Ĉĉ¢¬p PALEO 9, PL-0011, 2021 · 10 Þ 12 Ø

総説

赤道海流の変動史と南−北太平洋における珪藻質堆積物（岩）の形成
Development of the Equatorial Pacific Current and formation of
diatomaceous sediments
小泉 格
Itaru Koizumi
2021 年 6 月 18 日受付．2021 年 10 月 8 日受理．
北海道大学名誉教授 (itaru.koi@nifty.com)

Ȥŝ ŵȸɒĆĬƗ(ķƤŞƙ"ƚƌƢȼĠ}ȣȸɒĆĬƗ(ÓƠßĠ}ƌƢȼĠ'ǌɓ}ǃƷǃǄɝ$#'Ŧƌh~x!ƸĿ8;:ʇȣȸɒĆĬƗ'Ŧ
ƌh~x(ʆ@|\_O?ƜȻ 960650 ĭÄɨ'ƫǢǍɣɡĻ%@|\_O?
Ɋɑƙ"$9ʆÑĆĬƗ'ƢŦ}ʁü»'ƌû 8ÍĆĬƗ'Ė¸}ü»'ƌû%ĀÉ ʆ 400300 ĭÄ%ƴĩ÷ 8ʁȅĴ÷-'ĄƋɂɈ=ơěʇŚʆŵȸɒĆĬƗ'Ǳʄc]mʅƜȻ(ʆ460270 ĭÄ%ÑǱ"ÍǱ'ȟǪ%7
ɣɡ;ʆ310250 ĭÄ%ÍÏǀ-ƍİĹŅ=58ʇƾȜȷùǧƷ( 2300
1600 ĭÄ'ȸɒĆĬƗ6EwgƜʆĄȣƗ'ȅĴ÷%įǰí%»Ĩ
9ʆȸ
ɒĽǂƙ'ĺɵ ȯ48;:ʇ ʆ1600 ĭÄɨ'ŽɌɐÉ%7:ƜȻ'ɣɡ
6ʁȅĴ÷'Ė¸Ì$#%7:ƜƗƌ"ĄƋ'ĽǂOQYo'Āũ%7 ʆƜǃƾȜȋɰ(ȅĴ÷!Ɲƪ :ʇÑŵĆĬƗ÷'ƤŞ÷!(ʆ35001800 ĭÄɨ%ƾȜȷùǧƷ ĹŅ; : ʆÍĆĬƗʁȅĴ÷!( 1400 ĭÄɨ'Ė¸ÌƋ¨%7:ƜƌƧ'=Ú ƾȜȷùǧƷ ĹŅĉ4 :ʇ

G~{~\ʑȸɒĽǂƙʆȸɒƜƙʆȣĆĬƗŦƌh~xʆ@|\_O?Ɋɑƙʆ@|\_O?ƜȻ, Ǳʄc]mʅƜȻ, OwEȿŎʆvn]ʄmX[ʅƹƾȜȾƖ

はじめにÑǱĆĬƗƔģ÷'ƾȜȷùǧƷ(ʆƛɏŃŮċȝ}ǘưȷ]`hv|I[|}Ɯ
ǃƾȜ$#'ÌǘĠı%7 ʆ'7 %ŢÎ»;:ʄîʈʅʇʄʈʅĉř
ĻŰʄ4000-3600 ĭÄʅ'WvʄChiraʅĠƧ(ʆ²ǀĖ¸Ì%7:ƜƌƧ"ƜƗĽǂ'ķÌ ǃƷð'ĀÌ=58ĉřűŰ
ʄWolf, 1978ʅ'ǽŷ!
:.ʄʉʅEbvQʄCaballasʅĠƧ(ʆƾȜȷùǧƷʄĢʅ=ŇóǘưȷOx[Ģ"ǙĢ!9ʆƛɏŃŮċȝ"ƾȜ'ÌǘĠı%ø ʆƫřĻŰř

1

南−北太平洋における珪藻質堆積物(岩)の形成 PL-0011

ÄŰʄ2800-1600 ĭÄʅ!:ʄTsuchi et al., 1988ʅʇƾȜÌǘȋɰ(ƴĩȸɒ'Ǥ
ȋ!:ʇʄʊʅeQLʄPiscoʅĠƧ(ʆřÄŰʂřʄ1800-360 ĭÄʅ'ƾȜñ-ƾȜȷùǧƷʄĢʅ!9ʆȅĴ÷%»Ĩ:ƢŦǤ"Ė¸Ǥ 8ŽŅ;ƾȜÌǘȋɰ!:ʄKoizumi, 1992ʅ. ʄʋʅNcv~xʄZapallarʅĠƧ'ƾȜñ(řĻŰʄ1140680 ĭÄʅ!:ʇïɮƜƗƟƜŊÃȫǈʄODPʅ'Leg 112ʄ1986 ĭʅ(ʆjx~ĄɫȆɃ÷% :ƾȜȷùǧƷ řŰʄ1400
ĭÄʅɨ!9ʆŵÑżƍİ'Ņǫ%7 þķ;ƢĴËə żȸɒɥ'ƜƗĽǂ"ƔģƤŞƙ=ƘǌÌ ĹŅ;"=đȮʄSuess et al., 1988,
1990ʅ.ʄʌʅpdu_QʄMejillonesʅĠƧ(ʂřũřʆGs gv|EʄQ.
BlancaʅĠƧ(ʂřʆUgvT ʄTablazo ĠƧ(ũř!9ʆ;8'ƾȜȷùǧƷ(Ģ)(ƔģƤŞƙ'ƾȜǤȋ!: Chaetoceros ğ6 Thalassionema ğ=Ąɝ%ã
>!:ʇš Ě§¶óð´Ŕŝ.4)DZşNZaş@YŞş"ŕËıčŝODPŞ"$NZaî ŝLeg 112Ş.4)DZşNZaş@YîŝLeg 202Ş $öÅĘcĝŝĆĪĆĪĴ
ė³ŞĴÛmėĉ¢ŠDSDP  ODP "$ëø 1000m nøĸò@Wa4 %$¹
Ċß©īŝCibicidoidea spp.Şè δ18O ĲŎ êu¤äŀkoŝZachos et al., 1993, 2001;
Tiedemann et al., 2007; Zachos et al., 2008ŞŠťăĕ¶v;Ra:^5 δ18O úº±ºŝeňŞ 3500 b·nã¦Ŕìï öó 1.2!ņÂ %$Š%nœ 70%ndgã Ĉìïŋ'Ú$Šã¦Ŕ Ĉì¸ $ēģ 50%ndìïÓşŜģÈ¦'ĔŠìïÃöëý¤ Haq et al. (1987)"$Š
ŝÒªŞ: ĆĪĴėĄŝ³Şċ}²ýŠŚʆÍĆĬƗ% :ǭǵ'ƾȜȾƖƾȜñ}ƾȜȷùǧƷʄĢʅ(ÛôǞƋĠı"'ėŁ ǝǫ;ƾȜÌǘĠı%ø ʆɻôǁǍ}ĠıǍ»Ĩ"$ :ʄKoizumi and Yamamoto, 2018ʅʇƾȜ(Ė¸!Ÿɾü ȳĕ$ƜƗ÷%ă'!ʆʁȅĴ÷!ăǄăžĴ ʁʆÍĆĬƗʁȅĴ÷'ƜĲùǧƷ6Ȇ

