2nd Nikkei Food Tech Conference (2020)

Moonshot Research & Development
Program-- Creation of globally sustainable foodsupply industry-November 27, 2020
Director of Moonshot R&D Goal 5 Program
President, Tokyo University of Agriculture andTechnology
Kazuhiro Chiba
This is a tentative translation of the presentation material used for thelecture on November 27, 2020, and all responsibility for the translation lies
with the Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement
Institution(BRAIN).

Program director (PD)Kazuhiro CHIBA (Ph.D.)

President, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology[Specialized fields]
Bioorganic chemistry, organic electrochemistry (electroorganic reaction), and others[Brief history]
Proactively worked on international research activities andhuman resources development. For example, in July 2013, heled the first conclusion of the Comprehensive Partnership
Agreement between the national university in Japan and theUN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) as a vicepresident, Faculty of Agricultural Research, Graduate Schoolof Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.
April 2020, accepted a post as President of Tokyo Universityof Agriculture and Technology
Founded a start-up (JITSUBO (Co., Ltd.) based on hisfindings; thereby, has a wealth of experience andknowledge about the social implementation of findings.
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Cabinet Office

Vision of what a future society should be

A human-centered society where both economic development and solving social issues will be achieved

Society 5.0
Human-centered society
Society 4.0

Society 3.0

Society 2.0

Society 1.0

Information society

Industrial society

Agrarian society

Hunting-gathering society
3What types of food will we have
10 years later?
Responsible consumption
and production

4

Global food market size
The beverage and food market size is estimated to be
1,360 trillion yen in 2030, equivalent to 1.5 times of890 trillion yen in 2015.
The market size is estimated to expand from 420 trillion
yen to 800 trillion yen by a factor of 1.9 in Asia.
from 220 trillion yen to 280 trillion yen by a factor of 1.3
in North America.
from 210 trillion yen to 240 trillion yen by a factor of 1.1
in Europe.
However, the costs incurred as of 2018 are:
Healthcare cost: 660 trillion yen (obesity, malnutrition, etc.)
Environmental cost: 310 trillion yen (contamination, harmful chemicals, etc.)
Economic cost: 210 trillion yen (welfare. food loss, etc.)
Source: Growing Better

Fig. The beverage and food market sizes in
34 major countries
Policy Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture,
5Forestry and Fisheries (PRIMAFF)

https://www.maff.go.jp/j/press/kanbo/kihyo01/190329.html

What types of global measures should be taken?
Environmental improvement
Achievement of true carbon neutral
Ideal cyclical utilization of resources including water, nitrogen, and phosphorus
Limiting the loss of diversity
Recovery of marine resources (planned fishery, plastic-free lifestyle, etc.)
Control of air pollution by food production and improper land use
Contribution to healthcare promotionSolving the issue of malnutrition by producing multifunctional proteins and nutritious foodContribution to health care promotion by checking if calorie intake is too high and consumed
food is terrible for the health
Establishment of an inclusive society
Increase of the incomes of farm households and increase of yields of small-scale farmers
with low productivity
Creation of appropriate jobs for over one hundred million persons in an agricultural community
Achievement of food security
Stabilizing food prices to supply a sufficient amount of high-quality food
Increase of incomes of farm households and the encouragement of young people to work
6in agriculture

The Moonshot Research and Development Program sets ambitious goals to attract people, andpromotes challenging R&D projects with the aim of resolving difficult societal issues while bringing
together the wisdom of researchers from all over the world.
Moonshot Goal #5 Creation of the industry that enables sustainable global food supply by exploiting
unused biological resources by 2050.

Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution

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Concept of Moonshot Goal 5
Background of objective setting

The global demand for food is estimated to increase by a factor of 1.7 in thefuture; however, the conventional food production system focusing only on
production efficiency may collapse the cyclical function of the earth.
Increase in food demand

The burden on the global
environment due to farming• The global population is estimated toincrease by a factor of 1.3.
· 6.6 billion (2010) to 8.6 billion (2050)• River, marine, and other water
system pollution due to excessive
reactive nitrogen derived fromchemical fertilizers and the like
· Reactive nitrogen production by
agriculture accounts for about 70% of
total human-derived production.
• Emission of greenhouse gases· About 25% of total emission is causedby agriculture, forestry and other landuse

• The food demand is estimated toincrease by a factor of 1.7.
· 3.4 billion tons (2010) →5.8 billion tons
(2050)· Livestock product demands centering on
middle-income countries,Increase in feed grains demand• A huge amount of food waste
produced mainly by advanced countries· The total waste generation in 2011 was
1.6 billion tons.

