformed
with different gene constructs using a completely different
method of genetic engineering. Importantly, LL601 wasproduced using Agrobacterium tumefaciens, whereas LL62
and LL06 are produced by the gene gun method (or direct
gene transfer). LL601 contains a different terminator (“stop”code) than LL62 and LL06. Hence, with regard to many
fundamental characteristics, LL601 is not similar at all to LL62
or LL06.
Moreover, according to the European Food Safety Authority,
the dossier submitted by Bayer does not contain enoughinformation for any regulatory authority to begin to assess thisGE rice.

7Bayer CropScience
contaminates our rice

In Europe, GE crops are first reviewed for safety by a scientificbody, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). EFSA has
been strongly criticized for being pro-GE, for relying on
company-produced data and always giving a positive opinionof GE crops regardless of the data. However, for the first time,
EFSA have admitted uncertainties with the food safety of the
GE rice LL601. Their conclusions are important as EFSA
would have access to the confidential business information
included in the application papers - information that thegeneral public and non-governmental organisations cannot
access. EFSA states (16) that:“Although extensive data have been presented regarding
the molecular characterisation of the intended insert, nofull molecular characterization was presented and only
limited summary data have been provided regarding thecompositional analysis of the rice and agronomic andnutritional equivalence to conventional rice. It is therefore
not possible to conclude on the safety of LLRICE601 itself,
in accordance with the EFSA guidance for risk
assessment.”
The EFSA further identifies the following specific concerns:• that there is a lack of analysis on a second copy of the
CaMV 35S promoter, which has been inserted at a separate
location to the herbicide tolerance gene and its promoter
and termination regions.

• that Bayer have not provided the raw data with which toassess the morphology, agronomic performance andcompositional analysis of LLRICE601.
Currently there is inadequate testing into the safety of
consuming GE LL rice.

Contamination threats
Rice is not only the world's most important staple food, it isproduced and consumed around the globe. There are millions
of people involved in the production, harvest, transport,
storage, processing and sale of rice, from small subsistence
farmers to major companies with global reach.
The contamination of the US rice supply with Bayer's LL rice
varieties has demonstrated clearly the inability of the global
rice trade to control contamination. These global
contamination events resulted from field trials alone.
Contamination of world rice supplies, should commercial
scale production of GE rice occur, is virtually inevitable - withprobable serious consequences for producers andconsumers alike.
In addition to the potential human health risks fromconsuming GE foods, there are risks to the environment, tothe diversity of rice varieties, to markets and farmers who relyon the reputation rice has of being healthy and clean. (17)In late 2005 the Inspector General of the USDA blasted theDepartment of Agriculture for its failure to adequately regulate,monitor or control field trials of GE crops. Those criticisms
were later supported by Federal Court decisions in Hawaii in
August 2006 (18) and San Francisco in March 2007. (19)The response of the United States and Bayer to thecontamination of US rice stocks is of significant concern. Last
year, the United States failed to notify export and trading
partners of the contamination of maize with an unauthorized
GE construct (Bt10) for over four months. (20) When thecontamination was announced, the US government insisted
that the amounts of Bt 10 were minor and there were no
health concerns. They failed to take any steps to protect theirown consumers or those of countries receiving maize.
The current contamination follows the same pattern. It wasalmost eight months between the first discovery of liberty
contamination of rice in January 2006 and the publicannouncement by the USDA in August 2006.

8

Bayer CropScience contaminates our rice

The uncontrolled cultivation of GE rice will expose countries,
particularly centres of diversity and countries with little
regulatory or technical capacity, to unwanted anduncontrolled contamination. If GE rice is commercially grownin the US, it is probable that wide-scale contamination of all
US rice will occur. The importance of protecting centres ofdiversity and treating them as precious world resources
cannot be overstated. For example, rice resistant to two of
Asia's four main rice diseases originated from a single sampleof rice that came from central India. (21) These diversity
storehouses are critical to the utility and success of
sophisticated - and acceptable - biotechnology techniques,
such as marker assisted selection, which rapidly identifies
beneficial traits that can be used in conventional breeding.
Bayer's history of contamination with GE extends beyond
rice. In 2005, for instance, a GE canola (rapeseed) produced
but never commercialized by Bayer contaminated as much as
325,000 ha of conventional canola in Australia. (22)Bayer CropScience

Rice facts• At least 114 countries grow rice, but Asian farmers produce
90 per cent of the total global supply.