2

小泉 格 PL-0011

Ƀɫ÷%ăǄ:ľÌǘ!:ʇ;ŒʆƾȜ(ʁȅĴ÷!ȹłƭ$Ė¸Ì6ƜȻ'ɣɡ$#!ȹŽɌɐÉ}ƜƌƧĀÉ}ÛǂýĀÉ$#%7 ȦÂ;ĄƋ6Ɯƌ'Ľǂǵ%7:ƷȷĽǂOQYo%ȉ9Ʉ1; :ʇ

１．北太平洋の海洋環境
ƿó'ÍĆĬƗ(ʆÍȅ 40°Ʌ=ŵȣ%ƀŘ:ÍĆĬƗƜƙ%7 ʆʊ
'ƜƗǂý%ǹ»;:ʄîʉʅʇʄʈʅ?vQEƌ÷(Ė¸!Ÿɾü ȳĕ$ƌ÷!9ʆʄʉʅƴĩƌ÷(ƢŦ!Ÿɾü%ƌ÷!:ʇʄʊʅÍȅ 4042°'ćƌû(żƌû"ƴĩƌû"'Ơßƌ÷!:ʇÍĆĬƗ(ÍĄȣƗÍŚ÷"ÑżƜ%ȹƦ:ƟĠƌĽǂ'Ǻǖ÷!9ʆƟĠƌ(ȠĠƌĽǂ" ×ȿ:'!ʆƾȜɖʀʄƉʅ(żƌû'?vQEƌ÷"Ơßƌ÷'ƜĲùǧƷ!(¥ČȖ
Ĉ$ƹń!ȳĕ!:ʇîʉ ÍĆĬƗ'Ɯƙǵ"ƾȜȾƖ"ƾȜñƾȜȷùǧƷ'Ǆº=ŻȬ DSDP
" ODP 'ŊÃôƲʄKoizumi and Yamamoto, 2018ʅ. ȸ'ǜȃ: şƓ\wf[ʄScholl
et al., 1977ʅ.

3南−北太平洋における珪藻質堆積物(岩)の形成 PL-0011

２．北太平洋における珪藻軟泥と珪藻土−珪藻質堆積物 (岩)ʉʈ. ŜŲƜ"ŜŲƜŵ«ȆɃ÷ŜŲƜ'ƜĲøǑ(řÄŰʄ40Ar/39Ar ĭ 23001700 ĭÄʅ'ƼƅĢ!9ʆ
'Ģİ'ùǧƷʄĢʅ(ʆʄʈʅɚŃŃ'FvQȷ¹ưĢ}ƜȂǘĠ=ŇóǘưȷƾȷǳñĢ,ʄʉʅƾȷOx[Ģ}Wr~[}ƾȷɶĢ$#'ƾȷĢɻ"ƾȜȷOx[Ģ,ʄʊʅƾȜȷǳñ"ăŕ'ǃǋ=5õȷ$ƾȜȾƖ="ʆ;8ȁŅĀÌl~Rv]@["Wr~[=ŇóʆʄʋʅƯġưĠ=Ňóşŧȗ'
ȇſž'Ox[ȷǳñȷȾƖ!:ʄîʊ; Koizumi and Yamamoto, 2018; Tamaki et al.,
1992ʅ.
ŜŲ¾ĥ'ŜŲƜ«ɫ÷%»Ĩ:ǭǵ(ĢǔĠı"ùǧÝ%ĭǍ$³ɊŃȯ48;ʆŜŲƜ'ŊÃǽŷ%ø ʆřÄŰ'ƾȜñƾȜȷùǧĢ(ĢǔĠı"ƾȜÌǘĠı 8ʊÎ»;:ʄîʊ; ǡƬ}Ěƕ, 1994; Koizumi et al., 2009;
Koizumi and Yamamoto, 2018ʅʇʄʈʅřŰ'ƾȜñ(ʆƜȂǘ6ƵưĢ=+3
ƾȷǙĢ6Ox[Ģ=Ňó :ʇʄʉʅřĻŰ'ƾȜñƾȜȷƖĢ(ʆ²ǀĖ¸ÌƋ¨"ȵɚǸĲĠƌ%7:ƂǃǄ'þĄ%7 ǃŅ;ʇʄʊʅř
ĻŰʂřÄŰ'ƾȜñƾȜȷOx[Ģ(ƩČɚǸ%ĕ>ĲĠƌ!ǃŅ;.