8The global population:
6.6 billion in 2010
8.6 billion in 2050 Greenhouse gases

Greenhouse gases

Livestock dung compost

Agriculture

BiologicalNitrogenfixation

Chemicalfertilizers
Greenhouse gases

Food

Livestock/ fisheryindustries

Foodproducts
Waste
Waste
from
business
activities

Fossil fuel9

The global population:
6.6 billion in 2010
8.6 billion in 2050

Livestock dung compost

Agriculture

BiologicalNitrogenfixation

Chemicalfertilizers

Food

Livestock/ fisheryindustries

Foodproducts
Waste

Waste
from
business
activities

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The global population:
6.6 billion in 2010
8.6 billion in 2050

Unused wood

Insects

Livestock dung compost

Agriculture

BiologicalNitrogenfixation
MicroorganismsChemicalfertilizers

FoodFoodproducts
Waste

Livestock/ fisheryindustries

Insects

Wastefrombusinessactivities

Revised as of December 2511

Overview of the project and project manager (PM)
1. Aims to establish a food production system, which enables not only the food supply
to be enlarged but also the global environment to be reserved (6PMs)
Project manager (PM)Professor OHSAWA Ryo
at University of Tsukuba

Overview and objectives of the project1) Achieving zero food risk by improving crop resilience using cyberphysical systems-- Development of new varieties using new crop design technology -Developing a cyber-physical system (CPS) todesign crops in cyber space and to develop
crop varieties with high resilience to stressfulenvironments

Professor TAKEYAMA Haruko
at Waseda University2) Building a platform for sustainable farming by environmental
control based on the microbe atlas of the soil ～-- Elucidation and demonstration of microbial functions in soil --Development of a model to diagnose soil
health by analyzing the interaction among
the microbes in the soil, crop growth
information and environmental factors
12Overview of the project and project manager (PM)(continued from 6 PMs, designated as a FS-like project)
Project manager (PM)Professor SHIMIZU Tatsuya at
Tokyo Women’s Medical University

Overview and objectives of the project3) [FS-like project] Bio-economical food production system based on
circular cell culture using algae, plant and animal cells-- Food production through cell culture, etc. -Development of food production
technology by circular cell culture andthree-dimensional tissue fabrication usingalgae, plant and animal cells

Professor MATSUURA Kanji at
Graduate School of Kyoto University4) [FS-like project] Termites' destructive wood-decomposition ability
to convert unused wood into feed and food-- Feeding of termites with unused wood, etc. --Development of methods for mass
proliferation of termites using leftoverwoods and for their conversion to livestock
feed13

Overview of the project and project manager (PM)(continued from 6 PMs, designated as a FS-like project)
Project manager (PM)Professor HINOMOTO Norihide at
Graduate School of Kyoto University

Overview and objectives of the project5) [FS-like project] Realization of zero pest damage agriculture bymaking full use of advanced physical methods and unusedbiological functions-- Pest control that does not rely on chemical pesticides -Development of pest control technology
using advanced physical （Bluesemiconductor laser light） and biologicalmethods（symbiotic microorganism）

Professor KOBAYASHI Yasuo at Graduate
School of Hokkaido University6) [FS-like project] Realization of a new livestock production system
for 80 % reduction of methane emission by complete control of thecattle rumen microbiome-- Reducing methane emission and improving animal productivity -Development of a production systemcapable of reducing methane emission andimproving animal productivity throughcomplete control of the microbiome in thecattle rumens
14Overview of the project and project manager (PM)2. Developing a food production system enabling both issues, enlargement of foodsupply and global environment reservation to be solved (4 PMs)
Project manager (PM)Professor YURA Kei at
Ochanomizu University

Overview and objectives of the project7) Development of a circulatory food production system supported bycrickets to solve global food problems and to prepare for human
expanding to space-- Conversion of insects into food and feed using food residues -Development of a new food productionsystem by breeding new breeds of crickets,and using wasted food to produce crickets
as food and feed