• There are over 100,000 varieties of rice that have beendeveloped by farmers over thousands of years containing
an extraordinary diversity of traits and qualities.

• Rice is eaten by nearly half the world's population. It is thestaple food for the largest number of people on Earth.
Among low- and middle-income countries, rice is by far themost important crop worldwide.

• Rice is a main ingredient in many different kinds of food,e.g. rice noodles, rice snacks, baby foods, rice milk andbreakfast cereals to name but a few.

• Consumption of rice ranges from an average of 10kg perperson per year in the west to approximately as high as
200kg per person a year in parts of Asia.

• Currently, no genetically engineered rice is growncommercially anywhere in the world.

Bayer is a German-based transnational corporation with 350
companies on five continents. It is best known worldwide for
its aspirin. The cornerstones to the company are in Europe,
North America and the Far East with a growing presence in
China. Bayer focuses on the creation of healthcare, materialscience and crop science products.
Bayer AG, the main Bayer corporate name, is now a
management holding company with several subsidiaries.
Bayer AG is a massive German-based chemicals andpharmaceuticals manufacturer, and it is a key player in thedevelopment, commercialisation and sale of GE crops. (23)The Bayer subsidiary dealing with crops is Bayer CropScience
AG. The company's Crop Protection unit makes fungicides,
herbicides and insecticides. Bayer CropScience also has twoother divisions, Environmental Science and BioScience, which
focus on non-crop chemicals (such as consumer lawn careproducts) and genetically modified seeds, respectively.

9Bayer CropScience
contaminates our rice

Securing a Healthy Industry - Conclusion
and Demands
This briefing has documented the introduction of unapproved
GE rice varieties into the global food chain and the resulting
havoc, with US rice growers experiencing the brunt ofnegative financial impact. A summary of these events allows
us to conclude that as long as new GE field trials areapproved, the global rice industry faces enormous risks. In
this risk climate the industry faces increased testing andadministrative costs, the ongoing prospect of new
contaminations being detected and repeated economic
losses.
In light of this evidence, Greenpeace urges:• An immediate ban of GE rice field trials as containment
cannot be guaranteed;

It is clear that the financial risks to business, farmers, traders,millers and processors are very real. While litigation may allow
farmers and others in the industry to recover partial damages,
it will not allow recovery for lost markets, brand damage or areduction in the amount of rice eaten by wary consumers. The
troubles of the rice industry are not over. Field trials of GE ricecannot be confined and can no longer be seen as safe
undertakings. Banning open field trials is the only way toensure that contamination of food from GE trials will notoccur.
Greenpeace is campaigning for a global agricultural system
based on biodiversity and sustainability, that protects theworld's forests and other natural ecosystems, reduces
greenhouse gas emissions, encourages soil and water health,uses less fertilisers and pesticides, protects biodiversity withno genetic engineering releases and provides fair trade andfood security for all.

• Accountability from GE corporations engaged in GE fieldtrials, including legal and financial liability;• Bayer CropScience be investigated by governments ofcountries where LL contamination has been found andpenalties imposed on behalf of farmers, traders, retailers,
processors and exporters;• That Bayer withdraw all applications for approvals of LL riceand surrender all existing approvals;• Governments of rice-producing countries to follow the leadof the rice industry in places such as Thailand and Vietnam
and prohibit the growth and production of GE rice crops.

10

Bayer CropScience contaminates our rice

End Notes
1) U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Statement on Report of Bioengineered Rice in16) Statement of the Scientific Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms in response to
the request of the European Commission on inadvertent presence of geneticallymodified rice LLRICE601 adopted on 14 September 2006.

the Food Supply CFSAN/Office of Food Additive Safety, August 2006

http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/science/gmo/statements0/efsa_statement_gmo_LLRI

http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/%7Elrd/biorice.html

CE601.html.

2) Petition for non-regulated status granted by USDA/APHIS;

17) Greenpeace International. 26th November 2006. Health risks: Bayer's Genetically

http://www.aphis.usda.gov/brs/not_reg.html (3) Canadian Food Inspection Agency,

Engineered Liberty Link (LL) RICE 601.