ţ §¶óhřĤºÖĘcĝhĆĪĸòşĆĪĆĪĴėĄäŀŃ`öëý¤`ĉ¢ŝêuŞ¤ŒŁÃŝKoizumi and Yamamoto, 2018ŞŠöëý¤ŝHaq et al., 1987Ş
şδ18O  δ13C
ŝDSDP Sites 588  590 ¹Ċß©īèŞŝKennett, 1986Ş, äŀŃêu¤ŝPagani et al. , 1999; Zachos
et al., 2001Ş, Mi: Miocene ŊĠqséĲŎ %ìïàŝMiller et al., 1991; Pagani et al., 1999Ş, CM:
Carbon Ý¦vĲŎ %ßçĂĠėŋŝWoodruff and Savin, 1991; Pagani et al. , 1999Ş, Event AD: hĚŝJEPŞöĶÿĕĎŐŏ"$ĆĪèíėŋŝBarron, 1998Ş.

4小泉 格 PL-0011

ʉʉ. şƓ\wf[ąǎƜġ¾'ÍȣǬ%Ȋ:şƓƜġ Site 192 ʄDSDP Leg 19ʅ!(ʆƜĲ 720m
ʄ950 ĭÄʅ!ƾȜƉ'Dc~x-AʄɳŤȷDc~xȷOwEʅ 8Dc~x-CTʄǽŤȷDc~xȷOwEʅ-'ǔȿǢ ȹ :ʄCreager et al., 1973ʅʇƾȜƉ þ
Æ:řĻŰʄ930900 ĭÄʅ'ƾȜȷǳñ(ʆ?P?´ɫɘ ƶ ?P? q|Q~| ɤĉ;ŢŰ!9ʆƜƌƧ" δ13C  ʆƂǃǄɝ þÆ"=ǟ :ʄîʊʅʇ şƓƜġ'Íŵɘ=ȹƲ" ʆąǎƜġ¾'ŵ
Ȇ%Ɣ ÑÍ 1000 km, ŵȣ 400 km, ŬĄĠÓ 1800 m 'şƓ\wf[ʄScholl etal., 1977ʅ'ùǧ ĉřƫřýǉʄ3400 ĭÄʅɨ%ĹŅ;ʇZ[z@[ʄDetroitʅƜġ'Íŵʃ%Ȋ: ODP Site 884ʄLeg 145ʅ'ƜĲ 604.0546.1 m!řǿɘʄ15401490 ĭÄʅ'ƾȜñ ëØ; :ʄîʊ; Rea et al., 1995ʅ.
řÄŰʄ17001500 ĭÄʅ%OwEȿŎʄKeller and Barron, 1983ʅ ȹ
9ʆǂĆĬƗ÷!ƾȜȷùǧƷ ĹŅ;ĉ4ʇřĻŰʄ14901000 ĭÄʅ%ŵÑżƍİ Ņǫ ʆ²ǀĖ¸ÌƋ¨%7:ƜƌƧ Z[z@[Ɯġ'ŵŗ
ɴ%ǛĞǲĊ=ùǧʇZ[z@[Ɯġ'ɷɅ%Ȋ : Site 883ʄODP
Leg 145ʅ!(ʆƾȜȾƖ Site 844 "àž$ƜƗǂý%7 ʆřŰʂř
ʄ1600260 ĭÄʅ=Ɋ ȑÉǍ%ĹŅ;ʇ
ʉʊ. EwfCx^?ȆɃ÷

EwfCx^?ȆɃ÷'Íȅ 40°10°'Ɣģ÷=Ñ:EwfCx^?Ɯƙ!(ʆƤŞBIm|ƙ ƌƟ 200 m Ɵ 8Ÿɾü'ƮĴ ʁɥĠƌ=ƤŞ ʆ
ƂǃǄ=Ƙǌ% :ʄîʉ; ¶Ǖʈʅ
ʇODP Leg 167 !(ʆSites 10101022 %7
EwfCx^?ȆɃ÷%Ɣ Íȅ 42°30°'ƔģƑß'Ɯƙǵ=řŰũř
1!ļ¯ʄLyle et al., 1998, 2000ʅ
ʇSite 1021 !(ʆřŰʄ1250 ĭÄʅ8ĻŰʄ700 ĭÄʅ1!ƾȜȷ!:ʇSite 1016 !(ʆřĻŰʄ750 ĭÄʅ8ũř1!ƾȜȷùǧƷ!9ʆƜĲ 298m !Dc~x-A 8Dc~x-CT 'ǔȿǢ ȹ :ʇSite 1011 'řĻŰʄ850750 ĭÄʅ(ƾȜȷùǧƷ!:ʇSite 1010 !(ʆƜĲ 179.8m 'řŰ ʄ1310 ĭÄʅ!Dc~x-A
8Dc~x-CT 'ǔȿǢ ȹ : ʆřĻŰʄ1290550 ĭÄʅ(ƾȜȷùǧƷ!:ʇ|đš 1YK/ZF)ĥĻ ŝODP Leg 167Ş $ŇyĎö¹ĉ¢'¼ ĔĳÇ: ĊĄ
üS>^2;řĀºşö¹ßçĂĠŋ£şħĊśŌō«şŇyÃ¹Ċß©ī«Š+^Ea@VaLĐ¾: 6.4 cm ŝLyle et al., 1997Ş
(1996 ·ťÞÍ½).

|đŢ 1YK/ZF)şT^B[a²Oa<
XE+CŝThinly bedded opal-CT, PorcelaniteŞ
ŝ1989· 6 ÞÍ½Ş.

