© Jürgen Freund / WWF

Marine Bioregionalisation for EcosystemBased Management in ABNJ: Trends,Challenges and Opportunities
NEOPS-A04-2 2nd Symposium, University of Tokyo
17 March 2015
Daniela DizWWF-Canada

OUTLINE

1. Marine Bioregionalisation for:a) MPA networks (CBD Guidance)b) Ecosystem-Approach to Fisheries Management
2. NAFO’s EAFM Roadmap: progress and challenges

3. Future opportunities in Law-Making: BBNJ© IISD/RS

CBD: Aichi Targets, MPAs, GOODs, EBSAs

Ma© IISD/RS

CBD Aichi Targets© Erling Svensen / WWF-Canon

Target 11“By 2020, at least 17 per cent ofterrestrial and inland water areas and
10 per cent of coastal and marine
areas, especially areas of particularimportance for biodiversity andecosystem services, are conserved
through effectively and equitably
managed, ecologically
representative and well-connected
systems of protected areas and othereffective area-based conservation
measures, and integrated into thewider landscape and seascape.”

MPA coverage
World wide

Currently Protected: 2.12%
Total MPAs: 11,333©MCI

No Take Area: 0.94% of
ocean area
(Source: MPA Atlas)

MCI MPA Atlas

MPA coverage in G20 Countries (MCI 2014)
http://www.mpatlas.org/explore/

MPA network criteria
CBD Decision IX/20,
Annex II•
••
•

EBSA
Representativity
Connectivity
Replicated ecologicalfeatures• Adequate and viable
sites

1. Uniqueness or rarity
2. Special importance for lifehistory stages of species
3. Importance for threatened,
endangered or declining
species and/or habitats
4. Vulnerability, fragility,
sensitivity, or slow recovery
5. Biological productivity
6. Biological diversity
7. Naturalness© DFO 2012

Bioregionalisation for MPA network plans:Representativity©Douglass, GOBI, 2014CCAMLR
Bioregionalisation
for MPAs© Johnson et al2014

OSPAR

GOODS
Pelagic Provinces© UNESCO/IOCEBSAsEBSA Process
COP 10Dec. X/29

36. Requests the Executive Secretary to work with Parties and otherGovernments as well as competent organizations and regional initiatives,
such as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO), regional seas conventions and action plans, and, whereappropriate, regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs), withregards to fisheries management, to organize, including the setting ofterms of references, subject to the availability of financial resources, aseries of regional workshops, before a future meeting of the Subsidiary
Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice (SBSTTA) prior to
the eleventh meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention,with a primary objective to facilitate the description of ecologically or
biologically significant marine areas through application of scientific criteria
in annex I of decision IX/20 as well as other relevant compatible andcomplementary nationally and intergovernmentally agreed scientificcriteria, as well as the scientific guidance on the identification of marine
areas beyond national jurisdiction, which meet the scientific criteria inannex I to decision IX/20;

EBSAs: Regional Workshops© CMS/Duke University, 2014

EBSAs© CMS/Duke University 2014© Cat Holloway / WWF-Canon

Ecosystem Approach for Fisheries Management- EAFM

CBD Aichi Biodiversity Target 6:
By 2020, all fish and invertebrate stocks andaquatic plants are managed and harvested sustainably, legally and applying ecosystem
based approaches, so that overfishing is avoid
ed, recovery plans and measures are in place
for all depleted species, fisheries have no signifi
cant adverse impacts on threatened species
and vulnerable ecosystems and the impacts offisheries on stocks, species and ecosystems
are within safe ecological limits.

© FAOCase Study: NAFO
Governance (policy and law – new Convention) created the enabling

conditions for change on the water (e.g. VMEs and EAFM)© NAFONAFO Convention Area &Regulatory Area

© NAFONAFO• A necessary starting point for defining “ecosystemmanagement” units is the delineation of ecosystemboundaries and identification of major ecosystem subunits(ecoregions)• NAFO’s ecoregion delineation has been carried out for- US NE Atlantic Shelf (Fogarty and Keith 2009)- Scotian Shelf (Zwanenburg et al. 2010)- Newfoundland Shelf (Pepin et al. 2010)

Ecosystem units being discussed at NAFO

Ecosystem sustainability© Peter Green

EPP next steps

NAFO EAFM Roadmap
Ecosystem State(Tier 1)SC

Multi-species
Assessment(Tier 2)

Setting of Goals andObjectives

FC

Monitoring of fishingactivities andeffectiveness ofmeasures

FC

NAFO Managed Stocks
Stock
Assessment(Tier 3)

Stock
Assessment(Tier 3)

Stock
Assessment(Tier 3)

Management

Management

Management

Bycatch

Bycatch

Bycatch

SC/FC© NAFOSCFC

SAI- VMEAssessments

Risk Assessment(Management)

CCAMLR
Ross Sea
Pelagic

CCAMLR,EMM 10-30

Bioregionalization:
Some Challenges• Pelagic ecosystems• Scientific Uncertainties• Climate change and OA: shifting ecosystem structure• Fragmented governance system: Need for enhanced
Cooperation for its proper management application

Future Opportunities: BBNJIISD/RS2015

Future Opportunities: BBNJBBNJ Recommendation to the UNGA (Jan 2015):
Decide to develop an international legally-binding instrument under theConvention on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biologicaldiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction and to that end:
• prior to holding an intergovernmental conference, decide to establish a
preparatory committee, open to all Member States of the United Nations,members of specialized agencies, and Parties to the Convention, with others
invited as observers in accordance with past practice of the United Nations, tomake substantive recommendations to the General Assembly on theelements of a draft text of an international legally-binding instrument under
the Convention, taking into account the various reports of the Co-Chairs on thework of the Ad Hoc Open-ended Informal Working Group established pursuant toparagraph 73 of General Assembly resolution 59/24. The preparatory committee
shall start its work in 2016 and by the end of 2017 will report to the General
Assembly on its progress

BBNJ• Before the end of the seventy-second session of the General Assembly, andtaking into account the aforementioned report of the preparatory committee, will
decide on the convening and on the starting date of an intergovernmental
conference, under the auspices of the United Nations, to consider therecommendations of the preparatory committee on the elements and to elaborate
the text of an international legally-binding instrument under the Convention• Decide that negotiations shall address the topics identified in the package agreed
in 2011, namely the conservation and sustainable use of marine biologicaldiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction, in particular, together and as awhole, marine genetic resources, including question on the sharing of benefits,measures such as area-based management tools, including marine protectedareas, environmental impact assessments and capacity building and the transferof marine technology• Recognize that this process should not undermine existing relevant legalinstrument and frameworks and relevant global, regional and sectoral bodies

Thank you© Jürgen Freund / WWF-Canonddiz@wwfcanada.org