Meteorological Service Act: the legal basis for PPE in Japan
Sharing the PPE practice as JMA’s contribution to UN Early Warnings for All (EW4A)

Meteorological Service Act in Japan• enacted in 1952 and has been amended more than 30 times.
• developed on the premise that the collaboration across the sectors is essential.
• functions as the foundation for the development of meteorological services in Japan over 70 years!
Key Features• Director-General of JMA: responsible for the sound developments of meteorological services as awhole, incl. those by the private sector.
• Advisory Committee: composed of external experts from the public, private, and academic
sectors. is authorized to make recommendations on high-level JMA policies.
• Single Authoritative Voice: Anyone other than JMA shall not issue warnings.

Source: Modernization of Meteorological Services in Japan

Business model of Meteorological Services in Japan ( Advisory Committee Recommendation in 1992)
JMA :• Responsible for fundamental public services with a focus on warnings for DRR (SingleAuthoritative Voice)• Not provides commercial services (Avoiding competition and conflicts of interest)
Licensed weather companies:• Provide their customers with customized services and also JMA warnings.
• Assign certified weather forecasters.
JMA’s data/products:• Provided on a free and unrestricted basis.
• The Japan Meteorological Business Support Center (JMBSC) as the gateway.

Vision for Meteorological Services in 2030 ( Advisory Committee Recommendation in 2018)• “Vision for Meteorological Services in 2030” developed by the Advisory
Committee in 2018 describes the society to be realized as a “Safe,Resilient, and Vibrant Society”, three priority areas, and five
fundamental cross-cutting policies.
• The JMA’s vision statement updated based on this recommendation.
“To contribute to the development of society, through public-privateacademic engagement and international cooperation, by innovating
observation and forecasting techniques incorporating cutting-edge
technology, and by promoting full use of meteorologicalinformation/data in various aspects of everyday life as indispensable
and fundamental public soft infrastructure.”

Weather Business Consortium (WXBC)• Established in 2017, consists of more than 1,200 enterprises
including private weather service companies.
• Mission:- Creation of new weather business models.
- Facilitation of weather data utilization in business sectors.
- Capacity development for weather data handling.

Key Takeaways••••JMA DG’s legal responsibility for developments of the entire meteorological services has now become more important than ever, inorder to promote partnership across the whole value cycle of meteorological services.
The Advisory Committee’s high-level policy recommendations are indispensable for DG to improve meteorological services responding
to rapidly changing environment.
The legal basis for the Single Authoritative Voice empowers JMA to provide effective warning services without any confusion.
High quality, sustainable public infrastructures, and free and unrestricted data provision are fundamental for the growth of private
meteorological services. This requires that the government fully funds its NMHS for public services.