5

南−北太平洋における珪藻質堆積物(岩)の形成 PL-0011|đŤ 1YK/ZF)ş\^OA4P^_*ZŝManvilleŞĆĪÌË ŝ1989 · 6 ÞÍ½Ş.

|đţ 9;40A4ŝSisquocŞ²>aZ âļ(ĆĪŝ1989 · 6 ÞÍ½Ş.

Leg 167 'Ƒß% :ƾȷùǧƷ(ʆɯŌ:ćÑEwfCx^?ɫ÷'řĻŰʄ1800500 ĭÄʅ'q|Yy~Ġ'ƾȜȷùǧƷ%ėƊ;:ʄ¶Ǖʉʋ; îʊʅ. q|Yy~Ġ'Dc~xùǧɋĴ(Ś-þÆ: ʆřŬǺŰʄ550
ĭÄʅ%ɫƦǛĞƷ țþÆ:ʄîʋʅ
ʇM|Ub~bv÷'Dc~x( 1000
ĭÄ 8ƈɬǍ%þÆ ʆOQIDXIʄSisquocʅĠ' 600400 ĭÄ!ùǧɋĴ(Ŭʁ©%$:ʄBarron and Stanley, 2018ʅʇƑß!(ʆ1100 ĭÄÄ!Dc~xùǧɋĴ(Ŭʁ!: ʆ1000 ĭÄ!$9ʆ900750 ĭÄ!ƈɬǍ%
:ʇ$<ʆEwfCx^?ȆɃ÷% :řĻŰ'ƑßƤŞƙ(ʆƔģ÷!(řŬǺŰʂř"$:ʇŤ T^B[a²ŝhÖf¿àş1800700 b·ŞĊÅėŒ&$äŀŃêu¤ŝBarronand Stanley (2018) 'Ï¤Ş.

6小泉 格 PL-0011

ʉʋʇƾȜñƾȜȷùǧƷʄĢʅ'ǃŅ

ÍĆĬƗ'ƾȜȾƖ"ƾȜñùǧƷ(ʆƜƌƧĀÉŨȃ%7:ƜɎ6Ɯɇ'ŢŰ6ĲǃŮċȝƉ' δ18Oʆ δ13C 'þÆ6ơě'ŢŰ"Ȕ :ʄîʊʅʇř!(ʆĲǃŮċȝƉ' δ18O ʐë'ƍŰʄMi-1Mi-7, Mi-1a " Mi-1bʅ6ʎë'ŮƁƱǸɝ'þÆ%7: δ13C ʄCM1CM7ʅ"Ȕ :ʄWoodruff et al., 1981; Miller et al.,řŰ
1991; Woodruff, Savin, 1991; Pagani et al., 1999ʅ
ʇĲǃŮċȝƉ' δ18O (ʆƋ¨ŬɕŰ; 16501550 ĭÄ'řÄŰ!ơě : ʆMi-2 ʄ1550 ĭÄʅ}Mi-3ʄ15001200 ĭÄʅ}Mi-4ʄ1200 ĭÄʅ!þÆ :ʇ17001300 ĭÄ!
ĀÉ: δ13C ( δ18O 'þÆ"Ȕ :ʇƜƌƧ( Mi-4 ǓĻ' 1100 ĭÄ!
ĻʆřĻŰ=Ɋ Ş"ɨ=ȉ9Ɇ
9ʆŵÑżƍİ'Ņǫ"ĲĠƌ'Ė¸Ì=ǟè :ʇ ʆřĻŰ¿4ʄ11501050 ĭÄʅ'ĲǃŮċȝƉ δ13C 'þÆʄCM7; ƢŦÌʅ(ƜƌƧ6 δ18O "Ȕ $ʄîʊʅ.
ÍĆĬƗȆɃ÷!(ʆřŰ¿4ʄ16001500 ĭÄʅ%ƍƒƋ¨ ĉ19ʆƤ
Şƙ%7:ƾȜǃǄ 58;ʇƋ¨'Ė¸Ì(ʆřĻŰ' 1000 ĭÄʄMi5ʅ
}900 ĭÄʄMi-6ʅ
}850 ĭÄʄMi-7ʅ%5ȹ :ʇǱʄc]mʅƜȻ'ƫǢǍɣɡ ÍĆĬƗ'ř% :ƾȜƉ'Ɛǧƙɝ
ʄMARsʅ=ʊŰ%þĄ :ʄîʊ; Barron, 1998ʅ.ʄʈʅ@i|[ A ʄ900 ĭÄʅ; ÍĆĬƗƟĠƌ'Ÿɾüɝ þÆ:"5%ʆƱɚüIvXOs
ʄLyle et al.,
1995ʅ ȹʇʄʉʅ@i|[ Bʄ620 ĭÄʅ; ȣÑżƍİ Ƿ 650 ĭÄ%ņ
Ą ʆÑżƜ'ʁȅĴ÷!Ė¸"$9ʄKennett, 1986ʅ
ʆ670 ĭÄ%ŵȸɒĆĬƗ!řŬǺŰʂřŬ¿ŰǃƷǃǄgx~oʄFarrell et al., 1995ʅ ȹʇ
ʄʊʅ@i|[ Cʄ450 ĭÄʅ; ÍŚ÷!ƾȜǃǄɝ(ơě ʆÍȣĆĬƗ!(řʂřƢŦŰʄBarron, 1998ʅ"Ǳʄc]mʅƜȻ'ɣɡ%7:ƜƗǂý'ĀÌʄHaug et al., 1995ʅ þÆ=58.