Specially-appointed professor NAKAJIMA
Mitsutoshi at University of Tsukuba8) Development of innovative food solutions that simultaneously
reduce food loss and improve QoL-- Manufacture food cartridges with a long shelf life for 3D printers from foodresidues -Powder and paste made from food residues
can be preserved in food cartridges with along shelf life15

Overview of the project and project manager (PM)(continued from 4PMs, designated as a FS-like project)
Project manager (PM)Overview and objectives of the project

Associate professor KANEMOTO Keiichiro at
Research Institute for Humanity and Nature

9) [FS-like project] Development of a method for identifying food loss
and waste on a global scale-- Understanding the global situation of food loss and waste -Development of an application software forfarmers and consumers to reduce food loss
and waste by uncovering food loss acrossthe global food chain

Professor TAKAHASHI Shin-Ichiro at
Graduate School of University of Tokyo

10) [FS-like project] Creation of next-generation food supply industrial
chains based on natural capitalism society-- Development of the Food of the Future through AI Nutrition --Development of futuristic foods by evaluating
the effects of food nutrients onhuman/animals as scientific evidence16

It is difficult to spread research seeds into thesocial community.
Clinging to one’s own research seeds is prone to keep everyone awayfrom him/her.
There are similar methods and products on the market; in such asituation, too much confidence is put in the strength of them but not in
weakness.
Future customers are unknown.
The value of the futures market is unknown.
Poor planning of securing funds necessary up to the realization“Any invention or new technology is
not always innovation”.

17Policies for promoting challenging R&D
Recognize the inherent restrictions of conventional R&D methods and clarify
innovation, strengths, and newly-created values of new proposals.
In response to the needs of the future society, a scheme foraccelerating R&D is planned through starting a business andcommercialization.
Feasibility of establishing a system for promoting R&D and businessdevelopment taking use of private funds and investment
Recognition of problems and methods for solving them, and clarificationof the differences from and superiority to similar methods and otherexisting methods
Possibility of leading business development of the R&D proposed herein18

Deforestation
Unused wood

Biodiversity crisis
Insects

Food shortage
Livestock dung compost

Agriculture

Deteriorated soil
BiologicalNitrogenfixation
MicroorganismsChemicalfertilizers

Food
Food
products
Waste

Livestock/ fisheryindustries

Marine pollution /deteriorated
resources

Insects

Waste
frombusinessactivities

Emission of greenhouse gases

Food loss and waste

Revised as of December 2519

Diversified protein supply sources
Recycling-based agriculture with high productivity
Insects

Repair of the naturalenvironment

Turning unused lumbers into
feed using termites

Food production by a cell-culturing technique

Chemical pesticide - independent insect
pest control
By the genome-editing technology,
growth of new crop varieties

Unused wood

Livestock dung compost

Agriculture

Foodboth issues, reduction ofLivestock Solving
methane derived from livestock and/ fishery productivity improvement
industries⬇CH4

Making 3D food in cartridges
BiologicalNitrogenfixation

Chemicalfertilizers

MicroorganismsClarification and full useof soil microorganism
functions

Development of futuristic food products by AI Nutrition

Foodproducts
Waste

Waste
frombusinessactivities

Insects

Reduction offood loss
Turning insects into food andfeed using food residues, etc.

Recognizing the actual condition of global food loss

Food and nutrition toward ensured human and global health

Revised as of December 2520

What type of role should Japan play?
Based on re-recognized strengths and weaknesses in Japan,

Improve the food production environment,
Promote health through a balanced diet,
Establish an inclusive society,Toward ensured food security,
Promote businesses adaptable to a smart
society (Society 5.0)
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Criteria for value important in a future society
Recognizing that our own activities greatly contribute to global
warming and food heavy problems-- Improving not only our lifestyles but also setting goals of assigned tasks andhow to proceed with them --,aiming to ensure the contribution of new technologies and information to thewhole society,governance, and contribution to solving environmental problems andbuilding a better social system are evaluated as the criteria for value
to pick up talents, who are able to select out important challenges and leadinnovation andpromote challenges by startup businesses focusing on the future market

22Thank you for your attention!

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