Decision Document DD2006-58

http://www.greenpeace.org/raw/content/international/press/reports/health-risks-

Determination of the Safety of Bayer CropScience's Glufosinate Ammonium Tolerant
Rice (Oryza sativa) Event LLrice62
4) EU Emergency Declaration, 2006/578/ED, see e.g., Biggest rice exporters say no to
GE as new US contamination found in the Philippines, 28 November 2006,

bayer-s-genetica.pdf Greenpeace International. Future of Rice report. 16th
November 2006.
http://www.greenpeace.org/raw/content/international/press/reports/future-ofrice.pdf Scientist statement: health concerns posed by Bt genetically engineered ricefrom China. September 2006
http://www.greenpeace.org/raw/content/international/press/reports/scientists-

http://www.portofentry.com/site/root/resources/industry_news/4332.html.
5) see In re Genetically Modified Rice Litigation, case 4:06-md-01811-CDP, UnitedStates District Court Eastern District of Missouri, Eastern Division, p. 256) http://www.aphis.usda.gov/newsroom/content/2007/03/CL131update3-9-07.shtml 9
March 2007 Brownfield, March 6 2007
http://www.brownfieldnetwork.com/gestalt/go.cfm?objectid=29619657-B177-208E-

say.pdf
18) Federal judge: Officials cut corners with biotech crop permits, Associated Press,
August 15 2006. http://www.freenewmexican.com/news/47911.html
19) Geertson Seed Farms v Mike Johanns, Secretary United States Department ofAgriculture. Case no. 3:06-cv-101075-CRB, February 2006, District Court for the
Northern District of California

4FA289D3C916F9BB
20) see, e.g., GMOs : Commission requests information from Syngenta to confirm
7) see In re Genetically Modified Rice Litigation, case 4:06-md-01811-CDP, UnitedStates District Court Eastern District of Missouri, Eastern Division; see also Attack ofreliability of detection method for Bt10 maize, European Commission Media Release.
April 4, 2006.

the Mutant Rice, originally published in Fortune, July 9, 2007, p 74,
http://europa.eu.int/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEX/06/0404&format=HT
http://lists.eco-farm.org/pipermail/ge_news/2007-August/000002.html.
8) Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. Saturday, August 18, 2007

ML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en
21) World Resources Institute: http://www.wri.org/wri/biodiv/agrigege.html

http://www.nwanews.com/adg/Business/198876/
22) see GM Contamination Register,9) Starlink™: Fallout From A Shooting Biotech Star.” Stephen Moose, AssistantProfessor, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois - Urbana Champagne

http://www.gmcontaminationregister.org/index.php?content=re_detail&gw_id=92&re
g=0&inc=0&con=0&cof=0&year=0&handle2_page=

http://agronomyday.cropsci.uiuc.edu/2001/tours/StarLink/index.html
23) see, e.g., http://archive.corporatewatch.org/genetics/commercialisation/bayer.htm10) http://www.isb.vt.edu/CFDOCS/fieldtests1.cfm or
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/brs/ph_permits.html
11) see, eg., http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4181/is_20060920/ai_n16736530
12) see In re Genetically Modified Rice Litigation, part C; see also
www.aphis.usda.gov/brs/ph/permits_html
13) 'Bayer testing 2nd modified rice in state',
http://www2.arkansasonline.com/news/2007/jun/19/bayer-testing-2nd-modifiedrice-state-20070619/, June 2007.
14) Biotech Update: South Africa Rejects, EU Accepts, New GMOS; Greenpeace Study
Finds Evidence of GM Toxicity, 26 March 2006; see http://www.ictsd.org/biores/0703-30/story2.htm
15) “AgrEvo, whose parent company Hoechst AG merged with Rhone-Poulenc to form
Aventis in 1999. Aventis was acquired by Bayer in 2002, USDA/APHIS draft EA 06234-01P, page 16

11

Greenpeace is an independent global
campaigning organisation that acts tochange attitudes and behaviour, toprotect and conserve the environment
and to promote peace.

Greenpeace International
Ottho Heldringstraat 51066 AZ Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Tel: +31 20 7182000
Fax: +31 20 5148151

greenpeace.org