３．赤道海流ƿó'ȸɒĆĬƗ!(ʆȶŠɼ%7:ŵɼ ȠĠ'Ŧƌ=ȣ«%å ē:4%ʆ
ŵɘ'jx~EwfCx^?Ƒ!(ŵɼ"ôǀ'ȓȿÈŷ ȠĠ'Ė¸$Ÿɾüƌ=ƤŞƙ"ʆȣɘ'@|\_O?ɅƜ!(Ɯɴŕ 100 m 1!Ŧƌ'h~x"$:ʇîʌ'v ^~^rʄLa Niñaʅ
ƹń(ʆĬĪŢ79ŵɼ ķúß!ʆŵȸ
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南−北太平洋における珪藻質堆積物(岩)の形成 PL-0011

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8

小泉 格 PL-0011

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9

南−北太平洋における珪藻質堆積物(岩)の形成 PL-0011

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Šʋʉʇ@|\_O?Ɋɑƙƿó'@|\_O?Ɋɑƙ(ʆ@|\Ɨ'Ñȅ 10°14°%:ƌƟ 1200 m 1!'ü»ƌʄ34.55 psuʅ'éƙ!:. ÍĆĬƗ'řʂ!Ė¸$ƌƢȼĠƌ ʆmEXMx
10小泉 格 PL-0011

ʄMakassarʅƜĤ6b|VƜĤ=Ǽ @|\Ɨ-ƙ± :ʄGordon and Fine, 1996;îʏʅʇĆĬƗ@|\Ɨɥ'Y~WQƜȻ(ŽɌɐÉ%7 ʆřÄĻŰ=Ɋ
ƫǢǍ%ɣɡʆřŬǺŰʄ600 ĭÄʅ%/0ɣɡʄNishimura, 1992;
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ʇ8%ʆřĻŰ'ƛɏŃŮ
18
ċȝƉ δ O (ʆȣȸɒĆĬƗ%ƢŦ$ȠĠƌûh~x=ȭɠ :ʄGasperi and
Kennett, 1993ʅ
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8@|\Ɨ-ƙ± @|\_O?Ɋɑƙ(ʆÑĆĬƗ'ƢŦ$ʁü»'ƌû
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南−北太平洋における珪藻質堆積物(岩)の形成 PL-0011%(¸ü»'ƌû @|\_O?Ɋɑƙ÷ 8@|\Ɨ'ƌƟ 300450 m %»Ĩ :ʇKaras et al. (2009) %7;)ʆŵ@|\Ɨ DSDP Leg 22, Site 214 "ȣȸɒĆĬƗD|[| PrbƜÜ ODP Leg 130, Site 806 'ƛɏŃŮċȝƉ' Mg/Ca " δ18O
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9ʆǉ'ƜƗĽǂƙǵ ĀÌ :ʄPhilander and Fedorov, 2003ʅ
ʇ1ʆÑżƌû ȸɒĲĠƙ"$ ʆŵȸɒĆ
ĬƗ% :ȕƹ¸ƌ÷'Ņǫ=¤ ʄKaras et al., 2009ʅʆÍÏǀʁȅĴ÷% :ƍİĹŅ ¤Ɏ;ʇ
200150 ĭÄ%ȸɒĆĬƗ%Ɣ ŵȣŚâ'ȠĠƜƌƢʄSSTʅËə(ÑÍŚâ'ȠĠƜƌƢʄSSTʅËə79Į» ; ķ14%ʆʂřƢŦŰʄ500300 ĭÄʅ%(ƿó'ŵȸɒĆĬƗ=ƸĿ:Ė¸$ƔģƤŞƙ÷(Čó $ ʄî 9; Ravelo et al., 2004ʅʇƿó'ƔģƤŞƙ÷% :?xK`|6w|ʆŮƁƱ
Ǹ$#(ʂřƢŦŰ'ùǧƷ 85Żº;: ʆƤŞƙ÷'Ȧſ"ĹŅƁŽ(ƿó"²Ǌ$ :ʇ Œ$8ʆƿó'²ǀƍİɝ"?fwEĄɫȣɘ6@|\'q|Q~|(ʆĂɘķÂÅ!:ŜĘfC~O|J%ŁǮ ɺț$ĀÌ=ȹ
: 8!:ʄPhilander and Fedorov, 2003ʅʇũ á+^Dó DSDP Leg 22, Site 214 ĮĵŅ§¶ó0^C^ :UIö ODP Leg 130, Site 806 $ŚÖföëúºM\39ĲŎŝKaras et al., 2009Ş. Ŝģ: Site 214, ĵģ: Site 806.

12

小泉 格 PL-0011

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: ʄîʏʅ
ʇz|kIƜĤ'ŬĄƌƟ 500 m "Wq~xƜ%į :įĄ$ɫź'ƌòħ òÅËə"$ ʆ@|\_O?Ɋɑƙ=ɿÉ :ʇ
?P? q|Q~|"ƴüix[L|i?Ľǂ=Ȳ.:4%ʆPr{ĥÑŚƑ 8ŋÙ; 2 Ų'ƜĲùǧƷL?'ƛɏŃŮċȝ Globigerinoides ruber Ɖ'ɚǸàƊ δ18O %øɚǸàƊQY~PÎ»ʄMISʅ=Ţɥɀ" , ƾȜÌǘ
ȋɰ=ȩŶʄIkeda et al., 1999ʅ
ʇƴüix[L|i?"(ʆƌƢ"ü»' Ś!Ə
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13

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Ċ6ǳñɟƷ$#=äĵ:" 8ʆMIS 3MIS 2 %@|\_O?Ɋɑƙ(ªƃ$ĶÌ" » :ʇŬǺƍŰ=Ɋ ʆŬ5Ė¸!ŢŰ(ʆ2 ĭÄ!: ʆ% 9  2000 ĭÄʆ7 ĭÄʆ5  5000 ĭÄʆ3 ĭÄ$#ȫʌë'Ė¸Ű ʇ'ǽŷʆʄʈʅʄʅƍŰ%(ȣD~Q[vw?Ɯƙ ķÌ; ʆƴĩ÷"ƴĩ÷'ýǉ(ȅĴ-ǢÉ: ʆɥƍŰ%(ȸɒ×ƙ àƊQY~PÎ»'ʋĻŰ 8ʊ¿Ű
ʄ6  50005 ĭÄʅ
%Íȣq|Q~|'ĺɵ=Ú ķÌ; :ʇʄʉʅƴüix[L|i?Ľǂ%79@|\_O?Ɋɑƙ ĶÌQY~Pʊʉ'ŢŰʄ32 ĭÄʅ%ʆPr{ĥƔģ÷'ƤŞƙ(ķÌ; ʆix[L|i? ǥ­ @|\_O?Ɋɑƙ ƌƢȼĠƌ=ȣŚ-ǢÉ4%ʆƤŞƙ'ƘÉ(ʇ

６．中米（パナマ）海路の閉鎖ŵȸɒĆĬƗ'Ǳʄc]mʅƜȻ ɤ :ŢŰ%(ʆĆĬƗ'ü»ƌ Ǳʄc]mʅƜȻÑEwgƜ=ǼǇ ÍĄȣƗ-ƙ± ʆÍĄȣƗ'ü»ɂɈ=ĶÌ ʇÑEwgƜ"ŵȸɒĆĬƗ'ùǧƷ% :ƛɏŃŮċȝƉ δ18O 'Ɂħ%7:ȠĠü»hzGO(ʆEwgƜ"ĆĬƗ'ȠĠü» ʂřÄŰʄ470460ĭÄʅ%< $ħ ǃĻʆ420 ĭÄ%( 0.5‰1!Ɂħ ņĄ"=ǟ
ʆǱʄc]mʅƜȻ ď²%ɣɡ; 250 ĭÄ%(ƿó©'Ƿ 1‰%ɓʄî 11ʅ
ʇ$<ʆǱʄc]mʅƜȻ( 460270 ĭÄ%ŽɌǍ%ɣɡ; ʆƜǏɥ'ȠĠƌ'Ŏ Âɩ;ǽŷʆĄȣƗĆĬƗÍżƜ% :ȠĠƌ"ƟĠƌ'Ľǂǵ ĀÌ ʆķÌ;ƴüĽǂ%7:ƴ"ƥƋ ȅĴ 8ʁȅĴ-ɐŏ; ʆ460310 ĭÄ%ʂřƢŦŰ; Pliocene Warm Period'ƢŦƹń%ĀÌ
Ļʆ310250 ĭÄ%ÍÏǀ-ƍİĹŅ=58ʄHaug et al., 2001ʅʇŵȸɒĆĬƗ'ÍŚʄODP Site 1012ʅ"ȸɒÑ'Ė¸$ȕƹƤŞ÷ʄODP Site 846ʅ'?xK`| Uk’37 %7:ȠĠƜƌƢĴ(ʆî 11 ǟ7 %ÑÍʉƲɥ'ȠĠƜ
ƌƢĴ'ħ( 400 ĭÄ' 2 8 200 ĭÄ' 78-þÆĻʆƿó1!/0
Đ!:ʇŚʆȸɒĆĬƗ%Ɣ ŵʄODP Site 847ʅ"ȣʄODP Site 806ʅ'ȠĠ
ƜƌƢĴ'ħ(ʆ450 ĭÄ' 0 8 350 ĭÄ% 2"$ ʆ220 ĭÄ%µ*0%ơěĻʆ56-þÆ:ʇȸɒĆĬƗ%Ɣ ŵȣ'ȠĠƜƌƢĴ'ƢĴË
ə(ŵ!ȶŠɼ=ķÌ ʆ¸ƤŞƙ=þķ ƌƢ"Ƌò'Ëə=ŵȣ!ķ
14

小泉 格 PL-0011

Ì:ʇôǀȽɒȤǸ'ôɀ¬ŗȨ'ňī( 300 ĭÄ%Ą $ ʆƴĩ"ƴ
ĩƜƗ'ƴŽɌ=Bx ^~^tžƹń%ʇ

 11 500 b·nœĵŅ§¶óêu¤ ŝBrierley and Fedorov, 2010Ş
ŠA: á§¶óð Ĭ²öëúºŝ)Z6H^ Uk’37Ş
ŝBrierley et al., 2009ŞĵŅðáĮĬ²öëúºŝõłÃß©īè
Mg/CaŞ
ŝWara et al., 2005ŞŠ­ģ 40 b·ĕ¶vşB: ¹Ċß©īè δ18O ŝLisiecki and Raymo, 2005Şş
C: ĹxÕİ¤ŝLaskar et al., 2004Ş.

７．赤道太平洋域における新第三紀（2303−259 万年前）の珪藻化石群集řÄŰʄ23031597 ĭÄʅ'ȸɒĆĬƗ6EwgƜʆĄȣƗ'ȅĴ÷%ƾȜ
ȷùǧƷ įǰí%»Ĩ :ʇȸɒĽǂƙ'ĺɵ%7 ʆřÄŰʄ1700
1500 ĭÄʅ%OwEȿŎʄKeller and Barron, 1983ʅ ȹ9ʆƿó'ÑżƜ%ƾȜùǧĩ ĹŅ;ʇ1600 ĭÄ'řŰƋ¨ŬȖŰ'ƢŦÌ"àŢ%ºƿƢŦƾȜǤ' Crucidenticula coscinodiscus, C. nicobarica, Denticulopsis lauta $#(ʆ1400 ĭÄɨ'Ė¸ÌƋ¨'ĺɵ=Ú ʆȅĴ÷!%Ɲƪ
 :ʇĖ¸ÌƋ¨(ĄƋ6Ɯƌ'Ľǂ=þķ ʆǂĆĬƗô÷%ƾȜȷùǧ
Ʒ= 1600 ĭÄ 8ŲŹǍ%ĹŅĉ4ʄKoizumi and Yamamoto, 2018ʅ'!ʆƾȜ'ǄºɹĴ(ăžĴ"³%þÆ ʆƿ'ƜǃƾȜ( 1500 ĭÄ%ºƿ:ʄLazarus et al., 2014ʅʇƾȜ'ăžĴ(Ė¸Ű%þÆ9ʆřŰʄ1500 ĭ
18
Äʅɨ'ăžĴ(²ǀƋ¨ĀÉ'hzGO!: δ O 6ĄƋ CO2 »ò(pCO2)"ķėŁ :ʄRenaudie, 2016ʅ.

15南−北太平洋における珪藻質堆積物(岩)の形成 PL-0011

８．西赤道太平洋における更新世後期（60 万年前）以降の珪藻化石群集ȣȸɒĆĬƗ'D|[| PrbƜÜ 8ŋÙƜĲùǧƷ'ĲǃŮċȝÌǘȋ
ɰ(ʆŵȸɒĆĬƗ"àž%ƍŰ%ƤŞƙ þÆ ʆǃƷǃǄ ǐ>%$:"=ǟʄHerguera and Berger, 1991ʅ
ʇ ʆD|[| PrbƜÜʄODP Leg 130, Site
806ʅ'ƾȜÌǘȋɰ(ʆǭêǶ'ɥƍŰ%ƾȜƉŕ þÆ  ʄLange and Berger,
1993ʅ'!ʆǝȯ:4% ODP Leg 130, Site 807 'ƾȜÌǘȋɰ=»Ŷ ʄƎ
ǆ}Ěƕ, 1994ʅ. ƾȜƉŕ( 40 ĭÄÄ%ż4 ě$ ʆ;ɨ% 23 ĭæŰ!ĀÉ$ 8ƫƂþÆ:ʇNitzschia ğ'ÌǘǤ'Ɖ(ȐĶ!:4%ʆƉŕ(țĀÉ:ʇƾȜÌǘǤ'ĠıǍĀǢ(Ɖ'ÓǤ þÆĻ%ʆƉ'Ȑ
Ķ$Ǥ ºƿ:ʇƞƌǃ' Stephanodiscus ğ(ʆƍŰQY~P 6 %ǔĸ: 17 ĭ
Ä%Ąɝ%ºƿ9ʆæɃɫ÷ 8'ɼŅƦ!:ʇ'ȩŶǽŷ%7 ʆȣȸɒĆĬƗ% :ƾȜƉ'ǃǄŃ"Ʃȩɝ'ĀÉ(ʆȸɒƤŞƙ'ĀÉ%Őə;
9ʆƍŰ'e~IŢ% :ȸɒƤŞƙ'ķÌ(ʆþĄǃǄŃ=ë:Ʃȩ=ĵ ȹʆ×ė%ɥƍŰ%(ǃǄŃ :'!ʆƩȩ=1& ; ƾȷƉ'¥Č(Ȗ$:" Àşʇ 12 ĵŅ§¶óŝIODP Site U1338Ş 1600 b·nœĂŊ1Z9V,RŝCaCO3ŞŤĊċŋM\39ŝ0JaZ/Ĝş0JaZ/BaSO4, BaSO4/TiO2, Al2O3/TiO2Şéĺ ŝLyle and Baldauf, 2015Ş.

16小泉 格 PL-0011

９．生物源堆積物の形成ȸɒĆĬƗ'řŰʄ1600 ĭÄʅɨ%  ʆǃƷǃǄɝ"ľÌǘȋɰʆƱɚExOsAoʄCaCO3ʅ'Ʃȩ$#(țĀÉ
9ʆDc~xǃǄ ʁŰɥ% :ʋ'ÛǃǄɝhzGOʄDc~x/ǳñʆDc~x/BaSO4, BaSO4/TiO2,
ʇ
Al2O3/TiO2ʅ(ʆ'7 %à%ĀÉ :ʄî 12; Lyle and Baldauf, 2015ʅʄʈʅřŰ' 1320 ĭÄÄ'řŰƋ¨ŬȖŰʄ16501550 ĭÄʅ!(ʆƾȜ'ăžĴ ʆǄºŰɥ Ǘʇʄʉʅ1320800 ĭÄ'ƱɚüIvXOs
ʄLyle et al., 1995ʅ'ÄŰʄřĻŰʆ13201020 ĭÄʅ!(ʆCaCO3 'Ʃȩ"ƾȜ'ăǄ!ƸĿ8;ʆĻŰʄřĻŰʆ1020800 ĭÄʅ!(ƤŞŃƾȜ!ƸĿ8;:ʇ
ʄʊʅ800450 ĭÄʄřĻŰʂřÄŰʅ'ǃƷgx~o; ǃƷǃǄŬǐŰ
ʄFarrell et al., 1995ʅ(ʆ700640 ĭÄ'ŬǐŰ=Ňó ʆDc~xǃǄ" CaCO3
Ʃȩ!ƸĿ8;:.
ʄʋʅ450 ĭÄɨ'ʂřƿó(ʆǃǄɝ" CaCO3 'æŰǍƩȩʄFarrell andPrell, 1989ʅ!ƸĿ8;:ʇǃƷǃǄɝ" CaCO3 Ʃȩ'ĀÉ(, ɼŅƤŞƙ%7:ȸɒĆĬƗ-'Ÿɾü'¢ǾµȄŅ;ǽŷ!9ʆǱʄc]mʅƜȻ'ƫǢǍɣɡ ȠĠƌ!ơěŮƁƷ=ƟĠƌ'Ÿɾü=ƤŞ:"%7 ʆȢ°; :ʇ700640 
ĭÄ'ʁǃƷǃǄ'ŰɥǃƷgx~o%ʆƾȜmX[=ĹŅ: Thalassiothrix
longissima Čó:"(ʆīįȅĴ%Ɣ ÄȃØŖĩ%ɰǃǄ!:"=ǟè
9ʆŸɾü'Ŏ%YI[^IQ ɦ£ :ʇř'ʁǃǄŰ( 450 ĭÄ'ʂřɨ79ʁʆôǀȽɒȤǸ%7:Ƌ¨ĀÉ ɛȤ!: ʆķæŰŃ(ȯ48;$ʇƾȜǤȋ'ǔėɹĴ(ƢĴ6ŸɾüʆčǯŃ$#'ĀÌ=Ú: ʆƾȜǤȋ'ĀÌ(ƤŞƙ%7:Ÿɾü'¢Ǿ"ɍÉ
:ʇƾȜ'ǃńǵ ĀÌ ʆùǧ¡ǅ řǤ'ǃǄ=¤7 %¡ǅ ʆDc~x'ʁǃǄŰ!:ǃƷgx~o=58ʇř"ʂř'ýǉʄ533
ĭÄʅɅ!(ʆȸɒĆĬƗ% :Dc~xƐǧɝ ơě:'%< ʆÑżƜ!țþÆʇ'ĆĬƗ 8ÑżƜ-'OwEȿŎʄKeller and Barron,
1983ʅ ƿó'ÑżƜ% :Ȥ$ǃƷȹƦDc~x'ĉ19!:ʇ

10．ラミナ（マット）状珪藻軟泥ŵȸɒĆĬƗ'ƤŞƙ÷% :řÄŰʂřÄŰʄ1500 ĭÄʆ13001200
ĭÄʆ1050950 ĭÄʆ630610 ĭÄʆ440 ĭÄʅ'ƾȜmX[ʄvn]ʅ(ʆĂƗ'ƛɏŃƾȜ Thalassiothrix longissima =" Thalassiothrix Jx~h!ŽŅ
;
9ʆ2000 km 'ǰí%< 1000 ĭ% 10 cm 'ɋĴ!ɍȁǍ%ƐɨĹŅ;ʄKemp and Baldauf, 1993; Kemp, 1995; Kemp et al., 1995; î 13ʅʇT.
longissima 'ǃ(ʆƜƌ 1ℓ % 103106 §'ǹȏ ã1; :ɞƹ'ȌƹǒƾȜ
!ʆÒƺ$ȋ!mX[=ĹŅ :ʇ
ƾȜmX['ĹŅ(ʆv ^~^ržƹń%7 ŵȣŚâ%ķÅ$Äȃĩ ǌɓƜƗǂý%  ʆĖ¸ƌû Äȃĩ'ƢŦƌû«-Ɛ2Ʉ3'%"5$ ʆĖ¸ƌ÷'ȠĠǓ%ĹŅ;ƾȜmX['ƛō ɧĒ; ʆƢŦƌ÷%ɐ);
ĻʆmX['ƛÅ ȠĠ-ƛō Ʈɰ:4%ʆŸɾüɻ'ƝȎ%7:ƾȜ'Ƈ17

南−北太平洋における珪藻質堆積物(岩)の形成 PL-0011

ƪ"ƾȜƉ'Ɛɨ ƢŦƌ÷%  µǃǃǄ;ǽŷ!:ʇ 13 DSDP Sites 572-574ŝLeg 85Ş ODP Sites 844, 847, 849-851ŝLeg 138Ş $XQEąĆĪĸ
òċ}ă²ýŝKemp and Baldauf, 1993; Kemp, 1995; Kemp et al., 1995ŞŠXQEąĆĪĸòşEHĒĸò$ĆĪEHĒĸò'ÊĊĄÎjXQEąĆĪĸòl²$ŠCAC:California Current, NEC: North Equatorial Current, NECC: North Equatorial Countercurrent, EUC: Equatorial
Undercurrent, SEC: South Equatorial Current, PC: Peru Current, CHC: Chile Current, ÷āĨ: SEC  NEC ôŠ

11．おわりにƾȜ(Ė¸!Ÿɾü'ȳĕ$Ɯ÷%ă'!ʆʁȅĴ÷!ăǄʆăžĴ ʁ$:ʇ
ÍĆĬƗʁȅĴ÷% :ƾȜȷùǧƷʄĢʅ(ʆ1600 ĭÄɨ'ŽɌɐÉ"
ʁȅĴ÷'Ė¸Ì6ƜȻ'ɣɡ$#%7 ȹƜƌ6ĄƋ'Ľǂǵ%7:ƷȷĽǂOQYo%ȉ9Ʉ1; :ʄKoizumi and Yamamoto, 2018ʅʇŚʆÑǱĆĬƗƔģ÷!(ʆ5600 ĭÄɨ'ƍƒŃƜƌƧ%ɍÉ 54 ŢŰ%ĹŅ;'!ʆ
ǄºĠƧ=ȸɒƜƙ'ĀÉÝ"ɦɍ ʆŽɌɐÉ}ƜƌƧĀÉ}ÛǂýĀÉ$#%ø ʆÔìǼɑǽŷ=ǴĔ%ļ¯:" ŀȤ!ʄĚƕ, 2021ʅʇɫùǧƷ6ƜĲùǧƷL?=ǅôǀǂý'ɑÕ 8ƿó1!'Ǽɑ=ʆƿó%Ʌďř!(ǃ 100 ĭ=ŕ 10 ĭȦſ!ǴĔ%ļ¯ʆǼɑ%ȹ
'ȹƦ"ǃŅ'ƁŽ6æŰŃ=ş8 %:"%7 ʆęŴ'Ƌ¨ĀÉ6ôɲʆƯġéƯ$#=ƣ:ǧżǍ$ǚǨƘÉ"ǚǨŅŷ=Ǡ-ɗ¯ ʆţÖ:Ƙ
É=đś:"=ȓȧ:ŀƳŃ :ʇÍƜɒĄĎĄĎɪ'ġŲƄœŉ"±ɜťÇœ%(ʆșǦ=ȱ>!Ȅɰ%ĜÅ= 1ʇ

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